PTE SIU I ) TL ENT ED | = : —— CA eee
STRONY CUES LEP : eee Ry engpcyepenia ab CaaS eID 1
aa bis pore Com ~ ey a ess
uy 7. 1h tad: plates, | Fock ieee
‘
.
3 ue a. ue wes ett :
nie - * abe b <. e oe. £-
eatery
;
‘Fk
uP
ie
tae ‘*
b
Rehr aes o> ieee cat a
= oe kee TL
Ge eee Pas A) ah c : ¥
eked. rs a —* : BL)
le nt or otic dale, .
» a a | wed ie. 4 , x
RIC tes Mwy ae re ee,
ect
3 ‘
’
f
1
>
7 1
.
Leh
:
‘
.
,
i
“
Tes
i ‘
’
Fix
‘
*’
sy *
‘
4
'
i
‘
a
‘%
’
‘
. ma |
’
‘
oe
4
‘
ri.
.
1?
‘
THE
BRITISH MISCELLANY:
OR
COLOURED FIGURES
OF
NEW, RARE, OR LITTLE KNOWN
ANIMAL SUBJECTS;
MANY NOT BEFORE ASCERTAINED TO BE INHABITANTS
OF THE BRITISH ISLES;
AND
CHIEFLY IN THE POSSESSION OF THE AUTHOR,
JAMES SOWERBY, F.L.S.
HONORARY MEMBER OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF GOTTINGEN};
DESIGNER OF ENGLISH BOTANY AND EXOTIC BOTANY; AND
AUTHOR OF ENGLISH FUNGI AND BRITISH MINERALOGY,
ESE
Let no presuming impious railer tax
Creative Wisdom, as if aught was formed
In vain, or not for admirable ends.
And lives the man whose universal eye
Has swept at once th’ unbounded scheme of things?
Thomson’s Seasons, line $18, &c.
ie
VOL. I.
Ee
LONDON:
PRINTED By R. Taytor & Co., 38, Suor-LaNzE, FLEET-STRERT ;
And sold by the Author, J. SowerBy, at No. 2, Mead-Place,
Lambeth; by WuiTE, Fleet-street; JoHNSON, St. Paul’s
Churchyard; SymMonbs, Paternoster Row; and
all other Booksellers.
MDCCCVI,
lin @
va 0)
toe ye,
i ca
i 3 a
uf Hrd
Clee
eae | ak -
i 7 fe con ue
: : : ; ) ry : i. x 7 } ne aA )
aa Pre “ ey pata we er W tet bt:
7 ae - iy ‘ei
Be, dips a ae or ce ae Ph a rita joes. A
; ee le a dee Vs
j iy rl ia | : vi a a Ke } Mita ai t “4 ; ag - - > eh in - mn
ie ) Tce Ae
i, io rai. : P - ‘ao i. ve ai © of A
r ; 7 ae : ; . ; | As) ~ ae : a ip : se MF
iv 7) _ - ; SOATUA. oS ‘ar wo wt suit sy ie a a ae
) et - are
ni . eae f eee I" 1 i
Ls ‘ ee ie re ‘ iy ra) . ha
Pe my: aha ate 3. yanwor PIMAG
* ; x
the
by ’ channinasnig big ey aha" Salitdahsnand aut vy Mee be +h OisoyViy)
ia ‘eyedybs Minewee eh aa » ufilaee oa pein -
| WEBEL ah eee i
- 7 u } é ¢ =
Wi Po ne aA 4 ,
Se : , - , a 7 ine ai : a
ae Z iD c - 4 . j P co
= ; 7 ' pi! cy 1 ©. { tat. De a keh at) off % ; qt ‘ a
i Font a peat a “_
\. » ee f Eaggriet aie
iw oll ee my Ry mY abn = 2
7 i ae * ee ‘ . tf Pg
i t aD i ot ery 7. ney ot if . ta wl) vy rit. Lar ; ee _* be "
ronids fer ae Ti mbit tee ith ay bk wi ee yy Ff
ae #6 : “Ss a . 7 7.
=] CAPA Wha? hoy oer yar? ’ Lo > hat = ie r . Ps
= eet — ere 4 ’ “I a
bes ms eee el SORE Ns
t Pa sy en tm 6
’ i ol ; TAD Dee S | ay
n
i ee ie ee ey CoG eh out? A, Lary ee is nie
ais) a at @ oye je! vegas 1? Mink 2% 9 a on :
® watt ve rel ae psavis taal nares ye et. rm ey %
ni Mi kh ih a ae 0 Oh | Ay mAb Wo Bawa er 5
). | Odi egal betty
+
*
: WW vps at b
TO
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
FRANCIS LORD SEAFORTH, F.R.S. F.L.S.
GOVERNOR OF BARBADOES,
AND TO
JAMES BRODIE, ESQ., F.R.S. F.L.S.
M.P. FOR FORRES IN NORTH BRITAIN,
I beg leave to dedicate these pages. To his Lordship’s
bounty I owe the greatest part of my Collection of
British Birds; and to the favour of Mr. Brodie I
am indebted for procuring me such an advantage, as
well as for his own personal assistance and zeal in
Furnishing such suljects of Natural History as his
opportunities admit of ;
Who an
their most grateful humble Servant,
JAMES SOWERBY.
Mead Place, Lambeth,
Feb. 1, 1806.
PM dienes fail Pr ms
/ a 1 ae. Ft TA OHOL mae ;
ry. EP hae " i
at ee aN ' jaaeeasens so wong, fou hes ‘ N
LR, a ee ie ae
a 2 ; aie ie ——
oh eae wet om Maoutt coven
DMs: Pilar
rig) | re
he? mT | Nerd tition” hg ea cd ke iu@s Me ok
a fy Wav oes Vet ay : r ce ea 44) shih ae soak a i .
RY cf Tosser! NAD uty he itt wo Whe, wilt, "AM. “i i Sitamd 1)
| ? EY ital, ME y wong oth a iwi ee kel
| ‘gaa icy Ait Wh Sui att Hirer AK, iii: hor
oo grr Liha) Ssatnviauen Aout Wis: ai wit, ae SS
rir gy low Weviia Xo ayia ia esata
” “ ihe te cn . ame es
Me 4 4a: iat Wyong Fade al
PREPACE:
Waurusr so many new and interesting objects in
Natural History are constantly unfolded to our view,
it is astonishing to find how often the same subject is
displayed in different works. ‘The author of The Bri-
tish Miscellany considers himself as the first who has
undertaken to collect for publication, merely the
new and rare productions of Great Britain; and he
has great pleasure in finding his exertions repaid by
the stimulus they have given to the followers of Na-
ture in every department. Objects which in former
ages were passed over as too minute or too insignifi-
cant for observation, are generally found to repay the
investigator of them either by their beauty or utility,
The present enlightened age seems very desirous of
elucidating the obscurities of former times; since it
is become very evident, that the least as well as the
largest work of nature is equally the production of
an all-wise Creator.
Upon Natural History all the most useful arts are
dependent; it is also the greatest reflecter of that
v1 PREFACE.
wisdom which man alone is allowed to contemplate.
Philosophers, both of antient and modern times, have
endeavoured to show, that to study Nature is the most
effectual way to produce in our minds a veneration
for the omnipotent Creator. The more we investigate
the wonders of his bounty, the more convinced we
shall feel that it is our duty to explore and examine
the treasures which are at present dormant.
To the numerous friends who have honoured me
with patronage and assistance in the present work I
beg leave to offer my most grateful thanks; and can
only assure them that my abilities shall be most
strenuously exerted to render the future volumes of it
deserving the encouragement that has been given to
the present one.
With regard to the execution, the best criterion is,
that the most perfect judges have thought it worthy
of encouragement, and the enlightened assistance it
has received will be readily discerned by the true
critic.
127
Dido mlx,
CARABUS chrysostomos.
Golden-mouthed Carabus.
Spec. CHAr. Blue-green: with the mouth, antennz
and feet rufous. Head and thorax deeply punctate.
Elytra truncate at the end, and subemarginate.
Syn. Carabus chrysostomos. Marsh. Ent. Brit. 1.
469. iO1.
Carabus dentatus. Jvoss. Faun. Etrusc. i. 222. 551.
Ry DOE
Drypta emarginata. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. i. 230. 1.
aqureilie Jdist. INat. Cc. Vill. 2604. 1. t., 2. Jo 1 -
Cicindela emarginata. Fab. Ent. Syst. Em. i. 177.
37.’ Pante Faun insoGerm. Tatn. 28. f.'15.
Length of the body 4
} lines.
of the thorax %
Breadth {oF the elytra 1}
Tue specimen from which our figure of this very rare and
most elegant little insect was taken 1s in the rich cabinet of
Alexander MacLeay, Esq., to whom it came amongst the
insects of the Jate Mr. Lewin. Mr. Marsham described it
from one in the collection of that intelligent and indefa-
tigable entomologist, the lamented John Beckwith: these
are the only two British specimens that are at present
known to have been taken. The Rev. W. Kirby possesses
one from Italy, which was sent him by a Swedish entomo-
logist, Major Gyllenhal, as the Drypta emarginata of Fa-
bricius. This specimen is bluer than ours, and answers
exactly to that author’s description of his insect. M. La-
treille observes that it is rare in France, and found under
stones.
The entomologist of Kiel originally gave this insect as a
Cicindela: Mr. Marsham, with more reason perhaps, has
VOL. I. fe)
125
considered it as a Caralus, to which genus it is certainly
more nearly related both by habit and habitat than to Ci-
cindela: still, however, it has considerable affinity with
the latter genus, and may be reyarded as one of the links
which connect it with the former. In the Systema Eleu-
theratorum, Fabricius has placed this insect in the genus
Drypla, which he adopted from that most accurate ento-
mologist M. Latreilie, who in his. late work (Hist. nat.
générale et particuliére des Crustacés et Insectes, tom. iil.
p. 87) bas placed it in the third family (Carabici) of his
first Section (Feeders six, all the Tarst 5-articulate) of his
first Order (Coleoptera). Under this it belongs to his
Division A, (Celeripedes) , and subdivision iv (Longipalpatz).
The most striking circumstances in which this insect
differs from Caralws are its feelers, which instead of being
filiform, with the intermediate ones not remarkably more
slender than the others, are elongate and subcapitate; the
Jast joint being much Jarger than the rest, and securiform or
hatchet-shaped ; and the intermediate ones, which are fili-
form, and longer than in Caralus, are much slenderer
than the others. The antenne are strikingly distinguished
from those of every other Caralus, by the remarkable
Jength of the first joint. The thorax, though it is rather
obcordate, has no margin, and is subcylindrical. The maxille
also are protended, and the eyes very prominent. We shall
now give a very particular description of this singular in-
sect, that our readers may be better able to judge of its claim
to be considered as belonging to a distinct genus.
Body depressed, blue-green, rather hairy, hairs diverging.
Head elongate, very narrow, covered with impressed
pomts. Mouth rufous. Jaws protended, toothless, acu-
minate, forcipate at the end. Apex of the valvulz hooked,
on the inner side setoso-pectinate. Feelers elongate, ru-
fous. The exterior, or valvular, consisting of three joints ;
the first elongate, subclavate; the intermediate subclavate ;
the last large, compressed, nearly triangular: the two last
H bt
wre}
129
joints form an angle with the first. The intermediate
feelers consist of two joints ; the first filiform, the second
very slightly clavate. The interior or labial feelers consist
of three joints, the first very short and rather conical, the
second long and nearly filiform, the third large hatchet-
shaped ; the first forms an angle with the second, and the
second with the third. Labrum, or upper-lip, transverse,
depressed, at the end obsoletely three-lobed, surface un-
even, without points. Labium, or under-lip, minute,
very slender, nearly filiform, protended between the in-
terior feelers. Chin obcordate, at the end three-lobed; la-
teral lobes longest and acute. Antenne lateral, inserted
just above the labrum, filiform, covered with short hairs,
rufous, consisting of eleven joints: first joint very long,
occupying more than a fourth part of the whole antenna,
thicker than the following ones, subclavate, black at the
end; the second very short, turbinato-conical ; the third
longer, and growing gradually thicker to the end; the rest
of nearly equal size and filiform—the last rather acute.
Eyes lateral, hemispherical, very prominent. Neck and
throat distinct, narrower than the head, without points,
shining. Trunk very narrow, subcylindrical, not margined,
widest at the head, rather obcordate, covered with deeply
impressed points, distinguished on the thorax by a longi-
tudinal channel. Breast-bone not remarkable. Legs ru-
fous, nearly of the same length. First joint of the hips
large, nearly hemispherical; the second smaller and obco-
nical. Thighs thickest in the middle. Tibi growing
gradually thicker from the base to the apex—the anterior
pair distinguished by an internal lateral notch or sinus;
terminal spines very short. Tarsi consisting of five joints ;
the last but one bipartite with long lobes; the last ascend-
ing,
crooked claw. The first joint of the hips of the posterior
legs is flattish, and rather triangular; the second is oblong-
curved, subclavate, armed at the end with a double
oval aud placed under the thigh longitudinally, so as to be
130
a kind of support to it. The scutellum is obsolete. The
elytra are shorter than the abdomen, slightly margined,
at the end rather widest, truncate and subemarginate,
taken together of an oblong-oval shape. Their surface
is distinguished by nine lines of deeply impressed points ;
the line nearest the suture towards the base diverges a little,
so as to give room for another very short line of points,
running from the base a little way down the suture: in the
space between this and the diverging line two impressed
points are observable. The interstices between the lines are
rather convex, and very minutely punctulate. The abdomen
consists of five segments with a very obtuse anus.
Fabricius describes the tarsi of this insect as consisting
only of four joints, with the last bilobed; from which it is
plain he did not take into the account the terminal or un-
guicular joint. Without this, however, no insect has five
joints in its tarsi. In Panzer’s figure, which, although
too blue, is certainly intended for our insect, the tarsi have
only four joints with the last but one bilobed. This is
clearly a mistake. M. Latreille corrects this error, by
placing it in a section in which the species have all the tarsi,
of fiye joints.
Explanation of the Plate.
Fig. 1. Carabus chrysostomos, of its natural size.
2. Ditto, magnified.
3. a. Labrum or Upper-lip.
b. Maxille or Jaws. (Mandilule Fab.)
4. a Exterior Feeler.
b Intermediate Do.
ce Interior Do.
d Labium or Under-lip. ( Ligula Fab. Levre
inférieure Latr.)
e Mentum, or Chin. ( Labiwm Fal. Ganache
Latr.)
Apex of one of the Valvula. (Maxille Fab.)
One of the Tarsi of five joints.
. The Antenna.
8. One of the Elytra.
IDE
131
TA Be oL&:
SPONGIA cancellata.
Cancellated Sponge.
Class 6, Vermes. Order 4, Zoophyta.
Gen. Spongia. Spec. __ cancellata.
EOE
Tuis remarkable Sponge was brought me fresh from
Brighton by Mr. Fellows, September 17th 1805. Its can-
cellated structure distinguishes it at first sight from all
others that I have seen either specimens or figures of,
especially as British. Besides this structure in the general
habit, its fibres are also cancellated or reticulated with a
horny appearance when magnified. All spongize seem to
betray more or less the habitation or nidus of some animal,
in the general structure. The kneed appearance and the
swelling at the bend of. the knee, with the inyerted conical
aperture, give this assurance. It is rather astonishing
that this circumstance has not been ascertained with any
certainty.
In the present laudably inquisitive age there is little doubt
but it is likely to be found out.
t¥
. D
i %
h i
— of
te!
. -
F
‘
(ys
i
' .
i
*
S
~y
- iss
eo»
ml
Le
'
. ;
Ae
Ia &
:-.
“te Gish ws
>t
‘e829
Fal ‘
- .-
pw aA
' v " '
7 7
’ nal on
i a 1 os
* & :
, 104 ;
. 4
*
2 ’ .
rr
a .
‘ ais
‘
% 5 ee
i i iar : ¥ %
= ie
wh 2
~<
a 2
4
Mf eae Sat Pao
Pe ui a
5 ii merry oil Fc
ay vl
ale svig diuhaye. ya
=
Roan
rn : : - .
) 7 q
4) A ayy 5 oe 4 , F
pil? &f ; hy oe - , |
ij ig. at | of SPiN ee id Jabvual te reve att bat
i \
¢ een at £ @¢ ae
eliG Louie od ae" ol ris Ma i" ts ; ,
POY amy rh ,
ak , Lon + ; «
: ; a iba ‘
4 fed y p . -
\ A 2
: : oe ' a
? .
a ; 7
7 - 7 7 ; 4
r és o : :
} 7 ; j ' ;
ny 7 ae 5 * ‘ ’ sr g
th. : ; , - <%) i]
7 ef» |
i mx -
‘ - ® © 7 a "
. , ' ne Ge
: ; . “a i rps :
‘ i ; a , es ee
@ ‘ i ‘ ian
j *
Ager, va cc
ay ys
aye 7 9
ry f q
‘as WU: 4
~
] ri m. 4
‘ae -
‘at
Pras oe ty a
par si ne te 4}
Ap Ya i
io a De
si’
'
"
NAD! ka
: })
? |
Mi’ A
A Ve 2
{ ?
erent bee Tae af Oa
- : i
rf ber ia te i‘ Mi
a hy aMie
ies cara
WIM 1) sh cas a
Pai: On i
1 tron: i
De, conti ig?
; “4 Ny ae Pinay sais iZ
Sena Be re pe
’ ; ea ved : LATIN
vt ce : 4 ‘a es Sup Gene tLe
me i aie:
mm rt ba iy
en: ees
a & | A as ogi ee eee
AO ry,
Li 0.
Sowerby
bv Ja:
Pubs Lf) heat
804
Oc6L.
DD Abs;
PRY Strait bidens.
Two-toothed Cachalot.
Class 1. Mammalia. Order 7. Cete.
Gen. Car. Teeth bony, only in the lower jaw. A
spiracle in the fore part of the head.
Spec. Cuar. ‘Teeth two, one on each side the jaw.
For this animal I am indebted to that zealous promoter
of natural history, my very kind friend James Brodie, Esq.
F. L.S., who has made every exertion in his power to show
the world that it may be added to the present list of British
zoological subjects ; and indeed, as far as we know, it is quite
a new species. It was observed by this gentleman, cast on
his own estate, near Brodie-house, Elginshire. On account of
its weight and bulk, he sent me only the head; a sufficient
mark to. distinguish it from all others of this genus, and to
serve as a specimen for my museum. I was much pleased
and astonished when I found, from the extraordinary for-
mation of its mouth, and the situation of its teeth, that this
was likely to prove a species not yet described ; and I was
soon confirmed in that opinion by examination, and compa-
rison at that great source of knowledge and instruction in
Soho Square.
Mr. Brodie (who assisted me with the sketch and de-
scription of the rest of this animal) observes, that the cuticle
on every part of the head and body was perfectly pellucid
and satiny, reflecting the sun to a great distance. Imme-
B
9
diately under the cuticle, the sides were completely covered
with white vermicular streaks, in every direction, which at
a little distance appeared like irregular cuts with a small
sharp instrument. It was a male animal.
We know of no whale, with only two teeth in the lower
jaw, described by any author. Gmelin mentions one with two
teeth in the upper yaw, which he calls Baleena rostrata.
Johnson has figured what he calls Delphinus foemina with
apparently two teeth in the wpper yaw, and impressions in
the lower one*. We cannot be mistaken.as to the position
of the head in our figure, for the spiracle was sufficiently
conspicuous when it was received. We might have called
it Physeter rostratus, with some propriety; but this might
have created confusion. It is however a curious circum-
stance, that such an appellation would suit better if it were
described with the wrong side upwards ; which will be easily
observed, if the plate be reversed: and the jaws, in this
case, very aptly resemble a bird’s beak.
Animal oblong, black above, nearly white below, 16 feet
long, 11 feet in circumference at the thickest part, with
1 fin on the back. Head acuminated. Lower jaw blunt,
longer than the upper, with two short lateral bony teeth.
Upper jaw sharp, let into the lower one by two lateral im-
pressions corresponding with the teeth. Opening of the
mouth 1 foot 6 inches. Tongue smooth, vascular, small.
Throat very vascular, rough. Under the throat are found
two diverging furrows, terminating below the eyes ; which
are small, and placed 6 inches behind the mouth.
Spiracle lunate, the ends pointing forwards.
* These appear to be the same as Schreber’s figure, which is marked Del-
phinus bidens ; but we have not seen his description.
It is not unlike our animal, but, if meant for the same, is represented rather
too short, with the head the wrong side upwards!
ve, i a ee
Rae he
I mt
Pee \ ial a ne
ae ae
: i x
a id i) uM i
i 17 ;
AS ba i neh wae ae
4 — 2 i ea he
f « 4 bi
f 2 re a
: hf a)
ie
awe sites Midyees!
vs ; co :
aa ae Whig Die Paginniey
Babs < | ya wings say engin
ek “bey bis Ru dni (he be ( |
GRP ciel We: Sih, Wiel n rege:
Wiig id ey a
i haa dase... Pikerryae
NEE oie tine cia
a Oe Aa
. ae re hats ; me Shee: s
i | hea Aah we Meal) oh aid a .
Bs cing iiss ee ee has. Bini pk i Atoe’
% ay ‘Kio, eins fa nf ‘
bs \ The | drag ee tag TAO Sia ge wig"
a . ah dears Ly iP Or: Vet ery 7 aay Rr ea
teal ie Wh Wow dee wie Pay i, eo te lat ;
r ae oa 94
a os ieee.
London.
gi sal seal
PAPILIO Blandina.
Class 5. Insecta, Order 3. Lepidoptera.
Gen. Cuar. Antenne thicker towards the end,
and generally ending in a knob. Wings erect
when sitting.
Spec. CHar. Upper wings dentated, fuscous; with
a rufous stripe, and three eye-like spots. Lower
wings fuscous beneath, with a grey stripe, and
white mark.
Syn. P. Blandina. Fab. Ent. Syst. ili. 1. p. 236.
n. 736. not Turt. Linn. v. 3. 108.
P. Ligea. Scop. Carn. n. 436.
P: /Ethiops. Esper. 7) 25.7. $. t. 63. f.1.
P. Medea. Wien. Schmetterl. 167. n. 7.
Tuts newly discovered species of Papilio, as a native of
Britain, was caught in the Isle of Arran, one of the Western
Islands of Scotland. The specimen from which our drawing
was taken is in the cabinet of our kind friend 4. MacLeay,
Esq. Secr. Linn. Soc.
The upper wings have a dentated appearance at the edges,
are fuscous on the upper side, with a sort of orange-coloured
irregular stripe, on which are three black rings, with a white
4.
spot in the middle of each, and a small black spot; beneath
paler fuscous, with an orange-coloured stripe and three
black rings, white in the middle. Lower wings fuscous
above, with an orange stripe and a black spot; with a light
brown stripe beneath, a black spot, and an irregularly scal-
loped white mark,
yonw bt shan! ;
ys hak Bo im)
Oct 1604-.L abi fhed by Ja! Sousrby, Tronder:
PA Bs Te:
COLUBER Dumfrisiensis.
Dumfriesshire Snake.
Class 3, Amphibia. Order 1. Reptilia.
Gen. Cuar. Plates on the belly. Scales under
the tail.
Spec. Caar. Plates on the belly 162. Scales under
the tail about 80.
Tuts Coluber seems to be entirely new, and was discovered
by 7. W. Simmons, near Dumfries. As only one specimen
has been seen, we cannot say much with regard to its usual
size. The figures are pretty accurately drawn, as to the
size of the specimen. The scales of the back are extremely
simple, not carinated—see the lowest figure.
It is of a pale brown colour, with pairs of reddish brown
stripes from side to side over the back, somewhat zigzag ;
with intervening spots on the sides,
desell
Ps te 4 rt
\
ant ia “ :
He |
a
EAsByj Ne
ACTINIA equina.
Class 6. Vermes. Order 2. Mollusca.
Gen. Cuar. Body warted, fixed by the base, with
one terminal aperture or mouth, surrounded by
numerous cirrhi.
Spec. Cuar. Greenish, with a rosy foramen or
mouth, pale rosy cirrhi, with an aperture at the
extremity of each.
Syn. Actinia rufa? Gmel. v. 1.p. 3131.
Actinia equina? Linn. Syst. ed. 12. v. 1. p. 1088.
Dicquem. Phil. Trans. v. 63. p. 361. t. 16, 17.
vO-= 12:
Tursx have been found several times of late, generally
after the most violent storms, by Dr. Smith of Yarmouth ;
who has occasionally kept them for a twelvemonth or more,
giving them fresh sea water every day, and feeding them
with oysters or muscles. Like others of the genus, this
animal forms a sort of ball when at rest—sce the bottom
Jigure ; and it is curious to observe the various appearances
it assumes while expanding to the size of the upper figure.
The cirrhi, being formed as it were for arms to the animal,
are often displayed in so deliberate a manner that it would
seem to have very little sensibility, were itnot often very quick
in drawing them in when disturbed. When touched at the
8
extremity, they remind us of the conductor of a weak
electrifying machine, while in action; but adhere to the
fingers. It often protrudes its stomach and expands it over
its whole surface ; at which time, if a fresh oyster or muscle
be taken from its shell, and thrown to it, it envelops and
draws it into its body; from whence, in a few days, it 1s
again discharged by the same channel, altered and very
much diminished. Ifthe food given it be not quite fresh,
it throws it to a distance and appears uneasy.
