BKITISH FUNGUS-FLOEA.
*
As it has been found impossible to complete this Work
conveniently in the three volumes originally contemplated, the
subject will be concluded in a Supplementary Volume, which,
will be issued shortly.
BEITISH
FUNGUS-FLORA.
A CLASSIFIED TEXT-BOOK OF MYCOLOGY.
BY
GEOEGE MASSBE,
AUTHOK 01" "PLANT LIFE," "THE PUAJJT WOBLD," ETC.
VOL. III.
V YORK
LONDON:
GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK ST., COVENT GARDEN
AND NEW YORK.
1893.
V.3
LONDON :
PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,
STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.
(,;
milk acrid, white.
LACTARIUS. 7
Lactarius later 'itioroseus, Karsten, Mecld. ad Soc. pro Fauna
et Flora Fenn., 1888-91, p. 15, and description emended, I.e.,
p. 20.
In woods.
Lactarius (Piper.) turpis. Fr.
Pilous 3-7 in. across, fleshy, rigid, convex then expanded,
disciform or umbilicate then depressed, innately downy at
the margin only or all over, covered with a tenacious olive
gluten, zoneless, sometimes with a tawny tinge near the
margin, at length more or less umber ; margin for a long
time involute, downy at first, yellowish-olive, then more or
less expanded, at length often densely rivulosely sulcate;
flesh compact, white, unchangeable ; gills adnato-decurrent,
thin, 1-2 lines broad, much crowded, forked, pale straw-
colour, spotted with brown when bruised; stem 1^-3 in.
long, i-1 in. thick, even or rough and unequal, but not
spotted, viscid or dry, pallid or dark olive, apex pale whitish-
ochre, solid, hard ; spores minutely spinulose, 6-8 /x diameter.
Lactarius turpis, Fries, Epicr., p. 335 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 306 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 987.
In woods.
M. hlennius somewhat resembles the present species, but
differs in the concentrically spotted pileus; stuffed then
hollow stem, and white gills.
Gregarious. Distinguished by the olive tone of pileus
and stem. Fries says that this species sometimes measures
1 foot across ; flesh compact and rigid. The habit is almost
that of Paxillus involutus. Stem sometimes hollow, and the
pileus sometimes slightly zoned.
Var. plumbeus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 306.
Agaricus ^iumheus. Bull., Champ., t. 282, and 559, f 2.
Agaricus Listeri, Sow., t. 245,
Pileus compact, convex, at length infundibuliform, dry,
unpolished, dingy, then blackish-brown ; stem solid, equal,
blunt; gills crowded, white then yellowish; milk acrid,
white, unchangeable.
In woods.
Lactarius (Piper.) controversus. Pers.
Pileus 3-5 in. across, fleshy, firm, rigid, at first convex
8 FUNGUS-FLORA.
broadly iimbilicate, when adult, somewliat infundibuliform ,
oblique, emerging from the ground, dry, flocculose, whitish,
then after rain glabrous, viscid, reddish, and wdth red zones
and spots, especially near the margin ; margin acute when
young, strongly involute, more or less downy ; flesh very
firm, milk white, acrid, not changing colour ; gills decurrent,
thin, closely crowded, 1-2 lines broad, short ones numerous,
rarely branched, white with a pallid flesh-coloured tinge ;
stem solid, stout, 1 in. thick and long, sometimes quite 2 in.
long, and evidently attenuated from the base, often excentric,
even, but mealy at the apex ; and from the decurrent teeth
of the gills, appearing striate, entirely white, never scrobi-
culate ; spores rough, globose, 6-8 /x diameter.
Lactarius controversus, Pers., Syn., p. 430; Fries, Epicr.,
p. 335 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 306 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1003.
In woods, pastures, &c.
Smell weak but pleasant, taste very acrid.
Lactarius (Piper.) pubescens. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, almost plane, centre depressed, then
broadly infundibuliform, zoneless, even, dry, disc almost
glabrous, shining, white tinged flesh-colour ; margin invo-
lute, fibrilloso-pubescent ; flesh firm but thin, tough, white,
or with a flesh-coloured tinge near the margin, unchange-
able ; milk white, unchangeable, not copious, very acrid ;
gills adnate or slightly decurrent, crowded, narrower than
thickness of flesh ot pileus, pallid, slightly tinted flesh-colour ;
stem stuffed, soft inside, short, about h in. thick at the apex,
attenuated downwards, and sometimes compressed, even (not
scrobiculate), usually minutely downy w^hen young, then
becoming glabrous, pale flesh-colour then w^hitish; spores
globose, rough, 7-8 /x.
Lactarius pubescens, Fries, Epicr., p, 335 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
306; Cke., Illustr., pi. 974.
In grassy places.
Allied to L. controversus, but much smaller and more
slender ; inodorous, taste very acrid. (Fries.)
Somewhat resembling L. iorminosus and L. cilicioides, but
differing from both in being altogether smaller and more
slender, and in the margin not being shaggy but only
fibrillosely downy.
LACTARIUS. 9
Lactarius (Piper.) aspideus. Fr.
Acrid; every part dingy straw-colour, stem and gills
paler than the pileus ; giving out everN'where when broken,
white milk that becomes lilac. Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh
whitish, rather thin, loose ; plano-convex, unequal, somewhat
papillate then rather depressed, even, viscid, zoneless; gills
adnate, subdecurrent, rather crowded, about 1 line broad,
very unequal, connected by branches ; stem almost equal,
stuffed then hollow, 2—3 in. long, up to h in. thick, even,
glabrous, dry; spores globose, rough, 8-10 //, diameter.
Lactarius aspideus. Fries, Epicr., p. 336 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
307 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1083.
In damp meadows, &c.
Distinguished from all other species by the presence of a
white, tomentose, deciduous silky zone near the margin of
the pilleus ; when this disappears the margin is very glabrous.
L. uvidus also has milk that turns lilac, but differs in the
broad gills and obsoletely zoned pileus.
** Limacini.
Lactarius (Piper.) utilis. Weinm.
Pileus 5-8 in. across, flesh thick ; convex then plane,
obtuse, at length infundibuliform, humid but dry in fine
weather, glabrous, even, often cracked at maturity, tan-
colour ; gills adnate, crowded, 4-5 lines broad, pallid ; stem
2-3 in. long, 1 in. thick, fragile, even, coloured like the
pileus, hollow ; milk persistently white, somewhat acrid.
Lactarius utilis, Weinmann, Hym. Koss., p. 43 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 307; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1084.
In woods.
. In the specimen found for the first time in Britain the
pileus was pale, and rather a dirty ochre, the stem darker,
and longitudinally striate, but otherwise in accord with the
description. (Cooke.)
Lactarius (Piper.) insulsus. Fr.
Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, and not very compact, flesh
pallid, indistinctly zoned under the cuticle ; deeply umbili-
cate, at length infundibuliform, rigid, zoned, especially
near the margin, glabrous, yellowish brick-red, the viscid
10 FUNGUS-FLORA.
pellicle separating ; margin naked ; stem stuffed when
young, hollow when old, often short and attenuated below,
1| in. long, up to 1 in. thick, rarel}^ drawn out to 3 in. and
then equal, more slender, glabrous, even or rarely scrobicu-
lately spotted ; gills decurrent, closely crowded, forked at
the base, 1 line or little more in breadth, whitish then pallid;
spheres subglobose, rough, joallid, 10 X 8 /x diameter.
Ladarius insulsus, Fries, Epicr., p. 336 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
307 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 975.
In paistures, &c.
Eesembling L. deliciosus in size and habit, but distin-
guished by the paler colour ; white, unchangeable, acrid
milk, and absence of red colour in the flesh at every age.
From L. zonalis, to which the present species is closely
allied, it is distinguished by the solid, yellowish stem.
Lactarius (Piper.) zonarius. Fr.
Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh rather thick, white ; convex
then flattened, depressed, sometimes deeply umbilicate ;
margin naked, for a long time involute, glabrous and even
at first, pellicle closely adnate, viscid, pale orange or pinkish-
yellow, often prettily zoned towards the margin, at length — ■
commencing at the margin — minutely rugulosely flocculose ;
gills slightly rounded behind and adnately decurrent, arcuate,
thin, narrow, scarcely 1 line broad, thin, rather crowded,
branched, whitish, at length dingy yellow, becoming sordid
or somewhat greenish when bruised ; stem 2-3 in. long,
1^—1 in. thick, equal or attenuated at the base, even, glabrous,
dry, white then yellowish, not spotted, paler above, solid,
firm, elastic; milk white, unchangeable, acrid; spores,
9-10 X 8 /x.
Lactarius zonarius, Fries, Epicr., p. 336; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 307.
Among grass, &c.
Stem sometimes hollow ; pileus sometimes wavy, glabrous,
and zoneless. (Fries.)
Lactarius (Piper.) blennius. Fr. (figs. 2, 3, p. 301,
vol. ii.)
Pileus 3-0 in. across, flesh thick, firm; soon expanded and
more or less depressed, glutinous, dingy gieenish-grey, often
more or less zoned with drop-like markings ; margin at first
LACTAKIUS. 11
incurved and downy; gills slightly decnrrent, crowded,
narrow, whitish or with an ochraceoiis tinge ; stem 1-2 in.
long, up to 1 in. thick at the apex, where it expands into
the thick flesh of the pileus, often attenuated at the base,
viscid, coloured like the stem or paler, soon hollow; milk
persistently white, very acrid ; spores subglobose, 7-8 X 6 /x.
Lactarius hlenniiis, Fries, Ejoicr., p. 337 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
308 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 988.
In woods, on the ground, very rarely on trunks.
L. tiirpis somew^hat resembles the present species, but
differs in the darker olive-brown pileus and the yellow down
on the incurved margin, especially when young.
Pileus 2-4 in. broad, fleshy, rarely subzonate, convex, the
margin generally involute and adpresso-tomentose (quite
smooth, Fr.); at length more or less depressed, dull cine-
reous green, at first viscid ; more or less pitted. Milk white,
not changeable. Gills rather narrow, pale ochraceous,
scarcely forked, not connected by veins. Stem 1 in. long,
J-J in. thick, paler than the pileus, attenuated down-
wards, obtuse, smooth, at length hollow, sometimes pitted,
Very acrid. (Berk.)
Lactarius (Piper.) hysginus. Fr.
Pileus 3-4: in. across, flesh white, rigid, rather thin,
flattened, umbilicate, margin thin, incurved, even, viscid,
reddish flesh-colour or brownish-red, zoneless or slightly
zoned, often shining; gills veiy slightly decnrrent, thin,
crowded, 1-2 lines broad, w^hite then yellowish-ochre, but
not pruinose; stem 2-4 in. long, |— 1 in. thick, glabrous,
roughened with small points or somewhat spotted, stuffed
then hollow, often inflated and constricted at the apex ;
milk acrid, white, unchangeable ; spores verruculose,
10 X 7-8 IX.
Lactarius liyscjinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 337 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
308 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 989.
Among grass in woods, &c.
Rigidly fragile, fleshy-red, pileus rather slender, somewhat
wavy ; milk white, unchangeable, taste acrid. (Fries.)
Lactarius (Piper.) trivialis. Fr.
Pileus 4—8 in. across, fleshy, rigid and fragile, convex,
soon depressed, at length int'undibuliform, margin at first
12 rUNGUS-FLOEA.
involute then expanded, the pellicle at the margin becoming
considerably inflexed ; even, glabrous, viscid, at first dark
lurid, then becoming pale, pale yellowish or pinky-tan, not
zoned ; flesh equal, rather rigid, white ; gills subdecurrent,
crowded, whitish, then pallid ; stem stout 1-6 in. long, up
to 1 in. or even more thick, usually inflated and hollow, but
shorter and firmer in dry localities, even, glabrous, slimy, not
spotted, paler than the pileus ; milk acrid, white, unchange-
able ; spores 9-10 /x diameter.
Lactarius trivialis, Fries, Epicr., p. 337 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
508; Cke., Illustr., pi. 976.
In damp mossy places in pine woods.
Lactarius (Piper.) circellatus. Fr.
Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh compact, rather thick, white ;
•convex and umbilicate at first, then flattened and the centre
depressed, usually wavy when old, even, glabrous, very
viscid and rufous-brown when moist, variegated with
darker zones, becoming pale ; gills adnata with a somewhat
decurrent tooth, very thin and crowded, narrow, often
forked, whitish then with a yellowish tinge, horizontal (not
arcuate); stem lJ-2 in. long, h in. and more thick, equal or
attenuated at the base, and often ascending, even, glabrous,
pallid, solid ; milk white, unchangeable, very acrid ; spores
subglobose, echinulate, 7-8 fx.
Latarius circellatus. Fries, Epicr., p. 338 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
308; Cke., Illustr., pi. 990.
In woods.
Stem usually short, firm. Pileus brownish or rufescent,
becoming pale; flesh white but rather dark under the sepa-
rable pellicle. Gills horizontal, at length somewhatcoloured,
but the milk unchangeable. Care is required in distinguish-
ing between this and L. flexuosus and L. pyrogalus. (Fries.)
Lactarius (Piper.) uvidus. Fr.
Pileus 1^-3 in. across, flesh rather thick; convex and
sometimes slightly umbonate or gibbous, then depressed, not
zoned, viscid, dingy pale ochraceous-tan ; margin naked, in-
volute at first ; gills very slightly decurrent, thin, crowded,
white, becoming lilac when bruised ; stem 2-3 in. long, 4-8
lines thick, soon hollow, viscid, pallid ; milk mild at first,
LACTAEIUS. 13
Blovvly becoming acrid; white, changing to lilac; spores
globose, 10 fjL diameter.
Lactarius uvidus, Fries, Epicr., p. 338 ; Cke., Illustr., pi.
991 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 308.
In woods.
Distinguished at once by the milk changing from white ta
a distinct lilac colour when exposed to the air.
Pileus 2-2^ in. broad, fleshy, depressed, sometimes obso-
letely zoned, viscid, pale dirty rufescent or cinereous with a
shade of lilac, speckled with small watery spots, which origi-
nate beneath the epidermis. Gills paler, adnato-decurrent,
the shorter ones very obtuse and truncate behind, connected
by veins. Milk white, acrid. Stem 2 in. high, ^ in. thick^
spongy, at length hollow, marked with little longitudinal
pits, strigose at the base, the w^hole plant when cut white
turning to a beautiful lilac. It is not, however, the milk
Avhich changes colour, on exposure to air, but the flesh itself.
(Berk.)
Soft and fragile, somewhat insipid then slowly becoming
acrid ; smell w^eak. Milk white, usually changing to a lilac
colour when exposed, rarely remaining white or changing
to a dingy tan-colour. Pileus sometimes obsoletely zoned,
indistinctly pellucidly striate w^hen old; gills sometimes
becoming yellowish. (Fries.)
*** Piper at I.
Lactarius (Piper.) flexuosus. Fr.
Pileus 3-5 in. across, fleshy ; convex then expanded and
depressed, somewhat wavy, margin at first, and for a long
time incurved, at length patent, erect, at first almost gla-
brous and somewhat shining then becoming minutely broken
up into squamules, opaque, lead or violet-grey, becoming
pale, zoned or zoneless ; flesh hard, white ; gills adnate,
somewhat horizontal, 1-1^ line broad, connected by branches,
distant, thick, tinged yellowish, then becoming tinged with
flesh-colour; stem 2-3 in. long, 1 in. and more thick above,
stout or equally attenuated tow^ards the base, not unfre-
quently excentric, and often lacunose, pallid grey, base
tinged yellow, apex whitish ; solid ; milk very acrid, white,
unchangeable ; spores echinulate, 6-8 fx diameter.
14 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Lactarius flexuosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 338 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
309 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 992.
In woods.
Var. roseozonatus_, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 427.
Pileus entirely rose-colour, and marked witli darker
zones.
In woods.
This variety has not yet been recorded for Britain.
Lactarius (Piper.) pyrogalus. Bull.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thicl^ish, white ; soon expanded
and more or less depressed, glabrous, even, slightly zoned,
rather moist, livid grey ; gills slightly decurrent, thin,
rather distant, ochraceons ; stem about 1^ in. long, up to
^ in. thick, attenuated at the base, pallid, stuffed then hol-
low ; milk white, unchangeable, very hot and acrid ; spores
globose, echinulate, 7-10 fx.
Lactarius pyrogalus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 309 ; Cke., lllustr., pi.
993.
Agaricus pyrogalus, Bulliard, Champ. France, t. 529, f. 1.
In woods, pastures, &c.
Pileus sometimes brown. Fries mentions a form resem-
bling L. fidiginosus, pileus clay-culour, not zoned, gills
yellow.
Allied to L. flexuosus, but smaller, more slender, pileus
gre3% at length becoming dingy yellowish; milk abundant,
white, very acrid. The stem is sometimes excentric, and in
shady places the pileus is pallid and somewhat zoned.
(Fries.)
Lactarius (Piper.) squalidus. Krombh.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy at the disc, margin thin,
white, with scattered yellowish spots near the margin ; con-
vex then almost plane, umbilicate, dry, glabrous, not at all
zoned, very pale greyish-olive or lurid ; gills adnate or very
slightly decurrent, not 1 line broad, white then pale yellow ;
stem about 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, glabrous, pale
brown, especially downwards, solid, firm; milk whitish,
mild, spores echinulate, 6-10 /x.
Lactarius squalidus, Krombh., t. 40, f. 23-25 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 309 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 1004a.
LACTAraus. 15
Among moss, &c. ; in damp woods.
About the size of L, pi/rogalus^ but differs in tlie narrow
yellow gills and mild milk.
Lactarius (Piper.) capsicum. Scliulz.
Pileus li-3 in. across, flesh thick, firm, with a yellow
tinge, and changing to pale brown when cut ; convex, obtuse
or slightly gibbous, dry, even, deep chestnut-colour; margin
strongly incurved ; gills slightly decurrent, about 1 line
broad, rather crowded, pale tawny with a golden tinge
stem about 2 in. long, h in. thick or more, whitish, striate
with tawny or rufous fibrils, solid, firm ; milk white, acrid
spores globose, 6 /x diameter.
Lactarius capsicum, Schulzer in Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 428
Cke., Hdbk., p. 309 ; Cke., Illustr., ph 977.
On the ground under birches, etc.
Eeadily distinguished by the deep chestnut-coloured pileus
and the flesh becoming brownish when broken.
Lactarius (Piper.) chrysorrheus. Fr.
Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh thick at the centre, becom-
ing thin towards the margin, firm, white, tinged yellow when
broken; umbilicate then depressed or infundibuliform, pale
yellowish flesh-colour, ornamented with darker indistinct
zones or spots ; gills decurrent, thin, crowded, clingy yel-
lowish; stem about 1^- in. long, and ^ in. thick, equal, even,
white, stuffed then hollow; milk very acrid, white then
golden-yellow ; spores 6-7 jj, diameter.
Lactarius chrysorrheus. Fries, Epicr., p. 342 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 984; Cke., Hdbk., p. 310.
In woods.
Distinguished among the species having yellow milk by
the deep golden-yellow colour of the milk, which in all
others is pale primrose yellow, and the pale yellow pink or
apricot-coloured pileus.
Lactarius (Piper.) acris. Fr.
Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh rather thick, firm, white,
irregular, often excentric, or one side emarginate, at first
convex then plane, at length obliquely infundibuliform, more
moist than viscid, scarcely zoned, but usually spotted, sooty-
grey, darker or paler ; gills slightly decurrent, thin, rather
16 rUXGUS-FLOKA
crowded, somewhat divided behind, pallid at first, then pink-
ish-yellow ; stem I5-2 in. long, 1 in. and more thick, attenu-
ated downwards, often obliquely ascending or curved, pallid,
becoming fragile, stuffed then hollow; milk acrid, white,
soon becoming reddish; spores subglobose, echinulate, 8-9
X 6-8 /x.
' Lactariiis acris, Fries, Epicr., p. 342 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 310;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1005.
In woods.
Stinking; acrid, milk white then reddish; spores 6 /i,
diameter. (Cooke.)
Lactarius (Piper.) umbrinus. Pers.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, firm, not thick, convex then
plane, the centre becoming slightly depressed, often wavy
and excentric, absolutely dry, flocculoso-rivulose, more or
less intense olivaceoiis-umber, paler and yellowish when old ;
flesh firm, white; milk white, acrid, forming grey spots
when it has escaped ; gills slightly decurrent, thin, crowded,
forked behind, 1 line or a little more in breadth, pallid,
dingy yellowish; stem solid, compact, stout, up to 1 in. long,
about 1^ in. thick, attenuated upwards, even, colour of the
pileus or paler, apex white ; spores globose, rough, 8 jx diam.
Lactarius umbrinus, Pers., Syn., p. 435 ; Fries, Epicr., p.
339; Cke., Hdbk., p. 310; Cke., Illustr., pi 1006.
In pine woods, &c.
ComjDact, but the pileus not thick, often flexuous, some-
times becoming pale. Stem scarcely 1 in. long ; gills some-
what decurrent, forked behind. (Fries.)
Lactarius (Piper.) pergamenus. Fr.
White. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick at the
disc, thin elsewhere ; pliant, convex then plane and the
centre depressed, often wavy, not zoned, glabrous, minutely
wrinkled ; gills adnate, very narrow, horizontal, very much
crowded, branched, white at first, soon becoming straw-
colour ; milk white, unchangeable, acrid ; spores broadly
elliptical, echinulate, 7 X 5-6 /x; stem 3-4 in. long, ^| in.
thick at the apex, usually more or less attenuated downwards,
glabrous, becoming discoloured, stuffed.
Lactarius ])ergamenus. Fries, Epicr., p. 340 ; Cke., Hdbk,,
p. 310; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 978.
LACTAEIUS. 17
In woods.
Entirely wliito; milk white, abundant, very acrid
Closely allied to L. piperatus, but differing in the longer,
stuffed stem attenuated downwards, thinner pileus, and the
adnate, very much crowded and very narrow gills that soon
become straw-colour.
The milk is very abundant in the flesh, scanty in the
gills. (Fries.)
Lactarius (Piper.) piperatus. Fr.
White. Pileus 4-8 in. across, flesh thick, firm ; umbili-
cate then infundibuliform and margin erect, glabrous, even,
not zoned ; gills decurrent, crowded, not more than 1 line
broad, frequently forked ; stem about Ih in. long and nearly
as thick, smooth, solid; milk white, unchangeable, copious,
very acrid ; spores subglobose, minutely asperate, 8-9 fx
diameter.
Lactarius piperatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 340 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
310; Cke., illustr., pi. 979.
In woods.
Compact, firm, dry, without smell, milk white, abundant,
very acrid, unchangeable'; stem solid, stout, 1-2 in. long,
1-2 in. thick, equal or obconic, even, very slightly mealy,
white. Pileus fleshy, rigid, umbilicate whea , young, the
marginal portion reflexed (margin at first involute), infun-
dibuliform quite from the margin when adult, 4-9 in. broad,
for the most part regular, even, glabrous, not zoned, white
or tinged with yellow when old. Flesh white. Gills de-
current, crowded, narrow, scarcely a line broad, margin
obtuse, forking, arcuate, then straight, white, not changing
to straw-colour, but often spotted with yellow. Not be-
coming tinted with flesh-colour, as in L. controversus.
(Fries.)
Pileus 3-7 in. broad, slightly rugulose, quite smooth,
white, a little clouded with yellow or stained with umber
where scratched or bruised, convex, more or less depressed,
often quite infundibuliform more or less waved, fleshy,
thick, firm, but brittle, margin involute at first ; sometimes
excentric. Milk white, hot. Gills generally very narrow,
^ of an in. broad, but sometimes much broader, cream-
coloured, repeatedly dichotomous, very close, "like the teeth
VOL. IIL
18 ' FUNGUS-FLOEA.
of an ivory comb," decurrent from tlie shape of tlie pileus,
Tvhen bruised changing to nmber. Stem 1-3 in. high,
1^2 in. thick, often compressed, minutely pruinose, solid
but spongy withiD, the substance breaking up into transverse
cavities. (Berk.)
Lactarius (Piper.) vellereus. Fr.
White. Pileus 4-8 in. across, ilesh thick, firm ; convex
then expanded and umbilicate, tomentose, not zoned ; gills
decurrent, 2 lines broad, distant, arcuate, not forked but
connected by branches; stem 2-3 in. long, up to 1^- in.
thick, downy, solid ; spores very minutely asperate, 8-6 /x ;
milk scanty, white unchangeable, acrid.
Lactarius vellereus, Fries, Epicr., p. 340 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
311 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 980.
In woods.
The pileus is sometimes very broadly umbilicate or cup-
shaped, at others almost flat. Milk sometimes absent. Very
closely resembling Hussula delica but distinguished by the
floccose or downy pileus and acrid taste.
Large, hard, rigid, milk very acrid, scanty, white. Stem
stout, solid, equal, 2-3 in. long, 1-1^- in. thick, with delicate
innate down on the surface. Pileus fleshy, compact, convex
then flattened, margin for a long time bent down, 5-7 in.
broad, innatelj^ dowmy, dry, zoneless, wdiite, with sugges-
tions of reddish tan. Gills arcuate, adnato-decurrent,
thickish, margin acute, rather distant, 2 lines and more
broad, connected by branches (but not dichotomous), pallid,
w^atery white. Closely allied to L. ])iperatus, differing in
certain points, more especially in the broader, arcuate,
somewhat distant gills. The milk sometimes becomes pale
sulphur-colour when the flesh is broken, but soon changes
to w^hite. (Fries.)
Pileus 4-7 in. broad more or less infundibuliform, the
whole surface minutely but densely tomentose ; white, firm,
fleshy ; margin at first involute. Milk w^hite, acrid. Gills
white, narrow (but occasionally broad and brittle, like A.
exsuccus), distant, forked, connected by veins, at length
slightly buff or yellowish, rufescent after being bruised.
Stem 1 in. high, 2 in. thick, blunt, rather less downy than
the pileus, solid. (Berk.)
LACTARIUS. 19
Lactarius (Piper.) scoticus. B. & Br.
Pallid-white. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh about 1 line
thick, firm; soon becoming almost plane, adpressedly tomen-
tose, then smooth except the involute margin ; gills very
slightly decurrent, tliin, about 1 lino broad, scarcely
branched ; stem about 1 in. long, 3 lines thick, slightl}^
curved, smooth, tinged flesh-colour, solid ; milk white,
unchangeable, very acrid ; spores subglobose, with an
apiculus, minutely echinulate, 7-8 fx ; smell pungent.
Lactarius scoticus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1783;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 311; Cke., Illustr., pi. 100-Ib.
Among moss.
Distinguished from X. involutus, the only other species
with which it can be confounded, by the much broader gills,
larger spores, and tinted stem.
Lactarius (Piper.) involutus. Soppitt.
Every part white or with a very slight ochraceous tinge.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh about 1 J line thick, equal up to
the margin, compact, rigid; convex soon becoming plane or
slightly depressed, margin strongly and persistently invo-
lute, extreme edge minutely silky, remainder even and
glabrous ; gills very slightly decurrent, densely crowded,
not J a line broad, sometimes forked ; stem -|-1 in. long,
2-3 lines thick, equal, or slightly thickened at the base,
glabrous, even, solid, very firm ; milk white, unchangeable,
not scanty, very hot; spores obliquely elliptical, smooth,
5 X 3 /x.
Lactarius involutus, Soppitt, Cke., Hdbk., p. 380 ; Cke.,
niustr., pi. 1194.
On the ground in woods.
Very firm and rigid, resembling in habit L. vellereus in
miniature. Most nearly allied to L. scoticus, but known at
once by the exceedingly narrow, densel}^ crowded gills and
the smooth, elliptical spores.
II. DAPETES.
Lactarius (Dap.) deliciosus. Fr.
Every part becoming stained with dingy green when
bruised or old. Every part abounding with a saffron-red
C 2
20 FUNGUS-FLORA.
sweet scented, acrid milk. Pilaus 3-5 in. across, flesli thick
convex then exjianded and depressed, viscid, glabrous, dingy
orange-red, zoned, margin incurved ; gills decurrent, narrow,
saffron-colour becoming pale ; stem 1-3 in. long, up to 1 in.
thick, often narrowed at the base, expanding into the flesh
of the pileus, smooth, usually paler than the pileus, stuffed
then hollow; spores echinulate, 9-10 X 7-8 /x.
Lactarms deliciosus, Fries, Ej)icr.j p. 341 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
311 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 982.
Under firs, &c.
Edible. According to Fries the pileus is sometimes grey
and not zoned. In Comm. Crypt. Ital., iii. p. 174, a violet
variety is mentioned.
Gregarious, sometimes subcaespitose. Pileus 4 in. or
more broad, zoned, orange-rufous, dull as if it were the
remains of a minute very closely pressed dirty white web,
hemispherical when young, in which state the margin is
decidedly involute and tomentose, at length expanded, de-
pressed, fleshy. The whole plant abounding with orange
milk and when bruised or old stained with green. Gills
decurrent, from the first of the same colour as the pileus,
forked at the base, rather broad and distant. Spores white,
round. Stem 3 in. high, curved, stuffed, more or less
hollow, scrobiculate, strigose at the base. Odour and taste
agreeable, like that of Cantharellus cibarius, but slightly
acrid. From the account given by M. Roques, it should
seem that this Agaric, however delicious, is not always to be
eaten with impunity. I have always found the milk acrid.
(Berk.)
III. PUSSULAPJA.
* Viscidi.
Lactarius (Russ.) pallidus. Fr.
Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh thick, rather soft, pallid;
convex then expanded, umbilicate, viscid, glabrous, margin
broadly involute, pale ochraceous-tan, not zoned ; gills
slightly decurrent, crowded, about IJ line broad, rather
paler than the pileus, pruin':sc; stem li-2 in. long, up to
LACTARIUS. 21
I in. thick, equal, smooth, coloured like the pileus or paler,
firm, stuffed but soon hollow ; milk white, unchangeable,
mild ; spores 9-10 x 7-8 /^.
Ladarius pallidiis, Fries, Epicr., p. 343 ; Cke., Illustr., pi.
1007; Cke., Hdbk., p. 312.
In woods, especially beech.
Large, texture loose, size of L. deliciosus, but pallid tan-
colour, taste almost sweet. Stem somewhat equal, stuffed
then hollow, 2 in. and more long, about f in. thick, even,
glabrous ; pileus fleshy, convex, umbilicate, depressed,
obtuse, margin broadly and for a long time involute, 3-6 in.
across, glabrous, viscid, not zoned and like the stem pallid
flesh or clay-colour ; flesh pallid, milk white, unchangeable.
Gills somewhat decurrent, arcuate, lh-2 lines broad, rather
thin, crowded, somewhat branched, whitish then the colour
of the pileus. There is a form with the pileus becoming
tinged with fuscous. (Fries.)
Lactarius (Russ.) quietus. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh soft, rather thick, white at first,
but soon becoming reddish, as does also that of the stem ;
obtuse, depressed, often more or less waved or irregular,
viscid at first then dry and somewhat silk}^ dark reddish
cinnamon, becoming pale, indistinctly zoned,, opaque ; gills
slightly decurrent, somewhat forked, white then pale brick-
red ; stem about 2-3 in. long and J in. thick, glabrous,
reddish-cinnamon, base darker as a rule, stuffed ; milk white,
unchangeable, mild; spores echinulate, 8-10 x 6-7 /x.
Lactarius quietus, Fries, Epicr., p. 343 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 312 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 983.
In woods, &c.
Showy, soft, large, not truly stout and fleshy as in
L. pallidus, from which it is very distinct. Stem stuffed,
spongy, 2-3 in. long, ^ in. and more thick, glabrous, be-
coming rufescent and at length pretty rubiginous; pileus
fleshy, depressed, obtuse, margin deflexed, 3 in. broad,
glabrous, at first viscid, cinnamon flesh-colour, disc darker,
slightly zoned, soon dry, opaque, becoming pale like the gills
in colour; flesh white, becoming tinged rufescent, milk
white, sweet, unchangeable. Gills adnato-decurrent, some-
22 FUNGUS-FLORA.
what forked behind, 1^,-2 lines broad, white, soon brick-red
with a rufons tinge. (Fries.)
Margin of pileus delicately downy ; stem bearing strong
pressure without breaking, when old less firm. Odour oily,
and somewhat like that of bugs. (Berk.)
Pileus 2 in. or more broad, opaque, rufescent, often slightly
zoned, at first deep liver-coloured, obtuse, at length de-
pressed, smooth, the margin incurved and delicately downy.
Flesh thick, firm ; milk white, but sometimes of a decided
but pale yellow, the plant differing in no other respect.
Gills pale rufescent, gradually becoming darker, decurrent,
forked at the base, rather numerous, and narrow. Spores
white, round. Stem 2 in. long, |-i^ in. thick, thickest
upwards, of the same texture and colour as the pileus ; flesh
firm, bearing a strong pressure without breaking, when old
less firm but not hollow, mild ; odour oily and sometimes
like that of bugs. (Berk.)
Lactarius (Russ.) aurantiacus. Fr.
Pileus 1-2.1: in. across, convex then plane or depressed,
even, glabrous, rather viscid when moist, not zoned, golden
orange, not changing colour; flesh ^^allid; gills distinctly
decurrent ; thin, crowded, yellowish then ochraceous ; stem
stuffed up to 3 in. long and | in. thick, equal, even, glabrous,
coloured like the pileus; milk white, acrid; spores sub-
globose, echinulate, about 9 fx diameter.
Lactarius aurantiacus^ Fries, Epicr., p. 343 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 1099.
In woods among moss, &c.
Eemarkable for the very decurrent gills. L. volemus differs
from the present species in being much larger and more
robust, mealy stem, very slightly decurrent gills and
rivulose pileus. L. mitissimus diflers in the milk being
sweet, and the very slightly adnate gills. L. tlieogalus differs
in the milk becoming yellow.
Lactarius (Russ.) thejcgalus. Bull.
Pileus 1^-2^, in, across, convex when young, then de-
pressed, the centre at length infundibuliform, the thin
margin more or less bent down, even, glabrous, viscid,
LACTARIUS. 23
shining when dry, not zoned, tawny-rufons ; flesh whitish ;
gills adnato-deciirrent, about 1 line broad, thin, crowded,
pale then rufescent ; stem stuffed then hollow, equal, 1-2 in.
long, 2—4: lines thick, even, colour of the pileus ; spores
echinulate, subglobose, 7-8 ix diameter; milk white then
sulphur-colour, at length rather acrid.
Agaricus thejogalus, Bulliard, t. 567, fig. 2.
Ladarius thejogalus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 313.
In pine and other woods.
Inodorous. Fries mentions a form growing in pine woods
laving the pileus dry and zoneless, and the gills deep yellow.
Agrees with L. chrysorrlieus and L. capsicum in the yellow
milk, but differs from botli in the tawny-rufous stem.
Pileus 1-3 in. broad, buff, sometimes slightly tinged with
tawny, at first hemispherical, dimpled, at length depressed
more or less zoned; margin wavy, involute and minutely
downy when young ; flesh firm, crisp. Gills very slightly
decurrent, connected by veins, distant, by no means rigid,
salmon-coloured, slightly forked, about as broad as the flesh
of the pileus. Milk white, rather acrid, with a peculiar taste,
changing instantly on exposure to air to a delicate but
beautiful yellow, as does the whole plant when cut. Stem
1| in. high, -^-1 in. thick, at first nearly white, obese, paler
than the pileus, downy at the base, more or less hollow.
(Berk.)
Lactarius (Russ.) cremor. Fr.
Pileus rather fleshy, l-i-2J in. across, glabrous, viscid,
opaque, tawny, not zoned, remarkable for having the surface
minutely punctulate, convex then plane, somewhat obtuse,
often unequal and excentric; margin almost membranaceous,
at first inflexed, then striate, resembling a Hiissula ; flesh
thin, coloured like the pileus or paler ; gills adnate, rather
distant, 3 lines broad, fragile, pruinose, white then flesh-
colour ; stem about 1 J in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, even,
obsoletely silky above under a lens, coloured like the pileus,
or darker ; milk whitish, almost mild, often watery ; spores
globose, echinulate, 9-10 fx,
Lactarius cremor, Pries, Epicr., p. 343; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 313.
In- woods, especially beech.
24 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
Thin, fragile.
Var. pauper, Karsten, Syml)., x. 58; Cke., Illustr., pi.
1008.
Pileus up to 3 in. across, fleshy, soft, nearly plane, smooti,
zoneless, yellowish flesh-colour, ochraceous when dry, margin
membranaceous, at length sulcate; gills adnate, rather distant,
thin, soft, colour of the pileus; stem about 1 in. long, iTp to
f in. thick, equal, naked, smooth, paler than the pileus;
spores globose, echinulate, 10 /x diameter; flesh juiceless,
slowly becoming acrid, white.
Under larches, &c.
Lactarius (Russ.) vietus. Fr.
Pileus lh-2h iu. across, plane and somewhat papillate,
then somewhat infundibuliform, margin rather bent down,
even, glabrous, at first viscid, opaque, flesh-colour or livid-
grej'ish, rather silky when dry, becoming pale ; flesh
whitish ; gills adnato-decurrent, thin, somewhat crowded,
rather flaccid, scarcely a line broad, whitish, yellowish with
age ; stem attenuated upwards or almost equal, stuffed then
hollow, 2-3 lines thick, even, glabrous, dry, coloured like the
pileus; milk white then becoming greyish, slightly acrid;
spores 7-8 fx.
Lactarius vietus, Fries, Epicr., p. 344; Cke., Hdbk., p. 313.;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1009.
In woods.
Small, slender, soft, fragile. Pileus sometimes flexuous,
always truly slender. (Fries.)
Lactarius (Russ.) cyathula. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, umbo-
nate, then plane and depressed, umbo often disappearing,
viscid in moist weather, soon dry, always very opaque, even,
when growing rufous brick-red or flesh-colour, slightly
zoned, becoming pale when dr}^ then livid or pinkish-buff,
hoary-tan, &c., minutely cracked and rivulose ; flesh white
with a pink tinge; gills decurrent, very much crowded,
thin, scarcely 1 line broad, pinky-white, then yellowish;
stem about 2 in. long, 1-5 lines thick, equal, round, even,
glabrous, becoming pale and at length whitish, stuffed;
spores globose, 6-8 /x; milk white, unchangeable, acrid.
LACTARIUS. 25
Ladarius cyathula, Fries, Epicr., p. 344; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 313 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 1009b, and 1085.
On damp ground under birches, &c,
Growing in troops, generally very slender and small, but
mixed with larger, firmer, and darker specimens. Allied to
L. vietus, but distinguished by its size and slender build ;
milk white and unchangeable when the gills are wounded ;
smell at first scarcely evident ; but strong and like bugs
when half dry. (Fries.)
** Impoliti.
Lactarius (Russ.) rufus. Scop.
Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh rather thin, pallid; umbonate
when young, soon depressed and at length infundibuliform,
the umbo persistent at base of the depression, entirely
zoneless, dry, floccosely silky at first but soon polished,
glabrous, rather polished and shining, rufous-baj', rufous-
cinnamon when old ; margin incurved and covered with
whitish down when young ; gills adnately decurrent,
crowded, about Ij line broad, scarcely branched, ochraceous
then pale rufous ; stem 2-3 in. long, about J in. thick, equal,
rufescent, but paler than the pileus, base with white down,
indistinctly pruinose or quite glabrous, stuffed, rather
fragile ; milk white, unchangeable, intensely acrid ; spores
echinulate, 9 x 7 /x.
Lactarius rufus, Scopoli, Cam., ii. 451 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 314 ;
Cke., Illustr,, pi. 985.
In dry pine woods.
Diff'ers from every other species included in the section
Eussulares in the margin being clothed with whitish down
and incurved when young. The pileus although minutely
flocculose at first, is soon glabrous and shining. A small
form of the present species often very much resembles L. suh-
dulcis, from which it is distinguished by the very acrid taste.
Lactarius (Russ.) helvus. Fr.
Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, fragile, convex then expanded,
somewhat umbonate, the entire surface broken up into
granule-like floccose squamules, brick-red with a yellow
tinge, becoming pale ; gills decurrent, crowded, often
forking, 1-1 J line broad, fragile, whitish at first then tinged
26 FUNGUS-FLOE A.
flesli-colour, at length yellowisli ; stem 2-3 in. long, J in.
thick or more, equal, brick-red then pallid, everywhere
slightly pruinose, base downy, stuffed then hollow, firm;
spores subglobose, echinulate, 8-9 /a; milk white, scanty,
usually sweet.
Lactarms liehus. Fries, Epicr., p. 347; Cke., Hdbk., p. 314;
Cke., lUustr., p. 994.
Damp mossy places in woods.
Frequently in swamps, the milk is then watery and not
coloured (like w^ater), but in the tj'pical form the milk is
Avhite and scanty; smell weak, rather sweet, taste usually
sweet. (Fries.)
L. fomentosus differs in the naked stem.
Lactarius (Russ.) tomentosus. Otto.
Pileus 3 in. and more across, flesh thick, white then tinged
brown ; umbonate at first then depressed or infundibuliform,
downy, dingy flesh-colour, rufescent, or brownish ; gills
slightly decurrent, yellowish with a tinge of red, 1^2 lines
broad ; stem 2 in. long, h in. and more thick, erect, stuffed,
then hollow, pallid, naked, smooth ; milk w^hitish, mild ;
spores 8-9 /i. diameter.
Lactarius tomentosus^ Otto, in Krombh., Schwamme, vi. p. 7 ;
Cke., lllustr., pL 1010; Cke., Hdbk., p. 314.
On the ground in swamps, &c.
Pileus woolly, milk white, slightly acrid. (Cooke.)
Lactarms (Russ.) mammosus. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick, acutely umbonate,
becoming depressed, dry, pale greenish-grey, not zoned,
covered with interwoven grey down ; gills adnate, crowded,
narrow, white, then tinged with brown ; stem 2-3 in. long,
h in. and more thick, downy, pallid, often with a tinge of
pink, stuffed then hollow ; milk persistently white, slowly
becoming acrid ; spores 8-9 /x.
Lactarius mammosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 347 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 314 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 995.
In woods.
Firm, inodorous. Stem pallid white, short, stout. Pileus
convex at first, acutely umbonate, umbo at length disappear-
ing, depressed, covered everywhere with depressed down,
about 2 in. across, greyish-fuscous, margin at first incurved
LACTARIUS. 27
and covered with white down. Gills decnrrent, narrow (1-2
lines) whitish, then pale ferruginous. (Fries.)
Lactarius (Russ.) glyciosmus. Fr.
Strong scented. Pileus Ih-^h in. across, flesh up to 1 lino
thick ; convex then plane, umbonate, dry, lurid, greyish, or
brownish, opaque, squamulose; gills somewhat decurrent,
crowded, about 1 line bro id, yellowish then pale ochraceous ;
stein about 1 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, downy, pallid, stuffed ;
milk white, unchangeable, mild at lirst, becoming slightly
acrid; spores subglobose, size variable, G-10 /x.
Lactarius glyciosmuSj Fries, Epicr., p. 348 ; Cke., Ildbk., p.
315.
In woods, especially pine.
Var. flexuosus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 434; Cke., lUustr.,
pi. 1011.
Pileus even, silky at first, umbilicate or depressed, flexuous,
more or less zoned ; stem imperfectly hollow, often elon-
gated ; rest as in typical form.
Smell pungent, like spirit-of-wine ; rigid, fragile, small ;
stem almost equal, 1-2 in. long, 2-4 lines thick, even,
pubescent, yellowish, becoming tawny when bruised, some-
times almost silvery-white, especially at the apex. Pileus
convex then almost plane, papillate, then depressed and the
papilla disappearing, 1-2 in. broad, slightly innately squa-
mulose or unpolished, opaque, greyish brick-red, brownish,
often with a faint violet tinge, not zoned ; flesh white ; gills
arcuate or almost plane, adnato-decurrent, J-l-J line broad,
thin, often connected by branches, straw-colour then ochra-
ceous; milk white, sometimes unchangeable, sometimes
with a slight yellowish green tinge, but not discolouring
the gills.
The stem is sometimes elongated, pileus at first silky, even,
also umbilicate, wavy, zoned.
A very distinct species, approaching L. vietiis in habit, but
quite distinct in the absolutely dry pileus, very crowded,
ochrey straw-coloured gills not becoming spotted when
bruised, smell, &c. (Fries.)
Lactarius (Russ.) fuliginosus. Fr.
Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thick in the centre and gradu-
28 FUXGUS-FLOEA.
ally "becoming thinner towards the margin, rather compact,
then soft, flattened, rather wavy, often irregular, margin
inflexed at first, then [spreading and wavy, at first even,
whitish-tan, zoneless, powdered with innate, sooty down,
rather velvety to the touch, hardish, somewhat shiny when
moist, at length naked, with a pellicle, here and there
slightly rugulose, livid-yellowish or fawn-colour with a
brick-red tinge, disc sometimes changing to brownish ; gills
at first rounded behind and adnexed, soon decurrent, 1-3
lines broad, rather thin, somewhat distant, white then
yellowish-ochre, branched and connected by veins; stem
about 3 in. long 3-5 lines thick, about equal, stuffed, even
or at length very slightly rugulose, glabrous, white, then
dingy, tan-colour, almost brick-red, or sooty ; spores pale
ochraceous, subglobose, minutely echinulate, 8-9 [x diameter ;
milk white, changing to saff"ron, mild at first, soon slightly
acrid.
L act arius full ginosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 348; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 315 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 996.
In woods.
Eather firm, somewhat elastic ; the broken flesh with the
milk ranges from white, through rose-colour, to saff'ron;
taste mild at first, soon becoming acrid, but after a time,
and in adult specimens, sweet and pleasant. Milk some-
times persistently white, and at others thin and watery.
(Fries.)
Lactarius (Russ.) picinus. Fr.
Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh rather thin, firm, pallid,
convex then flattened, umbonate, orbicular, zoneless, dry,
even, everywhere downy or somewhat velvety at first, down
innate, not depressed or silky, then the disc becomes glabrous
and the surface quite unbroken (not rivulosely flocculose nor
squamulose), umber or blackish-umber ; gills adnate, very
much crowded, very thin, straight, plane, ochraceous ; stem
2-3 in. long, up to ^ in. thick, equal, even, glabrous, paler
than the pileus ; spores subglobose, pale ochraceous, minutely
echinulate, 9-10 /x diam. ; milk acrid, white, unchangeable.
Lactarius picinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 348 ; Cke., Illustr., pi.
997.
In dried up turfy swamps under pines, &c.
LACTAEIUS. 29
Rigid, regular in form, milk acrid, white, imcliangeable.
(Fries.)
Readily distinguished amongst the species with a dark,
minutely velvety pileus, by the acrid, persistently white
milk.
Lactarius (Russ.) ligniotus. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thinner than the breadth of the
gills, and like that of the stem, changing slowly when
broken from white through ochraceous to saffron or rust-
colour ; convex then expanded, and subdepressed margin at
first incurved then arched and drooping, umbonate, marked
with radial folds or wrinkles, pruinosely velvety then almost
glabrous, zoneless, remarkably dry, very opaque, sooty-
umber ; gills at first rounded, behind and adnexed, then
somewhat decurrent, 1 line and more broad, thin, rather
crowded, almost snow-white when young, then whitish
ochre, reddish when wounded ; stem 3-5 in. long, somewhat
ventricose up to f in. thick at the centre, J at the apex,
stuffed, corticated, apex constructed and plicate, pruinosely
velvety, coloured like the pileus, but the base whitish ;
spores pale ochraceous, subglobose, minutely echinulate,
9-10 jx diameter; milk scanty, sweet, pleasant, changing,
like the flesh, through reddish, to saffron.
Lactarius ligniotus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 177.
Among moss in damp places under fir trees, &c.
Smell almost none. Allied to L. fuliginosus, but distin-
guished by the stem being distinctly pruinosely velvety,
whereas in the last-named species it is glabrous, and also by
the persistently velvety, smoky-umber, radially wrinkled
pileus.
Lactarius (Russ.) retisporus. Mass.
Pileus 2-3J in. across, convex then plane and with the
disc depressed, dark smok} -brown, minutely velvety, radi-
ally rugulose from disc to margin ; flesh nearly J in. thick
at the centre, only slightly thinner towards the margin ;
gills subdistant, ^ in. broad, deeply sinuate and slightly
adnexed, intermediate ones numerous, pale ochraceous with
darker spots ; stem 1 J-2 in. long, | in. thick, equal, solid,
80 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
even, glabrous, rather paler than the pileus, flesh like that
of pileus dingy yellow, becoming reddish brown when cut ;
spores colourless, globose, with raised bands forming a
network, 10 /x diameter; milk white then brown, sweet,
becoming very thick and tenacious.
On the ground under beech-trees. Fairmead, Epping
Forest, Oct. 1888.
The present species is allied to, and superficially resembles
Lactarius picimis, L. fuligiiiosus, and L. ligniotus. All are
about the same size and have the pileus of a smoky -brown
colour. The following analysis indicates their most pro-
nounced distinctive features.
A. Pileus velvety.
L. retisporus. Pileus radially rugulose ; gills rather
distant ; milk sweet, white then brownish ; spores
with a network of raised lines.
X, ligniotus. Pileus radially rugulose ; milk sweet, white
then saffron- colour ; spores minutely echinulate.
L. picinus. Pileus even ; gills much crowded ; milk acrid,
persistently white ; spores minutely warted.
B. Pileus not velvety.
L. fuliginosiis.
Lactarius (Russ.) lilacinus. Lasch.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thick, convex then de-
pressed, sometimes with a central small papillose umbo,
rosy-lilac, not zoned, granulose, floccose when dry; gills
adnate or slightly decurrent, rather distant, about 1 line
broad, pallid with a tinge of pink; milk acrid, white,
unchangeable, spores subglobose with an apiculus, echinu-
late, 7 /x diam. ; stem about 1 in. long, 2 lines thick, pallid,
sprinkled with a white bloom, stuffed then hollow.
Lactarius lilacinus, Lasch, Linnaea, iii. n. 78 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 315; Cke., Illustr., pi. 998a.
In damp woods.
; Fragile ; milk copious.
LACTARIUS. 31
Lactarius (Russ.) spinulosus. Quel.
Pileus about Ih in. across, flesh rather thin, depressed,
umbo acute; clad, especially towards the margin with
minute erect spines, often zoned and spotted, flesh-colour,
brick-red, or rosy -lilac ; gills decurrent, narrow, thin, yellow
flesh-colour, at length yellowish; stem 1-1 ^ in. long, 2-3
lines thick, flexuous, rugose, granulated, fragile, shining,
coloured like the j)iiGus, then paler, hollow ; milk white,
peppery. ^
Lactarius spinulosus, Quelet, Champ. Korm., t. 8, f. 10 ;
Cke., lidbk., p. 316.
On the ground.
Var. violaceus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 316: Cke., Illustr., pi.
998b.
Pileus rosy-violet, margin incurved; stem pale, almost
smooth, stufied.
On the ground. The typical form has not occurred in
this country.
*** Glahrati.
Lactarius (Russ.) volemus. Fr.
Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh thick, white, often tinged with
brown under the cuticle, rigid ; jDlane or more or less de-
pressed, obtuse, dry, golden-tawny, at length becoming
minutely broken up with cracks ; gills decurrent, crowded,
2-3 lines broad, white then yellowish ; stem 2-3 in. long,
up to 1 in. thick at the apex, even, coloured like the
pileus and slightly pruinose, solid ; milk copious, white,
unchangeable, mild ; spores 5-6 /x diameter.
Lactarius volemus, Fries, Epicr., p. 344 ; Cke., Hdbk,, p.
316; Cke., Illustr., j)l. 999.
In woods.
Allied to L. quietus, but distinguished by the brighter
colour of pileus and stem, and white flesh.
Stem stout, hard, solid, nearly equal or attenuated upward,
2-2|^ in. long, f-l^ in. thick, even, pruinose. Pileus com-
pact, rigid, obtuse, plano-convex, margin at first incurved,
at length depressed, 3 in. and more broad, even, becoming
rimosely rivulose, dry, and like the stem, rufous-tawny
32 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
with a golden sheen, zoneless, becoming pale. Gills adnato-
decurrent, 1-2 lines broad, thin, crowded, yellowish-white.
Large and very robust, and in this respect approaching
Bussula. Yery delicious, also pleasant when raw, celebrated
as an edible fungus from ancient times. (Fries.)
Pileus 4 in. broad, flesh thickish, moderately firm, obtuse,
minutely umbonate, though the umbo at length vanishes,
subdepressed, sometimes very faintly zoned, with a few
minute wrinkles towards the margin, dry at length cracked,
of a rich orange brown darker in the centre, the whole rather
dull than shining, margin not the least involute, though
when young the edge of the pileus is regularly incurved.
Milk white, abundant, not acrid, quite mild. Gills pale
ochraceous, becoming fuscous on being touched, not very
close, scarcely decurrent, even in depressed specimens, some-
times slightly forked. Spores white, round. Stem 2J-3J
in. high, above 1 in. thick, obese, minutely attenuated
downwards, sculptured longitudinally, paler than the centre
of the pileus ; it bears a strong compression without giving
way, but it is spongy in the centre, outer flesh reddish.
(Berk.)
Lacterius (Russ.) ichoratus. Batsch.
Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thin ; rigid then soft, obtuse,
plane or depressed, often unequal, excentric, sometimes
wavy, even (not pruinose), very dry, opaque, tawny-brick-
red, disc often brown, zoned with brick-red. Flesh pallid ;
gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, scarcely crowded, white
then ochraceous, never spotted; stem lJ-3 in. long, 3-5
lines thick, even, glabrous, at first tawny then rufescent,
solid, equal or fusiform; spores 8-10 x 6-7 jx; milk white,
sweet, unchangeable.
Lactarius ichoratus, Batsch, fig. 60 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 316 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1000.
In woods.
Allied to L. volemus, but more slender ; very close to L.
tithymalinus (not British), very compact when young, then
softer, with an evident smell. (Fries.)
Lactarius (Russ.) serifluus. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, plane then depressed,
often waved, dry, glabrous, tawny-brown, margin incurved ;
LACTARIUS. ; 33
gills slightly decurrent, crowded, yellowish, 1-1^ lino broad;
stem 1— If in. long, 2-3 lines thick, rather curved near the
base, coloured like the pilens or paler, solid ; milk scanty,
rather insipid, the colour of serum or whey ; spores subglo-
bose, echinulate, 7-8 fx.
Lactarius serifcuus, Fries, Epicr., p. 34:5 ; Cke., IIdbk.>
p. 317; Cke., Illustr., 1012.
In damp places on the ground.
Allied to L. suhdulcis, but is altogether smaller and more
slender, stem solid, and smaller spores. Fries states that
the milk is dilute and watery when growing in damp places.
Lactarius (Russ.) mitissimus. Fr.
Pilens 1-3 in. across, flesh thin, rather rigid; convex and
papillate then depressed, and the papilla usually disappear-
ing, glabrous, rather glutinous when moist, not zoned, bright
tawny-orange, shining ; flesh pallid ; gills slightly decurrent,
slightly arcuate then straight, 1-1 ^ line broad, thin, crowded,
a little paler than the pileus, often stained with small
brownish spots ; stem 1-3 in. long, ^-^ in. thick, even,
glabrous, coloured like the pileus, stuffed then hollow ;
spores 6-8 X 5-6 fx ; milk white, unchangeable, mild.
Lactarius mitissimus, Fries, Epicr., p. 345; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 317; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1001.
In woods, &c.
Slender ; closely allied to L. suhdulcis, distinguished by
the copious white milk, sweet, then slightly acrid, and espe-
cially by the bright, shining, golden-tawny colour of the
pileus and stem. (Fries.)
L. aurantiacus differs in having acrid milk.
Lactarius (Russ.) subdulcis. Fr.
Pileus J-2J in. across, flesh thin, papillate, at length de-
pressed, even, glabrous, zoneless, rufous-cinnamon or bay
when dry; gills adnate, paler than the pileus, crowded,
about lJ-2 lines broad; stem more or less rufous, lJ-2 in.
long, stuffed then hollow, minutely pruinose ; milk white, not
changing colour, at first sweet, then with a trace of acridity ;.
spores globose, rough, 10 /x diameter.
Lactarius suhdulcis, Fries, Epicr., p. 345 ; Cke., Hdbk
p. 317; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1002.
VOL. III. D
34 FUNGUS-FLOE.A.
In woods.
Pileus ba}", rufous, cinnamon, &c., not becoming pale.
Gills sometimes dark rusty-rufous, sometimes pale. Flesh
with a rufous tinge, compact, thin. (Fries.)
Variable. All the forms agree in being slender, stem
equal, even, glabrous; pileus even, glabrous, dvj, zoneless,
rufescent ; gills rather rigid, crowded, somewhat rufescent;
taste almost mild: milk white, unchaugeable.
Typical form. In woods. Stem stuffed then hollow, 1-2 in.
long, 2-4 lines thick, somewhat pruinose and papillose;
pileiis papillose, convex then depressed, 2-3 in. across, even,
glabrous, polished, rufous-cinnamon; gills fragile, pallid,
somewhat rufous. Taste sweet, then a little acrid and
bitter.
Var. concavus^ Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 181.
Colours exactly those of Lactarius rufus, rufous-bay, gills
sometimes a little darker; stem short, 1-1 J in. long, 2--4 lines
thick, stuffed, spongy, glabrous ; pileus thin, flesh scarcely
as thick as breadth of gills, 1-2 in. across, papillate,
concave-depressed, marginal limb narrow, thin, inflexed,
even, glabrous, opaque ; gills decurrent, slightly ventricose
and arcuate, 1 line and more broad, thin, crowded, at first
pale brick-red, then the colour of the pileus, dark, very
pruinose. Taste mild.
Swamps and damp places in fields, &c.
Var. sphagneti, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 181.
Eemarkable. Pretty. Stem hollow, very glabrous. Pileus
obtuse, depressed, very glabrous, shining as if varnished, red-
bay, margin inflexed, elegantly crenate. Gills pallid. (Fries.)
Lactarius (Russ.) camphoratus. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, tinged brown, as is also
that of the stem ; more or less depressed, sometimes with a
slight umbo, dry, glabrous, brown with a brick-red tinge,
indistinctly zoned; gills adnate or with a suggestion of
being decurrent; about IJ line broad, crowded, pale brick-
red with a yellow tinge ; stem about 1 in. long and 2 lines
thick, slightly curved, coloured like the pileus, stuffed ; milk
persistently white, mild; spores subglobose, 8-9 fx; smell
strong and fragrant, especially when dry.
LACTAEIUS. 35
Lactarius campTioratus, Fries, Epicr., p. 346; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 317; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1013a.
In woods.
Clearly distinguished from allied species by the strong
fragrant smell resembling melilot, which develops during
drying, and persists for a long time in the dried specimen.
Var. terrei, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1673; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 317.
Pileus about h in. across, baj'-brown, corrugated, de-
pressed ; stem hollow, thickened at the base, of the same
colour as the pileus, clad with orange down ; gills decurrent,
pallid.
On the ground.
Caespitose, smell sweet.
Lactarius (Russ.) cimicarius. Batsch.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thick, tinged with
brown, as is also that of the stem ; plane then depressed or
infundibuliform, margin usually waved and lobed, smooth,
even, dark bay-brown; gills slightly decurrent, IJ- line
broad, dingy ochraceous with a red tinge ; stem about 1 in.
long, 2 lines thick, smooth, paler than the pileus, more or
less hollow ; milk persistently white, acrid ; spores 7-8 /x ;
smell strong and unpleasant.
Lactarius cimicarius, Batsch, fig. 69 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 318 ;
Cke., niustr., pi. 1013.
In woods.
The smell is strong, heavy, and oily, and is said to re-
semble bugs. When dried the smell soon disappears. Dis-
tinguished from L. camplwratus by the acrid milk and the
strong unpleasant smell when fresh. The last character
also separates the present species from L. suhdulcis.
Lactarius (Russ.) subumbonatus. Lindgr.
Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc,
very thin elsewhere, grey then yellowish ; convex, with a
small umbo, becoming depressed, often undulate and wavy,
rugose, pitted, dark cinnamon-colour ; gills adnate, not 1 line
broad, rufous flesh-colour ; stem up to 1 in. long, 1 J line
thick, base thinner, smooth, even, coloured like the pileus,
stufi'ed; spore subglobose, 5-6 fx; milk persistently white,
mild.
D 2
86 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Lactarius suhumhonaius, Lindgr., Bot. Not., 1845; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 318; Cke., Illustr., i± 986a.
On the ground.
Stem usually thinner at the hase, curved, sometimes
excentric. (Fries.)
Odourless when fresh, but with a strong unpleasant smeP
when dry. X. camplwratus differs in having a pleasant smelj
like melilot when dry, also scentless when fresh. L. cimi-
carius differs in the absence of an umbo, in having an un-
pleasant smell resembling bugs when fresh, but without
smell when dried.
Lactarius (Russ.) obnubilus. Lasch.
Pileus about 1 in. across, rather fleshy; convex and usuallj
papillate at first then rather broadly umbilicate, glabrous
slightly striate, zoneless, sooty-brown ; margin slightly
arched; gills narrowed behind, adnexed, rather crowded,
becoming yellowish at maturity; stem 1-1 J in. long, 2-3
lines thick, slightly thickened at the base, smooth, even,
stuffed then hollow, paler than the pileus; spore globose,
echimilate, 8 ft, ; milk persistently white, slightly acrid.
Lactarius ohnuhilus, Lasch, Linn., n. 71 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 318; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1014a.
In woods.
Differs from L. fuJiginosus in the milk remaining persist-
ently white ; from L. picinus in the pileus not beiDg velvety ;
and from L. retisporus in the spores not being reticulated.
The present is also much smaller than either of the above.
Var. crenatus^ Massee.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex then depressed, sooty-brown,
coarsely and regularly sulcate, which causes the margin to
be crenate ; fiesh thin ; gills rather close, yellowish, broadly
adnate with a tendency to become decurrent; stem aboui
1 in. long, \ in. thick, equal, solid at first, becoming im-
perfectly hollow, smooth, even, paler than the pileus, usualh
incurved at the base; spores globose, minutely warted,
7-8 fjL diam., cystidia absent ; milk persistently white, verj
slightly acrid.
On the ground in fir woods.
Possessing many points in common with L. ohmihiliis, but
Tery distinct at least as a variety in the coarsely sulcate
RUSSULA. 37
margin, besides being altogether a larger and more robust
form.
Lactarius (Russ.) minimus. W. G. Sm.
Pileus about h in. across, fleshy at the disc ; convex and
somewhat unibonate, cxcentric, smooth, even, margin in-
curved, pallid tan or pallid ; gills slightly decurrent, distant,
arcuate, pallid; stem up to | in, long, 1 line thick, coloured
like the i)ileus, solid ; spores globose, echinulate, o-i /x ; milk
copious, white, mild.
Lactarius minimus, W. G. Smith, Journ. Bot. 1873, p, 205;
Cke., Illnstr., pi. 986b.; Cke., Ildbk., p. 318.
In pastures and woods.
Distinguished by its small size.
ly. PLEUROPUS.
Lactarius (Pleur.) obliquus. Fr.
Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc,
margin thin; plane then depressed, oblique, lobed, silky, white
then yellowish, more or less zoned with grey, even ; gills
very slightly decurrent, crowded, about 1^ line broad, white ;
stem about 1 in. long, rather excentric, curved, 2 lines thick,
even, coloured like the j^ileus; spores globose, echinulate,
6 fx ; milk white.
Lactarius ohliquus, Fries, Epicr., p. 348 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 319; Cke., Illustr., pi. 101-Ib.
On trunks, banks, &c.
Caespitose, slender, fragile, smell strong, pileus deformed.
(Fries.)
In Cooke's figure the gills are dingy yellow, and the
pileus without zones.
RUSSULA. Fries, (figs. I, 2, 3, p. 3.)
Pileus regular, rigid, usually becoming more or less de-
pressed ; gills rigid, fragile owing to the trama being com-
posed of large spherical cells, edge thin and acute ; stem
central, stout, rigid ; veil entirely absent ; spores subglobose,
minutely verruculose or echinulate, white or yellow.
38 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
Bussula, Fries, Epicr., p. 349 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 319.
A very distinct genus, closely allied to Lactarius, but dis-
tinguished by tbe absence of milk. As in Lactarius, the
flesh and gills of species included in the present genus are
replete with anastomosing laticiferous cells, the free ends of
which often project as cystidia between the other elements
of the hymenium ; the dense, granular latex does not flow
from the cells when broken, hence the absence of milk.
The flesh (due to the latex) is very acrid or hot in some
species, mild in others, and as this character is constant
when develojDed under normal conditions, has been utilised
in the following grouping of species. In a few species the
taste is mild at fiist, but becomes slightly acrid after re-
maining in the mouth for a short time; in others the
acridity is realised at once !
The sjDecies included in the present genus are by many
considered as passing all understanding, but I consider the
white s^^ecies of Clitocyhe much more diflicult in that respect.
The sections proposed by Fries overlaj) to such an extent
as to render them almost useless ; hence I have ventured on
a new distribution of species. It may be urged against this
scheme that allied species are widely separated ; possibly so,
but I consider the primary use of a purely systematic
work is to enable the student to identify species correctly ;
and as affinities cannot possibly be indicated in serial order
on a plane surface, the loss is not great.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.
Sect. I. Taste Mild. (Or in some species mild at first,
and becoming slowly acrid when kept in the mouth for some
time.)
* Gills ochraceous.
** Gills pale or bright yellow; without an ochraceous
tinge.
*** Gills white or creamy- white ; never yellow nor ochra-
ceous, but sometimes becoming blackish with age.
RUSSULA. 39
•\ Pileus white or cream-colour at first ; becoming blackish,
or brownish-black with age.
If Pileus clear yellow.
ff f Pileus green or olive.
ffff Pileus red of various shades, purple, brownish-
orange ; sometimes with more or less green intermixed.
Sect. II. Taste Aciud. Always so from the first.
* Gills yellow or ochraceous.
f Pileus yellowish or ochraceous.
If Pileus red or purplish.
** Gills white or creamy- white; never with "a distinct
yellow or ochraceous tinge.
f Pileus ochraceous or umber.
f f Pileus red or purplish.
Sect. I. TASTE MILD.
* Gills ochraceous.
Russula alutacea. Fr.
Mild. Pileus 2-4: in. across, flesh rather thin, snow-white ;
campanulate then convex, at length expanded and somewhat
iimbilicate, even, with a distinct viscid pellicle, usually
deep blood-red, sometimes blackish-purple, but becoming
pale, especially at the disc ; gills at first free, thick, very
broad, connected by veins, all equal, rather distant, at first
pale yellow, then deep ochraceous, not pulverulent ; stem
solid, stout, equal, 2 in. long, even, white, often variegated
with red ; sometimes purple ; spores, 7-9 ^ ; taste mild.
Bussula alutacea^ Fries, Epicr., p. 362 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 336; Cke., lUustr., pi. 1096 and 1097.
In woods, especially beech.
40 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Large, usually sLowy, taste mild and pleasant ; at length;
truly soft and very fragile. Known from B. Integra by the
gills not being powdery with the spores. (Fries.)
Gills very broad, up to | in., deep ochraceous tan when
fully developed ; never powdery with the spores, a cha-
racter which at once separates the present species from
JR. integra, the only one with which it can be confounded.
Pileus very variable in colour; deep blood-red, clear rose-
colour, dark-purple, greenish, olive, &c.
Pileus 3 in. broad, fleshy, smooth, viscid when moist^
depressed, margin at first even, more or less furrowed and
tubercled when old ; j^ink, livid, olive, &c. Gills broad,
equal, sometimes slightly forked, ventricose, free, connected
by veins. S23ores yellow. Stem Ij in. long, 1 in. thick,
blunt, surface longitudinally Avrinkled or grooved, solid,,
spongy within, smooth, white, sometimes yellow. Tastes
mild, pleasant, acrid when old. (Berk.)
Russula Integra. Fr.
Mild. Pileus 4-5 in. acro.^s, flesh rather thin, white ;
convex then expanded and depressed ; cuticle separable,,
viscid ; margin thin, at length coarsely striate and tubercu-
lose ; colour variable, of various shades of red or green ;
gills almost free, veiy broad, up to | in., equal, rather distant ;
white then pale yellow, powdery with the ochraceous-
spores; stem about 2 in. long, up to 1 in. thick, nearly- even,,
often more or less swollen in the middle, or ventricose,.
white, stuffed: spores pale ochraceous, echinulate, 9-10 /x.
diameter ; cystidia absent.
Bussula mtcgra, Fries, Epicr., p. 3G0 ; Cke., Hdbk.^
p. 334; Cke., lllustr., pi. 1034 and 1093.
In woods.
Agreeing in many points with M. alutacea, but distin-
guished by the much paler yellow gills being powdered
with the spores at maturity.
Taste mild, but often astringent. The most variable of
all species especially in the colour of the j^ileus, which is-,
tj'pically red, but also verging on bluish, bay, olive, &c.
The essential points are as follows. Stem spongily-stuff'ed,
usually stout, at first short, conical, then clavate or ventri-
cose, about 3 in. long, clear white. Pileus fleshy, campanu-
KUSSULA. dl
lately convex then expanded and depressed, fragile when
adult, with a viscid pellicle, losing its colour, margin at.
length sulcate and somewhat tuberculose; flesh white,
sometimes yellowish upwards. Gills almost free, very
broad, equal or bifid near the base, rather distant, con-
nected by veins, pallid white then yellow; pulverulent with
the somewhat ochraceous spores, a character by which the
jiresent species is readily known. Gills sometimes quite-
sterile, and hence remaining persistently white. (Fries.)
Var. alba, Cke., Hdbk., p. 335 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 109-i.
Whole fungus except the gills of a creamy white.
In woods.
Russula nauseosa. Fr.
Smell strong, unpleasant. Taste mild. Pileus about 1^.
in. across, flesh thin, expanded and slightly gibbous, then
depressed or infundibuliform, viscid, colour variable, usually
dingy purple or lilac, disc darker, sometimes tinged dingy
yellow; margin very thin, coarsely striate; gills slightly
adnexed, ventricose, rather distant, yellow then dingy ochra-
ceous; stem 1-1 2" in. long, 3-5 lines thick, slightly wrinkled
longitudinally, white, stuffed; sjDores 8-9 fx diameter.
Russula nauseosa. Fries, Epicr., p. 363 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 338 ;■
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1147; 10G3b.
In woods.
Agrees with R. nitida in the strong smell, but distin-
guished by the rather distant, dingy ochraceous gills and
spores.
In woods, especially pine. Taste mild but the smell",
nauseous. Stem spongy, stuffed, short, about 1 in. long,.
4 lines thick, slightly striate, white. Pileus thin, at first
plane-gibbous, then depressed, viscid in moist weather^
margin sulcate and tuberculose. Colour variable, disc typi-
cally purplish, then livid, but becoming pale and often
whitish. Flesh soft, white. Gills adnexed, ventricose^
rather distant, with shorter intermediate ones, yellow, then
dingy ochraceous. (Fries.)
Var. flavida, Cke., Illustr., pi. 11 02a.
Pileus pale clear primrose-yellow, stem hollow; strong-
scented.
On the ground.
42 FUNGUS-FLOKA.
Var. pulchralis^ Cke., Hdbk., p. 336 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. lOOoA.
jRussula pulch'cdis, Britzel., Sudb., f. 13.
Pileus viscifl, ochraceous, disc sjDotted with, red or purple,
the thin margin coarsely striate or tuberculated.
On the ground.
Russula vitellina. Fr.
Strong-scented. Mild. Pileus f-l-i- iH' across, the small
disc slightly fleshy, remainder very thin ; convex, soon
plane, margin tuberculosely striate, rather dry, yellow,
becoming pale ; gills slightly adnexed, soon separating from,
the stem and becoming free, distant, rather thick, connected
by veins, saifron-colour ; stem about 1 in. long, and 2 lines
thick, equal, white ; spores 7-8 /x diameter.
Hussula vitellina, Fries, Epicr., p. 263 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 338.
In woods.
Differs from B. liitea in the stronir smell and the striate
and tuberculose margin of the pileus.
Var. major, Cke., Illu.'str., pi. 1102b.
Pileus 2-3 in. across; gills 3 lines broad; stem Ij in.
long, 3—4 lines thick, becoming hollow.
In woods.
Agreeing with the typical form except in size.
Russula ochracea. Fr.
Mild. Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh rather thick at the
centre becoming thin towards the margin, pale ochraceous,
soft ; convex then expanded and dej^ressed, margin coarsely
striate, pellicle thin, viscid, ochraceous with a tinge of
yellow, disc usually becoming darker ; gills slightly adnexed,
broad, scarcely crowded, ochraceous; stem about 1| in. long,
0-7 lines thick, slightly wrinkled longitudinally, ochiaceous,
stuffed, soft; spores globose, echinulate, ochraceous, 10-12 ^
diameter.
Hussula ochracea, Fries, Epicr., p. 362; Cke., Hdbk., p.
338; Cke., Illustr., pL 1050.
In pine and mixed woods.
The mild taste, and ochraceous colour of every part, in-
cluding the flesh, separate the present from every other
species.
RUSSULA. 43
CommorJy confounded with JRussida fellea, Imt known at
once by its mild taste. Agreeing most nearly with B. lutea
in colour, but differing in the softer flesh, which becomes
ochraceous upwards ; sulcate margin of the pileus, and
broader, less crowded gills. Pileus persistently ochraceous,
disc usually darker. Stem sometimes yellow, sometimes
white. (Fries.)
Russula lutea. Fr. (figs. 2, 3, p. 3.)
Mild. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, white ; soon
convexo-plane or plano-depre«sed, viscid when moist, margin
even, or indistinctly striate when old, alwaj^s a pretty
primrose-yellow when young, becoming pale or almost white
with age ; gills almost free, connected by veins, crowded,
narrow, equal, bright ochraceous-yellow ; stem about l^^ in.
long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, even, white, never tinged with
red ; spores echinulate, pale yellow, 8-10 x 7-8 /x.
Hussula lutea, Fries, Epicr., p. 363; Cke., Hdbk., p. 338;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1082.
In woods.
The form with broader, less crowded gills, mentioned by
Flies, has been found in Ejiping Forest.
Allied to B. vitellina, but known by the even margin of the
pileus and the absence of smell.
Russula elegans. Bresad.
Mild at first, becoming acrid with age. Pileus 2-3 in.
across, flesh rather thick ; convex then depressed ; margin
tuberculose and striate when old, viscid, bright ros}' flesh-
colourj soon ochraceous at the circumference, everywhere
densely granulated ; gills adnexed or slightly rounded,
narrow behind, very much crowded, equal, rarely forked,
whitish, becoming either entirely or here and there ochra-
ceous orange; stem 1^-2 in. long, 5-7 lines thick, a little
thickened at the base, rather rugulose, white, base ochra-
ceous ; flesh white, turning ochraceous and acrid when old ;
spores 8-10 fx diameter.
Bussula elegans, Bresadola, Fungi Trident., t. 25 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 330; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1027.
In damp woods.
Allied to B. vesca. Known by the bright rose-coloured.
44 FUNGUS-FLORA.
densely granular pileus and tiiberculose margin. When old
the pileus is almost entirely ochraceous.
Russula armeniaca. Cooke.
Mild. Yery fragile. Pileus 1-1^ in. across, flesh thin,
convex then depressed, smooth, even, peach- colonr, margin
paler, even ; gills adnexed, rounded behind, 1 J-2 lines broad,
somewhat distant, bright ochre or almost egg-yellow; stem
about 2 in. long, 3 lines thick at the base, sliuhtly attenuated
upwards, smooth, white, hollow; spores echinulate, broadly
elliptical, pale ochraceous, 10 X 8 ju..
Hussula armeniaca^ Cke., Hdbk., p. 336 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 1064.
Among grass under trees.
Eeadily distinguished among the small species with ochra-
ceous gills and spores by the colour of the pileus, which is
exactly that of a ri]3e peach.
**
Gills yellow, witliout an ocliraceous tinge.
Russula coerulea. Fr.
Mild. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thickish at the disc,
margin thin ; convex then expanded or even slightly de-
pressed, sometimes slightly umbonate, polished, margin even,
bluish, bluish-purple, disc sometimes brownish ; gills adnate,
almost all equal, 2 lines broad, pale yellow, acute in front ;
stem 2 in. long, 4-5 lines thick, equal, firm, white, spongy
inside ; spores globose, verniculose, 11-12 jx diameter.
Bussula coerulea, Fries, Epicr., p. 353 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 323 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1052.
In woods.
The blue colour is usually most conspicuous near the
margin, the centre purplish. In Mrs. Price's figure,
no. 164, the pileus is altogether pure deep sky-blue, but
there may possibly be a little allowance made for the
colouring.
Habit very much that of JR. cyanoxantha, taste mild, but
the gills are crowded and yellow. Pileus sometimes sky-
blue, sometimes purple-lilac ; margin even. (Fries.)
RUSSULA. 45
Russula nitida. Fr.
Smell unpleasant. Pileiis about 2 in. across, flesh white,
ratlier thin, rigid, convex then plane or slightly depressed,
pellicle viscid in moist weather, colour various, but usually
purplish bay, disc darker, shining ; margin striate, some-
what tuberculose ; gills adnexed, receding, crowded, pallid,
then sulphur-coloured, not powdered; stem 2-3 in. long,
^ in. thick, spongily stufifed, almost equal or attenuated
below, even, white then pallid; spores minutely echinulate,
8-10 X 6-8 /i,; taste mild at first, slowly becoming acrid.
Biissula nitida. Fries, Epicr., p. 361; Cke., Ildbk., p. 336;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1063a.
In woods.
Distinguished from every other species by the bright
lemon-yellow, shining gills, that never become dusted with
ochraceous powder. (Fries.)
H. nauseosa agrees with the present species in the dis-
agreeable smell, but differs in the distant, dingy ochraceous,
powdered spores.
Var. cuprea, Cke., Illustr., pi. 1095b.
Pileus copper-colour with a tinge of purple, otherwise as
in the typical form.
In woods.
Russula aurata. Fr.
Mild. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick, firm, white,
citron-yellow below the cuticle, fragile ; hemispherical then
plane, pellicle thin, adnate, viscid in damp weather, colour
variable, citron-yellow, orange, or red, disc darker, but not
depressed; margin even but slightly striate or wrinkled
when old ; gills rounded behind and almost free, connected
by veins, broad, equal, shining, never powdery, yellowish-
white, margin bright citron-yellow ; stem 2-3 in. long, solid,
firm, but spongy within, cylindrical, indistinctly striate,
white or citron-yellow; spores subglobose, echinulate, 9-10
or 8 X 10 IX ; taste mild at first, then becoming slightly
acrid.
Bussula aurata, Fr., Epicr., p. 360; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1080 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 335.
Agaricus auratus, Withering, Arr. iv.
In woods, under pines, &c.
46 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Distinguislied by the almost free, broad, shining gills
having the edge bright lemon-yellow.
Russula decolorans. Fr.
Mild. Pilens 3-4 in, across, flesh rather thick, white, but
becoming somewhat greyish when broken, and variegated
more or less with black spots when old ; spherical, then ex-
panded and depressed, remarkably regular, viscid when
moist, orange-red at first, then yellow and becoming pale,
margin thin at length, striate; gills adnexed, often in pairs,
crowded, thin, fragile, white then yellowish; stem up to
4 in. long, cylindrical, often rugosely striate, white; then
especially inside becoming grey ; spores subglobose, minutely
echinulate, tinged ochraceous, 7-9 /x.
Hussula decolorans, Fries, Epicr., p. 3G1; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 335; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1079.
In pine and mixed woods.
Agrees with B. depallens in the stem becoming grey, but
differs in the long stem, and in the gills becoming yellow.
Gills not dusted with ochraceous powder, and not clear
shining yellow.
Russula punctata. Gillet.
Mild. Pileus 1J-2J in. across, flesh thin, white, reddish
under the cuticle ; convex then flattened, viscid, rosy, disc
darkest, punctate with dark rufous point-like warts, pale
when old ; margin striate ; gills slightly adnexed, 2 lines
broad, white then yellowish, edge often reddish ; stem about
1 in. long, 4-5 lines thick, attenuated and whitish at the
base, remainder coloured like the pileus, stuffed ; spores
8-9 fx diameter.
Bussula punctata, Gillet, Tab. Analyt., p. 48 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 334.
Among grass.
Var. leucopus, Cke., Illustr., pi. 1032.
Stem pure white ; agreeing in other respects with the
typical form.
A small species, readily distinguished by the deep rose-
coloured pileus being rough with point-like projections. The
typical form is not British.
KUSSSULA. 47
Russula olivacea. Fr.
Mild . Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh wliite, becoming yellowish,
thickish at the disc, margin thin; convex then expanded and
depressed, minutely sqnanmlosely silky, margin straight,
even, dingy purple with an olive tinge, or entirely brownish-
olive ; gills adnexed, broad, forked and mixed with shorter
ones, yellow; stem 2-3 in. long, f in thick, ventricose, palo
rose-colour, spongily-stuffed ; spores globose, minutely granu-
lar, yellow, 9-10 /x diameter.
Bussula olivacea, Fries, Epicr., p. 356; Cke., Hdbk., p. 326;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1041.
In pine woods, &c.
A well-marked species, distinguished by the dark-coloured,
minutely broken up surface of the pileus, rose-coloured stem,
and yellow gills. Differs from H. rubra in the deeper yellow
gills and the unpolished pileus. J?, alutacea differs in the
striate and tuber culose margin of the pileus : the same
features along with the powdered gills separate B. Integra
from the present species.
Russula Linnaei. Fr.
Mild. Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh everywhere thick, com-
pactly spongy, white, rigid ; plane then depressed, sometimes
wavy, even, glabrous, polished, dry, without a separate
pellicle, all one colour, deep blood-red or dark rose ; margin
spreading, obtuse, not striate ; gills slightly decurrent,
rather thick, not crowded, broad, fragile, sparingly connected
by veins, somewhat anastomosing behind, and with shorter
ones intermixed, white, yellow when dry ; spores white, sub-
globose, minutely echinulate, 9-11 X 8-9 /x.; stem lJ-2^ in.
long, 1 in. and more thick, slightly ventricose, indistinctly
fibrillosely reticulated, deep blood-red, firm but soft and
spongy within, and sometimes becoming hollow.
Bussula Linnaei, Fries, Epicr., p. 356 ; Cke., Illustr., ph
1026; Cke., Hdbk., p. 326.
In woods.
Distinguished among mild species by the even blood-red
pileus and stem.
Habit exactly that of B. emetica. Substance truly floccose
but very compact, firm, thick. Stem deep blood-red (but
perhaps varies to white), indistinctly fibrillosely reticulate*
48 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
Pileiis without a distinct pellicle, all one colour, dark jourplf^,
l)lood-red, &c., opaque, not becoming pale, 3-4 in. across ;
p;ills hardly crowded, rarely connected by veins, with but
few short intermediate ones, distinctly anastomosing behind.
>(Fries.)
Russula chamaeleontina. Fr.
Mild. Pileus 1-2 in. across, plane or slightly depressed,
pellicle separable, rather viscid ; margin even at first then
slightly striate, deep rose-red, purplish-lilac, the disc or
€very part soon becoming yellowish, or sometimes yellowish
from the first; gills slightly adnexed or free, narrow,
thin, closely crowded, or somewhat forked, yellow ; stem
1-3 in. long, about 2 lines thick, white, indistinctly
wrinkled, imperfectly hollow; sjDores globose, ochraceous,
7-8 /x diameter.
Bussula cliamaeleontina, Fries, Epicr., p. oG3 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 338 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. ] 098.
In woods, especially pine.
Inodorous. Very fragile and slender; usuall}- small, but
Fries says that the pileus is sometimes 3 in. across. Known
among the small species with ochraceous gills and spores by
the deep rose-red or purplish pileus, and absence of smell.
In mixed woods, especially pine. Sweet, inodorous, very
fragile, small. Stem somewhat hollow, up to 3 in. long, but
thin, slightly striate, white. Pileus thin, soon expanded,
1-2 in. across, sometimes oblique, with a thin, viscid, se-
parable pellicle, at first flesh-coloured, soon losing colour,
the disc becoming yellowish, and at length entirely yellow.
Gills more or less adnexed, thin, crowded, equal, narrow,
■ochraceous-yellow. (Fries.)
Russula puellaris. Fr.
Mild. Pileus 1-lJ in. across, flesh almost membranaceous
except the disc ; conico-convex then expanded, at first rather
gibbous, then slightly depressed, scarcely viscid, colour
peculiar, purplish-livid then yellowish, disc always darker
and brownish ; tuberculosely striate, often to the middle ;
gills adnate but very much narrowed behind, thin, crowded,
white then pale yellow, not shining nor powdered with
ii'he spores ; stem 1-1 J in. long, 2-4 lines thick, equal, soft,
RUSSULA. 49
fragile, rugulose under a lens, white or yellowish; stuffed,
soon hollow; taste mild; spores subglobose, pale yellow^
echinulate, 10 x 8-0 jx.
Mussula puellaris, Fries, Epicr., p. 3G1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p, 337 ;
Cke., lllustr., pi. 1065.
In woods.
Among the most frequent and readily recognised of species,,
occuriing in troops. Always small, thin, taste mild. Allied
to B. nitida, but more slender, colour paler, and not shining^
(Fries.)
Distinguished from It. nitida and B. nauseosa by the absence-
of smell.
Var. intensior, Cke., Hdbk., p. 337; Cke. lllustr., j)l..
1066.
Nearly the same size as the typical form; pileus deep-
23urple, nearl}^ black at the disc.
In woods, &c.
The stem has a tendency to become thickened at the base^
and turns yellowish when touched. Spores 10 x 8 /x-
( Cooke.)
Far. roseipes, Secretan, Myc. Suis., no. 483; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 337 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 1081.
Pileus 1-1 2^ in. across, margin thin shortly tuberculately
striate, convex then flattened and depressed, viscid, soon dr^^,.
rosy flesh-colour, rosy-orange, or rosy with a tinge of ocl're,
at first spotted with white, then becoming bleached ; gills
free, sometimes "\\ith a decurrent tooth, crowded, equal,
forked behind, connected by veins ; whiti.sh then ochraceous
egg- yellow ; stem about 2 in. long, 4 lines thick at the base,
slightly thinner upwards, white, sprinkled here and there
with rosy meal, flesh white, lacunose ; taste mild ; spores-
globose, minutely echinulate, pale ochraceous, 8-10 fx. diam.
In woods.
I Pileus wJiite or cream-colour.
Russula virginea. Cke. & Mass.
Mild. Every part persistently pure white. Pileus about
2 in. across, flesh thick, firm ; convex then more or less de-
pressed, smooth, even, viscid when moist, polished when dr^v
margin even, arched ; gills slightly decurrent, crowded, nut
VOL. iir. E
50 FUXGUS-FLOKA.
1 line broad, repeatedly forked, connected by veins, brittle ;
stem about 2 in. long, | in. thick at tbe base, becoming
thinner upwards, slightly wrinkled longitudinally, firm,
brittle, solid ; spore globof-e with a minute apiculus at the
base, almost smooth, 4 [x diameter ; cystidia absent.
Bussula virginea, Cke. & Mass., in Grevillea, vol. xix. p. 41 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 380; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1197.
In woods.
Care must be taken not to confound the present with
bleached forms of other species. Distinguished by every
part being persistentl}' snow-white from the youngest stage,
the very narrow, crowded gills, and the very small spores.
Russula semicrema. Fr.
Mild. Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh thick equally so np
to the margin, persistently white, firm ; convex then ex-
panded and depressed, sometimes wavy, polished white, nn-
changeable; margin incurved, glabrous, even; gills rather
decurrent, thin, crowded, 11-2 lines broad, persistently
white ; stem 1-3 in. long, up to 1 in. and even more thick,
almost equal and even, white, flesh becomiog blackish when
broken; spores globose, verruculose, 8-9 /j. diameter.
Mussula semicrema, Fries, Epicr., p. 350; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 320 ; Cke., Illustr., j)l. 1067.
Among leaves.
Intermediate between H. adusta and B. delica, but readily
distinguished from both. Stem fleshy, solid, firm, 2-3 in.
long, white, but becoming greyish and at length blackish
inside when broken. Pileus compactly fleshy, convex then
plane, even, glabrous, dry; disc umbilicate, margin at first
involute, always even ; colour in every stage persistently
white, flesh also, and juiceless ; gills decurrent, crowded,
thin, persistently white. Smell none, taste mild. (Fries.)
Difl'ers from JR. adusta and B. densifolia in the persistently
white pileus (flesh also) and gills ; and from it. delica in the
flesh of the stem becoming blackish. The outside of the
stem often becomes dark with age.
"^S'
Russula lactea. Fr.
Mild. Pileus about 2 in. across, compact and everywhere
fleshy, flesh white ; campanulate then convex, often ex-
RUSSULA. 51
centric, without a separable pellicle, always dry, white at
first, even, then creamy white, minutely cracked when dry,
margin spreading, even; gills free, very broad, thick, dis-
tant, rigid, forked, white; stem l-i- 2 in. long, up to Ij in.
thick, equal, even, alsvays white, solid, very compact, but
spongy, and soft within ; spores subglobose, echinulate,
7—9 fx.
Bussida lactea, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 190; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 324; Cke., Ulustr., pi. 1070.
Agaricus lacteus, Pers., Syn., p. 439.
In woods.
Distinguished by being entirely white or cream-colour ;
very broad, thick gills at first free then adnate, and mild
taste. Care must be taken not to confound this with
bleached forms of other species.
Var. incarnata, Quelet, Assoc. Fr., 1882, p. 10; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 324; Cke., Illustr., pL 1071.
Size and habit of the typical form. Pileus convex; de-
pressed, minutely mealy then cracked into areolae, white,
tinged with rose, at length tan-colour, growing pale; flesh
white, sweet ; stem stuffed, firm, minutely mealy, white ;
gills adnate, broad, forked, rigid, white then tinged yellow ;
spores 9 fx diameter.
Under fir-trees, &c.
Russula nigricans. Fr.
Mild. Pileus 3-5 in. across, very fleshy, convex then ex-
panded, umbilicately depressed, margin incurved at first ;
young specimens are slightly viscid when moist, even,
without a separable pellicle, whitish at first, soon sooty-olive,
at length becoming broken up into squamules and black;
flesh firm, white, becoming reddish when broken ; gills
rounded behind, slightly adnexed, thick, distant, broad,
brittle, unequal, the shorter intermediate ones sometimes
very scanty, pallid, becooiing reddish when bruised; stem
l|-2iin. long, 1 in. or more thick, equal, pallid when young,
then black, solid ; spores subglobose, rough, 8-9 /x.
Bussula nigricans, Fries, Epicr., p. 350 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 319 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1015.
In woods, &c.
Compact, fleshy, inodorous, becoming entirely black with
E 2
52 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
age. Known from B. adusta by tlie fiesli "becoming reddish
when broken, and by the much thicker, and more distant
gills. -R. densifolia agrees with the present species in
becoming red when cut, but differs in the thin, rather
crowded gills.
Russula adusta. Fr.
Mild. Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thick up to the margin,
firm; soon expanded and more or less depressed, margin
incurved at first then straight or upturned, even, glabrous,
white then brownish, finally with a scorched appearance ;
gills adnate then slightly decurrent, thin, crowded, unequal,
pallid ; stem 1 J-2 in. long, up to f in. thick, pallid then
sooty-grey, solid; spores subglobose, almost smooth, 8-9 /x;
no cystidia.
Bussula adusta, Fries, Epicr., p. 350 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 320 ;
Oke., Illustr., pL 1051.
In woods.
Can only be confounded with B. nigricans, from which it
is abundantly distinct ; size usuall}' smaller ; flesh juiceless,
not becoming reddish, pileus at length infundibuliform ;
gills decurrent, thinner, crowded. Colour pallid or whitish
when young, appearing scorched and sooty-grey when old ;
gills white then dingy, not becoming red when bruised.
(Fries.)
Fries mentions a variety which is scarcely different from
the typical form, except in the flesh becoming blue when
broken or cut. This is M. adusta coerulescens (Fr.), not yet
recorded for Britain.
B. densifolia, a species not recognised by Fries, differs-
from the present species in the flesh and gills becoming
red when wounded. B. semtcrema agrees in the stem turning:
black, but the pileus is persistently white.
Var. albo-nigra ; Bussula alho-nigra. Fries, Hym. Eur.^
p. 440 ; Bussula nigricans, var. alho-nigra, Cke., Hdbk., p.
320; Cke., Illustr., pi. lOlG; Agaricus alho-niger, l\.romhh.^
p. 27, t. 70, f. 16-17.
Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh rather thick, firm,,
white, turning blackish when bruised ; convex then ex-
panded, at length infundibuliform, whitish or pallid, smoky
at the incurved margin ; gills slightly decurrent, thin.
EUSSULA. 53
crowded, unequal, wliitish then tingod brown, stem 1-1 1
in. long, 1-lh in. thick, pallid then sooty-black, solid,
flesh white, turning blackish when broken ; spores 8 /x
diameter.
Anions: jrrass under trees.
Form abnormal ; stem short, very thick ; pileus thin and
small in proportion to the stem, rather wavy. Taste rather
acrid, not pleasant. (Fries.)
Russula delica. Fr.
Mild. ^Vhite. Pileus 4-G in. across, flesh firm, white,
thick to the margin ; convex then expanded and umbilicate
or depressed, even, shining, glabrous, but often with a white
superficial silkiness, margin incurved ; gills decurrent, thin,
h, margin paler and striate;
gills adnate, linear, narrow, distinct, whitish; stem about
2 in. long and J line thick, rather firm, even, dry, whitish,
rootiLg.
Agnricus (Mycena) ammoniacus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 142;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 83; Cke., Illustr., pL 238a.
On the ground.
Smell like that of 31. alcalina, from which the present
species differs in growing singly on the ground ; stem
perfectly diy, and without a yellow tinge. 31. metata differs
in the soft sul "Stance of every part, pileus hygrophanous and
soon becoming whitish.
Mycena metata. Fr.
Pileus |-| in. across, flesh very thin, hemispherical, then
campanulate, obtuse, soft, very hygrophanous, grey and
sligiitly striate w^hen moist; even, opaque, and whitish when
dry, and looks somewhat silky, at least under a lens; gills
adnate, narruw, linear, rather distant, distinct, whitish ;
stem 2-3 in. 1 >ng, slender, soft and flaccid, even, glabrous,
greyish-wliire, base fibrillose, but not truly rooting; spores
elliptical, 8-10 x 4-6 fx.
Agaricus mefafus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 141 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 83; Cke.. Illustr., pi. 238b.
Among moss in pine woods, &c.
MYOENA. 101
Smell alkaline, weak or entirely aljsent ; pileus usually
grey when moist, sometimes reddish-pink, pallid, &c.
Among moss in pastures, also in pine woods ; gregarious
but never caespitose. Smell weak, alkaline, often entirely
absent. In other respects dififering widely from M. ammoniaca.,
M. alcaUna, and 31. leptocepliala in the soft and flaccid
substance, and in the In'grophanous pilous readily becoming
pale and discoloured. (Fries.)
Mycena peltata. Fr.
Pileus about | in. across ; the broad disc rather fleshy,
remainder thin; convex when young, soon quite plane,-
closely and distinctly striate at the margin, blackish-brown
when moist, g'ey when dry ; when dry the edge is upturned
and blackish, forming a shallow saucer-like dejiression ; gills
adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded at fiist, ventricose,
becoming rather distant as the pileus expands, distinct,
grey, margin paler; stem li-2 in. long, about 1 line thick,
equal, rigid, rather fragile, often wavy, even, glabrous,^
naked, livid, base elongated and downy when growing among
moss, but not trul}^ rooting.
Agaricus peltatus. Fries, Epicr., p. 110; Cke., Hdbl.^
p. 83.
In pastures, among moss.
Closely gregarious. Inodorous. More or less resembling
M. aetites, but distinguished by the absence of a viscid,
separable pellicle.
Mycena consimilis. Cooke.
Gregarious. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh very thin,-
conically campanulate, umbonate, margin soon upturned and
at length splitting, striate to the middle, smoith, opaque,
grey, the umbo darker; gills adnexed or nearly free, scarcely
crowded, not 1 line broad, grey; stem about 1^ in. long,
rather thinner upwards, often compressed below, rather
rigid, dry, smooth, paler than the pileus, hcdlow.
Agaricus (^Mycena) consimilis, Cke., Grevillea, xix. p. 41 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 383; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1186.
Among grass.
M re or less resembling the following species. M. lepf-
cephala differs in the striate stem and strong nitrous sm^ii.
M. metata also differs in the strong smell. M, peltata dillcrs
102 FUNGUS-FLOKA.
in tlie orbicular, plane pileus; finally M. rugosa differs in
the pileus being wrinkled near the apex and the margin
even.
Mycena aetites. Fr.
Pileus about J in. across, flesh very thin, campamilate
then convex, glabrous, coarsely striate, with a broad, obtuse,
prominent umbo, hygrophanous, brownish ; gills slightly
sinuate, uncinate, thin, connected by veins, whitish ; stem
about 2 in. long, f line thick, becoming thinner upwards,
glabrous, shining, more or less compressed, whitish, base
tinged brownish.
Agaricus (Mycena) aetites, Fries, Epicr. p. 110; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 84; Cke., Illustr., pi. 188a.
Among damp moss.
Gregarious. Distinguished by the broad prominent umbo,
sulcate pileus, and gills connected by veins.
Stem 2 in. long, whitish, becoming tinged with fuscous
below ; pileus sometimes becoming fuscous, margin at length
blackish. Gills linear, rather distant, cohering behind at
first, greyish at the sides. (Fries.)
Mycena stanneus. Fr.
Pileus |—1| in. across, fle>sh very thin; campanulate then
expanded, glabrous, indistinctly striate, hygrophanous, grey;
tin-colour with a silky sheen and even when dry; gills ad-
nate with a decurrent tooth ^ line broad, connected by
veins, greyish- white ; stem 2-3J in. long, up to 1 line thick,
equal, even, shining, pallid, becoming compressed, often not
quite straight.
Agaricus (Mycena) sfanneus, Fries, Epicr., p. Ill; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 84; Cke. Illustr., pi. 188b.
Among grass in woods.
Allied to M. vitrea, differing in the decurrent tooth to the
gills.
Inodorous. Stem 2-3 in. long, 1 line thick. Pileus up to
1\ in. broad, slightly pellucidly striate and umbonate from
the protruding apex of the stem, grey, colour of tin when
dry. Gills hardly crowded. (Fries.)
Mycena vitrea. Fr.
Pileus up to 1 in. across, very brittle, membranaceous.
MYCENA. 10;>
campanulate, finely striate almost or quite up to the slightly
umbonate disc, which is not at all fleshy, livid-brown, margin
naked ; gills adnate, narrow, linear, distinct, whitish ; stem
3-4 in. long, not 1 line thick, slightly striate, shining,
coloured like the pileus or paler, hollow, base fibrillose.
Agaricus (Mycend) vitreus^ Fries, S3'st. Myc, i. p. 146 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 84; Cke., Illustr., pi. 160a.
In damp pine woods, &c.
Very fragile. Allied to ^I. aetites and M. stannea, but dis-
tinguished from both by the narrow, linear (not arcuate or
ventricose, but with the edge straight) gills which are not
at all sinuate behind, without a trace of a decurrent tooth,
and not connected by veins.
Mycena tenuis. Bolton.
Pure white. Pileus about i in. across, very brittle, mem-
branaceous; campanulate, then convex, obtuse, striate for
more than half way up to the disc, margin crenulate ; gills
adnate, ascending, distant, thin, watery ; stem about 2-3 in..
long, thin, equal, glabrous, pellucid, straight, minutely
fistulose.
Agaricus tenuis, Bolton, t. 37; Cke., Hdbk., p. 84; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 160b.
In damp woods.
Fasciculate ; pure white, very fragile and watery ; some-
what resembling M. gijpsea, which differs in the strigose
base of the stem ; gills with a slight decurrent tooth, and
yellowish disc.
YII. RIGIDIPEDES.
Mycena prolifera. Sow.
Pileus about J in. across ; flesh thin ; campanulate, then
expanded, more or less umbonate, margin at length coarsely
striate, yellowish or brownish tan ; gills adnexed, 1 line
broad, whitish then pallid ; stem about 3 in. long, firm,
rigid, glabrous, shining, slightly striate, rooting, brownish
below, pallid upwards.
Agaricus proliferus, Soweiby, t. 169; Cke., Hdbk., p. 79;
€ke., Illustr., pi. 235.
On rotten wood and on the ground.
Densely caespitose ; stem frequently proliferous. Stem
lOi FUNGUS-FLORA.
pallid al)Ove, but below tawny or bay ; pileus pallid, disc
darker and obtusely nnibonate ; margin somewbat striate^
and at lengtb cracked. (Cooke.)
Mycena Berkeley!. Mass.
