Vol. 20, Part 3 September 2007 ISSN 0952^7583 aH I 0J\JT IW 2 7 2007 *'*'4:®^ARES , BRITISH JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY BRITISH JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY Published by the British Entomological and Natural History Society and incorporating its Proceedings and Transactions Editor; J. S. Badmin, Coppice Place, Perry Wood, Selling, nr Faversham, Kent ME 13 9RB (Tel: 01227 752291) email: jbadmin(^btinternet.com Associate Editor: M. Wilson, Ph.D., F.R.E.S., F.L.S. Department of Biodiversity & Systematic Biology, National Museums & Galleries of Wales, Cardiff CFIO 3NP. (Tel: 02920 573263) email: Mike. Wilson(@nmgw. ac.uk Editorial Coniiuittee: D. J. L. Agassiz, M.A., Ph D., F.R.E.S. R. D. G. Barrington, B.Sc. P. J. Chandler, B.Sc., F.R.E.S. B. Goater, B.Sc., M.l.Biol. A. J. Halstead, M.Sc., F.R.E.S. R. D. Hawkins, M.A. P. J. Hodge T. G. Howarth, B.E.M., F.R.E.S. I. F. G. McLean, Ph.D., F.R.E.S M. J. Simmons, M.Sc. P. A. Sokoloff, M.Sc., C.Biol., M.EBiol., F.R.E.S. R. W. J. Uffen, M.Sc., F.R.E.S. B. K. West, B.Ed. British Journal of Entomology and Natural History is published by the British Entomological and Natural History Society, Dinton Pastures Country Park, Davis Street, Hurst, Reading, Berkshire RGIO OTH, UK. Tel: 01 189-321402. The Journal is distributed free to BENHS members. © 2007 British Entomological and Natural History Society. Typeset by Tavistock Digital Data, Tavistock, Devon. Printed in England by Henry Ling Ltd, Dorchester, Dorset. BRITISH ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY Registered charity number: 213149 The Society arranges a programme of talks on Saturdays at various locations in Great Britain and a joint evening lecture with the LNHS in London in September. In addition, workshop meetings are held at the Society’s headquarters and the well-known ANNUAL EXHIBITION this year is planned for Saturday 10 November 2007 at Imperial College, London SW7. Frequent Field Meetings are held at weekends in the summer. Visitors are welcome at all meetings. The current Programme Card can be obtained on application to the Secretary, J. Muggleton, at the address given below. The Society maintains a library and invertebrate collections at its headquarters in Dinton Pastures, which are open to members on various advertised days each month. The Society’s web site, http://www.benhs.org.uk, has the latest news. Applications for membership to the Membership Secretary: D. Young, 22 Wordsworth Close, Saxmundham, Suffolk IP17 IWF. Tel: 01728 603568. Subscriptions and changes of address to the Assistant Treasurer: R. D. Hawkins, 30D Meadowcroft Close, Horley, Surrey RH6 9EL. Non-arrival of the Journal, faulty copies or other problems arising from distribution of the Journal or notices to the Distribution Secretary: A. J. Halstead, 17 Highclere Gardens, Knaphill, Woking, Surrey GU21 2LP. Tel: 01483 489581 (evenings). Orders for books and back numbers of the Journal and Proceedings to the Sales Secretary: G. Boyd, 91 Fullingdale Road, Northampton NN3 2PZ. Tel: 01604 410056. General Enquiries to the Secretary: J. Muggleton, 17 Chantry Road, Wilton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP2 OLT. Tel: 01722 741487. email: jmuggleton(g>aoI.com Society Website: www.benhs.org.uk for recent information on the Society’s meetings programme and general society details. Cover photograph: The hemerobiid Drepanepteryx phalaenoides (L.), east Kent. Photo: John Badmin NOTE: The Editor invites submission of photographs for black and white reproduction on the front covers of the journal. The subject matter is open, with an emphasis on aesthetic value rather than scientific novelty. Submissions can be in the form of colour or black and white prints or colour transparencies. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 133 SICKLE-BEARING BUSH-CRICKET, PHANEROPTERA FALCATA (PODA) (ORTHOPTERA: TETTIGONIIDAE), BREEDING IN SOUTH-EAST ENGLAND G. A. Collins^ P. J. Hodge^, M. Edwards^ and A. Phillips'^ ^15 Hurst Way, South Croydon, Surrey CR2 7AP ^8 Harvard Road, Ringmer, Lewes, East Sussex BN8 5HJ ^Lea-side, Carr on Lane, Midhurst, West Sussex GU29 9 LB ^Flat 5, 21 West Hill Road, St Leonards On Sea, East Sussex TN38 ON A Abstract The discovery of a breeding colony of Phaneroptera falcata in south-east England is described. Characters for separating it from other British bush-crickets and from the other member of the genus Phaneroptera which has been recorded from Britain are given. Previous British records of the species are briefly discussed. Introduction Phaneroptera falcata (Poda) (Plate 1, Fig. 1) is a slender, long- winged, pale green bush-cricket. It occurs in much of Europe, but is absent from Scandinavia and some of the Mediterranean countries. It is also absent from the Channel Islands. Three other species of Phaneroptera occur in Europe. P. gracilis Burmeister is restricted to Romania (also occurring in parts of Asia), and P. sparsa Stal to Spain (also in Africa), whereas P. nana Fieber is widespread but with a more southern distribution than P. falcata. The Discovery During 2006 the four authors were conducting an invertebrate survey of the cliffs and land immediately behind them at Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve, East Sussex. On 1 1th August we visited one of our survey compartments which consisted of a scrubby field containing predominantly bracken. A few days prior to our visit a fire had started in an adjacent field and the local fire brigade had used the survey field for access and to park their vehicles. The resulting activity had flattened much of the bracken, leaving an ‘island’ of rosebay willowherb in the centre, and we were drawn to this. Almost immediately two of us had caught bush-crickets which were clearly out of the ordinary. Although superficially resembling Long-winged Cone-head, Conocephalus discolor (Thunberg), which was common all over the area, they were obviously larger and lacked the dark dorsal stripe of that species. We now all started looking more closely and found more and more. In addition to the fully-winged adults a number of smaller, short-winged individuals were found. They looked more like Speckled Bush-cricket, Leptophyes punctatissima (Bose), than Conocephalus but the wings were almost half as long as the abdomen and in the reversed position indicating that these were nymphs (Plate 1, Fig. 2). These too proved to be Phaneroptera. An estimate of numbers present suggested a colony of perhaps 20 individuals including a number of nymphs. The site at Hastings was visited again by one or more of the authors and other individuals on a number of occasions up to 10th September. Some Phaneroptera were 134 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 found on each occasion including one male and one female on the last date. Other areas of the Country Park were investigated but the insect could not be found there. Identification Phaneroptera belongs to the subfamily Phaneropterinae of the Tettigoniidae, and so amongst British species it is most closely related to Leptophyes. They are medium-sized, long-winged bush-crickets. The initial impression is of quite a large insect but this in an illusion since the body is actually rather small. The wings are very long, the forewings exceeding the body length and the hindwings projecting beyond them by about a third of their length. In addition, the legs are rather long and spindly. The female ovipositor is very short, broad and abruptly up- curved. The male cerci are long and strongly curved. The colour is a pale yellowish- green overlaid with numerous small pale brown spots. Dorsally, where the forewings meet, there may be a yellowish-brown stripe, but this is much less obvious than in the cone-heads and does not extend forwards onto the pronotum. The overall length, from head to wing-tips, is about 30-35 mm. Bush-crickets, unlike grasshoppers, have tympanal or auditory organs situated on their fore tibiae. In Phaneroptera this organ is oval, in other British bush-crickets, with the exception of Leptophyes and Meconema it is slit-like (Figs. 3a-b). The combination of the shape of this organ and long wings in which the hindwings project well beyond the forewings should enable a generic diagnosis. The two species of Phaneroptera that are widespread in Europe are very similar but can be separated by the structure of the male subgenital plate; in P. nana this tapers towards the apex, but in P. falcata it is widened apically with two divergent lobes (Figs. 3c-d). There are differences in the female ovipositor, but these are slight and require comparative material. In P. falcata the pronotum in side view is at least as long as high, whereas in nana the pronotum is shorter than high (Figs. 3e-0. History This is not the first time that P. falcata has been recorded from Britain. At the end of the nineteenth century two individuals were reported from Cornwall as follows: Porthgwarra, near Land’s End, September 1881 “at rest on the grass near a footpath” by Dr Mason, and Sennen Cove, 1 1 September 1884 by W. Daws (Lucas, 1920). The latter record was only revealed in 1907 when the captor sent the specimen, or at least the remains of it, to Lucas. Both these localities are in West Cornwall, only a few miles apart. There is also a record from Dorset. In August 1931, W. R. Frazer took a male bush-cricket at Seatown in Dorset (near Bridport) but did not keep the specimen. He later “had good reason” to believe that it was Phaneroptera falcata (Kevan, 1953). On 12 September 2006, about a month after our Hastings captures, a male specimen was taken at New Milton in South Hampshire flying across a garden after dark; its identity confirmed by Bryan Pinchen (Sutton, 2006). Phaneroptera nana has also occurred in Britain, but only in circumstances which suggest accidental importation. In August 2006, Max Barclay found a number of Phaneroptera nymphs at Fulham, Middlesex, which were reared to adulthood to confirm their identity as P. nana. These were suspected to have been imported with alien plants from Italy (Sutton, 2006). In 1905 it was found in some numbers in a vinery near Chester (recorded as P. quadripimctata - a synonym of nana) (Lucas, 1920). BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 135 Fig. 3. External morphology of Phaneroptera falcaia in comparison with related bush-crickets. Base of fore tibia showing tympanal organ of (a) P. falcata, (b) Conocephalus sp.; male siibgenital plate (ventral view), (c) P.falcata, (d) P. nana; head and pronotum (lateral view), (e) P. falcata, (f) P. nana. 136 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Life history The adults are fairly obvious and fly readily, but the song is short, quiet and produced mainly at dusk (Bellmann, 1988), so the use of a bat detector might help to locate males. It is also active at night, and Burr (1936) states “I have known it fly to light”. It is a warmth-loving species of scrub and grassy habitats and is phytophagous. The female lays her eggs singly between the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf, sloe being one species mentioned by Bellmann {loc. cit.). In order to assist with this tricky operation, the ovipositor is guided by being held in the mandibles. The eggs hatch the following year, unlike many British bush-crickets in which they remain as diapausing eggs for two or more years. The nymphs feed up during the summer, maturing in August and living on into the autumn. Discussion Although there are very old Cornish records, this occurrence in south-east England is the first modern record in Britain. Since nymphs, which cannot fly, as well as numbers of adults were present, it is evident that colonisation occurred at least a year prior to our discovery. It is always difficult to be absolutely certain of the origin and mode of establishment of such species in Britain. However, in Europe P. falcata has been expanding its range towards the north-west for a while now. Apart from a single occurrence in 1968 it has established itself in the Netherlands since 1984 with many new records in recent years (Kleukers et al., 1997; Kleukers, 2002). In France it is currently widespread in central and northern areas (Voisin, 2003), although at the time of the Cornish records it was absent from the north and from Belgium (Burr, 1897). This recent spread to areas of the Continent adjacent to the south-coast of England, combined with its well developed ability to fly, makes a good case for natural colonisation. The Cornish (Porthgwarra) record was, at the time, attributed to an insect alighting from a passing vessel (Burr, 1897). Since it did not occur on the near Continent at the time, some form of assisted arrival would indeed be the most likely explanation, although the proximity of the two records in place and time could indicate temporary residency. The Porthgwarra site was investigated by R. M. Payne in 1967, but Phaneroptera was not relocated (Payne, 1969). The Dorset record, which it must be admitted is at best ‘unconfirmed’, has been discounted by a number of authors (e.g. Ragge, 1965). Its apparent association with rosebay willowherb may have been a consequence of the destruction of much of the rest of the vegetation in the field, the rosebay willowherb being the only structured vegetation that remained. Elsewhere in Europe it has been associated with species of Ruhus and with sloe. It would seem highly likely that P. falcata might become established in southern England, and suitable areas, especially along the coast, should be searched in late summer. Acknowledgements The authors thank Chris Haes and Peter Sutton for information on the earlier British records and Roger Hawkins for confirming the identity of the species and with assistance in translating the continental literature. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 137 This survey was commissioned by Hastings Borough Council as part of the Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve Restoration Project to restore cliff-top heathland and grassland, improve biological information and improve public access to this nationally important soft rock cliff coastline. References Bellmann, H. 1988. A field guide to the Grasshoppers and Crickets of Britain and northern Europe. Collins, London. Burr, M. 1897. British Orthoptera (Earwigs, Grasshoppers and Crickets). The Economic and Educational Museum, Huddersfield. Burr, M. 1936. British Grasshoppers and their Allies. Philip Allan & Co., London. Harz, K. 1969. Die Orthopteren Europas. Volumen 1. Junk, The Hague. Kevan, D.K.McE. 1953. Notes on the distribution of British Orthopteroids. Journal of the Society for British Entomology 4: 119-122. Kleukers, R. 2002. Nieuwe Waarnemingen aan Sprinkhanan en Krekels in Nederland (Orthoptera). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen 17: 87-102. Kleukers, R., van Nieukerken, E., Ode, B., Willemse, L. «fe van Wingerden, W. 1997. De Sprinkhanen en Krekels van Nederland. Nederlandse Fauna 1. Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum Nederland. Lucas, W.J. 1920. A monograph of the British Orthoptera. Ray Society, London. Marshall, J.A. «fe Haes, E.C.M. 1988. Grasshoppers and allied insects of Great Britain Ireland. Harley Books, Colchester. Payne, R.M. 1969. A disappointing day at Porthgwarra. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 81: 91-92. Ragge, D.R. 1965. Grasshoppers, Crickets and Cockroaches of the British Isles. Frederick Warne, London. Sutton, P. 2006. Wildlife reports - grasshoppers and relatives. British Wildlife 18: 53-54. Voisin, J.-F. 2003. Atlas des Orthopteres (Insecta: Orthoptera) et des Mantides (Insecta: Mantodea) de France. Patrimoines Naturels 60: 1-104. SHORT COMMUNICATION A record of Tetrastichus legionarius Giraud (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Kent.- On 22.iii.2006 I collected some galls of Lipara lucens Meigen (Diptera: Chloropidae) in stems of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel from the extensive reed beds at Stodmarsh, Kent, (TR2261). The galls were kept in a well- ventilated and shaded garden shed and from one of the galls two male and 11 female Tetrastichus legionarius Giraud emerged on 3.vii,2006. This species is well known as a gregarious parasitoid of L. lucens in Europe but there is only one previous report of T. legionarius in Britain. Six males and 26 females were reared from a gall collected on 12.vi.l996 at Rushey Mead Nature Reserve, Essex (Plant, 1997, Entomologist’s Record & Journal of Variation, 109: 10). Elsewhere in its range T. legionarius is said to be uncommon or rare. A study in the Netherlands showed that from over 10,000 opened galls only two L. lucens puparia were found to be parasitised by T. legionarius (Chvala, Doskocil, Mook & Pokorny, 1974, Tijdschrift Voor Entomoolgie, 117: 23). The specimens of T. legionarius have been deposited in the collections of R.R. Askew, whom I thank for their identification. I also thank Natural England for permission to collect at Stodmarsh National Nature Reserve. - M.T. Jennings, 206 Lower Higham Road, Gravesend, Kent, DA 12 2NN 138 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 SHORT COMMUNICATION Pale Mottled Willow Paradrina clavipalpis (Scopoli) larva on Salix caprea. - On 17.vii.2005, while surveying Goat willow bushes Salix caprea L. for lepidopterous larvae in woodland north-east of Winchester, North Hampshire VC12 (SU5234), I found a leaf whose edges had been curled towards its lower surface and tightly secured with silk, and which on teasing apart revealed a small to medium-sized, grey- brown larva. I brought the leaf home where the larva pupated. The moth emerged on 13.ix.2005 and proved to be Paradrina clavipalpis (Scopoli) (Noctuidae). The tetrad record supplements those in Goater & Norriss (2001), on Butterfly Conservation’s Hants Moths website , and accessible via the National Biodiversity Network Gateway (2004) < http://www.searchnbn.net/ > . The species is nationally common and the absence of records locally almost certainly reflects a scarcity of recording effort: Paradrina clavipalpis records received by Goater & Norriss (2001) from lOkni square SU53 included only one, adjacent tetrad. The principal food of P. clavipalpis larvae is seeds, mainly of grasses including growing and harvested cereal grains, and of plantains Plantago spp. and Garden pea Pisum sativum L. (Waring & Townsend, 2003). However it is known to also feed on plantain foliage and to accept dandelion leaves Taraxacum spp. in captivity (Porter, 1997), and indeed probably feeds on a variety of vegetable matter (Skinner, 1998). Yet its use of S. caprea as a larval host-plant appears to be hitherto undocumented. Given the wide UK distribution and abundance of both P. elavipalpis and S. caprea, and that across British Lepidoptera common sallow (specifically 5. cinerea L.) is the most widely exploited UK host-plant after English oak Quercus robur L. and Silver Birch Betula pendula Rothschild (Southwood et ah, 1982), the extent to which the moth utilises this shrub warrants further investigation. It may be much greater than writings suggest. Len Winokur Flat 3, Charles Court, 7 Darwin Road, Southampton, SO 15 5BS References Goater, B. & Norriss, T. 2001. Moths of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Pisces Publications, Newbury, and Hampshire County Council. National Biodiversity Network Gateway. 2004. Web site developed by CEH and JNCC, 2004. National Biodiversity Network Trust, Newark, UK. Accessed 6th February 2007. Porter, J. 1997. The Colour Identification Guide to Caterpillars of the British Isles. Viking, Harmondsworth. Skinner, B. 1998. The Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles (Macro- lepidoptera). 2nd Edition. Viking, Harmondsworth. Southwood, T.R.E., Moran, V.C. & Kennedy, C.E.J. 1982. The richness, abundance and biomass of the arthropod communities on trees. Journal of Animal Ecology 51: 635-649. Waring, P. & Townsend, T. 2003. Field guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. British Wildlife Publishing, Hook, Hampshire. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 139 ZYGINELLA PULCHRA LOW (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) - A LEAFHOPPER NEW TO THE BRITISH ISLES Krisztina Bleicher*, Andras Orosz- & Jerry V. Cross^ ^Szt. Istvan University, Dept, of Entomology, 1118 - Budapest, Menesi ut 44., Hungary ^Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1088 - Budapest, Baross u. 13, Hungary ^East Mailing Research, New Road, East Mailing, Kent MEW OBJ Abstract A species of leafhopper, Zyginella pulchra Low, not previously recorded in Britain, was found at East Mailing, Kent in 2001. Zyginella pulchra is the only representative of the genus Zyginella in Great Britain. The species is widely distributed in the Palaearctic region, including France, so its discovery in southern England is not surprising. Introduction A comprehensive survey of arthropod biodiversity, including leafhoppers, was conducted in an experimental apple orchard (Wiseman’s field) at East Mailing, Kent between 2001-2006. The orchard was surrounded by arable fields, other fruit orchards, including pear and cherry and small areas of woodland. The most frequently recorded leafhopper species, in descending order of abundance were Empoasca decipiens Paoli, Edwardsiana rosae (L.), Ribautina debilis (Douglas), Edwardsiana crataegi (Douglas) and Eupteryx atropunctata (Goeze). A male specimen of a species of Cicadellidae not collected previously was found on a yellow sticky trap on 4 September 2001. This species proved to be Zyginella pulchra Low (Plate 2, Fig. 1), new to the British Isles. The identification of the specimen was confirmed by Andras Orosz, an Auchenorrhyncha specialist at the Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary. A description of the species, its distribution and ecology including host plant data are given below. Description Zyginella pulchra Low: Length: ^9- 3. 0-3.4 mm. The pronotum is entirely pale, the ventral part of the thorax black (Fig.2a). The dorsal part of the abdomen can be pale or black. The head of the is pale. In the 9 there is a black transverse band between the compound eyes. Fore wings are yellow, with black and sometimes reddish markings. Behind the region of the wax glandules, a transverse black band passes across the subcostal and radial veins. There is second black band on the external transverse apical vein; and a third one parallel with the previous one in the middle of the external apical cell, connecting longitudinally with the pedicle of the triangular-shaped internal distal cell. Inside this cell a roundish black spot connects with the medial apical vein. The edge of the three internal apical cells and the end of the three internal distal cells are strongly smoke-coloured. There is often a black, variably developed spot on the clavus (Ribaut, 1936). Identification is based on male genitalia. The genital plates are elongate and narrow (Figs 2b & 2c). The pointed, javelin shaped styli curve slightly outwards. The base of the aedeagus is strongly elongate, ventrally. The free part of it is formed by three equal-sized stems. The central stem, which includes the tube, gently curves Fig. 2. Zyginella pulchra (a) head, thorax and left forewing, after Ribaut (1936), (b) ventral and (c) lateral view of aedeagus. towards the back, from a sagittal view gently receding. The two lateral stems are elongate, pointed, and finely papillose on their dorsal surfaces (Ribaut, 1936). The male specimen of Z. pulchra found in the orchard at East Mailing Research Station (Plate 2, Fig. 1) was clearly identifiable by its genitalia (Figs. 2b & 2c). The clavus region of the fore wings of this specimen was red with a longish dark spot on the commissural border. The genus Zyginella can be distinguished from other genera in the Typhlocybinae by the vein structure of the hind wings. The radial and subcostal veins of the hind wings are distinct in the genera Eurhadina, Aguriahana and Eupteryx, but coalesce before the apex in the genera Zyginella, Eupterycyba and Linnavuoriana. In the genus Zyginella, the peripheric and median veins of the hind wings coalesce before the apex, while in the genera Eupterycyba and Linnavuoriana, the peripheric veins of the hind wings end freely, or run along by the side of the wings, leading into the united vein formed by the subcostal and radial veins. Distribution and ecology Zyginella pulchra is widely distributed in the Palaearctic region and appears to be principally a steppe species (Nast, 1972). Metcalf (1968) reports the distribution of the species as being from Austria, Germany, Croatia, Italy, Serbia, Slovakia, Netherlands, Cyprus, France, Greece. Nast (1972) also mentions it occurring in Bulgaria, Poland, Israel, Turkey and U.S.S.R. (Ukraine and Crimea). It occurs on a wide range of woody plants. Ribaut (1936) recorded it on cultivated Prunus, Buxus, Cupressus and Juniperus spp. In Hungary, it was first detected in 2001 from Tilia and BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20; 2007 141 Acer spp. (Kondorosy & Orosz, 2001). Collection dates were mainly in September and October but also in May, June and July. Mainly found on Acer pseudoplatanus, less frequently on A. campestre, A. platanoides and A. monspessulanum, also occasionally (but probably not breeding) on Quercus, Crataegus and Alnus (Low, 1885; Then, 1886). Overwintering individuals have been found on Picea (Nickel, 2003). Adults are usually swept from along forest margins as well as from parks and roadside trees in urban areas. In the 1930s the only known German localities were near Mainz, but during the past two decades Z. pulchra has been recorded from scattered sites over most of central Germany. It has been suggested, that there was a recent north-eastward range expansion, with anthropogenic habitats being colonized first, but the evidence is not convincing. An increasing number of records may simply have been caused by increasing awareness of the species occurring in late summer, when collecting activity on trees is generally low (Nickel, 2003). Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the two referees and editor for a critical review of the manuscript and Mike Webb (NHM) for aditional comments. The study was funded by Defra (grant no.HH3122STF) and partly by OKTA (grant no. 46380). Reeerences Bleicher, K., Marko, V., Cross, J. & Orosz, A. 2002. Characterizing the cicada (Auchenor- rhycha) biodiversity in an apple orchard with reduced pesticide management at East Mailing, UK. - International Organisation of Biological Control, Western Palaearctic Regional Section Bulletin. Kondorosy, E. & Orosz, A. 2001. New Hungarian records of cicadellids (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) from lime - Folia Entomologica Hungarica LXII: 327-329. Low, P. 1885. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Cicadinen - Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien. 35: 343-358. Metcalf, Z.P. 1968. Cicadelloidea - Cicadellidae, In: General Catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VI. Part 17: 1479-1480. Nast, J. 1972. Palaearctic Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera) . An annotated checklist. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw. 550pp. Nast, J. 1987. The Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera) of Europe - Annales Zoologici 40: 594-595. Ribaut, H. 1936. Homopteres Auchenorhynques. I (Typhlocybidae), Faune de France 31, Paris. Then, F. 1886. Katalog der Osterreichischen Cicadinen. Jahres-Ber. Gymn. K.K. There- sianischen Akad. Wien 1886, p 43. SHORT COMMUNICATION Ponem coarctata (Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Formiddae) in East Cornwall. - A lone worker of this rare ant was found beneath a mat of thyme growing across outcropping rock at Pentire Point (SW9280), St Minver Highlands, 2.viii.2006. It has only previously been reported in Cornwall from the far west, on the rocky cliffs of The Lizard (Mellor & Mellor, 1997). The species is best known in the south-west from the south Devon coast, and so the Pentire site is also the first from the north coast. - Keith N.A. Alexander, 59 Sweetbrier Lane, Heavitree, Exeter EXl 3AQ. Reeerence Mellor, P. & Mellor, J. 1997. Ants. Pp 237-240, in: Spalding, A. (ed.) Red Data Book for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. Croceago Press, Camborne, Cornwall. 142 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 CHANGES IN THE SAPROXYLIC COLEOPTERA FAUNA OF FOUR WOOD PASTURE SITES Derek A. Lott Stenus Research, 5 Welland Rcl, Barrow upon Soar, Loughborough, Leics LE12 SNA, UK Abstract The results of repeated surveys of saproxylic beetle assemblages at four sites from 1988-2006 were used to explore changes over time in whole-site assemblages and the within-site distributions of individual species. Site assemblages changed in different ways between surveys and in one case the change could be linked to site management. Of the more frequently recorded species, Agrilus laticornis (Illiger) and Conopalpus testaceus (Olivier) showed large variations in local population levels, while Euglenes oculatiis (Paykull) had more stable populations and was probably more sedentary in habits. Of the rarer species, the presence of Aulonothroscus hrevicollis (Bonvouloir) was recorded in one tree on two occasions over a period of ten years, while Tropideres sepicola (Fabr.) seemed to have successfully colonized new habitat over a range of at least 200m within the same time period. It is suggested that heartrot species may be less mobile within a site than species that are associated with the early stages of decay under bark and in aerial dead branches. Introduction There is now a great deal of interest in the conservation of saproxylic invertebrates (Harding & Rose, 1986; Alexander, 1999; Fowles el al., 1999; Read, 2000) and there have been a number of individual site quality evaluations in England based on intensive surveys (Lott & Alexander, 1992; Lott, 1995; Lott et al., 1999; Levey, 2000; Denton & Alexander, 2002; Denton, 2003; Damant & Kirby, 2005). However, there have been few published studies on how the saproxylic assemblages of a site change over time, even in response to the introduction of a new management regime. In 1998, a survey was initiated of two areas of Sherwood Forest, Nottinghamshire, with different management histories (Lott, 1999). Two compartments of an area, which retained ancient trees, but which had been planted with conifers, were found to have lower values for saproxylic species richness than two adjacent compartments of an SSSI, which had been left intact. The survey was designed as the baseline for a programme to monitor the effects on saproxylic assemblages of removing conifers from the plantation area, so a repeatable sampling protocol was used and the first follow-up survey was carried out in 2006. By coincidence, the author was asked to carry out repeat surveys on two other saproxylic beetle sites in 2006. Although the original sampling protocols were not as tightly defined as at Sherwood, the fieldwork methods employed were sufficiently similar to allow a comparison of results between survey years for each site. Methods Four sites are included in this study: 1. Birklands West and Ollerton Corner SSSI, Nottinghamshire (SK66), is an area of Sherwood Forest with relict ancient oaks and planted with conifers that were selectively removed in the mid nineties to conserve the oaks and their fauna. Two BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 143 sampling areas were visited five times each in 1998 and again in 2006. Approximately one and a quarter hours were spent in each sampling area on each visit. 2. Birklands and Bilhaugh SSSI, Nottinghamshire (SK66), is an intact area of Sherwood Forest. Two sampling areas adjacent to the Birklands West SSSI were visited in 1998 and 2006 using the same sampling protocol as above. Grazing has recently been introduced to these areas together with bracken control, but large areas of habitat retain a relatively closed canopy when compared with the majority of classic wood pasture sites. 3. Croome Park National Trust property, Worcestershire (S084) is a former landscape park with a relatively low density of trees for wood pasture, but located in a wider landscape that is rich in mature oaks by comparison with most areas of the British countryside. The trees formerly sat in an arable matrix, but this is being progressively converted to pasture. The site was visited five times in 1996 and five times in 2006. The records are allocated to eight distinct areas of the site, although these areas do not correspond to sampling units that received equal sampling effort. 4. Bonington Park SSSI, Leicestershire (SK42), is the surviving third of a mediaeval deer park that is still grazed by deer. The site was visited eight times in 1988 and three times in 2006. Three one and a quarter hour per visit sampling areas were used in 2006 and the 1988 records were retrospectively split into the same areas. In all surveys a standard suite of fieldwork methods was used as listed in Table 1, except that grass traps were not used at Bonington in 2006. Consequently, earlier records derived from this method are not used in the analysis for Bonington. There is no standard checklist of saproxylic beetles. Fowles et al. (1999) limited their list mainly to species that were restricted to wood decay habitats only. Alexander (2002) was more inclusive. Saproxylic species are defined here as species that habitually breed in habitats associated with wood decay. This definition includes species that also occur in other habitats. Assemblage parameters were calculated for each site in each year. The parameters used are as follows: • Species richness (S) is a count of the number of saproxylic species. • The Index of Ecological Continuity (lEC) is the sum of scores allocated to species according to their dependence on the historical continuity of wood decay habitat (Alexander, 2004). Table 1. Sampling methods Technique Target species Beating dead branches Searching under bark Dissection of fungal fruiting bodies Grass traps placed in tree hollows Tullgren funnel extraction from samples of rotten wood A wide range of saproxylic species Subcortical species Fungus-feeders Species associated with the nests of birds and ants Species associated with heartrot especially small species difficult to see in the field 144 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 • The Species Quality Factor (SQF) (Eyre & Rushton, 1989) is here based on scores allocated to species according to their conservation status as listed in the RECORDER computer package (see also Hyman, 1992, 1994). The species scores are averaged in order to avoid the influence of sampling effort, which affects cumulative scores. SQF has similar properties to the derivative Saproxylic Quality Index (Fowles et al. 1999), but it takes account of the more inclusive definition of saproxylic species by counting all the species listed by Alexander (2002). • Species turnover between each survey period, t, was calculated using: t = (1 + g) / (Si + S2) where 1 = number of species lost, g = number of species gained. Si and S2 = species richness in each survey period (Magurran, 2004^ Variations in the population levels of individual species over all four sites were explored for the more commonly recorded species by comparing the sampling areas occupied by each species in each year. For each species, the percentage of recorded sampling areas that were occupied in both survey periods, p, was taken to be a coarse measure of the level of local population stability. Species with high p values would be species with stable local population levels, which rarely fall below the threshold at which they can be recorded by sampling. A measure of increase or decline in the distribution of each species, d, was calculated using the formula d^logio (N2()06/Nprev) where N2006 is the number of sampling areas occupied in 2006 and Nprev is the number of sampling areas occupied in previous surveys. A score of one represents a tenfold increase in distribution, while a score of — 1 represents a tenfold decrease in distribution. Some rarer species were recorded in more than one year and the extent to which they move around the site was assessed individually. Results Assemblage statistics The recorded species richness S for all sites was lower in 2006 than in earlier surveys (Table 2). S is well known to be influenced by sampling effort and, in the case of Donington Park, the reduced number of visits in 2006 would undoubtedly have been a contributory factor to differences in recorded species richness. For all sites, the recorded species richness could also be affected by sampling efficiency related to weather and habitat accessibility. The Species Quality Factor, SQF, is less affected by sampling factors and the parity of values for Donington suggests that the conservation quality of that site is being maintained despite the drop in Index of Ecological Continuity, lEC, which is influenced by sampling effort in the same way as species richness. By contrast, the large drop in all three parameters, S, lEC and SQF at Croome Park may reflect real changes in the fauna there. The increases in lEC and SQF at Birklands West indicate an improvement in conservation quality following removal of the conifer matrix surrounding the ancient oaks. This has opened up the habitat and attracted several species associated with bark and peripheral decay, which require insolated breeding habitat (Lott, 2006). This BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 145 Table 2. Assemblage statistics for each site S I EC SQF Site 1988-1998 2006 1988-1998 2006 1988-1998 2006 t Croome Park, Worcs. 109 81 53 29 294 249 0.45 Donington Park, Leics. 53 46 17 12 204 204 0.66 Birklands West, Notts. 56 55 16 27 220 258 0.59 Birklands & Bilhaugh, Notts. 