FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE GENERA BRITISH FLOWERING PLANTS. BY W. BAXTER, F. H.S. ASSOCIATE OF TIIE LINNEAN, AND ROYAL MEDICO-BOTANICAL SOCIETIES J CORRESPONDING MEMBER, AND LOCAL SECRETARY FOR OXFORD, OF TIIE BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON J CURATOR OF THE BOTANIC GARDEN, OXFORD ; AND AUTHOR OF STIRPES CRYTTOGAM/E OXONIENSES. Fairest of all that's fair In nature's works are ye, ye wilding flowers. Moral of Flowers. vol. VI. OXFORD. PUBLISHED BY TIIE AUTHOR J SOLD BY J. H. PARKER; AND BY WHITTAKER AND CO. LONDON 1843. -V'QK V. (& \ — ■ - ■ TO CHARLES EMPSON, ESQUIRE, AUTHOR OF NARRATIVES OF SOUTH AMERICA ; ANTIQUARIAN MISCELLANY ; BRITISH PILENOGAMOUS BOTANY, IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, IN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF THE MANY MARKS OF KINDNESS AND FRIENDSHIP RECEIVED FROM HIM; AND AS A SMALL, BUT SINCERE, TRIBUTE OF REGARD AND ESTEEM, BY HIS OBLIGED, AND HUMBLE SERVANT, OF BATH, SCENERY ON THE ANDES; &c. & c. Ql\)is Uolumc OF WILLIAM BAXTER, Botanic Garden, Oxford, May 15, 1843. Beautiful children of the woods and fields ! That bloom by mountain streamlets 'mid the heather, Or into clusters, ’neath the hazels, gather — Or where by hoary rocks you make your bields. And sweetly flourish on through summer weather — 1 love ye all ! Beautiful flowers ! to me ye fresher seem From the Almighty hand that fashion’d all, Than those that flourish by a garden wall ; And I can image ye as in a dream, Fair modest maidens, nursed in hamlets small — I love ye all ! Beautiful gems ! that on the brow of earth Are fixed, as in a queenly diadem ; Though lowly ye, and meek without a name. Young hearts rejoice to see your buds come forth. As light e’erwhile into the world (ye) came — I love ye all ! Beautiful things ye are, where’er ye grow ! The wild red rose — the speedwell’s peeping eyes — Our own blue bell— the daisy, that doth rise Wherever sunbeams fall, or winds do blow ; And thousands more, of blessed forms and dyes — X love ye all Beautiful nurslings of the early dew ! Fann’d in your loveliness by every breeze. And shaded o’er by green and arching trees : I often wish that I were one of you, Dwelling afar upon the grassy leas — I love ye all 1 Beautiful watchers 1 day and night ye wake ! The Evening Star grows dim and fades away. And morning comes and goes, and then the Day W’ithin the arms of Night its rest doth take ; But ye are watchful wheresoe’er we stray — I love ye all ! Beautiful objects of the wild bee’s love ! The wild bird joys your opening bloom to see, And in your native woods and wilds to be. All hearts, to Nature true, ye strangely move ; Ye are so passing fair— so passing free — I love ye all ! Beautiful children of the glen and dell — The dingle deep — the muirland stretching wide. And of the mossy fountain’s sedgy side 1 Ye o’er my heart have thrown a lovesome spell ; And though the worldling scorning may deride — I love ye all ! Renshaw’s Pocket Keepsake for 1841. J^Ol I'ui^by WBudK Bo lam e Card™ Oxford ISI^C &fubh**'r 7. '•? <%' St (401.) SEMPERVI'VUM* *. Linnean Class and Order. Dodeca'ndriaI, Dodecacy'nia. Natural Order. Crassula'ce.e^, Decand. — Lindl. Syn. p. 63. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 161. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p.514. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 516 — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v.iii. p. 97. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 59 — Cra'ssulac, Juss. Diet. des. Sc. Nat. v. xi. p.369. — Succule nt.e, Linn. — Vent. Tab!, v. iii. p. 271. — SemperviVjE, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 307. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 162. — Rosales; sect. Ciiassulin.e ; type, Crassulace^e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 730, & 733. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1, a. and fig. 2.) inferior, of 1 sepal, concave, permanent, in from 6 to 12, more or less deep, uniform, fleshy, rather sharp-pointed, segments. Corolla (see fig. 1, h.) of the same number of petals as the segments of the calyx, and some- what larger, spear-shaped, pointed, channelled, equal, spreading, withering. Nectary an occasional, very minute, entire scale, at the base of each germen, on the outer side. Filaments as many, or twice as many, as the petals, opposite to them, but not so long ; when more numerous, partly alternate, awl-shaped, spreading. Anthers of 2 round lobes. Germens (see fig. 4.) as many as the petals, ranged in a radiating circle, oblong, pointed, compressed, each terminating in a spreading style, with a blunt stigma. Cap- sules (see figs. 5 & 6.) as many as the germens, and of the same figure, bursting along their upper or inner margin. Seeds numerous, minute, arranged along the inner margin, at each side. The 6- to 12-cleft calyx ; the corolla of from 6 to 12 petals ; and the 6 to 12 capsules ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. SEMPERVI'VUM TECTO'RUM. Roof Houseleek. Common Houseleek. Great Houseleek. Aygreen. Jupiter’s Eye. Bullock’s Eye. Jupiter’s Beard. Great Sengreen. Spec. Char. Leaves ciliated. Offsets spreading. Petals entire and hairy at the margins. Engl. Bot. t. 1320. — Curt. FI. Loud. t. 160. — FI. Dan. t. 601. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 664. — Iiuds. FI. Angl. (2nd edit. ) p. 21]. — Willil. Sp. PI. v. ii. pt„ II. p. 932. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 522. ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 350. — With. (7th cd.) v. ii. p. 590*. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 543. — Lindl. Syn. p. 65. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 219. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 124. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 89. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 251. — Sihth. FI. Oxon. p. 153. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 106. — Thom. PI. of Berw. p. 50. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 47. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 231. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed. ) p. 192. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 149. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 107. — FI. Devon, pp. 81 & 185. — Johnst. FI. of Berw. v. i. p. 106. — Winch’s FI. ofNorthumh. and Durh. p. 31. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 133. — Lindl. FI. Med. p.275. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 18.; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 41. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 39. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. Fig. 1. A Flower; a, calyx; b, corolla. — Fig. 2. Calyx.— Fig. 3. A perfect Sta- men.— Fig. 4. Fruit. — Figs. 5 & 6. Two of the Capsules. — Fig. 7. A tuft of Leaves. * From semper, always; and vivo, to live; from its continual verdure and tenacity of life. Leighton. t See folio 15, note +. f See folio 364, a. 170. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 42. — Leighton’s Flora of Shropshire, p. 305. — Mack. Cat. of PI. of Xrel. p. 47. ; FI. Hihern. p. 62. — Sempervivnm mc\jus, Ray’s Syn. p. 269. — Johns. Ger. p. 510. — Sedum tectorum. Scop. FI. C*rn. (2nd ed. ) p. *25. Localities. — On walls, and cottage roofs, frequent, hut perhaps not properly indigenous. Perennial. — Flowers from June to September. Root branched, fibrous. Leaves numerous, in tufts somewhat resembling a full-blown double rose, oblong, pointed, keeled, very succulent, the margins fringed with hairs, and generally tinged with red ; the outer ones largest, the inner ones gradually smaller. Offsets on long cylindrical, slightly downy footstalks or runners (sarmenta), globular, composed of upright leaves lying over each other. Flowering Stem from the centre of one of the rosaseous tufts of leaves, from 9 to 12 inches hisrh, upright, cylindrical, downy, clothed with many, alternate, sessile leaves, which are narrower and less succulent than the rest. Flowers large and handsome, of a pale rose-colour, in a terminal, many-flowered cyme, with spiked branches. Segments of the Calyx 12 or more, with a similar number of petals and stamens. Sir W. J. Hooker says, that “the number of stamens is in reality 24, of which 12, inserted one at the base of each petal, are perfect ; the rest alternating with the petals, small and abortive ; some bearing anthers, open longi- tudinally and laterally, producing, instead of pollen, abortive ovules! others resemble a cuneate pointed scale, in the inside of which, upon a longitudinal receptacle, are likewise ranged abortive ovules, in the same manner as in the real germen ; thus exhibiting the most complete transition from stamens to germens, in the same individual flower.” This plant is a native of Europe on rocks, and on the roofs of houses, but is considered to be not truly wild in England, though inserted in all the Floras. The juice of its leaves, either applied by itself, or mixed with cream, which is the best way of applying it, gives present relief in burns, and other external in- flammations; it is also said to cure corns. Mixed with honey it is a useful application in the thrush. The Dispensatory describes a beautiful white highly volatile coagulum, formed of the filtrated juice of the leaves, with an equal quantity of rectified spirit of wine. “ Sempervivnm tectorum is one of those species which are capable of growing in the most dry and exposed situations, often attracting its food from the atmos- phere much more than from the scanty source that its roots have access to. It is usually planted by being enclosed in a lump of moist clay, which is stuck upon the naked tiles of a cottage. In such a situation, the young plant first secures itself by putting forth a few roots into the clay, and then gives birth to a num- ber of little starry clusters of leaves, which surround their parent, and overshadow the place where the roots are to continue to develope ; in the first instance, pro- tecting it from the glare of the sun. and afterwards forming, by their decay, a soft vegetable mould, into which other roots may penetrate. They are enabled to effect this by the power which they, in common with all other plants, but in a higher degree, possess of abstracting from the atmosphere its impure air, or carbonic acid, which they convert fiom a gaseous into a solid state, by separat- ing the charcoal or sol idifiable portion, and liberating the vital air or oxygan that was combined with it. By this wonderous process, living plants become the great purifiers of the air we breathe, and it appears quite certain, that if it were not for them the earth would soon become so pestiferous asto be uninhabitable.” Lindley’s Ladies’ Botany * , v. ii. p. 106. * One of the most pleasing and instructive of Botanical books. I r v 4.02. \ \ ffalA**rj.3c (402.) COTON EASTER* *. Linnean Class and Order. Icosa'ndria f, Di-Trigy'nia. Natural Order. Poma'ce.e, Linn. — Lindl. in Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. xiii. p. 93. ; Syn. p. 103. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 83. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p* 597. — Rosa'ce.e ; tribe, Poma'ce.e, Juss. Gen. PI. p.333. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. pp. 171 and 172. — Rich, by Macgilliv. pp. 528 & 530. — Loud. Hort. Brit, pp. 512 & 513. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 405. — Rosales ; subtype, Pyrid,e, Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614 & 695. Gen. Char, Flowers polygamous, (i. e. some perfect and some barren on the same tree). — Calyx (fig. 1.) turbinate, with 5 short, egg-shaped teeth. Corolla (see fig. 2.) of 5, small, upright, nearly orbicular, concave petals (see fig. 3.), attached to the rim of the calyx. Filaments (see figs. 1 & 4.) 16 or more, upright, the length of the teeth of the calyx. Anthers roundish, 2-lobed. Germen (see fig. 1.) roundish. Styles 2 or 3, sometimes 4, smooth, shorter than the stamens. Fruit (see figs. 6 &. 7.) turbinate, or pear-shaped, with its nuts (see figs 7 & 8.) adhering to the inside of the calyx, but not cohering in the centre. The polygamous flowers ; the turbinate, 5-toothed calyx ; the corolla of 5, small, upright petals ; and the turbinate fruit, with its nuts adhering to the inside of the calyx, but not cohering in the centre ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. COTONEA'STER VULGARIS. Common Cotoneaster. Dwarf Quince-leaved Medlar. Spec. Char. Leaves oval, entire, rounded at the base, downy beneath, deciduous. Calyx smooth. Peduncles slightly downy. Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2713. — llook. FI. Lond. t. 211. — Lindt, in Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. xiii. p. 101.; Syn. p. 104. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 221. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p. 603. — Loud. Art), et Frutic. Brit. p. 670. fig. 620.; Hort. Lig. Loud. p. 49. ; Mag. Nat. Hist. v. vi. p. 55. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 74. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 251. — Cotoneaster folio rotundo non serrato, Bauti. Pin. p. 452. — Cotoneaster, Bauii. Hist. v. i. lib. i. p. 73, with a figure. — Mdspilus Cotoneaster, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 686.; FI. Suec. (2nd ed.) p. 169. — FI. Dan. t. 112. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. ii. pt. n. p. 1012. — Ait. Hort. Kew. (2nd ed.) v. iii. p. 206. — Sm. Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 268. — With. (7th ed. ) v. iii. p. 600' — Mespilus folio subrotundo.fr uctu rubro, Engl. Gard. Catal. p. 49. t. 14. — Chamccmespilus, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 1454, with a figure. Localities. — On limestone roeks in Wales. — Caernarvonshire ; On the lime- stone cliffs of the Great Ormshead, in vaiious places; 1825: Mr. W. Wilson. Above the village of Llandudno, on the roeks which overhang some copper mines, abundantly ; June 12, 183? : Mr, W. Christy, in Mag. of Nat. Hist. v. vi. p. 55. Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. A Flower, showing Calyx, Corolla, and Stamens. — Fig. 3. A Petal. — Fig. 4. A segment of the Calyx, with 4 of the Stamens. — Fig. 5. A sepa- rate Stamen. — Fig. 6. A Fruit. — Fig. 7. A transverse section of do. — Fig. 8. A Nut. * A sort of barbarous word, signifying quince-like. The quince was called cotonea by Pliny ; and aster a corruption of ad instar, is used occasionally to express similitude. Loudon, f See folio 100, note t. A Shrub. — Flowers in April and May. A small bush, with spreading or partly recumbent, round, leafy, brown, smooth branches; downy, and somewhat angular when young. Thorns none. Leaves alternate, deciduous, egg-shaped, or broadly elliptical, blunt or pointed, entire, about an inch long, and three-quarters of an inch broad; green, smooth, and even above ; white, cottony and veiny beneath. Petioles ( leafstalks ) short, downy, channelled above ; each with a pair of spear-shaped, pointed, chesnut-coloured, fringed, deciduous stipulas at its base. Peduncles ( Jlowerstalhs) downy, from the same buds as the leaves, and always shorter than them ; in wild specimens usually solitary and single-fiowered ; in cultivated ones often branched, with 3 or 4 flowers. Bracteas very small, red, spear-shaped, and pointed. Flowers (see fig. 2.) drooping, pale red. Calyx (germen of some authors) smooth, 5-cleft, its segments egg-shaped, blunt, incurved and woolly at the margin. Petals (see fig. 3.) small, but little larger than the segments of the calyx, nearly orbicular, white with a tinge of pink. Filaments (see figs. 4 & 5.) from 16 to 20, flat, and somewhat awl-shaped. Styles 3, sometimes 4, thread-shaped. Fruit (see figs. 6 & 7.) pear-shaped, crowned wdth the closed seg- ments of the calyx. Nuts (see figs. 7 & 8.) of the same number as the styles, bony, entire, each bearing one style from the lower part of its inner angle. It is a native of sunny paits of subalpine hills of Europe and of Siberia, but it was not known to be indigenous to Britain, till Mr. Wilson found it in a wild state at Ormshead, in 1825. A specimen of it is said to have been gathered wild, by J. W. Griffith, Esq. of Gam, as long ago as 1783, but it appears it was laid by and forgotten. In a wild stale it forms a shrub from 2 to 3 feet high ; but when cultivated it will attain the height of 4 or 5 feet. Mr. Loudon says, that if it is grafted standard high on the hawthorn or the mountain ash, it will form a very cuiious, lound-headed, pendent- branched tiee, as may be seen in the garden of the Hoi licultural Society of London, and in the Hammersmith Nursery. The fruit, which ripens in July and A ugust, is said to be fiist green, then orange, then red, and finally black. Its pulp is mealy, insipid, or slightly austere. Linn,fus recommends this slnub for making low hedges, in dry broken ground, as the roots run veiy deep into the eaith ; but, according to Mr. Christv’s ob- servations, it is liable to be browsed on by sheep. Three varieties of it are cultivated, viz. a. erythrocarpa ; 13. melanocarpa ; and 7. depressa ; the latter is rather spiny; in a the fruit is red, and (3 black, when ripe. The Natural Order Fomaceje is composed of polypetalous, dicotyledonous trees or shrubs, wiih alternate, stipulate, simple, or compound leaves, and cymose, white or pink flowers The calyx is bell-shaped, or pitcher-shaped, fleshy, surrounding the carpels, and adherent to them; limb 5-lobed, the odd segment posteiior. I he corolla consists of 5 unquiculate petals, itiseited in the throat of the cahx, the odd one anterior. 1 he stamens are indefinite, and are inserted in a ring in the throat of the calyx. The ovaries vary in number from 1 to 5, and adhere more or less to the sides of the calyx, and to each other. The ovules are usually 2, collateral, ascending, very lately solitary. The styles are equal in number to the ovaiies, each having a simple stigma. The fruit is a pome, consisting of the berry-like calyx and carpels. The carpels are caitil- aginous, spongy, or bony, of 2 valves, or indehiscent. The seeds are generally 1 or 2 in each carpel or cell (numerous in Cydonia, the Quince), upright, with a catilaginous (grisly), or bony testa (sperinoderm), without albumen. The cotyledons are oval and fleshy ; and the embryo upright, with a short, conical radicle. — The Biitish genera contained in this older are, Mespilus. — Crutcryus, t. 118. — Pyrus, t. 111.— and Cotoneaster, t. 402. Co/ri '/Hi' >1 putJ'h (403.) ASPA'llAGUS* Linnean Class and Order. Hexa'ndria f, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Aspuode'le.eJ, Dr. R. Brown. — Lind. Syn. p. 260'. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 273. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 539. — Mack. FI. Hib. p. 284. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 423. — Asparagi, sect. i. Juss. Gen. PI. p. 40. — Sm. Gram. ofBot. p. 71. — Asparagine.®, sect. i. Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 402. — Asparage.e, Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p.233. — Liliales; sect. Liliacin.e; type, Aspiiodelace.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 4 1 8, 425, & 427. — Sarmentace.e, Linn. Gen. Ciiar. Calyx none. Corolla ( perianthium§J (see figs. 1 & 2.) inferior, of 6 deep, equal, oblong, spreading, deciduous petals, combined at the base. Filaments (see fig. 2.) 6, awl-shaped, smooth, inserted at the base of the petals, and much shorter than them. Anthers peltate, upright. Germen (fig. 3.) globular. Style short, with 3 furrows. Stigma in 3 spreading lobes, deciduous. Berry (see figs. 4, 5, & 6.) globular, of 1, 2, or 3 cells, and few seeds. Seeds (fig. 7.) externally globose, with a horny albumen , and a transverse embryo, far out of the centre. The inferior, deeply 6-parted corolla ; the globose, 1-to 3-celled, few-seeded berry ; and the short style, with a 3-lobed stigma ; will distinguish this from other genera, without a calyx, in the same class and order. One species British. ASPA'RAGliS OFFICINA'LIS. Common Asparagus. Sperage. Spec. Char. Stem herbaceous, round, upright, without prickles. Leaves bristle-shaped, fasciculate, flexible. Peduncles jointed in the middle. Engl. Bot. t. 339. — FI. Dan. t. 805. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 448 — Iluds. FI. Angl. (2nd edit.) p. 145. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. ii. pt. I. p. 150. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 369.; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 152. — With. (7th edit.) v. ii. p. 432. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 185. — Lindl. Syn. p. 267. — lluok. Br. FI. p. 158. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 233. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 33. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 103. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 77. — FI. Devon, pp. 59 & 129. — Bryant’s FI. Diset. p. 52. — Phil. Cult. Veg. (new edit.) P- 27. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 95. — Loud. Encyl. of Gard. (1835) p. 847. paragr. 4260 — Bab. Prim. FI. Sara, p 94. — Irv. Loud. FI. p. 107. — Asparagus, Ray’s Syn. p. 267. — Asparagus sativus, Johnson’s Gerardo, p. 1110. — Mill. Icon. p. 37. t. 55. f. 1. Lora r.iriKS. — On the sea- coast, in sand y or stony pi aces. — Cornwall ; Mu 1 1 ion Island, near the Lizard I’oint, and hence the largest pyramidal mass of Serpen- tine rock, in Kynance Cove, is called Asparagus lslmd: Dr. Withering. — Devon ; Hanks of the Kxe, between l opsham and Lympslone : Miss Filmo he, Fig. 1. A Flower.- — Fig. 2. A Flower opened longitudinally, showing the six stamens. — Fig. 3. Germen. — Fig. 4. A Berry. — Fig. 5. A transverse section of ditto, showing the Seeds. — Fig 6. The same with the seeds removed. — Fig. 7. A Seed. — Fig. 8. A Seedwith the testa removed, showing the situation of the embryo. — Fig. 9. A transverse section of the/albumen, with the embryo. — Fig. 10. Embryo separate. ’ Fron Asparagos, Gr. ; a term originally applied to all tender shoots of plants. WmiuiiMi. t See folio 33, note +. i See folio 41, a. 1 See folio 33, note {. in FI. Devon. — Dorset ; Very common on t lie Chesil Bank; on the shores and marshes at Poole Harbour; and especially about the North Haven Sandbanks: Ur. Pulteney. Near the Ferry, and extremity of Portland Island : D. Turner, Esq. in B. G. Near Weymouth : Mr. Lambert.— Essex; About Harwich: Ray. — Gloucestersh. In the Marshes below Bristol : Merkett, in Pin. p. 11. lu the salt marshes below King’s Weston, near Britol : Dr. Stokes. Marshes near Thombury : Mr. Dyfr. Sea Mills: Miss Worsley, in N. B. G.