Pileus 1^-3 in. across, flesh up to | line tbick in lar^e-
specimens; campanulate then more or less expanded, slightly
Timbonate, slightly and distantly striate up to the umbo,
hygrophanous, dingy brown, umbo darker, paler when dry;
gills broadly sinuate behind and adnate with a decurrent
tooth, rather distant, ventricose, 2-3 lines broad, thin, tinged
purplish or flesh-colour ; stem 3^—5 in. long, 3-4 lines thick,
almost equal or slightly thickened below, dingy brown with
a purple tinge, more or less striite, hollow, flesh tinged
purple, ending in a long, tapering, rooting base ; spores
broadly elliptical, with an oblique ba.'^al apiculus, 5 x 3*5 /x;
no cystidia seen.
Agaricus (Mycena) excisus, Lasch ; Cke., Illustr., p. 143
(pileus brighter in colour than in Berkeley's original
drawing).
On trunks. (Hothorpe.)
This is certainly not the Agaricus excisus of Lasch, neither
does it agree with any other described species.
Pileus 3 in. across, stem 4 in. hisj-h, root 2 in. long:.
Solitary or subcaespitose; gills purplish, strongly cut out
behind. The fig. Bull., t. olSi, is more characteristic of the-
specimens than that in Fries' Icones, taken from smaller
and probably more superficial specimens. (B. & Br.)
Mycena cohaerens. Fr.
Pileus about 1 in. across, fle.sh rather thin ; campanulate^
obtuse, even, glabrous, but soft to the touch and looking as
if it was rather velvety, cinnamon or tawn}' -umber, becom-
ing pale ; margin straight and pressed to the stem at first;
gills almost fi"ee, rounded behind, distant, very broad,
usually connected by vt-ins, white then pallid ; stem 4-5 in.
long, 2 in. thick, equal, even, glabrous, shining, bay up-
wards, the extreme apex often whitish, chestnut below,
Ijoliow, very rigid, almost horny, fasciculately tufted at the
base and grown together with white down; spores 10 x
7-8 IX.
Agaricus (Mycena') coliaei-ens, Fries, Epicr., p. 105 ; Cke.,
MYCENA. • 105
Hdbk., p 351 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 112Sb (as Marasmius-
cohacrens).
On trunks or on tlie ground among leaves.
Amongst pine leaves in great perfection. It has much
affinity with A. halaiimius, B. ; but that has the margin of
the gills purple. They have, however, the same fulvous
bristles on the surface. (B. & Br.)
In woods among leaves, also on wood. I have found it
growing in tufts on fir trunks. ^Vith the habit of Maras-
miu.% but allied to M. galericulata in the gills.
Mycena excisa. Lasch.
Pileus convex, somewhat umbonate, rugulose, brownish ;
gills somewhat cut out behind and almost free, ventricose,.
thick, hoary ; stem even almost glabrous, base rooting.
Agaricus excisus, Lasch; Linnea, vol. iv. (1829), p. 534,.
(No. 538.)
Most nearly allied to Agaricus polygrammiis. Pileus;
campanulate then convex, very obtuse or umbonate, about
1 in. across ; disc slightly fleshy, pallid-fuscous or grejdsh-
fuscous. Gills in series of four, somewhat distant, connected
by veins, paler in colour than the j)ileus, very broad and
ventricose in front, very much narrow^ed behind, scarcely
adnexed. Stem 1-^ in. long, 1^-2 lines thick, grey. Tough;,
almost tai^teless.
Gregaiious. On trunks, especially pine. Sept., Nov.
The wdiole of the above is a translation of Lasch's origii>al
description in Linnea, I.e.
Fries' description of what he considers to be M. excisa
differs in some respects from the above, as admitted by him
(Icon., p. 88), and he there also says that his fungus may be-
distinct from that of Lasch.
Scotch specimens in the Berkeley herbarium are the only
ones collected in Britain so far as I know, and these pre-
sumably agreed with the Friesian idea of the species; hence,,
whether the two are identical, or if not. which species these-
specimens represent is at present uncertain.
Mycena psammicola. B. & Br.
Smell strong, but not nitrous. Pileus about \ in. across,,
flesh tliin, almost hemis2)lierical, hygrophanous, brown^
106 FUNGUS-FLOKA.
paler towards the striate margin ; sprinkled with minute
particles; gills adnexed, sinuate behind, about ^ line broad,
white; stem up to f in. long, slender, equal, whitish above,
umber below, wholly whitish-pulverulent, solid.
Agaricus (ISIijcena) psammicola, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
no. 1518; Cke., Hdbk., p. 79 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 186a.
On a sandbank, among moss.
Yery much resembling M. paupercula, differing in the
pulverulent stem and in having particles sprinkled on the
pileus.
Mycena rugosa. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy; campanulate then
expanded, more or less umbonate, tough, dry, irregularly
wrinkled with raised ribs, grey becoming pale ; gills ad-
nexed with a minute decurrent tooth, slightly sinuate,
rather distant, connected by veins, greyish-white ; stem
about 2 in. long, 1^ line thick, straight, often compressed,
firm, tough, even, glabrous, pallid, with a thort, oblique,
strigose rooting base.
Agaricus (Mycena) rugosus. Fries, Epicr., p. 106 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 80; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 186b.
On or near stumps, trunks, &c.
Often growing singly, and then large.
Stem short, rather thick, straight, at length compressed.
Pileus somewhat obtuse. Gills ventricose, entire or the
similarly coloured margin minutely serrulate. (Fries.)
Much tougher than M. galericulata^ the latter also differs
in being tutted in habit, pileus not irregularly wrinkled
but striate up to the umbo, and gills with a slight pink
tinge. M. excisa has the pileus rugose, as in the present
species, but differs in the brownish stem and in the gills
being very much narrowed behind.
Pileus at first campanulate, then convex, sulcate up to
the umbo, cinereous, as well as the short, compressed stem,
which is glabrous above ; gills distant, cinereous, uncinato-
adnate, connected by veins. (B. & Br.)
Mycena sv.dora. Fr.
White. Pileus |-1t in. across, flesh very thin, except the
umbo ; convex, umbonate, striate, viscid, often irregular ;
gills obtusely adnate without trace of a decurrent tooth,
MYCENA. 107
rather tliick, somewhat distant, 1| line broad, white, be-
coming tinged flesh-colour; stem 3-5 in. long, 1-1^ line
thick, equal, firm, even, dry, almost glabrous, rooting but
ending abruptly.
Agaricus (^Mijcena) siidorus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 156;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 80 ; Cke., Illustr., pL 206.
On beech trunks.
Distinguished by the entirely white colour and viscid
pileus.
Usually solitary, large, entirely white. Stem very long,
root long, ending abruptly, glabrous (perhaps not always?)
Pileus 1 in. broad, diaphanous, often irregular, not rugose.
Gills broad. (Fries.)
Mycena galericulata. Scop.
Pileus |— 2 in. across, flesh thin, conical, then campanulate,
at length expanded, umbonate, dry, glabrous, striate u]3 to
the umbo, livid-brownish, greyish, pallid, &c. ; gills adnate
with a decurrent tooth, about 1 line broad, connected by
veins, whitish then tinged with pink; stem 2-4 in. long,
1-1^ line thick, equal, rigid, even, polished, pallid, base
tapei'ing, rooting, hollow ; spores 6-7 X 4 /x.
Agaricus galericulatus, Scopoli, Carn., 445; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 80 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 222.
On trunks and stumps.
M. rugosa is most nearly allied to the present species, but
di tiers in growing singly, shorter stem, grey gills, and
tougher substance. A form of M. galericulata sometimes
grows on the ground among leaves.
Common on trunks, exceedingly variable, tufts often
■densely crowded. Not tough and flexible, like M. rugosa.
Stems somewhat ascending, base downy, rooting, white,
tawny, bay, &c. (Fries.)
Solitary or densely ca^spitose. Pileus 3-9 lines broad,
sometimes, however, much larger, campanulate or conical,
often subumbonate, at length depressed, innato-fibrillose,
striate, brownish-white, with sometimes tints of blue or
yellow. Gills rather distant, not so broadly adnate as the
last (J[. alcalinus), sometimes nearly free, often pinkish.
Stem very various in length, rigid, smooth, except at the
base, which is densely stri^iose. Inodorous, insipid. (Berk.)
108 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Var. calopus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 139 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 223a.
Stems eliestnnt-coloiir, united at tlie base into a coiumon^
fusiform rooting stem.
On stumps.
Mycena polygramma. Bull.
Pileus thin, elastic, conico-campanulate, often becoming
expanded ; dark grey with, brown tinge when moist, paler
when dry, margin coarsely striate ; gills broadest in front,
thick, distant, pale grey, often with a suggestion of pink,
then whitish; stem 3-4 in. long, equal, tough, shining,'
distinctly striate throughout its length, pale grey, bMse
strigose, rooting; sjDores elliptic-oblong, obliquely apiculate^
11-12 xe IX.
Agaricus (^Mycena') polygrammus, Bull., Champ., t. 395 ;
Cke., Illustr., t. 223b.
On trunks, stumps, &o.
Separated from M. 2^licata by the tougher substance and
slriate stem.
Pileus 1—1^ in. broad, at first cinereous, umber towards
the margin, glandiform, prninose, then livid brown, conico-
campanulate, submembranaceous, rugose with innate fibres,
irargin striate. Gills rather distant, at first dirty-white,
then pinkish, ventricose though sometimes almost linear, all
but free, margin subseri ulate. Stem 3 in. high, 1 line or
more thick, regularly and deeply striate, the interstices
fibrillose, but occasionally the striae are obsolete, silvery,
rooting, fistulose, nearl}' the colour of the pileus, but paler,
twisted, brittle. Inodorous, insipid. (Berk.)
Mycena parabolica. Fr.
Pileus 1-1 J in. high and broad, flesh quite thin; at first
erect and oval then parabolic, obtuse, moist, somewhat
shining, glabrous, even, disc blackish with a violet tinge,
remainder pallid becoming whitish towards the striate
margin ; gills adnexed, ascending, rather distant, slightly
connected by veins, margin quite entire, white, base
greyish ; stem 2-3 in. long, about 2 lines thick at the coarsely
hispid base, thinner upwards, blackish-violet above, base
paler, covered with white meal when younij^, even, glabrous,
dry, fistulose, not very rigid; spores elliptical, 11-12 x 6 /x.
MYCEXA. 109
Aqaricus (^Mycend) imrahoUcus, Fries, Epicr., p. 107; Cke.,
Ildbk., p. 81 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 22-Ia.
On rotten trunks, especially pine.
Gregarious or caespifose. Allied to M. galerlculata, but
differs in the absence of a decurrent tooth to the gills, and
also absence of pink tinge of gills when drying.
Mycena tintinabulum. Fr.
Pilous about 1 in. across, flesh quite thin, very tough,
<3ampanulately convex, almost plane when adult, scarcely
nnibonate, altogether even and not rugulose, rather viscid
when moist, variable in colour, usually bay, yellowish brown
or pallid, becoming pale ; gills adnate with a decurrent
tooth, horizontal, very thin, crowded, narrow, pallid, then
tinged pink ; stem about 1 in. long, about 1 line thick,
always even, glabrous, pallid, very tough, base with short
■white down ; "spores 7-8 x o /x.
Arjaricus (Mycena) tintinahulum, Fries, Epicr., p. 107 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 81 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 224b.
On fallen trunks, &c.
Allied to 31. galericulata, but known b}" the shorter stem
and the perfectly even pileus. Usually gregarious, rarely
caespitose. Tough, not rugulose, colour very variable,
bluish, yellowish-brown, whitish, usually bay. Gills pallid
having a pink tinge when dry.
VIII. ADONIDEAE.
Mycena lactea. Pers.
White. Pileus about h in. across, very thin ; campanulate
and slightly umbonate, sometimes becoming expanded,
striate when moist, even when dry ; gills adnate, ascending,
narrow, crowded; stem Ij-S in. long, very slender, equal,
rather tough, not quite straight, glabrous; spores 7-8 x
S—4: jX.
Agaricus lacteus, Persoon, Syn., p. 391 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 79 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 159c.
On the ground in pine woods.
The disc of the pileus often with a yellow tinge. Dis-
tinguished from M. g7jpsea and M. tenuis by the scattered
habit.
110 FUNGUS-FLORA.
In pine woods on the ground, on pine leaves, &c. ; always
scattered, never caespitose, entirely white. A. Stem fistulose,
3 in. long, equal, almost filiform, flexile, even, glabrous, base
fi.brillosely rooting; pileus membranaceous, campanulate,
somewhat umbonate, ^ in. and more across, striate when
moist, even when dry ; gills adnate, ascending, crowded,
narrow, distinct, alternate ; among grass and moss in pine
woods. B. Stem 1 in. and more, flaccid, base downy; pileus
thin, j)apillate, indistinctly striate, even when dry, 3-5 lines
broad ; gills scarcely ^ line broad ; abundantly on pine
leaves. C. Entirely milk-white, base minutely bulbous,
coarsely downy ; stem not rooting, short, scarcely 1 in.,
pulverulent; pileus convex then almost plane, somewhat
umbonate. striate, rugulose, glabrous, 3-5 lines broad ; gills
adnate, distant, rather broad, distinct. (Fries.)
Mycena gypsea. Fr.
Pileus J-1 in. across, membranaceous, conical then cam-
panulate, striate up to the not very prominent umbo,
remainder whitish ; gills adnate, not decurrent, very broad
in front, equally narrowed from the margin to the stem, the
short ones broadest in front, pure white, unchangeable ;
stem about 3 in. long, ^-1 line thick, equal, very straight
and fragile, even, glabrous, white, base downy, but not
rooting ; spores 8-9 x 4 /x.
Agaricus (^Mycena) gijpseus, Fries, Epicr., p. 104 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 952a; Cke., Hdbk., p. 370.
On the ground among fragments of wood, and on trunks.
Gregarious and caespitose. Distinguished from the nume-
rous white species of Mycena by its size, form, and especially
the straight, very brittle stem. Pileus .typically hyaline-
white, but the umbo or sometimes every part yellowish.
Gills often with a slight decurrent tooth.
Mycena luteoalba. Bolton,
Pileus ^—Ih in. across, membranaceous, acutely cam-
panulate, becoming expanded and umbonate, pellucidly and
finely striate, glabrous, pale yellow, not becoming pale ; gills
adnate somewhat uncinate, joined both behind at first, broad,
alternately long and short, distinct, clear white, margin
quite entire; stem 1-2 in. long, very slender, equal, rather
MYCENA. Ill
wavy, tough, glabrous, even, yellowish, base slightly fibril-
lose, hollow.
Agaricus luteoalhuSj Bolton, t. 38, f. 1 ; Cke., lUustr.j pL
1o9a; Cke., Hdbk., p. 78.
In pine woods, among moss, &c.
Differs from M. Jlavoalba in the pale yellow stem.
Mycena flavoalba. Fr.
Pileus i-§ in. across, almost membranaceous, campanuLite,.
stem convex, at length expended, umbonate, even, not truly
striate, cracking when dry, ochraceous, yellowish-white, or
altogether white ; gills adnexed, soon seceding and free, at
length plane, ventricose, distant, white; stem about 1 in.
long, rather rigid, up to 1 line thick, equal, not rooting,
pellucid white, base glabrous, apex pruinose, fistulose ;
spores elliptical, 6-8 X 3-4 /x.
Agaricus (Mijcena) flavoalbus, Fries, Epicr., p. 103; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 78 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 1o9b.
On naked ground or among thin grass, heather, &c., in
sunny places.
Scattered or not unfrequently in troops. Closely re-
sembling some forms of M. lactea, which diff'ers in the adnate
gills and more or less downy base of the stem. Known from
M. luteoalba in the white, pellucid stem.
Mycena lineata. Bull.
Var. expallens, Fries, Ic, t. 84, p. 78, f. 5.
Pileus J-| in. across, membranaceous ; campanulate, obtuse,
striate with fine lines up to the disc, pale yellow ; gills
adnate, linear, white ; stem up to 2 in. long, J line thick,
even, pallid, base with white down.
Agaricus (^Mycena) lineatus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 78; Cke., lUustr.,
pi. 185b.
On the ground, among moss.
Slender, soft, colour (probably) variable. Stem fistulose,
filiform, 2 in. long, equal, even, glabrous, pallid, often
yellowish, with white down at the base. Pileus remarkably
membranaceous, campanulate then expanded, obtuse, | in, or
a little more broad, entirely covered with fine striate lines,
glabrous, yellowish in our specimens, then pallid. Gills
112 FUNGUS-FLORA.
:adnate, linear, very narrow, rather distant, distinct, white,
^margin similar in colour and quite entire. (Fries.)
The typical form has probably occurred in this country,
but I am not aware of the fact. It differs more especially in
the pileus being of a brownish colour, and in not becoming
■expanded, but retaining the campanulate form.
Mycena adonis. Bull.
Pileus about \ in. across, almost membranaceous, conical
then campanulate, glabrous, almost even, dry, somewhat rosy
but colour variable ; stem about 1| in. long, very slender,
equal, white, glabrous ; gills uncinately adnexed, narrow,
white, then tinged with pink.
Agarkns adonis, Bulliard, pi. 560, f. 2 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 78 ;
'Cke., Illustr., pi. 185a.
In woods ; among short grass, &c.
Characterised among the small species of this section by
the even, dry, usually more or less rose-coloured pileus and
the very slender, entirely glabrous white stem.
Mycena flavipes. Quelet.
Pileus about § in. high and across, flesh very thin; cam-
panulate or semiorbicular, obtu>e, rosy-pink, purplish-pink,
or violet, the disc becoming darker and brownish; gills
adnexed with a very slight decurrent tooth, distant, 1 line
broad, connected by veins, white then tinged with pink ;
stem about 2 in. long, thin, equal, tough, shining, pellucid,
yellow, rooting and downy at the base, hollow; s^Dores
•elliptical, 10 X 4-5 /a.
Agaricus (Mycena) flavipes, Quelet, Fung. Jura, ii. t. 1,
f. 4: Cke., Ildb., p. 369; Cke., Illustr., pi. 951b.
On stumps, &c.
Smell resembling radishes. Clustered, the stems more or
less connate at the base. Distinguished from every form
of If. galericulata by tke rosy or purple pileus and yellow
-■stem.
Mycena zephira. Fr.
Pileus about 1 in. across, almost membranaceous, dia-
phanous, campanulate then convex, obtuse, striate to the
middle, glabrous, not hygrophanous, livid-reddish, or pinkish-
"white, disc sometimes with a tinge of brown ; gills adnate,
MYCEXA. 113
with a slightly decurrent tooth, broad, but not ventricose,
at length separating from the stem, indistinctly connected
by veins, white; stem 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, eijual
or slightly thinner upwards, round, slightl}' striate, when
young everj^where, or at all events at the apex, whitish,
squamulose, at length naked, rufescent, ba^e incurved,
cottony.
Agaricus (Mycena) zepliirus, Fries, Epicr., p. 102; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 78; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1o8b.
On the ground, among twigs, &c.
Somewhat resembling 31. pura, but distinguished by the
absence of a radishy smell. The stem often lias a lilac
tinge. M. jpstudopura ditfers in the stem being glabrous at
all ages and in the margin of the pileus being very indistinctly
striate.
Mycena pseudopura. Cooke.
Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin ; campanulate then
convex, and at length expanded, obtusely umbonate, smooth,
margin obscurely striate, rosy then pale ; gills adnate,
narrow, whitish ; stem 2-3 in. high, 1 line tiiick, rigid,
straight, even, naked, at first rosy- white, becoming brown
when dry, hollow; spores elliptical, 2 X 5 ft; smell none.
Agaricus {JSIijcena) pseudopurus, Cke., Hclbk., p. 77; Cke.
Illustr., pi. 158a.
In woods.
Pileus scarcely exceeding an inch, rosj^ then pale; stem
2-3 in. long, slender, erect, hollow, turning dark brown in
drying ; spores conspicuously larger and longer than in
31. imra. (Cooke.)
31. zepliira is close to the present species, but differs in the
more strongly striate pileus, and in the stem being covered
with whitish squamules when young. 31. pura is distin-
guished by the radish-like smell. Gills with an indistinct
decurrent tooth.
Mycena pura. Pers.
Smell strong, resembling radishes. Pileus 1J-2J in. across,
flesh thin; campanulate then expanded, obtusely umbonate,
glabrous, margin striate, colour variable, generally clear pale
rose-colour, but also lilac, greyish, pallid, yellowish, and
white; gills adnexed and broadly sinuate behind, very broad,
VOL. III. J
114 FUNG US-FLOE A.
distinctly connected "by veins, pale ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2—3
lines thick, rigid, even, almost naked, whitish or tinged
with the colour of the pileus, base downy ; spores elliptical,
6-8 X 3-3-5 /x.
Agaricus purus, Pers., Syn., p. 339 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 77 ;
Cke., lllustr., pi. 157.
In woods.
Distinguished by the strong, radishy smell, and by the
broad gills being connected by veins. M. pelianthina dilBfers
in having the edge of the iiills dark. 31. i^seudoyura is dis-
tinguished by the absence of smell, as is also M. zejphira.
Gregarious. Pileus |-2 in. broad, subcarnose, obtuse,
convex, at length depressed, the margin thin, pellucid ;
sometimes marked with two or three concentric grooves,
amethyst or rose-coloured soon changing to a pale brown-
purple, at length nearly white. Gills broad, adnate, some-
times almost decurrent, at first whitish, then amethyst or
rose, then subrufescent ; connected by veins, margin uneven.
Stem often twisted, more or less fibrillose, at length smooth,
tough, hollow, the cavity lined with white silky fibres,
splitting easily upwards, the base often strigose. Sometimes
the pileus from the first is pure white, also occasionally
brownish or yellowish. Always distinguishable by its taste
and odour like that of radishes. (Berk.)
IX. CALODONTES.
Mycena strobilina. Fr.
Entire fungus shining deep red, not becoming pale nor
discoloured. Pileus up to h in. across, conical then cam-
panulate, membranaceous, umbo acute, even, the remainder
slightly striate and often paler in colour, glabrous, dry;
gills adnate with a slender decurrent tooth, distant, distinct,
with alternate shorter ones, a little paler than the pileus,
but the edge darker and blackish blood-red; stem about
2 in. long, 1 in. thick, equal, juiceless, even, glabrous, base
with white down, hollow, rather rigid ; spores elliptical,
8-10 X 4:fX.
Agaricus (^Mycena) strobilinus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 132 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 77 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 131 A.
On fir cones, among fallen leaves, &c.
MYCENA. IIT)
Distinguished from 31. rosella by the deeper colour aud
by not becoming pale, also by its larger size. More or less
fasciculate.
Subgregarious, subfasciculate. Pileus 3-5 lines broad,
canipanulate, with a rather short fleshy umbo, smooth,
bright-red or orange-red, striate at the margin. Gills
adnate, with a decurrent process, distant, whitish-red, edges
dull and darker red. Stem 1-2 in. high, hollow, firm,
smooth, pale-red, strigose at the base and whitish, often with
a long root. (Grev.)
Va)\ coccinea, Sow., t. 197 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 131b.
Similar in appearance to M. strobilina, but the gills are not
at all darker at the edge.
On fir cones and twigs.
Mycena rosella. Fr.
Every part clear rose-colour. Pileus about J in. across,
entirely membranaceous and striate, campanulate then
hemispherical, obtusely umbonate, rather hygrophanous ;
gills adnate with traces of a decurrent tooth, rather distant,
margin blackish-purple ; stem about 1 in. long, very slender,
soft, base with white down but not strigose; obliquely
elliptical, 7-8 X 4 /;t.
Agaricus (^Mycena) rosellus, Fries, Epicr., p. 101 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 77 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 131c.
Among moss and leaves in pine woods.
Loosely gregarious ; becoming pale with age.
Agreeing with M. strohiUna in many respects, but quite
distinct. Smaller and more slender, softer, paler in colour,
every part being a pretty rose-colour ; at length becoming
pale.
Mycena rubromarginata. Fr.
Pileus J-1 in. across, flesh thin; campanulate, obtuse,
striate, hygrophanous, grey, livid, reddish, whitish when
dry ; gills adnate, ^ line broad, distant, whitish, margin
purple-brown; stem 1-2 in. long, up to 1 line thick, even,
rigid, juiceless, pallid.
Agaricus (Mycena) ruhromarginata. Fries, Syst. Myc, u
p. 150; Cke., Illustr., pi. 284b; Cke., Hdbk., p. 76.
On rotten wood, pine stamps, twigs, &c,
I 2
116 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
Small, fragile, inodorous, juiceless, not caespilose. Stem
fistulose, 1-2 in. long, not exceeding 1 line thick, equal,,
often curved and ascending, even, glabrous, livid becoming
pale. Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, obtnse, 1 in. across,
glabrous, hygropbanous, gre}', livid-reddisli or brownish-
purple, j^ale when dry. Gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth,,
distant, distinct, not ventricose, whitish then grey, margin
purple-brown, not evidently toothed. Differs from M. san~
guinolenta in size and in the juiceless stem. Allied ta
M. metata, which differs in growing on the ground,,
pileus silky- atomate when dry, margin of gills not dis-
coloured. (Fries.)
Var. fusco-purpureuSj Lasch; Linn., 1829, no. 544; Cke.,,
Hdbk., p. 76.
Purple-browm ; stem finely striate, with a rooting downy
base ; gills eroded, edged with brown.
On willow trunks.
Mycena olivaceo-marginata. Mass.
Pileus about ^ in. high and across, flesh very thin, cam-
panulate, striate up to the disc, honey-colour with a tawny
tinge, rather darker wdien dry ; gills adnexed with a very
.slight decurrent tooth, rather distant, nearly 1 line bi'oad,.
sslightly connected by veins, pallid, edge brownish-olive,
wholly greyish w^hen dry ; stem 1t>-2 in. long, very slender,
«M|ual, smooth, shining, naked, dry, paler or similar in colour
to the pileus, tinged rufjus below% base wdth a little white
down ; spores broadly elliptical, 6 x 4—5 /ul.
Agaricus (Mycena^ oUvaceo-marginatus, Massee, in Cooke's.
Ildbk., p. 369 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 959a.
Among short grass.
Scattered or gregarious. Readily known by the honey-
coloured pileus and stem ; the olive-coloured margin of the^
gills shows best w^hen the fungus is fresh.
Mycena aurantio-marginata. Fr.
Pileus l-lj in. across, disc rather fleshy, campanulate
tlien convex, obtusely or indistinctly umbonate, even,
glabrous, brownish-olive, paler when old, margin straight,
slightly striate when moist; gills narrowed behind and
adnexed, very much ventricose, and at first sight appearing
MVCKNA. 117
to be free, ciowdcd, connected Lj'- veins, livid with a
•greenish tinge, niart2;in orange, fimbriate ; stein firm, hollow,
1-1 1 in. long, 3-4 lines thick at the base, 1-2 lines at the
apex, even, glabions, livid or pale, base inflated, ventricose,
•and strigose with yellow down.
Agarivus (Myccna) aurantio-marginafus, Fries, Epicr., p. 100 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 76.
Distinguished b3- the fimbriate, orange margin of the gills,
and the swollen base of tlie stem with yellow down.
Mycena elegans. Pers.
Fileiis \-^ in. across, raembranaceons, campanulate, m )rt'
•or less umbonate, striate, glabrous, brown or livid-yell<»\v,
opaque, not hygrophanous; gills adnate with a decuirei.r.
tooth, narrow, rather distant, distinct, colour variable, usually
livid, sides greyish, but varying to whitish, yellowish, Scc.y
the edge entire, darker, saffron-colour ; stem about 2 in. long,
1 line thick, equal, livid, base fibrillosely downy, hollow,
rigid, straight; spores 8-10 x -1—5 /x.
Agaricus elegans, Persoon, Syn., p. 391 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 76 ;
Oke., lUustr., pi. 284a.
In piue woods, &c., on the ground.
Gregarious ; smell weak or absent. Distinguished by the
•saffron-coloured margin of the gills.
Mycena balanina. Eeik.
Pileus ?i~l^ ill. across, flesh rather thick at the disc,
margin thin, convex then plane, often with an umbo ; striate
when moist, even when dry, pale yellowish-brown ; gills
adnate, then separating from the stem, connected by veins,
1^ line broad, white with a pinkish tinge, edge purple ;
;stem about 3 in. long, 1-1 J line thick at the apex, usually
becoming thinner downwards, striate, downy below, squaniu-
lose above, brownish, becoming paler at the apex, hollow.
Agaricus {Mycena^ halaninus, Berk., Mag. Zool. & Bot.,
vol. i., t. 15, f. 2; Cke., Hdbk,, p. 76 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 156,
f. 2.
On beech-mast, among beech leaves, &c.
Distinguished among species having the margin of the
_gills darker, by the lai-ge size and colour of the pileus.
118 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Mycena pelianthina. Bolton.
Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh, ratlier thick at the disc,
thin elsewhere ; convex then exparided, obtuse, moist, hygro-
phanoii.';, margin striate, pale livid-pnrple, becoming pale
Tvhen dry ; gills arlnexed, broad, distinctly connected by
■veins, purplish, with a darker, fimbriated edge ; stem 2—3 in.
long 1^ line thick, equal, firm, fibrillosely-striate above^
pallid, base more or less downy, hollow; spores elliptical,
7 X 4 /x.
Agaricus (Mycena^ peUanthinus, Fries, Syst. Myc, p. 112;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 75; Cke., Illu«tr., pi. 156, f. 1.
Agaricus denticulatus, Bolton, t. 4, f. 1.
Among dead leaves in woods.
Sometimes gregarious. Knowrn. by the purplish pileus and
gills.
Pileus 1-2 in. broad, w^hen dry whitish, tinged with
purple; stem 2-3 in. high, l|-2 lines thick; the gills are
Si^rinkled over wdth short purple hairs, arranged in fascicles
on the edge ; smell strong, (Berk.)
COLLYBIA. Fries.
Pileus symmetrical, flesh usually thin, margin incurved
at first, not coarsely striate nor corrugated ; gills free or
adnexed and rounded behind, membranaceous, soft; sten^
with a cartilaginous cortex, internally cartilaginous or soft^
fistulose, often rooting ; spores white, smooth,
Collybia, Fries, Epicr., p. 81 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 62 (as a
subgenus of Agaricus).
Growing on wood, leaves, and on decaying fungi, also ori
the ground, and then often rooting.
Most closely allied to Marasmius, which, however, differs in
th.e dry, somewhat coriaceous, toufjh substance of the w^hole
fungus, somewhat persistent, ^nd fully expanding when
moistened after being dried. Clitocijhe and Triclioloma differ
in the stem being fibrous externally, and Mycena in having-
the margin of the pileus straight, and not incurved when
young.
COLLYBIA- 119
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.
A. Gills white or clear in colour^ never grey ; flesh white.
I. Striaepedes.
Stem stont, hollow or imperfectly filled with a spongy-
pith ; grooved or fibrillusely striate.
* Gills broad, rather distant.
** Gills crowded, narrow.
II. A^ESTIPEDES.
Stem thin, equal, fistulose or stuffed, even, velvety,
floccose, or pruinose.
* Gills broad, rather distant.
** Gills very narrow, closely crowded.
III. Laevipedes.
Stem thin, equal, fistulose, naked, glabrous (leaving out
the base), not conspicuously striate (truly but minutely
striate under a lens in C. dryojphila, &c.).
* Gills broad, lax, usually more or less distant.
** Gills narrow, crowded.
B. Gills greyish, liygrophanous.
lY. Tephrophanae.
Colour brown or greyish.
Allied to the terminal sections of Tricholoma and CUtocyhe,
but known from these by the cartilaginous stem.
* Gills crowded, very narrow. Some are strong-scentea.
** Gills very broad, rather distant.
120 FUXGUS-FLOEA.
I. STPtlAEPEDES.
* Gills broad, rather distant.
Collybia radicata. Eelb.
Pileus H-4 in. across, flesli tliin, soft, elastic, wlii*:e,
convex then expanded, more gibbous than iimbonate, often
irregular, glutinoiTS, radiately rugose or wrinkled ; browni.-h-
olive, ochraceoiis-brown, sometimes with a greenish tinge,
rarely altogether white ; gills narrowed behind and adnexed,
often with a decurrent tooth, at length separating more or
]e-s from the stem, ventricose, distant, rather thick, white ;
htem 4—7 in. lonii, 3-5 lines thick at the base, from where it
becomes gradually thinner upwards, glabrous, but at length
m'>re or less striately grooved, the cartilaginous cuticle often
twisted, greyish-pallid, base fusiformly rooting, often 6-8 in.
long, descending vertically; spores elliptical, 14-15 X 8-9 /x.
Agaricus radicatus, Relh., Cant., no. 10-iO; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 62; Cke., Illustr., pi. 140.
In woods and grassy places under trees.
Distinguished by the viscid, rugulose pileus and the long,
polished stem, ending in a long, tapering root.
C. longi^es differs in the more or less downj' pileus and
stem.
Pileus 3 in. or more broad, flat, more or less umbonate,
radiato-rugose, smooth, at first slimy, carnose, tough ela>tic,
delicate fusco ochraceous, olivaceous, etc., often irregular,
triangular, &c. Gills white, thick, distant, ventricose,
adnate, with or without a tooth, sometimes almost decurrent.
Sp(»res white, nearly round. Stem 4—8 in. high, about i^ of
an inch thick, attenuated upwards, twisted, not smooth but
rather fui fiiraceous, sometimes striate above with raised
lines, paler than the pileus, juicy, brittle, splitting longi-
tudinally, but sometimes tough, stuffed at length, sometimes
hollow, ruft scent within, penetrating very deeply into the
ground by a fusiform root. (Berk.)
Collybia longipes. Bull.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thin, conical then ex-
panded, umbonate, dry, minutely downy or velvety, pale
brown; gills adnexed and rounded behind, li-2 lines broad,
COLLYBIA. 121
rather distant, white; stem 4-G in. lon<^, 2-3 Knes thick
below, atteiniated upwards, at length more or less grooved,
minutely velvety or downy, coloured like the pilens, ending
in a long, fusiform, rooting base.
Aqaricus longipes, Bulliard, Champ. France, t. 232 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 63 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 201.
Agaricus pudens^ Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 04,
On old stumps, &c.
Stem quite as velvety as in C. velutipcs, and the pileus,
especially its margin, more or less so, and by no means
glutinous. (Berk.)
With the habit, size, colour, and general appearance of
C. radicata^ but distinguished by the velvety stem and
pileus.
Collybia platyphylla. Fr.
Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thin, fragile ; soon expanded,
obtuse, watery when moist, fibiillosely virgate or streaked,
brown then grey or whitish ; gills slightly adnexed, obliquely
truncate behind, ^ in. and more broad, distant, soft, white ;
stem 3-4 in. long, about I in. thick, equal, fibrilloseiy striate,
otherwise glabrous, naked or the apex obsoletely mealy,
whitish, base abrupt and springing from broadly extending,
whitish, cord-like, branched and anastomosing mycelium ;
spores elliptical, 9-10 X 6 /x.
Agaricus (^Collyhia) platijpMlla, Fr., Epicr., p. 82 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 63 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 128.
On rotten wood, or on the ground near trunks and stumps,
among leaves, &c.
Distinguished by the abundant cord-like, rooting my-
celium, and the broad, distant gills.
Collyba semitalis. Fr.
Pileus 1-4 in. across, flesh cartilaginous, thin, cracking,
white when dry ; convex then plane, obtuse, even, glabrous,
moist when growing, pitch-black, sooty, livid-smoky, &c.,
hygrophanous ; greyish-yellow, dingy pale ochraceous, or
greyish when dry; margin incurved at first, glabrous, then
spreading and slightly pellucidly striate ; gills obtuse
behind, attenuated or rounded, adfixed in the form of a ring
and with a minute decurrent tooth, broad, distinct, white,
then greyish, becoming spotted with black where touched,
122 FUNGUS-FLORA.
and finally altogetlier blackisli, but the spores are white,
elliptical, 7-9 X 4-5 fx ; stem stuffed at first, then imperfectly
hollow, tough, elastic, attenuated from the slightly bulbous
base, 2-4 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, fibiillosely striate,
brownish or greyish-white, apex naked; often attenuated
below the bulb into a tapering rooting base.
Agaricus (Colb/hia) semitalis, Fries, Epicr., p. 82; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 63; Cke., Illustr., pi. 292.
On the ground by paths ; in woods, after much rain.
Sometimes caespito.se, not truly allied to any species, and
its true position very doubtful ; judging from habit, it
belongs to this group, but it grows on the ground, and the
cuticle of the stem is membranaceous and fibrous inside.
Every part truly somewhat cartilaginous, rather tough, size
very variable, sometimes tall, at others very small. The
typical form is described above, other noticeable forms are : —
(B) Stem sometimes short, 1 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal
but curved and ascending, altogether solid ; pileus piano-
depressed, irregular, only slightly hj^grophanous : — (C) Stem
solid, bulbous, bulb up to 1 in. thick, &c. Eeadily known
by the peculiar characters of the gills. (Fries.)
Collybia fusipes. Bull.
Pileus 1 1-2|- in. across, flesh rather thick, convex then ex-
panded, umbonate (the umbo at length disappearing) ; even,
glabrous, dry, reddish-bay, becoming pale and dingy tan-
colour, generally cracked and broken up when dr\' ; gills,
adnexed and joined into a ring, soon sep-irating from the
stem and b'^^coming free, broail, distant, firm, connected by
veins, crisped, white then almost coloured like the pileus,
often spotted ; stem 3-4 in. long, ^ in. and more thick,
tumid and ventricose at the centre and tapering to both
ends, often twisted, longitudinally, grooved, rufuus or rufous-
brown, base rooting, fibronsly stuffed, then hollow, re-
markably cartilaginous outside ; spores 5-6 X 3-4 yot.
Agaricus fusipes. Ball., Champ., t. 106 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 63 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 141.
On or near stumps.
Densely tufted. Pileus 1?, in. broad, when young hemi-
spherical, smooth, dull vinous-brown, fleshy, margin in-
curved ; then expanded, cracked, sometimes tesselated and
COLLYBIA. 123
warty, paler but here and there towards the margin marked
with dark patches as if burnt. Gills pale umber, free, or
only apparently adnate from the change of form of the
pileus, sometimes rounded behind and then separating from
the stem, as represented by Bnlliard, t. 106, they have a
rather watery a})pearance, though dry, like that of a piece
of half-dry parchment, connected hj veins, distant. tSfem
2—6 in. long, 7^;-l in. thick, veiitricose, rooting, paler than
the pileus, maiked towards the base with little dark specks,
striate longitudin illy, not truly though apparently fibrillose,.
often cracked longitudinally and transversel}", the transverse
cracks extending only through the cartilaginous coat;
substance within loose and fibrous, the fibres crisped, at
length hollow. Taste agreeable. (Berk.)
CoUybia lancipes. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thick, firm, not watery ; convex
then expanded, umbonate, radiately wrinkled from the
umbo, dry, glabrous, pale flesh-colour, becoming pullid,.
margin striate ; gills adnexed, emarginate, very broad
behind, distant, thick, firm, up to ^ in. broad, connected by
veins, tinged flesh-colour; stem stout, remarkably carti-
laginous externally, almost solid, but when adult sometimes
stuffed with crisj), twisted filaments, striate, glabrous or
indistinctlv fibrillose, gradually attenuated towards the
base, whitish with a flesh-coloured tinge, base rooting,
downy.
Agaricus (Colhjhia) lancipes, Fries, Epicr., p. 83.
On the ground.
Scattered, rarely clustered; every part rigid and firm.
Allied to G. fusipes, but differing in the radiately rugose
pileus and in being solitary.
** Gills crowded, narrow.
Collybia maculata. A. & S.
Pileus 2-5 in. across, flesh thick, firm, at first white, then
more or less spotted with reddish-brown, or sometimes
altogether rufest.-ent ; convex then plane, obtuse, sometimes
wavy, even, gl tbrous, whitish, becoming more or less stained
or spotted with reddish-brown; margin thin, incurved at
first, almost naked, gills emarginate, almost or quite free.
124: FUNGUS-FLOPiA.
■closely crowded, 1-2 lines broad, wliite then pallid ; stem
^-4 in. long, ^-| in. thick, somewhat ventricose, striate or
channelled, white, becoming spotted like the pileus, base
attenuated and rooting, cartilaginous externally, stuffed or
sometimes hollow (wavy in slender forms) ; spores subglobose,
■4—6 fM diameter.
Agaricus macidatus, Albertini & Schweinitz, p. 186; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 64; Cke., Illnstr., ]A. 142.
Agaricus (Collyhia) fodiens, Kalchbr., Icon. Hung., t. 36,
f. 2; Cke., Hdbk., p. 367; Cke., Illustr., ph 949.
In pine and other woods ; among grass, &c.
Var. immaculatus^ Cke., Hdbk., p. 64 ; Cke., Illustr.,
-pi. 221.
Differing from the typical form in not changing colour or
loeing spotted, and in the broader and serrated gills.
In fir woods.
Collybia prolixa. Fl. Dan.
Pileus 3-4 in across, fragile, flesh rather thick, white ;
-convex then expanded, broadly gibbous, lax, even, glabrous,
tawmy with a brick-red tinge; margin often ii regular;
gills free, crowded, narrow, quite entire, white, not spotted;
stem 3 in. long, 4-6 lines thick, solid, almost equal, ending
^abruptly, grooved, with a brick-red tinge; spores elliptical,
apiculate, 8-9 X 5 /x.
Agaricus proUxus, Fl. Dan., t. 1608; Cke., Hdbk., p. 363;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 950.
Among leaves, &c.
Deni^ely tufted. (Cooke.)
Large, up to a span. Stem firm, often scrobiculate ;
pileus fragile, rusty brick-red, becoming pale. (Fries.)
Collybia distorta. Fr.
Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh thin, convex then expanded,
Timbonate, very lax, even, glabrous, bay, becoming pale, but
not hygrophanous ; gills slightly adnexed, closely crowded,
Tather narrow, margin scarcely serrulate, white becoming
spotted with red ; stem about 3 in. long, up to ^ in. thick,
attenuated upwards from the tomentose base, twisted,
eulcate, pallid, fragile, externally cartilaginous, spongy
inside and soon hollow; spores elliptical, 6-7 X 4 /a.
COLLYBIA. 12i>
Agaricus (Collyhlci) distortus, Fries, Epicr., p. 8i; Cke.,.
Hdbk., 13. 64; Cke., Ilhistr., pi. 282, Go2.
On rotten pine trunks ; also on heaps of leaves, &c.
Allied to C. fusipes, but closely lesembling C. hiitijracea ;:
known by the broad, lax pileus ; thin, fragile, contorted
stem, and the gills becoming spotted with reddish-brown.
Collybia butyracea. Bull.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc, thin
elsewhere, soft, somewhat hygrophanous, dingy then white ;;
convex then expanded and more or less umbonate, dry, even,
glabrous, reddish-brown and shining as if oiled, becoming
2^ale and dull, dingy ochraceous or whitish when quite dry;.
gills slightly adnexed, almost free, thin, crowded, crenulute,
white, never becoming spotted or stained with brown or
red; stem 2—3 in. high, 3-4 lines thick at the base, IJ lines
at the apex, base incrassated, equally attenuated upwards,
striate, rufous, usually glabrous, but sometimes downy all
over, with a rigid cartilaginous cuticle, stuffed or hollow;
spores elliptical, 7-9 X 4-5 fx.
Agaricus hutijrar.eus, Bull., t. 572; Cke., Hdbk., p. 64;.
Cke., Illustr., pi. 143.
On the ground in woods.
Solitary, or usually growing in troops; closely resembling;
C. distorta in many respects, but more constant in form, and
differing in the gills not becoming spotted with red.
Pileus 1^ in. broad, subcarnose, convex, expanded, umbo-
nate, subviscose, of a livid ochre or dull green, when quite-
young livid-brown ; the margin subrufesent, but a portion
below the umbo soon grows pale, so that the pileus appears
of four colours. The umbo is always dark, but sometimes
the rest of the pileus is pale rufescent or ochraceous, margin
occasionally striate ; flesh white mottled with rufous. Gill&-
close, free, not ventricose, rounded, edge rather uneven
and notched. Sporules white. Stem lJ-2 in. high, |r in.
thick below, somewhat twisted, smooth, slightly striate,-
downy at the bulbous base, stuffed white within, the outer
coat being of quite a different structure and rufescent.
(Berk.)
Collybia bibulosa. Mass.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, fleshy, subglobose, obtuse, then ex-
12G FUNGUS-FLORA.
panded, moist, very smootli and even, dark obscure green
when moist, pale grey or whitish, when dry; gills narrow,
crowded, thin, margin rather undulate, dingy, slightly
adnexed, separated from the flesh of the pileus by a dark
cartilaginous line, a continuation of the outer portion of
the stem ; spores subpiriforin, 6 X 3 /x ; stem cartilaginous,
spongy, stuffed, becoming imperfectly hollow, tapering
upwards, minutely striate, 11-2 in. long, | in. thick at base,
pale clear brown, darkest below.
Agaricus (^Collyhia) hibidosus, Massee.
On stumps. In groups of 2-4, pileus very bibulous,
changing from blackish green to pale grey during drying.
Often rooting into the wood. Allied in many points to
Collybia hutyracea.
Collybia xylophila. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, fragile ; campanulate, lax
then expanded, broadly gibbous, glabrous, disc brownish-
tan becoming whitish towards the margin ; gills adnate,
closely crowded, very narrow, white ; stem about 2 in. long,
2-3 lines thick, equal, not quite straight, fibrillosely striate,
whitish; spores elliptical, 4 X 2'5 /x.
Agaricus (^Collijhia) xijlopJiilus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 289;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 202 ?; Cke., Hdbk., p. 65.
On rotten trunks, elm, &c.
Cooke's figure differs very materially from that of Fries,
Icon., t. 63, f. 2.
A very fine species, usually densely caespitose. Stem
hollow, 2-3 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal but often flexuoso,
fibrillosely striate, whitish, brownish inside. Pileus ample,
campanulate, broad, up to 3 in. across (up to 4 in. when ex-
panded), usually obtuse, sometimes with a small but true
umbo, and when much expanded broadly gibbous, glabrous,
whitish or the centre brownish-tan. When much ex-
panded the margin is cracked and split. Flesh everywhere
very thin, fragile, watery-brown. Grills adnate, often with
a small decurrent tooth, very narrow, a line broad at most,
very much crowded, edge entire. (Fries.)
G. confluens and C. ingrata differ in having the stem downy
or pulverulent.
C0LLY13IA. 127
II. VESTIPEDES.
* Gills hroadj rather distant,
Collybia velutipes. Fr.
Pileus li-3 in. across, convex then more or less plane,
often obscurely nmbonate, smooth, even, viscid, bright yellow,
disc darker, or altogether fulvous, flesh 1 line or more thick,
margin very thin, tinged yellow ; gills subdistant, 2-3 lines
broad, adnexed, cut out behind, then with a minute de-
current tooth, margin entire, pale opaque yellow ; stem 2 in.
long and more, \ in. thick or more, subequal, attenuated
into a rooting base, orange-bay, darkest downwards where
it is often very dark brown, minutely velvety, stuffed;
spores elliptical, 7 X 3-3 • 5 fx.
Agaricus (Colhjhia) velutipes, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 115;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 65 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 184a.
Agaricus velutipes, Curtis, Flor. Lond., t. 73.
On trunks, logs, &c. Tufted. Pileus variable in colour,
clear yellow, tawny-yellow, or fulvous, stem sometimes very
short, at others elongated, u.sually curved and ascending.
One of the few species of the Agaricini that bear frost
well.
Caespitose. Pileus 1-3 in. broad, smooth, slimy, of a
beautiful tawny colour, convex, expanded, fleshy; margin
thin, subtransparent. Gills ventricose, broad, scarcely
adnate, ochraceous. Stem 2-9 in. high, f in. thick, in-
curved, velvety, rich tawny-brown, pale above, often com.-
pressed and striate, fistulose. (Berk.)
Var. rubescens, Cke., Illustr., pi. 650.
Pileus viscid, dark reddish-brown ; gills becoming spotted
and stained with rusty brown ; stem elongated, tapering
downwards, dingy umber.
Among firs.
Caespitoi^e. Pileus 1-3 in. broad, smooth, slimy, of a
beautiful tawny colour, convex, expanded, fleshy, margin
thin, subtransparent. Gills ventricose, broad, scarcely
adnate, ochraceous. Stem 2-9 in. high, | in. thick, incurved,
velvety, rich tawny brown, pale above, often compressed
and striate, fistulose. (Berk.)
128 FUNGUS-FLOE A.
Collybia laxipes. Tr.
Pileus ?— 5 in. across, flesli thin ; convex then plane, obtuse,
glabrous, even, moist, milk-white or with a very slight
tinge of buff; gills soon becoming free, distant, 1 line broad,
ventricose, milk-white ; stem 3-4 in. long, 1 line thick,
equal, not quite straight, rigid, with rufous velvety down,
apex pale, stuffed.
Agaricus (^Collijhid) laxipes^ Fries, Epicr., p. 86 ; Cke.,
Hdlik., p. 65; Cke., lllustr., pi. 184b.
On chips, twigs, &c.
Resembling C. fusipes in the brown velvety stem, but
much smaller and slenderer in every part.
Collybia floccipes. Fr.
Pileus J-| in. across, flesh thin ; campanulate then convex,
and umbonate, even, sooty-brown, becoming pale; gills ad-
nexed, ventricose, thick, rather distant, white; stem l|-2 in.
long, 1^ line thick, equal, straight, w^hitish, rough w^th
minute black points, fistulose, rooting.
Agaricus (^Collyhia) floccipes, Fries, Epicr., p. 87 ; Cke.^
Hdbk., p. 368; Cke., lllustr., ph 1168.
On stumps and on the ground.
Distinguished at once from other species with a dark
pileus by the whitish stem being sprinkled with minute,
black, point-like warts.
Collybia mimica. W. G. Smith.
Pileus smooth, with a thin separabls cuticle, stem fibrillose
at the base, fibrillose striate in the middle, and naked or
slightly pruino.se at the apex. Gills very broad, somewhat
distant, thin, white.
Agaricus (^Colhjhia) mimicus, W. G. Smith in Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 65 ; Cke., lllustr., pL 129.
Among wood shavings.
Odour and taste strong like fish. Agreeing in some points
with A. cucumis, but differing very materially in others.
(W. G. Smith.)
The above brief description differs in many important
points from Smith's original figure, w^hich may be described
as follows. Every part inside and outside, gills also, dingy
ochraceous, stem reddish downwards. Pileus about 1 in.
across, plane, flesh thin ; gills 3 lines broad, narrowed in
COLLYBIA. 129
front, sliglitly cut out "beliind ; stem about 2 in. long,
2i lines thick at the apex, [gradually becoming narrow to
the base, very wavy, hollow ; spores elliptic-oblong, white,
S X 4-5 /x.
Collybia vertiruga. Cooke.
Pileus |-1 in. across, flesh thin, tough, radiately wrinkled,
minutely pulverulent, campanulate, then convex, at length
plane, dull brown or grey ; gills adnate, narrow, connected
by veins, white with a tinge of j^ellow; stem 2-2^ in. high,
1-1 line thick, tawny, minutely velvety, strigose at the base,
fistulose.
Agaricus (^Colhjhia) vertirugis, Cke., Hdbk., ed. 1, p. 147;
ed. 2, p. 60; Cke. Illustr., pi. 149a.
Agaricus undatus, Berk., Outl., p. 117.
On dead fern roots, twigs, &c.
Distinguished from C. stipitaria by the dingy pileus, and
the adnate gills, connected by veins.
Pileus 1 line to 1 in. broad, campanulate, at length convexo-
plane, wrinkled in the direction of the gills, tough, submem-
iDranaceous, minutely pulverulent, dull brown or cinereous.
Gills truly adnate, ascending or horizontal, moderately
distant, connected by veins, white with a yellowish tinge.
Stem 2-2 i- in. high, -J-1 line thick, strigose at the base,
rufous, minutely velvety, fistulose, sometimes comjoressed.
(Berk.)
Collybia stipitaria. Fr.
Pileus 2-5 lines across, flesh thin; convex then plane,
umbilicate, whitish, clothed with tav/ny or brown fibrils
that sometimes form minute squamules ; gills separating
from the stem and becoming free, rather distant, ventricose,
white ; stem 1—2 in. long, slender, equal, tough, bright
brown or bay, more or less hairy, stuffed then hollow.
Agaricus {Collybia^ stipitarius, Pries, S^'st. Myc, i. p. 138;
€ke., Hdbk., p. (56; Cke., Illustr., pi. 149b.
On grass, twigs, &c.
Gregarious. Very remarkable, small, pileus whitish, often
'discoid, with the habit of Marasmius perforans. (Fries.)
In some of Cooke's figures the pileus is minutely papillate,
^fcera shorter than in C. vcrtiruga, and gills free.
VOL. III. K
130 FUNGUS-FLORA.
** Gills very narrow, closely crowded.
Collybia hariolorum. Bi:ill.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesli thin, tongli; campaniilately
convex, then expanded, obtuse, sometimes depressed, even,
glabrous, whitish, margin slightly striate ; gills slightly
adnexed at first, soon free, not much crowded, narrow,
whitish ; stem up to 3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, rather com-
pressed, for the most part covered with a wdiitish woolly
down, apex generally naked and pale, the remainder reddish-
brown, hollow, the wall of the cavity downy, cartilaginous,
almost equal ; spores elliptical, 6-7 X 3-4 fx.
Agaricus Jiariolorum, Bull., t. 585, f. 2 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 66 ;
Cke., lllustr., pi. 150a.
In woods, among leaves, especially beech ; also on rotten
wood.
C. conjiuens differs from the present in the densely crowded,
very narrow gills, and crowded habit of growth.
Collybia confluens. Pers.
Pileus 1 in. and more across, flesh thin but tough, flaccid ;
convex then expanded, obtuse, at length broadly and
obtusely umbonate, h^-grophanous. rufescent when moist,
margin slightly striate ; even and altogether white when
dry; gills free, at length distant from the stem, very closely
crowded and very narrow, linear, pinkish then whitish ;
stem 3-5 in. long, 1 line and more thick, hollow, remarkably
cartilaginous, apex often dilated, rufous, covered everywhere
with whitish down, often densely crowded and hence more
or less compressed ; spores subglobose, 7-9 /x diameter.
Agaricus confluens, Pers., Syn., p. 368 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 6Q ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 150b.
In woods, among leaves, &c.
Growing in troops, many individuals springing from the
same spreading mycelium and becoming confluent, but
easily separating from each other, and not truly caespitose.
(Fries.)
Known by the crowded habit, crowded rufous stems,
everywhere covered with white down, and the thin, flaccid
pileus.
Densely tufted, often in large rings. Pileus 1-1^ in.
COLLYBIA. 131
broad, reddish-brown, changing when dry to cream-colour,
at first convex, with the gills perfectly free so as to leave a
naked ring round the tup of tlie stem, at length expanded
absolutely umbonate more or less iriegnhir and compressed,
the margin when fresh finely striate. Gills distinctly free,
linear, finely serrulate, pale changing to cream-colour. Stem
2 in. or more high, above 1 line thick, compressed, thickest
upwards, and pale rufous below ; the whole villous with
white mealy pubescence ; not strigose. (Berk.)
Pileus 1 in. across, reddish-brown, caespitose ; stem 2 in.
high and more, above 1 line thick, pale rufous below, the
whole covered with white mealy pubescence. Probably this
is a true Marasmius. It is of a much drier texture than is
usual in Agaricus. (Cooke.)
Collybia ingrata. Schum.
Pileus about 1^ in. across, flesh thin, tough ; globose, then
campanulate, then expanded and umbonate, glabrous, dingy
brownish-tan ; gills free but close to the stem, closely
crowded and very narrow, quite entire, pallid ; stem 2-3 in.
long, 2-3 lines thick, often twisted, wavy and compressed,
brownish, umber below, with white pulverulent down above,
or sometimes everywhere, cartilaginous, hollow.
Agaricus ingratus, Schum., SaelL, ii. p. 304; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 67 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 283 (very different to the figure
given by Fries, Icon., pi. 64:, f. 1).
Damp places in woods.
Caespitose, tough, with a mouldy unpleasant smell. Allied
to C. conjliiens, but differing in habit, the stems being
brownish and not matted together at the base and not
floccose, pileus brownish-tan, and gills although free, very
close to the stem.
Fries describes two forms : — (J..) Tufted, tough, with a
mouldy smell. Stem cartilaginous, hollow, 2-3 in. long,
2-3 lines thick, or broader when compressed, flexuons,
twisted, brownish, base not rooting, at len2;th umber,
powdered with white meal above, wall of the cavity downy.
Pileus thin, tough, globoso-campanulate then expanded,
umbonate, 1^ in. across, even, glabrous, dingy brownish-
tan, difficult to describe. Gills free, very much crowded
and narrow, but slightly ventricose, quite entire, pallid.
K 2
132 FUNGUS-FLORA.
{B.) Minor. Stem Ij in. long, about 1 line tliick, pul-
Terulent, glabrous and thinner downwards, outside and
inside colour of the pileus, not rufescent. Pileus convex
then plane, 1 in. across. (Fries.)
Collybia conigena. Pers.
Pileus h-1 in. across, flesh thin, rather firm ; convex then
almost plane, somewhat umbonate, unequal, often angular,
also depressed, glabrous, j^ellowish brick-red, becoming pale
and sometimes almost white, margin slightly striate when
moist ; gills slightly adnexed, soon free, crowded, rather
narrow, pallid ; stem 1-3 in. long, very slender, car-
tilaginous, tough, coloured like the pileus, covered every-
where at first wdth white flocculent powder, at length almost
naked, terminating in a strigose, rooting base, spores broadly
elliptical, 4-5 X 3 //.
Agaricus conigenus^ Pers., S}ti., p. 388 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 67 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 130.
In pine woods, growing on cones and among pine leaves.
Usually gregarious. Known from C. tenacella and C. esculenta
by the free, closely crowded, narrow gills. C. cirrhata difi'ers
in the adnate gills.
Gregarious. Pileus 1 in. or more broad, rather irregular,
umbonate, expanded, often depressed, sometimes quite smooth,
but occasionally more or less lanato-pubescent ; sometimes
tinged with chocolate, but generally ochraceo-rufous ; pale
when dry, and then occasionally zoned, flesh woolly when
dry, firm when moist. Gills very numerous, linear, free or
only adnexed, tinged with yellow, or of the colour of the
])ileus, the unequal ones very long. Spores white, globose.
. Stem veiy various in height, \-\h lines thick, tough, pul-
verulento-pubescent with a long very strigose rooting base,
rufous, hollow, the inside woolly. Certainly a very distinct
species from the last (A. tenacellus). I do not find any pro-
cesses on the gills. It must not be confounded with A. con-
Jluens. (Berk.)
Collybia cirrhata. Fr.
Pileus up to h in. across, flesh thin ; conico-convex then
plane, the disc at length umbilicately depressed, rufescent,
often with a central papilla, rather silky, at length very
slightly and often concentrically rivulose, opaque, white;
COLLYBIA. 13^
gills annate, at length separated from the stem, crowded,
exceedingly narrow, very unequal, white ; stem 1-2 in. -
long, very slender, flexuons, pallid, delicately coated with
white mealy down, ending in an elongated librillose, twisted
root ; spores elliptical, 4-5 X 2-3 /a.
Agaricus (CoUyhia) cirrJiatus^ Fries, Epicr., p. 89.
Among moss, &c.
Sclerotium not present in this species. Very variable in
size, but always small, tough, whitish, often becoming tinged
with rufous. (Fries.)
Allied to C. conigena but knoT^Ti by the gills being adnate
at first. Differs from C. tuherosa in the rooting fibrillose
base of the stem, and the absence of a sclerotium.
Collybia tuberosa. Bull.
Pileus up to h in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane-, .
umbonate but not umbilicately depressed, minutely silky then
almost glabrous, even, opaque, white ; gills adnate, crowded,
thin, unequal, white, slightly ventricose; stem i-li" ^^- loi^g?
thin, usually ascending, equal, obsoletely powdery, white,,
rarely tinged rufous, base quite glabrous, springing from
a smooth, solid, yellowish or reddish sclerotium; spores
elliptical, 4-6 x 2-3 /m.
Agaricus tuherosus, BuUiard, t. 256; Cke., Hdbk., p. 67;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 144a.
Agaricus {Collyhia) cin-hatus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 67 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 144b.
Growing on decaying species of Bussida and other Agarics,
and on the ground among moss, &g.
Small but tough, rather firm, gregarious, entirely white. -
C. cirrhata resembles the present species, but difi'ers in having
a downy rooting base to the stem, and in not springing from
a sclerotium.
Collybia racemosa. Pers.
Pileus 3-4 lines across, flesh very thin ; convex, papillate,
covered with grey down ; gills adnate, crowded, white ; stem
1-2 in. long, slender, bearing slender, minute stems with
abortive pilei, base black, sclerotioid, stuffed.
Agaricus racemosus, Persoon, Disp., t. 3, f. 8 ; Cke., Hdbk.,,,-
p. 67.
Agaricus racemosus, Sowerby, t. 287.
1S4 FUNGUS-FLOE A.
On putrid Agarics, and on the ground.
In all probability a monstrous or abnormal form of some
species, bearing a raceme of minute secondary stems, with,
minute imperfect pilei on the main stem.
III. LAEYIPEDES.
* Gills hroad, lax, usually more or less distant,
Collybia collina. Scop.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, white ; campanulate then
expanded, becoming flattened and umbonate, glabrous, rather
viscid when moist, also slightly striate ; even and shining
when dry ; brown or tan-colour, becoming pale ; gills
adnexed when young, then free, rather distant, broad, lax,
white then pallid ; stem -^-4 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, hollow,
rather fragile, almost equal or slightly thinner upwards,
even, glabrous, pallid-wliite, base downy.
Agaricus colliniis, Scopoli, Carn., p. 132 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 68 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 205.
In grassy places.
Usually gregarious. With the habit of a Mycena, but the
margin incurved at first. Somewhat resembling a small
form of G. radicata, but differing in the abrupt, and not
rooting base of stem.
Collybia thelephora. Cke. & Mass.
Pileus §-l| in. across, flesh rather thin ; campanulate, lax,
with a small but acute papillate umbo, margin incurved at
first, then expanded and wavy, glabrous, slightly striate,
pale dingy ocliraceous, the disc darker; gills adnate, Ih line
broad, narrower in front, thin, rather crowded, whitish;
stem 3—4 in. long, 1—1^ line thick, equal, hollow, glabrous,
even, base purplish-brown, paler upwards; spores elliptical,
9 X 7 /x.
Agaricus (Collijbia^ tJieleplwrus, Cke. & Massee, Grevillea,
xviii. p. 51 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1167.
lu partly dried up Spliagnum bogs.
Gregarious. Inodorous. The pilens is sometimes slightly
depressed round the umbo. The habit is that of a Mycena,
COLLYBIA. 135
but the margin is distinctly incurved when jonng. Known
hy the thin, persistently campanulate, lax pileus, and the
small but acute, pointed umbo.
Collybia ventricosa. Bull.
Pileus 1-1 i in. across, flesh thin; campanulate, then
convex and umbonate, glabrous, pale tan or pale dingy
ochraceous; gills arcuately aclnexed, ventricose, 1^ line
broad, rather crowded, undulate, rufesceut ; stem 3-4 in.
long, ventricose near tlie base, where it is 2-3 Hues thick,
almost equal above and 1 line thick, ending below the
s^'-elling in a slender, tapering, rooting base, coloured like
ttie pileus or rufesceut, even, naked, hollow.
Agaricus ventricosus, BuUiard, Champig. Fr., t. 411, f . 1 ;
Cke., lUustr. pi. 145a; Cke., Hdbk., p. 08.
In w^oods.
Somewhat resembling C. dri/opliila, but distinguished by
the longer stem being ventricose or swollen near the base,
and rooting.
Collybia leucomyosotis. Cke. & Sm.
Strong-scented, rather fragrant. Pileus about 1 in. across,
flesh rather thick, dingy; convex then expanded, sometimes
obtusely umbonate, pale mouse-colour, disc darker, margin
paler and faintly striate, almost white when dry ; gills
adnate and distinctly sinuate behind, thick, rather distant,
1-| line broad, w^hite ; stem 4-5 in. long, l|-2 lines thick,
equal, straight or slightly wavy, very brittle, pallid, base
white and obtuse, slightly prninose above ; spores elliptical,
<3 X 4 ^.
Agaricus (^Collybia) leucomyosotis, Cke. and Smith; Cke.,
PIdbk., p. 369; Cke., lUustr., pi. 651.
On Sphagnum, in bogs.
Habit very much resembling the figure in Fries' Icones, of
Naucoria myosotis, hence the name. (Cooke.)
Distinguished by the strong scent and the adnate, sinuate
gills.
Collybia Stevensoni. B. & Br.
Pileus J in. across and high, flesh thin; semiovate or
hemispherical, obtuse, viscitl, pallid yellow, spotted here
and there; gills broadly adnate with a decurrent tooth.
136 FUXGUS-FLOEA.
"broad, distant, white; stem 1| in. long, not 1 line thick,
equal, fibrillose, pulverulent above, externally and internally
lufons, rooting; spores 10-11 X 7-8 fi.
Agaricus (CoJhjhia) Stevensoni, Berk, and Broome ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 68 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 14ob.
On the ground.
Somewhat resembling C. esculenta, but differing in the
pileus not becoming plane, and in the broad, distant, adnate
gills.
Collybia psathyroides. Cooke.
Ivory-white. Pileus about J in. broad, and nearly I in,
high, flesh thin ; campanulate, obtuse, rather viscid, margin,
regular, even; gills broadly adnate and with a decurreut
tooth, triangular, J in. and more broad, rather distant, persist-
ently white ; stem 3— i in. long, 1 line thick, equal, straight,,
hollow, rather tough ; spores elliptic-oblong, 15 X 7 /x.
Agaricus {ColJijhia) psatliyroides, Cke., Hbk., p. 68; Cke.,,
Illustr., pi. 266.
On the ground.
A very remarkable and distinct species with the habit of
a Psatliyra. Known by being wholly white, and the very
broad and broadly adnate gills.
Collybia xanthopoda. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, campanulately convex
then expanded, lax, umbonate, glabrous, dry, tan-colour
becoming pale, margin at length spreading and slightly
striate ; gills adnexed at first, soon free, truncate behind,,
crowded, very broad, lax, whitish ; stem 3-4 in. long, 2-3-
lines thick, tough, hollow, equal, even, glabrous, tawny-
yellow, base strigosely rooting.
Agaricus (CoUi/hia) cianthojjus, Fr., Epicr., p. 91; Cke.,.
Hdbk., p. 69 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 203.
In pine woods, &c.
Allied to C. dryoplula, but distinguished by the umbo,,
very broad gills and strigose rooting base of stem. C. succinea
differs in not being umbonate.
Collybia nitellina. Fr.
Pileus 1-1^ in. across, flesh thin, coloured ; convex then
expanded, even, shining, tawny, often with a brick-red
C0LLYI3IA. 13T
tinge, pale when dry, hygrophanoiis ; gills broadly adnate^
thin, rather crowded, white then pallid; stem 2-3 in. long,
abont Ih in. thick, equal, rigid, glabrous, tawny, very slightly
fistulose.
Agaricus (Colhjhia) nitelliniis, Fries, Epicr., p. 80; Cke.^
Hdbk., p. 69.
Among grass by paths in pine woods, &c.
Solitary or gregarious, inodorous. Stem stuffed then-
fistulose, 2-3 in. long, 1^ line thick, equal and often
flexuose, glabrous, slightly striate, tawny-ferruginous^,
yellow when dry, base often with down and rooting; apex;
rarely pruinose. Pileiis somewhat membranaceous, convex
then plane, obtuse, 1-1 j in. broad, glabrous, but somewhat
rugulose when seen in a good light, tawny or brick-red-
tawny and pellucidly striate when moist, somewhat tan-
colour when dry ; flesh thin, similarly coloured. Gills.
adnate, very obtuse behind, and equally attenuated to tlie
front, not very much crowded, narrow, quite entire, whitish.
A pretty species, very distinct, and widely separated from
C. acervata. With the habit of Laccaria laccata, there is a
smaller variety having the stem scarcely 1 in. long, pileus-
^ in. broad, umbonate. (Fries.)
Cooke has figured a fungus (lUustr., pi. 146) that on the
plate is called a variety of the present species, but in the
" Handbook " is quoted under the species which appears to
be very different from the present species. The figure in
Illustr., pi. 202, called Agaricus (Collyhia) xylopMlus, agrees
closely with his fig. 146, quoted above; what these are iiL
reality, I do not know.
Collybia succinea. Fr.
Pileus 1 in. or more across, flesh thin ; convex then ex-
panded, obtuse, at length usually depressed and unequal,,
even, glabrous, rufous or brownish, cracked when dry; gills
adnate, obtuse behind not much crowded, very broad, rather-
thick, pallid white, margin minutely toothed ; stem 1-2 in.,
long, 1-2 lines thick, equal or narrowed at the base, not
rooting, even, glabrous everywhere, polished, pale rufescent,,
hollow, tough.
Agaricus (Collyhia) succineus, Epicr., p. 91 ; Cke., Hdbk.^
p. 69 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 151a.
188 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
Among grass, under trees, &c.
Clearly distinguished from C. dryoplilla by tlie broader,
thicker, less crowded gills ; and from C. xantho^oda by the
absence of an umbo.
Collybia nummularia. Bull.
Pileus about l-J- in. across, dry, flesh thin ; soon almost
plane and slightly dej^ressed round the umbo, even, pallid
or whitish, often variegated with reddish or yellow stains ;
gills free, broadest behind, rather distant, white; stem
1^-2 in. long, 1 line or more thick, often slightly thinner
downwaids, pallid, stuffed then hollow.
Agaricus nummularius, Bulliard, Champ., t. 56 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 151b; Cke., Hdbk., p. 69.
Among leaves.
Distinguished by being entirely white or pallid, and by
the plane pileus being slightly depressed round the small,
obtu;se umbo.
Collybia esculenta. Wulf.
Pileus ^-| in. acro.^s, flesh thin, tough, white, pleasant
tasted ; convex then plane, orbicular, obtuse, glabrous, even,
or slightly striate when old, ochraceous-tan or brownish;
gills adnexed, often with a very minute decurrent tooth,
then seceding from the stem, very broad, almost obovate, lax,
rather distant, whitish or with a tinge of tan-colour ; stem
1-2 in. long, scarcely 1 line thick, tough, straight, in-
distinctly hollow, even, glabrous, rather shining, yellowish-
tan, ending in a long, perpendicular, usually glabrous,
rooting base.
Agaricus escidentus, Wulf, in Jacq. Coll., xi. t. 14, f. 4;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 69; Cke., Illustr., pi. 152a.
In woods, pastures, &c.
Gregarious but never caespitose. C. tenacella is allied to
the present species, but diifers in the rooting base of the
stem being fibrillose, and in the snow-white gills.
The root is sometimes 6 in. long, and downy when
growing amongst leaves, either perpendicular or flexuous.
Much eaten in Austria, wliere, in the beginning of Aj)ril
large baskets of io are brought to market under the name
of Nagelschwamme, which accords Avith Linneus's name
COLLYBIA. 139
A. clavus. It has, liowever, a bitter, unpleasant taste.
(Berk.)
Collybia tenacella. Pers.
Pileus about l-f^ in. across, flesli thin, white, not hygro-
phanous; convex then expanded, orbicuhir, somewhat uinbo-
nate, even, gLabrous, brown, becoming pale, livid, or rarely
w^hite ; gills adnexed, emarginate, broad, ventricose, hence ap-
pearing lax, rather distant, distinct, snow-white; stem 2-3 in,
long, sometimes up to 5 in., not 1 line thick, equal, straight,
tven, glabrous, tawny, apex wliite, naked, ending in a long,
fibrillose rooting base ; spores elliptical, 5-6 X 3 /x.
Agaricus tenacella, Pers., Ic. Pict., t. 1, f. 3, 4; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 70; Cke., Illustr., pi. 152b, and 649.
In woods, especially pine.
Very tough; inodorous, solitary, or sometimes in troops.
Differs from C. esculenta in the root being downy, and the
gills snow-w^hite.
Pileus J-1 in. broad, when young conic, then convex and
subhemispherical, at length expanded then plane, sometimes
slightl}^ umbilicate, not striate, sub-carnose, smooth, dry,
cinereous, inclining to yellowish; often altogether abortive.
Gills free, or often adnexed, ventricose, s mietimes re-
markably so, rather distant, the shorter ones truncate
behind ; in general pure white, but sometimes wdth a tinge
of grey ; under a powerful lens covered with variously
hooked or conic papillae. Stem 2-4 in. long, scarcely 1 line
thick, flexuous, filiform, attenuated very much towards the
base and somewhat strigose, hollow, pale above, below
tawny, very minutely pubescent under a good lens ; when
young beautifully downy, and then not distinctly hollow,
but with onl}" a pale line down the centre. Taste very
pleasant. (Berk.)
Var. stolonifer, Jungh., in Linnea (1830), p. 396; Cke.,
Habk., p. 70; Cke., Illustr., pi. 152c.
The plants spring at intervals from a long, creeping,
stolon-like or rhizomorphoid mycelium.
Among fir leaves, &c.
Collybia eustygia. Cooke.
Odour of rancid meal. Pileus 1 J-2 in. across, flesh white,
140 FUNGUS-FLORA.
tliick at the disc, margin very tliin ; convex then plane^
sometimes depressed, sometimes wavy, even, smooth, tough,
dingy white, a little darker at the disc, shining when dry ;
gills rounded behind and adnexed or appearing to be almost
free when the pileus is depressed, not crowded, dark grey ;
stem 2-3 in. long, 3 lines thick, attenuated downwards into
a rooting base, "usnally slightly curved, white above and
sprinkled with small point-like scales, darker below and
often becoming sooty, somewhat longitudinally striate or
fibrous, stuffed or rarely hollow ; spores white, globofce^
4-5 /x diameter.
Agaricus (^Colhjhia) eustygius, Cke., Grev., xix. p. 41 ; Cke.^
Illustr., pi. 1185.
On the ground.
A well-marked species, characterised by the dark grey
gills and strong rancid smell. Distinguished from the grey-
gilled species of Clitocyhe and Tricholoma by the character of
the gills. The whole plant turns black when dry.
** Gills narroiv, crowded.
Collybia acervata. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, convex then expanded,
obtuse or at length gibbous, pale flesh-colour when moist,,
whitish when dry, margin at first incurved, then expanded
and slightly striate ; gills adnexed at first, soon free, very
closely crowded, narrow, plane, tinged flesh-colour then
whitish; stem 2-4 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, rigid, fragile,,
distinctly fistulose, slightly attenuated upwards, rarely
compressed, very glabrous except at the base, even, rufous-
or sometimes brown, wall of the cavity of the stem glabrous ;
sjjores elliptical, 7-8 X 3*5 /x.
Agaricus (Collybia) acervatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 92; Cke.,,
Hdbk., p. 70 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 267.
In woods at base of pine trunks, &c.
Caespitose, stems numerous, crowded, joined together and!
covered with white down at the base. Allied to C. conjluensy.
but distinguished by the very glabrous stem.
Collybia dryophila. Bull.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, white ; convex theii
COLLYBIA. lil
plane, obtuse, centre usually depressed, reddish bay or pale
tan, becoming pale but not hygrophanous, even, glabrous,
margin incurved at first, theji expanded; gills almost free,
with a minute decurrent tooth, but appearing as if adnexed,
•when the pileus is depressed, crowded, narrow, distinct,
plane, white or pallid ; stem 1-2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick,
cartilaginous, distinctly hollow, even, glabrous, somewhat
rooting, base often swollen when growing in damp places
iimong leaves, coloured, usually yellowish or rufesjent ;
spores elliptic-fusiform, 7-8 X 4 /x.
Agaricus (Collyhia) ch'i/ojjhilus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 70 ; Cke.,
lllustr., pi. 204.
Agaricus dryojjlnlus, Bull., Champ., t. 434.
On the ground; among fallen leaves; on rotten wood, &c.
Distinguished from its nearest allies by the narrow,
-crowded gills and obtuse pileus.
Solitary or loosely gregarious, inodorous, very variable ;
pileus rufous-bay, yellowish, or tan-colour; in dry pine
woods a form occurs having a white pileus and gills and a
3'ellow stem. Gills sometimes sulphur-colour, and some-
times (a morbid state) cinnamon-tan. The following forms
•occur : —
(A.) Stem elongated, flexuous, decumbent, base swollen ;
pileus broad, lobed, gills white : —
(5.) funicularis, large tufted ; stem lax, decumbent, base
equal, downy; gills sulphur-colour: —
(C) Numerous individuals growing together in a large
tuft; stem thick, swollen, deformed, sulcate, brown, myce-
lium binding the soil into a mass; pileus much deformed,
angular, waved, blackish then bay. Damp soil in gardens.
(Fries.)
Solitary or tufted, very variable in size and colour.
Pileus 1-3 in. broad, whitish, pinkish, yellowish or livid,
plane, sometimes depressed, fleshy, thin, tender, easily
injured, of a watery substance. Gills free, white or very
pale flesh-colour, soft, tender, entire or serrate, numerous,
^tem 2-3 in. high, ^\ in. thick, shining, splitting,
sometimes twisted, of the same colour as the pileus, but
the summit is generally darker and pinkish. The whole
plant is fragile and easily detached from the stem.
(Grev.)
142 FUNGUS-FLOKA.
Collybia aquosa. Fr.
Every part honey-colour, water}^ liygrophanoTis. Pileus
aljoiit 1 in. across, very tliin but tough, soon plane, obtuse,
orbicular, not depressed, margin densely and finely striate ;
gills slightly adnexed, soon leaving the stem and becoming
free, very much crowded, narrow, whitish; stem stuffed
lh-2h in. long, scarcely 1 line thick, equal, rather wavy,
surface slightly undulated, polished and glabrous, stuffed ;
spores elliptical, 6 x 3— i /y.,
Agaricus (Collybia) aquosus, Fries, Yet. Ac. Forh, 1851;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 71; Cke., Illustr., pi. 234.
Damp woods, among moss, &c.
Var. Bnlliardii ; Agaricus aquosus, Bull., Champ. Fr.,
t. 12. Pileus ochraceous, with a brick-red tinge, becoming
whitish ; stem tawny-rufous, base fibrillose.
Intermediate between the present and C. dryopliila,
Collybia extuberans. Fr.
Pileus |— Ij in. across, flesh rather thin, convex then
expanded, with a broad, prominent umbo, margin slightly-
incurved, bay or umber ; gills narrowed behind and slightly
adnexed, nearly free, crowded, narrow, white ; stem 2-3 in.
long, 2-3 lines thick, glabrous, pallid, fistulose, rooting.
Agaricus {Collybia) extuberans. Fries, Epicr., p. 93; Fries,
Icon., t. 67, f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 71.
On the ground, near trunks, and on rotten wood.
Solitary, tough, inodorous; stem fistulose or stuffed,
rooting, 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, straight or a
little wavy, even, glabrous, not pulverulent, whitish. Pileus
campanulate then expanded, umbo broad, prominent, orbi-
cular, 1-1 J in. broad, glabrous, even, not hygrophanous,
rufous-brown, bay, or umber, becoming paler towards the
margin, which is at first incurved. Flesh white. Gills
attenuated behind and adnate, separating and appearing to
be free, crowded, 1-2 lines broad, whitish. Affinities
difficult to indicate, in point of size may be compared with
Collybia ijrotracta, but differs from every species in the large
tuberculiform umbo. (Fries.)
Collybia exsculpta. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, convex, truly umbiliccate
CULLYBIA. 143
tawnj^-brown, not becoming pale; gills adnexed, densely
crowded, arcuate, linear, bright sulphur-yellow ; stem about
1 in. long, 1 line thick, incurved, clear sulphur-yellow,
hollow.
Agaricus (Colh/hia) exsculptus, Fries, Epicr., p. 93 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 71 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 2G8a.
On dead wood, &c.
Distinguished from allied species by its toughness, and
the sulphur-yellow colour of the gills and stem.
Entire fungus very dry and tough. This species and
C. aquosa may almost be considered as the two opposite
extremes of C. drijopliila. (Fries.)
Collybia macilenta. Fr.
Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, yellow; convex then
flattened, obtuse, orbiculate, even, glabrous, quite dry, dark
yellow; gills soon separating from the stem and becoming-
free, closely crowded, narrow, linear, very unequal, pure
yellow ; stem about 1|- in. long, not 1 line thick, equal, not
straight but usually wavy throughout, naked, glabrous,
bright yellow, indistinctly hollow, tough, cartilaginous, base
slightly rooting ; spores elliptical, 5-6 X 3 /x.
Agaricus {CoUyhia) macilentus, Fries, Epicr., p. 93 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 71 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 268b.
In pine woods on leaves, &c.
Agreeing in size with G, esculenta, but readily known
from this and every other species by the yellow colour of
every part.
Collybia clavus. Linn.
Pileus 1-4 lines across, flesh very thin, conically-convex
then plane, somewhat papillate, glabrous, shining, orange-
scarlet, disc often darker, margin slightly striate ; gills
adnexed, ventricose, rather broad, somewhat crowded but
not numerous, white, rarely with a yellow tinge ; stem up
to 1 in, long, very slender, naked glabrous, whitish, base
downy ; spores pip-shaped, 4 X 2 • 5 /x.
Agaricus clavus, Linn., Fl. Suec, n. 1212 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 71; Cke., Illustr., pi. 147a.
On twigs, &c.
The smallest species in the genus, distinguished by the
14 1 FUNGUS-ILOKA.
TDriglit-coloured pilens. Mycena acicula differs in the yellow
-gills and larger spores, also in the rooting stem.
Pilens \—4: lines broad, campanulate, generally umhonate,
margin striate, under a powerful lens most minutely j'ilose,
bright orange, the umbo darkest, subcarnose, within deep
orange. Gills few, somewhat ventricose, adnexed or adnate,
with shorter ones between them, white tinged with yellow.
Stem about 1 in. long, quite filiform, flexuous, nearly equal,
minutely pilose like the pileus, pale yellow with a line
"w^ithin showing it to be fistulose. When growing on sticks
i;here are a few minute strigae at the base. (Berk.)
Collybia ocellata. Fr.
Pileus about \ in. across, flesh thin; conico-convex then
plane ; disc depressed and darker, brown, rufous, yellowish,
■with a small paler umbo ; even whitish, margin usually
crenulate ; gills adnate, at length sej^arating from the stem,
closely crowded, alternate ones shorter, white; stem 1-lh in.
long, very slender, equal, tough, glabrous, naked, brownish-
white or yellowish, base slightly rooting, fibrillose, minutely
fistulose.
Agaricus {CoUyhia) ocelatus. Fries, Epicr., p. 94; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 71 ; Cke., Illustr., ^\. 147b.
Among grass in pine woods, &c.
Dry, persistent. Distinguished from C. cirrliata by the
•glabrous stem.
Collybia muscigena. Schum.
Pure white. Pileus 1-3 lines across, almost mem-
branaceous ; convex then plane, obtuse, even ; gills adnate,
rather crowded, linear; stem about 1 in. long, very slender,
equal, wavy, glabrous.
Agaricus muscigenus, Schum., Saell., p. 307 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 72 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 147c.
Among moss near trunks, &c.
Keadily distinguished in the present genus by its pure
white colour and very small size. Known from the small
white species of Mycena by the broadly adnate gills and
even pileus.
COLLYBIA. 14'5
IV. TEPHEOPHANxiE.
* Gills crowded J very narrow,
CoUybia rancida. Fr.
Smell strong. Pilens 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, carti-
laginous and tough ; convex then plane, broadly and obtusely
Timbonate, glabrous, even, not hj^grophanous but viscid after
being wet for some time, greyish-black, sooty, becoming
pale, covered at first with a delicate whitish bloom; gills
free, crowded, narrow but ventricose, dark grey, slightly
pruinose; stem 3-6 in long, 2 lines thick, equal, glabrous,,
even, livid, hollow, rigid, straight, with a long, fusiform,
downy rooting base ; spores elliptical, 7-10 x 4-5 /x.
Agaricus (Collijhia) rancidus, Fries, Epicr., p. 95; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 72; Cke., Illustr., pi. 153a.
On trunks and stumps, also on the ground among:
moss, &c.
Smell strong, like fresh meal but somewhat rancid.
Fries describes a form of this species as follows : —
Stem 2 in. long, with a short rooting base. Pileus bullate,
wavy, 2h in. across, depressed round the umbo, and outside
the depression bounded by an elevated ridge, almost black ;
gills linear, veined and connected by veins, sooty, powdered
with white. (Fries.)
Distinguished among the strong-smelling species by the
long rooting stem.
Pileus convex-conical when young, at length, nearly quite
plane, obtusely umbonate, more or less rugose and some-
what glutinous, smooth, generally possessing considerable
toughness and elasticity; in regard to colour it is very
irregular, being whitish, ash-colour, brown, smoke-grey,
reddish, olivaceous, greenish, or even, according to Schu-
macher, sometimes yellow, the most frequent is an olivaceous
and greenish hue. Flesh very thin, white. Lamella rather
distant, white, fixed, rather broad, entire, mostly 4 in a set.
Stipes generally solid, rarely with a small spongy cavity,
4-8 in. high, firm, smooth, slightly twisted, pale fawn-colour,
or tinged with green, gradually tapering upwards. Eoot-
fusiform, 4-12 in. in length or more, brownish, tough. The
VOL. III. L
146 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
pileus is so tenacious, tbat, in some specimens it may be
folded betwixt the fingers without tearing. (Grev.)
Collybia coracina. Fr.
Smell strong. Pileus up to Ij in. across, flesh very
thin except at the disc ; convex then expanded, naked,
hygrophanous, brownish then grey; gills adnexed, soon
separating from the stem, rather broad, hardly crowded,
greyif^h-white ; stem about Ih in. long, 2 lines or more thick
at the base, becoming thinner upwards, not rooting, brown,
apex pale and mealy wdth white squamules, hollow, rigid,
often deformed.
Agaricus (Collyhia) coraciniis, Fries., Epicr., p. 95; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 72 ; Cke., Illustr., pi, 153b.
Among grass in woods.
Smell strong, like new meal. Stem hollow, remarkably
cartilaginous, rigid and tough when young and mostly com-
pressed, sometimes lacunose, Ij. in. long, 2 lines thick, more
when compressed, becoming thinner upwards, not rooting,
brownish, apex mealy with white squamules ; pileus rather
thin and cartilaginous, convex then expanded, sometimes
umbonate, at others depressed, often deformed and wavy,
1-| in. and more broad, even or wrinkled tow^ards the margin,
glabrous, browm and shining when growing, grey and
opaque when old and dry ; gills obtusely adnate, soon
separating from the stem and often appearing to be free,
broad, scarcely crow^ded, distinct at first, then especially in
deformed individuals, connected by veins, greyish- white.
(Fries.)
The present species agrees with C. rancida and C. ozes in
the strong smell; differs from the former in the short stem
being thickened at the base and not rooting. C. ozes differs
in the long, slender, flexuous stem.
Collybia ozes. Fr.
Smell strong, resembling new meal. Pileus 1-1^ in.
across, flesh thin; convex then plane, umbonate, glabrous,
hygrophanous, gieyish-brown w^hen moist and margin striate ;
brownish- tan or pallid, and everywhere even when dry ; gills
adnate, slightly ventricose, crowded, 2-3 lines broad, quite
entire, smoky-olive ; stem 2^-4 in. long, 1 line thick, equal,
COLLYBIA. 147
or veiy slightly narrowed at the base, lax, wavy, fragile,
smoky-grey, apex powdered with white meal.
Acjaricus {Collijhia) ozes, Fries, Epicr., p. 95; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 72.
On pine leaves, &c.
Allied to C. rancida, which differs in the free gills con-
nected by veins.
CoUybia inolens. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thick, not cartilaginous ;
campaniilate then convex, at length plane, and for the most
part broadly and obtusely umbonate, very glabrous, hygro-
phanous, livid when moist ; pale tan, rather silky but opaque
when dry ; gills adnexed, seceding and becoming almost
free, 1-2 lines broad, linear or slightly ventricose, greyish-
white ; stem 2-4 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, more when com-
pressed, equal, the surface wavy, livid, pale when dry;
rigid at first, then very soft and hollow; base with white
strigose down, apex with white squamules ; spores elli^Dtical,
7-8 X 4r-5 fjL.
Agaricus (^Collybia) inolens. Fries, Epicr., p. 96; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 73; Cke., Illustr., pi. 154a.
On the ground in pine woods, &c.
Smell very weak or entirely absent, and in this respect
differing from C. rancida, C. ozes, and C. coracina, C. plexites
and C. p'otracta differ in the stem being glabrous at the
apex.
Collybia plexipes. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin ; campanulate, not ex-
panding, umbonate, somewhat wrinkled, slightly striate, at
first blackish with a whitish margin, then sooty-livid; gills
free, very much narrowed behind, ventricose, white then
glaucous; stem about 3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal,
altogether cartilaginous, silkily fibrous and slightly striate
under a lens, from the presence of adpressed interwoven
fibrils, livid, hollow ; stem shortly and abruptly rooting, not
fibrillose ; spores elliptical, 8-9 X 5 /x.
Agaricus (Collybia) i^lexii^es, Fries, Epicr., p. 96; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 73 ; Cke. Illustr., pi. 154b.
Among grass, near stumps, &c.
Inodorous, tough, firm, habit exactly that of a Ji?/ce?ia, and
L 2
148 FUNGUS-FLORA.
the margin is perhaps straight, but from analogy nearest to
Collyhia rancida. (Fries.)
Differs from C. rancida in absence of smell, and from
C. p'otracta in the free gills.
Collybia atrata. Fr.
Pileiis 1-1-2 in. across, flesh rather thick, firm; orbicular,
disc often slightly depressed, margin arched, very smooth
and even, viscid after prolonged rain, pitch black and
shining when moist, fuscous when dry ; gills adnate,
scarcely decurrent, arcuate, then plane, rather broad and
distant, whitish, then greyish or brownish ; stem up to 1 in.
long, 1-2 lines thick, equal or slightly thickened upwards,
round, even, glabrous, brown both inside and outside;
stuffed, often becoming hollow, distinctly cartilaginous-,
tough.
Agaricus (^Collyhia^ atrafus, Fries, Syst. Myc^ i. p. 168;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 73; Cke., Illustr., pi. Iooa.
On the ground in sunny places, and especially where th©
ground has been burnt.
Small, firm, pileus often umbilicate, a distinct species, but
hovering between Collybia and Omphalia.
Collybia ambusta. Fr.
Pileus |-1 in. across, flesh very thin ; convex then plane,
at length depressed, with a minute papillate umbo, glabrous,
brown at first, even, then slightly striate and fusco-livid,
margin involute at first; gills adnate, with a decurrent
tooth, crowded, plane, lanceolate, becoming tinged with
brown ; stem about 1 in. long, rarely more, not 1 line thick,
at length hollow, truly cartilaginous, straight, livid brown,
pruinose when young, naked when adult ; spores 5-6 X 3-4 ^.
Agaricus (Collyhia^ amhustus, Fries, Epicr., p. 97; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 73; Cke., Illustr., 155b.
On scorched ground, &c.
Small, tough, often gregarious, inodorous, entirely soot}"-
brown. Closely allied to C. atrata, but the present species
approaches Mycena to the same extent that G. atrata does
Om]jlialia. The present species is certainly a Collyhia, as-
shown by the margin of the pileus being incurved at first.
(Fries.)
COLLYBIA. 149
Distiuguislied from C. atrata by the papillately umbonate
pileus, and by the stem being whitish-flocculose when
young.
**
Gills very hroad, more or less distant.
Collybia lacerata. Lasch.
Pileus about 1\ in. across, flesh thin; campanulate, rather
obtuse, moist, streaked with dark brown on a pale ground-
colour, disc darker ; gills aduexed, distant, broad, thick,
greyish- white, stem 2-4 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, firm,
twisted, fibrosely-striate, apex floccosely pruinose, at length
compressed, stuffed then hollow.
Agaricus (^Collybia') laceratus, L^sch, in Fries, Hym. Eur.,
p. 127; Cke., Hdbk., p. 73; Cke., lUustr., pi. 2G9.
On the ground, near trunks in pine woods.
Somewhat caespitose. Pileus 1^- in. across, sooty-brown,
at length pale and somewhat shining like the stem, which is
2-4 in. long. Not a typical Collybia, but allied to C. platy-
^hylla, (Fries.)
Collybia murina. Fr.
Pileus 1-1 J in. across, flesh thin, tough ; campanulate
then convex, at length expanded, not striate, rugulose or
very minutely squamulose, dark brown, becoming pale when
dry ; margin incurved at first, always even ; gills adnexed,
very broad, almost obovate, narrowed behind, rather thick,
-distant, distinct, white, becoming grey ; stem 2-3 in. long,
2 lines thick, equal, straight, not rooting but the base
downy ; at first sight appearing to be glabrous, but minutely
fibrillose under a lens, grey, apex white and rather flocculose
when young, hollow ; spores 7 X 4 /x.
Agaricus (^Collybia) murina, Fries, Epicr., p. 97 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 74; Cke., lUustr., pi. 1198.
On the ground, under oaks, &c.
Somewhat resembling C. strata, but differing in the very
broad, almost free gills, and in the pileus not being umbili-
oate.
Collybia protracta. Fr.
Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh thin; convex then plare,
the slightly fleshy diss depressed, often with, a vestige of a
150 FUNGUS-FLOE A.
central umTDO, greyish-brown, shining, margin paler and
distinctly striate ; gills ad nexed but remarkably ventricose,
almost truncate behind, very broad, 3 lines and. more, rather
distant, grey, slightly powdered with white; stem about
3 in. long and 1 line thick, straight, even, glabrous every-
where, livid grey, slightly hollow, distinctly cartilaginous,
but becoming soft, produced underground into a tapering,
iibrons, rooting base.
Agaricus (Colhjh'a) protradus, Fries, Epicr., p. 97; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 74; Cke., Illustr., pi. 270a.
On the ground in pine woods, &c.
Distinguished by the very broad, rather crowded gills and
the rooting stem. C. plexipes differs in the free gills and
persistently campanulate pileus. Smell none, thus differing;
from G. rancida.
Collybia tesquorum. Fr.
Pileus up to J in. across, flesh thin ; convex, obtuse, even,
Wackish-brown, becoming pale ; gills free, rather distant,
ventricose, pale greyish-brown ; stem up to 2 in. long, ^
line thick, equal, brown, apex pruinose, fistulose.
Agaricus (Collyhia) tesquorum, Fiies, Monogr., ii. p. 290;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 74 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 270b,
Among grass in sunny places.
Stem fistulose, 1 J in. high, not a line thick, equal, flexuons,
glabrous, fusci^us, apex mealy. Pileus almost membrana-
ceous, rather firm, convex, very obtuse, glabrous, not striate,
3-5 lines broad, blackish-brown, becoming joale. Gills-
entirely free, very ventricose, 2 lines broad, rather distant,,
greyish brown. Smell none.
The broad, free gills distinguish this from all allied
species. (Fries.)
Collybia clusilis. Fr.
Pileus ^-1 in. across, almost membranaceous ; hemi-
spherical then expanded, umbilicate, glabrous, hygrophanons^
livid, becoming pale ; gills adnexed and with a small de-
current tooth, broad, almost semicircular, plane, crowded,
white then pallid ; stem 1 J-2 in. long, thin, soft, polished
and cartilaginous, glabrous, not quite straight, not rooting,
coloured like the pilens, then pale, base with white down^
stuffed then hollow.
COLLYBIA. 151
Agaricus (^Colhjbia) clusilis, Fries, Epicr., p. 98 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 74; Cke., Ilhistr., pi. 247b.
In woods.
Allied to C. tylicolor but differs in the nmbilicate pileus
and decurrent tooth to the gills. The same features sepa-
rate this species from C. nuiumularia.
Collybia tylicolor. Fr.
Pileus 2~3 i^- across, flesh thin, convex then expanded,
somewhat umbonate, even, unpolished, opaque, bluish-grey,
everywhere powdered with white meal when young; gills
free, distant, broad, plane, rather thick, grey but paler than
the pileus ; stem about 1 in. long and 1 line thick, equal,
even, gre}^, everywhere powdered with white meal, hollow.
Agaricus (Collyhia) tylicolor^ Fries, Epicr., p. 98 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 74; Cke., Illustr., pi. 247a.
In woods.
Inodorous. Known by being entirely grey, and in having
the pileus and stem powdered with white, at least when
young.
Introduced species.
Collybia caldarii. Berk.
Pileus h in. across, hemrspherical, umbonate, brown,
rugose, not turning pale; stem paler, even, cartilaginous
externally, 2 in. high, not a line thick ; gills adnato-decur-
rent, somewhat ash-coloured, interstices near the margin
veined.
Agaricus (^Collyhia^ caldarii^ Berk., Grevillea, i. p. 89 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 75.
On Sphagnum in an orchid pot at Dangstein.
Collybia Dorotheae. Berk.
Pileus 1 in. and more across, at first globose, dark brown,
then flatly hemispherical, at length expanded, with a slight
umbo, and eventually depressed, pale brown, radiately
sulcate from the crenate margin almost to the centre, granu-
lated, beset with short white bristles, which in the young
state point in every direction; stem 2-2 J in. high, scaicely
a line thick, at first brownish above, white below, with a
minute disc-like swelling at the base, then yellowish or
rufous below and white above, granulated like the pileus,
. 1 .3 2 rUNGUS-FLOEA.
and beset with white bristles ; gills white, distant, annexed,
&iightly Tentricose, connected behind ; edge quite entire.
Agaricus (Collyhia) Dorotheae, Berk., Grevillea, i. p. 88;
Oke., Hdbk., p. 75.
On dead fern stem, in a hothouse, Dangstein.
MAEASMIUS. Fries.
Pileus regular, thin, tough and pliant ; gills pliant and
'gather tough, somewhat distant, variously attached or free,
edge thin and quite entire, often connected by veins ; stem
cartilaginous or horny, continuous with the substance of the
pileus, but differing in structure. The species are tough,
dry, shrivelling and drying up (not putrescent), and ex-
panding when moistened.
Marasmius, Fries, EjDicr., p. 372 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 344.
A very distinct genus, but distinguished more especially
by biological characters, and differing from Collyhia and
3Tycena, its nearest allies, by not deliquescing at maturity,
"but drying up and again assuming the original form when
moistened. The species are comparatively rare in temperate
regions, but are numerous in the tropics, where the gills are
often narrow, very distant, and connected by prominent
-veins. Many species have a smell resembling garlic.
.Mjst species grow on wood, branches, or leaves.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.
I. COLLYBIARII.
Flesh of pileus pliant, at length somewhat coriaceous,
.grooved or wrinkled, margin incurved at first; stem some-
• what cartilaginous ; mycelium woolly, absent in only very
ifew species.
A. Scortei.
Stem solid, or stuffed then hollow, fibrous inside, outside
the cartilaginous cuticle is covered with down ; gills
:_6'"parating from the stem and becoming free.
MAKASMIUS. 153
* Base of stem woolly or strigose.
** Base of stem naked, often composed of twisted inter-
woven fibres.
B. Tergini.
Stem rooting, distinctly tubular, not fibrous, evidently
cartilaginous ; gills separating from the stem and becoming
free ; pileus thinner than in the previous section, hygro-
phanous, sometimes even, sometimes with the margin
striate.
* Stem woolly below, glabrous above.
** Stem (at least when dry) everywhere covered with a
fine pruinose down.
C. Calopodes.
Stem short, not rooting, often with a floccose or downy
tubercular base; pileus convex and with the margin in-
curved, then expanded and more or less depressed, and in
this condition the gills, that are typically adnate, become
somewhat decurrent.
On twigs, branches, &c. ; gregarious, dry.
* Stem very glabrous upwards, shining, base not swollen.
** Stem covered with fine pruinose down, base somewhat
tuberculose.
II. Mycenarii.
Stem horny, fistulose but often filled with pith, tough,
dry, corticate, mycelium rhizomorphoid, not floccose ; pileus
somewhat membranaceous, campanulate then expanded,
margin at first straight and pressed to the stem.
A. Chordales.^
Stem rigid, rooting or adnate by a dilated base; pileus
oampanulate or convex.
The Mycena type of structure evident.
154 FUNGUS-FLORA.
B. Motulae.
Stem very slender, flaccid, base not dilated nor floccose,
but appearing to enter the matrix abruptly ; pilens soon
more or less ]'lane or nmbilicate.
Growing on leaves, twigs, &c.
* Stem quite glabrous, sbining.
** Stem minutely velvety or downy.
III. Apus.
Pileus sessile, resupinate.
I. COLLYBTAEII.
A. Scortei.
Marasmius urens. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc, thin
elsewhere, more or less cam] amilate then expanded, usually
gibbons, rather tough, margin dioof)ing or incurved, smooth,
even, pinkish-buff, paler when dry, sometimes almost umber
when moist, the surface usually becoming broken up when
dry; gills free, joined behind and becoming remote from
the stem, distant, tough, pale biifl' then brownish ; stem
2-3 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal, or sometimes ventricose
and up to 4- in. thick, pallid, covered everywhere with minute
white downy particles, base white, downy, solid, rigid ;
spores elliptical, 8 x 4 /x.