75 67 25 27 227 240 0.48 management“induced change in assemblage composition is probably also responsible for the relatively high species turnover, t, at the site. The highest species turnover was recorded at Donington, but it is not known whether this is connected with the longer interval between surveys, the differences in sampling effort between the two surveys or the relatively small size of the site. Population fluctuations in more commonly recorded species Table 3 shows the degree to which populations of different commonly recorded species have varied over all four sites between different survey periods. Only five species (13% of the total) were recorded in more areas in 2006 than in previous surveys, while 26 species (68%) were recorded in fewer areas. These figures do not necessarily reflect any underlying trends; rather the conditions that obtained in 2006 compared to previous survey years. In this respect, 2006 seems to have been a particularly good year for the subcortical staphylinid, Phyllodrepa vilis (Erichson), and the late successional click beetle, Stenagostus rhombeus (Olivier), but a terrible year for four species of saproxylic Cantharidae that underwent the steepest drops in numbers of areas occupied. No fewer than eight species had a p value of zero. In other words, they were not recorded in the same sampling area twice. Some of these are species that seem to have undergone a general increase or decline. However, two species associated with aerial dead branches, Agrilus laticornis (Illiger) and Conopalpus testaceus (Olivier), have relatively stable populations on a large scale, while undergoing fluctuations in abundance at a local scale. The heartrot species, Euglenes oculalus (Paykull), had the highest p value. It seems to have relatively stable populations at a local scale and is possibly sedentary in nature, only infrequently moving into new areas. Changes in the distribution of rarer species Ampedus cardinalis (Schiodte), Stenichnus godarti (Latreille) and Euthia formice- torum (Reitter) were recorded in 1996 at Croome, while Plectophloeus nitidus (Fairmaire) was recorded in 1988 at Donington. All these Red Data book heartrot species were recorded in fallen trees or boughs, which by 2006 had decayed to the point where they no longer provided suitable habitat. They were not rediscovered at their respective sites in 2006. However, it cannot be concluded that these species had become extinct on these sites. Some heartrot species, such as E. oculatus (Paykull) 146 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Table 3. Changes in the distribution of frequently recorded species between sampling areas. Nomenclature follows Duff (2007). Species Increase/ decline, d StabilityNo. index, areas p occupied Favoured microhabitat Pliyllodrepa vilis (Erichson) (Staphylinidae) 0.54 0 9 under bark Stenagostus rhomheiis (Olivier) (Elateridae) 0.24 10 10 old logs Grcmimoptera ruficoruis (Fabr.) 0.22 14 7 aerial dead branches (Cerambycidae) Salpingus planirostris (Fabr.) (Salpingidae) 0.12 62 13 aerial dead branches Cerylon histeroides (Fabr.) (Cerylonidae) 0.08 22 9 under bark Anohium fulvicorne (Sturm) (Anobiidae) 0.00 27 11 aerial dead branches Scaly tus inlvicatiis (Ratzeburg) 0.00 14 7 under bark (Curculionidae) Phloeopora cortica/is (Gravenhorst) 0.00 20 5 under bark (Staphylinidae) Gahrius splendididus (Gravenhorst) 0.00 43 7 old logs/under bark (Staphylinidae) PJdocono}nus punctipeiuiis Thomson 0.00 20 5 under bark (Staphylinidae) Aimspis ganicysi Fowler (Scraptiidae) 0.00 50 8 aerial dead branches Leptusa fiimida (Erichson) 0.00 60 5 fungi/under bark (Staphylinidae) Leiopus nehidosiis (F.) (Cerambycidae) -0.05 55 11 aerial dead branches Mekmotus villosus (Geoffroy) (Elateridae) -0.08 22 9 heartrot Anaspis fasciata (Forster) (Scraptiidae) -0.08 38 8 aerial dead branches Amtspis macidata (Fourcroy) (Scraptiidae) -0.08 69 13 aerial dead branches Cartodere nodifer (Westwood) (Fatriidae) -0.10 0 9 fungi/mouldy bark Dryocoetes villosus (Fabr.) (Curculionidae) -0.10 43 7 under bark Euglenes oculatus (Paykull) (Aderidae) -0.10 80 5 heartrot Ccdodromius spilotus (Illiger) (Carabidae) -0.11 45 11 aerial dead branches Dcisytes aeratiis Stephens (Melyridae) -0.12 40 10 aerial dead branches Orthocis alni (Gyllenhal) (Cisidae) -0.12 40 5 aerial dead branches Anaspis frontalis (F.) (Scraptiidae) -0.18 11 9 aerial dead branches PtineUa errahunda Johnson (Ptiliidae) -0.18 25 8 heartrot/under bark Agriliis laticornis (Illiger) (Buprestidae) -0.18 0 5 aerial dead branches Cis vestitus Mellie (Cisidae) -0.20 44 9 aerial dead branches Paronudus fiavicornis (Herbst) (Histeridae) -0.22 14 7 heartrot/under bark Anaspis riifilabris (Gyllenhal) (Scraptiidae) -0.22 60 5 aerial dead branches Conopalpus testaceus (Olivier) -0.40 0 7 aerial dead branches (Melandryidae) Ahraeus perpusillus (Marsham) (Histeridae) -0.40 17 6 heartrot Pliyllodrepa ioptera (Stephens) -0.40 17 6 under bark (Staphylinidae) Anaspis reginiharti Schilsky (Scraptiidae) -0.44 15 13 aerial dead branches Dromius quadrimaculatus (F.) (Carabidae) -0.48 20 10 aerial dead branches Salpingus ruficoUis (F.) (Salpingidae) -0.60 0 5 aerial dead branches Malthinus flaveolus (Herbst) (Cantharidae) -0.60 0 5 aerial dead branches Malthinus frontalis (Marsham) (Cantharidae) -0.60 0 5 heartrot? Malthinus seriepunctatus Kiesenwetter -0.85 14 7 aerial dead branches (Cantharidae) Malthodes minimus (F.) (Cantharidae) — 00 0 6 aerial dead branches BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20; 2007 147 have adults which can easily be found with a beating tray, but others spend most of their life cycle close to the breeding habitat and are much more difficult to find. An externally sound veteran tree with no dead branches may contain heartrot that provides habitat for several species, but they are effectively inaccessible to the ground-based fieldworker without recourse to canopy fogging or trapping. On the other hand, veteran trees in an advanced stage of decay with large fissures in their bole have often lost much of their quality heartrot habitat through exposure to the elements. In order to gain access to good quality heartrot habitat, the fieldworker has to find a tree in an intermediate stage of decay or one with a freshly snapped bough. Such trees are comparatively rare, so many species present on site will evade notice. Similarly, the Red Data book heartrot species, Euplectus nanus (Reichenbach), E. tholini Guillebeau and Microscydmus minimus (Chaudoir) were found in different areas of Sherwood Forest in different years, but this does not necessarily mean that they move frequently between areas to colonise new habitat. They are just as likely to have relatively sedentary habits and be widely distributed on site, but their discovery is largely dependent on the chance of finding accessible habitat. The Red Data book species, Aulonothroscus brevicoUis (Bonvouloir), was beaten from three trees at Croome in 1996. Most specimens were found on one particular externally sound oak. It was still present in numbers on the same tree in 2006 and can evidently survive for over a decade in a healthy tree containing the right habitat. In 1996 two specimens of the Red Data book species, Tropideres sepicola (Fabr.), were beaten from a dead branch on two separate dates from an oak tree at Croome. In 2006 it could not be found on this tree, but was present in large numbers on the dead branches of a fallen oak about 200m away, where it was unrecorded in 1996. It is likely that this species had successfully colonized new habitat following a short- range dispersal. Tropideres sepicola develops in decaying branches (Alexander, 2002) and its dispersal behaviour is probably typical of a range of species, which develop under bark and in aerial dead branches in an early stage of decay. These species require a frequent supply of fresh habitat and their populations are probably more mobile than heartrot species. Discussion It is not possible to draw many inferences with any confidence from a study of changes at just four sites based on only two visits. Nevertheless, these results do indicate that several parameters can be used to recognize differences in the dynamics of individual site assemblages and that individual species can vary in the way that their within-site distributions and populations change over time. The results also illustrate the utility of the Species Quality Factor and its variants as a tool for comparing assemblages that have received different amounts of sampling effort. In general, species richness and the Index of Ecological Continuity can only be used to compare survey results derived from roughly equal sampling efforts. The lEC was not designed for detecting trends, but for evaluating site lists built up over a period of several years, so that their species richness curves approach an asymptote. Lott (1999) used further parameters for monitoring saproxylic assemblages at Sherwood. They were based on the species richness of ecological sub-assemblages defined by breeding habitat, heartrot and fungal fruiting bodies. This approach is now being developed by Natural England’s ISIS invertebrate assemblage project (Webb & Lott, 2006). 148 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Acknowledgements Surveys at Sherwood Forest, Croome Park and Donington Park were funded by the Forestry Commission, the National Trust and Natural England, respectively. The author is grateful to Paul Barwick (Forestry Commission), Simon Barker (National Trust), Michael Smith (National Trust), Suzanne Perry (Natural England) and John Gillies-Shield, landowner at Donington, for logistic support and helpful information. I thank Keith Alexander for helpful discussion. References Alexander, K.N.A. 1999. The invertebrates of Britain’s wood pastures. British Wildlife 11: 108- 117. Alexander, K.N.A. 2002. The invertebrates of living and decaying timber in Britain and Ireland - a provisional annotated checklist. English Nature Research Reports 467: 9-142. Alexander, K.N.A. 2004. Revision of the Index of Ecological Continuity as used for saproxylic beetles. English Nature Research Reports 574: 9-60. Damant, S. & Kirby, P. 2005. Oasis in an arable desert: the rich saproxylic Coleoptera fauna of Wimpole Park, Cambridgeshire. Coleopterist 11: 9-17. Denton, J. 2003. The saproxylic Coleoptera of Petworth Park, West Sussex. Coleopterist 14: 51- 63. Denton, J. & Alexander, K.N.A. 2002. Hatchlands Park, Surrey: a site of European importance for saproxylic Coleoptera. Coleopterist 11: 9-17. Duff, A.G. 2005. Checklist of Beetles of the British Isles, (revised 19th January, 2007). www.coleopterist.org.uk Eyre, M.D. & Rushton, S.P. 1989. Quantification of conservation criteria using invertebrates. Journal of Applied Ecology 26: 159-171. Fowles, A.P., Alexander, K.N.A. & Key, R.S. 1999. The Saproxylic Quality Index: evaluating wooded habitats for the conservation of dead-wood Coleoptera. Coleopterist 8: 121-141. Harding, P.T. & Rose, F. 1986. Pasture-woodlands in lowland Britain. Huntingdon: Institute of Terrestrial Ecology. Hyman, P.S. (revised Parsons, M.S.) 1992. A review of the scarce and threatened Coleoptera of Great Britain. Part 1. UK Nature Conservation: 3. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Hyman, P.S. (revised Parsons, M.S.) 1994. A review of the scarce and threatened Coleoptera of Great Britain. Part 2. UK Nature Conservation: 12. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Levey, B. 1995. Eridge Park, E. Sussex, a little-known site for saproxylic Coleoptera. Coleopterist 9: 19-23. Lott, D.A. 1995. The dead-wood beetles of Donington Park, Leicestershire. Coleopterist 4: 47- 53. Lott, D.A. 1999. A comparison of saproxylic beetle assemblages occurring under two different management regimes in Sherwood Forest. Naturalist 124: 67-74. Lott, D.A. 2006. Report of saproxylic beetle survey at Sherwood Forest 2006. Unpublished report to Forestry Commission. Lott, D.A. & Alexander, K.N.A. 1992. The dead-wood beetles of Attingham Park. Coleopterist 1: 9-16. Lott, D.A., Alexander, K.N.A., Drane, A.B. & Foster, A.P. 1999. The dead-wood beetles of Croome Park, Worcestershire. Coleopterist 8: 79-87. Magurran, A.E., 2004. Measuring Biological Diversity. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. Read, H., ed. 2000. Veteran Trees: a guide to good management. Peterborough: English Nature. Webb, J.R. & Lott, D.A. 2006. The development of ISIS: a habitat-based invertebrate assemblage classification system for assessing conservation interest in England. Journal of Insect Conservation 10: 179-188. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 149 CADDISFLIES (TRICHOPTERA) COLLECTED IN THE LAKE DISTRICT (CUMBRIA) IN JULY 2006 Emma Ross Department of Entomology , The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD e.ross@nhm.ac.uk While on holiday in the Lake District during 14-27th July 2006, I took the opportunity to collect caddisflies at a variety of localities. I stayed at Ennerdale, by the River Ehen, which was a good position for visiting different potential caddisfly localities in the western part of the Lake District. This was the perfect time to visit as the rest of the country was experiencing a heatwave and the temperature was generally 5°C lower there than in the rest of England. Most days were fine and sunny, though the waterfalls were not at their best as there had not been much rain. Prior to going, Ian Wallace (pers. comm.) informed me that there were good records for some of the well visited and popular sites in the southern Lake District e.g. Lake Windermere, but few records from other localities. D.E. Kimmins was evacuated to Wray Castle on Windermere, along with the Natural History Museum collections he cared for over the Second World War and published a major list and a supplement (Kimmins, 1943, 1944). I really wanted to find Philopotamus montanus (Donovan) (Philopotamidae) which is only known from fast flowing streams, a habitat that I had not collected from before. There are four main types of freshwater habitats in the Lake District where caddisflies can be found: (1) large lakes, which often have the word ‘water’ as part of their name; (2) ponds, usually at high altitude which are called ‘tarns’; (3) rivers, and 4) fast flowing streams, which are called ‘becks’. The latter can have waterfalls, which often have the word ‘force’ as part of the name and may have cut a chasm know as a ‘gill’ or ‘ghyir. There are two very good guides to the tarns and waterfalls by Blair (2002, 2003), that proved very useful. A guide to Lake District walks by Conduit, Coates and Taylor (2006) was also useful. Most collecting was done by just tubing specimens as they were seen, though a net was used for sweeping. A total of 30 species from 22 localities was found; only one or two examples of a taxon were collected from each locality. I was able to take photographs of many living specimens, usually the following morning when they were calmer (e.g. Plate 2, Fig. 2, Adicella reductci (McLachlan)). Some of the photos will be published by Barnard & Ross (in press). The localities and species recorded are listed in Table 1 in alphabetical order. For eight of the localities marked with an asterisk, there are no previous records on the database of the national caddisfly recording scheme (Wallace pers. comm.). Localities owned by the National Trust are indicated by (NT). All of the species are common according to Wallace (1991). These records have been added to the Cumbrian species list on the Virtual Fauna of Lakeland website (http://www.lakelandwildlife.co.uk). Philopotamus montanus was found at three localities, all at the bases of waterfalls where it is cool and shaded. Although common, this species proved remarkably difficult to catch. They were very active, fast flying and very difficult to follow in dappled shade and over the slippery rocks. When they land on mossy rocks they virtually disappear as their yellow and brown mottled wings make them very well camouflaged. The easiest way to spot them is to get under overhanging vegetation 150 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Table 1. Localities in the Lake District where caddisflies were collected in July 2006. Localities for which there are no previous caddisfly records are indicated by an asterisk. Aira Beck Aira Force and below High Force* [NY 400 207] (NT), 25.vii.06: Adicella reducla (McLachlan), Beraea maurus (Curtis), Tinodes maclachlcmi Kimmins Bassenthwaite Lake North end [NY 201 319], 21.vii.06: Tinodes waeneri (L.) Burnmoor Tarn* [NY 18 04] (NT), 23.vii.06: Athripsodes alhifrons (L.), Athripsodes cinereus (Curtis), Cyrnus trimaculatus (Curtis), Type phaeopa (Stephens), Mystacides nigra (L.), Tinodes waeneri Outflow from Burnmoor Tarn into Whillan Beck [NY 188 ^AA\.Hydropsyche siltalai Dohler Buttermere [NY 17 16-18 15] (NT), 24.vii.06: Agrypnia varia (Fabr.), Goera pilosa (Fabr.) Buttermere Dubs* A waterway that connects the lakes of Crummock Water and Buttermere [NY 170 164], 24.vii.06: Neureelipsis himaculata (L.), Oecetis testaeea (Curtis), Tinodes waeneri Cogra Moss Also known as Arlecdon Reservoir [NY 09 19], 26.vii.06: Athripsodes aterrinnis (Stephens), Cyrnus fiavidus McLachlan, Cyrnus trimaculatus, Oecetis lacustris (Pictet) Dub Beck [NY 134 211], 27.vii.06: Athripsodes alhifrons Ennerdale Bridge Stream next to Fox & Hounds pub [NY 069 159], 26.vii.06: Odontocerum alhicorne (Scopoli) Ennerdale Water (NT) North [NY 103 159] and east sides [NY 124 139], 15.vii.06: Cyrnus trimaculatus, Polyeentropus flavomaeulatus (Pictet) South side, with small shaded streams flowing into it [NY 112 143] (NT), 15.vii.06: Dipleetrona felix McLachlan West side [NY 089 155], 26.vii.06: Cyrnus trimaculatus Eriar’s Crag, Derwent Water [NY 264 222], 21.vii.06: Cyrnus trimaculatus, Polyeentropus flavomaeulatus Holme Beck* At the base of Holme Force [NY 119 214] (NT), 27.vii.06: Drusus annulatus (Stephens) Loweswater (NT) North-east side [NY 125 219], 24.vii.06: Athripsodes cinereus South-west side [NY 125 212], 27.vii.06: Polyeentropus flavomaeulatus, Tinodes waeneri Lingcove Beck* At base of a waterfall [NY 228 037] (NT), 16.vii.06: Lepidostoma hirtum (Fabr.), Oecetis testaeea Continued BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 151 Table 1. (Continued) River Derwent, Cockermouth [NY 122 309], 20.vii.06: Rhyacophila dorsalis (Curtis) River Ehen [NY 060 158], 19.vii.06: Beraea maurus, Lepidostoma hirtum, Odontocerum albicorne, Oecetis testacea 26.vii.06: Cyrnus trimaculatiis, Glossosoma conformis Neboiss, Odontocerum albicorne, Psychomyia pusilla (Fabr.), Rhyacophila dorsalis (Curtis), Silo pallipes (Fabr.) Scale Beck* At the base of Scale Force [NY 152 173] (NT), 24.vii.06: Philopotamus montanus (Donovan) Stanley Gill* Below Stanley Force [SD 175 998], 16.vii.06: Philopotamus montanus, Sericostoma personatum (Spence) Sprinkling Tarn* [NY 228 091] (NT), 18.vii.06: Agrypnia obsoleta (Hagen), Cyrnus flavidus, Mystacides aziirea (L.), Polycentropus flavomaculatus Sty Head bog [NY 220 094] (NT), 18.vii.06: Agrypnia obsoleta Ullswater South end, near Glenridding Pier [NY 390 169] (NT), 25.vii.06: Athripsodes aterrimus, Tinodes waeneri Watendlath Beck Base of Lodore Falls [NY 265 188] (NT), 21.vii.06: Diplectrona felix, Lepidostoma hirtum, Philopotamus montanus and look upwards towards a bright sky. They often sit on the top of the leaves and can be seen as a silhouette through translucent leaves. I would like to thank Peter Barnard (NHM) for confirmation of identifications, Ian Wallace for information on localities, the National Trust for access, Steve Hewitt (Tullie House Museum) for information about Cumbrian caddisfly records and Andrew Ross (NHM) for general help. References Barnard, P. & Ross, E. (in press). A guide to the adult caddisflies or sedge flies {Trichoptera). AIDGAP. Field Studies Council. Blair, D. 2002. Exploring Lakeland Waterfalls. Lakeland Moor Press. 188 pp. Blair, D. 2003. Exploring Lakeland Tarns. Revised Edition. Lakeland Moor Press. 223 pp. Conduit, B., Coates, N. & Taylor, H. 2006. Lake District Walks. Revised Edition. Ordnance Survey Pathfinder Guide, No. 13. Jarrold Publishing. 95 pp. Kimmins, D.E. 1943. A list of the Trichoptera (caddisflies) of the Lake District with distributional and seasonal data. Journal of the Society for British Entomology 2: 136-157. Kimmins, D.E. 1944. Supplementary notes on the Trichoptera of the English Lake District. Entomologist 77: 81-83. Wallace, I.D. 1991. A review of the Trichoptera of Great Britain. Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report, No. 32, 61 pp. 152 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 SPITTLE SHARING AMONG FROGHOPPER SPECIES John Badmin Coppice Place, Selling, Kent ME13 9RP A fourth-instar nymph of the meadow froghopper Philaenus spumarius (L.) was found inhabiting a spittle mass produced by two fifth instar nymphs of the froghopper Aphrophora cilni (Fallen) feeding on Geum urhanum in Perry Woods, Kent on 2 June 2007. The nymphs of the two species appeared to be feeding normally without any detrimental effect on each other, the slightly enlarged spittle mass affording them a reasonable measure of protection. Over the past 10 years these two species have been found co-inhabiting the same spittle masses on four occasions, with, in one case, five nymphs in a single spittle. In all cases, the host species appeared to be T. alni (Plate 2, Fig. 3), since the habitat favoured this species. These joint occurrences are rare and have not been reported by other researchers studying froghopper nymphs in the UK (e.g., Whittaker, 1971). The frequency of spittle sharing depends on the extent of natural movement of nymphs to new feeding sites as they develop {P. spumarius > A. alni), the degree of overlap of developmental period and shared habitat and foodplant preferences. Both froghopper species occur in woodlands particularly along woodland rides across most of England and Wales and share a number of herbaceous host plants, so there is a reasonable chance they may co-inhabit the same spittle mass. There appears to be an advantage in feeding gregariously in the case of P. spumarius, as adult mass (hence fecundity) has been shown to increase as group size increases from one to five nymphs per spittle (Wise et al, 2006). All froghoppers are assumed to be xylem feeders and so have to be capable of overcoming the large negative pressures under which xylem fluid is transported in plants (Crews et al., 1998). It is possible that multiple feeding at a single site may allow a group of insects to disrupt the normal xylem flow in that region of the plant in such a way as to enhance food uptake (Wise et al., 2006). Sharing of spittle masses may also help nymphs to conserve energy in maintaining the volume of spittle which provides the inhabitants with a significant measure of protection from predators and parasitoids (Whittaker, 1970; Wise et al., 2006). A large spittle mass containing three froghopper species, two nymphs of Aphrophora salicina (Goeze),and a single nymph each of A. alni and P. spumarius was found on a bramble stem on a woodland boundary at Bough Beech reservoir, Kent on 5 June 1994. The site and date are both relevant since the woodland edge is the only place where the three species breed in close proximity and have a chance to intermix, and the late date is at a time when more mature instars are present which tend to move greater distances in search of new feeding sites. This applies particularly to A. alni, which in its early instars feeds at ground level and only moves higher into the vegetation (up to 50 cm) in the fourth and fifth instars. The presence of nymphs of A. salicina on bramble was due either to the nymphs having wandered - naturally onto the plant or having fallen from the sallow tree above (the primary host plant) as a result of wind action. It is possible that other combinations of two froghoppers species occur. It is unlikely that more than three froghopper species will be found sharing the same spittle, at least in the UK, since most of the other native species feed primarily on monocotyledons in preference to dicotyledons. There is a possibility of spittle sharing BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 153 in Aphrophora major Uhler and A. pectoralis {costalis) Matsumura though the chances are much lower since both are local species in the UK. References Crews, LJ., McCully, M.E., Canny, MJ., Huang, C.X. & Ling, L.E.C. 1998. Xylem feeding by spittlebug nymphs, some observations by optical and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. American Journal of Botany 85: 449^60. Whittaker J.B. 1970. Cercopid spittle as a microhabitat. Oikos 21: 59-64. Whittaker, J.B. 1971. Population changes in Neophilaenus lineatus (L.) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) in different parts of its range. Journal of Animal Ecology 40: 425-443. Wise M.J., Keiffer, D.W. & Abrahamson, W.G. 2006. Costs and benefits of gregarious feeding in the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius. Ecological Entomology 32: 548-555. The occurrence of soft scales (Coccidae) on ornamental yew Taxus baccata - An infestation of yew scale Parthenolecanium pomeranicum (Kawecki) and cottonly camellia scale Pulvinaria (Chloropulvinaria) floccif era (Westwood) was rediscovered on one of the yew hedges in the second author’s garden in Selling, Kent on 15 July 2007 (Plate 2, Fig. 4). The infestation was first noted in 1992, and, at the time, was the first known occurrence of cottony camellia scale on yew in the UK known to the first author. Control measures were subsequently taken and the two species have only resurfaced in noticeable numbers in the hedge during the past two years. Re- infestation of yew by P. floccifera may have occurred through the spread of motile first instars from some of the large Camellia bushes elsewhere in the garden which support low numbers of this species. The current status of these insects in the UK based on records from the Central Science Laboratory is worth noting. True yew scale P. pomeranicum is not commonly recorded in Britain but has been collected throughout much of England and Wales, most frequently in the south. It is host specific to Taxus and occasionally numbers can build up causing chlorosis and defoliation. Pulvinaria floccifera is particularly interesting, as it appears to be becoming more abundant, extending its geographical distribution and host range in Britain and is becoming more significant as a plant pest. Twenty years ago, this species was largely restricted in distribution outdoors to southern England. In recent years it has become more abundant (the Central Science Laboratory has received more samples of this species from different localities during the first half of 2007 than ever recorded previously during a similar period) and has extended its distribution northwards and is locally common in Yorkshire and Cumbria. Previously it was largely confined to Camellia and holly in Britain, but in recent years has been recorded from bay laurel, Choisya, Citrus, Kalmia, Pieris, Pyracantha, Magnolia, Rhododendron, Trachelo- spermum and yew. It has become more important as a plant pest and is listed among the top ten garden pests by the Royal Horticultural Society (see www.rhs.org.uk). The foliage of infested plants often becomes covered in sooty mould which grows on the honeydew excreted by the scale insects. Extensive damage to rhododendrons has recently been reported from the Lake District. The changes in status are presumably due in part to climate change and it is highly likely that more and more gardeners will encounter P. floccifera in the future. - Chris Malumphy, Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York Y04 ILZ & John Badmin, Coppice Place, Selling, Kent ME 13 9RP 154 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20; 2007 REQUEST Wanted - Large House Spiders Large House spiders in Britain comprise two species, Tegenaria saeva Blackwall and T. gigantea Chamberlain & Ivie. Intriguingly they seem to have almost non- overlapping distributions south of a line drawn across Northern England from the North Wales coast. Here T. gigantea occupies the east and Midlands, whereas T. saeva is found in the West Country and Wales. North of this imaginary line both species seem to be found pretty well everywhere, but with the exception of Yorkshire our distributional data are rather sparse. We are interested in the reasons for these distributions and the evolutionary interactions between species where they meet. More information is required to refine our maps, particularly from the west Midlands and Wales and for all areas of England north and west of Yorkshire and throughout Scotland. This note is to alert readers to the project and to ask whether they would be willing to collect further specimens from these areas. The best time to catch Large House spiders is from August through to early October when males are actively searching for females. It is then that they are likely to be seen running across carpets or trapped in baths and sinks. They can be recognized by their large size (body lengths excluding legs are typically c. 1 cm long, with legs c. 2 to 3 cm long). Their colour overall is brownish but with lighter chevron markings on the abdomen (see photo). Distinguishing the species and their hybrids requires microscopic examination and so identification is not possible in situ. Specimens should be placed individually in a small container (with some ventilation) together with a small piece of damp tissue paper to provide moisture. Please indicate where the spider was caught (house/garage etc.), the date, the details of the location and a 6-figure map reference or post code. Please note that Large House spiders are not dangerous to humans. All specimens will be acknowledged and postage fully refunded. The containers should be appropriately wrapped and posted to; Dr Geoff Oxford, Department of Biology (Area 18), University of York, P.O. Box 373, York YOlO 5YW. Should you require further information, please phone 01904 328640 or e-mail gsol (@york. ac.uk A male Large House spider, Tegenaria saeva, in a familiar domestic setting. Photo: Geoff Oxford. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 155 2006 ANNUAL EXHIBITION Imperial College, London SWT “11 November 2006 The following account of the exhibits has been compiled by A.M. Jones (British Butterflies), S.P. Clancy (British Macrolepidoptera), M.R. Young (British Micro- lepidoptera), N.M. Hall (Foreign Lepidoptera), PJ. Chandler (Diptera), P.J Hodge (Coleoptera), A.J.A. Stewart (Hemiptera), M.N. Smith (Hymenoptera and other Orders) and J.S Badmin (General). The photographs of individual insects were taken by Jeff Higgott and prepared as plates using computer software by Darren Mann. The cost of printing the plates was covered by a grant from the Hammond Memorial Fund. About forty-five members and their guests attended the Society’s Annual Dinner which took place in the Senior Common Room at Imperial College immediately following the exhibition. The pre-prandrial drinks at the bar allowed everyone to unwind and relax and chat about the day’s events. The sit-down meal which followed was of a high standard and the university’s catering staff deserve our thanks. This is one of the very few occasions when members of the Society can socialise and make new acquaintances and it is hoped that more members will attend in future. British Butterflies Bailey, K.E.J. - Results of breeding experiments during 2006. Colias croceus (Geoffroy) females approaching ab. nigrofasciata Verity and ab. pseudomas Cockerell from heat-shocked pupae. Anthocharis cardamines (L.) females with greatly enlarged and extended discoidal spots bred from a similarly marked female taken in Buckinghamshire in May 2005, all the males were type. A mixed gynandromorph, mainly female bred from wild-collected ova. This was paired with a wild male but the few ova were infertile. Also a female intersex with light male shading to the wing tips, this was first noted in the pupa as it coloured up, the genitalia were indistinct. It was bred from a wild female taken in Buckinghamshire. Sibling pairings were infertile. Theda betulae (L.), a female with undersides similar to Satyrium w-album (Knoch.) ab. albovirgata Tutt (Plate 3, Fig. 4) from cold-shocked pupae. Satyrium pruni (L.) ab. albobsoleta Verity from heat-shocked pupae. Lycaena dispar batavus (Oberthiir.), a radiated aberration from untreated generation 2 pupae. Lycaena phiaeas (L.), hybrid broods from UK phiaeas with the Madeira subspecies phlaeoides (Staudin- ger), the resulting offspring were all female. The exhibitor believes that the UK autosomes have greater “female power” and that many of the female phenotypes were genetically ZZ instead of ZW. (In the reviewers experience of breeding UK phiaeas they regularly produce all female broods and even when out-crossed with wild males the offspring remain female). Hybrid Apatura iris (L.) x Apatura ilia f. dytie (D. & S.). Hand-paired stock from male ilia and female iris, rearing results were similar to those reported in the 2000 Annual Exhibition, however the larvae would only eat Populus spp. refusing Salix suggesting that the foodplant preference is passed down in the nuclear DNA in the sperm. Heat-shocked nymphalid pupae produced Vanessa atalanta (L.) ab. klemensie- wiczie Schille, Vanessa cardui (L.) ab. rogeri Meilhan, Aglais urticae (L.) ab. semiichnusoides Pronin, Boloria euphrosyne (L.) with weakened pattern, Boloria 156 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 selene (D. & S.) extreme forms of ab. vanescens Cabeau (Plate 3, Fig. 12) and minor forms of Argynnis ag/aja (L.) and Argynnis adippe (L.) (ex purchased stock). Also a female Melitaea athalia (Rott) ab. corythalia Hiibner from a cold-shocked pupa. The exhibitor’s continued breeding of Aglais urticae (L.) ab. pseudoconnexa Cabeau included examples from heat-shocked pupae combining the ab. conjuncta Meuberg, and a recurrent ‘brown underside form’ combined with ab. semichnusoides. Selective breeding of Euphydryas aurinia (Rott.) included specimens combining ab. atratus Bailey with ab. virgata Tutt. Butler, A.L. - Results of low temperature on the early stages of pupal development. Plehejus argus (L.) ab. latamarginata Tutt, the only specimen to emerge with wider marginal borders, all the other males being type. Another brood produced a range of specimens from ab. privata Courvoisier showing obsolescence of the underside spotting through typical and then to ab. anticoradiata Tutt with extension of the spotting. Polyommatus icarus (Rott.), a male ab. albescens Tutt + obsoleta Gillmer and a female ab. obsoleta-postextensa Tutt (Plate 3, Fig. 1) both from spring broods originating from Northamptonshire. Polyommatus bellargus (Rott.), a second brood male with a series of black terminal spots to the forewings, this form has never been encountered before in similarly treated pupae and the exhibitor believes that the pupal cooling may not be responsible. Two specimens of Polyommatus icarus (Rott.) ab. anticodescreta Tutt were also exhibited that occurred naturally in a brood of 10 untreated pupae. These were part of a brood of 50, the remaining 40 temperature-treated pupae all emerged as types. Fensome, B. - Butterflies reared from chilled pupae. Harmer, A.S. - The results of a hybridisation experiment between female Pieris napi adalwinda (Fruhstorfer) from Abisko, Northern Sweden and male P. napi sabellicae (Stephens) from Hampshire, England. Two pairings were obtained in early May. A partial emergence of the Fj stock occurred up to the end of June with the remaining pupae remaining dormant. The initial results have shown a sex ratio imbalance with 53 females to 6 males (ratio 8.9:1). Overall, the Fj generation is similar to sabellicae m size and the males have retained the black forewing spotting. The females exhibit a range of variation in the upper side markings. The most extreme having the forewing submarginal area almost completely blackened, meeting the post-discal spots and the hind wings with broader veins as they approach the margins. Fj pairings were obtained but resulted in 100% mortality, the larvae were small and died either during the act of pupation or shortly after. A further cross will be repeated to determine if this was due to disease or inherited weakness. Colias hyale (L.), five males captured 25 & 28.ix.2006 in a sainfoin field near Wenhaston Suffolk by John Quinn. Over a dozen other males were seen during that week, a further male was seen by the exhibitor at the same site on 13.x. 2006. Colias croceus (Geoffroy), a male and female ab. geisleri Bryk, bred from Portland Dorset. Polyommatus bellargus (Rott.), a male and female with the forewing discal spot white on the underside. Two females with suffused undersides comparable to ab. ultranubila B. & L. of Polyommatus coridon (Poda). All from the Purbecks, Dorset. Nymphalis antiopa (L.), a male captured in Theberton Wood, Suffolk on 5.viii.2006 by John Quinn. One of many seen in East Anglia, in an exceptional year for this migrant. Maniola jurtina (L.), results of breeding from a female ab. fracta Zweigelt on the right hind wing and transitional to fr acta on the left hind wing. The small Fj (< 10) were all type. The F2 of 17 produced typical males and some females with variation from transitional to fracta to transitional to ab. postmultifidus Lipscomb and ab. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 157 postmuitifidus. The small size of the F2 makes it difficult to reach any clear conclusions regarding the genetics. Aphantopus hyperantus (L.) two females ab. lanceolata Shipp + arete Muller bred from Dorset ex Sussex stock. Humphrey, D, - A short but variable series of Melanargia galathea (L.) from Dorset and Wiltshire including one interesting aberration (Plate 3, Fig. 6). Jones, A.M. - An extreme male Argynnis paphia (L.) ab. nigricans Cosmovici, (Plate 3, Fig. 13) and two bilateral gynandromorphs all captured July 2006. The exhibitor noted that 2006 was a very good year for paphia and much time was spent observing them in various localities. In total, three gynandromorphs were seen and several confluent forms as well as examples of Limenitis Camilla (L.) ab. obliteraej nigrina Weymer and Polygonia c-alhum ab. reichstettensis Fettig. Meridith, S.L. - A photographic exhibit containing some very rare butterflies encountered during 2006. The highlight was a perfect bilateral gynandromorph of Argynnis paphia (L.), this was typical male on the right hand side and f. valesina Esper female on the left. It was photographed in Somerset, 17.vii.2006 as it rested on an oak trunk. Another photograph from Surrey of the same species was a female ab. nigricans Cosmovici taken on 8.vii.2006. The following day in the same locality a specimen of Limenitis Camilla (L.) ab. obliterae Robson & Gardner was also photographed. Oram, D.A. - Polygonia c-album (L.), an extreme ab. reichstettensis Fettig. (Plate 3, Figs 8 & 9) captured Leatherhead Surrey, 12.vii.2006. Reid, I.G.M. - Gonepteryx rhamni (L.), a female underside with unusual markings to the underside (Plate 3, Fig. 5). This was acquired when a cabinet was bought from Lawrence Sheriff School, Rugby in 2006. The data show it to have been taken by K.Adnett in Whittlebury Wood, Northamptonshire in 1926. Revels, R.C. - Celastrina argiolus (L.), a dark suffused female bred in 2005 from a larva collected in August of that year. Aphantopus hyperantus (L.), extreme examples of ab. lanceolata Shipp, bred in 2006 from stock maintained for several generations. Tebbutt, P. - Polygonia c-album (L.), four examples from stock that experienced very rapid development, a female taken 16.vii.06, first laid ova on 17.vii, larvae were observed on 21.vii, and the first pupae on l.viii, with adults on 8.viii a complete cycle of 22 days, the original female still being alive. Some of this stock was subjected to temperature shock and produced a range of variation from ab. obscura Closs to ab. reichstettensis Fettig and two undersides ab. sagitta-album Frohawk with the white “comets” replacing the normal “comma”. Theda betulae (L.), examples of ab. unistrigata Schultz from single cold shock to the pupae. Also an example with the outer white line absent in its upper half and a female with the upper side orange forewing patch divided by brown veins on the left side. Lycaena phlaeas (L.), a bred male with wide forewing borders, and two females ab. extensa Tutt, with the median forewing spots elongated. Several of these were heat shocked as fresh pupae and these had greatly increased radiation of the spotting, with the upper ones merging with the discal spots, ab. fasciata Strecker (Plate 3, Fig. 3). Anthocharis cardamines (L.), an impressive series of four gynandrmorphs bred from wild stock from the same locality (one reared in 2002). One of these specimens was an almost perfect bilateral gynandromorph with just one short flash of orange male colouration near the female costa. Wild collected specimens included Limenitis Camilla (L.) ab. nigrina Weymer and ab. obliterae Robson & Gardner. Coenonympha pamphilus (L.) ab. biocellata Strand, a pair with white median bands to the hind wings and a male with cinnamon coloured underside hind wings. Aricia agestis (Schiff.) an underside with pale orange 158 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20; 2007 lunules with many spots absent, those remaining being drawn into the discal spot. Thymelicus lineola (Ochs.), a dwarf female with a wingspan of 22mm the only noted aberration amongst hundreds of typical specimens. Tremewan, W.G. Aberrations taken in Cornwall during 2006. A female Colias croceus (Geoffroy) ab. pseudomas Cockerell, the dark borders lacking the usual yellow spots. A small male (wingspan 21mm) Aricia agestis (D. & S.) (Plate 3, Fig. 2) with the normal dark brown colouration replaced by fawn or beige. This is a very rare form with very few individuals recorded from the United Kingdom. A male Polygonia c-cilbum (L.) reared ex larva, with darkened hind wings, the submarginal pale spots in the dark borders reduced to a vestige. A dwarf male (wingspan 42mm) of Argy finis aglqja (L.). A Pararge aegeria (L.) having the spots reduced on the forewings and absent on the hind wings. This is almost identical to the specimen figured by Frohawk in TJfe Complete Book of British Butterflies (1934). British Macrolepidoptera Baker, P.J. - Moths from Devon during 2006 that included an example of Crocallis dardoinaria (Donzel), from Exmouth, 21. ix. (recorder: D. Wall), the first British mainland record of this species that breeds on the Channel Islands. Other immigrant species included Euhlemma purpiirina (D. & S.) (exhibited as E. ostrina). West Hill, 14.x.; Macdiinnoughia confiisa (Steph.), Exmouth, 20-23. ix. (three); and Catocala fraxini (L.), Exmouth, 26. ix. Amongst a number of forms shown was the melanic Acronicta ciceris (L.) ab. infuscata Haw. from West Hill, Devon, 26.vii.2006, with a comment that this was the first record of this variety from the site in ten years. Bland, K.P. - An example of Atolmis rubricollis (L.) seen flying with three other examples of the species between 800 & 1 100 metres a.s.l. on Benn Vorlich, Perthshire, 5.vii.2006. Brown, D.C.G. - Examples of Acherontia atropos (L.), Coverack, Lizard, Cornwall, 23. ix. 2006, and Heliothis nubigera (H.