-* Hants ; At Christ Church; and Freshwater, Isle of Wight: Dr. Pulteney. — Kent ; By the Thames near Gravesend: Mr. J. Siierard, in Ray's Syn. — Lincolnsh. In the rich Meadows near Holbeach, Long Sutton, & c.: Sir J. Banks, in B. G. Cliff near Hemsvvell, Spinal : Land. FI. — Norfolk; Butgh, near Beccles : Mr. Woodward, in B. G. Sea-shore, opposite the Monument: Mr. Woodward, in N. B. G. — Somersetsh. In marshes below Look’s Folly, two miles from Bristol: Mr. Newton, in Ray's Syn. Sand banks at Steart and Burnham, from 3 to 5 feet high, when in blossom: N. B. G. — Surrey ; Near the Mill, Waddon; probably not wild : Land. FI. — WALLS. Anglesea ; On a sandy hillock below Llanfelog: Rev. H. Davies. — Glamorgansh. Meadows between Cowbridge and the sea; and about Cardiff: Dr. Turton. — SCOTLAND. Haddingtonsh. Links near Gosford : Mr. E. Mauchan, in FI. Edin. Perennial. — Flowers in July. Root somewhat creeping, with long, stout, fleshy fibres; the crown densely scaly. Stems annual, upright, round, smooth, stiff, naked and scaly below ; much branched, and leafy above ; from a foot to 1 8 inches high in a wild state, in a cultivated one much higher. Leaves tufted, small, bright green, bristle-shaped, pointed, smooth. Stipulas solitary, membranous, spear-shaped, sometimes with 2 smaller ones within, the uppermost short and torn. Flowers axillary, 2 or 3 together, bell-shaped, drooping, yellowish-green ; each on a slender, jointed, drooping peduncle. Style very short. Berries globular, bright scarlet, about the size of currants, not eat- able. Seeds black. Plants sometimes dioecious, or even polyga- mous. A variety, in which the foliage is procumbent, is described by Dillenius in Ray's Synopsis, as growing on the sandy banks by the sea-side between Langwyfan and Llanfaelog ; and also below Look’s Folly, two miles from Bristol. It has been observed since, in the former station, by the Rev. H. Davies. Asparagus is a native of most other parts of Europe as well as of England, and also of Japan. In that excellent and most useful work of Mr. Loudon’s, the Encyclopaedia of Gardening, we are informed, that “ many of the steppes in the south of Russia and Poland are covered with this plant, which is there eaten by the horses and oxen as grass.” It is much cultivated, especially about London, for the sake of the young sprouting stems, which are uni- versally esteemed for their flavour and nutritious qualities. It is principally served to table on a toast, or ragou’d. It also makes an excellent soup, and is often cut small and sent to table as a sub- stitute for green peas. A very pretty little insect of the Beetle kind, Chrysomela Aspa- ragi, feeds upon the plant. ife-* . (404.) SILA'US* * Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Digy'nia. JVatural Order. Umbelli'ferje^, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 218. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lindl. Syn. p. Ill ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 517. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Card, and Bot. v. iii. p. 235. — Mack. F!. Hibern. p. 113. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 408. — Umbellatae, Linn. — Rosales ; sect. Angelicinaj ; type, Angelicaca; : subty. AngeliciDjE ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 770, 773, & 774. Gen. Char. Flowers nearly regular, imperfectly separated, the innermost more or less abortive. Calyx none. Corolla (see fig. 1.) superior, of 5, equal, inversely egg-shaped, oblong petals, entire or somewhat emarginate, with an inflexed point. Filaments (see fig. 1 .) 5, thread-shaped, rather spreading, as long as the petals. Anthers roundish. Germen (see figs. 1 & 2.) inferior, egg-shaped, blunt, slightly compressed, ribbed. Styles in the flower very short, after- wards elongated, spreading, cylindrical, half the length of the fruit, tumid at the base. Stigmas blunt. Floral Receptacle (see fig. 2.) annular, thin, undulated ; at first upright, afterwards depressed by the swelling bases of the styles. Fruit egg-shaped, a little com- pressed, somewhat contracted at the upper part, crowned with the floral receptacle, and permanent, spreading or recurved, styles. Carpels with 5 sharp, somewhat winged, equal ridges, of which the lateral forms a margin. Channels (see fig. 3.) with many vittce. Seed nearly oval. Universal Involucrum few-leaved, or none ; partial involucrum of several strap-spear-shaped leaves. The obsolete calyx ; the corolla of 5 inversely egg-shaped, entire or somewhat emarginate petals, with an inflexed point; the oval fruit ; the carpels with 5 sharp, slightly winged ridges ; and the channels with several vittce ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. This genus is nearly allied to Li- gusticum. One species British. SILA'US PRATE'NSIS. Meadow Sulphur-wort. Meadow Pepper-saxifrage. English Saxifrage. Spec. Char. Leaves thrice pinnate ; leaflets strap-spear-shaped, opposite. General involucrum of 1 or 2 leaves, sometimes wanting. Besser enum. pi. Vohl. p. 43. N°. 1367 .fide Don. — Gray's Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 523. — Lindl. Syn. p. 1 18. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 121. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Ganl. and Bot. v. iii. p. 319.— Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 101.— Bah. FI. Bath. p. 20.— Lightf. FI. Shrop. p. 127. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 25. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 118. — Cnidium Sildus, Spreig. Prod. p. 40. — Sm. Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 91. — With. (7th edit.) v. ii. p. 373. — Johnst. FI. Berw. v. i. p. 71. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. & Durh. p. 20. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 83.— Irv. Lond. FI. p. 196.— Cow. FI. Guide, p. 27.— Peucedanum Silaus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 354.— Engl. Bot. t. 2142.— Mart. FI. Rust. Fig. 1. A Flower. — Fig. 2. Germen. — Fig. 3. A transverse section of the Fruit. * A name used by Pliny, for an umbelliferous plant. Don. 4 See folio 48, note T. % See folio 235, a. t. 128.- — Jacq. FI. Austr. t. 15. — Hurts. FI. Angl. (2ml nl.) p. 11(5. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. ii. p. 140G. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 305. — Sibtli. FI. Oxon. p. 95. — Abbot's FI. Bedf. p 60.— l’urt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 150.— Kelli. FI. Cant. (3rd eclit.)p. 116.— Hook. FI. Scot. p. 88. — FI. Devon, pp. 49 & 166. — Mack. Catal. I’l. Ircl. p. 28. — Sium Silarts, Both. FI. Germ. v. i. p. 129. — Legvstium Silaits , Duby in DC. FI. Bot. Gall. v. i. p. 230. — Seseli pratense, Bauli. Pin. p. 1G2. — Seseli pratense nostras, Hay’s Syn. p 216. — Saxifraga any licana, facie Seseli pratensis, Johnson’s Gerardo, p. 1047. Localities. — In moist meadows and pastures; frequent. Perennial. — Flowers in August and September. Hoot spindle-shaped, wrinkled, blackish on the outside, white within. Herb smooth, dark green. Stem from 2 to 3 feet high, upright, branched, round, striated, leafy, solid, often of a reddish colour near the ground. Leaves twice or thrice pinnate ; their leaflets elliptic-spear-shaped, entire; either undivided, or separated, almost to the base, into 2 or 3 segments of the same shape and size. General Umbels of about seven unequal rays ; -partial ones small, of from twelve to twenty rays, and upwards. General Invo- lucrum of one or two leaves, frequently wanting ; partial Involu- crums of several strap-shnped leaves, which are often deep purple or black at the ends. Flowers pale yellow or greenish white, with a thin floral receptacle, at first green, and upright, but as the fruit advances, spreading, depressed, confluent with the broad convex bases of the styles, and assuming their reddish colour. Fruit roundish egg-shaped. It is a native of humid meadows in most other parts of Europe as well as in Britain ; and also in Siberia. The whole plant is foetid when bruised, and has been supposed to give a bad flavour to milk and butter; but Sir J. E. Smith says cattle certainly do not eat it, except accidently, or in small quantities, sufficient per- haps to have the effect in question. Where this plant abounds in pastures, it may be found partially cropped, though generally left almost entire. Who that has thought, hut must confess Whatever he beholds is right ? Thou lov’st the Maker not, unless His works delight. Who that has eyes, but needs must read. Traced on each leaf of every tree. His wond’rous name, who all decreed. And bade all be ! F. From the Persian of Sadi. (405.) CARLI'NA* *. Linn. Class Sf Order. Syngene'sia f, Polyga'mia,$!qualis+. Natural Order. Compo'sit.e§, tribe, Cynarocephalas, Juss. — Lindl. Syn. pp. 140 & 152 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 197 and 200.— Mack. FI. Hibern. pp. 142 & 154.— Hook. Brit FI. (4th edit.) p. 410. — Compo'sit.e ; subord. Cardua'ce.e; Loud. Hort. Brit. pp. 520 &521. — Synanthe're.e ; tribe, Cynarocephale ; Rich, by Macgilliv. pp. 454 & 455. — Cinarocephal.e, sect. 1. Juss. Gen. PI. pp. 171 & 172. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 121.; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 334. — Syringales ; type, Cynarace.e; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 900 & 931. — Compo'sita?, Linn. Gev. Char. Involucrum ( common calyx) (see fig. 1.) cylin- drical, somewhat tumid, imbricated; the outer scales (fig. l,a.) sinuated, with numerous spines, spreading at the points ; the inner generally simple and acute ; the innermost (fig. 1, b.) much longer, coloured, polished, strap-shaped, spreading horizontally in a circle, and resembling radiant florets. Corolla compound, uniform, flat ; florets numerous, tubular (see figs. 2 & 3.), equal, all on a level, funnel-shaped, perfect ; limb in 5 deep, upright segments. Fila- ments (see fig. 4 ) 5, hair-like, very short. Anthers (see fig. 4, a.) in a cylindrical tube, easily separating, each with two deflexed bristles at the base. Germen (see fig. 4, b.) inversely egg-shaped. Style (see fig. 4, c.) thread-shaped, scarcely extending beyond the anthers. Stigma (see fig. 4, d.) oblong, either divided or entire. Seed-vessel none but the unaltered calyx. Seed conical, roughish, blunt. Pappus (see fig. 4, e.) feathery. Receptacle (see fig. 6.) flat, beset with strap-shaped, chaffy scales, which are split at the top into many bristle-like segments (see fig. 7). The imbricated, tumid involucrum, with the outer scales spinous, and the inner coloured, polished, and resembling a ray ; the feathery pappus; and the chaffy receptacle; will distinguish this from other genera, with a corolla formed of all tubular florets, in the same class and order. One species British. CARLFNA VULGA'RIS. • Common Carline-thistle. Common Carline. Spec. Char. Stem many-flowered, corymbose, cottony. Leaves spear-shaped, unequally spinous and sinuated, downy beneath. Engl. Bot. t. 1144.— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1161. ; Ft. Suec. p. 282.— Huds. Ft. Angl. (2ml edit.) p. 355.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. III. p. 1696— Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 857. ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 397. — With. (7th edit.) v. iii. p. 917. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 440.— Lindl. Syn. p. 154. — Ilook. Brit.- FI. p. 353.— Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. Fig. 1. A Flower ; a. outer scales of the involucrum ; 6. innermost scales of ditto. — Figs. 2 & 3. Separate Florets. — Fig. 4. Stamens and Pistil ; a. anthers ; b. germen; c. style; d. stigma; e. a single ray of the pappus. — Fig. 5. A Seed, with its pappus. — Fig. 6. Section of the Receptacle, showing the chaff, &c. — Fig. 7. One of the chaffy Scales of the Receptacle. * Contracted from Carolina, from tradition that the plant was shown liy an angel to Charlemaone, as a remedy for the plague, which prevailed in his army. + See folio 91, n. +. t See folio 147, n. {. } See folio 27, a. p. 136.— Lightf FI. Scot. v. i. p. 460.— Sil.tli. FI. Oxon. p. 247.— Abbot’* FI. Bi'ilf. p. 177. — Thoms. FI. Berw. p. 82.— Davies’ Welsh But. p. 76. — Purt. Midi. FI. V. ii. p. 385.— Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd edit.) p. 333.— Hook. FI. Scot. p. 338 —FI. Devon, pp. 134 & 157. — Johnst. FI. Berw. v. i. p. 180. — Winch’s FI. ofNorthumb. and Durh. p. 53. — Walker’s FI. of O.xf. p. 233 — Perry’s PI. Yarvic. Sel. p. 68. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 28. ; Prim. FI. Sam. p 54. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 50. — Iry. Lond. FI. p. 149. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 70. — Cow. FI. (Juide, p. 26. — Leigh. FI. of Shropsh. p. 404. — Mack. Cat. Pi. Irel. p. 72. ; FI. Hibirn. p. 156. — Carlina sylvestris qui- busdam, aliis Atractylis , Ray’s Syn. p. 175. — Bank. Hist. v. iii. pt. i. lib. 25. p. 81. — Carlina sylvestris major, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 1159. Localities. — In dry hilly pastures and fields ; frequent. Biennial. — Flowers in June and July. Root tapering, small, with a few stiff fibres. Stem upright, from 10 to 15 inches high, tumid just above the root, cylindrical, ribbed, leafy, purple, slightly downy, somewhat corymbose. Leaves alter- nate, more or less stem-clasping, spear-shaped, sinuated and wavy, green, veiny, rigid, the margins armed with numerous yellow prickles ; smooth above, usually downy or woolly beneath. Flowers rather handsome, terminal, solitary, of a singular aspect, and not inelegantly variegated. Invohicruni imbricated, more or less cottony ; outer scales (fig. 1 , «.) spear-shaped, acute, lax, their margins armed with simple and branched prickles ; innermost scales strap-shaped, unarmed, entire, membranous, cream-coloured, polished, forming a ray to the flowers, hygrometrical, changing their position according to the moisture of the atmosphere. Florets numerous, red at the top, straw-coloured below. Anthers with 2 bristles at the base. Stiymas yellow. Pappus (see fig. 5.) sessile, feathery, awl-shaped at the base, a little above which it usually divides into 3 or 4 bristle-shaped, feathery branches (fig. 4, e.) Scales of the Receptacle as long as the florets, divided in the upper part into several bristle-like segments (fig. 7). This species is said to be a native throughout the whole of Europe, in dry, sandy pastures. Its presence indicates a very barren soil. When it is confined to local spots hand-weeding, Mr. Holdich says, may be serviceable ; but when spreading generally, he recommends the farmer to lose no time in using the plough, harrow, arid horse-hoe, and a judicious course of cleansing crops before returning the land to permanent pasture. According to the observations of Linnahjs, goats eat this plant, but cows refuse it. It was formerly much extolled as a remedy in hysterical cases, but it has now wholly fallen into disuse. Its floweis expand in dry, and close in moist weather, and, as they retain this property for a long time, they are often fixed against the cottage doors in Germany, France, and Spain, by way of hygrometers. The spreading tuft of down with which the seeds are crowned, and liy which they are wafted through the air, did not escape the uotice of Ossian, who fanci- fully desciibes "the Zephrys* sporting on the plain, pursuing the Thistle’s beard.” The whole plant is of a dry and rigid habit, and after it has perfected its seeds turns white and shrivel.-, in which state it ofien remains through the winter, or even second year, as Linst-us observes, a mournful spectacle. (406.) H Y POCHCE'RIS * *. ljinnp.au Class Order. Sync ene^ia^Polyg a;mi a,iEqualis Natural Order. Compo'sita;§, (Linn.) tribe, Cichora'cea:, Lindl. Syn. pp. 140 & 156.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 197 and 201. — Loud. Hort. Brit. pp. 520 and 521. — Mack. FI. Hibern. pp. 142 & 159.— Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 410.— Cichora'ce.e, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 158.— Sin. Gr. ofBot. p. 120.— Synanthe're.e, Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 454.— Syrincales ; subord. Asterosa: ; type, Cic Horaces ; Burn. Outl. ofBot. pp. 900, 901, & 935. Gen. Char. Involucrum (common calyx) (fig. l,a„) oblong, imbricated, with spear-shaped, pointed scales, the outer ones gra- dually smaller, all permanent, unchanged. Corolla (fig. 1, b.) compound, of numerous, imbricated, uniform, perfect, strap-shaped, blunt, 5-toothed florets (fig. 2.). Filaments (see fig. 3.) 5, hair-like, very short. Anthers (see fig. 3.) in a cylindrical tube. Germen (see figs. 2 & 3.) inversely egg-shaped. Style (see figs, 2 & 3.) thread-shaped, prominent. Stigmas recurved. Seed-vessel none, except the permanent, finally spreading, or reflexed calyx. Seed (see fig. 5.) oblong, striated, often beaked. Pappus (see figs. 4 & 5.) feathery, stalked, or partly sessile. Receptacle chaffy, with strap- spear-shaped, smooth scales (see fig. 6.), as long as the seeds, or longer. The oblong, imbricated involucrum ; the striated, often beaked, seed ; the feathery pappus ; and the chaffy receptacle ; will dis- tinguish this from other genera, with all strap-shaped florets, in the same class and order. Three species British. HYPOCHCE'RIS RADICATA. Long-rooted Cat’s Tongue. Cat’s Ear. Rough Branched Dandelion. Spec. Char. Stem branched, leafless, smooth. Peduncles with small scales. Leaves runcinate, bluntish, rough. Pappus of all the seeds stalked. Engl. Bot. t. 831. — Curt. FI. Loml. t. 153. — FI. Dan. t. 150. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1140. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd edit.) p. 347. — Willd.Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. III. p. 1622. — Sni. FI. Brit. v. ii. p.(842. ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 376. — With. (7th ed. ) v. iii. p. 903. — Lindl. Syn. (1st edit.) p. 161. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 348. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 443. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 242. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 172 — Thoms. PI. of Berw. p. 80. — Davies' Welsh Bot. p. 75. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. ii. p. 377. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 326. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 234. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 170. — FI. Devon, pp. 131 & 156. — Johnst. FI. of Berw. v. i. p. 176. — Winch’s FI. of Northumbl. and Duih. p. 52. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 227 — Bah. FI. Bath. p. 29. ; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 56. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 50. — Irv. Loud. FI. p. 151. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 68. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 35. — Leigh. FI. Shrop. p. 388. — Mack. Catal. PI. Irel. p. 70. ; FI. Hibern. p. 165. — Achyropharus radicatus, Scop. FI. Cam. n. 987. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 427. — Macr. Man. Brit, Bot. p. 140. — Lindl. Syn. (2nd edit.) p. 161. — Hieracium longius radicatum, Ray’s Syn. p. 165. — Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 298. — Hieracium dentis leonis folio obtuso majus, Bauh. Pin. p. 127. Fig. 1. A Flower; a. the involucrum, or common calyx ; b. the corolla. — Fig. 2. A separate Floret. — Fig. 3. Stamens and Pistil. — Fig 4. A Head of Seeds, with their Pappus. — Fig. 5. A single Seed, with its stalked pappus or down. — Fig. 6. A Scale of the Receptacle. * From upo, Gr. for ; and choiros, Gr. a hog ; the roots being eaten by that animal. Hooxaa. t See folio 91, n. t, i Sec folio 147, n. J ! Ses folio 27, a. Localities. — In meadows, pastures, and waste places ; common. Perennial. — Flowers from June to September. Root strong, tapering, running deep into the ground ; brown externally, white and milky within. Stems several, a foot or more high, branched, spreading, somewhat angular, smooth, rather glaucous, without leaves, hut furnished with small, scattered, spear- shaped scales. Leaves all radical, spreading in a circle on the ground, flattish, oblong, bluntish,runcinate, the segments and sinuses rounded, rough with long white simple hairs, which proceed from little prominent points. Peduncles ( flower stalks ) longish, hollow, a little thickened upwards, clothed with small, scattered, appressed, awl-shaped bracleas. Flowers rather large, solitary, bright yellow. Involucrum of several, imbricated, unequal scales (see fig. 1, a.); the outer of which are short, the inner ones longer, spear-shaped, pointed, strongly keeled, smooth except the keel which is rough, with rather long, white, rigid hairs, and a few shorter black ones towards the apex ; the margins of the upper half minutely fringed, densely so at the apex. Florets (see fig. 2.) strap-shaped, blunt, deeply and acutely 5-toothed at the summit, tubular at the base, with a tuft of yellow hairs at the orifice of the tube. Seeds oblong, striated, tawny. Pappus (see fig. 5.) of all of them stalked and feathery. Scales of the Receptacle (see fig. 6.) thin, membranous, spear-shaped, taper-pointed, keeled, distantly fringed in the upper part. A dwarf variety, with a simple stem, or with only one flower, and that almost sessile on the side, sometimes occurs in barren soil. The flowers of this species, according to the observations of LiNN./r.us, open between seven and eight o’clock in the morning, and close at two in the afternoon. Dr. Withering says, it is the Porcellia of old authors, supposed to be a favourite food with pigs ; though probably not more so than some others of the same class; as Swines' Succory (Lapsana pusilla) , and Sow-thistle (Sonchus Oleraceous, 1. 147). “ Oh, flowers! sweet goodly flowers ! Ye were loved, in times of old, And better worth were crowns of flowers than crowns of beaten gold. They wore ye at the marriage-feast, when merry pipes were blown ; And, o’er their most beloved dead, fit emblems, were ye strewn 1 — The Poets ever loved ye, for in their souls ye wrought, Like seas, and stars, and mountains old, enkindling lofty thought 1 But — greater far than all — our blessed Lord did see How beautiful the lilies grew, in the fields of Galilee : — Consider now these flowers. He said, they toil not, neither spin, — And God, himself, the garment made which they are clothed in ; — In the perfectness of beauty each several flower is made. And Solomon, in all his pomp, was not like them arrayed ; — They are but of the field, yet God has clothed them as ye see ! — Oh, how much more, immortal souls, will He not care for ye!” Mart Howitt. i & ¥ by WB axlcr Botanic ear#**, CxfcrdldLI. Mazkews.Dd $c (407.) . SI'SON* * Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Umbelli'ferasJ, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 218. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 132.— Lindl. Syn. p. Ill ; Introd. to Nat. .Syst. of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 517. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 235. — Mack. F!. Hibern. p. 1 13.— Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 408.