Body greenish above, variegated with orange-coloured
stripes, and covered with minute white specks ; when closed,
roundish, warted, flat at the base with a narrow rim, grey
beneath, and formed for attaching itself to stones. Mouth
soft, red, surrounded by 138 cirrhi of a light rose-colour,
cylindrical, perforated at the end. A red line runs nearly
to the base of each, and is lost towards the mouth. Stomach
light brown, plaited.
th
GY
NN
AAA
2. By Tal Sowerby. Lendon
as Wi:
VESPERTILIO Barbastellus.
Class 1. Mammalia. Order 1. Primates.
Gen. Cuar. Teeth erect, acuminated, approximated.
Fore feet fitted for flying, covered with a mem-
brane.
Spec. CuHar. Caudated. Cheeks tumid, hairy. Ears
large, angulated near the base. Nose flat. Fore-
head bald. ‘Two inches long.
Syn. V. Barbastellus. Gel. v. 1. p. 48.
Barbastelle. Buff Hist. Nat. vii. 130. t. 19. f0 1.
Tus new animal, now added to the British catalogue, was
communicated by my friend Mr. Peete, F..L.S., of Dartford,
to whom I applied to help me to the Horse-shoe Bat. He
kindly used his interest at the powder-mills there, whence
Dr. Latham used to procure it, and luckily sent me for it
this more rare animal, the only one yet preserved or known
in this country.
Teeth small, all, except the canine, notched. Above the
nose, to a little beyond the ears, it is bald and flat. The
nose is smooth and concave. The ears are the length of the
head, with a notch at each edge, undulated at the outer
edge; hairy at the back, and having an auricle within (in
which it differs particularly from the Horse-shoe Bat). The
eyes are placed within the ear. The hair all over is dark
brown at the base, and white at thetip. It is much smaller,
and the teeth are sharper than in the Horse-shoe Bat.
As he pene wee
hy +,
. a Bitte a vet eat re
pee Yo levantarse TO, ‘o
afk of foifaag F ony Ob): { 4
| ; a Boueh ete tf” ne
ven (emoh tau (0, 1) es
isin: SAT Scns aia if
rie rm Sit te
biliny » fate ame dts,
3 ih ing Hohhot uh st aed atarn .
sareshiibe Roya Aig 5 da oi Si easter +r
ase . palbeor: ‘haa ey
}> vere +f
i f
ein a u ir’ ye: Re)
ey , ik ‘ i ete f sestht ei Me cote All Me
; \ ee ,
a i Piiden (4,4,2
t | Ler y CVS
( ey
' ly f.
’
: ri
x
} . 1 4 , \
‘ a
ey ‘
fit ¥ 1 ;
i
'
' ; i ;
- » i)
ml.
; ’
a ae : ) [
f
, ”
: ’ a
i " : F A j
{ea ¥ Pia:
A -
yon bby
} ae Gece \4 j
#,
#¢F
Riacina te gi
a | io d f
eon
af hg PIyfZerd bOGT LILAC
2
YUCpuoy AGLIAN0S? ¢
‘9
nt
TAB. VI.
ANAS histrionica.
Harlequin Duck.
Class 3, Aves. Order 3, Anseres.
Gen. Cuar. Beak with lamellar teeth, convex, obtuse.
Nostrils ovate. Tongue ciliated, obtuse. eet
palmated; the three front toes united by a mem-
brane; hind ones without a membrane.
SPEC. Gras Male fuscous, varied with white ‘hid
blue; ears with a white line; neck and breast
with a white stripe. Female grey; ears white ;
first wing-coverts blackish.
Male.
Syn. Anas histrionica. Linn. Syst. i. 204. 35.
Brun. Orn. no. 84, 85. Mull. no. 127. Faun.
Grenl. no. 46: Georgi Reise, p. 166. Phil.
Trans. \xi. 417. Frisch. t. 157.
Brimond. Olaff: Icel. ii. t. 34.
Le Canard 4 Collier de Terre Neuve. Bris. Orn. vi.
362.14. Buff: Ois. ix. 250. Pl. Enl. 798.
Stone Duck. Hist. Kamtsch. 160.
Dusky and spotted Duck. Edw. pl. 99.
Harlequin Duck. rct. Zool. no. 490, Lath. Syn.
vi. 484. 38.
Female.
Anas minuta. Linn. Syst. i. 204.36. Brun. no. 86.
Faun. Greenl. no. 46.
La Sarcelle de la Baye de Hudson. Bris. Orn. vi.
469. 41.
Le Canard brun. Buff: Ois. ix. 252. Pl. Enl. 1007.
brun et blanc. Buff. Ois. ix. 287. Pl.
Enl. 799.
Little brown and white Duck. Edw. Bl Wa.
Catesh. Car. 1. 98.
Harlequin Duck female. Lath. Syn, vi. 485. 38,
12
‘Tue male and female of this were by Linnzus thought to
be different species. We are however well assured of the
contrary by our most kind friend Lord Seaforth, who pro-
cured and favoured me with these specimens from Scotland.
Mr. Simmons gave me a young female which he shot in
one of the Orkneys.
Dr. Latham’s description of it in his Synopsis is so good,
that we cannot do better than follow him.
Male.—“ Size of a Wigeon. Length one foot five inches:
breadth twenty-six inches: weight eighteen ounces and three
quarters, troy. Bill near an inch and half long, and black :
irides hazel: between the bill and eye white, in some yel-
lowish, or saffron colour*, extending a little over the eyes,
and beyond. Crown of the head black, bounded by a reddish
streak : on each side of the neck a perpendicular line of white,
and above it a white spot; except this, the whole of the neck
is black: round the breast is a white collar, broadest be-
hind, where it is marked with black dots, and is bounded
by a black band: between this and the wings is a transverse
mark of white. The breast, below the collar, blueish ash
colour. The back dusky brown, inclined to purple. Rump
deep blue black. Belly and thighs black. Sides dull orange:
on each side of the tail a spot of white. The prime quills
dusky ash colour, some of them tipped with white. Tail
brown. Legs blueish black.”
Female.—** Length thirteen inches and a half. Bill black :
irides hazel: the forehead and between the bill and eye
white: on the ear a spot of the same: head, neck, and back
brown; palest on the fore part of the neck: upper part of
the breast and rump rufous brown: lower part of the breast
and belly barred with pale rufous and white, but the lower
belly and thighs with rufous and brown: scapulars and
wing-coverts rufous brown; the outer greater ones blackish;
quills and tail dusky, the last inclined to rufous: legs
dusky.”
* Muller.
Gr 2.2605. Pibifhed by Jas Sowerds,Zendon
13
TAB. Vil.
PAPEL1O) Ligea.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 3. Lepidoptera.
Spec. CHar. Wings dentated, fuscous, with a rufous
stripe; on each side of the upper wing three eye-
like spots ; on the lower four ; under side marked
with grey.
Syn. Papilio Ligea. Linn. Syst. Nat. &. 772. 144.
—————— Faun. Suec. 1050.
—— Fal. Ent. Syst. tii. 1. p. 234. n.
732.
P. Alexis. Esp. Tab. 44. f. 1. 2.
Tuts is another new British Insect, procured by
A. MacLeay, Esq. Sec. L.S., from the same place as the
one figured in tab. 3. of this Work.
’ ‘d < ; .
OF Boe ; : :
‘ fat : | i :
=
: \
; . ; & u »
1) a ry GAT
ok 4 f es J. *% {} i
. " uy ;
| ord iE OIE ER 0
| :
ar tt r oy
Wie Vat
i + “ y J k ‘ : r
RiSiGqobias! A, BORE, .B aay ae ite
—
auch {bast agai. aan sae?)
a
‘ -
* \
4
s Y ” i
re A 7, i
= > . - oe Ce ua .
“ : = g me ee ra WARE) aes ai echt ‘ m he
‘ ; " . pias Pw
: S io 4 - ‘
ies ot ;
e ane >
a ope Wr. ty
= ( mh ee
ag
\ 3 P
3 .
{ ati og
cS
‘ ; >
wit | > ewe u rosyeeee ee Shee eel oh ;
Ligon = (2a A meeieite)” weed RO! 21H
“et we P c oh ve m1 .. .
- ° : f } i
2 mh
-'
: A aie Ds 5 "
, es
: iT
aie ,
/ rs .
: '
’
‘
* =
/
\
t
Hy 7+ ‘
‘
i J Z ’
% r Xi,
5 .
1 , i
f
. a 2; : 4
u : . ” ie
o
' ‘ see
Sea
=
C4
a
=
= ey
Jan? 2 1805. Pabijhed Br Jak Sowerby, Londen
Lib:
AA. VB
LIN EUS longissimus.
Black Line-lWorm.
Class 5. Vermes. Order 1. Intestina.
Gen. Cuar. Animal naked, simple, not attached.
Body linear, smooth, depressed. Mouth beneath
longitudinal.
Syn. Lineus longissimus. TJ. W. Simmons’s MSS.
Sea Longworm. Borlase’s Cornwall, pl. 26. f. 13.
Tue first intelligence I had of this animal was from
Colonel Montague, who informed me also of their great
length, but found it difficult, from their rotting, to preserve
them to send me.
It seems to have been long and well known to the fisher
men of the coast; but after they have told one that it 1s
many fathoms in length, and that though they are continually
hawling them in as they would a rope, they never find the
extremity, they are then sufficiently satisfied that one knows
enough of the matter; and persuasion or money will scarcely
procure specimens from them.
“Length many feet. Breadth one-third of an inch. Colour
towards the head black; towards the opposite extremity it
becomes gradually of a light brown with paler longitudinal
streaks, The extremity nearest the mouth is slightly tapering,
emarginate, and marked with a transyerse semicircular line.
16
It appears capable of elongating itself, something in the
manner of a leech. The mouth is situated half an inch
distant from the apex, and forms a longitudinal aperture of
three-quarters of an inch in length (to us it did not appear
to be above a quarter of aninch). Motion very slow.
<¢ This animal is frequently dredged up by the fishermen
at Newhayen in the Frith of Forth. If plunged whilst living
into alcohol, it contracts, and appears to be irregularly an-
nulated. When permitted to remain in the same water
many days, the posterior extremity becomes putrid and
decomposed, whilst the other part remains entire and ca-
pable of motion. It is so fragile that the entire animal has
not yet been procured. A detached piece measured twelve
feet, and the fishermen at Newhaven assert that they have
met with pieces more than as many fathom in length.”
The above description was taken from the MSS. of Mr.
T. W. Simmons of Edinburgh, to whom I am indebted for
specimens of this extraordinary animal.
ee
Aaa ve ns
ee rt. 4 a
i ny A ca
ek? | e- eae ow ; .
(det
of ae hag |
Bia e me tay vis a
aah ol alps wie
‘ce (Oe Phe 6 le
ik. © ae od te
4
AN yi his
ey i ro es OE Son eiant,
nearest anh Oe le aera had! ing Sa hy
th
ret R Us id
ieee ns) os
: y
5 Lublf ped:
By
Jaf Somer3s
17
TA B.. 2X:
MONODON Monoceros.
Sea Unicorn, or Narwhal.
Class 1. Mammalia. Order 7. Cete.
Gen. Cuar. Teeth two, long, spiral, projected for-
wards from the front of the upper jaw, through
the lip.
Syn. Monodon Monoceros. Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 13.
vy. 1.222. Turts v. 1. 127.
Turs animal was cast on the coast at Friestone, in Boston-
Deeps, on Feb. 15, 1800. It perfectly agreed with the
name given by Linnzus, in having but one tooth, looking
like a horn; but, on examining the upper jaw, it was
very evident that the other tooth had been lost; and we
have since seen a perfect skeleton of the head of this ani-
mal with the two teeth fixed in their proper sockets. The
present specimen was 25 feet in length, and the tooth seven
feet six inches. The teeth are spirally twisted, with a slight
groove, terminating in a smooth point, as if worn down,
and consist of very hard, compact ivory. Mouth rather
small. Front of the head much rounded and blunt. Eyes
black and small, considering the size of the animal, as in
ail the Order Cete. We observed the rudiment of a fin on
the back, and a hard ridge near the tail. Black above from
the nose to the tail, softened with streaky spots towards the
sides, which are white, with a few spots. Belly white.
VOL. I. ©
18
Fins black. The whole animal was covered with a black
and whiie horny substance, like some kinds of tortoise-
shell, composed of lamin for an inch or more in depth.
fn the stomach were found the horny beaks of cuttle-fish
In great quantity.
It was shown in Cockspur-street for some time, also at
Cambridge. This animal is said to be most frequently
found with only one tooth. It will occasionally pierce the
bottom of a ship with its teeth; which circumstance may
account for the frequent loss of one of them.
|
5
i
Leb? 1 1805
Betz ,
LU Dy hed
lowerds
London
19
TAB. X.
PHALAROPUS Hyperboreus.
Red-necked Phalarope, or Coot-footed Tringa.
Class 2. Aves. Order 18. Pinnatipedes.
Grn. Cuar. Bill straight. Nostrils minute. Toes
furnished with a broad and generally scalloped
membrane.
Spec. Cuar. Male gray, a white stripe on the wing,
and white beneath the rump. Breast gray. Sides
of the neck ferruginous. Eyelashes white. e-
male. Body gray beneath. Rump rufous. White
stripe on the wing. Eyebrows and base of the
greater wing-coverts reddish. Sides of the neck
ferruginous.
Syn. Male. ‘Tringa hyperborea. Linn. Syst. i.
249.9. Faun. Suec. no. 179. (descr. posterior.)
Brun. 172. Mull. 196. Faun. Greenl. no. 75.
Gmel. Syst. i. 675.
Phalaropus cinereus. Briss. vi. 15. 2. Id. 8vo. il.
362.
Larus fidipes alter nostras. Raii Syn. 132, a. 7.
Willugh. 2'70.
Le Phalarope cendré. Buff, viii. 224; Pl. Enl. 766.
Cock Coot-footed Tringa. Edw. t. 143.
Red Phalarope. Br. Zool. ii. no. 219. t. 76. Lath,
Syn. v. 270. 1.
Cc 2
20
Female. Tringa fulicaria. Linn. Syst. 1. 249. 10.
Faun. Greenl. no. 76. Gmel. Syst. i. 676. 6.
Phalaropus rufescens. Briss. vi. 20. 4 Id. 8yo.
li. 363.
Le Phalarope rouge. Buff. vill. 225.
Red Coot-footed Tringa. Edw. t. 142.
Phalaropus hyperboreus. Lath. Ind. Orn. v. 2.775.
T. W. Simmons’s MSS.
"Tuts bird is 7 inches inlength. Bill 3 inch, black. Eye-
lids white. Tarsi black, compressed. Toes united as far
as the first, second, and third phalanx of the inner, middle,
and outermost toes respectively ; the unconnected part of
the toes webbed; margins of the web scalloped and pec-
tinated. Claws black. The female differs from the male
in having the head of a dusky black, and the throat of a
white colour; also on the fore part a bright ferruginous
spot, extending upwards on each side towards the head,
but which is prevented from encircling the neck by a very
narrow streak of a dark cinereous colour. This is con-
tinued from the head to the back. The dusky streaks on
the back are fewerand paler. The cinereous colour is every
where much darker than that of the male.
This species was procured in July 1803, at the edges of the
fresh-water lochs in the Islands of Sunda and N. Ro-
naldsha. |
Six females and two males were dissected, and remains
of fresh-water insects were found in their stomachs. From
the small size of the ovaria, and the length and thickness of
the oviduct, it was concluded that the eggs had been lately
laid. It was sufficiently evident from dissection that the
Zt
males were adult birds. From the deficiency of feathers on
the breasts of the males, from their less bright plumage,
and from the disproportion of their number to that of the fe-
males, it is not unreasonable to suppose that the males alone
perform the business of incubation.
As none of the inhabitants had observed them, they had
gained no provincial name, nor was it possible to ascertain
whether they were residents, or summer birds of passage.
It is much to be regretted that the search after their nests
was not attended with the desired success.
The above description was taken from the MSS. of Mr.
T. W. Simmons, by whom we were favoured with the
specimens.
The figure was taken from a female specimen.
Sa a nan cee ee
: ae woe f | alse on nit eles
vac e yeu Tae ata, luouivor
1a ld hy Seong aNe ow
shin saa pia day iil buried, op ie wien a
pagina ib wicols alt dite abd
Peis ie or tf aift gegen nodey abe, seri T
AB AN ae acuta sith ae Das eu ie 1h
‘lw Nahe Saket iis biehciig i
9 al ai mit et bane Stefi cr ae
o
a Hie cee ie, ak
Yow
Papel
Vy W Aer
Lee PL 1808. L
Pub lif ped
v7:
Ta! Sowerby, Londore
TAR x.
PAPILIO Charlotta.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 3. Lepidoptera.
Spec. CHar. Above dull orange, with black marks;
nineteen silver spots on the lower wing beneath.
Some years ago ihe Rev. Dr. Charles Abbott discovered
this curious fritillary in Bedfordshire; and we do not know
that it has been found by any one else. The 19 silver spots
on the under part of the lower wing are very constant *. It
is an elegant insect, well deserving an honourable name,
and comes near to P. Aglaia in the System. As we have,
comparatively speaking, but few Papilios in Great Britain, it
is a very desirable acquisition. This gentleman likewise
first added P. paniscus to the British list, and was so kind
as to favour me with several pairs of them.
* There are several other differences, which may be observed in the
figure.
sl
eT
-
; a svat! erate’ "98 | : i / :
i Pig Sighianoy CTre — ies vA wall i Bg e bat
+ . Pe GAMBLE ghdsindaad "AS Anis ihe <; Po mea tango >. CON
7 site Mil decd » eeeey hagas odd af Molwt. Salen comod fateh
ae de sce es) nd aciliqa’t wit ude iliac? y| heiigaqgioe
Seivah ceacialtas ait xn lai Shdleates oh te oR es :
¥ 25a Heh 6 hot sha co. i
peices, aber
{hig one wT ia ot | a
ey> VL Bah om anve fection
. 4 J
j Tf . i
We : Ne 4 —
j
és
( { 7 ane pe
f " poet e.
i
») - a
.
fyt +. : You ;
' 2
ws f ‘
, a A ' a
yy 7
x y i m ’ :
P ‘ ~ a
’, n 7
' a -
NW) :
a ‘
4 a
UJ . -
’ ‘ 4
¥ i
A 4 —
1 \ ti
} : ’
- = ’ mi d
, M 1
ct ‘
i ‘ re
‘ M rian «
oo , on 4 ae 7
s : } ‘ MN . a wRig "Ne ae
1 | .
« ul % iF " '
’ : i ha
‘ ' ‘ ’
’ » -
. c ‘, ‘
J .
, ‘
H . . :
j < . 1 \ ¥
. 4 * . Ls
‘ 7 ‘J i i
‘ 4 * Ci y
7 4 wy , ; bd . ' ’ iis §
ry 7 ‘
Mi
- - t ’
; a ; :
m : i
1 , i : ! iY a th ae
"Ti i) ‘ :
w : iy hy :
web : " i O he
i 7 *
i P ’
_ ‘ a '
' a4 td H b ‘ | r 7 bone ‘
7 ,
= q a
; ‘ é
j
, ’ i ’ é j
‘ ‘
»>
' : : : iPr
* = _ ‘ - AY "
‘ a ¥ 4
bd 7 5 i ! = ‘
4 J ‘ nfs
> 4 . {
‘ ‘ef ’ .
7 p ; bea,
g A, =
, ) Ty ‘ 2. on
{ . \ ‘ ry ‘ J i a
LJ a ry 4 " i % Aula A
lp a. ie ae hm
a iit ih. : ioe, Aa
ae ide rh Nem, Days
: ) i *Hith » CMe ue
i TB is a ai! 1
ante, 7, Re i
ane m Bois ' SEB . ft he ey, fi wv my ; a va
7 ‘ date bi au
we Ph vie yO py by +) pout oy4. bs
( ; j :
ning 7
Us ier wal ve n by j
y : } ae es + si rg TT i, a te .
as REI a aS Me ee bt his) aviigal Ris ee i :
ir NPE Pita aR, J * iT. Ver 4 1% ; Lh oe at Oh, ‘i! , 7 e “wa : ,
By th lak gy N Bee RR Bk oo Slice, lap
} ; » ee mk a fe id thaw a
vie Ait dae Brel pee a i , a ba Ns ;
; fi ‘ : pA ah ;
ck A Yt hake res bunks? Rec A Se ae hh an ey ;
j ROE shan iy +h gO > Cee arene dal ab
Cart ee eh dak ben ia lar,
i ‘wie ru ‘ete, "Wihtcqaest a EPR) Meee
os, a
Re J ad Peg 2
1 J q ‘
o “ot. { } + ‘ ‘an
ren 4 I PA hme ae a ~
wy rine t crete Am ny u ; ‘
“ , e i j Pe ee A ry rs ? ‘
ee j Wa rat : ts aKa eas ae i
hi ao AES) en: ve
ry ers ‘| — ‘en it raare =
Tr Ars XT,
AMPHITRITE Ventilabrum.
Class 6. Vermes. Order 2. Mollusca.
Gen. Cuar. Body projecting from a tube, annu-
lated. Feet small, numerous. Feelers two, ap-
proximate, feathered. Eyes none.—Turt.
Spec. CHAR. Fibres of the feelers ciliate on the
inner edge, one feeler with 54 fibres, the other
only 36. Proboscis none.
Syn. Amphitrite Ventilabrum. Zinn. Syst Nat. ed. 13.
OV SLU. Burt, Linn: v. Vs 82:
Maltese Tubular Coralline? Ellis‘s Coral. 92. t. 34.*
Ouvr ingenious countryman Mr. Ellis, famous for his ac-
curate work on Corallines, figured this animal from one
found on the Maltese coast. We are obliged to Mr. T. W.
Simmons for this specimen, taken in a net off Dysart, near
Inch-Keith. The two coats are somewhat lacerated; but as
we see more of the construction of the animal, it 1s so far
an advantage. These coats are somewhat cartilaginous,
and the outermost is roughest. It has 54 branches to the
feeler on one side and 36 to that on the other.
* Ellis has made the case of one coat only, whereas it has two in our
specimen.
aie USE Ny ie F , rn ] Al ri ‘ 7 tA
aE a abs i ‘ } F me { :
nf ’ ‘ , Piha | \ y
P ota =. . fi (k ioe ~ : ;
1 ae y ‘ , i ; by : , re . F ar
‘a My f | j « eae : ‘ ;
= ' 4
4 4 * “*
‘ id ie , |
1 1 4 ) ti Ps
‘ i - ‘ ‘
: “| iH ; ri ; . - 5
} 7 M } ul wi ae ‘ i
ae P rhy i ey
BUS Way cnn Iniipaca
‘ 13 Ly
: ‘
ber ba +
hat) a po eg re A
at t
fu, ;
ats:
‘ ‘at. vo
ie Ri
f *
{
an ’
\ ii =) cal
5 +
oe : " yn ,
agiayted 0 Redanaiount patty
: . at
he
‘
ve Sa
it a if yy Va |
aie sin a. Ate ied | oe
Ags. t rae , fl ; - ; ¥ ’
} ‘
pare,” Ja . / oo, “
ee Le Oe a se hig
4 : he Rew)! > Pra ng u aa
Raed < ey any \ ay I aL Mf pede é
’ a
(Mea
fea. tone
27
TAB. AMY.
PAPILIO Chryseis.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 3. Lepidoptera.
Srec. Coar. Male. Wings orange above, with black
margins, and a black spot on the upper ones,
which are of a blue colour. Female, orange
above, clouded and spotted with black. Both
brown beneath, with 27 eye-like spots.
Syn. P. Chryseis. Fab. Mant. Ins. 2.'79.n.'725.
—-- Gmel. Syst. Nat. ed. 13, v. 1.
935%. 1.. 815.
—_———.-- Wein. Schmetierl. 181. n. 3.
Anxious that no discovery in Natural History should
escape us, we are happy in presenting this insect to the
public; and the valuable communications of our friends
have helped us to many things that might have lain long
dormant, or perhaps have been totally lost and forgotten.
This new British Papilio was caught by Mr. Plasted of
Chelsea, in Ashdown forest, Sussex.
-
afer
a pail x
: ‘ x
a
é
ne % » ff
1
cA .
—_
v
mo glsms'T
f “4
& 18h A a
x
ai
ute aan
4 sive. OLIVA
ror ee 1 ? 7
oe AHO, one CN
toad de by! 9 ee
3 agree it aid
oye aft fo taqe -
auolog oalf
(fold i es -bettoga bas he
eh ge
‘ he "
+ TENS o, eh
“ft pe, % aS nat
tp igtiys ns ss
in ee
ot aeq ef
, ; ‘
Me UI FO faa
Peavy
slat aay
’
Met free <% Tay! e ..hf J
eee or Ne 2 ithe ce + tal
a : a+
beestth te La oo é
cE «i ive a ws 1h | a ese
4
ad ed ‘; ” ‘yy
,
x ,
'
{ f ‘
4
a mh . ,
‘
oz
&
o
pa © Se
>=
—,
eral
x. Bas agar.
oe Bo) tte Sail
ley ood,
P if terete’ nwo e
.
et ee
f =
; ‘
a ee
‘
v “
ik
‘
Scio
- “Se * v.
on ‘SEE Fae rd * dur
19 ‘
al f eevee |
As Ee DE TINTS
Hes af sae
< te ore’ e
UT. SAL SUSIE nh
a
hi $i tlhe ri ; .