-S.), Charlecote, Warwickshire, 24.vi.2006, the first county record. Butcher, A.G.J. - Moths from the Isle of Grain, Kent in 2006, including Pelosia obtusa (H.-S.), 3.vii (first Kent record); Arctia villica (L.) ab. wordi Mathew, 16.vi. (Plate ); and Agrotis puta (Hb.), two gynandromorphs, 19.v. & 29.vii (Plate 4, Fig. 1). Also exhibited were examples of Eublemma purpurina (D. & S.), from High Halstow, Kent, 14.x. 2005 (first Kent record); and Pechipogo plumigeralis (Hb.), one of two recorded. New Romney, 23. ix. 2006 (see also T. Rouse exhibit). Butter, P. - Species recorded from the Butterfly Conservation Reserve at Alners Gorse, Dorset, during eleven visits to the site 2005-2006 (specimens shown not necessarily those caught on the site). The most interesting of these were Cyclophora pendularia (CL), Conistra rubiginea (D. & S.), Ipimorpha retusa (L.), and a striking, probably unique aberration of Noki cucullateUa (L.) (gen. det. P.H. Sterling) (Plate 4, Fig. 11). Clancy, S.P. - An exhibit comprised mainly of moths from the Dungeness area, E. Kent in 2006, which included the third British record of Chiasmia aestimaria (Hb.) from Greatstone, 7.viii.2006, and the first Kent record of Leucochlaena oditis (Hb.) from Dungeness, 8.x. 2006. Other immigrant moths exhibited from VC 15 in 2006 included: Hippotion celerio (L.), Dungeness, 27.x.; Utetheisa pulchella (L.), Dungeness, 26.x.; Proxenus hospes (Frey.), Lydd-on-Sea, 3.ix.; Eublemma ostrina (Hb.), Dungeness, 6.ix.; Heliothis nubigera (H.-S.), Dymchurch, l.vi. & New Romney, 13.vi.; Acontia lucida (Hufn.), Lydd-on-Sea, 30.vii. & Greatstone, 8.viii.; Catocala fraxini (L.), Dungeness, 4.ix.; Dysgonia algira (L.), Littlestone, 12. ix. & BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 159 Lydd-on-Sea, 28. ix.; and Pechipogo piumigeralis (Hb.), two of the five examples taken in the area during 2006. Also shown were two examples of Cyclophora ruficiliaria (H.-S.) on behalf of the captor G. Davis from Maenporth, W. Cornwall on 21.vii. & 6.ix.2006, the first VCl records. Aberrations taken in 2006 included an obsolete form of Xanthorhoe fiuctuata (L.), New Romney, S.vii.; Spilosoma luteiim (Hufn.) ab. totinigra Seitz, New Romney, 28. vi. (Plate 4, Fig. 2) and Cosmia trapezina (L.) ab. badiofasciata Teich, Littlestone, 16.vii. (Plate 4, Fig. 5). Clarke, J.H. - Two immaculate exhibits of species recorded in 2006, one solely comprised of specimens taken in Ireland during August that included local forms of the following: Thera juniperata (L.), ex. larvae, Burren, lO.viii.; Selidosema brunnearia (VilL), Goleen, Cork, 14.viii.; Euxoa tritici (L.), Dingle, Kerry, lO.viii.; Aporophyla luenubergensis (Frey.), Burren, 18.viii.; Antitype chi (L.), Burren, 18.viii.; MesoUgia furuncula (D.&S.), Dingle, Kerry, lO.viii.; and Luperina nickerlii knilli (Bours.), Dingle, Kerry, 10 & ll.viii. In the exhibitor’s other display case, a selection of interesting species recorded in 2006 from wide-ranging localities included: Cyclophora puppillaria (Hb.), specimens from Lydd, Kent, 23. ix., Dungeness, Kent, 24. ix., & Crawley Down, Sussex, 29.x.; Semiothisa signaria (Hb.), near Canterbury, Kent, 2.vii.; Mythimna loreyi (Dup.), Annandale, Dumfrieshire, 10.x.; Dryobota labecida (Esp.), Swanage, Dorset, 28.x.; Colocasia coryli (L.), of the suffused ab. melanotica Haver., Chilterns, 6.v.; Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esp.), Dungeness, Kent, 24.ix.; and the second county record of Hypena obsitalis (Hb.), Worthing, West Sussex, 26. ix. Also shown were adult examples of several species bred from larvae found during the 2006 season: Cyclophora pendularia (Clerck), Holt Heath, Dorset; Catarhoe cnculata (Hufn.), Plymouth, Devon; Thera cupressata (Geyer), Lymington, Hampshire; and Eupithecia denotata denotata (Hb.), Wrotham, Kent. Cook, R.R. - Some moths taken or reared from the Shetlands in 2005 and 2006, including: Hepialus fusconebulosa ab. shetlandicus Viette, Muckle Roe, vii.2006; Xanthorhoe decoloraria hethlandica (Prout), Muckle Roe, 2005 & 2006; Xanthorhoe montanata shetlandica (Weir), Burn of Valayre and Muckle Roe, vii.2006; Camptogramma bilineata atlantica Stdgr., Brig, Collafirth, vii.06; Chloroclysta citrata pythonissata (Mill.), Burn of Valayre and Muckle Roe, viii.2005; Standfussiana lucernea (L.), Muckle Roe, vii.2006; Paradiarsia glareosa f. edda Stdgr., Burn of Valayre and Muckle Roe, viii.05; Diarsia mendica thulei (Stdgr.), Muckle Roe, vii.06; and Apamea zeta marmorata (Zett.), Burn of Poundswater, Hanar, vii.2006. Dawson, J.R. - A specimen of Cyclophora puppillaria (Hb.), recorded at Trumpington, Cambridge, 9.x. 2006 (recorder: H.A. Slatter). Deans, M. - Moths from Suffolk in 2006 including: Xanthorhoe biriviata (Borkh.), Bawdsey, 4.vii.; Costaconvexa polygrammata (Borkh.), Bawdsey, IT.vii, third county record; Peribatodes secundaria (Esp.), Bawdsey, 4.vii., third county record; Hyles euphorbiae (L.), Rendham, 16.viii.; Pelosia muscerda (Hufn.), Bawdsey, 16.vii; Edema pygmaeola pygmaeola (Doubl.), Bawdsey, 18.vii; Lithosia cjuadra (L.), Bawdsey, 15.ix.; Nola aerugula (Hb.), Dunwich Heath, 20.vii (recorder: C. Moore); Actebia praecox (L.), Dunwich Heath, 20.vii (recorder: C. Moore), first county record since 1923; Noctua janthina (D. & S.), Bawdsey, 25.vii.; Eurois occulta (L.), Bawdsey, IS.viii.; Hecatera dysodea (D. & S.), Woolpit, 12.ix (recorder: P. Bryant), first modern county record; Mythimna loreyi (Dup.), Bawdsey, 24.viii., second county record; Conistra erythrocephala (D.&S.), Bawdsey, 12.x., third county record; Sedina buettneri (Hering), Rendham, 23. ix., new to Suffolk; Platyperigea kadenii (Frey.), Bawdsey, 16.x.; Proxenus hospes (Frey.), Bawdsey, 16.ix., second county record; Eublemma purpurina (D.&S.), Bawdsey, 2 Fix., new to Suffolk; 160 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esp.), Bawdsey, 19.x.; and Syngrapha interrogationis (L.), Bawdsey, 13.viii. Dickson, R.J. - Three specimens recorded at light from the same locality at Funtley, near Fareham (VCll) in 2006; recorded by K. Wheeler (per M. Opie): Utetheisa pulchella (F.), 24.ix.2006; Discestra trifolii (Hufn.), an unnamed variety, 17.vii.2006; Heliothis nuhigera (H.-S.), 26. v. 2006. Dobson, A.H. - Moths caught in 2006, including examples of Thera ciipressata (Geyer) from Starcross, S. Devon (a new site), 9/ 12.x., and Lithosia quadra (F.) from the same site, 3.viii. Other species exhibited included Eurois occulta (L.), Basingstoke, N. Flampshire, 6.viii; two clearwing species attracted to pheromone lures in N. Hampshire {Synauthedon myopaeformis (Borkh.), Rotherwick, ll.vii, and S. formicaeformis (Esp.), Abbotsworthy, 21.vii); and Helicoverpa armigera (Hb.), reared from larva in supermarket runner beans from Kenya, purchased in Basingstoke, 14.vi. Hall, N.M. - A selection of species recorded during the 2006 season that included: Drcpana curvatula (Borkh.), Hastings Country Park, E. Sussex, ll.vi.; Orthonama obstipata (Fabr.), Earley, Berkshire, 17.x.; Xanthorhoe biriviata (Borkh.), Earley, Berkshire, IS.vii.; Hyles livornica (Esp.), Hastings Country Park, E. Sussex, 19.viii.; Xestia triangulum (Hufn.), Earley, Berkshire, 17.vii., an aberration with atypical forewing markings; and Hecatera dysodea (D. & S.), Earley, Berkshire, 28.vii. Halsey, J. Species of interest from Bonchurch, Isle of Wight in 2006 that included: Cyclophora piippUlaria (Hb.), 19.viii. (five recorded during the year); Thaumetopoea processionea (L.), 19.viii.; Noctua janthma (D. & S.), 26.vii. (first VC 10 record); Eurois occulta (L.), S.viii. (three recorded during year); Proxenus hospes (Frey.), 19.viii. (first VCIO record); Eublemma parva (Hb.), 20. vi.; and Catocala fraxini (L.), 16.ix. Among the aberrations shown were dwarf examples of Opisthograptis luteo/ata (L.), Pyrrhki umbra (Hufn.), and Autographa gamma (L.); plus striking forms of Scapula marginepunctata (Goeze), 17.viii., and Gymnoscelis rufifasciata (Haw.), 26. iv.; the latter selected for photography but sadly never arriving at the photographer’s table. Harman, T.W. - A selection of species from Turville Heath, Buckinghamshire in 2006 that included a bilateral gynandromorph Ennomos quercinaria (Hufn.) taken on 28.vii. (Plate 4, Fig. 10). Also shown from the same site were examples of Hecatera dysodea (D. &S.), 16. ix.; Helicoverpa armigera (Hb.), 16. ix.; Lithosia quadra (L.), 28. ix (two); Mythimna vitellina (Hb.), lO.ix.; Spodoptera exigua (Hb.), viii. (three); and Hypena crassalis (Fabr.), 23. vi. Other specimens in the exhibit included examples of Thera cupressata (Geyer), Eythorne, Dover, Kent, 24.ix.2006; Selenia lunularia (Hb.), Three Oaks, Hastings, E. Sussex, 1. viii. 2006; Agrius convolvuli (L.), Kingsdown, Kent, 23. ix. 2006, and Eythorne, Kent, 24. ix. 2006; Calophasia lunula (Hufn.), bred from larvae, Broadstairs, Kent, 13.V.2006; and Cryphia algae (Fabr.), two examples from Three Oaks, Hastings, E. Sussex, 26.vii.2006. Hart, C. - An exhibit featuring two scarce immigrant species recorded in 2006: Deltote deceptoria (Scop.), Rewell Wood, Arundel, West Sussex, 10. vi. (eighteenth British record); and Agrotis crassa (Hb.), Buckland, Surrey, l.viii (first county record). A list of the previous British records of D. deceptoria was also provided showing how rare this species had become in recent years and that the 2006 record was only the second in a twenty year period. Hayward, R. - An exhibit mainly comprised of moths recorded from VC24 during 2006, these including examples of Mythimna albipuncta (D.&S.), Slough, Bucks., 26.viii.; Heliothis peltigera (D.&S.), Slough, Bucks., 24.vii.; Pyrrhia umbra BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 161 (Hb.), Slough, Bucks., 27.vi.; and Trichoplusia ni (Hb.), Slough, Bucks., 27.vii. Immigrant specimens of Lithosia quadra (L.) from Wokingham, Berks., 24.ix.2006; and Mythimna vitellina (Hb.) from Gillingham, Dorset, 28.x. 2006 were also included. A number of atypical forms were also shown, the most unusual of these including an example of Timandra comae (Schmidt) with extensive pinkish suffusion in the terminal wing areas, Slough, Bucks., 27.vii.2006; Charanyca trigrammica (Hufn.) exhibiting strongly suffused basal and terminal areas to the forewing. Black Park, Bucks., 26.V.2005; and a leucistic specimen of Autographa gamma (L.), Slough, Bucks., 5.viii.2006. Henwood, B.P. - Species recorded in Devon during 2006: Cyclophora pendularia (Cl.), bred from larvae beaten from Salix aurita at an unspecified locality, 3.ix.; Hyphoraia testudinaria (Geoff.), Abbotskerswell, 12.vi., the second British and first county record; Cryphia algae (Fabr.), Torquay, 9.viii., the third county record; Proxenus hospes (Frey.), Abbotskerswell, 20.viii., the first county record; and Macdunnoughia confusa (Steph.), Abbotskerswell, 24.ix. Higgs, G. - An extreme aberration of Idaea aversata (L.) taken at Willen, Milton Keynes, Bucks., no date given (Plate 4, Fig. 13). Honey, M.R. - A selection of moths taken during 2006 at the London Wetland Centre, Barnes, Surrey, these including examples of Eumichtis lichenea (Hb.), Eublemma parva (Hb.), Earias clorana (L.), and Macdunnoughia confusa (Steph.) (third Surrey record). Also exhibited were several examples of Thaumetopoea processionea (L.) originating from an accidental introduction of the early stages of this species into the London area. Jenkins, A. - Moths from Chardstock, Devon, in 2006: Rhodometra sacraria (L.), 26. viii, a form showing pink striations; Hyles iivornica (Esp.), 11. vi, 16.ix.; and Trichoplusia ni (Hb.), 26.vii., 6.viii., 22.viii., 21.x. Moths from Covert Wood, near Canterbury, Kent on 29. vi. 2006: Hydrelia sylvata (D. & S.) ab. goodwini Bankes; Macaria signaria (Hb.), 100+ seen; and Paradarisa consonaria (Hb.) f. nigra Bankes. Also exhibited were examples of Conistra erythrocephala (D. & S.), Durlston, Dorset, 27. x. 2006; and Heliothis viriplaca (Hufn.), Wicken, Cambs., 27. vi. 2006. Kennard, a. - a selection of species recorded from Uplyme, Devon that included the following immigrant species: Costaconvexa polygrammata (Borkh.), 27.iii.2005 (the earliest British example); Trachea atriplicis (L.), 27. vi. 2006; Catocala fraxini (L.), 28. ix. 2004 (first Devon record since 1895); and Trichoplusia ni (Hb.), 3. & 28.viii.2006. An Ochropleura spp. recorded from the same site on 5.ix.2005 and exhibited as O. leucogaster (Frey.) was in fact an example of the resident O. plecta (L.). Knill-Jones, S.A. - An impressive selection of immigrant species recorded at Totland, Isle of Wight during the 2006 season, these including the first British specimen of Aedia leucomelas (L.) taken on 11. ix. (Plate 4, Fig. 4). Of the other immigrant species shown, the most significant were examples of Cyclophora puppillaria (Hb.), 17.x.; Eurois occulta (L.), two on S.viii.; Trigonophora fiammea, 24.x.; Eublemma parva (Hb.), 7.viii.; Catocala fraxini (L.), 15.ix.; and Dysgonia algira (L.), 12.ix. An example of the tropical species Antichloris eriphia (Fabr.) was also shown that had been bred from a pupa found in supermarket bananas from Columbia (by D. Dana), purchased in Lake, Isle of Wight, 5.ii.2006. A number of unusual varieties were shown that included dwarf examples of Apeira syringaria (L.), Totland, 4.vii., and Nola confusalis (H.-S.), Totland, ll.v. Masters, I.D. - An exhibit showing several species recorded from Owlsmoor, Sandhurst, Berkshire, during 2006. The most significant of these were examples of Idaea rusticata atrosignaria Lempke, 25. vi. & 7.vii. (a recent colonist in VC22); Agrius convolvuli (L.), 20.x. (found by day); and Edema caniola (Hb.), 26.vii. (a 162 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 possible vagrant or indicator of range spread from recently established breeding populations in south-east England). Also exhibited were examples of Helicoverpa armigera (Hb.), three of which were recorded by the exhibitor at Middleton-on-Sea, W. Sussex on 25.viii.2006. McCormick, R.F. - An exhibit showing species of interest recorded in Devon, mainly during 2006, although the specimens shown were not necessarily those recorded during the 2006 season. Species exhibited included the following: Cyclophora pendularia (CL), records relating to the first confirmed breeding in the county near Hatherleigh; Cyclophora puppillaria (Hb.), Teignmouth, 27.viii.2006, the first county record since 1995; Costaconvexa polygrammata (Borkh.), Teignmouth, 12.vi.2006, the third county record; Eupithecia ultimaria (Boisd.), two bred from larvae beaten between Holcombe and Teignmouth, 2.viii.2006, the first confirmed breeding in the county; Acherontia atropos (L.), three adults reported in the county during 2006: Torquay, 20.viii., Plymouth, 29. ix., and Woodbury Salterton, 23.x. (recorder: M. Meehan); Diarsia dahlii (Hb.), the first confirmed county record, Watersmeet, 23. ix. 2006 (recorder: D. Pauli); Dryohota labecula (Esp.), Holcombe, 9.xii.2005, the first county record; Cryphia algae (Fab.), three records during 2006, from Torquay, 4, 5 & 9.viii., the first county records; Platyperigea kadenii (Frey.), the first county record from Uplyme, 14.x. 2005, with a further three in 2006; Proxenus hospes (Frey.), the first two county records in 2006: Abbotskerswell, 20.viii. (recorder: B. P. Henwood; see Henwood exhibit), and Teignmouth, 22.viii.; Catocala fraxini (F.), Exmouth, 26. ix. 2006 (recorder: D. Wall). Other 2006 records from Devon mentioned where vouchers were not exhibited: Crocallis dardoinaria (Donzel), Exmouth, 2 Fix. (recorder D. Wall; see P. J. Baker exhibit); and Hyphoraia testudinaria (Geoff.), Abbotskerswell, 12.vi. (recorder: B. P. Henwood; see Henwood exhibit). Species shown that were recorded outside Devon in 2006 included Zygaena loti scotica (Rowland-Brown) from Foch Scridian, Isle of Mull, Scotland, 25. vi., including a dwarf form; Rheumaptera hastata nigrescens (Prout) Rannoch Moor, Inv., 27. vi.; Minoa murinata (Scop.) Stubhampton Bottom, Dorset, 31.v.; Orthosia opima (Hb.) Fontmel Down, Dorset, 6.V.; Cryphia algae (Fabr.) from an unspecified locality in Kent, 24.vii.; and Hyppa rectilinea (Esp.) Portree, Isle of Skye, 28.vi. Meredith, S.F. - A photograph of an adult Synanthedon scoliaeformis (Borkh.) from Cannock Chase, Staffordshire, where the exhibitor recorded an adult and exuviae on 18.vi.2006, and three adults to a pheromone lure on l.vii.2006. Merrifield, R. & K. - Species recorded during 2006: Synanthedon vespiformis (F.), Pitstone Fen, near Tring, Bucks., 12.vi.2006; larvae of Calophasia lunula (Hufn.) feeding on Linaria purpurea in exhibitors' front garden at Eastcote, Middlesex, in August. Owen, J. - Moths from the exhibitor’s garden near Dymchurch, E. Kent in 2006: Cyclophora puppillaria (Hb.), 24.ix. & 26.x. (first site records); Eurois occulta (F.), two of five records during August; Proxenus hospes (Frey.), 21. & 23.viii.; and Eublemma ostrina (Hb.), 30.ix. (first site record). The exhibitor also listed four additional species added to his garden list in 2006, bringing the total number of macromoth species recorded from the site to the prodigious total of 503 since recording began in 1974. Parsons, M.S. - Moths recorded from Dorset: Costaconvexa polygrammata (Borkh.), a female example from Walditch, 10.vi.2006, plus captive bred progeny; Lacanobia splendens (Hb.), Walditch, 21.vii.2006; Dryobota labecula (Esp.), Durlston, 2.xi.2005; Platyperigea kadenii (Frey.), Walditch, 27. ix. 2006. Also an example of Cryphia algae (Fabr.) taken at light on the roof of the Palace of Westminster, Middlesex, 10.vii.2006, indicating this species is resident at a number of sites in central Fondon. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 163 Phillips, J.W. - A selection of moths recorded in 2006 including: Coenocalpe lapidata (Hb.), Rannoch Station, Perthshire, ix., several miles away from its nearest known colony; Hylaea fasciaria (L.), ab. prasinaria D.&S., Northney, Hayling Island, Hampshire, lO.vi.; Noctua janthina, Sandy Point, Hayling Island, Hampshire, this species ‘well-recorded’ from the southern part of the island; Mythimna putrescens (Hb.), Northney, Hayling Island, Hampshire, 27.vii., second county record; Moma alpium (Osb.), Rewell Wood, Arundel, W. Sussex, 18.vi.; and Cryphia algae (Fabr.), Northney, Hayling Island, Hampshire, twelve recorded during the year and apparently established throughout the island. Also shown were examples of Lasiocampa trifoUi (D. & S.) from Hayling Island, Hampshire, alongside specimens from Kent and Cornwall for comparison. Pickles, A.J. - An adventive example of Chrysodeixis eriosoma (Doubl.), the first of this species in Britain (Plate 4, Fig. 6). The specimen was bred from cut flowers purchased in Brockenhurst, Hampshire, emerging l.xi.2002; and exhibited in error as C. acuta (Walk.) at the B.E.N.H.S Annual Exhibition in 2002. Also shown was an example of Earias clorana (L.) ab. fiavimargo de Joannis, taken at Lymington, Hampshire, 8.viii.2006. The exhibitor was of the opinion that this specimen was an immigrant, as it arrived with known immigrant species and there were no previous records of the species from the site. Plant, C.W. - An exhibit flagging up the possibility of overlooking British specimens of the continental species Horisme radicaria (La Harpe) amongst populations of the resident Horisme tersata (D.&S.). Continental examples of both species and additional British examples of H. tersata were shown to illustrate the similarities between different geographical forms of these two congeners. Platts, J. - A male example of Notodonta tritophus (D. & S.) from Kingsdown, Kent, 26.vii.2006; and a striking aberration of Arctia caja (L.) from Walberswick, Suffolk, 19.vii.2006. Reid, I.G.M. - Examples of Cyclophora puppillaria (Hb.), Rugby, Warwickshire, 29.x. 2006 (recorder: P. Nicholas), and Hecatera dysodea (D. & S.), Rugby, Warwickshire, viii. & ix.2006 (recorders: I.G.M. Reid, D.I. Porter), the first county records of the latter species. Reid, J. - Immigrant species recorded from north Hertfordshire and south Cambridgeshire during 2006, with a comment that the numbers of migrants recorded by the exhibitor in 2006 from this inland area 100 miles to the north of the south coast had surpassed the total recorded over the previous thirty years. Records from this area included Acherontia atropos (L.), Royston, Herts., 12.ix.; Agrius convolvuli (L.), Sandon, Herts., 16.ix., Meldreth, Cambs., 23. ix., & Luffenhall, Herts., 24. ix.; Lithosia quadra (L.), Reed, Herts., 6.vii.; and Trichoplusia ni (Hb.), Meldreth, Cambs., 22.vii. Also shown was an example of Mimas tiliae (L.) f. brunnea Bartel, from Meldreth, Cambs. on ll.v.2006. Records of immigrant species recorded from visits to Dorset and Somerset were also given, the most significant of these relating to records of Acherontia atropos (L.), Charmouth, Dorset, 26. viii. 2006; and Trichoplusia ni (Hb.), Crewkerne, Somerset, 26.vi.2006. Rouse, T. ~ A number of interesting immigrants from VC 15 in 2006 that included the second British record of Callopistria latreillei (Dup.), from Dover, 27.x. (Plate 4, Figs 8 & 9). Other notable immigrant species that were shown included Eurois occulta (L.), Densole, 5., 7. & 21. viii.; Conistra erythrocephala (D.&S.), Densole, 17.x.; Eublemma ostrina (Hb.), Dover, 27.x.; and Pechipogo plumigeralis (Hb.), one of two recorded. New Romney, 23. ix. (see also A. Butcher exhibit). Also shown were captive bred second-brood specimens of Sabra harpagula (Esper) and Hemaris tityus 164 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 (L.), plus an example of Hyles gallii (Rott.) reared from one of three larvae found at an unspecified locality in Kent on 23.vii.2006. SCANES, J. - Two exhibits, the hrst showing species taken or reared from the Shetlands in 2005 and 2006, including: Hepialus fusconebulosa ab. shetlandicus Viette, Muckle Roe and Burn of Valayre, vii.2006; Xanthorhoe decoloraria hethlandica (Prout), widespread, 2005 & 2006; Xanthorhoe montanata shetlandica (Weir), widespread, vii.2006; Camptogramma hilineata atUmtica Stdgr., Brig, Collafirth & Muckle Roe, vii.06; Chloroclysta citrata pythonissata (Mill.), Burn of Valayre, viii.2005 & vii.2006; Eupithecia satyrata curzoni (Gregs.), bred from larvae collected, Urafirth, viii.2005.; Standfussiana lucernea (L.), dark form. Little Ayre, Muckle Roe, vii.2006; Lycophotia porphyrea (D. & S.), widespread, vii.2006, a high proportion of ab. snffusa Tutt; Paradiarsia glareosa f. edda Stdgr., most common at Burn of Valayre, near Brae, viii.05, where this form was predominant; Diarsia mendica thulei (Stdgr.), widespread, viii.05 & vii.06; and Apaniea zeta marmorata (Zett.), Burn of Poundswater, Hanar, vii.2006. The second exhibit was comprised of moths taken in the exhibitor’s garden at Bexhill, E. Sussex during 2006 and included the hrst British example of Catephia alchymista (D.&S.) in over forty years, taken on 26.viii. Additional species of interest included: Lithosia quadra (L.), 25. ix.; Noctua janthina (D.&S.), 26.vii.-8.viii. (six); Enrols occulta (L.), T.viii. (two); Mythimna loreyi (Dup.), 28.x.; Cryphia algae (Fabr.), 30.vii. (two) & 5.viii.; and Pechipogo plumigeralis (Hb.), 12.x. Sherman, N. - A selection of moths taken at a garden site in Ipswich, Suffolk, including: Cepphis advenaria (Hb.), 12.vi. (new to Suffolk); Noctua janthina (D. &S.), 23.vii.; Eurois occulta (L.), 16.viii. (two), IT.viii.; Hclicoverpa armigera (Hb.), IT.viii.; and Archanara neurica (Hb.), 20.vii. (hrst record from the area). Skinner, B.F. Agrotis exclaniationis (L.), Addington, Surrey, 20. vi. 2006, a bilateral gynandromorph (Plate 4, Fig. 7). WlNOKUR, L. - A selection of moths from Hampshire in 2006 that included examples of Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkh.) attracted to a pheromone lure at Shirley, Southampton, 12.vi.; Xylena vetusta (Hb.), Micheldever, 13.ii.; and a second brood specimen of Edema depressa (Esp.), Micheldever, 18.x., late examples of this species occurring with increasing frequency in southern England in recent years. Young, D. - Moths taken in 2006, including: Xestia rhomboidea (Esp.) and an aberrant Lomaspilis marginata (L.), E. Suffolk; Hclicoverpa armigera (Hb.) and Celaena leucostigma scotica (Cock.) from Loch Rannoch, Perthshire, ix. Also shown from the latter site was Coenocalpe lapidata (Hb.), along with a comment that males of this species were recorded in good numbers at light after midnight, 9-1 5. ix. British Microlepidoptera Agassiz, D.J.L. - A display of microlepidoptera to illustrate the problems that can be caused by naphthalene, if this evaporates and then re-condenses on the specimens, where it can form huge growths enveloping the moths. Baker, P.J. - Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup.) 15.ix.05, Uresiphita polygonalis (D. &S.) and Euchromius ocellea (Haw.) both 23.ix.06, all found at West Hill (VC3), during a period of migrant activity. Dioryctria sylvestrella newly recognised at West Hill, although actually first found in 2003. Beaumont, H.E. - Bacotia sepium (Spey) and Platyptilia calodactyla (D.&S.), both new to West Suffolk in July 2006 (VC 26). A series of moths either new to Yorkshire or previously rarely seen there: Argyresthia cupressella Wals., Pontefract 19.vi.06, Idle 4.vii.06 and Tadcaster 16.vi.06 (new to VCs 63 and 64); Oegoconia BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 165 quadripuncta (Haw.) Tadcaster 20.vii.06 (new to VC 64); Eucosmomorpha albersana (Hiibn.), Bawtrey Forest 3.vi.06 (scarce in VC 63); Ancylis upupana (Treits.) Bawtrey Forest 3.vi.06 (new to VC 63); Epiblema grandaevana (Lien. & Zell.) Marske 17.vi.06 (first modern record for VC 62); and Pammene obscurana (Steph.), Bawtrey Forest 3.vi.06 (first modern records for VC 63). Beavan, S.D. - Celypha aurofasciana (Haw.) from Waterleat 4.vii.06 (VC 3) and a series of species from Higher Nichols Nymett (VC 4) at various dates, namely Crocidosema plebejana (Zell., Eucosma tripoliana (Barrett) and Agriphila latistria (Haw.). Beavan, S.D. & Heckford, R.J. - Coleophora salicorniae Hein. & Wocke, Instow Barton 5.viii.06 and Ancylis oblitella (Zell.), Instow Barton 18.viii.06 (both new to VC 4). Bland, K.P. - Phyllocnistis unipunctella (Steph.), Blackford (VC 83) 29.vi.06, new to Scotland; Rhopobota stagnana (D. &S.) Glen Lui (VC 92) 7.vi.06, scarce species; Cciryocolum blandella (Dougl.) Taynish vi.06, (new to VC 101); Udea uliginosalis (Steph.) and Eana osseana (Scop.) both bred from assorted herbs at Cairnwell, collected 3. vi.06. Possibly first rearing of U. uliginosalis. Eucosma obumbratana (Lien. & Zell.) reared from seedheads of Sonclms arvensis from Luffness (new to VC 82). Butcher, A.G.J. - Three scarce species from Kent (VC 15) namely Lampronia flavimitrella (Hiibn.) Reinden 4. vi.06, Catoptria verellus (Zinck.) Barham 9.vii.06 and Sciota adelphella (F. von R.) Grain 4.vii.06. Clancy, S. - Glyphipterix schoenicolella Boyd, Barren, Eire viii.06. Four species bred from VC 96, Denisia similella (Hiibn.) Abernethy, larvae collected from dead pine 13.iv.06, Olethreutes mygindiana (D.&S.) Newtonmore, larvae collected 14.iv.06 from Vaccinium vitis-idaea, O. arbutella (L.) Newtonmore, larvae collected 14.iv.06 from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Retinia resinella (L.) Abernethy, larvae collected 13.iv.06 from galls on Pinus sylvestris. A number of scarce and migrant species from Kent. Argyresthia cupressella Wals. from Kingsdown (VC 15) 21. vi.06 by N. Jarman, new to VC; Yponomeuta irrorella (Hubn.) New Romney (VC 15) 19.vii.06; Bisigna procerella (D.&S.) West Hythe (VC 15) 20.vii.06; Esperia oliviella (Fabr.) Chartham Hatch (VC 15) 17.vi.06; Anarsia lineatella Zell. West Hythe (VC 15) 25.vii.06; Acleris umbrana (Hiibn.) Brede (VC 14) collected by D. Burrows 17.x. 06; Cydia amplana (Hiibn.) Lydd (VC 15) 23. viii.06; Haimbacliia cicatricella (Hiibn.) Greatstone (VC 15) 19.vii 06; Crambus silvella (Hubn.) New Romney (VC 15) 29. vi.06; Catoptria verellus (Zinck.) Lydd and Littlestone (VC 15) 2.vii.06; Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup.) Dungeness (VC 15) ix.06; Diasemiopsis ramburalis (Dup.) Kingsdown and Lydd-on-sea (VC 15) x.06; Spoladea reeurvalis (Fabr.) Kingsdown (VC 15) collected by N. Jarman 2 1.x. 06; Herpetogramnia liearsisalis (Walker) Lydd (VC 15) lLx.06, as the first Kent and fourth British specimen; an asymmetric specimen of Hypsopygia costalis (Fabr.) New Romney (VC 15) 15. ix.06; Aglossa caprealis (Hiibn.) Kingsdown (VC 15) collected by N. Jarman 17.vii.06; Sciota rhenella (Zinck.) St Margaret’s Bay (VC 15) collected by A. Morris 8.vii.06 and identity confirmed by genitalia dissection by M. Parsons and D.J.L. Agassiz, the second UK record of this species; Cnaemidophorus rhododactylus (Schiff.) New Romney and Kingsdown (VC 15) 5.vii.06. Collins, G.A. - Coleophora calycotomella Staint. New to Britain. Cases have been found on Broom in west Surrey (VC 17) but the life cycle remains to be clarified in Britain. Dawson, J.R. - Five species new to Cambridgeshire, VC 29. Morophaga choragella (D.&S.) Fulbourn 2Lvii.l998 and two further examples from Fleam 166 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Dyke 18.vii.03 and Boxworth 2.viii.04; Cedestis gysseleniella (Zell.) Adams Road Sanctuary, Cambridge 23.vi.06; Cosmopterix scribaiella Zell. Chippenham Fen 24.vi.06 (with I. Barton); Crocidosema plebejana Zell. Fulbourn 23.ix.()6; and Palpita vitrealis (Rossi) Witcham, near Ely 16.ix.06 collected by D. Hopkins, Deans, M. - A series of Pyralidae taken in East Suffolk (VC 25) in 2006. Euchromius ocellea (Haw.) Bawdsey 29.ix.06; Evergestis limbata (L.) Bawdsey 23.vi.06; Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup.) Dunwich Heath 14.ix.06, collected by C. Moore, and Bawdsey 15.ix.06, all three species new VC records; Diasemiopsis ramburialis (Dup.) Dunwich Heath 13.x. 06 collected by C. C. Moore; Palpita vitrealis (Rossi) Bawdsey 24.ix.06; Oncocera semirubella (Scop.) Bawdsey 2 Fix. 06; Sciota adelphella (F. von R.) Bawdsey 2.vii.06; and Ancylosis oblitella (Zeller) Bawdsey 7.viii.06. Dickson, R.J. - Duponchelia fovealis Zell, caught at Bartley, S. Hants (VC 11) 24.ii.06 and Evergestis limbata (L.) Nutbourne, W. Sussex (VC 13) 8.vii.06. Elliott, B. - A variety of species recorded in 2006. Atemelia torquatella (Lien. & Zell.) Coylumbridge (VC 96) early vi.06; Prolita sexpimctella (Fabr.) Braemar (VC 92) 5. vi.06; Prolita solutella (Zell.) Braemar (VC 92) 5. vi.06; Denisia simileila (Hiibn.) The Dukeries, Notts (VC 56) 27. vi.06; Chrysoclista linneella (Clerck) The Dukeries (VC 56) 27. vi.06; Depressaria sordidatella Tengstr. Tilshead, Wilts (VC 8) larvae collected early vi.06; Ancylis paludana (Barrett) Wicken Fen (VC 29) larvae collected 4.vii.06; Coleophora lithargyrinella Zell. Odiham Common, Hants (VC 12) cases collected early iv.06; Sorhagenia rhamniella (Zell.) Stockbridge Down, Hants (VC 11) larvae collected 13.V.06; Teleiodes fiavimaculella (Herr.-Schaff.) Rewell Wood, W. Sussex (VC 13) vii.06; Celypha roseana (Schlager.) Rewell Wood vii.06. Finch, G. & A. - A herbarium of leaf mines and various adult moths. Celypha rivulana (Scop.) Longleat, Wilts (VC 8) 28.vi.05; Parornix scoticella (Staint.) Woodhouse Eaves, Leics (VC 55) larvae collected 8.x. 05; Epinotia macidana (Fabr.) Pickworth Great Wood (VC 55) 11.x. 05; Pammene argyrana (Hubn.) Chaddesley Wood, Worcs (VC 37) 5. vi.06; Caloptilia populetorum (Zell.) Hazelslade, Staffs (VC 39) 4.viii.06; Calybites phasianipeimella (Hubn.) Hazelslade (VC 39) 4.viii.06; Phyllonorycter maestingella (Muller) Barkstone Wood, Leics (VC 55) mine collected ll.iii.06; Agonopterix angelicella (Hiibn.) Breedon-on-the-Hill (VC 55) larvae collected vi.06; Agapeta zoegana (L.) Shenton Cutting (VC 55) 7. vii.06; Pammene giganteana (Peyer) Oakthorpe (VC 55) 15. iv.06; Aspilapteryx tringipennella (Zell.) Bingham, Notts (VC 56) larvae collected 30. iv.06. Hall, N. - Pedkisia contaminella (Hiibn.) from Dinton Pastures, Berks (VC 22) 23.ix.06. Harman, T.W. - Sitochroa palealis (D.&S.) Turville Heath, Bucks (VC 24) 10. vii.06. Harvey, M.C. - Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zell.) bred from organic onions of uncertain origin x.06; Carpatolechia proximella (Hubn.) Burnham Beeches, Bucks (VC 24) 10. vi.06, possibly 2nd VC record; Rhopobota stagnana (D.&S.) Ellesborough and Kimble Warrens (VC 24) 6.V.06; Trachycera marmorea (Haw.) Brush Hill LNR (VC 24) 6.vii.06. Hart, C. - A display illustrating the difference between Emmelina argoteles (Meyrick) and E. monodactyla (L.). Emmelina argoteles was discovered at Wicken Fen (VC 29) in June 2005 by Jeff Higgott. Heckford, R.J. - The third specimen of Metalampra italica Bald from the exhibitor's garden at Plympton (VC 3) 24,vi.06 and a specimen of the adventive species Stathmopoda auriferella Walker bred on 9. iv.06 from a pomegranate believed to have come from Israel (Plate 4, Fig. 12). A specimen of Spatalistis BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 167 bifasciana (Hubn.) bred 1 .v.06 from a larva in a case made from a fragment of oak leaf, found on a woodland floor in Devon and which fed for a while on dead oak leaves. The life cycle is poorly known in Britain. Specimens of Acleris iimbrana (Hiibn.) from Devon and Cornwall (VC 2) from different dates and of differing sizes, suggesting that the species may be bivoltine in SW Britain, in contrast with what is reported in the literature. A specimen of Celypha aurofasciana (Haw.) from Plympton on 27.vii.06. Henwood, B. - Cydia amplana (Hubn.) from Noss Mayo 12.viii.06 (VC 3) and Peiochrista caecimaculana (Hiibn.) 12.vii.06, Nephopterix angustella (Hiibn.) 4.ix.06, Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup.) 23.ix.06, Aglossa pinguinalis (L.) 3.vii.06 and Ypsolopha honidella (Treits.) 30.vii.06 from Abbotskerswell, Devon (VC 3). Higgott, J. - Specimens of Emmelina monodactyla (L.) to contrast with E. argoteles (Meyrick), discovered by the exhibitor at Wicken Fen (VC 29) (Plate 4, Fig. 16). Honey, M.R. - Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup.) and Crocidosema plebejana (Zell.) from Surrey (VC 17) and a series of specimens from Caithness (VC 109) from early July 06, seven of which are new vice-county records (marked with *); Micropterix calthella (L.)*, Glyphipterix thrasonella (Scop.)*, Coleophora taeniipennella H.-S.*, C. alticolella Zell, Bryotropha terrella (D. & S.), Scrobipalpa nitentella (Fuchs)*, Eupoecilia angustana (Hiibn.), Celypha lacunana (D. &S.), Eiicosma cana (Haw.), Scoparia subfusca Haw.*, Udea olivalis (D. &S.)* and Phycitodes saxicolella (Vaughan)*. Kennard, j. - Species from Uplyme, Devon (VC 3) in 2006; Hellula imdcdis (Fabr.) 9.10.06, Diasemiopsis ramburialis (Dup.) 12.x. 06, Hymenia recurvalis (Fabr.) 12.x. 06, Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup.) and Evergestis pallidata (Hufn.). Knill-Jones, S. - The exhibit included a number of species that are presumed to originate from the Isle of Wight in 2006 (VC 10): Aglossa pinguinalis (L.), Paratalanta hyalinalis (Hiibn.), Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup.), Apomyelois bistriatella (Ragonot), Psammotis pulveralis (Hiibn.), Ancylosis oblitella (Zell.), Platytes alpinella (Hiibn.), Pempeliella dilutella (Haw.), Nephopterix angustella (Hiibn.), Agonopterix ocellana (Fabr.), Sophronia sangiella (Staint.), Nematopogon schwarziellus (Zell.), Cydia fagiglandana (Zell.) and Cochylis molliculana Zell. Leicestershire Museum Service - Three species of leaf-miner, Leucoptera spartifoliella (Hubn.) and Lyonetia clerkella (L.) bred from Elvedon, Suffolk (VC26); Stigmella tityrella (Staint.) from Ulverscroft Leics (VC 55). McCormick, R. - Crambus ericella (Hiibn.) from Rannoch (VC 88) 27.vi.06. A series of interesting species from Devon (VC 3); Cosnwpterix pulcherimella Chambers from Prawle Point larvae collected 5.i.06, Celypha aurofasciana (Haw.) from Noss Mayo 12.viii.06, Calamotropha paludella (Hiibn.) from Kingsteignton 6.viii.06, Platytes alpinella (Hubn.) from Teignmouth 18.vii.06, Sclerocona acutellus (Eversmann) from Woodbury Salterton 9.vi.06, Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup.) from Buckland Abbey 23.ix.06, Pempelia genistella (Dup.) from Bystock 22.vii.06, Epischnia bankesiella Richardson from Prawle Point 4.vii.06, Nephopterix angustella (Hiibn.) from Teignmouth 13.ix.06 and Phycitodes nmritima (Tengst.) from Dawlish Warren larvae on 7.vii.06. Manning, D.V. - an undetermined Phyllonorycter species from Cockayne Hartley, Beds (VC 30), 6-12.viii.06. Masters, I.D. - a specimen of Ethmia bipunctella (Fabr.) at an inland trap at Middleton-on-Sea, Sussex (VC 13) 25.viii.06. Owen, J. - Four species from Dymchurch, Kent (VC 15): Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup.) 13.ix.06, Gymnancyla canella (D.&S.) 22.vii.06, Apomyelois bistriatella (Ragonot) 27.viii,06 and Euzophera cinerosella (Zell.) 8.vii.06. 168 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Parsons, M. - Zeller ia oleastrella (Milliere) from Shaggs (new to Britain) 20.vi.06, Eiichromius ocellea (Haw.) from Walditch 13.ix.06, Evergestis limbata (L.) from Shaggs 20.vii.06, Uresiphita polygomilis (D.&S.) 28.x. 05, Antigastra catalaimalis (Dup.) 21.ix.06, both Walditch and Asscira terehrella (Zinck.) from Wareham Forest 3.vii.06 (all VC 3). Ancylis tineana (Htibn.) from Whixall Moss, Salop emerged 29. hi. 06 (VC 40), new to England. Pickles, A.J. - Dkisemiopsis ramhurialis (Dup), Lymington, (VC 11) 10.x. 06, scarce migrant taken during a period of migrant activity. Rouse, A. - Two scarce species from Kent. Cuaemiclophonis rhododactylus (Schiff.), Folkestone Warren 19.vii.06 and 26.vii.06 (VC 15) and Antigastra catalaimalis (Dup.), Densole 15.ix.06. SCANES, J. - Two species from Sussex (VC 14), namely Palpita unionalis (Hiibn.) 26.viii.06 and Dioryctria ahietella (D.&S.) 12.vi.06. Sherman, N. - Two species from Ipswich, Suffolk (VC 25), namely Sciota adelphella (F. von Rosl.) 20.vii.06 and Agonopterix ciliella (Staint.) 