Marasmius urens, Fries, Epicr., p. 373 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 344; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1116 (pileus brownish umber).
Woods and grassy places, among fallen leaves.
Gregarious or cae.spitose. Taste very pungent, a feature
w^hich separates the present from M. oreades. Kot coarsely
tomentose at the base, as in M. peronatus, but only downy.
Marasmius peronatus. Fr.
Yery acrid. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, pliant;
convex then almost plane, obtuse, opaque, becoming de-
pressed here and there, or lacunose, pale rufous with a
MARASMIUS. 155
"brick-red tinge then tan-colour ; gills adnexed then seceding,
rather thin, somewhat crowded, 1 line broad, pallid then
with a rufescent tinge; stem about 2 in. long, 1^-2 lines
thick at the base, slightly thinner upwards, pale, downy
above, at the base and for some distance up densely covered
with long, spreading down (= peronate), varying in colour
from whitish to bright yellow, stuffed with fibres ; spores
pip-shaped, 10 X 6-7 fx.
Marasmius peronatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 373 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 345; Cke., lUustr., pi. 1117.
In woods among leaves.
Amongst rotten leaves, especially oak-leaves, in woods.
July, November. C« mmon. Pileus 1-2|^ in. broad, convex
or campanulate at length expanded, sometimes umbonate,
carnoso-coriaceous, sub-rufescent or yellowish, pallid when
dry, clothed with a minute matttd silkiness. Gills of the
colour of the pileus with a j-ellouish margin, distant, rounded
behind, almost free. Stem 2-3 in. high, 2 lines thick, com-
posed of fibres, soli'l above and downy, hollow below and
there covered with dense yellow strigae. Taste acrid.
(Berk.)
Allied to M. urens, but readily recognised by the densely
woolly or peronate base of the stem.
Marasrnius porreus. Fr.
Smell resembling garlic. Pileus 1-2 in. across very thin,
coriaceous, flaccid, convex then expanded, obtuse, disc even,
margin striate, opaque, dingy-yellowish, paler when dry;
gills soon becoming free, distant, rather thick, tou^ih, about
1 line broad, at length coriaceous, yellow then pallid; stem
up to 3 in. long, 1-1|- Hne thick, downy, reddish-brown,
apex paler, stuffed then hollow ; spores subgiobose, about
4 /x, diameter.
Marasmius porreus, Fries, Epicr., p. 374; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 345; Illustr., pi. 1133.
Among fallen leaves, &c.
Often confounded with 31. prasiosmus, which it resembles
in the strong garlic smell. In the present species the smeli
disappears on drying, the stem is pubescent throughout its
length, the gills are yellowish, and the spores small and
subgiobose ; all points of distinction from M. prasiosmus.
156 FUNGUS-FLOE A.
Pileus ^1 in. broad, plane slightly depressed, dirty- white
with, a brownish shade, paler on the margin which, is
membranaceous, and regularly striate. Gills nearly free,
paler than the pileus, slightly connected by veins. Stem
'2-3 in. high, 2-3 lines thick, velvety, albido-pnlverulent, as
is at once evident even in dry specimens, rufescent, tomentose
below, pale above, fistulose, generally growing on the midrib
of the leaves. Odour like that of garlic, very powerful.
Specimens in Sowerby's Herbarium gathered July 31, 1796,
still retain their garlic scent. (Berk.)
Marasmius oreades. Fr.
Pileus 1-1 1" in. across, flesh rather thin, tough; convex
then plane, somewhat umbonate, glabrous, brownish when
young, then tan, becoming pale ; gills free, 1^-2 lines broad,
-distant, whitish then pallid, pliant ; stem 1^2 in. long,
1^ line thick, equal, solid, whitish, everywhere covered with
closely interwoven down, base naked; spores elliptical,
8 X 5 yU..
Marasmius oreades, Fries, Epicr., p. 375; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 345; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1118.
In open pastures, forming rings.
Smell weiik but pleasant, stronger when dry. Pileus
Tufescent, becoming pale, margin striate when moist.
(Fries.)
Root little more than a minute tomentosity, stipes firm,
sSolid, brittle in very young plants, tough in old ones,
furnished with a kind of fibrous bark, tearing and twisting
longitudinally, about as thick as a goose-quill, flexuose or
orooked, of a pale whitish brown, sometimes farinose towards
the top, from whence it is gradually attenuated downwards.
In height it is much influenced by situation, varying from
2 to 5 in. Pileus 1-2 in. or more in breadth, hemispherical
.in the young state, then obtusely conical, finally plano-
convex, and most frequently umbonate, smooth, the margin
more or less waved, and turning up with age. The substance
is leathery, the flesh white, small in quantity. Colour a
Teddish opaque cream-colour in dry weather ; but in a moist
state a watery brown, darker in the centre, and somewhat
.fitriate at the margin. Lamellae distant, mostly four in a series,
rather thick and fleshy, free, yellowish-white, frequently
MAllASMIUS. 157
"witli a tinge of pink, generally lying obliquely one over
another. Fairy-rings are often observed to be formed by
this plant. (Grev.)
Gregarious. Pileus J-1 in. broad, smooth, fleshy, convex,
at length nearly plane, more or less nmbonate, generally
more or less compressed and sinuate, tough, coriaceous,
elastic, wrinkled and sometimes cracked, watery brown, as
it becomes dry cream-coloured ; margin pale. Flesh white,
quite distinct from that of the stem. Gills free, pale,
distant, slightly ventricose. Stem 1-2 in. high, 2-3 lines
thick, equal, solid, very tough, composed of fibres splitting
longitudinally, the outer coat squamuloso-fibrous, base
downy, somewhat rooting and attached to the roots of tho
grass. Taste and odour strong but agreeable. Though
tough, much used, as an article of food on the continent and
occasionally in this country, but too frequently very different
and poisonous fungi are gathered under the name. (Berk.)
Marasmius plancus. Fr.
Pileus |-1^ in. across, flesh rather thin, pliant, white ;
convex, soon plane then more or less depressed, somewhat
wavy, obtuse, even, rufescent, becoming pale ; gills slightly
adnexed, soon separating from the stem and free, distant,
1 line broad, linear, pale dingy ochraceous-brown ; stem
about Ih in. long, hollow, tough, soon compressed, pallid, and
covered with white down, base somewhat attenuated, naked.
Marasmius plancus^ Fries, Epicr., p. 375 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 345; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1119a,
In woods.
Allied to M. oreades, but diff'eiing in the narrower, darker-
coloured gills, and in growing in woods or shady places-
Taste sweet.
Marasmius scorteus. Fr.
Pileus about J in. across, flesh thin, tough ; convex then,
expanded, obtuse, not striate but becoming wrinkled, whitish
or pallid and becoming pale ; gills free and rounded behind^
1 line broad, distant, white; stem l-l-g- in. long, hardly 1
line thick, equal, tough, white with a tinge of brown, apex
very slightly pruinose, otherwise glabrous, indistinctly
fistulose ; spores elliptical, 8 x 6 /x.
158 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Marasmius scorteus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 468 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 346; Cke., Illu&tr., j^l. 1119b.
In damp woods.
Taste mild. Eesembling 31. oreades in habit, but much,
smaller, and differing in the almost glabrous stem.
B. Tergini.
* Stem strigose below, smooth upwards.
Marasmius prasiosmus. Fr.
Smell strong, resembling garlic, persistent. Pileus, J— | in.
across, flesh thin, tough, campanulate then convex, at length
expanded, obtuse, not striate but becoming wrinkled, pale
dingy yellow or whitish and disc often darker ; gills
adnexed, rather crowded, up to 1 line broad, white ; stem
2-3 in. long, 1 line thick, tough, pallid and almost glabrous
upwards ; incrassated downwards, brownish, and downy,
often slightly curved, fistulose ; spores, pip-shaped, or ellip-
tical and narrowed at the base, 1^15 x 7 /x.
Marasmius prasiosmus, Fries, Epicr., p. 370 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 346; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1120.
Among leaves in woods.
Differs from M. porreus in the white gills and absence of
striae on the pileus. The remaining garlic-scented species
belong to quite different sections of the genus.
Marasmius vatricosus. Fr.
Pileus ^J in. across, flesh rather thin, tough, and like
that of the stem with a reddish-brown tinge ; campanulate
then plane, sometimes depressed or wavy ; gills adnexed,
soon seceding and free, closely crowded, very narrow, tinged
with purple-brown, darker when dry; stem 2-3 in. long,
1 line thick, glabrous above, reddish, containing dark blood-
red juice, base covered with tawny down, hollow; spores
broadly elliptical, 4 x 3 /x.
Marasmius vatricosns, 'ETpicr., p. 376; Cke., Hdbk., p. 346;
Clce., Illustr., pi. 1121a.
Damp places, among moss, &c.
Inodorous. A very remarkable species, but certainly a
Marasmius notwithstanding the crowded gills, not at all
MAKASMIUS. 159
comparable with 3Ii/cena haematopoda. Pileus ^ in. broad
or a little more ; gills purplish-brown, and contrary to the
general rule, darker when dry. Stem sometimes (among
high mosses) 3 in. long, covered with blackish red down
half way up, the rest glabrous (not pruinose when dr}^).
(Fries.)
Marasmius fuscopurpureus. Fr.
Pileus |-1 in. across, flesh rather thick, whitish ; convex
then expanded, often somewhat umbilicate, dark pur^Dlish-
brown, becoming tan-colour when dry ; gills joined into an
iudistinct collar behind, at length free, distant, 1 line broad,
with a rufous or dingy lilac tinge ; stem 1-3 in., 1 line thick,
juiceless, blackieh-piirple, glabrous, with reddish strigose
down at the base, hollow; spores 4 X 3 /x.
Marasmius fuscopurjmreus, Fries, Epicr., p. 377; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 346; Cke., Illustr., pL 1121b.
Among leaves, especially beech.
Inodorous. [Sometimes small and caespitose, sometimes
larger and solitary. Stem varying from 1-3 in. long, pallid
at first. Pileus blackish-purple, tan-colour when dry.
(Fries.)
Gregarious. Pileus 1 in. or more broad; at first conic,
obtuse, then expanded, rugose, dark brown-purple, changing
to pallid umber, subcarnose ; flesh white, firm, elastic. Gills
slightly ventricose, almost free, nearly of the same colour as
the j^ileus, not very close, the edge dark, denticulate. SjDores
white, round. Stem 1 J in. long, 2 lines thick, fistulose, com-
posed of fibres, sometimes slightly compressed, elastic,
distinct from the pileus, umber, with a few scattered dark
fibrillose specks, strigose at the base, the strigae pale-brown,
and sending down many matted roots amongst the leaves on
which it grows. (Berk.)
Marasmius terginus. Fr.
Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, tough, convex then
plane, obtuse, becoming slightly depressed, dingy flesh-
colour when moist, whitish when dry, margin striate ; gills
separating and becoming free, rather crowded, narrow,
pallid ; stem 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, slightly thickened
below, and attenuated into a white, downy rooting base,
1 GO FUNGUS-FLOEA.
reddish "below, glabrous, shining, and pallid above, not at all
pruinose when dry, hollow ; spores elliptical, 6-7 x 4 /x.
Marasmius terginus, Fries, Epicr., p. 377 ; Cke., ELdbk.,
p. 347 ; Ck., Illustr., pi. 1122a.
Among fallen beech leaves, moss, &c.
Solitary. Exactly resembling M. prasiosmus in habit, but
distinct in the entire absence of smell, and in being juiceless.
The same features separate this species from M. porreus.
Fasciculated. Pileus ^-1 in. across, depressed and
wrinkled in the centre, opaque, tough, cream-coloured^
stained with vinous-red, especially when bruised ; flesh
white, thin. Stem 1-2 in. high, hollow, twisted, white and
mealy above, quite smooth and shining below, of a rich
light nut-brown. Gills few and distant, rather broad, of
the same colour as the pileus. Taste and smell exactly like
"that of M. oreades. (B. & Br.)
** Stem minutely downy or velvety when dry.
Marasmius Wynnei. B. & Br.
Inodorous. Caespitose. Pileus 1-H in. across, convex
then almost plane, slightly umbonate, lilac-brown, not
readily changing colour ; gills adnexed, distant, thick, 1
line broad, pale lilac; stem 14-2^ in. high, up to 1 linethick,,
equal, paler than the pileus, minutely powdered or scurfy,
hollow ; spores elliptical, 7-8 X 4 /x.
Marasmius Wynnei, B. & Br., Outl., t. 19, f. 3; Cke.^
Hdbk., p. 347; Cke., Illustr., pL 1123a.
Among leaves, twigs, &c.
Amongst twigs, &c. Gregarious or caespitose. Pileus-
1-1^ in. across, variously tinged with brown and lilac, not
rapidly changing colour, umbonate, slightly fleshy. Stem
2 in. high, l}j line thick, rather paler than the pileus, fistu-
lose, furfuraceouSj springing from a white mycelium, but by
no means sti igose or tawny at the base. Gills distant, thick,,
moderately broad, adnexed, beautifully tinged with lilac;
interstices even. One of the most beautiful of Fungi, and
apparently quite distinct from M. fuscopurpureus, of which
Fries thinks it may be a form destitute of strigae. The
pileus does not, however, rapidly change colour, as in that
MARASMIUS. 161
species ; the stem is not of a blackish- purple, neither is it
smooth, and the lilac tint is very striking. (B. & Br.)
A good fii^ure of this beautiful species is given in " Fungi
Tridentini" by Bresadola, under the name of Clitocijhe
£cantJiojphjUa. (B. and Br.)
Marasmius erythropus. Fr.
Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane,
obtuse, hygrophanous, pallid, rugulose and almost white
when dry ; gills almost free, broad, lax, not crowded, con-
nected by veins, whitish margin quite entire ; stem 2-4 in.
long, 2 linos thick, hollow, firm, tough, round or becoming
depressed, blackish-red, glabrous upwards and paler at first,
rather pruinose when dry ; furnished with white strigose
down below, wall of the hollow of the stem downy; spores
8-10 X 0-6 fx.
Marasmius erythropus, Fries, Epicr., p. 378; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 347 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1123b.
In beech woods among fallen leaves ; rarely on trunks.
Scattered or somewhat caespitose ; inodorous, juiceless.
The colour of the pileus varies according to the amount of
moisture in the air. Stem sometimes decumbent and con-
torted. Agreeing in habit with CoJhjhia conjiiiens and
C aceruata, but distinguished from both by the broad,
distant a'ills.
53"
?!>-
Marasmius archyropus. Fr.
Pileus ^-1 in. across, flesh rather thin ; convex then plane
and more or less depressed, glabrous, pale tan, becoming
paler with age ; gills slightly adnexed then separating from
the stem, crowded, linear, -^-J line broad, pallid ; stem 3-1 in.
long, I line thick, rigid, straight, pale rufescent, but every-
where covered with dense white down, base similar, stufled
then hollow ; spores subglobose, 4-5 fx diameter.
Marasmius archyropus. Fries, Epicr., p. 378; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 347; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1122b.
Among leaves, &c.
Inodorous. Fasciculate; differs from M. terginus in the
tufted habit, and from M. prasiosmus in the absence of
.^cent. The down on the stem is rather long, like that of
M. oreades,
VOL. III. M
162 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
Marasmius torquescens. Quelet.
Pileus about -^ in across, flesli very thin ; convex tlien
plane, rugosely striate, pallid, disc tawny ; gills free, thin,
ventricose, distant, white with a red tinge ; stem about 2 in.
long, slender, slightly velvety or downy, brown, glabrous
and whitish at the top ; spores broadly pip-shaped, 5 x 4 /x.
Marasmius torquescens, Quelet, Fung. Jura, p. 198, t. 22,
f. 3; Cke., Hdbk., p. 348 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1124a.
On twigs in woods.
Distinguished among species with a velvety stem by the
small, whitish pileus. AYhen dry the stem is twisted and
grooved.
Marasmius impudicus. Fr.
Smell strong, foetid. Pileus -^—1 in. across, flesh thin, soft,
convex then plane, the centre often depressed, reddish-bay,
pale when dry; membranaceous from the margin halfway
to the disc, paler, rather coarsely striate; gills at first
touching the stem, but soon free and abrupt behind, con-
nected by veins, ventricose, at first crowded, then distant,
white with a tinge of pink; stem lJ-2 in. long, 1 line thick,
equal, tough, and slightly wav}', base attenuated and rooting,
rufous or rufous-brown, sometimes purple-violet, naked, but
entirely covered with white down when dry ; spores elliptical,
8x4-5//
Marasmius impudicus, Fries, Epicr., p. 277; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 348; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1124b.
On or about rotten fir trunks, &c.
Small ; gregarious, smell strong, unpleasant. Somewhat
Tesembling M. foetidus, but distinguished by the free gills
and smaller size.
C. Calojpodes.
* Stem glabrous upwards, hase not swollen.
Marasmius scorodonius. Fr.
Smell strong, resembling garlic. Pileus -i-f in. across,
flesh thin, tough ; convex, soon plane, obtuse or slightly
gibbous, always dry, even when young, rufous, but soon
becoming pale and whitish, at length rugose, and wrinkled;
gills adnate, often leaving the stem, narrow, connected by
MAKASMIUS. 165
veins, whitish, at length dry and wrinkled ; stem 1-1^ in.
long, np to 1 line thick, equal, everywhere glabrous and
shining, rufous, base naked, penetrating the substance on
which the fungus is growing, horny, tough, hollow; spores
elliptical 6 x 4 /a.
Marasmius scorodonius, Fries, Epicr., p. 379 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 348; Cke. Illustr., pi. 1125a.
On twigs, &c., in pastures, heaths, &c.
Distinguished from its allies by its strong smell, re-
sembling garlic. Usually gregarious.
Marasmius calopus. Fr.
Pileus about ^ in. across, flesh thin, tough; convex then
expanded, obtuse, sometimes depressed at the centre, even,
glabrous, whitish and wrinkled when dry; gills slightly
emarginate and adnexed, rather distant, thin, white; stem
about 1 in. long, not 1 line thick, slightly thinner upwards,
even, glabrous, tough, shining, rufous or rufous-bay, slightly
• rooting ; spores elliptical, 7 X 4 /x.
Marasmius calopus. Fries, Epicr., p. 379 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 348; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1125b.
On twigs, roots of grass, &c.
With the habit of M. scorodonius, but without smell,
smaller, and paler pileus.
Marasmius Vaillantii. Fr.
Pileus \-l in. across, flesh thin, pliant, rather convex but
soon flattened and more or less depressed at the disc, marked
with radiating ridges, whitish ; gills adnate, from the
triangular form appearing somewhat decurrent, broad,
distant, distinct, simple, white ; stem about 1 in. long,
thickened upwards, glabrous, bay, the apex pale, shining,
base blackish, naked, penetrating the substance upon which
it is growing; spores elliptical, 10 x 6 /x.
Marasmius Vaillantii, Fries, Epicr., p. 330 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 349; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1126a.
On dead wood, fallen twigs, leaves, &c.
Inodorous. Small, tough, dry ; smell none. M. impudicus
diff'ers in the purplish stem becoming covered with white
velvety down when dry. M. foetidus differs in the strong
smell and in colour.
M 2
164 FUNGUS-FLOKA.
Marasmius angulatus. Pers.
Gregarious. Pileus J-^ in. across, flesh thin ; hemispherical
■then plane, becoming plicate and more or less angular,
^whitish with a tawny tinge ; gills adnate, narrow, distant,
paler than the pileus; stem 1-1^ in. long, slender, thickened
at the base, and often at the apex also, greyish upwards, base
dark and pilose ; spores elliptical, 7 x 4 /x.
Marasmius angulatus, Pers., Myc. Eur., iii. p. 155, t, 26,
•f. 3, 4; Cke., Hdbk., p. 349; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1226b.
On grass, rushes, &c.
Closely resembling M. Curreyi, and 31. graminum ; differs
from the former in the gills not being ventricose, and in
-not forming a collar; and from the latter in the larger,
elliptical spores, and in the gills being attached to a free
collar round ihe stem. 31. caloims differs in the shining, bay
^stem, and emarginate gills.
Marasmius languidus. Fr.
Pileus i-| in. across, thin, tough, at first convex with
the maigin involute, then more expanded and umbilicate,
flocculose, rugosely grooved, white with a tinge of flesh-
colour or yellow; gills adnate then decurrent, distant,
narrow, white, connected by veins; stem about 1 in. lonolijadelplius, Lasch, no. 208.
On rotten leaves.
Densely gregarious.
III. APUS.
Marasmius spodoleucus. B. & Br.
Pileus 2-3 lines across, flesh very thin; shell-shaped,
resupinate, quite stemless, grey, slightly pulverulent or
scurfy ; gills few, white.
Marasmius spodoleucus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., May,
1859; Cke., Hdbk., p. 354; Cke., Illustr., yjl. 1137c.
Marasmius Broomei, Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., 1795.
On dead elm twigs.
About 2 lines across, resupinate, altogether stemless,
conchiform, margin free, arched ; above cinereous, pulve-
rulent, or slightly furfuraceous. Hymenium white, very
even. Gills few, narrow, entire, so short as to leave a naked
space at the base. (B. & Br.)
TEICHOLOMA. Fries.
Pileus symmetrical, fleshy, rarely umbonate, never truly
umbilicate; gills always (at least at first) sinuate behind,
often with a slightly decurrent tooth, white, rarely yellow,
often becoming spotted with reddish stains, and in some
species dingy grey, or lilac ; stem central, flesh continuous
with that of the pileus, flesh fibrous, not corticated ; veil
obsolete or evident in the form of down or fibrils on the
margin of the pileus ; ring and volva absent ; spores white
or dingy.
Tricholoma, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 36; Cke., Hdbk., p. 24
(as a subgenus of Agaricus^.
All the species grow on the ground, and are typically
fleshy and robust. Some species of Pleurotus with a nearly
central stem closely resemble in structure the present
genus, but are distinguished by growing on wood. Gollyhia
TEICKOLOMA. 175
differs in the stem being cartilaginous and not fibrous
externally. Clitocyhe differs in the gills never being sinuate,
but gradually narrowed benind ; pileus often umbilicate, &c.
In some species the gills separate readily from the pileus,
as in Paxillus, the latter, however, is distinct in the strongly
incurved margin of the pileus, and the anastomosing gills.
ANALYSIS OF TEE SPECIES.
Series A. Pileus viscid, fibrillose, scaly, or downy ; not
hygrophanous ; stem fibrillose from the remains of the
adnate universal veil.
I. LiMACIXA.
Pellicle of pileus viscid when moist, innately fibrillose or
squamulose, but not broken up ; flesh of pileus thick, firm ;
margin almost naked.
* Gills not discoloured, and not becoming rufescent.
** Gills discoloured, usually spotted with reddish-brown.
II. Genuina.
Pellicle of pileus never viscid, but torn into floccose or
fibrillose squamules ; flesh of pileus soft, not hygrophanous,
margin involute and somewhat downy at first. Not to be
confounded with those species that have the pileus fibrillose
from the remains of the veil.
* Gills unchangeable, not becoming spotted with rufous
or black.
** Gills becoming tinged with rufous or greyish ; edge
usually at length spotted with rufous or black.
III. ElGIDA.
Pellicle of the pileus rigid, granulated or broken up into
small glabrous squamules when dry, not viscid ; floccosely
scaly, not torn into fibrils. Pileus rigid, hard when the
176 FUNGUS-FLOE A.
flesh is tliick, very fragile when thin, margin naked (except
in the first species.
Young specimens are often fibrillose from the remains of
art. Other figures on the .same plate are smaller.
Cooke's figure is not at all characteristic, and is an extreme
form, if this species at all.
Tricholoma portentosum. Fr.
Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh thin, white or with a faint
TKICHOLOMA. 170
yellow tinge, fragile, convex then expanded, unequal, viscid,
usually sooty or with a purple tinge, viigate or streaked with
fine biack lines; margin thin; gills rounded behind, often
almost free, very broad, 4-8 lines, at length distant, pallid ;
stem usually about 3 in. long, and | in. thick, somewhat
equal, glabrous, striate, whitish, firm, solid ; spores sub-
globose, 4-5 X 4 /x,
Agaricus (Triclwloma) portentosus. Fries, Syst. Mycol., i.
p. 39 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 25 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 54?
In pine woods.
Solitary or gregarious, also rarely forming dense tufts ;
inodorous, taste mild, these points separate the present
from T. sejundum. Stem solid, stout, entirely remarkably
cartilagineo-fibrous, usually 3 in. long, 1 in. thick, somewhat
equal, naked but fibre closely striate, white. Flesh of pileus
very thin in proportion to the stout stem ; convex then
plane, somewhat umbonate, unequal and wavy, 3-5 in.
broad, viscid, virgate from innate, black fibrils ; for the rest,
even, glabrous, usually sooty, but varies to a violet tint,
livid and pale when old ; margin thin, always naked. Flesh
white, with a faint yellow tinge, fragile, gills rounded,
almost free, 3-4 lines up to 1 in. broad, distant, white at
first, then becoming yellowish or pallid-greyish. Easil}'
known from other species by the virgate pileus; T. flavo-
hrunneum and T. alhohrwnneum differ in having the gills
spotted rufescent. T. virgafum has the pileus absolutely dry.
(Fries.)
Cooke's figures, if the right species, diff'er in the slender
stem being hollow, and coloured like the pileus.
Tricholoma fucatum. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, pallid; convex then plane,
somewhat wavy, viscid, lurid-yellowish, variegated with
darker stains, disc darker ; gills emarginate, 3-4 lines broad,
somewhat crowded, whitish or with a yellow tinge; stem
2-3 in. long, up to J in. thick, almost equal, fibrillosely
squamulose, whitish or with a yellow tinge, stuffed, soft.
Agaricus (^Tricholoma) fucatus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 40 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 25 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 73.
In woods, especially pine.
Stem stuffed, soft ; often ascending, 2-3 in. long, -l-(i
N 2
180 FCXGUS-FLOliA.
lines thick, somewliat equal, at first minutely and densely
>quamulose, then distinctly fibrillose, at length variegated
Avith blackish fibrils, pallid theuAvhite, apex white and with
meal at the apex, at length fragile. Pileus slightly fleshy,
convexo-plane, obtuse, often irregular, 2-3 in. broad, rarely
more, viscid, but readily becoming dry and opaque, even^
glabrous, not variegated with black fibrils, but marked with
stains, lurid-j^ellowish or greyish-yellow, disc darker. Flesh
thin, pallid, at length fragile. Margin thin, naked. Gills
deeply emarginate, 3-5 lines broad, ventricose, somewhat
crowded, fragile, whitisli, trama hyaline and coloured like
the flesh of the pileus. Inodorous. Oiten confounded with
forms of T. portentosum, but clearly and easily distinguished
by paying attention to the above notes. The stem is not
always so distinctly scaly as in the figure in " Icones,"
tab. 24, which was drawn fi'om a highly evolved specimen.
There are forms with the stem short and somewhat bulbous
that require to be carefully distinguished from T. jjortentosiim,
(Fries.)
T. portentosum is clearly distinguished from all forms of the
present species by having the pileus streaked or virgate
with innate black fibrils.
Tricholoma quinquepartitum. Fr.
Pileus 3—4 in. across, fragile ; flesh, with the exception of
the disc, thin, fragile, white, rather hygrophanous; convex
then expanded, wavy, even, glabrous, not by any means
virgate, viscid, fragile, pale yellow; gills emarginate, not
crowded, l in. broad, white; stem 3-4 in. long, Jin. and
more thick, usually attenuated from base to apex, striate,
glabrous, white, solid ; spores 5-6 X 3-4 /x,
Agaricus (^Tricholoma) qidiiqiiejjartitus, Fries, Epicr., p, 27;
€ke., Hdbk., p. 25; Cke., Illustr., ph 74.
In pine woods, &c.
Sometimes confounded with wavy forms of T. jportentosum
and T. fucatum ; known from the first by the j)ileus not
being virgate or radially streaked with wrinkles ; from the
second, by the glabrous striate stem. Smell none, taste
mild.
Tricholoma spermaticum. Fr.
"White. Smell strong, unpleasant. Pileus 2-3 in. across.
TFtlCHOLOMA. 181
flesh ratlier thin except at the disc, white, compact ; convex:
then expanded, obtuse, wavy, glabrous, viscid, shining when
dry, never spotted or stained; margin naked, incurved at
first, then spreading ; gills emarginate, often with a more or
less defined decurrent tooth, 3 lines broad; rather distant,
margin irregular; stem 2-3^- in. long, h-^ in. thick, even,
twisted, stufted then hollow.
Agaricus {Tricliohwui) spermaticns, Fries, Epicr., p. 27 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 26 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 87.
In fir woods.
Distinguished among the white strong-smelling species
by its stout, twisted, hollow stem.
Tricholoma resplendens. Fr.
Entirely clear white. Pileus 2-4 in. across, everywhere
equally fleshy but not thick ; convex then expanded, obtuse,
even, glabrous, and viscid when fresh, silvery shining when
dry, and often with hyaline spots ; disc becoming yellowish
a,nd appearing adpressedly silky but glabrous ; gills almost
free when young, then remarkably emarginate, rather
crowded, thickish, but the edge thin and quite entire, 3-4:
lines broad, equally narrowed in front; stem 2-3 in. long,
I" in. and more thick, equal or bulbous, even, glabrous, or
apex slightly floccose, dry, sometimes curved, solid ; spores
elliptical, 7-8 X 4 /x.
Agaricus resplendens, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 55 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 55 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 26.
In woods.
Gregarious, entirely clear white, or disc yellowish ; smell
iind taste pleasant. Resembling Hygrophorus eburneus in habit.
**
Gills hecoming discoloured, usually witli reddish spots.
Tricholoma colossus. Fr.
Pileus 6-8 in. across, flesh 2 in. and more thick, be-
coming pinkish-red when broken, very hard; convex then
expanded, glabrous, at length broken up into squamules ;
margin naked at first strongly incurved, then expanded or
even upturned, wavy ; brick-red, or reddish-umber, especially
4it the disc ; gills rounded behind, crowded, thin, white,
then becoming very broad, up to -| in., and pale brick-red;
182 FUNGUS-FLORA.
stem 3-4 in. long, veiy liard and solid, base ovately bulbous
and 3-4 in. thick, brick-red, apex constricted, 2 in. tbick,
wliitish ; spores broadly elliptical, 6 X 4 />i.
Agaricus (Triclioloma) colossus. Fries, Epicr., p. 38; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 26 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 87.
In fir woods.
Inodorous. Readily known by its large size, and by the
flesh becoming red when broken.
The following form or variety is published by Berkeley
and Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., 1871, p. 3, no. 1190.
Pileus about 4 in. across, irregularly lobed and undu-
lated, minutely scal}^ grey ; stem about 2 in. high, thicker
upwards, buff, yellow at the base ; gills rather wide,,
pallid. Smell strong, like that of cheese. Under an elm.
(B. & Br.)
Tricholoma acerbum. Bull.
Taste bitter. Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thick in the
centre, thin elsewhere, margin at first strongly involute,
rugulose or pitted, becoming straight with age, viscid when
moist, smooth, convex, then almost plane, whitish then pale
testaceous with yellow tinge ; gills rather narrow, crowded^
emarginate, creamy then pale rufous ; stem 2-3 in. long,
J in. thick, solid, pale, apex squamulose ; spores subglobose,
6-6 }x diameter.
Aqaricus (^Tricliolomci) acerhus, Bull., t. 571, f. 2; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 26 ; Cke., Illustr., t. 76 (poor).
In woods. Taste bitter. Distinguished in the young
stage by the strongly involute margin of pileus and squamu-
lose apex of stem, later by the plane pileus, rusty gills and
stem as before.
Tricholoma nictitans. Fr.
Pileus 11-2 J in. across, flesh thin, white; convex then
expanded, obtuse, even, glabrous, viscid, yellowish, disc
darker; gills rounded behind and adnexed, but not with a
decurrent tooth, crowded, rather broad, somewhat ventricose,
yellow, spotted with reddish spots when old; stem about
3 in. long, | in. thick, dry, slightly scaly at the apex, j^ale
yellow, solid, equal or attenuated upwards, base truncate;
>pores elliptic, 7-8 X o jx.
TRICHOLOMA. 183
Agarkus (Triclioloma) niditans, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 38;
Cke., Hdbk., 27 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 56.
lu woods.
Inodorous ; taste sweet. Allied to T. fulvelhim, but
differing as follows. Stem not viscid, base not attenuated,
but if anything, incrassated, ending abiiiptly, becoming
yellowish ; pileus thin, not virgate ; gills without a decur-
rent tooth. (Fries.)
Tricholoma fulvellum. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thin except at the disc,
dingy ; convex then plane, viscid, even, yellowish rufuscent
or tan-colour, disc darker and wrinkled into minute projec-
tions ; gills rounded then emarginate, 2 lines broad, crowded,
white then rufescent ; stem about 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick,
almost equal, whitish with a rufescent tinge, fibrillose, apex
naked, stuffed then hollow; spores subglobose, 4-5 fx
diameter.
Aqaricus (^Tricholoma) fulvellum. Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 50;
Cke'., Hdbk., p. 27 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 57.
In woods.
Inodorous. Cooke's figures differ considerably fro n Fries'
description. The pileus is campanulate, lax, and with a
prominent umbo, resembling in habit a large Galera,
Tricholoma flavobrunneum. Fr.
Smell strong, like new meal. Pileus 3-6 in. across, flesh
thick, either the whole, or that of the stem and the edge of
the pileus clear yellow; conically convex tlien expanded,
broadly gibbous, viscid, fibrillosely virgate, or innately
squamulose but the surface not broken up, tawny-rufous
with the disc darker, or entirely bay or rufous-brown ; gills
emarginate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, pale yellow,
becoming spotted with brown when touched or with age ;
stem 3-5 in. long, J-f in. thick, rufescent or brownish,
generally ventricose and narrowed at each end, more or less
equal when small, with rufous fibrils on the surface, viscid
at first, apex naked, hollow ; spores 6-7 X 4-5 /x.
Agarkus flavohrunneus, Fries, Epicr., p. 28 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 27 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 58.
In woods, &c.
Usually gregarious and often caespitose, gills sometimes
184 FUNGUS-FLORA.
whitish, and thus superficially more nearly approaching T.
albohrunneiim, from which it is always distinguished by the
atrong smell, and yellow flesh of the stem.
Tricholoma albobrunneum. Pers.
Pileus about 3 in. across, fle.^h rather thick, especially at
the disc, clear white ; campanulate then hemispherical,
viscid, almost even, but distinctly virgate or minutely
streaked with innate fibrils, clear brown ; margin at first
incurved and puckered ; gills emarginate, rounded behind,
not decurrent, scarcely crowded, very broad (3-4 lines),
firm but not thick, clear white at first, but soon becoming
pallid; stem 1^-2 in. long, about 1 in. thick, equal appearing
at first sight to be ghibrous, but in reality miautely silky
on the surface, rufescent, white at both ends but most con-
stantly so at the apex, which is powdered with white meal,
solid, flesh firm, clear white; spores 4-6 X 3*5 /x.
Agaricus albohrunneus, Pers., Syn., p. 293; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 27 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 197.
In pine woods, &c.
Closely allied to T. flavohriinneum, diff'ering in absence of
smell, mild taste, and persistently white flesh.
Tricholoma ustale. Fr.
Pileus 2—3 in. across, flesh rather thick, white ; hemi-
spherical then expanded and umbonate, finally almost plane
and obtuse, even, glabrous, not virgate or streaked, dissc
rugulosely punctate, bay-brown ; gills emarginate with a
decurrent tooth, crowded, rather broad, white then tinged
rufous ; stem 2-3 in. long, about h in. thick, stuff'ed then
hollow, equal, somewhat rooting, dry, fibiillose, whitish or
with a rufescent tinge, apex silky, whiter but not mealy ;
spores elliptical, 7-8 x 5 /x ; smell none.
Agaricus (^Tricholoma) ustalis. Fries, Epicr., p. 29 ; Cke.,
lllustr., pi. 88; Cke., Hdbk., p. 28.
In woods.
Intermediate between T . flavohriinneum and T.pessundatum^
but distinct from both in the absence of smell. (Fries.)
Tricholoma pessundatum. Fr.
Smell strong, resembling new meal. Pileus about 3 in.
across, flesh rather thick, convex then expanded, ver}'' obtuse.
TRICHOLOMA. 185
wavy, glabroTis, not virgate l)ut usually marked with spots,
viscid, bay or rufescent, becoming paler near the edge,
margin incurved, naked; gills deeply emarginate, almost
free, at first very narrow and pure white, then 3 lines broad
and with a rufescent tinge ; stem 2-3 in. long, and up to
1 in. thick, almost glabrous, white ; solitl, hard, bulb-like at
first and covered with down, then elongating ; spores
5 X 2h fi.
Agaricus (Triclioloma) joessundatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 26;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 28.
In pine woods, &c.
Often in company with T. equestre, with which it agrees
in size, most nearly allied to T. russida, which is distin-
guished by the granular, rosy pileus. (Fries.)
Tricholoma stans. Fr.
Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thick, firm, white, reddish
under the cuticle ; convex then expanded, even (not granu-
lated nor spotted), viscid, rufescent ; gills rounded behind,
•crowded, white, stained with reddish brown ; stem 2-3 ii- .
long, almost equal, solid, J-1 in. thick, whitish with a
rufescent tin^e, squamulose ; spores elliptical, 5-G X 4 /x.
Agaricus (^Tricholoma) stans, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 38 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 28; Cke., Illustr., pi. 198,
On the ground.
Fries distinguishes two forms of the present species : —
(A.) campestris ; stem stout [2 in. long, li in. thick], reddish,
squamulose but not villose ; pileus broad [5 in. across!,
more expanded, rufous brown^ indistinctly virgately squa-
mulose : — (B.) montana ; stem up to 4 in. long, quite equal,
white, apex distinctly whitish squamulose; pileus smaller
[3 in. across], more convex, and altogether even. (Fries.)
Allied to T. pessundatiim by the granulated or spotted pileus,
and the flesh being reddish under the cuticle.
Tricholoma russula. Schaeff.
Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh very thick at the disc,
l)ecoming thin towards the margin, white, tinged with rose
Tinder the cuticle; convex then depressed, obtuse or slightly
gibbous, granulated, viscid, rosy flesh-colour, sometimes
very deep ; gills slightly rounded behind then slightly
186 rUXGUS-FLORA.
decurrent with an indistinct trace of a sinns, rather distant,
pure white, becoming slightly spotted; stem l|^-2 in. long,
■| in. thick, almost equal, solid, firm, white, more or less
tinged with rose-colour, apex sqnamulose ; spores elliptical,
10-5 /x.
Agaricus o-ussida, Schaeffer, t. 58 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 363 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 926.
Amoncr o;rass under trees.
Smell and taste pleasant ; eaten in Austria. Flesh-colour,
sometimes spotted with yellow, as in Hygropliorus pudorinus,
with which, and IIygroj)liorus eruhescens, it is often confused.
(Fries.)
The present differs from both the above-named species
of HygrojyJwrus in the granulated pileus, flesh tinged with
rose-colour iinder the cuticle, and in not growing in pine
woods.
Tricholoma frumentaceum. Bull.
Pileus 2|^-4- in. across, flesh compact, thick at the centre,
becoming gradually thinner towards the margin, white;
convex then expanded, obtuse, glabrous, pallid, with a red
tinge, and streaked with darker lines ; gills rounded behind
and slightly annexed, 3-4 lines broad, crowded, white then
reddish ; stem 2|-3 in. long, about f in. thick, equal or
slightly thickened at the base, solid, fibrillose, whitish,
more or less variegated with pale red ; spores faintly tinged
with red, elliptical, smooth, 5 x 3*5 /x.
Agaricus frumentaceus, Bull., Champ., t. 571, f. 1 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 470.
Agaricus (Entoloma) frumentaceus, Berk., Outl., p. 144.
On the ground.
Smell like meal. There is a difference of opinion, as
shown by the following notes, as to the position of the
present species.
The plate issued in " Illustrations " was copied from a
drawing made by Mr. Worthington Smith, from specimens
sent to him from Forres, by the Rev. Dr. Keith. Never having
been so fortunate as to see this species, we accepted the
designation attached to the drawing, and jiublished it as an
Entoloma, under the impression that it was the Agaricus
(Entoloma) frumentaceus, B. & Br. Dr. Keith has kindly
TRICHOLOMA. 187
drawn our attention to this figure, at the same time stating
his conviction that the original specimens were those of an
"undoubted Tricholoma, the pink tinge of the spores being
faint and quite of a different character to the spores in
Hyporhodii. Whatever, therefore, the plant of Berkeley and
Broome may be, to which they attach the name of A,
/rumen tac ens, and include in the subgenus Entoloma, it carniot
be the species figured as above, since Dr. Keith must have
had ample material to judge, and no one would doubt his
ability to form an authoritative opinion. Plate 470 must,
therefore be corrected to Ag. (^Tricholoma) frumeniaceus. Bull.
We may add that the majority of Continental mj-cologists
contend that Bulliard's species is a Tricholoma, and both the
size and form of the spores given in our plate certainly are
more in accordance with those usually found in Tricholoma
than thi'se oi Entoloma. (Cke.)
On the ground under a hedge. Somewhat caespitose;
pileus 3 1 in. across, plane, with the margin arc lied and
sinuated, dry, buff, tinged with red, marked with fine
streaks, which are sometimes slightly raised, fleshy, firm,
rather brittle. Stem 2 in. high, 1 in. thick, of the same
coloui' as the pileus, streaked and slightly cracked, some-
times compressed, blunt at the base, with a little white
down stained with the spores. Gills broad, moderately
distant, !t.
Agaricus (Triclioloma) scalptiiratus. Fries, Epicr., p. 31 ;
Cke., Illustr., i^l. 215; Cke., Hdbk., p. 29.
In woods.
Covered with floccose down like a Lepiota when young,
then broken up into broad, discoloured scales on a yellowish-
white ground. Allied to T. terreum. (Fries.)
Var. argyraceus, Bull. ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 165.
Diff*ering from the typical form in being more slender and
graceful; pileus whitish or silvery; gills narrower and
more crowded, whitish.
Var. chrysites, Jungh. ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 947.
About the size of the typical form ; very pale, pileus and
gills becoming yellowish ; spore subglobose, 4 /x diameter,
Var. virescens, Wharton; Cke., Illustr., pi. 641.
Somewhat resembling the typical form in colour, but
turning yellowish-green in all parts when bruised, or during
drying.
Slightly acrid, odour none. Spores elliptical, 6 X 3 /x.
According to the figure the gills are narrow and slightly
sinuate, with a minute decurrent tooth.
** Gills becoming tinged red or grey, edge often sjpotted,
Tricholoma vaccinum. Fr.
Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh rather thick, and like that of
the stem, white and fibrous, then reddish ; campanulate then
192 FUNGUS-FLORA.
expanded, umbonate, becoming every where broken up into
small floccose, squarrose scales, or torn into smaller adpressed
scales, dry, rufous ; margin at first involute and tomentose
from tbe veil ; gills very slightly sinuate, almost adnate,
rather distant, 3-6 lines broad, whitish at first, then spotted
with red, at length rufescent ; stem about 3 in. long, 4-8
lines thick, hollow, equal, round, remarkably fibrillose,
more or less evidently cortinated, apex naked, whitish with a
rufescent tinge; spores subglobose, 6-7 [x diameter.
Agaricus (^Triclioloma) vaccinns. Fries, Epicr., p. 33 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 30; Cke., Illustr., pi. 60 (called Ag. imbricatus).
In pine, &c.
Allied to T. imhricatum, but differs in the stem being hollow,
and its apex naked (i.e. not powdery), and in the flesh
becoming reddish.
Tricholoma imbricatum. Tr.
Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh thick, white; convex then
expanded, obtuse, quite dry, rufous-umber, becoming broken
up into minute innate squamules ; margin at first incurved
and downy ; gills sinuate and adnexed, 2-3 lines broad,
rather crowded, white then rufescent ; stem 3-5 in. long,
J-| in. thick, paler than the pileus, apex with white pulve-
rulent down, solid ; spores 6 X 4 /><..
Agaricus imhricatum, Fries, Obs., i. p. 27; Cke., Illustr.,
13l. 199; Cke., Hdbk., p. 30.
In pine and other woods.
Stem solid, firm (often riddled by larvae), sometimes short,
conical, 1-2—2 in. long and up to 1 in. thick, sometimes drawn
out, 3 in. long, almost equal, adpressedly fibrillose, apex
white, pulverulent with white squamules. Pileus fleshy,
compact, broadly convex then expanded, obtuse, very dry,
umber or rufous-umber, very opaque, 3 in. and more broad,
disc remaining smooth, the remainder broken up into-
squamules, fibrillose towards the margin. Margin thin,
slightly incurved at first, downy, then almost naked. Gills
slightly emarginate, almost adnate, rather crowded, 3 lines
broad, entirely white when young, then rufous. (Fries.)
T. vaccinum somewhat resembles the present species, but
differs in the distinctly corticate, hollow stem having the
apex naked ; umbonate pileus, &c.
TKICHOLOMA. 193
Tricholoma immundus. Berk.
Pileiis 2-3 in. across, rather fleshy at the disc, becoming
very thin towards the inflexed margin, minutely silky or
with very small scattered squamules visible only under a
lens, when dry dingy white, with darker stains; gills very
slightly rounded behind, rather close, about Ih lines broad,
pale grey with a pink tinge, in the larger specimens more
€S23ecially becoming very dark with age, margin entire ;
•stem about 2 in. long, 2 lines thick, nearly equal, dingy
white, fibrillose, often broken up into squamules at the apex,
solid ; spores subglobose, apiculate, colourless, 4-5 fju
diameter ; every part of the fungus becoQies blackish when
bruised.
Agaricas (Tricliolomd) immundus, Berk., Outl., p. 103 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 31 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 61 (not characteristic).
Among short grass in open places.
Caespitose or solitary ; characterised by the very dark
gills and thin pileus. The gills separate readily from the
pileus during drying, a character taken along with the
globose spores, that suggests the genus Paxillus.
Tricholoma inodermeum. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thin, white, then tinged
red ; conico-campanulate, acute, then becoming more convex
a,nd somewhat umbonate, the surface becoming broken up
into fibrils and adpressed, radiating scales, rufous-brown ;
gills free or slightly adnexed, very broad and remarkably
ventricose, almost semicircular, distant, rather thick, per-
sistently white, but becoming spotted with reddish when
bruised ; stem about 3 in. long, l|--2 in. thick, equal, hardly
fibrillose, white with a rufous tinge, apex powdered with
white, stufl'ed, hollow upwards, entirely fibrous, tough ;
spores elliptical, 7-8 X 4 /x.
Agaricus inodermeus, Fries, in Yet. Ac. Forh., 1851 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 364 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 945.
In damp, dense pine woods, &c.
Not closely allied to any known species. Resembling
Injcyhe pyriodora in habit.
Tricholoma hordum. Fr.
Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh rather thick ; campanulate
Ihen expanded, at length flattened, somewhat umbonate and
VOL. III. 0
194 fungUkS-flora.
tlie margin "upturned, dry, unequal, wavy, glabrous, surface
soon cracking, and in dry weather the whole surface becomes
broken up into squarrose scales, grey ; gills emarginate,
broad, rather distant, white then greyish ; stem 3 in. long,
^ in. and more thick, straight, glabrous, whitish, stuffed,
equal.
Agaricus {Tricholoma) liordum, Fries, Epicr., p. 39.
Under beeches, &c.
Very distinct. Inodorous, mild, very rigid and fragile.
Pileus sometimes covered with fibrils which soon disappear.
(Fries.)
Tricholoma murinaceum. Bull.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, except the disc ; campa-
nulate then expanded, sometimes more or less umbonate,
silky, becoming cracked into scales, or virgate, greyish
sometimes becoming paler, especially at the disc ; gills cut
out behind and adnexed, broad, distant, undulate, grey ;
stem 2—3 in. long, ^-f in. thick, pale grey and with scat-
tered, darker, minute scales, stuffed.
Agaricus murinaceus, Bulliard, t. 520; Cke., Hdbk., p. 31 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 49.
In woods.
The gills in " Illustrations " should have been cinereous,
but were left white by an error of the printer. (Cooke.)
Fries says that the scent is strong and nitrous ; he
however did not know the fungus, and qugted Persoon.
Berkeley says the smell is slight and not at all nitrous,
whereas Bulliard does not mention the smell at all. Some-
what resembling T. terreum, but differs in the black squamules
on the stem.
Pileus 4J in. across, at first campanulate, slightly umbo-
nate, then expanded, thin, firm, but very brittle, mouse-
coloured, cracked and virgate, silky, not the least viscid,
flesh white. Taste bitter, unj^leasant, rather acrid, Smell
neither powerful nor nitrous. Stem 3 in. high, 1 in. thick at
the top, cracked and streaked, silky, with minute black
scales, solid but fibrous, not the least stuffed or hollow.
Gills very broad, undulate, distant, having a tendency to
become forked and anastomosing, brittle, often marked with
raised lines, cinereous, powdery ; interstices slightly veined ;
THICIIOLOMA. 195
edge at length black. Individuals occur mucli tliicker and
larger.
Having at length found this species, I am able to state
positively that it is not the plant of Fries; the specific
name refers to the colour, not to the scent, which is very
slio-ht, and by no means nitrous. It is not at all moist or
viscid, but has a clothy feel, being virgate and silky. The
gills are not olivaceous when rubbed. Its affinities are
rather with Ag. argyraceus than with Hygropliorus. (Berk.)
Yery variable in form and size, and more especially in the
colour of the p ileus ; nevertheless it is easily recognised by
the form and colour of the large, broad gills, and by the
extremely fragile flesh. (Bulliaid.)
Tricholoma terreum. Schaeff.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, disc fleshy, thin elsewhere ; soft,
campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, entirely covered
with innate downy squamules, dark bluisli-grey, sometimes
with a tinge of brown ; gills cut out behind and adnexed,
with a minute decurrent tooth, 2 lines or more broad,
margin crenulate, greyish- white ; stem 1-3 in. high, J— i- in.
thick, almost equal, adpressedly fibrillose whitish, stuffed ;
spores subglobose, 5-6 fx.
Agaricus terreus, Schaeffer, t. 64 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 31 ; Cke.,
lUustr,, pi. 50.
In woods, especially of fir.
Solitary or caespitose, almost without smell; sometimes
large and with the pileus wavy and fibrillosely squamulose,
sometimes small, regular, pileus papillate and also squamn-
losely punctate. Pileus grey, bluish, fuscous, &c. (Fries.)
Var. orirubens, Quelet; Cke., lUustr., pi. 90; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 31.
About the size of the typical form ; pileus fleshy, convex,
fragile, smooth, grey, brownish in the centre ; clad with,
blackish fibrils ; stem solid, fibrous, white, streaked with
rose at the base ; flesh white ; gills emarginnte, undulated,
white with the edge reddish or rose-colour ; spores elliptical,
6-7 X 3 • 5 ju,.
On the ground. Smell like new meal.
Var. atrosquamosus, Chev. ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 32 ; Cke.,.
Illustr., pi, 51.
o 2
196 FUNGUS-FLORA.
About the size of the typical form ; pileiis pale pi^ey,
.covered with small black scales ; gills emarginate, whitish.
On the oround.
III. EIGIDA.
* GUIs ichite or imllid, not sjyotted.
Tricholoma macrorhizum. Lasch.
Smell strong. Pileus 5-8 in. across, flesh thick, firm,
white, becoming tinged with yellow when broken ; convex
then expanded and often more or less depressed at the disc,
glabrous and even at first, tben becoming cracked in an
•areolate manner, ochraceous, darker when old; gills deeply
emarginate, almost free, hardly crowded, narrowed towards
the front, 4-9 lines broad, pallid ; stem solid, stout, ventri-
■cose, 2-3 in. long, 2 in. thick, very minutely granulated,
whitish, ochraceous downwards, and continued downwards
as a stout, elongated, rooting base ; spores irregularly
globose, 5-6 /x diameter.
Agaricus macrorhizus, Lasch, in Linnea, no. 240; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 32.
Among grass under oaks, &c.
Smell strong, resembling that of Triclioloma sulfureum.
(Schulzer.)
The figure in Cooke's Illustrations, pi. 278, cannot, I
think, possibly be the present species, although it is called
.so; the gills are 1 line broad, somewhat decurrent, not at all
sinuate or emarginate ; what it does in reality represent, I
do not know.
Tricholoma saponaceum. Fr.
Strong-scented, firm. Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thick,
reddish when brol:en or sometimes when intact ; convex
then expanded, obtuse, often irregular, dry, glabrous, at
length cracked into squamules or punctate, livid-brown,
often with a tinge of olive ; margin naked at first ; gills
uncinat* ly emarginate, 2 lines broad, thin, distant, quite
-•■entire, white then pallid with a tinge of green ; stem 2—4 in.
long, about ^ in. thick, whitish, glabrous, fibrillose, or
TKICHOLOMA. IQ'J
sqiiamulose, unequal, solid, somewhat rooting ; spores about
5 X 4 /x.
Agaricus saponacetis, Fries, Obs., ii. p. 101 ; Cke. Hdbk.,
p. 32; Cke., Illustr., pi. 91, 216.
In woods.
Smell altogether peculiar, more soapy than nitrons (very
different to Ag. alcalinus, Hygropliorus murinaceus^ &c. ;
always safely distinguished by the compact but not fragile
substance, distant gills, pileus with a dry cuticle, glabrous,
at length cracked into scales, flesh of pileus and stem
becoming reddish when wounded. Stem solid, 2-3 in. long,
J in. and more thick, often unequal or curved ; base at-
tenuated, rooting, pallid ; sometimes glabrous, sometimes
squamulose when growing in leafy woods early in the season,
sometimes in late autumn elegantly reticulated with black
fibrils. Pileus fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, 2-4 in.
broad, entirely glabrous, moist in rainy weather, but never
viscid, even, then w^hen becoming dry more or less cracked
and rivulose, punctate, or broken up into scales ; normally
livid-brown, but varying to cinereous, greenish-olive, or
blackish ; margin thin, very glabrous, incurved at firsts
Elesh whitish, becoming more or less red when cut. Gills
uncinately emarginate, distant, thin, quite entire, pallid-
white ; in a remarkable variety, yellowish. vScarcely any
other species is so much confused as the present, yet it is
easily distinguished by the soapy smell and the reddish,
flesh. (Fries.)
Tricholoma cartilagineum. Bull.
Pileus 2-3 J in. across, flesh rather thick, rigid, white ;,
convex when young, obtuse, margin incurved and downy
then expanded and undulate or wavy, very obtuse, margin,
arched, bent down, and persistently incurved ; always very
dry, densely covered with minute black granules on a white
ground ; gills emarginate and sinuate, crowded, thin, 2 lines
broad, white, then grey but not dingy; stem hollow, short
and firm, but fragile, 1-2 in. long, almost 1 in. thick, pure
white, surface even, glabrous, polished.
Agaricus (Triclioloma) cartilagineum. Fries, Icon., t. 33 ;,
Cke., Hdbk., p. 33; Cke., Illustr., pi. 166.
198 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
Among grass in damp places in pine "woods, &c.
Smell none. Pileus minutely and very densely granulated
from the first, but the granules are entirely innate, and are
formed by the cuticle. The granules are at first in contact,
and the pileus black, when adult these become true
granules separated by white cracks. (Fries.)
Smell like new flour. (Berk.)
Tricholoma tenuiceps. Cke. & Mass.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh except at the disc very thin,
whi'e ; convex, obtuse or sometimes slightly gibbous, dry,
granular, opaque, everywhere sooty-bro^m; gills adnexed
and rounded behind, 2 lines broad, narrowed in front, ventri-
cose, white; stem 2-3 in. long, §-1 in. thick, solid, tough,
slightly thinner upwards, ochraceous-white, the entire
surface minutely granular, base abrupt, furnished with
Ion:,', spreading, cord-like mycelium; spores subglobose,
6-7 fx diameter.
Aqaricus ( Tricholoma) tenuiceps, Cke. and Massee, Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 398; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1166.
Among grass under trees.
A very distinct species, easily known by the very thin,
"blackish-brown pilens, and the spreading cord-like mycelium
resembling that of Collyhia platijphylla, var. repens.
Solitarj' or in clusters of 2-3.
Tricholoma loricatum. Fr.
Smell strong, unpleasant. Pileus 1—2 in. across, flesh thin,
whitish ; cartilaginous, tough, campanulate, then convex,
somewhat undulate, slightly viscid when moist, somewhat
papillose; cuticle thick, horny, sejoarable; umber-brown
or livid-brown, paler towards the margin; gills narrowed
"behind and almost free, closely crowded, ventricose, quite
entire, watery pallid or whitish straw- colon i', readily sepa-
rating from the j)ileus; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick,
eqnal or narrowed at the base, flesh fibrous, very tough,
imperfectly hollow, often twisted or irregular, brownish
brick-red, minutely fibrillusely striate under a lens.
Agaricus (^TricJioloma) loricatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 37; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 33.
In woods.
TEICHOLOMA. 199
Smell strong, unpleasant. Tough ; remarkable for the
horny, separable cuticle. Stem sometimes pale.
Tricholoma atrocinereum. Pers.
Pileus 1 J-2 in. across, flesh rather thick, dark and hyaline
when moist, hygrophanous ; convex then plane, glabrous,
dry, opaque, grey, the prominent disc darker, at first even
and entire, at length cracked and incised, margin upturned,
but not becoming broken up into squamules ; gills Yariable,
sometimes free, sometimes with a decurrent tooth, or
arcuately adnexed, more or less ventricose, thin, crowded,
hyaline white; stem 2-3 in. long, 4 lines thick, equal,
cylindrical ; striate from adpressed, longitudinal fibres, apex
naked, glabrous, whitish, stufied,
Agariciis atrocinerms, Peis., Syn., p. 348; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 33 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 52a.
Among grass, &c.
Allied to a form of T. ciineifollum, but distinguished by
the regular pileus not becoming broken up into scales, form
of the gills, and naked apex of stem. (Fries.)
Tricholoma cuneifolium. Fr.
Smell strong, like meal. Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh
thin ; convex then plane, dry, glabrous, soon broken up into
squamules, brown, margin often upturned and split ; gills
broad and obliquely truncate, narrowed behind and adnexed,
with a decurrent tooth, thin, crowded, white ; stem up to
1 in. long, 1—1^ line thick, hollow, narrowed at the base,
pallid, apex with white meal; spores subgiobose, 3*5 /a
diameter.
Agaricus cimeifoUus, Fries, Obs., ii. p. 99 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 33; Cke., Illustr., pi. 52b.
Among grass in sunny places, also in woods.
Readily distinguished by the small size, form of gills and
strong smell of meal.
Var. cinereo-rimosus^ Batsch; Cke., Hdbk., p. 34; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 261.
Pileus up to 2 in. across, pale grey with a pink tinge,
soon becoming concentrically cracked, interstices white ;
gills broad, rather distant.
Among grass.
200 FUNGUS-FLORA.
** Gills discoloured, spotted with rufous or grei/.
Tricholoma crassifolium. Berk.
Strong-scented. Pileus about 2-4 in. across, flesh wLite^
thick at the disc, very thin elsewhere ; somewhat cam-
panulate, then expanded and generally wavy, umbonate,
ochraceons ; disc darker and tinged umber ; gills sinuate
and nearly free, thick, moderately distant, becoming yellowisk
and stained Avith brown ; stem 1-1 ^ in. long, I in. thick^
sometimes more, nearly equal, solid, paler than the pileus,,
j^ruinose.
Agariciis {Tricholoma) crassifolius. Berk., Outl., p. 100;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 34 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 92.
In fir woods.
Eecognised by the strong small, ochraceous pileus, and
more especially the thick gills, which are very unusual in
the present genus.
Tricholoma tumidum. Pers.
Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh rather thick, white; de-
formed and bullate or inflated, then expanded and wavy, at
length cracking, damp in rainy weather, rather shining-
wdien dry, livid-grey, spotted and variegated, margin thin,
more or less lobed, incurved at first : gills emarginate, i in.
broad, thickest at the base, rather distant, pure white then
grey with a rufescent tinge ; stem solid, flesh fibrous, stout,
3 in. long, | in. thick, sometimes inflated, glabrous, striate,
pure white, base often attenuated and rooting; spores-
elliptical, 6 X 4 /x.
Agaricus tumiclus, Persoon, Syn., p. 350 ; Cke., Hdbk. p. 34;.
Cke., Illustr., pi. 93.
In pine woods, &c.
A tall species, somewhat cartilaginous, at length rigid
and fragile, smell w^eak, not unpleasant. Dimensions very
variable; sometimes, when growing among high moss, the
stem is elongated and slender, and the j^ileus smaller. Allied
to the Difformes section of Clitocyhe. (Fries.)
Var. Keithii, Phil. & Plow. ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 34.
This diff'ers from the type in its cinero-nifescent pileus.
TEICH0L03IA. 201_
less turgid, dirty white stem, cuticle not so brown, innate^
fibres, and in being tinged with red, especially near the
base. In some of these characters it agrees with T. sudum,.
from which it differs in its undulating pileus, distant gills,
and often rooting stem. The whole plant is fragile, the-
gills have a cinereous tinge, usually at length becoming
rufescent. It frequently has a j)t)werful odour of new
meal, and is intermediate between T. sudiim and T. iumidumy
but is nearer the latter. (Phil. & Plow.)
In pine woods.
Tricholoma sudum. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thickish, firm, white ; convex
then plane or even upturned, obtuse, drj^, broken up inta
scales, rufous or brownish-rufous ; gills deeply emarginate
with a decurrent tooth, about 3 lines broad, crowded, whitish,
margin rufescent, but not truly spotted with rufous ; stem,
about 3 in. long, -^ in. and more thick, slightly thinner
upwards, punctate with minute squamules but not fibrillose,,
pallid with a slight tinge of rufous, base with white down,
solid ; spores ellijotical, 6-7 X S'o fx.
Agaricus (^Tricholoma) siidus, Fries, Epicr., p. 38.
Among grass in woods, &c.
Somewhat resemlling T. arcuatum ; the latter differs in the
bulbous stem.
Tricholoma virgatum. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, greyish-white, rigid ;
convex then expanded, somewhat umbonate, always very
dry, glabrous and almost even, but elegantly virgate or
streaked with fine black lines formed by innate fibrils ;
greyish, umbo often darker, broken up into squamules.
when old ; margin straight and naked at first ; gills broadly
emarginate, 3-5 lines broad, crowded, at length greyish;,
stem about 3 in. long, ^ in. and more thick, equal, or the
base more or less swollen, striate, usually glabrous, some-
times squamulose, whitish both outside and inside, firm,
solid; spores subglobose, 0-8 x 5-6 /x.
Agaricus (Tricholoma) virgatus. Fries, Epicr., p. 39; Cke.,.
Hdbk., p. 35; Cke., Illustr., pi. 167.
In pine and other woods.
Usually solitary. A well-marked species, being the only
202 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
one witli a perfectly dr3% virgate pileus ; all tlie other virgate
species, as T. portentosum, &c., having the pileus viscid.
Taste bitter when young, but insipid at maturity.
The figure in "Illustrations" is too dark. The pileus is
usually white with a slight cinereous tinge. (Cooke.)
- lY. SERICELLA.
* Gills hroad, rather distant. Smell strong.
Tricholoma sulphureum. Fr.
Foetid. Pileus 1-3 in. across, flesh rather thick ; sub-
globose, then soon convexo-plane, rather umbonate, at
length depressed, slightly silky at first, soon almost
glabrous and even, pale sulphur-colour, sometimes with a
rufescent tinge ; gills adnexed, narrowed behind, arcuately
emarginate, rather thick, distant, distinct, bright sulphur-
colour ; stem 2-4 in. long, 3-6 lines thick, almost equal,
often curved, almost glabrous, striate, sulphur-yellow;
same colour inside, and fibrous; spores 9 — 10 x 5 /x.
Agaricus (Tricholonui) sulfureus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 110;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 35 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 62.
In woods.
Gregarious. Distinguished by the sulphur-yellow colour
of every part, and the strong, penetrating, unpleasant smell.
Pileus 1-2 in. broad, fleshy, obtuse, at length expanded
or depressed with a slight appearance of an umbo, sometimes
flexuous and irregular, dirty yellow, or ochraceous-umber,
darker in the centre, the margin at first involute and
minutely tomentose, the whole clothed with extremely
minute .silkiness or squamulae, so as to give it a pulverulent
appearance, retaining the impression of the fingers; flesh
yellow. Gills subdistant, rounded, flexuous, emarginate or
acuto-adnate. Stem 2 in. or more high, 4 lines thick, occa-
sionally subbulbous, stuffed, sometimes at length hollow,
the surface of the cavity rather slimy, yellow within,
furnished at the base occasionally with many rather strong
yellow fibrous roots. Odour disagreeable, at first faiina-
ceous, then like that of Hemerocallis Jiava. Taste unpleasant
but acrid. (Berk.)
TRICHOLOMA. 203
Tricholoma opicum. Fr.
Pileiis 1-1^ in. across, flesh rather thin, becoming greyish ;
convex then expanded, obtasely-nmbonate, at length usually
upturned and split, very dry, even at first, then minutely
squamulose. grey ; gills broadly emarginate, ventricose,
rather thick, scarcely distant, hoary ; stem 2-3 in. long,
2-3 lines thick, equal, fibrillose, becoming almost glabrous,
pallid then greyish, stuffed.
Agariciis {Tricholomd) opicus, Fries, Epicr., p. 39.
Among moss, in pine woods, &c.
Inodorous. Somewhat resembling T. saponaceum, but dis-
tinguished by the absence of smell. This same character,
and difference in colour separate the present from T.
sulphureum, with which it agrees in size and gill structure.
Tricholoma bufonium. Pers.
Pileus 1J-2J in. across, flesh thick ; convex then expanded
or almost plane, somewhat umbonate or gibbous, silky at
first, soon almost glabrous, punctately rugose, opaque,
purplish- brown, blackish-umber, tan-colour, &c. ; gills
slightly sinuate, and more or less decurrent, rather distant,
yellowish tan-colour then pallid ; stem about 2-3 in. long,
3-4 lines thick almost equal or slightly ventricose towards
the base, flocculose, coloured like the pileus, stuffed; spores
subglobose, 4-5 fx.
Agaricus hufonius, Persoon, Syn., p. 359 ; Cke., lUustr.,
pi. 181 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 35.
In pine woods.
Distinguished by the tan-coloured gills and flocculose or
downy stem.
Tricholoma lascivum. Fr.
Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh rather thin, persistently
white ; convex then plane, at length depressed, obtuse,
indistinctly silky, dry, tan-colour becoming pallid ; margin
at first incurved ; gills arcuately adnexed, at length arcu-
ately decurrent, horizontal, thin and crowded ; stem about
2 ill. long, solid, rigid, entirely fibrous;, equal, externally
fibrillose, whitish, apex with white meal, base rooting and
doAvny ; spores 8-10 x 4-5 fx.
Agaricus (^Tricholoma) lascivus, Fries, Epicr., p. 110; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 35; Cke., Illnstr., pi. 94.
204: FUNGUS-FLOEi .
In mixed woods.
Agreeing in many points of structure, and in the strong
smell, with T. sulpliureum and T. inamoemim, but differing
from both in the crowded gills, and in colour.
Odour of gas tar. (Berk.)
Var. robustus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 36 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 217.
More robust than the type. Pileus almost white, silky ^
not viscid ; scarcel}' any perceptible odour.
Pileus 2J in. broad, convex, at length depressed, firm,
fleshy, under the lens minutely adpresso-silky, margin at
first involute; flesh white. Gills white, when young
arcuato-adnate, nearly horizontal, when old sub-decurrent,
very brittle, closer than in the last, but still not very close.
Stem firm, solid, composed of fibres, more or less fibrillose-
or fibrillose squamose, the fibrillae curved up from below ;
paler than the pileus, rooting, downy at the base, not
bulbose, apex pruinose. Odour in all respects like the^^last
(-4. sulpliureus), only not quite so strong. (Berk.)
Trlcholoma inamoenum. Fr.
Foetid. Pileus 1-2J in. across, flesh thin but firm, pure
white ; convex then expanded, rather umbonate, very dry,
slightly silky then even, dingy white ; gills variously
adfixed, normally emarginate with a decurrent tooth, but
sometimes truly adnato-decurrent, plane, rather thick, very
broad and very distant, distinct, pure white; stem 3-4 in.
long, 3*6 lines thick, equal, almost glabrous, white, solid,
firm, often rooting and downy when growing among moss ;
spores 9-10 x 6-7.
Agaricus ( Triclioloma) inamoenus, Fries, Epicr., p. 44; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 36; Cke., Illustr., pi. 77.
In pine woods, &c.
Our only white Triclioloma with a strong smell. The
smell is something like that of T. sulfureum, but stronger
and more disagreeable.
Pileus 1-3 Id. broad, convex, with or without an umbo,
fleshy, but not very thick on the margin, under the len&
adpresso-silky ; white with a slight tinge of ochre in the
centre. Gills broad (|-f of an in.), distant, emarginate
Stem 2 in. or more long, 3-6 lines thick, equal, tough, com-
posed of fibres, not rooting in my specimens. Odour like
TRICHOLOMA. 205
that of Trich. sulpliurea. I find a state of this with the
pileus singularly compressed all round, minutely pitted and
wrinkled, the epidermis cracked, so as to appear tesselated.
Fries in his specific character describes it as smooth, but in
his subjoined remark implies that it is " sericeo-adpressus.'*
Hj/gr. cossus, Sow., with which Fries compares it in his
Elenchus is certaioly quite different, as stated above. My
specimens have not so much the habit of that, as of Trich.
cinerascens, Bull., or Trich. columhetta. (Berk.)
Var. insignis, Mass. Gills decurrent, truly distant.
The smell is so precisely like that of the normal A.
inamoenus, that I follow Fries in considering it a mere
variety. (B. & Br.)
** Gills thin, croivded, narrow. Small ; inodorous.
Tricholoma cerinum. Pers.
Pileus 1-1 i in. across, flesh thin, firm, white; convex
then expanded, obtuse, at length depressed, very opaque
■and remarkably dry, even and almost glabrous, dingy wax-
colour or brownish ; gills sinuate, adnexed, separating from
the stem, horizontal, plane, very thin and crowded, 1 line
l)road, dark yellow or wax-colour ; stem about 1 in. long,
2-3 lines thick, equal, naked, fibrillosely striate, yellow,
base sometimes brown, stuffed.
Agaricus cerinus, Persoon, Syn., p. 321 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 36 ;
dke., Illustr., pi. 95b.
In dry pine woods, &c.
Small, the structure of the stem inclines to that cha-
racteristic of Clitocyhe, but the gills are sinuate when per-
fectly developed. (Fries.)
The yellow gills, contrasted with the brown pileus, make
it a very pretty species. The pileus in our specimens is
brown, which seems to be the more usual colour; but it is
sometimes yellow. (B. & Br.)
Tricholoma fallax. Peck.
Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin; convex then ex-
panded, rarely depressed at the centre, moist, smooth, yellow,
206 FUNGUS-FLORA.
disc sometimes rufous; gills adnexed, rounded Lehind,
crowded, white then yellowish; stem about 1 in. long, 1^
line thick, smooth, pale yellow, stuffed then hollow, base
sometimes narrowed; s]oores elliptical, 4—5 X 3 /x,.
Agaricus (Triclwloma) fallax, Peck, 2oth EejDort, State
Mus., N.Y., t. i. f. 5-8; Cke., Hdbk., p. 364; Cke., lllustr.,
pi. 1151a.
Under firs.
Distinguished among the small sjDecies of Triclioloma by
the clear but pale yellow pile us and stem, and the yellowish
gills.
Tricholoma ionides. Bull.
Pileus 1-2 Id. across, disc fleshy, campanulale, then convex,
at length plane, umbonate, even, almost glabrous, usually
dingy violet, becoming pale ; gills emarginate with a slight
decurrent tooth, crowded, thin, margin eroded, 1^ line
broad, white then becoming pallid; stem 1-1^ in long,
elastic, often curved at the base, fibrillose, coloured like the
pileus, stuffed ; spores pip-shaped, 6-7 x 3 • 5 /A.
Agaricus ionides^ Bull., Champ., t. 533, f. 3; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 36 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 95a.
In woods.
Pileus violet, lilac, or brownish-purple; distinguished
from T. humile and T. sordidum by the white gills.
Var. parvus, Lasch, Cke., Hdbk., p. 37.
Eeddisli-brown, pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulate then
expanded (slightly silky), stem stuffed, then hollow, floccose.
attenuated downwards ; gills adnexed with a tooth, eroded,
powdered with white.
In a stove.
Tricholoma carneum. Bull.
Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, tough, snow-white ;
hemispherical at first, then convex and regular, obtuse, at
length expanded and upturned, often with an umbo, usually
wavy and sometimes exeentric, even, glabrous, dry, not at all
hygrophanous, reddish flesh-colour, at length whitish ; gills
rounded behind and almost free, horizontal, closely crowded,
broadest behind, 1-1^ line broad, pure white ; stem up to
TRICHOLOMA. 207
1 in. long, sometimes very short, 1—2 lines thick, apex
thickest, and narrowing towards the base, pale reddish-pink
becoming almost white, apex somewhat pruinose, tough and
fibrous almost cartilaginous, rigid, stuffed then hollow;
spores 3 X 2 /x.
Agaricus carneus, Bull., t. 533; Cke., Hdbk., p. 37; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 96a.
Among grass, by-paths in woods, &c.
In general habit and stem structure agreeing with Gollijhia,
but placed here on account of its evident affinity with
T. jpaeonium and T. ionides. (Fries.)
Tricholoma caelatum. Fr.
Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh thin ; convex but with the
centre depressed, not striate, glabrous and brown when
growing, but flocculose, cracked and pallid grey when dry;
gills sinuate, adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, slightly
arcuate, dingy white or greyish ; stem up to 1 in, long,
1-1^ line thick, equal, or the apex slightly thickened, brown,
apex obsoletely pruinose, tough, elastic, but not cartilaginous,
stuffed in small specimens, often hollow when large ; spores
elliptical, 8 X 5 /x.
Agaricus (Tricholoma) caelatum. Fries, Epicr., p. 42 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 37; Cke., Illustr., pL 96b.
On the ground, especially scorched places.
A very peculiar species, entire habit remarkable, and not
to be compared with any other species of Tricholoma. From
the constantly umbilicate pileus, at first sight resembling an
Omphalia, but the stem is not at all cartilaginous, and the
gills evidently sinuate behind. Somewhat agreeing with
Tricholoma putidum in colour and stature, but in this species
the pileus is umbonate, smell strong of new meal, and
other points of difference. There are certain affinities with
certain species of Clitocyhe, as G. hirneola and G. jparilis,
with which the present species agrees in size, colour, and
the dingy white spores, but again, these differ widely in the
decurrent gills and many other points. (Fries, j
•208 FUNGUS-FLOKA.
V. GUTTATA.
* Gills loTiitish,
Tricholoma gambosum. Fr.
Smell resembling fresh meal. Pileiis 3-5 in. across, flesh
thick, soft, fragile, white ; hemispherical then convex, at
length expanded, obtuse, wavy, even, glabrous, but marked
with drop-like spots, at length cracking, but not becoming
truly broken up into squamiiles, pallid-tan, margin incurved
and downy at first; gills emarginate and adnexed, with a
somewhat decurrent tooth, sinuate and decurrent when old,
crowded, ventricose, 2-3 lines broad, whitish ; stem 2— 2^ in.
long, ^1 in. thick, almost equal, base often curved and
ascending when growing in clusters, white, apex downy,
solid; spores elliptical, 13-14 x 8-1) /x.
Agaricus (Tricholoma') gamhosus, Fries., Epicr., p. 43; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 37 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 63.
In pastures, &c. Spring.
Often growing in circles, or tufted. Smell joleasant, like
new meal.
** Gills discoloured, rufous or smohy.
Tricholoma amethystinum. Scop.
Pileus 1^2 in. across, flesh thick, white ; convex then
-expanded and often wavy or with the margin slightly
upturned, obtuse or with a trace of an umbo, glabrous, even,
moist, livid and more or less spotted or stained with blue,
margin paler and wrinkled ; gills somewhat adnate, 1 J line
broad, crowded, white then rufescent ; stem 1^-2 in. long,
3-5 lines thick, attenuated at the base, paler than the pileus,
.solid, often slightly bent.
Agaricus amethystinus, Scopoli, Carn., ii. p. 437; Cke.,
Bdbk., p. 38; Cke., Illustr., pi. 262.
In pine woods.
Pileus pale with a dingy olive tinge, and spotted with
clear blue.
Tricholoma albellum. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, becoming thin
■towards the margin, soft, white, unchangeable ; convex tben
TKICHOLOMA. 209
expanded and gibbons, vAhite then pallid, grejdsli when dr}',
often mottled or with scale-like spots, margin naked; gills
slightly adnexed, much narrowed behind, broadest in
front, closely crowded, entire, white; stem ovately bulbous,
cylindrical above, l|-2 in. long, up to ^ in. thick, iibrillosely
striate, white, solid ; spores elliptical, 6-7 X 4 /x.
Agaricus (Tricholoma) alhellus, Fries, Epicr., p. 43; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 38; Cke., Illustr., pi. 299.
In woods, &c.
Appearing earlier in the season than T. gamhosum, found
in April. Sometimes solitary, large ; sometimes densely
caespitose and smaller. Smell and taste pleasant, weak.
Pileus regular, not turning yellowish, white when fresh,
then grejish-brown, spotted here and there. Often con-
founded with a small form of A. gamhosus. (Fries.)
T. gamhosum differs in the gills being attached by a
decurrent tooth; stem downy at the apex; the pileus is
usually very pale tan, but sometimes whitish.
Tricholoma boreale. Fr.
Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh thick at the disc and
becoming gradually thin towards the margin, soft, white ;
irregular, somewhat umbonate, glabrous, rivulose or minutely
downy when dry, flesh-colour then whitish; margin naked,
even ; gills emarginate, thin, crowded, white ; stem 2-3 in.
long, ^-| in. thick, solid, elastic, glabrous, unequal, at-
tenuated at the base, whitish ; spores subglobose, 4-5 /x,
diameter.
Agaricus (Tricholoma) horeaUs, Fries, Epicr., p. 44; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 365; Cke., Illustr., pi. 950? (differing widely from
the figure and description of Fries in the very distant dingy
gills).
Among grass in woods, &g.
Truly gregarious, somewhat caespitose, smell resembling
new meal, taste pleasant, hence without doubt esculent, and
with allied forms may be compared with T. gamhosum. Stem
solid, elastic, 2-3 in. long, |- in. thick, attenuated downwards,,
often twisted and incurved, glabrous, apex indistinctly
pruinose, always white. Pileus fleshy, variable in form,.
usually convex and umbonate, unequal, often wavy, not
spotted, glabrous, minutely cracked when dry, about 2 in.
VOL. m. p
210 FUNGUS-FLORA.
broad, flesh-colour at first, but becoming pale when old and
whitish, tan; margin thin, naked, involute. Flesh soft,
white, soon infested with maggots. Gills emarginate,
with a decurrent tooth, thin, crowded, whitish, colour not
changing. Among the tribe Guttata^ where the species are
closely allied, and of which T. gamhosiim is typical, the present
species is remarkable for the flesli-coloured, unspotted pileus.
Most nearly allied to T. cdbellum, which however appears
earlier in the season and differs in colour, &c. (Fries.)
Tricholoma tigrinum. Schaeff.
Pileus lJ-2 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, margin thin,
white; convex then expanding and often wavy, glabrous,
pale brown or greyish-white, with darker, crowded spots,
ibut not broken up ; gills rounded behind, crowded, narrow,
white ; stem about 1 in. long and nearly or quite as thick,
tumid, firm, white, pruinose, solid.
Agaricus tigrinus^ Schaefi'., t. 89 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 38 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 64.
In fir woods, &c.
Stout, smell not remarkable, like fresh meal. Stem 1 in.
long and thick, very compact, solid, pruinose, white. Pileus
compactly fleshy, in my specimens convex then expanded,
obtuse, wavy, 2 in. broad, pale brown, variegated with
crowded, darker spots. Flesh thick, white, unchangeable,
thin towards the involute margin. Gills rounded behind, at
length with a decurrent tooth, crowded, narrow, white, at
length becoming dark. (Fries.)
Odour foetid. (Cooke.)
The pileus is sometimes whitish or with a tinge of grey,
and the spots almost black. Differs from T, guttatum in the
pileus not being broken up, and the margin even.
Tricholoma pes-caprae. Fr.
Pileus fleshy at the disc, the rest thin, conical then
expanded, umbonate, unequal, 1-2 in. across when young,
entire; expanded when adult, and then 3-4 in. across,
cracked, greyish-brown, variegated, margin thin, naked ;
gills emarginate, up to J in. broad, at length distant, white
then greyish ; stem solid, about 3 in. long, scarcely J in.
thick, equal or attenuated downwards, naked, white ; spores
. elliptical, 8 x 5 /x.
TEICHOLOMA. 211
Agaricus (Tricholoma) pes-caprae, Fries, Epicr., p. 45 ; Cke.,.
HdLk., p. 365.
Among grass, leaves, &c.
Gregarious, subcaespitose, fragile, mucli more slender than
neighbouring species. (Fries.)
Var. multiformis, Schaeff., t. 14 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 946.
Form variable, caespitose, smaller and flesh of pileus
thinner than in the typical form.
VI. SPOXGIOSA.
* Gills not discoloured.
Tricholoma patulum. Fr.
Pileus 2J-4 in. across, flesh thin, not compact, white;
firm, convex then plane, obtuse, often wavy, even, glabrous,
not spotted, pale ashj^'-grey ; gills constantly and equally
emarginate, almost free, crowded, 2 lines broad, plane, sides
veined, whitish; stem 2-4 in. long, ^-1 in. thick, equal,
rather elastic, glabrous, pure white; flesh fibrous, solid,
firm ; spores elliptical, 7-8 X 4 /x.
Agaricus (Tricholoma) paiulus, Fries, Epicr., p. 47; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 39 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 279.
In mossy meadows, under birches, &c.
Solitary, or growing in troops. Inodorous. Cannot be
compared with any other species of Tricholoma, but re-
sembling certain caespitose species of Clitocybe, from which
it is quite distinct in the remarkably emarginate, and almost
free gills. The colour somewhat resembles that of CoUyhia
jolatyphylla, but the two are not at all allied, the last-named
differing in the thinner, virgate pileus and very broad gills.
Very luxuriant in rainy seasons, and when the weather is
very dry it is entirely absent. In dry seasons it is solitary,
whereas during rainy seasons it is densely caespitose.
(Fries.)
Tricholoma Schumacheri. Fr.
Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh thick, spongy, white,
compact; convex then exj)anded, obtuse, regular, even,
glabrous, moist in rainy weather but not hygrophanous,
p 2
212 FUXt US-FLOEA.
uniformly livid-grc}", the extreme margin projecting beyond
the gills and incurved ; gills emarginate, closely crowded,
plane, 3-4 lines broad, white ; stem solid, stout, 3-4 in. long,
lip to 1^ in. thick, equal, base downy, and sometimes ventri-
cosely bulbous, naked, slightly striate, white, fibrous outside.
Agaricus (Tridioloma) Schiimacheri, Epicr., p. 45; Cke.>
Hdbk., p. 38; Cke., Illustr., pL 168.
In back woods, &c.
Stature of Tridioloma ])ersonatiim, colour resembling.-
Clitocybe nehularis. (Fries.)
Tricholoma circumtectum. C. & M.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thick, white ; convex, dry, very
obtusely umbonate at first, or quite obtuse, rarely becoming;
slightly depressed, margin incurved, downy, wavy ; often
cracking a little when old, disc dingy pale tan or ochraceous,
greenish-olive towards the margin, at length altogether
pale tan ; gills slightly sinuate, adnexed, l|-2 lines broad,
scarcely crowded, persistently white ; stem about 1 in long,.
|— I in thick, usually more or less swollen near the base, but
always tapering more or less to a point at the extreme base^
striate, whitish, solid ; spores subglobose, 4-5 fx diameter.
Agaricus (Tricholoma) circumtectus, Cooke & Massee ; Cke.^
Hdbk., p. 382 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1182.
On the ground under trees.
A well-marked species, known by the pileus being dingy
olive at first then tan-colour, the change starting at the-
disc, downy margin of pileus, and pointed base of stem.
Tricholoma arcuatum. Bull.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thick, soft, hygrophanous,
brownish- white, at length usually tan-colour ; at first
compact, then very soft, convex then plane, obtuse, even,,
glabrous, moist in rainy weather, blackish-umber or rufous-
brown, becoming pale and discoloured with age; gills
rounded behind, sinuate and with a decurrent tooth, arcuate,
at length plane, crowded, narrow, pure white; stem solid,
firm, Ij in long, i in. thick, incrassated below and more or
less bulbous, at first squamulosely fibrillose, then naked and
somewhat reticulated, pale brown, base blackish, spongy
Avithin,
TKICHOLOMA. 213
Agaricns arcuatus, Bulliard, Champ. Fr., t. 589, f. 1 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 39 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 218a.
Among grass in pastures, &c.
Colour and size variable. Allied to T. panaeolum and
T. melaleucum ; the furmer differs in the greyish gills, and
the latter in the white flesh.
Tricholoma oreinum. Fr.
Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh rather thick, white ; convex
then plane, obtuse, even, glabrous, fuscous then livid; gills
rounded behind, free, crowded, plane, up to 1 line broad,
white ; stem about 1 in. long, and I2- line thick, with a slight
swelling at the base, otherwise equal, whitish, apex witli
white squamules, solid.
Agaricus (Tricholoma) oreinus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 52;
€ke., Hdbk., p. 39; Cke., Illustr., pi. 218b.
On heaths, &c.
The gills are equally broad up to the margin, beyond
which they project, a character that separates this species
from T. humilum. (Fries.)
Tricholoma album. Schaeff.
Entirely white. Taste acrid. Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh
thick ; convex then expanded, very dry, even, disc sometimes
yellowish ; gills emarginate, about 3 lines broad, somewhat
crowded, not changing colour ; stem about 3 in. long and
^ in. thick, attenuated upwards, almost naked, elastic, solid.
Agaricus alhus, Schaeffer, t. 256 (slender form); Fries,
Icon., p. 39, pi. 43 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 39 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 65
{too ochraceous).
In woods.
Size very variable, sometimes very robust, at others
slender. Entirely pure white, sometimes becoming yellowish,
especially the disc. Smell weak but taste bitter. (Fries.)
Tricholoma leucocephalum. Fr.
Pure white. Smell strong, joleasant, resembling new
meal. Pileus about iMn. across, flesh thin, compact, tough ;
convex then plane, obtuse, even, moist, glabrous, but covered
with pure white silky down when young; margin acute,
spreading, glabrous ; gills rounded behind and almost free,
crowded thin, quite entire, clear white ; stem up to 2 in.
211: FUNGUS-FLORA.
lonir. 3 lines thick ; liollow, fibrous but polished and somewhat
cartilaginous externally, base solid, attenuated, rooting,
twisted, even, glabrous ; sj^ores subglobose minutely echinu-
]ate, 9-10 X 7-8 /x.
Agaricus (TricJioloma) leucoceplialus, Fries, Epicr., p. 47 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 40; Cke., Illustr., pi. 78.
On naked ground, also among grass, &c.
T. album somewhat resembles the present species, but
differs in bein"; inodorous. T. inamoeimm differs in the verv
strong disagreeable smell, and the very broad gills.
** Gills discoloured.
Tricholoma militare. Lasch.
Pileus 4-7 in. across, flesh thick, firm, white ; pileus at
first convex and gibbous, with the margin incui'ved and
furnished with white floccose down, then expanded and more
or less plane or depressed and wavy, almost glabrous, viscid,
cinnamon or yellowish, margin even ; gills emarginate^
slightly crowded, whitish, at length spotted, 2 lines broad,
edge becoming torn; stem 31-5 in. long, up to 1 in. thick at
the somewhat bulbous or thickened base, squamidose or
coarsely fibrillose, pallid, solid.
Agaricus militaris, Lasch, Linnea, no. 490; Cke., Hdbk.^
p. 40; Cke., Illustr., pi. 169.
In woods, &c.
Smell and taste unpleasant. Diifers from Triclioloma
civile in the strong smell and spotted gills,
Tricholoma civile. Fr.
Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh white, soft, rather thick ;
convex then almost plane, even, glabrous, cuticle sejDarable,.
rather viscid, gilvous or pale yellowish brown ; gills deeply
emarginate, 2—3 lines broad, crowded, white then yellowi.^h,
not spotted; stem 2-2| in. long, 3-5 lines thick, solid, soft,.
fragile, whitish, fibrillosely squamulose.
Agaricus (^Tricholoma) civilis, Fries, Icones, p. 38, t. 42 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 40.
In pine woods.
Stem solid, soft inside, fragile, narrowed upwards from
the incrassated base, 2 in. and more long, fibrillose or
TRICHOLOMA. 215
squamulose, whitish. Pilens truly fleshy, very soft and
fragile, convex then plane, obtuse, 3 in. broad, even, very
glabrous, almost viscid when moist, gilvous then becoming
pale, not becoming discoloured, never virgate, disc darker,
pellicle separable. Flesh spongy, whitish. Gills deeply
sinuate, almost free, crowded, 3 lines broad, very soft, white
then pallid or yellowish. Inodorous. Triclioloma militare
differs in the strong smell, margin of pileus at first involute
and pruinose, gills spotted. (Fries.)
Tricholoma duracinum. Cooke.
Pileus 2-2 i in. across, disc very fleshy, margin thin, flesh
nearly Avhite, firm ; convex, broadly gibbous, dry, smooth,
shining, grey with an olive tinge, margin incurved ; gills
emarginate, 1 line broad, arcuate, crowded, grey ; stem
about 2 in. long, 1 in. thick near the base, attenuated
upwards, striate below, reticulately squamose above, paler
than the pileus, or greyish-white, solid.
Agaricus (Tricholoma^ duracinus, Cooke, Grev., xii. p. 41;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 640.
On the ground under cedars.
Pileus 3 in. diameter, stem 3 in. long, 1^ in. thick at the
base, nearly an inch at the a^DCx. Fleshy disc nearly an inch
thick. Gills little more than a line broad. Upper part of
the stem minutely squamose in a peculiar reticulated manner.
Whole fungus cinereous and firm. (Cooke.)
Tricholoma personatum. Fr.
Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh thick, white, firm then soft ;
convex then expanded, regular, glabrous, moist, margin
slightly projecting beyond the gills, at first incurved and
pruinosely downy, yellowish tan-colour, sometimes greyish
or with a lilac tinge; gills rounded behind and almost free,
2 lines broad, crowded, violet then dingy ; t>tem 2 in. long,
J— I in. thick, rather bulbous, downy, coloured like the
pileus, often with a violet tinge, solid; spores elliptical,
8-10 X 5-6 IX.
Agaricus (Triclioloma) personatus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i.
p. 50 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 41 ; Cke., Illustr., pL QQ.
In pastures, woods, &c.
Allied to T. nudum^ but difiers in the downy margin of the
pileus, downy stem, and thick flesh of pileus.
216 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Gregarious, frequently in large rings. Pileus 2-6 in.
"broad, fleshy, firm, pale bistre or purple lilac, occasionally
violet, convex, obtuse, very smooth and shining as if oiled
l3ut not viscid, margin involute, pulverulento-tomentose.
Gills rounded, free, not distant, narrow in front, paler than
the pileus, sometimes violet, turning to a dirty flesh-colour,
especially when bruised. Stem 1-3 in. high, | of an in.
thick, firm, bulbous, solid, mottled within towards the apex
with watery spots ; clothed more or less with villous
fibrillae, tinged with violet. Odour like that of A. oreades,
but rather overpowering, taste pleasant. Sold, according to
,.Sowerby, in Covent Garden Market under the name of
.Blewitts. (Berk.)
Triclioloina nudum. Bull.
Whole fungus tinted violet at first. Pileus 2-2|~ in.
-across, convex then more or less depressed and often wavy,
becoming pale, silky and shining when dry, flesh very thin
except at the disc, tinted pale lilac, margin persistently
incurved, naked; gills rather crowded, narrow, 2—3 lines
broad, narrowest behind and subdecurrent, intermediate
• oues numerous, bright violet when young, brownish-lilac
when old; stem 2-3 in. long, up to ^ in thick, subeqnal,
elastic, stuffed, longitudinally fibrillose, slightly powdered
with a white bloom ; spores elliptical, 7 X 3 • 5 /a.
Agaricus nudus, Bulliard, t. 439 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 41 ;
Berk., Outlines, t. 4, f. 7. (It is doubtful whether Cke.,
Illustr., t. 67 is the right species; it is certainly too robust
and yellow in the pileus for the typical form.)
On the ground among leaves, &c. Known from Triclioloma
sordida, which the present species somewhat resembles, by the
perfectly even, naked, incurved margin of the pileus.
Pileus about 2 in. broad, thin, obtuse, plane or subde-
pressed, at first amethyst-coloured, but changing to a pinky
rufous ; margin involute. Gills of the same colour as the
pileus, rounded behind though sometimes decurrenti-adnate,
connected and traversed by veins. Stem 2 in. high, 3-4
lines thick, stufi'ed with spongy fibres, subequal, at first
fibrillose, at length nearly smooth, more or less of the colour
4/f the pileus. (Berk.)
Altogether more slender than T. personatum, becoming
TRICHOLOMA, 217
very mucli discoloured, brownish -violet at first, then rufes-
cent, gills darker. Smell acid. (Fries.)
Var, major, Cke., Hdbk., p. 41 ; Cke., Illiistr., pi. 133.
Larger and more robust than the typical form. Pileus
4-5 in. across ; stem 4-6 in. high, 1 in. thick, spores
5 X 2-5 //.
Among dead leaves.
The figure by Cooke looks very much more like a very
large T. personatum ; the gills are pallid, without a trace of
lilac.
Tricholoma cinerascens. Bull.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, rather fleshy, convex, then expanded,
obtuse, smooth, even, white becoming greyish, margin thin,
naked, sliglitly striate ; gills rounded behind, not distinctlj^
sinuate, rather close, white then reddish-grey, finally dingy
yellow, easily separating from the pileus; stem stufi'ed,
fibrous, elastic, subequal, smooth ; spores elliptical.
Agaricus (Tricholoma) cinerascens, Bull., Champ., t. 48, f. 2 ;
€ke., Hdbk., p. 41 ; Cke., Illustr., t. 170.
In woods.
Caespitose; pileus 2-3 in. across, convex, of a dirty pale
ochre, slightly streaked with watery lines, firm but not
brittle, clothed with very obscure matted down ; flesh thin,
white. Stem curved, slightly streaked, tinged like the
pileus, paler above and slightly pulverulent, solid, stringy.
Oills moderately distant, at fiist attenuated behind, at
length rounded and easily separating, as in Paxillus involutuSy
white or very slightly ochraceons, stained like the pileus
when old and bruised, very slightly anastomosing behind.
Spores certainly not cinereous. Smell rather disagreeable,
pungent ; the stem, however, when broken, smells like new
meal. (B. & Br.)
Tricholoma panaeolum. Fr.
Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh not thick, and like tliat of
the stem, spongy and absorbing moisture, but the pileus is
not by any means hygrophanous, white when dry, convex
then flattened or often depressed, obtuse, usually wavy and
often excentric, even, sooty-grey, covered with an almost
innate grey bloom ; gills emarginate or rounded behind, at
218 FUNGUS-FLORA.
length, slightly decurrent, closely crowded, quite entire,
plane, 2 lines broad, white then grey; stem 1-1^ in long,
^ in. thick, solid, tough, elastic, fibrous outside, spongy
w^ithin, glabrous, naked not polished, greyish- white ; spores
subglobose, 5-6 /x. diameter.
Agaricus ( TricTioloma) jpanaeoliis, Fries, Epicr., p. 49 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 42 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 97.
On the ground.
Small, but film, tough, elastic, smell and taste not un-
pleasant ; colour of pileus sooty, and with a broken up
bloom on the surface. (Fries.)
Colour of the pileus dingy or smoky-grey, tlie gills se^^a-
rate readily from the pileus. (Cooke.)
Tricholoma cnista. Fr.
Pileus 2- 3 in. across, flesh rather thick, soft, wliite,
unchangeable; convex then ])lane, obtuse, even, glabrous,
moist, not viscid, pale tan or whitish, disc darker, margin
incurved, naked, even ; gills adnexed, rounded behind,
inclined to separate from the pileus, broad, crowded, 3 lines
broad, transversely veined, crist ed when dry, white, pallid-
yellow when bruised ; stem 1^-2 in. long, 4 lines thick,
equal, even, glabrous, white, tough, solid ; spores 9-10 X 4 /x.
Agaricus (Tricholoma) cnista, P'lies, Epicr., p. 50.
Among grass in open places, &c.
Similar to T. ^anaeolum, bnt white, not becoming grey ;.
smell resembling cooked flesh. Stem fleshy, 1^-2 in. long,
J in. thick, even. Pileus 2-3 in. across, white, somewhat
tan-colour, disc rather darker, flesh wdiite. (Fries.)
VII. HYGROPHANA.
* Gills whitisJi, not spotted.
Tricholoma melaleucum. Pers.
Pileus 1^-3 in. across, flesh thin ; convex then plane,
obsoletel}^ umbonate, glabrous, moist, sooty brown, hygro-
phanous and passing through various shades of colour as it
dries, dingy tan when dry; gills adnexed and emarginate,
ventricose, crowded, w^hite ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-4 lines thick.
TRICHOLOMA. 219
almost glabrous, whitish, (striate with smoky fibrils, stuffed,
base thickened; spores elliptic-oblong, 10 x 4-5 fx.
Agaricus melaleiicus, Peisoon, Syn., p. 355; Cke., Ildbk.,
p. 42; Cke., Illustr., pi. 119.
On the ground in woods, &c.
Distiuiiuished by the sooty black pihus, thin flesh, and
white gills. The smaller forms resemble T. oreinum in
general appearance, the latter is however readily separated
by the whitish squamnles at tlie apex of the stem.
Stem stuffed, then hollow, rii:id and fr;igile, elastic when
young, 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick (sometimes more), base
somewhat incrassated ; naked (not pulverulent), but fibril-
losely striate, whitish, striae darker. I 'ileus fl»'shy, soft,
convex then expanded, obsoletely umbonate, 11—3 in. broad,
even, glabrous, usually sooty-blackish when moist, then
livid brown, becoming pale when dry ; gills emarginate,
adnexed, crowded, horizontal, straight (not arcuately falcate
as in A. arcuatus), broad, more or less ventricose, quite entire,
white. Flesh soft, wliit*.-, not hygroplia ous, not yellounsh
as in A. arcuatus. There are several remarkable varieties :
(1) adstringens, Pers., pileus rigid, gill> becoming tinged
flesh-colour; (2) polioleuca, stem short, firm, apex pruinose,
pileus livid grey, gills dingy white; (3) porpliyroleuca, firm,
pileus rufescent, stem solid, fibrillose. (Fries.)
Var. polioleucus, Fr. ; Cke. lUnstr., pi. 957.
About the size of the typical form ; pileus obtusely
umbonate, livid grey ; stem almost equal, apex pruinose
with white meal; gills whitish; spores elliptical, 10 x 5 /a.
Var. porphyroleucus, Fr., Cke., Illustr., pi. 119b.
Not half the size of the typical ftrm; firm; pileus
fleshy, umbo darker and evanescent, stem solid, fibrillose;
gills white.
Tricholoma grammopodium. Bull.
Pileus 3-6 in. across, disc thickish, margin thin, flesh-
coloured when moist, white when dry, soft, fragile ; cam-
panulate then convex, obtusely uml)onate, even, glabrous,
pellicle moist in rainy weather but not viscid, brownish or
livid when moist, whitish when dry ; sometimes entirely
white ; gills adnate with a sinus, or emarginate, narrowed
220 rUNGUS-FLOKA.
at both ends, closely crowded, quite entire, shorter inter-
mediate ones numerous, somewhat branched behind, white ;
stem 3-4 in. long, ^ in. and more thick, base thickened, re-
mainder equal, cylindrical, firm, glabrous, distinctly longi-
tudinally grooved, whitish, solid, elastic ; spores subglobose,
5—6 jx diameter.
Agariciis gi-ammopodius, Bull., Champ., Fr., t. 585 ; f . 1 ;
>€ke., Hdbk., p. 42 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 98.
In pastures, &c.
Distinguished by the grooved stem and crowded gills,
-which are adnate w^hen the pileus is expanded. Often
growing in rings.
Tricholoma brevipes. Bull.
Pileus 1^— 2|- in. across, flesh thick, brown when moist,
whitish when dry, rigid, then soft ; convex then flattened,
the umbo soon disappearing, blackish-umber or brown,
becoming paler, glabrous ; gills emarginate, 1-1|^ line broad,
•crowded, ventricose, at first with a brown tinge, tlien
whitish ; stem up to 1 in. long, firm, rigid, somewhat
thickened at the base, ^ in. thick above, brown both outside
and inside, solid ; spores elliptical, 7-4 /x.
Agaricus brevipes, Bull., Champ., t. 521, f. 2j Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 43 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 68.