"gh hart a
“a
ve i t :
nen he = Se He |
‘ me i ;
i ae ei vee Adie 4
hie» 2 ii aaa ; ovis rei ; Pp i 4 'y
4
ey By Py is
Saat
| st Dy La be Be he a “di eat ii " Re ay ‘Ayaent a
\ sated By iy wy, al oe ae. rae , ae ate nga d F
i
Merch 1.1806. Pubbfhed by Jat Sowerby, Londen:
14
29
PA Be NIV:
PHALANA Catena.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 3. Lepidoptera.
Gen. Cuar. Antenne gradually tapering from the
base to the tip. Tongue spiral. Wings, when
at rest, generally deflected. —
Spec. CHar. Wings white above, lateral margin
brownish, with 7 white marks resembling a chain:
upper margin with 2 brown spots.
I
Tuts new moth was likewise taken by Mr. Plasted at
Brixton, Surry. It is a very curious one, and has not yet
been described by any author.
It comes among the Noctue in the Linnean System.
a an ai es R
F od Hae v
tah
ie i j
’ ah ies isa : ye
aah bh ae % a Gath Me oh i
; Sirs ; 2 ss |
aa hi
y
WO aaa’ ‘one fe t i
7 h ;
hie ee my Ms fi ‘fe,
' oa ies rer ie {
i 4 ' ‘
i
a
7 ah Vee
4 ¥ a 4) bil '
| per ate tie Se
us Le Web fo. +) ae a i i alee
Le
+ gisele Know cdl ys aa ‘
ou fie on) wees. ihe aan ee) Bie a ete
. ee cay - i *
Marchi 2905. Pubbjred by JaS Sowerby, London.
TABS XV,
ONISCUS longicornis.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 7. Aptera.
Gen. Cuar. Jaws truncate, denticulate. Lzp bifid.
Antenne setaceous, from 2 to 4. Body oval,
consisting of about 14 transverse segments.
Sp c. CHar. Segments of the body 10; the fourth
is the length of six others. Antenne: consisting
of five joints. The eight fore legs hairy in the
inside, the others smooth. Eyes black.
By Mr. T. W. Simmons’s indefatigable industry, in
laudably searching into the knowledge of the natural pro-
ductions of Great Britain, whenever he had an opportunity,
we are enabled to figure this species. He observed this
strange-looking animal entangled in the nets off Dysart,
near Inch-Keith.
It has an appearance that may often cause ane to mistake
the head for the tail: see the upper figure. In the middle
Jigure it seems like a tumbler, or master of attitudes ; in /he
lower figure it appears to be at rest.
The eggs are red, and adhere to the under side of the
largest segment of the body.
y #
he i ,
5 ya) gu Tay 4
is ;
_ 4 F
d
“y
Ly
=) y
va
ny
‘ 1
‘
m0) r
,
ee a Ne eS
‘ Hy yy i «
vente hee avait 10." pacy 0. hi girat seu
1 gh ott alot otto. -
ails (3 yitsst agal se
y f 7 i + *
. a Y f a fay 4
Pe Dar nae | walosited £9470” dicot Me
. 4 y 4 oe : q - i ¥. rs \
es a Be , Sie hes bet ; ‘ - :
any A 7 4 , F 1 i‘ : y ; ; ; > ; a ' :
j 4 yas 7 : 1 ee ae ha A ated : id ia ,
a7 ~
| j hap ;
h " : ; .
ae i ty vs P : ' ) aa
' a ~ ; oo ee vata ‘a ‘
; ‘ 4 >) xe
a eaornena. FiO JE ay '
os o ’ " 5 ‘ ~
,
'
fy
ey tt
ar
re Pp? 4
7.
* »
7
é F
f nfs
Hat
e
.
\ ;
¥
;
, be > 4 ‘ : 7 *
. ; . - - q bs “
‘ Ray ; ot 5 é ; F ‘
h : 1 .
. ; . , +
’ } FI ‘ : i o W , ,
j Am, ' mi ; . $
} Ne
; f is : * ;
{
i i f :
- # fo
, : :
\ : i - :
- : b , i
mas. ; 1 >
. oy. i ; :
nm i A =
TAB. XVI.
MYTILUS. stagnalis.
Class 6. Vermes. Order 3. Testacea.
Gen. Cuar. Animal an Ascidia? Shell bivalve,
rough, generally affixed by a beard of silky fila-
ments; hinge generally without teeth, with an
awl-shaped excavated longitudinal line.
Spec. Cuar. Shell ovate, rather smooth, gibbous,
with a flat space near the hinge.
Syn. Mytilus stagnalis. Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 13. v. 1.
3362.
Mytilus maximus planior viridescens edentulus.
Schroet. flusconch. 159. t. 1. fv 1.
Tue pair of shells from which these were drawn appear to
be unique as British. They much resemble those of My-
tilus Cygneus, but are however more gibbous, and more
pointed on one side. There is also a flat space near the
hinge towards the broader side. The description, in Linn.
Syst. Nat. ed. 13, which follows, agrees nearly with our
shell, and we make no scruple of considering them as the
same :—‘* Like M. Cygneus, but the shell is much larger,
being eight inches broad and four and half long, less con-
vex *, greenish, with obscure green rays, and the margin is
yellowish brown.” In the copy of Schroeter at Sir Joseph
* This is the only part of the description which differs from our shell, which
is more convex than M. Cygneus.
VOL. I. dD
34:
Banks’s, the figure is larger than ours, but does not look too
large in comparison to it: mine is measured by the edge of
the shell, and is therefore accurate; but for something of a
deception, not readily accounted for, it looks smaller than
the real shell. There are in Schroeter’s figure a few longi-
tudinal stripes, which appear by the description to be too
strong*. My kind friend, the Rev. Charles Sutton, A. M.
of Norfolk, found it by the side of the lake in Kew Gardens
which is now filled up. I have found smaller shells that
nearly resemble, but I do not know of any pair like it as
British.
* These stripes are common to most species of this genus.
a a te f FO ee AR a toe der
. . i
f
ak
ies bhi oe PAS vl 7) ,
ng ae he Cseiialiaes Nf!
ee 5 ees Heats 2
a
eS :
ve iy est ape ae Ener:
yd gag’:
nn
; fo Sie si
fe ae 3 Mh Gd as
if)
ae
a Oa po ene hae bik rhe Ruth
TABOO XVI.
TANTALUS Falcinellus ?
Bay Lbis.
Class 2. Aves. Order 7. Gralle.
Gen. Cuar. Beak long, subulate, roundish, sub-
arcuate. Face naked. Tongue small. Jugular
pouch naked. Feet four-toed, palmated at their
bases.
Spec. Cuar. Face black. Wings and tail dusky-
green, shining. Body dark-chesnut, mixed with
green above, beneath paler.
Syn. Tantalus Falcinellus. Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 241. 2.
Gmel. Syst.i.648. Scop. Ann.1.no. 131. Kram.
El. 350. 2. Borowsk. Nat. ui. 72. 2. Faun
Helvet. Lath. Ind. 707.
Numenius viridis. Bris. v. 326.4. Jd. 8vo. i. 293.
N. subaquilus. Klein. Av. 110. 8.
Falcinellus. Raii Syn. 103.3. Willugh. 218. t. 54.
Id. (Angl.) 295.
Le Courlis verd. Buf. viii. 29.
—— d'talie. Pl. Eni. 819.
Bay Ibis. Lath Syn. v. 113. 12. Arct. Zool. ii.
460. A. Id. Suppl. 67.
— oem ioe
Dr. Lams, who possesses this bird, and has been so good
as to lend it us to figure, has also favoured us with the fol-
lowing account. It is the only British specimen known.
“‘ Lensth 2 feet 6 inches. Breadth 3 feet 2 inches.
Weight 18 ounces. Bill 5 inches long, incurvated, of a
pale horn colour, rather darker and much thicker towards
the base. Eyes as it were in the base of the bill. Irides dark.
Face naked. Head and neck of a pale ferruginous colour,
with fine transverse bars of white below the chin. General
36
plumage on the upper parts dusky black, glossed with green
and purple. Wings and tail the same. The whole under parts
much duller, with scarcely any bronze. Thighs rather paler,
half way naked. Legs and feet long. Claws much crooked,
the inside of the middle one pectinated. Legs, feet, and
claws of a dingey black or horn colour.
<¢ This Ibis was shot, September 28, 1793, while skimming
with another over the river Thames, between Henley and
Reading, and was supposed to be a bittern. I found nothing
in his stomach but undigested plants. He had many pedi-
culi, and a vast number of other small insects about him,
which I sent to my learned friend and patron T. Marsham,
Esq. fr. 2 So7¢
That this bird was held in the highest estimation
amongst the antient Egyptians, is clearly demonstrated by
the following account given of him by one of their kings :—
Kapolay Bovacuevor: ypageiv, “Iw Cwypagevar, ro yap Cwoy
‘Epun wuelwros, maons napoias ual Aoyiopov Seomarn, ere: ual 4
"lis avro xa avrd rn xapdia corly gupepys’ meot ov Avyos sort
TAECTOS Tap Aivyurrioss PELOLEVOS.
‘Qpov “Aroaarwves Nesawou ‘Iepoyaugina. Ed. Par. 1551.
“* When they wish to signify the heart they draw an Ibis ;
for that animal is dedicated to Mercury, the sovereign of
every heart and thought ; also because the Ibis of ztself* is
very like the heart: about which much is said among the
Egyptians.”
We consider this as one of the same genus with the fa-
mous bird which the Egyptians worshipped, but not the
identical species, about which there is so much dispute.
This one is rather smaller than those preserved among the
inummies. We are doubtful whether it is the same bird
that Latham describes; for he says * pedibus czeruleis, alis
caudaque violaceis,” in his Specific Character. Lath. Ind.
Ora. 2.707.
* Or perhaps folded up into itself, that is, with its head under its wing, in
which posture /Elian says that it resembles a heart.—R.T.
; ( ‘y (LAME ety if ) . ey nn i) 4 i i a i fe i
\ His i \ an , Ny in n ry y - ini
aiden Rie, male i a ah a
He “Com at a |
na] | .
NEP
ie ‘ sethdsa ty as |
it
a aia r
ane
oe Cee
| We nn Hie
Dewey | fen a
en
sans ; a ty ue
fy i Vediet Wee Kata
W u ; mA q ‘4
; in 4
=
Pies in Mises 9 Bia ME ae
ee
et dori ove) he 3 hal |
OL, Bias) be es ‘
,
i f i
“Aree a LW ciel onl men cit rh te
5 gee awe gy PN ay
at eee iy Penn ta bean 1”
aasiivn tian a a i ich Mya ect
MoriL 12605. PrBifhel Bv Jat «
bwardy
To metare
lg
37
TAB) XVAIT.
CICINDELA hybrida.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 1. Coleoptera.
Gen. CuHar. Antenne setaceous. Palpi six, fili-
form. Jaws prominent. yes large. Thorax
rounded, marginated.
Sprc. Cuar. Purplish. Elytra with a lunulated spot
at their base, an undulated white stripe in the
middle, and a lunulated spot at the end of each.
Syn. Cicindela hybrida. Linn. Syst. ed. 13.v. 1. 1920.
Faun. Suec. 747.* Scop. Ent. carn. 183. Fab.
NO. is. 1.1985. 2. 6.
Cicindela maculata. Degeer Ins. v. 4. 115. n. 5.
i 4n 7, 8: Scehoy..clemsts43.) Tcon.t. 35.f. LO.
Bergstr. Nomencl. 1. 26. t. 4. f. 5.
Mr. L. W. Dittwyn first found the two specimens of
this new insect, one evening in May 1803, on the Crumlyn
Burrows about three miles from Swansea. One of these
specimens was accidentally lost, but my son G. B. Sowerby
had the good fortune to find another next morning. ‘These
are all that have been taken of this beautiful insect, that we
know of, in Great Britain.
Above purplish, beneath green gold. Thighs and lees
bright red gold. Elytra punctulated, the hollows green gold,
and risings purple gold. Suture and margin of the elytra
purple gold. Face yellow. Jaws black, with an undulated
‘stripe, and a lunulated spot at each end of each elytron.
Cr
pp AEF
vk ty “pena vt
ER ae 2.
Pl we
ad
a ' ;
t Ay
rey ; bce! F
y i f y
' NCA a) Mee. p a
‘ ou * A ;
ay NIE A REI i .
o Pe ee mer » 4 y
‘ ihe : ; re ‘| ‘
Cara's ane ert: +) i hed ;
“seraqted i ois 7 soos J 2 eo | r i
rh ae any
antopifaong RE Bram
Prevost: debater
a Bite) ee
Z|
jsheons
ca: sat
ati iqiod ber ‘s ;
»
ie! “ete
an ao Rr dace
ry. it wi “i a 8 oy uy ofeg oni re" x sy eyis it hs ey
Ree oh nsiegh 5, ef 2 A ae
| ish mf ae chee vat F | i
| Phas a wee
sigeeeee pepe Mews Bit he bain ‘ is" ! i ney Wh ae ‘ as a
uta! 1s eae, TAS at inary 7 Rat a 2yndet wisi ey wide
7 i, ton peat ow wrinwe, ahi sola o nite Lunde 2 TALC vant
is i ae jem Bane ed vl saab Re uth
Rest: aN LENE
ae ee sdeid) ee: tea at Us aes
‘i yes oot 24G Hail 4 aa bie eet ss)
ih Feat sor tesien fur ig monet fear mt Tiel de
mt aed silk to osaut ee pvp serie Heong
NS Lhe ft ahd ten Dai a ght a
, Hike ee
hry a ida dt
’
sul} 19 subsp rate Lotees phage
i Pr ec) En Te Pity 3 | ee -
fia kyr tai Arca i Anitels eer ,, tg) ew Shy " i phep! ales
saat Rib ‘ of alt ‘hails " rer
witetivih Gon by bob 383 th toute b ia tinal t bree: Pa ia 2
7 s i * . . ; ;
pate sh b \ 1 i
‘ Vi * i
1
‘ * -
’ 1)
; i
Kt APA y a!
' ie A, i :
1 ar) ny 1, if
J
At AD 2 iY
Pe ts
ee i i \
"at
La v y
is
i ae
1 t ins
i
ss ana ao
ahi ver AD po ier i
ay, Bi | : 5 ' ' -
" L ae ; d : n, s ; : | ‘ ‘
a / , Je ee el eda a ed LA Ae
7 , LM ’
a } Ne : ‘oll f r )
ad : , ‘ vi i y
Pte Walaa i) toh Ae wwe ee Ya bh i
bite ey 2k ‘ug
ea me pare. Vy
Pare WC Prine , | |
' eee v aif! 4 i a Ae ; } a
ye bgwagt nae fe : oa ‘
pr. i Re
er
Ty (! pe As = mi A ane” ha at Aas * ‘a Va 14
by A ;
Realy i yet har d i |
P 1
SI al, ee D ;
k tit Ip :
j F }
ay 4
1 1 Ar h as
' > ,
a) Ps r ® } VS
yl? af ,
ae
a! ni ) ; : -
A i i ,
! i se | j
fa : ie Wha | FW ¥ i
ot) ae ina nw / ha
“Cae pr 5 a ‘ Poe eae ' gels ' : Ae re qu a rl i
ZG
LiriL 2.21608. Lu
Z hed 4,
Ja Sewerhy, Lond
co
Ne)
Piuhy CTR ORCE NE,
4
APIS flavicollis,
Class 5. Insecta. Order 5. Hymenoptera,
Gen. Cuar. Proloscis broken, inflexed. Tongue
elongated, cylindrical, exserted. dnienne mid-
dling; the males have 14 joints, the females 13.
Eyes lateral, suboval, entire. Wings plain. Sting
pungent, hidden.
Spec. Cuar. Hairy, black. Front of the thorax and
scutellum pale yellow. Abdomen, all but the
first joint, red, Anus black.
Very few species of bees were described in Great Britain
until that indefatigable and most excellent inquirer into all
subjects of Entomology, the Rev. W. Kirby, F. L.S., pub-
lished his Monographia Apum Anglie, in which more
than 220 species are noticed, of which 200 at least had not
been before described as English. We now add another by
the help of Mr. Jonathan Salt, of Sheffield. [tis remarkable
chiefly on account of the thorax being yellow,
: esooaiorged, s wha piasadl .aanloe <2 Pe,
a | piper 2 er
“it 4 eee ee
‘ A “th tl bo oynre i rg ess Lappe, teh cys AY | 3 Swe i> Pp turieh
VPLS oye Se AIR SLTE ght Ad Leesan yun a FAT wry a ur
Baie vel nihe =
Pe ! 4 3 hi say
agai perme’ bore satin bron bebe cbonegitol, 2 aro ey
FI ¥ Sa * - hace -
rt BS a i ee ye ; ¥ pe
105, J 20. Betts i ae se tog Wi Bea CE GQ. S81 oly ia nif ek or
mts: 7 "hy = 4 »
. See Pal)
motel yr
3 og rsa ¥
“* an Ss j ,
y i de
on ABMO | aaae
he | Bias %
bere xara? oh Bi) ‘opeee'h f
‘ agi HG
of3 tud Lis: pee sy: of dwolisy: 6! “ay resffosiy: =
4 Pa roee “~
ae ale Che tiated OE” 91 {TOROF Feat :
oi whl a aes ‘5
é .
sf a hist:
Mate) orci wat ipa, Augatl: tum Hou Hire ol
2 agreed 4 t (hui MF oH: itt
swt doin at? eh hi, sity hs
tou, bad tangb i. 908 didi Yo booit
ia 19 Thor Me hha wort’ a wy Gaon ei
ad ¢
: *
stlaveectrat 2th ‘Buia
Py . je
te ‘eels letsind zed oli
:
,
' ,
| 5 \ ; * vr i a A y
_ By ate or he ee veeey ol rn avs
MBAS M AU AaEI
oy ee BT a Ore ae
FSi gical aA | Teen an fy i Ut
‘ee Ethiadtas PEE Henn Mie, eh UheeN jou
Se aa pet jut sete? ARR Mrtat tent HA ea)
| wig pate ty eRe he: OF CG, He Re OE eed, OO
be bel is i - De; i Waite part” athe
hap iugh Rene. ier oy dv oe Manny Ee | 7: i
| Chegege hi. a wa gh. roa ie Hie 8 ih cid Ws | me
>:
Pare
he
Pies Nt
: Sasi it ei : ' cs
seit , 4s ck,
here . a ’ ve
> ae Sa
es
4
Ot Eye ays
As x! mit WL wn ae ‘Veo 'vs -
nig? (sen ewe d
- patiilad A Pe a Cuan eafgh ae
i i .
= set Sah ald ay
; , 10 a } oo i :
ta eae AD ai Ms di Sparc vty > anh Sm he 4 4 i
ine hee * ye paneen Wied 5 Oak)! (gary tae . ; =
aay Cn el aa yinene neded Ga Sih ag 2) iis
neneeny 1 hl haan Way ik oa
Hi at
20
Apri it60s. Pubijhed by Jat Sowerby, Londen
Al
WAL BE xX?
PHALANGIUM Diadema.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 7. Aptera.
Gen. Cuar. Palpi two, filiform. Jaws horny, second
joint armed with an acute cheliferous tooth. -4n-
tenneé none. yes two on the crown and two
at the sides. feelers filiform. Legs eight. 4b-
domen generally rounded.
Spec. Coar. Thorax with an elevated spinous tu-
bercle on the back, and an eye on each side of it.
Palpi large, first joint spinous.
Syn. Phalangium Diadema. Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 13.
v. 1. 2944, Fabr. Sp. Ins. i. 548.n. 5. Mant.
Inst. i. 347. n. 5. Stroem. Aci. Hafn. 9. 583.
t.6. Mull. Zool. Dan. Prodr, Add. 280. n. 192.
Every thing created has some attraction for the inquiring
mind; even the spider tribe, often most abhorred, and con-
sidered as noxious, has occasionally some beauties.
The present animal, nearly allied to the spider, might be
shunned as hideous, and may perhaps for that reason have
been unexamined. Even the Diadem does not remove its
grim appearance, although it adds greatly to its oddity. It
has however been recognised abroad, but not in Great
Britain, as far as we know, until my eldest son, James
Sowerby, found it on oak-trees in Hainault forest in 1802,
and G. B. Sowerby in 1803 in South Wales, on dripping
rocks at a water-fall called Usgoed-Eynon-Garn.
VOL, I. E
Vy .
“
'
P . =
r i oe os . -
- Po .> ¥ a a
7 ad a 24 = =
; oY \ z ps ‘ “
“ = ¥
. ‘ ‘
- :
, i S * if fs ’
r : 7
. =
; : = .
. . . -
: =
¢
. :
= .
a t ‘ . o : . z
ates Ie yest
x
ro. *
i
‘ . 4 )
it! e
Le
74 Pas
A }
oe
; 4 fy
Pin evs
f '
:
«
s b
. oad
'
‘ ‘ 4
ot
j } i ¥
A q ely
‘] ’. *p ay
A ?
.
4
May L.1b25. Pubtisfhed 2;
A3
PABY OT:
ANAS Nyroca.
Olive-tufted Duck.
Class 2. Aves. Order Anseres.
Gen. CHar. Beak with lamellar teeth, convex,
obtuse. Tongue ciliated, obtuse.
Spec. CuHar. Blackish olivaceous. Head, throat,
breast, and flanks chesnut. Belly whitish. Rump
black. Vent snowy.
Syn. Anas Nyraca. Guldenstcedt Nov. Comment.
Petrop. xiv. 1. 403.
Anas Nyroca. Gmel. 1. 542. Turi. 1. 332.
Tuis bird, by Dr. Latham, has been thought a variety of
the Tufted Duck, Anas fuligala; but he appears not to have
seen it. The bill seems partly to warrant his opinion; but
if any thing is to be depended on in the plumage, we must
consider it a different species. It was sent from Yarmouth
_by our friend D, Turner, Esq.
a .
.
Wi i t shy. vi
5
‘ , f A
4
5 bn .
‘
\ j
4
a i F b
is
1) A,
i
5 4
: 1 1
’ ty -
‘
‘ d
. .
~
’
Ba) :
if ta f
Ay
le f \
,
i
ue F ’
‘e / ‘
i
/
i
mI
U » bi ml
‘ teen
Shiv 4
‘ i a
yo! »
; es ¢
. 8
vb
- ’
ie :
}
’
xj
- 1 \
1 f \ f
Ri ay
j
‘ wing
i ‘
( i '
if 4 /
« f
‘ y j
i
J ‘ i
. ’
i
uy
i j
i
t ‘
i a
i
i * ‘ 3
7 # +
t 3 KOA 1
prey So! a cag §s
facials, fit
one Aa ee
t ‘a o4 as!
Aw
hha se
‘aa pene ape se a
4) SSae
Fae ee
odin ae one,
¥
‘
See hs cout PD bara wea gd ql
1 a ‘ ea
2 i
+ fn } oy "al
i ce
Zz , “ . , *
: 1 ) . i - ¥ 8 4
: ;
‘ ; :
' y
i be J '
7 ’
- ;
1
t
‘ ‘
H ‘i
, i ‘
7 ¥
‘i ‘ : t. '
- i ;
: y
J i r , fi
{ ot act hi
Nias baa a aan
28) ie aye ‘eRe
Wyatan
4 4x8 Reine
'* WAR ‘cule Ue
Ee ate
i mae ei a0 i ae Mim ris
a e
GUM AB ie UT
Pa Ly
te
aan
. ) tf
'
vip
maths
6 Le
i
hig
oe"
Av ha
) ‘
a?
an
TA B. XXII.
ZEUS = Opah.
Opah, or King-fish.
Class 4. Pisces. Order 3. Tnoracici.
Gen. Cuar. Body very deep, compressed sideways,
consisting of seven branchiostegious rays.
Generally with very long filaments from the
first dorsal fin.
Spec. Cuar. Tail bifurcate, red, dorsal finl. anal fin 1.
Fins red. Back green. Sides pale red, with silvery
and golden spots.
Syn. Opah, or King-fish. Phil. Trans. Abr. xi. 879.
t. 5. Penn. Brit. Zool. 3. 223:
Zeus cauda bifurca, colore argenteo purpureo splen-
dens. Strom. Sondmor. 323. 325. t. 1.f. 20.
——— EE
‘
We know of no coloured figure of this most singular and
beautiful fish, which seems only an inhabitant, and avery
rare one too, of our seas; so strikingly beautiful are its lustre
and colours that all are amazed with its splendour at first
sight.
The fishermen who are so lucky as to procure these fish,
have always made a show of them. { ' f
mre | La }
j . IRDA :
{ i”
:
i ia <7
; ee @Ene
. 7 . 1
| - ; .
Cts : } é rofs eles hee on * Ps
5 a OR Sti A AST: LD SSNS y
; oun ‘
Ne ’ f ' 4
\ ; p a“
’ .
j r ‘ : - : : f
; ’ % - ‘
. i . ‘
4 - i
j : y 2
‘ + '
Mi < Ps rc
' . -
i 7 7 a. .
f F : : v j a,
:
E 7
4 ’ ' 7
; ,
- , , a ‘
: a) ae 2 ,
5 hy
i i #4 . , ar ‘i Me
F a fi ; ji ' ‘ M .
Ss : / f
Fav RAV.