— Umbellate, Linn. — Rosales ; sect. Angelicina: ; type, Angelicaca: ; subty. Angelicid e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 770, 773, & 774. Gen. Char. Flowers (see fig. 1.) all uniform, perfect, and regular. Calyx an obsolete margin. Corolla (fig. 1.) of 5, round- ish, curved, deeply emarginate, indexed petals. Filaments (see fig. 1.) 5, thread-shaped, spreading, about as long as the corolla. Anthers roundish. Styles (see fig. 1.) very short and thick, each with a large, tumid, sometimes depressed base, permanent. Fruit (see fig. 2.) egg-shaped, compressed at the sides. Carpels (see fig. 3.) with 5, equal, filiform ridges, of which the 2 lateral ones form a margin. Channels with 1 short, club-shaped vitta in each. Seed very convex, flattish in front. Carpophore (central column to which the carpels are attached) 2-parted. Universal and partial lnvolucrum of few leaves. Flowers white, or cream-coloured. The obsolete calyx ; the roundish, curved, deeply notched, in- flexed petals ; the egg-shaped, compressed fruit ; and the carpels with 5 filiform, equal ridges, with a single, short, club-shaped vitta in each channel ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. SI'SON AMO'MUM. Ginger-seeded Stone-parsley. Hedge Honewort. Bastard Stone-parsley. Spec. Char. Stem upright, round, panicled, very much branch- ed. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets of the lower ones egg-shaped, lobed, deeply cut, and serrated ; of the upper ones strap-spear-shaped. Fruit roundish egg-shaped. Engl. Bot. t. 954. — Jacq. Hort. Vind. v. iii. t. 17. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 362. — Huds. El. Angl. (2nded.) p. 119. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. n. p. 1436. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 315. ; Eng. FI. v. ii. p. 60. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p 380. — Lind. Syn. p. 122. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 128. — Don's Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 286. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 98. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 97. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 63. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 151.— Relh. FI. Cant. (3rded.)p, 119.— FI. Devon, pp. 51 & 167.— Wineh’s FI. of Northumb. and Durham, p. 18. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 79. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 21.; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 42. — Trv. Lond. FI. p. 195. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 24. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 48. — Leiglit. FI. of Shropshire, p. 131. — Sison . five officinarum Amomum, Bauh. Hist. v. iii. pt. ii. lib. 27. p. 107. — Sison quod Amontnm officinis nostras, Bauh. Pin. p. 154. — Sium aromaticum Sison Off. Ray’s Syn. p. 211. — Sium aromaticum, Lamarck’s Diet. v. i. p. 405. — Gray’s Fig. 1. A Flower. — Fig. 2. A Fruit. — Fig. 3. Transverse section of ditto. — All magnified. * From sizun, Celtic, a running stream ; some of the plants formerly placed in this genus delighting in such situations. Sir W. J. Hooker. Or, from seio, seiso, Gr. to shake, as agitated by waters. Dr. Withering. f See folio 48, note t. 4 See folio 235, a. Nat. Arr, v. ii. p. 506. — Seseli Atnomuni, Scop. FI. Cam. (2nd edit.) v. i. p 2 1 't . N°. 355. — Cicuta Amomvm. Giant*. FI. Austr. p. 96. — Petroselinum mucedo- nicum Fuschsii, Johnson’s (Jerarde, p. 1016. Localities. — In rather moist spots under hedges, whore the soil is marly or chalky. More or less frequent in most counties in England and Wales. Very rare in Scotland, the only localities given for it. in Mr. Watson’s New Botanist's Guide, being Hirsell Lough ; and near Coldstream, Berwickshire. I believe it has not been found at all in Ireland, at least it has not found a place in Mr. Mackay’S excellent Flora of that country. Biennial. — Flowers in August. Root tapering, with many lateral fibres. Stem 2 or 3 feet high, upright, with numerous, alternate, rigid, wiry branches, a little zigzag, striated, smooth, leafy. Leaves dark green, smooth, pin- nate; the odd leaflet lobed ; all somewhat egg-shaped, deeply cut and serrated ; those of the upper leaves narrower, sharper, more divided, 3-lobed, often pinnatifid. Umbels numerous, terminal, solitary, drooping before flowering, upright when in flower, each of 4 unequal rays, seldom more, the middle one the shortest ; partial umbels also of few and unequal rays. Universal Involu- crum of from 2 to 4, spear-shaped, small, and slender leaves; partial one of about 4 leaves, still smaller. Flowers (see fig. 1.) white or cream-coloured, all regular and fertile. Calyx scarcely discernable. Petals broad, roundish or inversely heart-shaped, with an incurved point. Styles very short, each with a large glo- bose base ; and blunt, spreading, permanent stigmas, Fmit round- ish egg-shaped, broad, short, moderately compressed. Carpels half egg-shaped, each with 3 dorsal, not very prominent, ridges, at a distance from the border. This plant is a native of France, Italy, Sicily, Greece, &c., as well as of England. The whole herb has a peculiar nauseous scent when bruised. The dry seeds are warm and aromatic to the taste, and are put into Venice treacle, as a substitute for the real Amomum. " The more we extend our researches into the vegetable kingdom, the more will every susceptible mind be excited to proceed. We shall find the most deli- cate and elaborate processes in ceaseless progression on the mountains and in the valleys^the meadows and the recesses of out woods, all subject to immu- table laws. We shall find colours unrivalled, odours inimitable, and forms exhaustless in variety and grace, daily developed in the grand laboratory of Nature, demanding only to be seen to extoit our unqualified admiration, and leading us irresistibly to contemplate the glory of that Almighty Being from whom so many wonders emanate ; and ‘ Who, not content With every food of life to nourish man. Hath made all nature beauty to his eye And music to his ear;’” Dr. (Jreville. ' Pul? if W3**!cr Patame r.ardtn 'Jjfir'l W L'l'yi'mo/ M*th**s.2kl &£c. .^4v? - ?'??(/. 1/ v Til ?v5f M rl ' : ( | \‘.i A (408.) AMMO'PHILA*. Linnean Class and Order. Tria'ndria f, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Grami'neje, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 28. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 8G. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 7 1. — Lindl. Syn. p. 293. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 292. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 393. — Loud. Hort. Brit, p.542. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p.294. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p.426. — Gramina, Linn. Graminales ; sect. Festu- cin-s: ; type, Phalaridaceaj ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v.i. pp. 359 & 369. Gen. Char. Inflorescence panicled, panicle compact, spike-like. Spikelets (fig. 1.) single-flowered. Calyx (fig. 2.) of 2, nearly equal, spear-shaped, pointed, keeled, awnless glumes, the lower smaller, and rather longer than the corolla. Corolla (fig. 3.) of 2, nearly equal, spear-shaped, keeled, compressed, pointed palea , the lower slightly awned under the apex, with a tuft of hairs at the base. Nectary (see fig. 4.) of 2, minute scales, longer than the germen. Filaments (see figs. 1 & 3.) 3, hair-like, about the length of the calyx. Anthers cloven at each end. Germen (see fig. 4.) inversely egg-shaped, or oblong. Styles (see figs. 1,3, & 4.) short. Stigmas feathery, tufted. Seed oblong, pointed at each end. The close spike-like panicle ; the single-flowered spikelets ; the calyx of 2, nearly equal, keeled glumes , longer than the corolla ; and the corolla of 2 palece, the lower of which is awned under the apex, with a tuft of hairs at the base ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. AMMO'PHILA ARUNDINA'CEA. Sea Mat-weed. Common Sea-reed. Marram. Helme. Spec. Ciiar. Panicle cylindrical, acuminate. Glumes acute, tuft of hairs one-third the length of the corolla. Host's Gram. Austr. v. iv. p. 24. t 41. — Hook Brit. FI. p. 29. — Dirk. FI. Abrod. p. 22. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 95. — Mark. FI. Hibern. p. 296. — Ammophita arenaria. Lindl. Syn. p. 303. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 2G4. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sara. p. 107. — Arundo arenaria, Engl. Bot. t. 520. — Knapp’s Gram. Brit. t. 99. — Mart. FI. ltust. t. 32. — FI. Dan. t. 917. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 121. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd edit.) p. 54. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. I. p. 457. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 148. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 171. — With. (7th edit.) v. ii. p. 198. — Sehred. Germ. v. i. p. 221. t. 5. f. 2. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 107. — Thoms. PI. of Berw. p. 15. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 12. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 27. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 17. — Sincl. Hort. Gram. Wob. p. 371, with a plate. — FI. Devon, pp. 13 & 121. — Johnst. FI. of Berw. v. i. p. 29. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 8. — Murr. Northern FI. p. 47. — Mack. Cat. of PI. Irel. p. 16. — Calamagroslis arenaria, Roth. FI. Germ. v.ii. pt. i. p. 93.— With. (4th edit.) v. ii. p. 123. — Psamma arenaria, Roem. Syst. Veg. p. 845. — ■ Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 144. — Gramen sparteum spieatum foliis mucronatis longioribus, vet spica seralina, Ray’s Syn. p. 393. — Gramen spieatum, seca~ linum, maritimum, maximum, spica tongiore, Scheuehz. Agrost. p. 138. t. 3. f. 8. — Spartum Anglicanum, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 42. — Spartum marinum nostras. Park. Theat. p. 1198. Localities. — On sandy sea-shores. — Frequent on the sandy sea-shores of nearly all the maritime counties of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Fig. 1. A Floret. — Fig. 2. Calyx. — Fig. 3. Corolla. — Fig. 4. Nectary, Germen, Styles, and Stigmas. — Fig. 5. Section of a Leaf. — All magnified. From arnmos, Gr. sand / and philos, Gr. a lover. •f See folio 56, n. t. Perennial. — Flowers in June and July. Root jointed, extensively creeping, often extending to a great many feet. Plant glaucous. Culms ascending, 2 or 3 feet high, cylindrical, jointed, finely striated, very smooth, almost solid. Leaves very long, narrow, rigid, sharp-pointed, their margins rolled in so as to give them the appearance of rush-leaves ; furrowed, whitish, and pubescent above (see fig. 5.) ; dark-green, and smooth beneath. Sheaths lightish-brown, striated, nearly or quite smooth. Stipula (ligula) membranous, spear-shaped, pointed, nearly an inch long, mostly divided, or torn. Panicle upright, quite close, cylindrical, tapering a little at each end, straw-coloured, many- flowered, and so perfectly resembling a spike, that, without in- spection, it might be mistaken for one ; its branches short, upright, not much divided, close-pressed, angular, and rough. Glumes (see figs. 1 & 2.) nearly equal, spear-shaped, compressed, with a rough keel ; the inner one rather the largest, with a rib at each side ; outer one with a minute point below the summit. Palece (see figs. 1 & 3.) compressed, roughish, dull, of