19.vii.06. Stereing, P.H. - Zelleria oleastrella (Milliere) from Weymouth, Dorset (VC 9) 12.vi.06, new to Britain (Plate 4, Fig. 14). Thirwell, I.R. Two migrant species from Portsmouth (VC 11), Eiichromius ocellea (Haw.) 22.ix.06 and Psammotis pulveralis (Hiibn.) 29.vii.06. Uefen, R. - Tinea lanella Pierce & Metcalfe identified by genitalia dissection from a group of tineids found infesting a house in Welwyn, Herts (VC 20); apparently the only other British record is from Liverpool in the 1920s (Plate 4, Fig. 15). Also a photograph of Metalanipra italica Bald, from Welwyn (VC 20). WiNOKUR, L. - Ethinia dodecea (Haw.) and Agapeta zoegana (L.) from near Micheldever, Hants (VC 1 1) 4.vii.06; Udea ferriigalis (Hiibn.) 5.viii.06 and U.prunalis (D.&S.) 5.vii.06 and Nonwpliila noctuella (D.&S.) showing specimens which differed in appearance and date, perhaps indicating a difference in form between migrant and locally bred specimens. Agriphila geniculea (Haw.) and Plutella xylostella (L.) from Southampton. Channee Iseands Lepidoptera Cordell, P. - Perihatodes sp.: a female moth attracted to light on 10.x. 2006 at Gouray Common, Grouville, Jersey. A male taken at Vogelsang, Germany on 15.vii.l948. Both had a pale apical patch on the underside of the forewing, typical of Perihatodes rhomboidaria (D.&S.), and the markings were similar, but both were larger and the female much darker than any British form. The exhibitor requested comments. Foreign Lepidoptera Clifton, J. - Some European Ennominae from France: (a) Blars, Lot: Nychiodes hispanica Wehrli, [ = A. notarioi Exposito], viii.2006. (b) Sauliac sur Cele, Lot: Nychiodes obscuraria (Villers), v.2005; Perihatodes ilicaria (Geyer), Lydd Beauty, V.2005 & viii.2006; Cleora cinctaria (D. & S.), Ringed Carpet, v.2005; Cleorodes lichenaria (Hufn.), Brussels Lace, v.2005 & viii.2006. (c) Salviac, Lot: Fagivorina arenaria (Hufn.), Speckled Beauty, vii.2003; Charissa obscurata (D.&S.), The Annulet, vii.2003; Synopsia sociaria (Htibn.), vii.2003. Corley, M.E.V. - Portuguese Tortricidae: Cochylini. The Portuguese fauna is currently supposed to include 44 species of Cochylini (three questionable), of which the following 34 were exhibited: Phtheochroa BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 169 duponchelana (DupJ, P. rugosana (Hubn.), P. ecbaUiella Huemer, Hysterophora maculosana (HawJ, Cochylimorpha peucedana (Rag.), C. elongana (F. v. R.), C. meridiana (Stdgr.), C. decolorella (Zell.), C. straminea (Haw.), Phalonidia manniana (F. V. R.), P. albipalpana (Zell.), P. contractana (Zell.), Gynnidomorpha alismana (Rag.), Agapeta hamana (L.), Aethes williana (Brahm), A. margarotana (Dup.), A. moribimdana (Stdgr.), A. ianguidana (Mann), A. tesserana (D.&S.), A. deaurana (Peyer.), A. francUlana (Fabr.), A. bUbaensis (Rossi.), Cochylidia heydeniana (H.-S.), C. implicitana (Wocke), Diceratura infantana (Kennel), D. amaranthica Raz., Cochylis epilinana Dup., Cochylis hybridella (Hiibn.), C. salebrana Mann, C. dubitana (Hiibn.), C. moUiculana Zell., C. atricapitana (Steph.), C. pallidana Zell, and C. poster ana Zell. About half of the 44 species are widespread in the country. Eleven are known only from Algarve, three from single localities on the west coast and five from the extreme north of the country which has a climate like that of the middle latitudes of Europe. Further species can be expected (two have been added to the known fauna in 2006). Cochylini are associated mainly with herbaceous plants, on which they usually feed internally in roots, stems, flowers, seedheads and berries. The foodplants of 10 of the species remain unknown. Of the remainder, 16 species feed on Asteraceae (Compositae), six (all in Aethes) on Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), two on Cucurbitaceae, two on Lamiaceae (Labiatae) and one each on Betulaceae, Linaceae, Boraginaceae, Dipsacaceae, Acanthaceae, Campanulaceae, Alismataceae and Liliaceae. Larvae are not easily found, and if found often not easy to rear. Dobson, A.H. - (1) From Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, 19- 27. hi. 2006: the Canarian form of Mecyna asinalis (Hiibn.), Spoladea recurvalis (Fabr.), a very common species, and Costaconvexa centrostrigaria Wollaston, (det. B. Goater), an American species established in the Canary Isles. (2) From La Alcazares, Murcia, Spain: (a) in a garden, dusking or using a blended bulb on the villa’s solarium, 2-8. vi. 2004 & 8-1 3. v. 2006: Aglossa caprealis (Hiibn.); Idaea minuscularia (Ribbe); Idaea consanguiberica (Lederer); Scapula minorata ochroleucaria (Hiibn.); Idaea laevigata (Scop.) (det. N. Hall), with a British bred specimen from County Durham 1928 for comparison; Gymnoscelis rufifasciata (Haw.), which was flying commonly around Bougainvillea, a possible foodplant; Discestra sodae Rambur; Mythinma unipuncta (Haw.), very common; Cryphia ravula Hubn.; a variant form of Cryphia raptricula (D.&S.); Trichoplusia ni (Hiibn.). (b) From uncultivated land about to be developed: Idaea mediaria (Hubn.); Oar reaumuraria Milliere; Mythinma umbrigera Saalmiiller, nearby, where Arundo donax was growing. Fensome, B. - (1) From Kyrenia, N. Cyprus: a well spotted female Colias croceus (Fourcroy). (2) A female Lysandra coridon (Poda) f. obsoleta and results of chilling pupae of L. coridon (Poda), L. bellargus (Rott.) and Aricia agestis (D.&S.). Firmin, J. & Simpson, M. - The Hugh Bridges Collection of European Butterflies: this collection of European butterflies was assembled by Lieutenant- Colonel Hugh C Bridges between 1955 and 1965 and donated to his friend Joe Firmin in accordance with the terms of his will of 1967. Mr Firmin took possession of this wide-ranging and valuable collection in 1986 from Colonel Bridges’ friend and companion, Miss Winifred Sumpter, who had kindly been its custodian after the Colonel’s death. Miss Sumpter, also a keen naturalist, shared Colonel Bridges’ collecting trips in Spain, France and several Mediterranean islands and was present when many of the specimens were collected. Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh Cuthbert Bridges was born on 15 February 1886 in Southsea, Hampshire. He went to Sandhurst in 1904 and joined the North Staffordshire Regiment in 1906. His first 170 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 overseas service was in India in 1906 and in 1909 he went to northern Nigeria, returning to the United Kingdom in 1913. At the outbreak of the First World War he went to France as one of the Old Contemptibles and was wounded in action. Later, after recuperation from his wounds, he served in the Dardanelles. After the war he went to the southern Sudan with the Egyptian army and it was during this service that he met the famous naturalist-sportsman and artist Abel Chapman, when Chapman was passing through from Kenya. Later, Colonel Bridges saw service in Ireland, Gibraltar, Thrace and two periods in India. As well as being a knowledgeable and widely-travelled field naturalist, Hugh Bridges was also a big game hunter in some of the most remote areas of Asia and Africa. He was a successful sportsman and captain of regimental teams at hockey, football, cricket and rugby. During the Second World War, and despite advancing age, he was in charge of a group of the Royal Pioneer Corps and went to the Middle East in January 1941, serving in the Western Desert, Egypt and the Sudan. While returning to England in autumn 1942, he was torpedoed off the south west coast of Africa, spending some time in an open boat until rescued. On his return to the UK he served in Scotland and was demobilised from the Army in 1946. He went to South Africa soon after demobilisation and for several years collected butterflies, becoming a close friend of the eminent South African lepidopterist Charles Dickson. His collection made during that time is now in the Bulawayo Museum. It was in 1955, after his return to live in England, that Hugh Bridges started his notable collection of European butterflies and each summer spent months at a time in some of the best localities in Switzerland, France, Spain, Corsica and Cyprus accompanied by Miss Sumpter. Digne, in Haute Provence, southern France, was his favourite collecting area and he became very well known to the people of this attractive town and regional centre during his stays in the springs and summers of 1959, 1960, 1962 and 1964. As well as being an expert on the distribution of European butterflies and their habitats Colonel Bridges was, in his younger days, a keen ornithologist and oologist. His collection of birds eggs made in Spain during his Army service in Gibraltar between the World Wars, is now in the Maidstone Museum, Kent. When illness prevented further butterfly expeditions. Colonel Bridges concentrated on his extensive postage stamp collection, a hobby he had enjoyed for many years. He died in 1967 at his home in Bexhill-on-Sea, Sussex. To ensure the ongoing care and necessary maintenance of this important reference collection of European butterflies, Joe Firmin donated it to Malcolm Simpson in September 2006. The collection is housed in two 20 drawer cabinets and a drawer from each cabinet was exhibited showing a range of European butterflies. An album of photographs of Lt. Col. Hugh Bridges collecting butterflies at Digne, the famous collecting area in the Alpes de Haute-Provence, and of butterflies encountered there was also exhibited, as was an old folding wooden ring net frame, once used by Lt. Col. Hugh Bridges. Hall, N.M. - (1) From Spain: (i) Eilema palliatella Scop., Pradales, Segovia, 2.ix.2006. (ii) Galleria mellonella L., Cabopino, Malaga, 8.ix.2006, a very small specimen, (iii) Caiiephora febretta Boyer de Fonscolombe, Ronda, Malaga, 9.ix.2006 & Martos, Jaen, 3.ix.2006. This psychid was very common at both Martos and Ronda. (iv) Sceliodes laisalis Walker, Cabopino, Malaga, 6-7. ix. 2006. A tropical migrant pyrale that has occurred in Britain and is described in Goater, ‘British Pyralid Moths’, (v) Condica capensis Guenee, Istan, Malaga, 10.ix.2006. “The African”. Only recently recorded in Spain, (vi) Crocallis albarracina Wehrli, Puerto de la Mora, Granada, ll.ix.2006. The least common of the five Crocallis species in Spain, and a Spanish endemic, (vii) Paradrina noctivaga Bellier, Ronda, Malaga, 9.ix.2006. A specimen with attractive aberrant markings, with typical specimens for BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 171 comparison, (viii) Cryphia simulatricula Guen., Pradales, Segovia, 2.ix.2006, Ronda, Malaga, 4 & 9.ix.2006 & Martos, Jaen, 3.ix.2006. Different forms, (ix) Selidosema brunnearia Villers, Ronda (Puente Ventilla), Malaga, 9.ix.2006. Two Selidosema species occurring at Ronda have conspicuously plumed antennae: S. taeniolaria Htibn. and S', brunnearia Vill. The brunnearia are very variable and include well marked forms that NMH has not seen elsewhere, (x) Cryphia vandalusiae Dup., Martos, Jaen, 3.ix.2006 & Cabopino, Malaga, 7.ix.2006. (2) Diaphora mendica Clerck, Garaio, Alava, Spain. Bred ex female (27. v. 2005) em lO.v.2006. (3) From Gran Canaria: (i) Mecyna asinalis Htibn., El Palmeral, 28. hi. 2006. The Canary Island form of a species occurring in the UK. (ii) Opogona sp., Hieroxestinae, Tineidae, El Palmeral, 22 & 23. hi. 2006. (ih) Ancylosis spp., in very good condition, taken at low-energy lights around an apartment complex “El Palmeral”. Kncylosis sp., 25. hi. 2006-1. iv. 2006, 1 Ancylosis harmoniella Ragonot, 23. hi. 2006-1. iv. 2006, Ancylosis convexella Lederer, 25. hi. 2006-1. iv. 2006. Honey, M.R. - Mallorcan moths: exhibited were a small selection of the c.l50 species of Lepidoptera that were recorded at light on Mallorca, Balearic Islands, during a two week holiday in x.2006, along with a complete list of the species recorded. The moths selected included species that are familiar UK residents, e.g. Galleria mellonella (L.), Parapoynx stratiotata (L.): those that are only recorded here as migrants, e.g. Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup.), Spoladea recurvalis (Fabr.), Utetheisa pulchella (L.): as adventives, e.g. Anatrachyntis badia (Hodges), A. simplex Walsingham. It also includes many other species that occur in Europe only in the Mediterranean region, e.g. Mythimna joannisi Boursin & Rungs, and several species that have only recently spread into Europe from North Africa, e.g. Mythimna languida (Walker). Also included was one specimen of a species of Eucosma (Tortricidae) which, if correctly identified, will be a new addition to the Balearic Islands fauna (currently known only from the type locality near Madrid, Spain). Luckens, C. - Butterflies in Scandinavia 2006: The majority of the specimens exhibited were collected 23.vi-14.vii.2006, but for comparative purposes a few were included from a previous visit in vi.2003. On both occasions CL was accompanied by Charles Derry (CD) and using a camper-van they drove enormous distances, often in the long northern twilight, in order to cover as much ground as possible. Abisco, in arctic Sweden and Gargia in arctic Norway were both revisited on several separate occasions but they also explored Hedmark [southern Norway], Jamtland and around Sundsvall [central Sweden] along the coast road in arctic Norway and inland from Porsangerfjord and finally the Dovrefjeld. They found many more species than in 2003 but were slightly later in the season, had more time and also had the putative advantage of an ‘even’ year. In fact, apart from the elusive Clossiana improba Butler, they found all the European arctic butterfly species and all the special subspecies - though some were in small numbers such as Euphydryas iduna Dalman, which they encountered in ones and twos in several different areas, or were only just emerging such as the single male Colias hecla Lefebvre. They were extremely fortunate to find the normally rare and elusive Clossiana polaris Bsdv. in good numbers as well as Clossiana thore ssp. borealis Stdgr., Clossiana chariclea Schneider (males only), C.frigga Thunberg (in a different form from their central Norway sample) and a few C. freija Thunberg in fair condition. Oeneis bore Schneider, usually uncommon, also appeared in good numbers, but its congener O. norna Thunberg was scarce and mostly worn when found. Three supposed ssp. of Proclossiana eunomia Esp. were taken - the widespread ossianus Herbst., the southern subargentata BjP. and the arctic ssp. montana BjP. Other distinctive taxa were Lycaena phlaeas ssp. polaris Courv., Lycaena hippothoe ssp. stiberi Gerh., and Lycaeides idas L. ssp. lapponica 172 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Gerh. Another very elusive butterfly is Agr icicles aquilo Boisd. and they were fortunate to be told of a locality on the coast where it flew in plenty - though going over at only 50 m above sea level. CL was delighted to encounter the seldom recorded Mellicta athcilia Rott. ssp. uorvegicci Aur. at a site where CD and his brother had found it over 20 years ago near Porsangerfjord. Generally the weather was kind to them - though there were bitter winds at Abisco (where amazingly butterflies still flew) and one or two dull or wet afternoons at Gargia. Sometimes they had to drive to the sunshine. The best weather was during their last two days and that was the time the camper-van chose to break down - fortunately not too far from Oslo. A few hours before they had been on a dirt road high in the Dovrefjeld. Pieris mipi ssp. cickihviucki Frhst., Colias palcieno L. ssp. lapponicci Stdgr., C. hecla ssp. sulitelmci Aur., C. tyc/ie Bober ssp. ^verckimli Zett., Boloria ciquilonaris Stich., Proclossicina eimomia Esp. ssp. subcirgentata BjP, ssp. ossicmus Herbst, ssp. montcma BjP, Clossicma frigga Thunberg, C. selene (D. &S.) f. held Stdgr (Plate 3, Fig. 10), C. euphrosyne L. L fingcil Herbst, C. c/ictriclea Schneider, C. freija Thunberg, C. polaris Boisd., C. tliore Hiibn. ssp. borealis Stdgr, Mellieta athcilia Rott. ssp. norvegica Aur., Eiiphyclvyas iclunci Dalman, Oeneis jut tci Hiibn., O. nornci Thunberg, O. bore Schneider, Carteroeephaliis silvieoliis Meigen, Pyrgiis centaurecie Ramb., P. andromeclae Wall., P. alveus ssp. seamlmavicus Strand., Erebici ligea ssp. clovrensis Strand, E. clisa Thunberg, E. polaris Stdgr, E. emblci Thunberg, Aphcmtopiis hyperantus L., Melitaea diciiniiict L., Lasionumita imierci L., Lycciena phlaeas L. ssp. polaris Courv., L. lupppothoe ssp. stiberi Gerh., Heocles virgaureae L. ssp. oramdci Err., Lyeaeides iclcis L. ssp. lapponiea Gerh., Albulina orbitiilus de Prunn, Vacciniiiia optilete Knoch, Agriades aquilo Boisd., Eumedouia eumeclou Esp. ssp. borealis Wall., Arieia artaxerxes Fabr. ssp. opbeimi H-G. ssp. lyngensis H-G., Polyonimatus icarus Rott. ssp. septentriomilis, Zygcieiui vicicie (D. & S.), Z. exulcms Hohenwarth, Syncmtheclon spheeiformis (D. & S.). Pickles, A.J. - (1) An aberrant example of Brenthis daphne (D. & S.) (Plate 3, Fig. 1 1 ). This insect was caught in the Cantal department of France and was shown with a type specimen for comparison. This specimen exhibits similar patterns of variation to that sometimes found in the larger British fritillaries, (as in 1976). It is probably environmental in origin rather than genetic. There was particularly extreme weather experienced earlier in the year in that area. (2) Four specimens of Aglossa caprealis (Hiibn). This species was found both at MV light and at rest on the walls of Robin Howard’s 18th century farm house not far from Figeac in the Lot department of France. It is recorded as associated with farm outbuildings in this country where the larva feeds on detritus. It is one of the rarest British pyralids and was shown as few people will have seen it in Britain. Sterling, M. (1) Macrolepidoptera collected in or identified from Hong Kong in 2006: (i) Taviocles sp., Sha Lo Tung, New Territories, 20.V.06. Taviodes is principally an Afrotropical genus. There are, however, three species described from the Oriental region. This is believed to be a new genus to Hong Kong, (ii) Mythimna sp., Sha Lo Tung, New Territories, 5.V.06. MS’s first new Mythimna for Hong Kong. It had metallic scaling on the underside which places it in the M. decississima group, (iii) Mythimna separata Walker, Kadoorie, New Territories, 25.xi.05. A well known migrant species in China. The population in Hong Kong appears to be resident, occurring in November and early December each year. This species is a serious pest of many graminaeeous crops, (iv) Synanthedon sp., Tai Tam, Hong Kong Island, 5.V.06. Flying by day in hot and humid conditions. A new species to Hong Kong and although it resembles a tropical species feeding on Theobroma this species is unlikely to have been described, (v) Eumelea sp., Sha Lo Tung, New Territories, 5.V.06. Possibly a second species of Eumelea for Hong Kong. It is larger than E. biflavata BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 173 Warren which is recorded fairly commonly. Eumelea hiflavata is recorded from Macaranga (Euphorbiacae) whereas MS bred his Eumelea from Ligustrum. (vi) Herochroma sp., Sha Lo Tung, New Territories, 20.V.06, new to Hong Kong. It may be H. viridaria (Moore), known from India and Taiwan, or H. supraviridaria (Inoue), known from Taiwan, (vii) Herochroma cristata Warren, Kadoorie, New Territories, 12.x. 99, exhibited for comparison with (vi). A fairly common species in Hong Kong, (viii) Acolutha pictaria Moore, San Tsuen, New Territories, 2.xii.05. One of the very few records for Hong Kong. This specimen was taken from an MV trap on the roof of an apartment block, (ix) Thinopteryx crocopterata Kollar, Kadoorie, New Territories, 25.xi.05. New to Hong Kong. A species with a wide geographical range, from Japan to Sundaland and India, (x) Euryoheidia largeteauni Oberthur, San Tsuen, New Territories, 20.V.06. New to Hong Kong. Also known from Taiwan. Taken from the same roof top trap as (viii). (xi) Phauda fiammans Walker, Hong Lok Yuen, New Territories, vii. 2005. One of a few Hong Kong records. This handsome burnet moth came from the window of a local supermarket, (xii) Fulgoraecia bowringi Newman, M San Tsuen, New Territories, 2. xii. 05, F. Ping Long, New Territories, 3.vi.03 (Plate 4, Fig. 3). Possibly the first good specimens of this species. The type specimens are incomplete and all the other males MS has seen are more or less worn or shattered. The female exhibited is believed to be the first known female specimen. The species is believed to be known only from Hong Kong, (xiii) “PzV/urwT’ gemina Walker, Kadoorie, New Territories, 1.x. 99. This is a common species in Hong Kong. Not so far placed in a genus. The wing pattern is typical of a Pidorus but the stumpy antennae are not. A nocturnal species, (xiv) Pidorus "'gemina'\ Here, both the antennae and the wing pattern are right for Pidorus and this may have been the genuine gemina. A diurnal species, much scarcer in Hong Kong than the last, (xv) P. glaucopus Drury, Tai Tam, Hong Kong Island, 21.V.06, bred from Eurya nitida. First breeding record from Hong Kong, (xvi) Drapetodes mitaria Guen., Tai Po Kau Headland, New Territories, 6.V.06. Hook Tips do some interesting things in the tropics. One of few Hong Kong records of this striking species. (2) Microlepidoptera taken in Hong Kong 2005/2006: (i) Gibbovalva sp., Tai Tam, Hong Kong Island, mines collected 20.V.06. Bred from Machilus chekiangensis (Lauraceae). First record of this foodplant for a Gibbovalva. There are only five described species of Gibbovalva and this is likely to be new. (ii) Caloptilia sp., Blacks Link, Hong Kong Island, l.iv.06. Bred from Celtis sinensis (Ulmaceae). This species may prove to be Caloptilia celtidis Kumata, a Palaearctic species which is recorded from central Japan and China, (iii) Thisizima sp., Kadoorie, Tai Po Kau, New Territories, v. 2006. New to Hong Kong, probably undescribed. Seven out of the eight described species of Thisizima have characteristic black and white patterning. Only Thisizima bovina (described by Meyrick from the Andaman Islands and therefore unlikely to be conspecific with this species) has uniform purple-brown colouration, (iv) Dichomeris obsepta Meyrick, Sha Lo Tung, 20.V.06. Second record for Hong Kong. Dichomeris is a very well populated genus in Asia. Sixty-six species have been recorded from China and many more from Japan and Korea, (v) Cyanaphycis oculiferella Meyrick, Nam Chung Temple, New Territories, 3. xii. 05. New to Hong Kong and perhaps to China. Taken from a trap run in the temple now lived in by the former chief of police from Tuen Mun. This is a considerable extension of the known range of this species, which is known from Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Sumatra, Australia and the Norfolk Islands, (vi) Agrotera posticalis Wileman, Kadoorie, New Territories, 6.ix.05, new to Hong Kong and perhaps to China. Recorded from Korea and Japan. 174 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20; 2007 Waring, P. (1) Polyphemus as an ambassador for moths. In May 2006 PW captured a female of the North American emperor moth Antheraea polyphemiis (Cram.) while light-trapping with members of the Kentucky Lepidopterists’ Society in Paducah, Kentucky, USA. She laid about 50 eggs before PW released her a couple of nights later. The eggs were brought back to the British Isles and about forty adult moths were reared from them, eating half the foliage from his apple tree as huge green caterpillars before emerging as adult moths in July. Throughout their life-cycle some of these individuals travelled with him to various schools and to the annual conference of the Black Environment Network. At all these places they served as an example of the wonders of moths, often to people who have seldom encountered them. (2) Moths as omens of good and bad fortune: (a) Macroglossum stellatarum (L.), Hummingbird Hawk-moth. In the Mediterranean area this moth is considered a bearer of good news. PW saw one in Kent earlier on the same day in 2000 that his daughter was born! (b) Acherontia atropos (L.) Death’s-head Hawk-moth. With the skull-like marking on the thorax of this moth it is little wonder that it is widely regarded throughout Europe as an omen of death. Both the English and scientific names refer to death and hell. This immigrant moth is rarely seen in the British Isles - in former times usually when attracted to bee-hives, which they rob of honey, but now more often recorded in light-traps. PW remembers a local farmer in Oxfordshire telling him in the 1970s that if you saw one it meant that someone in the family was going to die soon, (c) Ascalapha oclorata (L.), Black Witch Moth. This moth of Central and South America and southern Texas and Florida occasionally migrates northwards in the USA and widely in the Caribbean. Mainly nocturnal, it seeks out sheltered roosts by day, sometimes entering houses to do so. It is also often attracted to over-ripe fruit. Throughout its range it is associated with much folk-lore, a substantial amount of which is collected at the website www. texasento.net Iwitchhtm. It is considered to bring both good and bad luck depending on the circumstances. For example, on Cat Island in the Bahamas the moth is known as a Money Moth or Money bat and the legend is that if they land on you, you will come into money. In Hawaii the moth is sometimes considered the soul of a loved one returning to see you. WlNOKUR, L. - An aberration of Neptis sappho Pallas lacking the forewing postdiscal white spots and hindwing postdiscal white band (Plate 3, Fig. 7). The species normally hibernates as an almost mature larva, but the aberration emerged from one of six purchased pupae of Austrian stock (from Graz) that yielded third brood adults. Five typical specimens emerged 9-1 3.x. 2006 of which one was also exhibited. The aberration emerged 19.x. 2006. A third brood could have resulted from high July temperatures advancing the second brood and subsequent egg laying, so that the larvae had already passed a critical stage for diapause induction when the daylength/temperature cues occurred. Alternatively high late-summer temperatures might have 'forced’ direct development in larvae destined to diapause. A genotype-specific sensitivity to 'heat shock’, as has been proposed for the comparable ab. semi-nigrina of Limenitis Camilla L., could explain why only one of the six individuals was aberrant. Diptera This proved a popular year for Tephritidae with twenty-two species included in exhibits, among them some recent additions to the British list that appear to be spreading as well as some species that had not till recently been found for many years. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 175 Alexander, K.N.A. - Some rare flies found in Britain and Northern Ireland, mostly in 2006. Britain: Myopites eximius Seguy (Tephritidae), The Rumps, Pentire Head, E. Cornwall (SW9381), swept from golden samphire Inula crithmoides on rocky sea cliffs, 3.viii.2005, and also at Doyden Point (SW9680), 21.viii.2006; Terellia vectensis (Collin) (Tephritidae), Pennywilgie Point, Lundy Bay, E. Cornwall (SW9579), swept from rank sea cliff grassland with saw-wort Serratula tinctoria, 21.viii. Northern Ireland: Dictenidia bimaculata (L.) (Tipulidae), Baronscourt Park, Co. Tyrone (H3682), IS.vi, and also at Great Deer Park of Glenarm, Co. Antrim (D3011), 13. vi, many seen at both sites - new to the Northern Ireland List; three species of saproxylic Dolichopodidae from Caledon Deer Park, Co. Tyrone (H7543): Achalcus melanotrichus Mik, one at dead branch in lower canopy of old parkland oak, 25.vii; Systenus mallochi MacGowan, 1 $ at soft white-rot of old hollow parkland ash tree, 16.vi; and Systenus pallipes (von Roser), one S at exposed heartwood on trunk of old parkland horse chestnut tree, 16.vi - A. melanotrichus and S. pallipes were only added to the Irish List in 1987 while S. mallochi is not currently included; Hirtodrosophila confusa (Staeger) (Drosophilidae), Castle Ward Park, Co. Down (J5749), at beefsteak fungus Fistulina hepatica on ancient parkland sweet chestnut tree, 20.viii, and at bracket fungi on parkland tree in Caledon Deer Park, 16.viii - new to Irish List. Bowdrey, J. - Odontomyia tigrina (Labr.) (Stratiomyidae), two $ exhibiting territorial behaviour by overgrown garden pond, Thorpe-le-Soken, Essex (TM 173229), 26.V.2006. Dickson, R.J. - Some Diptera found in 2006: Oplodontha viridula (Labr.) (Stratiomyidae) $, at MV light, Titchfield Haven, S. Hants (SU5302, VC 11) 7.vii; Thereva nobilitata (Labr.) (Therevidae) S at MV light, Great Lontley Larm, S. Hants (SU5509, VC 11), 28.vii; Cheilosia lasiopa Kowarz (Syrphidae), $ at rest on garden vegetation, Catisfield, S. Hants (SU5406, VC 11), 14. v; Xanthandrus comtus (Harris) (Syrphidae), S, Malaise trap, Wickham Common, S. Hants (SU5810, VC 11), 22. vi; Pipiza lugubris (Labr.) (Syrphidae), $, Malaise trap, Wickham Common, S. Hants (SU5810, VC 11), 27/28.vi; Xylota abiens (Mg.) (Syrphidae), $ Malaise trap, Wickham Common, S. Hants (SU5810, VC 11), 30. vi; Euleia heraclei (L.) (Tephritidae), S at rest on sunlit foliage, Hilsea Lines, S. Hants (SU6604, VC 11), 15.v; Philophylla caesio (Harris) (Tephritidae), $, Malaise trap, Wickham Common, S. Hants (SU5810, VC 1 1), l.vii; Terellia longicauda (Mg.) (Tephritidae), 4 $ 1(3, seen in numbers crawling over capitula of woolly thistle Cirsium eriophorum, Great Cheverell Hill, North Wiltshire (ST9752, VC 7), 25.vii. Halstead, A.J. - Some local Diptera found in 2006: Pedicia occulta (Mg.) (Pediciidae), Wigmore Rolls, Hereford (S0397689), 22.x; Ogcodes pallipes (Latr.) (Acroceridae), Ebernoe Common, E. Sussex (SU975272), 28. vi; Aty lotus latistriatus Brauer (Tabanidae), East Head, Chichester Harbour, W. Sussex (SZ765984); Aty lotus rusticus (L.) (Tabanidae), S and 9, Pevensey Levels, E. Sussex (TQ666074), 29. vi; Muscidideicus praetextatus (Hal.) (Dolichopodidae), King’s Norton, Pagham Harbour, W. Sussex (SZ872959), 17.vi; Callomyia amoena Mg. (Platypezidae), Hook Wood, N.W. of Guildford, Surrey (SU964494), 26.viii; Cheilosia nigripes (Mg.) (Syrphidae), 9, The Sheepleas, W. Horsley, Surrey (TQ0851), 4..vi; Microdon analis (Macq.) (Syrphidae) (3, Horsell Common, Surrey (TQ007606), 28. v; Microdon devius (L.) (Syrphidae), 9, The Sheepleas, W. Horsley, Surrey (TQ0851), 4..vi; Microdon myrmicae Schonrogge et al. (Syrphidae), (3, Horsell Common, Surrey (TQ007606), 28. v; Rhingia rostrata (L.) (Syrphidae), (3, Hook Wood, N.W. of Guildford, Surrey (SU964494), 29.vii; Campiglossa malaris Seguy (Tephritidae), 9, Lullington Heath, E. Sussex (TQ5401), 29. vi; Ceratitis capitata 176 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Wied. (Tephritidae), d" and reared on 22.viii, ex nectarine purchased at Woking Market, Surrey. Harvey, M.C. - Diptera found in Buckinghamshire (VC 24) in 2006. Scenopinus niger (De Geer) (Scenopinidae), Great Kimble (SP820062), in house dead on a window sill, 14.vi; according to Stubbs and Drake a rare species usually associated with old, decaying trees while in contrast, the commoner 5”. fenestralis (L.) is often found on windows inside houses, including those of the exhibitor, so it was a surprise to find S. niger indoors, although there were no really old trees nearby, the garden contained a tall, mature ash Fraxinus excelsior with rotholes at the base of its trunk; Machimus cingulatus (Fabr.) (Asilidae), $, Blue Lagoon Local Nature Reserve, Milton Keynes (SP868326), 15.ix, in long grass, in an unusual habitat for this species, a brownfield (ex brick-pit) site, with a range of lakes, ponds, grassland and scrub; Paraelusia tigrina (Fall.) (Clusiidae), S. Great Kimble (SP820062), 18.viii, inside window, a recently spreading species perhaps breeding in rot-holes of the above- mentioned ash; Siiillia ustulcita (Mg.) (Heleomyzidae), d', Dancersend Wildlife Trust reserve (SP900094), 5.xi, swept from ground vegetation in open woodland; Stomorhina limcita (Fabr.) (Calliphoridae), $, Great Kimble (SP820062), 3.xi, visiting flowers of cultivated Chrysanthemum (see notes on this species in Dipterists Digest {Second Series) 2007 13 (2)); Catharosia pygmaea (Fall.) (Tachinidae) (det. C. Raper), $, Blue Lagoon Local Nature Reserve, Milton Keynes (SP868326), 15.ix, first discovered in Britain by Steven Falk in 1996 and since recorded at a number of sites in the southern half of Britain, including several brownfield sites. Hodge, P. J. - Eight species of Tephritidae collected in south-east England during 2006: Acanthiophihis helianthi (Rossi) and Acinia corniculata (Zett.), Combe Haven valley, E. Sussex (TQ751105), l.viii, several swept off hardheads Centaurea nigra; Campiglossa malaris Seguy, Wolvercote Lake, Upper Wolvercote, Oxon, 17.vii, 1 S swept off ragwort Senecio jacobaea; Campiglossa plantaginis (Hal), Temple Bottom, Euston, W. Suffolk (TL906782), 8.viii, S and $ swept in dry ‘Breckland’ habitat, most probably off yarrow Achillea millefolium or ragwort Senecio jacobaea (an inland record for a saltmarsh species, usually associated with sea aster Aster tripolium); Oxyna nebulosa (Wied.), Wolvercote Lake, Upper Wolvercote, Oxon, 17.vii, several swept off ox-eye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare; Tephritis divisa Rond., Hillcroft Earm, Crowhurst, E. Sussex (TQ757110), l.viii, many swept off flowering plants of bristly ox-tongue Picris echioides, a south European species recently established in the British Isles; Tephritis matricariae (Loew), Landport Bottom, Lewes, E. Sussex (TQ398107), 25.vii, swept in chalk grassland and Sandgate Park, Sullington, W. Sussex (TQ102145), 5.ix, swept off heather; Trupanea amoena (Frauenfeld), Combe Haven valley, E. Sussex (TQ753107), l.viii, one $ swept off ragwort Senecio jacobaea, a new vice county record. Jones, R.A. - Some uncommon flies found on London and Thames Estuary brownfield sites in 2006 (unless stated otherwise): Symphoromyia immaculata (Mg.) (Rhagionidae), Crayford Stadium Rough, W. Kent (TQ511743), 19.vi; Vanoyia tenuicornis (Macq.) (Stratiomyidae), Crayford Stadium Rough, W. Kent (TQ511743), 19. vi; Myolepta dubia (Fabr.) (Syrphidae), Crystal Palace Park, W. Kent (TQ340710), lO.vi; Thecophora atra (Fabr.) (Conopidae), Gerling Lane Pit, Rainham, S. Essex (TQ552837), ll.vii; Dorycera graminum (Fabr.) (Ulidiidae), Crayford Stadium Rough, W. Kent, 26. v, many specimens seen; Bluewater, Dartford, W. Kent (TQ580741), l.vi, very many specimens seen; Conyer Brickworks, E. Kent (TQ962653), 30. v [although there are old records from Hampshire and Worcestershire, most of the recent records are from the Thames Estuary where it regularly occurs on brownfield sites]; Trupanea stellata (Fuessly) (Tephritidae), PLATE 1. 1 : Phaneroptera falcata adult (length 35mm). 2; Phaneroptera falcata final instar nymph (length 18mm). PLATE 2. 1: Zyginella pulchra, ex yellow sticky trap, East Mailing, Kent, 4.ix.2001. 2: Adicella reducta (McLachlan), female, collected Aira Beck, Cumbria, 25.vii.2006, forewing length 8mm. 3: Fifth instar nymph of the froghopper/lp/rrop/rora a/r?/ feeding on bramble. 4: Yew scale Parthenolecanium pomeranicum (brown) and cottony camellia scale Pulvinaria floccifera (white) on garden yew. Selling, Kent, 1992. PLATE 3. Annual Exhibition 2006. ^ ^ Polyommatus icarus ab. obsoleta-postextensa (w-span 32mm), from cold-shocked pupa, 2006, A. Butler. 2: Aricia agestis (22mm), Cornwall, 8.viii.2006, G.Tremewan. 3: Lycaena phlaeas ah. fasciata (31mm), from heat-shocked pupa, P.Tebbutt. 4: Theda betulae ab. albovirgata (32mm), from cold-shocked pupa, 2006, K. Bailey. 5: Gonepteryx rhamni (59mm), collected originally by K. Adnett, Whittlebury Wood, Northants, 1926, I. Reid. 6: Melanargia galathea (44mm), East Dorset, 2.vii.2006, D. Humphrey. 7: Neptis sappho ab. (47mm), bred 19.x. 2006, L. Winokur. 8 & 9: Polygonia c-album ab. reichstettens/s (50mm), Leatherhead, Surrey, 12.vii.2006, D. Oram. 10: Boloria (Clossiana) selene f. hela (37mm), JamtIand, Sweden, 12.vii.2006, C. Luckens. 11: Brenthis daphne ab. (45mm), Valmeraux, France, 6.vii.2006, A. Pickles. 12: Boloria selene ab. vanescens (37mm) from heat-shocked pupa, K. Bailey. 13: Argynnis paphia ab. nigricans (60mm), 2006, A. Jones. PLATE 4. Annual Exhibition 2006. 1 : Arctia villica ab. wardi (w-span 53mm), Isle of Grain, Kent, 16. vi. 2006, A. Butcher. 2: Spilosoma luteum ab. totinigra (34mm), New Romney, Kent 28. vi. 2006, S. Clancy. 3: Fu/goraecia bowringi (21mm), first known female specimen, Ping-Long, Hong Kong, 3.vi.2003, M. Sterling. 4; Aedia leucomelas (34mm), Isle of Wight, 11. ix. 2006, S. Knill-Jones. 5: Cosmia trapezina ab. badiofasciata (32mm), Littlestone, Kent, 16.vii.2006, S. Clancy. 6: Chrysodeixis eriosoma (35mm), Hants., 1.xi.2002, A. Pickles. 7; Agrotis exclamationis (38mm), bilateral gynandromorph, Addington, Surrey, 20.vi.2006, B. Skinner. 8 & 9: Cailopistria latreillei (28mm), Dover, 27.x. 2006, T. Rouse & Gradde, France, ix.2006, P. Jenner. 10: Ennomos quercinaria (44mm), bilateral gynandromorph, Turville Heath, Bucks., 28.vii.2006,T. Harman. 11: Nola cucullatella (18mm), Alners Gorse, Dorset, 11.vii.2005, P. Butter. 12: Stathmopoda auriferella (10mm), bred ex pomegranate, Cornwall, 9.vi.2006, R. Heckford. 13: Idaea aversata (30mm), Willen, Bucks., 4.vii.2006, G. Higgs. 14: Zelleria oleastrella (15mm), Weymouth, Dorset, 12. vi. 2006, P. Sterling. 15: Tinea lanella (14mm), Welwyn, Herts., 2006, R. Uffen. 16: Emmelina argoteles (23mm), Wicken Fen, Cambs., ex larva, ix.2006, J. Higgott. Bar denotes 5mm. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 177 Lodgehill Training Area, W. Kent (TQ765737), 18.vii; Myopites inulaedyssentericae Blot (Tephritidae), Lodgehill Training Area, W. Kent (TQ765737), IS.vii; Merzomyia westermanni (Mg.) (Tephritidae), Clarefield Park, Brent, Middlesex (TQ234874), 21.ix; Southfields, Belvedere, W. Kent (TQ501800), 28.vii; Tephritis praecox (Loew) (Tephritidae), Southfields, Belvedere, W. Kent, 28.vii, the second recorded modern British locality for this species which for many years was known as British from a single specimen found in Suffolk in 1907, until many individuals were recently recorded in a Sussex garden in 2002 and 2003, known to develop in the heads of marigolds Calendula arvensis in Israel and Calendula officinalis in Britain, well established in the Sussex garden and appears to be a genuine colonization from the continent; Campiglossa absinthii (Fabr.) (Tephritidae), Crystal Palace Park, W. Kent, 8.vii, until recently this species was only known from a few sites in Kent, Norfolk, Surrey and Sussex, but has started to spread and now known from much of England and a few coastal sites in Scotland and Wales; Campiglossa plant aginis (Hal.) (Tephritidae), Coldharbour Works, Rainham, S. Essex (TQ514805), ll.vii; Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) (Tephritidae), Brent Railway Sidings, Cricklewood, Middlesex (TQ232869), 19.ix; Dioxyna bidentis (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Tephritidae), Brent Railway Sidings, Cricklewood, Middlesex (TQ233869), 19.ix; Discomyza incurva (Fall.) (Ephydridae), Lodgehill Training Area, W. Kent, IS.vii; Southfields, Belvedere, W. Kent, 6 & 14. ix; Litophasia hyalipennis (Fall.) (Tachinidae), Thames Barrier Park East, S. Essex (TQ413800), 3. v. 2005 and Lvii.2()05, a small, but very distinct fly, first recorded as a British species in 1950, based upon a single specimen collected at Guestling, near Hastings in Sussex, in 1887, but recently found in North Kent, also very poorly known in Europe and there are no host records; Cistogaster globosa (Fabr.) (Tachinidae), Gallions Reach, Becton, S. Essex (TQ440810), 12.V.2005; Bluewater, Dartford, W. Kent, 12.vii; Southfields, Belvedere, W. Kent, 28.vii; Sue Godfrey Nature Park, Deptford, W. Kent (TQ374775), 13.vii, a parasitoid of the bishop’s mitre shieldbug Aelia acuminata, which was formerly considered to be more or less confined to chalk downland, but has become more common in the last two decades and is now found in dry grassy places, waste ground and brownfield sites - until recently the fly was only known from three localities: Portsdown in Hampshire, Cothill in Berkshire and White Down in Surrey but it has recently been recorded in several brownfield sites in the London and Thames Estuary area; Gymnosoma nitens Mg. (Tachinidae), Bluewater, Dartford, W. Kent, l.vi & 12.vii; Lodgehill Training Area, W. Kent, 18.vii; Canvey Wick, S. Essex (TQ767836), 28.vi, first found at Box Hill, Surrey, in 1956 and very little known until it started to be found either side of the Thames Estuary in Essex and Kent during the 1990s, an internal parasitoid of the ground-dwelling shieldbug Sciocoris ciirsitans, a nationally scarce insect; Gastrolepta anthracina (Mg.) (Tachinidae), Gallions Reach, Becton, S. Essex, 29.vi.2005; Mintho rufiventris (Fall.) (Tachinidae), Sue Godfrey Nature Park, Deptford, W. Kent, 23.vi. Meredith, S.L. ~ Dermatobia hominis (L. Jr in Pallas) (Oestridae), a larva extracted from the arm of the exhibitor following a visit to Mato Grosso, Brazil in ix.2005; it was first noticed as a small black spot at the top of his right arm when he was staying at the Cristalino Lodge Hotel situated adjacent to a surviving large tract of rain forest in an otherwise deforested area and was finally extracted and found to be dead in ii.2006. Merrifield, R.K. & Merrifield, R.M. - Some Diptera recorded in 2006: Tipula livida van der Wulp (Tipulidae), Horseshoe Plantation, Biding Gap NT, Beachy Head, E. Sussex (TV562958), 25. vi; Atypophthalmus inustus (Mg) (Limonii- dae), Ebernoe Common, W. Sussex (SU976271), 28. vi; Dicranoptycha fuscescens 178 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 (Schummel) (Limoniidae), Horseshoe Plantation, Birling Gap NT, Beachy Head, E. Sussex (TV562958), 25. vi, 2 and 1 $ in a small patch of woodland near the coast, an extension of its known range, which is the Thames Gateway area; Rhagio strigosus (Mg.) (Rhagionidae), Warburg BBOWT Reserve, Range Bottom, Nettlebed, Oxon (SU7 18879), 11. vi; Symphoromyia immacidata (Mg.) (Rhagionidae), Crowlink NT, west of Birling Gap, Beachy Head, E. Sussex (TV549965X 25. vi; Callicera aurata (Rossi) (Syrphidae), Ruislip Woods NNR, Poor’s Field, L.B. of Hillingdon, Middx (TQ0889), 14.vii, resting with its wings folded on fence railing by bridleway at about 8.30h during very hot weather; Microdon devius (L.) (Syrphidae), Dancersend BBOWT Reserve, anthill area, Bucks (SP900094). Parker, M.J. - A number of rare species found in 2006 in Dorset, the New Forest, E. Sussex, W. Sussex and Easterness: Doras profuges (Harris) (Syrphidae), $ on a bramble leaf at Stubhampton Bottom (ST 8916), Cranbourne Chase, Dorset (VC 9), 4.vi; Ca/iprohola speciosa (Rossi) (Syrphidae), S basking on the ground adjacent to a large beech stump within Berry Wood (SU 2105), New Forest, South Hants (VC 11), 3.vi; Ccdlicera aurata (Rossi) (Syrphidae), $ at bramble flowers in Cranbourne Chase (ST9718), Dorset (VC 9), 16.vii; Myolepta duhia (Fabr.) (Syrphidae), $ at Rosa flowers, Ebernoe Common (SU9726), W. Sussex (VC 13), 28. vi; Chamaesyrphus caledonicus Collin (Syrphidae), $ swept within Culbin Forest (NH968598), Easterness (VC 96), 3.viii; Atylotus latistriatus Brauer in Brauer & Bergenstamni (Tabanidae), 1 S and 1 $ swept from coastal grassland at East Head (SZ765984), W. Sussex (VC 13), 27. vi; Atylotus rusticus (L.) (Tabanidae), 1 S and 1 $ swept from grassland, Pevensey Levels (TQ666074), E. Sussex (VC 14), 29. vi; Machimus rusticus (Mg.) (Asilidae), d' swept from chalk grassland. Mount Caburn NNR (TQ447087), W. Sussex (VC 13), 30. vi; Chorisops nagatomii Rozkosny (Stratiomyidae), $ swept within Cranbourne Chase (ST9718), Dorset (VC 9), 16.vii; Phthiria pulicaria (Mikan) (Bombyliidae), $ swept from coastal grassland. East Head (SZ765984), W. Sussex (VC 13), 27. vi; Bomhylius minor L. (Bombyliidae), $ on Hieracium species flowers, Redbridge (SY795884), Morton, Dorset (VC 9), 2.vii, a very early record for this species of which several were seen; Rhadiurgus variahilis (Zett.) (Asilidae), $ swept within Culbin Forest (NH9560), Easterness (VC 96), 3.viii; Thereva handlirschi Krober (Therevidae), $ swept within Culbin Forest (NH956613), Easterness (VC 96), 4.viii; Rhagoletis alternate! (Fall.) (Tephritidae), $ swept from Rosa bushes within Cranbourne Chase (ST9718), Dorset (VC 9), 16.vii; Trupanea amoena (Frauenfeld) (Tephritidae), (d swept from waste ground, Redbridge (SY800884), Morton, Dorset (VC 9), 29.vii, the fifth British record; Chetostoma curvinerve Rond. (Tephritidae), $ recovered from vehicle cab, Lewcombe Farm (ST565048), Dorset (VC 9), 5.v, second Dorset record; Dorycera graminum (Fabr.) (Ulidiidae), $ swept from chalk grassland, New Timber Hill (TQ2712), W. Sussex (VC 13), 25. vi, first record for W. Sussex. Perry, I. - A selection of uncommon Diptera found during 2006: Odontomyia ornata (Mg.) (Stratiomyidae), Durlston Country Park, Swanage, Dorset, 24.vii, a male on Pastinaca sativa flowers, likely to have wandered from one of the coastal levels in the Poole Harbour area, although there appear to have been no previous records for the county; Thereva handlirschi Krober (Therevidae), River Findhorn, Logie, Morayshire, 14.viii d' and 18.viii $, both at Angelica sylvestris flowers, first found at this site in 1900 by Francis Jenkinson; Rhamphomyia micropyga Collin (Empididae), Bradfield Woods, Suffolk, 3.v, first record for East Anglia; Cheilosia nehiilosa Verrall (Syrphidae), Bradfield Woods, Suffolk, 3.v, $ at flower of Primus spinosa and lO.v, $ investigating a rosette of Centaurea nigra, a possible food plant; Platycheirus discimanus Loew (Syrphidae), Center Parcs, Elveden, Suffolk, 22. iv S BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20; 2007 179 and The King’s Forest, Suffolk, 28. iv $, both at flowers of Prunus spmosa\ Psilota anthracina Mg. (Syrphidae), Churchplace Cottage, New Forest, Hants, 9.vi, 2 $ at Pyracantha flowers; Tephritis matricariae (Loew) (Tephritidae), Bradfield Woods, Suffolk, 3.V, apparently the most northerly known record; Polyodaspis sulcicoUis (Mg.) (Chloropidae), Dungeness, Kent, 27.vi, swept from sparsely vegetated shingle; Brachicheta strigata (Mg.) (Tachinidae), Center Parcs, Elveden, Suffolk, 22. iv and The King’s Forest, Suffolk, 28. iv, at both sites swept from recently disturbed Breck grassland; Winthemia variegata (Mg.) (Tachinidae), Ebernoe Common, Sussex, 29. vi; Demoticus plebejus (Fall.) (Tachinidae), The Devil’s Ditch, Burwell, Cambs, S.vii and 12.vii, at Daucus carota flowers in chalk grassland; Neaera laticornis (Mg.) (Tachinidae), Cheyne Weare, Portland, Dorset, 25.vii, at Daucus carota and Foeniculum vulgar e flowers. Stubbs, A.E. - Stomorhina lunata (Calliphoridae), Peterborough, Cambs, $ at flower of Michaelmas Daisy in garden, 14.ix.2006. COLEOPTERA Alexander, K.N.A. ~ Some rare beetles from Britain and Northern Ireland 2006. Britain; Paraphotistus nigricornis (Panzer) (Elateridae), Severn Ham SSSI, Tewkes- bury, East Gloucester, S08832, one swept from hay meadow, 7.vi.2006; Malthodes nmurus (Laporte de Castelnau) (Cantharidae), Brockweir and Tidenham, West Gloucester and Tintern, Monmouthshire, all S05300, swept along banks of River Wye, 6.vi.2006, a new area for this rarity; Aplocnemus nigricornis (Fabr.) (Melyridae), Port Eliot Park, St Germans, East Cornwall, SX358592, reared from old bracket of fungus Inonotus dryadeus on ancient oak tree, collected on 12.iv.2006; Sphinginus lobatus (Olivier) (Melyridae), Chaceley Stock, West Gloucester, SO8630, one swept beneath willows on banks of River Severn, 22. vi. 2006, new to county list; Tetratoma desmaresti Latreille (Tetratomidae), Duncombe Park NNR, North Yorkshire, SE6083, one knocked from dead lower branches of parkland oak, 2.x. 2006; Osphya bipunctata (Fabr.) (Melandryidae), Rough Hill Orchard, Birling- ham, Worcestershire, S09244, one beaten from old hawthorn, l.vi.2006. Northern Ireland; Ampedus pomorum (Herbst) (Elateridae), Great Deer Park of Glenarm, Co Antrim, D3011, one knocked from aerial branches on old open-grown oak tree, 13.vi.2006; Malthodes guttifer Kiesenwetter (Cantharidae), Great Deer Park of Glenarm, one swept beneath old oaks, 29.vii.2006; Phloiophilus edwardsi Stephens (Phloiophilidae), Castle Coole Park, Co Fermanagh, H2643, one knocked from dead branches in lower canopy of oak trees, 14.ix. and 30.x. 2006, added to Irish list in 1929 but not reported since; Orchesia micans (Panzer) (Melandryidae), Great Deer Park of Glenarm, one adult and many larvae knocked from old brackets of fungus Inonotus radiatus on dead alder trunk, 20.V.2006, added to Irish list in 1898 from Co Kerry but not reported since; Orchesia minor Walker, Great Deer Park of Glenarm, single adult knocked from dead branch in lower canopy of old open-grown oak tree, 27.x. 2006, added to Irish list in 1920 from Killarney but not reported since; Abdera flexuosa (Paykull), Caledon Deer Park, Co Tyrone, H7543, adults frequent on old brackets of fungus Inonotus radiatus on dead alder trunk, 16.vi.2006, previously known in Ireland from just two sites in Co Fermanagh. Barclay, M.V.L. - Two alien beetles recently established in Britain, both found at Fulham, Middlesex. Rhyzobius lophanthae (Blaisdell) (Coccinellidae), a small ladybird from Australia that has been introduced all over the world as a biological control of scale insects, now breeding outdoors in several parts of London; 180 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Brachyderes lusitanicus (Fabr.) (Curculionidae), recently discovered on small ornamental pines, this is the second species of Brachyderes to be found in Britain (Jonty Denton discovered B. incanus (L.) at Brooklands, Surrey in 2004 {The Coleopterist 14: 1-5). Booth, R.G. - Rare or notable species collected during the weekend of the Balfour-Browne Club meeting in Norfolk, May 2006. Philonthus corvinus Erichson (Staphylinidae), Hickling Broad, East Norfolk, TG405215, treading wet vegetation, 6. V. 2006; Philonthus lepidus (Gravenhorst) (Staphylinidae), Cranwich Camp, West Norfolk, TL7794, sieving moss, 5. v. 2006; Diastictus vidneratus (Sturm) (Scarabaei^ dae), Cranwich Camp, West Norfolk, TL7794, grubbing in loose sand at plant roots by rabbit burrows, 5.V.2006; Stilbus atomariiis (L.) (Phalacridae), Reedham Marsh, East Norfolk, TG366194, sieving reed litter, 6. v. 2006; Donacia aquatica (L.) (Chrysomelidae), How Hill, East Norfolk, TG3719, sweeping ditch-side vegetation at night, 6. v. 2006, when seen by torch light the author assumed that this was one of the more common species so almost did not bother to keep it. Collier, M. J. - Some scarce beetles found in Norfolk in recent years, including thirteen additions to the county list. Stenolophiis skrimshiranus Stephens (Carabidae), Titchwell, West Norfolk, TF7444, pitfall trap beside coastal ditch, 28.v.-12.vi.2004; Graptodytes hilineatus (Sturm) (Dytiscidae), Snettisham, West Norfolk, TF6533, shallow ditch behind coastal shingle banks, 18.i.2003; Acrotrichis pumila (Erichson) (Ptiliidae) (det. M. D. Darby), Stanford, West Norfolk, TL8995, sieving sedge tussock litter, 20.vii.04, new to VC 28; Ptilium horioni (Rosskothen) (Ptiliidae) (det. M. D. Darby), Surlingham, East Norfolk, TG3006, sieving garden grass heap, 7. viii.2005, a new county record; Leiodes hmicollis (Rye) (Leiodidae), Stanford, West Norfolk, TL8694, pitfall in disused sandpit, 28.v.-3.vii.2006; Carpelimus foveolatus (Sahlberg) (Staphylinidae), Snettisham, West Norfolk, TF6530, muddy margin of brackish pool, 19.V.2004, a new county record; Ilyohates propinquus (Aube) (Staphylinidae), Snettisham, West Norfolk, TF6431, pitfall beside brackish lagoon, 12.vi.-3.vii.2004, a new county record; Parabolitobius inclinans (Gravenhorst) (Staphylinidae), Sheringham Park, East Norfolk, TGI 341, 16.vii.2005, a new county record; Phacophallus tricolor (Kraatz) (Staphylinidae), Catfield, East Norfolk, TG3821, sieving fen litter heap containing small amount of straw and dung, 7.x. 2006, a new county record; Velleius dilatatus (Fabr.) (Staphylinidae), Brockdish, East Norfolk, TM2187, hornets’ nest debris in hollow tree stump, 13.viii.2006; Xylostiba bosnica (Bernhauer) (Staphylinidae) (det. P.M. Hammond), Bayfield Hall, East Norfolk, TG0540, under bark or on fungus, 16.vi.2002, a new county record; Agrilus sulcicollis Lacordaire (Buprestidae), Stanford, West Norfolk, TL8994, beating oak, 14.vii.2005, also present on same tree in 2006, a new county record; Aphanisticus pusillus (Olivier) (Buprestidae), Stanford, West Norfolk, TL8892, pitfall on heathland, 5.ix.-27.ix.2003, new to VC 28; Pediacus depressus (Herbst) (Cucujidae), Stanford, West Norfolk, TL8495, small vane interception trap hanging on old oak, 10.vi.-14.vii,2005, new to VC 28; Telmatophilus brevicollis Aube (Cryptophagidae), Gunton Park, East Norfolk, TG2234, on flowers of Sparganium erectum L., 16.vii.2005; Telmatophilus schoenherri (Gyllenhal) (Cryptophagidae), Hickling Broad, East Norfolk, TG4221, sweeping dyke-side vegetation, 15.vi.2003; Holoparamecus caularum (Aube) (Endomychidae), Catfield, East Norfolk, TG3821, abundant by sieving fen litter heap containing small amount of straw and dung, 7.x. 2006, a new county record; Litargus balteatus LeConte (Mycetophagidae), Stanford, West Norfolk, TL8392, in Polyporus squamosus fungus, an unusual outdoor habitat, 10.vii.2003, a new county record; Mycetophagus quadriguttatus Muller (Mycetophagidae), Stanford, West Norfolk, TL89, kestrel nestbox material. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 181 10. vi. 2005; Anisoxya fuscula (Illiger) (Melandryidae), Gunton Park, East Norfolk, TG2234, beating oak, 16.vii.2005; Abdera quadrifasciata (Curtis) (Melandryidae), Earlham Park, Norwich, East Norfolk, TGI 907, under bark, 6.vii.2003, a new county record; Aulonium trisulcum (Fourcroy) (Colydiidae), Bush Green, East Norfolk, TM2179, under bark of dead elm, 8.viii.2006; Cassida hemisphaerica Herbst (Chrysomelidae), Stanford, West Norfolk, TL8694, under basal leaves of Cirsium vulgare, 15.vii.2006, new to VC 28; Chrysolina marginata (L.) (Chrysomelidae), Cranwich Pits, West Norfolk, TL7795, on flowers of Leucanthemun vulgare, 29.V.2004, a new county record; Bagous lutosus (Gyllenhal) (Curculionidae), Stanford, West Norfolk, TL8994, in shallow pond on grassland heath (foodplant not established), 20.vii.2004; Coniocleonus nebulosus (L.) (Curculionidae), Kelling Heath, East Norfolk, TG0942, under heather, 31.vii.2004; Pelenomus zumpti (Wagner) (Curculionidae), Snettisham, West Norfolk, TF6431, pitfall beside brackish lagoon, 28.v.-12.vi.2004, a new county record; Sibinia arenariae Stephens (Curculionidae), Titchwell, West Norfolk, TF7544, pitfall beside brackish lagoon, 28.v.-12.vi.2004, a new county record; Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) (Curculio= nidae), Stanford, West Norfolk, TL8694, on Cirsium vulgare, 15.vii.2006. Dickson, R.J. - Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) Harlequin Ladybird (Coccinellidae), Fareham, South Hampshire, singletons at MV light: SU577070, ix.2006 and SU577070, 5.viii.2006, both by K. J. Wheeler and SU579069, 2 Fix. 2006, numbers of this invader are increasing though partly through recognition by moth hunting friends; Carabus granulatus L. (Carabidae), Titchfield Haven, South Hampshire, SU5302, on MV sheet at night by K. J. Wheeler, 7.vii.2006; Endomychus coccineiis (L.) (Endomychidae), sweeping, Wickham Common, South Hampshire, SU4905, 6.9.2006; Phymatodes testaceus (L.), Tanbark Borer (Cerambycidae), Fareham, South Hampshire, SU579069, appeared indoors, 2.vii.2006; Cassida nobilis L. (Chrysomelidae), Hook Park Shore NR, South Hampshire, SU4905, swept from Beta and Atriplex, 7.viii.2006;. Hypera punctata (Fabr.) (Curculionidae), Titchfield Haven, South Hampshire, SU5302, one on MV sheet at night, 8. ix.2006 and Botley Wood, South Hampshire, SU5410, 8. ix.2006. Galsworthy, A.C. & Booth, R.G. - (1) Rare or notable species collected at Laleham, Middlesex, TQ06, including two species new to Britain. Dromius quadrisignatus Dejean (Carabidae), on or under bark of old dead sycamore, 25. vi. 2005 and 1.x. 2005. Bledius dissimilis Erichson (Staphylinidae), in mud at edge of silt drainage channel, 1 l.vi.2005 and subsequently, new to Middlesex. Carpelimus subtilis (Erichson) (Staphylinidae), from flight interception trap in marsh area, 6- 13.V.2006 and 1 7-24. vi. 2006. Quedius aetolicus Kraatz (Staphylinidae), under bark of old dead sycamore, 10.ix.2005. Quedius brevicornis (Thomson) (Staphylinidae), sieving material from old owl nest box, 18.xii.2004. Oligota granaria Erichson (Staphylinidae), from flight interception trap in marsh area and woodland, 6- 13.V.2006 and subsequently, records away from the more usual synanthropic habitat associated with this species. Cyphea curtula (Erichson) (Staphylinidae), running on surface of old dead sycamore or sieved from pieces of bark, 10.ix.2005 and subsequently, new to Middlesex and only the second site for this recent addition to the British fauna (Welch, 1998, E.M.M. 134: 339-343). Placusa tachyporoides (Waltl) (Staphylinidae), from flight interception trap in woodland, 29.iv.-6.v.2006. Amarochara bonnairei (Fauvel) (Staphylinidae), from flight interception trap in woodland, 1 0-1 7.vi. 2006, apparently new for Middlesex, apart from this and a few other very recent records, the species appears not to have been recorded since 1927. Clambus pallidulus Reitter (Clambidae), from flight interception trap in woodland, 3-1 0.vi. 2006, apparently new for Middlesex. Aulonothroscus brevicoUis 182 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 (de Bonvouloir) (Throscidae), from flight interception trap in woodland, 6- 13.V.2006, apparently new for Middlesex. Atomaria zetterstedti (Zetterstedt) (Cryptophagidae), beating Salix, 29. iv. 2006, a modern record for Middlesex and one of very few post- 1969 records. Teredus cylindricus (Olivier) (Bothrideridae), under bark of dead ash, 25. vi. 2005, this previously very rare species has been spreading in recent years. Sericoderus brevicornis Matthews (Corylophidae), from flight interception trap in woodland, 6-1 3. v. 2006 and subsequently, this new addition to the British fauna, confirmed by Stan Bowestead, is an Australian species that has also recently colonized New Zealand (Bowestead, 2003, New Zealand Entomologist 25[2002]; 65-65). Unlike the parthenogenetic, native S. lateralis (Gyllenhal), both males and females of this new species are known. Stepliostethus alternans (Mannerheim) (Latridiidae), from flight interception trap in woodland, 6-1 3. v. 2006 and subsequently, a further record for this recent addition to the British fauna (Levey, 1997, The Coleopterist 6: 49-51). Migneauxia orientalis Reitter (Latridiidae), from flight interception trap in marsh area, 15- 22.vii.2006, a species new to Britain, this is a widespread tropical species also recently recorded in northern Europe from Denmark and Germany, the genus Migneauxia is separated from related genera by its 10-segmented antennae. Pseudocistela ceramhoides (L.) (Tenebrionidae), from flight interception trap in woodland, 24.vi.-l.vii.2006 and subsequently. Lissodema cursor (Gyllenhal) (Salpingidae), beating old ash tree at edge of woodland, l.vii.2006. Scolytus pygmaeus (Fabr.) (Curculionidae), beating young elms showing signs of die-back, 24. vi. 2006 and l.vii.2006, this is a recent arrival to Britain (Heal, 2003, The Coleopterist 12: 57-60). (2) Other records Aphodius lividus (Olivier) (Scarabaeidae), Hogshaw Hill Farm, Buckinghamshire, SP7422, one sieving stable manure, 30.vii.2006, apparently new for Buckinghamshire and one of very few post- 1969 records. Gibbs, D.J. - Six species of Coleoptera collected in 2006. Melasis buprestoides (L.) (Eucnemidae), Pittance Park, Edwinstowe (Cenrte Parcs), Nottinghamshire, SK6263, 13.V.2006, Nationally Scarce/Nb species; Epiphanis cornutus Eschscholtz (Eucnemidae), Aucombe Bottom, (Centre Parcs, Longleat), South Wiltshire, ST8342, 14.vii.2006; Osphya bipunctata (Fabr.) (Melandryidae), Tucking Mill, North Somerset, ST7661, 28.V.2006, Red Data Book 3 species; Bruchidius varius (Olivier) (Bruchidae), Tucking Mill, North Somerset, ST7661, 28.V.2006, a new vice county record; Mogulones geographicus (Goeze) and Sibinia primita (Herbst) (Curculionidae), Elevden (Centre Parcs East), West Suffolk, TL8080, 26.vii.2006, both Nationally Scarce/Nb species. Halstead, A.J. - Some local Coleoptera taken in 2006. Omaloplia ruricoia (Fabr.) (Scarabaeidae), Mount Caburn NNR, Glynde, East Sussex, TQ447087, swept, 30. vi. 2006; Agrilus viridis (L.) (Buprestidae), Ditchling Common, East Sussex, TQ336181, swept off pond margin, Lvii.2006; Ctenicera pectinicornis (L.) (Elateridae), The Sturts NR, Ailey, Herefordshire, SO336480, swept, 13.V.2006; Rhyzobius chrysomeloides (Herbst) (Coccinellidae), Knaphill, Surrey, SU964587, on Solidago flower in garden, 30.viii.2006; Conopalpus testaceus, (Olivier) (Melandryi- dae), Hook Wood, Guildford, Surrey, SU964494, swept, 8.vii.2006 Ischnomera sanguinicollis (Fabr.) (Oedemeridae), The Sheepleas, West Horsley, Surrey, TQ089520, swept, 4.vi.2006; Grammoptera abdominalis (Stephens) (Cerambycidae), Hook Wood, Guildford, Surrey, SU964494, swept, 28.V.2006; Stenurella nigra (L.) (Cerambycidae), Ebernoe Common, West Sussex, SU975272, swept, 28. vi. 2006; Obrium brunneum (Fabr.) (Cerambycidae), Hook Wood, Guildford, Surrey, SU964494, on hawthorn blossom, 28.V.2006; Chrysolma oricakia (O. F. Muller.) BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 183 (Chrysomelidae), Puttenham Common, Surrey, SU909456, on roadside umbellifers, 3.vi.2006; Cryptocephalus bilineatus (L.) (Chrysomelidae), Newtimber Hill, Poynings, West Sussex, TQ2712, swept, 25.vi.2006. Harvey, M.C. - (1) Coleoptera from Buckinghamshire (VC24): specimens and photographs of Rhopalapion longirostre (Olivier) (Apionidae) and other beetles associated with hollyhock Alcea rosea. Following Richard Jones’ discovery of R. longirostre in London earlier in 2006, specimens were found on hollyhock in the exhibitor’s garden in Great Kimble, Buckinghamshire, SP820062. Exhibited with specimens of two other common species of weevil found on hollyhock: Aspidapion radiolus (Marsham) (Apionidae) and Aspidapion aeneurn (Fabr.) (Apionidae), all from Great Kimble in May-July 2006. Also shown were specimens of the Nationally Scarce flea beetle Podagrica fuscicornis (L.) (Chrysomelidae) which was numerous on the same hollyhock plants in the author’s garden. According to Peter Hodge the usual host for this species is Common Mallow Malva sylvestris, and its occurrence on hollyhock is a recent development that has allowed it to spread. (2) Some other notable beetles from Buckinghamshire. Paraphotistus nigricornis (Panzer) (Elateridae), Long Herdon Meadow SSSI/Wildlife Trust reserve, SP648201, several seen at rest during rainy weather on riverside vegetation, 27. v. 2006, Red Data Book 3 species. Osphya bipunctata (Fabr.) (Melandryidae), Long Herdon Meadow SSSI/Wildlife Trust reserve, SP648201, swept from flowers of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. at edge of River Ray, 27.V.2006, this Red Data Book 3 species has been associated with ancient woodland, but this site is a long way from woodland - possibly the beetle breeds in mature hedgerow trees? Au Ionium trisulcum (Fourcroy) (Colydiidae), Great Kimble, SP820062, attracted to mercury vapour light (it is known to fly at night), 25.vii.2006, Nationally Scarce/Na species associated with elm Ulmus spp. - there is no elm in the garden but it is in hedgerows nearby. Cryptorhynchus lapathi (L.) (Curculionidae), Hanson Environmental Study Centre reserve, SP840428, on Willow branch, 19.V.2005, Nationally Scarce/Nb species. Barynotus obscurus (Fabr.) (Curculionidae), Great Kimble, SP820062, l.vi.2006, exhibited in error as Tanymecus palliatus (Fabr.). Hawkins, R.D. - A long series of the Harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coccinellidae) from an isolated sycamore tree in Horley, Surrey, 24. ix. 2006. All adults (41) and pupae (2) were collected. However, this attempt to ‘collect out’ the species proved unsuccessful, for a week or two later it was still present in numbers on the same tree, and was also found breeding on sycamore at three other sites in the town. Most (35) were of the usual nineteen-spotted form (f. succinea), varying from some with a reduced number of spots to others with very strong spots, while five were four-spotted melanics and one a two-spotted melanic with the single red spot on each elytron having a small black ‘pupil’. Heckford, R.J. & Beavan, S.D. - A specimen and three photographs of Meloe brevicoUis Panzer (Meloidae) from an unstated locality in South Devon. On Lvi.2006 a specimen was found being blown along a path which bordered a field. Thereafter the exhibitors saw over 40 specimens between 7-24.iv.2006 in a very restricted area. The specimen exhibited was collected on 22. iv. 2006. One of the photographs was taken in the field, the others in captivity include one feeding on a leaf of Taraxacum sp. Two habitat shots were exhibited, one showing the path where the first specimen was found and the area near it where further specimens were noted, and the other of the fairly small area of comparatively long grass where many of the specimens were seen including the one exhibited. This is the first Devon record for about 100 years and the first British record since May 1948 when one was found at Chailey Common, East Sussex (Cribb, 1949. E.M.M. 85: 20). The exhibitors thank 184 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Mr J. Walters and Mr D. Mann for help with identification and information about records. Henderson, M. - A few interesting or notable beetle species. Silpha laevigata Fabr. (Silphidae), Farley Mount Country Park, Chandlers Ford, Hampshire, 29. iv. 2006; Amphimallon ochraceus (Knoch) (Scarabaeidae), Westdale Bay near Dale, Pembrokeshire, flying near coast, SM7905; 24. vi. 1999; The Rose Chafer Cetoiiia aurata (L.) (Scarabaeidae), Marloes Sands near Skomer, Pembrokeshire, SM7807, on umbellifer flowers in sunshine, 25. vi. 1999; Chrysolina americaua (L.) (Chrysome- lidae), Landseer Close, Merton Abbey, TQ2669, on lavender in garden, 4.vi.2006, first noticed in x.2004; Gonioctena clecemnotata (Marsham) (Chrysomelidae), Bricket Wood Common SSSI, St Albans, Hertfordshire, on aspen near railway station, 20.V.2006. Hodge, P.J. - Five species of Coleoptera collected in Sussex during 2006, Hypopycna rufula (Erichson) (Staphylinidae), Hastings Country Park LNR, East Sussex, TQ831 10966, 13.x. 2006, one in suction sample on undercliff; Rhyzohius chrysomeloides (Herbst) (Coccinellidae), Holmbush Centre, Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex, TQ23560612, on ornamental shrubs in Marks & Spencer car park, 4.ix.2006, a new vice-county record; Rhyzohius lophanthae (Blaisdell) (Coccinellidae), Lewes, E. Sussex, TQ4 1260948, on unidentified Cupressaceae in Priory grounds, ll.ix.2006, a new vice-county record; Otiorhyuchiis crataegi Germar (Curculionidae), Holmbush Centre, Shoreham-by-Sea, W. Sussex, TQ23500655 and TQ23500666, on ornamental shrubs in Marks & Spencer car park, 4.ix.2006, a new vice-county record; Hypera ononidis Chevrolat (Curculionidae), Hastings Country Park LNR, E. Sussex, TQ8 165 1023, 22.viii.2006, swept off restharrow Ononis repens on undercliff. Jones, R.A. - (1) Rhopalapion longirostre (Olivier) (Apionidae), finally discovered in Britain. Many specimens were found in the grounds and gardens of the Church of St Clement with St Peter, Friern Road, East Dulwich in south-east London, TQ343745, (VC 17 ‘Surrey’), 5.vi.2006 and subsequently in a nearby garden and a local garden centre on numerous dates. This distinctive weevil breeds in the developing flower heads of garden hollyhock. Althaea rosea. The extremely long rostum of the female R. longirostre (the longest of any European apionid weevil) enables the beetle to chew a deep drill-hole into the centre of the large flower buds to then lay eggs directly into the plant ovary and seeds developing within. This distinctive weevil has been expanding its European range for some years and its arrival in Britain was inevitable. (2) Unusual beetles found on London and Thames Estuary brownfield sites. Notiophilus quadripunctatus Dejean, (Carabidae), Southfields, Belvedere, West Kent, TQ501800, 28.vii.2006. Ophonus ardosiacus Lutschnik (Carabidae), Thames Barrier Park East, South Essex, TQ413800, 29. vi. 2005; Canvey Wick, South Essex, TQ767836, 7.vii.2006 and Southfields, Belvedere, West Kent, TQ501800, 28.vii.2006. Ophonus azureus (Fabr.) (Carabidae), Lodgehill Training Area, West Kent, TQ765737, 14. v. 2006. Anisodactylus poeciloides (Stephens) (Carabidae), Swanscombe Marshes, West Kent, TQ605765, 21. vi. 2006. Bradycellus distinctus (Dejean) (Carabidae), Thames Barrier Park East, South Essex, TQ4 138000, l.vii.2005. Platyderus ruficollis (Marsham) (Carabidae), Eaton Manor, Leyton, South Essex, TQ377857, 6.vi.2005 and Thames Barrier Park East, South Essex, l.iii.2006. Anuira eurynota (Panzer) (Carabidae), Thames Barrier Park East, South Essex, 3. V. 2005 and 9.vi.2005; Eaton Manor, Leyton, South Essex, TQ377857, 6.vi.2005; Swanscombe Marshes, West Kent, TQ605765, 21.vi.2006 and Sue Godfrey Nature Park, Deptford, West Kent, TQ374775, 23.vi.2006. Panagaeus bipustulatus (Fabr.) (Carabidae), Gallions Reach, Becton, South Essex, TQ443808, 12.V.2005 and BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 185 Canvey Wick, South Essex, TQ767836, 7.vii.2006. Stenolophus skrimshiranus Stephens (Carabidae), Canvey Wick, South Essex, 7.vii.2006. Stenolophus teutonus (Schrank) (Carabidae), Brent Railway Sidings, Cricklewood, Middlesex, TQ234864, 19.ix.2006. Dicheirotrichus obsoletus (Dejean) (Carabidae), Conyer Brickworks, East Kent, TQ962653, 30. v. 2006. Microlestes mimitulus (Goeze) (Carabidae), Gallions Reach, Becton, South Essex, TQ443808, 21.iv.2005; Thames Barrier Park East, South Essex, TQ41 38000, 3. v. 2005, 12. v. 2005 and 7.ix.2005; Canvey Wick, South Essex, TQ767836, 7.vii.2006 and Creekside Education Centre, Deptford, West Kent, TQ377775, 15.vi.2006; first found on the Suffolk coast in 1976, but was not recognized until 1995 this beetle was subsequently found in a few scattered coastal sites in Suffolk, Essex and Kent, usually in coastal litter; it was found in a London brownfield site in 2003 and has continued to spread until it is now widespread on brownfield sites in the Thames Estuary. Brachinus crepitans (L.) (Carabidae), Purfleet, South Essex, TQ553780, 7.x. 2005; Conyer Brickworks, East Kent, 30.V.2006 and Canvey Wick, South Essex, 7.vii.2006. Brachinus sclopeta (Fabr.) (Carabidae), Thames Barrier Park East, South Essex, 13.vi, 29. vi, l.vii, 7.ix.2005, l.iii.2006 and 13.ix.2006, this beetle has a long but rather tenuous history in Britain, reputed to have been found in Southend, South Essex and Margate, East Kent in the 19th century, the last probably genuine British record is from Beachy Head, Eastbourne, East Sussex in 1928; it was long considered doubtfully British or extinct here until this strong colony was discovered in 2005. Bledius limicoki Tottenham ( = B. germanicus Wagner) (Staphylinidae), Swanscombe Marshes, West Kent, TQ605765, 21.vi.2006, a very local species of sandy places near the coast. Aphodius foetidus (Herbst) (Scarabaeidae), Conyer Brickworks, E. Kent, 30. v. 2006, although once widespread, this beetle appears to be much less common that formerly, this specimen was found in rabbit dung but was probably also breeding in sheep dung on the neighbouring grazing meadows. Cetonia aurata (L.) the rose chafer (Scarabaei- dae), Eaton Manor, Leyton, South Essex, TQ377857, 6.vi.2005. Trixagus elateroides (Heer) (Throscidae), Eaton Manor, Leyton, South Essex, TQ377857, 6.vi.2005. Dasytes virens (Marsham) (= D. puncticoUis Reitter) (Melyridae), Swanscombe Marshes, W. Kent, 21.vi.2006, 1 female; Conyer Brickworks, E. Kent, 30. v. 2006, 2 males, and Bluewater, Dartford, West Kent, TQ580741, l.vi.2006, 1 male. Malachius vulneratus Abeille (Melyridae), Conyer Brickworks, East Kent, 30. v. 2006. Nacerdes melanura (L.) the wharf borer (Oedemeridae), Canvey Wick, S. Essex, 7.vii.2006. Ischnomera cyanea (Fabr.) (Oedemeridae), Crayford Stadium Rough, West Kent, 26.V.2006. Olibrus flavicornis (Sturm) (Phalacridae), found on almost every site, at the time of the national review of beetles in 1992 this species had not been seen since it was recorded in 1950 from Camber on the E. Sussex coast, however, it now occurs, often in huge numbers, on virtually every brownfield site in London and the Thames Estuary. Drilus flavescens (Fourcroy) (Drilidae), Crayford Stadium Rough, West Kent, TQ5 11743, 26.V.2006. Silis ruficoUis (Fabr.) (Cantharidae), Canvey Wick, South Essex, 28. vi. 2006. Variimorda villosa (Schrank) (Mordellidae), Lodgehill Training Area, West Kent, TQ765737, 18.vii.2006. Notoxus monoceros (L.) (Anthicidae), Canvey Wick, South Essex, 28. vi. 2006; Southfields, Belvedere, West Kent, 28.vii.2006. Cycladinus constrictus (Curtis) (Anthicidae), Swanscombe Marshes, West Kent, 21.vi.2006. Chrysomela populi (L.) (Chrysomelidae), Gallions Reach, Becton, South Essex, TQ443808, 29.vi.2005. Cryptocephalus aureolus Suffrian (Chrysomelidae), Bluewater, Dartford, West Kent, TQ580741, l.vi.2006. Cryptoce- phalus hypochaeridis (L.) (Chrysomelidae), Bluewater, Dartford, West Kent, l.vi.2006. Podagrica fuscicornis (L.) (Chrysomelidae), Sue Godfrey Nature Park, Deptford, West Kent, 23. vi. 2006 and Lodgehill Training Area, West Kent, 186 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 TQ765737, 18.vii.2006. Podagrica fuscipes (Fabr.) (Chrysomelidae), Southfields, Belvedere, W. Kent, 28.vii.2006. Taeniapion urticarium (Herbst) (Apionidae), Gallions Reach, Becton, South Essex, TQ443808, 12.V.2005; Brent Cross, Middlesex, TQ234879, 21.ix.2006; Brent Railway Sidings, Cricklewood, Middlesex, TQ234864, 19.ix.2006 and Clarefield Park, Brent, Middlesex, TQ234874, 21.ix.2006; although feeding on stinging nettles, a virtually ubiquitous wild plant in Britain, this weevil is surprisingly scarce; it is usually associated with rather stunted nettles growing in nutrient-poor soils in south-east England. Exapion difficile (Herbst) (Apionidae), Lodgehill Training Area, West Kent, 18.vii.2006. Penipion limonii (Kirby) (Apionidae), Conyer Brickworks, East Kent, 30. v. 2006. Sitona ambigiius Gyllenhal (Curculionidae), Brent Railway Sidings, Cricklewood, Middlesex, TQ234864, 19.ix.2006. Sitona ououidis Sharp (Curculionidae), Thames Barrier Park East, South Essex, 12.V.2005. Strophosoma faher (Herbst) (Curculionidae), Crystal Palace Park, West Kent, TQ340710, 19.V.2005. Trachyphloeiis cmgiistisetidus Hansen (Curculio- nidae), Conyer Brickworks, East Kent, 30. v. 2006. Tanymecus pcdliatiis (Fabr.) (Curculionidae), Lodgehill Training Area, West Kent, 18.vii.2006. Polydrusus formosus Mayer (Curculionidae), Gallions Reach, Becton, South Essex, 12.V.2005 and Bluewater, Hartford, West Kent, l.vi.2006; until recently this species was only recorded from Sussex, Hampshire and Kent, but has now started to be recorded in the London and Thames area. Trichosirocahis horridus (Panzer) (Curculionidae), Sue Godfrey Nature Park, Deptford, West Kent, 23. vi. 2006. Zacladiis exiguus (Olivier) (Curculionidae), Conyer Brickworks, East Kent, 7.vi.2006 and Crayford Stadium Rough, West Kent, 26. v. 2006. Microplontus campestris (Gyllenhal) (Curculionidae), Bluewater, Dartford, W. Kent, l.vi.2006. Dorytomus ictor (Herbst) (Curculionidae), Brent Cross, Middlesex, TQ234879, 21.ix.2006. Orthochaetes insignis (Aube) (Curculionidae), Conyer Brickworks, East Kent, 7.vi.2006. Jones, R.A. & Kadas, G. - Some beetles from ecoroofs (sometimes called green roofs or living roofs) in central London. Since an insect survey of ecoroofs in London in 2002, various projects have continued to monitor existing and new roofs for their wildlife interest. These roofs are often very extreme habitats favouring plant and invertebrate species that are able to conserve water during the hot dry summer period, such as those from dry sandy or chalky habitats. Depending on the type and thickness of substrate they can also become waterlogged during autumn and winter and water-loving species are also found including those from stream banks, pond edges, marshy meadows and saltmarshes. These specimens were collected during 2005 and 2006 as part of a PhD project by Ms Gyongyver Kadas and identified by Richard Jones. Polistichus connexus Fourcroy (Carabidae), pitfall trap, Barclay Building, Canary Wharf, TQ375805, 18.viii.2005. Stenolophus teutoniis (Schrank), (Carabidae), pitfall trap, London Zoo, Gift Shop Building, TQ281833, 8.vi.2006. Amara ovata (Fabr.) (Carabidae), pitfall trap, Texaco Building, Westferry Circus, Isle of Dogs, TQ371805, 14.vi.2006. Bemhidion properans Stephens (Carabidae), pitfall trap, London Zoo, Gift Shop Building, TQ281833, 7.vi.2005. Aciipalpus meridionalis (L.) (Carabidae), pitfall trap, London Zoo, Gift Shop Building, 7.vi.2005. Helophorus rufipes (Bose d’Antic), (Hydrophilidae), pitfall trap, Barclay Building, Canary Wharf, 26.x. 2005. Helophorus niibilus (Fabr.), (Helophoridae), pitfall trap, Barclay Building, Canary Wharf, 14.vi.2006. Phloiotrya vaudoueri Mulsant, (Melandryidae), pitfall trap. Grays Inn Road, London, TQ305824, 29. vi. 2006. This is unlikely to be real part of the roof fauna but probably emerged from dead logs brought to the site to enhance the landscaping of the roof substrate. Metoecus paradoxus (L.) (Rhipiphoridae), water trap, Laban Dance Centre, Deptford, TQ375776, 18.viii.2005. This is unlikely to be a true part of the roof BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 187 fauna; it breeds in the large subterranean nests of social wasps and probably flew in from a nest in a local garden or in the loft space of a nearby building. Stenopelmus rufinasus Gyllenhal, (Curculionidae), pitfall trap, Texaco Building, Westferry Circus, Isle of Dogs, TQ371805, ll.vii.2006. This is unlikely to be a true part of the roof fauna. It feeds on water fern, Azoila filiculoides, a long-naturalized native of tropical America, on ponds and slow-moving water ways such as ditches, dykes and small streams. The weevil was first discovered in Britain in 1921 and has spread to most places where the foodplant grows. It may be that the flying weevil just happened to fall into the pitfall trap, thinking it was a small water body. Ceutorhynchus picitarsis (Gyllenhal) (Curculionidae), water trap, Laban Dance Centre, Deptford, l.xi.2005. Levey, B. - Rare, notable and interesting Coleoptera collected in 2005 and 2006. Bembidion clarki Dawson and Amara spreta Dejean (Carabidae), Teesmouth National Nature Reserve, Durham, NZ5327, suction sampling in dry slack inland of sand dunes, 5.vii.2005; Pterostichus cristatus (Dufour) (Carabidae), Castle Eden Dene, Durham, NZ4339, 3.vii.2005; Acupalpus maculatus (Schaum) (Carabidae), Castle Water, Rye Harbour, East Sussex, TQ9219, numerous by suction sampling sparsely vegetated mud at water margin, 29. vi. 2006;. Dromius august us Brulle (Carabidae), Ambersham Common, West Sussex, SU9119, beaten from Pinus sp., 24. vi. 2006, and Iping Common, West Sussex, SU8421, beaten from Pinus sp., 28. vi. 2006; Lathrobium rufonitidum Reitter (Staphylinidae), Castle Water, Rye Harbour, East Sussex, TQ9219, by suction sampling sparsely vegetated mud at water margin, 29.vi.2006; Heterocenis hispidulus Kiesenwetter (Heteroceridae), Rye Harbour, East Sussex, TQ936182, on