CUA N TE halts
preowitee *
eoaer f parm file da ee 4 ee re
yi! A ao eA! Fatbe ways, Teas ch Ciara a
leh) LP " 1 raat: ?
eh Sirdar til, TMT ARG
Cae,
ry ai paPcnd ‘ i
Wisc, “ |
ter Fi ’ i hips ‘ y ei w aay heehace | )
Salus Mie Bs ‘ n
Plivews Pty K
oo peal niin
revliet, ORM a
Hey Meare :
4 cdbeeten a bg fis aiy' a HY fo BS tee
Bt? an Capea Br nig Ta Mindy (hy tincel. Moe LOM oe Hhdae
| Xap ih add hp, i ai Sega wre ie fe URRY AS A
ev ne on a ‘ay, eel td. : on, ae
Pagar Ae oe a ‘ bias
a ‘
; ae ee, Oe a: | Au+ Tye ete
i, ee aay! ts By Parad Pah: ou a ER RGRND Mente?
~ =r Ate ee) pine ite ays ..
bane
reblog, sisal #
| eR ee in 7 nit og pee
ABE SD yaa bik, a sodannel social ied
. | | a eS a ite a
<—aenimtitt . tp
afd get, eH. 9 OP ag ona se donde et casinioaga an T.
boujsoo OO! CR ak 9392 4p i ; ytoTodM A Jo coitzallos 1
volta euerioy cf ott a Ce ioe, 's S12 sohadiD aM eno ii.
Inoitaahe oth at haa eeseibt Toul to atoomolHl ots Jo mart
‘he ie etek ARR HE bho ted} at hadinzesl natives
A bi vienteibt bes 9 boodtimoditgisa
Paes \
(1 2805. Publygned By
Tati SowerBy, Lenders.
&
59
ABS AEX.
PHALANA N. /*rifera.
Yorkshire burnished Brass Moth.
Class 7. Insecta. Order 3. Lepidoptera.
Spec. CHar. Crested, anterior wings dark brown,
with a large brassy spot near the apex.
Syn. Noctua Bracteina. Prod. Lepidopt. Brit. 16.
no. 103.
Tuts Insect has long been known to the English Aurelians
by the name of the Yorkshire burnished Brass Moth, but
does not appear to have been hitherto described, in conse-
quence of its having been always mistaken for P. Bractea,
figured in the preceding Plate.
i
ne
’
4
i
\
\
i
‘-
{
' 4
Av
'
1
1
1
‘
4
‘
‘
‘
eed: a, aD Me Ie La >
Ra te ; ib Meats rep. ry ay hood ahi ll aii tg oomniup
0 ’
i
f 7 7 '
) 1 . aan
: 1 ; "i ,
. Se ut {, 1,
b ‘ i) ns hie
r iy 7
' t Ve
i ante a
i Chay 8 v
EY ets
aa v
ri aed
; ’ '
ba r
' \ P
f mY
4 i
pi ee
sf
' ‘
: - i -
Hq i
3s ’
~ ’ Tite
sf ‘ Pay,
Dt ‘ s
af be
ar yi dante AMAA Ha ren
. ;
“tote! 4h id attra FiLLoTE, eae
ahaa af : hina? ; " 7
ke 8: aire) anoeal Patt
Yen’ = ? 4
R vie ‘
Joe Nes 2 ray panes ~
? qwoatd 9% ate =) Cn is
heeaaies aie eM 0d,
j x0 y
OL wad aajabis Me
k Pity i
ae ii
( ee Ais i yee? | »
¥ ee Ph Ths): OG ¥ Recs ? ° yee! ert ‘ ’ 7%.
= i ? z, Baa anl pe eran: en), ag
UND) ul ek Ae NC De PAA aint aa om
BOLEYN eG PM Oe POE £ cost : ane sree Tar area a 4
i tg
met Hy
sar f b
.
y
~
ee ee
4 b hf 9)
ago e 7 a, Math Tene aha i cf 2p! hy at eer aay hy ty i bora
f
rae
+
‘
ee
4
x .
oe 2 ee
al :
\ oh : if (
‘
- ae U
: j
arn
~
my ‘
1
- >| E
{ Pa
_ ‘ fe f f
“s ’
te
F3 ~
‘ i i
i a
5 '
\ ; }
*%
- |
a ; i
j
\
f \ f ;
‘; ,
‘ :
S - - ‘
; ;
, *
i {
’ i ) i
i ,
‘
|
i
‘ s
} ar
3 iy Mt
y ‘i bx boy \
; ae { iN
‘
‘ , j
i i i
i }
i bs
| i f '
s, ya Y
a i
4 4
Be ta Noe ee
‘ f
Sh a la Ay a pes ; ; : i f ; ; ne ta
i eae gy A Ab ee TL iges? bie i, ; a rena VAN
fie. e . Ph yay D ans
, i Be ii = ; od he # Cy ta . s " ; ;
al ' = ay : ‘ig i iL
i bg 7 : ips a ’ el Yen es i? f “ay siasade ied eau ry i ‘ual
7 he . ru (OM
; ; r : incl
tant (en Pade: (OUR bles, Lasteee) ig he hae
os ee "A, Fr \ uf Re
a at ey Piha rr ty? “ed Bika uty Ad chee \ ; Te Pena ¥ 4
ie Ai veer ann, Rad
Spucnaly, Nd seein?
we His, Teo Oem OY al ae
Bie ih
et a one ghee Ae ip
a
ee bai 5 a
Pel lay) SRA Aen vec ysit Pig? a Ss ys
ee ath CEG or dae Uae a meee ere
chip ite : > ; js ae
wre te ees
Pad Loe u : mf fae ; a ‘ } Fad
: wexsayt ‘ ales tye SES Brete ie ews itis wEgaraiee, & ear
he rs "ek! bbs i ae
; w., aes Alea | Sk ee (a1 ee ae | ry
A’ . i ‘ “
‘ke eae Ni NOES here Wale el Peg o> gees tip: ev vi
Lf , 7 id 2 < 4
sabes Ving ©. a yp “oe “Ae iy ¢ a a : j v, ae ns 248 hit Ae .
i rie ice ‘ . A J
ee wee Mat )) ie eepiaee + eae ons hea i
?
pi Wh xiv sei tab hih Aid hod RT aide
we nel oy a bah a ated oF, Gunes,
hy rhs elm a ae Pat VEEL » tr
y i b i
sree. i! , th Hang
| h " ore sis nh wi
“er
3O
Aug? 2.2805. Pubithad by Jaf Sowerby, Londons ~
O14
TAB KX.
NER EIS lamelligera,
Class 6. Vermes. Order 2. Mollusca.
Gen. CHar. Body creeping, long. Lateral pe-
duncles pencilled. Tentacula simple, rarely
none. yes two or four, rarely none.
Spec. CHAR. Round, attenuated at both ends. Pro-
boscis stellated, with four fleshy points. Pe-
duncles compressed, above furnished with a
semi-lunate scale, beneath with a larger semi-
cordate one.
Syn. Nereis lamelligera. Gmel. Syst. Nat. v. 1. 3120,
Narure, ever bountiful beyond our expectations, often
surprises us with her wonders ; and for some wise end now
and then adopts forms different from what are familiar to
us. It often happens that we are not able to conjecture
her aim, though we cannot suppose any other than that
of real excellence. ‘In this instance she affords us a very
distinct criterion of the species; and it often happens
that construction may be particularly useful to assist
our discernment; and, if for no other purpose, may be pro-
vidential where it shows us a difference between the useful
and the noxious. We are not yet acquainted with any uses
among the Nereises, therefore can at present only mention
the appendages to which we allude as a means of specific
difference. We know of no great difference in the construc-
tion of the other parts from the other Nereises. It it found
two feet long on other coasts.
cet? aa !
nee Ne Fe tng!
em in aa! Tia tay a) Jie
ca tity far ane
? if area) ee ie
PRAT Las ee Ae Mae: i Kt
‘ Ae bh eee. er ie ole
ae |
ar te ue ak fe ren
Ue are | i th he Tes Lele S
’
Pesan:
jaenls: aie eae
fg er ae. vo, "
ube vo : Dd
Lira Tei He,
rg
i ith ah
if i bs bosib
ria
my ne oR CAA. x
: ‘
mee os
he
ie sh Ee at HT EPag i mip ‘
i hy aA | Miele div ou, ple its ithe)
y al ‘rt ihe? Woke we, Aca ih Ne 9 4 See whi
i | > i weg’ a al Me " WAS is Gi we bb y ear, ve
if Us aa
nee f bier ieee i ie os ve Sale iy My, mi f ig
os anicrie vt
VER He
Wha it ema wh
wl rey eo NA ied
Tpssiiers ry wit wal Raenaterl
¥ tial with
i
_Augt 2.1805. Pubithed ty Ja! Sowerby, Lerdow, ~
63
PT Asbo NXE
SERPULA triquetrai
Class 6. Vermes. Order 3. Testacea.
Gen. CuHar. Animal a terebella. Shell univalve;
tubular, generally adhering to other substances ;
often separated internally by divisions at uncertain
distances. —Turt.
Spec. CHar. Shell creeping, flexuous, triangular.
Syn. Serpula triquetra. Turt. Linn. v. 4. 603.
Tuose who find recreation in admiring the works of
Nature are seldom at a loss for amusement, and the most
common circumstances of our lives bring into our way
something or other to excite curiosity. The present little
animal was observed fixed to an oyster shell, occasionally
protruding itself from its own curious shell. I put it into
some salt and water and preserved it some hours, and oc-
casionally watched its motions ; which being somewhat
slow, gave me an opportunity to examine it more tho-
roughly, and I was in hopes of seeing it work. The in-
strument like a proboscis with a bell-shaped end, which is
but seldom exposed, seemed adapted for assisting in making
the case: this however is only conjecture, as we could not
comprehend any thing like the certain use of it. At length
64,
the animal became enfeebled and nearly dead, with this
instrument extended. I therefore put a piece of paper
gently under it, and took it from the water, and dried it
with this organ in good preservation. The other parts were
also in great perfection; and as I did not know such another
opportunity would offer, the sketch was finished at the
time. The feelers put us in mind of the nectariferous rays
in a Passiflora.
uit
iy Ae
si diaists te
M it) i vk i i, v
dhe fal ty
%
4
al
: mA
if
‘ee
A
Ve
as
oe
GE:
rs
‘ q *
o 4
i
i
raha
. 5
| heer ane ity: | pie Lint
a ee roe Migen ai: ah AA cs tah . . a
iu Ne ule hi hens ra : ‘
ft
i a Be bt eal 4 ;
bi i
Mey:
i
‘ as
4 it
4 ira
x tw
, »
i]
< s et
‘ ' 2
ce -
Pema iad
- - -
:
ie gw
be ae ce
Berea es ee ae
: ie A}! ag tl ws Wy J wy aw | A
ne ay ad " ‘a ae | ihe ee Bae aT
—
- ieee roan ig I, nr
ute
.
lates rat PO ee anna?
ee ae Nieohcuecemcsirens alk
‘et gem Romer Mine eens i
ye ‘ ras ; Wet ;
ac a
4°
nL te
d '
es
ae
4 he)
CA ea A
BL
ZLendont
Jal Sowerdy,
ay
Adug® 2 0§. LubTithe Tt
A B. NEN EI
CARDIUM spinosum.
Class 6. Vermes. Order 3. Testacea.
Gen. Cuar. Animal a Tethys. Shell bivalve, nearly
equilateral, equivalve; generally convex, longitudi-
nally ribbed, striated or grooved, with a toothed
margin: hinge with 2 teeth near the beak and a
large remote lateral one on each side, each lock-
ing into the opposite.—Turt.
Spec. CHar. Tender, obliquely sub-cordate, one
side truncate, with 20 prominent ridges, armed
with long, sharp, flat spines.
Tus very neat, elegant, and curious Cockle seems, by
some mistake, to have escaped the vigilance of most authors,
as it does not agree with either the Cardiwm echinatum or
C. aculeatum.
Our shell is not often found, but among many shells and
fragments from Torbay on the Devonshire coast, I met
with only one perfect valve*. It nearest resembles the
C. aculeatum as to the general contour; but is always a
more delicate and tender shell; the truncation is more
abrupt, and forms a right angle with the line of the hinge.
* Mr. Humphrey supplied me with the specimen figured from the same
coast. Col. Montague informs me that he has found them on the Devons
shire coast.
VOR ls H
66
The spines are more truly aculeate, or like the prickle on a
rose-stalk, somewhat flattened longitudinally with the shell,
seldom contrary, as in the other shells. The larger spines have
a canal or narrow furrow; in the other species they are
often dilated, especially at the narrow side. The spines
on the narrow side are all curved towards the hinge, and on
the broadest side they are curved from the hinge.
We are confirmed in our opinion of its being a species,
by seeing fine specimens in Lady Wilson’s cabinet, and a
large one which Dr. Grey was so good as to show us at the
British Museum. The latter is at present without a name,
and is as large as C. aculeatum is commonly found*; other-
wise the spines near the hinge of C. aculeatum might lead
us to think them the same species.
* Above twice the size of the Figure, with all the spines flat.
be ar A Chast Hiei) knee ‘Weems ye
ae 4 Ai. SOR a Te Re a
a} 3 uw Yee Coyit ¢, Pian Rie We VA ne hwy, ni
meee a aie oinat it sin! tie. aa ope ite
hes Be ed oe a 104 ful,
| a ie pea:
hai aid Naudia
ee We eas i.e vr (ool
co eps ashy, «i
rT ephemera ee
Oiny >A PTO. 4 ‘poli
s)alehantiero th
ae iret ac ACA yi. Poadihe OF
ean OF geet, Nines. vue whe:
Py S Witstey.: Teil angie, bide,
a MG yo) een
“phar sigpeud Albena. Nectalibuwe weryay ie: Tinngein’ af tint
Mints. Pore sey, rai onan snarti
| Deohgi ie sf tae" Wie ca
ay “rig Sha ty ‘ + ih ‘4
+ hemina” hone tks finlh a dong, yes tN: ai
33
67
TAB. XXXII.
Fig. 1—AMMOPHILA hirsuta.
Hairy Sandwasp.
Class 6. Insecta. Order 5. Hymenoptera.
Gen. CHar. Rostrum conical, inflexed, concealing
a bifid toncue. Antenne filiform in both sexes,
joints about 14. Eyes oval. Wings plane. Sting
concealed in the abdomen.
Spec. CHar. Antenne of 13 joints. Petiole of the
abdomen short, of 1 joint. Wings equal in,
length to the body.
Syn. Ammophila hirsuta. Linn. Trans. 4. 206.
Heap large, punctulated, black, villose. Maxillze the length
of the head, very menacing. Thorax and breast villose.
Squame black. Wings the length of the body, subhyaline ;
apex black; veins ferruginous; marginal spot fuscous.
Abdomen black, lanceolato-ovate; petiole short, villose ;
second, third, and base of the fourth segments reddish
brown. Hind legs half as long again as the abdomen.
Tarsi very rough with bristles.
Fig. 2—AMMOPHILA pulvillata.
Spec. Cuar. Antenne of 14 joints. Petiole of the
abdomen of 2 segments. Wings shorter than
the body. Pulvilli elongated, bifid.
rR
Treav black, villose. Antenne nearly the length of the
thorax, Front plane, beneath the antenne, covered with
68
dense, decumbent, very bright, shining, silvery hairs.
Thorax narrow, subvillose, on each side of the breast a
bright silvery spot. Squamz black. Wings subhyaline;
apex obscure; nerves ferruginous, about half the length of
the abdomen. Abdomen clavate ; first segment filiform,
black ; second segment filiform, reddish; third and fourth
reddish, apex of the fourth black; the other segments black
with a blue glare. Feet rough with short bristles. Pulvilli
elongated, bifid.
The two species above described were taken at Reading in
Berkshire, and communicated to us by our friend Mr.
James Murray.
Ammophila pulvillata agrees in many characters with
A. argentea of the Rev. W. Kirby’s ingenious paper in the
4th vol. of Linn. Trans. p. 208 ; but its having two segments
to the petiole of the abdomen is understood to be a sufficient
specific difference, as well as the remarkable length of the
pulvilli, and some difference in the general appearance. The
uses of these insects, as far as we know, accord with those
of many others of the Hymenopterous order. They are
found to be great enemies to the caterpillars, which, but
for these and other means which nature provides, might be
more mischievous than they are; and we may one day find
out, by knowing the different species, those which are
most useful, so as to make ample amends for the trouble
of investigation. The great Ray and Mr. Curtis have had
opportunities of detecting them in the act of contriving the
preservation of their future progeny. They cause the de-
struction of caterpillars much larger than themselves, by
preparing, at a certain season, a hole in a generally sandy
sunny bank, and dragging the caterpillar into the hole,
having deposited their egg or eggs in the body of it, that
when the egg is hatched there may be a supply of food for
the larva, after which they close up the hole, thus burying
them alive as food for their progeny.
’ rh by
1 teas RN AR | gates on
oe eh be sre et ey yy ted)
. iy 7 ye y u } r
# a i
‘ e re nh: 5
’ a Lore a iy ip 1 1
Pe AR tus
‘ale aes A
Pe yaar
{
ny ie i
ke
Te :%
bya
-
,
ni
» i
Me’
i
Aug? ZZBCS5, Pubijfhed Ze Jal Sowerby Zondon,
69
TA By MXXIV.
SCARABUS ovalis.
Class 7. Insecta. Order 1. Coleoptera.
Div. 1. Terrestres, Scutellati.
GEN. CHAR. Antenne clavate, ava fissile.
Front feet often dentated.
Spec. CHar. Oval, black. Legs pitch-coloured,
short, thick, dentated. Elytra sulcated.
Aone other new British Insects which my son found in
South Wales is this little Scarabzus from the sandhills, or
burrows, called Skitty burrows, near Swansea. It is not re-
markable for its beauty ; but any subject in Natural History
may be so for its locality, and in such case may be found
useful, not merely as regarding itself, but the nature of the
climate, soil, and other circumstances. We do not know
of any place besides in Great Britain where it has been
found, except at Christchurch, by the Rev. W. Bingley.
he ee
Je eral. Mi Dah ail) ye & Hosa ae Jo Jypate bncict
WEEE A AT roe a
‘avo auth & AH A 38 ;
; }
oo “4
alia: fod if ay Weanal “Real ae i
“Dallsinee eon t Ta AY :
= rs 5 ; : ‘ Bs
iteert feulstiges. pravala Seeks: "anh biieeth. h
if 4) “bosstirab nile soak saor'd
boriroboo.tavier? ‘ena. Aoel f vO aan 08ae:
Hotwuliia fen both inob. aq cro r
Di Sepia fa
F : i ee aay 7 ek ee
sit Bagot gida agent did i alooin Pi} eisineh v wa socio anomdt:.
4. .altietbatne deft el Suadgcle 458 olnil aicdd ai aan WF Hog
“ot diet al 1L! Segoaeys + aE aerorud yi ile balls avorind
votercl int Cie fila que ts tad gn ea aii tol sidadveae
href ad Ysiet 9284 | gue al bor ttt iaaok ali 1b Ge och yaeete’ | |
ofb lo siainen gee 108 dai gaibisgst 28 onsite foc _giloass
woith Joe Ob BME Maponialenotin swilto bas slioa its seni)
wad enh i 9 ada BIEL Jao) i epbinadh aly yas to :
eee een in
¥ Sas nail ler ah oy iy « ae aK Vis. BK,
4 Me Ps Y Pacem: rvs . ae
ramet Ankh saa ie iy
ae i
y i ape wa
Bore Py. Fit y hi A
sae ae) ula a ; 7 , a
3S
71
TAB. XXX.
Fig. 1—SCARABUS spiniger.
Spec. Cuar. Black. Thorax with an impressed
spot on each side, hind thighs bidentated,
Syn. Sc. spiniger. Marsham’s Coleopt. 21.
Sraxk of the antenne pitch-coloured. Capitulum blackish.
Thorax obscure, excavato-punctated on each side, with a
larger impressed spot; hind part of the thorax with an in-
termediate line, about half way composed of excavated spots.
Scutellum longitudinally subdepressed in the middle.
Elytra obscure, striated, striae subpunctated. Hind thighs
armed with two teeth, of which the exterior is largest, and
the interior is a continuation of the appendage at the base
of the thigh. Fore thighs, which 1s very singular in this
genus, are three-sided and seven-toothed, third tooth upright.
—Marsham.
Fig. 2.—S. foveatus. Marsh. Coleopt. 21.
Spec. CHAR. Black. Elytra sulcated. Thorax with
two excavated spots on each side. Scutellum
violaceous.
ee
Very like the preceding; but the thorax has four excavated
spots: the disc slightly and the sides strongly punctulated.
Scutellum violaceous. Margin of thorax and elytra atro-
cerulescent. Hind thighs furnished with 1 or 2 teeth.
Fore feet sexdentate. Tarsi pitch-coloured—Marsham.
Our figure is from a specimen in the cabinet of A. Mae
Leay, Esq.
rd
aalegetty baht ie pice Tai) an ‘on ia . sssado avi’ ma)
F a es ; 7 ‘ ‘
or ern ay ie VEER 160 me i
Wuhic qa ‘ay t Te HAE 7 aid ry ia,
; 0G -" o meminmmetinimoe nN 7 Pas bs , S a cK ;
fpoaas yun cre? driv pe tse ‘intl eer |
sbote pavesEai qa eee brid jab bit, iilies to, 30422. i‘
£2: rd saute “al ; ee 98 mtd
: te n fy 7 \ Tae Raa , bo ee né
ad f i tec. im ‘ wad a 7
ikadd oui Mitiin ob -Daiieiins - detiq. muatkeaiaas eae to: ei
‘
nm dtiw =i) ES i any ho Mot ea wobsebo oe emiaaada atad'T ©
=f ath ‘dike xu hype Ds lied: bath :toqee es Saye caer’
i iat nti a deyonil siniemrisy | /
-2foge lutevs sas tate
Mbbitae sl Ge: Niki pyale suits ieee ‘agtlat uae
bis ibeaint ri) ites Br sil We teh .ci}99). owl ies, Beerrte| pani
greed wf) a % A “Matta ae Lane vite Biswas at +6 oN Aol fasts ry ols, r
ary ew aah ee hay \ * ; i ‘ oe. : } oN
, aegle 4 an Leatiel “iret an 7 atqantt mat =H foilh arty ‘lo f a
?
dere dicot levied silos fe reay se hie bobia ait we 2eaag
sa ? Pot eae ee alee
ry rah rhe a
‘ ian os ’ |
bc aad 4
et ere eater \ a is HN |
‘it a 7
ce) ea d
‘ ,
, n q
‘ > s
.
- —
, :
'
Lie
> ‘aehct
1 a
- '
y q
1 LAM g
. ) i
74 ‘hb
eae
NM wt ¥e
arial ant Th King Wye us cole, > |
’
€ # wy
iar he
, a Win
i
,
is
Dtedinih: 2c 10s tote
AA i f x ; : ‘ , : es 4
386
_dug* 1,1805, Published $b « Sewerby Londen.
13
TA Be RN VT.
CARABUS rotundicollis.
Class 6. Insecta. Order 1. Coleoptera.
Spec. Cuar. Head and thorax bright green gold.
Elytra pale brown with a large black spot at the
end.
Tus pretty insect was found on Crumlyn bog, by
Mr. Joseph Woods, F. L. S., whom my son accompanied
in a little excursion to South Wales, in 1803.
Base of the antenne brown, end black. Head, thorax,
and abdomen blue green gold. Elytra, sternum, and legs
brown. Apex of the thighs and base of the elytra black.
Ces he fo Bis! ae
t t
Hs oN ms HeGieghS eae Py Are del 0 iS
ee dilagy tecaay ihre see oil bru heal Lae ass .
she ne - + iy wae th io vi 5 Sito F ae Re} Ra eryh
o a. i‘ oe 4 BONE: i:
me es , EDs sees ete ; , Te ry ote
7} wh ead agin) no ‘Bastoh aber “$95 Bitte ‘feng ans Tod
WK Ly ey, ee
Nat as | ‘itis ” 1094, iho Wii noid ie a thea W dijoaot! VR,
ad SoA age Pr ‘ Sem
r, Ms SB tangy i la to Mile te g cri 19 Ae Pare od rendetirats: test a ane
y I 2 r oe eee f / ; mh
ae eric. inahio: whoa hes word sonsian aff ter auagk “s
’ if Np ' 5 ’ a ¥
Bel’ be) taol bol nari! D Ailey, adorns id natmobds, ban!)
ae me sity ing 3 -
; i eas Rah Re 2d Doe efor’ afb ta oq a saa
pan
aoe y t
it i
vary
i” +
Th
a SPOR he.
att * ina 2 by ’
o Cone
ny P pit
i
Rated
aod we fl al i ii
7 Glee) be ie
thy: ey “ame i)
by ag! Be
dug EZ 2605. Lub ifhed 2y Jas Sowerdy, Lender:
36,
79
TAB. XXXVI.
PHALAENA BB. oleagina.
Spec. CHAR. Crested. Antennz pectinated. Upper
wings above variegated, with dark brown, lighter
brown, and white; nerves yellow green, a
white spot near the middle of each wing, and
an obscure whitish ring, with a lightish blot
below it, nearer the shoulders. Lower wing light
brown, margin dark brown. Wings dentate be-
neath, light brown, margin brown, a black spot
in the middle of the lower wing.
"Tuts new British Moth was bred by Mr. Plasted of Chelsea,
who does not remember where he took the caterpillar. It
very much resembles P. N. Persicarie; but the antenne
being feathered help to distinguish it.