the same texture as the glumes, but rather smaller, and more ribbed, the outer one bearing a small, short, dorsal awn , below the top. Hairs (see fig. 3.) chiefly attached to the inner palea, and scarcely half its length. Nectary (see fig. 4.) longer than the germen. Styles (see fig. 4.) distinct, upright. Stigmas long, cylindrical, feathery. Seed oblong, pointed at the upper end. This grass grows only on the driest sea-shores, where it is of the greatest utility, particularly when combined with the Elymus arenarius, in binding the sands of the sea-shore, and thereby raising a natural barrier the most lasting against the encroachments of the ocean upon the land ; and also in preventing the wind from dispersing the sand over the adjoining fields, which is not unfre- quently the case where this plant is wanting. Many a fertile acre has been covered with sand and rendered useless, which might have been prevented by sowing the seeds, or by planting small bundles of this plant at distances of about a foot and a half apart ; a method introduced by Mr. Macleod, of Harris, in the Hebrides of Scotland, and tried extensively on his estate. For some interest- ing illustrations of its utility in this respect, see Cuvier’s Essay on the Theory of the Earth , (5th edit.) p. 28, and pp. 368 — 375. Mr. Woodward says, it is planted on some of the flat coasts of Norfolk to repel the sea, and is also suitable to the light lands of that county. He observes, that as soon as it takes root a sand-hill gathers round it, and thinks that some of our sandy cliff's may have thus originated. It is also supposed that this plant, together with a few others which seem designed by nature to bind the loose sands of the sea-shore by their creeping roots, or stolones, are the means of forming the low round-topped hills, called Links, along a considerable part of our northern coasts. Mr. Sinclair observes, so far back as the reign of William the Third, the important value of this grass, and Elymus arenarius, was so well appreciated as to induce the Scottish Parliamentof that period to pass an act for their preservation on the sea- coasts of Scotland. And these provisions were, by the British Parliament, in the reign of George the Second, followed up by further enactments, extending the operation of the Scottish law to the coasts of England, and imposing further penalties for its inviolability; so that it' was rendered penal, not only for any individual (without even excepting the lord of the manor) to cut the bent, but for any one to be in possession of any within eight miles of the coast. The inha- bitants of Newborough, in Anglesey, subsist chiefly by manufacturing this Reed into mats and ropes. It also makes excellent floor-brushes. In the outer Hebrides it is made into ropes for various uses, mats for pack-saddles, bags, mats, and vessels for preparing and keeping grain and meal; and, lastly, into hats. . . v 'f . ■ ' I'ub^by W Baxter Botanic Goritnfi^o^ ? jS’a iihws, CeUtSc. I (409.) GYMNADE'NIA* *. Linnean Class and Order. GvNA'NDRiAt, Mona'ndria. Natural Order. Orchi'deje+, Linn. — Juss. Gen. PI. p. 64.— Sm. Gr. of Bot. p. 81. ; Engl. FI. v. iv. p.3.— Lindl. Syn. p. 256 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 262.— Rich, by Macgdliv. p. 412.— Loud. Hort. Brit, p.536.— Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 274.— Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 224.— Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 425.— Palmares ; order, Musales ; sect. Orchidin^e ; type, Orchidace^e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 391, 437, 458, & 461. Gen. Char. Perianthium% ( Calyx and Corolla ) (see fig. 1.) superior, coloured. Sepals (fig. 1. a, a, a.) slightly concave, spread- ing or converging. Petals (fig. 1. b,b.) 2, rather smaller than the sepals, converging. Lip (nectary) (see fig. 1. c.) coloured, 3-lobed, spurred. flnther terminal, with 2 parallel lobes. Pollen-masses (see figs. 3 & 4.) stalked, with 2 naked glands. Germen oblong, or nearly cylindrical, furrowed, spirally twisted. Style ( column ) thick and short. Stigma a shining moist depression in front of the style. Capsule oblong, spiral: Seeds very numerous, oval, each in a light chaffy tunic, extending at both ends. The long spur ; and the naked, and approximated glands of the stalks of the pollen-masses ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. GYMNADE'NIA CONO'PSEA. Great Gymnadenia. Fragrant Gymnadenia. Red Handed-Orchis. Aromatic Orchis. Spec. Char. Lip in 3, equal, entire, blunt lobes. Spur very slender, twice as long as the germen. Tubers palmate. Gymnadenia conoesea, Dr. R. Brown, in Ait. Hort. Kew. (2nd edit. ) vol. v. p. 191. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 205. — Lindl. Syn. p. 261. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 373.— Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 227.— Hook. FI. Scot. p. 251.— Grev. FI. Edin. p. 184.— Bab. FI. Bath. p. 48. ; Suppl. p. 94.— Dick. FI. Abred. p. 52.— Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 75.— Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 429.— Mack. Catal PI. of Irel. p. 76.; FI. Hibern. p. 277. — Orchis conopsea, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1335. — Engl. Bot. t. 10. — FI. Dan. t. 224.— Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 385.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. I. p. 32.— Sm. FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 926. ; Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 23.— With. (7th edit.) v. ii. p. 32.— Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 518.— Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 11.— Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 193.— Purt. Midi. FI. v. ii. p. 422.— Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 361.— Johnst. FI. of Berw. v. i. p. 192.— Rev. G. E. Smith’s PI. S. Kent. p. 51.— Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 56. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 255. — Perry’s PI. Varvic. Select, p. 72. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 110. — Orchis palmata minor calcaribus ob- longis, Bauh. Pin. p. 85. — Rudb. Elys. v. ii. p. 212. f. 5. — Vaill. Par. p. 153. t. 30. f. 8. — O. palmata angustifolia minor, Bauh. Pin. p. 85. — Rudb. Elys. v. ii. p. 212. f. 6. — O. palmata montana maxima, Bauh. Pin. p. 86. — Rudb. Elys. v. ii. p. 216. f. 18. — O. palmata pratensis angustifolia major, Bauh. Pin. p. 85. — O. palmata caryophyllata, Bauh. Pin. p. 86. — Rudb. Elys. v. ii. p. 213. f. 8. — O. palmata angustifolia minor odoratissima, Rudb. Elys. v. ii. p. 213. .f. 7. — Palmata rubella, cum longis calcaribus rubellis, Bauh. Hist. v. ii. p. 778, with Fig. 1. Front view of a Flower ; a, a, a, the Sepals ; b, b, the Petals ; e. the Lip. — Fig. 2. Back view of a Flower. — Fig. 3. Anther and Pollen-masses. — Fig. 4. One of the Pollen-masses. * From gumnos, Gr. naked ; and adno, Gr. a gland ; one of the essential characters of this genus. -f See fol. 8, note +. t See fol. 387, a. 3 See fol. 33, note *, a figure. — Ray’s Syn. p. 381. — P. caryophyllata, Bauh. Hist. v. ii. p. 777, with a figure. — Serapias minor, nitente flore. Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 232.; S.gario- phyllata, ibid. p. 223. Localities. — In rather moist meadows and pastures, and in heathy bogs. — More or less frequent in most counties of ENGLAND, WALES, and IRELAND. — Most abundant in SCOTLAND, where. Sir W. J. Hooker says, it scents the atmosphere with its fragrance. Perennial. — Flowers from June to August. Root distinctly palmate, with several long slender divisions. Stem from 12 to 18 inches high, upright, cylindrical below, some- what angular upwards, smooth, leafy, hollow. Leaves strap-spear- shaped, keeled, pointed, bright green ; lower ones embracing the stem ; upper ones sessile, decreasing in size upwards. Spike cylin- drical, 3 inches or more long, variable in density, but usually loose, many-flowered. Bracteas spear-shaped, pointed, rather longer than the germen. Flowers of a uniform crimson or pale purple in every part, without spots, very fragrant. The upper sepal (fig. 1, a.) and the 2 petals (fig. 1, b, b.) closely approaching, their points bent inwards, and covering the style and anthers. Two lateral sepals (fig. 1, a, a.) spreading, their margins revolute. Lip or Nectary (fig. l.c.) minutely downy, in 3 uniform, equal, entire, rather deep, flat lobes. Spur (see figs 1 & 2.) very slender, twice as long as the germen, pointing downwards, curved, cylindrical, pointed. The two cells of the anthers (fig. 3.) are perforated at the base, through which the naked, large, and oblong glands of the stalks of the pollen-masses appear. The great length of the slender curved spur of this species will readily distinguish it from most other British Orchideae. It some- times occurs with a white flower ; and the Rev. G. E. Smith, in his very interesting account of the Plants of South Kent, mentions a variety with spotted purple flowers having been found at the Cherry Garden, near Folkstone, Kent ; and a singular variety with- out the spur, or rather with a short mucro instead, was found by Mr. W. Pamplin, jun., on Juniper-hill, near Dorking, in 1833. Gymncidenia conopsea is an elegant and rather showy plant, and is highly deserving a place in the flower garden. It likes a somewhat moist and shady situation, but, like most other Orchideae, it is not of very easy culture. Those who wish for information on the subject of cultivating this curious tribe of plants, will do well to consult Mr. Loudon’s Gardener’s Magazine, vol. i. p. 464—466. ; vol. ii. p. 285. ; and vol. vii. p. 306. The British genera of Orchideae are thus arranged by Professor Lindley. Section I. Pollen simple, or consisting of granules in a lax state of cohesion, Tribe 1. Neottje*. Anther parallel with the stigma, and erect. — 1. Goody- era, t. 309.— 2. Spiranthes, t. 63.-3. Listera, t. 357. Tribe 2. A rethuseje. Anther terminal, like a lid.— 4. Corallorhiza. — 5. Epipactis, t. 317. Section II. Pollen cohering in grains or masses, which are indefinite in num- ber, and waxy. Tribe 3. Ophryde^. — 6. Orchis, t. 213. — 7. Gymnadenia, t. 409.— 8. Pla- tanthera.—9. Peristylus, t. 387. — 10. Aceras, t. 305. — 11. Ophrys, t. 8. — 12. Herminium, t. 295. Section III. Pollen cohering in grains or masses, which are definite in num- ber, and waxy. Tribe 4. Malax idee. — 13. Ma taxis, t. 394. — 14. Liparis. Section IV. Lateral anthers fertile, intermediate sterile and petaloid. Tribe 5. Cypripedie/e. — 15. Cypripedium, t. 105. (410.) CNICUS* * Linn. Class Order. SYNGENE'siAf, Polyga'mia,^QUAHS+. Natural Order. Compo'sit^e§, tribe, Cynarocephal.®, Juss. — Lindl. Syn. pp. 140 & 152 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 197 and 200.— Mack. FI. Ilibern. pp. 142 & 154.— Hook. Brit FI. (4th edit.) p. 410. — Compo'sit.'E ; subord. Cardua'ce.e ; Loud. Hort. Brit. pp. 520 & 52 1. — Synanthe'rE-e ; tribe, Cynarocephala: ; Rich, by Macgilliv. pp. 454 & 455. — Cinarocephal.e, sect. 1. Juss. Gen. PI. pp. 171 & 172. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 121.; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 334. — Syringales ; type, Cynarace.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 900 & 931. — Compo'sit^e, Linn. Gen. Char. Involucrum ( common calyx ) (fig. 1.) tumid, im- bricated, of numerous, lanceolate, spinous-pointed scales, permanent. Corolla compound, nearly uniform ; florets (see fig. 3.) very nu- merous, equal, all tubular, and funnel-shaped ; tube slender, re- curved ; limb egg-shaped at the base, with 5 strap-shaped, nearly equidistant, segments. Filaments (see fig. 4.) 