On the ground.
Distinguished by the very short, more or less bulbous
stem, which is brown both inside and outside. In Cooke's
figures the pileus and stem are dingy lavender colour.
Stem solid, very rigid, at length fibrous, apex pruinose,
brown both outside and inside ; for the rest very variable,
-sometimes not more than 2-3 lines high and thick, attenuated
.Tbelow ; usually 1 in. long, sometimes bulbous, sometimes
equal, and slender. Pileus flesh}^, soft, convex then flattened,
glabrous, moist (opaque when dry), about 2 in. across, umber
becoming pale, often stained with soil. Flesh of pileus
•brownish when moist, becoming white when dry. Gills
emarginate and almost free, crowded, ventricose, disappearing
within the margin of the pileus, quite entire, whitish.
Jnodorous. (Fries.)
Tricholoma humile. Pers.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thin, soft, greyish when
TRICHOLOMA. 221
moist, wliitish when dry; convex at first, soon expanded,
wav}', sometimes umbonate, at others depressed, even,
glabrous, blackish, brown, livid or pallid, depending on the
amount of moisture and age, margin thin, extending beyond
the gills ; gills adnexed, rounded behind, and with a slight
decurrent tooth, or sonif^times arcuately decurrent, crowded,
2-3 lines broad, whitish ; stem 1-2 in. long, about ^ in„
thick, almost equal, greyish-white, entirely covered with a
very delicate down, stuffed, sometimes becoming hollow,
soft, fragile ; spores broadly elliptical, 7-8 X 5 /x.
Agaricus humilis, Pers., Myc. Eur., iii. p. 218 ; Cke., Hdbk.,,
p. 43 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 99 and 263a.
In gardens, among cinders, grass, &c.
Very variable in form, usually tufted. Allied to T. hrevipes\
but distinguished by being caespitose, stem softer and
thinner.
Allied to T. hrevipes^ but stem thinner, longer and softer,.
Pileus greyish brown then passing through paler tints and
becoming pale, often entirely pulverulent.
Var. blandus, Berk. ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 43 ; Cke., Illustr.,.
pi. 263b.
About the size of the typical form ; pileus thin, greyish-
lilac; gills broad, rounded behind and nearly free, pure
white ; stem slender, somewhat broken up into fibrils, rather
bulbous, the base brown.
Tricholoma exscissum. Fr.
Pileus 1-1:^^ in. across, flesh thin, white ; campanulate then
expanded, at length umbonate, even, greyish-brown, hoary
when dry ; gills emarginate, 1^-2 lines broad, crowded, clear
white; stem about 1 in. long, and 2 lines thick, almost
equal, whitish, polished and shining, stufi'ed then hollow ;.
spores elliptical, 6-7 X 4 /a.
Agaricus (^Tricholoma) exscissus, Fries, Syst., i. p. 114; Cke.,,
Illustr., p. 171 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 43.
In pastures.
A small but pretty species. Stem solid when young,,
hollow when adult, thin, even, glabrous, shining, 1-2 in.
long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, pure white. Pileus rather
fleshy, campanulate when young, soon expanded, umbo pro-
minent, at length often undulate, even, glabrous, mouse-
222 FUNGUS-FLORA.
colour or greyish-brown when young, at length hoary but
not becoming discoloured when dry, but shining. Flesh
thin, white. Gills emarginately adnexed, crowded, 1-2
lines broad, clear white. Sometimes the pileus is pul-
verulent but never silky. (Fries.)
Tricholoma subpulverulentum. Pers.
Pileus about 1 ^ in. across, flesh rather thick, hygrophanous ;
convex then plane and depressed at the disc, even, livid
but innately pruinose, becoming wdiitish and hoary, margin
slightly projecting beyond the gills, and this portion in-
curved; gills rounded behind, without a decurrent tooth,
crowded, 1 line broad, white ; stem 1-2 in. long, 2-3 lines
thick, often ascending, solid, equal, glabrous, slightly striate,
whitish ; spores 5 X 3 /x.
Agancus suhpiilverulenhis, Persoon, Myc. Eur., iii. p. 221 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 219; Cke., Hdbk., p. 43.
In pastures.
Pileus 2 in. across ; dirty white or greyish, with a white
lustre. (Cooke.)
**
Gills violet, grey, or smoJcy,
Tricholoma sordidum. Fr.
Pileus 1-3 in. across, rather fleshy ; campanulately convex
then plane or slightly depressed, more or less umbonate,
glabrous, undulating when old ; livid lilac, brownish or flesh-
coloured violet when young, becoming discoloured when old,
and the entire fungus squalid and brownish, becoming pale
when dry ; margin slightly striate when adult ; gills at
fl.rst rounded behind, then sinuate and slightly decurrent,
rather crowded, at length truly distant, violet then pallid or
smoky ; stem about 2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, base usually
thickened, slightly incurved, fibrillosely striate, coloured
]ike the pileus ; spores elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4 fx, minutely
rugulose.
Agaricus sordidus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 51 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 100 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 44 (small).
On the ground ; among manure, &c.
Allied to Tricholoma nudum, but much smaller and more
slender, very tough, hygrophanous. (Fries.)
TRICHOLOMA. 223
Tricholoma paedidum. Fr.
Pileus about 1^-in. across, flesh very thin, tough, becoming
whitish ; campauulate then convex, at length expanded,
umbonate, at length depressed round the conical, prominent
umbo, moist, virgate or streaked with innate fibrils radiating
from the centre, otherwise almost even, smoky -mouse-colour,
opaque, margin naked ; gills adnexed with a slight decurrent
tooth, slightly sinuate, crowded, narrow, white then grey;
8tem about 1 in. long and 2 lines thick, base slightly bulbous,
tough, slightly striate, naked, dingy grey ; spores elliptic-
fusiform, 10-11 X 5-t5 fjL.
Agaricus (Tricholoma) paedidus, Epicr., p. 53; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 44; Cke., Illustr., pi 120a.
In gardens, on dung-hills, &c.
Small, tough, colour dingy, without a trace of violet
tinge, distinguish this species from T. sordidum, to which it
is most allied. T. lixivium differs in the free, truncate gills.
Tricholoma lixivium. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, umbo-
nate, never depressed, even, glabrous, greyish-brown when
moist then umber, margin membranaceous, at length slightly
striate, sometimes wavy ; gills rounded behind and adnexed,
at first appearing as if free, distant, soft, 3 lines broad,
becoming narrower from the stem towards the margin,
sometimes crisped, grey; stem 2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick,
entirely fibrous, often flexuous, fragile, grey, at first covered
with white down, stuff'ed then hollow ; spores 7 X 4-5. /x.
Agaricus (Tricholoma) lixivius, Fries, Epicr., p. 54; Cke.,
Hdbk,, p. 44 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 120b.
In woods.
Eeadity distinguished by the umbonate pileus, and broad,
grey, nearly or quite free gills.
Tricholoma putidum. Fr.
Pileus about 1 in. across, rather fleshy, hemispherical,
umbonate, soft, even, margin straight, not striate, but here
and there with a white silkiness, somewhat olive-grey, hoary
when dry ; gills slightly adnexed but apjpearing as if free,
crowded, ventricose, 2-3 lines broad, distinct, grey; stem
about Ij in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, slightly com-
pressed, soft, rather fragile, slightly striate, grey, with a
22 i FUNGUS-FLOKA.
very delicate white bloom, hollow ; spores elliptical,
8-10 X 3-5 /x.
Agaricus {Tricholomd) putidus. Fries, Epicr., p. 54; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 44; Cke., Illustr., pi, 172.
Among pine leaves, &c.
Smell strong, rancid. Resembling Collyhia rancida in
habit and smell, but at once known by the soft stem being
entirely fibrous, and not at all cartilaginous, and not rooting.
ARMILLAPJA. Fries.
Pileus symmetrical, more or less fleshy ; gills adnate or
slightly decurrent, stem central, passing continuously into
the flesh of the pileus, furnished with a ring ; spores white,
elliptical, smooth.
Armillaria (as a subgen. of Agaricus), Fries, Syst. Myc, i»
p. 26; Cke., Hdbk., p. 21.
The principal points to be observed in the present genus
are, gills more or less attached to the stem, and the presence
of a ring. In a few species the ring disappears at an early
period, when the species somewhat resemble those of Tricho-
loma, but are distinguished by the gills not being sinuate ;
whereas the gills are generally sinuate, more or less, in those
species having a permanent ring. In fact but for the
presence of a ring, the sj)ecies of Armillaria would fall
naturally into three sections, belonging respectively to
Triclioloma, Clitocybe, and Collyhia.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.
* Gills sinuately adnexed ; stem fleshy, substance equal
throughout, furnished with a ring (resembling Tricholoraa
with a ring).
** Gills narrowed behind, more or less decurrent, not
sinuate ; stem solid, with a ring (resembling Clitocyhej but
with a ring).
*** Gills equal behind, adnate ; stem cartilaginous outside
(resembling Collyhia^ but with a ring).
*
ARMILLAEIA. 225
GUIs sinuate, adnexed.
Armillaria bulbigera. A. & S.
Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thick, soft ; convex then
expanded, obtuse, glabrous but fibrillosely squamnlose, espe-
cially near the mar^^in, from fragments of the veil, soft,
brownish, or yellowish brick-red. dry ; gills broadl}^ emar-
ginate, broad, at first rather crowded then distant, becoming
coloured; stem 2-3 in. long, about -} in. thick, cylindrical,
base with a distinctly marginate bulb, pale with blackish
fibrils, f-tuffed ; ring soon disappearing.
Agaricus (Armillaria) hulbiger, Alb. & Schw., Consp.,p. 150 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 21 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 20.
In pine woods, &c.
Keadily distinguished by the distinctly marginate bulb at
base of stem.
Armillaria focalis. Fr.
Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh soft, thick at the disc, thin
towards the margin, convex then ex23anded, obtuse, dry,
rather shining, smooth, silky-fibrillose, reddish-tawny ; gills
emarginate and almost free, crowded, narrow, white then
l)allid ; stem about 3 in. long, up to 1 in. thick, equal, not
at all bulbous, pale tawmy, more or less torn into fibrils,
sulid ; ring rather large, median on the stem, oblique.
Agaricus (^Armillaria) focalis. Fries, Epicr., p. 20 : Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 21 ; Cke., Illustr., pi, 245.
On the ground in pine woods, &c.
Pileus 4 in. across, pale fawn-coloured; darker above,
slightly virgate, extreme margin involute ; stem 5 in. high,
1^- in. thick at the base, variously lacerated ; mycelium
Avhite, fibril! ose, ring very broad (to which the specific name
itlludes), superior ; odour farinaceous ; substance tender.
Almost agreeing in dimension wdth the Var. Goliath.
(B. & Br.)
Var. goliath, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 5 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 21 ;
€ke., Illustr., pb 31.
Stem fibrous, solid, up to 8 in. long, 1 in. thick, usually
recumbent from the weight of the pileus, equal or attenii-
atcd into a rooting base, Avhite outside and inside, but tawny
roL. III. Q
226 rUNGUS-FLOEA.
or with tawny fibrils below. Eing median, fugacious, often
quite obliterated. Pileus flesby, but becoming very thin
towards tlie margin, convex then expanded, at length
gibbous, margin revolute, 5-8 in. across, moist, not viscid,
disc even, rufous-bay, towards the margin paler and fibril-
lose, cuticle torn, becoming whitish. Flesh spongy and
soft, elastic, white. Gills rounded and almost free, J in.
and more broad ; cuticle of pileus and stem torn into fibrils
and separable.
On the ground in woods.
Intermediate between A. focalls and A. rohusta.
Armillaria robusta. A. & S.
Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh up to 1 in. thick at the
centre, hard ; convex then expanded, obtuse, dry, glabrous
or becoming more or less broken up towards the margin,
rufous-bay ; gills broadly emarginate, almost free, up to 2 in.
wide, crowded, whitish ; stem 1-2 in. long, up to 1 in.
thick, base thinner, often ventricose, solid, firm, reddish-
white and persistently flocculoselyfibrillose below the ample,
distant ring, above which the stem is white and flocculose.
Agaricus (^Armillaria) robusta, A. & S., Consp., p. 147 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 22 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 33 (called Agaricus
(^Armillaria) aurantius, Schaeff".).
In woods.
Distinguished from A. aurantia by the deeply emarginate,
very broad, whitish gills, and absence of orange-tawny,
more or less concentrically arranged wart-like squamules on
the stem up to the imperfect ring ; and stem attenuated at
Ihe base.
Yar. minor. Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 41 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 22 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 80.
Smaller than the typical form, ring and gills very narrow,
pileus smooth.
On the ground.
O'
Armillaria aurantia. Schaeff.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, becoming
very thin towards the margin, convex then almost plane,
obtuse, obsoletely innately squamulose, deep orange, disc
often darker ; gills emarginate, adnexed, about 2 lines broad.
ARMILLARIA. 227
white then tinged with rufous ; stem about 3 in. long, |-1 in.
thick, equal or slightly attenuated upwards, with tawny-
orange, concentrically arranged squamules up to the obso-
lete ring, shining white and exuding drops of water in
damp weather above the ring.
Agaricus {Arm'dlarid) aurantius. Fries, Hjnn. Eur., r),"41 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 22.
Agaricus aurantius^ SchaefTer, Ic, t. 27.
In pine woods.
Varying a good deal in the nature and frequency of the
scales.
This is doubtful as a British species. We have only
heard of the Scotch specimens (Illustr., t. 33), which belong
to Ag. rohustus. (Cke.)
Armillaria ramentacea. Bull.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy ; convex then expanded,
becoming almost plane, obtuse or gibbous, at length de-
pressed and revolute, dry, whitish, or yellowish, cuticle
broken up into darker, fioccose, adpressed scales; gills
emarginate, adnexed, seceding and becoming free, 3-4 lines
broad, thin, crowded at first then rather distant, white then
yellowish ; stem 1-2 in. long, about J in. thick, base often
thickened, white, pruinose; below the oblique, narrow,
fugitive ring, variegated with brown, depressed squamules,
solid.
Agaricus ramentaceus, Bulliard, Champ. France, t. 595, f. 3 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 22 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 71.
On the ground, under pines, &c.
Colour of pileus variable, pallid, whitish, or with a
yellowish or rufescent tinge, squamules and the punctate
disc darker. Smell unpleasant. (Fries.)
Armillaria haematites. B. & Br.
Pileus about 1 in. across, fleshy ; hemispherical then more
or less expanded, liver-coloured, rather hispid when dry ;
gills adnato-decurrent, narrow, whitish with a red tinge;
stem 1-2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, thickened at the base,
solid, coloured like the pileus, whitish above the superior,
spongy ring.
Agaricus (^ArmiUaria') Jiaematltes, B. & Br., Ann. Kat. Hist.,
n. 1635; Cke., Hdbk., p. 22; Cke., Illustr., pi. 45.
Q 2
228 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Among fir leaves.
Distinguished by its peculiar colour. Stem sometimes
\ in. thick at the base, scaly below the ring. Flesh of
pileus and stem reddish.
Armillaria constrict a. Fr.
Entirely white ; pileus up to 2 in. across, flesh not thick,
but compact, convex then plane, obtuse, dry, glabrous, but
covered with a delicate silkiness from the veil when young,
never broken up into sqnamules ; gills emarginate or
rounded, sometimes adnexed or altogether free, very much
crowded and narrow, unequal ; stem 10-2 in. long, up to
■^ in. thick, equal or thickened at the base, solid, fibrous,
squamulose or fibrillose, ring narrow, near the apex.
Agaricus (^Armillaria) constrictus, Epicr., p. 22 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 46; Cke., Hdbk., p. 23.
Among grass in sunny places : especially where the grays
has been scorched by urine.
Margin of pileus incurved and downy when young,
every part becoming pallid Avhen old ; firm ; smell re-
sembling new meal. (Fries.)
A much stouter fungus than Armillaria suhcava.
'O'
** Gills more or less decurrent.
Armillaria mellea. Yahl.
Pileus 2-5 in. across, disc fleshy, remainder th:n, convex
then expanded, often becoming more or less depressed at the
centre, often sooty or covered with olive down when young,
soon becoming paler, usually ochraceous with a tinge of
hcney-colour, sprinkled all over with small, spreading,
blackish-brown scales, margin striate ; gills adnate then
becoming more or less decuirent, rather distant, white with
a flesh tinge, then brownish and powdered with the white
spores; stem 3-5 in. long, 3-6 lines thick, rigid, more or
less grooved, dingy ochraceous, floccose or almost naked
below the ring, base often covered with yellowish down,
btuffed then hollow, elastic; spores elliptical, 9 x o-G /x.
Agaricus (Armillaria) mellea, Cke., HdLk., p. 23; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 32.
At the base of trunks or on the ground.
AKMILLAEIA. 229
Exceedingly variable; usually densely caespitose when
growing at the base of trunks; larger when solitary or
almost so, among leaves on the ground. Sometimes the
stem and pileus are suffused with a yellow or orange tint,
which at other times is entirely absent, leaving the pileus
dingy ochraceous ; stem and pileus sometimes almost or
quite glabrous, especially when old.
Tufted. Pileus 1-5 in. in breadth, hemispherical in its
young state, at length nearly plane, except in the centre,
where it is usually, but not invariably, more or less unibo-
nate, slightly striated, and often somewhat uneven at the
margin; surface unequally covered with dark or black-
pointed scales composed of bristly hairs, most numerous in
the centre; the colour of the pileus is otherwise variable, —
dull yellow, brownish-yellow, or reddish. Lamellae narrow,
whitish, at length partly reddish, rather distant, eight
in a series, adnate or even slightly decurrent. Stipes
2 to 8 in. high, robust, firm, somewhat fibrillose, generally
incrassated at the base, some shade of yellow, changing in
age to a reddish or olivaceous colour, solid, white and
spongy within. Annulus always present, spreading, large
and tumid. SjDores white, copious, and when shed from
the uppermost pilei upon those below them giving them the
appearance of having been sprinkled with white powder.
There is scarcely a plant more apt to assume different
aspects under different conditions than the present one,
and yet, to an experienced eye, there is always a peculiarity
about it nut easily expressed in words, which is sufficient to
distinguish it. (Grev.)
Armillaria subcava. Schum.
Pileus l-li- io- across, rather fleshy at the disc, thin else-
where, convex then expanded, striate to the middle, viscid,
umbonate, white except the umbo, which is brownish ; gills
decurrent, rather close; plane below, white; stem about 2 in.
long, 2 lines thick, equal, punctulate, smooth above the
distant, torn ring, hollow towards the apex, white.
Agarlcus (^Armillarici) suhcavus, Schum., in Flora Danica,
t. 1843; Cke., lldbk., p. 23 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 46.
On the ground in pine woods, &c.
Wholly white except the brownish umbo. Distinguished
230 FUXGUS-FLOEA.
from A. constrictus by tlie longer, thinner stem, and tlie
striate pileus.
Armillaria mucida. ScHrad.
Pileus 11-3 in. across, flesh thin and almost diaphanous,
hemispherical then expanded, obtuse, often rugulose, glu-
tinous, whitish or tinged with grey ; gills rounded behind
and broadly adnexed with a line-like decurient tooth,
distant, broad, white ; stem 1^-4 in. long, 3-5 lines thick,
base thickest, ascending, glabrous, wdiite but base often
wdth sooty squamules, rigid, stuffed; ring near apex of stem,
white, tumid ; spores elliptical, 1-3-16 X 8-9 /x,
Agaricus (^Armillaria) mucida, Schrsidei', Spic, p. 116; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 23; Cke., Illustr., pi. 16.
Very variable in size. Eeadily known by the very shiny
pileus, w^hich is usually wdiitish, but sometimes sooty or
olive-brown. Solitary or caespitose.
Armillaria denigrata. Yr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, sometimes even more ; flesh not thick
but firm, not flaccid, convex then plane, obtuse, slightly
viscid when moist, not fibrillose but looking as if covered
with miiiute drops of water due to the presence of elevated
warts, dark fuscous-brown; margin always even; gills de-
current, rather distant, 1-1^ line broad, at first pale brown,
then darker, scarcely powdered with the spores ; stem solid,
firm, up to 2 in. long, sometimes equal, ^ in. thick, sometimes
rather ventricose near the base and attenuated below the
swelling, fibrously striate, pallid fuscous ; dingy within and
fuscous towards the base; ring attached near the apex,
narrow, entire, readily falling away, paler.
Agaricus (Armillaria) denigratus, Fries, Yet. Ac. Forh.,
1861 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 24.
On the ground in damp, shady places.
Gregarious or solitary. The species is considered by
Berkeley to be identical with Ag. (Fholiota) erehius.
*** Gills adnate, not sinuate.
Armillaria citri. Inzenga.
Pileus about 1 in. acro.^s, flesh thin, convex then plane,
rather umbonate, smooth, even, sulphur-yellow, margin
HIATULA. 231
crenulate, becoming wliite; gills adnate, narrow, crowded,
white ; stem 2-3 in. long, about 1 line thick, whitish, pallid,
rufescent at the base, ring superior, rather large, spreading;
spores subglobose, 5x4.
Agaricus {ArmUlaria) citri, Inzenga, Sic, t. 3, f . 1 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p, 381 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1181.
On stumps.
Smell resembling fresh meal. Caespitose. The general
habit is that of a cluster of small-sized specimens of Hi/])ho~
toma fasciculaia.
Armillaria Jasonis. Cke. & Mass.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, especially at the disc,
campanulate then expanded, with a distinct rounded umbo,
granularly papillate, granules innate, golden yellow, tinged
with tawn}'- at the disc ; margin appendiculate with the
fibrous veil ; gills adnate, scarcely crowded, thin, white, then
pallid ; stem 2-3 in. long, ^—\- in. thick, equal or a little
thickened below, coloured like the pileus, squamuloso
below the distant, torn, squarrose ring; spores elliptical,
8 X 5 ft.
Agaricus (^Armillaria) Jasonis, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi.
p. 77 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 363; Cke., Illustr., pL 955.
On stumps.
Resembling in habit and appearance, several species ot
PJwUota, but with white gills and spores.
HIATULA. Fries.
Pileus symmetrical, very thin, without a distinct pellicle,
formed by the union of the backs of the gills, splitting when
expanded ; gills almost or quite free, white ; stem central ;
spores white.
Fries, Nov. Symb., p. 11; Cke., Hdbk., p. 224.
Allied to Lejpiota in the thin pileus and free gills, but
differing in the entire absence of a ring. Not at all deli-
quescent as in the genus Coprinus, near to which it was at
one time placed by Fries.
Hiatula Wynniae. B. & Br.
Pileus |— 1^ in. across, exceedingly thin, campanulate then
232 FUj^GUS-FLOliA.
plane, witli a trace of an umbo, striate, pulverulent, wliitisb,
disc more or less tinged with brown; gills free or very
slightly adnexed at first, rather distant, about 1 line broarl,
white; stem about 1| in. long, 1 line thick, slightly striate,
hollow ; spores white, smooth, 5x4^.
Hiatida Wynniae, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1772;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 224; Cke., Illustr., pi. 688.
In a stove at Kew.
"Undoubtedly an introduced species, and in all probability
an Australian species, as I have seen specimens from Queens-
land that agree exactly with Berkeley's type. In Queensland
it in said to be luminous, emitting a greenish light.
LEPIOTA. Fries, (figs. 6, 7, p. 3.)
Pileus regular, usually scaly, due to the presence of the
concrete universal veil and the breaking up of the cuticle ;
gills free, often very remote from the stem and attached to
a cartilaginous collar, stem central, its substance distinct
from the flesh of the pileus; ring atfiist continuous with
ihe cuticle of the pileus, often movable, sometimes soon
disappearing; vol va absent.
Lepiota, Fries, Syst. M^^c, i. p. 19; Cke., Hdbk., p. 11 (as-
a subgenus of Agaricus).
The present genus differs from Amanita and Amanitopsis in
the absence of a volva, and from every other genus in the
Leucosporeae in the free gills.
In many species — but not in all — the flesh of the stem
is of a different texture to that of the pileus, and its apex
terminates in a socket-like depre>sion of the flesh of the
pileus, a peculiarity clearly evident: in a vertical section
through pileus and stem. The remains of the universal
veil is thoroughly connyte with the cuticle or the pileus, and
not in the form of removable warts or flakes as in Amanita.
and Amanitopsis.
The species grow on the ground ; several are met with
in hothouses, melon beds, &c., and are in all probability
introduced species.
LEnOTA. 23^
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.
A. Cuticle dry.
I. Proceri.
Ring movable, distinct from tlie volva.
When young the fungus is entirel}^ enclosed in the-
universal veil, which splits in a circumscissile manner, the
basal portion not distinct from the bulb, the upper portion
being concrete with the cuticle of the pileus, which is usually
scaly. ISteiu not peronate or sheathed with stocking-liko
continuation of the volva, as in the following section ; apex
of stem with a cartilaginous ring, to which the free, remote-
gills are attached.
11. Clypeolarii.
Eing fixed, homogeneous with tlie universal veil that
sheaths the stem.
Stem floccose or squamulose with the universal veil up to
the ring; cartilaginous collar at the apex close to the stem,,
hence the gills are usually not so remote. Flesh soft, smell
and taste unpleasant, somewhat resembling radishes.
III. Annulosi.
Ring superior, fixed, somewhat persistent; universal veil
adnate with the pileus.
Collar at apex of stem absent, or similar in texture to th&
flesh of the stem.
IV. Granulosi.
Universal veil at first contiguous with pileus and stem,,
and when ruptured forms the inferior ring.
Pileus granular or warted. The stem is not so distinctly
differentiated from the pileus as in the other sections.
V. Mesomorphi.
Small, slender, stem fistulose ; pileus dry, cuticle entire^
Not granular nor torn, as in the section Clypeolarii.
B. Cuticle of pileus viscid ; not at all broken up.
-234 FUXGUS-FLOEA.
A. Epidermis dry.
I. PEOCEEI.
Lepiota procera. Scop.
Pileus 4-9 in. across, flesh rather thick, very soft and
cottony, tongh, permanently white; cylindrical ovate at
first then campanulate, finally expanded ; umbo prominent,
broad, and obtuse; cuticle brown, becoming broken up into
broad, flat, thick scales, interstices whitish ; gills terminating
behind in a broad, piano-depressed, cartilaginous collar that
carries them away from the stem, crowded, ventricose,
broadest in front, soft, whitish, edge sometimes brownish;
stem o-S in. long, i- in. thick, base swollen, the remainder
cylindrical, firm, somewhat cartilaginous, variegated with
adpressed brown scales, apex inserted into a deep socket
in the flesh of the pileus; internal cavity distinct, at first
stuffed with delicate fibrils ; ring ample, persistent, becoming
free and slipping down to the base of the stem ; spores
elliptical, 12-15 x 8-9 /x.
Agaricus p'ocerus. Scop., Carn., p. 418; Cke., Hdbk., p. 11 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 21.
Pileus 3—7 in. broad, at first obtusely conic, at length
campanulate, strongly umbonate, flesh}^ epidermis velvety,
red-brown, broken into subreflexed scales, the whole re-
sembling brown shaggy leather; margin white or pinkish,
silky ; flesh soft cottony except in the centre when young.
Gills perfectly free, separated by a considerable space from
the point of insertion of the stipes, ventricose, margin ser-
rated, pale pinkish yellow or white. Spores white elliptic.
Stem 8-12 in. high, h in. thick, attenuated upwards, sunk
deep into the flesh of the pileus as into a socket, very bulbous,
scaly, hollow but stuffed with a cottony web. Ping coriaceous,
thick and spongy, convex below, movable. Taste and smell
pleasant. (Berk.)
Var, rachodes ; Agaricus racJiodes, A-'ittadinsi, Fung.
Mang., p. 158, t. 20; Cke., Hdbk., p. 11; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 22.
Habit, and about same size as the typical form ; differing
more especially in the stem being quite even and not at all
LEPIOTA. 235
squamulose ; flesTi of pileus thicker, white, but becoming
more or less evidently tinged with red when broken.
Among grass.
Var. puellaris, Agaricus racliodes, var. puellaris. Fries,
Monogr., ii. p. 285; Cke., Hdbk., p. 11.
Smaller than the typical form, white, pileus iloccosely
squamulose.
Lepiota excoriata. Schaeflf.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick, white, soft, un-
changeable; globose then expanded, at length flattened, more
gibbous than umbonate, sometimes altogether whitish, disc
sometimes brownish, cuticle very thin, sometimes even and
persistently silky, [sometimes broken up into scales, more
or less peeling ofi" towards the margin ; gills free but not
distant from the stem, soft, white ; stem about 3 in. long,
4-5 lines thick, quite equal or very slightly bulbous, hollow,
even, almost glabrous, not spotted, very distinct from flesh
of pileus, white; spores 14-15 X 8-9 /x.
Agaricus excoriatus, Schaeffer, t. 18, 19; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 12 ; Cke., IJlustr., pL 23.
In pastures.
Pileus 2h in. across, expanded, often a little irregular,
carnose, umbonate, flesh spongy; epidermis cracked into
small areolae, silky between thera, especially on the margin,
pale fawn, the umbo dark. Gills ventricose, free, so as to
leave a broad space round the top of the stem, which is
sunk into the substance of the pileus, dull white, slightl}^
wateiy, imbricate when old ; sometimes much broader on
one side than on the opposite side of the pileus and some-
times stained with claret-coloured blotches. Spores white,
elliptic, with an evident transparent border. Stem li-2 in.
high, l-l in. thick, attenuated regularl}^ upwards without a
decided bulb, minutely fibrillose, hollow but stuffed with a
beautiful cottony web, ring deflexed, movable, but not so
free as that of A. procerus. (Berk.)
Lepiota gracilenta. Kromb.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc; cam-
panulate then expanded, obtusely umbonate, brownish when
236 FUNGUS-FLORA.
quite younf^, wliitisli wlien expanded and spotted with the
adpressed, broken np patches of the brown cuticle ; gills
free, remote from the stem, very broad, pallid ; stem 5-6 in.
long, 3-5 lines thick, more or less bulbous at the base,
Tvhitish, hollow ; ring thin, floccose, disappearing.
Agaricus gracilentiis, Krombholz, t. 24, figs. 13, 14; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 12; Cke., Illustr., pi. 28.
In pastures, also in woods.
Resembling L. pt-ocera, but more delicate. Stem 5-6 in.
long, 4—5 lines thick, obsoletely scaly. Pileus at first ovate,
then campanulate, and at length flattened, spotted with
brownish scales. (W. G. Smith.)
Lepiota mastoidea. Fr.
Everywhere whitish. Pileus l-l^^ in. across, flesh thin,
soft; ovate or campanulate then expanded, acutely um-
bonate, the cuticle breaking up into warts which eventually
disappear ; gills free, very distant from the stem, Ih line
broad, pallid; stem 2-3 in. high, 1^-2 lines thick, equally
narrowing upwards from the bulbous base, glabrous, hollow ;
ling entire, movable.
Agaricus (Lepiota) mastoideus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 20;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 12; Cke., Illustr., pi. 24?
In woods, &c.
The most slender of the present section ; entirely whitish.
(Fries.)
Distinguished from species in other sections which it
somewhat resembles, in the gills being very distant from
the stem, movable ring, and glabrous stem. Cooke's figures
quoted above, if the right species, difler in having the pro-
minent umbo dark brown, and the remainder of the pallid
pileus ornamented with small brown patches more or less
concentrically arranged.
II. CLYPEOLARII.
Lepiota acutesquamosa. Weinm.
Pileus 4-5 in. across, flesh thick, firm, pure white;
hemispherical wtien young, then exjDanded and convex, very
obUise, pale ferruginous, adpressedly downy, and rough
LEPIOTA. 237
with, minute, pointed brown warts that fall away, leaving
areolate marks on the pileus, margin rather fringed when
young and sometimes furnished witli fragments of the veil ;
gills free and attached to a collar, but very close to the
stem, lanceolate, 3-4 lines broad, much crowded, white;
stem up to 4 in. long and nearly 1 in. thick, elastic, base
rather swollen, attenuated upwards, w^hite and silky-
fibrillose above, but with rusty fibrils below, and also with
spirally arranged scales, ring large, persistent, thin ; spores
elliptical, 7-8 X 4 /x.
Agaricus (Lepiota) aadesquamosus, Weinm., Syll., i. p. 70 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 12; Cke., lllustr., jdI. 14.
On the ground.
Universal veil floccose, pale ferruginous, forming pointed
v/arts on the pileus which fall away readily, leaving areolate
scars on the fundamental floccose surface, as in Lycoperdon
gemmatiim. (Fries.)
Distinguished from L. Friesii by the rigid, deciduous
warts of the pileus, and in the broad gills being very close
to the stem.
Lepiota Friesii. Lasch.
Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh thick, white, not changing
colour to any appreciable extent ; convex then expanded,
sometimes slightly umbonate, soft, yellowish-brown, becoming
torn into adpressed, tomentose scales ; gills free, rather
distant from the stem, closely crowded, narrow, branched,
whitish ; stem 4-5 in. long, 4-6 lines thick at the apex, base
somewhat bulbous, coloured like the pileus, scaly, hollow,
with a web-like pith ; ring superior, fixed, pendulous ; spores
elliptical or pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5 /x.
Agaricus Friesii, Lasch, Linnea, vol. iii. no. 9 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 361 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 941.
In gardens, &c.
Odour strong. Differs from L. jwocera in the fixed ring,
and from L. acutesquamosa, to which it is most nearly allied,
in the branched gills and adpressed scales of the pileus.
Lepiota Badhami. Berk.
Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thick, and like that of the
stem becoming saffron-red when cut ; campanulate then ex-
panded, obtuse, or dejoressed and more or less umbonate,
238 FUXGUS-FLOEA.
sooty brown, velvety or broken up into scales; gills free,
distant, ventricose, 2-3 lines broad, white at first; stem
2-4 in. long, \-h in. thick, base bulbous, slightly attenuated
upwards, whitish, silky or floccose, stuffed then hollow ;
ling firm, slightly loose ; spores elliptical, 5 x 3 /x.
Aqaricus (Lejnota) Badhami, Berk., Outl., p. 93; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 13; Cke., Illustr., ph 25.
Under yew trees, &c.
L. emj^lastrum agrees with the present in becoming red
when wounded, but differs in the thick, smooth cuticle
becoming bi'oken into large patches as the pileus expands.
Pileus 2-4 in. across, at first campanulate obtu.'^e, at length
expanded, often depressed and umbonate, hispid, with minute,
velvety, fuliginous scales, but sometimes entirely fuliginous
without any distinct scales. Stem 2-3 in. high, ^—h in. or
more thick, attenuated above, bulbous below, white, silky or
floccoso-squamose, stuffed with cottony threads ; ring firm,
erect and deflexecl, more or less movable beneath, frequently
clothed with dingy granules ; gills truly remote, ventricose,
rather broad; spores elliptic, -0003 in. long, flesh tolerably
compact. The whole plant when wounded assumes a rich
red tint. A splendid Agaric, resembling some forms of
A. dii]jeolarius, but more robust. In some specimens the
surface is decidedly scaly, in others simply velvety. The
margin often projects beyond the gills and is delicately
silky and fimbriated. The stem, though bulbous, is by no
means marginate. Smell rather disagreeable. (B. & Br.)
Lepicta emplastra. Cke. & Mass.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thick, firm, white, but like that
of the stem becoming pink or reddish when cut; convex^
then expanded, when young covered with a thin, smooth,
dark brown cuticle that becomes broken up into large,
, rregular, persistent patches as the j)ileus expands, and is
then entirely absent from the even margin, pallid and silky
below the cuticle ; gills free, remote from the stem, crowded,
11-2 lines broad, narrowed behind, whitish ; stem about 3 in.
long, h in. thick slightly thickened at the base, otherwise
equal, more or less striate, pallid, hollow ; ring rather distant,
erect, externally brown at the margin ; spores elliptical or
pip-shaped, obliquely apiculate, 18-20 x 10-12 /x.
LEPIOTA. 239
Afjarkus (Lcjnota) emplasirum, Cke. & Mass., Grevillea,
vol. xviii. p. 51 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 36 1 ; Cke., Ilhistr., pi. 1164.
Amono; o-rass under trees.
Allied to Lepiota Badhami, but distiiignislied by tlie
glabrous cuticle of the pileus and the much larger spores.
Lepiota meleagris. Sow.
Pileus %-!}> in. across, flesh thin, becoming red; convex
then expanded and almost or quite plane, cuticle broken up
into minute black scales on a pale ground, disc darker;
gills nearly or quite free, lh-2 lines broad, whitish ; stem
lJ-3 in. long, swollen at the base or higher up, blackish
below, pale with black squamules upwards, stuffed; ring
obsolete ; spores elliptical, 6-7 X 4 /x.
Agariciis meleagris, Sowerby, Fung., t. 171; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 13; Cke., Illustr., pi. 26.
In hot-beds, greenhouses, &c.
It has a solid stem, and a curious, somewhat reticulated
root, in drying it becomes of a blush-red all over, except the
lower part, which retains the darker hue. (Sowerby.)
This species came up abundantly in a hot-house at Coed
Coch, Denbighshire, amongst spent Ian, and is certainly a
Lepiota closely allied to Lejy. chjpeolarius. Two forms occur
which run into each other, the less typical of which has a
campanulate, obtuse pileus, and is of a darker tint whea diy.
Pileus at first ovate or hemispherical, very obtuse, fawn-
coloured, minutely tomentose and warty, then expanded,
subcampanulate, about 2 in. across, dotted with minute
brown scales; stem at first fusiform, then nearly equal, of
the same colour, here and there tinged with yellow, most
minutely squamulose, stuffed with cottony threads; ring
soon ruptured, ver}^ fugacious ; gills remote, distant rounded
behind, sometimes connected, white. The whole plant
changes in drying, or when cut, to a beautiful red. In the
variety the gills are sometimes lemon-coloured. (B. & Br.)
Lepiota biornata. B. and Br.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, very thin
elsewhere, with a faint yellow tinge ; convex or broadly
campanulate, silky, white, sprinkled with minute dark red
scales that are most numorous at the disc ; gills free, ventri-
cose, 2 lines broad, rather crowded, white then with a pale
240 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
yellow tinge; stem 3-4 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, slightly
ventricose near the base, then attenuated and rooting,
whitish and spotted with red, reddish within, stuffed then
tollow ; ring rather distant ; sjoores elliptical, 8-9 X 6 /x.
Agaricns (Le^nota) hiornatus, B. & Br., Journ. Linn. Soc,
vol. xi. p. 502 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 13 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 37.
In melon and cucinnber frames, etc.
The present distinct species was first described from
'Ceylon specimens, and is probably an introduced species in
this country.
Lepiota hispida. Lasch.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, fiesli thin, white, unchangeable;
hemispherical then expanded, umbonate, tomentose or downy
•at first from the remains of the universal veil, during ex-
pansion the down becomes broken up into small spreading
scaly points which eventually disappear, umber brown,
sometimes with a tawny tinge ; gills free but near to the
stem, the collar of the pileus prominent, and sheathing the
stem, crowded, ventricose, simple, white ; stem about 3 in. long,
^-5 lines thick, attenuated upwards, densely squamosel}^-
woolly up to the superior, membranaceous, reflexed ring,
fuscous, stem tubular but fibrillosely stuffed ; spores
•^-7 X 4 /x.
Agaricns liisjndus, Lasch, n. 407; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1180;
€ke., Hdbk., p. 13.
In shady woods; among pine leaves, &c.
Intermediate between L. chjioeolaria and L. aciitesquamosa ,
agreeing in size with the former, and with the latter in the
-epinulose pileus. Smell somewhat like radishes.
Lepiota clypeolaria. Bull.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thickish, soft, white; at first
-obtusely cylindrical, even, apex tawny, surface silky and
soft but not at all broken up, then campanulately expanded,
•umbo tawny, the remainder entirely broken up into very
.-soft, yellowish tan-coloured squamules ; gills free but close
to the stem, up to 3 lines broad, soft, crowded, white or
yellowish ; stem about 3 in. high, 2-3 lines thick, soft, fragile,
equal or slightly thickened at the base, at first squarrosely
fecaly from the breaking up of the yellowish veil, becoming
LEriOTA 241
almost naked and pallid, fibrillose ; striate above the ring,
stuffed then hollow; spores elliptical, 6 x 4 /x.
Agaricus chjpeolarius, Bull., Champ. Fr., t. 405, f. 2 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 14; Cke., lUustr., pi. 38.
In woods, hothouses, &c.
Distinguished from L. cristata by the squamulose stem,
and more especially by the o-iUs being very close to the
stem behind. Smell weak or absent.
Fries mentions the following forms : — {B). In shady pine
woods; stem covered with a white, floccose woolliness; disc
of pileus not broken up, remainder woolly, yellowish red or
becoming pale. (C). In densely shaded beech woods on
damp, rotten leaves, a slender form with a floccosely
squamulose stem ; pileus white, ornamented with con-
centric brown scales. (D). In swampy places ; pileus rosy,
squamulose.
Stem 2-3J in. high, 2 lines thick, hollow but stuffed with
cottony fibres, whitish, pale brownish or rufescent, the
whole clothed with fibrillose scales. Eing sometimes re-
maining on the stem, but more generally attached to the
margin of the pileus or evanescent. Inodorous and insipid.
Bearing some resemblance to A. procerus, but smaller and
more delicate. (Berk.)
Variable in colour, white, yellow, pink, rufous, brown, &c.
Pileus Ih in. broad, whitish, with reddish scales; stem
2-3i^ in. high, 2 lines thick. Inodorous and insipid
(Cooke.)
It is very desirable that the spores of this species and
allied forms should be caiePullv observed, as thev seem to
be the surest distinction between this species and Lep.
cristata. (B. & Br.)
Lepiota felina. Pers.
Pileus 1-1 J in. across, flesh thin ; ovate-campanulate then
expanded, more or less umbonate, black when quite young,
after expansion there is a black patch at the disc, the rest
white, scaly, each minute scale tipped with black, scales
arranged more or less concentrically, as indicated by the
delicate, black, broken rings; gills free, rather distant, 1^
line broad margin serrulate ; stem 2 in. long, 1 line thick at
the apex, becoming thickened downwards, white, sometimes
VOL. III. R
242 rUNGUS-FLOEA.
with black specks below, bollov/ ; ring superior, large, soon
disappearing ; spores elliptical, 10x5//,.
Agaricus felinus, Pers., Syn., p. 201; Cke., Hdbk., p. 362;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 943a.
Among moss in fir woods, &c.
Eeadily known by the white pllens having a black disc,
and delicate concentric ring of black on the remaining por-
tion. Sometimes smaller than the measurements given above.
Lepiota metulaespora. B. & Br.
Pileus |— 1 in. across, flesh thin ; campannlate then ex-
panded and having the margin sometimes turned up, margin
coarsely and distantly striate ; whitish, with small pallid
scales ; gills almost free, ventricose, li— 2 lines broad, white ;
stem 2— 2J in. high, IJ line thick, nearly equal or slightly
clavate, smooth, pale lemon-yellow, fistulose ; ring superior,
spreading, whitish ; spores fusiform or obliquely clavate,
15-16 X 6 />i.
Agaricus (Lepiota) metidaesporus, Berk. & Broome, Ceylon
Fungi, n. 67; Cke., Hdbk., p. 14; Cke., Illustr., pi. 39.
On the ground in shady places.
This species, in external characters, approaches Lep.
clypeolaria, but is at once distinguished by the length of its
spores, which is -0006 in. (= 15-16 /x). (B. & Br.)
Lepiota cristata. A. & S. (figs. 6, 7, p. 3.)
Smell and taste strong. Pileus |-lHn. across, flesh thin ;
campanulate then plane or with the margin slightly upturned,
obtuse, or slightly gibbous, cuticle at first continuous, then
broken up into reddish-brown, glabrous, somewhat granulose
scales that are generally more or less concentrically arranged,
ground colour whitish, minutely silky ; gills free, at length
remote from the stem, Ij line broad, pallid ; stem about 2 in.
long, Ih line thick, eqnal or slightly thickened at the base,
silky-fibrillose, whitish or tinged brown, fistulose ; ring
distant, entire, soon falling away; spores elliptical.
Agaricus cristatus, Alb. (^ Schw., j^. 145 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 14 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 29.
In fields, &c.
Plant scattered, having a taste and smell strong and
unpleasant. Pileus obtusely conical when young, gradually
expanding, and at length becoming quite plane or even
LEPIOTA. 2 r>
somewhat turned upwards at the margin, the centre re-
maining nmbonate. The epidermis cracks into a great
number of minute reddish scales, which vanish towards the
edge, leaving that part nearly quite white, while towards
the centre the scales being smaller and more contiguous, it
is of a deeper hue. Flesh very thin, Avhite. At its full
growth, the pileus is from | in. to 2 in. in breadth.
Lamellae moderately numerous, white, 2-4 in a set, rather
narrow, their edge uneven, often splitting, free, and leaving
a channel between them and the stipes. Stipes 1 to near 2
in. in height, about 2 lines in diameter, often less, whitish
or i^inkish, fistulose, smooth. Veil separating early from
the pileus, and forming a more or less imperfect ring, which
is subfugacious. Eoot amass of ^Yhite, branching fibres, and
of considerable tenacity, and generally retaining a quantity
of soil. From Arjaricus clijpcolarius (= Lepiota clijpeolaria)^
it is chiefly distinguished by its peculiar taste and smell,
and smooth stipes. (Grev.)
Lepiota erminea. Fr.
White. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, soft, white, tasle
resembling radishes ; campanulate, soon expanded ; disc even,
prominent or slightly gibbous, sometimes tinged with colour,
dr}^ glabrous and even, the cuticle broken up into fibrils
near the margin ; gills free but very close to the stem, very
obtuse at both ends, rather crowded, 3 lines broad, clear
white ; stem 3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, very fragile,
dry, rather fibrillose ; ring membranaceous, soon torn and
disappearing; spores elliptical, 11-12 X 4-5 /x.
Agaricus {Lepiotci) ermineus, Fr., Syst. M^'C, i. p. 22 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 14; Cke., Illustr., pi. 40.
Among grass, &c.
Somewhat gregarious, very fragile, white ; smell none,
taste that of radishes. (Fries.)
Lepiota micropholis. B. & Br.
Pileus about h in. across, flesii very thin ; conical then
plane, white, clad with minute, radiating, dark grey or
blackish squamules, margin slightly striate ; gills free, ^
line broad, crowded, ventricose, white, stem up to 1 in. long,
^ line thick, slightly thicker below, curved, white, hollow;
ring spreading ; spores elliptical, 5 x 3 /x.
K 2
244 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Agaricus {Lepiota) micropliolis, Berk, and Broome, Jouni.
Liim. tSoc, vol. xi. p. 505; Cke., Hdbk., p. 362; Cke.,
Illiistr., pi. 943b.
On cocoa-nut fibre in a stove.
First described from Ceylon specimens, and probably in-
troduced into this country.
Lepiota citrophylla. B. & Br.
Pileus up to I in. across, flesh tliin ; convex then expanded,,
obtuse or broadl}'' umbonate, at length depressed, lemon-
yellow, clad with rufous scales; gills free or slightly
adnexed, rounded behind or attenuated, lemon-yellow ; steui
1-1^ in. long, 1-1^ line thick, equal, squamulose, lemon-
yellow, stufled then hollow; ring almost obsolete; spores-
elliptical, 7-8 X 4: IX.
Agaricus (^Lepiota) ciirojyhjUus, Berk. & Broome, Linn^
Journ., vol. xi. p. 509 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 362 ; Cke., lUustr.^
pi. 639.
On the ground.
Somewhat resembling L. amiantlnna, but distinguished by
the free or only very slight) 3' adnexed gills and the white,
flesh.
III. ANXULOSI.
Lepiota Vittadinii. Fr.
Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh 4-6 lines thick at the dise,
1 ecoming very thin at the margin, white; convex then
])lane, obtuse, or gibbous, densely covered with small, erect,
Nvart-like scales, altogether whitish; gills free but rather
i:lose to the stem, 3-4 lines broad, rounded in front, thickish,
ventricose, with a greenish tinge ; stem 2J-3| in. long, up
to |- in. thick, cylindrical, with numerous concentric rings of
ssquarrose scales, up to the superior, large ring ; whitish, or
the edges of the scales often tipped with red, solid.
Agaricus {Lepiota) Vittadinii^ Fries, Epicr., p. 16 ; Cke.,.
Ildbk., p. 15; Cke., lUustr., pi. 36 (after Krombholz).
In pastures, &c.
Intermediate between Lepiota and Amanita. (Fries.)
Diifers from L. nympharum in the solid stem and superior
ring.
LEPIOTA. 245
"Lepiota nympharum. Kalclibr.
Pilous about 3 in. across, flesh thick, soft, white ; convex
llien expanded, umbonate, white or with a fuscous tinge at
the disc, everywhere covered with somewhat overhippinj;',
more or less spreadinpj, concentrically arranged scales ; giUs
free but close to the stem, without a cartilaginous collar,
crowded, ventricose, soft, white ; stem. 3-4 in. long, 4-5 lines
thick, inserted into a deep socket of the flesh of the pilous,
white, somewhat equal, smooth and glabrous below the ring,
minutely floccose above, hollow ; ring very distant, narrow,
persistent, fixed, reflexed ; spores globose.
Agaricus (Lepiota) nympharum, Kalchbrenner, Icon. Sol.
Hymen. Hung., p. 10, tab. 2, fig. 1.
Among grass, &c.
The flesh of the stem becomes rufous near the outside.
Differs from L. Vittadinii in the hollow stem.
Lepiota holosericea. Fr.
Pilous 3-4 in. across, flesh thick, soft, white ; convex then
•expanded and almost plane, obtuse, silkily floccose and some-
what fibrillose, even, fragile, whitish or with a tinge of tan-
colour, disc not at all gibbous and coloured like the remainder,
margin incurved when young ; gills quite free, broad, ven-
tricose, crowded, pallid white; stem solid, 2^-4 in. long,
h in. and more thick, soft, fragile, silkily-fibrillose, whitish,
base bulbous, not rooting ; ring superior, membranaceous,
large, soft, pendulous, margin turned up ; spores elliptical,
7-8 X 5 /x.
Afjaricus (Lepiota) liolosericeus. Fries, Epicr., p. 16; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 15 ; Cke., lllustr., pi 41.
In gardens, &c.
Large, inodorous, ver}" soft.
Lepiota naucina. Fr.
White. Pilous 2-4 in. across, flesh thick, soft ; spherical
then exjoanded and almost plane, somewhat umbonate and
.smooth at the centre, cuticle thin, glabrous, then breaking
up into evanescent granules ; gills free but very close to the
stem, 2-3 linos broad, narrow in front ; stem 2 in. long, h in.
thick at the apex, becoming thicker downwards to the swollen
base, imperfectly hollow ; ring superior, thin, doHcate,
usally soon disappearing ; spores subglobose, 6-7 //, diameter.
24G FUNGUS-FLOEA.
Agaricus (Lepiotd) naucinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 16; Cke.,
lldbk., p. 15; Cke., Illustr., pi. 15.
In fields, cucumber frames, &c.
Somewhat caespitose. Eesembling L. excoriata in general
appearance, but differing in tlie superior, thin ring, &c. In
Cooke's figure the pileus is slightly depressed at the disc,
and no indication of an umbo.
Lepiota cepaestipes. Sow.
Pileus 1-3 in. across, flesh thin ; ovate then expanded,
disc fleshy and broadly umbonate, mealy and squamose with
evanescent plumose scales, pale sulphur-yellow or white,
disc often brownish, margin plicate ; gills free, at length
distant from the stem, 1-2 lines broad, rather distant,
whitish or wdth a yellow tinge ; stem 3-6 in. high, 1^ line
thick at the apex, swollen, often very considerable at the
middle or near the base, floccose, white or pale yellow^,
hollow ; ring distant ; spores elliptical, 7-8 X 4 /x.
Agaricus cepaestipes, Sow^erby, Fungi, t. 2 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 15 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 5, also pi. 942 (as Agaricus (Lepiota)
cepjaestipes, var. cretaceus, Bulliard).
On tan in hothouses, melon beds, &c.
Gregarious or tufted. Probably an introduced species.
Gregarious or tufted. AVhole plant white, pale suljDhur-
colour or j'-ellow. Pileus 1-3 in. broad, ovate-conical when
young, then campanulate, and finally nearly or quite plane,
darker in the centre, and more or less covered wath small
scattered fibrous scales, the flesh thin, and vanishing entirely
towards the margin, which is plicate and semi-transparent ;
the substance is however tough, and bears folding betw^een
the fingers without laceration. Lamellae numerous, thin, in
no regular series, the extremities next the stipes broad and
rounded, and separated from it by a circular space. Stipes
3-6 in. high, straight or crooked, firm, even, smooth, narrow
at the top, but ventricose below, and then narrower again at
the very bottom, somewhat pruinose, the centre at first fitted
with delicate silk}" fibres, at length hollows x\nnuliis perfect,
erect, persistent. Sporidia white, copious, elliptical.
In decay the pileus turns brownish, and, according to its
situation, either dries up, or becomes covered with little
globules of fluid, and gradually dissolves. (Grev.)
LEPIOTA. 247
Lepiota licmophora. B. & Br.
Entirely j^ale lemon-colour. Pilous about 1 in. across,
flesh very thin ; coarsel}^ grooved, up to the disc, margin
crenate, subcylindrical, then campanulate, at length plane,
gills free, very remote from the stem, distant, sligiitly ven-
tricose, thin, l^V line broad, interstices veined; stem 3-4 in.
high, 1-li^ line thick above, becoming thickened downwards,
base abrupt, smooth, hollow ; ring distant, persistent; spores
lemon-shaped, 9-10 X 5 /.t.
Agaricus (Lepiota) licmophorus, Beik. & Broome, Ceylon
Fungi, n. 20; Cke., Hdbk., p. 20 & 381; Cke., Illustr.,
pL 1179.
On soil in hot-houses, stoves, Sec.
First desciibed from Ceylon specimens, and undoubtedly
an introduced species. Di-stinguished from L. cepaestipes by
the glabrous pileus. Perhaps only a variety of the last-
named species.
lY. GEANCLOSI.
Lepiota cinnabarina. A. & S.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick, jjallid ; convex
soon expanded, obtuse or more or less gibbous, granulosely
scurfy, persistently brick red ; gills free, 1^-2 lines broad,
lanceolate, white ; stem 1 J-2 in. long, 2 lines thick, base
thickened, clothed with red scales up to the imperfect ring,
pale and smooth above, stuffed ; spores 6-7 X 5 /a.
Agaricus cinnaharinus, Alb. & Schw., p. 147 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 16 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 43.
In pine woods.
Distinguished from L. granulosa by the larger size and
persistently biick-red, or red-lead colour of the pileus.
Var. Terreyi, Berk. & Broome, Ann. -Nat. Hist., n. 1183;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 16.
Pileus subhemispherical, bright tawny red, rough with
minute warts ; stem subequal, clad with furfuraceous scales
of the same colour ; ring at length torn ; gills white, narrow,
remote ; spores 7 X -1 ja.
Pileus 1-2 in., bright tawny ; scales on the stem of the
same colour, often cylindrical ; gills not branched. Spores
•0002 in. long by -00015 wide (= about 7x4/^).
248 FUNGUS-FLORA.
This species, whicli appears quite distinct, approaches
L. granulosa on one side, and L. acutesquamosa on the other,
hilt is nearer to the latter than the former. The spores of
L. granulosa are slightly larger, those of L. acutesquamosa
are rather longer, and at the name time narrower. (B. & Br.).
Lepiota carcharias. Pers.
Smell strong, unpleasant ; taste bitter. Pilens f-lj in.
across, flesh rather thin, white ; convex then almost plane,
]uore or less nmbonate, grannlose, pale flesh-colour or
yellowish-pink, sometimes whitish; gills adnexed, about
]i line broad, clear white, rather crowded; stem about
Ih in. long, l|-2 lines thick, slightly thickened at the base,
granulose and coloured like the pileus up to the ring, pale
and smooth above, stufi'ed then hollow.
Agaricus carcharias, Pers., Syn., p. 263 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 15; Cke., Illustr., pi. 42.
On the ground, often under fir.^.
Distingnished from allied forms by the strong smell and
bitter taste.
Lepiota granulosa. Batsch.
Pileus |-1 in. across, flesh thin except at the disc, with a
reddish tinge ; convex then expanded obtusely umbonate,
granulosely scurfy, rusty or brownish, sometimes neaily
white, often wrinkled, hoary and pallid when dry, margin
often fringed with fragments of the veil; gills slightly
adnexed, crowded, lJ-2 lines broad, white; stem 1-2J in.
long, 2 lines thick, almost equal, floccosely squamulose and
coloured like the pileus up to the ring, smooth and pale
above, stuffed then hollow.
Agaricus granulosus, 'BatiHih.^t. 6, f. 24; Cke., Illustr., pi. 18;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 16.
Woods, heaths, &o.
Somewhat gregarious. Distinguished from L. cinnaharina
by the adnexed gills and the pileus becoming pale. L.
carcliaria differs in the strong smell. L. amianthina is sepa-
rated by the adnate gills and yellow flesh, especially that of
the stem.
Subgregarious. Pileus l-l in. broad, in general dull
reddish-yellow, but occasionally ferruginous, pii^k, ver-
milion or white. Fleshy in the centre, at first convex, or
LEPIOTA' 249
obtusely umbonate, at length often plane or depressed, some-
>vliat wrinkled, covered with furfuraceous scales. Gills
white or yellowish white, fixed to the stem, ventricose and
nearly free in depressed specimens. Stem 1-3 in. high, 1-4
lines thick, slightly incrassated at the base, when young
solid, but in age hollow, with a core occasionally running
down from the centre of the pileus, and the base stuffed,
sometimes slightly compressed, with a subfugacious floccu-
lose ring about the middle, above which it is slightly
fibrillose and beneath it scaly, like the pileus. In the white
variety above mentioned the pileus and stem were mealy
rather than scaly and the ring attached in fragments to the
edge of the pileus. (Berk.)
Var. rufescens, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1834: ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 16; Cke., Illustr., pL, 213a.
This curious form was found near Bristol, by Mr.
Bucknall, pure white at first, then partially turning red,
and in drying acquiring everywhere a rufous tint.
I have not seen the variety indicated above, but judging
from the figure in Cooke's " Illustrations," it is about the size
of the typical form, ring obsolete or nearly so, and the stem
almost smooth throughout.
Lepiota amianthina. Scop.
Pileus ^-1 in. across, flesh thin, yellow; convex then
plane, more or less umbonate, granulosely scurfy, pale
ochraceous ; gills adnate, crowded, about 1^ line broad,
white then with a yellow tinge; stem l|-2 in. long, about
1 line thick, equal, squamulose up to the ring, smooth above,
pale, fistulose, flesh yellow.
Agaricus amianthinus, Scopoli, Cam., xi. p. 434; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 17 ; Cke., Illustr., ph 213b.
In woods, pastures, &c.
Distinguished from allied species by the adnate gills and
yellow flesh, especially that of the stem.
Var. Broadwoodiae, B. & Br.; Cke., Hdbk., p. 17.
Pileus hemispherical, yellow, delicately tomentose, margin
incurved; stem equal, and, as well as the ring, mealy; gills
white, adnate, sometimes decurrent.
A very distinct variety, if not species. (B. & Br.)
250 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Lepiota polysticta. Eerk.
Pileus about l.V in. across, fleyli tliick, firm, wliite ; convex
then expanded, obtu.-el}^ nmbonate or quite obtuse, reddish
or yellowisli brown, usually broken up into minute adpressed
scales, margin often fringed with fragments of the veil;
gills free, rounded at both ends, crowded, 2-3 lines broad,
with a yellowish tinge; stem 1-1?, in. long, 3-4 lines thick
at the apex, base narrow^ed, scaly and coloured like the pileus
up to the imperfect ring, smooth and pale above, stuffed.
Agaricus (Lepiota^ iwlystidus. Berk., Engl. Flora, vol. v.
p. 9 ; Cke. Hdbk., p. 17 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 30.
Among short grass b}^ road sides, &c.
Pileus 1^ in. broad, not at all campanulate, expanded, and
broadly and obtusely umbonate; flesh thick in the centre,
firm and tough, the epidermis broken into minute flat scales
of a rich red-brown. Gills numerous, unequal rounded
before and behind, broad, ventricose, quite free, the margin
serrulate, white with a slight yellowish tinge. Stem 1 in.
high, f in. thick in the middle, divided into tw^o dis-
tinct portions, the upper one silky of a pinkish hue, the
lower scaly like the pileus, but the scales browner; attenu-
ated at the base Avhere it is furnished with many bi'anched
fibrous rcots, hollow, stuffed with fine silk}^ filaments. Eing
furfuraceous, attached in minute portions to the edge of the
pileus. Inodorous and insipid, (Berk.)
Y. MESOMOPiPHI.
Lepiota sistrata. Fr.
Pileus |--li^ in. across, flesh thin ; campanulate then ex-
panded, obtuse or at times obtusely umbonate, whitish, disc
often daiker, tinged with yellow or flesh-colour, pruinose
with shining particles; gills almost free, ascending, clear
white, crow^ded, l|-2 lines broad; stem 1^-2 in. long,
about 1 line thick, equal, silky-fibrillose, wdiite, fistulose,
loosely stufied with loose fibrils ; ring torn, fibrillose, attached
to the edge of the pileus in the form of delicate fibrils,
fugacious.
Agaricus {Lepiota) sistratus, Fries, Sj^st. Myc, i. p. 2-1 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 17; Cke., Illustr., pi. 85a.
LEFIOTA. 251
Among grass, in gardens, &g.
Allied to L. semimida and to L. mesomorpha ; tlie former
differs in tlie mealy stem, the latter in the glabrous pileus
and stem and in the entire ring.
This pretty species is remarkable for the filamentous ring.
(B. & Br.)
Lepiota parvannulata. Lasch.
Pileus up to I in. across, disc rather fleshy, remainder
almost membranaceous, camjoanulately convex, umbonate or
gibbous, even, at first appearing to be glabrous, but slightly
pruinose when young, white with more or less of a yellow
tinge ; gills free but close to the stem, ventricose, crowded,
white, not united to a collar round the stem ; stem 1-2 in.
long, not a line thick, fistulose, equal, ascending or slightly
wavy, white, fibrillose below the ring, naked and glabrous
above ; ring small, distant, entire, rather persistent, spread-
ing ; spores 4 x 2 • 5 ;tt.
Agariciis parvannulatus, Ijusch, Linnaea, iii. n. 12; Fries,
Icon., p. 14, pi. 16, fig. 3.
In pastures, &c.
In woods the specimens are often larger than the measure-
ments given above, but the pileus rarely reaches to 1 in.
across.
The only species with which L. inirvannulata can be con-
founded is L. erminia, which agrees in colour, and is found
in similar places, but the latter is much larger, and differs
in the superior, torn ring, glabrous pileus, radishy smell,
&c. (Fries.)
Lepiota mesomorpha. Bull.
Pileus about | in. across, flesh thin ; campanulate then
expanded, the margin sometimes slightly turned up, often
more or less umbonate, dry, even, glabrous, yellowish or
pale yellow-brown ; gills free, about 1 line broad, ventricose,
clear white ; stem 1-1 J in. long, about 1 line thick, equal,
dry, even, glabrous, paler than the pileus, fistulose; ring
superior, erect, persistent, whitish.
Agaricus mesomorphus, BuUiard, t. 506, fig. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 18; Cke., Illustr., pi. 85b.
On, the ground.
252 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Distinguished by tlie entire, erect ring, and the even and
glabrous pilous and stem.
Lepiota seminuda. Lasch.
Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin ; campanulate then ex-
panded, umbonate, lloccosely mealy then naked, whitish or
iiesh-colour, margin often fringed with the torn veil; gills
touching the stem, thin, | line broad, white; stem 1-2 in.
long, not a line thick, equal, whitish, mealy ; ring small,
imperfect, superior ; spores elliptical, 5 X 3 /x.
Agaricus seminudus, Lasch, Linn., iii. no. 17; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 18; Cke., Illustr., pi. 19a.
In woods, &c.
Inodorous. Very slender and delicate. L. sisfrata differs
in the pileus being covered with glistening particles, and in
the stem being fibrillose downwards. L. Bucknalli differs in
the strong smell and the violet powder on the pileus and
stem.
Lepiota Bucknalli. B. & Br.
Smell strong, resembling gas tar, Pileus |-| in. across,
flesh thin; campanulate then convex, white, sprinkled with
lilac powder, which is densest at the disc; gills touching the
stem, about 1 line broad, white; stem li-3 in. high, 1 line
thick, more or less dilated at the base, otherwise equal,
.straight, white, basal half sprinkled with violet powder,
iistulose ; spores 7 X 3 • 5 /x.
Agaricus (Lepiota') Bucknalli, l^er\. & Broome; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 18; Cke., Illustr., pi. 19b.
On the ground.
Smell strong, like gas tar. (B. & Br.)
Lepiota ianthina. Cuoke.
Pileus about | in. across, flesh thin; campanulate then
•expanded, umbonate, whitish at the even margin, disc
•dark violet, fibrillose, rest of pileus screaked with innate,
radiating, violet, hair-like squamules ; gills free, about 1 line
broad, lanceolate, scarcely crowded, whitish ; stem about
1 in. long, 1 line thick, nearly equal, somewhat flexuou.*',
whitish, soon hollow ; ring distant, narrow deciduous.
Agaricus (^Lepiota) ianthinus, Cke., Grevillea, vol. xvi.
p. 101; Cke., Hdbk., p. 363; Cke., Illustr., pi. 944a.
LEPIOTA. 253
In a stove.
Possibly an introduced species.
Lepiota martialis. Cke. & Mass.
Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh thin, ^vhite ; campanulato
then plane, minutely silky, clear deep pink, disc darker,,
with an ochraceous tinge Avhen old, margin striate; gills
free, up to 1 line broad, rather crowded, somewhat lanceolate
whitish; stem 1-1^ i"- ^oug, 1^ line thick at the base,
thinner upwards, pinkish red below ihe ring, jiale ochraceous
above; ring broad, pendulous, rather distant, persistent;
spores elliptical, 8x4//.
Agaricus (Lepiota) martialis, Cooke & Mass., Grevillea,
vol. xvi. p. 77 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 363; Cke., Illustr., ph 944b.
On the trunk of a tree fern.
Eeadil}^ distinguished by the clear pinkish-red pileus*
Probably introduced.
B. Cuticle v'scid, not broken up.
Lepiota medullata. Fr.
Smell resembling radishes. Every part pure white.,
Pileus lj-2i- in. across, flesh rather thin, watery; convex
then expanded, even, glabrous, viscid, disc sometimes
greyish, fragments of the veil often fringing the margin ;
gills free, crowded, ventricose, broadest in front, about l|-2
lines broad; stem 2|-3 in. long and 3 lines thick, equal,
dry, silky-squamulose below the veil, apex striate, the thick
external cortex readily separable from an internal tube, at
length fistulose; ring incomplete, torn, usuallj^ remaining in
fragments at the margin of the pileus and scarcely evident
on the stem, rarely distinct and entire or nearly so on the
stem and almost absent from the pileus.
Agaricus (^Lejnota') medullatus, Fries, EjDicr., p. 19; Cke.>
Hdbk., p. 18; Cke., Illustr., pL 44.
On the ground.
Agrees with L. illinita in colour, but differs in the dry
stem and distinct veil. Differs in colour from L. delicata,
(Fries.)
Lepiota delicata. Fr.
Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin ; convex then plane,
254 FUXGUS-FLOEA.
somewhat umloonate, eveii, glabrous, viscid, "but granular,
rufescent or yellowish ; gills free, crowded, thin, pure white ;
stem 1 in. long, 1 line thick, equal, dry, whitish, covered
with floccose down; ring usually entire, membranaceous,
^ry.
Agarlcus (Lcpioid) delicahis, I'ries, Syst, Myc, i. p. 23;
Cke., Ildbk., p. 19; Cke., Illustr., pi. 18b.
In woods, also in hothouses.
Certainh^ distinct from L. glioderma, although the dis-
tinctive features are not very pronounced. Differs in being
only about one-ihird the size; pileus not cam^Danulate; stem
floccose, not squamose. (Fries.j
Pileus hemispherical, obtuse, rivulose, viscid, smooth,
pallid, 1 in. across; stem J in. high, ^ in. thick, transversely
punctate, squamulose, stuffed with flocci, white above; veil
floccose, slightly appendiculate : gills free, rounded behind,
approximate, pallid. The veil is really double, floccose,
covered with scaly particles. Taste like that of Folyporus
squamosus. This is clearly a stout form of Lejnota delicata, of
which we have a figure, from the author, closel}' corre-
sponding with our species. (B. & Br.)
Fries mentions two varieties : — pallida ; pileus yellowish
or pale rose ; in woods and uncultivated j)laces ; vaporaria ;
pileus rufescent.
Lepiota illinita. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thin, white, soft ; ovate-
campanulate, then expanded; somewhat umbonate, viscid,
glabrous, margin slightly striate and often fimbriate, usually
clear white, sometimes tinged with ochraceous or tan-
colour; gills free, crowded, at length remote from the stem,
white ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, white, equal,
glutinous, ring obsolete, stuffed then hollow.
Agaricus {Lepiota) iUimtus, Fries, Obs. Myc, xi. p. 8;
Tries, Icon., pi. 16, f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 19.
In woods.
Entire fungus glutinous from the universal veil, which
forms an incomplete ring on the stem, when the pileus
expands ; partial veil not evident. Stem stuffed when young,
soon hollow, 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, fragile, not
at all floccose or scaly, but glutinous and slimy, but dry
LEPIOTA. 255
above the ring. Piletis with the flesh thin, 1^-3 in. across,
glabrous, viscid, soft, at length fragile, umbo Avith a fuscous
tinge, margin slightly striate. GilJs free, at length distant
from the stem, crowded, soft, often connected by veins. 'J he
entire fungus is usually clear white, but forms occur having
the pileus clay-colour or tan-colour, margin even, fimbriate.
(Fj-ies.)
Eeadily distinguished by the very imperfect ring, and the
glutinous pilens and stem. L. meduUaia diflers in having
the stem quile dry.
Lepiota glioderma. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, soft, white; campanulale
then convex, broadly gibbous or obtuse, even, glabrous,
reddish-bay or yellowish-brown, viscid ; gills free but close
to the stem, ventricose, broad, pure white, not spotted ; stem
about 3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, dry, soft, AA'hitish,
covered with floccose squamules as far up as the incomplete,
torn ring, quite naked above the ring, whitish or with a
rufous tinge.
Agaricus (Leinota) gliodermiis, Fries, Yet. Ac. Forhandl.,
1852; Cke., Illustr., pi. 118a ; Cke., Hdbk., i>. 19.
In pine woods, &c.
Eeadily distinguished by the dark-coloured, viscid pileu?,
that does not become at all broken up at the surface, as
usual in the genus.
Analogous in man}^ respects with L. clypeolaria, but very
distinct in the even, glabrous, viscid pileus. (Fries.)
Lepiota lenticularis. Lasch.
Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh rather thick, soft, sj^ongy,
white ; globose when young, then campanulate and convex,
even, glabrous, naked, tan-colour with a tinge of red ; gills
entirely free, but close to the stem, ventricose, broadest in
front, closely crowded, whitish ; stem 4-6 in. high, ^ in. and
more thick, base slightly swollen, or altogether equal, solid
but very spongy and soft, more or less sqnamulose or almost
glabrous; ring superior yet distant from the j)ileus, even,
large ; stem above the ring exuding largo drops of water in
damp weather which dry up and leave spots.
Agaricus lenticularis^ Lasch, Linn., iii. n. 18; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 17; Cke., Hdbk., p. 19.
258 FUNGL'S-FLORA.
In damp woods.
Eemarkable for the great development of the ring, and
the smooth pinkish tan pileus. Stem 4—6 in. long. Tileus
3-4 in. broad. Fries places it in Amanita. (Cooke.)
Lepiota Georginae. W. G. Smith.
Pileus -^-1 in. across, flesh rather thin, white, changing to*
crimson when broken ; fragile, campannlate then plane,
covered with a dense, viscid mealiness, white, changing
instantly to crimson when touched, margin at length striate ;
gills free, very thin, moderately distant, somewhat ventri-
cose, about 1|- line broad, white, the edge becoming crimson
when touched ; stem 1-2 in. long, up to 1 line thick, slightly
attenuated upwards, clothed with white, viscid meal which
becomes crimson when touched, fistulose ; ring evanescent,
spores elliptical, 10-12 x 6-7 /x,
Agaricus (Le-piota^ Georginae^ AV. G. Smith, Seeman's
Journ. Bot., vol. ix. p. 1, t. 112 (1871); Cke., Hdbk., p. 20:
Cke., lUustr., pi. 132 (after Smith).
On mosses in a cool fernery.
Eeadily distinguished by being white at first, and every
p)art turning crimson at once when touched. An introduced
species.
AMANITOPSIS. Roze.
Stem with a volva at the base ; ring absent; remainder
as in Amanita.
Amanitopsis, Eoze, in Karst., Hattsv., i. p. 6 ; Sacc, Syll.,.
vol. V. p. 20.
Amanita, Pers., Syn., p. 246 ; Cke., Ildbk., p. 6 (as a sub-
genus of Agaricus).
The present genus dififers from Amanita in the absence of
a ring, and from Lepiota in the presence of a volva.
Amanitopsis vaginata. Eoze.
Pileus 2-5 in. across, flesh rather thin, whitish ; campami-
late then expanded, obtuse, glabrous, naked or rarely with
fragments of the volva attached, moist in rainy weather,
somewhat shining when dry, margin quite membranaceous,
and coarsely striate ; colour variable, lead-colour, orange-
rufous, whitish, &c. ; gills free, ventricose, not much crowded,
AMANITOPSIS. 257
white or pallid ; stem 4—5 iu. high, I in. thick at the base^
equally attenuated upwards, very soft and at length fragile,
the entire surface broken up into squamules, hollow or with
line fibrils more or less occupying the cavity ; volva entirely
free from the stem, except a point at the extreme base,
sheathing, lax, fragile ; spores elliptical, 10 x 7-8 /x.
Amanitopsis vaginata^ Roze, in Karsten, Hattsv., i. p. 7.
Agaricus (^Amanita) vaginatus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 10 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 12, & 18.
Agaricus vaginatus, Bull., t. 98, 512.
Agaricus nivalis^ Grev., Scot. Cr. FL, t. 18 (the white
form).
Among grass, in woods, &c.
Pileus 4 in. or more broad, plane, slightly depressed in the
centre, scarcely umbonate, fleshy except at the extreme
margin, which in consequence is elegantly grooved; viscid
when moist, beaiitifully shining when dry; at first there
are a few broad scales, the remains of the volva, but these
soon vanish; the epidermis easily peels ofi". Gills free,
ventricose, broadest in front, often imbricated, white. Spores
white, round. Stem 6 in. or more high, J-1 in. thick,
attenuated upwards, obtuse at the base, where it is furnished
with a volva which is adnate for about an inch and then, in
general, closely surrounding it like a sheath, but sometimes
the margin is expanded, marked within at the base, with
the groves of the pileus, brittle, sericeo-squamulose, scarcely
fibrillose, but splitting with ease longitudinally, hollow, or
rather stuffed with fine cottony fibres, the very base solid,
not acrid, insipid ; smell scarcely any. The volva is easily
overlooked if care be not taken to dig up the very base of
the stem, as it is apt to be entangled in the grass. It occurs
of various colours ; the more general one is a mouse-grey.
Bolton figures a tawny variety agreeing with A. fulvus,
Schaefi"., t. 95. Others are figured by Schaeff"er of a bluish
and bay hue. Batsch has a white and Haller a green
variety. (Berk.)
White. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, ovate in the volva, then
convex, at length plane and subumbonate, the centre sub-
ochraceous, at first warty then quite smooth. Flesh white,
very thin on the margin. Gills subdistant, broad in front,
narrow behind, entire. Stem 3-5 in. high, 3-4 lines thick,
VOL. 111. s
258 FUNGUS-FLOKA.
naked, stuffed with spongy fibres, "bulbous at the base, with
a constriction where the Tolva becomes free. Yolva loose,
persistent. (Grev.) This applies to Ag. nivalis, Grev.
Amanitopsis strangulata. Fr.
Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh rather thick, whitish, not
changing colour ; campanulate then expanded, plane when
adult, margin striate when young, then sulcate, slightly
viscid, glabrous, livid -bay, becoming pale, with numerous
wart-like fragments of the volva ; gills free, without a de-
current line on the stem, crowded, ventricose, 3 lines broad,
clear white ; stem 4-6 in. long, up to 1 in. thick at tbe base
and gradually attenuated upwards, pale, stuffed then hollow ;
Tolva adnate, becoming broken up into 1-3 irregular rings
-owing to increase in length of the base of the stem.
Agaricus (^Amanitci) sirangulatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 6 ; Fries,
Icones, p. 11, t. 11; Cke., Hdbk., p. 10; Cke., lUustr., pi. 13.
In woods.
Colour mouse-grey ; smell none; taste sweet, (Cke.)
Amanitopsis adnata. W. G. Smith.
Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh rather thick, whitish, firm ;
convex then expanded, rather moist, pale yellowish-buff,
often furnished with irregular, woolly patches of the volva ;
margin even, extending beyond the gills ; stem 2-4 in. long,
^ in. thick, cylindrical, rough, fibrillose, pale buff, flesh
distinct from that of the pileus, stuffed then hollow; base
solid slightly swollen, volva adnate, white, downy, margin
free and lax, sometimes almost obsolete ; gills truly adnate,
crowded, with many intermediate, shorter ones, white ;
spores subglobose with an oblique apiculus, 7-8 /x,
Agaricus (Amanita^ adnatiis, W. G. Smith. Saund. & Smith,
.t. 20; Cke., Hdbk., p. 10; Cke., Illustr., pi. 35.
Woody places, under oak and holly.
AMANITA. Fries, (figs. 4, 5, p. 3.)
The universal veil at first completely enclosing the whole
fungus, becoming ruptured by the increase in length of the
stem, one portion remaining as a volva or sheath at the
base of the stem, the remainder usually forming separable
AMANITA. 259
scales or patches on the pileus; stem central, its substance
usually distinct from the flesh of the pileus, furnished with
a ring ; gills free.
Amanita, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 12 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 6 (as
a subgenus of Agaricus).
The universal veil is quite distinct from the pileus. Most
nearly allied to Amanitopsis, which differs only in the absence
of a ring. Lepiota differs in the absence of a volva.
All the species grow on the ground.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES
* Yolva splitting at the apex or circumscissile, limb free,
persistent. Pileus naked or with broad membranaceous
fragments of the pileus.
** Volva distinctly circumscissile, margin persistent, the
upper portion broken up into thick warts by the expansion
of the pileus.
*** Yolva very friable, entirely broken up into wart-like
scales. Pileus with unequal mealy patches which soon
disappear, or with small, hard, polygonal warts.
**** Yolva almost obsolete, flocculose, entirely dis-
appearing.
* Volva splitting or circumscissile; pileus naJced or with
irregular patches.
Amanita virosa. Fr.
Foetid. Entirely pure white; rarely with a tinge of
yellow on the pileus. Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, at first
acutely conical, then campanulate, at length expanded,
naked, viscid in moist weather, shining when dry, margin
always even, but often unequally waved and incurved ; gills
free, thin, 2 lines broad, slightly broader in front, not
decurrent, crowded, margin minutely flocculose ; stem 4-6 in.
long, f in. thick at the base, slightly attenuated upwards,
apex often compressed, surface torn into squamules, entirely
stuffed, almost solid, ring near apex of stem, lax, silky, torn,
s 2
260 FUNGUS-FLORA.
fragments often adhering to tlie gills and margin of the
pileus ; volva large, lax, irregularly splitting at the apex ;
spores subglobose, 8-10 /x diameter.
Agaricus (Amanita) virosus. Fries, Epicr., p. 3 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 1,
In damp woods.
Distinguished by the strong, disagreeable smell, white
colour, and large, lax volva.
Amanita phalloides. Tr.
Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh rather thick, white ; ovate then
campanulate, at length expanded, obtuse, covered with a
pellicle that is viscid when moist, but not glutinous, rarely
with one or more fragments of the volva attached, margin
regular, even ; colour very variable, usually white or pale
yellow when exposed to light, greenish or with an olive
tinge, or often spotted when in shady places; gills free,
ventricose, 3-4 lines broad, pure white ; stem 3-5 in. long,
J— I in. thick, almost glabrous, white, bulbous, solid at the
base, hollow and slightly attenuated upwards, often curved ;
ring superior, large, reflexed, slightly striate, tumid, usually
entire, white ; volva more or less buried in the ground,
bulbous, nearly free, margin torn, lax ; spores subglobose,
7-8 /x diameter.
Agaricus (^Amanita') phalloides, Fries, Epicr., p. 4; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 6 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 2.
Agaricus vernus, Bull., t. 108; Cke., Hdbk., p. 7; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 3.
Smell not strong but unpleasant. Distinguished by the
ample, nearly free volva and the large ring. Fries says
that he has met with this species in late autumn having the
disc of the pileus almost black and becoming whitish towards
the margin.
Pileus 2-3 in. broad, fleshy subhemispherical, then ex-
panded or even slightly dejoressed, sometimes slightly umbo-
nate, irregularly scaly from the fragments of the volva
adhering to the shining surface, which is slimy when moist;
the margin quite even and free from striae ; white, straw-
coloured, olive-green with brown markings, &c. Gills
numerous, unequal, ventricose, broader in front, pure white,
subadnexed, sometimes quite free ; when young covered
AMANITA. 261
with a membrane whicli in course of expansion either falls
off or forms a deflexed ring.
Stem 3-4 in. high, half an inch thick, fibrillose with a
few adpressed scales arising from the partial ring which was
at first in contact with it, attenuated upwards, bulbous
below and there furnished with a variously lobed volva,
which is adnate with the base of the stipes, but has the
margin free and more or less expanded, in general hollow at
the apex or for some distance down, though occasionally the
inner substance is only a little more spongy than the outer,
varying much in size and colour and degree of scaliness, and
according to Fries in the manner of adherence of the volva.
When fresh it has a powerful but not disagreeable smell ;
when past maturity, its odour becomes almost insupportable.
(Berk.)
Amanita mappa. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, rather fleshy; convex then plane,
ohtuse or depressed, orbicular, dry, usually white or yellowish,
margin for the most part even ; gills adnexed, crowded,
narrow, clear white ; stem 2-3 in long, 3-5 lines thick,
white ; ring superior, soft, lax, usually torn ; volva splitting
in a regularly circumscissile manner, a portion remaining on
the pileus in the form of broad, irregular, seceding scales,
base globosely-bulbous, connate with the stem, margin acute,
distinct and distant ; spores subglobose, 7-9 /x diameter.
Agaricus (Amanita) ma^pa. Fries, Epicr., p. 4; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 7 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 4.
In woods.
Smell strong; colour variable. Somewhat resembling
A. j^halloides, but differing in the shorter, equal stem.
** Volva circumscissile; pileus warted,
Amanita pantherina. Fr.
Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thin except at the disc, per-
sistently white ; convex then almost or quite plane, margin
striate, reddish-yellow or brownish, cuticle viscid, usually
ornamented with pale, flat, mealy warts; gills narrowed
behind and free but close to the stem, broad in front, white ;
fetem 4-5 in. long, J in. thick, bulbous, more or less silky or
262 FUNGUS-FLORA.
broken up into scales, ■wliitisti, stuffed then hollow; ring
distant, usually oblique ; volva adnate, the extreme margin
only free ; spores elliptical.
Agaricus (^Amanita) imntlierinus^ Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 16;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 8 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 6.
In woods and in pastures under trees.
Solitary. Pileus 4 in. broad, at first convex with many
flat mealy warts, which rub off with difficulty ; then expanded
and slightly depressed, glutinous when moist, when dry soft
to the touch like kid leather ; beneath the gluten are minute
fasciculato-pilose scales, but quite adpressed and innate,
reddish grey or brown, according to Fries sometimes livid,
margin sulcate and tubercled. Gills broad in front, free,
white. Spores round, pure white. Stem 5 in. high, h in.
thick, stuffed, at length more or less hollow, bulbous, either
silky and even or torn into reflexed scales; ring deflexed;
volva quite smooth, connate, the extreme margin only free
all round. (Berk.)
Amanita muscaria. Fr.
Pileus 4—8 in. across, flesh rather thin in proportion, white,
yellowish just under the cuticle ; globose then plane, margin
striate, pellicle viscid, usually deep scarlet, but sometimes
orange, lemon-yellow, or brownish, becoming whitish ; gills
approaching the stem, down which they form decurrent
lines, 3-5 lines broad, white or with a tinge of yellow ; stem
4-7 in. high, up to 1 in. thick, base ovately bulbous, stuffed
then hollow, whitish, ring superior, lax ; volva adnate,
broken up into concentric scales ; spores elliptical.
Agaricus (^Amanita) muscarius, Syst. Myc, i. p. 16; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 7; Cke., Illustr., pi. 117.
In woods, especially birch and fir.
Pileus 3-6 in. broad, convex at first, at length nearly or
quite plane, striated at the margin, mostly bright red or
orange, but varying sometimes to liver-colour, yellowish,
or even whitish, warty. Warts white or yellowish, pro-
minent, pretty regularly scattered over the surface, some-
times wanting. Lamellae adnate with the stipes, very
numerous, broad, white. Flesh thick, white, partaking to a
small depth of the colour of the pileus. Stipes smooth, white,
very straight, subsolid, 4—8 in. high, nearly an inch thick.
AMANITA. 263
luTbous at tlie base. Yeil annular, white. Volva ]ierfect
only in extremely young plants, cracking immediately into
pyramidal warts, which bec(?me less elevated, and generally
leaving a few traces upon the bulb at the base of the stem.
This most splendid chief of the agaricoid tribe really
deserves the name of imperial, applied to it by Batsch, for
Ihe most indifferent person must bo attracted by the glowing
hues of its ample pileus, its regular form, and tall pillar-like
stipes; eminently conspicuous, even at a distance, in the
shaded recesses of its native woods. In the Iliglilands of
Scotland it is imj^ossible not to admire it, as seen in long-
perspective between the trunks of the straight fir-trees ; and
should a sunbeam penetrate through the dark and dense
foliage, and rest on its vivid surface, an effect is produced
by this chief of a humble race which might lower the pride
of many a patrician vegetable. (Grev.)
Amanita excelsa. Fr.
Pileus 4-5 in. across, flesh thick, everywhere white, un-
changeable ; soft, globose, expanding until quite plane, viscid
in damp weather, then the surface often becomes wrinkled
into wart-like projections or variously cavernous and lacu-
nose; warts or fragments of the volva friable, irregular,
angular, greyish-white, readily separating and disappearing,
colour of pileus brownish-grey, centre darker ; margin even
at first, but when fully expanded and developed, evidently
striate; gills free, not striately decurrent down the stem,
ventricose, J in. and more broad; pure white, with many
intermediate short ones; stem at first stuffed, almost solid,
but becoming hollow, 4-6 in. long, 1 in. thick, base a de-
pressed sphere, above which the stem is attenuated upwards,
the epidermis broken up into dense, concentric scales up
to the ring or near the base only ; apex striate ; bulb some-
what marginate when young, but not at all separable,
margin scaly, immersed in the ground, somewhat rooting,
having irregularly concentric grooves below the margin;
ring superior, large, becoming free or torn ; sj)ores
8-9 X 5-6 IX.
Agaricus (^Amanitci) excelsa, Fries, Epicr., p. 8 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 6 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 8.
Grassy places in woods.
264 FUNGUS-FLOE A.
Solitary. Pileus 4 in. broad, nmber-grey, slightly viscid,
smooth, easily rubbed oif; epidermis tough and clammj,
easily peeling off; margin not striate. Gills obtuse befoie
and behind, but much broader in front, truly free, J in.
broad, the margin slightly uneven. Stem 6 in. or mor3
high, 1 in. thick, going deep into the earth; scaly below thd
ring, scales thick and squarrose ; above the ring the scales
are closely adpressed, their interstices finely silky, apex
striate, tolerably firm, juic}', of an unchangeable white,
distinct from the pileus, though nearly of the same sub-
stance ; ring half way down, large, substriate within, ex-
ternally downy. Taste j^leasant. (Berk.)
Amanita strobiliformis. Vitt.
Pileus 5-8 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, thin towards
the margin, firm, white, convex then expanded, with a
distinct pellicle, margin even, extending slightly beyond
the gills, white, greyish, or yellowish-brown, warts large,
angular or pyramidal, hard, closely adnate and persistent;
gills rounded behind and free, broad, whitish; stem 5-7 in.
long, up to Ih in. thick, solid. Floccosely scaly, expanding
at the base into a subterranean bulb having 1-2 concentric,
acutely marginate rings ; ring superior, large, torn.
Agaricus (^Amanita) strohilifonnis, Yittadini, Fung. Mang.,
t. 9 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 8; Cke., Illustr., pi. 8, and 277.
Borders of woods, &c.
Pileus when young subglobose, bulb of the stem conical
below, rooting, its border sometimes incised all round, some-
times even, floccose above to the edge of the pileus; scales
of the pileus large, wart-like, with a brown disc and white
floccose border, at length falling ofi". Pileus when expanded
8 or 9 in. across, at length quite smooth ; margin extending
beyond the gills. Stem 6-7 in. high, Ij in. thick, firm,
solid ; bulb not properly scaly ; veil large ; gills rounded
behind, the shorter ones denticulate at the base. Smell and
taste at first slight, at length disagreeable.
This is undoubtedly the species of Vittadini and Bulliard.
Too much stress must not be laid U2:)0n the incision of
the bulb or its scales, for neither character is constant.
(B. & Br.)
AMANITA. 265
Amanita solitaria. Bull.
Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh rather thin, persistently white,
compact ; convex then almost plane, with a distinct pellicle,
margin almost even, whitish or with a rufous tinge, with
rather small, scattered, floccose, angular warts that are easily
removed ; stem solid, equal, 3-4 in. long, 1 in. thick, clothed
with imbricated scales below, coloured like the pileus, bulb
campanulate, rooting, marginate ; ring superior, torn ; gills
narrow behind and adnexed, broad, white.
Aaaricus solitarlus, Bulliard, Champ. Fr., t. 48 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 361 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 939.
On the ground, in damp places.
Distinguished by the scaly stem and rooting base of the stem.
*** Volva entirely friable.
Amanita rubescens. Fr.
Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh thick, white, becoming dingy
red when broken; convex then expanded, dingy flesh-colour,
reddish-brown, or tan-colour, sprinkled with small, adnate
warts ; gills narrowed behind and touching the stem, down
which they pass as decurrent lines, whitish; stem about
3 in. long, 1 in. thick at the base, conically attenuated
upwards, stuffed, more or less scaly, whitish then stained
with red, flesh turning red with age or when broken ; ring
superior, large, entire, drooping; volva nearly obliterated,
bulbous base of stem more or less concentrically grooved ;
spores elliptical, 8 x 6 /x.
Agaricus (Amanita) riihescens, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 18 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 8; Cke., Illustr., pi. 9 and 1163.
In woods, &c.
Very variable, but readily distinguished from every other
species by the flesh becoming red when broken. Stem and
pileus usually becoming red when bruised. In very rainy
weather the warts of the pileus are often washed off.
A form with a short, subequal stem, and smaller, crowded,
firmly adhering warts, requires to be carefully distinguished
from A. asi^era. (Fries.)
Pileus convex, reddish, unequally wart}'-, warts flat ;
smooth and even on the margin ; in old specimens there is
sometimes an appearance of striae on the margin in con-
sequence of its becoming transparent, slightly viscid, flesh
266 FUNGUS-FLORA.
turning red when cut, more or less completely. Gills broad
in front, narrow behind, adnexed by a fine prominent line.
Spores subelliptic. Stem stuffed at length more or less
hollow, bulbous, the bulb more or less smooth, above the
ring clothed with flat adpressed scales ; below the ring the
scales have their upper margin free and patent; ring large,
deflexed, striate. Smell strong, taste not unpleasant. Such
is the form which occurs not unfrequently in the South of
England. The discoloration of the flesh is by no means
strongly marked. Indeed I find specimens in which it is
very slight, and the change is rather to brown than red ;
the stem furfuraceous below the ring, and above striate and
pulverulent ; the volva thick and smooth. (Berk.)
Amanita spissa. Fr.
Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh rather thick, white, unchange-
able; convex then plane, obtuse, glabrous, even, but more
or less covered with small, angular, adnate, greyish warts,
umber, sooty, or grey ; margin even but often torn into
fibrils ; gills approaching very close to the stem, down which
they run in fine decurrent lines, broad, crowded, clear white ,
stem 2-3 in. long, nearly 1 in. thick, clear white, solid ; bulb
globoso-depressed, not marginate, slightly rooting; stem at
length concentrically cracked and squamulose ; ring superior,
large; spores rather pear-shaped, 9-10 x 0 /t.
Agaricus (^Amanita) sjnssus, Fries, Epicr., i. p. 0 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 9 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 69.
In woods.
Pileus often torn and fibrillose at the magin ; warts thin,
adnate, mealy, grey.
Amanita nitida. Fr.
Pileus about 4 in. across, flesh rather thick, white, almost
unchangeable, somewhat compact, hemispherical, covered
with the thick floccose volva which becomes broken up
into thick, adherent, brownish, angular warts as the pileus
expands, dry, shining, whitish, without a viscid pellicle,
margin always even ; gills free, crowded, up to h in. broad,
ventricose, crowded, clear white ; stem almost 3 in. long,
1 in. thick, conically attenuated upwards, solid, base bulbous,
squamulose, white; ring superior, thin, torn, rather striate,
white, downy below, at length disappearing.
AMANITA. 267
Agarlciis (Amanita) nitida, Fries, Epicr., p. 8 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 9 ; Cke., Illustr., t. 70.
In shady woods.
Eeadily known by the whitish pileus bearing large, hard,
thick, angular warts.
Amongst several specimens, some exactly agree with the
definition of Fries in the thick indurated angular warts,
while others approach so near to A. mappa that it is difficult
to distinguish them. (B. & Br.)
Amanita aspera. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc, whitish,
reddish or brownish under the cuticle ; convex then plane,
margin thin and even, rough with firmly adnate, minute,
closely crowded, angular warts, reddish brown or livid
brownish, not pure white, unchangeable; gills free and
rounded behind, not striately decurrent, ventricose, white ;
stem stuffed, short at first, ovate, then elongating to 2-3 in.,
attenuated upwards from a rugulose bulb, squamulose, white
without and within ; ring superior, entire ; spores 8 X 6 /x.
Agaricus (Amanita) asper, Flies, Epicr., p. 9 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 10; Cke., Hdbk., p. 9.
In woods, especially beech.
Free margin of volva obsolete and pileus densely crowded
with innate, minute, sharp warts distinguish this species.
Pileus sometimes with an olive tinge, stem up to 4 in. long,
J in. thick.
Pileus 2-3 in. broad, at first convex, then expanded,
scarcely umbonate, reddish, with various tints of livid and
grey, clothed with small acute warts, margin not striate ;
flesh thick, permanent white, except immediately beneath
the epidermis. Gills white, broad in front, with sometimes a
little tooth behind running down the stem, at length more or
less imbricate. Stem 2-3 in. high, sometimes Ij in. thick at
the base, but often much less, bulbous, the bulb rather rough,
striate above the ring, difi"racfo-squamulose, or silky below,
stuffed ; ring broad striate. Flesh of the stem when eaten
by maggots and bulb when old, red. The delicate surface
of the ring and stipes is brick-red when touched, or from
the pressure of the surrounding grass. Odour strong, taste
not unpleasant. (Berk.)
268 FUNGUS-FLORA.
**** Volva almost obsolete.
Amanita magnifica. Fr.
Pileiis 3-0 in. across, flesli rather tliick, wliite, then like
that of the stem reddish ; convex then almost plane, almost
naked or with scattered mealy patches of the pileus that
do not form warts, reddish-brown or liver-colour, margin
striate ; stem 4-5 in. long, up to f in. thick, almost equal
or more or less bulbous at the base, scaly and coloured like
the pileus up to the superior, large, drooping, seceding ring,
pale above, stuffed then hollow; volva obliterated; gills
narrowed behind and slightly decurrent, rather narrow,
whitish.
Agaricus (Amanita) magnificus. Fries, Epicr., p. 10 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 9 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 34.
Under beech-trees, &c.
The whole fungus is sometimes more slender than indi-
cated above. Allied to A. ruhescens, but differing in the de-
current gills, absence of warts on the pileus, stem becoming
hollow, &c.
In fir woods. Our plant differs from the figure in
Fl. Dan., t. 2146, in having a bulbous base. Pileus cam-
pan ulate, even, with scattered mealy patches ; stem attenuated
upwards, transversely scaly. Whole plant dark liver-red,
with the exception of the white, adnexed gills. Allied to
A. ruhescens, but quite distinct, though variable. Fl. Danica,
tab. 2148, fig. 2, which is referred by Fries to this species,
has, like the Agaric before us, a bulbous base. (B. & Br.)
Amanita megalodactyla. Berk.
Strong scented. Pileus 2-2J in. across, flesh rather thick,
white ; convex then expanded, somewhat gibbous, soft, smooth,
reddish-grey, cuticle not broken up, margin even; gills
free, 2-3 lines broad, pallid, becoming tinged with red ; stem
4-5 in. long, h iu. thick, slightly bulbous, solid, fibrillose,
white ; ring superior, large, spreading ; volva floccose, almost
obsolete, entirely adnate ; spores elliptical, 5 x 3 /x.
Agaricus (Amanita) megalodaciylus, Berk.. Outl., p. 91 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 9 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 11.
In woods.
In Cooke's figure the pileus is bright ochraceous, and
HYPHOMYCETES. 269
altogether recalls to mind Lepiota lenticularis ; the latter is,
however, more robust and differs in the squamulose stem,
and absence of smell.
HYPHOMYCETES. Corda (in part).
Saprophytes or parasites, generally superficial, or nearly
so on the matrix ; rarely internal parasites in the bodies of
insects ; hyphae typically septate, more or less abundantly
developed, and bearing naked conidia.
HypJiomycetes, Corda (in part), Icones Fung., i. p. 10.
Hl/phomyceteae, Saccardo, SylL, vol. iv. p. 1.
The members of the present group are mostly individually
minute, and come under the designation of microscopic fungi,
and are known in popular language as "moulds." Most
species are gregarious, and form white or coloured, cottony
or velvety patches on decaying or dead plants and animals,
although some species are true parasites. The conidia, as the
minute spores or reproductive bodies are called, are always
borne naked, on the hyphae, and are never contained in
asei, or enclosed in sporangia, as in the Phy corny cetes, which
include Mucor and other genera, which are also frequently
included under the term " moulds."
In a few species the heads of conidia are involved in
mucus, which may, under superficial examination be mistaken
for a membrane. Again in some groups the hyphae are also
more or less viscid, and are hence more or less horny when dry.
When mature, the conidia fall away very readily, and this
is especially the case when placed in water, hence when
the general habit, mode of branching, &c., of a specimen has
been first observed under a low power of the microscope,
it is best to remove a small portion with a pair of forceps,
and place it in a drop of absolute alcohol or acetic acid on
a slide ; by this means many of the conidia are retained in
their natural position; specimens treated in this way can
be stained, and afterwards mounted in Canada balsam or
glycerine jelly.
Many forms included in the present family, that were at
one time considered as distinct species, have been shown by
recent researches to be only forms in the life-cycle of more
270 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Mglily developed fungi belonging to other families, more
especially to tlie various orders of the Ascomycetes. All
sucli form-species are included in the present arrangement,
and their true relationship indicated where known.
In dealing with the Eyplwmycetes I have followed the
arrangement given by Saccardo in "Sylloge Fungorum,"
vol. iv.
KEY TO THE FAMILIES.
I. MUCEDIXEAE.
H^'phae pallid or bright-coloured, collapsing, lax, crowded,
but not cohering in regular fascicles to form a stem-like
structure ; conidia similar in colour.
II. Dematieae.
Hyphae dark coloured, brown or blackish, rather rigid,
crowded, but not fasciculate ; rarely somewhat hyaline, but
then the conidia are dark-coloured.
III. Stilbeae.
Hyphae pallid or brownish, densely coherent in elongated,
stom-like fascicles ( = stipes).
IV. Tubeeculaeieae.
Hyphae pallid or brownish, densely conglutinated into a
wart-like tuft (= sporodocMuni)^ often seated on a compact,
stroma-like base.
Earn. I. MUCEDINEAE. Link.
Hyphae white, pallid, or bright-coloured (rarely brownish),
forming cottony, or downy patches, soon collapsing, lax;
HYPHOMYCETES. 271
never agglutinated together in a definitely fasciculate
manuer.
Muceclineae, Link, Berl. Mag., iii. p. 10; emended by Sac-
cardo, in Mich., ii. p. 13; Sacc, Syll., vol. iv. p. 2.
The leading characters of the present family consist in
the white or bright colour of the hyphae and conidia ; the
hyphae are comparatively flaccid and soon collapsing,
forming dense cottony or downy tufts, but never agglu-
tinated together to form compound stem-like structures.