Be Ki it
sitt wate sal. i
al,
Mirae: is wl “ba” ¥
% on wre
Tee soa
10, G } 4 fan of
Dek. am eg dons | Oui ate
"gold dettrigil. si dite’ ant) detalii asus
pat Hail yore “tararou! aroblu att ia ifvexsom gi Weck
Mead dicttiab * aon! .nwoxd Aish opgteon one
wT tage aMoBks x efeword Goren. word tayih digers
BGs th iam oy aie bin ait to olbbits: oft fhe
he a
i ol vi t init oa 8
ue
fo
| - i
i, sisson os Label
r, |
4 i ae *
1 i]
>
i a
7 - i
: .
we
vit ? ; v
vy Ay
y i ; ‘ ! t
, .
Lo ‘
we
a aeaap ike
; te |
t/t 2A
| ' , : oe PSY A *
BNE Ay ae ih fm a ey ae
vy ~y
Tei De 4 i yy “tee ier Sas. nee fe teeters i % ss ls hi’
‘‘\ AP ray iyi Qs ed Mes g hort’ “ale isi Shea Tesch:
WA GS alps Gesiuleainy Lag Beige iv Beis anseaine hes
Wumatii ‘en LIN usin ap, 3 ii a te rae Lasky
iT eh * oN
deenanltly Ot aa ered aneatoery Wapiti."
a » J i }
7 4
ru 7 '
'
- LJ *
‘ 4
t ifeus
?
Oct, 1. 1805. Pubahed by Jat Sewerss, Lendon«
TAB. XXXVIII.
MELITTA nigro-znea.
Gen. Cuar. — Proboscis subcylindrical, extended,
Tongue short, smooth, exerted. -dnienne of a
middling length; of the females subclavate with
13 joints; of the males, filiform, of 14 joints.
Eyes lateral, suboval, entire Wings plane.
Sting pungent, hidden.— A7rby.
Spec. Cuar. Black, with fulvous pubescence. Head
and anus black. Abdomen subhirsute, nigro-
geneous.
Syn. Melitta nigro-znea. Kirly’s Monographia
Apum Anglia, v. 2. 109.
Bopy black, covered with dense fulvous down. Face
black-hirsute, beard of the Genz fulvous. Vertex bald.
Space between the eyes broad. Thorax with red down.
Squamule pitch-coloured. Wings subhyaline, nerves testa-
ceous. Costal nerve black. Anastomosis ferruginous.
Feet black, above with fuscous down; beneath also the down
is rather fulyous. Thighs with pale down. Hind thighs
with a dense fulvous scopa. Scopulze ferruginous. Ab-
domen oval, above nigro-zneous, hairy, with fulyous hairs.
Anus black.
Generally found flying about sunny banks.
it Wy - o
oh ”
on
a AY
t Vigne
seek walt, My
ee A.
isc Gas.
* Sug at if
oe
r ie |
; 1, ae AB ¥
O°) oeliararer , 0 7
i tor +! : a)
J tals ad) Atv wt ane ae ae Bae ae :
: tai bat ob ued» beso Lt \ ajosta’ eid we Cae
u ‘ "ww os ; lie Os
* / dh Bie nein Feb inti ae : yaa Bey
yo td sisrli fh sy Tig eet ut tie nett TU fee
i ’ 7 ¢% ; r ‘
=. nts uae wud
st | distil Visita annette i ie ay a
; pike: GR Te a GER Raa aie x 1 i
- % ;
7 F Pals | Bae iy mt ig La
: AY : wey
i ' - - a a € " \
’ ‘ } i) a ' i
A ' ¢ ae, nas i y ai a
7 1 J q 7 _ v te A
: : TR ee ‘o> De une
ie : 6 t > haut ve :
; in fa, iy %
: on , 5 Pe =* " 7 rl 7 bi
t i ; Whe Le i )
; ; if \ , * . EL ae
. : ta Y @3 ‘ i ’ ‘s
a 4 ks . tae ; 7 es
,, : : ' Li wT. ; ans . > rs %,
D alse / ; i Pa ye A 7
Co - i ‘ j yi es Rah Vict ae . | ne j an
‘ i ~* a Bid re a ¥ mu
? ~— Fate: i ca fa 7%
‘ap pura?
innate
Maicliaibas
on
é egies
LS hae
iat p
eg
wriey
Whare
gine Vd
peta ie
SR gate Bee
igo
bog
wy
“
Oct? 1.2805. Pub ifhed.
79
Parra x
CANCER Maja.
Class 6, Insecta, Order 7. Aptera.
Gen. Cuar. Feet eight, rarely six or ten, also two
claws. Palpi six, unequal. Eyes two, distant,
generally pedunculated, elongated, moveable.
Jaws corneous, thick. Lip triple. Tail jointed,
generally unarmed.
Spec. CHar. Thorax and two first joints of the
claws spinose. Claws small, finely serrated.
Feet eight, without spines. Covered, all but the
claws, with curved hairs.
Syn. Cancer Maja. Gmel. Syst. v. 1. 2979. Jonst.
Exsang. t. 5. f. 5.
We found this Crab on the sea-shore, near Penzance, in
June 1799, and, on inquiry, feund it kad been confounded
with C. horridus of Pennant, and I suppose from that cir-
cumstance had not been thought new to Great Britain. We
find that the Cancer Maja of Herbst is the Cancer horridus
of Pennant. The Cancer Maja in the British Museum is
the same as ours, named from Scopoli, who refers to Mat-
thiolus Dioscorides. The figure of the under side in
Johnston is yery well executed. And Gmelin has strangely
referred to that figure, which has eight legs, although he
observes of his, * pedibus sex,”
6
80
The Cancer horridus of Linneus is certainly different
from the C. horridus of Pennant. It is well figured in
Seba.
Lady Aylesford and Colonel Montague have found it on
our coasts; indeed it is not very rare. Pennant’s C. horridus,
under the above circumstances requiring a new name, might
be called C. spinosissimus. It is again remarkable that
Gmelin has made a part of his Generic Character in these
words, * cauda inermis;”’ whereas the thorax, legs and tail
of this are covered with spines. We have some idea of
figuring it; as there is not a coloured figure of it among
British authors yet; and if we figure it, we may be able to
clear up all doubts. We have it from Hartlepool by favour
of our friend the Rev. James Dalton, and we know they
have been found in Scotland. It has been doubted whether
it is a British species.
There is a specimen of our C. Maja in the museum of
Mr. Heaviside, Surgeon; under the name of C. spinosus.
Fig. 1. One of the hooked hairs magnified.
Fig. 2. A worn toe of an old Crab, natural size.-—The
callosity at the end becoming more conspicuous, parti-
cularly well observed in Seba’s figures.
ite © = DRA
« Fare ob Ale en
" vt lave iin, nutes i:
Ei inn om at
Pe space ane we, Yt we
'
GO”
Ox? 41805. Dhlijhadl By To8 Sowerby
81
TP AsB; by
GORGONIA_ viminalis ?
Slender Gorgonia.
Class 6. Vermes. Order 4. Zoophyta.
Gen. Cuar. Animal growing in the form of a plant.
Stem coriaceous, corky, woody, horny, or bony,
composed of glassy fibres, or like stone, striated,
tapering, dilated at the base, covered with a
vascular or cellular flesh or bark, and becoming
spongy and friable when dry. Mouths or florets
covering the surface of the stem, and polype-
bearing. Turt.
Spec. CHar. Slender, branched, florets seated all
round the stem, each with a large valve and
several smaller ones; bark yellow.
Syn. Gorgonia viminalis? Soland. and Ellis, Coral.
ef 1.
a
Tus is not rare on our coast, though it is but little known,
The first specimen I received was by favour of Mr. Batten
from Mount’s Bay in Cornwall. I have also received it
from Scotland, and Colonel Montague informs me that it
is plentiful on the Devonshire coast.
It is somewhat remarkable, that that part which we
should suppose to be the lodgment of the animal, commonly
VOL. 1. I
82
called the florets, seems formed without sufficient room or
opening for it to protrude: but we presume that, although a
Coralline, it may have the power of opening the larger
segment when fresh, which a coriaceous substance natu-
rally admits of ; so that the larger valve is a kind of door,
and is a strong characteristic of the species, although it is
sometimes much obliterated. We are not sure that this
has been figured at all, as the segment which is so re-
markable does not appear to have been noticed. It may be
worthy of observation here, that in some instances the
coriaceous substance which covers the darker branches all
round, and protrudes, as at the right hand figure, often
appears quite distinct from it, and Naturalists have called
this blacker substance by the name of Jsis. It may per-
haps be the work of a separate animal, associated, as in
these instances, with the Gorgonia.
’ 3 Wy ‘ a: ee
Let uaa A
ie i hy 7 { .
me vt i if LA .
; : Ply *, Hate Aik Ui “OF, A
cu wi one an Lo on ee Tyee
N het + ‘ ans ' A - i oe . [ 1
ae Aline ty aA ph ih thi. et) H 7; ah
i aoe : ‘ f
wa ey T
an { Py : ;
a, at tay, ten aes e > ee
COT Nat aN ies aie Nas) |
roan WT EPO gir an a Ce
. ‘ al § by Ni . : ‘i i Pe Ci |
, ae * ae Pe a, Ma a ea
q bi y “4 a” : ral mM , »
'
ws bine siti? re sii
. septic” mated Me aiboin ay, PRA eet ye ; 5 ‘
+ Diets nN \oy Spwnacat wih We no ne wie Anite | i
- athe Garktiain Vara taaaey ot hike Variety RMN abel . ar (4
; ae Piesiht Wak Rebbe pulheciny | Ary 1) call Nae) wmeiry) ‘ . me
a ‘pln he Wee Ay gern NAAN iy Aye” it" eet i
ot! Pcp Ubi eine wit nie Api, Bet) oarnymnial | ) Pom |
Sl a Me ie i ‘Ada
Gl
7
Sowerby, Lerdons
=
,
w.-
Publi pec
cl” 2. 1605.
Or
85
TAB. XLI.
MILLEPORA compressa?
Class 6. Vermes. Order 4. Zoophyta.
Gen. Cuar. Animal a Hydra. Coral, generally,
ramose, with round turbinated pores.
Spec. Cuar. Stem branched, compressed, truncated ;
pores everywhere a little prominent and rough.
Syn. Muillepora compressa? Gmel. v. 1. 3785.
Tuover there are some species of coralline, much re-
sembling this, figured in Esper and other books, yet we can
by no means identify them as this species. The description
in Gmelin of Millepora pumila would seem to accord with
it; but the figure in Marsden, to which he refers, is a very
different thing. It may therefore be considered as a species
undescribed, and now first published as British. We do not
understand that it 1s uncommon on the Scottish coast,
especially at Aberdeen. Specimens have been sent us from
North Wales by favour of the Rev. H. Davies, with some
other curious corallines which have not been before noticed
as British; We hope however to see them from other
places, that we may have more habitats for them. Perhaps
many of this curious tribe may haye been overlooked.
84
The present one is branched, divaricated, compressed,
truncated, covered all over with small prominent hollow
tubercles, arranged towards the end in lines crossing each
other obliquely, from which the animals protrude them-
selves, so as to appear quite rough; and some specimens
are covered with a shining, varnish-like appearance, as if
the animals had dried when protruded from their little
holes.
uk
4
42
viverby, London:
Oct! 1.1805. Pub bfhede by Ja! S
85
TAB. XLII.
SPONGIA compacta.
Compact Tubular Sponge.
Class 6, Vermes. Order 4. Zoophyta.
Gen. CHAR. Animal fixed, flexile, torpid, of vari-
ous forms, composed either of reticulate fibres,
or masses of small spines interwoven together,
and clothed with a gelatinous flesh full of small
mouths on its surface, by which it absorbs and
rejects water.
Spec. CHar. Tubular, ramose, composed of spi-
culz crossing one another, very compact and
brittle.
WE suspect this has been much confounded with Spongia
tomentosa (urens of Ellis): we however think it at first
sight sufficiently different. It appears more like the habi-
tation of an insect with more or less ovate tubular termina-
tions. It is much tougher and more cottony in its texture,
has sometimes a smoothish covering towards the mouth of
the apertures, which occasionally passes into extreme fine
reticulations, over the coarser reticulations on the surface.
We have found it in great plenty at Shellness, and other
parts of Sheppey Island, at different seasons; and we
86
have been favoured with it from the Rev. Hugh Davies, of
Anglesea. It is generally found attached to shells, and
other marine productions, but apparently detached from
rocks, as it is generally among the rejectamenta of the sea.
Although we think it may have some curious inhabitant,
we have not been so lucky as to detect any; nor do we
know that the inhabitants of Sponges have been detected,
unless the egg-like substances found in Spongia fluviatilis
may be such. We hope, however, that those who have
opportunity will examine into this subject, as it remains in
great doubt. Many foreign Sponges are tubular, and pro-
bably ought to be examined on the rocks on which they
are formed, to detect the animal.
“| Pte saree
-
“
; i As?
eas
i;
P;
ly ioe
ies
ic
SSS SS
=
SS
a
+
a
——
”
ott
nis
~
<4
jm
“h
Ss
ee
ik hO8. T etclvee
Ye fy, Ragl, Sat ites
A (Cami aah |
\ i b bcs
Ly a eh iy '
¥ vi bow why er Pail o2 4 A hes! Me )
e ta uh a i i alba me er
aunt Do) ea regres - ‘, é
if
¢ es
Me
a y
Wigs
' A
eg Sean Aas
7 Wot 9 ARAM as) Te
Dib
LOC? ay RRS
t uf
4 ‘ 4
scnph
ey
Mv ’ ‘,
3 .
‘
.
i
‘
2
‘
0
®
‘ '
)
;
i
}
¥
5
n
'
»
87
AUB SOL.
SPONGIA pulchella.
Spec. CHar. Composed of fine reticulations, smooth
and soft in appearance, generally compressed and
broad.
ee
I rrrsr received this sponge from Ireland, brought from
thence by Mr. Browne (who was engaged in the voyage of
discovery to New South Wales) about the year 1800; and
in 1802 I received it from North Wales by favour of the
Rev. Hugh Davies. It is extremely irregular as to shape,
although sometimes approaching to a fan shape, and some-
times rather palmate or digitate. Its fibres are delicately
reticulate. It varies in colour, somewhat like the Spongia
officinalis or common Sponge, from a palish brown to a
yellowish or reddish brown. It is however readily discerned
by its less coarse appearance. Its texture may be some-
what more rigid.
WAP
fons ee tr
Pt ag atow 9
a Ail cheat
iN oe wi ae ony wt eli WP ates ee” ath cn i fa" rive aay f ari
oo: ©
eee oh of inf ivan nak vite Tete) ee ee Sat ita
“mae Leia gtgaits nat & ag oye ‘ree so
iy a ain. woes. ath mnihgnla vs i ah
‘iene ‘a allie Mh vei easwa . vane aa
=—") ay vied aeibiay ; tient? Ce neh
fh sein weil Cree vrei 2
‘sai. a wi ann ail
c
te "gl i inl
sone neem;
tap Oo
i ‘ i
‘ 1 “4
a any
- mY)
. :
=
. © i?)
5
rey i]
i &
lh 1
yin
me
C : ¢
—
cecal nee, | cil
pede: eecige He ce Net | i
'
one ‘
te
al ’
”
'
.
a
Fs
i) ae ee |
4 VEER SI,
‘
Ld
|
4 4
wv
ran
b)
ucpuey Kgwamo ry of Ko PrfZGid P0QLT 220
“pe py
59
PAB OORT TY:
ECHINUS eidaris? var. a.
Class 6. Vermes. Order 2. Mollusca.
Gen. Cuar. Body roundish, covered with a bony
sutured crust, and generally furnished with
moveable spines. Mouth placed beneath, and
mostly five-valved.— Trt.
Spec. CHar. Hemispherical, depressed, with five
flexuous linear avenues, the spaces alternately
bifarious.— Ture.
Syn. Echinus cidaris, var. a? Gmel. v. 1. p. 3174.
Cidaris papillata major. Klein ap. Leshe Echinod.
bs 39a Gh De Cooly yey as Nhs een
Tue Ecuint are pretty well known, from their having
spines resembling those of a hedgehog, and they have been
called in common Sea Hedgehogs, Sea Urchins ; and when
destitute of the spines they are sometimes called Sea Eggs,
&c. Mr. Pennant took some pains to select the English
species for the information of his countrymen.
He, however, does not appear to have known the present
species, although he travelled in Scotland. Our friend Alex-
ander M‘Leay, Esq. who, laudably, forgoes no researches,
that his opportunities permit, to investigate the natural
history of the British Isles, obligingly communicated this
Echinus, totally new, not only to Great Britain, but differ-
ing also from any yet found elsewhere ; although, from its
general resemblance to that elegant species brought from
New Holland (with which I have been able to compare it,
by favour of Governor Paterson, who presented me with
a fine specimen from thence, with the spines quite perfect),
it might be confounded with it. It also differs from those
VOL. I. K
90
found in a fossil state, which much resemble that from
New Holland; and much discernment is requisite to di-
stinguish it from them, and which will be represented at
tab. 151. British Mineralogy, being the cast of a species
which existed probably in ante-diluvian times. Their con-
struction is always singularly uniform and beautiful: the
present is perhaps as much so as any: we therefore wonder
that it has escaped the attention of the curious, for we
know of no other specimen yet brought to London.
It is a sort of compressed globe, and, as in others, is
divided into five principal partitions, each of which has
four rows of perforations, which we believe to be fora-
mina. These are covered in an elegant manner with minute
elongated spines, in two rows, with two rows of smaller
ones at their bases, forming a serpentine line in the centre.
These smaller ones are somewhat elongated, and in that
respect differ from the New Holland one. Thus there are
five grand divisions, which are also subdivided in the cen-
tre by a serpentine line, differing from the former in having
six rows of small acute spines, without any perforations
under them: on each side of these, in the longitudinal di-
rection of the shell, are six or seven ovate divisions regu-
larly set round with flat elongated spines fixed on the cir-
cumference, and inclining towards the centre, somewhat
conically, surrounding solid spines, from half an inch to
three inches or more in Jength. These spines vary a little
in proportion of thickness; the lower ones are generally
thickest, most equal, and bluntest ; some diminish towards
the ends, others thicken a little, those near the mouth are
sometimes partly spatulate. They are all covered with
ridges of small tubercles, most prominent towards their
points, with a spongy appearance surrounding them. The
mouth is covered with imbricated blunter spines.
It may be observed that, in describing these, we much
resemble conchologists, who rather describe the case or
91
house of the animal than the animal itself: here, however,
we have been describing the bone and its appendages,
which are the covering of this animal. Linnzus described
it as a bony covering; and analysis, by that accurate che-
mist Mr. Hatchett, has shown that Linnzus was perfectly
right, seeing that shells are entirely destitute of phosphoric
acid, and bones have always a portion of it. The bones
of the mouth of this animal are a curious congeries within
this* case; the rest of the animal we know very little
about, and the little there is of it is eaten in some places
in Scotland and other parts.
This Echinus was found by some fishermen in the
islands of Shetland, where it is known by the name of the
Piper, from the spines being supposed to resemble the
drones of a bagpipe. The fishermen there say that speci-
mens are sometimes found with spines nearly a foot in
length; but some allowance must be made for exaggeration
in all statements of this nature. The figure is nearly the
size and proportion of the specimen.
Since writing the above I have seen a small specimen in
the possession of Mr. Lee, of Hammersmith, about an
inch and a quarter in diameter, of which the spines are
some twice that length, but imperfect, and some deeper
furrowed. Some parts being nearly destitute of spines,
we find the bone so nearly resembling our species, that
we consider them the same, as we could not see any
specific difference. The spines seem to be longer in pro-
portion in this small specimen than in the larger one. From
their internal structure we should consider them as adapted
for growth, and in this they somewhat resemble the struc-
ture of the stems of some plants, having a kind of central
pith, and radiating in divaricating circles from it. We
* The five teeth are generally elongated inwards, and are composed of
fine silky filaments resembling asbestus, but are brittle.
92
therefore venture to conjecture that they do not cast their
spines nor case, as lobsters do.
These things are extremely difficult to make out; and if
we should make any mistake, it may be so far successful as
to be the cause of finding out the truth.
There is the same species recent at the British Museum ;
and one of them has the spines over the foraminous aper-
tures turned back: perliaps, they are commonly so when
alive. Wedo not know from whence they come.
On looking over Klein, we found a figure which appeared
to be the same as ours, and which Gmelin quotes as
var. a. of his Eehinus cidaris. We also find a specimen in
Mr. Woodd’s most respectable collection, which seems to
have been taken in a living state. On examining all the
specimens with a great deal of attention, we find the fo-
ramina constantly different from the New Holland one; we
therefore suspect that it 1s another species, and ought to
have a new name. The double foramina are situated in
simpler-formed bones, which are thickest at one of the
ridges ; when the animal’s mouth 1s downwards, they seem
to lap over each other like tiles. The New Holland one has
strong indentations between the double foramina, and the
bone forms a kind of beak-like process, curving into the
holes—see figs. 1. 2. As these animals are often admired
when destitute of spines, it may be necessary to observe
another difference inthe bones. The five divisions destitute
of foramina have, as we before observed, six rows of
spines ; consequently they have six rows of tubercles,
suited for the sockets of the spines, somewhat distant.
Those from New Holland are more equal in size, more
crowded and numerous: see figs. 3. 4.
We do not think that the figure of a petrified specimen
referred to by Gmelin, in Klein, is the same species. We
have specimens sufficiently preserved to see the difference,
which will be figured in tad. 152 of British Mineralogy.
mete: nena
Oe be AR ik
a
‘ il rie ha re Vi tee
a cae Leia hid acs ellaaleeaalan 4 oe
tron Fares ne Raper (one
aK Dike see ihe HAP wh a cw paren ey AN ¥ my
BR SMA Ca SAY AN neil cad + ga Mik
hae Oa Maly Wee Nila Merve ite ee Pe 3 A
ae remen re # i Mi vs ee . ‘
\
orudore:
Zi
DeclL 1805. Publfhed by Taf Sowerby,
93
TAB. XLV:
STYLOPS Melittz.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 2. Hemiptera,
Gen. Cuar. Antenne bipartite. yes sitting on a
foot-stalk. E/ytra fixed to the sides of the thorax.
Scutellum extended, covering the abdomen.
Spec. Cuar. Very black. Wings larger than the
body.
Syn. Kirby Monogr. Apum Angl. v. 1. t. 14. n. 11.
fe led. 0. 2. 110-14.
Length of the body, 14 line.
Bopy very black, not shining. The head before obsoletely
three-lobed. Feelers four, the exterior consisting of two joints,
the first subclavate, the second lanceolate, acute; the in-
terior shorter, not jointed, slender, towards the end a little
thicker. Antenne longer than the head, with the first
joint large, short, sending out two branches ; the interior
shorter, wider, without joints; the exterior longer, more
slender, consisting of three joints. Eyes large, prominent,
conspicuously reticulated, sitting on a short thick peduncle.
Vertex flattish. Elytra small, sublinear, fixed to the sides
of the thorax. Wings two, large, longer than the body,
folding, milky white, with a blackish rib and submarginal
line. Scutellum extended, elongate, slipper-shaped, cover-
ing the abdomen, strengthened on each side by a corneous
process. Legs compressed, piceous. Abdomen hid under
the scutellum, fleshy, with a truncate subemarginate anus.
The body of the larva is subcylindrical, soft, whitish,
inserted into the abdomen of the Melitta, the head being
VOL. I. L
94
exserted, corneous, heart-shaped, flattish, subrufous, black
behind, underneath concave behind. Mon. Ap. Angl.
Since I met with the extraordinary insect here described,
I have had the good fortune to extract a pair of pupz just
ready to be disclosed, from the body of another Melitta.
No sooner did I touch them, than they ‘* burst their
cerements,”” and I was not slow to prevent their escape.
One of these is here figured. It seems to vary somewhat
from my original specimen, but not sufficiently, I think, to
be deemed a distinct species. The legs are black instead of
piceous, the abdomen also is not so totally concealed by
the scutellum, but is rather exserted and acute. This part,
however, is most probably retractile, for being fleshy, and
consequently liable to injury, it wants the shelter which
the scutellum above and the processes on the sides and be-
neath (fig. 7. bb.) seem designed to afford it. The velvetty
blackness of the body makes the sutures of the trunk and
the inosculations of the first joints of the antennz very
dificult to distinguish even under a powerful magnifier.
In my original specimen I discovered only a single joint
before the antennez branched out. Mr. Sowerby found two,
as represented in fig. 5. The shape of the Jower branch or
auricle seems different also in the two specimens.
“* Mr. Sowerby suggested to me that what I took for
larvee of this insect (Monogr. Ap. Angl. 111—14) were
really pupa :—To this ingenious conjecture I readily ac-
cede, as it removes all the difficulty with respect to their
mode of feeding; the larva living entirely within the body
till it is ready to take the pupa, and then exerting its head
at the dorsal inosculations of the abdominal segments, that
the perfect animal may the more readily disengage itself
when its time for disclosure is come. The pup are gene-
rally found in pairs, (fig. 1, 2), these may probably be the
SenCse.
This genus appears not be confined to Melitta, for I
have more than once found their exuyiz in the body of
foreign Vespe.