5, hair-like, very short. Anthers (see fig. 4.) united in a cylindrical tube. Germen (see figs. 4 & 5,) inversely egg-shaped, short. Style (see fig. 4.) thread-shaped, slightly prominent. Stigma oblong, more or less cloven, naked. Seed-vessel none but the converging unaltered in- volucrum. Seed (see fig. 5.) polished, inversely egg-shaped, with a slender, terminal, short, cylindrical point. Pappus (see fig. 5.) sessile, feathery (see fig. 6.), very long, united by a ring at the base, deciduous. Receptacle (see fig. 7.) nearly flat, beset with bristly, or very narrow chaffy, scales or hairs, as long as the tubes of the florets. The tumid involucrum , of numerous, imbricated, spinous-pointed scales ; the hairy receptacle ; and the feathery, deciduous pappus ; will distinguish this from other genera, with tubular florets, in the same class and order. It differs from Carduus (t. 177.) in the pappus being feathery. Nine species British. CNICUS LANCEOLA'TUS. Spear Plume-thistle. Bur-thistle. Spec. Char. Stem winged. Leaves decurrent, pinnatifid, his- pid, with variously-spreading spinous lobes. Involucrum egg- shaped, tomentose, its scales spear-shaped, spreading. Willd. Sp, PI. v. iii. pt. III. p. 1666. — Sm. Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 387. — Lindl. Syn. p. 152. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 351. ; FI. Scot. p. 236. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 172. — FI. Devon, pp. 133 & 157. — Johnst. FI. Berw. v. i. p. 179. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durli. p. 52. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 231. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 27. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 50. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 69. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 27. — Mack. Catal. PI. of Irel. p. 71.; FI. Hibern. p. 155. — Carduus lanceolatus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1149. — Engl. Bot. t. 107.— Mart. FI. Rust. t. 131.— Iluds. FI. Angl. (2nd edit.) p. 350.— Fig. 1. Involucrum. — Fig. 2. Separate Scales of the Involucrum. — Fig. 3. A se- parate Floret. — Fig. 4. Stamens and Pistil. — Fig. 5. A Seed, crowned with its Pappus. — Fig. 6. A single Ray of the Pappus. — Fig. 7. Vertical section of the Receptacle. — Figs. 3, 4, and 6, magnified. * From cnizo, Gr. to prick or wound. + See folio 91, note +. f See folio 147, note I See folio 27, a. Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 847. — With. (7th edit.) v. iii. p. 910. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 450. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 244. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 175. — Thomp. PI. of Berw. p. 81. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 75. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. ii. p. 378. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd edit.) p. 328. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 148. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sara. p. 55. — Leigh. FI. Shropsh. p. 401. — Carduus lanceatus, Ray’s Syn. p. 195. — Johnson’s Uerarde, p. 1174. — Carduus lanceatus latifolius, Bauh. Pin. p. 385. — Cirsium lancea- latum, Gray’s Nat. Arr, v. ii. p. 438. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 138. Localities. — In waste ground, pastures, and on banks by road-sides. Biennial. — Flowers from June to September. Root branching, fibrous. Stem 3 or 4 feet high, upright, stout, solid, branched, angular, furrowed, leafy, hairy or downy, many- flowered, with strong, spiny wings. Leaves alternate, sessile and decurrent at the base, long, spear-shaped, spreading; hairy and deep green above, downy and somewhat glaucous underneath ; deeply pinnatifid, their lobes spreading alternately, somewhat palmate, armed with stout yellowish spines. Flowers large, purple, generally solitary at the summits of the stem and branches. Invo- lucrum egg-shaped, its scales spear-shaped, dark green, smooth, strongly keeled, terminating in a rigid, narrow, spreading spine ; margins fringed about the middle with cottony down, which gives the involucrum a cobweb-like appearance (see fig. 2.) ; points of the inner scales upright and more appressed. Florets (see fig. 3.) tubular, tube twice the length of the limb, white, very slender ; limb purple, dilated, deeply cut into 5, strap-shaped, concave seg- ments, which are thickened and blunt at the apex. Filaments free, pubescent ; anthers bristly at the base. Seed inversely egg-shaped, purplish, smooth and polished, obsoletely 4-angled, crowned with a raised margin and conical obtuse appendage. Pappus (see figs. 5 and 6.) sessile, feathery. Receptacle with long hairs. Dr. Withering observes, that “ few plants are more disregarded than this, and yet its use is very considerable. If a heap of clay be thrown up, nothing would grow upon it for several years, did not the seeds of this plant, wafted by the wind, fix and vegetate thereon. Under the shelter of this, other vegetables appear, and the whole soon becomes fertile. The flowers, like those of the Arti- choke, have the property of curdling milk. Sheep and swine re- fuse this plant ; and neither horses, cows, nor goats, are fond of it.” — The Papilio Cardui , and the Thistle Ermine Moth, are said to feed upon it. The seeds are the favourite food of many small birds, It is a large and succulent plant, and is often too well known on strong lands. Professor Martyn tells us, that he has seen the air perfectly filled with the seed- down of the Spear -thistle, for miles together, on a windy day, flying along, till it was intercepted by a hedge, bank, or rising ground. Where it is seen in such abundance, the greater part of it is generally down without seed ; but for this the farmer is obliged to the goldfinch and other small birds ; they, however, usually leave enough to stock his grounds with this cumbrous and unwelcome weed, but as it is only biennial, it is readily destroyed by mowing it down before its flowers form seed. For some account of the beautiful contrivance of Nature for disseminating the seeds of this tribe of plants, see the second page of fols, 163 & 177 of this work. . *i • . (411.) PIMPINE'LLA* *. Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Umbelli'fer^:^, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 218. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lindl. Syn. p. Ill ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 517. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v..iii. p. 235. — Mack. FL Hibern. p. 1 13. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 408. — Umbellate, Linn. — Rosales ; sect.ANGELiciN.® ; type.ANGELicACE^: ; subty. Angelicidje ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 770, 773, & 774. Gen. Char. Flowers (see fig. 1.) all regular and perfect. Calyx an obsolete margin. Corolla (fig. 1.) of 5, equal, or nearly equal, inversely egg-shaped, emarginate, indexed petals. Filaments (see fig. 1.) hair-like, spreading, longer than the corolla. Anthers roundish. Germen ( see fig. 2.) inferior, egg-shaped, a little com- pressed, smooth, finely ribbed. Styles (see figs. 1 & 2.) 2, hair- like, somewhat spreading, short in the flower, afterwards as long as the fruit, or ionger, tumid, and nearly globular, at the base. Stigmas blunt, somewhat capitate. Floral Receptacle none. Fruit contracted at the side, egg-shaped, crowned with the swollen base of the reflexed styles. Carpels (see fig. 3.) with 5, equal, slender ridges, of which the two lateral ones form a margin . Interstices ( channels ) furrowed, with many vittce. Seeds convex, flattish in the front, lnvolucrum none. Flowers white. The obsolete calyx ; the inversely egg-shaped, inflexed petals ; the egg-shaped fruit, crowned with the swollen base of the reflexed styles; and the carpels with 5 slender, equal ridges, with many vittce in each channel ; will distinguish this from other genera, without an involucrum, in the same class and order. Two species British. PIMPINE'LLA SAXI'FRAGA. Common Burnet- Saxifrage. Saxifrage Anise. Spec. Char. Stems slightly striated, pubescent. Leaves pin- nate; leaflets of the root-leaves roundish; those of the stem in various strap-shaped segments. Styles shorter than the germen. Fruit egg-shaped. Engl. Bot. t. 407.— Fl. Dan. t. 669.— Jacq. FI. Aust. t. 395.— Mart. FI. Rust. t. 127.— Woodv. Mod. Bot. v. iii. p. 488. t. 179. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 378.— Huds. Fl. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 127.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. n. p. 1471.— Sm. Fl. Brit. v. i. p. 331. ; Engl. Fl, v. ii. p. 89.— With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 395. — Lindl. Syn. p. 121. — Hook. Brit. Fl. p. 126. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 292. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 99. — Lightf. Fl. Scot. v. i. p. 169.— Sibth. Fl. Oxon. p. 102. — Abbot’s Fl. Bedf. p. 68. — Thomp. PI. of Berw. p. 32. — Thornt. Fam. Herb. p. 304, the text only, the figure represents Poterium sanguisorba. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 30.— Purt. Midi. Fl. v. i. p. 157.— Relh. Fl. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 126.— Hook. Fl. Scot. p. 95.— Grev. Fl. Edin. p. 69.— Fl. Devon, pp. 53 & 168.— Johnst. Fl. of Fig. 1. A Flower. — Fig. 2. A unripe Fruit. — Fig. 3. Transverse section of a ripe Fruit. — Fig. 4. A Root-leaf of the variety dissecta. — Figs. 1, 2. & 3. magnified. * Altered, as Linn«us informs us, from bipennula, or twice pinnated, in allu- sion to the divisions of the leaves. t See folio 48, note +. f See folio 235, a. Berw. v. i. p. 71. — Winch’s FI. of Northurub. and Duvh. p. 20. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 83. — Lindl. FI. Med. p. 38. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 21. ; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 43. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 30. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 195. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 24. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 41. — Leight. FI. Shropsh. p. 130. — Mack. Catal. PI. of Irel. p. 30. ; FI. Hibern. p. 122. — Pimpinella minor, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 511. — Pimpinella saxifraga minor, Bauh. Pin. p. 160. — Ray’s Syu. p. 213. — Pimpinella saxi- fraga minor foliis sanguisorba , Ray’s Syu. p. 213. — Bipinella, sive saxifraga minor, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 1044. Localities. — In dry pastures, on banks, and on rocks, in a sandy, gravelly, or chalky soil ; not uncommon. Perennial. — Flowers in July and August. Root spindle-shaped, tough and woody, highly aromatic and pungent, not unpleasant, especially when dry. Stems from 1 to 2 feet high, upright, solid, cylindrical, striated, downy, leafy, varying much in luxuriance, usually branched above. Leaves on longish petioles, oblong, pinnate, veiny, roughish and rigid ; leaflets of the root-leaves roundish egg-shaped, deeply serrated and cut ; those of the upper leaves, and sometimes of all, simply or doubly pinnatifid, with acute, spreading, decurrent segments (see fig. 4). Umbels terminal, flattish, of many general and partial smooth rays, droop- ing when young, without any involucrum. Flowers white, small, nearly equal. Stamens long. Styles not quite so long as the germen, their tumid bases reddish. Fruit small, egg-shaped, ribbed. This species is a native throughout the whole of Europe, Tauria, Caucasus, and Persia. The great diversity in its size, and also in the form and divisions of its foliage, has occasioned some authors to make several species of it. The principal varieties found with us are the following : — a. Poteriifolia. Root-leaves pinnate; leaflets egg-shaped, roundish at the base, entire, deeply serrated or cut. See the accompanying plate. 