Sect. I. Amerosporae. Sacc.
Conidia continuous ( = 1-celled, hence not septate), hyaline
or brightly coloured, subglobose or shortly cylindrical, not
elongated.
Subsect. 1. Micronemeae. Sacc.
Hyphae very short, scarcely to be distinguished from the
conidia.
Tribe 1. Chromosjponeae. Sacc.
Conidia not concatenate.
Tribe 2. Oosporeae. Sacc.
Conidia catenulate.
Subsect. 2. Macronemeae. Sacc.
Hyphae elongated, distinct from the conidia.
Tribe 3. Cejplialosporieae. Sacc.
Conidia produced in a head or cluster, not catenulate.
Tribe 4. Aspergilleae. Sacc.
Conidia capitate and catenulate.
272 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Tribe 5. Botrytideae. Sacc.
Conidia not capitulate, but vaguely iuserted on simple or
branched (not verticillate) hyphae.
Tribe 6. Verticillieae. Sacc.
Conidia terminal on branches or branchlets arranged in
a verticillate manner.
Tribe 7. Gonatohotryteae. Sacc.
Conidia springing from scattered, intercalary, swollen cells
of the hy phae.
Sect. II. Didymosporae. Sacc.
Conidia elliptical, oblong, or shortly fusoid, 1 -septate,
hyaline or brightly coloured.
Sect. III. Phragmosporae. Sacc.
Conidia oblong, fusoid, elongated, or vermicular, 2 or
many-septate, hyaline or brightly coloured.
Subsect. 1. Macronemeae. Sacc.
Hyphae evident, distinct from the conidia.
Tribe 8. Dadylieae. Sacc.
Saprophytes.
Tribe 9. Bamularieae. Sacc.
Parasites.
Subsect. 2. Micronemeae. Sacc.
Hyphae very short, scarcely distinct from the conidia.
rro
lIYniOMYCETES. 27
Tribe 10. Fusomeae. Sacc.
Conidiophores not inflated or only indistinctly so.
Tribe 11. Milowieae. Sacc.
Conidiophores about S-cellcd, the upper cell broadly
inflated.
Tribe 12. Scj)tocyluidricae. Sacc.
Conidia catenulate.
Sect. IV. Staurosporae. Sacc.
Conidia stellate, radiate or 3-furcate, hyaline or brightly
coloured, septate or continuous.
Sect. V. Helicosporae. Sacc.
Conidia spirally coiled, cylindrical, more or less perfectly
septate, hyaline or brightly coloured.
VOL. Ill,
CHROMOSPorjUM. 275
:^am. I. MUCEDINEAE. Liuk.
Sect. I. AMEPtOSrOliAE. Sacc.
Subsect. 1. Micronemeae. Sacc.
Trilte 1. Chromosporicae. Sacc.
CHKOMOSrORIUM. Corda. (fig. 15, p. 313.)
Hypliae at first creeping on the substratum, thin, soon
disappearing; conidia forming an eff'used, powdery layer,
bright coloured (not brown or blackish).
Chromosporium^Cda.; Sturm, Deutsch. Crypt., iii. 2, p. 119;
Sacc, Syll., vol. iv. p. 6.
When mature consisting of an efi'used powdery stratum of
bright-coloured conidia, with only traces of hyphae or none.
Analogous to the genus Coniosporium in the Dematieae.
Chromosporium lateritium, Sacc. (fig. 15, p. 313).
Eft used and forming a powder}* bright brick-red layer,
FIGURES ILLUSTRATING THE MUCEDINEAE.
Fig. 1, Oospora favor um ; — Fig. 2, Monilia aurea; — Fig. 3, Cylindrium
Cordae ; — Fig. 4, Oedocephalum laeticoJor, fertile head and free conidium ;
— Fig. 5, Oedocephalum Preussii, fruiting heads and a free conidium ; —
Fig. 6, Mliinotrichum niveum ; — Fig. 7. Botrijfis corolUgemim ; — Fig. 8,
Ovidaria veronicae ; — Fig. 9, Verticillium distans ; — Fig.^ 10, Spicaria
elegans ; — Fig. 11, Mycogone cervlna; — Fig. 12, Gonatobotrys flava ; —
Fig. 13, Nematogonium aurantiaciim ; — Fig. 14, Tricliothecium roseum; —
Fig. 15, Diplosporium album; — Fig. 16, Arthrobotrys rosea, and free coni-
dium;— Fig. 17, Didymaria Ungeri ; — Fig. IS, Bostrichonema alpestre : —
Fig. 19, Helicomyces tnbidosus, showing coiled septate conidium ; — Fig. 20,
Aspergillus glauciis; — Fig. 21, section of head of same: — Fig. 22, Penicil-
lium glaucum; — Fig. 23, Ceplialosporium acremonium, twining round a
black mould ; — Fig. 24, Dactylaria orchidis ; — Fig. 25, Dactylella implexa :
— Fig. 26, Eactylium dendroides; — Fig. 27, Ramularia pratensis: —
Fig. 28, Ramidaria hellehori. (The figures are highly magnified.)
T 2
276 EUNGUS-FLORA.
conidia globose or broadly obovate; wall thick, pale red,
6-7 or 6 X 8 /x.
Chromosporium laferifium, Sacc., S.yll., v. iv., n. 5.
Gijmnosporium lateritlum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n.
1903.
On bark. Kare.
When mature the conidia are globose, but are at first,
as is always the case, obovate, and sometimes in this con-
dition break away with a portion of the supporting hypha.
(Described from type in Herb. Beik., Kew.)
Chromosporium rubiginosum, Cke. & Mass.
Eust-coloured, in effused patches, pulverulent, conidia
profuse, elliptical, smooth, pale orange, 10 X 7-8 /x.
Chromosporium rubiginosum, Cke. & Mass., Grev., vol. xvi.
p. 78 (188). ^ _
Gijmnosporium rubiginosum, Carm. MS.
Forming orange-rust-coloured scattered patches on dead
leaves. Distinguished from C. lateritium by the larger
spores. (Described from type in Herb., Kew.)
MICEOSTKOMA. Niessl. (fig. 29, p. 313.)
Forming effused, plane, thin patches, fertile hyphae very
short, erect, densely crowded, colourless, aseptate ; conidia
acrogenous, elliptical, one-celled, colourless.
Microsiroma, Nies.sl, Mahr., Crypt. FL, p. 163; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. 9.
Mycelium creeping, giving origin to erect, densely crowded,
short, simple, or slightly branched conidiophores.
Forming scattered or efiused exceedingly thin patches on
fading leaves.
Microstroma album. Sacc. (fig. 29, p. 313.)
Patches minute, scattered or becoming confluent, very
thin, hypophyllous ; conidiophores subclavate, sometimes
with a tendency to become lobed at the apex, 20-25 /x long ;
conidia colourless elliptic oblong, sometimes slightly oblique,
5-7 X 2-0-3 /x
Microstroma album, Sacc, F. Ital., t. 863; Sacc, Syll., n. 17.
On fading oak leaves. Not uncommon.
MICROSTROMA — OOSPORA. 277
The present species appears to have been confounded with
Fiisidium griseum. Link so hopelessly that it is impossible
to give sjmonyms.
Forming very delicate whitish, filmy patches on the imder
surface of the leaves.
Tribe 2. Oosporeae. Sacc.
OOSPOEA. Wallr. (emend. Sacc.) (fig. 1, p. 274.)
Tufts effused or pulvinate, lax or rather compact ; fertile
hypha short, slender, simple or sparingly branched ; conidia
regularly concatenate, globose or elliptical, bright-coloured
or colourless.
Oospora, Wallr., Fl. Crypt., p. 182; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 11.
Characterised by the globose or broadly elliptical, bright-
coloured or colourless conidia being arranged in a con-
catenate or moniliform manner. Analogous with the genus
Torula in the Dematieae.
* Conidia colourless,
Oospora fasciculata. Sacc. & Yogi.
Tufts at first distinct, becoming confluent, white, then
greyish, fertile hyphae branched, ascending ; conidia con-
catenate, broadly elliptical.
Oospora fasciculata, Sacc, Syll., iv. 23.
Oidium fasciculatum, Berk., Eng. FL, p. 349 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
n. 1813.
On decaying oranges. Eare.
Oospora epilobii. Sacc. & Vogl.
Tufts white, effused, conidia broadly elliptical or globose,
forming long concatenate chains, colourless, 4 /a or 4 x o yu.
Oospora epilohii, Sacc, Syll., iv. 24.
Torula epilohii, Cda., Ic Fung., iv. p. 23, ser. vi. f. 75.
On living stems and leaves of various species of Epilohium,
Eare.
Forming very delicate bloom-like patches.
Oospora lactis. Sacc.
Tufts snow-white, velvety, membranaceous, sterile hyphae
278 FUNGUS-FLOE A.
densel}' interlaced, fertile ascending; conidia concatenate,
elliptic-oblong, 18-21 x 5-7, sometimes shorter subglobose
conidia occur in the chains.
Oospora lactis, Sacc, Syll., iv. 45.
Oiclium lactis, Fres., Beitr., p. 23.
On milk, cheese, &c. Not common.
Forming membianaceous, snow-white velvety patches that
sometimes spread for a considerable distance.
Oospora porriginis. Sacc.
Tufts rather effused, whitish, hyphae much interlaced,
aseptate; conidia colourless, concatenate, very irregular,
elliptical, triangular, cuboid, 3-7 /x.
Oospora porrigims, Sacc, Syll., iv. 46.
Oiclium porriginis, Berk. & Mont., Ann. Xat. Hist., n. 546 ;
Cke., Hdbk., n. 1814.
On Porrigo lupinosa. Not uncommon. (Type in Herb.
Berk., Kew.)
Oospora pulmonea. Sacc.
Hyphae branched, septa rare, variable in thickness,
5-10 /x; conidia concatenate, elliptical or subglobose, 5-10 /x,
colourless.
Oospora pulmonea, Sacc, Syll., iv. 47.
Oiclium pulmoneum, Bennett. In the sputum of people
affected with consumption.
Oospora aequivoca. Sacc. & Yogi.
Tufts very minute, chains of conidia simple, erect, conidia
elongated, pointed at each end, colourless, 11-12 fx thick.
Oospora aerpiivoca, Sacc, Syll., iv. 53.
Odium aequivocum, B. & Br., Ann. Kat. Hist., n. 821 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., n. 1816.
On Pohjporus Schveinifzii. Eare. Tufts almost invisible
to the naked eye.
Oospora candidula. Sacc
Tufts effused, pure white, thin ; sterile hyphae creeping,
filiform ; fertile erect, simple or forked, 30 X 3 /x, continuous,
hyaline ; conidia in long chains, ovate-oblong, 5-6 X 3 />i,
hyaline.
Oospora candidula, Sacc, Fung. Ital., 880.
oospoRA. 279
On Tuhercidaria vulgaris, Nectrla cinnaharina, and tho
adjacent bark. (Grove.)
** Conidia yellow.
Oospora favorum. Sacc. & Yogi. (fig. 1, p. 274.)
Tufts minute, white, unconspicuous, liyphae branched,
intertwined, septate, fertile branches erect bearing short
chains of yellow, subglobose conidia, 4-5 jx.
Oospora favor urn, Sacc, tSyll., iv. 83.
Oidiiim favorum, B & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 762, t. 16,
f. 14; Cke., Hdbk., n. 1815.
On honey-comb. Kare. (T^'pe in Herb. Berk., Kew.)
An examination of type specimen shows the conidia
subglobose and concatenate in short chains. When quite
young the conidia are filiform.
Oospora microsperma. Sacc. & Vogl.
Tufts minute, scattered, equal, yellowish-ochre, hyphae
branched, septate, radiating, conidia in chains, subglobose,
pale 3^ellow, 4-5 jx.
Ooespora microsperma^ Sacc, Syll., iv. 84.
Oidium. microspermum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1387.
On bark of fir. Eare.
Tufts about h line across, gregarious, numerous. (Type
in Herb. Berk., Kew.)
-***
Conidia rose-colour^ red, or orange.
Oospora rosella. Grove.
HyiDliae fasciculate, at length effused, long, erect, then
effused, branched, 2-3 /x thick, aseptate, hyaline ; conidia
concatenate in rather long simple chains, ros}', elliptical,
apiculate at both ends, 10 X 4 /z.
Oospora rosella, Grove, Journ. Bot., n.s., vol. xiv. p. 163;
Sacc, Syll., iv. 63.
On horse-dung. Eare.
Tufts^ i-1 mm. high, becoming confluent. Allied to
0. fasciculata, but distinguished by the colour of the
conidia.
280 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Oospora aurantia. Sacc. & Vogl.
Tufts irregular, scattered, becoming confluent, tliick and
spong}", pale orange; hyphae branched, sejitate, 6-8 /x, thick,
conidia concatenate, chains simple or branched, conidia
broadly elliptical, 7 x 5 /x or 6-7 /x, pale orange.
Oospora aurantia, Sacc, Syll., iv. 81.
Oidium auraniium, Cke., Grev.
On spent hops. Eare.
Forming broadly extending patches formed by the blending
of several originally independent tufts ; clear pale orange,
becoming much paler when old. (Type in Herb., Kew.)
Oospora Crustacea. Sacc.
Tufts at first orbicular, becoming confluent, velvety, bright
orange or vermilion ; chains of conidia long, often curved,
orange-vermilion, conidia cuboid globose, 6-8 jx.
Oospora Crustacea, Sacc, Syll., iv. 72.
Torida sporendonema, Cke., Hdbk., n. 1426.
On cheese, glue, &c. Kot uncommon.
Often forming broadly effused orange-vermilion patches
that become crustaceous when old.
**** Conidia fulvous or hroicnisli.
Oospora fulva. Sacc & Yogi.
Tufts dense, often broadly effused, velvety, at first
whitish, becoming fulvous; conidia concatenate, fusiform,
fulvous, 8-11 X o /x.
Oospora fulva, Sacc, Syll., iv., 85,
Oidium fulvum, Link.
On rotten wood. Eare.
Often forming patches extending for several inches.
Oospora fusca. Grove.
Forming a clear brown powder, which often covers the
whole exterior and disc of the host; chains of conidia at first
erect, but soon becoming depressed and intricate ; conidia
fusiform, clear ochraceous-brown, 6-8 X 3 "5-4 /x, reaching
even 10 x 5 /x.
Oospora fusca, Grove, Journ. Bot. (1885), p. 164, tab. 257,
f. 1.
Atysidium fuscum, Bor., Hdbk., p. 35, f. 13.
FUSIDICM. 281
On Bulgaria inguinans, the spores are not only much
smaller, but also paler and more hyaline than those of
Oidium fiilvum, Link, and of a different colour. (Grove.;
***** Conidia grey or blackish,
Oospora inaequalis. Cke. & Mass.
Effused, like a very thin pale grey bloom ; conidia very
unequal in size and form, globose to elliptical, united in
short, simple or branched curved threads, hyaline, from
5 fx diameter, to 10 x o /jl.
On culms of bamboo. Kew.
Oospora abortifaciens. Sacc. & Vogl.
Spots at first very minute and scattered, becoming effused
and often confluent; mycelium thin, fertile hyphae erect,
very slender, unbranched ; conidia in chains, broadly ellip-
tical, grey, 5-6 X 4 /x, falling away and forming a dark grey
powder.
Oospora abortifaciens, Sacc, Sjdl., iv. 101.
Oidium abortifaciens. Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 545.
In the upper portion of the ovary of various grasses, said
to occur also in the ovary of Silene gallica.
FUSIDIUM. Link. (fig. 18, p. 313.)
Hyphae short, simple. Conidia fusiform, concatenate,
bright coloured or colourless.
Fusidium, Link, Berl. Mag. (1809), iii. p. 8 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 25. Forming usually exceedingly thin films; the chains
of fusiform conidia with pointed ends mark the genus.
Fusidiuin viride. Grove, (fig. 18, p. 313.)
Forming bright deep green elliptical spots ; mycelium
white, thinly effused ; conidia concatenate, chains long,
variously intertwined; conidia exactly fusiform, straight,
both ends acute, pale green, 10 x 3 /x.
Fusidium viride, Grove, Journ. Bot. (1885), p. 164, t. 257,
f. 2; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 103.
On dead stems of Heracleum. Spots sub-elliptical, 1-1 i cm.
long, of a pleasing saturated green like a Conferva. (Grove.)
282 rUXGUS-FLORA.
Fusidium griseum. Link.
Forming small isolated patches, wliicli usually combine to
form broadly extending, extremely thin films, mycelium very
thin, evanescent ; conidia concatenate, fusiform, colourless,
G-7 X I'Dfx.
Fusidium griseum, Link., Obs., i. p. G; Sacc, Syll., iv. 105.
On dead dry oak and beech leaves. Xot common.
Sometimes covering the greater part of the under surface
of the leaf. Care must be taken not to confound the present
species with Cylindrinum griseum, Bon., a much commoner
mould on dead leaves, and presenting a similar superficial
appearance.
Fusidium asteris. P. & P.
Tufts crowded in the centre, scattered at the margin ;
conidia emerging from the leaves in clusters, cylindrical,
25 ^ long, intermixed with mycelial threads.
Fusidium asteris, Plow. & Phill., Grev. ; Sacc, Syll.,
n. 125.
On both sides of dying leaves of Aster trijwlium.
Fusidium deutziae. Cooke,
Forming small, powdery, convex, flesh-coloured tufts on
under surface of the leaves; conidia fusiform, straight
hyaline, continuous, 18-20 x 3-4 //, seated on very short
conidiophores.
Fusidium deutziae, Cke., Grev., v. IG, p. 48.
On fadino; leaves of Deutzia.
'O
Fusidium sulpliureum. Link, is stated in Cooke's list of
British Hyphomycetes to have occurred at Appin, X.B. An
examination of Carmichael's specimen, now in the Kew
Herbarium, shows it to be Cijlindrium flavo-virens^ Ditm.
Fusidium. lycotropum. Pr.
White, thinly effused ; conidia curved like a horse-
shoe, hyaline, fusiform, obtuse at each end, 2-4 guttulate,
18-20 X 3 /x, the two inner guttulae almost always very
large.
Fusidium lycotrojmm. Pr., St. Deutschl. Fl., xxix. 57, t. 29;
Grove, Journ. Bot. (1886), p. 10.
MONILIA. 283
On rotten stem of Carduus j^cilttstris.
The conidia are bent so as sometimes to form nearly a
complete circle, 7-8 /x diameter. I was nnable to observe
them concatenate, so that the genus is rather dul)ious.
(Grove.)
MONILIA. Pers. (emended), (fig. 2, p. 274.)
HyjDhae erect, irregularly branched, generally forming
dense tufts, rarely effused, j^roducing here and there sub-
erect, minutely toothed conidiophores giving origin to
conidia arianged in a moniliform or concatenate manner.
Monilia, Pers., emended by Saccardo, Mich., ii. p. 17 (not of
Fries).
Usually forming dense tufts. Closely resembling Oospora,
and distinguished more especially b^^ the more copious
development of m3'celium. The conidiophores are often
furnished with minute tooth-like projections varying from
2-5 in number, each of which produces a chain of conidia,
so that there is a tendency on the part of the chains to
become fasciculate.
Monilia aurea. Genel. (fig. 2, p. 274.)
Tufts pulvinate. compact, yellow, hyphae ascending, simple
or scantily and vaguely branched, septate, 7-8 /x thick, at
and near the apex giving origin to minute spicules from
which the short chains of conidia spring; conidia lemon-
shaped rather abruptly'- attenuated at each end, yellow,
18-21 X 10-12 /x.
Monilia aurea, Sacc, Syll., iv. 149.
On bark, mosses, &c. Pare.
Tufts pulvinate (cushion-shaped), up to j in. across, pure
yellow or with an ochraceous tinge.
Monilia fructigena. Pers.
Tufts compact, pulvinate, often growing in circles and
becoming confluent, white, then dingy ochraceous red,
hyphae branched ; chains of conidia long, often variously
branched ; conidia elliptic-oblong, rather variable, colourless
then tinged dull red, 19-26 X 10-12 /x.
28 i FUNGUS-FLORA.
Monilia friictigena, Pers., Syn., p. 693 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 157.
On various fruits. Common.
Forming dense tomentose tufts.
Monilia caespitosa. Purton.
Hyphae tufted, branched in a racemose manner; chains
of globose conidia terminal and lateral.
Monilia cae.^pitosa, Purton.
Monilia racemosa, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 163.
On putrid substances.
A doubtful species that has not been seen of late years.
Monilia pruinosa. C. & M.
Forming a broadly effused thin white pruinose stratum,
hyphae flexuous, elongated, septate, 10-12 /x thick, irregu-
larly branched ; conidia in short chains, subglobose or
elliptical, smooth, hyaline, 14-15 X 12 yu.
Monilia p'uinosa, Cke. and Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 78.
On fadinc; leaves of Caladium.
'O
CYLIXDEIUM. Bon. (fig. 3, p. 274.)
Hyphae very short, hardly distinct from the conidia.
Conidia concatenate, cylindrical, elongated, ends obtuse,
colourless or brightly coloured. Patches thin, plane, slightly
pulverulent.
Cylindrium, Bonordau, Hdbk. Myk., p. 34; emended by
Sacc, Mich., ii. p. 14; Sacc, Syll., 36.
Distinguished by the scanty mycelium and the elongated
cylindrical 1, concatenate conidia with blunt ends, this dif-
ference in shape of conidia distinguishes between the
present genus and Fusidium, where the conidia are fusiform
(spindle-shaped).
Cylindrium Cordae. Sacc. (fig. 3, p. 274.)
Tufts white, very thin, slightly pulverulent ; conidia cylin-
drical, tips abruptly truncate, colourless, 28-33 x 3-4 /x.
Cylindrium Cordae^ Sacc, Sjdl., iv. n. 169.
On dead oak leaves. Not uncommon.
Forming exceedingly thin white pileus on the leaf.
CYLINDRIUM — GEOTRICHUM. 285
Cylindrium flavo-virens. Bon.
Tufts thin, plane, yellowish-green ; conidia cylindric-
fusiform, sometimes curved, both ends blunt, 14—15 x 3-3 • 5 fx.
Cylindrium Jlavo-virens, Bon., Hdbk., p. 34; Sacc., Syll.,
iv. n. 171.
On fallen leaves of oak, beech, &c.
Cylindrium heteronemum. Sacc.
Tufts thin, small, white ; conidiophores not septate, simple
or rarely forked above ; conidia rather variable in form, cylin-
drical with blunt ends or fusoid, 15-40 X 3-4 /x, colourless.
Cylindrium heteronemum^ Sacc, Syll., iv. 177.
On wood and dunoj. Eare.
Intermediate in form of conidia between Fusidium and
Cylindrium.
POLYSCYTALUM. Riess. (fig. 21, p. 313.)
Hyphae scanty, slightly branched, hyaline or smoky ;
conidia slender, c^dindrical, truncate at both ends, con-
catenate.
Polyscytalum, Riess, Bot. Ztg., 1853, p. 138; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. p. 38.
Polyscytalum fungorum. Sacc. (fig. 21, p. 313.)
Tufts consisting of h^-phae that are fasciculate at the
base, brownish, colourless above, and running off into long,
slender chains of conidia, that measure 10-18 X 3, hyaline,
cylindrical, truncate at both ends.
Polyscytalum fang orum, Sacc, Syll., 1622.
On Nyctalis parasiticae.
The conidia! stage of Hypomyces asterosporiis.
GEOTRICHUM. Link. (fig. 17, p. 313.)
Mycelium creeping, fertile branches or conidiophores
ascending, septate; conidia shortly cylindrical with both
ends truncate, colourless, chains of conidia short.
Geotrichum, Link, Obs., i. p. 53 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 39.
Distinguished from Cylindrium by the presence of creeping,
interwoven mycelium, and the shortly cylindrical conidia
with truncate ends.
286 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Geotrichum candidum. Link. (fig. 17, p. 313.)
Tufts i)ulvinate, white, rather powdery; sterile hj-phae
creeping, somewhat continuous : fertile ascending, short ;
conidia cylindrical, truncate at both ends, 5-10 X 4, hyaline.
Geotrichum candidum. Link, Ohs., i. p. 15; Sacc, SylL,
n. 183.
On the naked ground, also on damp, rotten paper,
hones, &c.
Geotrichum roseum. Grove.
Hyphae creeping, white, interwoven ; conidia pale rose-
coloured, concatenate, shortly cylindrical, ends truncate,
16-30 X 9-10 fjL or sometimes longer.
Geotriclium roseum. Grove, Journ. Bot., tab. 206, f. 8 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 185.
Forming dense small, round or ohlong rosy spots at the
base of a species of Juncus.
OIDIUM. Link (emended), (fig. 8, p. 313.)
Growing on living plants. Mycelium creeping, conidio-
phores erect, sub-sinijDle ; chains of .conidia soon breaking
up ; conidia rather large, elliptical, colourless or coloured.
Oidium, Link, emended by Saccardo, Mich., ii. p. 15;
Sacc, Syll., 40.
Develoj)ing on living plants, chiefly on the leaves. Many
species have been proved to be the conidial condition of
ascigerons fungi belonging to the Perisjwriaceae.
1. On Dicotiilcdons.
Oidium erysiphoides. Fr.
Broadty effased, indeterminate, white; tufts conspicuous,
rosy-white ; hyphae almost erect, very slender ; conidia
ovate, oblong, pellucid, internally granular, 30-45 X 13-20 ft.
Oidium erysiplioides, Fries, Svst. Mycol., iii. p. 432 ; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 180.
On living leaves of various plants. The conidial phase of
a species of Erysiplie.
Oidium leucoconium. Desra. (fig. 8, p. 313.)
Tufts broadly effused, white ; hyphae creeping with short,
erect, fertile branchlets ; conidia elliptical, 20-30 x 13-16 /x.
oiDiu:\r. 287
OicUiim leucoconium^ Desmaz., Ann. Sci. Nat., 1829, xiii.
p. 102, t. 6, f. 1-2 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 190.
On stems, leaves, and calyces of ciiltivated and wild roses.
The conidial condition of S^phaerotheca 2JC(iiiiosa.
Oidium Tuckeri. Berk.
Tufts small, densely gregarious, often confluent and
forming broad white patches of a loose, open texture, whitish,
becoming dingy ; sterile hyi-)hae with lobedhaustoria, ending
in short, suberect, colourless conidiophores ; conidia elliptical
or oblong, ends obtuse, in short chains of 2-3, 25-30 x 15-17,
granular within, hyaline.
Oidium Tucheri, Berk., in Gard. Chron,, 1847, p. 779 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 191.
On living leaves and fruit of vine.
Oidium farinosum. Cooke.
White, mealy, efiused, covering the young leaves and
twigs as if dusted with flour; threads simple, breaking up
into elliptical, truncate joints or conidia, which are smooth,
28-30 X 12 /x.
Oidium farinosum, Cooke, Grev., xvi. p. 10.
On living leaves and twigs of apple.
Oidium erumpens. Cke. & Mass.
Tufts greyish- white, erumpent, rather compact, becoming
dark-coloured with age, formed on the under surface of the
leaves; conidia subglobose, at first rather quadrate, due to
mutual pressure, concatenate, hyaline, 5 x 7 /x. On short
stout conidiophores.
Oidium eruinpens, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 49.
On living leaves of Bivea lujpocrateriformis.
Oidium. chrysanthem.i. Eab.
Effused, white ; sterile hyphae creeiDing, aseptate, hyaline ;
conidia in long chains, elliptic-oblong, rounded at both ends,
granular inside, hyaline, 40-50 X 20-25 /x.
Oidium Chrysanthemi, Kabenh., Hedw., i. p. 19, t. 3, f. 1 ;
Sacc, Syll., no. 199.
On leaves of cultivated species of Chrysanthemum.
Oidium. aceris. Eabach.
Densely caespitose, whitish with a red tinge ; conidia
ovoid or broadly ovate, often truncate, 25-45 x 8-12 /x.
288 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Oidium aceris, Eabacli., Flora, 1854, p. 207 ; Sacc, Syll.,
n. 207.
On living leaves of Acer j^seiidojjlatanus.
The conidial stage of Uncinula hicornis.
Oidium mespilinum. Thiim.
Tufts lax, broadly effused like a delicate cobweb on tbe
upper surface of the leaf, pure white ; hyphae short, simple,
without septa, hyaline ; conidia obovately-elliptical, both
ends obtuse, simple, in chains of 2-3, hyaline or very pale
grey, 10 X 6 /x.
Oidium mespilinum, Thiim., Fungh. Litor, n. 249 ; Sacc,
Sylh, n. 208,
On living leaves of medlar (Mespilus germanica).
Oidium pactolinum.. Cooke.
Thinly effused, golden-tawny ; hyphae very short, scarcely
conspicuous ; conidia subglobose, white in chains truncate at
the points of contact, at length when free globose, filled with
subgranular golden endochrome, 10 ju, diameter.
Odium pactolinum, Cooke, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 209.
On living jasmine leaves in a hothouse.
Oidium balsamii. Mont.
Forming a very delicate, white cobweb-like film, often
broadly eifnsed and minutely j^owdery from the conidia ;
sterile hyphae creeping, vaguely branched, sparingly septate,
slender; chains of conidia elongated, conidia elliptical and
truncate at both ends (barrel-shaped), hyaline, 15-22 x
8-1 0/x.
Oidium halsamii, Mont., in B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 763
(name only).
On living leaves of various species of mullein ( Verhascum).
The above description is from Montague's specimen in
Berk. Herb., Kew.
II. On Monocotijledons.
Oidium m.onilioides. Link.
Tufts broadly effused, ochraceous-white ; conidia forming
moniliform chains, elliptical, white or dirty white, hyaline,
25-30 X 8-10 /x.
OEDOCEPHALUM. 289
Oidiiim monilioideSj Link, sp. pi. p. 122; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 219.
On the liviniT leaves and culms of various orrasses. The
conidial stage uf Erysiphe graminis.
Subsect. 2. Macronemeae. Sacc.
Tribe 3. Ceplialosporieae. Sacc.
OEDOCEPHALUM. Preuss. (figs. 4, 5, p. 274.)
Sterile hyphae scanty; creeping; fertile hyphae erect,
simple, gregarious, apex swollen and rough with minute
point-like projections, to which the conidia are attached ;
very slightly or not at all areolate; conidia sessile, con-
tinuous, globose or oblong, hyaline or bright coloured.
Oedoceplialum^ Preuss, Fung. Hoyersvv., n. 100; Sacc,
Syll., iv. p. 47.
Distinguished from Wiopalomyces in the swollen apex of
the fertile hyphae not being broken up into polygonal
jjortions.
Oedocephalum roseum. Cooke.
Forming effused rose-coloured tufts ; fertile hyphae short,
simple, septate, heads subglobose; conidia broadly elliptical
with a basal apiculus, colourless, smooth, 11-14 X 8-10 /a.
Oedoceplialum roseum^ Cooke, Grev., i. p. 184, t. 22, f. 8 ;
Sacc, Syll., 226.
On paper and old cloth, &c.
Individual tufts almost invisible to the naked eye, but
gregarious, and forming extended patches.
Oedocephalum laeticolor. B. & Br. (fig. 4, p. 274.)
Very minute, brick-red with a rosy tinge ; fertile hyphjie
equal, pallid, apex inflated, not 1 mm. high ; heads sub-
globose, conidia subglobose or broadly elliptical, apiculato
at the base, minutely warted, 15-20 X 9-12 /x.
Oedocephalum laeticolor^ B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no.
1056, t. 14, f. 12 ; Sacc, Syll., 228.
On dung of sheep.
VOL. III. U
290 FUNGTJS-FLOrtA.
Oedocephalum Preussii. Sacc. (fig. 5, p. 27-i.)
Loosely gregarious; fertile hypliae erect, base Lulbous,
"becoming a little thinner upwards, apex broadly pyriform
or nearly globose ; heads globose, white ; conidia colourless,
broadly elliptical or nearly globose, apiculute at the base,
10 X 7-8 /x.
Oedoccplialum Preussii, Sacc, Syll., iv. no. 233.
On decaying leaves, stems, &c.
Oedocephalum sulfureum. C. & M.
Tufts hemispherical, often confluent, sulphur-coloured;
threads septate, branching in a dichotomous manner, swollen
into a globose, papillate vesicle at the apex; conidia globose,
hyaline, smooth, 3-5 fx diem.
Oedocephalum sulfureum, Cooke and Massee, Grev., 17, p. 3.
On damj) decaying rope.
PiHOPALOMYCES. Corda. (figs. 19, 20, p. 274.)
Sterile hyphae scanty, creeping ; fertile hyphae erect,
simple or rarely furcate, apex inflated into a globose or
broadly obovate vesicle which is distinctly areolate ; conidia
elliptical, continuous, not concatenate, hyaline or slightly
coloured, supported on papillae occupj'ing the centre of the
areolae.
Rlioimlomyces, Corda, Prachtflora, p. 3; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 50.
Distinguished by the w^alls of the vesiculose heads of the
erect, fertile hyphae being divided into distinct polygonal
portions, each of which has a papilla at its centre that bears
a conidium.
Rhopalomyces candidus. B. & Br.
"vVhitc ; sterile hyphae obsolete ; fertile hyphae erect,
simple ; vesicular head globose are broadly obovate, dis-
tinctly areolate ; conidia minute, elliptical, 8 x ^5 /x.
miopalomyces candidus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 505,
t. V. f. 3 ; Sauc. SylL, iv. n. 240.
On decaying vegetable matter.
RHOPALOMYCES— BOTRYOSPORIU]M. 291
Rhopalomyces elegans. Corcla.
Fertile hyphae erect, aseptate, colourless, vesicles splierical,
distinctly hexagonally areolate, centre of the areolae
papillate ; conidia elliptic-oblong, hyaline then tinged with
brown, 35-40 X 18 /x.
BJiopalomijces elegans, Corda, Prachtflora, p. 3, t. ii.; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 239.
On decaying herbaceous stems, &c.
Rhopalomyces pallidus. B. & Br. (figs. 19, 20,
p. 274.)
Pale fawn-colour, effused, fertile hyphae forked, flexuous ;
conidia minute, supported on the papillae occupying the
centre of the areolae, 10 x 6 /x.
Mhopalomijces ccrvinus, B. & Br., Ann. Xat. Hist., n. 504,
t. V. f. 2 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 241.
On decayed Kus.sian matting. Broadly effused, forming
fawn-coloured, subfurfuraceous patches.
BOTKYOSPOEIUM. Corda. (figs. 3, 4, p. 358.)
Mycelium creeping ; fertile hyphae, ascending, septate,
simple or branched, and furnished with numerous short
lateral branches; tips of the short lateral branchlets each
bearing a globose head of spores that are produced on
minute spine-like spicules present at the tip of the
branchlet; conidia colourless, the heads soon dispersing.
Each spicule bears a cluster of spores, the whole forming
the head.
Botryosporium, Corda, Anl., p. 53 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 54.
Botryosporiura diffusum. Corda. (figs. 3, 4, p. 358.)
Fertile hyphae long, ascending, often more or less forked,
septate, colourless, bearing numerous scattered short branch-
lets of equal length, each with 3-4 spicules at the tip, each
of these spicules bears a cluster of conidia, the whole forming
a globose head. Conidia broadly ellipsoid or globose,
colourless.
Botrjjosporium diffusum^ Corda, in Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 265.
On rotten wood, branches, leaves, &c.
u 2
292 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Botryosporium pulchrum. Corda.
Tufts lax, broadly effused, white ; fertile branches long,
simple or forked, with numerous scattered short branchlets
of about equal length arranged in a racemose manner ; each
branchlet bears at its apex five short spicules or conidio-
phores, each of which in turn bears a cluster of conidia, the
whole framing a globose head. Conidia colourless, broadly
elliptical.
Bofryosporium pulchrum, Corda, Prachtflora, t. xix. ; Sacc,
Syll, iv. n. 266.
On stems of herbaceous plants
CEPHALOSPOEIUM. Corda. (fig. 23, p. 27-i.)
Primary hyphae long, creeping and producing numerous
erect, scattered short branchlets at intervals ; these branch-
lets are of nearly equal length, and each bears at its tip a
globose head of conidia.
CepJialosporium, Corda, AnL, p. 61; Sacc, Sjdl., p. 56;
Grove, Journ. Bot., t. 257, f. 3.
Distinguished from Botryosporium hy the creeping primary
hyphae, and also by the absence of distinct conidiophores at
the tips of the branchlets. Differs from Acremonium in the
capitate spores.
Cephalosporium acremonium. Corda. (fig. 23,.
p. 274.)
Tufts dense, rather cottony, at first white, then pale rose;
primary branches creeping, secondary erect, not septate,.
40-50 X 3 yut; terminal heads of conidia globose, 8-10 /x
diameter ; conidia colourless, elliptic-oblong ; for a long
time remaining in clusters, 4—5 x 2 /a.
Cephalosporium acremonium, Corda, Icones Fungorum, iii..
p. 11, f. 29; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 270.
On stems of Buhus, Heracleum, on rotting wood and a
Myxomycete. Heads round, pure white, about 10-12 /x diam.,
but varying in size from age. The long creeping stems are
sometimes suberect ; the branches often once, sometimes
twice forked, 30-40 /x high or more. Corda describes the
spores as assuming a rosy tint, which no other author has
PAPULOSPORA— GLIOCLADIUM. 293
observed. My specimens belong rather to Penzig's form,
but scarcely differ from Corda's figure, except in the more
oblong spores. (Grove.)
PAPULOSPORA. Preuss. (figs. 1, 2, p. 358.)
Sterile hyphae creeping, effused, septate ; fertile branches
or conidio]3hores ascending, septate, bearing at the tip a
head of conidia that does not readily separate into its
component conidia. Conidia globose or elliptical, colourless
or coloured.
Paj)ulospora, Preuss, Fl. Hoyers., n. 40; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 58.
The head of conidia, as described above, is considered by
some authors to be a single many-celled conidium.
Papulospora sepedonioides. Preuss. (figs. 1, 2,
p. 358.)
Sterile hyphae effused, branched, septate, interwoven,
brownish-rust colour ; conidio2:)hores colourless, septate,
bearing at the tip a cluster of agglutinated conidia forming
a red head ; conidia oblong, 10-15/x long.
Papulospora sepedonioides, Preuss, Fl. Hoyers w., n. 40 ;
Sacc, SvlL, n. 282.
On decaying cabbage stalks, rotten apples, &c.
GIJOCLADIUM. Corda.
Stem erect, septate, penicillate above, branches and
branchlets septate, crowned by a common gelatinous head.
Conidia acrogenous, irregularly heaped together, simple,
with a gelatinous coat.
Gliocladium, Corda, Icon. Fung., iv. p. 31 ; Grove, Journ.
Bot., vol. xxiii. p. 10.
Differs fiom Penicillium in the spores being produced
singly, not in chains, but remaining united in the mucous
substance simultaneously excreted. (Grove.)
Gliocladium penicillioides, Corda.
Tufts minute, punctiform, white ; stems erect, flexuous,
thickened above, white ; branches opposite, branchlets
294 FUNGUS-FLOKA.
whorlecl, qnaternate, crowded ; head of conidia globose^
white ; conidia 5*5 /x long, eonglutinate, oblong, surrounded
by a thick gelatinous stratum.
Gliodadium imiicillioides, Corda, Icon. Fung., iv. p. 31^
pi. vii. fig. 92 ; Grove, Journ. Bot., vol. xxiii. p. 10.
On the hymenium of an old Stereum (probably hirsutum).
The gelatinous heads of neighbouring stems unite, even
15-20 being thus bound together into one large common
head. The resemblance of the Gliodadium to Penicillium is-
striking, but I could not a^certain that the spores were ever
in chains in my specimens, and the abundant gelatinous,
secretion of the former is a marked feature, which Mr.
Plowright informs me that he did not notice in the conidia
of the IIyi)omyces figured in " Grevillea." I could not
perceiv^e in my spores the gelatinous coat which Corda
figures ; they measured 5 X 2 /x, and w^ere extremely abun-
dant. The stems were thrice bi- tri-chotamous, the branchlets
being parallel and appressed. (Grove.)
Considered to be the conidial stage of Sypomyces aureo-
nitens.
Gliodadium lignicolum. Grove.
Hyphae gregarious or fjisciculate, erect, equal, 3-4 septate,,
hyaline, apex penicillate di- tri-chotamous ; head of conidia
^vhite, globose or obovate ; conidia involved in mucus,,
oblong ovoid, 2-2 • 5 x 1 * 5 /x.
Gliodadium lignicolum, Grove, Journ. Bot, vol. xxiii. p. 11.
On wood.
Perhaps a variety of Gliodadium penicillioides, from which,
it differs in the conidia being only half the length, and the
habitat different. (Grove.)
TEICHODERMA. Pers. (emend.) (fig. 26, p. 313.)
Mycelium or sterile hyphae in plane, compact tufts,
fertile branches ascending, tj^pically 2-3 times forked, tips.
not inflated, but bearing a head of minute colourless or
coloured conidia.
Tridioderma, Persoon, Disp. Fung., p. 12 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 59.
TEICHODERMA — ASPERGILLUS. 295
Trichoderma lignorum. Harz. (fig. 26, p. 313.)
Tufts pulviuate, more or less circular, rather compact,
then efiused, at first white, then from the centre becoming
entirely verdigris-green, here and there j-ellowish ; hyphae
very slender, not septate; fertile ascending, forking into
2-3 branches; conidia globose, minute, green, 3 /x diam.,
collected into a small head.
Trichoderma lignorum (Tode), Harz, Einig. Hyph., p. 29,
t. iv., f. 6; Sacc, Syll., n. 284.
TricJioderma viride, Pcrs., Syn., p. 230.
On bark, wood, rotten leaves, &c.
The conidial stage of Hypocrea rufa.
Tribe 4. AspergiUeae. Sacc.
ASPERGILLUS. Micheli. (figs. 20, 21, p. 274.)
Mycelium creeping, efi'used, septate ; fertile hyphae or
conidiophores erect, inflated and vesioulose at the tip, the
vesiculose portion giving origin to numerous radiating
chains of gonidia.
Aspergillus, Mich., Nov. PI. Gen., 212; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 64.
The sterigmata borne by the inflated head are often
reduced to minute points. Many species are known to be
the conidial stage of higher fungi. The mycelium of some
species forms sclerotia.
* Glaucous or greenish.
Aspergillus glaucus. Link. (figs. 20, 21, p. 274.)
Hyphae creeping, floccose, branched, indistinctly septate,
uncoloured ; fertile erect, simple, almost without septa,
hyaline or with a glaucous tinge, the apeix inflated into a
vesicle covered with minute cylindrical sterigmata or
conidiophores each bearing a chain of conidia ; conidia
globose, slightly asperulate, hyaline, then glaucous, 8-10 /x
diam.
Aspergillus glaucus, Link, sp. pi., Eung., i. p. 67 ; Sacc,
Syll., n. 304.
296 - FUNGUS-FLORA.
On fruit, brandies, leaves, and all kinds of decaying
organic matter.
The conidial condition of Eiirotium herbariorum.
Aspergillus griseus. Link.
Mycelium eifused, grey, branched and interwoven,
sjiaringly septate ; fertile hyphae erect, septate, head club-
shaped or nearly globose, small, grt-y; basidia cylindrical,
minute ; conidia ia chains, globose, 2-3 yu. diameter.
Aspergillus glaiicus, Link, sp. pi., Fung., i. p. G9 ; Sacc,
SylL, iv. p. 306.
On fruit and various decaying substances.
Yar. fenestrale, Link ; mycelium radiating in a den-
dritic manner; Sacc, SylL, iv. 306.
Byssocladium fenestrale, Link.
On glass.
Aspergillus virens. Link.
Mycelium creeping, branched; fertile ascending, slender,
300-500 X 10 /x, very sparingly septate, apex inflated,
green ; conidia in chains, globose, greenish, 3 /x diameter.
Aspergillus virens, Link, Obs., i. p. 14; Sacc, SylL, iv.
n. 309.
On decaying wasps' nests and other putrifying organic
substances.
** Whitish.
Aspergillus candidus. Link.
Mycelium creeping, white ; fertile branches erect, gre-
garious, white, without septa as a rule, 150-200 X 4-5 /x,
apex inflated ; chains of conidia colourless ; conidia globose,
2-3 jx diam.
Aspergillus candidus, Link, sp. pi., Fungi, i. p. 65 ; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 315.
On fungi, dried plants, &c.
The white colour and small conidia distinguish the present
species from A. glaucus.
Aspergillus mollis. Berk.
Forming minute, scattered, whitish spots ; mycelium
branched, septate, interwoven, fertile hyphae erect, branched.
ASPERGILLUS. 297
heads clavate, conidia in chains, colourless, globose, 5 /t
diameter.
Aspergillus mollis, Berk., Engl. FL, vol. v. p. 340 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 340.
On dead leaves.
*** Beddish,
Aspergillus roseus. Link.
Mycelium scanty, creeping ; fertile branches erect, simple,
without septa, head globose, conidia catenulate, pale rose-
coloured, globose, 3 fi diameter.
Aspergillus roseus, Link, as determined by Berkeley in
Eng. EL, V. p. 340 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 320.
On damp paper, linen, &c.
Scarcely visible during the vegetative stage, but showing
as pale rose-coloured patches when in fruit.
**** Yellowish or tawny.
Aspergillus flavus. Link.
Mycelium white, spreading in a cobweb-like manner;
fertile branches erect, in loose tufts, tips globose, becoming
yellowish; conidia in chains, globose, yellowish, very
minutely warted, 5-7 fx diameter.
Aspergillus flavus, Link, Obs., p. 14; Sacc, Syll., iv. n.
328.
On dried plants in herbaria, and on various organic
substances.
Aspergillus spiralis. Grove.
Sterile hyphae, septate, spirally contorted, branched, inter-
woven, citrin-yellow; fertile hyphae yellow, erect, not septate,
once or twice forked above, tips subclavate ; steriginata
obovate or oblong, constricted in the middle, 20-30 x 10 /x;
conidia obovate then globose, smooth, yellow, 10-12 /x,
diameter.
Aspergillus spiralis, Grove, Journ. Bot. 1885, p. 164, t. 257,
f. 5 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 332.
On the cork of a bottle containing a solution of carmine
in ammonia.
298 FUNGUS-FLORA.
The mycelium, spirally contorted, also the lower portion
of the fertile hyphae, and the latter sometimes flexuous up
to the apex.
***** Brownish.
Aspergillus nigricans. Cooke.
Fertile hyphae erect, colourless, simple, not septate, apex
inflated into a globose vesicle ; Bterigmata linear ; conidia
in chains, globose, smoke-coloured, o /x diameter.
Aspergillus nigricans, Cooke, Journ. Quekett Micr. Club,
1885, p. 3, pi. 9, f. 3 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 337.
In meatus auditorius of human ear.
The heads of conidia are black in the mass.
STEEIGMATOCYSTIS. Cram. (figs. 27, 28, p. 313.)
Mycelium creeping, fertile branches erect, not branched,
tip inflated and covered with radiating basidia-like out-
growths, each producing at the summit several slender
spines or sterigmata ; these latter in turn bear each a chain
of conidia.
Sterigmatocystis, Cram., Yiert. Xat. Gesell., Zurich, 1859 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 71.
With the general habit of Aspergillus, but known by the
well-developed basidia and whorled sterigmata bearing the
catenulate conidia.
Sterigmatocystis dubia. Sacc. (figs. 27, 28, p. 313.)
Tufts minute, white ; mycelium creeping, fertile threads
erect, without septa, head globose ; basidia slender, radiating,
each with 3-4 slender sterigmata at the apex, conidia in
chains, glohose, colourless, 4—5 /x diameter.
Sterigmatociistis duhia, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 346.
Aspergillus duhius, B. & Br., Ann. Xat. Hist., n. 520.
On decaying cheese, duug, &c.
AMBLYOSPOPJUM. Fres. (fig. 30, p. 313.)
]!ilycelium copious, cree[)ing, septate, interwoven ; fertile
hyphae ascending, tips not inflated but furnished with
AMBLYOSPOmUM — PENICILLIUM. 299
numerous minute points that bear the chains of brightly-
coloured, fusiform conidia that aie abruptly" truncate at
both ends.
Amhh/ospormm, Fres., Beitr., p. 99, t. xii. f. 17-21 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. p. 77.
Amblyosporium botrytis. Fres. (fig. 30, p. 313.)
Tufts broadl}^ effused, forming a woolly felt of a bright
orange-red colour; fertile hyphae ascending, orange-red,
septate, 20-25 /x thick, branched, the concatenate conidia
forming a bright orange head, conidia elliptic, both ends
contracted and abruptly truncate, 15-25 x 10-12 /x.
Amhh/osjjorium hotrytis, Fres., Beitr., p. 99, t. xi. f. 17-21;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 372.
On deca^n'ng fuugi of various species.
The mould often completely covers the host with a dense
felt of a brilliant orange-red colour. In some iustances
numerous bright orange sclerotia are formed in the substance
of the funccus attacked.
PENICILLIUM. Link. (fig. 22, p. 274.)
Mycelium creeping, septate ; fertile branches erect, with
branchlets arranged in irregular verticils towards the
apex; conidia globose, catenulate, colourless or brightly
coloured.
Penicillium, Link, ^p. pL, Fungi, i. p. G9 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 78.
Distinguished by the branchlets being arranged in
irregular whorls, or in a penicillate manner, and the chains
of globose conidia.
* Glaucous or greyish.
Penicillium glaucum. Link. (fi^;. 22, p. 274.)
Mycelium effused, creeping, white ; sterile hyphae creeping,
septate, interwoven ; fertile hyphae erect, apex penicil-
lately branched, branches single or in pairs, erect, once or
twice forked at the apex ; conidia concatenate, globose or
broadly elliptical, smooth, hyaline with a tinge of green,
4 fx diam., the chains of conidia produced at the tips of the
ultimate branchlets.
300 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Penicillium glaucum. Link, Obs. Mjc, i. j). 15 ; Sacc, Syll.,
n. 373.
On fruit, leaves, and on almost every kind of decaying or
damp organic matter.
Var. coremium, Sacc, Syll., n. 373.
Fertile liyphae fasciculate, forming a white compound
tem.
Floccaria glauca, Grev., Scot. Cr. FL, t. 301.
Penicillium quadrifidum. Salisb.
Hyphae of mycelium nodulose, fertile threads septate,
divided above into four equal branches, divided in a sub-
fasciculate manner below, tips of the branches with 3-4
bianchlets in a verticil ; conidia in long chains, globose,
glaucous.
Penicillium quadrifidum^ Salisb., in Hallier's Zeitsch. Paras.,
iv. Bd., 1 Heft, Catt. Mic. Carp, um., p. 123, t. vi., f. 11 ;
Sacc, Syll. iv., n. 378.
On human blood taken from a j)atient suffering from
erysipelas.
Penicillium pruriosum. Salisb.
Fertile hyphae septate, branched (?), with a whorl of 6-8
brancblets at the apex ; conidia elliptic-globose.
Penicillium pruriosum, Salisb., in Catt. Mic. Carp, um., p. 124,
t. vi., f. 12; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 379.
Appearing on mucous membrane.
** Wliitisli.
Penicillium candidum. Link.
AYhite, appearing as minute tufts that soon run together ;
sterile hyphae creeping, interwoven, septate ; fertile branches
ascending or erect, septate, branched above, branches erect,
bearing small branchlets that carry the chains of minute,
globose, colourless conidia, measuring 2-3 /x diameter.
Penicillium candidum, Link, Obs. MycoL, i. p. 15 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 381.
On decaying leaves, bulbs, fungi, &c.
Var. coremoides (= Coremium candidum, Nees).
Fertile hyphae fasciculate.
PENICILLIUM. 301
Penicillium hypomycetis. Sacc.
Effused, white, fertile threads erect, septate, 2-3 times
forked at the apex, branches short, erect, the terminal ones
bearing short chains of elliptical conidia, 3-4 X 2 /x.
Penicillium hyphomyceiis, Sacc, SylL, n. 382.
Described and figured as the conidial stage of Hypomyces
aiireo-nitens, Tub, in Grevillea, vol. xi. p. 49, t. 150,
figs, c, d.
On Stereum hirsutum, accompanying the ascigerous condition
of Hypomyces aureo-intens.
Allied to P. candidum, differing in the greater regularity of
branching, and elliptical conidia.
Penicillium subtile. Berk.
Very minute, snow-white ; mycelium very delicate,
creeping ; fertile hyphae erect, simple or ternately divided ;
conidia in short chains, broadly elliptical, apiculate at both
ends, 20 x 8-10 fx.
Penicillium subtile^ Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 241, t. xiv.
f. 25 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 385.
In the interior of a dead willow.
The chains of conidia are few in number; the elliptic
form of the conidia is unusual in the genus.
Var. ramosius, Grove, Journ. Bot.
Sterile hyphae creeping ; fertile, erect, often ternate at the
apex, branched below the apex ; conidia in short chains of
4-8, hyaline, broadly elliptical, apiculate at both ends>
16-20 X 10 fx.
On rotten wood. Entirely pure white and very thin and
delicate.
Penicillium megalosporum. B. & Br.
Pure white, short, hyphae fasciculate, conidia globose or
oblong, smooth, 13-15 yu, diameter.
Penicillium megalosporum^ B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist. 1875,
p. 34, n. 1457 ; Sacc, Sylh, iv. n. 386.
In an old chicken-coop.
There is no specimen of the present species in Berkeley's,
herbarium, consequently I cannot supplement the original
meagre description.
802 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Penicillium sparsum. Grev.
Tufts whitish, elongated, sterile hyphae effused; fertile
branches simple, sparin^^ly septate, suberect, forked near the
apex, each branch with a terminal verticil of branchlets,
conidia colourless, minute, globose.
Pemcilliiiin sparsum, Greville, Scot. Crypt, Fl., t. 58, f. 2 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 390.
On putrid stem of Lappa.
Penicillium abnorme. B. & Br.
"White, hyphae scanty, delicate, continuous, apex swollen
and obconical ; conidia minute, nearly globose, catenulate,
springing from the apex of the vesicle.
Penicillium ahnorme, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1914,
t. 3, fig. 4 ; Sacc, SylL, n. 393.
On leaves of TrientaUs.
As there are no specimens of the present species in
Berkeley's herbarium, it is impossible to add to the above
brief diagnosis, or to know whether the fungus belongs to
Penicillium or Aspergillus.
*** Yelloivish, ochraceous, or tawny.
Penicillium bicolor. Fr.
Sterile, hyphae effused, yellowish ; fertile hyphae more or
less fasciculate, apex penicillately branched ; conidia sub-
globose, about 4 jx diam. borne in chains at the tips of the
branchlets.
Penicillium hicolor. Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 408 ; Sacc,
Syll., n. 394.
Coremium glaucum. Link. (AVhen the fertile hyphae are
distinctly fasciculate.)
On various decaying organic substances.
Penicillium macrosporum. B. & Br.
Orange, conidia globose, large.
Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1978; Sacc, Syll.,
n. 396.
On rotting lettuce.
An imperfectly known species, described from a drawing.
BRIAPiEA. 303
Penicillium cofFeicolor. B. & Br.
Broadly effused, umber: fertile hyphae short, thick,
conidia in short chains, subglobose or irregular, 12-13 /x,
diam., translucent, tinged Avith brown.
PenicilUimi coffeicolor, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1614;
Sacc, Syll., n. 403.
Forming a felt on Pasteur's solution. Possibly an abnormal
aquatic condition of some species.
**** jReddisli or rose-colour,
Penicilliuni roseum. Link.
Sterile hyphae very delicate, creeping, white, forming a
very thin cobweb-like film on the matrix ; fertile hyphae
erect, sparingly penicillately branched at the apex ; cunidia
in persistent, short chains, rose-colour, globose, 3 fx diam.
Penicillium roseum, Link, Obs., ii. p. 37 ; Sacc, Syll., n. 405.
On dry potato stems.
A coremioid form of the present species has been described.
BRIAEEA. Corda. (fig. 22, p. 313.)
Mycelium creeping; fertile hyphae erect, unbranched;
chains of conidia springing directly from tlie tip of the fertile
branch, which is not inflated, nor furnished with conidia-
bearing branchlets.
Briarea, Corda, in Sturm, D. C. Fl. France, ii. p. 11 ;
Sacc, SylL, iv. p. 85.
Distinguished from Aspergillus by the absence of an in-
flated head, and from Penicillium by the absence of branchlets
that bear the conidia.
Briarea elegans. Corda. (fig. 22, p. 313.)
Mycelium creeping, fertile branches erect, simple, con-
stricted at the septa ; chains of conidia loosely spreading
and springing directly from the apex of the primary erect
branch ; conidia subglobose.
Briarea elegans, Sturm., Ueutschl. Cr. FL, p. 11, f. 6;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 412.
Forming grey, scattered or gregarious patches on decaying
grass, leather, wood, &c.
304 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Tribe o. Botrytideae. Sacc.
HAPLAEIA. Link. (fig. 16, p. 313.)
Mycelium creeping ; fertile branches erect, septate, once
or several times bifurcating ; conidia globose or elliptical,
one-celled, almost colourless, sessile and springing laterally
from the branches.
Haplaria, Link., Obs., i. p. 9 ; Sacc, Sjll., iv. p. 85.
I am not acquainted with the species constituting the
present genus, and am not certain as to the origin of the
conidia which in figures are represented as scattered in an
irregular manner over the branches.
Haplaria grisea. Link. (fig. 16, p. 313.)
Forming minute greyish tufts ; hyphae very slender,
rather rigid, simple or forked, becoming thin at the tip,
sparingly septate ; conidia subglobose, very minute, at first
clustered near to or below the tip, then becoming dispersed
over every part, subhyaline.
Haplaria grisea, Link, Obs., i. p. 9, f. 12 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 414.
On damp grass leaves.
HYPHODEEMA. Fries, (fig. 33, p. 313.)
Mycelium very thin, septate, creeping and forming an
effused stratum that is covered with erect, very slender,
closely packed branches, each bearing a one-celled conidiuni
at the apex.
Hyplioderma, Fries, Sum. Yeg. Scand., p. 447 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. p. 89.
Forming crust-like patches resembling a Corticium.
Hyphoderma roseum. Fr. (fig. 33, p. 313.)
Tufts compressed, at first rounded then effused, minutely
villose, margin minutely radiato-byssoid ; fertile braucbes
very slender, erect, parallel, crowded, with a globose, rose-
coloured conidium at the apex, 7-8 fx diameter.
ACREMONIUM — RHINOTEICHUM. 305
Byplioderma roseiim, Fr., Siimm. Yeg. Scancl., ^. 447;
Sacc. Syll., iv. n. 434.
Forming orange or rosy patclies on decayed wood, &c.
ACEEMONIUIM. Link, (emended), (fig. 32, p. 313.)
Hyphae simple or sparingly iDranched, creeping, witli
scattered, suberect conidiophores that bear a single conidium
at the tip ; conidia colourless or brightly coloured.
Acremonium, Link., Obs., i. p. 13 ; emended by Saccardo,
SylL, iv. p. 89.
Loosely interwoven, prostrate liyphae giving off slender
branches, each with a single conidium at the tip, are the
features of the present genus.
Acremonium alternatum. Link. (fig. 32, p. 313.)
Mycellium white, delicate, loosely interwoven ; fertile
bracbes suberect, from alternate sides of the prostrate hj^phae,
acute, 40-50 fx long, conidia elliptical, straight or curved
hyaline, 6-10 X 2-4 //.
Acremonium alt erri atum, Jjink., Obs. Myc, i. p. 13; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 435.
On fallen leaves.
The conidia are at first involved in mucus and are then
globose, but at maturity the mucus disappears and the true
form is seen.
Acremoninm. verticillatum. Link.
Mycelium white, very delicate, densely compacted ; fertile
branches verticillate ; conidia elliptical, minute.
Acremonium verticillatum, Link, Obs., i. p. 20 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 436.
On rotten trunks, &c.
EHINOTEICHUM. Corda. (fig. 6, p. 274.)
Saprophytes. Mycelium creeping, fertile branches erect,
simple or sparingly branched ; tips of the branches with
minute spindules that bear the one-celled, colourless or
brightly coloured conidia.
VOL. III. X
306 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Bliinotrichum, Corda, Ic. Fung., i. p. 17 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 91.
* Wldtish or greyish.
Rhino tri chum repens. Preuss.
Tufts grey or yellowish ; mycelium, branched, septate,
creeping, interwoven ; fertile branches erect, septate, above
with spine-like warts that bear the conidia in loose clusters ;
conidia elliptical, apiculate at the base, smooth, pale grey,
protoplasm granular, 18-23 X 10-12 /x.
Bhinotriclmm rei^ens^ Preuss, Sturm, p. 6, t. 22 ; Sacc,
Syll., n. 443.
On rotten wood.
Rhinotrichum niveum. Oke. & Mass. (fig. 6,
p. 274.)
Tufted, caespitose, snow-white ; fertile hyphae erect,
simple, septate, not quite so thick as the diameter of the
spores ; upper joint, and sometimes the one below^, bearing
conical spicules that bear the conidia; conidia continuous,
hyaline, ovate or broadly elliptical, smooth, with a persistent
minute apiculus at the base, 20-25 x 10-12 fx.
BMnotrichum niveum, Cooke & Massee, Grevillea, vol. xvi.
p. 10.
On dead wood.
Rhinotrichum opuntia. B. & Br.
"White. Hyphae rather thick, simple below, towards the
top forked 2-3 times, here and there rather swollen, tips of
branchlets thickened, and furnished with miuute wart-like
projections that bear the globose, colourless conidia, mea-
suring 8-9 fx diameter.
BMnotriclmm ojmntia, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 761,
t. xvi. f. 13 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n 445.
On w'ood.
Rhinotrichum decolorans. Cooke.
Snow-white then brownish ; hypha erect, tip 2-3 times
furcate in a corymbose manner, tips slightly swoUen,
minutely denticulate ; conidia globose, minutely rugulose,
colourless, apiculate, 10 /x diameter.
EHIXOTRICHUM. 307
Bhinotriclium decoloraiis, Cooke, Grevillea, v. p. 58 ; Sacc,
S}^!!., iv. n. 446.
On chips.
"Rhinotrichum lanosum. Cooke.
White or pale ochraceous; forming dense, extended
patches ; mycelium delicate, branched, septate interwoven ;
fertile branches decumbent, elongated, slender, septate, and
with short, spreading branchlets, each with 3-4 minute
spicules at the tip that bear the obovate, colourless conidia.
Bhinotriclium lanosum, Cke., Hdbk., n. 1769; Sacc, SylL,
iv. n. 451.
Bhinotriclium lanosum^ Cooke, Pop. Science Eev., 1871, t. 68,
f. 1-3.
Forming woolly patches on damp wall-paper.
** More or less rosy.
Rhino tri chum Bloxami. B. & Br.
Forming white or cream-coloured effused patches; my-
celium white, decumbent, septate; fertile hyphae erect,
sometimes sparingly divided, tips clavate bearing scattered
spicules surmounted by subelliptic or slightly obovate
conidia, which are sometimes obtuse, sometimes apiculate,
6 X 4 /x.
Bhinotriclium Bloxami, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 541,
t. vii. f. 19 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 454.
On dead wood.
Rhinotrichum decipiens. Cooke.
Broadly effused, at first pale rose-coloured, becoming-
whitish with age, margin radiating ; mycelium densely inter-
woven, creeping, branched, septate; fertile branches erect,
closely septate, the one or two highest joints with short,
pointed, wart-like projections that bear the elliptical, colour-
less conidia, 22-25 X 14-15 jx.
Bhinotriclium decipiens, Cke., Grev., xiv. p. 6; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 455.
Incrusting bark and moss, resembliug a Corticium, and in
some instances can be separated in a sheet.
X 2
308 FUNGUS-FLOrwA.
*** Golden, citron, ochraceous, or taivny.
Rhinotrichum ramosissimum. B. & C.
Pale fawn-colour or clay-colour ; li^'phae very mucli and
irregularly branched, septate, the terminal joints elongated
and furnished with slight, projecting points that bear the
obovate conidia, which measure 7-8 X 4-5 /x.
BliinotricJmm ramosissimiim, Berk. & Curt., N. Amer. Fung.,
n. 662 ; Sacc, Syll., n. 469.
On rotten wood.
The British form differs from the type in having the
hyphae densely fasciculate, resembling the capillitium of a
TricMa after the rupture of the peridium.
Rhinotrichum Thwaitesii. B. & Br.
Tufts orbicular, often becoming confluent, yellow with a
pale margin ; mycelium dense, interwoven, creeping, the tips
becoming erect and branching in a forked manner, apices
slightly thickened, denticulate, spores globose, very pale
yellow, minutely warted, furnished with a very short pedicel,
7-10 jx diameter.
Wiinotriclmm Tliwaitesii, B. &: Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2,
vol. vii. p. 10, t. vi. f. 12 (n. 542) ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 470.
On naked ground.
Var. fulvum, Grove. Tawny or almost fuscous ; sj)ores
not so coarsely warted.
On rotten wood.
Rhinotrichum. aureum. C. & M.
Broadly eflused, overrunning the entire matrix, bright
deep orange ; sterile threads creeping, branched, thin, septate;
lertile threads erect, simple or forked, septate, 180-250 X
12 fx; ultimate joint papillate with small, obtuse warts;
conidia broadly elliptical, 18-20 x 10-12 /x, springing from
the warts, and forming subglobose heads.
Rliinotrichum aureum, Che. & Mass. Grev., xviii. p. 27.
On decaying Faxillus, Boletus, and Lactarius.
SP0R0TKICHU3I. 309
ISPOKOTEICHUM. Link, (emended), (fig. 31, p. 313.)
Hypliae vaguely and repeatedly branched, with or without
septa, all similar and procumbent. Conidia springing from
the tips of branchlets or spinous processes, subsolitaiy,
elliptical or subglobose, one-celled.
Sporotrichum, Link., sp. pi. Fungi, i. p. 1, emended by
Saccardo in Mich., ii. p. 16 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. p. 96.
Distinguished from Botrijtis by all the hyphae being pro-
cumbent, and the subsolitary spores ; from TricJiosporium by
never being black.
* WJiitisli.
.f Saprophytes on Plants.
Sporotrichum laxum. Nees.
Forming minute white spots that often eventually become
confluent; hyphae irregularly branched, forming lax, de-
pressed tufts ; conidia minute, white, elliptic or obovate.
Sporotrichum laxum, Nees, Syst., p. 49, f. 45 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 483.
Sporotrichum minutum, Grev., Scot. Crypt. Fl., t. 108, f. 1.
On rotten wood and on various substances.
■ff Growing on animals,
(= Microsporon. Gruby.)
Sporotrichum mentagrophytes. Rob.
Hyphae densely interwoven ; conidia subglobose, very
numerous, 6-12 jx diam.
Sporotrichum mentagrophytes, Eobin., Hist. Veget. Paras. ;
Sacc, SylL, n. 499.
On human hair, especially near the bulb.
** Yellow or saffron.
Sporotrichum flavissimum. Link.
Hyphae sparingly septate, vaguely branched, hyaline,
interwoven and forming a loose, thick, broadly effused
stratum, and giving off numerous short conidia-bearing
310 FUNGUS-FLORA.
branches; conidia obovate or sub globose, 4—6 X 3-3*5 /x,
deep yellow.
Sporotriclmm flavissimum, Link, Obs., ii. p. 34 ; Sacc, SylL,
n. 510.
? Sporotrichim sulj^lmreum, Grev., Scot. Cr. FL, t. 108, f. 2.
On decaying leaves, stems, wood, tubers, &c., also on dung.
Sporotrichum. sulphureum. Grev.
Tufts small, orbicular, clear yellow, sometimes becoming
confluent; hypbae very slender, scantily septate, branched,
loosely intei-woven ; conidia minute, globose, yellow.
Siwrotrichumsulplmreum, Grev., Scot. Crypt. Fl., t. 108, f. 2;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 511.
On bark, dung, corks and other substances, in cellars, &c.
SporotrichTim merdarium. Ehrb.
Tufts minute, deep yellow, somewhat powdery ; branches
of hyphae often trifid, slightly rough ; conidia globose, muri-
culate, yellow, 9-10 /x diameter.
Sioorotriclmm merdarium^ Ehrenb., Sylv. BeroL, p. 10 ; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 524.
On dimg.
Distinguished from the other yellow species by its globular
conidia, which leave a wavy or knobby outline in optical
section, arising from the bluntly convex elevations by which
the surface is ornamented. Conidia 5-6 /x diameter. On
dog's dung. (Grove.)
Sporotrichum aurantiacum. Grev.
Forming minute orange-red tufts ; hyphae very slender,
very much interwoven ; conidia globose, very minute.
Sporotriclmm aurantiacum, Grev. in Wern. Trans., iv. t. 5,
f. 4 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 523.
On dung, &c.
Sporotrichum geochroum. Desm. (fig. 31, p. 313.)
Tufts small, velvet}^, ochraceous with rust tinge ; fertile
hyphae erect, minutely rough, very sparingly septate,
branchlets scanty ; conidia globose, clear brown, 3-4 /x,
diameter.
Sporotrichum geocliroum, Desm., in Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p.
146 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 532.
On rotten wood, &c.
MONOSPORIUM. 311
*** Greenish.
Sporotrichum chlorinum. Link,
Forming effused, rather thick olive-green or yellowish
patches ; hyphae dense, branched, interwoven ; conidia
obovate, with a green tinge, 4-G X 2-3 /x.
Sporotrichum chlorinum, Link, Obs. Myc, ii. p. 35 ; Sacc,
SyII., iv. n. 569.
On fallen leaves, especially oak.
MOXOSPOEIUM. Bon. (fig. 4, p. 313.)
Sterile hyphae creeping; fertile hj-j^hae repeated branched
in a tree-like manner, erect : coiiidia hyaline or brightly
coloured, terminal and solitary on the tips of the terminal
branchlets.
Monosporium, Bonorden, Hdbk., p. 95 ; Sacc, Syll., vol. iv.
p. 113.
Monosporium olivaceum. C. & M. (fig. 4, p. 313.)
Broadly, and for the most part densely effused, olive;
hyphae interwoven, septate, pale olivaceous, fertile branches
erect, BjDaringly branched towards the apex, branchlets some-
times alternate, sometimes in pairs ; conidia hyaline, oval,
0-8 X 4 /x.
Monosporium olivaceum, Cke. & Massee, Grevillea, vol. xvi.
p. 78.
On Corticium and bark.
Monosporium ooprophilum. C. & M.
Tufts snow-white, subgiobose, sometimes confluent; hyphae
interwoven, septate ; fertile hyphae short, repeatedly dicho-
tomous, branches ascending, slightly narrower upwards ;
conidia ovate, continuous, hyaline, granular inside.
12-15 X 10 fx.
Monosporium coprophilum, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 10.
On dung;.
'&•
Monosporium saccharium. B. & Br.
Tufts gelatinous, coffee-colour, fertile hyphae short, erect,
somewhat clavate; spores obovate, base truncate, smooth,
tinged coffee-colour, 10-13 X 7 /x.
312 FUNGUS-FLORA.
3Ionosporiiim saccliarinum, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Kat. Hist.,
n. 1379; Sacc, Syll., n. 503.
On decaying substances under glass.
BOTRYTIS. Mich, (emended), (fig. 7, p. 274.)
Sterile hypliae creeping, fertile erect, vaguely branclied.
Branchlets slender, tips rather acute (Euhotrytis) ; branchlets
thickened, rather obtuse (Polyactis) ; tips inflated and
furnished with pointed wart-like projections (Phymato-
triclmni) ; tips obtuse and divided into numerous spine-like
projections (^Cristularid). Conidia one-celled, globose, ellip-
soid, or oblong, colourless or brightly coloured, variously
aggregated near the tips of the branchlets, but not forming
dense heads.
Bvtrytis, Micheli, emended by Link, Sp. PL, i. p. 53; Sacc,
Syll., iv. p. 116. Polyactis, Link, (in part).
A. Eubotrytis.
Small, soft, colour variable ; branches slender, somewhat
equal ; conidia loosely aggregated at the tips.
FIGURES ILLUSTRATING THE MUCEBINEAE.
1. Milotcia nivea, portion of plant and a free conidium; — Fig. 2, Pris-
maria furcata (enlarged, after Grove); — Fig. 3, Mucrosporium spliaeroce-
phalum: — Fig. -i, MonospoHum oJivaceum ; — [Fig. 5, Marsonia ipomeaey
natural size, emerging from a branch ; — Fig. 6, portion of same ; — Fig. 7,
Hijpodermium orchiclearum, emerging from a le.if;] — Fig. 8, Oidium
leucoconium ; — Fig. 9, Hormiscium spilendens ; — Fig. 10, Torula moni-
lioides ; — Fig. 11, Gyroceras plantaginis ; Fig. 12, EcUinobotryum atrum ; —
Fig. 13, Staclujhotrys asperula ; — Fig. 15, Chromos^porium lateritium ; —
Fig. 15a, Clonodacliys araucaria ; — Fig. 16, Haplaria grisea ; — Fig. 17,
Geotrichum candidum ; — Fig. 18, Fusidium viride ; — Fig. 19, Rhopcdmnyces
pjallidus ; — Fig. 20, head of same, showing areolated surface; — Fig. 21,
Folyscytalum fungorum; — Fig. 22, Briaria elegans ; — Fig. 28, Septocy-
lindriuni Bonordeni; — Fig. 24, Diplocladium melleum; — Fig. 25, Sepe-
donium chrysospermum ; — Fig. 26, THchoderma Ugnorum ; — Fig. 27,
Sterigmatocystis didAa ; — Fig. 28, section of head of same; — Fig. 29,
Microstroma (dhum;—Yi^.W, Amhhjosporium hotrytis ; — Fig. 31, Sporo-
triclinm geochroum ; — Fig. 32, Acremonium alternatum ; — Fig. 33, Hypho-
derma roseum. All the figures are highly magnified.
Figs. 5-7 do not belong to the Hyphomycetes.
314 FUNGUS-FLORA.
* Whitish.
Botrytis trabea. Sacc.
Forming minute pale spots; fertile hyphae erect, septate,
sparingly branched in a forked manner, brancb.es divided at
the apex into 3-5 slender branchlets, each bearing a single,
globose, colourless conidium, 5-6 ix diameter.
Botrytis trahea, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 597.
Stachylidium traheum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1920,
t. 3, f. 6.
On an old beam.
Botrytis corolligena. C. & M. (fig. 7, p. 274.)
Pure white. Sterile hyphae scanty ; fertile, erect, septate,
7-8 fx thick, elongated, very shortly branched near the tip ;
conidia ellij)tical, crowded in small subglobose heads, con-
tinuous, hyaline, smooth, 25 X 15-18 fx.
Botrytis corolligena, Cke & Mass., Grevillea, xvi. p. 10.
On fading- corollas of Calceolaria.
&
Botrytis gonabotryoides. C. & M.
\Vhitish. Hyphae gregarious but not fasciculate, erect,
simple or furcate, septate, ^^ale olive below, conidia elliptical,
continuous, hyaline, 15 x 7-8 /x, in subglobose, apical
clusters, and also in three or four similar clusters at various
heights around the septa of the hyphae, but the joints are
not swollen, conidia-bearing branchlets short and crested at
the tip.
Botrytis gonabotryoides, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 79.
On dead leaves of Hypericum calycinum.
** Reddish or lilac.
Botrytis coccotricha. Sacc.
Tufts rather large, pallid, then dingy rose-coloured ;
hyphae branched in a dichotomous, rarely trichotomous
manner, 6-7 fx thick, colourless below, rosy towards the
tip ; conidia generally solitary at the attenuated tips of the
branchlets, elliptical, 25-30 /x long, at first granular, rufous-
ferruginous.
Botrytis coccotricha, Sacc, Fung. Ital., t. 694 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 614.
On decayed branches.
BOTKYTIS. 315
*** Telloiv ; taivny, or golden.
Botrytis citrina. Berk.
Forming thin patches 1 in. or more across, at first white,
then yellow ; hj^phae erect, septate, main branches attenuate
or often in opposite pairs, branchlets short, each bearing
a single pear-shaped yellow conidium at the tip, measuring
9-10 X 5 /x.
Botrytis citrina, Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. i. n. 127,
t. viii. f. 12.
On dead fallen branches of cherry.
The hyphae when mature are bright yellow.
Botrytis brevior. Sacc.
Tufts minute, subglobose, rufous, hyphae sparingly
branched, septate, joints short ; conidia ellij^tical, granu-
lated, 5 X 7-8 /x.
Botrytis hrevior, Sacc, Syll., n. 635.
Goccotriclmm hreviiis, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1918,
t. d, 1. O.
On bark.
Tingeing water with a rufous shade. Subferruginous when
^Iry.
**** Clay-colour or greenish.
Botrytis argillacea. Cooke.
Forming broadly effused, thin, greyish-brown patches;
fertile hyphae, erect, septate, main branches few, divided in
a forked manner at the apex ; tips of branchlets slightly
thickened, bearing small numbers of elliptical, almost colour-
less conidia, measuring 10—12 X 7 /x.
Botrytis argillacea, Cke., Grev., t. 48, f. 6 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 646.
On wood.
Forming clay-coloured patches 6 in. and more long.
Botrytis virella. Fr.
Forming an effused, powdery, very delicate greenish layer ;
sterile hyphae creeping, about 3 /x thick, colourless, branded,
septate; fertile hyphae erect, septate, coloured, 100-120 x
3 /x, bearing near the apex 2-4 short, slightly inflated branch-
316 FUNGUS-FLORA.
lets, that bear tlie imperfect, greenisli heads of conidia;
conidia globose, pale dingy green, 2 /x diameter.
Botrytis vireUa, Fries, Summa. Teg. Sc, p. 491 ; Sacc,
SylL, n. 653.
On xery vret and rotten wood.
***** Brownish or darh- coloured,
Botrytis Tilletii. Desm.
Forming dense and often broadly effused, fawn-coloured or
brownish expansions ; sterile hyphae 8-10 fx thick, septate,
branched, interwoven ; fertile, same thickness, short, erect,
irregularly or imperfectly verticillately branched near the
apex, tips of the branchlets spinulose and bearing numerous
elliptical or subglobose conidia, 4 x 3 or 4 /x diameter.
Botrytis Tilletii, Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat. (1838), toI. x.
p. 308 ; Sacc, Syll., n. 660.
Running over moss, leaves, wood, &c,
Botrytis croci. Cke. & Mass.
Small dark smoky tufts, sometimes confluent and effused ;
threads thick, rather closely septate, slightly branched at
the attenuated tip.^^, pale olive below, colourless above ;
conidia elliptical, continuous, hyaline, 15-18 x 8-10 //,,
collected at the tips of the branches in small heads of from
3-8 conidia.
^ Botrytis croci, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 10.
On dead leaves of Crocus.
B. Polyactis. Link.
Large, rather rigid, forming brownish-grey tufts ; branches
thickish, obtuse, usually with scattered tooth-like projections
arrano'ed in a racemose or corvmbose manner, and bearing:
the conidia.
Botrytis vulgaris. Fr.
Tufts greyish-olive, scattered; often becoming confluent,
fertile hyphae septate, ascending or erect, olive, branched
near the tip ; primary branches short, spreading, bearing a
few short branchlets usually arranged in pairs ; conidia
BOTRYTIS. 317
clustered at tips of branchlets, elliptical, smooth, pale brown,
10-12 X 7-9 /x.
Botrijtis vulgaris, Fries, Syst. MycoL, iii. p. 398; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 664.
' On decaying fruit, flowers, leaves, wood, &c.
The following varieties, some of which have not j'et been
met with in Britain, are known.
Var. plebeja, Fres., Beitr., p. 13, t. 11, f. 1-7.
Tnfts greyish-olive, hyphae rather rigid, ascending or
erect, septate, sparingly branched or subsimple, fertile
branches divided in a binate or ternate manner at the apex,
nodulose; conidia elliptical, hyaline, 10-14 X 7-8 /x, smooth,
borne on very minute, verrnculose branchlets that S2)ring
from the nodulose portions of the branches.
On dead or fading leaves, branches, &c.
Var. condensata, Sacc, Mich., ii. p. 358.
Tufts suberumpent, grey; conidia 10-12 x 9-10 /x.
Parasitic on Tuhercularia.
Var. furcata, Fres., Beitr., p. 13, t. ii. f. 8-11.
Tufts olive, hyphae 1 • 5 mm. high, once or twice forked,
bearing tufts of conidia here and there ; conidia globose,
10-15 [x diameter.
On damp paper.
Var. interrupta^ Fres., I.e., figs. 12-14.
Tufts brownish ; hyphae subsimple, elongated, subnodulose,
conidia globoso-ellipsoid, 11-15 fx long, arranged in elongated
clusters at the nodes and resembling an interrupted spike.
On onion scape.
Botrytis cana. Kunze & Schm.
Forming subrotund hoary tufts that are often crowded or
confluent ; hj^phae septate, branched above in a botryoid
manner ; conidia elliptical, pale brown.
Botrytis cana, Kunze & Schm., Myk., Heft i. p. 83 ; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 129 (not of Corda).
Polyactis cana, Bon., Hdbk., p. 115, f. 156.
On dead leaves of various plants.
Botrytis vera. Fr.
Forming minutely woolly tufts of a greyish colour ; fertile
318 FUNGUS-FLORA.
liypliae vaguely brauclied above, septate; conidia almost
colourless, elliptical, 10-12 X 5-7 /x, arranged in a spicate
manner at the tips of the branchlets.
Botnjtis vera, Fries, Syst. Myc.,iii. p. 4-17 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 666.
Mucor hotrytis, Bolton, Fung., t. 132, f. 3.
On fruit, decaying herbaceous stems, fungi, &c.
Botrytis cinerea. Pers.
Sterile hyphae creeping, fertile erect, gregarious, simple
or sparingly branched, and with several short, simple or
divided branchlets near the apex, the ultimate branchlets
spinulose ; septate, slightly constricted at the septa, smoky-
brown, 200-300 X 12-16 fx; conidia broadly elliptical or
subglobose, apicnlate, almost colourless, 10-12 /x diameter.
Botrytis cinerea, Pers., Syn., p. 690 ; Sacc, Syll., n. 667.
On rotting leaves, stems, putrid fungi, &c.
Var. sclerotiophila, Sacc, Mich., ii. p. 358. Hyphae
densely fasciculate, sooty -grey, septate, not at all or
sparingly branched, nodulose above ; conidia springing from
the nodules, elliptical, 8-9 x 6, almost hyaline.
On dead stems of UmheUifers ; springing from an elongated,
externally black sclerotium, once called Sclerotium durum.
Botrytis capitata. B. & Br.
Altogether white. Fertile hyphae arising from a basal
inflated cell, erect, bifid or trifid above ; conidia obovate,
25 fjL long.
Botrytis capitata, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist. (1881), p. 131,
n= 1919 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 680.
On Clieiranthus.
Botrytis fascicularis. Sacc.
Tufts minute, brown, shining; hyphae erect, clustered,
rather wavy, fasciculate or connate at the base, brown, semi-
jiellucid above ; branches hyaline ; clusters of conidia sub-
globose ; conidia oblong, large.
Botrytis fascicularis, Sacc, Syll., n. 686.
Pohjactis fascicularis, Corda.
On decaying plants.
BOTRYTIS. 319
Botrytis aclada. Fr.
Forming minute brownish tufts; liypliae unbranched,
septate, erect ; conidia elliptic-oblong, almost colourless,
6-8 X 5-6 /x, aggregated in elongated clusters at the tips of
the hj'phae.
Botrytis aclada, Fres., Beitr., p. 16, t. ii. f. 23-24; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 672.
On decaying onion scapes.
C. Cristularia.
Tips of the branchlets scarcely inflated, cristato-crcnate or
digitate.
Botrytis depraedens. sSacc.
Forming grey determinate or confluent spots on leaves ;
hyphae colouiless, ascending, septate, wavj^, unbranched,
terminated by elliptical basidia-like cells, the terminal one
bilobed; head of conidia globose, subcompact; conidia
globose, hyaline, 12 /x diameter.
Botrytis depraedens, Cooke, some remarkable moulds,
Quelet, Micr. Journ., v. ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 692.
On sycamore leaves (Acer pseudo-platanus) , which it
destroj's.
D. PJiymatoirichum.
Tips of branches inflated and everywhere covered with
pointed wart-like projections bearing the conidia.
Botrytis tricephala. Sacc.
Tufts minute, elliptical, white, 3 mm. long; sterile hyphae
hyaline, loosely interwoven ; fertile simple, erect, septate,
10 /x thick, simple above or divided into two branches each
again divided into 3 shoit branchlets with globose inflated
tips, from which originate the globose conidia, measuring 5 /x
diameter.
Botrytis tricephala, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 698.
Acmosporium triceplialmti, Phillips, in Gard. Chron., Mar. 8,
1884, fig. 61.
On fallen leaves of Cryptomeria Japonica.
O.'
20 FUNGUS-FLOE A.
Botrytis galanthina. Sacc.
Hypliae with short branches towards the tip, "umber-
brown, branchlets incrassated at the tip ; conidia obovate,
borne on elongated sjiicnles, 15-18 ix long.
Botrytis galantJiina, Sacc., Syll., iv. n. 705.
Pohjactis galanthina, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1385,
t. viii. f. 8.
On bulbs of snowdrop (^Galantlius nivalis^.
OVULAKIA. Sacc. (fig. 8, p. 274.)
Parasites. Hyphae subsimple, erect, more or less dis-
tinctly furnished with minute tooth-like projections near
the apex that bear the conidia. Conidia one-celled, colourless,
solitary, or rarely in short chains.
Ovularia, Sacc, Mich., ii. p. 17; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 139.
Closely allied to Bamularia, but distinguished by the con-
tinuous conidia.
* On Dicotyledons.
Ovularia lychnicola. Mass.
Spots often rather large and numerous, subcircular,
ochraceous; fertile liyphae short, simple, erect, tufted;
conidia cylindrical, attenuated slightly at both ends,
colourless, 12-15 X 4 /x.
Bamiilaria li/chnicola, Ckc, Grev., xiv. p. 40; Sacc, Syll.,
iv., n. 993.
On living leaves of Lychnis cUurna.
Ovularia lapsanae. Mass.
Spots at first inconspicuous then becoming dry and pale ;
fertile hyphae tufted, simple or with a few short branchlets,
■30-50 X 3 /x, not septate ; conidia cylindrical, rather
attenuated at both ends, 10-15 X 3-5-4 /x, in short chains.
Bamularia lampsanae, Sacc, Mich., ii. p. 549; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 1008.
On under surface of living leaves of nijoplewort (Lapsana
communis^.
Ovularia destructiva. Mass.
Parasitic. Erumpent ; forming broadly effused 23atches ;
OYULARIA. 321
fertile hvpliae erect, simple, not septate, a2;gregated ;
conidia elliptical, creara-colonred, 15 /x long, in short chains
of two or three, terminal upon the hyphae.
Banmlaria destructu-a, Phill. & Plow., Grev., vi. p. 23, t. 94,
f. 1 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 962.
On Mi/rica gale. When it occurs upon tho smaller branches
it is in the manner of an encircling zone 1-3 cm. wide, which
quickly causes loss of vitality of the parts beyond, very
much in the same manner that BJii/fisma maxima does. It
also occurs on the under surfaces of the leaves, up jn reddish-
brown spots. (P. & P.).
Ovularia senecionis. Mass.
Tufts white, conspicuous, irregular; hyphae erect, septate,
wav}'-, slender ; conidia cylindrical, ends rounded, con-
tinuous, 7-18 X o /u,, colourless.
Ito miliaria senecionis^ Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1023.
C>/lindros2?orium senecionis, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
n. 1G13.
On leaves of Senecio vulgaris.
Ovularia lactea. Mas.^.
Spots subcircular, whitish, bounded by a brownish
margin; hj^phae rather wavy, 30-60 x 2 fx; conidia variable,
elliptic-oblong, fnsoid, or cylindrical, both ends obtuse,
8-11 X 2-3 /x, colourless, in short chains.
Bamularia lactea, Sacc, Mich., ii. p. 549 ; Sacc, Syll., iy.
n. 979.
On upper surface of living leaves of Viola Idr'a, V.
odorata, &c.
Ovularia armoraciae. Mass.
Spots irregular in form and size, often numerous, sub-
ochraceous then pale; hyphae sub fasciculate, springing from
a prostiate ni3^celiuin, without septa, simple or rarely with
an indication of branching; conidia elongated, cylindrical,
both ends obtuse, colourless, 15-25 x 2-5-3 fi (or accord-
ing to Fackel, becoming subventricose, and measuring
22 X 5 fx). _
Bamularia armoraciae, Fckl., Symb. Myc, p. 361, t. i.
f. 24; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 978.
On leaves of horse-radish.
VOL. in. Y
322 FUXGUS-FLORA.
Ovularia interstitialis. Mass.
Spots hypophyllous, yellowish ; conidiopliores erect,
aseptate, simple subflexuous or irregularly nodulose,
60-80 X 5-6 fi, supporting a single conidium attached
obliquely to the abrupt apex ; conidia elliptic-oblong, colour-
less, 15-18 X 5-7 yu,.
Peronospora {nterstitialis, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. iv.
■vol. XV. p. 34 (n. 1455); Sacc, Syll., vii. n. 867.
On the under surface of primrose leaves. " Spots hypo-
phyllous, yellow, confined to the interstices of the veins,
larel}' extending slightly beyond them." (Berk.)
A singular species, a typical Ovularia. The above descrip-
tion is drawn up from the type specimens in Berkeley's
herbarium at Kew.
Ovularia rufibasis. Mass.
Hypophyllous, spots on under surface, pale on upper
surface bright brown, conidiopliores erect, simple, aseptate,
60-80 X 4-5 /x, apex abrupt with a very minute oblique
apiculus supporting a single conidium; conidia variable
in shape, obovate, ovate, or elliptic-oblong, colourless,
25-30 X 5-7 fjL.
Peronospora rufibasis, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. iv.
vol. XV. p. 34 (n. 1456) ; Sacc, Syll., vii. n. 873.
On under surface of leaves of Myrica gale. Eare.
Spots small, pallid, with corresponding bright brown spots
on the upper surface of the leaf. The above diagnosis is
drawn up from Berkeley's type specimens. Evidently a
characteristic species of Ovularia.
Ovularia cochleariae. Mass.
Forming one or two large subcircular pale spots on leaves ;
conidia elongated, cylindrical, both ends round, colourless,
25-30 X 2-5-3 /x.
Bamularia cochleariae, Cke., Grev., xi. p. 155; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 977.
On living leaves of CocJilearia officinalis.
Ovularia alnicola. Mass.
Spots circular, greyish -white then smoky, epiphyllous ;
hyphae very short; conidia elliptical, colourless, in short
chains, 10-14 X 4 /ut.
OVULARIA. 323
JRamularia alnicola^ Cke., Grev., xiv. p. 40; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 967.
On living leaves of Alnus glutinosa.
Ovularia scelerata. Mass.
Spots elongated, b^'own, often becoming effused over the
greater portion of the leaf ; hypliae short, scattered, generally
on the nnder surface of the leaf; conidia cylindric-ellipsoid,
rounded at both ends, colourless, 20 X 3*5 /x.
JRumularia scelerata, Cke., Grev., xiv. p. 40 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 971.
On livino; radical leaves of Manunculus sceleratus.
'O
Ovularia rosea. Mass.
Spots subochraceous or with a tinge of rose colour;
hyphae erect, fasciculate, simple or sparingly forked, tips
subdenticulate, colourless, 30-40 X 2* 5-3 /x; conidia fusoid,
15-25 X 2-3 fjL, colourless.
Mamularia rosea, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 96G.
On the under surface of living leaves of Salix viminalis,
S. triandra, S. vitellina, &g.
Sometimes the conidia are spuriously 1-septate, due to
the division of the protoplasm into two parts, but a true
septum is not present.
Ovularia asperfolii. Sacc.
Tufts spot-like, depressed, white ; hyphae tortuous,
sparingly septate, 50-70 x 4 /x ; conidia elliptical, base sub-
apiculate, 10-12 x 7-8 /x, hyaline, inserted on lateral or
terminal scars of the hyphae.
Ovularia asperfolii, Sacc, Fung. Yen., ser. v. p. 186; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 735.
On leaves of Comfrey {SymiiJiytum oficinalis).
Those portions of the surface of the leaf opposed to the
spots are yellow.
Ovularia veronicae. Sacc (fig. 8, p. 274.;
Tufts white, often occupying nearly the whole of the
under surface of the leaf; hyphae long, branched; conidia
cylindric-ellipsoid, one-celled, colourless, size very variable,
12-30 X 5-6 IX.
Ovularia veronicae, Sacc, Svll., iv. n. 742.
Y 2
324 FUNGUS-FLORA.
^^Bamularia leronicae, Fuckel, Symb. Myc, p. 361 ; Berk. &
Broome, Ann. N.it. Hist., n. 1917, t. o, f. 7.
On under surface of leaves of various species of Speedwell ;
Veronica liederi folia, V. agrestis, Sec.
Ovularia Lamii. Sacc.
Tufts minute, white, seated on somewhat discoloured spots ;
hj^phae fasciculate, very short, simple, thinner than the
elliptical, continuous conidia which measure 18 x 0 ya.
Ovularia Lamii, Sacc, Syll., n. 744.
Bamularia Lamii, Fuckel, Symb. Myc, p. 3G1, t. 1, f. 25.
On leaves of Lamium.
Ovularia berberidis. Cke.
Hypophyllous, grej'ish-white, effused : h3'phae short,
t^iniple ; conidia elliptical, hyaline, 15-18 X 8-9 /a.
Ovularia herheris, Cke., Grev., v. 16 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 746.
On fading leaves of Berberidis asiatica.
Ovularia syringiae. Berk.
Hyphae decumbent, 300 /x long, conidia at first subglobose,
apex papillate, then elliptical, large, 50-75 /x long.
Ovularia syringae. Berk, in Grev., 1882, p. 15 and 115; al. o
in Gard. Chron., 1881, fig. 135.
On leaves of Syringa.
Ovularia obliqua. Oudem.
Spots subcircuLir, subochraceous when dry, bordered by a
red. margin ; hyphae on both sides of the leaves, but usually
•on the under surface, fasciculate, simple or with 1-2
small branclilets, colourless, aseptate or rarely 1-septate,
70-125 X 3-4 /x; conidia elliptic-oblong, one-celled, often
uhliqne, 18-28 X 9-12 ^.
Ovularia ohllqua, Oudemans, Hedw., 1883, p. 85; Sacc,
^V'll., iv. n. 150.
Peronosjwra ohliqua, Cke.
On fading leaves of Bumex crisjms, B. ohtusifolius, Sec.
Said to be the conidial stage of Spliaerella rumicis, Fckl.
«*
On Monocotyledons.
Ovularia elliptica. Berk.
Hyphae short, here and there nodulose, septate, springing
from creeping mycelium ; conidia elliptical, colourless, large.
SEPKDONIUM — ASTEROPHORA. 325
Oiularta elliptica, Berk., Gard. Chron., 1881, with fig.,
Giev., 1881, p. 51 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 752.
On several cultivated varieties o^ Lilium.
SEPEDONIUM. Link. (fig. 25, p. 313.)
Hyphae vaguely branched, creeping; conidia produced at
the tips of branches, solitary or 2-3 together, one-celled,
niinutely warted, hyaline or brightly coloured.
Sepedomum, Link, Obs. Myc, i. p. 16 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 140.
Most species are parasitic on fungi, and are the conidia 1
stage of species of Hypomyces.
Sepedonium chrysospermum. Fr. (fig. 25, p. 313.)
Hy[)hae eftu.sed, interwoven, rather thick, almost hyaline,
variously forked and branched, bearing short, spreadin«i-,
lateral conidiophores ; conidia solitary, globose, minutely
warted, very numerous, bright yellow, 13-17 /x diameter.
Sepedonium chrysospermum, Fr., Syst. Myc, iii. p. 438 ; Sacc,
S\ll.. n. 754,
Yery common on decaying fungi. Boletus, Agarics, &c.
Probably a true parasite, attacking the fungus early and
Mrresting its development. At first white, then bright yellow
and powdery from the ver}" numerous spores.
The conidial condition of Hypomyces chrysospermus.
Sepedonium Tulasneanum. Sacc.
Effused, ochraceous or with an olive tinge, hyphae
sparingl}'- septate, dividing into 2-3 subequal, short branches
near the apex, each producing at its summit an ochraceous,
elliptic-fusiform, warted conidium, 16-24 X 8-10 /x.
Sepedonium Tulasneanum, Sacc, Syll., vol. iv. n. 706.
Parasitic on various species of Boletus.
The conidial condition of Hypomyces Tulasneanus.
ASTEEOPHOEA. Ditm. (fig. 5, p. 358.)
Hyphae vaguely branched, creeping; conidia stellate'y
tuberculosa.
326 FUXGUS-FLOKA.
AsteropJiora, Ditm., in Sturm's Deutsclil. Fl., iii. p. 53 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 148.
Shown by Brefeld to l3e the cUamydosporous state of
the parasitic agaric Nyctalis.
Asterophora agaricicola. Corda. (fig. 5, p. 358.)
Hyphae filiform, septate, h^'aline, interwoven, sparingly
branched : conidia globose or broadly elliptical, stellately
tuberculose, rarely 2 conidia superposed, hyaline then some-
what dingy ochraceous, 18-24 //.
Asterophora agaricicola, Corda, Ic. Fung., yi. p. 8, f. 24;
Sacc, Syll, n. 770.
On the pileus o^ Nyctalis asteropliora, of which Brefeld Las
proved it to be the chlamydosporous condition.
Tribe G. Verticillieae. Sacc.
TEETICILLIUM. Xees. (fig. 9, p. 274.)
Vegetative hyphae creeping, septate, fertile erect, with
more or less elongated branches that are frequently branched,
and arranored in a vei ticillate manner : conidia solitary at
the tips of the branchlets, colourless or coloured, simple or
septate.
VerticiUium, Xees, Syst. der Pilze, p. 57 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 150.
In most species both primary and secondary branches are
arranged in a verticillate manner, and the secondar}^ branches
arc thickened at the base, tapering towards the tip bearing
the conidium.
A. Eu-VerticiUium,
Branches almost straight ; heads of conidia not involved
in mucus.
* WJdtisJi.
VerticiUium candelabrum. Bon.
Tufts white, at first minute, then often growing into each
other, velvety, fertile hyphae erect, septate, primary branches
few, scattered, shorter towards top of main stem, ultimate
YERTIC1LL1U:\[. 327
l^ranchlets thick at the hase, hecominjr thin at the tip, short,
usnally in whorls of three ; conidia elliptical, 4—0 x 3 jx.
Verticillium caiuleJahrum^ Bonorden, Ildbk., p. 97, f. 121 ;
Sacc, S}^!!., iv. n. 777.
On rotten wood, leaves, Scq.
Verticillium compactiusculum. Sacc.
Forming rather compact, effused white tufts, sterile
creeping hyphae scanty, fertile erect, septate, primary and
secondary branches in whorls of 3-4 ; conidia cylindrie-
oblong, 8-10 X 2-3 /x.
Verticillium compactiusculum , Sacc, Fung. Ital., t. 724 ;
SylL, iv. n. 781.
On various decaying vegetable substances.
Verticillium ampelinum. Cke, & IMass.
White; caespitose. Hyphae erect, sparingly branched,
ultimate branches mostly ternate, attenuated at the apex,
septate, conidia elliptic, hyaline, continuous, 10 X 4 /x.
Verticillium ampelinum, Cke. & Mass., Grevillea, vol. xvi.
p. 79.
On knots on vine stems.
Verticillium distans. B. k Br. (fig. 9, p. 274.)
Forming scattered, indistinct white patches, primary
branches 3-4, alternate, secondary branches attenuated at
the tip, in whorls, a whorl also terminates the main stem,
conidia colourless, elliptic-oblong, becoming distinctly one-
septate, 8-10 X 4 /x.
Verticillium distans, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Plist., n. 534,
t. 7, f. 16; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 784.
On herbaceous stems.
An examination of the type specimen in Berkeley's
herbarium at Kew shows that the conidia are distinctly
uniseptate at maturity, hence technically the species is not
a Verticillium; but as the agreement with this genus is
perfect in every other respect, it is retained here.
Verticillium terrestre. Sacc.
Vegetative mycelium creeping, interwoven, white, fertile
erect, septate, often wavy, sometimes branched once or twice
328 FlIXGUS-FLOKA.
in a forked manner, secondary branches short, in verticils
nsuallv consistino; of four branchlets : conidia minute,
j;lobose, colourless.
Verticillium terresirc, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 785.
Stachylidium terrestre, Grev., Scot. Cr3^pt. Fl., t. 257.
On the bare ground and on fallen wood.
Verticillium nanum. B. & Br.
Yery minute, white, barren hyphae creeping-, interwoven,
fertile erect, minute, wavy, branches short, in pairs or single ;
conidia elliptical, white, 5 x 3 yu.
VerticiUium nanum, B. & Br., Ann, Nat. Hist., n. 532, t. 7,
f. 18; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 789.
On pears.