95
Where the entomologist may have a chance of meeting
with these curious insects in their imago state (except, like
myself, he seizes the fortunate moment when they are just
ready to leave the body of the animal that supports them) is
a question which I wish it were in my power to answer satis-
factorily. We must first ask, In what state of the Melitta
does it commit its eggs to it? If in the larva the ha-
bitation of this is usually at some depth under ground; and
perhaps by digging where we observe them flying about a
bank, and entering their burrows, we might possibly meet
with some. If in the imago (but it seems not easy to
conceive that the Stylops with its soft abdomen, furnished
with no strong aculeus or oviduct, can perforate the scaly
mail of the Melitta to deposit its eggs, without indeed it
insinuates them at the inosculations of the abdominal seg-
ments)—in this case most probably it goes to work when
the Melitta reposes, and may be a night-flyer; but it
would not be very easy to see so minute a creature in the
night. Perhaps a butterfly-net might be used with success
about banks where we observe many burrows of insects.
Ols. The Pupz Mr. Sowerby has figured appear to be
ovate, where as mine were linear. See fig. 2, and Monogr.
Ap. Angl, vol. t. 14. 2. 11. f. 7.
Explanation of the Plate.
Fig. 1. Male of Melitta albicans with a pair of the Pupz
of Stylops Melitta in its Abdomen.
2. Abdomen of ditto magnified.
3. Stylops Melitte natural size.
4, Ditto magnified. aaEyes. J Scutellum.
5. Head of ditto as seen under a powerful magnifier.
a a lower branch of the Antenne. 0& 6 upper
ditto. ec exterior Feeler. dd interior ditto.
6. Part of the Trunk. a@ Thorax. 0 b Elytra.
7. Underside of the Abdomen and Processes. a@ Ab-
domen. Ul b Processes.
W. Krrpy.
| pelt: iteps a oe 9 iy) va ogteigh tiad al aiSsila uni
at reese a eT
salting 229 ueets 3 ee ue
fideo abby what rasta oR Sis Neale seibere FAF
Pie see eh il | Phi a a ee ay ahi fa
bea fxs 8 nes aliginey owe eterna: df aol 4 verte |
ob yang tan ARE th 1nd) cqunai> sity BRE paliba:
abeais eg we ) realy ty Ls ryahite te anolion” Shee: Grate sd
te \ inet dca?
kta nein Qe Od org, 4b hdccnaey if alett sins a) yee so twtrenete
ar f; de Fae woud waigive aK oh Keleted be 16 eave of } igh Wa! yt
cay oo tenia) 8 agami ad! eda oF eng! ar oe af Lh:
To Byupey Bit, ral: Beis 4 o. teiiciens Bein et i rahe fi f cai * Es adie
eh 4 oy igi al a heart ae sii wt cs ee aie & Li |
bd at aa ae ‘ hie rr ;
ae ae i anil g i atta ade ui gaite A
it aah Tey iiake a ite es
eh ea Stay toni ft str ud & oe
- ey
aah pitt Ye Scunel i pore ‘ou igolourotar ate
Hagan. veld ancl ep Labelle senate! ots
ah
jae warned. aii with sie gi "
ioe ae Ft cacwoldiy Moe ey dive’ pak alli ant veihon
a Pee ott oe = ity ot SH, ANP Vedi
> ai olde se is Yo adiuizadnivanni a 1a! ‘ne eke cited ste
{
Woh
one 2 ie rien et ae rn rid 4 Boa lit i iw Tuk Be ate ;
; «
iy. ae 7 WY. Popa
i We : At eae ree ue
me st Sas “hy sen ae aa
(2 ig dag ae Ws
i general ty ni wise
nae ene
pe. Ae i
sti aah yy
ahi fa rY, ee fi vs aK: ’
te fin by qi abhsiyeat th A, en a » dees ‘yawor be ie 2;
sath ory as, We SS 4 LS: 4 WR tae, ay Ay i
I) iM a A y ba nm tls oh no7) 1 Sey tem ta!
Aa abietaB it
ero | Ae “tkagetah
eae eet , wkd ad any) ey
ae ce ves : i: Sai oily ba Ade
mike ty kar" ac lmglap hai ob ah
Aa vay Hep i 4 ait Hh «
aghe: ae od stil pe ibe a sien’ a:
es Wy
% : : . yy : si wy ave Wh Uy Me ine} 9 hy : ar
ay yak t « : eT i :
ae”
“re eth i (sai Maer
Neda: wg, Boi anes ae bad Be
eae iss en ant ; ie te i
‘ ia: a nog ae
: mae { a) Pl a
vlige : 4 Re ta sh ea
2 ve a he Nea cath Coe pany)
: . hid ated i é ie |
(Sea Bi corn a0 we
ee ae, ibaa
(
aa i :
ii asi
BF sian $e jt “tN i bins ites ae
Qe a ovale wr wy Bees, » Cia am
5 LB Iibstiied \w May ia lik 2: Wl
| wt hs bet nase Uf wie eae
| ate WERY. Nd. 8h 7 run .
ad any ‘y / ie 4
46
Declz 1605. Publifhed ty Tx Sowerby, Londen
@
97
EAB. XLVI.
LIBELLULA conspurcata.
Stained Dragon-fly.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 4. Neuroptera.
Gen. Cuar. Mouth furnished with two pair of jaws.
Antenne very short, bristle-sshaped. Wings
plane, extended. Front vesicular. -dnus of the
male armed with forceps.
Spec. Car. Wings with a marginal yellow stripe,
and a brown spot at their tips.—Fabr.
Syn. Libellula conspurcata. Fabr. Suppl. 283. n. 1—2.
Length of the body, 1 inch, 6 lines.
Expansion of the wings, 2 inches, 10 lines.
SS ee
Tuk insect here figured resembles not a little LZ. 4-macu-
lata; but is nevertheless quite distinct from it. The head
is of a dirty yellow. Trunk downy, of the same colour, with
black sutures. Abdomen prismatical, dirty yellow, with
the lateral and dorsal angles black. The wings, a little
within the anterior margin, are stained with a longitudinal
yellow stripe, which does not quite reach the tips. The
anastomosis is black, with a brown cloud terminating the
wing. The secondary wings have besides a black spot at
their base.
We are indebted to Mr. Joseph Hooker of Norwich for
this insect, who took it in the summer of 1804 in a wood
at Sprowston near that city.
4
i
1
‘
’
ro
4
'
4
.
‘
&
e
i
7
,
.
Ladd
i
7
.
xy
rs!
Po
~
q i
’
‘
f
»
i aie ? 4 “ane , ce at ay “Es a 4
. & 4 ; . os Cun 7 ut “RA 7 ,
seer | Avie LS WROTE way
“ rl woos aie
fi u 5
PY :
i
ti dad
mess
; nie ot
; “Pesy
‘ i *
é 55}
5; rirccnilntie
at i he ee : el wh a1? yd B
7 bel ‘ ‘ i ~~ A
7 as : a
‘ , & i :
. - i ste
. : la 9 e c a*
q *
= , “ , \ j
< ‘i ; ; uw
en ye th oa ax ; "
rae ni 7 \ + 7's” i
; ot ues , pat’ re “eel ii nine 3 Wea Hach sul, 7
- 05) es y’ welt. sar eek ees Tie _.
tT ver s 4 e ~ «
j j ; F ; '
| ; P ae bg a wht lhe so ait ‘ ae |
ya ; ‘ if ry let 2 ; i Co re f vay wiry olny oe LT 2 iosi
ot , “ie = ° . Kays b “. 7
t ae F b ‘ Seti eae: {rt |
} hy ' 7 7 4 ' 4
. Hiker or RE hon) "cee EGA Bags ae
: ; ’ ? ‘ 3
ant ie
Bie i) al
qs *y Ses is
: ’
! - wi we hhh
Te. = i
wits oy
4) r i
ah wim 4
? ay
. 2 _ .
i ’ i] i
4 8 } * 148 (7 Tap) mt
at br } i ; we (endear i peli
: . i) ah ry @ & i= LPaiVile 7
A i] ‘
F ’ a) 4 dha 4! te 4
*
J Wie i ; \ i
5 '
a " ? ' ; 1] ; y j I,
VY / '
| ‘ j }
ie et t f
7 ia
i i git , «
¥ i ‘ t
‘4 1 , —T s ‘ :
a, were ;
: i wees Y { y
ia ae ae
hee =} by 7 | ;
. : ' eo Aly oy ey ae By glean af
oA) Be 4 é . File P
iy | is ; EB Tigh ’ ‘ e
ay, 2 Feo Bnaaei | Mastic 4: tle ideal mht
M wT a SAN WE aes, Pe th ne wings oe
a Herbs Ror es seed ih Sal acie 4 an ophaly
oo “ i ve VY aun ty ; ian se aa by a +, sh
“ y iia : aa 4 \ *
bikes seer ih at) 7: MGs devs. ‘ide my Na
Va At Ry yee BF inalsinds ae ele tPriat a ae Whit |
fe Bis ay {eee Na th Ma Shahan tics ¥: ay tenes be
"peat + air ag i! 8
Danis ST aaa ee, Eye RiGA
i Pom vote a, ah 8 ee a ‘cae ae aiaios ie
+ PO cP oe US A ee oo’ treet i a,
' eam ey a, iy a EM tale We yey
BS a Ta REAL RnPR See SON ae Ps
if foie + rani a ae mre Peveny
me RMD HAS ee May gD iow ee ae fiynte Adee te”
i
>.
¥,
[io
y
i
4k
J
i
4
i
‘.
ts
. ra
iy
i . Ni
‘4 r
poke
' |
» "
mat
7)
Loredored
Jes Sowerby,
Dec’ zt 2805 Pubifred: 4y
99
Wak? “xX LVEE
LIBELLULA enea; Var.
Metallic Dragon-fly.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 4. Neuroptera.
Spec. Cuar. Wings unspotted, hyaline. Head and
trunk metallic green. Abdomen clavate.
Syn. Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 902. n. 8.
Faun Suec. 1465. Var. 6.
Faby, Ent. Syst..m. 2.381. n..35,
Rati Hist. Ins. 49. n. 2.
L’Aminthe. Geoffr. Hist. Ins. Par. 2. 226. n. 10.
Demoiselle dorée verte. De Geer. 2. par. 2. 687.
EC ese
Length of the body, 1 inch, 10 lines.
Expansion of the wings, 2 inches, 8 lines,
Turs insect was taken by Mr. William Jackson Hooker,
in the summer of 1803, at Starston- Wood near Harleston
in Norfolk. It has also been found at Martlesham Heath
near Woodbridge in Suffolk by the Rev. William Kirby.
Both the specimens taken by these gentlemen are males;
the female we have not yet had an opportunity of inspect-
ing. Linneus mentions no difference between it and the
male, except that its anus wants the forceps, being
furnished with only two lanceolate appendages.
The body of our specimens, the head and trunk especially,
is covered with yellowish down. The mouth is yellow.
The vesicular part of the front before the eyes and the
thorax are of a brilliant metallic green. The sides of the
trunk elitter with the hue of gold or copper. The legs are
100
black. The wings nearly hyaline and unspotted: the se-
condary pair have the first area of the network at the base
yellow. The shape of the abdomen is remarkable, re-
sembling a club with a handle, the first segment being very
thick, the second very slender; the following ones as they
approach the anus keep gradually dilating; the sixth and
seventh being the widest; the two last diminishing in
width again. The anus is terminated by four appendages ;
the upper pair are linear, unarmed, and very hairy; the
lower pair terminate in two sharp teeth, or a fork. The
colour of the upper side of the abdomen is metallic, but
more obscurely so than that of the head and trunk; its
underside is black, with two rows of obscure pale spots.
Linnzus, in the first edition of his Fauna Suecica, con-
sidered the insect here figured as distinct from his L. enea,
(which appears to differ from it in having yellow lines upon
the thorax, and a black abdomen); but in the second
edition of that admirable work he gave them as varieties.
Having never met with «, we cannot venture to give a de-
cided opinion as to its identity with 8, yet we cannot help
suspecting that they may be distinct species. Linneeus,
amongst his synonyms, has referred to the same numbers
in Ray both for this insect and L. depressa. They belong
evidently to the latter. Our reference to that illustrious
father of natural history in England will, we trust, be
found perfectly correct. His description so happily pour-
trays our insect, that we cannot resist the temptation we
feel to insert it here. ‘* Thorax pilis crebris hirtus est,
supine e viridi et cupreo mixto, subtus cupreo colore pilos
translucente splendens. Abdomen longum ut in hoc ge-
nere, tenue, lave, ad exortum a thorace et ad caudam in-
tumescens. Alze membranacee pellucida ad exortum
luteo tinctze, duplici in margine exteriore lineola nigra, una
majore prope extremum, altera transversa minima et vix
discernenda circa mediam partem notate.”
ea Hy a
3 i pe 7 Ane
Dee! 2.2805. Publphed % = Sowerby, Lender:
101
TA Bo XLVI.
SEPIA octopus.
Kight-armed Cuttle-fish.
Class 6. Vermes. Order 2. Mollusca.
Gen. CuHar. Body fleshy, receiving the breast in a
sheath, with a tubular aperture at its base. Arms
eight, beset with numerous suckers, and in most
species two pedunculated tentacula. Head short.
Eyes large. Mouth resembling a Parrot’s beak.
Turt.
‘Spec. Cuar. Body without tail or appendage. Pe-
dunculated tentacula, or longer arms, none.
Arms beset with a double row of tentacula.
Syn. Sela Mus, vu. S02. f. 1, 253. 5%
Tus Cattle-fish, commonly so called, was sent me from
Dover by my friend Mr. Richard Phillips. I received it
alive. Whether it is a variety of the Sepia octopodia of
Pennant, I cannot positively determine. It is certainly
sufficiently distinct from one which I had from my friend
G. Montague, Esq., which agrees with Pennant’s, haying
a single row of suckers upon each arm; for, besides the
double row of suckers which ours has, it is much more
coloured, and different in shape, the body being longer.
There is no mention made of Sepia octopodia with double
rows of suckers by Pennant. Gmelin and Turton only
speak of such. There are figures of both in Seba.
102
This, for the strangeness of the animal, is both curious
and pretty, from the colours and contrivance of nature in
giving it such arms and so many suckers for its size.
The whole may seem extremely strange to new ob-
servers, and more so when we can tell them that these
arms are in some kinds said to be extended to above 50 feet
in length, so as to embrace a boat and crew, and pull them
down to satisfy the animal’s voracious appetite *. They are
said to give a phosphorescent light when opened: this
might happen to other animals in a certain state of putre-
faction. Ours had some black inky matter in the pouch,
said to be the substance used for Indian Ink. It differs very
httle from soot, which there is little doubt may be more
commonly used.
* ‘The Indians carry hatchets to cut off these arms, and relieve the boats.
; OT ipa 5 2
mopucy “Mgaame pn pel %o paypfggrd FOYE Ts,
Ze al
6+
103
habs OBE:
SOREX ciliatus.
Fringe-tailed Water Shrew-mouse.
Class 1. Mammalia. Order 3. Fere.
Grn. CHar.
Spec. CuHar. Black. Toes and tail with a white
fringe underneath.
Tuts, probably, new species of Sorex was caught in a ditch
in Norfolk by W. J. Hooker, Esq. It is larger than the
Land Shrew, and different in shape and colour. It is
about the size of the Water Shrew, but is neither so black
on the back, nor so white on the belly, being very nearly
of a similar tint all over; a grayish black, scarcely at all
lighter underneath. It is remarkable for a fringe of shortish
white hairs on the under side of the tail, which is blackish
with a white tip. The legs and toes are also fringed under-
neath with white hairs.
pe 4 a
me Te i . +. |
2 er cp Oa ae
et DULG YE Bitiy, ere et
Paes
‘ hat iu “tat 10 Mee ey KY Tr Gk A .
pee ak cs uly Pal fe ‘ah, ip ‘ ial Git
! bay rit i cont uM he a cit! | ewig
a mercies: yes Hh a ) ' 4 aye Sait P
n Are ah vil
f, aay: en nf
* Bay amet
“ sis tiple a Ae
ii ) iets, Sy) ig aneoes Te . EN Mk
Maer Nira a Ly Cohen’. | ; ty of ts at - ie iy,
ae BE hinds {eA ei BRR aay eae bi ¥) iow 7
‘ reas a Kier eat Relea OD
a Aa hinen Ge ete eee p hy beige lh FM, AM
. 4
mopuery ‘Aquamap suf 39 PUfggrd “PIGLET
105
TAB. L.
PLEURONECTES Rhombus.
Pearl, Brill.
Class 4. Pisces. Order 3. Thoracici.
Div. Eyes on the left side.
Gen. Cuar. Head small. Eyes spherical, both
on the same side the head, and near each other.
Mouth arched: jaws unequal, toothed. Gil/-
membrane with 4—7 rays; the cover mostly of
three laminz. Body convex and coloured above,
flat and paler beneath. Vent near the head.—
Turt.
Spec. Cuar. Body smooth, rhomboidal; four first
rays of the dorsal fin ramified, with the mem-
brane lacerated between each branch.
Syn. Gmel. v. 1. 1235.
er
Tue London fishermen often call this the Turbot, and to
those unacquainted with that fish this is sometimes sold as
such. It is known by the name of the Brill in common.
It seems, however, to be the Pearl of most authors. It
is much less esteemed by the epicure than the Turbot, as
it differs in its flavour as well as in its specific characters.
{t has no spines or conical rough bones in the skin like
106
that fish, which is rounder and brighter. The Brill is
truly rhomboidal, grayish brown with minute and large
brown spots ; the dorsal fin is curiously lacerated just above
the head * ; the underside has a delicate pearly whiteness,
whence I suppose its name is derived.
As it is inferior in goodness to the Turbot, so it is com-
monly sold cheaper. .
It is somewhat remarkable that this has not been before
figured, although so much spoken of. From the general
conversation I have had about it, it appears that the term
Brill has confounded and obscured the name of Pearl,
which is scarcely known at present in London.
A bad figure, uncofoured, may be seen in Johnstone’s
Fishes, tab. 22. fig. 13.
The Brill scems to be rather a rare fish excepting in the
London markets. I have had some very small ones, by
favour of the Rev. Hugh Davies, from Anglesea, under
the name of the Pearl.
* A character we have observed in no other British flat-fish.
a pe all Ue
eae Pie Riera eT W, ‘aa Je
Bran. ALR Andere: yieserimtie ile Sea ve ;
MR Re Tek seen italy pre nica we ae e
PART tie ‘ie: Oy vein: Wah wan ‘i
% aime nd "tardy oe ag Nv |
it fae’ ti, My OE MEE ‘Re ae, cis sini co whi enh a
‘a bs a bom ela Ava we oneal bil i sgh din whis Soe ne i
i mh rags: Tie 6 a PGi a) rt ati Bon Tes Oe, A ek
wt epi ne Me. ial Sadi cere Ney ohne ailing A ae 4
DOMME Frcnsitcs? eee NalRN AN Aion 9 phot gape ee
Bi sierra how Glogs A Kerwin, ov Ni adlncatinn ade he ae
| Me on ieee stains Wt iy, oer ih Dates r Bs
maa). Vl ’ Tae: th
Cee Lt 108. Pub Gfhed ae Jal Sowerby, Lender:
fl a bob
NEREIS pectinata.
Class 6. Vermes, Order 4. Mollusca,
Spec. CuHar. Smooth, prismatically coloured. Ten-
tacula 14 on each side, gold-coloured. Legs
14 on each side, also gold-coloured.
Turs strikingly beautiful and curious animal excited the
attention of the ingenious Dr. Boys, who was so kind as
to present me with specimens of it a long time since. The
tentacula and the peduncles being of a finely golden ap-
pearance, recall that grand description in the Revelations,
«< his feet were like unto fine brass, as if they were burned
in a furnace.” Whether the inspired writers alluded to
natural history in their descriptions we do not know; they
are however very sublime in some of their comparisons.
The tentacula appear somewhat solid, but the feet seem
to be composed of bundles of golden hairs. There are
numbers of little brown papilla upon what appears to be
the lip. There are prominent, almost laminated sorts of
thighs to the feet or bundles of hairs. We could not find
the organs by which life is sustained such as the mouth, &c.
The marine animals require much attention to discern
their functions and manner of living; but we expect to
improve in this kind of knowledge, as the present age is
laudably inquisitive into such subjects, which can hardly
108
fail to be of future use. The case has been indifferently
figured by Pennant. It is remarkable for its uniformity,
being perfectly straight, but somewhat conically tubular.
It is composed of bits of shells and chosen particles of
sand, so arranged as to form an equal surface; the gluten
cementing them together entirely covering the inside, and
appearing externally between the particles when examined
by a magnifying glass only. There is little doubt but
these animals quit their cases, as we have seen fresh water
animals with tubular cases do, and dexterously recover
them again. The case of this animal, which is called
Salella tubiformis, has with the rest of that genus been
placed with the Vermes Testacea, we do not find fault
with this arrangement, as, perhaps, without the animal,
there may be no better place for them.
They are found on the Sandwich and other shores, but
the cases are oftener found without the animal than with it.
We have not had the pleasure of seeing this animal in its
natural situation ; and have therefore placed it as if fallen
on the shore, with the animal nearly out of the covering ;
the other animal has fallen carelessly on its back :—thus a
view is given both of the back and front. The case is
said to be found immersed perpendicularly in the sand,
with the broad end and head upwards.
Mia
th nas el? , Ny in 7 a m } the hi ra BYE cor ih sy
F ay Hin - ' Bi hi + ay - eaten . any ra kate aie, i a
th v i Ao G > ah ay Rras 7,
meas ya er ‘lia
TS lal pre be nM Hany | ona
F gt" ars
(ye ae eos de
a” , ‘ie '
Fy 9
i ih SG eat |
es a aegeraet: ore 9k
mh ‘i hs
ree twee aap
at ye + ae
APA i A Wah 3
ne atte pe sa Risow'sh
4 en ae as eas (UR alae Ba
* Bist a) pe "OL tela ees ” ur ive,
an aha tke IR al oe clad, Tope te,
a aha lk a A Ae YT a al AA hy My
Ce ah RE a a
bas Mn Week OR: Eh iit ie aay re ane *
roy oth Nga epi Aim aak Pein a re aaa
i, + ee Be) ik is ae Bit oe
Pn Nerv ines ote eau a ae are
Dee? 2. 1805
e
Tax Sowerby, London.
52
109
aA. ks +L:
ICHNEUMON persuasorius.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 5. Hymenoptera.
Spec. Car. Scutellum with two white spots. Thorax
spotted. Abdomen black, with the segments
marked on each side with two white spots.
Syn. Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. 12. 932. n. 16.
Faun. Suec. 1593.
Fabr. Ent. Syst. Em. 2. 145. n. 49.
De Geer. 1. t. 36. f. 8.
Panz. Faun. Germ. Mit. n. 19. t. 18.
Pimpla persuasoria. abr. Syst. Piez. 112. n. 1.
Length of the body without the aculeus, 11 lines.
of the aculeus, 1 inch 1 line.
$$
Mr. W. J. Hooker took this rare insect, which we do
not recollect to have seen in any other English collection,
in a garden at Coltishall near Norwich.
Linnzus describes his insect in these terms :—* Black,
Lip white. A white line before and behind the eves.
Thorax with three white stripes (diéwris) on each side.
Scutellum with two white dots: the anterior the largest.
Abdomen cylindrical, sessile, with the margin of the first
seyment wholly white, that of the second interruptedly,
the rest have four white dots. Legs ferruginous. Posterior
tibize black. Stature of Ichnewmon manifestator.” Syst.
Nat.
VOL. I. M
110
Our specimen varies from this description in the follow-
ing particulars. The lip, (by which, as appears from the de-
scription in Faun. Suec., Linneus meant the anterior part
of the front) is black, as well as the mouth. The trunk, be-
sides the white lines or stripes mentioned in Syst. Nat., has
a white tubercle under the insertion of the primary wings, a
white spot above the base of the intermediate pair of legs,
two square contiguous spots on each side of the metathorax,
just at the insertion of the abdomen. The first segment
of the latter has an interruptedly white margin, and the
second is distinguished by four white spots like the remain-
ing segments. The posterior tarsi as well as tibie are
black, the latter are yellowish underneath at the base.
Panzer’s figure seems to agree better with the description of
Linnzeus, whose insect was very much larger than ours.
Fabricius, in his Systema Piezatorum, has placed the Ich-
neumons with a sessile cylindrical abdomen and very long
aculeus by themselves, as a distinct genus: this may per-
haps be going too far; but at any rate they form a natural
family in that numerous and perplexing tribe. The very
long aculeus or oviduct of this insect and its affinities
enables them to penetrate to a considerable depth into
holes in wood, to convey their eggs to the bedy of the larva
of some bee or other hymenopterous insect concealed in
them. Mr. Marsham, in his ingenious paper upon Ich-
neumon manifestator, in the third volume of the Transac-
tions of the Linnean Society, gives a very entertaining
account of the proceedings of that imsect to commit its
eggs to their appropriate larva, which we recommend our
readers to peruse.
t
a
hi) :
| ‘2 i
¥
é
'
’
s -
ov ? ae i
ry Fy . S f ‘
- 7 y a od
: ? As 14 ¥ ‘ Ai Vy
Pe . - s
.
oe ee
} ae *
flady § CPi iveeiee: UsA eo ahd Pe
. - ra ¢ ? ad ri
Asa ee eee iad (cb 0 vals TA gr %
| em Me ko mea be Ae a ae bP
‘ A
ie ; va a Rs a ieee mete RTT URES STE
a eee ;
Wy Oh. Gs bie
» ust, Ah
Pe hein (iis CCW Gye bay
wh eueen | A piv hy " 3 VE © yaeeess is a)
pre eo Tee 3, ee 0) og aE,
Cae vs) re Treat
ushal. 4 rhe DA "i ae er seg ¢ Vile! ih
a ene Lalla ier) NA eer et.
hae 2 “eer get ee ie Brae 4 o) Cup eel
/ wha ware (ohe We x AJ i : i ; P
: fav, W 4 HET sh ve)? ah wf orate
y Semesters: | , bites | po. Wyaid cam a i!