bare mud at waters edge, 29.vi.2006; Epiphanis cornutus Eschscholtz and Microrhagus pygmaeus (Fabr.) (Eucnemidae), Stedham Common, West Sussex, SU854219, beaten from twiggy brashings near very large rotten long- felled tree trunk (oak ?) in shade, 28. vi. 2006; Ptinus paliiatus Perris (Ptinidae), Windsor Great Park, Berkshire, SU950732, beaten from old oak, 10.vi.2006; Tropideres sepicolci (Fabr.) (Anthribidae), Moccas Park (Lower Park), Herefordshire, beaten from oak, S03442, 2.viii.2005; Magdalis memnonia (Gyllenhal) (Curculionidae), Ambersham Common, West Sussex, SU9119, beaten from Pinus sp., 24.vi.2006, and Iping Common, West Sussex, SU8421, beaten from Pinus sp., 28. vi. 2006. Morris, M.G. - Some captures, mostly recent, of Baridinae (Curculionidae) from Britain and Continental Europe. The subfamily Baridinae is an important one which is very speciose, particularly in the tropics. The European species exhibited all belong to the subtribe Baridina. Although many species are associated with Brassicaceae the hosts of others are very varied, making the group of particular interest in its foodplant relationships. As far as is known all the species are stem- or rootstock- feeders as larvae. The species of northern and central Europe will be keyed and illustrated by the Curculio Institute as its 2007 project. Baris analis (Olivier) - in Britain this RDB2 species is known only from the Isle of Wight and Dorset. It is quite common in the Eype Mouth area of the latter county. The pair shown come from Seatown, Dorset, SY419916, 26. v. 2004, extending the known range slightly to the west, though not constituting a new lOKm square record. The foodplant is Pulicaria dysenterica (Asteraceae). Baris artemisiae (Herbst) - local, but sometimes common where the foodplant occurs in abundance. It has been recorded throughout central Europe, but has not been found in Britain. These specimens from Bansko, Blageovgrad Province Bulgaria, 16.vii.2005, on Artemisia vulgaris (Asteraceae). Aulacobaris chlorizans (Germar) - erroneously recorded from Britain (Morris & Johnson, 2005, Coleopterist 14: 101-113), this species does not seem to be very common, though it has been recorded throughout central Europe. The hosts are species of Brassica (Brassicaceae). This example from St. Laurent de la Cabrerisse, 188 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Aude, France, 31.V.1994. Aulacobaris coerulescens (Scopoli) - this is undoubtedly the commonest species of Baridinae in central and southern Europe and it is perhaps surprising that it has never been recorded from Britain. The hosts are common species of Brassicaceae, particularly Brassica spp. These specimens, my most recent captures, are from Nr. Lagou, Nomion Lasithi, Crete, 26. v. 2006. Aulacobaris cuprirostris (Fabr.) - this very attractive, metallic-green species is also associated with various species of Brassicaceae and occurs throughout central and southern Europe. Specimens from Nr. Betis, Cadiz Province, Spain, 4.iv.l992 and from Nr. Barao de. Sao Joao, Algarve, Portugal, 5. v. 2003. Aulacobaris fallax (H. Brisout) - this species has a southern distribution in central Europe. It is associated exclusively with woad Isatis tinctoria (Brassicaceae), adults being found mainly at the bases of the host, as is the case with several other Baridinae. Specimens from Nr. Ponteves, Var, France, 20. iv. 2006. Aulacobaris janthma (Boheman) - an attractive little, purple-violet species associated with Brassicaceae, particularly Barbarea spp., common in southern Europe but not recorded from the centre. Examples from Nr. Tsarkva, Varna Province, Bulgaria, 15.vi.2006. Aulacobaris picicornis (Marsham) - probably the commonest British species of Baridiua (but Notable B) and widespread and abundant in Europe on Reseda spp. (Resedaceae), especially R. lutea. These specimens taken Nr. Lacroix, Meuse, France, 24. v. 2005. Cosmobaris scolopacea (Germar) - an uncommon British species (RDB3), restricted to saltmarshes in the south-east of England. Atriplex portulacoides (Chenopodiaceae) appears to be the main, perhaps only, host here. Specimens from Canvey Island, Essex, 19.vi.2004 (collected in company with Roger Booth and Tony Allen). Cosmobaris scolopacea (Germar) - the species is restricted by its largely maritime habitat but is fairly common in central Europe. It is one of the scaled species of Barulina, many others being scaleless. Common at St. Michel en THerm, Vendee, France, 1 l.viii.2003. Malvaevora timida (Rossi) - this large baridine is one of the commonest in southern Europe, where it is associated with several species of Malvaceae (especially Malva and Althaea spp.). Recent captures are from Nr. Milatos, Nomion Lasithi, Crete, 24. V. 2006 and Nr. Tsarkva, Varna Province, Bulgaria, 17.vi.2006. Melaleueus picturatiis (Menetries) ssp. opiparis Jacquelin du Val. This pretty little scaled species is associated with various Brassicaceae and occurs in southern, but not central, Europe. Specimens from Nr. Vranina, Varna Province, Bulgaria, 18.vi.2006. Melaleucas spoliatus (Boheman) - another species of southern, but not central, Europe, it is associated with Chenopodiaceae, especially Beta spp. and is often abundant. Examples taken Nr. Burgau, 4.V.2003 and Silves, 26. iv. 2004, Algarve, Portugal. Melanobaris atrameutaria (Boheman) - also a species of southern, but not central, Europe, it is associated with Brassicaceae, but its biology does not appear to be well known. Found nr. Kranevo, Varna Province, 7.vi.2006 and Nr. Veteren, Sofia Province, 12. vi. 2006, Bulgaria. Melanobaris cariniventris (Solari) ? ssp. joffrei Mustache - this baridine is remarkable for a curious prosternal structure, a carina set in a circular depression, and for being associated with Lamiaceae. Most records are from Phlomis herba-venti, but the shown specimens came from a species of Stachys (in some abundance). Nr. Tsarkva, Varna Province, Bulgaria, 17.vi.2006. Melano- baris erysinii (Chobaut) - an uncommon species of southern European mountains, it has been recorded from various Erysimum spp. (Brassicaceae). The shown specimens > were found on E. humile, Pont de FAlp, Hautes-Alpes, France, 30. v. 2005. Melanobaris latieollis (Marsham) - an uncommon species in southern England (Notable A), associated with a wide variety of Brassicaceae, often on the coast. Specimens from Newhaven, Sussex, 15.V.2000, (collected in company with Peter Hodge). Melanobaris morio (Boheman) ~ this species is associated with Resedaceae, BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 189 but appears to be much less common than A. picicomis, and also occurs on R. luteola (not a common host of the latter species). One recent personal record and one much less so: Nr. Trpezka, Macedonia, 17.vi.l990, and Nr. Pto. de Lagos, Algarve, Portugal, 2.V.2003 (taken in company with Peter Hodge and Tony Drane). Melanobaris quadraticoUis (Boheman) - a species of southern Europe which can be superficially mistaken for the common A. coerulescens, as it is associated with the same range of cruciferous hosts. Included though hardly a recent capture: Nr. Montecote, Cadiz Provrovince, Spain, 4.iv.l992. Plant, C. W. - Specimens and a map of the British Isles illustrating the current distribution of Pachyrrhinus lethierryi (Desbrochers) (Curculionidae), recently added to the British fauna (Plant, Morris & Heal, 2006. The Coleopterist 14: 59-65). The weevils are associated with cupressaceous trees. Teller M.G. - (1) Highlights from recording at Langley Park, Buckinghamshire, centred around TQ009819, during 2003=06. Abraeus granulum Erichson (Histeridae), Under oak bark, 16.V.2004, There has been no previous record for this Nationally Scarce (Na) species in Buckinghamshire (VC24) according to Hyman and Parsons (1992). Scydmaenus rufus Muller & Kunze (Scydmaenidae), under oak bark, 16.V.2004, RDB2 species. In recent years this has become a more frequent species in manure heaps across southern England, however, it does not appear to have been recorded from Buckinghamshire before. Trichonyx sulcicollis (Reichenbach) (Staphy- linidae), from a subterranean trap at the roots of a standing dead beech, 13.v- 16.vi.2()05, status: RDB2. Velleius dilatatus (Fabr.) (Staphylinidae), 22.vii-10.viii.2005, status: RDBl. Two aerial interception traps caught a total of four adults. This appears to be the first record for Buckinghamshire (VC24). Hypnogyra angularis Ganglbauer (Staphylinidae), one specimen found in an aerial interception trap on beech, 17.vi- 6.vii.2005, status: Nationally Scarce (Na). It is not listed for Buckinghamshire (VC24) by Hyman and Parsons (1994) but has been recorded in the county at Burnham Beeches by Peter Hammond (pers. comm.). Agrilus sulcicollis Lacordaire (Buprestidae), a single female captured by an aerial interception trap on oak, 17.vi-6.vii.2005, identity confirmed by Brian Levey. This appears to be the first record for Buckinghamsliire. Hylis olexai (Palm) (Eucnemidae), a single adult in an aerial interception trap on beech, 22.vii-10.viii. 2005, a RDB3 species not previously recorded in Buckinghamshire or neighbouring counties. Aulonothroscus brevicollis (de Bonvouloir) (Throscidae), in aerial interception trap on beech, 10.viii-19.ix.2005, status: RDB3. Elsewhere in Buckinghamshire (VC24) this species has only been recorded from Burnham Beeches by Peter Hammond (pers. comm.). Lacon querceus (Herbst) (Elateridae), a single adult, not long dead, was found in a cobweb on the trunk of a standing nearly-dead oak by Andy McVeigh, Lv.2006, the first record for Buckinghamshire and indeed the first British record away from Windsor. This RDBl /BAP species, has remained exclusive to Windsor until now, though apparently being found more regularly at Windsor in recent years. It breeds in the red-rotten hearts of oak. Ampedus cardinalis (Schiodte) (Elateridae), adults recorded in a flight interception trap on oak, 17.vi-6.vii.2005, also in a subterranean trap at oak roots, and inside a hollow oak, status: RDB2. These appear to be the first records for Buckinghamshire (VC24). Procmerus tibialis (Boisduval & Lacordaire) (Elateridae), a dead adult found in a cobweb on the trunk of a standing dead oak by Julia Carey, Lv.2006, status: RDB3. Panspaeus guttatus Sharp (Elateridae), 16.vii.2005. There are previous, unpublished records for Buckinghamshire of this naturalised click-beetle. Uleiota planata (L.) (Cucujidae), under oak bark, 16.V.2004, status: Nationally Scarce (Na). There are no records for Buckinghamshire in Hyman and Parsons (1992) and so this may be the first record for VC24. Teredus cylindricus (Olivier) (Bothrideridae), overnight 14-15.vii.2003, status: RDBl. The first 190 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 record for Buckinghamshire (VC24). Oxylaemus variolosus (Dufour) (Bothrideridae), in numbers from a subterranean trap at the roots of oak, 16.vii-29.viii.2005. This appears to be the first record for this RDB3 species in Buckinghamshire. Eulagius filicornis (Reitter) (Mycetophagidae), three individuals recorded from two aerial interception traps on beech, this specimen 1-1 7. vi. 2005. These are the first records for Buckinghamshire (VC24). Mycetochara humeralis (Fabr.) (Tenebrionidae), on a fallen beech, both by hand-searching on 16.vii.2005 and in an aerial interception trap. The only previous records for this Nationally Scarce (Na) species in Buckinghamshire (VC24) appear to be from Burnham Beeches NNR. (2) Highlights from Poole Harbour, Dorset (VC 9). Ochthephilum jacquelini (Boieldieu) (Staphylinidae), Arne RSPB, Patchin’s Point, SY984892, 03.vii.2005, {The Coleopterist, 15: 78) a RDBI indeterminate species. Rypohius praetermissus Bowestead (Corylophidae), south of Jerry’s Point, Studland, SZ027860, by tussocking Juncus maritimus {The Coleopterist 15: 77-78), 23. ix. 2005, 6th-12th British specimens, first British record since 1931, 2nd record for Studland, status: RDBK. Thiyogenes fiorii Zumpt (Erirhinidae), Holton Lee, SY95849212, in wet woodland, 29.vii.2005, new to Dorset {The Coleopterist 15: 1 15). Cassida nehulosa L. (Chrysomelidae), Arne RSPB, Patchin’s Point, SY984892, 03.vii.2005, status: RDBI - indeterminate. (3) Highlights from Rye Harbour, East Sussex (VC 14). Lathrobium rufonitidum Reitter (formerly L. fenuicum Renkonen) (Staphylinidae), Rye Harbour NR, TQ940182, brackish pool 12.viii.2005, status: RDBI - indeterminate. Acupalpus maeulatus Schaum (Carabidae), Gasson’s Hollow, Rye Harbour NR, TQ940182, 15.vii.2005. Evidence of a slow expansion away from Dungeness for this fairly recent colonist. (4) Other finds. Maerorhyncohis littoral is (Broun) (Curculionidae), Bally teige Burrow NR, Co. Wexford, Republic of Ireland, S938056, 40 individuals in two colonies under driftwood on the beach, 27. vi. 2006, new to Ireland. The only other Palaearctic records appear to be two from Kent in 1987 (2 individuals) and 1988 (1 individual). Gyrophaena joyioides Wusthoff (Staphylinidae), Springfield, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire (VC 56), SK5741, five from decaying Dryad’s Saddle Polyporus squamosus on Sycamore stump, 18.vii.2006, apparently new to VC 56. Anaspis septentrioualis Champion (Scraptiidae), Carngafallt RSPB Cpt. 2, Cwm yr Esgob ‘parkland’, Breconshire (VC 42), SN9365, 29.V.2004, first record for Wales. Confirmed by Brian Levey; may be synonymous with A. thoracica (L.). Walters, J.M. - Photographs of beetles showing feeding behaviour: Licinus pimetatulus (Fabr.) (Carabidae), West Bay, Dorset SY456905, 15.x. 2004; Carabus intricatus (L.) (Carabidae), Dartmoor, South Devon, vi.2006; Calosoma inquisitor (L.) (Carabidae), Hawns and Dendles Wood, Dartmoor v.2003; Dendroxena quadrimaculata (Scopoli) (Silphidae), White Wood, Dartmoor, South Devon, SX690721, two beaten from oaks at edge of woodland, 3. vi.2006; Meloe rugosus (Marsham) (Meloidae), Bolt Tail, South Devon, SX673391, found dead on cliff top vegetation, 12.iv.2006, probably the first Devon record since the 1820s. Whitton, P. - Twenty-five species of Carabidae recorded in a mercury vapour light trap in the exhibitor’s garden at Hampton Poyle, Oxfordshire, SP504157, between 24.vii.-8.viii.2006. Species marked with an asterisk (*) were also recorded at MV light by S. A. Lane and D. J. Mann from Bubbenhall Bridge stables, Warwickshire, SP353728 on 8-9. viii. 2004 {The Coleopterist 15: 79-91). Notiophilus suhstriatus G. R. Waterhouse, 8. viii. 2006; Dyschirius politus (Dejean), 25.vii.2006; ^Treehus quadristriatus (Schrank), 6. viii. 2006; Bembidion {Philoehtlms) aeneimi Germar, 25.vii.2006; B. {Philoehtlms) lunulatum (Fourcroy), 25.vii.2006; BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 191 B. (Eupetedromus) dentellum (Thunberg), 6.viii.2006; *B. (Notaphus) varium (Olivier), 28.vii.2006; B. (Diplocampa) assimile Gyllenhal, 5.viii.2006; B. s.str. quadrimaculatum (L.), 25.vii.2006; Amara (Celia) bifrons (Gyllenhal), 27.vii.2006; *A. (Bradytus) apricaria (Paykull), 5.viii.2006; *^. {Bradytus) consularis (Duftschmid), 26.vii.2006; *A. (Curtonotus) aulicus (Panzer), 25.vii.2006; ^A. {Curtonotus) convexiusculus (Marsham), 5.viii.2006; *Harpalus {Pseudophonus) rufipes (De Geer), 24.vii.2006; Ophonus s.str. ardosiacus Lutschnik, 6.viii.2006; O. (Metophonus) puncticeps Stephens, 26.vii.2006; ^Ophonus {Metophonus) rufibarbis (F.), 25.vii.2006; *Stenolophus mixtus (Herbst), 25.vii.2006; *Bradycellus harpalinus (Audinet-Serville), 26.vii.2006; *B. verbasci (Duftschmid), 27.vii.2006; *Chlaenius vestitus (Paykull), 5.viii.2006; Perigona nigriceps (Dejean), 25.vii.2006, may be new to Oxfordshire; Dromius meridionalis Dejean, 4.viii.2006; *D. quadrimaculatus (L.) 25.vii.2006. Wilson, M. - (1) Draft plates for a new identification guide to British Carabidae, to be published as a replacement for Lindroth (1974) in the Handbook Series by the Royal Entomological Society of London early in 2007. The images for the plates by James Turner, National Museum of Wales, will illustrate all genera and subgenera and the text is written by Martin Luff. (2) Two specimens of the Capricorn Beetle Cerambyx cerdo (L.) (Cerambycidae) which emerged from timber in west Wales in June 2006. These were subjects of significant media attention and also plenty of misinformation. It now seems that the specimens emerged from a piece of oak that originated from France, so the record is really of a ‘quarantine intercept’ rather than a native record. Hemiptera Albertini, M. - Corizus hyoscyami (L.) (Rhopalidae), Burnham Beeches NNR, Buckinghamshire, 3.x. 2006, tapped from large thistle in recently cleared and now grazed mire area, first county record. Alexander, K.N.A. - Aphanus rolandri (L.) (Lygaeidae), Pentireglaze Haven, E. Cornwall, SW 9379, one found crossing coastal footpath in area of heath and scrub, 2.viii.2006, only second recent county record of this rare seed bug. Bowdrey, J. - Brachycarinus tigrinus (Schilling) (Rhopalidae) Bawdsey Ferry beach, TM3337, 16.viii.2005, on the exhibitor’s wife!, Nationally Notable, new to Suffolk; Arenocoris falleni (Schilling) (Coreidae), Arlesford, N. Essex, TM0521, 1 .vii.2006, under Erodium rosettes, local, apparently spreading; Syromastus rhombeus (L.) (Coreidae), Thorpe-le-Soken, TM 173229; 16.ix.2006, flew into house window on sunny afternoon, local, a recent colonist in N.E. Essex, Suffolk and Norfolk; Oeciacus hirundinis (Lamarck) (Cimicidae), Thorpe-le-Soken, TM 173229, 26. ix. 2006, martin bug, two live examples from a house martin’s nest. Brooke, S. & Nalf, B. - Brachynotocoris puncticoniis Reuter (Miridae: Orthotylini), new to Britain, numbers on two ash trees just east of Bedford, 15.viii.2006, exhibited with close relatives Platycranus bicolor Douglas & Scott and Orthotylus virescens Douglas & Scott for comparison; exhibit of four closely-related Anthocoris species: Anthocoris minki minki Dohrn, an infrequently recorded predatory anthocorid on Lombardy poplar, Populus italica; Anthocoris visci Douglas, similar to previous species but host is mistletoe; Anthocoris simulans Reuter, similar to previous species but host is ash; Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabr.) a very common species and found with all of the previous species; Oeciacus hirundinis (Lamarck) (Cimicidae), a parasite of house martins, numbers found in used nest, i.2006, Eversholt, Bucks; exhibit of all five British species of Corixa (Corixidae) with current British distribution maps 192 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 and critical identification characters: Corixa qffinis Leach and Corixa panzeri (Fieber), both small species, difficult to distinguish in isolation; Corixa dentipes (Thomson), Corixa punctata Illiger and Corixa iberica Jansson. Dickson, R.J. - Lygus pratensis (L.), five at MV light, Horsea Island, South Hampshire (SU6304, VC 11) 21.vii.2006; one in garden moth-trap, Fareham, South Hampshire (SU579069, VC 11) 23.viii.2006. Aphanus rolandri (L.), running over large pine log, Southampton Common, South Hampshire (SU4114, VC 11) 5.viii.2006, D.M. Appleton. His first record of this species, David gave this to the exhibitor shortly before his death on 14.ix also on Southampton Common. Nysius graminicola (Kolenati), eight examples; one swept from sparse vegetation on shingle. East bank of Hamble estuary. South Hampshire (SU4806, VC 11) 6.ix.2006; five swept from emergent vegetation on clay over chalk, Wallington, South Hampshire (SU5807, VC.l 1) 27.viii.2006; one swept from vegetation over shingle, Browndown, South Hampshire (SZ5699, VCll) 16.viii.2006; one swept from recently established bank of car-park, Lee-on-Solent, South Hampshire (SZ5599, VC 11) 16.viii.2006; one in a sleeve of Lappet larvae, Fareham, South Hampshire (SU579069, VC 11) 14.x. 2006. Nysius senecionis (Schilling), two swept from emergent vegetation on clay over chalk, Wallington, South Hampshire (SU5807, VC 1 1) 27.viii.2006. This species is closest to N. graminicola, from which it is distinguished by the relatively shorter hind basitarsus and the more extensive dull area around the stink gland opening. It may occur (as here) with N. graminicola. Drymus latus Douglas & Scott, one by sweeping, Botley Wood, South Hampshire (SU5410, VC 11) Lviii.2004. Gibbs, D. - Gargara genistae (Fabr.) (Membracidae), Elveden (Center Parcs), TL8080, West Suffolk, VC 26, 26.vii.2006 Halstead, A.J. - Sehirus luctuosus Mulsant & Rey (Cydnidae), Knaphill, Surrey, SU964587, garden, 14. v. 2006; Corizus hyoscyami (L.) (Rhopalidae), Wigmore Rolls Wood, Herefordshire, S0397688, 22.x. 2006, normally a coastal species in SW England and S Wales; Stictopleurus ahutilon (Fabr.) (Rhopalidae), RHS Garden, Hyde Hall, near Rettenden, Essex, TQ780997, 7.viii.2006, swept; Rhacognathus punctatus (L.) (Pentatomidae), Black Pond, Esher Common, Surrey, TQ 129621, 16.vii.2006, swept; Rliopalus rufus Schilling (Rhopalidae), Horsell Common, near Woking, Surrey, TQ007606, 27.viii.2006, swept. Harvey, M.C. - Records of the Box bug, Gonocerus acuteangulatus (Goeze) (Coreidae) in Buckinghamshire, including a county map showing eight records for 2005-2006. Records have been collected from Leyland Cypress Cupressocyparis leylandii in the recorder’s garden. Juniper Juniperus communis on chalk downland at Grangelands SSSI, mixed woodland on clay and deciduous woodland on chalk. Hawkins, R.D. - A selection of Heteroptera from the eastern Netherlands in July 2006, found during and after a conference of the International Heteropterists’ Society. The species shown are either rare in Britain, new arrivals, or potential immigrants. All are Pentatomidae except the species of Stephanitis which are Tingidae. All nymphs were reared out. (1) From the National Park ‘De Hoge Veluwe’, near the Hoenderloo gate, 23.vii: Elasmucha ferrugata (Fabr.), adult and three last-instar nymphs on bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus; Ruhiconia intermedia (WolfO, adult and four last-instar nymphs on bilberry; Holcostetlms vernalis (Wolff), fourth-instar nymph tapped from bilberry mixed with heather and a young birch. Two of these species have been found in Britain but the third, Ruhiconia intermedia, is unlikely to occur here. Its most distinctive feature is the notched head. (2) From Wageningen: Arma custos (Fabr.), last-instar nymph beaten from lime, 2Lvii; Stephanitis takeyai Drake & Mao, on both Rhododendron and Pieris, 19.vii. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 193 (3) From Wolfheze, 22.vii: Graphosoma Uneatum (L.), adults and nymphs swept from roadside verge; Stephanitis oberti (Kolenati), on Rhododendron together with S. takeyai. The latter species was recently found in Britain attacking the leaves of Pieris in gardens {BJENH 16: 3-6), but S. oberti has not yet been found here. The most obvious difference between these species is the colour of the veins of the projecting hood, just behind the head. These veins are creamy-white in S. oberti but black in S. takeyai. Hodge, P.J. - Four species of Heteroptera collected in Hampshire and Sussex during 2006. Arctocorisa germari (Fieber) (Corixidae), Hastings Country Park LNR, East Sussex, TQ84871112, one male in pond, 24.x. 2006, a new vice county record; Sigara iactans Jansson (Corixidae), Castle Water, Rye Harbour LNR, East Sussex, TQ927 11885, 6.xi.2006, in recently excavated lake (with the common S. falleni (Fieber) from the same site for comparison; Gonocerus acuteangulatus Goeze (Coreidae), Sinah Common, Hayling Island, S. Hampshire, SZ69869946, 10.viii.2006, final instar nymph beaten off sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus foliage; Spathocera dahlmanni (Schilling) (Coreidae), Hurston Warren, Storrington, W. Sussex, TQ067171, 3.vii.2006, two swept off sheep’s sorrel Rumex acetosella growing on recently created sandy bank (part of a heathland reclamation project in a private garden). Jones, R.A. — Unusual bugs found on London and Thames Estuary brownfield sites. Eurygaster maura (L.), Scutelleridae, Crayford Stadium Rough, W. Kent, TQ5 11743, 26. V. 2006. Neottiglossa pusilla (Gmel.), Pentatomidae, Crayford Stadium Rough, W. Kent, 26. v. 2006. Sciocoris cursitans (Fabr.), Pentatomidae, Bluewater, Hartford, W. Kent, TQ580741, l.vi.2006. Gonocerus acuteangulatus (Goeze), Coreidae, Clarefield Park, Brent, Middlesex, TQ234874, 21. ix. 2006. This was once regarded as one of the rarest bugs in Britain, and since its discovery in the late 19th century it was long known only from a few box trees on the precipitous slopes of Box Hill, Surrey. However, during the 1990s it was found at first one, and then other Surrey localities and has continued to spread. It is now known throughout most of that county and has recently started to appear in Kent and Sussex. The reason for its increase appears to be a change in its foodplant preference from the very restricted box tree to hawthorn, apple, and honeysuckle. Syromastus rhombeus (L.), Coreidae, Crystal Palace Park, W. Kent, TQ340710, 30.viii.2005; Gallions Reach, Becton, S. Essex, TQ440810, 21.iv.2005; Lodgehill Training Area, W. Kent, TQ765737, 18.vii.2006; Canvey Wick, S. Essex, TQ767836, 28.vi.2006. Stictopleurus abutilon (Rossi), Rhopalidae, found on almost every site. At the time of the national review of the British Hemiptera in 1992, this bug had only been found in the UK on a handful of occasions, the last being in 1948, and it was regarded as being extinct. During 1996 it was found in several localities in southern England and appears to have successfully recolonized Britain. Since then it has been recorded on many occasions. Like the following species it has become a species typical of the dry, well-drained and sparsely vegetated brownfield sites in and around urban London. It has been found on virtually every brownfield site visited during this survey. Stictopleurus punctatonervosus (Goeze), Rhopalidae, found on almost every site. At the time of the national review of British Hemiptera (Kirby, 1992), this species was also regarded as being extinct. It had been recorded from only two localities in Britain, the last in 1870. It appears to have successfully recolonized Britain since it was recorded in Essex in 1997. Like the preceding species it has now become a species typical of the dry, well-drained and sparsely vegetated brownfield sites in and around urban London and the Thames Estuary. It is usually found on every site visited. Chorosoma schillingi Schill., Rhopalidae, Brent Railway Sidings, Cricklewood, Middlesex, 194 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20; 2007 TQ232869, 19.ix.2006; Borax Factory Works, Frith, W. Kent, TQ497807, 14.ix.2006. Brachycarinus tigrimis ScilL, Rhopalidae, Swanscombe Marshes, W. Kent, TQ605765, 21. vi. 2006; Thames Barrier Park East, S. Essex, TQ413800, 13. ix. 2006; Woolwich, W. Kent, TQ412785, 13. ix. 2006; Southfields, Belvedere, W. Kent, TQ501800, 13.ix.2006. This distinctive bug was first found in Britain in 2003, in Battersea Park, central London. It has since been found in several localities in Essex and will probably spread over much of southern Britain just as the two species of Stictopleurus have done. Liorhyssus hyalinus (Fabr.), Rhopalidae, Thames Barrier Park East, S. Essex, 13.ix.2006. Single specimens of this bug have been found over the years, but the likelihood must be that it will become successfully established here like the other members of this family that have recently arrived and spread in Britain. Alychis calcaratus (L.), Alydidae, Stratford Railway Line, S. Essex, TQ392833, 13.vii.2005; Erith Gravel Pit, W. Kent, TQ503780, 20. ix. 2006. Megalonotus antennatus (Schill.), Lygaeidae, Eaton Manor, Leyton, S. Essex, TQ377857, 6.vi.2005. Raglius alhoacuminatus (Goeze), Lygaeidae, Eaton Manor, Leyton, S. Essex, 6.vi.2005; Gallions Reach, Becton, S. Essex, TQ443808, 12. v. 2005; Coldharbour Works, Rainham, S. Essex, TQ5 14805, 1 l.vii.2006; Centre for Wildlife Gardening, East Dulwich, London, Surrey, TQ338755, 3.x. 2006. Dictyla convergens (H.-S.), Tingidae, Crayford Stadium Rough, W. Kent, 19. vi. 2006. Dictyonota tricornis (Schr.), Tingidae, Southfields, Belvedere, W. Kent, 14.ix.2006. Glohiceps cruciatus Ruet., Miridae, Lodgehill Training Area, W. Kent, 18.vii.2006. Asiraca clavicornis (Fabr.), Delphacidae, Gallions Reach, Becton, S. Essex, 21.iv.2005; Belvedere, W. Kent, 6.ix.2006. Malumphy, C.P., Reid, S. & Collins, D.W. - First British record for Corythiicha ciliata (Say) (Tingidae). Collected by the Plant Health and Seeds Inspectorate of Defra from one of two infested commercial nurseries in Bedfordshire during September and October 2006. Both adults and nymphs were found infesting London plane {Platamis x acerifolia) and oriental plane {P. orientalis L.) trees that had been imported from France and Italy. Some of the infested trees were 10 m tall and some had been imported six years previously. The bugs had also spread to mature locally grown plane trees outside one of the nurseries. The species is native to North America, but was accidentally introduced to Italy in the 1960s and has since spread through much of southern and central Europe. It feeds on Platanus spp., especially P. occidentalis L. In northern Italy the lace bug is associated with two fungal diseases, Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis & Halsted forma platani Walter and Apiognomonia veneta (Sacc. & Speg.) Hohn, which in combination with the lace bug, cause decline and death of the trees. Hymenoptera Alexander, K.N.A. - Ponera coarctata (Latreille) (Formicidae) from a new Cornish locality. A worker of this species was taken on 2.viii.2006 at Pentire Point, East Cornwall, SW9280 from beneath a thyme mat on a rock outcrop with a south- west aspect. This is the first county record for this rare ant away from The Lizard. Archer, M.E. - (1) English Hymenoptera. Pompilidae: Priocnemis coriacea Dahlbom, 28. v. 2006, Spalford Warren, Nottinghamshire, SK8368. Eumenidae: Odynerus melanocephalus (Gmelin) 2.vii.2006, West Cliff, Isle of Portland, Dorset, SY6872. Sphecidae: Crossocerus leucostomus (L.), 3.vi.2006, Spalford Warren, Nottinghamshire, SK8368; Passaloecus eremita Kohl, ll.vii.2006, Spalford Warren, Nottinghamshire; Stigmus pendidns Panzer, 12.ix.2006, Leicester. Anthophoridae: Nomada sexfasciata Panzer, 25. vi. 2006, Prawle Point, Devon, SX7735; Eucera BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20; 2007 195 longicornis (L.), 25. vi. 2006, Prawle Point, Devon, SX7735. Andrenidae: Andrena iabiata Fabr., 28.vi.2006, Soar Mill Cove, South Devon, SX6937. (2) French and Italian Hymenoptera. Anthophoridae: Eucera nigrescens Perez, 17. V.2002, St. Laurent“deS“Auteis, Maine-et-Loire, France, XT34; 19.V.2002, Lacave, Lot, France, CK86. Andrenidae: Andrena jiorea Fabr., 20. v. 1998, Saumur, Maine-et- Loire, France, YT14; also 6.vi.2004, Challends, Vendee, France, WS88; Andrena bimacuiata (Kirby), 26. hi. 1994, Villie Morgan, Rhone, France FMll; Andrena proxima (Kirby), 17.V.1998, Bellevue-de-Montange, Haut-Loire, France, EL60; Andrena minutuloides Perkins, 4.vi.2004, la Bosse, He de Noirmoutier, Vendee, France, WT50, Andrena alfkenella Perkins, 9.vi.l999, Pescia, Tuscany, Italy. Dickson, R.J. - Hymenoptera recorded in 2006. Chrysididae: Trichrysis cyanea (L.), 4.vii.2006, malaise trap, Wickham Common, Hants., VCll, SU5810. Tiphiidae: Tiphia minuta Vander Linden, 4.vii.2006, malaise trap, Wickham Common, Hants., veil, SU5810. Pompilidae: Caliadurgus fasciatellus (Spinola), 3.vii.2006, malaise trap, Wickham Common, Hants., VCll, SU5810; Anoplius nigerrimus (Scopoli), 18. vi. 2006, malaise trap, Wickham Common, Hants., VCll, SU5810. Eumenidae: Ancistrocerus gazeiia (Panzer), St James’ Hospital, Portsmouth, Hants., SU5810. Sphecidae: Astata boops (Schrank), 3.vii.2006, malaise trap, Wickham Common, Hants., VCll, SU5810; Ectemnius cavifrons (Thomson), 3.vii.2006, malaise trap, Wickham Common, Hants., VCll, SU5810; E. cephalotes (Olivier), 4.vii.2006, malaise trap, Wickham Common, Hants., VCl 1, SU5810; also 16.vii.2006, Fareham, Hants., SU579069. Gibbs, D. - Hymenoptera collected in 2006. Ichneumonidae: Piogaster albina Perkins, 28. v. 2006, Tucking Mill, North Somerset, VC6, fourth British specimen. Argidae: Arge berberis Schrank, 17.vi.2006, Troopers Hill, Bristol, VC36, ST6273, new to Bristol. Pompilidae: Aporus unicolor Spinola, 17.viii.2006, Tucking Mill, North Somerset, VC6; Arachnospila minutula (Dahlbom), 2.vi.2006, Troopers Hill, Bristol, VC36, ST6273. Sphecidae: Crossocerus walker! (Schuckard), 28. vi. 2006, Bathford Paper Mill, North Somerset, ST7967. Colletidae: Colletes hederae Schmidt & Westrich, 15.x. 2006, Brean Down, North Somerset, VC6, ST2958. Andrenidae: Andrena nitidiuscula Schenck, 14.vii.2006, Nockatt Coppice, Longleat Centre Parcs, Wiltshire, VC8, ST8242; Andrena congruens Schmiedeknecht, 14.vii.2006, Nockatt Coppice, Longleat Centre Parcs, Wiltshire, VC8, ST8242. Halstead, A.J. - Some local Hymenoptera taken in 2006. Siricidae: Sirex noctilio (Fabr.), 3Lviii.2006, flying around damaged scots pine, Brentmoor Heath, West End, Surrey, SU935613. Tenthredinidae: Dolerus madidus (Klug) and Pristiphora maesta (Zaddach), 13.V.2006, swept, The Sturts, near Ailey, Herefordshire, SO336480; P. amphibola (Foerster), 12.V.2006, swept. Nether Wood, S of Hereford, Herefordshire, SO520337; P. saxsenii (Hartig), 4.V.2006, swept. Hook Wood, NW of Guildford, Surrey, SU964494; Dolerus megapterus Cameron, 14.V.2006, swept, Rhosgoch NNR, near Rhos Goch, Radnorshire, SO 197489; Pristiphora carinata (Hartig), 14.V.2006, swept, Rhosgoch NNR, near Rhos Goch, Radnorshire, SO 197489. Mutillidae: Mutilla europaea L., 5.viii.2006, swept, Horsell Common, Woking, Surrey, TQ008606. Vespidae: Polistes dominulus (Christ), 13.viii.2006, on Echinops flowers. Ham House, Richmond, Surrey, TQ173730, established for several years at this site. Anthophoridae: Eucera longicornis (L.), 29.vi.2006, swept, Pevensey Levels, Pevensey, East Sussex, TQ666074. Hawkins, R.D. - A female sawfly Diprion simile (Hartig) (Diprionidae), reared from a cocoon found on a head of Molinia grass near a pine tree, Stanners Hill, Chobham, Surrey, TQ001633, 3.vii.2006. The adult emerged on 16.vii.2006. This pine feeding species is very similar to D.pini (L.) but is much less common. 196 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Jones, R.A. - (1) The paper wasp Polistes dominulus (Christ) confirmed nesting in wild in Britain. On 13.ix.2006 several males of this species were recorded at Thames Barrier Park East, South Essex, TQ4 13800. A few weeks later a nest was discovered in a bush in a nearby ornamental garden, and another later found in the park itself. Although noted as nesting under the eaves of Ham House for several years, this is the first instance of this species nesting in truly ‘wild’ conditions in Britain. (2) Unusual Hymenoptera found on London and Thames Estuary brownfield sites. Formicidae: Ponera coarctata (Latreille), 21.ix.2006, River Brent, Middlesex, TQ240873; 19.vii.2006, Conyer Brickworks, East Kent, TQ962653; l.vi.2006, Bluewater, Dartford, West Kent, TQ580741. Chrysididae: Hedychrum niemela Linsenmaier, 12.vii.2006, Bluewater, Dartford, West Kent, Hedychridium cirdens (Latreille), 28. vi. 2006, Canvey Wick, South Essex, TQ767836; Chrysis viridula (L.), 2Lvi.2006, Swanscombe Marshes, West Kent, TQ605765. Tiphiidae: Tiphia femorata Fabr., 12.vii.2006, Bluewater, Dartford, West Kent. Sphecidae: Cerceris quinque- fasciata (Rossius), Lvii.2005, Thames Barrier Park East, South Essex, TQ4 13800; Lestiphorus (Gorytes) hicinctus (Rossius), 29. vi. 2005, Gallions Reach, Becton, South Essex, TQ443808; Phdcmthus trianguliim (Fabr.), 7.ix.2005, Stratford Railway Line, South Essex, TQ388840; 19.vii.2006, Conyer Brickworks, East Kent; Nysson trimacidatus (Rossius), 29. vi. 2005, Gallions Reach, Becton, South Essex, TQ443808. Halictidae: Lasioglossum malachurum (Kirby), 21.iv.2005, Gallions Reach, Becton, South Essex. Megachilidae: Stelis punctulatissima (Kirby), 13.vii.2005, Stratford Railway Line, South Essex, TQ388840; Hoplitis claviventris (Thomson), 13.vii.2005, Stratford Railway Line, South Essex. Anthophoridae: Nomada fu/vicornis Fabr., 21.vi.2006, Gallions Reach, Becton, South Essex, TQ443808; N. fucata Panzer, 3. v. 2005. Melittidae: Melitta leporina (Panzer), 25.vii,2005, Stratford Railway Line, South Essex. Andrenidae; Pcumrgus calcaratus (Scopoli), 12.vii.2006, Bluewater, Dartford, West Kent; 13.vii.2006, Sue Godfrey Nature Park, Depford, West Kent, TQ374775. Colletidae: Hylaeus conmtus Curtis, Lvii.2005, Thames Barrier Park East, South Essex; Lvi.2006, Bluewater, Dartford, West Kent; l.vi.2006, Southfields, Belvedere, West Kent, TQ501800; Hylaeus signatus, 28.vii.2006, Southfields, Belvedere, West Kent; 19.vii.2006, Conyer Brick- works, East Kent; 12.vii.2006, Bluewater, Dartford, West Kent. Xylocopidae: Ceratina cyanea (Kirby), l.vi.2006, Bluewater, Dartford, West Kent. Apidae: Bombus hypnorum L., 10.vi.2005, Crystal Palace Park, West Kent, TQ340710. Knill-Jones, S. - British parasitic Hymenoptera. A photograph taken by Tim Norris of Stauropoctouus bombycivorus (Gravenhorst) (Ichneumonidae) taken on 5.viii.2006 in Parkhurst Forest, Isle of Wight, a new vice county record for this species. Merrifield, R.K & Merrifield, R.M. - Some species recorded in 2006. Sphecidae: Crabro scutellatus (Scheven), 26. vi. 2006, Burton Pond Reserve, West Sussex, SU977178. Andrenidae: Andrena labiata (Fabr.), 28. vi. 2006, Ebernoe Common, West Sussex, SU97627L Halictidae: Spechodes spimdosus von Hagens, 1 Lvi.2006, Butler’s Hangings BBOWT Reserve, West Wycombe, Bucks, SU8 18962. Orthoptera Collins, G.A. - Male and female specimens of the Sickle-bearing Bush-cricket Phaneroptera falcata Poda, taken from a substantial breeding colony in August 2006 on the cliffs at Hastings in Sussex. This colony was comprised of both adults and last instar nymphs, which suggests it had been founded at least a year earlier. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 197 Barclay, M.V. - A live female of Phaneroptera nana Fieber, the Southern Sickle- bearing Bush-cricket. This was reared from a nymph collected in August 2006 from Fulham in London, where there is a small colony of this species which is newly established in the UK. Hawkins, R.D. - Two female specimens of the Southern Oak Bush-cricket Meconema meridionale Costa, from Horley, Surrey, 19.xi.2006, found dead but undamaged on a suburban pavement under oak and hornbeam trees, at the same spot as three specimens found last year, 24.ix.2005. Unlike most other Orthoptera, specimens of Meconema retain their green colour after death. Dermaptera Alexander, K.N.A. - Forficula lesnei Finot (Forficulidae), a specimen of this rare earwig found beneath the bark of an old apple tree, 9.x. 2006, Rough Hill Orchard, Birlingham, Worcs., S09244. Trichoptera Ross, E. - Caddisflies collected from the Lake District 14-27. vii. 06. A total of 30 species was recorded from 22 localities. Eight of the localities did not previously have any caddisfly records. Some of the photographs will be published in a forthcoming FSC Guide to the adult caddisflies or sedge flies {Trichoptera). General Gardiner, B.O.C. - A display of butterflies and moths on postcards, reward cards, cigarette cards, greeting cards and similar ephemera. (1) From 1920-1940, the British Museum (Natural History) issued 310 insect postcards, in packets of 5 with descriptive text. Numbers 1-40 were in monochrome and the rest in colour. Cards 282-300 were by F.W. Frohawk, while 301-305 were extra large size. These were compared with modern (1993) cards issued by the museum. (2) Reward cards were produced primarily by Cadbury’s Cocoa and were intended to be presented to school children for good behaviour, good work, regular attendance etc. The same colour printings were taken up and used by various other bodies such as London County Council, School Board for London, Erith etc.. The exhibitor does not relate how successful these were in improving children’s behaviour. (3) Tuck’s postcards. Famous for producing thousands of different cards for over a century, the butterfly ones mainly date from c. 1900-1 940 and were produced in a variety of formats in packets of six. All were issued ‘plain’, others had ‘cut-out wings’ which could be pushed up so the butterfly appeared to be flying, while yet another set were ‘embossed’ which was meant to give a 3-D effect. (4) A selection of Young Ladies with butterfly or moth wings from a set of 50 cigarette cards issued by Players Cigarettes in the 1920s. (5) Additional series. Finch, A. - (a) A beautiful bound copy of the Lepidoptera of Kent by J.M. Chalmers-Hunt recently bought at an entomological fair. The previous owner, whose name and address are written on the inside cover, was a close friend of Michael and had annotated the photograph on page xiv - a lovely tribute to the author, (b) An Ordnance Survey Map Sheet 170, London SW, Surrey, scale one inch to one mile, with annotations identifying the homes of Russell Bretherton and 198 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Laurie Christie and other entomologists. Sites of entomological interest were also highlighted. Hitchcock, G. Information on Buglife’s ‘All of a Buzz in the Thames Gateway ‘ Project. The organisation’s aims are to gather invertebrate records on brownfield sites in the Thames Gateway and raise awareness of the importance of these sites for wildlife and people at a national level. To date more than 1000 brownfield sites have been identified in the region, and of those that have not yet been built on, over a quarter have been identified as being of high potential importance for invertebrates. Species of high conservation interest included the bumblebees Bomhus sylvarum (L.) and B.humilis Illiger, rare solitary wasps such as Cerceris quinqiiefasciata (Rossius) and the Toadlax Brocade moth Calophasia lunula (Hufn.). Lonsdale, D. - Boreholes of a large insect in a section of decaying oak {Quercus rohur) found by Ted Green in Windsor Forest, October 2006. Parsons, M. S. - A display by Butterfly Conservation giving information on the National Moth Recording Scheme (now called Moth Count, see www.mothscount. org), along with information and fact sheets on various UK Biodiversity Action Plan moths and butterflies. Revels, R.C. - An extensive display of high quality photographs of British insects from the exhibitor’s large collection of Natural History pictures. These included: 50 photos of Lepidoptera, 20 photos of Odonata, 43 photos of Coleoptera and a series of photos of the bee-wolf Philantlms triangulum (Fabr.) in flight capturing honeybee prey. Also on display was a recent article by the exhibitor from British Wildlife (August 2006) entitled ‘More on the rise and fall of the Holly blue butterfly Celastrina argiolus’. This included photographs of a parasitoid of the butterfly, Cotesia inducta (Papp) new to Britain, which subsequently proved to be widespread in the exhibitor’s home county of Bedfordshire. Terry, R. - An invitation to join the www. disectiongroup.co.uk website which covers methods of dissection and photography of macro- and micromoth genitalia. This is an ongoing project organised by Brian Goodey, county moth recorder for Essex. Young, D.A. - An album of photographs of mostly UK field localities visited by the exhibitor over many years, with brief notes on Lepidoptera species recorded. ANNOUNCEMENT AES Exhibition Date Change Please note that this year’s Amateur Entomologists’ Society Annual Exhibition and Trade Fair will take place at Kempton Park Racecourse on Saturday 22nd September 2007, from 1 1.00am^.30pm. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 199 SHORT COMMUNICATION Somotrichus unifasciatus (Dejean) (Carabidae) in Britain. - The purpose of this note is to detail all the available British records of this species, which is not uncommon in museum collections, and likely to cause difficulties for anyone attempting to name undetermined specimens using existing keys to the British fauna. Somotrichus unifasciatus (Dejean) is a distinctive carabid (Fig. 1), 3-4.5 mm in length, orange-brown, with a broad black or chocolate brown band across the elytra. In some specimens, this band extends along the elytral suture to the base of the scutellum. It is quite a broad, dorso-ventrally depressed species. The elytra are clothed in fine testaceous hairs, as well as numerous long erect setae. This species has a cosmopolitan distribution, and through the assistance of man, occurs virtually worldwide. It was originally described from Mauritius, with holotypes from Malaya (mainland Malaysia) but its true natural origins are not known. However, it was found in accumulated bat droppings in a cave in Ivory Coast, West Africa (Woodroffe & Halstead, 1959) who also state that it is frequently imported into this country on Brazil nuts, but has not yet established in the open’. Fig. 1. Habitus Somotrichus unifasciatus (Dejean), x 18 J. Denton. 200 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 It is predatory on other insects, and frequently found in ships and docks in cargo (especially ground nuts and brazil nuts, see below). Modern control procedures have severely reduced insect infestation of cargoes and this may explain why their have been no records since the 1950s. It has turned up on a number of occasions in the British Isles with some evidence of breeding, but has not become permanently established. It is not included in the British Checklist (Pope, 1977) but it has occurred far more frequently than many other imported beetle species such as Dendrophilus xavieri Marseul (Histeridae) which are. British Records of S. unifasciatus Zoological Gardens, Regents Park, London (Stephens, 1839). Cheshire, in Bone Works taken by B.R. Lucas of Northwich, in debris and rat droppings in a bone mill (Walker, 1916). Dundee, Forfar (in a bag of crushed bones on the dockside) see Hinton (1945). Leith, Edinburgh, xii.1944 in palm kernels from West Africa (K.G. Smith). See (Woodroffe & Halstead, 1959). Battersea, Surrey, vii.1945-xi.1945, breeding in the basement of the Hovis Mills (J.L. Henderson) six specimens in British Entomological and Natural History Society (BENHS) collection at Dinton Pastures in Berkshire. ‘Faversham, East Kent, xi-xii.l953’. (A.M. Massee) in sacks for apple packing. At least 20 specimens some in the BENHS coll, and others in the Natural History Museum, London main collections. ‘London, Oct 1953, in sack of Brazil Nuts’ BENHS Coll. ‘Hull Docks, South-East Yorkshire, in Brazil nuts 24.vii.1957’, ‘BPM’, BENHS eoll. Liverpool Docks, West Lancashire, in Brazil nuts, from Manaus, Brazil, 26. vi. 1958 (Woodroffe & Halstead, 1959). Acknowledgements Many thanks to Max Barclay at The Natural History Museum for help with finding specimens, and background information. Reeerences Hinton, H.E. 1945. A monograph of the beetles assoeiated with stored products. Vol.l. London: British Museum (Natural History). viii. + 443 pp. Pope, R.D. 1977. Kloet & Hincks. A Check List of British Insects. Part 3: Coleoptera and Strepsiptera. Second revised edition. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 11(3), xiv+ 105 pp. Stephens, J.F. 1839. A manual of British Coleoptera of beetles. London: Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans. Walker, J.J. 1916. Occurrence of Somotrichus (Lebia) elevatus F. in Cheshire. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 52: 203^. > Woodroffe, G.E. & Halstead, D.G.H. 1959. Fulvus brevicornis Rent. (Hem., Miridae) and other insects breeding on stored Brazil nuts in Britain. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 95: 130-133. Jonty Denton 29 Yarnhams Close, Four Marks, Hampshire GU34 5DH Email: JontyDenton@aol.com BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 201 BOOK REVIEWS An Inventory of the Invertebrates of Thorne and Hatfield Moors by Peter Skidmore. 162pp. 2006. Thorne and Hatfield Moors Conservation Forum. Monograph No. 2. ISSN 1479=2656, softback £15.00 + £3.50 postage and packing. Thorne and Hatfield Moors remain the largest areas of lowland raised mire in England despite centuries of traditional small-scale and latterly commercial scale peat extraction. Then, wisely in 2002, the moors were purchased by English Nature for wildlife conservation, and where practicable, mire restoration. The ecology of the two moors differs in many respects due to different substrate permeability, Hatfield Moors being generally drier with the character of a wet to dry heath. The literature shows that insect recording here began as far back as 1810, with successive generations of entomologists contributing to the faunal lists. The area has also been of interest to palaeogeologists, such as Professor Buckland and his colleagues who have studied the fossil fauna dating the formation of the moors back to the Bronze Age. The Conservation Forum, which now oversees the area, felt that with the major shift in management priorities towards conservation, it was an opportune time to publish a complete inventory of the invertebrate taxa found on the moors. The inventory, up to 2005, lists a remarkable 4790 taxa (Thorne Moors 3487, Hatfield Moors 3107) and constitutes two-thirds of the book. There is much in the fine detail (status code, habitat type, last recorded date) for readers to interpret at their will. There is no index so you need to know your taxonomy to locate specific taxa. The author provides a very useful summary of the history of investigation of the moors, the key species, a brief description of the major habitat types with accompanying maps, plans for future research and an extensive bibliography. The book is lifted from the ordinary by a superb set of colour illustrations of key species painted by the author. I particularly admired the portrait of the extinct trogossitid beetle Temnochila coerulea, which used to occur on Hatfield Chase in the Bronze Age and today is probably confined to the Mediterranean region. For anyone contemplating a visit to the Moors this inventory is an invaluable source of information. The artist (author) is to be congratulated. John Badmin The Dragonflies of Essex by Ted Benton & John Dobson. 2007. xii-228pp. The Essex Field Club in association with Lopinga Books. Hardback. £20.00 plus p.&p. ISBN 10:0-905637-18-6. Book orders to be addressed to John Dobson, 158 Main Road, Danbury, Essex CM3 4DT or johndobson@mammals.fsnet.co.uk I am always pleased to hear of the publication of another new county guide to dragonflies, adding not only information on the status of our dragonfly fauna on a local level, but also adding yet more detail to the national picture. In his foreword to this latest book Steve Brooks looks back to Ted Benton's first “Dragonflies of Essex” published 1988. He states that it “set a bench mark in thoroughness, insightfulness and readability”. I have not seen a copy of the 1988 book, but I can say that Steve Brooks’ words are certainly applicable to this new edition. The contents cover the usual subjects that one would expect, i.e. life history, species accounts, history of recording in the county, and past and possible future species for Essex. There is also an extensive chapter on places to see dragonflies, with map references, habitat description and species list. The useful directions on how to get to each location also include details of local public transport. My only disappointment is that, as with most other guides, there is no symbol on the distribution maps to distinguish between recorded proof of breeding and adult sightings only. This is a quality publication that is well laid out, well written and illustrated throughout with 202 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20; 2007 excellent colour photographs. I congratulate the authors for putting together a fine book. I am pleased to have my own copy and I recommend that anyone with an interest in dragonflies should consider purchasing their own. John Brook Ecology, phenotypes and the Mendelian genetics of burnet moths (Zygaena Fabricius, 1775) by W. Gerald Tremewan. 390 pp. 2006. Gem Publishing Company, Wallingford. Hardback ISBN 0-906802-11-3. £79.00. This book is written by a well-respected member of the society who has had the good fortune to study burnet moths for most of his professional career and so we naturally expect a high quality publication. But, wow, what a title! The monograph is of course based on a thesis of the same name (well nearly, there’s more). Therein lies the problem for the reviewer. This is a very scholarly piece of research on a popular genus of moths which contains a lot of information which should by rights be of interest to a very wide range of entomologists. Although I have not yet had the opportunity to read the thesis I suspect the chapter headings or at least their contents are largely presented more or less unchanged from the thesis. The author does inform us that colleagues were consulted and some changes were made, but the general impression nevertheless is that of a thesis. This dense style of presentation and chapter topics may not appeal to some, but the corollary is that if you persevere you are rewarded with the very latest information and ideas on burnet moth biology. The opening chapter (91pp), brilliantly written, concentrates on the unique features of burnet biology - bright aposematic coloration (both larvae and adults), chemical defences, mimicry and mimicry rings. The author analyses the various conflicting hypotheses associated with mimicry in great detail. Although many of these are complex and overlapping, the author lucidly explains the pros and cons of each and places each piece of research in context to assist the reader. This is not to say that all these results can be interpreted within a single model, biology is never quite that simple. The author poses as many questions as he answers and this chapter alone should spark several new lines of research. On a trivial note it was amazing to learn that one of the key figures in mimicry achieves his status through criticising the limitations of other people’s research while refraining from conducting any of his own. For me, this chapter alone justifies the whole book. Chapter 2 describes the methods and techniques used in the study; Chapter 3 (52pp) covers the basis of Mendelian genetics applied to zygaenids with reference to examples of gynandromorphs, intersexes, somatic mosaics, homeotics and teratologies. Chapter 4 provides an overview of the variation in the forewing pattern and coloration of Zygaena species. Chapter 6 (122pp) on the genetics of wing colour and pattern in selected Zygaena species is based on a comprehensive review of the literature and on data obtained by the author and includes more than 100 figures in colour illustrating various taxa. With such distinctive wing patterns it is not surprising that hybrid individuals have been observed in the wild and these together with laboratory-reared hybrids are discussed in Chapter 7. An intervening chapter (Chapter 5) contains biographical notes and photographs of the main researchers who have contributed to the study of Zygaena genetics. The book concludes with a useful glossary and list of references. So, if you are fascinated by burnet moths and wish to learn more about the biology of the various Zygaena species in the world today, this book is for you. In the process you will learn much more than what the title implies, surely a good recommendation to buy. John Badmin BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 203 FIELD MEETINGS Werrington Village Primary School Wildlife Conservation Area, Cambridgeshire, 17 June 2006 (& 28 October 2006) Leader: Paul Waring - This event was organised as part of the involvement of the British Entomological & Natural History Society in National Insect Week. The leader was also operating as a member of the Parent & Teachers Association (PTA) of Werrington Primary School, which his daughter Kirsty attends. The meeting took place on a part of the school grounds which has been set aside for wildlife and consists of some native trees and shrubs, a pond and some rough grassland. The main aims of the meeting were to show groups of school-children, accompanied by their parents, the various techniques which entomologists use to survey such a site and some of the invertebrates, particularly moths, which can be found in this neighbourhood. The central part of the event was the operation of two Robinson light-traps, one in the conservation area and the other on the school sports field. The catches were to be inspected and recorded at midnight. The meeting began at 20.00h with us all sitting out on ground-sheets, with awnings (Fig. 1), on what was a warm sunny evening, for an introduction to the field techniques and to the plans for the evening, including refreshments supplied by the PTA. During this introductory session the children were invited to guess the number of moths they thought the traps would contain at midnight and state which trap would catch the most, entering these figures on pre-printed forms. There were prizes of four books on moths and butterflies for the closest predictions to the numbers of species and individuals for Fig. 1. BENHS field meeting for National Insect Week - Werrington Village Primary School Wildlife Conservation Area, Cambridgeshire, 17 June 2006. School children and equipment, ready to start. 204 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 each site. Prior to dusk the children made up and applied sugaring mixture, beat for caterpillars and chased moths with nets, then went on torch-lit inspections of the sugar and of bushes for caterpillars. It would have been most helpful to have had a couple of BENHS members with specialisms in groups other than the Lepidoptera to lead small groups, demonstrate and explain techniques and help identify the mini- beasts they found, but in the event, the leader was the only representative of the BENHS present. Forty-two children persuaded their parents and carers to let them stay up until midnight. The results in the light traps at midnight were 100 moths of 16 species in the sports field and 145 moths of 23 species in the special conservation area. So all the children could see the good results of their conservation work. The leader was pleased and relieved to see that there was such a big difference between the results at the two sites. The moths included many large and colourful species such as the Privet Hawk-moth Sphinx ligustri (L.) (Fig. 2). It was very good to be able to show the children this species, as the largest resident moth in the British Isles, with a wingspan of just over 1 1 cm. Some of the parents were astonished to see such a large moth living wild but otherwise unnoticed in their community. The Peppered Moth Biston betularia (L.) was familiar to some parents and the older children, as a text-book example of evolution and industrial melanism, but none had ever seen a live one before, so it was good that a couple of these moths turned up. The majority of the catches comprised noctuids of open ground, such as the Heart & Dart Agrotis exclamationis (L.) and Large Yellow Underwing Noctua pronuha (L.), as expected, but the catch in the conservation area contained a greater number of species with larvae dependent on trees and shrubs. Most people were surprised at the total Fig. 2. Werrington Village Primary School field meeting, 17 June 2006 - Girl seeing a Privet Hawk-moth for the first time. This moth was undoubtedly the wildlife highlight of the event. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 205 numbers of moths captured, which greatly exceeded the predictions of some, who expected only a dozen or so. Most of the children thought there should be more in the conservation area, so it was good that it turned out this way! Many of the children came along in T-shirts and other clothes decorated with butterfly and moth designs and one little girl was dressed as a moth, complete with brown face-paint. After hunting for caterpillars in the bushes, sugaring and setting up the traps, the children regrouped to listen to folklore about moths from the leader, and asked lots of questions about moths while sitting under the stars on an absolutely perfect calm, warm, dry night, before the traps were inspected and the catches recorded. Both children and adults found the event so enjoyable and educational that the leader and the PTA were asked to organise another similar event, on moths, bats, spiders, and snakes, for Halloween! This event took place on 28 October during which only a handful of moths were recorded, including the attractive Feathered Thorn Colotois pennaria (L.), which enabled us to discuss the advantages of looking like an autumn leaf at this time of year. Other species such as the Green-brindled Crescent Allophyes oxyacanthae (L.) and Red-line Quaker Agrochola lota (Clerck) provided other examples of camouflage. All these, and the moths recorded during the summer event, are first records for the site. To try and ensure a reasonable number of moths for the children to examine on the Halloween event, a light-trap was operated in the leader's garden in Werrington all night on 25 and 26 October and a light-trapping visit was also made by the leader, accompanied by Mick Beeson, to the nearby Castor Hanglands NNR on 24 October where we trapped with a single Robinson light-trap from 19. 00-21. OOh, retaining all the above moths for the children to see before releasing them again where caught. As it turned out, we only captured five moths at Castor Hanglands, probably because the air temperature was only 4°C, but it is worth reporting that three of the moths were the Figure of Eight Diloba caeruleocephala (L.), a species identified by the Rothamsted Insect Survey as having undergone a national decline in numbers froml968-2002 of some 97% and 95% in northern and southern Britain respectively (Fox et al., 2006. The state of Britain’s larger nwths. Butterfly Conservation and Rothamsted Research, Wareham). The other two species in the catch were the December moth Poecilocampa populi (L.) and a November moth Epirrita dilutata (D. & S.). The catch in the leader’s garden on 25 October (a total of eight moths) was noteworthy in containing a brown-marked form of the migratory Vestal Rhodometra sacraria (L.), two Barred Sallow Xanthia aurago (D.&S.) and two Blair’s Shoulder- knot Lithophane leautieri hesperica Boursin. The last-named, a comparatively recent colonist in the English Midlands, has been established in the leader’s garden since at least 1991, and is now often the most numerous moth to be seen in the light-trap during October. The leader would like to thank all the members of the Werrington Primary School PTA who assisted in various ways on both nights, from manning the car-park to providing the refreshments and shepherding children, the Head Mistress Sandra Jones for permission to hold both events, and Carolyn Dudley for help with the photography. Annual Conference of the Black Environment Network, Birmingham, 21-22 June 2006 Leader: Paul Waring. - 19-25 June 2006 was National Insect Week and also on 21 and 22 June the Annual Conference of the Black Environment Network (BEN) took place in Birmingham. As BENHS Field Meetings Secretary, I took the opportunity 206 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 of combining the two, by speaking at the BEN conference on the cultural importance and field study of moths, as well as by leading three related field meetings: on 17 June at Werrington Primary School, Cambridgeshire, for school children from a variety of cultural backgrounds; on 22 June at Blackburn, Lancashire, for children of Pakistani ancestry, and on 24 June at Somerford Mead, Oxfordshire, with a local Watch group. The field meetings are reported separately, in the usual manner, and most of the records gathered are the first records of those moth species, if not any moths, for the sites. This note is to report that the field meetings of the BENHS and local Moth Groups were described to the audience attending the BEN conference as an example of social activities centred on moths, with a proposal that interested groups with which the BENHS had not previously worked were welcome to come to join us for planned events. In this way these groups could discover the interest and enjoyment to be had in recording moths as well as in learning from other local people who were experienced in techniques and were part of local and national networks for information sharing. It was emphasised that moths could be recorded almost anywhere, even in inner cities and by people of limited mobility, using lights at windows, and that both local and national recording schemes would value such records and welcome the communication. The author’s Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain & Ireland (Waring, Townsend & Lewington, 2003) was demonstrated to show how much more straight-forward the identification of most larger British moths has become in recent years. The lecture was well received and interest was expressed by BEN affiliates in organising some joint meetings with BENHS in future years in the same way that BENHS already does with other special interest groups. A workshop was held later during the conference to take this further, during which live silk-moths and other species were displayed as people-friendly exhibits. Park Gate Down KWT Reserve, Kent 22 June 2006. Leader: J. Badmin. - This meeting was held as part of the Royal Entomological Society’s National Insect Week programme in conjunction with the British Entomological & Natural History Society and the Kent Field Club. The meeting’s aim was to record the invertebrate fauna of the farmland immediately to the south of the Kent Wildlife Trust’s Reserve at Park Gate Down. This area of land is in the process of being grazed by ponies under the Rural Development Scheme with a view to improving its wildlife potential by creating some of the characteristics of the rich downland at the northern end of the valley. Agreement with John Terry, the local farmer, was duly arranged. Alas, no-one remembered to inform the ponies, and as we stepped out of our cars, we were greeted by a swirling mass of inquisitive excited ponies obviously interested to know why we were there so late in the day. This meant we could not enter the property, least of all set up light traps with generators and electric cables. We decamped to the reserve, noting numerous flowering stalks of the RDB monkey orchid Orchis simia and other orchids for which the reserve is famous. We set up three light traps and began recording crepuscular insects. The large froghopper Aphrophora alni (Fallen) had just emerged and was swept in relatively large numbers from herbage quite distant from the woodland edges. Many adults flew or crawled onto the mv light sheet later in the night. The calcicole leafhoppers, Eupteryx origani Zakhvatkin and E. notata Curtis were noted amongst a total of 15 hopper species. Common swift Hepialus lupulinus (L.), the tortricid Agapeta hamana (L.), Common marbled Carpet, Chloroclysta truncata (Hufn.), Straw Dot Rivula BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 207 sericealis (Scop.) and Silver Y Autographa gamma (L.) were recorded as the light faded. The most interesting moth attracted to the lights was the Small Elephant Hawk Deiiephila porcellus (L.), which is obviously flourishing on the bedstraws growing on the reserve. Among the 44 species recorded were: Beautiful Golden Y Autographa pulchrina (Haw.), Four-dotted Footman Cybosia mesomelia (L.), Buff Footman Eilema deplana (Esp.), Wood carpet Epirrhoe rivata (Hubn.) the plume moth Stenoptilia pterodactyla (L.) and pyralid Udea olivalis (D. & S.). The common cockchafer Melolontha melolontha (L.), glow-worm Lampyris noctiluca (L.) and the fulgorid Cixius nervosus (L.) also put in appearances. The leader thanks Philip Jewess and Don Jenner for bringing their light traps and the Kent Wildlife Trust for permission to record on the reserve. Paignton Road Hillside, Blackburn, Lancashire, 22 June 2006, with indoor workshop, City Learning Centre, Pleckgate, Blackburn, 23 June 2006 Leaders: Paul Waring and Barbara Tigar. - This event comprised a light-trapping session on the rough grass and scrub-rich hillside at the far end of Paignton Road, by Blackburn Golf Club on the northern edge of Blackburn, Lancashire, on the evening of 22 June 2006, followed by an indoor session the next morning, in which the captured moths were used as live exhibits in a workshop examining the practical and cultural importance of moths and butterflies around the world. The event was part of the BENHS involvement in National Insect Week, and was organised in partnership with SETPOINT Lancashire (an organisation which promotes science and technology to school children), the Lancashire Moth Group, Blackburn Museum, the City Learning Centre, Pleckgate, Blackburn, and Writtle College, Essex. By organising the field meeting, the leader realised an ambition of over 40 years, to operate light-traps on the above site, on which he played and hunted insects as a school-boy in the i960s when staying with his paternal grand-parents who lived at 3 Paignton Road. Rather typically for the wet North-West, rain started almost as soon as we arrived on site, and continued, often heavily, until midnight! The leader had to laugh because wet weather was very much a feature of many of his school holidays in this area four decades earlier. But, fortified by a dinner of excellent fish ‘n’ chips in the car with Dr Barbara Tigar of SETPOINT, nothing was going to stop the trapping. Pleasingly, we were soon joined by Mr & Mrs Tim Davey who are active members of the Lancashire Moth Group, living in Blackburn, and their friend Billy Aspen. Tim has been recording moths ever since his wife bought him a light-trap for Christmas five years ago and Billy got a trap of his own in February 2004. Once the actinic trap they had brought along had been set up at the top of the hill, well away from the leader’s Robinson trap in the centre of the habitat, they all joined us in the car out of the rain. We chatted merrily about mothing, SETPOINT and other matters while the rain poured down and then eased. At midnight we inspected the catches. Needless to say, the hauls were small because of the heavy rain. The Robinson trap contained twelve species of moth including a Ghost Swift Hepialus humuli (L.), two geometrids (the Light Emerald Campaea margaritata (L.) and a Silver-ground Carpet Xanthorhoe montanata (D.&S.)) and a White Ermine Spilosoma lubricipeda (L.) with the remainder of the catch made up of noctuid species which are generally frequent in gardens, but including the Ingrailed Clay Diarsia mendica (Fabr.) and the Pale-shouldered Brocade Lacanobia thalassina (Hufn.). The actinic trap added four species: the Buff Ermine Spilosoma luteum (Hufn.), Common Pug Eupithecia vulgata (Haw.), Marbled Minor Oligia strigilis (L.) 208 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 and Clouded Bordered Brindle Apamea crenata (Hufn.). Additional moths for the indoor workshop were provided by the leader operating a second Robinson trap all night in the garden of one of Barbara’s friends at nearby Clitheroe, and by Tim running a trap in his own garden in Blackburn. The following morning was altogether brighter and developed into a warm sunny day, but we were indoors! The indoor session was held at the City Learning Centre, Pleckgate, Blackburn, and was attended by two classes of school children from the nearby Hawthorns Primary School. These children were all in Year 4, Key Stage 2 of the National Curriculum, which includes class-work on “mini-beasts”, so our moths were used to demonstrate insect structure, function and ecology. The leader had brought with him various eggs, larvae and pupae of moths to illustrate the life-cycle, including all stages of one of the North American silk moths Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer) (Saturniidae). The latter, with their enormous caterpillars and large cocoons, provided the start for a discussion of the silk industry and its importance in bringing people of different cultures together to trade. The silk industry was also beautifully illustrated by a series of fabulous Japanese wood-block prints dating from the early nineteenth century, and a collection of historical silk garments, brought along from Blackburn Museum by Steve Irwin, Education Officer for the Museum. Steve used these to take the children through all the stages of silk production and use. Particularly interesting entomological aspects illustrated by the prints included tethered moths being encouraged to mate by hand, feeding trays of larvae on Fig. 1 . The leader and school children from Blackburn, Lancashire, examining a larva of the saturniid Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer), 23 June 2006. (Photo. P. Waring.) BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 209 chopped up leaves, and use of a feather as a delicate brush to tend eggs and small larvae. All but one of the children were of Pakistani ancestry, and very familiar with the brightly coloured silk saris and scarves, as worn by some of their teachers on the day, so hopefully this part of the workshop was especially relevant and memorable. It certainly held the attention of the children. We also talked about moths in folk- lore. This was illustrated with a Death’s-head Hawk-moth Acherontia atropos (L.), widely regarded as an omen of death and other bad things in the past, on account of the skull-like marking on the thorax, and the Hummingbird Hawk-moth Macroglossum steliatarum (L.), which is considered a messenger of good news or good luck in the Mediterranean area. But, as with any school groups, watching the large caterpillars feeding and producing frass held a particular fascination (Fig. 1). The children also spotted that a couple of the boxed British moths had laid eggs overnight, and they made other useful observations and asked pertinent questions. The leader was encouraged that quite a number of the children told us they had found caterpillars of their own in the past. At the end the leader left several silk-moth caterpillars with the children and their teachers, with instructions on rearing, and he is pleased to report that these produced adult polyphemus moths which flew round the class-rooms just before the summer holidays started. Barbara and the leader released all the live British moths back at the Paignton Road site immediately after the workshop. The leader would like to thank Barbara Tigar for making all the arrangements involving Hawthorns Primary School and the City Learning Centre, for her contribution to the teaching as an experienced entomologist, for all her help with the logistics and for her excellent company. We thank teachers Mrs Shah, Mrs Ahmed and all the children from Hawthorns Primary School and Steve Irwin from Blackburn Museum for making the educational part of this event such a pleasure, and the City Learning Centre for a marvellous venue. We thank Stephen Palmer of the Lancashire Moth Group for putting us in touch with Mr & Mrs Davey and Billy Aspen, and for their support and company on the trap-night, and Blackburn Golf Course and the residents of Paignton Road for their co-operation with the light- trapping. The leader thanks the Centre for Environment & Rural Affairs at Writtle College, Essex, for meeting his travel costs to lead this event. Somerford Mead, Wytham, Oxfordshire, 24 June 2006 Leader: Paul Waring - The aims of this field meeting were to investigate the moth fauna of a riverside meadow which is being restored to herb-rich, permanent grassland from arable (Fig.l). The restoration began in the mid-1980s. The meeting was attended by Alison McDonald, who is overseeing the project, and Mike and Gillian Taylor, who stayed until midnight with a 125W MBF Skinner light-trap, while the leader remained on site with two standard 125W MB/U Robinson-pattern light-traps all night. This was National Insect Week and the morning session, inspecting the light-trap catches, was advertised as a Watch Group meeting for local children. This attracted Paul Klemperor with his sons William and David and their friend Lucius Allen. On entering the meadow, it was again evident, as in our inspection in 2005 {BJENH, 19: 251-254), that there was a greater range of flowering broad-leaved herbs in the three compartments grazed by cattle and the three grazed by sheep, than in the three ungrazed plots. In both the former, buttercups, knapweeds, red clover 210 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Trifolium pratense and fading Ox-eye Daisies Leucanthemum vulgare were abundant. At 21.08h we saw a sow badger and her two cubs cross the entrance to the field as they followed the hedgerow boundary while we prepared our light-trapping equipment. The grassy sward in all the compartments reached to knee-height. A single male Ghost Moth Hepialus humuli (L.) was performing its pendulum lekking flight in one of the cattle-grazed compartments while the leader set up a light- trap in the centre. It was a clear night, dead calm and initially mild, but the temperature quickly dropped from 13°C to a minimum of 6°C. There was no moon and the night remained dry. Swarms of gnats rapidly assembled around each light- trap. Moths arrived steadily in small numbers once it was properly dark. Between 23.30 h and midnight we examined the catches thus far and listed and counted the moths before Mike and Gillian left for home. At this stage we had recorded a total of 19 species of larger moths and the standard Robinson traps in the cattle-grazed and sheep-grazed swards contained 16 individuals of 9 species and 27 individuals of 9 species and 13 species, respectively. The leader slept in his car, examining the catches again at 05.00 h, just as the sun was rising. He found that the catches in the two Robinson traps had increased to 70 individuals of 21 species and 57 individuals of 19 species, respectively. It was particularly pleasing to see that a single Garden Tiger-moth Arctia caja (L.) had added itself to the catch in the cattle-grazed area at some time after midnight. Surprisingly, it was already somewhat worn by this date. Three Buff-tip moths Phalera bucephala (L.) were also evident amongst the late arrivals. Not surprisingly, the catches were composed mostly of widespread species with larvae dependent on Fig. 1. Somerford Mead, Wytham, Oxfordshire, 24 June 2006, with Wytham Wood in the distance. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 211 grasses or broad-leaved herbs. The most noteworthy, in addition to the Garden Tiger, were the Large Nutmeg Apamea anceps (D. &S.) and the Light Arches A. lithoxylea (D. & S.), both with five individuals and both are species well represented in the Oxford area. Only three species were associated with woody perennials - the above Buff-tip moths and singletons of the Poplar Hawk-moth Laothoe populi (L.) and Scorched Wing Plagodis dolabraria (L.). Sky-larks were vociferous in the meadow soon after the sun had risen. During a brief walk around the field after the gear had been packed back into the car, a few Ringlet Aphantopus hyperanthus (L.) and Meadow Brown butterflies Maniola jurtina (L.) were flushed from the sward but no other butterflies, nor Forester moths Adscita statices (L.), were seen. It was not yet warm enough for them to engage in free flight. The Klemperor party arrived shortly to examine the moths before I released them and left the site. It is also worth noting that the leader stopped off at Wolvercote Green en route to this field meeting to meet up with Julie Hamilton on her allotment there and together we saw a Scarlet Tiger moth Callimorpha dominula (L.) patrolling the area at 20.08 h, only 20 m from where we had seen this species on the field meeting in 2005 (BJENH, 19: 251-254). The leader would like to that all those above for supporting this event and Alison McDonald in particular for arranging access permission. Copies of this report and the full species list have been supplied to Alison and to Martin Townsend as County Moth Recorder for Oxfordshire. Manstage Farm, Thorndon Cross, Devon, 15 July 2006 Leader: Roy McCormick.