A very minute and degenerate species, the whorls being
reduced to two opposite branches, sometimes onl}^ one.
Verticillium agaricinum. Corda.
Forming white, woolly tufts ; fertile hyi^iae erect,
septate, verticillately branched, the lowermost and most
vigorous branches with branchlets in verticils; bianchlets
jicute at the tip and bearing a single eiliptic-obovate
conidium (rarely more) at the apex ; conidia 14 X 5—6 //..
Verticillium agaricinum, Corda, Icon. Fung., xi. p. 15, f. 68;
Sacc, Syll., no. 790 (in part); (not Plowright, Grevillea,
pi. 150, f. A.)
On Agarics.
Verticillium. lactescentium. Sacc
Effused, white; hyphae erect, 8-10 /x thick, attenuated
towards the apex, septate, simple or with 1-2 branches
Towards the top, branchlets in whorls of 3-5, acuminate,
each bearing a single conidium at the apex ; conidia ellip)tical,
apiculate at the base, 25—30 X 10-12 fx.
Verticillium lactescentium, Sacc, Syll., n. 791 ; Grevillea,
pi. 153, fig. A.
On species of Lacfarius ; accompanj'ing Hypomyces terrestris^
of which it is the conidial form.
Verticillium microspermum. Sacc.
Effused, white; fertile branches erect, b-Q /x thick, apex
tapering, septate ; branches in verticils of 3-4, beai ing
\EHTicii.Liu:\r. 32^
Rccondaiy verticils of 2-4 aciiiinnate branclilets; conidia^
ttrmiiial, solitary, elliptical, 5 X -j {j^.
Vert'iciUium microspermuni, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 793 ; Grevillea,.
1)1. 154, tig. A.
On Fames annosus ; accompanying Htjpomyccs Broomcanus,
of which it is the conidial form.
Verticillium aspergillus. B. & Br.
AVhite; sterile hyphae scanty, ciee]»ing ; fertile branches
erect, septate, simple, rarely branched near the base, np to
150 /A long, repeatedly dividing near the apex, in a dicho-
tomous manner, the branches terminating in a verticil of 3-4
acuminate branclilets; conidia apical, solitary, elliptical^
o X 2 fx.
Verticillium aspergillus, Berk. & Broome ; Ann. Nat. Hist.^
n. 1384, pi. 8, 1. 7 ; Sacc, Syll., n. 795.
On decaying Porta vapor aria.
The habit is that of Clonostachjs araucaria, Cda. It i&
worth inquiry whether this may not be a state of Hijpocveai
furinosa. (B. & Br.)
Verticillium quaternellum. Grove.
Snow-white. Mj'celium very slender, intricately branched^
fertile hyphae short, hyaline, erect, almost cylindrical^
lemotely septate ; branches cylindrical, straight, simple, in
verticils of 3-4, and bearing 3—5 (most frequently fonr)i
conidia at the apex; couidia cylindric-oblong, hyaline, 7-8 fjL.
long.
Verticillium quaternellum. Grove, Journ. Bot., vol. xiii_
p. 10; t. 240, f. 7 ; Sacc, S^lh, n. 720. j
On Agaricus (Mycena),
**
Bosy, red, tawny, or yellow.
Verticillium epimyces. B. & Br.
Forming effused, rather dense patches, at first white, there
tinged with rose, primary and secondary branches usually
in pairs, opposite, tertiary branches short, becoming sharp
pointed, often also in pairs; conidia colourless, at first almost
globose, then elliptical, 9-12 X 5 /x when mature.
330 FUNGUS-FLORA.
VerticUlium ejnmyces, B. & Br., Ann. Xat. Ilist., n. 533,
t. vii. f. 15 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 798.
On various species of decaying fungi.
Verticillium. buxi. Aners. & Fleisch.
Forming eifused, minutely pulverulent, . very pale rose-
coloured tufts ; sterile hyphae creeping, interlaced ; fertile
erect, main branches short, in opposite pairs or whorls of
three, secondary branchlcts similarly arranged ; conidia
elliptic-oblong, with a faint rosy tinge when mature,
6-10 X 3-4 /x.
Verticillium huxi, Aners. & Fleisch. in Hedwigia, 18G7,
p. 9 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 800.
Not PeniciUium roseum, Cooke, as stated by Saccardo.
On the under surface of fading and dead box leaves.
Verticillium. lateritium. Berk.
Forming broadly eifused velvety orange-red or vermilion-
coloured patches ; sterile hyphae dense, creeping septate,
fertile erect, primary and secondary branches in verticils,
the whorls becoming smaller upwards, giving the whole a
pyramidal outline; conidia, like the hyphae, pale red by
transmitter! light, elliptic-oblong, 4—6 x 3 /a.
Verticillium lateritium, Berk., in Cke., Hdbk., p. 635 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 808.
On various decaying vegetable substances.
[Verticillium Vizei, B. & Br., in Yize, Microfungi, n. 247.
According to Saccardo, who has examined a specimen in
Vize's exs., this is the imperfectly developed mycelium of
Oospora perpusilla, Sacc. In the Kew copy there is onl}'
mycelium, and that only in small quantity.]
ACROSTALAGMUS. Corda. (figs. 6, 7, p. 358.)
Yegetative hyphae creeping, septate ; fertile hyphae erect,
septate, primary branches in whorls that become smaller
upwards, secondary branches also whorled ; conidia aggre-
gated in clusters at the tips of the branchlets and involved
in mucus.
Acrostalagmus, Corda, Icon. Fung., ii. p. 15; Sacc, Syll., iv-
p. 163.
ACKOSTALAGMUS— CLONOSTACHYS. 331
Eesenibling Verticillmm in habit, distinguished by the
cluster of spores involved in mucus at the tip of each
branchlet. By some the spores are considered as being
enclosed in a cell, as in Mucor, but it has been shown by
Berlese that the apparent membrane consists of mucus that
disappears at maturit}'.
Acrostalagmus cinnabarinus. Corda. (figs. G, 7,
p. 358.)
Tufts pulverulent, effused, orange-red or vermilion ; vege-
tative hyphae branched, septate; fertile hyphae erect, rigid,
septate, primary and secondary branches arranged in whorls,
clusters of conidia globose, conidia elliptical, very faintly
tinged rose, 3-5 X 1-2 /x.
Acrostalagmus cinvaharinus, Corda, Ic. Fung., ii., p. 15, fig.
66; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 139.
On various decaying vegetable substances.
CLOXOSTACPIYS. Corda. (fig. 15a, p. 313.)
Sterile hyphae creeping, continuous ; fertile, erect, simple,
continuous below, septate towards the apex and giving off
whorls of branches, usually in fours, from the septa ;
branclilets a^so beaiing whorls of branchlets, usually in
fours; branchlets subulate, the upper part densely covered
with white, continuous conidia, spirally arranged, and
resembling a compact spike.
Clonostachys, Corda, Prachtflora, p. 31, t. xv. ; Sacc, Syll.,
vol. iv. p. 165.
Clonostachys araucaria. Corda. ('fig. 15a, p. 313.)
Forming-minute white, downy tufts 1-2 line broad and
^ a line high ; fertile branches erect, simple and without
septa for some distance from the base, septate above, and
bearing verticils of branches at the septa, branches also
verticillately arranged, branches and branchlets in fours ;
the branches covered for some distance withcloselj^ crowded,
oblong conidia, the whole resembling a spike ; spikes
crowded, and forming a compact, elliptical head; conidia
5—6 X 2 /z.
Clonostach/s araucaria, Corda, Praclitfl., p. ol, t. xv. ; Sacc,
Syll., n. 849.'
o
32 . FUNGUS-FLORA.
On bark, wood, &c.
A very beautiful fungus, resembling an Araucaria in
ininiatuie when seen under a low magnifying power.
SPICARIA. Harz. (fig. 10, p. 274.)
Sterile hypbae creeping, branched, septate ; fertile hypbae
erect, septate, repeatedly verticillately branched towards
the apex, ultimate branchlets each bearing a diverging chain
of elliptic or oblong, pale or colourless, continuous conidia.
Spicarin, Harz, Hyph., p. 50 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. p. 166.
AVith the general habit of Verticillium, but distinct in the
lax, spreading chains of conidia.
Spicaria elegans. Harz. (fig. 10, p. 274.)
Tufts thin, effused, minutely velvet}'', whitish ; fertile
hyphae erect, septate, 2-3 times verticillately branched
above, ultimate branchlets tapering, chains of conidia elon-
gated, lax ; conidia elono-ato-elliptical, colourless. 5 x 3 /x.
/^j9«c«naeZe^a/?s,Harz,Hyphom.p. 51; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 853.
On bark, fungi, &c.
Var. muscorum, Grove, Joum. Bot., t. 256, f. 8.
Fertile hyphae 150-250 x 4-5 /x; conidia slightly larger
than in type, subacute at both ends, 9 x 3 /x.
On moss, wood, &c.
Forming a thin, white, pulverulent stratum.
Tribe 7. Gonato'^jotryteae. Sacc.
GONATOBOTRYS. Corda. (fig. 12, p. 274.)
Sterile hyphae creeping, fertile erect, septate, inflated at
the septae, inflated portions covered witli spicule-like pro-
jections that bear the cuntinuous conidia.
GonatrohatrySj Corda, Prachtflora, t. v. ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 169.
Must not be confounded with ArtlirohotrijSj which has
1-septate conidia.
GONATOBOTUYS— NEMATOGONIUM. 333
Gonatobotrys simplex. Corda.
AVhite ; tufts lax, miimte, downy ; fertile liyi>liac simple,
long, erect, furnished with many nodes or swollen |)ortions,
septate, fertile nodes globose ; eonidia hyaline, subglobose,
base apiculate.
Gonatobotrys simjjJcXy Corda, Prachtfl., t. v. ; Sacc, Syll.,
n. 863.
On decaying fruit of Tamus ; on hawthorn branches; on
old perithecia of VaJsa, etc.
Gonatobotrys flava. Bon. (fig. 12. p. 274.)
Tufts, minute, white then yellowish ; fertile hyphae erect,
simple, here and there inflated, the inflated portions covered
with spicules spirally arranged ; eonidia ellii)tic-oblong,
base subapiculate, 18-25 X 10-12 /x, at first colourless then
slightly tinged yellow.
Gonatobotrys fiava, Bonorden's Hdbk., p. 105, f. 22, 23 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 864.
On decayed wood, fungi, &c.
KEMATOGONIUM. Dosm. (fig. 13, p. 274.)
Sterile hyphae creeping, fertile erect, conspicuously
jointed, sterile joints thickened at both ends (bone-shaped j,
fertile joints globose, smooth ; eonidia elliptical, continuous.
Nematogonmm, Desmazieres, Ann. Sc. Nat., 1834, ii. p. 69;
Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 170.
Recognised by the thigh-bone-shaped sterile joints of the
erect hyphae interspersed with spherical joints bearing the
eonidia in loose clusters.
Nematogonium aurantiacum. Desm. (fig. 13, p. 274.)
Tufts orange-brown minutely velvet}', often considerably
eifused ; sterile hyphae very slender, septate, creei^ing ;
fertile hyphae erect, jointed, sterile joints inflated at both
ends, with conidia-bearing globose cells interposed here and
there ; eonidia obovate, base acute, 15 X 8—10 /x, with an
orange tinge, se&sile, arranged on the globose cells in loose
clusters.
Nematogonium aurantiacum, Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat.. 1834, ii.
t. 11, f. 1 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 867.
On rotten wood and bark.
o
34 rUXGUS-FLORA.
Nematogonium aureum. Sacc.^
Fertile hyphae erect, short, club-shaped, cousisting of
about four joints ; conidia elliptical, golden-3'ellow, sparsely
scattered.
Nematogonium aureum, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 868.
Aspergillus aureus^ Berk., Eng. Fl., vol. v. p. 3-iO.
On bark.
No specimen exists in Berkeley's herbarium, and the de-
scription is probably too brief to insure future identification,
although mycologists are not wanting who imagine they
possess the power of knowing exactly what species were
intended in such cases. Possibly self-assurance goes for
much on such occasions.
Sect. II. DIDYMOSPOEAE. Sacc.
DIPLOCLADIUM. Bon. (fig. 24, p. 313.)
Sterile hyphae creeping ; fertile erect and verticillately
branched; conidia elliptic-oblong or obovatc, 1-septate,
hyaline or clear and bright in colour, solitary or 2-3 at the
tips of the branchlets.
Dijploclaclium, Bonorden, Hdbk., p. 98 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. p.
176.
Diplocladium minus. Bon.
Tufts, small, white, silky ; fertile hyphae ascending,
oppositely branched; branchlets usually in threes at the
ends of the branches, tips slightly thickened ; conidia
obovate, 1-septate, slightly constricted, hyaline, 13-15 x
7—8 jx.
Diplocladium minus, Bon., Hdbk., p. 98, t. 0, f. 119; Sacc,
Syll., n. 871.
Diplocladium Henneyi, Sacc, Syll., n. 875.
Dactijlium Benneyi, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1383.
On trunks ; forming white, dow^ny patches 1-3 lines
across.
Diplocladium penicillioides. Sacc.
AVhite ; effused ; hyphae fasciculate, septate, 4—5 /x thick,
erect or ascending, vaguely branched, bearing at the apex an
DIPLOCLADIUM. 335
imperfect wliorl of 3-4 short, erect Lraiiclilets ; conidia
apical, solitary, elliptic-clavate, becoming 1-septate, 12-14
X O JUL.
DIpIocladium pcnicilUoideSy Sacc, Syll., n. 872 ; Grev., pi.
150, lig. b.
On decaying species of Polifjwruff, Agaricus, and Panus ;
along Hyjiomyces aurantiiis, of which it is considered to be the
conidial form.
DIpIocladium melleum. Sacc. (fig. 24, p. 3i;3.)
Forming minute, honey-culonred tufts ; hypliao branched
at tlie ajK'x, branchlets ananged in whorls, acute at the tip ;
<()nidia elliptical, base slightly attenuuted, almost colourless,
12-14 X o-G fx.
Diplorladium mdleiim, Sacc, Syll., n. 874.
Dacti/lium melleum^ 13. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1382,
t. 8, f. (5.
On old specimens of Pohjporus and Stcrcum.
DIpIocladium tenellum. Mass.
Tufts white or with a reddish tinge ; hj-phae aggregated,
fertile, short, slender, erect, septate, branchlets short, sub-
verticillate ; conidia slightly obovate, colourless, 1-septate,
in clusters of 3-4 at the tips of the branches, 12-13 X 6 /a.
Mucrosporium tenellum, Sacc, Syll., n. 924.
Pactylium tenellum. Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 413.
An examination of authentic specimens shows the spores
to be constantly 1-septate, hence the species cannot be a
Mucrosporium, as placed by Saccardo.
DIpIocladium m.acrosporum. Mass.
Sterile hyphae loosely interwoven, white then pale rose-
colour ; fertile subverticillately branched at the apex ;
conidia elliptic-oblong, apiculate at the base, colourless,
1-septate, 20-25 x 8-10 a, produced in clusters of 2-3 at the
tips of the branchlets.
Badylium macrosporum, Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 414; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 918.
On bark, moss, &c
The spores are constantly 1-septate, hence the present
species cannot belong to the genus Dactylium, where it was
placed by Saccardo.
336 FUXGUS-FLOEA.
DIPLOSPOPJUM. Bonord. (fig. 15, p. 27-i.)
Sterile hj^phae creeping ; fertile Lypliae ascending or
^erect, septate, vaguely brancHed ; conidia terminal on the
branchlets, usually solitary, 1-septate, elliptical or oblong.
Diplosporiumy Bonorden, Hdbk., p. 93; Sacc, Sjll., iv.
p. 178.
Closely allied to Diplocladiiim, differing only in the
l^ranchlets being scattered, and not in whorls.
Diplosporium album. Bon. (fig. 15, p. 274.)
Forming effused, lax, silky, snow-white tufts; fertile
liyphae ascending, septate repeatedly irregularly forked ;
<'onidia, oblong, 1-septate, constricted, 20-28 x 8 /x ;
hyaline, contents granular.
Diplosporium album, Bonorden, Hdbk., p. 99, f. 108 ; Sacc,
;Syll., n. 877.
On decaying stems of bean (Viciafaha) ; also on branches.
Var. fungicolnm^ Sacc, Syll., n. 877 ; Grevillea, pL 157,
€g. d.
Conidia elliptic-oblong base apiculate, remaining for a
long time continuous, then 1-septate, not constricted, 18—23
X i3-7 fji.
On Aethalium septtcum, along with Hypomyces fiolascens, of
-^vhich it is supposed to be the conidial form.
Diplosporium cervinum. Sacc
lllifused ; pale fawn-colour; hyphae branched, septate;
«conidia obovate, 1-septate, base apiculate.
Diplosporium cervinum, Sacc, Syll., n. 879.
Dadylium cervinum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 171G.
On branches of laburnum.
There is no specimen in Berkeley's herbarium, and owing
^o the absence of information respecting the mode of branch-
ing, it is uncertain whether the present belongs to Diplo-
sporium or to Diplocladium.
TPJCHOTHECIUM. Link. (fig. U, p. 274.)
Sterile hyphae creeping ; fertile, simple, erect ; conidial
"terminal, solitary, two-celled, colourless or brightly coloured.
DIPLOSrOKIUM — TEICHOTHKCIUM. 337
Tn'cotJiccium, Link, sp. pi. Fimi;i, i. p. 28; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 178.
TrichotheciL-m roseum. Link. (fii:;. 14, p. 274.)
Tufts minutely velvety, rather laro;e, often becominjr
confluent, at fitst white then pale rose-coloured; fertile
hv]»hae erect, short, without septa ; conidia pyriform, slightly
constricted at the septum, attached obliquely to the narrow-
apex of the conidiophore, 12-18 x 8-12 /x, pale rose or almost
colourless.
TricJiothecium roseum, Link, Ohs. Mycol., i. p. 10, f. 27;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 88 L
Dactyliuhi roseum, Berk.
On bark, leaves, fruit, paper, cheese, dung, tricted at the septum, colourless, 20-25 X 10-15 /jl.
Trichothecium candidum, Wallr., Fl. Crypt., n. 1879 ; Sacc,
Syll., n. 883.
On bark and decaying vegetable substances.
Care must be taken not to mistake bleached states of T.
roseum for the present species.
Trichothecium obovatum. Sacc.
White, forming exceedingly minute tufts; fertile hyphae
very slender, without septa; conidia colourless, obovate,
two-celled, not constricted at the septum, solitary or in pairs
at the tips of the conidiophores, 14-17 X 10 /x.
Trichothecium ohovatum, Sacc, Syll., n. 884.
Bactijlium ohovatum. Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 242, t. 14.
f. 2G.
On willow branches, springing from the exolete jDcrithecia
of a Sphaeria.
Trichothecium piriferum. Sacc.
Tufts, minute, white, often becoming confluent and
forming effused, minutely velvety patches ; fertile hyphae
aggregate, sparingly branched above ; conidia obovate, two-
celled, terminal cell largest, not constricted at the septum,
colourless, 20-25 x 10-12 /x.
VOL. III. z
338 ruNGUS-rLORA.
TricJwtJiecinm 2)iriferum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 885.
Dactylium piriferum, Fries, S. M,, iii. p. 413.
On dead stems and on the naked ground.
Trichothecium domesticum. Fries.
Tliis species lias been recorded as Britisli ; but examina-
tion of the specimens show it to be T. roseiim.
CEPHALOTHECirM. Corda. (fig. 11, p. 358.)
Sterile hyi)hae creeping; fertile hyphae erect, simple,
septate ; conidia oblong or clavate, 1-septate, hyaline,
forming somewhat of a head at the tip of the hj^pha.
Ceplialoilieclum, Corda, Anl., p. 57; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 180.
Diifers from Trichothecium in the conidia being produced
in clusters or heads.
Cephalothecium candidum. Bon. (fig. 11, p. 358.)
Tufts white, eifused, or minute and bursting through the
epidermis; fertile hyphae erect; subfasciculate, not sep-
tate, 40-60 X 5-6 fx; conidia obovate, 1-septate, con-
stricted, 12-14 X 8 /x, 3-6 springing from the apex of the
hypha.
Cei^halothecinm candidum^ Bonorden, Handbuch, p. 81, f. 89 ;
Sacc, Syll., n. 891.
On rotten branches.
AETHEOBOTliYS. Corda. (fig. 16, p. 274.)
Hyphae erect, simple, septate, nodulose; nodes furnished
with minute pointed warts spirally arranged, each bearing a
single conidium ; conidia elliptical or obovate, 1-septate,
hyaline or bright and clear in colour.
Arthrohotrys, Corda, Prachtfl. t. xxi. ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 181.
Arthrobotrys rosea. Mass. (fig. 16, p. 274.)
Tufts small, downy, pale rose-colour; fertile hyphae erect,
simple, sparingly se}>tate, 7-8 /x thick, having 3-5 vesicular
inflations at equal distances, swollen nodes, each bearii^g a
AliTHKOLOTIl YS — M YCOG ONE. 339
liead of coiiidia springir.g from minute spicules on the
nodes ; conidia broadly pyriforni, 1-septate, constricted at
the septum, upper cell almost globose, lower small, apiculate,
smooth, almost colourless.
Arthrohotri/s rosea, Massee, Journ. l\oy. Microscop. Journ.,
vol. v., p. 758, pi. 13, figs. G, 7 ; Sacc, Syll., n. 80G.
On wet rotten branches.
MYCOGONE. Link. (fig. 11, p. 274.)
Hyphae branched, interwoven ; fertile branches short,
lateral. Conidia unequally two-celled, terminal cell largest,
often warted.
Mycogone, Link, sp. pi. Fungi, i. p. 29.
There is some difierence of opinion as to whether the
conidia are in reality tw^o-celled, the so-called lower cell is in
most species not cut off from the conidiophore by a septum,
of which it may be the inflated apex.
Mycogone rosea. Link.
Forming effused, velvety, rose-coloured patches ; hyphae
slender, colouiiess, densely interwoven ; conidia obovate,
reddish, two-celled, upj^er cell largest, warted, lower cell
paler, smooth, 35-40 X 20-25 /x.
Mycogone rosea, Link, Obs., i. p. 16; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 899.
On various decaying Agarics.
Mycogone cervina. Ditm. (fig. 11, p. 274.)
Forming greyish woolly tufts; hyphae slender, white,
densely interwoven ; conidia t wo-celled, obtuse, fawn-coloured ,
upper cell largest, warted, lower cell paler, smooth, 28-30
X 18-20 /x.
Mycogone cervina, Ditm. in Sturm's D. F., t. 53 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 900.
On species of Peziza, as P. macropoda, &c.
Mycogone anceps. Sacc.
Tufts minute, ochraceous-olive, velvety, effused; hyphae
forked or vaguely branched, with scattered septa, yellowish ;
conidia sometimes almost globose, 20 /x diam., sometimes
z 2
40 FUNG US-FLORA
elliptical, 30-35 x 20, often slightly constricted at the basal
si ptum, contents granular, somewhat orange-colonr.
Mycogone ance^s, Sacc, Mich., ii. p. 372 ; Sacc, Syll.,
n. 902.
On dung, human and other.
Chlamydosporous condition of Piloholus ocdqms.
DIDYMAEIA. Corda. (fig. 17, p. 274.)
Parasitic. Ilypliae subsimple, erect, gregarious, bearing
a single two-celled, colourless conidium at the tip.
Didymaria, Corda, Ic. Tung., \i. p. 8 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 184.
Didymaria Ungeri. Corda. (fig. 17, p. 27-i.)
Forming subcircular ochraceous spots that become pale
M-ith age ; tufts white, minute, hypophyllous ; fertile hyphae
erect, fasciculate, slender, unbranched, without septa, oO-GO
X 3-4 fjL, bearing at the tlj) a single obovate-elliptic, colour-
less, l-sej^tate conidium scarcely or not all constricted at
iLe septum, 20-25 X 7-10 /x.
Didymaria Lngeri, Corda, Anleit., t. B., f. 9. I. ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 904.
On the under surface of living leaves of Hanunculus
vfjjnis.
BOSTIilCHONEMA. Cesati. (fig. 18, p. 274.)
Parasitic. Hj-phae erect, unbranched, spirally wa^-ed,
without septa, colourless. Conidia elliptic or oblong,
wo- celled, hyaline.
BostricJwnema^ Cesati, Erb. Critt. Ital., n. 149 ; Sacc,
Syll.. iv. p. 185.
Distinguished from Didymaria by the wavy or sj)iially
curved fertile hyphae.
Bostrichonema alpestre. Ces. (fig. 18, p. 274.)
Spots subcircular, ochraceous-brown ; fertile hyphae
forming white tufts on the under surface of the lenf,
t^pirally waved, 130-140 X 4-6 fi, sparingly septate, not
BOSTRICHOXEMA — DACTYLIU.M oil
constricted, slightly thinner to^varJs the tip ; conidia pr(,.
Coniosporium carbonaceum, Cke. & Mass., Grevillea, vol. xvi.
p. 79.
Gymnosporium carhonaceum, Cams, MS.
On leaves of meadowsweet (Sjnraea uhnaria).
Coniosporium olivaceum. Link.
Patches small, rounded or oblong, blackish-olivc ; conidia
heaped together, subovate or somewhat irregular, 4-6 /x long,
olive.
Coniosporium olivaceum, Link, Obs., i. p. 8 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 1131.
On wood.
Tribe 2. Toruleae. Sacc.
TORULA. Pers. (fig. 10, p. 313.)
Sterile hyphae decumbent, fertile branches short, or very
short and scarcely distinct from the chains of conidia.
Chains either separate or aggregated in fascicles (Tetra-
colium. Link), soon breaking up into their component
conidia, which are all alike, black or brown, continuous,
globose, oblong, or subfusoid.
Torula, Pers., Syn., p. 693; amended by Saccardo in
MicJielia, ii. p. 21 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 247.
Conidia smootli.
*
TORULA. 359
I. Eu-Torula.
On Dicotyledons.
Torula ulmicola. Eabenh,
Black, tufts Tinequally and often broadly effused, rather
shining ; conidia oblong, rounded at both ends, dirty brown,
semi-pellucid, in long, branched chains.
Torula ulmicola, Rab., Hdbk. Pilze, p. 35 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 1201.
On dead, slender twigs of Uhnus camjpestris.
Torula pulvillus. B. & Br.
Tufts minute, pulvinate, black, springing up in cracks in
the bark ; chains rather compact, erect, sparingly branched,
moniliform ; conidia oblong, ends rounded, 1-nucIeate.
Torula pulvillus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 463 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 1206.
On oak bark. Tufts about 1 mm. diameter.
FIGURES ILLUSTRATING THE DEMATIEAE.
Fig. 1, Pajndospora sepedonoides ; — Fi,^. 2, head of same ; — Fig. 3,
Botryosporium diffusum ; — Fig. 4, Two heads of same ; — Fig. 5, Asterophora
agaricicola ; — Fig. 6, Acrostalagmus cinnabarinus ; — Fig. 7, head of same ;
— Fig. 8, Camptoum curvatum ; — Fig. 9, Zygodesmus terrestris; — Fig. 10,
Monatospora pumila ; — Fig. 11, Cephalothecium candidiim ; — Fig. 12,
Haplographium olivaaeiim ; — Fig. l.S, Acrospeira mirahilis; — Fig. 14,
Periconia atra; — Fig. 15, Dematium hispidulum ; — Fig. 16, Acremoniella
pallida; — Fig. 17, Hadrotriclium arundinaceum ; — Fig. 18, Coniosporium
arundinis ; — Fig. 19, spores of same ; — 20, Gatenularia atra, Sacc. (not
British); — Fig. 21, Arthriaum caricicolum ; — Fig. 22, Virgaria umbrina ;
— Fig. 23, Cephalotrichum curtum ; — Fig. 24, Menupora ciliata ; — Fig. 25,
Trichosporium fuscum; — Fig. 26, Oedemium atrum; — Fig. 27, Gonio-
sporium puccinioides ; — Fig. 28, Thread of same, showing arrangement
of conidia; — Fig. 29, Menispora hicida; — Fig. 30, Chaetopsis grisea; —
Fig. 31, Verticladium apicale; — Fig. 32, Myxotrichum ochraceum ; —
Fig. 33, Thread of same, showing barbs ; — Fig. 34, Scolecotrichum sticti-
cum ; — Fig. 35, Chalara longipes ; — Fig. 36, Stachylidium cyclosporum
(after Grove) ; — Fig. 37, Bispora monilioides ; — Fig. 38, Dicoccum unisep-
tatum ; — Fig. 39, Gonytrichum caesium ; — Fig. 40, Passalora hacilUgera ; —
Fig, 41, Bolacotricha grisea, showing general aspect of a tuft, and a
single thread ; — Fig. 42, Spores of same in clusters, and free. (Ail the
figures are highly magnified.)
360 FUNGUS-FLOKA.
Torula monilioides. Corda. (fig. 10, p. 313.)
Tufts effused, black ; conidia elliptical, subtruncate at
both ends, 6-7 X 3-4 /x, smoky-brown, arranged in monili-
form erect chains.
Torula monilioides, Corda in Sturm's Deutscb. Cr. Fl.,
t. 38; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1217.
On rotten wood and branches.
Torula cylindrica. Berk.
Forming black, effused patches ; basidia short, cjlindric-
clavate, erect; chains of conidia short, decumbent; conidia
cylindrical, ends slightly rounded, dark smoky-brown,
7-9 X 5 /x.
Torula cylindrica, Berk., Engl. Flor., v. p. 359 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 1220.
On fallen branches.
Torula abbreviata. Corda.
Tufts small, black, soon confluent, chains short, of 3-4
minute, globose, greyish-brown, semipellucid conidia.
Torula ahhreviata, Corda, Ic. Fung., i. p. 8, f. 130; Sacc,
Syll. iv., n. 1233.
On herbaceous stems, wood, &c.
Var. sphaeriformis, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 464.
Not effused, but collected in little heaps; mycelium more
abundant than in type, fertile hyphae forked, bearing the
chains of conidia at the tips.
On decorticated branches of Pinus sylvestris.
Torula basicola. B. & Br.
Forming black, effused patches ; sterile hyphae creeping,
branched, here and there ascending ; fertile hyphae very
short ; chains of conidia short, in compacted fascicles ;
conidia subquadrate, dark brown, 6-7 /x diameter, not
narrowed at the ends, hence the chains present no con-
strictions.
Torula hasicola, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 465, t. xi.
f. 4; Sacc, Syll., 1237.
On stems of Pisum and Nemopliila.
Torula gyrosa. Cke. & Mass.
Forming small punctiform spots, black; conidia sub-
quadrate, three or four united in variously curved threads.
TORULA. 361
which are often adglutinated side by side, pale olive,
12 X 6-8 /x, scarcely constricted at the joints.
Torula gijrosa, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 10.
On rotting pine wood.
Torula pulveracea. Corda.
Tufts blackish-olive, very thick and powdery, oblong,
parallel, sometimes confluent, dense, stroma si3uriouj«;,
blackish ; chains of conidia branched ; conldia elliptic-
oblong, smooth, 1-2 guttulate, olivaceous, 7-11 X 4-6 /x.
Torula pulveracea, Corda, Ic. Fung., xi. p. 8, f. 38; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 1221.
On fallen branches, wood, &c.
Torula antennata. Pers.
Tufts effused, felt}'', blackish-violet or black with ochra-
ceous tinge ; fertile hyphae, filiform short, conidia oblong,
unequal, 10-15 X 3-4 /x, sometimes slightlj'' constricted at
the centre, but never septate, with 1-3 hyaline oil globules,
sooty ; in rather persistent, longish chains that are some-
times branched.
Torula antennata, Pers., Myc. Eur., i. p. 21 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 1189.
On rotten wood of Fagiis, Fraxinus, Vitas and Corylus.
Torula ovalispora. Berk.
Tufts flattened, powdery, circular or elongated, black or
with an olive tinge ; conidia in lung chains, very irregular
in form, broadly elliptical, fusiform, or oblong ; size vari-
able, 8-15 X 4-0 /x, clear pale brown.
Torula ovalispora, Berk., Engl. Flora, vol. v. p. 359.
Oospora ovalispora (Berk.), Sacc. et Yogi., Syll., iv. n. 30.
On rotten wood and branches.
Patches sometimes ^ in. across, black, powdery ; a typical
Torula. The above description is drawn up from Berkeley's
type specimen.
Torula expansa. Pers.
Tufts large ; chains of conidia aggregated or solitary,
simple, straight, rather rigid, subpellucid, jointed, joints or
conidia more or less quadrate, 7-10, central ones slightly
largest, 6-8 /x diameter, not separating, brown.
362 FUXGUS-FLOEA.
Torula ex^ansa, Pers., Myc. Eur., i. "p. 22; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 1231.
Hormiscium expansum, Kunz., Myc, Heft i. p. 13, t. 1, f. 7,
On herbaceous stems, rotten wood, &c.
The conidia are more or less quadrate, and may possiblj''
be only joints of an elongated conidium, slightly attenuated
at each end, and if so, will not properly belong to the
present genus, but to Hormiscium.
Torula herbarum. Link.
Tufts effused, minutely velvety, olivaceous then black
with olive tinge ; sterile hyphae creepiug, smoky, septate ; ,
fertile short, erect, soon passing into the elongated, simple
or branched chains of conidia. Conidia olive, subglobose,
6-7 fx diameter.
Torula lierharum, Link, sp. pi. Fungi, i. p. 128 ; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 1230.
On decayed stems of various herbaceous plants.
Torula nucleata. Cke.
Forming small, irregular, thinly effused, blackish patches,
mycelium creeping, thread with an attenuated hyaline base,
above resolved into 6-8 subglobose concatenate conidia,
which remain for a long time united ; conidia dark brown,
with a large oil globule, 10-12 fx diameter.
Torula nucleata, Cke., Grev., xvi. p. 79.
On herb stems.
** On Monocotyledons,
Torula graminis. Desm.
Tufts very minute, subrotund or slightly elongated ; at
first brown, then blackish; chains of conidia simple, erect;
conidia globose, equal, blackish, 5-6 fx diameter.
Torula graminis, Desmaz., Ann. Sci. Nat., 1834, ii. p. 72,
t. ii. f. 6 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1246.
On leaves of grasses and sedges.
Torula rhizopbila. Corda.
Tufts oblong, minute, then confluent and forming lines,
black ; hyphae simple or bifid, short, tinged brown ; conidia,
HORMISCIUM. 363
globose, equal, clear brown, translucent, 8-10 /x diameter,
very soon tree from each other.
Torula rhizopMla^ Corda, Icon., p. 8, t. 11, f. 127; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 1249.
On rhizomes of Carex arenaria, Phragmifes, Trltlcum repens,
and other grasses and sedges.
*** On paper.
Torula chartarum. Corda.
Tufts effused, indeterminate, black ; mycelium white,
branched, septate, white; fertile hyphae hyaline, short,
nodulose; chains of conidia long, branched, wavy or erect;
conidia elliptical, smooth, brown, 8-9 x o-G /x.
Torula chartarum, Corda, Ic. Fung., iv. p. 2-1, f. 78 ; Sacc,
Syll., n. 1260.
On damp decaying paper.
II. Tracliytora. Sacc.
Conidia rough.
Torula asperula. Sacc.
Tufts effused, sooty, velvety ; sporophores cylindrical,
simyde or forked, 30-33 x 4 /x, ascending ; conidia globose,
6-7 fjL diam., in chains, sooty-brown, minutely rough.
Torula asperula, Sacc, Mich., ii. p. 560; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 1269.
On damp rotting paper.
HOEMISCIUM. Kunze. (fig. 9, p. 313.)
Hyphae short or almost obsolete, or scarcely distinct from
the conidia. Conidia catenulate, chains not readily breaking
up, cuboid or globose-cuboid, brown.
Hormiscium, Kunze, Myk., Heft i. p. 12; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 263.
Very closely allied to the genus Torula, in fact the only
difference consists in the chains of conidia not
breaking up in the present genus.
SCA rUNGUS-FLOEA.
Hormiscium splendens. Sacc. (fig. 9, p. 3L3.)
Forming black, rather dense, velvety patches ; chains of
conidia becoming thinner towards the tip, simple or rarely
branched, straight or slightly wavy, up to 400 /x in length ;
conidia subglobose, siibcompressed in the direction of the
long axis of the chain, blackish-brown, remaining in chains
for a long time, at the base 10 jx diameter, rather smaller
towards tip of chain.
Hormiscium splendens, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1279.
Torula splendens, Cooke, Grev., t. 48, f. 1.
On bark.
Hormisciuni hysterioides. Sacc.
Tufts linear, short, often parallel, black ; chains of conidia
erect, crowded, equal, fi.liform, yellowish, remaining in
j^arallel bundles for some time ; conidia cylindric-cuboid,
semipellucid.
Hormiscium hysterioides, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1282.
Torula hysterioides, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 9, f. 139.
On rotten wood.
The Y>8\e chains of conidia remaining collected in bundles
for a long time mark the present species.
Hormisciuni stilbosporum. Sacc
Tufts erumpent, ^pulverulent, elongated, confluent, very
black ; chains of conidia simple or unequally branched,
wavy, conidia subquadrate, brown, 7-8 jj. diameter.
Hormiscium stilbosporum, Sacc, Syll., n. 1283.
Torula stilhospora, Corda, in Sturm's Deutschl. Fl., t. 46.
On branches of poplar and w^illow.
Hormiscium pithyophiium. Sacc.
Effused, thick, superficial forming very irregular black
patches; chains of conidia irregularly branched, branches
becoming thinner at the tips, rather wavy ; conidia cuboid
or globoso-cuboid, smoky-brown, 18-20 jx diameter.
Hormiscium pithyophiium, Sacc, Syll., n. 1286.
Hhacodium pithyophiium, Wallr., Fl. Cr., ii. p. 120.
On branches and leaves of Taxus baccata and species of
Abies and Pinus.
GYROCERAS — ECHINOBOTRYUM. 365
GYKOCEKAS. Corda. (fig. 11, p. 313.)
Sterile hyphae creeping, vaguely branclied. Conidia dark
coloured, cuboid, for a long time coherent in long cylindrical
chains that are more or less curved or circinate towards the
tip.
Gyroceras, Corda, Ic. Fung., i. p. 9 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 206.
Distinguished from Torula by the cuboid conidia forming
chains that are more or less curved.
Gyroceras plantaginis. Sacc. (fig. 11, p. 313.)
Forming rather large, iriegular, velvety, black patches on
the under surface of leaves ; sterile mycelium creeping,
branched ; chains of conidia erect, brown, springing in
fascicles, simple or rarely furcate, incurved ; conidia sub-
quadrate, 9-13 yu, or 10 X 5 /x, smooth, brown, 1-guttulate.
Gyroceras plantaginis, Sacc, Mich., i. p. 226 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 1295.
Torula plantaginis, Corda, Ic, iii. p. 5, t. i. f. 14.
On leaves of Flantago media.
Tribe 3. Echinohotryeae. Sacc
ECHINOBOTRYUM. Corda. (fig. 12, p. 313.)
Hyphae slender, simple or with short branchlets ; conidia
elliptical or lemon-shaped, smooth or minutely warted,
brown, continuous, produced in clusters at the tips of the
hyphae.
EcMndbotryum, Corda, Anleit., p. 10; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 268.
Echinobotryum atrum. Corda. (fig. 12, p. 313.)
Appearing as minute blackish tufts that usually become
confluent; conidia pear-shaped, fixed by the broad end, apex
beaked, pale, remainder brown, minutely warted, 10-12 x
6-8 /x, grouped in stellate clusters ; hyphae pale brown,
septate.
366 FUNGUS-FLOKA.
Ecliinohotryum atrum, Corda, Ic. Fung., iii. f. 6 ; Sacc, SylL,
iv. n. 1297.
Echinobotryum. leve. Sacc.
Loosely gregarious, effused, black ; hypliae short, simple
or with very short branchlets, sparingly septate, hyaline ;
conidia in loose racemose heads towards tip of hyphae, ovate
or somewhat fusoid, 12 x 6-7 /x, attenuated and more or less
apiculate at the apex, base subtruncate, smooth, sooty, paler
above, with a very short hyaline pedicil.
Echinohotnjum leve, Sacc, Mich., i. p. 82 ; Sacc, SylL, iv.
n. 1298.
On rotten wood, paper, dung, &c.
Specimens agreed exactly with the description, in regard
to the spores, but the hyaline hyphae belonged, I fear, to a
fungus upon which the EcJdnohotryum was parasitic I do
not think that E. leve is distinct from E. atrum, Ca., being
in fact merely '■'■ status junior''' (Grove.)
TEICHOSPOEIUM. Fr. (fig. 25, p. 358.)
Hyphae creeping, brown or pale, vaguely branched ;
conidia globose or elliptical, smooth, or minutely asperulose,
brown, rarely almost colourless, terminal or lateral on short
branchlets.
Tricliosporium, Fr., Summa Yeg. Scand., 2^- 492; Sacc,
SylL, iv. p. 288.
A somewhat doubtful genus, at least so far as British
species are concerned, and resembling a weft of broadlj^
effused felt-like mycelium, but here and there producino*
conidia.
Trichosporium umbrinuni. Sacc
Hyphae septate, brown, forming a broadly effused, inter-
laced stratum ; conidia rare, terminal on the branches,
globose, smooth, brown, 12-1-1 /x diameter.
Trichosporium umhrinum, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1413.
Colletosoporium umhrinum. Link., sp. pi. Fungi, i. p. 25.
Forming a dense felt overrunning plant-pots in a stove.
Also inside bark on rotten trunks.
TRICHOSPORIUM— STACHYBOTRYS. 367
Triohosporium fuscum. Sacc. (fig. 25, p. 358.)
Hj'-phae brownish, interwoven into a dense felt, repeatedly
irregularly branched, septate ; branchlets somewhat acute,
conidia elliptical, brown, 8-11 X 6-7 /x, forming lax racemes
at the tips of the branchlets.
Triclios^orium fuscum, Sacc, Mich., ii. p. G40; Sacc, SylL, iv.
n. 1400.
On rotten bark of pine and other trees ; often associated
with Moselliiiia aquila.
Trichosporium inosculans. Sacc.
Forming a dark brown, thin, minutely velvety crust ;
sterile hyphae much branched, septate, interwoven ; fertile,
erect, forked ; conidia elliptical, smooth, brown, 6 x 4 yu.,
Trichosporium inosculans, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1427.
Sporotriclium inosculans. Berk., Eng. Flor., v. p. 346.
On dead fungi, ThelepJiora, &c
Trichospormm murinum. Sacc.
Aggregated in minute tufts or effused, flocculose, greenish-
grey then blackish-brown ; hyphae dichotomously or vaguely
branched, septate, olive-brown; conidia inserted near the
tips of the branchlets more or less spicate, ovate, 10-12 X 8 /x,
ix-pex rather acute, 1-guttate, olive-brown.
Trichosporium murinum, Sacc, Fung. Ital., t. 740 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 1409.
On rotten branches and on old Fistulina.
Subsect. 2. Macronemeae. Sacc.
Tribe 4. Periconieae. Sacc
STACHYBOTRYS. Corda. (fig. 13, p. 313.)
Fertile hyphae erect, sometimes springing from a j)i'ostrate
mycelium, entirely brown ; conidia forming a head at
the apex, subglobose or elliptical, brown, sometimes
(spuriously?) 1-septate, produced at the tips of short,
specialised conidiophores.
Stachyhotrys, Corda, Anleit, p. 57 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 269.
Characterised by the crown of specialised conidiophores at
the apex of the erect fertile hyphae.
368 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Stachybotrys alternans. Bon.
Sterile hypliae creeping, branched, sparingly septate,
often minutely rough or papillose, blackish-brown, 3-5 /x
thick ; fertile erect, smoky or almost hyaline, slender, 3-5 ju,
thick, often simple, apex not inflated, bearing numerous
obclavate conidiophores, smoky or hyaline, 10 x 4-5 yu, ;
conidia terminal, elliptical, 7-9 X 5-6 fx, black, opaque.
Stachyhotnjs alternans, Bonord. ; Hdbk., p. 117, fig. 185;
Sacc, SylL, n. 1301.
On damp paper.
Stachybotrys atra. Corda.
Tufts delicate, black; hyphae dichotomously branched,
sparsely septate, yellowish-olive ; fertile branches ascending,
paler upwards; apical conidiophores crowded, erect, some-
what fusiform, almost colourless ; conidia elliptical, brown,
2-guttulate and (spuriou^^ly ?) 1-septate, smooth, 8-9 jx lonp;.
Stachyhoirys atra, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 21, f. 278;
Sacc, Syll., vol. iv. n. 1303.
On damp paper, damp walls, rotting wood, &c.
Stachybotrys lobulata. Berk.
Black, sterile h^-phae creeping, fertile branches ascending
or erect, simple or branched, pale upwards, crowned at the
apex by 4r-6 thickisb, almost erect, hyaline conidiophores;
conidia elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 /x, brown, smooth at first, but
distinctly warted when mature.
Stachybotrys lolidata, Berk., Outl., p. 343 ; Sacc, Syll.,
n. 1304.
Sporocyhe lobulata, Berk., Ann. Xat. Hist., n. 228, t. 13,
f. 17.
On damp linen, paper, etc.
Erom the articulated creeping mycelium, spring slender,
very minutely scabrous threads, branched proliferously ;
ramuli often alternate, attenuated, their apices swelling into
a pyriform, 4-5-lobed receptacle, from which spring elliptic
spores, some of which are echinulate, others smooth, with
two nuclei. The lobes are not mamillate, as in S. atra, and
the spores have no true septum. (Berk.)
Stachybotrys dichroa. Grove.
Hyphae scattered, erect, simple, hyaline, 3-8- septate,
PERICONIA. 369
flexnous, 150-200 X G ya diameter, thinner upwards, base
somewhat bulbous, apex crowned with 5-6 hyaline, simple
conidiophores arran<^ed in a compact verticil, 12-15 and 3-4 /x ;
conidia blackish-olive, oblonj^ (spuriously ?) 1-septate, apex
obtuse, base oblique and attenuated, involved in mucus
and crowded together to form a spherical, black, shining-
head.
StacTiyhotrys dicJiroa, Grove, in Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1306.
On rotten stem of Car dims palustris,
Stachybotrys asperula. Mass. (fig. 13, p. 313).
Effused; black. Hyphae abundant, creeping, dichoto-
mously branched, ascending, minutely rough, the tips
crowned with pale, clavate conidiophores ; conidia globose,
blackish-brown, opaque, minutely rough, 7-10 fi diameter.
Stachybotrys asperula, Mass., Grevillea, vol. xvi. p. 26.
On damp paper that had come from Ceylon, hence the
fungus may possibly be an introduced species, although first
noticed at Kew.
PERICONIA. Bon. (fig. 14, p. 358.)
Sterile hyphae creeping, often obsolete, fertile brown,
simple or with one or two short branches ; conidia usually
globose, brown, not catenulate, forming a compact head at
the apex of the stem.
Periconia, Bonord., Hdbk., p. 112 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 270.
Distinguished from Sporocyhe by the stem consisting of a
single hypha, whereas in the last-named genus the stem is
composed of a compacted bundle of hyphae. Differs from
Stachybotrys in the absence of conidiophores or short branch-
lets bearing the conidia at the apex of the stem.
Periconia byssoides. Pers.
Forming small black patches ; fertile hyphae simple, erect,
up to 1 mm. high, slightly attenuated upwards, apex,
whitish and slightly inflated, remainder dark brown, septate ;
head globose, compact ; conidia subglobose, apiculate, 5-7 /x,
diameter, dark brown, smooth (Berkeley says minutely
echinulate).
VOL. III. 2 B
370 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Periconia hyssoides, Pers., Syn., p. 686 ; Sacc, Sjll.,
n. 1310.
On decaying herbaceous stems, leaves, &c.
The discrepancy between rough and smooth conidia may
very possibly be due to difference of age in the specimens
examined.
Periconia atra. Corda. (fig. 14, p. 358.)
Forming blackish-brown, very thin stains ; fertile hyphae
very delicate, wavy, septate, sooty, somewhat incrassated at
the base ; head almost globose ; conidia subglobose, with an
apiculus, brown, rather pellucid, smooth, 4—5 fx diameter.
Periconia atra, Corda, Icon. Fung., vol. i. p. 19, f. 258 ;
Sacc, SylL, vol. iv. n. 1311.
On culms of grass, dead herbaceous stems, &c.
Periconia nigrella. Sacc.
Very minute, black, scarcely -J mm. high, fertile hyphae
simple, very slender and rather attenuated upwards, 3-5-
septate, dark brown ; conidia globose, smooth, brown, 5 /x,
diameter, forming a compact globose head.
Periconia nigrella^ Sacc, Syll., iv. 1328.
Sporocyhe nigrella, Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 226, t. xiii.
f. 16.
On fallen grass, leaves.
Periconia alternata. Sacc.
Forming minute, greyish-black, suborbicular tufts ; sterile
hyphae decumbent, slender, fertile ascending or erect,
branched in a zigzag manner; tips of fertile branches
swollen; conidia oblong, truncate at both ends, brown,
7-8 X 5 IX, compacted to form a globose head.
Periconia alternata, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1332.
Sporocybe alternata, Berk, in Cooke's Hdbk., n. 1698.
On damp paper.
Periconia podospora. Corda.
Tufts brown ; hyphae erect, flexuous or wavy, brown,
semipellucid ; septate, inflated and club-shaped at the apex ;
conidia subglobose or obovate, brown, with a minute hyaline
pedicel, 8-9 /x diameter, aggregated to form an oblong or
elliptical head.
CEPHALOTRICHUM. 371
Periconia podospora, Corda, Ic. Fung., i. p. 19, f. 255;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1317.
On stems of Heracleum spondi/lium, and otlier Umbellifers.
Periconia minutissima. Corda.
Tufts minute, brown, not much effused ; fertile hyphae
blackish -brown, pellucid, sparingly septate, erect and straight
or subflexuous, rarely branched, apex with nuiiierous nipple-
like projections that bear the globose, dark brown conidia,
8 /x diameter, compacted to form a globose head.
Periconia minutissima, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 19, fig. 256 ;
Sacc, SylL, iv.n. 1320.
On alder.
Periconia minima. Sacc.
Black, effused; fertile hyphae erect or ascending, often
forked, about 4-5 fx thick, brown, septate, apices hyaline,
obtuse but not inflated ; heads of coniclia rather large, more
or less spherical, black; conidia subglobose with a basal
apiculus, brown, smooth, 6-7 fx diameter.
Periconia minima, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1333.
Sporocyhe minima, Cooke.
On damp millboard.
(Described from the type S23ecimen).
CEPHALOTKICHQM. Berk. (fig. 23, p. 358.)
Fertile hyphae erect, brown, the apex divided into a
number of irregularly branched, spine-like, spreading
branches that collectively form a head ; conidia subglobose,
coloured, borne by the branchlets.
Cephalotriclium, Berk., Outl., p. 344 ; Sacc, SylL, vol. iv.
p. 275 (not of Link).
Distinguished from. Periconia and. Stachyhotrijs by the crown
of irregular, divided branchlets.
Cephalotriclmm curtum. Berk. (fig. 23, p. 358.)
Scattered, very minute, brown ; fertile hyphae erect,
short, slender, 1-2-septate, brown, apex branching to form a
head, branches 2-3-furcate, with acute spine-like branchlets;
^ conidia subglobose, smooth, 3-4 /x diameter, brown.
2 B 2
372 FUNGUS-FLOKA.
Ce^halotrichim curtum, Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 222, t. xi.,
f. 13 ; Sacc, Syll., n. 1336.
On dead leaves of Carex.
CAMPTOUM. Link. (fig. 8, p. 358.)
Sterile hyphae obsolete ; fertile simple, hyaline, marked
at regular intervals with brown rings; conidia more or less
boat-shaped, typically curved or inequilateral, continuous,
brown.
Camptoum, Link, Spec. PL Fungi, i. p. 44 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 276.
Eeadily distinguished by the hyaline fertile hyphae being
marked with brown rings at regular intervals, and the
terminal head of oblique spores.
Camptoum curvatum. Link. (fig. 8, p. 358.)
Tufts jet-black, velvety, often running into each other,
hyphae filiform, slightly thickened at the base, hyaline,
marked with prominent black rings, apex minutely verru-
culose, and bearing the conidia, which are collected into a
subglobose head, but soon disperse ; conidia ovate-oblong,
variously curved, sooty-black, 18-20 x 7-8 ya.
Camptoum curvatum, Link, Sp. PI. Fungi, i. p. 44 ; Sacc,
Syll., n. 1337.
On dead leaves of Carex paludosa, Scirims lacustris, Scuyus
syhaticus.
ACKOTHECA. Fuckel.
Sterile hyphae creeping or almost obsolete ; fertile hyphae
erect, simple brown ; conidia lusoid or cylindrical, brown or
fcubhyaline.
Acrotheca, Fuckel, Symb. Myc, p. 380; emended by
Saccardo, Mich., ii. p. 24; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 276.
Acrotheca solani. Sacc.
Fertile hyphae springing from dry spots, ochraceous, erect,
slender, 80-90 X 3 /x, sparingly or not at all septate, brown,
paler at the slightly attenuated tips, conidia cylindrical.
ACROTHECA — AETHEINIUM. 373
subacute at botli ends, many guttulate, not septate, hyaline,
18 X 4 /x, in clusters of 2-4 at the tips of the hyphae.
Acrotheca solani, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1342.
On fading leaves of potato (Solanum tuberosuDi).
Tribe 5. Arihrineae. Sacc. '
AETHEINIUM. Kunze. (fig. 21, p. 358.)
Sterile hyphae creeping or obsolete ; fertile somewhat
simple, hyaline, with thick black septa ; conidia lateral,
whorled, often in fours, fusoid, oblong, or columnar, conti-
nuous, brown.
ArtJirinum, Kunze, Heft i. p. 9 ; Sacc, Syll., vol. iv.
p. 279.
Distinguished from Cam^toum by the lateral whorls of
conidia.
Arthrinium caricicolum. K. & S. (fig. 21, p. 358.)
Forming small jet-black tufts ; fertile hyphae ascending,
rod-like, 50 x 4 /x, apex obtuse, transverse septa crowded,
thick, black, remainder hyaline; conidia fusiform, ends
obtuse, smoky, 50 x 8 /x, springing from the apex and
lateral septa in a verticillate manner.
Arthrinium caricicolum^ Kunze and Schm., Myk., Heft i.
p. 9, t. 1, f. 4; Sacc, Syll., n. 1349.
On dead leaves of Carex.
Arthrinmm sporophleum. Kze.
Forming small black tufts, hyphae slender, hyaline,
nodulose and with crowded black septa, simple, base some-
times slightly inflated ; conidia oblong or ovoid, somewhat
inequilateral, rather acute at both ends and with a colour-
less apiculus, in verticels of four, 9-14 fx long.
Arthrinium sporophleum, Kunze, Myk., Heft ii. p. 104 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1350.
On leaves of Carex and Juncus.
374 FUNGUS-FLORA.
GOXIOSPOPJUM. Link. (figs. 27, 28, p. 358.)
Fertile hyphae erect, distinctly nodulosely-septate ; conidia
lateral, opposite or verticillate, angular or globosely-angular,
sooty, minutely stipitate.
Goniosjjorium, Link, Spec. PI. Fungi, i. p. 45 ; Sacc, Syll.,
vol. iv. p. 280.
Distinguished by the fertile hypliae being distinctly
swollen or nodulose at the septa, and the more or less
angular spores.
Goniosporium puccinioides. Link. (fig. 27, 28,
p. 358.)
Forming small, gregarious, rounded, black, somewhat
shining tufts; hyphae distinctly swollen at the nodes,
nyaline, 3-4 /x thick, simple, bearing the conidia about the
middle, often sterile above, apex obtuse ; conidia globosely
cuboid or variously angular, 10-14 /x diameter, sooty brown.
Goniosporium puccinioides. Link, Sp, PI. Fungi, i. p. 45 ;
Sacc, Syll., vol. iv. n. 1354.
On dead leaves of Carex stricta.
Tribe 6. Tricliosporieae. Sacc.
VIRGARIA. Nees. (fig. 22, p. 358.)
Sterile hyphae creeping ; fertile erect, simple or forked,
or with a few erect branches, rather rigid, septate ; conidia
inserted near the tip of the stem and the branches, globose
or elliptical, sooty-brown.
Virgaria, Nees, Syst., xi. p. 14; emended, Sacc, Syll.,
vol. iv. p. 280.
Virgaria nigra. Nees.
Tufts effused or compact, somewhat circular; fertile
hyphae erect, dichotomously divided into slender, erect
dark brown branches that are attenuated at the tips ; conidia
globose, blackish brown, about 3 /x diameter.
Virgaria nigra, Nees, Syst, ii. p. 14; Sacc, Syll., n. 1356.
On rotten bark and wood.
ACEOSPEIRA — ZYGODES:\rUS. 375
ACEOSPEIRA. B. & Br. (fig. 13, p. 358.)
Sterile hypliae decumbent ; fertile erect, branched above,
septate ; tips of the branches somewhat spirally coiled, with
many septa ; conidia more or less globose, muricnlate pro-
duced at the sides of certain of the joints of the spiral tips
of the branches.
Acrospeira, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 952 ; Sacc, SylL,
vol. iv. p. 282.
Distinguished by the few rough spores being borne late-
rally on the joints of the spiral or curved tips of the
branches.
Acrospeira mirabilis. B. & Br. (fig. 13, p. 358.)
Fertile hyphae vaguely branched above, and closely
septate ; branches spirally coiled or curved at the tip, and
one or more of the cells near the apex bearing a more or less
globose, dark brown, minutely warted s^Dore 15-20 /x
diameter.
Acrospeira mirahilis, B. & Br., in Berk. Intr. Crypt. Bot.,
p. 305, f. 69a ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1366.
On fruit of Castanea vesca.
A most curious fungus, in which the dark granulated
spores are formed by a transformation of the second joint
from the top of the branchlets. All the four terminal joints
swell, but the second one only in general proves fertile,
though in a few instances the terminal joint is also trans-
formed. (Berk. & Broome.)
ZYGODESMUS. Corda. (fig. 9, p. 358.)
Hyphae creeping, irregularly branched, brown or pale
with numerous lateral swellings, the transverse septa appear-
ing as if they did not extend across the hypha ; conidia
globose or elliptical, coloured, epispore usually ornamented,
rarely smooth, springing from minute tooth-like prickles, or
from short, lateral branchlets, or sometimes from basidium-
like bodies bearing sterigmata.
Zygodesmus, Coiddij Icon. Fung., i. p. 11; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 283.
376 FUNGUS-FLORA.
The species usually form more or less dry, loosely inter-
woven patches on rotten wood, colour various shades of
brown.
Zygodesmus fuscus. Corda.
Effused, brown, somewhat crustaceous, surface velvety ;
hyphae branched, septate, reddish-brown, anastomosing and
interwoven ; conidia globose, echinulate, yellowish brown,
9-11 fjL diameter, borne singly on short, slender, lateral
conidiophores.
Zygodesmus fuscus^ Corda, Icon. Fung., iv. p. 26, f. 81 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 1370.
On rotten wood, branches, &c.
Saccardo ssijs that an Italian specimen, agreeing with the
present species in habit differs from Corda's figure in having
basidia with four sterigmata.
Zygodesmus terrestris. B. & Br. (fig. 9, p. 358 )
Efi"used, thin, brown, minutely velvety ; conidia somewhat
elliptical or lemon-shaped, echinulate at maturit}-, 12 x 8-9 /x.
Zygodesmus terrestris, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1915;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1372.
On the naked ground.
OEDEMIUM. Link. (fig. 26, p. 358.)
Fertile hyphae rigid, opaque, simj^le or slightly branched,
with lateral or terminal, subglobose, rather large conidio-
phores that bear numerous subglobose conidia.
Oedemium, Ling, Sp. PL Fung., i. p. 42 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 297.
The structure of the fungi constituting the present genus
is not well understood. Berkeley considers, and perhaps
•correctly, the large lateral structures described above as
•conidiophores, to be the true conidia, and these are in most
species multicellular.
Oedemium atrum. Link. (fig. 26, p. 358.)
Hyphae erect, simple or slightly branched septate,
blackish with a tinge of reddish-purple, opaque, densely
•crowded and forming a thickish black, effused layer ; conidio-
OEDEMIUM — MOXOTOSPORA. 377
phores Bubglobose, black; conidia minute, subglobose or
elliptical, scabrid, hyaline.
Oedemium atrum. Link, Sp. PI. Fung., i. p. 43 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 1448.
On branches and bark of lime (Tilia), &c.
Tribe 7. Monotosjjoreae. Sacc.
MONOTOSPORA. Corda. (fig. 10. p. 358.)
Sterile hyphae creeping, scanty; fertile hyphae simple,
distinct at the base, somewhat elongated, brown ; conidia
apical, solitary, continuous, brown.
Monotospora, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 11 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 299.
Distinguished from Hadrotrichum and Acremoniella in the
elongated, distinct, erect fertile hyphae.
Monotospora sphaerocephala. B. & Br.
Forming a dense, effused, black layer; fertile hyphae
erect, simple, sparingly septate ; conidia globose, smooth,
blackish-brown, more or less opaque, 21-26 /x diameter.
Monotospora sphaerocephala, B. and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
n. 819, t. ix. f. 5; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1459.
Monotospora repens. Mass.
Forming small black tufts. Threads short, flexuous,
simple or shortly branched, closely septate, especially
upwards, where the cells are about equal in length and
diameter, pale brownish above but hyaline at the base,
8-10 /x diameter; conidia solitary, apical, globose, dark
brown, opaque, 20-25 fx diameter.
Periconia repens, Cke., Grev., vol. xvi. p. 79.
On herb stems.
The solitary apical conidium removes the present species
from Periconia.
Monotospora pumila. Mass. (fig. 10, p. 358.)
Fasciculate or scattered ; fertile hyphae simple, subulate,
erect, septate, blackish-brown and opaque below, apex
paler, conidia broadly obovate, opaque, blackish-brown,
shining, 23-25 X 15-17 /a.
378 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Monotospora jyumila, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1463.
Helminthosporium pumilum, Mass., Journ. Eoy. Micr. Soc,
vol. v., p. 758 ; pi. 13, fig. 4 & 5.
Parasitic on Graphium flexuosum, also on rotten wood and
bark. Distinguished from M. megalospora by the smaller,
blackish, shining conidium.
Monotospora megalospora. B. & Br.
Forming small blackish tufts ; fertile hyphae erect, simple,
somewhat equal, septate; conidia obovate, smooth, ojoaque,
brown, 30-35 X 20 fx.
Monotospora megalospora, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n 759 ;
t. XV. f. 11, n. 943 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1460.
On bark of yew ( Taxiis).
Var. fusispora, B. & Br., I.e., conidia broadly and
obtusely fusiform, 28-30 x 23 /x.
On rotten trunks.
Monotospora asperospora. Cke. & Mass.
Effused, black, forming thin, velvet}'" patches ; threads
erect, short, attenuated upwards from a discoid base, without
septa, opaque and dark brown below, pale above ; conidia
globose, minutely warted, brown, 24-28 /x diameter.
Monotospora asperospora, C. and M., Grev., vol. xvi. p. 69.
On dead twiss of Clematis.
HADEOTPJCHUM. Fckl. (fig. 17, p. 358.)
Hyphae short, simple but thickish, brown, fasciculate at
the base ; conia globose or somewhat oblong, continuous,
brown, apical and solitary.
Hadrotrichum, Fuckel, Symb. Myc, p. 221 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 301.
Fuckel considers the members of the present genus as the
conidial condition of species of Scirrlda.
Hadrotrichum arundinaceum. C. & M. (fig. 17,
p. 358.)
Black ; at first in small spherical tufts, at length confluent
in velvety patches, threads branched, septate, creeping.
HADEOTRICHUM — ACEEMONIELLA. 379
sooty, standing up erect, simple, fertile branches, each
bearing a subglobose, opaque, nearly black conidium 30 yu.
diameter.
Hadrotriclium arundinaceum, Cke. & Mass., Grevillea, vol. xvi.
p. 11.
On dead Anindo cons^icua.
ACEEMONIELLA. Sacc. (fig. 16, p. 358.)
Hyphae creeping or oblique, simple or branched, hyaline
or coloured, having rather short conidiophores scattered at
intervals ; conidia globose or elliptical, brown, continuous,
solitary, apical.
Acremoniella, Sacc, Fung. Ital., t. 713; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 302.
Agrees in structure with Acremonium, but difieis in the
coloured spores.
Acremoniella fusca. Sacc
Hyphae expanded, delicate, cobweb-like, effused, brown,
conidiophorous branches attenuate or opposite, approximate,
conidia globose, brown.
Acremoniella fusca, Sacc, Syll., v. n. 1475.
Acremonium fuscum, K. & S., Myk., Heft i. 79, t. 2, f. 23 ;
Grev., Scot. Cr. FL, t. 124, fig. 1.
On rotten pine-wood, &c.
Acremoniella pallida. C. & M. (fig. 16, p. 358.)
Somewhat effused, forming pallid spots on dead leaves,
mycelium creeping, hyaline, fertile threads short, erect,
septate, hyaline, with short, lateral, acuminate branches;
conidia terminal, ovate, continuous, clear brown, 30-35 X
25 /i.
Acremoniella pallida, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 79.
On dead leaves.
^,
380 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Tribe 8. Hajylograjyhieae. (fig. 20, p. 358.)
CATENULAEIA, Grove.
Hyphae erect, fuscous, septate, bearing a cbain of conidia
at the apex ; conidia continuous, fuscous.
Catenularia, Grove, in Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 303.
Differs from the genus Cladotrichum in the non-septate
conidia.
Catenularia simplex. Grove.
Effused, black; sterile hyphae elongated, creeping, wavy,
ec[ual, fuscous, sejota rare, somewhat branched, 3-4 /u, thick ;
fertile hyphae gregarious, erect, although sometimes bent
or recurved, yet rigid, simple, 100-200 X 3-4 /x, fuscous,
septate, inflated here and there, or cupulate upwards, the
cups deeper in colour, and from the centre of the apical one
originates a simple, rigid, erect chain of conidia ; chain con-
sisting of 2-10 conidia, obovate or obconic, truncate at both
ends, olivaceous then fuscous, 10 x 5-6 /jl.
Catenularia simplex^ Grove, in Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1482.
On rotten wood.
HAPLOGEAPHIUM. B. & Br. (fig. 12, p. 358.)
Sterile hyphae creeping, scanty, fertile branches erect,
septate, brown, bearing a head of very short or elongated
branchiets at the summit, these in turn bear chains of simple,
coloured conidia.
HaplograpMum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., 1859, p. 6;
Sacc, Syll., p. 304.
Somewhat resembling Penicillium in general habit and
structure, but dark-coloured. In some species the terminal
branchiets bearing the chains of conidia are very short, in
others more or less elongated.
Haplographium delicatulum. B. & Br.
Forming dark olive patches; fertile hyphae erect, dark
olive-brown, simple or very rarely branched; sterigmata
CATENULARIA— HAPLOGEAPHIUM. 381
very short, scarcely distinguishable from the conidia, aggre-
gated at the tips of the hyphae ; conidia in simple or slightly
branched chains and forming a small dark olive-coloured
head, conidia elliptic-oblong, simple, olive, 4-5 x 2 • 5 /x.
Haplagraphium delicaiidum, B. & Br., Ann. Xat. Hist.,
n. 818, t. 9, f. 4; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1484.
On dead trunks.
Haplographium chartarum. Sacc.
Tufts minute, olive, suborbicular or irregular, 4-16 mm.
diameter ; fertile hyphae simple or sparingly branched
above ; chains of conidia simple or branched ; conidia oblong,
pale olive, 4-5 /x long.
Hajjlograpliium cJiartarum^ Sacc, S^'ll., iv. n. 1487.
Penicillium cJiartarum, Cke., Pop. Science Rev., 1871, t. 68,
f. 4.
On decaying paper, along with Sporodesmium alternaria.
Haplographium bicolor. Grove.
Fertile hyphae eifused, gregarious, erect, straight, sep-
tate sometimes 2-3 connate at the base, blackish-brown,
opaque, paler towards the rounded tip, base bulbous,
250-300 X 8 /A ; conidiophores numerous, radiating, pale,
fasciculately branched ; conidia oblong or ovate, subacute,
hyaline, 4-5 /a long, involved in mucus and forming an
obovate pale honey-coloured head.
Haplographium bicolor, Grove, Science Gossip, 1885, p. 197,
f. 127, 128; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1490.
On decayed wood.
Haplographium tenuissimum. Grove.
Effused, delicate, pale brown ; fertile hyphae unbranched,
\ mm. long, straight, filiform, base dilated, brown, semi-
pellucid ; head subglobose formed by the yellow fasciculate
conidiophores ; conidia elliptic-fusiform, 4-5 /x long, in lax
chains.
Haplographium tenuissimum, Grove, Sc. Gossip, 1885, p. 198^
f. 130; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1491.
Graphium tenuissimum, Cda.
On chips, wood, &c.
Haplographium saponis. Sacc
Black ; sterile hyphae creeping, fertile erect, forked at the
382 FUNGUS-FLORA.
tip ; branclilets turgid at the apex, eacli bearing 2-4 ratlier
long chains of conidia ; conidia globose, black.
Haplograjpliium saponis, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1499.
Penicillium sajponis, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1913,
X. O, 1. o.
On soap.
Haplographium olivaceum. C. & M. (fig. 12, p. 358.)
Somewhat effused, dark olive, nearly black ; threads erect,
septate, simple, dark, slightly clavate and paler at the apex ;
conidia narrowly elliptical, catennlate in simple chains,
12-14 X 4 /x, pale olive, forming a subglobose, rather lax
head.
Haplographium olivaceum, Cke. & Mass., Grevillea, vol. xvi.
p. 11.
On rotten wood.
DEMATIUM. Pers. (fig. 15, p. 358.)
Sterile hyphae scanty, creeping; fertile hyphae erect,
simple or sparingly branched, septate, producing lateral
chains of conidia. Conidia sphaeroid or ellipsoid, continuous,
brown, sometimes connected by a short isthmus.
Dematium, Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 365 ; Sacc, SylL, iv.
p. 308.
Sporodum, Corda, Ic. Fung., i. p. 18.
Dematium hispidulum. Fr. (fig. 15, p. 358.)
Tufts minute, hemispherical, setulose, black ; hyphae
simple or sparingly branched, septate, the upper naked
portion obtuse or often acute, brownish; conidia globose,
dingy ochraceous, at length minutely asperulose, the terminal
one largest and darkest coloured, 10-14 /x, diameter.
Dematium hispidulum, Fr., S. Myc, iii. p. 365; Sacc, SylL,
iv. n. 1500.
Sporodum conopleoides, Corda, Ic Fung., i. p. 18, f. 247, iii.
f. 22.
Conoplea hispidula, Pers., Sym., p. 235.
Dematium graminum, Libert.
On decayed leaves of Arundo donax and various grasses.
BOLACOTEICHA — MYXOTRICHUM. 383
Dematium vinosum. Mass.
Forming broadly extended patches of a chocolate colour.
Sterile hyphae creeping, colourless, septate, bearing here and
there erect, branched, septate conidiophores ; conidia con-
catenate, terminal on the conidiophores, shortly cylindrical,
ends truncate (barrel-shaped), vinous brown, 10-12 x 8 yu,.
Dematium vinosum, Massee, Grevillea, vol. xxi. p. 7, pi. 182,
f. 7.
On damp, gummed paper. Commencing as pure white,
waxy -looking j^atches ; the conidia are fully formed and full
sized before they become tinged with colour.
Tribe 9. Myxofricliea, Sacc.
BOLACOTEICHA. B. & Br. (figs. 41, 42, p. 358.)
Sterile hyphae more or less erect, simple, septate, some-
what circinate or curved at the tips ; conidia clustered into
small heaps, and held together by mucus, subglobose, hyaline,
shortly pedicellate.
Bolacotricha, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Bist., n. 506 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. p. 316.
The sterile hyphae stand up above the mass of spores, and
are more or less curled at the tips.
Bolacotricha grisea. B. & Br. (figs. 41, 42, p. 358.)
Tufts pulvinate, effused, grey ; sterile hyphae flexuous,
simple, equal or thickest downward, sparingly septate, pale
rufous, apex more or less spirally incurved ; conidia crowded
into giomerules, globose, granular within, 5-8 times the
diameter of the hyphae.
Bolacotricha grisea, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 506, t. v.
f. 4 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1534.
On rotten cabbage stalks, rotten sacking, &c.
MYXOTEICHUM. Kunze. (figs. 32, 33, p. 358.)
Sterile hyphae naked above, straight or circinate, very
much branched below, dark-coloured ; conidia variously
384 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
inserted on the branchlets, globose or ovoid, aggregated in
clusters and held together by mucus.
Myxotrichum, Kunze, Myk., Heft ii. p. 108; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. p. 317.
Allied to BolacotricJia, but distinguished by the sterile
hyphae being very much branched near the base.
Myxotrichnm chartarum. Kunze.
Hyphae very slender, decumbent, divaricately branched
below, almost simple upwards, interwoven into blackish-
olive tufts, the tips hooked ; conidia aggregated in clusters
at the tips of the basal branchlets.
MyxotricJium chartarum, Kunze, Myk., Heft ii. p. 110;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1535.
On damp paper, &c.
Myxotrichum cancellatum. Phil.
Tufts minute, subglobose, grey, } mm. diameter; hyphae
elongated, subulate, blackish, simple, elegantly cancellately
branched near the base ; conidia elliptical, 3 /jl long, some-
what hyaline, covering the network of branchlets.
Myxotrichum cancellatum, Phillips, in Grevillea; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 1539.
On rotten stem of Bartsia odontites.
Myxotrichum deflexum. Berk.
Tufts minute, slightly downy, gre}', hyphae radiating,
branched, branches opposite, deliexed, becoming shorter
upwards, branchlets few, short, acute; ccnidia elliptic-
oblong, collected in clusters towards the base of the tufts.
Myxotrichum deflexum, Berk., Ann. Kat. Hist., n. 122,
t. viii. f. 9 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1540.
On paper, rotten wood, &c.
Myxotrichum ochraceum. B. & Br. (figs. 32, 33,
p. 358.)
Yellow then greenish ; hyphae elongated, acute, branchlets
deflexed ; conidia globose, 3-5 yw, diameter.
Myxotrichum ochraceum, B. & Br., Ann. Kat. Hist., n. 1475,
t. i. f. 4; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1541.
On wood.
CHAETOPSIS — MENISPORA. 385
Tribe 10. Cldoridieae. Sacc.
CHAETOPSIS. Grev. (fig. 30, p. 358.)
Hyphae erect, bearing towards the middle irregular whorls
of short conidiophores ; couidia C3'liudrical, hyaline.
Cliaetopsis, Greville, Scot. Crypt. Flora, t. 236 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. p. 324.
Chaetopsis Wauchii. Grev. (fig. 30, p. 358.)
Hyphae gregarious, blackish-brown, rather rigid, subulate,
with short branchlets near the middle ; conidia cylindric-
oblong, abundant, hj^aline, aggregated in greyish masses.
Chaetopsis Wauchii, Grev., Scot. Cr. FL, t. 236.
Chaetopsis grisea,' Srcc, Syll., iv. n. 1569.
On rotten trunks, &c.
MENISPORA. Pers. (figs. 24 and 29, p. 358.)
Sterile hyphae creeping, scanty; fertile erect, septate,
brown, furnished with pellucid branches towards the middle ;
conidia fuso id-falcate, continuous or spuriously septate, hya-
line, sometimes (in subg. Eriomene^ with a delicate spine at
each end ; soon often bound into clusters by mucus.
3Ienispora, Pers., Mjc. Eur., i. p. 32 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p.
325.
*
Eu-Menispora ; conidia without spinules at the ends.
Menispora lucida. Corda. (fig. 29, p. 358.)
Tufts minute, brown ; hyphae erect, lax, unequally septate
or nodulose, brown and semipellucid below, paler above ;
conidia fusoid, sometimes slightly curved, obtuse, hyaline,
4-6 nucleate.
Menispora lucida, Corda, Fung. Icon., i. p. 16; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 1574.
On wood.
VOL. III. 2 C!
386 FUXGUS-FLOEA.
** Eriomene, Sacc. ; conidia ciliate at the ends.
Menispora ciliata. Corda. (fig. 24, p. 358.)
Tufts minute, somewhat effused, slightly tawny, with an
olive tinge ; hyphae erect, somewhat dichotomous, lax, un-
equally septate, sometimes incurved, olive-brown ; conidia
fusoid, curved, hyaline 16-17 {x long, furnished with a very
delicate long seta at each end.
Menisjjora ciliata, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 16 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 1583.
On rotten wood, bark, &c.
VEKTICICLADIUM. Preuss. (fig. 31, p. 358.)
Sterile hypbae creeping; fertile erect, sejotate, verticil-
lately branched above ; branches usually in fours, ultimate
branchlets subulate ; conidia continuous, single at the tips of
the branchlets, soon falling away.
Verticicladiumj Preuss, Fung., Hoyersw., n. 93 ; Sacc, Syll.,
p. 327.
Habit of Yerticillium, but belonging to the Dematieae.
Verticicladium trifidum. Preuss.
Tufts slender, effused, scarcely conspicuous, hoary-brown ;
fertile hyphae erect, septate, semipellucid, base dilated, with
spreading, verticillate branches above, blackish-brown ; coni-
dia globose, pellucid, white.
Verticicladium trifidum, Preuss, F. Hoyersw., n. 93 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 1586.
On rotten pine leaves, &c
Verticicladium apicale. B. & Br. (fig. 31, p. 358.)
Effused, olive-black ; hyphae erect, septate ; branches api-
cal, inflated at the base, whorled, short ; conidia globose,
brown, 6-8 jx diameter.
Verticicladium apicale, B. (fe Br. ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1588.
Verticilliiim apicale, B. & Br., Ami. Xat. Hist., n. 531, t.
vii. fig. 17.
On decorticated oak branches.
G0NYTKICI1U3I— STACHYLIDIUM. 387
Tribe 11. StacJujlidieae. Sacc.
OONYTRICHUM. Nees. (fig. 59, p. 358.)
Hyphae decumbent, branched, bearing here and there long,
swollen, spinulose nodes ; conidia springing from the tips of
the spines on the nodes, subglobose, almost solitary or col-
lected into heads, and sometimes involved in mucus.
Gonytrichiim, Nees, Act. Leop., ix. p. 24-1, t. lo, f. 14; Sacc,
SylL, iv. p. 320.
Gonytrichum caesium. Nees. (fig. 39, p. 358.)
Tufts minute, pulvinate, grey at first, then brown ; hyphae
rather rigid, septate; brown, apex paler, nodulose, spines
subulate, almost colourless; conidia elliptical, 2-8 x 1 />«.,
sometimes 2-guttulate, and looking as if 1-septate, hyaline.
Gonytrichum caesium, Nees, Act. Leopol., ix. p. 244, t. 15, f.
14; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1592.
On fallen wood and branches.
STACHYLIDIUM. Link. (fig. 36, p. 358.)
Sterile hyj)hae creeping, scanty ; fertile erect, somewhat
verticillately branched ; conidia aggregated at the tips of the
branchlets, globose or elliptical.
Stacliylidium, Link, Obs., i. p. 13; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 331.
Stachylidium cyclosporum. Grove, (fig. 36, p. 358.)
Fertile hyphae erect, paler and attenuated upwards, base
brown, 200-300 X 4 /x, septate and branched above, branches
2-4 springing from the septa, 2-4 jointed, dividing into
opposite or alternate branchlets, ultimate branchlets subu-
late, hyaline, bearing a head of conidia 8-10 p. diameter ;
conidia spherical, somewhat hyaline, 2-2 • 5 /x diameter, in-
volved in mucus.
Stachylidium cyclospora, Grove, Journ. Bot., 1885, p. 12, t..
257, f. 6; Sacc, Sylh, iv. 1607.
On fallen branches.
2 c 2
388 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Stachylidium extorre. Sacc.
Effused, fusco-cinereous, velvety; hyphae erect, cylindri-
cal, slightly thickened at the base, gradually attenuated up-
wards, 50-200 X -i-o /x, septate, opaque, dark brown, verti-
cillately branched towards the apex ; branchlets apical or
nearly so, paler, almost hyaline, 3-6 together, attenuated
above, bulbous below, simple or rarely again branched;
conidia forming spherical translucent globules 6-10 /x dia-
meter on the apex of the branches, at first involved in
mucus, then diffluent, oblong, 3-4 x 1 * 5 /x, hyaline.
Stachjlidium extorre, Sacc, Mich., i. p. 84 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 1603.
On dead wood.
Xo brown creeping threads at the base ; but many of the
stems were beaten down by the weather, and the apex curl-
ing -upwards looked like a very short stem. Occasionally the
stem seemed almost non-existent, and the crown of glistening
ramuli was seated directly on the wood. (^Grove.)
Tribe 12. Chalareae. Sacc
CHALARA. Corda. (fig. 35, p. 358.)
Sterile hyphae absent or obsolete; fertile ones simple,
short, straight, brown, sometimes flask-shaped ; conidia hya-
line, cylindrical, truncate at both ends, in chains.
Clialara, Corda, Icon. Fung., ii. p. 9; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 333.
Chalara longissima. Grove.
Fertile hyphae densely gregarious, erect, rigid, straight,
septate, equal, 150-170 x 4-5 /x, fuscous below, paler and
often somewhat inflated upwards, gradually passing into a
very long, white, flexuous chain of conidia more than twice
the length of the stem ; conidia fusoid, irregular, somewhat
acute at both ends, almost hyaline, continuous, 1-4-guttulate,
10-15 X 3-4 /x.
Chalara longissima, Grove, Journ. Bot., 1885, p. 12, t. 257 ;
f. 8; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1615.
On rotten wood.
DICOCCUM— BISPORA. 389
Chalara longipes. Cooke, (fig. 35, p. 358.)
Tuft s effused, inconspicuous ; mycelium branched, often
anastomosing, septate; hypliae simple, septate, brown, pel-
lucid, apex running out into a rigid, very fragile, simple,
dichotomous, or rarely trichotomous chain of cylindrical
conidia.
Chalara longipes^ Cooke, Grev., 1881, p. 50 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 1621.
On damp fallen pine leaves, pericarp of walnut, t^c.
Sect. II. DIDYMOSPORAE. Sacc.
Subsect. 1. Micronemeae. Sacc.
Tribe 13. Bisporeae. Sacc.
DICOCCUM. Corda. (fig. 38, p. 358.)
Conidia oblong or shortly clavate, brown, 1-septate,
springing from very short simple hyphae.
Dicoccum, Corda, in Sturm, Deutsch. FL, t. 54 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. p. 342.
Dicoccum uniseptatum. B. & Br. (f. 38, p. 358.)
Tufts minute, black; conidia obovate, 1-septate, vinous-
black, shortly pedicellate, 12-13 /x long, the lower joint
shortest and narrowest.
Dicoccum uniseptatum, B. & Br.; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1628.
Sporidesmium uniseptatum, B. & Br., Ann. Kat. Hist., n.
815, t. ix. f. 2.
On twigs of Clematis vitalba.
BISPORA. Corda. (fig. 37, p. 358.)
Conidia oblong, 1-septate, fuscous, catenulate; springing
from very short hyphae.
Bispora, Corda, Icon. Fimg., i. p. 9 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p,
343.
Distinguished from Dicoccum by the concatenate conidia^
390 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Bispora monilioides. Corda. (fig. 37, p. 358.)
Effused, blackish-brown, powdery ; liyphae or conidio-
pbores short, subcorneal ; conidia shortly fusoid, truncate at
both ends, 20-22 X 6-7 /x, with one thick septum, not con-
stricted, 2-guttulate, sooty -brown.
Bispora monilioides, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 9, t. 11, f. 143;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1632.
On oak and beech wood, especially the cut ends of trunks
and stumps.
According to Fuckel this is the conidial stage of Bisporella
monilifera.
Subsect. 2. Macronemeae. Sacc.
Tribe 14. Cladosporieae. Sacc.
PASSALOEA. Fries & Mont. (fig. 40, p. 358.)
Hyphae elongated, filiform, intricate, many - septate,
olivaceous; conidia oblong or fusoid, 1 -septate, acrogenous.
Passalora, Fries & Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 2, vol. vi.
p. 31 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 344.
Closely allied to Fusicladium, but distinguished by the
larger, pluriseptate conidiophores.
Passalora bacilligera. M. & Fr. (fig. 40, p. 358.)
."^-^'Hypophyllous ; hyphae somewhat fasciculate, simple,
wavy, apex obtuse, olive, septate, intricate, forming minute
sooty spots ; conidia acrogenous, elongato-obclavate, 1-sep-
tate, 30-50 X 5-7 fx.
Passalora hacilUgera, M. & Fr., Ann. Sci. Kat., ser. 2, vol.
vi. p. 31, t. 12, fig. 5; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1640.
On the under surface of fading leaves of Alniis glutinosa.
FUSICLADIUM. Bon. (fig. 3, p. 397.)
Hyphae short, straight, sparingly septate, somewhat
fasciculate, olivaceous; conidia ovoid or subclavate, for a
long time continuous, at length often l-sej^tate, acrogenous,
solitary or in pairs.
FUSICLADIUM— SCOLECOTRICHUlNr. 391
Fusicladium, Bonorden, Hdbk,, p. 80 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
11. 1642.
Fusicladium dendriticum. Fckl.
Effused, velvety, olivaceous, often growing on leaves in
a dendritic manner; hyphae filiform, erect, fasciculate,
50-60 X 5 /x, sparingly septate ; conidia apical, fusoid-
obclavate, 30 x 7-9 /x, for a long time continuous, then
1-septate, not constricted, olivaceous.
Fusicladium dendriticum, Fuckel, Symb. IMyc, i. p. 357 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1642.
On fading leaves of apple and pear; sometimes also
occurring on the fruit of the above-mentioned.
Fusicladium depressum. B. & Br. (fig. 3, p. 397.)
Tufts small, angular, up to 2 mm. across, blackish-brown,
composed of roundish fascicles ; hyphae simple, short, con-
tinuous, scarcely wavy, erect, olivaceous, 60-70 X 6—7 /x;
conidia obclavate-fusoid, 50-55 x 7-8 fx, sometimes curved,
multiguttulate, olivaceous, continuous, then constricted and
apparently 1 -septate.
Fusicladium depressum, B. & Br., Sacc, Syll., iv. n.
1646.
Cladosporium depressum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 514,
t. V. f. 8.
On under surface of living leaves of Angelica silvestris.
SCOLECOTRICHUM. Kzc & Schm. (fig. 34, p. 358.)
Hyphae short, somewhat fasciculate, olivaceous ; conidia
oblong or ovate, lateral and terminal.
ScolecotricJium, Kunze & Schm., Myc, Heft i. p. 10 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. p. 347.
Allied to Fusicladium, but distinguished by the conidia
being lateral as well as terminal.
Scolecotrichum sticticum. B. & Br. (fig. 34, p. 358.)
Tufts minute, point-like, gregarious, iDlack ; hyphae
fasciculate, nodulose or irregular ; conidia oblong-clavate,
1-septate, 40 /x long.
392 FUNGUS-FLORA.
ScoJecotrichum stlcticiim, B. & Br.; Sacc, Syll., iv. n.
1660.
Helminthosporium stidicum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n.
758 t. XV. f. 10.
On dead leaves of grass.
Scolecotrichum clavariarum. Sacc.
Hyphae densely aggregated, simple, short, straight,
obtuse, septate, blackish ; conidia oblong, 1 -septate, con-
stricted, pellucid or opaque, 15-20 X 8 /x, cells often unequal,
1-guttulate.
Scolecotrichum clavariarum, (Desm.), Sacc, Syll., iv. n.
1661.
Parasitic on Clavaria riigosa and C. fuliginea.
POLYTHEINCIUM. Kze. & Schm.
Hyphae erect, fasciculate, short, rather thick, distinctly
and regularly wavy or twisted, blackish ; conidia obovoid,
1 -septate, acrogenons.
Polythrincium, Kunze and Schm., Myk., Heft i. p. 13;
Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 350.
Polythrincium trifolii. Kze. & Schm.
Hyphae rigid, short, regularly twisted or waved, hypo-
phyllous, forming grumous olive-brown patches that often
become confluent, seated on yellow spots; conidia obovate,
1-septate, constricted, pale olive, 20-24 x 9-12 /x.
Polyth'incium trifolii, Kunze, Myk., Heft i. p. 13, t. 1,
f. 8 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 350.
CLADOSPORIUM. Link. (fig. 2, p. 397.)
Hyphae subdecumbent, branched, olive ; conidia at first
subglobose, then elliptical and typically 1-septate. Some-
times 2-3-septate and forming terminal or lateral short
chains of 2-3 conidia.
Cladosporium, Link, sp. pi. Fung., i. p. 39 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 350.
rOLYTHRIXCIUM — CLADOSPORIUM. 393
Erect, hyphae or conidiophores usually erect or ascending,
simple, branched, or nodulose, usually forming velvety olive
tufts or cloud-like patches on leaves, &:c. Less robust than
Helminihosporiiim and distinguished by the smaller, usually
1 -septate spores.
f On Dicotyledons.
Cladosporium epiphyllum. Mart.
Tafts minute, forming rather olive-black, circular patches ;
hyphae at first erect, then more or less declinate, branched,
much intermixed, pale olive ; conidia elliptic-oblong, con-
tinuous, then 1-3-septate, arranged in chains, olive 10-22 x
4-6 fx.
Cladosporium epipliyllum, Mart., Erlang., p. 351 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 1718.
On leaves of Quercus, Flatanus, Populus, Laurocerasus,
Hedera, &c., usually appearing on the under surface, under
the form of numerous small patches.
Cladosporiuni sphaerospermum. Penz.
Tufts conspicuous, aggregated, confluent, forming a velvety
layer; h^^phae erect, septate, brown, 150-300 X 3*5-4 fx;
conidia terminal or very near the apex, very variable,
generally spherical or elliptical, concatenate, rarely 1 -septate,
smaller form 3-4 x 4 /x ; larger 6-14 x 3 • 5-4 /x, olivaceous,
smooth.
Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Penzig, Fung. Agrum. in
Mich., ii. p. 473 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1688.
On fading twigs and leaves of Citrus.
Cladosporiuni fulvum. Cooke.
Effused, minutely velvety, reddish-brown ; hyphae erect,
wavy, sparsely septate, nodulose, sparingly branched,
brownish ; conidia elliptical, 1-septate, scarcely constricted
at the septum, pale fulvous, pellucid, 10-20 x 4-5 fx.
Cladosporium fulvum, Cke., in Eavenel's Fung. Amer. Exs.,
n. 599; Grevillea, 1883. p. 32 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1731.
Cladosporium lycopersici, Plow.
On living leaves of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).
Cladosporium lignicolum. Corda.
Tufts thin, rather compact, black, |-1 in. across ; fertile
394 rUXGUS-FLORA.
threads very sliort, simple or nearly so ; coinclia elliptic-
oblong, 1-septate, often in chains, dark brown and almost
opaque, 8-10 X 5-6 jx.
Cladosporium Ugnicolum, Corda, Icon. Fung., p. 14, t. iii.
f. 206; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1692.
On rotten wood.
Cladospormm brachormium. B. & Br.
Forming thin, effused, grey patches ; hyphae erect, wavy,
nodulose above ; conidia elliptic-oblong, in one or more short
terminal chains.
Cladosporium hracJiormium, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 515 ;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1736.
On leaves of Fiimaria officinalis.
Cladosporium juglandinum. Cke.
Forming small, scattered, sooty patches on the under
surface of the leaves ; hyj^hae septate, nodulose, slightly
wavy, blackish-brown at the base, paler above; conidia
apical, fusoid, 1-septate, pellucid, 35 X 9 /x.
Cladosporium juglandinum^ Cke., Grev., xvi. p. 80 ; Sacc,
Syll., SuppL, X. n. 7501.
On walnut leaves (Juglans regia^.
Cladosporium. herbarum. Link. (fig. 2, p. 397.)
Tufts dense, aggregated, confluent, forming an olive-
yellow, then blackish-olive stratum ; hyphae erect or ascend-
ing, brown or olive, septate, sparingly branched, 5-7 fx thick ;
conidia springing from near the tips of the hyphae, not at
all or very shortly concatenate, pale brown or olive, form
and size exceedingly variable, oblong, ovoid, oblong-elliptical,
cylindrical, simple or 1-3-septate, constricted at the septa,
smooth.
Cladosporium Tierharum, Link, Obs. Myc, ii. p. 37 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 1665.
On every portion of decaying herbaceous plants ; on wood,
paper, fungi, &c
Cladosporium nodulosum. Corda.
Tufts narrowly oblong, olive-brown then blackish ; hyphae
clustered, long, wavy, pale brown, apex generally incurved,
simple, with very short spurious, nodulose branchlets;
CLADOSPOEIUM. 395
conidia oblong or cuneate, simple or 1-septate, pale olive-
brown, 15-16 />t diameter.
Cladosporium nodulosum, Corda, Icon.,i. p. 15, t. iv. f. 212 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1666.
On rotten wood, herbaceous stems, leaves of grass, &c.
ff On JSIonoccAijledons.
Cladosporium Kniphofiae. Cooke.
Amphigenous ; spots olive, caespitose ; tufts minute,
gregarious or confluent, velvety; liypbae simple, erect,
flexuous, confluent at the base and fasciculate, nodulose at
the septa, pale yellow-brown ; conidia typically 1-septate,
afterwards sometimes 2-3-septate, twice the thickness of the
hyphae, elliptical, 25-30 X 10 /x, pale olive.
Cladosporium Knipliofiae, Cke., Grev., xiv. p. 40; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 1759.
On dead leaves of Knipliofiae aloides.
Cladosporium fasciculare. Fr.
Spots oblong, greyish ; tufts of hyphae minute, erumpent ;
tips of thehj^phae wavy, black, indistinctly septate; conidia
elliptic-oblong, continuous or rarely 1-septate, in chains that
break up and form a conglobated mass ; conidia numerous,
8 X 4-5 IX,
Cladosporium fasciculare, Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 370;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1758.
On stems of Asparagus, Lilium, &c.
Cladosporium orchidearum. C. & M.
Tufts erumpent, small, originating principally through
the stomata, olivaceous; threads short, spai in oly branched,
septate, rather slender and flexuous ; conidia elliptical,
uniseptate, pale olive, 17-18 x 5-6 jx.
Cladosporium orchidearum, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 80 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 7506.
On fading leaves of cultivated orchids.
Cladosporium sphaeroideum. Cooke.
Forming minute black, compact, gregarious, spot-like,
hemispherical, velvety tufts; hyphae densely fasciculate,
short, septate ; conidia olive, 20-40 X 7 /x.
396 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Cladosporium spliaei'oideiim, Cke. ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1745.
On leaves of grasses.
&'
fff On Acotyledons.
Cladosporium epibryum. C. & M.
Tufts very minute, black ; liyphae simple, short, flexuous,
septate, olivaceous, paler upwards ; conidia elliptical, rounded
at both ends, 1-septate, constricted at the septum, pale olive-
brown, hyaline, 18-20 X 10-12 /x.
Cladosporium epihryum, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvii. p. 76 ;
Sacc, Syll., x. no. 7509.
In the capsules of mosses. The present species was first
found on mosses collected in the United States.
Cladosporium algarum. C. & M.
Effused in irregular dark olive patches; threads erect,
sparingly branched, septate, olive below, pale and attenuated
above; conidia oblong, cylindrical, 1-3-septate, slightly
constricted, pale olive, 30-35 X 10 /x.
Cladosporium algarum, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 80.
On washed up fronds oi Laminaria jiexicaulis.
FIGURES ILLUSTEATIXG THE DEMATIEAE.
Fig. 1, Claclotrichuvi Cookei ; — Fig. 2, Cladosporium herharum ; — Fig. 3,
Fusicladium depressum ; — Fig. 4, Fusariella atrovirens ;—Fig. 5, Spondylo-
cladium fumosum ; — Fig. 6, Si:)oroc'hisma mirahile ; — Fig. 7, Sporidesmium
lohatum ; —Fig. 8, Clasterosporium vermiculatum ; — Fig. 9, Heterosporium
iypharum ; — Fig. 10, Helminthosporium fusiforme ; — Fig. 10a, Helico-
sporium Midleri; — Fig. 11, Triposporium elegans ; — Fig. 12, Cerato-
sporium digitatum ; — Fig. 13, Dendryphium griseum ; — Fig. 14, Coniothe-
cium viticolum; — Fig. 15, Tetraploa aristata; — Fig. 16, Brachysporium
ohovatum; — Fig. 17, Stempliylium asperosporum ; — Fig, 18, Septonema
irregulare ; — Fig. 19, Napicladium arundinaceum ; — Fig. 20, Dictyospo-
rium elegans; — Fig. 21, Alternaria hrassicae; — Fig. 22, Acrothecium
simpjlex ; — Fig. 23, Dactylosporium hrevipes ; — Fig. 24, Cercospora re-
sedas ; — Fig. 25, Macrosporium nohile ; — Fig. 26, Septosporium bulbo-
trichum; — Fig. 27, Speira toruloides ; — Fig. 28, Stysanus stemonites ; —
Fig. 29, Mystrosporium stemphylium ; — Fig. 30, Harpographium grami-
num ; — Fig. 31, Isaria farinosa ; — Fig. 32, Fumago vagans ; — Fig. 33,
Atradium flammeum; — Fig. 34, Grapiothecium parasiticum. (All the
figures are highly magDified.)
398 FUXGUS-FLORA.
CLADOTEICHUM. Corda. (fig. 1, p. 397.)
Sterile hypliae creeping, fertile ascending, rather rigid,
branched, dark-coloured, swollen here and there; conidia
1-septate, coloured, originating from the tij^s of branchlets ;
usually in short chains.
Cladotriclium, Corda, in Sturm's Deutschl. Fl. t. 20 ; Sacc,
SylL, iv. p. 370.
The dark, branched threads with nodulose swellings here
and there, and the 1-septate spores, mark the genus.
Cladotrichum Cookei. Sacc. (fig. 1, p. 397.)
Effused, black ; hyphae branched, forked, nodulose, septate,
upper joints inflated or cupulate, conidia oblong, constricted,
1-septate, obtuse, often collapsed at the extremities, and then
ai^parently truncate, 18-20 x 9-10 /x.
Cladotriclium Cookei, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1 78-4.
Cladotriclium unise^tatum, Cke., Grev., v. iii., p. 182, pi. 48,
f. 2. _
On sticks ; forming thick black velvety patches sometimes
nearly an inch in length.
Cladotrichum fuscum. Sacc.
Tufts thin, indeterminate, brown ; hyphae intricately inter-
woven, ascending, branched, wavy, branches diverging,
obtuse; conidia oblong, 1-septate.
Cladotrichum fuscum, Sacc, n. 1800 (not n. 1786).
Macrotriclium heterosporium, Grev., Ed. Phil. Journ., iii.
t. 1.
On dead capsules of Gentiana campestris.
Cladotrichum triseptatum. B & Br.
Eorming broadly effused, jet-black minutely velvety
patches ; hyphae repeatedly forked, septate, olive-brown,
5-7 IX thick, tips with one or more globose swellings; conidia
oblong, tips very obtusely rounded, 3-septate, constricted
at the middle septum, 14-16 x 7-8 /x, dark olive-brown, at
length nearly opaque.
Cladotriclium triseptatum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 511,
pi. 5, f. 7, ser. ii. vol. vii.
On stumps.
DIPLOCOCCIUM— CLASTEROSPORIU^L 399
The conidia are distinctly 3-septate in Berkeley's type
specimen. The present species so obviously belongs to the
present genus that it is retained here in spite of the conidia
being 3-septate.
DIPLOCOCCIUM. Grove.
Fertile hyphae erect, septate, branched, olivaceous ; conidia
catenulate, 1-septate.
Diplococcium, Grove, Journ. Bot., vol. xxiii. p. 1G7; Sacc,
Syll., p. 374.
Allied to CJadotriclmm, but distinguished by the less
rigid hyphae not being furnished with inflations here and
there.
Diplococcium spicatum. Grove.
Fertile hyphae gregarious, somewhat fasciculate, erect,
rather wavy, olive, septate, filiform, 200-300 x 4-5 /x,
furnished with a few alternate, long, spreading branches ;
conidia in chains of 3-4, opposite or verticillate near the
tips of the branches; conidia 1-septate, constricted at the
septum, oblong, 9-10 X 4-5 fx, olivaceous, pellucid.
Diplococcium spicatum, Grove, Journ. Bot., vol. xxiii. p. 167,
pi. 257, fig. 7 ; «acc., Syll., iv. n. 1802.
On rotten wood.
Sect. III. PHEAGMOSPOEAE. Sacc.
Subsect. 1. Micronemeae. Sacc.
Tribe 15. Clasterosjporieae. Sacc.
CLASTEEOSPOEIUM. Schw. (fig. 8, p. 397.)
Saprogenous; hyphae creeping, bearing here and there
solitary, fuscous, 2- many-septate, somewhat straight, fusoid
or cylindrical conidia.