Vor ie Freq ray! & hae DA ie yr ; weaved at) er
‘ a ,
“hot days need We 1 ‘relia ts ID gees ge aR fn oh
i. ilhtsaa lis kaise dala al cicada ad
ie Wie ahi tie twee Pi fie) Pay ae Yay iat “
, ieee x a - 7 : 4
Sod
' ; ;
| * Z
oe 4 . ’
my : a
7’
\ % r
. - fe)
i
j
ad | :
: i?
Wn e rs ,
ye . aes ED +
$ boty MAMA Tk dames Pia bi NO Nt ke yled) vin Bae
er, Te 7 heen Siar
Wainer a Bisa hs
LeObY2. 1866. Pubifhed By
Jed Sowerty, Londoné
33
111
TAD LE.
APLYSIA hybrida.
Class 6. Vermes. Order 2. Mollusea.
Gen. Cuar. Body creeping, covered with reflected
oO?
membranes, with a membranaceous shield on the
back covering the lungs. An aperture on th
right side. Tent Latah the extremity of the
back. Feelers 4 resembling ears.
Spec. Car. Purple all over.
Syn. Laplysia depilans? Pennant, Brit. Zool. 4. 42.
We may consider the representation of this curious crca-
ture as under sea-water on a rock, as it is always found in
the sea, and is either dragged from thence or left on the
rocks at low water. It is said to be not unfrequent about
the rocks near Penzance, and indeed I was told great
numbers might be got. This was gathered in the year 1799
on St. Michael’s Mount. My friend Mr. Turner pointed it
out, and my son gathered it at about the Jength of his arm
under water in the hollow of a rock, and I put it into a
box. We handled it pretty much, and felt no particular
sensation; but, looking at my hands after having put it
by, I found a very copious quantity of purple fluid bad
been deposited by the animal in both our hands. I put
some of this on a piece of paper, and it remained nearly
as brilliant for two or three years afterwards. This has
VOL. I. N
112
been thought by some to be the true Tyrian dye of the an-
tients ; although much has been said about Buccinum pur-
pureum by Pennant and others, which last affords such a
trifling quantity. At this age, which improves on every dis-
covery, it might be worth while to those concerned in dyes,
perhaps, to learn whether these animals may be acquired
in sufficient quantities for such purpose.
Pennant calls his Laplysia depilans, and compares it
with Pliny’s description of Lepus marinus, observing that
Pliny places it among the venomous marine animals, saying
that even the touch is infectious. He also says that the
smell is extremely nauseous. Ours does not agree in any
of these characters, and I think I should have observed it if
the smell had been nauseous. We have examined two
boitles from Grenada, probably containing Aplysia depilans
of Linnzus, by Sir Joseph Banks’s favour, who had them
sent him by Mr. Christ. Rapier with the following account
in a letter:
eo “STR,
« Although I have not the honour of being known to
you, I have presumed to send you, what I hope will be
favourably received, specimens of the true Murex of the
antients. The fish were brought on shore by some fisher-
men of this place, St. George’s, Grenada. The fish are
known here by a name which I cannot express in English ;
but may be translated very closely by Vulva marina, and by
the corrupt French of this country by Pissa-la-mer. The
liquid which issues from the fish is of the most beautiful
purple. A considerable quantity had been shed previous to
its coming into my possession, and I was solicitous that
what remained might reach you with as little alteration as
possible. The two fish in No. 1. were put alive into the
bottle, and very strong rum poured upon them and closed
up.” The rum of course had taken away the beautiful
purple colour, and they remained of a purplish black.
is
‘¢ Those in No. 2. had been in my possesssion for many
months, and had lost their purple fluid in a great measure.
I am not even certain that they are the same species as
No. 1.* They are sent to you for an accurate examina-
tion. I can readily believe that the Tyrian purple dye was
first discovered by a dog eating a fish on the sea-shore,
which tinged his mouth of so beautiful a colour as to excite
curiosity how it originated. The fish which is now sent
you, when in the surf of the sea, appears so like the liver
of a bullock, that a dog might easily mistake it for that
viscus.”
We do not know why Pennant has made the generic name
begin with an L, as we suspect that the name is derived
from the Greek word Aravoia, signifying immundities, tllotus,
from its being unwholesome or filthy. Turton has made it
Laplisia.
* We think they may be the same species in a different state of growth:
the small ones, No. 2, however, are brown with dark spots. We want
more light on the subject,
rs
by eee t; he ae
W > re: sm nA "ays |
t | Ais Nail st i i
a the} Py, AU ae eae ence a ee
By. PGMS Mer Ceilts |
tea ae
Dpac ag fo ty
rh
Ah oe i tins ee.
4 Oba viii ca
oe |
Rilvar py Pha Oy
ne
‘Apa ba: peta |
a ies 5 ae ee) é
Sith Rae omtaps 96
yi las ba i
i. ay P ’ ihe a
Lesh Lt amt
e-
«
74 ;
¥ i
"
ed
ey ¥
Ri); ?
F
i '
j ; F
».
ae |
ee Sg
\
7 i
ae
|
&
Vi
i
Ay
"
A —
iW
‘i
.
115
TAB. LIEV.
STAPHYLINUS concolor.
Serrated-horned Staphylinus.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 1. Coleoptera.
Gen. CHar. Antenne moniliform. Feelers filiform.
Elytra halved, covering the wings. Body elon-
gate, Tail (of the females) simple, exerting
two oblong vesicles.
Spec. CHar. Black. Antennz serrated. Thorax
naked, shining, with a dilated margin. Elytra
downy, opaque.
Syn. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 498. 4.
Staphylinus dilatatus. Fab. Ent. Syst. £m.t. 6.
52212? Syst. Elleuth, ii. 592.14? Gel. Syst.
Nat. 2027. 30? Payk. Faun. Suec. 1. 389.
29. Latreille Hist. Nat. €c. tx. 326. 74.
Length of the body 9
Cof the head 14 inves
Breath or the thorax 23 ( ""~**
of the elytra 23
a
We were permitted to make a drawing of this singular and
very rare Staphylinus by our kind friend, the ingenious au-
thor of Entomolozia Britannica, m whose cabinet the only
British specimen of it ever taken is preserved. It is also
found in Germany, Sweden, and France; for we think it
is beyond a doubt the Staphylinus dilatatus of Paykull and
116
Latreille, and most probably of Fabricius: but we have
placed a note of interrogation to the synonym of the last
of these authors, because he describes the colour of the
elytra by the term fusca, which will not accord well with
our specimen, Yet his description in every other respect
agrees with it; mentioning the serrated antenne, the
dilated margin of the thorax, and the metallic hues that
in certain lights glitter upon it: on this account we are
pretty certain that ours can be nothing more than a variety
of his insect.
Body black. Head, excluding the neck, cordate, con-
siderably narrower than the thorax, shining, without
punctures, one or two excepted on each side between the
eyes and the neck. Antenne recurved, a little longer than
the head, hairy, black; with the last joint piceous: their
three first joints are nearly obconical ; the seven following
ones on their lower side jut out into an angle, forming so
Many serratures; the last is nearly ovate and acute. The
thorax is naked, shining and black ; bat behind and on
the sides, in certain lights, it reflects a greenish metallic
hue; itis rounded, and widest behind, somewhat com-
pressed before, and truncate with a sinus for the reception
of the neck; its disk is very convex, but its sides are de-
pressed, dilated and flat; its surface is smooth, with about
twenty-six impressed punctures, viz. eight disposed in two
triangles on the disk, the acute angle of which is distin-
| guished by two approximate ones, and eighteen in the
margin, thus disposed, beginning at the anterior angle,
2.5. 2.9.5.2. The anterior tarsi are dilated, and fulvous
underneath. he elytra are rather longer than the thorax,
but not quite so wide, opaque, black, except the angle at
the shoulders, which is distinguished by a ferruginous dot
that is almost concealed by the thorax. The abdomen 1s
shining and hairy. The anus is terminated by a rectilinear
forceps, and two linear and very hairy appendages: these
are all probably sexual distinctions.
yom iv Porn ref ,
ee a iy bal “a van Mh i ss .
ap ae i os ,
Nota Ws ant ,
i 4) ony | .
i ‘ ty
‘
+ oh
: -
; fas
ae
‘Gna ‘ Ne
9 nad
i
MarA2 2806. Pubbjhed by Je Sowerby, London:
3S
1 Ws
PAB. LoVe
PHALANA N. X scriptum.
Class 6. Insecta. Order 3. Lepidoptera.
Spec. CHar. Crested. Wings fuscous, variegated
with white and black, in the middle a large white
spot marked with a letter _X. Lower wings fus-
cous.
Tuts rare Moth is in the possession of my friend Thomas
Marsham, Esq., Tr. L.S.
The letter X is a sufficient mark at present to distinguish
it from its allies, although it is tolerably distinct in other
respects. We wish we knew the use of this numerous
tribe of insects, as it is remarkable that only the Silk
Worm and the Arindey Worn, figured in vol. 7. of Linn.
Trans., have been made subservient to the arts. There
can be no doubt that every one has its use, although we
must wait patiently to find it out, and in the mean time
we can only learn to distinguish their kinds.
Some of the smaller Tunicee are very fond of cloth,
feathers, &c., and are always ready to take advantage of
our inattention or negligence of those things.
Feb 1 bes. Publihed by Ja! Sou
119
TAB. LVI.
CORALLINA auricularizformis.
Class 6, Vermes. Order 4. Zoophyta.
Gen. CHar. Animal growing in the form ofa plant.
Stem fixed with calcareous subdivided branches,
mostly jointed.
Spec. CHar. Stemless, spreading like a Fungus or
Lichen.
Syn. Corallium cretaceum lichenoides. Ellis Co-
rallines, 76. tab. 27. d. D.
Turs little elegant Coralline (for I cannot make it any
thing else in the present system) is nearest allied to the
Corallina Opuntia in its young or early state. It is of so
curious a formation, that I wonder it has not been re-
cognised as a British species before now.
I have seen it in some cabinets, but no where with a
name. It occurs in tolerable abundance on the rocks at
Kynance Cove, and has a beautiful appearance, hanging
round the sides in a shelf-like manner, or at the bottom of
a hole growing horizontally, sometimes rising: with the
assistance of Corallina officinalis in elegant order—higher
up like the top figure. We cannot help remarking the
120
resemblance it bears to some of the Fungi. The manner of
its growth resembles much Boletus versicolor and Hydnum
Daviesii, &c.; it also resembles the Auricularie in its
mode of growth, and like them is smooth on the under
surface*. It is, however, unlike them, in having the
upper surface smooth; and it is only its situation, and
its composition of phosphate of lime and animal gluten,
that would determine it to be a Coralline. It is more or less
of a deep pink, like C. officinalis, and like that is liable to
be bleached.
* On examining it with the microscope, we see minute cells in transverse
rows, somewhat in concentric circles, convex towards the outer edges, very
like those formed by Boletus igniarius, English Fungi, tab. side figure.
‘The whole growth is so like a fungus, that those who formerly thought
fungi of an animal nature might have considered themselves confirmed in
their idea by observing this. See Encyclopedia Britannica, FuNnGus«
ee se |
Nall Solna ae ale Rite
te Fie
tual man a “NPT, a wire iy iat g
4) ‘
at
haa
Rigas i
a a come i co
ba ral ? ret
LWA Se "Ak bk
1 ee, : nf. ‘way Wein
ae vy, i iat
ae
AL
ARO nf hae y my ee
4 ; é ; r P
0 Ee a
C/
121
TAB. LVII.
SCARABAUS pumilus.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 1. Coleoptera.
Spec. Cuar. Black. Thorax of the male armed
with three horns: the intermediate one very short ;
the lateral ones protended shorter than the head;
sides of the thorax rugose.
Syn. Scarabzeus pumilus. Marsh. Ent. Brit. 1.8.
1. 2.
Length of the body fe ieee : 1
male 34
—female 4
lines.
Breadth of the thorax {
Tuis insect was first taken by the Rev. J. Burrell, in the
neighbourhood of Holt, in Norfolk. The Rev. R. Sheppard
jhas since found it occasionally in the spring, on Rushmere
and Martleham heaths, between Ipswich and Woodbridge,
in Suffolk.
Although it very nearly resembles Sc. Typheus Linn. it
is, we think, nevertheless, quite distinct; it differs from
it not only in size, being considerably smaller, but the
horns of the thorax, compared with the head, are much
shorter, and the surface of its sides more unequal, rugose,
with a greater number of impressed points. In the female,
which is larger than the male, instead of lateral horns, the
thorax is armed on each side with a short tooth, or rather
122
am acute tubercle; between which, in the place of the in-
termediate horn, there is an elevated transverse line or
ridge. This sex differs from the female of Sc. Typheeus in
scarcely any thing but size.
What may be the use of the horns which arm the thorax
of the male of Sc. Typheeus and pumilus, and the head and
thorax of many of the same sex in the Fabrician genera
Copris and Geotrupes, seems at present not ascertained: if,
however, the insect before us be taken in the hand and
held fast, he will resist incumbent pressure with great force,
and make way under it; fram which we may conjecture
that these horns are useful to him in excavating his sub-
terraneous habitation.
Our drawing was made from specimens in the cabinet of
the Rev. W. Kirby. The upper figure represents the male,
aud the lower the female.
; i
i: é : aE
A
wie y,
pre
\ ;
PAY t VER
dU Sh Hap
@ t
at ' re
ri Siciel Sib, de ere hans VR “Vie
Miys > fii saratintisierss er. aes aver ate Uk a:
Pe fy Baie. Solute
Di Vata WA, Mayle ihy ML egie und
| “> Re
j RT t Bie, hit g ee ena ad tae mined
me | Ds i) ne
ea gee yee
or)
a a ad bags & 0 ras bh Ne Mi i) AN ee ies
Bh MU Beh nts Oe ee, es ah aOR
Oe ae Th ay We Naty. o q 7 vay’ Oem oe
Lt Ub teh etl a oe
7 wih gaere ie at che oe oe Winall
4 : Ral. pi i Wi Tek ee, | Me aa yay ; A 1 ENP Y .
ah, ee fai VA te a i *y ea
eiee 7 | P ;
ial ‘2 ao ALi na " t Eid. J NOS (TERE: 4F "7
PRES 4 ar ere vie tha, a aah. ain A ite) | oy
oa " ot snr Wh AT Ne
Pe MAAK Ge ail) Urlanle: cio, PURI Pll geek, ENC MeI: AY gd!
Py med cc Winey (ti ‘hy alae wee Te ase ia wen ayaa ye
; Ae Aidt in Haha’ by Ch rings a Niet, SP Uline
\
58
Pets 1 1606, Publi{ned by Jat Sowerby, London
TAB. LVI
CERAMBYX fulminans.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 1. Coleoptera.
Gen. Cuar. Antenne setaceous. yes lunar, em-
bracing the base of the antenna. Thorax partly
receiving the head. lytra sublinear. Body
oblong.
Spec. Cuar. Thorax globose, spotted. Elytra black,
with undulato-angular white bands.
Syn. Callidium fulminans. Fab. Ent. Syst. Em, it
3325 nN. OD
Cerambyx fulminans. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1853. 1. 278.
Ole Ins: 1008.5. fo G3.
Cerambyx fulminans. Jurt. 2. 330.
Clytus fulminans. Fal. Syst. Eleuth, i. 346. n. 4.
Length of the Body By; lines
Breadth of the Elytra 2 +7
ee
Tue specimen of this elegant insect (which Fabricius
gives as a native of North America) from which our
figure was taken, was found by a young lady upon some
flowers at a garden at Kensington. It is now in the
cabinet of the Rev. W. Kirby. Probably, like Ceramlbyx
violaceus, it was not originally a native of this country,
but imported in its larva state in timber. We remember
seeing at A. MacLeay’s, Esq., a very large larva of some
species, of this genus we imagine, which came alive in
timber from New Holland.
The insect before us belongs to Mr. Marsham’s fifth
family of Cerambyx, (Thorax unarmed, globose, not de-
pressed), consisting of species which Linné had improperly
considered as belonging to the genus Leptura, since their
124,
claim to be regarded as Cerambyces is founded not only
upon ceconomy and habit, but likewise upon character,
these insects exhibiting all the genuine characters of that
genus, particularly the lunar or reniform eyes, so happily
noticed by De Geer, who arranges them with those Ceram-
byces that have a globose depressed thorax, from which
Mr. Marsham has judiciously separated them.
Fabricius originally considered this family as forming
part of his genus Callidium ; but in his Systema Eleuthe-
ratorum, after Schrank, he has made a new genus of them,
under the name of Clytus. Latreille, however, a most
accurate observer, and who has entered more deeply into
the anatomy of insects than almost any entomologist of the
present age, still regards them merely as a family or section
of Callidium. (Hist. Nat. Gen. et Part. des Crustac. et des
Ens. t. 1s Ps 27.)
The body of Cerambyx fulminans is black beset with
cinereous hairs, which underneath and upon the legs are
so thinly scattered as scarcely to obscure their blackness.
Head channelled longitudinally. Antennz of the length
of ihe body, at the base whitish with cinereous hairs.
Thorax with a large obcordate velvety black spot, and two
smaller oblong-oval lateral ones. Scutellum black edged
with cinereous hair. Elytra dehiscent at their apex, black,
pencilled with undulato-angular cinereous transverse lines,
formed of hair. A cinereous crescent also ornaments their
tips. Wings black.
The males in this genus have usually longer antennz
than the females; a circumstance which will account for a
difference observable between the description of Fabricius
and that above given. He says: ‘ Antenne breves,”
whereas in our specimen they are as long as the insect.
He also describes the body of his as fuscous : in ours it Is
quite black. Notwithstanding these differences, we make
our reference to him without hesitation, since in every
other respect our specimen answers exactly to his descrip-
tion.
—
ne
ihe 7 bed: Vt Saini pcatele
4
$9
Hil
fi
ata
ei it ied 4S.
GLMECLOKL TEMS: ie e®.
GEE ELLMS shtag &
ZebSL 2 1806, Purtyhned tr Jal Sowerby, London
'
ie j
yf
al
ony rae
ys f
{ hick
— vl :
% _3 ’ -
. i '
q
a
|
a
mi |
i
ate ay ( { b ;
Ay
i iam aay iy ¢ ; ‘
| a
F at
a ’
19¢ Abhmghe babi: sea) eth: y
nk: * seer oa
“ el :
ahd tale
Be rvree % 44/4,
Nay SN am
ik Ri if \, ad ry ‘
A
j y an i ? Poy
pute Gs at a + i
ei
Feb¢t 1606. Libijped tr Jas Sowerby, London:
Go
ae
7,4
aur .
i Cdl
q rf
be
Zonder
April 2.2606, Pubbjhed by Ta* Sowerby,
TAB. LXI.
SALMO Paries var.
Gillaroo Trout.
Class 4. Pisces. Order 4. Abdominal.
Grn. Cuar. Head smooth, compressed. Mouth
large. Lips small. Tongue white, cartilaginous,
movable. Eyes moderate, lateral. Teeth in the
jaws and on the tongue. Gz// membrane 4—12-
rayed. The Cover of three lamine. Body long,
covered with rounded and very finely striated
scales. Back convex. Lateral line straight,
nearer the back. Hindmost dorsal Fin fleshy,
without rays. Ventral Fins of many rays.
Spec. Cuar. Body with purple red spots. Lower
jaw a little longer. Stomach very large.
Syn. Gillaroo Trout. Daines Barrington, Phil.
Trans. 64. 116. Henry Watson, ibid. 121.
Gillaroe Trout. John Hunter, ibid. 310.
Havine been favoured with a specimen of this fish from
its proper habitat by Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq., V. P.
L.S., I could not resist giving a figure and some account
of so interesting a subject.
VOL, Il. B
©”)
Ao
Mr. Lambert was so good as to send the following ac-
count of it: The Gillaroo Trout which I sent you was
caught in the lake Carra, situated in the county of Mayo
in the west of Ireland, while I resided at Castle Bourke,
situated on the banks of that lake. I had frequent op-
portunities of observing this singular fish, and hardly a
day passed without my catching some of them with the
fly, or having some of them sent me by my tenants. At
different times I opened several of their enlarged stomachs,
which I always found full of Helix tentaculata. This
enlargement of the stomach is no doubt occasioned by
this kind of food producing a certain degree of irritation
so as to thicken the coats of it. Itis certainly not a disease,
as the larger the stomach the fatter the fish; and a Trout
about two pounds weight with a stomach the size of a
hen’s egg, was so fat and oily as scarcely to be eatable.
This fish is easily taken with a fly, and I have caught
several in a day with much coarser tackle than I could
have taken the Trout with in the rivers of England. It
is certainly not a distinct species from the common
Trout, as some have thought it; for I have found the
stomach in every state of enlargement from the size of
a nut to that of a hen’s egg; -and I have as often caught
them in the same lake without the least enlargement of the
stomach. The shell on which they feed seems to be very
abundant in the lake Carra, as some parts of the shores of it
are covered with the half-digested shells voided by this fish.
I have been informed that they are sometimes caught in
some of the neighbouring lakes.”
On examining the stomach of the above specimen I
found both Helix tentaculata and Nerita fluviatilis ; the
first in the greatest abundance, but both with their oper-
culums on, and the snail or animal very little altered; a few
loose operculums and empty shells were among them:
3
the shells also are very little altered: the epidermis or
fine cuticle of the shell is in the prominent parts lacerated,
and the white lime is apparently in asmall degree softened :
in this state they appear to be voided, as they were much
in the same state in the extreme gut. These fishes, like
other fat subjects, seem to require very little food.
The stomachs of other Trout that I have examined
contained these and other shelly animals, such as cads *
with stony and wooden cases, &c., but I did not meet with
any separate remains of any of the animals so as to identify
their species. From what John Hunter observes, we may
conclude that the size of the stomach is owing to its de-
lighting in coarser food than others.
* Larva of Phryganea,
Je oO co
ath w %
ane
right xia aa! i, effects: aytt
Dy “gilt sisi Cae
as wil
oe
h
Age
Hy aN
sat fe)
,
,
¥, ¥
J ,
YS a
ite -
A ry
wis
fi ;
b ck
th
{ .
4 :
4 ae
vi
Rye
Jere 2.1806. Pubihed- Iv Jas Sowerby, London.
PAB) LXE
ANAS frenata.
White-faced Duck.
Class 2. Aves. Order
Spec. Cuar. Fusco-ferruginous. A spot on the
wings, abdomen, and a ring round the head at
the base of the bill, white.
Syn. Anas frenata. Sparm. Mus. Carls, v. 2. pl. 38.
Tue White-faced, or Laughing Goose, (Anas Barnacla,)
as it is often called, is well known; but we have not seen
the White-faced Duck mentioned any where as British.
My good friend the Rev. James Dalton, F. L. S., has
sent me a young and an old one. As this gentleman does
not consider them rare in Yorkshire, it is rather to be
wondered at that there is no account of them except in
Sparrman’s Museum Carlsonianum, from specimens shot
in Aland, in Norway.
We cannot agree with the idea that it is the female of
Anas Marila, a3 upon comparing the essential parts, par-
ticularly the beak, they do not warrant that idea. Sparr-
man’s description being a good one, we cannot do better
than merely to make a translation of it.
Beak black, rather broad. Head brown, with a white
ring round the base of the beak. Neck ferruginous. The
6
back, between the shoulders and tail, fusco-ferruginous.
Humerus, sides of the breast and hypochondria, interspersed
with minute white spots. The upper part of the breast in
the front undulated with white and fuscous. Abdomen, in
the front, silky white; behind, dull fuscous white. Ten
primary quill feathers black. Secondary quill feathers
white, concealed at the base by black covert plumes;
hence the speculum of the wings is small and white. Feet
black. Tail rounded.
I hope before long to see the proper male, and to ascertain
if it really belongs to Anas Marila.
Jane 1.1806. Piblijfhedk by Jas Sowerty, Jordon.
TB: LXIII.
ASTERIAS equestris?
Spec. Car. Rays 5. Disk covered with tubercles.
Margin with oval plates, each with three to six
tubercles on each. ‘Tentacula rather clavate.
Syn. Gmel. 3164. Linch’s Stella Marina, t. 12.
nm. 21. t. 263 2. 42. 6.33. 0. 53.
In February 1806 I had the pleasure of receiving this
superb Asterias from my kind friend and patron, James
Brodie, Esq., M. P. and F. L.S., which was found on the
coast near Brodie House. It is certainly one of the hand-
somest of the genus, and is now first known as a British
species. The specimen was about the size of the represen-
tation, an inch thick in the middle, rising somewhat
cushion-like. The longest spines are rather blunt, and
about twice their thickness in length, which is about one-
eighth of an inch. These are dispersed on plates sur-
rounded by little stud-like prominencies, that when fresh
have a beautiful pearly lustre: see the left hand lower Sigure.
The plates on the side are ovate, and have often three or more
spines on them. There are a few scattered forceps-like
spines on the upper side, and many on the under side: see
the left hand bottom figure. The feelers are flattish and
somewhat clavate. The other figure is the little shield-like
tubecle, generally on the back of this sort of animals.