- Again we suffered from an easterly breeze and I presume the weather kept most people away, as only six turned up, but at least we did not have rain to contend with this time (see 13 May 2006 meeting). All seven traps were placed in the woodland areas near the farm house. On this occasion the owners were away and we had the place to ourselves, so it was thought wise to let the local Police know of our presence. Very little was flying as we dusked for species with only a few Common Carpet, Epirrhoe alternata (Muller) being flushed out; as it was getting dark we started up the lights and carried on dusking and flushed out a couple of Small Fan-footed Wave, Idaea biselata (Hufn.) and one Common Marbled Carpet, Chlorodysta truncata (Hufn.). The traps had by this time started to bring in species and our list built steadily with each successive round, the temperature staying around 12°C and the breeze dropping back as the night progressed. We stayed until around Ol.OOh with our list standing at 106 species, with the best of these: 5 Aphelia paleana (Hiibn.) (Timothy Tortrix); 6 Acentria ephemerella (D. & S.) (Water Veneer); 6 Eudonia delunella (Stainton); 1 Amblyptilia punctidactyla (Haw;) 2 Chlorodysta dtrata (L.) (Dark Marbled Carpet); 1 Piemyria rubiginata (D. &S.) (Blue-bordered Carpet); 1 Rheumaptera undulata (L.) (Scalloped Shell) and 1 Sphinx Ugustri (L.) (Privet Hawk-moth). Not a bad night, but with most of the 106 species recorded as singletons. King’s End Farm, Richborough, Kent 23 July 2006 Leader: John Badmin. -This meeting was held jointly with the Kent Field Club, the natural history society of Kent. Permission to visit the farm owned by Anthony Curwen was arranged by Dan Tuson, Rural Development Scheme officer for Kent. The aim of the meeting was to record the fauna and flora of the fields along the river Stour at the farm’s northern boundary, an area managed under the Agri- 212 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 environmental Scheme. Twenty or so members and friends turned up and we drove about a mile off road to the old sea wall where we parked our cars. Here the summer weather was already beginning to take its toll and most plants were either in the late stages of flowering or producing seed. We recorded insects along the former sea wall with its more established vegetation and in the extended field margins which had been sown with a flower-grass mixture. A reasonable number of butterflies were attracted to the few remaining flowers - Gatekeeper, Meadow Brown, Essex Skipper, Common Blue, Peacock, Painted Lady and Red Admiral. Two rather badly battered. Narrow-bordered 5 spot burnet moths Zygena lonicerae latomarginata (Tutt) were also noted. Appreciable numbers of bumblebees {B. lapidarius (L.), lucorum (L.), terrestris (L.), pascuorum (Scopoli)) tracked the flowerheads along the field margins. Orthoptera recorded were: Roesel’s bush cricket Metrioptera roeselii (Hagenbach), Long-winged conehead Conocephalus discolor (Thunberg), Field grasshopper Chorthippus hrimneus (Thunberg) and Lesser marsh grasshopper C. albo-mcirginatus (De Geer). We then walked north through a series of ploughed and grazed fields. Grey partridge, marsh harrier and numerous hares were seen and marsh frogs observed in the dykes. A large stand of insect-free dittander was noticed on the far bank of the river. Lunch was eaten by the river Stour, where it was interesting to see the high bow waves created by motorboats as they cruised upriver on the incoming tide. We were approached by an inquisitive herd of cattle. There were 20; Fred Booth thought the number was 17, till he rounded them up. We walked east along the river, where most of the bankside vegetation had been browsed by cattle, before eventually taking the long route back. The weather had been hot and sunny all day and it was a welcome relief to return home. All enjoyed the visit to this rather remote spot in Kent. What of our objective to assess managed field margins? By visual inspection these contained noticeably more butterflies, bumblebees and other insects, both in terms of numbers and species than conventional margins nearby. The timing of our visit, after a long hot dry spell and past the flowering peak, was not conducive to effectively assessing the benefits of the management scheme. The visit underlined the importance of providing late flowering herbs as an insect nectar resource during the critical period between late summer and early autumn. Common fleabane Pidicaria dysenterica and ragworts (!) such as Senecio erucifolius might extend the flowering period. The choice of these flowers is mainly visual, to increase the numbers of large, attractive day-flying insects to field margins, whereas a more holistic approach would be to provide a richer mix of herbs and grasses that would support a wider range of invertebrates. General seed mixes are unlikely to benefit the rarer invertebrate species apparently in decline. The selection of the former seawall as a site to create an extended field margin was a good one, since species already present along the banks, even those with very poor dispersal ability could easily invade the new vegetation. The sea wall is an old feature of the landscape (which is otherwise fairly feature-less) and thus effectively enlarges the area of highest local conservation value compared with developing new margins along minor hedgerows or open field boundaries. The scheme’s success will depend on how herbivore species adapt to the new field margins and the changing composition of the flora. We know many species take a considerable amount of time to disperse and establish themselves, thus the scheme will probably need to run for at least a decade before we can assess its true impact. Field margins are by nature linear habitats and tend to support fewer species than equal-sized blocks of similar habitat. They also suffer from edge effects and are well known to act as species sinks with BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 213 statistically higher levels of predation, parasitism and exposure. It might be preferable, particularly from a farm management perspective to set aside blocks of uncultivated land next to an existing area of conservation value (such as the old sea- wall) as a way of enhancing wildlife in the area, in a more permanent way. That said, we have already spent 22 billion euros between 1992 and 2003 on agricultural environmental schemes at a time when 20% of the world’s population is estimated to be under-nourished. Brooking’s Down Wood, Devon, 12 August 2006 Leader: Roy McCormick.- Oh dear! Another windy night, this time from the north. So much for the Glorious 12th. Eight turned up for this event to be greeted by a brisk northerly breeze which was difficult to get away from, despite being in woodland. Although it was moderately warm when we arrived, this soon changed after dark with the temperature dropping to around 12°C, a sure sign that the end of the season was approaching. We placed eight traps along the available tracks in the wood. A couple of early arrivals to the lights were a Jersey Tiger, Euplagia quadripunctaria (Poda) and Common Carpet, Epirrhoe alternata (Muller). We were half way through one round when Jeremy Spooner, Chairman of the Brooking’s Down Wood Management Committee arrived, together with members of his family who were staying with him in this holiday makers’ paradise of Noss Mayo and Newton Ferrers; a problem or blessing of living in this part of Devon. We completed a couple of rounds of the traps with twice as many people as we started with, and our list grew steadily, interspersed with questions of ‘what is this or that species? Around 23.00h the visitors had seen enough, having enjoyed an event and wildlife they had never seen before. The wind, which had abated, now started to get stronger and as few new species were coming in, it was decided to call it a night. We finished with a list of 77 species with the best of these: 1 Celypha aurofasciana (Haw.), 1 Cydia amplana (Hiibn.); 2 Cyclophora punctaria (L.) (Maiden’s Blush); 1 Epirrhoe galiata (D.& S.) (Galium Carpet); 1 Eupithecia haworthiata Doubl. (Haworth’s Pug); 1 Eurcula furcula (Clerck) (Sallow Kitten); 3 Lithosia quadra (L.) (Four-spotted Footman); 2 Noctua interjecta ssp. caliginosa Schawerda (Least Yellow Underwing) and 1 Schrankia taenialis (Hiibn.) (White-line Snout). We left the site at midnight having enjoyed a better night than we thought possible, although the target species, Cosmia diffinis (L.) (Lesser-spotted Pinion) was not recorded. Wandsworth Common, London, 13 August 2006 Leader: Roger Hawkins. - This was a joint meeting with the London Natural History Society in whose Newsletter this report has already appeared. The two Societies produced just five members and friends who braved early-morning drizzle and a gloomy weather forecast to meet at the railway station on Wandsworth Common. We were joined by Annie Donnelly, the Parks Officer for Biodiversity of Wandsworth Borough Council, who own and manage the Common. Fortunately, the weather relented and soon there were dry insects on our beating trays instead of pools of water. The meadow south of the station has a parkland aspect with long grass and scattered trees, although the grass had recently been cut. It seemed that every tree was a different species, as in an arboretum, and these produced a corresponding variety of insect life. The pretty leafhoppers of the genus Idiocerus were present in quantity, laminatus Flor and herrichi Kirschbaum on aspen, fulgidus (Fabr.) on black poplar, albicans Kirschbaum on grey poplar, single specimens of stigmaticalis Lewis on both 214 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 grey and black poplars, although it breeds on willow (as does herrichi), and vittifrons Kirschbaum on Norway maple. This last species is more usually found on field maple. A striking feature of the day was the frequency, almost dominance, of insects only lately arrived in Britain. The leaves of horse-chestnut were scarred by the mines of a little moth, Cameraria oliridella (Deschka & Dimic) (first found in 2001). There were about ten individual mines in each leaflet, but the hybrid horse-chestnuts along Trinity Road, believed to be Aesculus x carnea, were completely free of such mines. Like the horse-chestnut leaf-miner, the knopper gall on acorns (caused by the wasp Andricus quercuscalicis BurgsdorQ was thought to be a major threat to trees when it arrived in this country in the early 1960’s. It has now settled down to be a fairly minor member of the fauna on oak, but here it was quite abundant on the acorns of the common oak, probably because of the presence nearby of Turkey oak, the host for the alternate generation of the wasp. The most surprising find was the Southern Oak Bush-cricket, Meconema meridionale (A. Costa), that was also first noted in 2001 (Fig. 1). Previous records were rather isolated, mostly from private gardens in south and west London and in country towns in Surrey, Berkshire and Kent. At Wandsworth it seemed to be on every tree in the station meadow. From one to three specimens were found on horse- chestnut, aspen, grey poplar, common oak, red oak, lime, Norway maple and beech. At the base of the red oak were a male and female of the Oak Bush-cricket, Meconema thalassimmi (De Geer), although this species was not found when recording for Grasshoppers of Surrey (Baldock, 1999). As lunch-time approached, a sudden downpour caused a rush for the shelter of the station or the cars. Some of us made it, but others did not and were soaked. After a leisurely lunch looking out at the torrential rain, the storm blew over and we set out again to investigate the comparatively wild south-western part of the Common, known as the Scope. This is now largely wooded, but with some open glades. During the afternoon the sun came out and we even saw dragonflies such as Aeslma cyanea (Muller) and A. mixta Latreille, the former hung up conveniently to be examined at touching distance. Butterflies flew through the clearings, and we noted Common Fig. 1. Meconema meridionale at Wandsworth Common. (Photo: M. Massie.) BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 215 Blue, Meadow Brown and Speckled Wood. A rove beetle with red elytra, captured walking over damp mud, proved to be Platydracus stercorarius (Olivier). The Box Bug, Gonocerus acuteangulatus (Goeze), was beaten from alder buckthorn, one of its food-plants, and a small brown lacewing, Sympherohius pygmaeus (Rambur), was beaten from hawthorn. This species is usually found in mature oak woodland and is thought to be locally common in the south, but there are only a few Surrey records. Mick Massie recorded spiders, of which by far the most striking was Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli), the Wasp Spider. At least three females were found sitting on their webs low down among the long grass. Returning to the more open part of the Common, we visited the main lake, close to the railway on its west side. This lake is a popular spot for visitors but still has a rich marginal vegetation. To continue the theme of new arrivals, workers of the wasp Dolichovespula media (Retzius), known in Britain since 1980, were seen on the flowers of angelica and hemp agrimony. The Long-winged Conehead, Conocephaliis discolor (Thunberg), was also present among the marginal vegetation, and the Lesser Marsh Grasshopper, Chorduppus albomarginatus (De Geer), was swept from grass nearby. Like the Box Bug, these two species of Orthoptera have increased their range enormously in recent years, although the grasshopper has been known at Wandsworth Common since 1984. A rhopalid bug, Stictopleurus punctatonervosus (Goeze), was also swept from this long grass. This is another recent colonist, found widely and regularly since 1997, but its only previous British records date from the 1860’s. Also by the lake, two examples of the Parent Bug, Elasmucha grisea (L.), were beaten from a young birch with very white bark, either the Himalayan birch or a related species, and we were delighted to find a female sitting over a batch of first- instar nymphs under a leaf. These late-breeding bugs are either overwintered females rearing a second brood of nymphs, or offspring of the more numerous bugs seen sitting over their eggs in May or June. Exotic birches, like this one, appear to flower later than the native species and so may attract an egg-laying insect at a different season, but this question, of second brood or second generation, has not yet been answered satisfactorily. The meeting was advertised as a hunt for the Harlequin Ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), and we were not disappointed. Probably in its second year on Wandsworth Common, the Harlequin, with a total of 73 specimens found, outnumbered all the other ladybirds put together (18 insects of six species, the 2- spot, 7-spot, 10-spot, 14-spot, 16-spot and Orange Ladybirds). One species, the Pine Ladybird Exochomus quadripustulatus (L.), was not found at all, although it had been widespread on the Common in 1994 and 1995. Since the Harlequin is known to be continuously brooded, it was a surprise to find that the generations appear to be synchronous. Apart from one large larva on a young alder tree, all specimens seen were adult and there was no other sign of eggs, larvae or live pupae, although there were many empty pupal skins. Some of these were on the trunks of trees along Bellevue Road, together with traces of the large scale-insect Pulvinaria regalis Canard. It is possible that the introduced ladybird may be feeding on the introduced coccid, but this question needs further investigation. The Harlequin also showed a preference for certain habitats. All the adult specimens were on trees, in all parts of the Common and distributed between species as follows: grey poplar (1), Turkey oak (1), lime (5), common oak (6), sycamore (10) and Norway maple (49). This may just reflect the local presence of aphids at this season. The ladybirds were also multi- coloured, in that the background colour of the black-spotted examples was either red, orange or yellow. As in other species, this colour may relate to the age and maturity of the insect. One of two mating pairs was a red-background male with a 216 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 yellow-background female, so these may represent different generations. There were also 11 melanics among the 72 adults found. Although the arrival of this highly- invasive species is to be regretted, the monitoring and study of its spread is of the greatest interest, so further such meetings are planned. This was a most enjoyable meeting, and our luck with the weather was something to be wondered at as we travelled home among frequent thunderstorms. Otmoor, Oxfordshire, 23 September 2006 Leader: Paul Waring - The main aim of this evening and all-night field meeting was to investigate how the moth fauna of the site was responding to the large-scale creation of reed-beds on part of the site by the RSPB as a means of attracting and conserving bitterns and other water-birds. The night was National Moth Night for 2006 and in selecting the venue the leader had realised that the date would be particularly appropriate for monitoring the reed-dependent Large Wainscot moth Rhizedra lutosa (Hbn.). This meeting was the third in a series of five planned by the BENHS at this site. Full details of the history, habitats and rationale behind these meetings on Otmoor are given in Waring & Townsend {BJENHS 18:274-278). This particular meeting was also advertised to the Moths of Oxfordshire Recording Group and to the Upper Thames Branch of Butterfly Conservation and was attended by eighteen people, including two children. The leader was pleased to see that three Fig.l. View of Otmoor from hill ascending to Beckley, Oxfordshire, 23 September 2006. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20; 2007 217 of the parties arrived on bicycles from Oxford, as he used to do in the 1970s, and that Hugo and Frankie Crombie were towing a cycle trailer containing overnight camping gear behind their tandem. The leader arrived well in advance of the advertised start time for a picnic and reconnoitre because it was such a beautiful sunny warm afternoon. Several Red Admirals Vanessa atalanta (L.) and Painted Lady butterflies Vanessa cardui (L.) in fresh condition were seen nectaring at newly opened flowers of Ivy Hedera helix along a stone wall and hedge on Beckley hill where he paused to take a photograph of Otmoor spread out below (Fig. 1). Two grey heron flew up from a ditch on arrival at the RSPB car park. A red male Common Darter dragonfly Sympetrum striolatum (Charp.) was basking on the fence and two brown plume moths Emmelina monodactyla (L.) were disturbed amongst hedge bindweed Calystegia sepium growing around the car park. A bird-watching couple were encountered coming off Otmoor after a three hour stint, principally in the main hide. They reported seeing a juvenile marsh harrier with pale head, seven common buzzard and a red kite soaring in a thermal near the transmitter mast on Beckley hill, two hobbies, a ruff and a common snipe. They had also seen two Clouded Yellow butterflies Colias croceus (Geoff.) and a male Vapourer moth Orgyia antiqua (L.) on the wing. At 19.15h, as people were still arriving, we were treated to a barn owl quartering over long grass near one of the ditches. Ron Touch reminded me that we had first stood and watched one together, in this very spot, known as Moor Leys and Otmoor Closes, thirty years ago in the summer of 1976. We considered this white moth-like owl a good omen for the night, and we were not disappointed. Five 125W mercury vapour light-traps were set up and by the end of the night we had recorded a grand total of 51 species of macro-moths. It was a mild, calm, dry evening, with some rain late in the night and some mist at first light. By carefully positioning the four of the 125W light-traps that were operated all night, we found catches of the Large Wainscot increased from four individuals on the top of a ditch bank to eight in the reedy ditch margin below and eighteen on the edge of one of the new reed-beds. This implies that both the population size and the distribution of this moth are increasing on this site. Other noteworthy results from the light-trapping were six Figure of Eight moths Diloba caeruleocephala (L.) and 90 Beaded Chestnut Agrochola lychnidis (D. & S.) - both species identified by the Rothamsted Insect Survey as having declined massively in numbers nationally, two Bulrush Wainscot Nonagria typhae (Thunb.) at the end of their flight season, and a single Blackneck Lygephila pastinum (Treit.) which was two months after the end of its usual flight-time of June and July. Possibly this was a rare second generation individual - the consequence of prolonged extremely hot weather in July and much of August. Other resident wainscot moths included a dozen Small Wainscot Chortodes pygmina (Haw.), of which seven were in the trap nearest the reed-bed, and 56 Common Wainscot Mythimna pallens (L.), which was most frequent (22 individuals) in the open grassy field. The most numerous species of the night was the Lunar Underwing Omphaloscelis lunosa (Haw.) (340 individuals) which was well distributed between all the traps. The Large Yellow Underwing Noctua pronuba (L.) (75) was most frequent in the open field, as was the Deep Brown Dart Aporophyla lutulenta (D. & S.) (25 of 46). The other most numerous moth was the Black Rustic A. nigra (Haw.) (81), spread fairly evenly between the traps. It was good to see a dozen Frosted Orange Gortyna flavago (D. & S.), the larvae of which mine the thick stems of various of the plants along the ditches and in the field. Most of the rest of the species are associated with woody plants growing in the hedges and scrub around the fields, particularly willows, and including such moths as the Sallow Xanthia icteritia (Hufn.) (17), Pink-barred Sallow 218 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 X. togata (Esper) (6), Red-line Quaker Agrochola lota (Clerck) (2) and Red Underwing Catocala nupta (L.) (1). Immigrant species were much in evidence, including Scarce Bordered Straw Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) in every trap (totalling six individuals in all), one Vestal Rhodometra sacraria (L.), one Delicate Mythimna vitellina (Hbn.), one Small Mottled Willow Spodoptera exigua (Hbn.), two Dark Swordgrass Agrotis ipsUon (Hfn.), four Silver Y Aiitographa gamma (L.) and five Rush Veneer Nomopliila noctuella (D.&S.). The leader would like to thank all those who supported this event and made for such good company over camp meals and moth-traps in the evening and morning, and particularly Ellen Lee, a volunteer for the RSPB, who met us at the start of the meeting and opened up the pump-house for our use. This provided us with a place to inspect the moths during a passing shower at breakfast time. Copies of this report, and the full list of species from the night, have been supplied to the RSPB and to Martin Townsend as County Moth Recorder for Oxfordshire. Slapton Bridge and Reeds, Devon, National Moth Night 23 September 2006 Leader: Roy McCormick.- Several people had already assembled by the bridge by the time the leader arrived at the Field Study Centre (ESC), the prescribed meeting place. After discussing the conditions with Steve Edmonds and Barry Whitehead, two of the volunteer wardens at Slapton ESC, it was agreed to stay near the bridge area. The weather looking less than promising; it was blowing quite hard with an overcast sky and looked as if it might rain into the bargain, and although it was warm, the wind made it feel decidedly colder (though the temperature did not fall below 14°C). We tried to tuck our traps into sheltered locations, with two placed behind the bird hut and others along the track next to the bridge; five traps in all. Dusking was a bit out of the question, but one keen member looked for moths on a big clump of ivy that was in flower which brought in a few species after dark. Altogether 23 people attended, with a mixture of members and the public who had seen the event advertised. The generators were started and we were able to make use of the bird hut where the leader dealt with people’s identifications which included pictures of Portland Ribbon Wave and Haworth’s Minor taken at the site during 2005 and 2006. Tea and coffee making facilities made the place even more welcoming. Most people made several tours of the light-traps, but little came in, though it was a surprise to see two Humming-bird Hawk-moths at one of the traps. The wind persisted and we could see lightning far away to the east. Around 22.30- 23.00h people started to drift away and as the weather showed no sign of improving it was agreed to finish soon afterwards. The number of species recorded just about equalled the number of people who attended. The most interesting of these were: 2 Macroglossum stellatarum (L.) (Humming-bird Hawk-moth); 3 Gortyna flavago (D.&S.) (Frosted Orange) and 2 Spodoptera exigua (Hubn.) (Small Mottled Willow). In any event, the people who came enjoyed the experience. BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 219 Some comments on the recent paper by Michael E. Archer {BJENH 20: 75-94) This paper, entitled ‘Current knowledge of British Aculeate Hymenoptera with special reference to the occurrence of high quality species on Priority Habitats’ makes a number of recommendations and statements that could actually result in activities that damage the interests of aculeate conservation and general invertebrate conservation. Towards the end of the paper is a section entitled ‘Good and bad management of habitats for aculeate species’. Within this section, the paper provides some general advice on habitat management for aculeates. It includes one statement “grasslands should only be subject to low level grazing to keep habitats open and maintain flower-rich areas”. Grassland is a broad, highly variable habitat category that supports a large number of aculeate species (including many rarities) and aculeate assemblages. Some of these specifically require areas of short-cropped turf for at least part of their life cycle (much as certain butterflies do) and their populations would be placed at risk if traditional grazing patterns were relaxed to ‘low-level grazing’ as advocated. This includes the plethora of bees that feed on flowers such as Lotus, Trifolium, Hippocrepis, Thymus, Pilosella, Beilis, Veronica etc. and also the many wasps that hunt within these conditions e.g. Odynerus melanocephalus (Gmelin) which obtains its prey (larvae of the weevil Hypera postica (Gyllenhal)) from Medicago lupulina, and the spider wasp Aporus unicolor Spinola which attacks the spider Atypus affinis Eichwald on short turfs. There are also other grassland aculeates that are sensitive to even light grazing e.g. Andrena hattorfiana (Fabr.) which depends on an abundance of Knautia arvensis at many of its sites, or species like Andrena proxima (Kirby) which requires taller umbellifers (all plants that can be easily damaged by stock). This general advice is also unsuitable for species- rich hay meadows, not all of which are automatically subject to aftermath grazing as a tradition. In essence this is an unsafe recommendation even as a generalization. The paper recommends “keeping the bottoms (of hedgerows) fully exposed to the sun”. Whilst it is true that hedge banks can support plentiful ground-nesting mining bees in spring before herbaceous plants have started to grow, by summer the grassland and tall herb that develops alongside hedges (typically shading out the bottoms) play a crucial role in supporting rich aculeate assemblages, particularly where flowers such as umbellifers, crucifers, lamiates and thistles are present. Fringes of bramble alongside hedges can also be very important. Within arable landscapes, these locations are often the most important habitats for aculeates. Such habitats also provide foraging and hunting opportunities that can be absent in adjacent semi- natural habitats such as unimproved grassland or heathland, and can thereby contribute to complex and dynamic habitat mosaics that operate at a landscape scale and support much richer aculeate assemblages than would be possible if those different habitat and landscape components existed in isolation. Further unsafe recommendations include that “the water levels of wet habitats such as reed beds, fens and lowland raised bogs should be maintained at high stable levels”. Yet summer draw-down is a natural feature of many wetlands, and one that can be crucial for maintaining vegetation zonation, including certain features that specialist wetland aculeates might require, such as nesting areas for the rare wetland bee Macropis europaea Warncke (dry peat or earth in and around fen) or the umbellifers required by the rare wasp Odynerus simillimus F. Morawitz, as a source of prey. The statement “traditional rotational burning of heathlands should be continued” overlooks the fact that burning is not a strong tradition at many heathlands, and can sometimes damage the entomological interest of a site by eliminating heathers and eradicating insect colonies that are very localized within a site. 220 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 20: 2007 Quarrying is cited as one of the causes for habitat loss on a large scale. Yet over much of southern Britain, quarrying tends to be located within agricultural landscapes that have relatively low biodiversity. Where such quarries have become abandoned and left to re-vegetate naturally, they have produced some of our richest, most exciting aculeate sites (see my paper in BJENH 19: 7-33), sites that could not have developed without such a land-use history. Quarrying has probably created far more valuable aculeate habitat nationally than it has destroyed. Within Table 6 of the paper, some of the species assigned to habitat specialist categories are incorrect. At least half of the eight or so modern records for Lasioglossum sexnotatiim (Kirby) are for non-heathland sites (S. Falk and A. Knowles data). Nomada conjungens Herrich is not a specialist of maritime cliffs (the host bee Andrena proximo can colonise a surprisingly diverse array of umbellifer- rich habitats and the Nomada is found sparingly across this variety of habitats). The process used by Michael Archer to draw up this list (production of a report for Buglife) did not appear to involve widespread consultation with many of the most active British aculeate workers, and is not therefore based on the most current knowledge, which is the impression given in the title. - Steven Falk, Warwickshire Museum, Market Place, Warwick CV3 4 4SA. Reactions to the comments of Steven Falk I welcome the comments on habitat management which I would regard as extensions and elaborations of my comments. Concerning grasslands, Falk’s comments are mainly about the need of flower-rich areas which I included in my advice. I realised that my attempt to provide a list of Priority Species specialists was really a first attempt and would probably need corrections - I carried out some corrections while preparing the paper. I welcome the updating by Falk and would welcome further updating of species and their habitats from fellow naturalists. Finally, my sources of information are clearly stated in my paper so that there is no need for misunderstandings. The profiles published by BWARS are, of course, current information. Michael Archer ANNOUNCEMENT NEW BENHS BROCHURE With this edition of The Journal we are including a copy of the new BENHS brochure which has recently been produced. This brochure updates a more simple black and white version which has been our principle means of publicity for many years. This new version supplements information which appears on the Society’s web site. We are sending you a copy both for your information and in the hope that you may be able to attract some new members to the Society. If you know anybody who might be interested in joining perhaps you could you could pass this copy of the brochure to them. If you need further copies, or think that they might be useful for display at a meeting or exhibition that you are attending, please contact: David Y oung (Membership Secretary) at 22 Wordsworth Close, Saxmundham, Suffolk IP17 IWF (email: bugmanyoung@btinternet.com) who will be pleased to supply them. With an initial print run of 2000 copies it is estimated this brochure will have a shelf life of about four years. It will then be updated in the light of experience. If you have any comments on the design, illustrations or any other aspect of this project please contact the Membership Secretary at the address given above. BENHS Council: July 2007 British Entomological and Natural History Society Past Presidents 1872-4 J. R. Wellman 1875-6 A. B. Farn, f.e.s. 1877 J. P. Barrett, f.e.s. 1878 J. T. Williams 1879 R. Standen f.e.s. 1880 A. Ficklin 1881 V. R. Perkins, f.e.s. 1882 T. R. Billups, f.e.s. 1883 J. R. Wellman 1884 W. West, l.d.s. 1885 R. South, f.e.s. 1886-7 R. Adkin, f.e.s. 1888-9 T. R. Billups, f.e.s. 1890 J. T. Carrington, f.l.s. 1891 W. H. Tugwell, phc. 1892 C. G. Barrett, f.e.s. 1893 J. J. Weir, f.l.s., etc. 1894 E. Step, f.l.s. 1895 T. W. Hall, f.e.s. 1896 R. South, f.e.s. 1897 R. Adkin, f.e.s. 1898 J. W. Tutt, f.e.s. 1899 A. Harrison, f.l.s. 1900 W. J. Lucas, b.a., f.e.s. 1901 H. S. FrEMLIN, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.E.S. 1902 F. Noad Clark 1903 E. Step, f.l.s. 1904 A. SicH, f.e.s. 1905 H. Main, b.Sc., f.e.s. 1906-7 R. Adkin, f.e.s. 1908-9 A. SiCH, F.E.S. 1910-1 W. J. Kaye, f.e.s. 1912-3 A. E. Tonge, f.e.s. 1914-5 B. H. Smith, b.a., f.e.s. 1916-7 Hy. j. Turner, f.e.s. 1918-9 Stanley Edwards, f.l.s., etc. 1920-1 K. G. Blair. b.Sc., f.e.s. 1922 E. J. Bunnett, m.a. 1923-4 N. D. Riley, fz.s., f.e.s. 1925-6 T. H. L. Grosvenor, f.e.s. 1927-8 E. A. Cockayne, d.m., f.r.c.p., f.e.s. 1929 H. W. Andrews, f.e.s. 1930 F. B. Carr 1930 C. N. Hawkins, f.e.s. 1931 K. G. Blair, b.sc., fz.s., f.e.s. 1932 T. H. L. Grosvenor, f.e.s. 1933 C. G. M. De Worms, m.a., Ph D., A.l.C, F.R.E.S., M.B.O.U. 1934 T. R. Eagles 1935 E. E. Syms, f.r.e.s. 1936 M. Niblett 1937 F. J. CoULSON 1938 F. Stanley-Smith, f.r.e.s. 1939 H. B. Williams, ll.d., f.r.e.s. 1940 E. A. Cockayne, d m., f.r.c.p., f.r.e.s. 1941 F. D. COOTE, F R.E.S. 1942 S. Wakely 1943 R. J. Burton, l.d.s., r.c.s.eng. 1944 Stanley N. A. Jacobs, f.r.e.s. 1945-6 Capt. R. A. Jackson, r.n., f.r.e.s. 1947 L. T. Ford, b.a. 1948 Col. P. A. Cardew 1949 J. O. T. Howard, m a 1950 Air-Marshal Sir Robert Saundby, K B E., C.B., M.C., D.F.C., A.F.C., F R.E.S. 1951 T. G. Howarth, m b e., f.r e s., f z.s. 1952 E. W. Classey, f.r.e.s. 1953 F. Stanley-Smith, f.r.e.s. 1954 Stanley N. A. Jacobs, s.b.st.j., f.r.e.s. 1955 F. D. Buck, a.m.i.ptg.m., f.r.e.s. 1956 Lt-Col. W. B. L. Manley, f.r.e.s. 1957 B. P. Moore, b.Sc., D.Phn., f.r.e.s. 1958 N. E. Hickin, ph-d., b.sc., f.r.e.s 1959 F. T. Vallins, a.c.i.l, f.r.e.s 1960 R. M. Mere, fr.e.s. 1961 A. M. Masses, o.b.e., d.sc., fr e.s. 1962 A. E. Gardner, f.r.e.s. 1963 J. L. Messenger, b.a., f.r.e.s. 1964 C. G. Roche, f.c.a., f r.e.s. 1965 R. W. J. Uffen, f.r.e.s. 1966 J. A. C. Greenwood, o.be., f.r.e.s 1967 R. F. Bretherton, c.b., m.a., f.r es. 1968 B. Goater, b.sc., f.r.e.s 1969 Capt. J. Ellerton, ds.c, r.n. 1970 B. J. MacNulty, b.sc., ph.d., f.r.i.c.s., f.r.e.s. 1971 Col. A. M. Emmet, m.b.e., t.d., m.a. 1972 Prof. H. E. Hinton, pe d., f.r.s., f.r.e.s. 1973 J. M. Chalmers-Hunt, f.r.e.s. 1974 C. Mackechnie Jarvis, f.l.s., f r.e.s. 1975 M. G. Morris, m.a., ph.d., f r.e.s 1976 W. G. Tremewan, ph.d., c.BioI., m i bioi. 1977 R. Tubbs, o.b.e., f.r.i.b.a., f.r.e.s. 1978 G. Prior, f.l.s., f.r.e.s 1979 Rev. D. J. L. Agassiz, m.a. 1980 R. Fairclough, f.r.e.s. 1981 A. E. Stubbs, b.Sc., f.r.e.s. 1982 J. Heath, f r e.s 1983 B. R. Baker, b.sc., a. m.a., f.r.e.s. 1984 P. A. SOKOLOFF, M.Sc., M l. Biol., F.R E.S 1985 P. J. Baker, c.eng., f.r.h s 1986 J. M. Chalmers-Hunt, f.r.e.s. 1987 Prof J. A. Owen, m.d., pe.d., f.r.e.s. 1988 I. F. G. Mclean, pe d., f.r.e.s. 1989 Mrs F. M. Murphy, b.sc. 1990 C. W. Plant, b.sc., f.r.e.s. 1991 A. J. Halstead, m.sc. 1992 J. Muggleton, m.sc., pe d., m.i bioI., f.r.e.s. 1993 D. Lonsdale, pe d, b.sc. 1994 P. M. Waring, m.a., pe.d., f.r.e.s. 1995 M. J. Scoble, b.sc., M.PEii., pe.d., f.r.e.s. 1996 C. Hart, b.sc. 1997 Rev. D. J. L. Agassiz, m.a., pe.d., f.r.e.s. 1998 B. C. Eversham, b.sc., f.r.e.s. 1999 S. R. Miles, f r.e.s. 2000 E. G. Philp, f r es. 2001 R. A. Jones, b.Sc., f r e.s.. f l.s. 2002 P. C. Barnard, b.Sc.. pe.d.. f.r e.s. 2003 B. H. Harley, m.a., f.l.s. 2004 M. R. Wilson, pe.d , f.r.e.s. 2005 M. G. Telfer, M.A. , pe.d. 2006 N. M. Hall, m.a. 2007 Wing Commander R. Parker, raf (Retd) BRITISH JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 20, PART 3, SEPTEMBER 2007 ARTICLES 133 Sickle-bearing Bush-cricket, Phaneroptera falcata (Poda) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), breeding in south-east England. G. A. Collins, P. J. Hodge, M. Edwards & A. Phillips 139 Zyginella pidchra Low (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) - a leafhopper new to the British Isles. K. Bleicher, a. Orosz & J. V. Cross 142 Changes in the saproxylic Coleoptera fauna of four wood pasture sites. D. A. Lott 149 Caddisflies (Trichoptera) collected in the Lake District (Cumbria) in July 2006. E. Ross 152 Spittle sharing among froghopper species. J. S. Badmin SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 137 A record of Tetrastic/ius legiomirhis Giraud (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Kent. M. T. Jennings 138 Pale Mottled Willow Paradrina clavipcdpis (Scopoli) larva on Salix caprea. E. Winokur 141 Pouera coarctata (Eatreille) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in East Cornwall. K. N. A. Alexander 1 53 The occurrence of soft scales (Coccidae) on ornamental yew Taxus baccata. C. Malumphy & J. S. Badmin 199 Somotrichiis unifasciatus (Dejean) (Carabidae) in Britain. J. Denton PROCEEDINGS & TRANSACTIONS/SOCIETY NEWS 155 2006 Annual Exhibition. Imperial College, London SW7 - 11 November 2006 155 British Butterflies 191 Hemiptera 158 British Macrolepidoptera 194 Hymenoptera 164 British Microlepidoptera 196 Orthoptera 168 Channel Islands Lepidoptera 197 Dermaptera 168 Foreign Lepidoptera 197 Trichoptera 174 Diptera 197 General 179 Coleoptera 203 Field Meetings BOOK REVIEWS 201 An Inventory of the Invertebrates of Thorne and Hatfield Moors by Peter Skidmore. J. S. Badmin 201 The. Dragonflies of Essex by Ted Benton & John Dobson. J. Brook 202 Ecology, phenotypes and the Mendelian genetics of burnet moths (Zygaena Fabricius, 1775) by W. Gerald Tremewan. J. S. Badmin COMMENTS 219 Some comments on the recent paper by Michael E. Archer (BJENH 20: 75-94). S. Falk 220 Reactions to the comments of Steven Falk. M. E. Archer ANNOUNCEMENTS 154 Request: Wanted - Large House Spiders 198 AES Exhibition Date Change 220 New BENHS brochure ibc Past Presidents