Clasterosporiuirij Schweinitz, Syn. Amer. Fung., n. 2998;
Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 382.
400 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Clasterosporium hirundo. Sacc.
Densely and indeterminately effused, jet-black ; creeping
liyphae scanty, filiform, septate, sooty, then disappearing;
fertile liyphae very short ; conico-cylindrical, erect, sparingly
septate, sooty ; conidia very long, worm-like, often curved,
somewhat constricted here and there, attenuated upwards,
apex rounded, base wedge-shaped, truncate, septa crowded,
joints numerous (55-65), 200-230 x 15 /x, sooty-black.
Clasterosijorhim Mrundo, Sacc, Mich., i. p. 85; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 1814.
On rotten oak wood.
The typical form has not yet been recorded for Britain.
Var. Anglicum. Grove, Journ. Bot., 1886, p. 14, t. 267,
f. 5.
Forming aggregated, oblong or elongated, velvety, jet-
black spots ; hyphae somewhat fasciculate, short, cylindrical,
septate, 25-50 x 6-8 /x, fuscous ; conidia sooty-brown,
300-400 /x or even up to 450 /x long, lanceolate below, 15 /x
thick, attenuated upwards into a very long, cylindrical
beak 6-8 /x thick, 50-60-septate, cells of beak quadrate, apex
truncate, not paler.
On dead wood.
Var. minus. Grove, Journ. Bot., 1886, p. 14.
Densely gregarious, forming effused black spots ; conidia
lanceolate, attenuated into a long, cylindrical beak, 100-200 /x
long, 10-12 /x (beak 4—5 /x) thick, blackish-brown, semi-
pellucid, 30-50-septate ; conidiophore short or elongated,
rigid, 3-5 -septate.
On rotten wood.
Clasterosporium hormiscioides. Sacc
Effused, black, velvet^'" ; fertile hyphae or conidiophores
2-4 septate, ochraceous, 20-30 X 6 /x ; conidia w^orm-like,
conico-cylindrical, 150-180 x 12-15 /x, tortuous, 35-45
joints, smoky-brown, 1-2 terminal joints hyaline and more
or less swollen.
Clasterosporium Jiormiscioides, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1815.
On rotten wood and branches.
Clasterosporium vermiculatum. Cke. (fig. 8, p. 397.)
Effused, thin, black; mycelium creej)ing, simple or
CLASTEROSPORIUM. 401
"branched, septate, brown ; conidia erect, often fasciculate,,
cylindric-fusoid, blackish-brown, multi-septate, straight,
curved, or geniculate, obtuse and paler at both ends, 150—
200 /x long.
Clasterosporium vermiculatum, Cke., Black Moulds, t. 11,
f. 10; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1817.
On oak wood.
Clasterosporium. fasciculare. Sacc.
Tufts effused, black, opaque ; conidia crowded, erect,
obovate, very shortly pedicellate, usually 3-septate, scarcely
or not at all constricted at the septa, blackish-brown, almost
opaque, 30-40 x 20-25 fx.
Clasterosporium fasciculare, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1834.
On wood, especially birch.
Clasterosporium opacum. Sacc.
Unequally efl'used, jet black, opaque ; conidia very shortly
pedicellate, obloug, elliptical, obovate, or otherwise variable,
1-3-septate, more or less constricted at the septa, brown,,
then almost black and opaque, 25-35 x 13-18 fx.
Clasterosporium opacum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1836.
On elm trunks, &c
Clasterosporiuis. fungorum. Sacc.
Tufts effused, plane, jet black, 2-3 mm. across, compact,
superficial ; conidia densely fasciculate, fusoid, apex rounded,
25-28 X S fx, straight or unequal sided, 3-, rarely 4-septate,.
slightly constricted at the septa, the two intermediate cells
smoky and guttulate, attenuated at the base into a short,
cylindrical conidiophore.
Clasterosporium fungorum, Sacc, Miscell. Myc, i. ; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 1846.
Sporidesmium atrum, Grev., Cr. FL, t. 194.
On various species of Corticium, &c
Clasterosporium abruptum. Sacc
Forming little, black, pulvinate tufts, and externally
resembling a hairy Spliaeria ; conidia oblong or slightly
clavate, apex rounded, base attenuated into a very short
conidiophore, 3-4-septate, apical and basal joints short ; the
second from the top very long, 50-75 X 12-18 /x.
VOL. III. 2 D
402 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
Clasterosjporium ahruptitm, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1849.
Sjporidesmium abruptum, B. & Br., Ann. Kat. Hist., n. 1042,
1865, p. 11, pi. xiv. fig. 8.
Clasterosporium clavaeforme. Sacc.
Tufts small, effused, "black, opaque ; conidia fasciculately
crowded, erect, clavate, unequal, base narrowed, 8-10-
septate, pedicellate, blackish-brown, terminal joint paler.
Clasterosporium clavaeforme^ Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1859.
On rotten pine wood, &c.
Yar. leptopus, Sacc.
Conidia fusoid, elliptical, or clavate, unequal, 30-40 X
15-20 /x, apex rounded, 3-6-septate, scarcely constricted,
sooty, produced into a very short stem of the same colour at
the base.
On rotten wood.
Clasterospormm parasiticum. Sacc.
Parasitic, black ; conidia cylindrical, straight, G-8-septate,
twisted, brown, shortly stipitate, 50-70 x 10 /x.
Clasterosporium parasiticum^ Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1863.
Sporidesmium parasiticum, Cke., Grev., vol. vi. p. 74.
Parasitic on Pleospora mori on leaves of mulberry (^Morns').
Clasterosporium caulicolum. Sacc
Effused, black ; conidia somewhat fasciculate, cylindric-
fusoid, sooty, 7-8-septate, slightly constricted at the septa ;
pedicel obsolete.
Clasterosporium caulicolum, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1868.
On dry herbaceous stems.
STIGMINA. Sacc
Conidia ovoid or oblong, 2- many-septate, coloured, ter-
minal on short conidiophores, that are arranged in small
clusters ; growing on leaves.
Stigmina, Sacc, Mich., ii. p. 22 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. p. 294.
Differs from Clasterosporium in the conidia being crowded
into compact patches. Fiisariella is distinguished by the
fusoid, falcate conidia.
STIGMIXA — FUSAEIELLA. 403
Stigmina Visianica. Sacc.
Patches minute, scattered or gregarious, erumpent, be-
coming superficial, flattened, blackish-olive, slightly velvety,
hypophyllous ; conidia densely packed, but individually
distinct at the base, springing from a dark, cellular basal
stratum, elliptic-oblong, rather obtuse at both ends, 18-35
X 7-10 fji, 2-4 usually 3-septate, rarely with 1 or more
vertical septa, greenish-olive ; conidiophores very short,
hyaline.
Stigmina Visianica, Sacc, Fung. Ital., t. 930 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 1871.
On fallen leaves of Platanus orientalis.
Eesembles Cladosjporium ein^lujllum in habit.
FUSAEIELLA. Sacc (fig. 4, p. 397.)
Fertile hyphae simple or variously branched, short or
very short, somewhat hyaline, springing from a creeping
mycelium ; conidia acrogenous, fusiform, more or less
curved, 2- many-septate, olive or fuscous.
Fusariella, Sacc, Misc. Myc, i. p. 29 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 395.
Analoo'ons with Fusarium in the structure of the conidia,
but resembling a Torula in habit.
Fusariella atrovirens. Sacc. (fig. 4, p. 397.)
Forming minute patches at first whitish, then black with
a tinge of olive, hyphae whitish and radiating ; conidia
forming a pulverulent central mass, fusiform, olive, 3-septate,
24-32 X 5-7 /x, straight, or usually more or less angularly
bent or curved, the bending often due to the larger size of
the second joint of the coniclium.
Fusariella atrovirens, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1876.
Fusarium atrovirens, Berk., Engl. Flor., v. p. 351.
On stem and leaves of onion (^Allium).
2 D 2
404 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
Tribe 16. Septonemeae. Sacc.
SEPTONEMA. Corda. (% 18, p. 397.)
Sterile hypliae creeping, often obsolete; fertile hypbae
very sbort or scarcely distinct from tbe conidia. Conidia
oblong, pluriseptate, brown, catennlate.
Seponema, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 9 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 397.
Distinguished from ToruJa and Hormiscium by the septate
conidia.
Septonema spilomeum. Berk.
Tufts minute, scattered, blackish ; chains of conidia
branched ; conidia elliptic-oblong, 3-septate, rugulose, smoky,
25-28 X S fi.
Septonema sinlomeum. Berk., Hook. Journ. 1845, iv. jd. 310,
t. xi., f. 5 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1895.
On fallen "Avood, sawdust, &c
Septonema irregulare. B. & Br. (fig. 18, p. 397.)
Effused, thin, black, very irregular in outline ; conidia
concatenate, elliptic-oblong, 3-septate, slightly constricted at
the septa, 17-28 x 6-8 /x.
Septonema irregulare^ B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 942,
t. 15, f. 13; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1896.
On living branches of Pyrus mains.
Subsect. 2. Macronemeae. Sacc
Tribe 17. Helmintliosporieae. Sacc.
HELMINTHOSPORIUM. Link. (fig. 10, p. 397.)
Hj'phae rather rigid, subsimple, often nodulose, brown,
usually growing on wood and forming velvety, effused
stains ; conidia cylindrical, fusoid, or elongato-clavate,
smooth, 2- many-septate, rigid.
Hehnintlwsporium, Link, Berlin Mag. 1809, iii. p. 10;
Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 402.
SEPTONEMA — HELMINTHOSPOEI UM. 405
The species witli short subelliptical conidia, formerly
included in the present genus will be found under Brachy-
sporium.
Distinguished from Cladosporium by the conidia being more
than 1-septate at maturity.
f Conidia 2~3-sejptate.
Helminthosporium velutina. Link.
Effused, black, velvety ; hyphae filiform, 200-250 X 6-7 /x,
septate, smoky-black ; conidia from oblong to ovate-obpyri-
form, 25-30 X 11-13 /x, 3-septate, smoky, 3-guttulate, lowest
cell subacute, hyaline.
Helmintliosporium velutinum, Link, Obs., i. p. 8 ; Sacc, SylL,
iv. n. 1914.
On rotten wood.
Helminthosporium cylindricum. Corda.
Effused, velvety, fuscous ; hyphae subfasciculate, filiform,
long, simple, septate, sooty, paler upwards, 100-130 x 4-5 /x ;
conidia cylindrical, apex rounded, base acute, 3-5-septate,
14-15 X 2*5 /x, pale smoke-brown.
Helminthosporium cylindricum, Corda, in Sturm, t. ii. ; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 1917.
On rotten wood, beech, &c.
Helminthosporium simplex. Nees.
Thin, effused, black, toruloid, hyphae densely crowded,
simple or sparingly branched ; conidia pale, shortly fusiform,
2-3-septate.
Helminthosporium simplex, Nees, Nova. Act. Leop., ix. p. 241,
t. V. f. 11 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1921.
On willow wood.
Helminthosporium capitulatum. Corda.
Tufts minute, somewhat effused, glaucous brown ; hyphae
quite simple, erect, septate, clear brown, pellucid, apex
white, and crowned with an incomplete, whitish head of
conidia which are oblong, 3-septate, pellucid and white,
19-20 IX long, often curved, apical cells minute.
406 FUNGUS-FLORA.
HehnintJwsjyorium capitidatum, Corda, Icon. Fung., ii. p. 13,
t. X. f. 58; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1925.
On wood of Tilia, &c.
Helminthosporium molle. B. & C.
Soft and velvety, black ; liyphae simple, septate, wavy,
more or less nodulose, obtuse; conidia oblong or elliptic-
oblong, 3-5-se23tate, both ends obtuse, 20-30 x 4—5 /z.
Helminthosporium molle, Berk. & Curt., X. Amer. Fung.,
n. 633; Sacc, S3-IL, iv. n. 1942.
On branches of holly (Ilex), Passiflora, &c.
HelrQinthosporium exasperatum. B. & Br.
Hyphae fasciculate, flexuous, nodulose upwards ; conidia
springing from the nodes, cylindric-oblong, ends rounded,
3- septate, 30-45 X 10-12 fx, smoky olive, base apiculate.
Helminthosporium exasperatum, B. & Br., Ann. Kat. Hist.,
n. 1380, t. vii. f. 4; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1945.
On stems of Dianthus and Silene.
Helminthosporium parvum. Grove.
Thinly gregarious, brownish-black ; hyphae erect, septate,
pale brown, slender, straight, the base sometimes rather
incrassated, 80-90 X 3-4 /x, bearing at the apex a single
(rarely 2) conidium; conidia oblong, 2-septate, 12-15 x
5-6 fjL, apical cell somewhat quadrate and the basal one
wedge-shaped, pale yellowish, central cell larger, rounded,
brown.
Helminthosporium parvum, Grove, Journ. Bot. 1886, j). 203,
t. 267, f. 4; Sacc, Syll, Suppl. vols, i.-iv. n. 3626.
On oak wood.
Apical cell of conidium sometimes brownish, basal cell
always pale.
Helm-inthosporium. minimum. Cke.
Thinly effused, black; threads simple, erect, septate,
rather thicker than the diameter of the conidia; conidia
fusiform, obtuse at the ends, 3-septate, scarcely constricted,
hyaline, 12-14 x 3-4 /u,.
Helminthosporium minimum, Cooke, Grevillea, vol. xvi.
p. 80.
On dead decorticated branches.
HELMINTHOSPOEIUM. 407
fl Conidia 3-o-se2)tate.
Helminthosporium tilias. Fr.
Effused, lax or slightly tufted ; conidia cylindric-obclavate,
60 X 15 jjL, 5-pseudo-septate, sooty, terminal or fasciculate,
filiform, septate; hyphae of equal lengtli.
Hehninthosjyorium tiliae. Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 360; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 1950. ^
On dead, decorticated branches of Tilia.
Quite distinct from Exosporium tiliae, although, the two
bear a superficial resemblance to each other.
Helminthosporium Rousselianum. Mont.
Hyphae sooty-black, gregarious, simple, base bulbous,
apex pellucid, oblong, incrassated, nodulose, remotely
septate ; conidia fusiform, hyaline, 3-5-septate, 50 X 5 /x,
inverted laterally in the hyphae.
Helmintliosporium Mousselianum, Mont., Cast., vi. n. 84
Mont., Syll. Crypt., n. 1129; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1957.
On wood.
Helm.inthosporium. subulatum. Xees.
Hyphae subsimple, subulate, loosely aggregated, straight
conidia rather large, clavate, incurved, 3-4-septate.
Helminthosporium suhulatum, Nees, Nov. Act. N. C, ix.
p. 242 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1958.
On oak branches.
Helm-inthosporium. nanum. Nees.
Hyphae simple or furcate, nodulose, opaque, rigid, erect,
short; conidia subcylindrical, ends obtuse, 3-5-septate,
equal to or twice as thick as the hyphae.
Helminthosporium nanum, Nees, Syst., p. 67, f. 65 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 1962.
On rotten wood, stems, &c.
Helminthosporium. delicatulum. Berk.
Tufts soft, thin, black, hyphae subulate, slender, multi-
septate, brown, paler above; conidia subhyaline, oblong,
ends obtuse, 3-4 septate, curved cells sometimes vertically
septate.
408 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
HelmintJios^porium delicatulum, Berk., Ann. Xat. Hist., n. 233,
t. xiii. f. 20 ; Saoc, SylL, iv. n. 19G4.
On stems of Umbellifers.
Helminthosporium inconspicuum. C. & E.
Forming a very thin, cloud-like stain, hyphae elongated,
septate, nodulose, pale brown; conidia lanceolate, at first
4^6-nucleolate, then 3-5-septate, 80-120 X 20 //, epispore
thin.
Hehmntlwsjjorium inconspicuum, C. & E., Grev., t. 99, f. 19;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1969.
On fading leaves of Indian corn (^Zea mays).
Var. Britannicum. Grove, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1979.
Effused, brownish, hyphae subflexuous, scarcely nodulose,
4-5-septate, pale brown, 160-180 x 10 /x ; conidia oblong,
diaphanous, brownish endochroma divided then 3-5-septate,
60-100 X 18-22 fx.
On fading leaves of grass.
The type has not been met with in Europe.
Ilf Conidia 6- many-septate.
Helminthosporium macrocarpum. Grev.
Broadly effused, black with olive or smoke-brown tinge,
velvety; hyphae aggregated, subulate, simple or rarely
sparingly branched, septate, 350-500 X 15-20 fx; conidia
elongato-clavate, 6-9-septate, not constricted at the septa,
dingy olive, 50-90 x 15-20 fx.
Helminthosporium macrocarpum, Grev., Scot. Or. FL, t. 148 ;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1973.
On branches and trunks of Carpinus, Quercus, Fraxinus,
Castanea, Ulmus, Corylus, Acer, Cirsium, &c.
Helminthosporium fusiforme. Corda. (fig. 10,
p. 397.)
Effused, blackish-brown, coarsely velvety ; hyphae filiform,
waved, 100-140 x 5-6 /x, dirty brown, paler upwards,
septate; conidia fusiform, 30-40 X 9-12 fx, 7-9-septate,
dingy olive, paler generally at both ends.
HehnintJiosporium fusiforme, Corda, Icon. Eung., i. p. 13,
f. 194; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1974.
On branches and wood of hazel (^Corylus), Bohinia, &c.
HELMINTHOSPORIUM. 409
Helminthosporium apiculatum. Corda.
Tufts black, tomentose, effused, liyphae in fascicles, flexu-
ous, unbranched, 120-160 X 8 /x, tip minutely denticulate,
brown; conidia elliptic -fusiform, 6-8-septate, brown, 35-40
X 10-13 ya.
Helminthosporium apiculatum^ Corda, Ic. Fung., i. p. 13,
f. 191 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1975.
On wood.
Helminthosporium scolecoides. Corda.
Tufts broadly eifused, indeterminate, black ; hypliae
iDranched, angularly bent, rigid, brown, semipellucid ; conidia
very long, 8-10-septate, brown, subtorulose, 50-60 /x long,
terminal segment pale.
Relmintliosporium scolecoides, Corda, Ic. Fung., i. p. 13, f.
180; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1978.
On wood, herbaceous stems, &c.
Helminthosporium folliculatum. Corda.
Tufts minute, indeterminate, tomentose; hypliae lax,
branched, slender, flexuous, brown, 150-200 x 8-10 /x. ; conidia
very long, pod-shaped, thickish, brown, semipellucid, 6-7-sep-
tate, cells internally cuboid, 40-60 x 11-14 /x, paler at the
ends.
Helminthosporium folliculatum, Corda, Ic. Fung., i. p. 13, f.
180; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 1979.
On rotten wood, stems of species of Brassica, Zea, and
various Umbellifers.
Helminthosporium gongrotrichum. Corda.
Tufts minute, black, somewhat eifused ; hyphae simple,
curved, rigid, nodulose, at first brown then quite black and.
opaque ; conidia elliptical, 34-35 yu. long, attenuated at both
ends, 7-8 septate, brown, pellucid.
Helminthosporium gongrotrichum, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 13,
t. iii. f. 192; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1981.
On rotten beech wood, &c
Helminthosporium dendroideum. B. & Br.
Spots indistinct, scattered, very thin, hyphae erect, attenu-
ated upwards, septate, wdth short, lateral, conidia-bearing
hranchlets ; conidia oblong-fusoid, slightly curved, 8-10-sep-
tate, 55-65 X 8-10 fx^ brown, basal cell pale.
410 FUNGUS-FLORA.
JB.ehnintliosporium dendroideum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n.
946, t. xvi. f. 14; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1983.
On branches of Acer.
Helminthosporium densum. Sacc. & Eoum.
Shortly velvety, dense, blackish-brown ; conidia fusoid,
somewhat acute at both ends, straight or often vaguely
curved, -15-60 X 7-8 /x, 7-8-septate, not constricted, sooty ;
hyphae cylindrical, somewhat attenuated below, 20-40 X
4—5 • 5 /x, more or less septate and constricted, olivaceous.
Helmintlios])orium densum, Sacc. & Eoum., Rev. Myc, 1881,
p. 29 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 1985.
On 3Iorus alba,
Helminthosporium obclavatum. Sacc.
Effused, forming black spots ; hyphae erect, filiform, base
slightly swollen, 60-70 X 6-7 /x, sparingly septate, smoke-
brown; conidia solitary at the apex, obclavate-fusoid, be-
coming considerably attenuated above, 90 x 15 /x, apex
rounded, base truncate, 18-24-septate, brownish-black.
Helmintliosporium obclavatum, Sacc, Mich., i. p. 85 ; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 1989.
On rotten alder wood, &c.
Helm-inthosporium. Smithii. B. & Br.
Forming broadly effused coarsely velvety patches on wood,
or sometimes forming lines, or erumpent and formin.iz: reticu-
lated patches on bark, black ; hyphae unbranched, flexuous,
septate ; conidia apical, very long, multi-septate, straight or
wavy, olive brown, cells cuboid, epispore very thick, 80-150
X 8-12 IX.
Helmintliosporium SmitJiii, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 507,
t. V. f. 5 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. 1991.
On dead branches of holly, &c.
Helminthosporium. fusisporum. Berk.
Hyphae densely aggregated, sparingly branched, obtuse,
blackish; conidia fusoid, 6-7-septate, narrower than the
hyphae.
Helminthosporium fusisporum, Berk., Eng. EL, v., p. 336 ;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2000.
On rotten wood and branches.
HELMINTHOSPORIUM. 411
Helminthosporium macilentum. Cooke.
Broadly ettused, black ; hj^pliae erect, septate, olive-brown ;
conidia fusoid or subclavate, 7-10-septate, terminal on the
hyphae and for a long time persistent, 50-05 x 10 /x.
HelmintJiosporiiim macilentum, Cooke, Grev., t. 97, f. 18 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2002.
On rotten Avood.
Helminthosporium turbinatum. B. & Br.
Tufts thin, effused, velvety, brown ; hyphae slender,
simple, straight, obscurely septate, pale brown ; conidia
broadly turbinate, dark brown, subtruncate and apiculate
at the apex, the aj^iculus often falling away, 3-7-septate,
21-26 X 14-15 fx.
Helmintlwsporium turbinatum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n.
508, t. 5, f. G ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2005.
Helm-inthosporium. velatum. Corda.
Mycelium effused, black, subtomentose ; h^^phae simple,
short, thick somewhat nodulose, septate and opaque below,
apex thickened, continuous, semipellucid, furnished with a
white, diaphanous veil, blackish-brown ; conidia oblong,
5-6-septate, laterally adnate then deciduous, 36-37 /x long,
yellowish brown, pellucid.
HelmintTiosporium velatum, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 13, t.
Ill, f. 183 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2006.
On rotten wood.
Helminthosporium. rhabdiferum. B. & Br.
Forming variously sized and rounded, intensely black
patches, sparingly branched, septate, very short ; conidia
straight, at first oblong aud pale, 1-2-septate, then elongating
and becoming sublinear, 7-11 -septate, deep brown, torulose,
50-100 /A long.
Helmintliosporium rliahdiferum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
n. 1053, (1865) ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2010.
On rij)e peaches.
Helminthosporium rhopaloides. Fres.
Effused, velvety, blackish-olive ; hyphae terete, 150 X 9 /x,
straight, septate, smoky-brown ; conidia cylindric-clavate.
412 FUNGUS-FLOE A.
obtuse at tlie ends, 9-12-septate, 60 X 10-11, produced at tlie
tips of terminal branchlets, brown, terminal cell pale.
Helmint}iosj)orium rhopaloides, Fres., Beitr. Myk., p. 50, t.
vi., f. 15-21 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2013.
On rotten stems of Dianthus, Brassica, &c.
BRACHYSPORIUM. Sacc. (fig. 16, p. 397.)
Hyphae rigid, subsimple, brown ; conidia ovoid or piri-
form, brown, 2- or few-septate, brown. Often growing on
wood.
Brachysporium, Sacc, SylL, iv. p. 423.
Hehmnt/wspormm, of authors (in part).
Distinguished from Helminthosporinm by the shortness of
the conidia. It is very doubtful whether relative size of
conidia is sufficient to constitute a valid generic character
when all other characters are common ; however, we have
accepted Saccardo's genus, as in the present group any
character that tends to individualise a group is of service,
whether of generic value or not.
Brachysporium stemphylioides. Sacc.
Tufts effused, black, velvety ; hyphae short, simple, pale,
crowded ; conidia terDiinal, solitary, large, obovate, 5-6-sep-
tate, not constricted at the septa, the two central cells dark,
the terminal ones colourless or yellowish, 35-37 X 16-18 />t.
Brachysporium stemphylioides, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2037.
HelmintJiosporium stemphylioides j Corda, Prachtfl., p. 7,
t. 4.
On dead wood.
Brachysporium Salisburiae. Sacc.
Hyphae torulose, 4-5 /x diam., yellow-brown, aggregated
into minute blackish- olive tufts ; conidia at first ovoid, hya-
line, 2-guttulate, afterwards larger, 2-3-septate, 14-21 x
6—7 /JL.
Brachysporium Salishurae, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2037.
On fallen leaves of Salisburia.
Brachysporium oosporum. Sacc.
Tufts small, black, hyphae scattered, simple, blackish
BRACHYSPOKIUM. 413
brown, rather pellucid ; conidia oblong-ovoid, yellow-brown,
pellucid, 18-20 fx in length.
Brachysporium oosporum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2040.
Helminthosporium oosporum, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 14,
f. 200.
On decaying trunks, branches, &c.
Brachysporium altum. Sacc.
Tufts effused, tomentose, black ; hyphae slender, elon-
gated, simple, subpellucid then very black and opaque, bear-
ing conidia at the apex ; conidia oblong or piriform, attenu-
ated below, 7-9-septate, blackish-brown, pellucid, lowest cell
very small, uppermost one much larger.
Brachysporium altum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2044.
Hehninthosporium altum, Preuss, Fung. Hoyersw., n. 59 ;
and in Sturm's Deutschl. Cr. H., t. 17.
On rotten wood.
Brachysporium hyalosperm.um. Sacc.
Tufts somewhat eifused, black ; hyphae simple, straight,
rigid, fuscous, more or less pellucid ; conidia minute, ob-
ovate, 3-septate, 18-20 fx long, colourless.
Bracliysporium liyalospermum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2047.
On rotten wood.
Brachysporium apicale. Sacc.
Hyphae simple, equal, septate, attenuated upwards, terminal
cell verruculose and conidia- bearing; conidia apical, elliptical,
3-septate, brown, dark in the centre and hyaline at either
extremity, 17-18 jx long.
Bracliysporium apicah, Sacc, Sjdl., n. 2048.
Helminthosporiiim apicale, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 947,
t. xvi. f. 15.
On fallen branches.
Brachysporium. Bloxam.!. Sacc.
Sparingly effused, black, hyphae erect, rigid, opaque,
slender, simple or rarely furcate, base generally slightly
inflated; conidia terminal, elliptic-clavate, 3-celled, brown,
25-27 X 12-14 II, epispore thin.
Bracliysporium Bloxami, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2049.
Helmintliosporium Bloxami, Cke., Grevillea, xii. p. 36.
On naked wood.
414 rUXGUS-FLOKA.
Brachysporium obovatum. Sacc. (fig. 16, p. 397.)
Forming dense black velvety patches, hyphae erect, simple,
septate, subulate, base slightly incrassated ; conidia apical,
solitary, obovate, 2- septate, slightly constricted at the septa,
brown, upper cell large, rounded at the free end, lowest cell
minute, acute, 23-26 x 11-14 /x.
Brachysjwrium obovatum, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2052.
Hehninthos^orium obovatum, Berk., Ann. Xat. Hist., n. 232,
t. xiii. f. 19.
On. rotten wood. The conidia are opaque and black and
highly polished, shining like black glas.s beads when exa-
mined in situ under a 1-in. objective.
Brachysporium tingens. Sacc.
Forming slightly efiused, • thin, black patches that tinge
the matrix of a purple colour ; hyphae long, rigid, erect,
septate, simple, cells short, brown ; conidia generally termi-
nal, elliptic-clavate, 3 or rarely 4-septate, paler than the
hyphae, epispore thin, 30 x 10 fx.
Braclii/sporium tingens, Sacc, Sjdl., iv. n. 2053.
Helminthosjporhim tingens, Cke., Grev., vii. p. 37.
On rotten wood, Eemarkable for imparting a purplish
tinge to the matrix.
Brachysporium. biseptatum. Sacc. & Eoum.
Tufts minute, black, hyphae fasciculate, filiform 300 X 10 /x,
septate, almost straight, rounded at the tip, deep smoky-
brown ; conidia elliptical, 25-30 X 15 /x, rounded at both
ends, 2-septate, not constricted, smooth, smoky-olive.
Braclujsporium bise2)tatum, iiixco. & Eoum., Mich., ii. p." 641 ;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2061.
On putrid stems.
Brachysporium ellipticum. B. & Br.
Tufts black, very minute ; fertile threads short, erect,
simple or rarely forked above, septate, dark and opaque
below, paler upwards; conidia elliptical, smooth, brown,
1-septate at maturity, terminal, sometimes 1-2 also spring
from minute lateral spicules near the apex, 12-15 X 6 /x.
Monotospora eUi])tica, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1909,
t. iii. fig. 4.
On dead herbaceous stems.
CERCOSPOEA. 415
CERCOSPORA. Fres. (fig. 24, p. 397.)
Hypbae not rigid, simple or branched, brown, often
parasitic and forming spots on leaves ; conidia elongated and
slender, brown or olive, rarely subhyaline, septate.
Cercos^ora, Fres., Beitr., p. 90 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. p. 431.
Yirgasporiiim, Cke.
Cladosporium and Helmintliosporium of various authors (in
part).
Distinguished by the vermiform septate spores.
* On herbaceous Dicotyledons.
Cercospora Bloxami. B. & Br.
Forming pale orbicular spots, conidia elongato-fusiform,
acute at both ends, multiseptate.
Cercospora Bloxami, B. & Br., Ann. Xat. Hist., n. 1979 ;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2082.
On fading leaves of Brassica najms and B. sinapis.
Cercospora resedae. Fckl. (fig. 24, p. 397.)
Formiog minute grey, gregarious tufts on dry spots of
the leaf, 2-4. mm. diameter; liyphae densely crowded, un-
branched, continuous or sparingly septate, straight below,
subtcrtuous above, 50-70 x 4—5 />t, brown ; conidia borne at
the tips of the hyphae, obclavate-linear, 4—5 septate, hyaline,
100-140 X 2-5-3/x.
Cercospora resedae, Fuckel, Symb. Myc, 2^- 3^3 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 2092.
Vircjasporium macidatum, Cke., Grev., iii. p. 182, t. xlviii.
f. 4.
On living leaves of Beseda odorata.
Cercospora calthae. Cke.
Spots orbicular, epiphyllous, brown ; hyphae short, hyaline ;
conidia cylindrical, somewhat attenuated, septa scarcely
distinct, 30-35 X 2 /a.
Cercospora calthae, Cke., Grev., xvii. p. Qb ; Sacc, SylL,
vol. iv. n. 7571.
On fading leaves of Caltlia,
416 FUXGUS-FLORA.
Cercospora ferruginea. Fckl.
Tufts tkiu, delicate, broadly effused ; hypliae very long,
slender, creeping, branched, septate, ferruginous ; conidia
variable in length, often very long, elongato-clavate, often
curved, 3-7-septate, brown, 40-100 X 6-7 /x.
Cercospora ferruginea, Fckl., Symb. Myc, p. 354; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 2138.
On the under surface of living leaves of Artemisia vulgaris,
also on sj^ecies of Erigeron in Canada.
Cercospora mercurialis. Pass.
Spots rounded, silvery-white with a fuscous border ; tufts
minute, hypophyllous, gregarioup, often occupying the
central portion of the spots ; hyphae pale smoky, con-
tinuous, contorted, nodulose, short, 20-40 X 5-6 /x ; conidia
cylindric rod-shaped, attenuated upwards, 2-7-septate, wall
thick, hyaline, 70-80 x 4-6 /x, straight or slightly curved.
Cercospora mercurialis, Passerini, in j\I. U., n. 783 ; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 2193.
On living or fading leaves of Mercurialis perennis.
**
In woody Dicofyleclons.
Cercospora moricola. Cke.
Hypophyllous ; spots orbicular, reddish-brown ; hyphae
fasciculate, short, olive ; conidia attenuated upwards, 3-4-
septate, hyaline, 70 x 3 /x.
Cercospora moricola, Cke., in Pav. Amer. Fung., n. 587 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2281.
On leaves of Morus alba and 31. ruhra.
*
^** On Monocotyledons.
Cercospora concentrica. C. & E.
Spots large, subcircular or elliptical, ferruginous, at
length greyish ; hyphae fasciculate, pustulate, arranged
concentrically, flexuose, unbranched, continuous or septate,
12-20 X 4; conidia cylindrical, thinner towards the tip,
straight or curved, 3-5-se23tate, 40-70 x 3-4, reddish-brown
at maturity.
HETEROSPORIUM. 417
Cercospora concentrica, Cke. & Ellis, Grev., v. p. 90 ; Sacc.^
Syll., iv. n. 2302,
Cercospora yuccae, Cke. in Grev., vii. p. 35.
On half-dead leaves of Yucca gloriosa and Y. filameniosaj in
gardens.
HETEEOSPORIUM. Klotzsch. (fig. 9, p. 397.)
Fertile hypliae, erect, fasciculate, septate, simple or
branched, often nodulose, olive or blackish ; conidia ter-
minal or lateral, septate, olive, epispore minutely warted,
at first catenulate in some species, but soon becoming
free.
Heterosporium, Klotzsch, Herb. Myc, i. n. 67; Cke., Grev.,
V. p. 122 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. p. 480.
Resembling Helmintliosporium in general habit and struc-
ture, in fact only distinguished by the minutely warted
conidia. Growing on fading leaves or herbaceous stems, on
algae, and fungi.
* On Dicotyledons.
Heterosporium echinulatum, Cke.
Clusters small, often numerous, seated on brown spots,,
usually on the upper surface of the leaf ; hyphae fasciculate,
springing from a small aggregation of cells, 100-200 x
8-10 /A, dusky olive, nodulose above, septate ; conidia ter-
minal or lateral, springing from the nodes, olive, minutely
warted, 2-5-septate, cylindrical, constricted at the septa,
30-50 X 10-15 /x.
Heterosporium ecliinulatum, Cke., Grev., v. p. 123; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 2311.
Helminthosporium echinulatum, Berk., Gavd. Chron., 1870,
p. 382.
Heterosporium dianthi, Sacc. et Eoum., Mich., ii. pp. 559
and 643.
On leaves of species of Diantlms.
Heterosporium variabile. Cke.
Forming distinct, small, more or less circular, densely
velvety, dusky olive patches ; hyphae slender, 5-6 /x thick,
VOL. III. 2 E
418 FUXGUS-FLOEA.
septate, nodulose, olive, fasciculate ; conidia cylindrical,
olive, 1-3-septate, minutely warted, 15-35 X 6-10 fx.
Heterosporium variabiles Cke., Grev., v. p. 123 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 2310.
Forming small scattered patches on tlie upper surface of
fading spinacli leaves. Spots often numerous and becoming
more or less confluent.
Heterosporium laricis. Cke. & Mass.
Tufts scattered, suborbicular, woolly, sooty; threads
thick, septate, with the joints swollen, 15-18 /;. thick,
conidia 1-3-septate, elliptical, obtuse at the ends, minutely
warted, pale fuliginous, 50-60 X 20 yu,.
Heterosporium laricis, C. & JNI., Grev., xvi. p. 80.
On fading larch leaves.
** On Monocotyledons.
Heterosporium minutulum. C. & M.
Forming velvety, dark olive patches of variable size
and form; threads somewhat fasciculate, short, flexuous,
sparingly septate, pale olive ; conidia 1-2-septate, elliptical,
rounded at the ends, not constricted, pale olive, epispores
rough, 16-20 X 6-8 /x.
Heterosporium minutulum, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 11.
On palm leaves {Cliamaerops Immilis).
Heterosporium omithogali. Klotzsch.
Forming broadly effused, olive, cloud}' spots on the upper
surface of leaves ; fertile hyphae erect, simple or rarely
branched, septate, nodulose, olive, often flexuous, 100-250 x
8 X 14 /x, fasciculate, originating from a basal aggregation
of hyphal cells resembling a minute sclerotium; conidia
olive, cylindrical, 1-5-septate, very minutely warted,
25-90 X 8-14 IX.
Heterosporium ornitJiogali, Klotzsch, Herb. Myc, i. n. 69 ;
Cke., Grev., v. p. 123; Sacc, SylL, n. 2311.
Helmintliosporium exasperatum, B. & Br., Ann. Kat. Hist.,
n. 1380, t. 7, f. 4; Sacc, SylL, n. 1945.
On fading leaves of Ornitliogalura, Convallaria, Smilax, and
other liliaceous plants.
NAPICLADIUM, 419
Heterosporium. typharum. C. & M. (fig. 9, p. 397.)
Tufts erumpent, elongated, gregarious, sooty ; threads
erect, mostly simple, septate, nodulose ; conidia 1-3-septate,
elliptical, ends somewhat acute, rough with minute granules,
pale olive, 30-40 X 10-14 yu.
Heterosporium typharum, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 80.
On leaves of Typlia angustifolia.
*** On Acotyledons.
Heterosporium epimyces. C. & M.
Occurring in more or less effused, dense, velvety, olive
patches ; threads sparingly furcate, often simple, sparsely
septate, pale fuscous ; conidia 1-3-septate, elliptical, minutely
warted, pale olive, 25-30 X 8 /;t.
Heterosporium epimyces, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 80.
On old specimens of Polyporus squamosus, Boletus felleus,
Hussula nigricans, &c.
NAPICLADIUM. Thumen (emended), (fig. 19, p. 397.)
Fertile hyphae fasciculate, erect, short, not rigid ; conidia
rather large, solitary at tip of hyphae, septate, smooth,
coloured.
Napicladium, Thumen, Hedw., 1875, p. 3; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 481.
Somewhat resembling HelmintJiosporium and BracTiysporium,
but distinguished by the less rigid fertile hyphae, and the
large solitary conidia.
On living or fading leaves.
Napicladium arundinaceum. Sacc. (fig. 19, p. 397.)
Forming broadly effused, velvety, blackish-olive patches ;
hyphae fasciculate, short, thickened at the base, 1-2-septate,
50-60 X 7-8 fx, olive; conidia obclavate, 40-50 x 15-18 /x,
1— 2-septate, olive.
Napicladium arundinaceum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2317.
HelmintJiosporium arundinaceum, Corda, Ic. Fung., iii. p. 10,
f. 25.
On fading leaves of BTiragmites communis.
2 E 2
420 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Tribe 18. AcroiJiecieae. Sacc.
SPONDYLOCLADIUM. Martius. (fig. 5, p. 397.)
Sterile hyphae creeping, septate, fertile erect, simple,
ratlier rigid. Conidia spindle-shaped, or pear-shaped,
coloured, generally 2-septate, produced in distant whorls on
the hyphae.
Spondylocladium, Martius, ErL, p. 355 ; Sacc, SylL, iv.
p. 482.
Distinguished b}^ the verticillate arrangement of the
conidia.
Spondylocladium fumosum. Martius. (fig. 5,
p. 397.)
Forming efi'used blackish patches, creeping mycelium
septate, fertile erect, sejDtate, not branched, tapering up-
wards ; conidia brownish-olive, 2-septate5 pear-shaped or
broadly spindle-shaped, in 2-4 verticils of 3-6 conidia each,
produced towards the apex of the hypha, a single conidium
usually terminates the hypha, 21-25 x 10-12 /a.
Spondylocladium fumosum, Martins, ErL, p. 355 ; Berk. &
Broome, Ann. Kat. Hist., n. 1314, t. xviii, f. 7 (1870); Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 2319.
On rotten branches.
ACROTHECIUM. Preuss. (fig. 22, p. 397.)
Sterile or vegetative hyphae creeping, fertile erect, un-
branched; conidia septate, coloured or almost colourless,
springing in a cluster from the tip of the hypha.
Acrotliecium, Preuss, F. Hoyersw., n. 99, emended by
Saccardo in Michelia, p. 29 (not of Corda). Sacc, SylL, iv.
p. 483.
Acrothecium delicatulum. B. & Br.
Effused, blackish, fertile hyphae erect, septate, slighlty
bulbous at the base, rarely forked at the tip ; conidia colour-
less, springiwg just below the tip of the hypha, cylindrical,
SPONDYLOCLADIUM — ACROTHECIUM. 421
ciivved, 2-3 septate, not constricted at the septa, 12-
20 X 4 /x.
Acrothecium delicatulum^ B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n.
1055, t. xiv., f. 11 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2328.
On decayed beech wood, also on bramble twigs. In the
last habitat the hvphae are much scattered.
Acrothecium simplex. B. & Br. (fig. 22, p. 397.)
Efi'used, brownish-olive, erect hyphae simple, wavy,
septate, brown ; conidia few, springing from the apex,
oblong or subclavate, 4-5-septate, at first colourless, then
pale brown, ] 6-20 X 5-Q /x.
Acrothecium simplex, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 950,
t. xvi. f. 16; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2330.
Var. elatum., Grove. Hyphae simple, erect, rather wavy,
equal, brown, paler above, 240-280 x 6-7 jx ; conidia 3-
septate, often in threes, hyaline, subclavate, 20-22 x 6 /x.
On nettle stems.
Acrothecium. obovatum. Cke.
Black, efi'used, velvety; fertile hyphae simple, septate,
sooty, 150 X 5 fx; conidia obovate, 2-septate, 18-20 x 7-8 /x,
slightly constricted at the septa, sooty, terminal on the
fertile hyj^hae in groups of 4-5.
Acrothecium obovatum, Cke., Grev., v. p. 50, t. 80, f. 3 3;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2322.
On dead wood.
Acrothecium tenebrosum. Sacc.
Tufts broad, black, fertile hyphae, gregarious, 200 X 3-4
/x, erect, septate, simple, base thickened or dilated, blackish-
brown, paler upwards ; conidia oblong, ends rounded, curved,
tinged brown, somewhat diaphanous, 3-5-septate, 20-25 x
5-6 /x, springing from minute spinous processes, and form-
ing a terminal head.
Acrothecium tenebrosum, Sacc, Mich., i. p. 74; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 2323.
On dead wood.
Spores at first hyaline, guttulate, then pale brown. It
does not difi'er much from Melminthosporium apicale, B. & Br.,
except in the more numerous and uniformly coloured spores.
(Grove.)
422 . FUNGUS-FLORA.
Acrothecium. xylogenum. Grove.
Hyphae erect, straight or curved, equal, brown below,
paler above, apex almost colourless, 120-150 /x bigh, bearing
a crown of 6-8 conidia at the apex ; conidia cylindrical,
apex rounded, base acute, 4-guttulate, at length with three
delicate septa, 14-17 X 3 /x, hyaline.
Acrothecium xylogenum, Grove, Journ. Bot., 1886, p. 203,
tab. 67, fig. 2; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3635.
On rotten wood.
Allied to A. cciulium, but known by the persistently
hyaline, 3-septate conidia.
Tribe 19. S;poroscMsmeae. Sacc.
SPOEOSCHISMA. B. & Br. (fig. 6, p. 397.)
Fertile hyphae erect, simple ; conidia cylindrical, septate,
coloured, produced in chains within the erect hyphae, and
eventually escaping through the ruptured apex.
SiwroscMsma, B. & Br., in Gard. Chron., 1847, p. 540 ; Sacc,
Syll. iv., p. 486.
Distinguished at once by the conidia being produced
within the erect hyphae, and somewhat resembling an ascus
containing spores, if in reality this is not the case.
Sporoschisma mirabile. (B. & Br.) (fig. 6, p. 397.)
Forming velvety, black patches, hyphae unbranched,
cylindrical, abruptly narrowed at the base, erect, 200-250 x
14-15 /x : within these hyj)hae the conidia are formed in a
chain ; conidia brown, 3-sei3tate, cylindrical, truncate, not
constricted at the septa, 40-50 x 12 /x. Along with the
conidia-forming hyphae are others that are sterile, septate,
and frequently thickened at the tip.
S^poroschisma mircibile^ B. & Br., Gard. Chron., 1847, p. 540;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2333.
Forming coarsely velvety blackish patches in rotten wood,
and on stems of herbaceous plants.
SPOROSCHISMA — DENDRYPHIUM. 423
Tribe 20. Bendrijpliieae. Sacc.
DENDEYPHIUM. Wallr. (fig. 13, p. 397.)
Vegetative hypliae creeping or almost absent, fertile
hypbae erect, more or less brancbed at tbe tip ; conidia
coloured, more or less cylindrical, septate, springing from
the tips of tbe brancbes, usually produced in simple or
brancbed cbains.
DendrypJiium, Wallr., Fl. Crypt., ii. p. 300 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. p. 487.
Dendryphium comosum. Wallr.
Broadly eifused, blackisb, bypbae septate, 9-12 (jl tbick,
dark brown, septate, simple, bearing at tbe apex simple or
brancbed cbains of cylindrico-fusoid, straight or sligbtly
curved, yellowisb-brown, 3-5 septate conidia, 25-35 x
G-7 fjL, sligbtly constricted at tbe septa.
Dendryphium comosum, Wallr., Fl. Crypt., n. 191:3; Sacc,
iv. n. 2335.
Forming blackisb stains on decaying herbaceous stems,
especially nettle.
Dendryphium fumosum. Fr.
Tufts small blackisb-brown, bypbae erect, sbort, dark
brown, septate, paler upwards, brancblets towards tbe apex
pale, closely septate, spreading ; conidia catenulate, cylindric-
fusoid, pale brown, 9-13 septate, not constricted at tbe
septa, 25-35 X 5-6 /x.
Dendryphium fumosum, Fr., Summa Veg. Scand., 504 ; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 2337.
On berbaceous stems, especially umbellifers.
Dendryphium griseum. B. & Br. (fig. 13, p. 397.)
Tufts minute, sometimes more or less confluent, blue-grey,
bypbae sparingly dicbotomously brancbed above ; conidia
cylindrical, tips apiculate, arranged in brancbing cbains,
1-septate, 14-17 X 4-5 yu,, almost colourless.
Dendryphium griseum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 540
t. vi. f. 11 ; Sacc, Syll,, iv. n. 2344. »
On putrid nettle stems.
424 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Dendryphium ramosum. Cke,
Formirig blackish effused stains on stems of herbaceous
plants, erect liyphae dark brown, closely septate, branched
above, branches paler, forked ; conidia straight, cylindrical,
3-5-septate 24-28 x 6-8 /x, pale brown.
Dendryphium ramosum, Cke., Hdbk., n. 1690; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 2147.
On stems of Fapaver, nesperis, &c., forming broadly
effused black stains.
Dendryphium curtum. B. & Br.
Forming blackish stains, hyphae short, septate, 7-8 /x thick,
blackish brown below, paler above, as are also the few short
branchlets ; conidia cylindrical, 3-5-septate, slightly con-
stricted at the septa, 20-25 X 4-6 /x, pale brown.
Dendryphium curium^ B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 538,
tab. vi. f. 9 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2348.
On stems of herbaceous plants, woody branches of trees, (fee.
Dendryphium laxum. B. & Br.
Forming effused blackish, velvety patches, erect hyphae
short, closely septate, branched above, branches often wavy ;
conidia linear-oblong or obclavate, 7-11 septate, slightly
constricted at the septa, brown, 25-35 X 4-5 /x, springing
from the tips of the branchlets.
Dendryphium laxum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 539,
t- vi., f. 10 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2350.
Forming black velvety patches on putrid stem of Inula
■viscosa.
Sect. IV. DICTYOSPOKAE. Sacc
Subsect. 1. Micronemeae.. Sacc
SPORODESMIUM. Link. (fig. 7, p. 397.)
Mycelium generally scanty ; conidia from ovoid to oblong,
often rather large, almost sessile, or shortly stipulate, muri-
fbrmly septate, dark coloured.
SporodesmiwUj Link, Sp. PI. Fung., xi. p. 120; emended
*Sacc, Mich., xi. p. 23 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 497.
SFORODESMIUM. 425
Distinguished by the somewhat large, subsessile conidia
being murifurmly septate, i.e., having both transverse and
vertical septa.
Sporodesmium melanopodum. B. & Br.
Tufts ample, black ; conidia subglobose, opaque, multi-
sejDtate, springing from a cellular base of variable size.
Sporodesmium melanopodum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
n. 455 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2356.
On bark.
Sporodesmium. lobatum. B. & Br. (fig. 7, p. 397.)
Tufts minute, black, pulvinate ; conidiophores short, arti-
culated, hyaline below, broken up into subquaternate, sub-
globose joints above ; conidia terminal, 15 yu. long.
Sporodesmium lobatum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1146,
t. iii. f. 7 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2364.
On pine wood.
Sporodesmium. scutellare. B. & Br.
Tufts small, scattered, minute, shield-like ; conidia broadly
obovate, muriformly septate, brown, pedicel short, one or few-
celled.
Sporodesmium scutellare, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist, n. 456 ;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2366.
On larch bark.
Sporodesmium. antiquum. Corda.
Tufts black, minutely downy, often effused; irregularly
cylindrical and sometimes slightly wavy, 100-150 X 20 /x
muriformly septate, and broken up into numerous small
cells, smoky brown, base narrowed into a minute stem,
somewhat fasciculate.
Sporodesmium antiquum, Corda, Icon. Fung., iii. f. 11;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2368.
On trunks, wood, &c.
Var. compactum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 453.
Our species agrees in general character with Corda's, of
which we have a specimen from the author, but it is more
compact and composed of smaller cells (B. & Br.)
On hard wood.
426 rUNGUS-FLOEA.
Sporodesmium polymorphTim. Corda.
Tufts black, opaque, effused, pulverulent; conidia ovoid
or angularly elliptical, 40-50 X 25-30 /x, variously muri-
formly septate, blackish-brown, almost opaque ; sporopbores
short, terete, septate, paler than the conidia.
Sporodesmium polymorphum, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 7,
f. 119 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2377.
On bark and v^ood of oak, birch, &c.
Sporodesmium piriforme. Corda.
Effused and somewhat crustaceous, black ; conidia obovate,
at first septate, then cellular, 28-30 /x long, brown, semi-
pellucid, 2-4-celled ; sporophores colourless, short or of
medium length, filiform, flaccid, sometimes slightly curved.
Sporodesmium piriforme, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 116;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2384.
On rotten saw-dust.
Sporodesmium. cladosporii. Corda.
Tufts effused, olive; conidia ovoid, continuous, at length
opaque brown and densely reticulately septate, scarcely con-
stricted, 20-24 jx long; conidiophores obsolete.
Sporodesmium cladosporii, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 7, t. 11,
f. 118; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2405.
On dry pods of PJiaseolus vulgaris, stems of Scropliularia,
&c.
Sporodesmium triglochinis. B. & Br.
Tufts point-like, bright brown, springing from a cellular
base ; conidia obovate when young, then subglobose and
obliquely septate, at length oblong and muriformly septate,
8-1(5 fx diameter; conidiophores short, thickened upwards.
Sporodesmium iriglocliinis, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n.
1607, t. X., fig. 4; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2407.
On Triglochin palustre.
Sporodesmium chartarum. B. & C.
Tufts small, black, velvety, often concentrically arranged
and forming small patches ; conidia elliptical or subglobose,
at first 2-3-septate, then muriformly septate, 10-16 fx
diameter ; couidiophores short, colourless.
CONIOCETIIIUM. 427
Sporodesmmm cJiartanim, B. & C, N. Amer. Fung., u. 531 ;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2413.
On damj) paper.
CONIOTHECIUM. Corda. (fig. 14, p. 397.)
Oonidia very irregular and variable in fonn, cruciate or
radiately septate, several often coalescent and forming black
points or spots on leaves or wood.
Coniothecium, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 2 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 508.
Conidia usually very variable, resembling irregular con-
glomerations of cells of variable size. A very badly defined
genus, and it is doubtful whether many of the so-called
species are such in reality.
Coniothecium effusum. Corda.
Black, broadly effused; conidia subglobose or irregular,
sessile, brown, semipellucid, clustered into irregular masses.
Coniothecium effusum, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 2, t. 1, f. 21 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2420.
Sporodesmium lepraria, Berk.
On wood.
Coniotheciura conglutinatum. Corda.
Tufts small, black, subglobose or confluent ; conidia
minute, ovoid, brown, 4-5 fi diam., aggregated in clusters.
Coniothecium conglutinatum, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 2, t. 1,
f. 20 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2421.
On birch wood, (fee
Coniotheciuni amentacearum. Corda.
Tufts pulvinate, black ; springing from a brown, fleshy,
lactiform stroma, conidia somewhat oblong, brown, 13-14 /x
diameter, clustered.
Coniothecium amentacearum, Corda, Ic Fung., i. p. 2, t. 1,
f. 26; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2420.
On dead branches of willow.
Coniotlieciuin betulinum. Corda.
Tufts small, solitary, black, innate in the wood, at first
covered, then erumpent, scarcely 1 mm. in diameter ; conidia
black, subglobose, 4-6 /x diameter, clustered.
428 FUNGUS-FLORA.
ConiotJiecium helulinum, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 2, t. 1, f. 25 ;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2428.
On dead branches of Betula alba.
Coniothecium viticolum. C. & M. (fig. 14, p. 397.)
Tufts erumpent, hemispherical, black, rather compact,
loosely gregarious ; conidia rounded, subglobose, variously
agglutinated together, with 2-4 cells, usually in fours, pale
olive, 12-15 IX diameter.
Coniothecium viticolum, C. & M., Grev., xvi. p. 9.
On dead twigs of vine {Vitis vinifera).
DICTYOSPOEIUM. Corda. (fig. 20, p. 397.)
Conidia ovoid, or more or less cordate, formed of aggluti-
nated, parallel rows of articulated filaments that do not
separate from each other, without appendages.
Dictyosporium, Corda, Icon., Fung., ii., p. 87 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. p. 513.
Dictyosporium elegans. Corda. (fig. 20, p. 397.)
Growing on wood ; tufts effused, black ; conidia tongue-
shaped, apex acute or rounded, rarely more or less contracted
at the centre, base attenuated or cordate, cells diaphanous,
yellow 4-5 rows, walls rather thick, brown or blackish,
57-60 jx long.
Dictyosporium elegans, Corda, Icon. Fung., ii. p. 87 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 2451.
On rotten wood of oak, pine, &c.
SPEIRA. Corda. (fig. 27, p. 397.)
Conidia muriformly septate, sooty, formed of chains of
cells that eventually separate, without appendages, base
shortly stipitate or almost sessile.
Speira, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 9 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 514.
Somewhat like J)ictyosporium, but distinguished by the
chain of cells forming the spore opening out at maturity.
TETRAPLOA — STEMPHYLIUM. 429
Speira toruloides. Corda. (fig. 27, p. 397.)
Clusters of conidia irregular, brown; sterile hypliae
obsolete or none ; conidia more or less ovoid, formed of 6-7
longitudinal rows of articulated filaments, at first in contact
with each other, but eventually separating, 50-60 ju, long,
single joints 8-9 ya diameter.
Speira toruloides, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. fig. 140 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv., n. 2454.
On rotten leaves, stems, wood, &c.
TETEAPLOA. B. & Br. (fig. 15, p. 397.)
Conidia ovoid-oblong, muriformly septate, apex furnished
with four slender spines, dingy brown ; mycelium obsolete.
Tetraploa, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 457 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. p. 516.
Distinguished from allies hj the delicate spkies at the
apex of the conidium.
Tetraploa aristata. B. & Br. (fig. 15, p. 397.)
Tufts effused, blackish-olive; conidia oblong, muriformly
septate, smoky ochraceous, 30 x 20-22 />t, apex crowned
with four slender spicules 60-90 X 3-4 /x, septate and
divergent.
Tetraploa aristata, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 457, tab. xi.
fig. 6; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2463.
On herbaceous stems, grass, &c
Subsect. 2. Macronemeae. Sacc.
STEMPHYLIUM. Wallr. (fig. 17, p. 397.)
Hyphae decumbent, intricately branched, hyaline or
smoky ; conidia elliptical or subglobose, 2- many-septate and
muriform, smoky.
Stemphylium, Wallr., Fl. Cr., p. 300; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 519.
Stemphylium macrosporoideum.. B. & Br.
Effused, thin, greyish-black ; hyphae thin, eft'used, un-
equally branched, branches sometimes anastomosing in a
rectangular manner; conidia subglobose or resembling a
430 rUXGUS-FLORA.
imilberry, cniciately or radiately septate, 12-18 /x diameter,
colourless at first then brown.
StempJiylium macrosporoideum (B. Sz Br.), Sacc, vSyll., iv.
n. 2478.
Ejpochnium macrosporoideum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
n. 131, t. viii., f. 14.
On rotten branches of Bibes, &g.
Stemphylium altemariae. Cke.
Tufts irregular, dendritic, sinning, brown ; mycelium
abundant, creeping, delicate, hyaline, branched, septa scnnty ;
conidia irregular, ovate, somewhat pyriform or cylindrical ;
1- many-septate, brown.
StempJiylium altemariae (Cke.), Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2497.
Sporodesmium altemariae, Cke., Hdbk., n. 1440.
On damp wall-paper, along with Sporodesmium chartarum.
Stemphylium asperosporum. Cke. & Mass. (fig.
17, p. 397.)
Wholly mouse-grey. Tufts irregular, confluent, and
somewhat effused. Threads creeping, septate, branched,
hyaline, fertile branches erect, slender, more or less branched
near the tips, which are swollen into a depresso-globose
torus, bearing the sessile, subglobose conidia, which consist
of 2-4 sooty -brown, warted cells, each cell about 12 //.
diameter.
Stempliylium asperosporum, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 11.
On damp wall-paper.
Resembling in some respects Stempliylium altemariae, but
the conidia are supported upon a distinct, pyriform, hyaline,
terminal receptacle, and they are warted, and consist of but
a few cells.
Stemphylium. MagnLisianum. Sacc.
Tufts flattened, spot-like, indeterminate, rufescent-brown ;
hyphae delicate, creeping, vaguely branched, continuous,
hyaline or yellowish ; conidia subglobose, 20-30 /x diameter,
presenting a reticulated appearance from the walls of the
numerous cells, clear, lufous -colour.
Stemphylium Macjnusianum, Sacc, Mich., i. p. 132; Sacc,
Syll., iv., n. 2484.
On bark, rotting paper, dung, &c
MACKOSPOKIUM. 431
MACKOSPOKIUM. Fries, (fig. 25, p. 397.)
Hyphae subfasciculate, rather flaccid, erect or ascending,
simple or branched, coloured, bearing at or near the tips
oblong or clavate, muriform, coloured conidia.
Macrosj)orium, Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 373 ; Sacc, Sjll.,
iv. p. 523.
On trunks, herbaceous stems, leaves, &c. ; usually sapro-
phytes, but sometimes on living or languid portions. Often
forming olive-black, more or less extended patches.
Macrosporium commune. Eabh.
Tufts numerous, densely gregarious, brownish ; hyjihae
subfasciculate, ascending, septate, not constricted at the
septa, brown, 80-90 x 4^6; conidia variable in form, oblong,
obovate, or clavate, attenuated at the base, 3-5-septate, septa
transverse, oblique or longitudinal, olivaceous, epispore
sometimes minutely granular, 18-35 X 8-14 /x.
Macrosporium commune, Rabh., Fung. Eur. Exs., n. 1360 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2499.
On the decayed portions of various plants.
Considered to be the conidial condition of Pleospora
Jierharum.
Macrosporium sarcinula. Berk.
Forming compact patches ^-h in. across, white and downy,
then blackish-olive; hyphae suberect, delicate, sparingly
branched, soon disappearing after maturity ; conidia clavate,
at length divided by septa into cuboid portions, 3'ellow, then
olive-brown, 14-24 x 8-10 fx.
3Iacrosporium sarcinula, Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 125, t. 8j
%. 10 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2500.
On rotten cucumber fruits, also on dry grass leaves.
Macrosporium. cladosporioid.es. Desm.
Spots large, irregular, fulvous, tufts velvety, minute,
numerous; hyphae erect, simple, nodulose, septate, semi-
hyaline, fasciculate, 150-200 X 5; conidia olive-brown,
semi-pellucid, sometimes torulose, unequal, 2-3, or up to
10-septate, ovoid, oblong or elongated, club-shaped, attenuated
below and shortly pedicellate, 15-75 /x long.
432 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Macrosporium cladosjyorioides, Desm., Plant. Crypt., 1857,
p. 3, and xxiv. p. 3 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2501.
On fading leaves of beet, onion, lettuce, &c.
The conidia are not vertically or murali-divided, hence
the present species differs from the typical condition of
Macrosporium.
Macrosporium heteronemum. Sacc.
Spots scattered, reddish-white, irregular, often confluent,
on both surfaces of the leaf; hyphae erect, septate, of two
forms, crowded into minute, distinct bundles ; the conidio-
phores short, nodulose, 50 x 5 /x, brown; sterile hyphae
simple, elongated, rather flexuous, whitish, obtuse above,
attenuated towards the base, 150-200 /x long ; conidia large,
pedicellate, oblong-clavate, brown, divided into cells by 3-7
septa, 50-60 fx long, pedicel hyaline.
Macrosporium lieteronemum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2502.
Septonema heteronema, Desmaz., xxii. Not. p. 4.
On dead or fading leaves of Sagittaria sagittifolia.
Macrosporium brassicae. Berk.
Forming small pustules ; hyphae fasciculate, simple, rather
flexuous, septate, slightly constricted at the septa, brown,
j)ale tow^ards the apex, 50-70 p. long ; conidia solitary and
terminal on the conidiophores, clavate, 5-10-septate trans-
versely, afterwards vertically septate, brownish, 50-70 X
10-16 fx,
3Iacrosporium hrasslcae, Berk., Engl. Flor., vol. v. p. 339 ;
Sacc. Syll., iv. n. 2506.
On decaying stems, leaves, fruits, &c., of cabbage.
Macrosporium nobile. Vize. (fig. 25, p. 397.)
Hyphae fasciculate, short, erect, septate, brow^n, simple,
in minute tnfts; conidia rather large, subpiriform, or
irregular, 4-10 septate, unequally divide 1 by 2-6 vertical
septa, brown, constricted at the septa, 60-80 X 40 fx.
Macrosporium nohile, Yize, in Grevillea, also in Cooke's
' Black Moulds,' pi. 26, f, 20; Sacc, Sj^ll., iv. n. 2525.
On dead stems and leaves of Dianthus.
Macrosporium concinnum. B. & Br.
Spots velvet}^, black ; hyphae flexuous, septate, minute,
brown, pellucid above and sometimes with a small lateral
MACROSPOKIUM. 433
brancli; conidia obovate, pedicellate, generally 3-septate
and muriformly divided, at length oblong.
Macrosporium concinnum, Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 235,
t. xii. f. 21 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2536.
On dead decorticated branches of willow.
Macrosporium tomato. Cke.
Patches orbicular, J-J in. across, blackish ; hyphae short,
thick, llexuous or subangular, septate ; conidia clavate, apex
rather pointed, attenuated downwards, pedicel very short,
brown, broken up into several cells by transverse and
vertical septa, 100-120 x 16-2-i fx.
Macrosporium tomato^ Cke., Grevillea, xii. p. 32 ; Sacc, Syll.
iv. n. 2525.
Forming blackish patches on ripe tomatoes.
Macrosporium alliorum. Cke. & Mass.
Effused in thin fuliiiinous patches ; hyphae flexuous, simple,
septate, nodulose, collapsing when dry; conidia elliptical,
iriseptate, then divided into quadrate, muriform cells, amber-
coloured, with a tinge of olive, 40-50 x 20-25 /a.
Macrosporium alliorum, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 80.
On onion leaves.
Macrosporium delicatulum. B. & Br.
Tufts soft, delicate, black; hyphae subulate, slender,
many-septate, brown, paler upwards; conidia somewhat
hyaline, oblong, obtuse at both ends, usually 5-celled, cells
irregular in form, one or other usually vertically septate.
Helmintliosporium delicatulum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist,,
n. 233, t. xiii, f. 20; Sacc. SylL, iv. n. 1964.
On dead stems of umbellifers.
Macrosporium. ramulosum. Sacc.
Effused, velvety, black ; hyphae ascending, filiform, | mm.
high, 10-13 /x thick, slightly thickened below, apex simple
or repeatedly shortly branched, everywhere closely septate,
intense sooty -brown, joints 2-guttate ; conidia apical, oblong
or obpiriform, 35-50 X 18 /x, 5-7-muriformly septate, crowded
with guttulae, smoky-brown.
Macrosporium ramulosum, Sacc, Fung. Ital., t. 854; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 2512.
On rotten stem of Apium petroselinum, &c
VOL. III. 2 F
434 FUNGUS-FLOKA,
Macrospormm cheiranthi. Fr.
Hyphae erect, simple, pellucid, somewhat nodulose, sep-
tate ; conidia very abundant, large, piriform, ovato-clavate,
muriformly septate, blackish-olive, about twice as thick as
the hyphae.
Macrosporium clieiranthi, Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 374;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2505.
On fading leaves and fruit of species of CJieiranthus and
Draha.
Macrosporium convallariae. Fr.
Spots rather silky, indeterminate, olivaceous, easily re-
movable and soon disappearing ; hyphae erect, fugacious ;
conidia obovate, blackish-olive, paler and narrowed at the
base, muriformly septate ; pedicel short, hyaline.
Macros'porium convallariae. Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p, 373 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2574.
On fading leaves of Convallaria midtijlora,
Macrosporium scolopendri. Cke.
Spots brown, orbicular or irregular ; tufts small, scattered
over the spots, olive ; threads short, seldom branched, sep-
tate, slender ; conidia 3-4-septate, with 1-2 transverse septa,
23ale brown, 40 X 15 /x.
3Iacrospor{um scolopendri, Cke., Grev., xvi. p. 81.
On fading fronds of Scolopendrium vulgare.
MYSTEOSPOEIUM. Corda. (fig. 29, p. 397.)
Conidiophores simple or sparingly branched, rather short
and rigid, septate, typically brown; conidia elliptical,
subglobose, or oblong, many-septate, muriform, blackish,
acrogenous, subsolitary.
Mystrosporium, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 12.
Allied to Macrosi:iorium, but distinguished by the more
rigid and darker-coloured hyphae and conidia.
Mystrosporium stemphylium. Corda. (fig. 29,
p. 397.)
Tufts thin, broadly effused, blackish ; conidiophores short,
flexuous, erect, olive-brown ; conidia obovate, variable in
MYSTROSPOEIUM — SEPTOSPORIU:\r. 435
form, cellular, unoqual, 35-40 /x long, olive, yellow, or
brown, pedicel short.
Mijstrosjjoriiim stemphyUum, Corda, Icones Fungorum, ii.
p. 13, t. X. f. 61.
On stems and leaves of dahlia and mallow, also on rotten
wood.
Mystrosporium alliorum. Berk.
Conidiopbores flexuous, septate; conidia terminal or some-
times lateral, oblong, constricted in the middle, subpiriform,
mnltiseptate and mnriform, septa sometimes oblique.
Mi/stros])orium alliorum, Berk., Gard. Chron., 1878, p. 192;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2592.
On onions.
I cannot find the type specimen in Berkeley's herbarium,
hence cannot give more information, measurements, &c.
SEPTOSPORIUM. Corda. (fig. 26, p. 397.)
Hypha of two kinds — fertile short, sterile elongated;
conidia elliptical or piriform, brown, murali-septate.
Septosj)orium, Corda, in Sturm's Deutschl. Fl., t. 17 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv., p. 543.
Septosporium bulbotrichum. Corda. (fig. 26,
p. 397.)
In effused, slender, brown tufts ; sterile hyphae unbranched,
base bulbous, septate, obtuse, brown below, yellowish up-
wards, pellucid ; conidia pedicellate, springing up amongst
the sterile hyphae, oblong-clavate, yellow ; pedicel septate,
attenuated, 35-36 /x long.
Septosporium hulhotrichum, Corda, Ic. Fung., i. p. 12,
f. 176.
On rotten wood.
Septosporium atrum. Corda.
Tufts minutely downy, effused, black ; hyphae erect,
almost simple, wavy, grey, 2-3-septate, semipellucid ; conidia
large, pedicellate, oblong or clavate, glaucous, somewhat
pellucid ; apiculus white or sometimes obsolete : pedicel
filiform.
2 F 2
486 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Septosporium airinn, Corda, in Sturm's Deutscli. FL, t. 17;
Sacc, Svll., iv. n. 2600.
DACTYLOSPOEIUM. Harz. (fig. 23, p. 397.)
Hyphae erect, simple ; conidia obovate, muriformly septate,
brown, collected into a terminal head.
Dactfjlos2)orium, Harz, Hyph., j). 44 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 545.
Dactylosporium brevipes. Grove, (fig. 23, p. 397.)
Gregarious, black; hyphae erect, short, flexuous, fuscous,
paler upwards, densely septate, subtorulose (cells sub-
quadrate), simple or furcate towards the apex, 50-70 X 5 /x,
bearing a jet-black head consisting of 5-8 conidia closely
compacted ; conidia obovate, deep fuscous, almost opaque,
20-22 X 10-13 /x, angularly cellular, one septum longitudinal,
the remainder oblique or radiating.
Dactylosporimii hrevipes, Grove, Journ. Bot., 1886, p. 204,
tab. 267, f. 7; Sacc, Syll., SnppL 1-4, n. 3641.
On wood of sycamore.
Closely allied to D. mao'ojms, of which it is perhaps a
variety. (Grove.)
ALTERNAEIA. Xees. (fig. 21, p. 397.)
Hyphae fasciculate, somewhat erect, almost simple, short ;
■conidia clavately flask-shaped, muriformly septate, catenulate
and connected by slender portions, soon separating.
Alternaria, Nees, Syst. d. Pilze, ii. p. 72 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 545.
Distinguished by the clavate, or flask-shaped muriformly
septate olive conidia being united in chains and connected
by narrow isthmus-like portions.
Alternaria brassicae. Sacc. (fig. 21, p. 397.)
Hyphae short, continuous, very shortly branched, tips
^qual, in small tufts; conidia in chains, deciduous, elongated,
FUMAGO— CERATOSPOmUM. 437
fusoid or clavate, miiriformly septate, olive-green, 50-85 x
12-18 /x.
Alternaria hrassicae, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2613.
On dry spots on the leaves of Brassica oleracea.
FUMAGO. Ters. (fig. 32, p. 397.)
Hyphae decumbent, intricately wefted, often moniliform
and muriformly divided, usually forming black crust-like
patches that fall away when dry ; fertile hyphae erect,
branched, conidia elliptical, oblong, or deformed, 1-2-septate,
typically produced in chains.
Fumago, Persoon, Myc. Eur., i. p. 9 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 547.
Forming black, sooty, crust-like patches on living leaves
and stems.
Probably nothing more than a stage of development of th©
genus Capnodium.
Fumago vagans. Pers. (fig. 32, p. 397.)
Sterile creeping hyphae vaguely branched, free or more
or less fasciculate, often confluent in cellular muraliform or
multicellular masses, olive or smoky-brown ; fertile hyphae
ascending, short, corj^mbosely branched above ; conidia formed
at the tips of the branches, shortly catenulate, generally
2-celled, rarely continuous or 2-septate, 6-18 /x long.
Fumago vagans, Pers., Myc. Eur., i. p. 9 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 2618.
Forming sooty patches on living leaves of various trees.
Very variable, and undoubtedly the conidial phase of
Capnodmm.
Sect. V. STAUROSPORAE. Sacc
CERATOSPORIUM. Schw. (fig. 12, p. 397.)
Sterile hyphae slender, creeping ; conidia sessile, attached
to each other in small clusters at the base, ascending, rigid,
many-septate, brown.
Ceratosporium, Schweinitz, Syn. Amer. Bor., t. 19, f. 3;
Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 552.
438 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
Distingnislied from Triposporium by the coniclia being
sessile, and the sterile hyphae almost obsolete.
Ceratosporium digitatum. Sacc. (fig. 12, p. 397.)
Forming effused, black, dense velvety patches ; conidia in
fascicles of 2—4, attached at the base, sessile on the slender
creeping threads, obclavate, wavy, many-se|)tate, pale then
dark brown, 80-120 X 12-16 /a.
Ceratosporium digitatum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2625.
Sporidesmium digitatum, Cke.
On holly branches.
** Macronemeae.
TPJPOSPOEIUM. Corda. (fig. 11, p. 397.)
Sterile hj^phae scanty, creeping; fertile hyphae erect,
brown, rigid, septate ; conidia terminal, brown, stellate
with 3-4 rays.
Triposporium, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 16 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 554.
Distinguished by the coloured, stellate, 3-4-ra3'ed conidia.
Triposporinm elegans. Corda. (fig. 11, p. 397.)
Mycelium very slender, effused, brown ; fertile hyphae
erect, slender, simple or sparingly branched, brown, trans-
lucent, distantly septate ; conidia stellate, central point dark
brown, the three or four rays paler, each ray -1-6-septate,
tip subhj^aline, 48-50 /x long.
Triposporinm elegans, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 160, fig. 220;
Sacc, Syil., iv. n. 2631.
On rotten wood.
TriposporiuiTi ficinusium. Preuss.
Tufts broad, black ; hyphae erect, simple, septate, long,
blackish-brown, dilated at the base, attenuated and paler
upwards ; conidia solitary, inserted at the apex of the coni-
diophore, pedicellate, tri-radiate, central portion blackish-
brown, rays paler, apiculus white, obtuse, 4-5-septate.
Tripogporium ficinusium, Preuss, Fung. Hoyersw., p. 54;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2634.
On rotten wood.
TEIP0SP0EIU3I — HELICOSPOEIUM. 439
Sect. YI. HELICOSPORAE. Sacc.
HELICOSPOEIUM. Kees. (figs. 10, p. 397, and 29, p. 443.)
Sterile hyphae creeping, fertile ascending, dark-coloured,
furnished here and there with small spine-like ongrowths
that bear the conidia. Conidia terminal or lateral, spirally
coiled, hyaline or coloured, pluriguttulate or pluriseptate,
coloured.
Helicosporium, Nees, Syst. der Pilze, p. G8 ; Emend., Sacc,
Mich., ii. p. 29 ; Sacc, Syll., iv., p. 557.
Some pale coloured species connect the present genus with
Helicomyces in the Mucedineae.
Helicosporium pulvinatum. Er.
Tufts broadly effused, dingy yellowish-white, becoming
dusky ; hyphae slender, septate, branched, dingy olive, 3-4 fx
diameter; conidia in spirals with 2-3 turns, 2 /x diameter,
70-80 jx long, not septate but multinucleate, hyaline.
Helicosjjorium imhinatum, Yr.fSjst.^Lyc., iii. p. 354; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 2638.
On rotten wood, especially oak.
Var. eflfusum, Berk. Tufts effused, exceedingly thin ;
conidia colourless.
Helicosporuni Miilleri. Sacc. (fig 10, p. 397.)
Tufts broadly effused, rather woolly, dark olive; sterile
hyphae creeping, fertile ascending, fasciculate, 10 /x thick,
not branched, septate, smoky or brownish, towards the tip
with minute branchlets or tooth-like projections that give
origin to the conidia. Conidia cylindrical, sparingly septate,
6-7 /x thick, colourless, spirally coiled, diameter of entire coil
about 25 /x.
Helicosporium Miilleri, Sacc. Mich., ii. p. 129 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv, n. 2639.
Helicoma Miilleri, Corda.
On rotten wood of poplar, oak, &c
Helicosporium viride. Sacc.
Tufts efiused, olive-green ; mycelium olive, interwoven,
fertile threads erect, septate, olive, tips paler ; conidia large,
440 FUXGUS-FLOKA.
cylindric - clavate, septate, hyaline, coiled in 1-2 loose
spirals.
Helicosporium viride, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2G40.
Helicocoryne viridis, Corda.
On rotten wood.
Helicosporium lumbricoides. Sacc.
Effused, forming greyish-white spots ; hyphae creeping,
slender, branched and more or less anastomosing, 4—5 fx dia-
meter, remotely septate, 2')ale sooty-grey, with hyaline denti-
culations at the insertion of the conidia; conidia worm-like,
coiled in 2-3| loose spirals, 150 X 4 yit, with many guttulae
in a single row, hyaline.
Helicosporium lumbricoides, Sacc, Mich., i. p. 86; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 2642.
On rotten oak wood.
Helicosporium vegetum. Nees.
Tufts broadly and vaguely effused, golden, then yellow, at
length olivaceous, sometimes black ; fertile hyphae straight,
simple, rather closely septate, 300 X 4 /-t, pallid at first, at
length sooty-black, studded laterally with minute hj'aline
points to which the conidia are attached ; conidia filiform, in
a spiral of 2-3 turns, 45-65 X 1-1 '5 /a, furnished with many
guttulae in a single row, septate, greenish, pellucid.
Helicosporium vegetum, Isets, Syst. d. Pilze, p. 68, fig. 69 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2643.
On rotten wood, especially oak.
Helicosporium. ramosum. Mass. (fig. 29. p 443.)
Tufts effused, often large, downy, dingy brown with
an olive tinge ; sterile hyphae creeping, fertile ascending,
vaguely branched, brownish, septate, 5-7 /x thick, bearing
short lateral branches that gradually increase in length and
form a close spiral, the whole forming an olive brown coni-
dium varying from elliptical to obtusely fusiform, 60-80 x
30-40 /x, consisting of 7-9 coils.
Helicoryne ramosum, Berk, and Smith, Gard. Chron., 1882,
April 8th.
On wood.
STILBEAE. 441
Fam. III. STILBEAE. Fr.
Byssoid fungi, pallid or brown. Sterile hyphae creeping,
scanty; fertile hyphae or conidiophores collected in erect,
stem-like fascicles (stromata), bearing the conidia at their
tips.
The present family differs from the two preceding in
having the fertile hyphae agglutinated into erect, stem-
like bundles, the tips of the hyphae usually becoming free
near the apex of the fascicle, and bearing the spores. There
are two primary groups, one resembling the Mucedineae in
having the hyphae and conidia pallid ; the other resembling
the Dematieae in having the hyphae and conidia dark
coloured.
Series I. Hyalostilbeae. Sacc.
Hyphae and conidia pale.
Sect. 1. Amerosporae. Sacc.
Conidia globose, elliptical, or oblong, continuous, hyaline
or pallid.
Sect. 2. Phragmosporae. Sacc.
Conidia oblong, or fusiformly-elon gated, 2- many-septate
or guttulate.
Series II. Phaeostilbeae. Sacc.
Hyphae and conidia (or one or the other) brown, rigid.
Sect. 1. Amerosporae. Sacc.
Conidia globose, oblong, or elongated, continuous.
Sect. 2. Phragmosporae. Sacc.
Conidia oblong or cylindrical, 2- many-septate.
442
FUNGUS-FLOrtA.
ff. V^^'^'
FIGURES ILLUSTRATIXG THE STILBEAE.
Fig. i, Exosporium tiliae; section of fungus and conidium ; — Fig. 2,
Epiclocldum atrovirens ; section of fungus, and portion of hyjiliae with a
conidium ; — Fig. 3, Myrothecium inundaium : general appearance of
fungus, and portion of section showing conidiophores bearing conidia ; —
Fig. 4, Atrobotryum airum : — Fig. 5, Aegerita Candida ; — Fig. 6, Dendro-
docliium affine; — Fig. 7, Tuherculina persicina ; — Fig. 8, Volutella ciliata;
— Fig, 9, sterile hypha and two conidiophores bearing conidia, of same
STILBUM. 443
Fam. III. STILBEAE.
Series I. Hyalostilbeae. Sacc.
Sect. 1. Amerosjooreae. Sacc.
STILBUM. Tode. (figs. 20-22, p. 442.)
Stroma subterete, nsuall}' elongated and stem-like, com-
posed of agglutinated liyphae that become free above and
form a more or less swollen head ; conidia minute, con-
tinnous, borne on the tips of the hyphae forming the head,
at first involved in mucus.
Stilhum, Tode, Fung. Mechl., i. p. 10; emended by Sac-
cardo in Mich., ii. p. 32 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 564:.
The distinct, simple or branched stem bearing a single
head, and. the conidia involved in mucus characterise the
genus. Small fungi, rarely exceeding ^ of an inch in
height.
Stilbum orbiculare. B. & Br.
Forming white patches an inch or more in diameter,
springing from a white, thin, pulverulent stratum, stem
cylindrical, tomentose, often with a torn frill-like structure
at the apex ; head globose ; conidia cylindrical, 5 X 2 /x,.
Stilbum orbiculare, B. & Br., Ann. Sci. Kat., n. 1714 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 2676.
On Lindbladia effusa.
fungus; — Fig. 10, Epicocciim pwyurascens, section of; — Fig. 11, coni-
dium of same; — Fig. 12, Endodesmia gJauca; — Fig. 13, Bactridium
helvellae, spore of,-— Fig. 14, Fusarium solani ; — Fig. 15, Grainliium
sulndatum ; — Fig. 16, Isaria citrina, and portion of a branch showing
origin of conidia; — Fig. 17, Periola tomentosa : — Fig. 18, Hymenula
rubella; — Fig. 19, Sporocyhe hyssoides ; — Fig. 20, Stilbum citrinellum ; —
Fig. 21, section of head ot same, showing it to consist of hyphae spreading
from the stem ; — Fig. 22, hyphae bearing conidia, from head of same ; —
Fig. 23, Ceratium hydnoides; — Fig. 24, Tuhercidaria euonymi ; section of
fungus and curved condiophore ;— Fig. 25, Cylhidrocolhi urticae: —
Fig. 26, lllosporhim rosenm ; — Fig. 27, Fusarium betae ; — Fig. 28, Spha-
celia segetum ; — Fig. 29, Helicosporium ramosum. (All the figures are
highly magnified.)
444 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Stilbum tomentosum. Schr.
Gregarious, every part pure Avhite, stem slender, tomen-
tose ; head subrotund becoming opaque ; conidia globose,
2-3 ^ diameter. The plants spring from an effused white,
creeping mycelium.
Stilbum tomentosum, Schr., Journ., 1799, ii. p. 65, t. 3, f. 2 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2677.
Very minute. Parasitic on various species of MyxogasfreSj
as Trichia, Didymium, Arcyria, &c.
Stilbum erythrocephalum. Ditm.
Gregarious or scattered, stem rather thick, tomentose,
■whitish, terminating in a turbinato-globose, rosy or deep red
head; conidia elliptical, 4-6 X 2-2-3 /x, hyaline, borne on
slender, septate, colourless conidiophores that are nodulose
at the apex, 50-60 X 3-3*5 fx.
Stilbum eryth-oce^halwn, Ditm. in Sturm. D.C., t. 45 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 2680.
On damp dung of rabbits, pigeons, &c.
Stilbum vulgare. Tode.
Stems gregarious, fibrous, smooth, elongated, becoming
thinner upwards, white, then yellowish ; head globose,
white, then 3'ellowish ; conidia elliptical, hyaline, 8 X 5—6 fx.
Stilbum vulgare, Tode, Mecklenb., i. p. 10, t. 2, f. 16 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 2682.
On rotten wood, oak cupules, &c.
Stilbum. pellucidum. Schrad.
Scattered ; head white, from turbinate to subglobose ;
stem equal, rigid, hyaline.
Stilbum pellucidum, Schrad., Journ., 1779, p. 65; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 2685.
On rotten wood, decaying fungi, &c.
Scarcely 2 mm. high. Allied to S. vulgare.
Stilbum. acicula. Sacc
Mj^celium obsolete ; stems scattered, scarcely 2 mm. high,
gregarious, white or pallid, splitting longitudinally; head
subglobose, white ; conidia ellipsoid, minute.
Stilbum acicula, Sacc, S3'll., iv. n. 2691.
PacJinocybe acicula. Berk., Engl. Flora, vol. v. p. 334.
On herbaceous stems.
STILBUM. 445
Stilbum vaporarium. B. & Br.
Stems clustered, fasciculate, more or less connected at tlie
base, grey ; heads flesh-coloured ; conidia elliptic-oblong,
7-8 X 3 fi.
Stilbum vaporarium, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 493 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2968.
On wood.
Distinguished from >S^. fasciculatum more especially by the
lar2;er size of the conidia.
Stilbum fasciculatum. B. & Br.
Stems flabellato-fasciculate, joined at the base, grey ;
heads flesh-colour ; conidia elliptical, 5 X 2 fi.
Stilbum fasciculatum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 492 ;
Sacc, Sylh, iv. n. 2699.
On fallen wood.
According to Cooke the present species is the conidial
condition of Sjjliaerostilhe gracilipes.
Stilbum fimetarium. B. & Br.
Slenrler, clear-red, head at first subconic then becoming
flattened and angular; conidia ellipsoid, 6-7 /x long.
Stilbum fimetarium, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 494 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2710.
Small ; on the dung of various animals.
Stilbum. aurantiacum. Bab.
Subfasciculate, orange ; stem smooth, darker at the base ;
head subclavate ; conidia oblong, obtuse, subtruncate, 12-
14 fx long.
Stilbum aurantiacum, Babington, Linn. Soc. Trans., 1839 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2714.
On dead elm branches.
Stilbum. turbinatum. Tode.
Head variable, globose, oval, or obpiriform, whitish or
golden ; stem yellow, base greenish, pellucid ; conidia
globose.
Stilbum turbinatum, Tode, Meckl., p. 12, t. 2, f. 20 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 2718.
Stilbum citrinum, Per.^., Syn., p. 681.
On rotten beech trunks.
446 FUXGUS-FLORA.
Stilbum ramigenum. Sacc.
Stem citrin-yellow, cylindrical, formed of filiform, septate,
fasciculated liyphae, expanding at the apex into a sub-
globose head ; hyphae attenuated at the apex, bearing
numerous short, lateral conidiophores ; conidia globose,
echinulate, 10 yu, diameter, collecting in masses.
Stilhum ramigenum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n, 2719.
Acremonium ramigenum^ B. Ot Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1319,
t. 18, f. 10.
On rotten branches.
Stilbum melleum. B. & Br.
Minute; pale yellow; stem short, hispid, dilated above;
conidia globose, l'b-2 jx diameter; globose, warted, honey-
coloured, crystallised bodies 12—15 /x diameter are mixed with
the conidia.
Stilbum melleum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1G09, t. 10,
fig. 5; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2667.
On bark.
Stilbum citrinellum. Cke. & Mass. (figs. 20-22, p.
442.)
Minute, scattered, stem erect, cylindrical, whitish, a little
attenuated upwards ; head subglobose, lemon-yellow ; com-
]3acted hyphae furcate at the tips ; conidia solitary", elliptical,
continuous, hyaline, 7-9 X 4 /^i.
Stilhum citrinellum, Cke. & Massee, Grev., vol. xvi. p. 81.
On fading leaves of Lycopodium. Whole fungus about
2 mm. high.
ISAKIA. Pers. (fig. 31, p. 397.)
Stroma erect, clavate and simple or variously branched or
fimbriated, consisting of loosely compacted hyphae, every-
where bearing conidia that are burne at the tips of the
hyphae ; conidia minute, globose or elliptical, continuous,
colourless.
Isaria, Persoon, Tent. Disp., p. 41 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 584.
On the ]jupa, larval, or imago condition of insects, also on
wood, dung, leaves, &c. The species on insects are mostly
conidial conditions of species of Cordycejijs.
ISARIA. 447
* On insects.
Isaria farinosa. Fr. (fig. 31, p. 397.)
Subcaespitose ; white, 1 in. or more high, stem distinct,
simple, glabrous, fertile, upper portion thickened, more or
less branched, powdery ; conidia globose, hyaline, 2 jx
diameter.
Isaria farinosa, Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 271 ; Sacc, SylL,
iv. n. 2772.
On dead, putrescent chrysalis form of various insects,
especially those buried amongst fallen leaves.
The conidial condition of Cordyce^s militaris.
Isaria floccosa. Fr.
Caespitose ; subulate, simple, white, 2-4 mm. high,
everywhere floccoso-tomentose ; conidia subglobose, 2 jx
diameter.
Isaria floccosa, Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 274; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 2778.
On larvae and pupae of Bomhyx Jacohaea, .
Isaria sphingum. Schw.
Gregarious; stromata erect, very long, filiform, often
compressed, subpulverulent, springing from a silky fibroso-
crustaceous mycelium ; conidia subglobose, 2 /x diameter.
Isaria sphingum, Schweinitz, Syn. Fung. Carol., p. 126,
n. 1298 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2781.
On the pupa of a dipterous insect in Scotland. In other
countries on SjpMngum and various Orthopterous and Lepi-
dopterous insects.
The ascigerous form, Cordyceps spliingum, Sacc, has not yet
been recorded for this country.
Isaria arachnophila. Ditm.
Caespitose, springing from a whitish stroma, cylindrical,
unbranched, white or with a suggestion of pink; conidia
linear-obh>ug, 3-4 x 2 /x.
Isaria arachnophila, Ditm. in Sturm, D. C. FL, t. 55 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 2791.
On various spiders. .
448 FUXGUS-FLORA.
** On dung or on the ground.
Isaria felina. Fr.
Tufted, slender, elongated, branched, white, consisting of
more or less parallel hyphae firmly compacted in the centre,
beconiit)g loose at the periphery, tips of branches sometimes
fimbriate; conidia about 3 x 2 /x.
Isaria felina, Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 271 ; Sacc, SylL, iv.
n. 2793.
On dung of cats and dogs. From J-J in. high.
Isaria sulphurea. Fiedl.
Gregarious, clavate pale sulphur-colour; stem formed of a
bundle of interwoven hyphae ; conidia borne on the minute
branchlets of the hyjDhae, that are variously branched above,
subglobose, with a yellow tinge, 5-6 fx diameter.
Isaria sulphurea, Fiedl., in Eab. Fung., Eur., n. 60 ; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 2794.
On the dung of various mammals, and on manured
ground.
The flo:-ci of my specimens did not anastomose so much as
in Saccardo's drawing [Fung. Ital., t. 845], and they were
swollen at intervals, the swelling being very similar to a
conidium. (Grove.)
***
On fungi.
Isaria brachiata. Schum.
Gregarious on a whitish stroma, white, erect, rigid, more
or less branched, branches subhorizonal, flocculose ; conidia
elliptical, hyaline, 3-4 X 2 />t.
Isaria brachiata, Schum., SaelL, ii. p. 443 ; Sacc, SylL, iv.
n. 2800.
On various putrescent fungi ; also said to have occurred
on leaves, roots, &c.
Isaria intricata. Fr.
Caespitose, thread-like, branched, white, 2-6 mm. hio-h ;
branches few, erect, intricately interwoven, downy, the
threads bearing one conidium at the apex.
ISARIA. 449
Isaria intricata^ Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 278 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 2802.
On various species of decaying or dried up fungi.
Isaria citrina. Pers. (fig. 16, p. 442.)
Gregarious, springing from a yellow stroma ; yellowisli,
very much branched, villous and powdered with the white
conidia, feathery above ; conidia subglobose, 3-4 /x.
Isaria citrina, Pers., Syn., p. 689 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2801.
On decaying fungi, also on trunks, &c.
Isaria umbrina. Pers.
Caespitose ; clavate, branched, salmon-colour ; branches
divided, straight, tips rather flattened, everywhere villose;
conidia obovate, pale brown, 5-6 X 3 /a.
Isaria umhrina, Pers., Syn., p. 687 ; Sacc, SylL, iv.
n. 2807.
About 2 lines high. On Hypoxylon coccinewn, of which it
is the conidial form.
[Isaria microscopica, Grev., Scot. Or. PL, t. 3 = Stilbum
iomentosum.']
**** On wood or hark.
Isaria Friesii. Mont.
Minute, up to 2 mm. high, whitish, fasciculate, erumpent,
villous, conidia oblong, 3-4 /a long.
Isaria Friesii, Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. ii., vi. p. 28, t. 12,
f. 3 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2809.
On the bark of branches, bursting through the epidermis.
Sometimes greyish or yellowish.
Isaria muscigena. Cke. & Mull.
Pallid. Stroma erect, simple or forked, compressed, 1-2
lines high, gregarious, but not fasciculate ; conidia large,
sphaeroidal, 8-9 yu, diameter, hyaline.
Isaria muscigena, Cke. & Mull., Grev., vol. xvi. p. 81.
Among Hypnum serpens, on trunks.
Isaria albida. Fr.
Gregarious, white, club-shaped, about 1 line high, club
sometimes forked ; conidia elliptical, 6 x 4 /x.
Isaria albida, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2814.
VOL. III. 2 Q
450 FUXGUS-FLOEA.
Fachnocybe alhida (Fr.), Berk., Eng. FL, v. p. 335.
On rotten wood and herbaceous stems. Scattered specimens
resemble short white hairs.
Isaria spumarioides. Cooke.
Densely tufted, white, palmate or infundibuliform, tips
crisped, lobed, or serrate, attenuated below into a minute
stem ; stems more or less connate ; conidia subglobose, 4-5 /x
diameter.
Isaria spumarioides, Cke., Grev. ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2816.
On bark. Superficially resembling Sjnimaria alba.
Isaria tomentella. Fr.
Gregarious ; simple cylindrical or subclavate, dingy
yellow, 1 line high, rather thick, villose.
Isaria tomentella, Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. 276 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 2832.
On rotten wood, also amongst leaves.
Isaria clavata. Ditm.
Gregarious ; springing from a stroma ; simple, clavate,
whitish or sometimes brownish, villous ; conidia subglobose,
2-3 fx diameter.
Isaria clavata, Ditm. in Sturm, D. C. FL, t. 56 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 2826.
On trunks. From 2-3 lines high.
***** On leaves, floicers, or fruit.
Isaria fuciformis. Berk.
Slender, pale or bright rose-colour, ^ in. high, simple or
sparingly branched, branches acute; conidia very minute,
globose, 2 /x diameter.
Isaria fuciformis, Berk., Austr. Fung., n. 205 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 2889.
On leaves and germinating seeds of grass.
Isaria puberula. Berk.
Minute, reddish, about 1 line high; stem straight,
branches few and simple, tips clavate, subverticillate,
mealy.
CEKATIUM — ATRACTIUM. 451
Isaria jniherula, Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 221, t. xii. f. 12 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2839.
On dead Dahlia flowers.
Excluded species.
Isaria microscopica, Grev. = Stilhum tomentosum.
CERATIUM. Alb. & Schw. (fig. 23, p. 442.)
Stroma club-shaped, simple or variously branched, in-
distinctly cellular, externally covered everywhere with
conidia, borne on very short spicules that give to the stroma
a velvety appearance, when the conidia have fallen away ;
conidia large, continuous, hyaline.
Ceratium, A. & S., Comp. Fung. Lus., p. 358 ; Sacc, Syll.,
vol. iv. p. 596.
The present genus is considered by some authors as
belonging to the Myxogastres, differing from the Hijjphomycetes
in the absence of true hyphae, and in the conidia giving
origin to active amoeboid bodies on germination. Saccardo
considers the genus to be allied to Isaria^ but the points of
agreement appear to be confined to superficial resemblances,
Ceratium hydnoides. A. & S. (fig. 23, p. 442.)
Formiug minute, or sometimes effused, pure white tufts, .
consisting of numerous erect, simple or slightly branched
spines that deliquesce and almost disappear when touched ;
conidia hyaline, smooth, broadly elliptical or globose,
10-12 X 8 or 10 /x diameter.
Ceratium hydnoides, A. & S., Com., p. 358, t. 11, f. 7; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 2845.
On rotten wood.
Sect. 2. Phragmosporeae. Sacc.
xVTEAOTIUM. Link. (fig. 33, p. 397.)
Stroma stem-like, terete, composed of a fascicle of more or
less parallel hyphae, expanded to form a conidia-bearing
2 G 2
452 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
iead at tlie apex ; conidia falcate -vermicular, 2- many-septate,
siibhyaline.
Atractium, Link, Berlin Mag., iii. p. 10 (1809); Sacc,
Syll., iv. p. 599.
Distinguished from other compound stemmed, more or less
club-shaped genera by the slender, pointed, elongated, many-
.septate conidia.
Atractium flammeum. Berk. & Eav. (fig. 33, p. 397.)
Stroma c^^lindric-clavate, obtuse, shortly stipitate, 1 mm.
high, reddish flame-colour; whitish below, pruinose ; conidia
fusoid, curved, both ends acute, hyaline, 4-6 septate, not
•constricted at the septa, 70-75 /xlong ; sporophores elongated,
septate, 3 • 5 /x thick.
Atractium flammeum. Berk. &Eav., Ann. Kat. Hist., n. 757;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2860.
On bark of living willow, &c.
Series II. Phaeostilbeae. Sacc.
Sect. 1. Amerosporae. Sacc.
SPOKOCYBE. Fries, (fig. 19, p. 442.)
Stem consisting of a fascicle of hyphae, fibrous, apex
capitate and bearing the conidia ; capitulum globose or
elongated ; conidia subglobose or ellipsoid, brown.
Sporocyhe, Fries, emended by Bonorden, Hdbk., p. 138 ;
Sacc, SylL, iv. p. 604.
Somewhat resembling Periconia in habit, but in the latter
the stem consists of a single hypha, and not of a bundle of
liyphae as in the present genus.
Sporocybe byssoides. Bon. (fig. 19, p. 442.)
Stems gregarious, subulate, 1 mm. high, rigid, blackish-
grey, springing from a common compact base ; heads minute,
blackish-olive; conidiophores paler, divergent; conidia
obovate, 4-6 x 3-4 /x; olive, 1-guttulate.
Sporocyhe byssoides^ Bonorden, Hdbk., p. 138, f. 217; Sacc,
Syll., 2877 & 1310.
On stems of herbaceous plants ; branches of ivy (Hedera),
box (Buxiis), &c.
SPOEOCYBE. 453
Sporocybe brassicaecola. Sacc.
Stem black, sometimes forked ; head globose, at first grey,
then black ; conidia grey, irregular, more or less attenuated
at the ends, 5-10 fx long.
Sporocyhe brassicaecola, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2878.
Periconia brassicaecola, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1452,
t. 1, f. 3.
Forming dense black patches on the inside of decayed
cabbage-stalks.
Sporocybe cuneifera. Sacc.
Stem attenuated upwards, brownish, simple or sparsely
divided by the separation of the hyphae into two or more
bundles from being firmly compacted below ; heads ovate ;
conidia obversely cuneate or narrowly obovate, pale greenish-
brown, 10-11 X 3-4 /x.
Sporocybe cuneifera, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2879.
Stilbum cimeiferum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1451 >
t. 1, f. 2.
On rotten cabbage-stalks.
Sporocybe calycioides. Fr.
Black, 4 mm. high; mycelium effused, forming spots;
head subglobose, compact ; stem slender, subulate, sometimes
striate, sometimes flexuous.
Sporocybe calycioides. Fries, Sysc., Myc, iii. p. 342 ; Sacc.,.
Syll., iv. n. 2855.
Periconia calycioides (Fr.), Berk., Outl., p. 343.
On dead herbaceous stems, trunks of beech, &c.
Sporocybe atra. Sacc.
Black. Scattered or gregarious, J-J mm. high; stem
erect, opaque, rather rigid ; head ovoid, with spreading, short
hyaline conidiophores ; conidia oblong-fusiform, olive,
10-12 fjL long.
Sporocybe atra, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2891.
Graphium atrum, Desmaz., XVI. Not., p. 343 (1848.)
On dry leaves of Holciis mollis and species of Festuca.
Sporocybe Phillipsii. Sacc.
Minute; stem erect, cylindrical, black; head globose;
conidia globose, brown, verruculose, 7-10 jx diameter.
45-i rUXGUS-FLOEA.
Sporocyhe FhiUqmi, Sacc, Sj'll., iv. n. 2894.
Periconia PhiUijJsu, Berk. & Leight., Ann. Kat. Hist.,
n. 1453 ; Grev., vol. iv. t. 42.
On naked ground, along with, a minute species of
Thelocarpon. Stem about equal in height to the diameter of
the head, thick for the size of the plant. Looks at first sight
like a little Spliindrina, so minute that it is quite invisible
to the naked eye. (B. & L.).
GEAPHIUM. Corda. (fig. 15, p. 442.)
Stroma cylindrical, clavate, or capitate, brownish, rather
rigid ; the upper hyphae paler, lax, and bearing the conidia ;
conidia elliptical or oblong, hyaline, often involved in mucus
at first.
Grcqjliium, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 18 ; Sacc., SylL, iv.
p. 609.
Distinguished from Isaria and Stilhum by the dingy
brown colour of the erect stroma.
I. EU-GEAPHIUM. Head whitish or glaucose.
Graphium stilboideum. Corda.
Gregarious, scarcely 2 mm. high, stem long, filiform,
consisting of parallel sooty hyphae, expanded at the apex
into a pale subrotund discoid head ; conidia elliptic-oblong,
6x3, hyaline.
Graphium stilboideum, Corda, Icon. Fung., ii. p. 69 ; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 2896.
On branches, cabbage-stems, &c.
Graphium rigidum. Sacc.
Stems gregarious, robust, rigid, blackish-olive, fragile,
becoming subulate from a thickened base ; head at first
watery-white, then grey, compact, easily breaking off.