The synonyms of Gmelin, which here refer to Linck’s
figurrs above quoted, are right, and belong to the species
here figured, but the others to a very different species.
ie
rf
vie
te
|
vid
t
is}
|
fl
‘
‘
i
be
f
1), a
-
ft
!
‘
ay
a
1
» é
Hi
it
A
:
w
he thy 3 a
ney
A inh i
war): Ok - ee . i }
et awn es ale
“ rare ey ban
;
tug Phy.
get at ou, me
get ey nigel
swan a
ays! ee Bins 4) ‘
at 4b ire
/ nt ie
Pr ae
eC
a wit 00
it wae
ph 4 Le “ lh Pig
si 1
oa]
i)
idayeety Bein,
ne ue i ee tt rat i
» ies ti th i Y eyt havi
van ol
Tike ion uy,
’ fn oe
oe ae Po) a
f P| " vy . bile t
ie, en oy) hcl Va See
I A ‘ i ~ é 4
ry Hi RA ft Pets)
ay ah to ‘ hai mii “4
Nod) (5) ea
ne
1 | 4 | Peay | d
gtii-hisits ’ my j fant 1
a By > LT Viv see
; the . * F
bed Vs a
enh) WMITk Te a "Abie Gh
ia ae
NSE! SY si iettemiah’
A Oy, iF,
Ay cd co we pig ir ie ni Cae
. ” “ie
= ‘
ee —— li gta lee aa
<
x” a hy ou ae
: + weit Capek Fim ky ah LOA gt
Big iy *
RagsCot Publishd by Ja’ Sowerby Lender
21
TAB: LX:
FLUSTRA avicularis.
Grn. Cuar. Animal a polype proceeding from
porous cells. Stem fixed, foliaceous, membra-
Naceous, consisting of numerous rows of cells
united together, and woven like a mat.
Spec. CHar. Cells on one side, armed with branched
spines: branches fasciculate, palmate, dichotomous,
truncate, smooth on one side, with opaque beaked
capsules near the edge formed like a parrot’s head..
I wave been shown this curious Zoophite by my friend
the Rev. P. Keith, F.L.S., who found it at Seaford bay,
Sussex, in March 1806, in the most perfect state, forming
altogether a spherical mass. TI consider it as a very extra-
ordinary production, exhibiting at the same time two di-
stinct animal appearances ; one representing an amphitrite,
the other a living form, like a bird’s head, included in the
same nest or habitation. Mr. Ellis had the gratification of
seeing these birds’ heads move up and down, and the beaks
open; probably the lower mandible move down and up
again. Whether his is the same species, may admit of a
doubt, as ours has from two to five appendages at each
ecll; he regularly represents two. The cells are either
covered with a convex operculum, or protrude the am-
phitrite. The head-like animal is attached to the nerves,
near the edges. The habitation is like that of other Flustra
22
in substance, and has a root like a Tubularia, or base be-
ginning with a stem that divides into branches, widening
into many rows or series of cells, which are somewhat
concealed by curving inwards. The outer side is glossy,
only divided by slight furrows into rows, showing its trans-
parency with a magnifier. The cells somewhat resemble
articulations, and are alternate ia their position.
I think this production may lead us to understand some
petrifactions found in Somersetshire.
Since writing the above, Miss Biddulph of Southampton
has sent us a piece of this Flustra found at Dover.
72
Aug 1.1806. Pubkisha by Jaf Sowerby London
TAB. LXXII.
ELATER chalybeus.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 1. Coleoptera.
Spec. Cuar. neous, with a purple tint. An-
tenn of the male pectinated. ‘Thorax channelled.
Syn. Elater cupreus, var. Fab. Ent. Syst. em. i.
225.37? Panz. Faun. Germ. init. 77.1. 3.
E. pectinicornis, var. Payk. Faun. Suec. ili. 9.
11. obs.
Length
6
{or the body } tines.
Breadth 2
Soin EESRnEanenee: cise
Turs beautiful Elater was taken by the Rey. James Dalton
of Copgrove in Yorkshire, and by him given to the Rey.
William Kirby, who has lent it to us to figure.
The whole body is eneous, with a fine tint of purple.
Underneath it is rather hairy. The head and thorax are
deeply punctated ; the latter elongated, in the disk longitu-
dinally elevated, with an intermediate channel. The an-
tenn are black, longer than the thorax, and pectinated.
The scutellum is rounded. Elytra striated, with obsolete
punctures in the stria, and punctulated interstices.
24
Fabricius mentions a variety of Elater cupreus with
simple antennz, and an zeneous body, which may be the fe-
male sex of our insect. It is, however, not only distinguish-
able from that species by the colour of the elytra, but like-
wise by being broader in proportion to its length. Panzer
has figured it tolerably well, and appears to have been ac-
quainted with the other sex, the antennz of which he also
figures. Paykull says that he has seen a variety of the male
of Elater pectinicornis with cupreo-purpurascent elytra,
which is probably our insect; but it is certainly distinct
from Elater pectinicornis, being much shorter in proportion
to its size.
BW MA iets sot
Pi ‘ '
at “I aha ie ae ee ee )
aie, Sige i e j v
~—
SP Fl
73
od Aug.21606. Publish by Ja! Sowerby London.
25
TAB. LXXEE
GRYLLUS viridulus.
Green Grasshopper.
>
Class 5. Insecta. Order 2. Orthoptera.
Gen. Cuar. Feelers short. Antenne short, com-
presso-filiform, obtuse. No Scutellum. Elytra
linear. Posterior thighs formed for leaping.
Oviduct none, or hidden.
Spec. CHar. Thorax cruciate. Body brown, green
above. Inner margin of the elytra green. Belly
yellowish.
Syn. Linn. Syst. Nat. 702. 54. Faun. Suec. 874,
Fab. Ent. Syst. em, ii. 61. 59.
Acrydium viridulum. Degeer, iii. 480. 7.
Length of the body 11 lines.
Tus species is not very uncommon on sunny banks in the
autumn. Our specimen was furnished by the Rev. W,
Kirby.
The body is brown. The top of the head green, with a
longitudinal fulvous line. The back of the trunk, or
thorax, is green, and tricarinate, or distinguished by three
elevated lines, the lateral ones curved and white, the in-
termediate one rectilinear and fulvous, The thorax has also
on each side behind a black line or spot, through which
the lateral ridges run. The inner margin of the elytra is
green, the exterior white with red veins. The thighs in the
recent insect are green, but they fade to a brown.
IO; ey aah desis a
avis apaiibotana2, ot. onde. cory
. “ponies it beaicl a scien, ed }
O°. ge bbid 10 ender ish es
Fear a wore! Gok | enkoat2 ‘xmodT < sand a
~~ SG ‘crea 3 arta ol mega saith sods = ban:
; aah ae he dejwrottiig
ATE Sanit nk in b S03, oun nee ek
: Oy “Oe POT Sex See. dk fee
i) ® A ey aX stheslisbsisi' sacilegeetih y
*.. ai sat yd ods agit
fo —
.
“aah at ake di Fe ao idetirens Geli dot
WW tes at a8), 4 bs sonia wav fess
fy TAN Perky base o 1% a cai al
iK, vidacten ott cies ae
hae zit sha Ww io towns Pores loons
vals eat awwenhh atl cedoett Bea’ aia
amide duce soya wecauil Malt # Go mi
i nity alt Yo etyiant enol af UT 4
aiid eat satiety aT aaeviton Bron ati, doled!
Awe i 4 a abet ends juuct a)
|
i come
» e ri i + aes F i
1) en al hr OV
ie pe ae BS ae ea an ‘
i) a Ty i 3h * We .
‘ “i a eh 3 .
oj? diner aie Neer it ae
7s a Pini Kane uf? af, Aegdlie a aa ve
HP S00) dea -icc WOMPUAT onan hums ENN i
Hh 74 hi at Wats 4 a i a } ie (is
¥ Kiba as He eee ah edant Hianappnaeettl 00 at
et! = [ . w , A : i a
Basta ids.’ a a ee, Ht Dae oe hae At ea
Sa ee i ce ; iP iy hy aheve lag
i eae ti hin ee Ay Sat Uh) el
c 4 Fe ad Poy Biers Bh Faas: ut a a , a cet | are pe | tF % i
By eel 4 Th a if’ it |
j : hm : i Aen pee KE (ae eka
ae f t , ms : fe aha é Yer
f ay ne ts
f i “Oy, oa ij '
‘ Ld, hh, Q fit)
® af. ee soi ke Nee iy ‘ute? ;
j rian i date oe ler. hh, Peery ee
: = a . al a
yo 1 ma
t ik cise ( |
a i a { gi 7 ; : ' “i _ :
my! HEM 4 riui¢ i 2m i , 7 y ‘ .
y i by {i OVE Mee Oe ake ag oe: a ried
% 3 ia Ly | Via Sig The ; , F
‘ a
i rai
: ™% |
Pa LA
fet ; ie Py - ; Vi aa
i eat 8 “ea 1 ey ee , od ‘ i; ,
; - : ol Ph : if
' f Ory as : t J : 7 Dade 4
hy Us il eal mir figs, vai ie ee :
Ue #7 ipieda. wie ‘% gpa! we ~
4 : a? : ta
1
i : ‘ fi
i
ri 5 F il
- 4 4
Ba et ih
i Pe) tee
74
06 Publishi by Ja’ Sowerby, 1
27
TAB. LXXIV.
Fig. 1.—ACRYDIUM subulatum.
Awl-shaped Acrydium.
Class 5. Insecta. Order 2. Orthoptera.
Gen. CuHar. Feelers short. -Antenne short, com-
presso-filiform. Elyira very minute, lateral.
Scutellum elongated, covering the wings. Pos-
terior thighs formed for leaping. Oviduct none,
or hidden.
Spec. Cuar. Scutellum straight, longer than the
body; clouded before with black. Body griseous.
Syn. Degeer, iii. 484. 12. t. 23. f. 15. Fab. Ent.
Syst. em.i. 26. 3. Geoffr. i. 895. 6.
Gryllus subulatus. Linn. Sysi. Nat. 693. 8. Faun.
Suec. 884.
Length of the body, including the scutellum, 6% lines.
Tuts genus is more numerous in species than entomo-
logists at present seem to be aware of. Most of them are
regarded merely as varieties of the present species, and of
A. bipunctatum ; but they are distinguished from each other,
not only by the differences of colour, but likewise of shape.
The genus might be divided into two families ; one with a
straight scutellum, the other with an arched one, with the
carina or keel very much elevated. The present specimen 1s
most probably the Gryllus subulatus and Acrydium subulatum
of Degeer and Fabricius; although Degeer does not notice
the black clouds which distinguish the anterior part of the
thorax. Our figure is taken from a specimen in the cabinet
of the Rev. W. Kirby.
The body is cinereous, mottled with a darker colour;
the scutellum is nearly twice the length of the abdomen,
acuminated, with its central carina not very much elevated ;
its anterior part clouded a littte with black. The antenne
are pale, with black tips,
28
Fig. 2—ACRY DIUM undulatum.
Wavy Acrydium.
Spec. CHar. Scutellum of the length of the body,
arched, white, with a red keel, and two black,
undulated, interrupted, longitudinal lines. Body
griseous.
Length of the body 4 lines.
WE received this with the preceding. It is principally
distinguished by the red arched ridge of the scutellum, on
each side of which there is a longitudinal wavy line, nearly
in the form of an S, which towards the end is interrupted,
and then terminates in a short straight line. The dilated
sides of the scutellum are white. There is also a faint
white spot on the posterior thighs.
Fig. 83 —ACRY DIUM. nigricans.
Black Acrydium.
Spec. Car. Scutellum the length of the body,
arched. The body black. Posterior thighs with
a whitish spot.
Length of the body 33 lines.
a
Tus was also sent us by the Rev. Mr. Kirby. It is one
of that order in which the scutellum is arched and very
much elevated. The body is black. Antenne fulvous,
black at the end. Scutellum the length of the body. Dorsal
carina obscurely clouded with white. The margin of the
scutellum towards the end is pale. Legs pale at the base,
Posterior thighs with an irreguiar whitish spot.
ee a eR Jct dea a
a] ;
VP s ; . ' i
BRK: caeruneaite neice siete, Sate
ov al Pare: ori ok nero ite al ha ae a
es, if i Men Hath hot ae i : wn; ' Ms
ia | | | 7
oie a ai a a ‘9 4 | | ;
Hein mim iy feb Miva» _ sgt) AS Al . ‘
a ey saad € = ci
or wa ee iT
fe
Ite
Si Zz
Zz
P06. Pe
ud,
Cpe Ja
z
a
C7
na
Sowerd,
wy
Ze
erecta
29
PAB XY
TELLINA similis.
Class 6. Vermes. Order 3. Testacea.
Spec. CHar. Ovate, compressed. Both valves
diagonally striated five-sixths over the surface.
Beak not curved.
EE
Pernars this very distinct species of shell may now be in
many cabinets among specimens of that very curious shell
Tellina Fabula, Gmel. 3239, among whichI met with this
when given me by my friend Mr. Charles Stokes, who
found them all at Brighton.
It differs at first sight from Tedlina Fabula in being
less acuminated, and not being curved ; which curve, and a
slight truncation, seem to have escaped the notice of some
authors, and would have been of little consequence but for
this species. This curve turns towards the obtuse or truncated
end, is bounded by an inner line or ridge terminating at the
hinge part, near the umbo, and this portion of the shell is
destitute of these striz. This end in our shell is rounded,
and has two ridges terminating at the umbo; one reaching
much further into the shell, and terminating the diagonal
striz, which are broader in ours at the opposite end of the
shell. These broad striz are more central in the Tellina
Falula.
30
One fifth of the margin of our shell shows the diagonal
strize, nearer approaching those of the common circles re-
ceding from the hinge. J. Fabula continues the same
throughout. Both shells are diagonally striated in ours,
and only one shell in T. Fabula; the other being remark-
ably smooth and polished, with but few of the common
concentric striz. Our shell is rather yellower. Both
require a magnifier to see the striz distinctly, and then
often show prismatic hues of a pearly nature.
bites oe ren
bi ” vi . ig AE bd ie ee
mob. fh? we a “hime viv a jane iat . :
On . aes 4 ve . (a, / tia Re
|
/
ip Gl .* odie ae 7) ae vi aan | A.
ae ee ie
wih a f ; ¥
bn. |
bei :
nf a
| ' reir ib vied Pe Aaa eng é
; ; . ted her Gal pia a8 Vy Ae gh " Lyin A half |
‘ cheno 0 binds sively A i al et Mek Hye 0) Ta 4 i 4
a Teathcad eae. Whe )
de Fae ae
Lote ieee i. rgigs Pwunte Vee, ee) ta” Tie re | ao
r ao jhe vat ee neat Re HAM PS UAE war Ty a | ' :
' Phi’ bie Als ae ae ee ae eee ea “a
‘ j : roe, See * 0, pean 4 wilh Pree, : | es :
mh, “08, 22) @& ot nN Cee ke 7)
oe ew ridh a oat, Nek Oy Rieti SAP Oe py,
Pi yg
ag ame TRY FAS OS a, be Sass: Eby! ae Aa ala ray
Sees ° 1 Riedy yas, Beat Thi Midori (a en
ye
ee > iia Diag SNe. gba A OP OLNEY 4.) 1 ° UK
Oe | eee
Lug£2.1806. PuBblithed ay Jal Mowerts, Loreen
31
PAB. EXOCVL.
HIRUDO circulans.
Grn. CuHar. Body oblong, truncate at both ends,
unarmed, cartilaginous, and moves by dilating
the head and tail, and contracting into an arch.—
Turton.
Spec. Cuar. Oblong, acuminated towards the head,
convex above, flat beneath, dull red.
I rowunp this curious Leech on the Thames side in 1800,
and I believe it is not very rare. It is excellent for showing
the circulation of the blood, through a curiously disposed
set of vessels about three quarters of its length, at one pulse.
The head seems to have two eyes, and the mouth is apparently
underneath, being a small roundish aperture. The animal
is about an inch long when stretched out, and only half an
inch in length when contracted. It is very flexile in its
motions; and, like all leeches, it can attach itself by its
posterior end, but at the head has less of that adhesive
property, and very seldom uses it. The upper side is
convex, and obscurely striated across. The under side is flat,
and appears nearly as in the magnified figure in the middle
of the plate.
satin ce
abet hod. is ( Sasa Rosso cee
sgnivalib vi. asvonr ee “auontyslires
luis os cint gat atta’ a yond
ae
¥ h ia) : ' ‘yee
@ +e a4
O08 ek anne Sth if 4a nak a soft a, ani
xtein oa rom wi dt
Afi socnopenly he? oe Bid 8 ‘goon
Tuqqa a tele sit} donee nite
a)
falar mont Maye deihavers { lea’ &
| : %
— Ve is Mak yltro ¢ bas tHe badass one
opeatia. taelt 1 a ved basil odd m4
ai obia aq ath dt a. soon
; he Roh 7 sha whay ay Bedi
Par Mal bali ts aig tt at ie
Bey ake rit
i A
ii’» |
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
TO
VOL. %
A Tab
Actinta CQUIT AT. hE Bor asiats. consis Gas oe eee 4
SEE ECE Oe On er Aner
ELA Ce OA OO RR APR Seren TD Mave AS
@mmophyla hirsuta. / vs ules 2 «= Sit senate 32 fowl
= pulvallatay <3.) 5 alate te tare ile (seis 56% BH BP
ATmphitrite Vertilabrumn) <2.) 0s «ein chee 12
AMMAS MISHHIOMICAY. <..9.)5. ghee lors s’'s'ianntelarcs Grete 6
NUENUUG sales nso Mahi tata «ic 2s apa es toh OF
eae NUIT OCED 5c oo) sl ayateoie ava'a“disyst ier ahd siagay at el shek ai ot
SING TOCA aiarcke clings sacha Md eivie scvehare: ome) stele 21
PADIS TAVAGOLIIS! h2. ch5 1521's lot ere' ala otal e) ave chars ate helenae 19
Bry lysis lity ani awe gece: Fascias a'e.e ¢ «oles she clerseis!e\c 53
UNGUGRIAGRCM OCCA i. ss eke alas Ge int w cir ciiciaileisia\ weve as 24
B
BAT UGSOCILEL stag aie ies wae a are tne alten ass
ST RERS Re cdiege eat NON eRe Re ar ep oye are ee
PBT UMONE S155 0 No, nou se Gy 970: Siseae lee ap oD ahs se ANS
C
EC AGRGlOE fUO=LO0LEd! on SUS PR a ass bee ae
Callidin: (ulmi ans 30.5 5 sisye s. «10 9 os.0 2 Po seo
(CST ga tel Oa ES OOP IAAL TO
Cb DIANE Sa. 5.5 Sa, SS tis «we eR ee
————. « Collier, de Terre neuve..........
@ancer Maja... ts «o ysayacewaus ys auatenels 39
-- horridus..... Sor room or on
z= S[VIEMIAIS <- cfatos's o\ el osnyn elm ine iete 1= viata etalal 23
Carabus anousiats;. 5 cic w/e's/aree/e\a steele Mave alae) oi 36
CHTYSOROMIOS ..,5, fein dale sic «He spuler stars, « 59
OLTLOMEUS, hc, «, covanle olallNatolcol ateha) xictvia wfevel stale
TNICONS os.) 5 cle citer e Tolckerelial sy cfhelebatetouslotepars Dy
Cardiunmy spiImOSUN ., 20.0 tae eiela sos oerea ae wes Soe
Gerambyx fulummansy, 4 Jess 2) cero «a a) entre ohele 58
Cidtaris Pap lata MOP op oiorci oko) oc aiss oii of Hmsiaen debe
Sicindelashybriday goassinsa5-aesiwas dane 18
—————— CEMATEUNALA Lo eee cer eeerncrecrecee
MULCULOEAK a, «0,010; of 31 oh ae Sof alee ss eet Ss
VOL. I. iP
134 ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Clytus fulmtnans < cacon. bom Shee eee
Coluber Dumifrisiensis<..\s. .ccie toe incase
Corallina aurieularizformis .)..)..... ie sanccues
Coralline,, Maltese tabulate :: 1... scsas o «Gs< 1b e.c
Corallium cretaceum lichenoides .. 2. .....002--
Courlis.: Ley verd ta. s a a kee ae ee eae
GNLANe is. s tht c oa leis se eects
Cuttle-fish, eight-armed 22. Wan shes oes vas
D
Demorselle dovde:werte. fos. chs culers's ces seein ak
Dragon lly, Meraie Pe edt tee A ot al tetas
—@$—————— SHAINEd. occ cece ec eceeeecs
Dy Pil CM OT PEED ofc eel d cis ciel artne.
Dich, dusky and spotted <3 8556 656: Wdseoaeee
De 1h gS pia Peet Rss (COE RM IDI AIO
—— little brown and white. ......00..20000-
ORUCENUIALS SENG t LS ese ee
SLOTLE I Ger eratoherayehcverciatcnvede cneteseyeuetel stent Aas
E
Echinus cidaris? vari.@ isc 23c odd tae dae 3 te.
EGS. SC. crocs a Seda as Selah a ASE Nae
Wilton eyamesrs 68 cis 76 ti ete het ict ocho eee te
kK
Falcmelhise cc. bao ie Soe Sheol ode ea aes
G
Corgomias slender css 5 Mite shew eles eee ee
VIMIMANIB Mit so Secreta charrette ok Oe eats
ba
FIED el0 0S SCG xh Feh\ Salis es ctoheto hist uhatot ohelc! ofatobrte tats
I
TUS, Bay oie oracle ar atel ornate) oat wat at abe haha! eV oral shobeh eye
Ichneumon persuasorius ........+. ctehetetntey detete
K
King Fish...... shoritzeu terol eke ange ee
L
Daplystadepilams 2 asta apicueo aetm ove atelave rape os 0
Larus alter fidipes nostras.s; us ten\cichos amend ee
Libellula conspurcatal 2 y+ :stonshoxslerstarorovans yes sieveiers
SU PENIER 1.) daveteechetetal beksletots voxstekeveromtelcerete
#) Wrineus Jonpissiiius: <2 55 er 105
PEO SICNCH Abs a5 a6 aldo 0.0 we a latem o's auhe eyore 5
Rannatula mirabilis? . oo ccne oemeosn wo ee a hele 25 51
Pibalcetic cel terat vs) ccefs sis.c,2 a cecie's six eho bee Sige bye She 2 59
=p) BNI (6) Toe | en Pee Oo Ae ed ee 28 57
= At Aatens x o oso cr cloisr a ane a's, parc Oe 14 20
MEA TIGAs oem a> 01 me, x % ol omit aieiaye eyennce Salve 37 75
mae SCHMPUUE os cs) Nacaie scenes ramen ete 55 157
Phatangium Diadematy.\1 0.8 iee else). Ses 20 4!
Malavope, FCA-NECRE. oo a ow roe ane nora yee 19
ae FEL oto enens avwaenssine ac wale 19
PHialanG beck b,. CORA bs omerare'owavemoneiiersvatavaxeoigy da } ;
$$ - 0UBE ccc cece eee cence 9
AIAKOPUS CUICTOUS. © inca ie «ja ptinve, si =) 070 Se 19
m= NY PCEDOVEMSs/ 0.05 oicia/ %e baw tieiee Means 10 19
= YF CSCOM Sera, ass Mat> lanl dics SMa in tale tole he 20
Physetembidens « -sF atta et Sa/Sac es vatew fe cteleinns 1 1
[Pimpin er RAUSOTUG. (ies oa 2 0/anlecete seta aye els eae 109
PIEUFOnectes THOMIDUS ccc eere hs cece eas qeyn 5Ol « 165
136 ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
S: Tab.
Sabella tubiformis..... ote, gloat a, a nla St Aen 108
Sand-Wasps MANY... \a0se. sagseryrcns. cess Mee ae 67
Sarcelle, La, de la Baye de Hudsone........... ll
Searabzeus LOVEACUS. «.<,«, «sy; csy>cay assis, 51 aie EE SSife12 71
PIODOSUB's so,..,0/s,2, ene oveyeradeuneies) sake MEE 34 69
PUMATINB,. os 6/5, +a em Het edeeyee 57 121
SPINIGEN .. 2s sial sis eects etayetottve Sor -taeeeneee B5ifivd 71
SeR=F CnaNSIeNer C8 ho, eA ck ieee ence tee aie 51
=e SLUT, “MUINEANAYER «25.25. 0 alias belo ecto eee 49
<= UIEONI | Sake cleve cinioie ais ceiale Saas et byetraias 17
weet U7 ON TIS.. wh hay wa; eeyesianias eles e tele Sota a 89
SEPIA OCHO MUS ete etna cpa 2. s oesavels, asso ae bye. ede Joya cole 48 101
Serpuilla peri metas oi oo. ashes lalehwley aM aaa, reall 31 63
Shrew-mouse, Fringe-tailed water............. 103
Shrimp, Spine-lacked,........ ie) ese 47
SUG, SD IUNIJNESSUULC 3s.5, aj0y e/slevacelstelot sie. area 5
Sponge, compact tubular ........ seb day cieonet crates 85
COPLCCILOLED cs ionre Bh wie gral ste oie oat. orator 129
Spongia cancellata......... ajatajaseievogeieac vers ieee 60 129
merce | COM PACLA aics5y0rniaverwuersh oj explo) erion ave}