Graphium rigidum, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2897.
Stilhum rigidum, Persoon, in Uster AnnaL, i. p. 32, f. 2 ;
and Pers., Svn., p. 680.
On rotten trunks.
GEAPHiu:\r. 455
Graphium Desmazieri. Sacc.
Coarsely velvety, sooty, stems erect, 450 X 40, formed of
numerous brown septate hyphae; upper hyphae spreading;
in a paniculate manner, branched, almost hyaline, the small
branchlets flexuoso-denticulate and bearing the hyaline,
elliptical conidia, measuring 3-4 x 2 • 5 /x.
Grapliiiim Desmazieri, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2898 ; Fung.
Ital., t. 394.
Graphium flexuosum. Sacc.
Gregarious, blackish, stem elongated, filiform, usually
flexuous or geniculate, base slightly incrassated, composed
of parallel, septate, brown hyphae; head clavate then
subglobose, even ; conidia hyaline, subglobose, 2 • 5 /x dia-
meter, borne at the tips of repeatedly forked hyaline hyphae.
Graphium flexuosum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2902.
Stilbmn flexuosum, Massee, New Micro-Fungi, Journ. Eoy.
Microscop. Soc, vol. v. p. 758, figs. 1-3.
On rotten wood, 1-2 lines high, gregarious.
Graphium subulatum. Sacc. (fig. 15, p. 442.)
Stems scattered, rigid, 2-4 mm. high, subulate, black ;
head elongated, cylindric-fusiform, acute, grey; conidia
almost globose, hyaline.
GrapJiium suhulatum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2910.
Periconia suhulata, Nees, Act. Leop., ix. t. 5, f. 8.
On trunks, pericarps, &c
Graphium Grovel. Sacc
Stems subgregarious, erect, 300-500 {x high, rigid, filiform,
shining brown, blackish at the base ; head equal to the stem
or a little more, also slightly thicker, rather clavate, obtuse
or rather acute, never subulate; conidia rounded or oval,
very minute, 2 fx diameter, hyaline.
Graphium Grovei, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2911.
Pachnocyhe clavulata, Grove, New or Noteworthy Fungi,
Journ. Bot., vol. xxiii. p. 14, t. 256, f. 10.
On rotten decorticated wood.
Graphium. Passerinii. Sacc
Stems hair-like, erect, brown, composed of fasciculate
456 FUNGUS-FLOEA.
hyphae varying in length, free at the tips and bearing the
minute, ovate-oblong, continuous, hyaline conidia.
Graphium Passerinii, Sacc., SylL, iv. p. 2912.
Grafhium siihulatum, Pass, et Beltr., Fung. Sic, n. 33 (not
of Nees).
On dry corticated branches of Biibus.
Graphium Stevensonii. Sacc.
Scattered; stem very short, black; head white, globose;
conidia very minute, globose, hyaline, about 2 fi diameter.
Grapliium Stevensonii, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2915.
Stilbum Stevensonii, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist.,
n. 1713.
On rotten wood. Eesembling a Didymium in habit.
Graphium griseum. Sacc.
Densely gregarious, velvety, short ; stems black, fibrous,
about 2 mm. high, head subglobose, rather large, grey then
blackish and globose; conidia greyish, elliptical, 1-guttulate.
Grapliium griseum, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2926.
Pachnocyhe grisea, Berk., Engl. Flor., v. p. 334.
On decaying stems.
Graphium glaucocephalum. Sacc
Tufts slender, powdery, glaucous, rather inconspicuous;
stem short, slender, glabrous, blackish-brown, opaque ; head
globose, large, glaucous ; conidia ovate, yellowish, guttulate.
Graphium glaucocephalum, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2927.
Sporocyhe glaucocephala, Bon.
Periconia glaucocephala, Corda.
On rotten nettle stems, &c.
Graphium piliforme. Sacc.
Stems gregarious, straight, black, glabrous ; head spheri-
cal, hyaline, very fugacious ; conidia hyaline, elliptic-oblong,
subcylindrical, at first conglutinated together.
Graphium piliforme, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 2928.
Stilbum piliforme, Pers., Syn., p. 581.
On rotten branches and herbaceous plants.
GEAPHiu^r. 457
Graphiuin nigrum. Sacc.
Stem short, scarcely 1 mm. liigb, blackish ; head ovate or
subglobose ; conidia subcyliiidrical, minute, numerous.
Graphium nigrum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2931.
Stilbum nigrum, Berk., Engl. FL, v. p. 330.
On rotten stems of Eriophorus.
Graphium graminum. Cke. & Mass.
Scattered, minute, dispersed over the leaves and culms,
grey ; stems erect, composed of delicate septate threads,
almost colourless when separated; conidia elliptical, con-
tinuous, hyaline, 6 X 3-4 /x.
Graphium graminum, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 11.
On Gijnerium.
Graphium penicilloides. Corda.
Stems scattered, black, short, 100-130 jx high, thick,
obtusely clavate above, sometimes swollen below, composed
of fasciculate hyphae, paler upwards ; conidia acrogenous,
linear, hyaline, 4-5 X 1*5 /x., forming a whitish head.
Graphium penicilloides, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 18, t. 5,
f. 251 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2895.
On bark of sycamore, poplar, &c.
II. CHROMOCEPHALUM. Head hrighthj coloured.
Graphium anomalum. Sacc
Minute, hardly 1 line high; head subglobose, yellow;
stem black, yellow upwards, generally even, sometimes
rather floccose at the base ; apex expanded, disciform, conidia
almost fusiform.
Graphium anomalum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2937.
Stilbum anomalum. Berk., Mag. Zool. & Bot., n. 34, t. Ill,
f. 9.
On dead branches.
Graphium bicolor. Sacc.
Exceedingly minute; head rounded, whitish, at length
becoming olive; stem rather firm, subulate, pallid, olive-
brown at the base.
Graphium bicolor, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2943.
458 rUNGUS-FLOEA.
Stilbum hicolor, Pers., Syn., p. 682.
On trunks, branches, &c.
HAEPOGRAPHIUM. Sacc. (fig. 30, p. 397.)
Stroma forming a stem, apex forming a head or equal,
sooty-brown, bearing more or less loose paler conidiophores
upwards ; conidia elongated or falciform, continuous,
hyaline.
Harpographium, Sacc, Mich., ii. p. 33; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 619.
Only differs from Graj)liiiim in the elongated or falciform
conidia.
Harpographium graminum. Cke. & Mass. (fig. 30,
p. 397.)
Solitary, scattered, very minute ; stem consisting of a
fascicle of septate, olive hyphae, becoming free and spread-
ing above ; conidia cylindric-fusiform, 2-guttulate, hyaline,
HaijJograpMum graminum, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 81.
On straw.
STYSANUS. Corda. (fig. 28, p. 397.)
Stroma erect, cylindrical or clavate, brown, rather rigid ;
conidia ovoid, lemon-shaped, or somewhat fusoid, subhyaline,
concatenate, grouped into an oblong or subglobose, somewhat
lax, terminal panicle.
Stysamis, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 21 ; Sacc, Syll,, iv.
p. 620.
Stysanus stemonites. Corda. (fig. 28, p. 397.)
Gregarious, stem simple, thin, blackish-brown, consisting
of septate, olive-brown, parallel hyphae, which separate above
into a cylindrical head; conidia ovate or lemon-shaped,
concatenate, almost colourless, S x o fx.
Stysanus stemonites, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 22, t. vi.
f. 283; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2951.
On trunks, branches, leaves, &c.
STYSANUS — GKAPHIOTHECIUM. 459
Stysamis clematidis. Fckl.
Stems gregarious, slender, striate, black, 1 line higli ; the
conidia-bearing portion elongato-cylindrical, occupying half
the length of the stem, grey ; conidia elliptical, 8 X 2 /x,
hyaline.
Stysanus clematidis, Fuckel, Symb. Myc, p. 365; Sacc,
SylL, 2960.
On rotting stem of clematis.
Stysanus putredinis. Corda.
Tufts, effused, crowded, shining white, then mealy and
tinged with pale red ; stem straight, slender, wavy, downy
and somewhat pilose, white ; head large, obovate, snow-
white ; chains of conidia at first few and distant, then
becoming numerous and crowded, short; conidia elliptic-
oblong, opalescent.
Stysanus putredinis, Corda, Icon., iii. t. ii. f. 36 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 2965.
On rotten leaves, stems, &c.
GEAPHIOTHECIUM. Fuckel. (fig. 34, p. 397.)
Stroma vertical, composed of fasciculate hyphae, inflated
at the base and resembling a perithecium. Conidia spring-
ing from the tips of the hyphae, continuous, fusoid, cate-
nulate.
Grapliiothecium, Fckl., Symb. Myc, p. 366 ; Sacc, SylL, iv.
p. 624.
Distinguished amongst the genera with an elongated
vertical stroma composed of fasciculate hyphae by the very
much swollen base of the stroma, which resembles a perithe-
cium in appearance.
Graphiothecium parasiticum. Sacc. (fig. 34,
p. 397.)
Yery minute, rather scattered, simple, stem composed of
more or less parallel hyphae, very slender, subulate, glabrous,
blackish-brown, base spherically incrassated, above cylin-
drical, white ; chains of conidia short, conidia minute,
elliptical, colourless, 5-7 /x long.
Graphiothecium p)arasiticum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2971.
460 FUXGrS-FLORA.
Sti/saniis parasiticus, Desm., Ann. Sci. Xat., ser. iii. v. x.
p. 344.
On fading or rotten leaves of various plants.
Sect. 2. JPliragmosporae, Sacc.
AETHPtOBOTEYUM. Cesati. (fig. 4, p. 442.)
Conidiopliore capitate, on an elongated coloured, rigid
stem composed of agglutinated, parallel, septate liyphae,
that spread out at the apex and become more or less free,
bearing the septate, coloured conidia at their tips.
Artlirobotryum, Cesati in Hedw., i. t. iv. f. 1 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. p. 608.
Usually gregarious, the hyphae forming the compact,
rigid, dark-coloured stem becoming free at the tip and
forming a head, the tips of the hypliae bearing the conidia.
Arthrobotryum stilboideum. Cesati.
Gregarious, blackish brown, stem tapering upwards,
blackish, conidia cylindrical, 3-septate, endochrome becoming
pale brown, 10-12 X 4 /x.
Arthrobotryum stilboideum^ Cesati, Hedwigia, i. t. iv. f. 1 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2986.
On rotten wood. AATiole plant not 1 mm. in height.
Arthrobotryum atrum. B. k Br. (fig. 4, p. 442.)
Gregarious, blackish, stem stout, cj^lindrical, rigid ; head
large, subglobose ; conidia cylindric-ovoid, 3-4 septate, the
two end cells pale, remainder brown, 30-40 X 12-16 yu,.
Artlirobotrytim atrum, B. & Br., Ann. Xat. Hist., n. 822,
t. ix. f. 6 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 2987.
On dead stems of various herbaceous plants, and on
branches.
Fam. lY. TUBEECULAEIEAE. Ehrenb.
Compact ; usually originating from a more or less de-
veloped basal stroma ; wart-like, globose, discoid ; super-
TUBERCULARIEAE. 46 1
ficial or erumpent; waxy or subgelatinons. Conidia borne
laterally or terminal on simple or branched conidiopKores
that are agglutinated together to form a head ; very rarely
sessile.
The principal character of the group under consideration
consists in the agglutination of the conidiophores to form a
waxy or subgelatinous, wart-like or depressed head ; conidia
usually minute, very numerous.
Series I. Tubercularieae mucedineae. Sacc.
Hyphae and conidia hyaline or bright coloured (not
black).
Sect. 1. Amerosporae. Sacc.
Conidia continuous, elliptical, curved, shortly cylindrical,
or fusoid.
Sect. 2. Didymosporae. Sacc.
Conidia 1 -septate, hyaline or pale-coloured.
Sect. 3. Phragmosporae. Sacc.
Conidia elongated, fusiform or falcate, typically 2- many-
septate.
Series II. Tubercularieae dematieae. Sacc.
Hyphae olivaceous or smoky-black; conidia similarly
coloured, rarely hyaline.
Sect. 1. Amerosporae. Sacc.
Conidia continuous, globose, elliptical, elongated, or
unequal, for the most part brown.
Sect. 2. Phragmosporae. Sacc.
Conidia oblong or cylindrical, 2- many-septate, coloured.
462 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Pam. IV. TUBEBCULARIEAE. Ehr.
Series I. Tubercularieae mucedineae. Sacc.
Sect. 1. Amerosjporae, Sacc.
TUBEKCULAEIA. Tode. (fig. 24, p. 442.)
Sporodocliium wart-like or tubercular, sessile or subsessile,
generally some shade of red, waxy, glabrous, very rarely
ciliated at the margin; conidia produced at the tips of
lateral branchlets or at the apex of the conidiophores, con-
tinuous, elliptical or oblong, typically solitary.
Tuhercularia, Tode, Meckl. Fung., i. p. 18 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 638.
Many of the so-called species are known to be the conidial
stage of species of Nectria.
The sporodochium consists of densely compacted, simple
or branched, straight or curved conidiophores which spring
from a pseudo-parenchymatous base, and become expanded
at the apex to form a more or less capitate structure. The
minute conidia form a dense waxy layer covering the
surface of the sporodochium.
I. On trunks and brandies of trees or woody shrubs.
Tubercularia vulgaris. Tode.
Sporodochia gregarious, rather large, erumpent, margin
naked, red, shining, glabrous, globoso-depressed, sometimes
flattened and also confluent, more or less shortly stipitate ;
conidiophores fasciculate, straight, repeatedly forked, with
very short lateral branchlets; conidia elliptic-oblong, some-
times slightly curved, 6-8 X 1 * 5-2 /x, terminal on the
branchlets.
Tubercularia vulgaris, Tode, Meckl. Fung., i. p. 18, tab. iv.
fig. 30 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3002.
On branches of various trees.
Tubercularia granulata. Pers.
Dingy red, becoming rarely black, granuliform, erumpent ;
TUBERCULAEIA. 463
conidial stratum rugose, margin naked ; conidiopliores
filiform, branched ; conidia ovato-oblong, hyaline, borne on
the lateral branchlets.
Tuhercularia granulata, Pers., Syn., p. 113; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 3006.
On branches of various trees, bursting through the bark.
Tubercularia nigricans. Link.
Tubercles rather large, immersed, red, even, margin naked,
stratum of conidia red ; flesh of tubercle at length black.
Tuhercularia nigricans, Link, Sp. PI., xi.p. 102 ; Sac, Syll.,
iv. n. 3009.
On dead branches of elm, and other trees.
Tubercularia versicolor. Sacc.
Sporodochia minute, sometimes flesh colour, sometimes
greenish ; conidia ovoid-oblong, 7-9 x 3-3 • 5 /x, flesh-colour
greenish, terminal on filiform conidiophores.
Tubercularia versicolor, Sacc, Fung. Ital., t. 961 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 3036.
On box twigs (Buxus).
Tubercularia sarmentosum. Fries.
Sporodochia small, emerging in longitudinal lines through
the split epidermis, crimson; conidia allantoid, 7-8 x
2-2 • 5 /A, hyaline.
Tuhercularia sarmentosum. Fries, Obs., i. p. 208 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 3042.
On twigs of ivy, &c.
Tubercularia subpedicellata. Schw.
Sporodochia minute, pale brick red, narrowed below into a
rather long base, epidermis elevated round the pedicel, head
emerging above the ruptured cuticle, globose, the pedicel
separated from the head by a red line; conidial stratum
rugulose ; conidia 6-7 X 3-4 fx.
Tuhercularia jpedicellata, Schw., Syn. Amer. Bor., n. 3014;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3038.
On Syringa and Lycium.
Tubercularia ligustri. Cke.
Tubercles minute, convex, erumpent, soon black and de-
pressed in the centre, subsessilc ; conidia very minute, ellip-
464 FUNGUS-FLORA.
tical, hyaline, 2 X 1 /x; conidiophores short, delicate, appa-
rently simple.
Tubercularia ligustri, Cke., Grev., vol. xvi. p. 49.
On twigs of Ligustriim.
Tubercularia euonymi. Eonm. (fig. 24, p. 442.)
Tubercles minute, pulvinate, brick-red ; conidia cylindri-
cal, G X 1 />', produced laterally on filiform, strongly curved
conidiophores.
Tubercularia euonymi, Eoum., Fung. Gall., n. 55 ; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 3013.
On Euonymus.
Tubercularia expallens. Fries.
Tubercles subglobose, minute; flesh of stroma whitish,
stratum of conidia pale rose-colour, then yellowish ; conidia
ellipsoid, obtuse.
Tubercularia expallens, Yrles in index of Syst. Myc, iii. p.
197 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3015.
On dead branches of horse-chestnut.
Tubercularia sambuci. Corda.
Erumpent, rather large, vermilion ; stroma somewhat im-
mersed, convex, grumous, yellow inside, externally red ;
conidia vermilion, minute, oblong, rather acute, diaphanous.
Tubercularia sambuci, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 4, f. 69 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 3020.
On elder (Sambucus^
Tubercularia aesculi. Opiz.
Erumpent; tubercles short, fuscous inside, often lobed
above, stratum of conidia vermilion; conidia rather large,
oblong, obtuse, whitish, diaphanous.
Tubercularia aesculi, Opiz. in Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 4, f.
77 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3014.
On dead branches of horse-chestnut.
Tubercularia confluens. Pers.
Gregarious, confluent, large, rosy flesh-colour, then -pale ;
conidia! layer thick, diffluent; stroma pulvinate, whitish,
yellowish inside at the base ; conidia large, fusoid-ovate,
somewhat obtuse.
TUBERCULARIA. 465
Tuherciilaria confluens, Pers., Syn. Fung., p. 113 (in part) ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3017.
On bark of poplar, willow, sycamore, &c.
Tubercularia minor. Link. Var. Syringae, Cke. &
Mass. Minute, erumpent, born-coloured then flesh-colour or
reddish, shining, gelatinous when moist, stroma readily
falling away when mature ; conidia oblong, straight, rounded
at the ends, 12 x 2 /x; conidiophores simple.
Grev., 1889, p. 80.
On twigs of lilac.
II. On Jierhaceoiis stems.
Tubercularia herbarum. Fries.
Erumpent, innate, pallid, minute ; the wedge-shaped stroma
purple inside, and covered with a pale conidial stratum;
conidia ovate, involved in mucus.
Tubercularia herbarum, Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 465 ; Sacc.,.
SylL, iv. n. 3056.
On dead herbaceous stems.
Tubercularia brassicae. Lib.
Tubercles superficial, wart-like, minute, red, even ; conidia
cylindrical, very slightly curved, 8-10 x Ij /x, hyaline,
borne laterally on simple or forked, toothed conidiophores.
Tubercularia brassicae, Lib., Herb., n. 1019 ; Sacc, Syll., iv^
n. 3057.
On decaying cabbage stalks.
III. On leaves.
Tubercularia aquifolia. C. & M.
Tubercles scattered, innate, at length erumpent, pallid
flesh-colour, subsessile ; conidiophores rather thick, furcate ;
conidia narrowly elliptical or sausage- shaped, obtuse, 12-15
X 2-3 /x.
Tubercularia aquifolia, Cke., & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 49.
On dead holly leaves.
VOL. ui. 2 H
4:66 FUNGUS-FLOKA.
IV. Oil fir cones.
Tubercularia conorum. C. & M.
Tubercles sessile, erumpent in lines, convex, often con-
fluent, rosy; conidiopliores long, straight, erect; conidia
allantoid, obtuse, 8-10 X 2-3 /x.
Tubercularia conorum, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 49.
On fir cones.
DENDEODOCHIUM. Bon. (fig. 6, p. 442.)
Sporodocliium pulvinate or wart-like, variable, white or
bright. coloured ; conidia elliptical or oblong, hj-aline, pro-
duced at the tips of somewhat verticillately branched coni-
diophores.
Dendrodochium, Bonorden, Hdbk., p. 135 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 650.
Allied to Tubercularia, but distinguished by the conidio-
phores being more or less verticillately branched.
Dendrodochiuni citrinum. Grove.
Sporodochium wart-like, ^ mm. diam., circular, very con-
vex, distinctly marginate ; disc shining, citrin-yellow, deepest
outside the tumid margin ; conidiophores repeatedly 2-5-ver-
ticillately branched ; branches filiform ; conidia apical on the
branchlets, spherical, yellowish, guttulate I'lo /x diameter.
Dendrodochium citrinum, Grove, in Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3083.
On rotten wood of Pinus sylvestris (?).
Dendrodochinm affine. Sacc. (fig. 6, p. 442.)
Sporodochium bursting through from below the cuticle,
hence erumpent, depressedly cushion-shaped, reddish, mi-
nute ; conidia broadly elliptical, 4-5 x 2-3 /x, biguttulate, at
first with a faint tinge of rose, then hyaline ; conidiophores
filiform, fasciculate, 2-3-times forked above, sparingly sep-
tate ; sterile hyphae creeping, distantly septate.
Dendrodochium a^ne, Sacc, Mich., ii. p. 562 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 3073.
On dead stems of potato and sunflower.
DENDRODOOHIUM — TUBERCULINA. 467
TUBERCULINA. Sacc. (fig 7, p. 442.)
Sporodochium minute, j)lano-convex, often more or less
violet, at length becoming hard and sclerotiform ; conidia
snbglobose, acrogenous, conidiophores rather thick, simple,
or with a few short branchlets.
Tuherculina, Sacc, Mich., vol. ii. p. 34 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p.
653 ; Mass., Brit. Fung., vol. i. p. 203.
The species are remarkable for being parasitic on the mem-
bers of another family of fungi, the Uredines. The general
habit is that of a Tuhercidaria, near to which form-genus it is
placed by Saccardo. Gobi, on the other hand, considers the
genus as having more affinity with the Ustilagineae.
Tuberculina persicina. Sacc. (fig. 7, p. 442.)
Sporodochium plano-convex, minute, several often arranged
concentrically, violet-brown, paler inside; conidia subglo-
bose, 7-8 rarely 10 /x diameter, rosy-violet, smooth; conidio-
phores simple, or with a few scattered branches, aseptate,
denticulate at the tips, almost colourless.
Tuberculina persicina, Sacc, Fung. Ital., t. 964 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 3088 ; Plow., Brit. Ured. and Ustilag., p. 299 (excl.
syn. Tuberculina vinosa, Sacc) ; Mass. Brit. Fung., vol. i. ]3.
204, fig. 132.
Tubercularia persicina, Ditm. in Sturm's Fl. Deutschl.,
t. 49.
Parasitic on JJredo, Aecidium, and Boestelia stages of
various Uredines.
Tuberculina vinosa. Sacc.
Closely allied to Tuberculina persicina, from which it differs
in the larger pustules of a vinous colour ; conidia subglobose
or ovoid, 11-12 X 10 /x, conidiophores shorter, thicker, sep-
tate, simple.
Tuberculina vinosa, Sacc, Michelia, i. p. 262, and ii. p. 34;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3089 ; Massee, Brit. Fung., vol. i.
p. 204.
Parasitic on Aecidium on Coltsfoot, on Boestelia on apple
and hawthorn, and on Aecidium on boraginaceous plants.
Eare.
2 H 2
468 FUNGUS-FLORA.
ILLOSPOEIUM. Mart. (fig. 26, p. 442.)
Sporodochium wart-like, pulvinate, or somewhat effused,
white or bright-coloured, subgelatinous and waxy, sometimes
cracking ; conidia variable, globose or sigmoid, agglomerated
in irregular clusters by mucus ; conidiophores variable.
IHosporium, Martius, Fl. Cr. Erlang., p. 325; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. p. <6bQ.
Differs from Tuhercularia in the conidia being; held too-ether
m irregular masses by mucus. Often forming rosy stains on
lichens.
lUosporiiim roseum. Mart. (fig. 26, p. 442.)
Erumpent, free, gregarious and forming irregular masses,
soft, subgelatinous, deep rose-colour, readily becoming pow-
dery and friable ; conidia ovoid, unequal, involved in mucus;
conidiophores branched and contorted.
Hlosporium roseum, Mart., Fl. Erl., p. 325 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 3100.
Growing on the thallus of various species of lichens,
Physcia, Parmelia, &c.
Illosporium coccineum. Fries.
Sporodochia minute, crowded, globose, scattered every-
where, scarlet, at length breaking up into similarly coloured
conidia, which are subglobose and held by mucus in small
groups.
Ulosporium coccineum, Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 259^; Sacc,
Syll., IV. n. 3101.
On the thallus of various lichens.
Illosporium corallinum. Eob.
Gregarious, minute, rosy, globose, ovoid or cylindrical,
more or less branched and coral-like ; conidia variable in
shape, somewhat hyaline, agglutinated in groups.
Illosijorium corallinum, Eob., in Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., 1848,
X. p. 342 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 3102.
On various species of frondose lichens.
Illospori-uin carneum. Fries.
Gregarious, globose, free, soft, powdery, flesh-red ; conidia
ILLOSPORIUM— AEGERITA. 469
ovoid, curved, rosy-hyaline, aggregated by mucus into small
groups.
lUosponum carneum^ Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 259 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 3103.
On lichens, especially belonging to the genus Peltigera.
Illosporium Curreyi. Berk.
Sporodochia subglobose orpulvinate, scattered or gregarious,
formed of interwoven, branched hyphae that are constricted
at the septa ; conidia bright yellow, globose.
Ariliroderma Curreyi, Berk., Outl., p. 357.
Illosporium Curreyi, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3116.
On dead twigs and leaves.
AEGEEITA. Pers. (fig. 5, p. 442.)
Sporodochium subglobose, sessile, delicate, somewhat mealy,
superficial, growing on wood ; conidiophores white or pallid,
short, rather thick, simple, or slightly branched, sometimes
obsolete ; conidia globose or ovoid, rather large, more or less
terminal, solitary.
Aegerita, Pers., Disp. Fung., p. 40; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 661.
Aegerita Candida. Pers. (fig. 5, p. 442.)
Crowded, granular, subglobose; minute, pure white when
growing, yellowish when dry, even, glabrous, minutely
mealy from the numerous conidia ; sporophores short, fascicu-
late, rather thick, cylindrical, wavy ; conidia elliptical, base
sometimes apiculate, 12-15 x 7-8 /x, usually terminal, hya-
line.
Aegerita Candida, Persoon, Syn., p. 684 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n.
3124.
On wood and bark of elder in wet places.
Aegerita virens. Carm.
Scattered, granuliform, minute, hemispherical, olive ; coni-
diophores fasciculate at the base, radiating, rather thick,
flexuous, simple or dichotomous, often clavate at the tips;
conidia terminal, globose, pale olive, 15 /x diameter.
Aegerita virens, Carmichael in Herb. ; Grev., vol. xvi. p. 81.
On birch bark.
470 - FUNGUS-FLOEA.
SPHACELIA. Lev. (fig. 28, p. 442.)
Si3orodoclimm somewhat plane, effused, seated ou a fleshy
or waxy basal stratum ; conidiophores short, somewhat
simple, rod-shaped ; conidia ovoid, single, acrogenous.
■S]^liaceUa^ Lev., Mem. JSoc. Linn., v. p. 578 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. p. QQQ.
Definitely known to be the conidial condition of species
of Clavice^s and EpicMoe.
Sphacelia segetum. Lev. (fig. 28, p. 442.)
"Whitish, covering the surface of the young stroma of
Claviceps imrpurea with a somewhat mealy bloom ; coni-
diophores rod-shaj^ed, slightly clavate, densely packed,
continuous, hyaline, 9-12 /x long; conidia solitary at the
tips of the conidiophores, elliptical, hyaline, 4-6 x 2-3 //..
Sphacelia segetum^ Lev., Mem. Soc. Linn., v. p. 578; Sacc,
Syll., iv. 3147.
Covering the surface of the young stroma of Claviceps
inirpurea, of which it is the conidial stage. Springing from
the ovary of various species of grass.
Sphacelia typhina. Sacc.
"Waxy, pale flesh-colour, encircling the leaf-sheaths or
stems of grasses for a sj)ace of 1-2 in. as a continuous, thin,
crustaceous layer; conidiophores 20-24 x 1*5-2 [x, rod-
shaped, slightly attenuated upwards; conidia acrogenous,
ovoid, 4—5 X 3 /x, hyaline.
Spliacelia typhina, Sacc, Mich., ii. p. 297 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 3150.
On the leaf-sheath or rachis of various grasses, Dadylus,
Holcus, Triticum, &c.
The conidial condition of Epichloe typhina.
HYMENULA. Fr. (fig. 18, p. 442.)
Sporodochium disciform, regular, brightly coloured;
conidia borne at the tips of simple or rarely forked coni-
diophores.
SPHACELIA — HY3IENULA. ' 47
Hymenulaj Fries, Syst. Myc, ii. p. 233 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 667.
The black species are arranged under the genns Hymenoims,
amongst the Tuhercidariae dematiae.
Hymenula constellata. B. & Br.
Sporodochia orbicular, 1 * 5 mm. across, pallid, compact in
the centre, conidiophores branched, compact ; conidia
elliptical, 5 X 3 /x.
Hymenula constellata, B. & Br., Ann. Xat. Hist., n. 1590;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3170.
On rotten wood.
Hymenula rubella. Fr. (fig. 18, p. 442).
Sporodochium oblong, shining, yellowish-red, agglutinated
to the matrix ; conidiophores acicular, sometimes furcate,
20-25 X 1 /x; conidia terminal, cylindrical, ends obtuse,
straight or slightly curved, 5-7 X 1*5 /x, hyaline.
Hymenula rubella, Fries, Elench., ii. p. 38 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 3171.
On dead stems of Typha, Juncus, PJiragmites, Carex, &c.
Hymenula Berkeley!. Sacc.
Sporodochium punctiform, pallid, gelatinous, dingy white
or pale yellow, about J mm, diameter ; sometimes subundu-
late ; conidia elliptical, 5 /x long.
Hymenula Berkeleyi, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3174.
Hymenula jpunctiformis, B. & Br., Ann. Kat. Hist., n. 729 ;
Berk., Outlines, p. 291.
On fir wood. With the habit of a small Calloria.
Hymenula vulgaris. Fries.
Sporodochium subgelatinous, naked, slightly elevated,
oblong or irregular, 2-6 mm. long, white or with a tinge of
blue when fresh, blackish when dry ; conidiophores erect,
densely crowded, very slender, colourless, simple (?), throw-
ing off conidia at the apex ; conidia 5-6 X 1 * 5-2 /x, obtuse
at both ends, colourless, very numerous, slisihtly curved.
Hymenula vulgaris, Fries, Sjst. Myc, iii. p. 234; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 3157.
On rotting stems of Angelica, TJrtica, &c.
472 rUNGUS-FLOEA.
CYLINDPiOCOLLA. Bon. (fig. 25, p. 442.)
Sporodochium siibtreinelloid, wart-like, irregular, brightly
coloured ; conidia terminal on the tips of repeatedly forked
conidiophores, concatenate, rod-shaped, truncate at both
ends.
Cylindrocolla, Bonorden, Hdbk., p. 149 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 673.
Characterised by the repeatedly dichotomising conidio-
phores and the concatenate cylindrical truncate conidia.
Cylindrocolla urticae. Bon. (fig. 25, p. 442.)
Gregarious, irregularly circular, becoming collapsed in
the centre, bright orange-red ; conidiophores repeatedly
forked, elongated ; conidia terminal on the branchlets,
cylindrical, 8-12 X 1*5 /a, continuous, hyaline.
Cylindrocolla urticae, Bon., Hdbk., p. 149 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 3190.
On dead nettle stems. Forming bright orange-red, sub-
gelatinous, minute patches. Said to be the conidial con-
dition of Calloria fusarioides.
PEEIOLA. Fries, (fig. 17, p. 442.)
Sporodochium free, superficial, rounded, variable, sur-
rounded by the cortex ; stroma cellular, fleshy or somewhat
gelatinous ; conidia globoso-ovoid, hyaline, continuous, in
peripheral chains mixed with bristles.
Periola, Fries, Syst. Myc, ii. p. 266 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 681.
Allied to Volutella, but differing in the peripheral chains
•of conidia.
Periola tomentosa. Fries, (fig. 17, p. 442.)
Rounded, deformed, tomentose, white, scattered or con-
glomerated, often confluent, base adnate, 4-6 mm. across,
somewhat fleshy, pallid inside, firm ; conidia obovate,
minute, 5 X 3 /x, hyaline, (catenulate ?), borne on densely
-crowded, rod-shaped basidia.
PERIOLA — VOLUTELLA. 473
Periola tomentosa, Fries, Syst. Myc, ii. p. 267 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. no. 681.
On potatoes that have been stored.
VOLUTELLA. Tode. (figs. 8 and 9, p. 442.)
Sporodochium disciform, regular, margin with elongated
cilia, or in some species everywhere with projecting spine-
shaped hyphae or cilia, sessile or stijDitate; conidia elliptical,
oblong, or subglobose, terminal or slender, simple or branched
conidiophores, which constitute the sporodochium.
Volutella, Tode, Mecklenb. Fung., i. p. 28; emended by
Saccardo in Mich., ii. p. 36 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. p. 682.
Distinguished by the regular and symmetrical sporo-
dochium, which is either fringed or studded all over with
elongated projecting spine-like hyphae. Certain sessile,
broadly applanate, more or less irregularly shaped species
have been removed to the genus Psilonia.
A. Sporodochium stipitate or with a narroioed hase.
Volutella ciliata. Fries, (figs. 8 and 9, p. 442.)
Sporodochium substipitate or contracted at the base,
pale pink or whitish, hemispherical, 150-200 /x across, disc
slightly convex, furnished at the margin with a fringe of
scattered, hyaline, continuous or septate, elongated, pointed
hyphae 250-500 X 8-10 /x ; conidiophores densely crowded,
unbranched, colourless or with a tinge of rose-colour ; conidia
narrowly elliptic-oblong, ends rounded, hyaline, straight, or
slightly subinequilatcral, 5-7 X 2-2*5 /x.
Volutella ciliata, Fries, Syst. Myc, iii. p. 467 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 3223.
On rotten wood and branches, also on decaying fruits,
tubers, &c.
Var. stipitata. Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3223. Sporodochium
shortly stipitate, stem brownish, or subsessile, hemispherical,
rather fleshy, covered above with a rose-coloured layer of
conidia, marginal setae scanty, rigid, septate, subulate,
hyaline ; conidia elliptic-oblong, minute, hyaline, 2-guttulate,
5 X 2 • 5 /x.
474 FUNGUS-FLOKA.
Psilonia stipltata^ Libert, exs. cent., iii. n. 287.
On rotten branches and stems, and on various sclerotia.
Volutella roseola. Cke.
Sporodocliium snbglobose, rose-colour, seated on a distinct
thin stem -like base, cilia marginal, elongated, flexuous,
attenuated upwards ; conidia cylindrical, 3 X 1 /x.
Volutella roseola, Cke., in Grevillea ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3230.
On brancbes. Distinguished from Volutella ciliata by the
much smaller conidia.
Volutella hyacinthorum. Berk.
Minute; pure white, shortly but distinctly stipitate ; sporo-
dochium surrounded by a row of long, pointed, colourless
hairs ; conidia colourless, 4 x 1 * 5 /x.
Volutella liyacintliorum, Berk., Outl., p. 340; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 3231.
Psilonia liyacinihorum, Berk., Engl. FL, v. p. 353.
On dead bulbs, leaves, herbaceous stems, &c.
Volutella nivea. Sacc.
Ermnjoent; sporodochia gregarious or confluent, snow-
white, 1-2 mm. diameter, sessile, hemispherical, hairs
hyaline, numerous, wavy, with spreading branches ; conidia
minute, elongato-cjdindrical, curverl, hyaline.
Volutella nivea, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3236 fnot of Fries), which
is, as pointed out by Cooke, of insect origin, being caused
by Adelges fagi^ as proved by an authentic specimen from
Pries.
On bark of beech, emerging through the cracks.
B. Base of sjporodocliium broad and flattened.
* Growing on Dicotyledons.
Volutella setosa. Berk.
Sporodocliium white, sessile on a broad base, margined
and its substance interspersed with elongated, continuous,
hair-like hyphae ; conidia globose, very minute, about 1 jx
diameter.
TOLUTELLA. 475
Volutella setoscij Berk., OutL, p. 340 ; Sacc,, Syll., iv.
n. 3235.
Aegerita setosa, Grev., Scot. Crypt. FL, tab. 268. fig. 2.
On rotten herbaceous stems, &c.
Volutella buxi. Berk.
Sporodochia gregarious, minute, sessile, j^ulvinate, the
elongated setae clear pale rose, septate, tips obtuse, 100-120 x
4 fjL erecto-divergent, forming a fringe round the sporodochium ;
conidia oblong-fusoid, acute at both ends, 10-12 x 3-5 fx;
pale rose-colour.
Volutella hiixi, Berk., OutL, p. 340; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3237.
Chaetostroma huxi, Corda, Icon. Fung., ii. f. 107.
On the under surface of box leaves.
Volutella gilva. Sacc.
Sporodochia scattered, erumpent, convex, |— 1 mm. dia-
meter, rather compact, sometimes elongated, dingy yellow or
reddish, its substance interspersed with filiform, very wavy,
150-200 X 5-6 ft, septate, ochraceous setae that are rough
at the tips; conidia cylindrical, straight, ends obtuse,
10-13 X 1-2*5 fji, basidia fasciculate, filiform, 15-20 X
1-5-2/x.
Volutella gilva, Sacc, Mich., ii. p. 208; Sacc. Syll., iv.
n. 3240.
On putrid leaves, stems, &c.
Volutella discoidea. Sacc.
Sporodochium 2-4 mm. high, orbicular, elongated, flexuous,
pale fulvous then browri, at first setulose all over, disc
proliferous, margin rosy-brown ; conidia oblong or sub-
cymbifoiTQ, 9 x 3-4 /x.
Volutella discoidea, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3246.
Psilonia discoidea, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., 1866, n. 1150,
t. o. I. o.
On rotten wood.
«*
Growing on Monocotyledons.
Volutella arundinis. Desm.
Sporodochium oblong, pale rose-colour ; setae hyaline,
fasciculate ; conidia elliptical, 5 ^x long.
476 FUXGUS-FLORA.
Vohitella arimdinis, Desm., Obs. Crypt., 1830, p. 12; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 3261.
On sheaths of Phragmites communis.
Volutella melaloma. B. & Br.
Sj)orodochia ora-nge-colour, fringed with black, septate
cilia ; conidia fusiform, often slightly curved, appendiculate,
8 X 4 /x.
Volutella Qiielaloma, B. & Br,, Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 496, t. xi.
f. 3 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 3252.
On leaves of a species of Carex.
Volutella festucae. Sacc.
Si)orodochium sessile, epiphyllous, hemispherical, woolly,
minute, lax, fugacious, whitish rose-colour; setae subdistant,
erect, simple, acute, continuous, hyaline ; conidia cylindrical,
curved, ends obtuse, pale rose-colour, 5-6 X 2 /x.
Volutella festucae, Sacc. Syll., iv. n. 3262.
Psilonia festucae, Lib., Exs., n. 286.
On leaves of Festuca.
Sect. 2. DidymosjJorae. Sacc.
EKDODESMIA. B. & Br. (emend.) (fig. 12, p. 442.)
Sporodochium subglobose, conidiophores very short and
forming a compact basal stratum, each bearing an erect
chain of uniseptate conidia; sterile hyphae numerous, elon-
gated, radiating from the base, slender, continuous.
Endodesmia, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Kat. Hist., 1871, p 16;
Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 691.
An examination of the type specimen shows that the
spores are not at all appendiculate. Difiers from Volutella
in the long chains of 1- septate conidia.
Endodesmia glauca. B. & Br. (fig. 12, p. 442.)
Sporodochium about 1 line high and across, glaucous;
conidiophores very short, rod-like, conidia elliptical, both
ends rather acute, 1-septate, smooth, almost or quite hyaline,
catenulate, chains more or less erect ; sterile hyphae, radi-
ating on all sides, very slender, rather wavy, 200 X 2 /x, con-
tinuous, almost hyaline.
ENDODESMIA— BACTRIDIU^r. 477
Endodesmia glaiica, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., 1871,
n. 1318, t. XX. f. 9 (conidia wrong shape, and should not be
appendiculate) ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 3267.
On old cabbage stalks, forming minute glaucous or
greyish, silky-looking tufts under a lens. The above de-
scription is drawn up from the type specimen.
Sect. 3. Phragmosporae. Sacc.
BACTKIDIUM. Kunze. (fig. 13, p. 442.)
Sporodochium superficial, rather thin, more or less convex ;
conidia elongated, large, pluriseptate, colourless or coloured ;
conidiophores simple or branched, terete.
Bactridium, Kunze, Mykol., Heft i. p. 5 ; Sacc, SylL, iv.
p. 691.
Distinguished by the very large, elongated, multiseptate
conidia.
Bactridium flavum. K. c<: S.
Sporodochium nearly globose, clear orange, 1-1 • 5 mm.
across; conidia fusiform-clavate, 150-180 x 30-50 /x, 5-6-
septate, olive with a rufous tinge ; sporophores simple,
150-180 X 8-10 /x, colourless.
Bactridium flavum, Kunze & Schw., Myk., Heft i. p. 5, t. i.
f. 2 ; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 3268.
On rotten wood.
Bactridiuni acutum. B. & W.
White; parasitic, conidia attenuated at the base, apex
acute, 1-3-septate, penultimate joint tumid.
Bactridium acutum, Berk. & White; Scottish Xat., iv.
p. 162, t. ii. f. 4; Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 3275.
Parasitic on the hymenium of Peziza coclileata. Differs
from Bactridium helvellae in the conidia being constantly
acute at the apex and attenuated towards the base.
Bactridium helvellae. B. & Br. (fig. 13, p, 442.)
Sporodochia confluent, thin, minute, subelfused ; conidio-
johores suberect, sparingly branched ; conidia clavate, clavato-
piriform, subfusiform, colourless, at maturity 6-7-se23tate,
60-70 X 14-16 /x.
478 . FUXGUS-FLORA.
Bactridium pczizae, B. & Br., Ann. Xat. Hist., n. 816, t. ix.
f. 3 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3270.
On the liymenium of a Pezlza.
Bactridium atrovirens. Berk.
Hypliae forked, pellucid; conidia lanceolate, 1-2-septate,
dingy green, forming a minutely granular olive-green
stratum.
Bactridium atrovirens. Berk., Engl. Flora, vol. v. p. 350 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3278. ^
On trunks. There is no specimen in the Berkeley
herbarium.
rUSAPJUM. Link. (figs. 14 and 27, p. 442.)
Sporodochium pulvinate or rather effused ; conidia fusoid or
falcate, typically pluriseptate at maturity, borne at the tips
of branched conidiophores.
Fusarium, Link, Berl. Mag., iii. p. 10 (1809), emended by
Sacc, Mich., ii. p. 35 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 694.
usispo) nun I ^|. j^g^j^y qI^ authors.
belenosporium j '^
Often occurring as more or less effused, orange crusts that
are rather gelatinous when moist.
I. EU-FUSARIUM. Conidia fusoid, falcate, or cylindrical,
one or many-septate,
Fusarium lateritium. Kees.
Sporodochium variable, thick, erumpent, deep brick-red ;
conidia arcuate, acute at both ends, 39-40 x 4—5 fx, 4-5-
seiDtate, borne on oppositely branched conidiophores.
Fusarium lateritium, Nees, Syst., f. 26; Sacc, Syll., iv. n.
3283..
On dead branches, galls, &c.
Fusarium sarcochroum. Sacc.
Sporodochium erumpent, i-J mm. diameter, fleshy, rather
convex, compact, at first white, then flesh-colour or reddish ;
hyphae densely fasciculate, ascending, sejotate, repeatedly
FUSARIUM. 479
dichotomously branclied ; conidia produced at the tips of the
branches, fusiform, slightly curved, acute at both ends, 3—5-
septate, rosy-hj^aline, 28-40 X 4—6 /x.
Fusarium sarcocliroum^ Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3281.
Selenosjporium sarcochroiim, Desm., Ann. Sci. JSat., 1850, xiv.
p. 111.
On the bark of branches.
Fusarium pyrochroum. Sacc.
Sporodochia sj^ot-like or minute, erumpent, remaining
partly covered, pale ochraceous, flame-colour when drj^
A— J mm. across ; conidia produced at the tips of verticillately
branched, curved conidiophores, 35-40 x 3-5 /^, spuriously'
3— 5-septate, acute, rosy-hyaline.
Fusarium pijrochroum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3282.
Selenosporium pTjrochroum, Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., 7 850, xiv.
p. 111.
On dead branches.
Fusarium vinosum. Mass.
Sporodochia minute, gregarious, erumpent, deep vinous
brown, often becoming confluent and forming a crust, some-
what gelatinous ; conidia fusoid, arcuate, acuminate at the
ends, 37 X 40 X 4-5 /x, 5-septate, borne on oppositely
branched conidiophores.
On decaying beech mast.
Fusarium viticola. Thiim.
Sporodochia solitary or scattered, sometimes confluent,
large, elevated, originating under the epidermis, which is at
length perforated, slightl}^ rugulose, shining, almost flesh-
colour ; conidia exactly fusiform, slightly curved, sometimes
straight, rather acute at both ends, 3-5-septate, not con-
stricted at the septa, subnucleate or granular within,
36-40 X 4 /x, hyaline.
Fusarium viticola, Thiim, Weinst., p. 52, t. iii. f. 3 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 1288.
On dry vine twigs.
Fusarium tubercularioides. Sacc.
Erumpent, minute, purple ; stroma fleshy, ochraceous :
conidia 45-50 /x long, fusiform, curved, very acute at both
ends, 6-septate, white.
480 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Fusariiim tuhercidarioides, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3299.
Selenosporium tuber cularioides, Corda, Ic, i. p. 7, f. 111.
On rotten branches of JRuhus.
Fusarium foeni. B. & Br.
Golden-red, sporodochium broadly effused, mycelium
creeping, sparingly septate, conidiopbores very short;
conidia oblong, curved, 1-2-septate, 45-50 X 5 /x, hyaline.
Fusarium foeni, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 550; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 3306.
On damp hay.
Fusarium myosotidis. Cke.
Hypophy lions. Spots small, irregular, pallid ; stroma thin ;
conidia fusiform, curved, triseptate, hyaline, 30 X 3-4 /x.
Fusarium myosotidis, Cke., Grev., xvi. p. 49.
On fading leaves of Myosotis.
Fusarium inaequale. Auersw.
Conidia rose-colour, hyaline, variable in shape, oblong,
fusiform, and linear, 1-5-septate or continuous, rounded at
both ends, 7-15 /x long.
Fusarium inaequale, Auersw., in Klot. Herb. Myc, n. 1383;
Bot. Ztg., 1850, p. 439; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3310.
On various decaying substances.
Fusarium dififusum. Carm.
Effused, orange, conidia fusiform, accuminate, slightly
fusiform, especially at the extremities, 3-5-septate, hyaline,
60-70 X 3 //.
Fusarium diffusum, Carm. MS., Grev., xiv. p. 81.
On thistle stems. Near F. roseum.
Fusarium. roseum.. Link.
Sporodochium minute, sessile, subglobose or rather effused,
gregarious, rust-colour ; conidia fusiform, pale, very abundant,
30-65 X 4 /x, usually 3-septate.
Fusarium roseum, Link., Sp. PI. Fungi, ii. p. 105; Sacc,
SylL, iv. n. 3311.
On decaying leaves and stems.
Fusarium brassicae. Thiim.
Sporodochia wart-like, densely gregarious, sometimes but
FUSAEIUM. 481
rarely confluent, compact, rather firm, superficial, opaque
brown ; conidia lunulate, fusiform, rather acute at both ends,
2-septate, but not constricted at the septa, sometimes guttu-
late, hyaline, 30-36 x 3-4*5 /x, conidiophores short.
Fusarium hrassicae, Thiim., Hedw., 1880, p. 191 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n, 3314.
On rotten cabbage stalks.
Fusarium Cordae. Mass.
Sporodouhium broad, orange ; hyphae creeping, branched
and densely interwoven, 3-5 fx thick, hyaline ; conidiophores
acicular, branched ; conidia fusoid, curved, very acute at
both ends, 3-5-septate, rosy-hyaline, 40-55 X 3-5 jx.
Fusarium aurantiacum, Corda, in Sturm, t. 8.
Fusarium oxyf^orum, Schlecht, var. aurantiacum, Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 3334.
On various decaying vegetable substances, seeds, fruits, &c.
Curda's name is antedated by (Link) Sacc.
Fusarium caeruleum. Sacc.
Sporodochium broadly effused, bright violet-blue; conidia
fusiform, 2-o -septate, curved, 24-30 X o-Q /x.
Fusarium caeruleum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3335.
Fusarium violaceum, Fuckel, Symb. Myc, p. 369.
On rotten tubers of potato.
Fusarium solani. Sicc (fig. 14, p. 442.)
Globose, irregular, tomentose, white; hyphae branched;
conidia fusiform-falcate, 3-5-septate, 40-60 x 7-8 fx, almost
hyaline.
Fusarium solani, Sacc, Mich., ii. p. 296 ; Syll., iv. n. 3336.
Fusisporium solani, Mart., Kartof. Epid., t. 3, f. 25-30.
Fusarium heterosporum, Nees.
Sporodochium rather tremelloid, expanded, deep red ;
conidia fusiform, 3-5-septate, 30-35 /x long.
Fusarium heterosporum, Nees, N. A. Cur., ix. p. 135; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 3343.
On the fruit, glumes, and in the seed of various grasses.
Fusarium minimum. Fckl.
Sporodochia very minute, spot-like, hemispherical, often
VOL. III. 2 I
482 FUNGUS-FLOKA.
confluent, vermilion ; coniclia fusiform, curved, obscurely
3-septate, 14 x 3 /x, hyaline.
Fusarium minimum^ Fuckel, Symb. Myc, p. 370, t. 1, f. 39 ;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 3345.
On fading grass leaves.
Fusarium insidiosum. Sacc.
Sporodocliia wliitisli, subglobose, very minute ; mycelium
creeping ; conidiophores simple or branched, torulose ; conidia
fusiform, falcate, apiculate, 50 /x long, 1-5 septate.
Fusarium insidiosum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3346.
Fusisporium insidiosum, Berk., Gard. Chron., 1860, p. 480,
with a fig.
On leaves and culms of Agrostis pulchella.
Fusarium bulbigenum. Cke. & Mass.
Effused, whitish, at first somewhat erumpent in small
tufts, which become confluent; conidia fusiform, arcuate or
incurved at the acute extremities, triseptate, hyaline,
40-50 X 5 /x.
Fusarium bulbigenum, Cke. & Mass., Grev., xvi. p. 49.
On bulbs of Narcissus.
Fusarium. filisporum. Sacc.
Sporodochium minute, rosy, developing in the capsules
and amongst the leaves of mosses; conidia filiform, multi-
septate, breaking up at the septa, 170 /x long.
Fusarium filisporum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3348.
Fusisporium filisporum^ Cooke.
On Orthotrichum.
Fusarium obtusum. Sacc.
Tremelloid, white ; conidia cylindrical, generally at-
tenuated at the ends, obtuse, 3-septate, 40 x 5 /x.
Fusarium obtusum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3353.
Fusisporium obtusum, Cke., Grev., v. p. 58.
On Diatrype.
Fusarium epimyces. Cooke.
Sporodochium minute, whitish, gelatinous, often con-
fluent ; conidia fusiform, the pointed extreme tips abruj)tly
curved, hyaline, 50-60 X 4 /x, 3-septate.
On Scleroderma vulgare.
FUSAKIUM. 483
Fusarium mucophytum. Mass.
Mycelium pallid or colourless, thin, somewhat torulose,
forming a thin, somewhat gelatinous stratum; conidia very
large, curved, fusiform, 3-8-septate, nucleate, at first
colourless, then pale brown or salmon-colour.
Fusisporium mucoplujtum, AV. G. Smith, Gard. Chron., 1884,
2"). 2-15, with a fig.
On gills of living Agarics.
Fusarium roseolum. Sacc.
Sporodochium rose-red, delicate, flocculose ; hyphae short;
conidia curved, elongated, rather obtuse, 3-6-septate, slightly
torulose.
Fusarium roseolum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3363.
Fusisjiorium roseolum, Steph., Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., n.
549.
On rotten potato tubers.
Fusarium bacilligerum. Sacc.
Greyish-white ; mycelium obsolete ; conidia very long,
hyaline, 5-7-septate, obtuse or slightly clavate, rather
curved.
Fusarium hacilligerum, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3370.
Fusisporium hacilligerum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n.
548.
On leaves of Rliamnus.
Probably a species of Cercospora.
Fusarium heteronemum. B. & Br.
Hyphae septate at the base, joints broad, continuous up-
wards, branched, sometimes furcate, slender ; conidia oblong,
curved, uniseptate.
Fusarium heteronemum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1051,
t. 14, f. 9; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3374.
On decayed pears.
Fusarium. incarcerans. Sacc.
Pale rose-colour; conidia arcuate, slender, 60-65 /x long,
3-septate.
Fusarium incarcerans, Sacc, Syll., n. 3383.
Fusisporium incarcerans, Berk., Intell. Obs., 1863, p. 11,
f. 4. ^
In fruit of Ortliotricltum.
2 I 2
484 FUNGUS-FLORA.
Fusarium Kiihnii. Sacc.
Mycelium cobweb-like, white, eflfused, consisting of slender
branched hyphae, at length disappearing; sporodochium
irregularly oblong, horny, clay-colour, texture areolate,
hardly visible to the naked eye ; conidia slightly lunate,
1 -septate, hyaline, 12 x 4 /x.
Fusarium Kuhnii, Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3384.
Fusisporium Kuhnii, Fuckel, Symb. Myc, p. 371.
On lichens and mosses, especially w^hen growing on
poplars.
Fusarium betae. Mass. (iig. 27, p. 442.)
Somewhat tremelloid, orange-red, irregularly lobed and
more or less eifused; fusiform, slightly curved, S-S-sej^tate
at maturity, hyaline, 35-40 X 4 /x ; conidiophores short,
branched, slender, septate.
Fusisporium hetae, Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., 1830, vol. xix.
t. 18, fig. 2. •
FasicoUa hetae, Sacc, Sj'll., iv. n. 3142.
Pionnotes hetae, Sacc, Sylh, iv. n. 3470.
On decaying beetroot. Forming subgelatlnous, effused,
orange-red patches. The British fungus agrees exactly
with Desmaziere's specimens, and is a true Fusarium. Sac-
cardo quotes Desm. under both genera given above.
II. FUSAMEN. Conidia fusiform, falcate or cylindrical;
continuous (or sejpta not indicated).
Fusarium salicinum. Corda.
Stroma subcortical, forming pale patches; hymenium
orange, effused, gyrose ; sporophores filiform, fasciculate ;
conidia elongated, 12-15 /x, cylindrical, lunulate, con-
tinuous.
Fusarium salicinum, Corda, Ic. Fung., iii. p. 33, t. 6, f. 87 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3391.
Fusarium. rhabdophorum. B & Br.
Erumpent, brown, base orbicular ; conidia straight, rod-
shaped, 15 y(x long.
Fusarium rhahdophorum, B. & Br., Ann. Kat. Hist., n. 1612;
^acc, Syll., iv. n. 3395.
On dead branches.
PIONNOTES. 485
Fusarium cucumerinum. B. & Br.
Pale orange, subglobose, subeffused; conidia fusiform,
12-13 fjL long.
Fusarium cucumerinum^ B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1611 ;
Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 3410.
On rotten cucumber.
Fusarium equisetorum. Desm.
Erumpent, minute, convex, globose or oblong, rufous ;
gelatinous; conidia for a long time ovoid, then elongated,
slightly curved, hyaline, continuous, up to 38 /x long ;
conidiophores dichotomously or irregularly branched.
Fusarium equisetorum^ Desm., Exs.j n. 1546 ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. n. 3416.
On stems of Eqmsetum.
Fusarium aurantiacum. Sacc.
Sporodochium thin, effused, orange, margin woolly, white ;
conidia oblong-fusiform, straight, continuous.
Fusarium aurantiacum^ Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3428.
Fusisjporium aurantiacum, Link, Obs., i. p. 17.
On herbaceous stems.
Fusarium translucens. B. & Br.
Pt'llucid, substipitate, margin slightly ciliate, white, at
length tinged j^ellowish, umbilicate above ; conidia slender,
cylindrical, 7-8 /x long.
Fusarium translucens, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1610 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3436.
On fir branches.
Fusarium. minutulum. Corda.
Spot-like, very minute, white ; stroma convex, fibrous ;
conidia minute, oblong, rounded at both ends, 5 /x long.
Fusarium minutulum, Corda, Icon. Fung., ii. p. 4, f. 18;
Sacc, Sjll., iv. n. 3441.
On chips, &c.
PIONNOTES. Fr.
Sporodochium gelatinous, rigid when dry, orange-coloured,
forming a thick, often lobed mass ; conidia rather large, fu-
486 FUXGUS-FLOEA.
soicl or cylindrical, curved, pellucid, obsoletely septate, (rarely
elliptical and one-celled). Hypliae fasciculate, simple or
branclied.
Pionnotrs, Fries, Sumro. Yeg., p. 481 ; Sacc, SylL, iv.
p. 725.
Perhaps too closely allied to tlie genus Fiisanum, and dis-
tinguished principally by the broadly effused, gelatinous
sj^orodochium that becomes rigid when dry.
Pionnotes uda. Sacc.
Broadly effused, tremelloid, dingy orange ; hyphae decum-
bent, sparingly branched, septate; conidia elongated, curved,
3-5 septate, acute at both ends, orange, 40-50 x 5-6 fx.
Pionotes uda, Sacc, SylL, iv. n. 3468.
Fusisporium udum, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 245, t. xiv
f. 28.
On trunks.
Pionnotes Biasolettiana. Corda.
Irregular or effused, fleshy-tremelloid, thick, reddish-
orange; stroma floccose ; hyphae septate, simple or sparingly
branched, fasciculate; conidial stratum rather thick, gelati-
nous, orange-red, viscid ; conidia fusiform, acute at both
ends, slightly curved, becoming 2-5-septate, 50-60 X 4-6 fx.
Pionotes Biasolettiana, Sacc, SylL, n. 3464.
Fusarium Biasolettianum, Corda.
On rose branches.
MICROCERA. Desm.
Sporodochium conical or pulvinate, slender ; conidia nar-
rowly falciform, many-septate, borne at the tips of filiform
conidiophores.
Microcera, Desm., Ann. Sci. Xat., 1848, p. 359 ; Sacc, SylL,
iv. p. 727.
Closely allied to Fusarium, but distinguished by the small,
horn-like sporodochium.
Microcera coccophila. Desm.
Minute, somewhat caespitose, conical or horn-shaped,
simple, rosy, base with a whitish membranaceous sheath;
MICROCERA— EPICOCCUM. 487
conidia elongated, acute at both ends, curved, 3-5-septate,
hyaline, 70-100 X 4—5 /x; conidiophores long, 2'b fx thick.
Microcera coccojjJiila^ Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., 1848, p. 359 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3473.
On various kinds of Coccus attached to branches of trees.
The conidial condition of Spliaerostilhe,
Series II. Tubercularieae dematieae. Sacc.
Sect. 1. Amerosporae. Sacc.
EPICOCCUM. Link. (figs. 10, 11, p. 442.)
Sporodochium more or less globose or convex, cellular;
conidia subglobose, surface minutely warted and sometimes
divided into areolae (many-celled), conidiophores very short.
Epicoccum, Link, Obs., ii. p. 32 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. p. 736.
The sporodochia are gregarious, and often heated on a red
or purple patch of colour.
Epicoccum vulgare. Corda.
Spots variable in colour, greyish, greenish, or with a blue
tinge ; stroma convex, oblong, blood-red, then blackish ;
conidia crowded, globose, reticulated, brown, the middle por-
tions of the areolae furnished with black worts, 21-25 fx dia-
meter, conidiophores very short, white, attenuated down-
wards.
Epicoccum vulgare, Corda, Icon. Fung., i. p. 5, fig. 90 (in
part) ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3482.
On rotting herbaceous stems, leaves, &c.
Epicoccum granulatum. Penz.
Sporodochia gregarious, confluent, pulverulent, jet black ;
stroma hemispherical ; hyphae yellow then brown or fuscous,
articulated ; conidia blackish-olive, sphaeroidal, not pedi-
cellate, many-celled, minutely granular or warted, 20-28 /x
diameter.
Epicoccum granulatum, Penzig, Fung. Agrum. in Michelia,
ii. p. 487 ; Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3484.
On rotting wood, fading leaves of orange, and on Sorghum
cernuum.
488 FUXG US-FLORA.
Epicoccum neglectum. Desm.
Spots none or obsolete, sporodochia epiphyllous, spot-like,
scattered, jet-black; stroma liemispherical, brown or black-
ish, formed of very short, septate hyphae ; conidia globose,
blackish-brown, reticulated, 12-16 jx diameter, furnished with
a very short, hyaline, obconic, truncate pedicel.
Epicoccum neglectum, Desm., Ann. Sci. Xat., xvii. p. 95 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3483.
On fading leaves of grasses, sedge.-^, orange, &c.
Epicoccum diversisporum. Preuss.
Minute, gregarious, seated ou rosy spots ; stroma globose,
blackish-purple, purple inside, irregularly cellular, vericu-
lose ; conidia crowded, of various size, angularly globose,
not reticulated, warted, fuscous, warts darker, pedictl
white.
Epicoccum diversisporum, Pieuss, in Linn., xxv. p. 740 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 3502.
On leaves of Phragmites, Carex, &c.
Epicoccum. herbarum. Corda.
Very minute, gregarious ; stroma globose, purple, pale
flesh-colour inside, cells six-angled ; conidia angularly
globose, reticulated, fuscous, 20-23 /x diameter, areolae
darker; pedicel conical, short, immersed in the stroma,
tinged fuscous, diaphanous.
Epicoccum ]ie7'harum, Corda,, Icon. Fung., i. p. 5, f. 58; Sacc,
Svll., iv. n. 3489.
On herbaceous stems, leaves, &c.
Epicoccum. micropus. Corda.
Sporodochia gregarious, eifused, black; stroma subglobose,
then depressed, reddish-brown; basidia projecting, clavate,
transversely septate, fuscous; conidia angularly globose,
base depressed, sessile or very shortly pedicellate, glabrous,
fuscous, 22-23 /x diameter.
Epicoccum, micropus, Corda, Icon. Fung., iii. p. 32, f. 82;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3492.
On roiten leaves and stems, also on Lactarius.
Epicoccum. equiseti. Berk.
Sporodochia arranged in lines in the grooves of the stem ;
conidia minute, smooth, black with a blood-red tinge.
EPIDOCHIU.AF. 489
Epicoccum equiseti, Berk., in Cooke's Hdbk., n. 1679; Sacc,
Syll., iv. n. 3504.
On decaying stems of Eqiiisetum limosum,
Epicoccum purpurascens. Ehrenb. (figs. 10, 11,
p. 442.)
Sporodochia blackish-brown, globular, 120-150 /x diameter,
crowded into oblong clusters 2-3 mm. long, seated on an
elongated purple spot; conidia large, subglobose, yellowish
then brown, reticulated, distinctly areolated and warted,
pedicel hyaline, attenuated at the base, 16-22 fx diameter.
Epicoccum purpurascens, Ehr., Sylv., p. 12 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 3481.
On leaves or dead herbaceous stems.
EPIDOCHIUM. Fries, (fig. 2, p. 442.)
Sporodochium erumpent, almost superficial, waxy or
gelatinous then fleshy, subglobose or wart-like, blackish,
rarely pallid, conidiophores filiform and equal or passing
into globoso-clavate pseudo-conidia ; conidia ovoid, oblong or
piriform, solitary or catenulate.
Epidochium, Fries, Summa Veg. Scand., p. 471 ; Sacc,
Syll., iv. p. 747.
The subgenus Eu-EpidocMum is more closely allied to
Dacryomyceteae than to the Tuherculariae. (Sacc.)
Epidochium atrovirens. Fr. (fig. 2, p. 442.)
Erumpent, discoid, very minute, papillately rugulose,
sooty-green when moist, black when dry, gregarious or con-
fluent, about 1 mm. diameter ; sporophores filiform, passing
at the apex into tawny, elliptico-clavate pseudo-conidia,
35 X 15 /u,; conidia unknown.
EpidocMum atrovirens, Fries, Sum. Yeg. Sc, p. 471 ; Sacc,
Syll., n. 3538.
On dead branches of TJlex, Sarothamnus, Fraxinus, &c.
490 FUXGUS-FLOEA.
MYEOTHECIUM. Tode. (fig. 3, p. 442.)
Sporodocliiiim sbield-like or discoid, black, margiu white
ciliated, cilia slender, hyaline ; conidia minute, elliptical or
cylindrical ; conidiophores slender, cjdindrical.
Myrothecium, Tode, Meckl., i. p. 25, in part ; Sacc, Syll.,
iv. p. 750.
Forming small, flattened black patches bounded by a
white ciliate margin.
Myrothecium roridum. Tode.
Sporodochia flattened, discoid, at length confluent and
irregular, black with a white margin, 2—6 mm. diameter;
conidiophores simple or branched ; conidia cylindrical, ends
obtuse, 8-12 X 2 /x, pale olive.
3Iyroiliec'mm roridum^ Tode, Meckl., i. p. 25, t, v. f. 38 ;
Sacc, Syll., iv. n. 3550.
On various decaying vegetable substances.
Myrothecium inundatum. Tode. (fig. 3, p. 442.)
Sporodochium disc-like, variable in form, disc plane,
blackish-olive, with a white margin ; conidia broadly^ ellip-
tical, 3-4 X 1 • 5-2 /x, olive ; conidiophores filiform, fasciculate,
hyaline, 40 x 1 /x.
Myrotliecium inundatum, Tode, Meckl., p. 25 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
n. 3552.
On decaying species of Agarims, Cortinarms, and other
fun si.
'O'
Sect. 2. Fliragmosporae. Sacc
EXOSPOPtlUM. Link. (fig. 1, p. 442.)
Sphorodochium convex, compact; conidiophores simple,
densely fasciculate, blackish, bearing at their tips the oblong
or terete pluriseptate conidia.
Exosjporium, Link, Berlin Mag., iii. p. 9 ; Sacc, Syll., iv.
p. 755.
Distinguished by the coloured pluriseptate conidia. The
genus resembles species of Helmmtliosporium springing from
a stroma.
M YKOTHECIUM — EXOSPORIUM. 49 1
Exosporium tiliae. Link. (fig. 1, p. 442).
Sporodochia suberumpent, convex, black, ^-1 mra. across,
becoming shining, compact ; conidiophores thick, short,
obclavate, 1-septate, brown, 60-70 x 16-18 /x; conidia
smoky-olive, epispore very thick, contents divided into 9-11
cuboid portions, spuriously 8-10 septate.
Exosporium tiliae, Link, Obs., i. p. 8, t. 1, f. 8 ; Sacc, Syll.
iv. n. 3569.
Helmintliosporium tiliae, Cke., Hdbk., p. 572.
On lime branches.
492 FUNGUS-FLOKA,
ADDENDA.
The following species, some of which have been omitted,
others have heen first observed in this countiy during the
progress of the work, should be notified at the place indi-
cated in the body of the book.
Corticium nudum. Fr.
Effused, closely agglutinated, waxy, rather rigid, margin
determinate, glabrous; hymenium with a flesh-coloured
tinge, pale and cracked when dry, even, very minutely
powdery at maturity from the spores, which are elliptic-
oblong, slightly curved, 12-14 x 4—5 /x.
Corticium nudum, Fries, Epicr., p. 564; Berk., Outl.,
p. 276.
On bark and wood.
(Should follow C. confluens, vol. i. p. 122.)
Corticium. leve. Pers.
Effused, often for several inches; often separating from
the matrix, downy below, margin byt-soid but not fibrillosely
radiating; hymenium even, glabrous, livid with more or less
of a fleshy tinge, buff when dry ; spores elliptical, 6 X 3 • 5 fx.
Corticium leve, Pers., Disp., p. 30 ; Berk., Outl., p. 273.
On rotten wood.
(Follows C. Icicteum, vol. i. p. 122.)
Clavaria crassa. Britzl.
Scattered or solitary, violet or lilac-grey ; stem slender,
expanding upwards and dividing into several obtuse some-
what compressed branches ; spores white, subglobose,
8-10 X 8 /x.
Clavaria crassa, Britzl., Hymen. Sudb. Clav., p. 286,
fig-
On the ground in woods. Somewhat resembling a much-
ADDENDA. 493
branched specimen of Clavaria rugosa iu size and form,
acctjrding to Britzelmeyer's fig. ; according to the author, the
present species resembles Clavaria Kromhholzii.
(To follow C. KrornhholzUj vol. i. p. 78.)
Clavaria flava. Schaeff.
Fragile ; trunk up to 1 in. long, and as much thick, white,
becoming broken up into numerous terete, even-topped,
crowded, obtuse, bright lemon-yellow branches ; spores
ellijDtical, white with a tinge of yellow, 9-10 X 4-5 /x.
Clavaria fiava, Schaeffer, t. 175.
Somewhat resembling a pollard willow in miniature,
hence the German name " pollard fungus." Allied to
C. aurea, but distinct in its fragility, clear lemon-yellow
branches and white spores.
(Should stand first in the genus Clavaria^ vol. i. p. 75.)
Hydnum plumosum. Duby.
Entirely resupinate, snow-white, tomentose, subiculum
very delicate; spines usually crowded, 2 mm. or more long,
slender, minutely feathered near the apex ; spores globose,
4-5 /x diameter.
Hydnum jplumosum, Duby. Bot. Gall., ii. j)- 778 ; Berk.,
Outl., p. 261.
On dead wood, bark, &c.
Distinguished from allies by the feathered spines.
(Should follow H. Stevensoniy vol. i. p. 164.)
Hydnum (Mesopus) moUe. Fries, Yet. Akad.
Forh., 1851, p. 53; Fries, Icon., t. 2, f. 1.
Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thick, white, soft ; convex then
iimbilicate or irregularly depressed, often wavy, covered
with a dense coat of velvety down, white; stem 1-1 J in.
long, up to f in. thick, about equal, glabrous, Avhite, solid ;
spines crowded, uniform, acuminate, about ^- in. long, white,
unchangeable, slightly decurrent on the stem ; spores globose
with a basal apiculus, smooth, 7 /x diameter.
On the ground, Netherton, Meigle, N.B. (Mrs. Farqu-
harson).
Somewhat resembling H. repandum in habit, but quite
distinct in the pure white, densely velvety pileus ; white,
equal subulate spines that do not become at all discoloured.
494 FUNGUS-FLORA.
and the larger spores. The pileus is not in the least scaly.
Flesh becoming slightly tinged yellow when broken. Smell
none, taste pleasant.
Polystictus zonatus. Fries.
Pilens horizontal, more or less imbricated, rigid, flesh
rather thick, tubercnlose and gibbous behind, convex, velvety
or sometimes almost strigose, somewhat zoned and banded
with various colours, opaque, margin whitish ; pores short,
angularly rounded, obtuse, whitish, small; spores elliptical,
7-9 X 3-4 fx.
Polystictus zonatus. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 368.
On trunks.
Pileus li-3 in. across; pores about -}^ mm. across. Some-
what resembling P. versicolor in the colour and zoning of the
pileus, but differs in being'opaque and without a silky sheen,
and in being altogether thicker, and tuberculose or gibbous,
and not depressed behind.
(To follow P. velutinus, vol. i. p. 214).
Entoloma porphyrophaeum. Fr.
Pileus 2i-3| in. across, flesh rather thin, cracking : cam-
panulate, soon expanded, umbonate, sooty-brown, not hygro-
phanous, but becoming paler and mouse-colour when dry,
very opaque in every condition, even and almost glabrous ;
stem almost 3 in. long, 4-5 lines thick at the incrassated
base, solid, entirely fibrous and readily breaking up into
fibres, equally attenuated upwards, soft, naked, but un-
polished, opaque sooty purple, base with white down ; gills
truncate behind, almost free, rather distant, 2-3 lines broad,
ventricose, distinct, greyish- white at first, then reddish-grey
from the rosy spores ; spores irregularly nodulose, salmon
colour, 8-9 X 6 //.
Agaricus (^Entoloma) iwrjpliyroj^liaeus, Fries, Monogr., i.
p. 473 ; Fries, Icones, pi. 93, fig. 1.
Among grass.
Large, soft and rather rigid, but at the same time brittle.
Margin of pileus wavy and often incised andlobed. (Fries.)
The present species has been confounded in this country
with Ag, {Ent.) juhatus, Fr., as shown b}^ Dr. Cooke in the
followiog note.
ADDENDA. 495
I have just discovered that by accepting without question
the figure in Woolhope Transactions, 1868, pi. 21, as Agaricus
(Entolomd) juhatus, Fr., I have fallen into error with the
plate 317 of my illustrations. We have Ag. Juhatus in this
country but it is 7iot the same as my figure, which un-
doubtedly, as I think, represents Agaricus (Entoloma) i^rphy-
rophaeus, Fr., on account of the solid stem, purplish in colour,
attenuated upwards, pileus neither villose nor squamose,
and gills truncate behind, not to mention their colour.
It must be added that the dimensions of the spores given
by Saccardo, evidently are on the authorit}' of Britzelmeyer,
whose figure cannot be the species of Fries, and hence there
is no authority for spore measurements in Ag. porjyJiyrophaeus.
Moreover the delusion was increased by the description given
in the Woolhope Transactions, which is not the description
given by Fries, and does not represent his Ag. juhatus. I
believe that it is less derogatory in me to confess this error
than to have made it. (M. C. Cooke.)
IXDEX TO GENERA.
Acremonilla. Sacc. 379.
Acremonium. Link, 305.
Acrostalagmus. Corda, 330.
Acrospeira. B. & Br. 375.
Acrotheca. Fuckel, 372.
Acrothecium. Preuss, 420.
Aegerita. Pers. 469.
Alternaria. Xees, 436.
Amanita. Fries, 258.
Amanitopsis. Pioze, 256.
Amblyosporium. Fres. 298.
Armillaria. Fries, 224.
Arthrinium. Kunze, 373.
Arthrobotrys. Corda, 338.
Arthrobotryum. Cesati, 460.
Aspergillus. ]Micheli, 295.
Asterophora. Ditm. 325.
Atractium. Link, 451.
Bactridium. Kunze, 477.
Bispora. Corda, 389.
Bolacotricha. B. & Br. 383.
Bostricbonenia, Cesati, 340.
Botrytis. Mich. 312.
Botryosporium. Corda, 291.
Brachysporium. Sacc. 412.
Briarea. Corda, 303.
Camptoum. Link, 372.
Catenularia. Grove, 380.
Cspbalothecirim. Corda, 338.
Cephalotriclinin. Berk. 371.
Cephalosporium. Corda, 292.
Ceratium. Alb. & Scliw. 451.
Ceratosporium. Schw. 437.
Cercospora. Fres. 415.
Chastopsis. Grev. 385.
Chalara. Corda, 388.
Chromosporinm. Corda, 275.
Cladosporium. Link, 392.
( Cladotrichum. Corda, 398.
Clasterosporium. Scliw. 399.
Clonostacbys. Corda, 331.
CoUybia. Fries, 118.
Coniosporium. Link, 356.
Coniothecium. Corda, 427.
Cylindrium. Bon. 284.
Cylindrocolla. Bon. 472.
Dactylaria. Sacc. 344.
Dactylella. Grove, 342.
Dactylium. Nees, 341.
Dactylosporium. Harz, 436.
Bematium. Pers. 382.
DendrodocMum. Bon. 466.
Dendryphium. Wallr. 423.
Dictyosporium. Corda, 428,
Didymaria. Corda, 340.
Dicoccum. Corda, 389.
Diplocladium. Bon. 334.
Diplococcium. Grove, 399.
Diplosporium. Bonord. 336.
Echinobotrynm. Corda, 365.
Endodesmia. B. & Br. 476.
Epicoccum. Link, 487
EpidocMum. Fries, 489.
Exosporium. Link, 490.
Fumago. Pers. 437.
Fusariella. Sacc. 403.
Fusarium. Link, 478,
Fusicladium. Bon. 390.
Fusidium. Link, 281.
Geotrichum. Link, 285.
Gliocladium. Corda, 293.
Gonatobotrys. Corda, 332.
Goniosporium. Link, 374.
Gonytrichum. Xees, 387.
INDEX.
497
Graphiothecium. Fackel, 459.
GrapMum. CorJa, 454.
Gyroceras. Corda, 365.
Hadrotrichum. Fckl. 378.
Haplaria. Link, 304.
Haplographium. B. & Br. 380.
Harpographium. Sacc. 458.
Helicomyces. Link, 35 L
Helicosporium Nees, 439.
Heln^inthosporium. Link, 404.
Heterosporium. Klotzscli. 417.
Hiatula. Fries, 23L
Hormiscium. Kunze, 363.
Hymenula. Fr. 470.
Hyphoderma. Fries, 304.
Illosporium. Mart. 468.
Isaria. Pers. 446.
Lactarius. Fries, 1.
Lepiota. Fries, 232.
Macrosporium. Fries, 431.
Marasmius. Fries, 152.
Menispora. Pers. 385.
Microcera. Desm. 486.
Microstroma. Niessl. 276.
Milowia. Mass. 348.
Monilia. Pers. 283.
Monosporium. Bon. 311.
Monotospora. Corda, 377.
Mucrosporium. Preuss. 342.
Mycena. Fries, 76.
Mycogone. Link. 339.
Myrothecium. Tode, 490.
Mystrosporium. Corda, 434.
Myxotrichum. Kunze, 383.
Napicladium. Tlium. 419.
Nematogonium. Desm. 333.
Oedemium. Link, 376.
Oedocephalum. Preus?, 289.
Oidium. Link, 286.
Oospora. Wallr. 277.
Ovularia. Sacc. 320.
Papulospora. Preuss, 293.
Paraspora. Grove, 347.
Passalora. Fries &; Mont. 390.
VOL. III.
Penicillium. Link, 299.
Periconia. Bon. 369.
Periola. Fries, 472.
Pionnotes. Fr. 485.
Polyscytalum. Kiess, 285.
Polythrincium. Kze. & Schm. 392.
Prismaria. Preuss, 350.
Ramularia. linger, 344.
Rhinotrichum. Corda, 305.
Rhopalomyces. Corda, 290.
Russula. Fries, 37.
Scolecotrichum. Kze. & Schm. 391.
Sepedonium. Link, 325.
Septocylindrium. Bon. 348.
Septonema. Corda, 404.
Septosporium. Corda, 435.
Speira. Corda, 428.
Sphacelia. Lev. 470.
Spicaria. Harz, 332.
Spondylocladium. Mart. 420.
Sporocybe. Fries, 452.
Sporodesmium. Link, 424.
Sporodum. Corda, 382.
SporoscMsma. B. & Br. 422.
Sporotrichum. Link, 309.
Stachybotrys. Corda, 367.
Stachylidium. Link, 387.
Stemphylium. Wallr. 429.
Sterigmatocystis. Cram. 298..
Stigmina. Sacc. 402.
Stilbum. Tode, 443.
Stysanus. Corda, 458.
Tetraploa. B. & Br. 429.
Torula. Pers. 357.
Trichoderma. Pers. 294.
Tricholoma. Fries, 171.
Trichosporium. Fr. 366.
Tricbothecium. Link, 336.
Triposporium. Corda, 438.
Tubercularia. Tode, 462.
Tuberculina. Sacc. 467.
Verticicladium. Preuss, 386 ►
Verticillium. Nees, 326.
Virgaria. Nees, 374.
Volutella. Tode, 473.
Zygodesmus. Corda, .375.
2 K
INDEX TO SPECIES.
ahhreviata (Torula), 360.
Var. sphaeriformis, 360.
ahnorme (Penicillium), 302.
ahortifaciens (Oospora), 281.
abortifaciens (Oidium), 281.
ahruptum (Clasterosporium), 401.
abruptum (sporidesmium), 402.
acerhum (Tricholoma), 182.
aceris (Oidium), 287.
acervata (Collybia), 140.
acicula (Mycena), 90.
acicula (Pachnocybe), 444.
acicula (Stilbum), 444.
aclada (Botrytis), 319.
acremoniurn (Cephalosporium), 292.
acris (Lact. Piper.), 15.
actinophorus (Marasmius), 172.
acutesquamosa (Lepiota), 236.
acutum (Bactridium), 477.
adnata (Amantopsis), 258.
adonis (Mycena), 112.
adusta (Russula), 52.
Var. alho-nigra, 52.
aequivoca (Oospora), 278.
aequivocum (Oidium), 278.
aeruginea (Russula), 59.
aesculi (Tubercularia), 464.
aetites (Mycena), 102.
affine (Dendrochium), 466.
agaricicola (Asterophora), 326.
agaricinum (Yeiticillum), 328.
albellum (Triclioloma), 208.
albida (Isaria), 449.
alhohrunneum (Tricholoma), 184.
album (Diplosporium) 336.
Var. fungicolum, 336.
album (Microstroma), 276.
album (Tricholoma), 213.
alcalina (Mycena), 99.
algarum (Cladosporium), 390.
alliaceus (Marasmius), 167.
alliorum (Macrosporium), 433.
alliorum (Mystrosporium), 435.
alnicola (Ovularia), 322.
alnicola (Kamularia), 323.
cdpestre (Bostrichonema), 340.
alternata (Periconia), 370.
alternata (Sporocybe), 370.
alternans (Stachybotrys), 368.
alternatum (Acremoniurn), 305.
alternariae (Sporodesmium), 430.
alternariae (Stemphylium), 430.
altum (Brachysporium), 413.
altum (Helminthosporium), 413.
alutacea (Russ.), 39.
amadelphus (Marasmius), 165.
Var. insignis, 166.
ambusta (Collybia), 148.
amentacearum (Coniothecium),
427.
amethystimim (Tricholoma), 208.
amianthina (Lepiota), 249.
A^ar. Broadwoodiae, 249.
amicta (Mycena), 93.
ammoniaca (Mycena), 100.
ampelinum (Verticillium), 327.
anceps (Mycogone), 339.
androsaceus (Marasmius), 169.
angulaius (Marasmius), 164.
anomalum (Graphium), 457.
anomalum (Stilbum), 457.
antennata (Torula), 361.
antiquum (Sporodesmium), 425.
Var. compactum, 425.
apicale (Brachysporium), 413.
apicale (Helminthosporium), 413.
INDEX.
499
apiculalum (Helminthosporium),
409.
aquifolia (Tubercularia), 465.
aquosa (Collybia), 142.
Var. Bulliardii, 142.
arachnophila (Isaria), 447.
araucaria (Clonostachys), 331.
archyropus (Marasmius), 161.
arcuatum (Tricholoma), 212.
argillacea (Botrytis), 315.
aristata (Tetraploa). 429.
armoraciae (Ovularia), 321.
armoraciae (Ramularia), 321.
arundinaceum (Hadrotriclmm), 378.
arundinaceum (Napicladium), 419.
arundinaceum (Helrainthospo-
riuni), 419.
arundinis (Coniosporium), 356.
arundinis (Volutella), 475.
aspera (Amanita), 267.
asperospora (Monotospora), 378.
asperfolii (Ovularia), 323.
aspergillus (Vcrticillium), 329.
asperula (Stachybotrys), 369.
asperula (Torula), 363.
asperosporum (Stemphylium), 430.
aspideus (Lact. Piper.), 9.
asteris (Fusidium), 282.
atra (Periconia), 370.
atra (Sporocybe), 453.
atra (Stachybotrys), 368.
atrata (Collybia), 148.
atroalba (Mycena), 95.
atrocimerenm (Tricholoma), 199.
atrocyanea (Mycena), 97.
atrovirens (Bactridium), 478.
atrovirens (Epidochium), 489.
atrovirens (Fusariella), 403.
atrovirens (Fusarium), 403.
atrum (Arthrobotryum), 460.
atrum (Echinobotryum), 365.
atrum (Graphium), 453.
atrum (Oedemium\ 376.
atrum, (Septosijorium), 435.
atrum (Sporidesmium), 401.
aurantia (Armillaria), 226.
aurantia (Oospora), 280.
aurantium (Oidium), 280.
aurautiacum (Fusarium), 481.
aurantiacum (Fusarium), 485.
aurantiacum (Fusisporium), 485.
auTantiacum (Nematogonium), 333.
aurantiacum (Sporotrichum), 310.
aurantiacum (Stilbuni;, 445.
aurantiacua (Lact. Euss.), 22.
aurantio-marginata (Mycena), 116.
aurea (Monilia), 283.
aureum (Nematojijonium), 334.
aureum (Ithinotriehum), 308.
aureus (Aspergillus), 334.
azurea (Russula), 56.
hacilligera (Passalora), 390.
hacilligerum (Fusarium), 483.
bacilligerum (Fusisporium), 483.
Badhami (Lepiota), 237.
halanina (Mycena), 117.
halsamii (Oidium), 288.
hasicola (Torula), 360.
Berkeley i (Hymenula), 471.
BerJceleyi (Mycena), 104.
berheridis (Ovularia), 324.
hetae (Fusarium), 484.
betae (Fusicolla), 484.
betae (Pionnotes), 484.
hetuUnum (Coniothecium), 427.
Biasolettiana (Pionnotes), 486
Biasolettianum (Fusarium), 486.
bibulosa (Collybia), 125.
bicolor (Graphium), 457.
bicolor (Haplographium), 381.
bicolor (Penicillium), 302.
biornata (Lepiota), 239.
biseptatum (Brachysporium), 414.
blennius (Lact. Piper.), 10.
Bloxami (Brachysporium), 413.
Bloxami (Helminthosporium), 413.
Bloxami (Cercospora), 415.
Bloxami (Rhinotrichum), 307.
Bonordenii (Septocylindrium), 349.
boreale (Tricholoma), 209.
botrytis (Amblyosporium), 299.
botrytis (Mucor), 318.
bracliiata (Isaria), 448.
brachormium (Cladosporium), 394.
brassicae (Alternaria), 436.
brassicae (Fusarium), 480.
brassicae (Macrosporium), 432.
brassicae (Tubercularia), 465.
brassicaecoht (Sporocybe), 453.
brassicaecola (Periconia), 453.
brecipes (Dactylosporium), 436.
2 K 2
500
INDEX.
hrevipes (Tricholoma), 220.
hrei'ior (Botrytis), 315.
brevius (Coccotrielium), 315.
Broomei (Marasmius), 174.
BucknaUi (Lepiota), 252.
hvfonium (Tricholoma), 203.
hnlhigera (Arinillaria), 225.
hidbigennm (Fusariiim), -482.
hidbotriclium (Septnspoiium), 435.
hutyracea (Collybia), 125.
buxi (Chaetostroma), 475.
huxi (Verticillium), 330.
luxi (Volutella), 475.
hyssoides (Periconia), 309.
hyssoides (Sporocybc), 452.
caelatum (Tricholoma), 207.
caeruleum (Fusarium), 481.
caespitosa (Monilia), 284.
caesiHin (Gonytrichum), 387.
calcea (Raraulaiia), 346.
caldarii (Collybia), 151.
calopus (Marasmius), 163.
calthae (Cercospora), 415.
calycioides (Sporocybe), 453.
calycioides (Periconia), 453.
camphoratus (Lact. Russ.), 34.
Var. terrei, 35.
cana (Botrytis), 317.
caua (Polyactis), 317.
cancellatum (Myxotrichum), 384.
candelabrum (Verticillium), 326.
Candida (Aegerita), 469.
candidula (Oospora), 278.
candidum (Cephalothecium), 338.
candidum (Geotrichum), 286.
candidum (Petiiciilium), 300.
Var. coremoides, 300.
candidum (Trichothecium), 337.
candidus (Agaricus), 167.
candidus (Aspergillus), 296.
candidus (INIarasmius), 106.
candidus (llhopalomyces), 290.
capillaris (Myctna), 79.
capitata (Botrytis), 318.
capitulatum (Heliuinthosporium),
405.
capjsicum (Lact. Piper.), 15.
carhonaceum (Conio.sporiimi), 357.
carbonaceum (Gymuosporium^,
357.
carcharis (Lepiota), 248.
caricicolum (Arthrinium), 373.
carneum (lUosporium), 468.
carneum (^Tricholouia), 206.
cartilagineum (Tricholoma), 197.
cauticinalis (IMarasmius), 167.
cerinum (Tricholoma), 205.
cepaestipes (Lepiota), 246.
cervina (Mycogone), 339.
cerrinum (Diploi-purium), 336.
chaetospira (Septocylindrium), 349.
chamaeleontina (Russula), 48.
chartarum (Haplographium), 381
chartarum (Myxotrichum), 384.
chartarum (Penicillium), 381.
chartarum (Sporodesmium), 427.
chartarum (Torula), 363.
cheiranthi (Macrosporium), 434.
chelidonia (Myceua), 88.
chlorinum (Sporotrichum), 311.
chrysanthemi (Oidium), 287.
chrysorrheus (Lact. Piper.), 15.
chrysospermum (Sepedonium), 325.
ciliata (Menispora), 386.
ciliata (Volutella), 473.
Var. stipitata, 473.
cilicioides (Lact. Pilfer.), 6.
cimicarius (Lact. Russ.), 35.
cinerea (Botrytis), 318.
Var. scleroiropjhila), 318.
cinerascens (Tricholoma), 217.
cinnabarina (Lepiota), 247.
Var. Terreyi, 247.
cinnaharinus (Acrostalagmus), 331.
circeUatus (Lact. Piper.), 12.
cirrhata (Collybia), 132.
circumtectum (Tricholoma), 212.
citri (Armillaria), 230.
citrina (Botrytis), 315.
citrina (Isaria), 449.
citrina (Russula), 54.
citrinella (Mycena), 84.
Var. Candida, Sb.
citrinellum (Stilbum), 446.
citrinum (Dendrodochium), 466.
citrinum (Stilbum), 445.
citrophylla (Lepiota), 244.
civile (Tiicholoma), 214.
cladosporii (Sporodesmium), 426.
cladosporioides (Macrosporium),
431.
INDEX.
501
claroflava (Russiila), 65-.
davaefonne (Clasterosporium), 402.
Yar. leptopns, 402.
(Invar iarura (5>eolecotriclium), 392.
clavata (Isuria), 450.
clavicularis (Mycena\ S6.
clavulata (Pachnocybe), 455.
clavus (CoUybia), 143.
clematidis (Stysanus), 459.
clue:ilis (CoUybia), 150.
clypeolaria (Lepiota), 240.
cnista (Tricholoma), 218.
coccineum (lUosporinm), 468.
coccophila (Miciocera), 486.
coccotricha (Botiytis), 314.
cochleariae (Ovularia), 322.
cochleariae (Raranlaria), 322.
codoniceps (Myceua), SO.
coffeicolor (Penicillium), 303.
cohaerens (Mycena), 104.
collariata (Mycena), 93.
collina (CoUybia), 134.
colossus (Tricholoma), 181.
columbetta (Tricholoma), 190.
commune (Macrosporium), 431.
comosum (Dendryphium), 423.
compactiiLScidum{W'ui\ci\\i\xm),o2~.
concentrica (Cercospora), 416.
concentricum (Septocylindrium),
349.
concentricum (Septonema), 350.
conct'nnum (Macrosporium), 432.
confluens (CoUybia), 130.
conjiuens (Tubercularia), 464.
conglutinatum(^povodesm.inni),A:21.
conigena (CoUybia), 132.
conopleoides (Sporodum), 382.
conorum (Tubercularia), 466.
consimilis (Mycena \ 101.
consohrina (Ru^sula), 71.
Var. sororia, 71.
„ intermedia, 72.
constellata (Hymenula), 471.
constricta (Armillaria), 228.
controversus (Lact. Piper.), 7.
convallariae (Macrosporium), 434.
Cookei (Cladotrichum), 398.
copropliilum (Mouosporium), 311.
coracina (CoUybia), 146.
corallinum (Illodporium), 468.
Cordae (Cyliudiium), 284.
Cordae (Fusarium), 481.
corolligena (Botrytis), 314.
corticola (Myeena), 81.
crassa (Clavaria), 492.
crassifoUum (Tricholoma), 200.
cremor (Lact. Rugs.), 23.
Yar. pauper, 24.
cristata (Lepiota), 242.
crocata (Mycena), 88.
croci (Botrytis), 316.
cruenta (Mycena), 89.
Crustacea (Oospora), 280.
cryptostegiae (Ramularia), 346.
cucumerinum (Fusarium), 485.
cuneifera (Sporocybe), 453,
cuneiferum (Stilbum), 453.
cuneifolium (Tricholoma), 199.
Yar. cinereo-riinosus, 199.
Curreyi (Arthrodema), 469.
Curreyi (lilosporium), 469.
Curreyi (Marasmius), 170.
curtum (Cephalotrichum), 371.
curium (Dendryphium), 424.
curvatum (Camptoum), 372.
cutefracta (Russula), 60.
cyanoxantha (Ru;sula), 63.
cyathula (Lact. Russ.), 24.
cyclosporum (Stachylidium), 387.
cylindrica (Torula), 360.
cylindricum (Helminthosporium) ,
405.
delicatulum (Helminthosporium),
433.
delicatulum (Macrosporium), 433.
dehilis (Mycena), 93.
decipiens (Rhinotrichum), 307.
decolorans (Rhinotrichum), 306.
decolorans (Russ.), 46.
deflexum (Myxotrichum), 384.
delica (Russula), 53.
delicata (Lepiota), 254.
delicatulum (Acrothecium), 420.
delicatulum (Haplographium), 380
delicatulum (Helminthosporium),
407.
deliciosus (Lact. Piper.), 19.
dendriticum (Fusicladium), 391.
dendroides (Dactylium), 341.
dendroideum (Helminthosporium),
409.
502
INDEX.
denigrata (Armillaria^, 230.
densifolia (Russula), 54.
densiim (Helmintliosporium), 410.
depallens (Russula), (J2.
depraedens (Botrytis), 319.
depressum (Cladosporiura), 391.
depressum (Fusicladium), 391.
Desmazitri (Grapliium). 455.
destrudiva (Ovularia), 320.
destructiva (Ramulaiia), 321.
deutziae (Fusidium), 282.
dianthi (Heterosporium), 417.
dichroa (Stacliybotrys), 368.
diffiisum (Fusariuin), 480.
diffusum (Botryosporium), 291.
digitahim (Ceratosporium), 438.
digitatum (Sporidesmium), 438.
discoidea (Volutella), 475.
discoidea (FsQonia), 475.
diseopoda (Mycena), 82.
dissiliens (Mycena), 96.
distans (Verticil Hum), 337.
distorta (Collybia), 124.
diversisporinn (Epicoccum), 488.
domesticum (Tricliothecium), 338.
Dorotheae (Collybia), 151.
drimeia (Euesula), 67.
dryophila (Collybia), 140.
dubia (Sterigmatocysti^j) 298.
dubuis (Aspergillus), 298.
duracinum (Tricholoma), 215.
echinulatum (Helmintliosporium),
417.
ecliinulatum (Heterosporium), 417.
efusnm (Coniotbecium), 427.
elegans (Briarea). 303.
elegans (Dictyosporium), 428.
elegans (Mycena), 117.
elegans (Ebopalomyces), 291.
elegans (Rus?.), 43.
elegans (Spicaria), 332.
Var. muscorum, 332.
elegans (Triposporium), 438.
elephantina (Russula), 64.
ellipsospora (Dactylella), 343.
ellipsospora (Menispora), 343.
elUptica (Ovularia), 324.
elliptica (Monotospora), 414.
ellipticum (Brachysporium), 414.
elongatispora (Septonema), 349.
elongatisporum (Septocylindrium),
349.
emetica (Russula), 73.
Var. Clusii, 73.
emplastra (Lepiota), 238.
epihryum (CladosiDorium), 396.
epichloe (Marasmius), 172.
epjilobii (Oospora), 277.
epilobii (Torula), 277.
epimyces (Fusaiium), -182.
epimyces (Hcter. spoiium), 419.
epimyces (Verticilliiiin), 329.
epiphyllum (Cladosporiura), 393.
epipltyllus (Marasmius), 173.
epiterygia (Mycena), 86.
equestre (Tricholoma), 177.
equiseti (Epicoccum), 488.
equisetorum (Fusarium), 485.
erminea (Lepiota), 243.
erumpens (Oidium), 287.
erysiplioides (Oidium), 286.
erythrocepliahun (Stilbum), 444.
erythropus (MarasmiiTs), 161.
esculenta (Collybia), 138.
! eustygia (Collybia), 139.
euonymi (Tubercularia), 464.
exasperatuni (Helminthosporium),
406.
exasperatum (Helminthosporium),
418.
excelsa (Amanita), 263.
excisa (Mycena), 105.
excisus (Agaricus), 104.
excoriata (Lepiota), 235.
expallens (Russula), 67.
expallens (Tubercularia), 464.
expansa (Torula), 361.
expansum (Hormiscium), 362.
exscissum (Tricholoma), 221.
exscidpta (Collybia), 142.
exsuccus (Lactarius), 53.
extorre (Stachylidium), 388.
extuherans (Collybia), 142.
fallax (Tricholoma), 205.
farinosa (Isaria), 447.
farinosum (Oidium). 287.
fasciculare (Cladosporium), 395.
fascicidare (Clasterosporium), 401.
fascicidaris (Botrytis), 318.
fascicularis (Polyactis), 318.
INDEX.
503
fasclculata (Oospora), 277.
fasciculatum (Oidiiim), 277.
fasciculatum (Stilbum), 445.
favorum (Oidium), 279.
favor itm (Oospora), 279.
feUna (Isaria), 448.
fclina (Lepiota), 241.
fellea (Kussula), 65.
fenestrale (Byssocladium), 296.
ferruginea (Cercospora), 416.
festucae (Psilonia), 476.
festucae (Volutella), 476.
ficinusium (Triposporium), 438.
Jilisporum (Fusarium), 482.
filisporum (Fusisporium), 482.
Jilopes (Mycena), 95.
fimetarium (Stilbum), 445.
fingihilis (Russula), 55.
Hammeum (Attractium), 452.
flava (Clavaria), 492.
Jlava (Gonatobotrys), 333.
flavo-virens (Cylindrium), 285.
liavipes (Mycena), 112.
flavissimum (Sporotrichum), 309.
flavohrunneum (Tricholoma), 183.
Jlavoalba (Mycena), 111.
Jiavum (Bactridium), 477.
flavus (Aspergillus), 297.
flexuosum (Graphium), 455.
flexuosum (Stilbum), 455.
flexuosus (Lact, Piper.), 13.
Var. roseozonatus, 14.
floccipes (Collybia), 128.
Jloccosa (Isaria), 447.
focalis (Armillaria), 225.
Var. goliath, 225.
fodicus (Agaricus), 124.
foeni (Fusarium), 480.
foetens (Russula), 70.
Yar. suhfoetens, 70.
foetidiis (Agaricus), 165.
foetidus (Marasmius), 165.
folliculatum (Helminthosporium),
409.
fragilis (Russula), 75.
Var. nivea, 75.
„ violacea, 75.
„ fcdlax, 76.
Friesii (Isaria), 449.
Friesii (Lepiota), 237.
fructtgena (Monilia), 283.
frumentaceum (Tricholoma), 186.
fucatum (Tricholoma), 179.
fuciformis (Isaria), 450.
fuUginosus (Lact. Russ.) 27.
fulva (Oospara), 280.
fulvum (Oidium), 280.
fulvellum (Tricholoma), 183.
fulvum (Cladosporium), 393
fumosum (Dendryphium), 423.
fumosum (Spondylocladium), 420.
fungorum (Clasterosporium), 401.
fungorum (Polyscytalum), 285.
f areata (Prismaria), 351.
furcata (Russula), 57.
var. pictipes, 58.
„ ochroviridis, 58.
fusca (Acremoniella), 379.
fusca (Oospora), 280.
fuscum (Atysidiinn), 280.
fuscum (Acremonium), 379.
fuscum (Cladetrichum), 398.
fuscum (Trichosporium), 367.
fuscus (Zygodesmus), 376.
fuscopurpureus (Marasmius), 159.
fusipes (Collybia), 122.
fusiforme (Helminthosporium), 408.
fusisporum (Helminthosporium),
410.
galanthhia (Botrytis), 320.
galanthiua (Polyactis), 320.
galericulatus (Mycena), 107.
Var. calopus, 108.
galopoda (Mycena), 87.
gambosum (Trichotoma), 208.
geochroum (Sporotrichum), 310.
Georginae (Lejoiota), 256.
geranii (Ramularia), 345.
gUva (Volutella), 475.
glauca (Endodesmia), 476.
glaucocephala (Sporocybe), 456.
glaucocephala (Fericonia), 456.
glaucum (Coranium), 302.
glaucum (Penicillium), 299.
glaucocephalum (Graphium), 456.
glaucus (Aspergillus), 295.
glaucus (Aspergillus), 295.
gliodernia (Lepiota), 255.
glyciosmus (Lact. Russ.), 27.
Y'd,Y. flexuosus, 27.
gonahotryoides (Botrytis), 314.
504
INDEX.
gro/?f7ro