0. Intermedia. Root-leaves pinnate ; leaflets egg-shaped, deeply and pin- natifidly cut, lobes egg-shaped, deeply serrated. y. Dissecta. Root-leaves pinnate; leaflets egg-shaped, bipinnatifid, seg- ments intire (fig. 4). P. 8. Dissecta. Silrth. FI. Oxon p. 102. Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p.68. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 512. — Lindl. FI. Med. p. 38. Dr. Withering remarks, that these varieties are occasioned by the different age of the plant, and the greater or lesser expansion of its foliage according to the soil in which it grows. He suggests, it is probable that the first root-leaves are the same in all, that is, simply winged, the leaflets egg-shaped and serrated ; that when these disappear, the lower leaves have wing-cleft, or doubly winged leaves, and the upper leaves become also more compound with the rest. All these varieties may occasionally be found growing toge- ther in the same locality. The root, which is very acrid and astringent, is used as a masticatory to re- lieve the toothache, and in decoction to remove freckles. It affords a blue essen- tial oil, and communicates that colour to water or spirit on distillation. A species of coccus, from which colouring matter may be procured, infests the roots. The Papilio Machaon, or Swallow-tailed Butterfly, one of the largest and most superb of all the British Lepidopterm, is sometimes found on this plant, on which, and on some other of the umbellifeite, the caterpiller feeds. tfdhun,bi.tS' I'ilI* hy WUax in c-J- > Gtrtftn OjorJ.lH!} 1 (412.) CALAMAGRO'STIS* *. Linnean Class and Order. Tria'ndria f, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Grami'nea:, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 28. — Sm. Gram of Bot. p. 86. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 7 I. — Lindl. Syn. p. 293. ; Introd to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 292. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 393. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 542. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 294. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 426. — Gramina, Linn. Graminales ; sect. Festu- CINA2 ; type, A venace.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 359 & 369. Gen. Char. Inflorescence panicled, panicle loose, Spikelets (fig. 1.) single-flowered. Calyx (fig. 2.) of 2, equal or unequal, spear-shaped, concave, pointed, keeled, compressed glumes, longer than the paleae. Corolla (see fig. 3.) of 2, unequal, membranous, ribbed paleae, surrounded with hairs at the base ; the outer palea largest and awned. Filaments (see figs. 1 & 3.) 3, hair-like, about the length of the calyx. Anthers cloven at each end. Gcrmen (see fig. 4.) oval, or inversely egg-shaped. Styles (see fig. 4.) 2, short. Stigmas (see figs. 3 & 4.) feathery, closely tufted. Seed oblong, pointed at each end. The loose panicle; the single-flowered spikelets; the calyx of 2 glumes, longer than the corolla; and the corolla of 2 unequal, membranous palea, surrounded with hairs at the base, with the outer palea awned ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Four species British. CALAMAGRO'STIS EPIGE'JOS. Creeping Reed-grass. Wood Small-reed. Wood-reed. Bush-grass. Spec. Char. Panicle upright, close (open in flower). Flowers crowded, unilateral. Glumes awl-shaped, with a rough keel. Outer Palea with a dorsal awn nearly as long as the glumes. Calamagrostis EriGEJos. Roth. Ft. Germ. v. i. p. 34. ; and v. ii. p. 91. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 151. — Lindl. Syn. p. 304. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 32. — Maer. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 264.— Sibth. F). Oxon. p. 37.— Bab. FI. Bath. p. 56.— Dick. FI. Abred. p. 22. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 94. — Leight. FI. of Shropsli. p. 57. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 297. — Calamagrostis lanceolata, With. (4th ed.) — Arundo Epigejos, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 120. — Engl. Bot. t. 403. — Knapp. Gram. Brit. t. 97. — Willd. Sp. PI v. i. pt. I. p. 456. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 145. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 169. — With. (7th ed. ) v. ii. p. 197. — Schrad. FI. Germ. v. i. p. 211. t. 4. f. 1. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 12. — Purt. Midi. FI. v.iii. p. 338. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 47. — Sincl. Hort. Gram. Woburn, p. 25. f. 21. — Rev. G. E. Smith’s PI. of S. Kent, p. 7. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 31. — Perry’s PI. Varvic. Selectae, p. 10. — Murr. Northern FI. p. 46. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sam. p. 107. — Arundo Calamagrostis , Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed. ) p. 54. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 106. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 25. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 27. — Gramen arundinaceum, paniculu. molli, spadiced, majus, Ray’s Syn. p. 401. — Bauh. Theatr. p. 94. f. 95. — Scheuchz. Agros. p. 122. t. 3. f. 3. B. — Gramen paniculatum palustre prcealtum exile, paniculd arundinaced, Pontcd. Comp. p. 56. — Herb. Sherard. Fig. 1. A Flower. — Fig. 2. Calyx or Glumes. — Fig. 3. Corolla or Paleae, with the Pistil, Stamens, and Hairs. — Fig. 4. Germen, Styles, and Stigmas. * From kalamos, Gr. one of the Palms ; and agrostis, Gr. a genus of grasses ; a barbarous denomination, and only admissible on the ground of its being now ge- nerally adopted. Sir W. J. Hooker. f See fol. 56, note +. Localities.— In shady ditches, moist woods, and in hedges. — Oxfordshire ; Magdalen College Copse; Tar Wood ; in a furze field between Bullington- green aDd Shotover-hill. Copse near Horsepath, by the foot-path. — Berks ; On the banks of ditches on the north side of Bagley Wood, nearly opposite to South Hinksey: 1827. — Beds. Sheerhatch Wood. — Cambridgesh. Madingly, King- ston, and Eversden Woods; Comberton; Wood Ditton ; Isle of Ely; Planta- tions by Fulbourn Moor ; Teversham Moor ; Hill near Linton, by the back road from Hildersham .— Cumberland ; Dunmallet, by the front avenue, rare.— Dorset; Wet ditches about Weymouth, and in Purbeck; in several places in the Vale of Blackmoor. — Durham ; At the foot of the N. branch of Castle Eden Dean, and by the Tyne above Hebburn Quay. — Essex; Epping Forest; near Salter’s Buildings, Walthamstow ; borders of the wood called the Larks, near Chingford. — Kent; In the wood, west of the Cherry Garden. In a wood near the High Rocks, towards the Wells. — Leicestersh. Martinshaw Wood, near Grooby ; Cloud Wood ; abundant in the Park at Bosworth ; also in Sutton Afn- bien Wood, the site of Bosworth Field. — Lincolnsh. Moist woods, not unfre- quent; near Gainsborough, in every ditch. — Middlesex ; Between Hornsey and Newington; in the old Park Wood at Harefield, and in the lane leading from Harefield to Rickmansworth, plentifully. — Norfolk; In Hethel and Ar- minghall Woods, near Norwich ; Earsham Wood. — Northumberland ; On the banks of N. Tyne near Warden Mill; in woods near Gilsland Wells; and in a moss near the Routing Linn, in the vicinity of Doddington. — Notts. Between Bulwell and Nuthall. — Shropsh. Side of a ditch on the borders of Aqualate Mere ; and near Battlefield Church. — Somersetsh. In a hedge by the road-side between the Monument and Tracy Park. — Suffolk; Bungay. — Sussex; Wet thickets, rather rare. — Warwicksh. Dunnington ; Salford; and Wetheley; in woods near Alcester; and near Allesley. — Worcestersh. East side of Perry Wood. — Yorksh. Leeds; Copgrove; in woods at Castle Howard, but very rare; in a little wood at Fawdington, near Helperby; Boroughbridge ; ditch near Monckton common field by Ripon ; commou near Thirsk. — WALES. Angle- sey ; Above the beach between Friars and Lleiniog; Lligwy Wood, &c. — SCOTLAND. Aberdeensh. In Braemar, several miles below Invercauld, on the south side of the river, among wood ; and on a steep bank on the north side of the Dee, a little below Manse of Drumoak. — Argylesh. Mac Lean of Coil’s Woods, near Tobermory. — Ayrsh. Dalrymple YVood, Ayr. — IRELAND. County of Derry ; Formoyle-hill, parish of Dunboe. Perennial. — Flowers in July. Root creeping. Culm (stem) from 3 to 5 feet high, upright, cylindrical, jointed, hollow, striated, furrows slightly pubescent. Leaves strap-spear-shaped, with a sharp, taper point, roughish, a little glaucous underneath. Sheaths very large, clasping, striated, scarcely rough, except the upper one. Stipula (ligula) spear- shaped, pointed, thin, soon torn. Panicle from 6 to 11 inches long, upright, purplish, its branches rough ; spreading when in flower, close afterwards. Flowers (fig. 1.) numerous, directed to one side. Glumes (fig. 2.) nearly equal, long and narrow, purplish, rough at the keel. Outer Palea (see fig. 3.) about half as long as the glumes, membranous, flat, with 2 rough marginal ribs at each side, bifid and rough at the point, with a dorsal awn about as long as the glumes ; inner palea much smaller, slightly bifid and rough. Hairs (see figs. 1 & 3.) as long as the glumes. A handsome Grass, but of little or no interest to the Agricul- turist. ted * aludosa, FI. Dan. t. 877. — Ophris diphyllos bulbosa, Lees. Pruss. p. 180, t. 58. — Ophris bifolia bulbosa, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 403. — Bauh. Pin. p. 87. — Chamceorchis lilifolia, Bauh. Pin. 84. — Chamceorchis latifolia Zelandica, Park. Tlieat. Bot. p. 1354. — Pseu- dorchis Loeselii, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 213. — Pseudo-orchis bifolia pa- Instris, Ray’s Syn. p. 382. — Orchis lilifolius minor sabuletorum Zelandice et Batavice, Bauh. Hist. v. ii. p. 770. f. 1 and 2. ; not 3, which is Goodyera re- pens\. — Ray’s Cant. p. 105. Fig. 1. A separate Flower; a, a, a. sepals; b,b. petals; c. lip; d. column; e. anther; f. germen ; g. bractea. — Fig. 2. Front view of a Flower. — Fig. 3. Front view of a column of an expanded Flower. — Fig. 4. The same column with the anther turned back, showing the stigmatic cavity and pollen-masses. — Fig. 5. View of the face of the anther without its pollen. — Fig. 6. A Capsule. — All, except fig. 6. magnified. — The dissections, with the exception of fig. 6, are all copied, and reduced, from Professor Lindley’s beautiful work, entitled, “ Illustrations of Orchidaceous Plants.” — The plates from drawings, by the late Mr. Francis Bauer. * From liparos, Gr. fat ; or unctuous to the touch. + See folio 8, note +• t See folio 33, note t. $ See folio 309, Localities. — On sandy bogs, among rushes; very rare. — Cambridgeshire ; Teversham; Fulbourn; and Sawston Moors: Rev. R. Reliian. Hinlon Moor : Dr. Withering. Burwell Fen: C. C. Rabington, Esq. in N. B. G. — Kent ; Boggy ground about Ham Ponds, near Eastry : L. W. Dillwyn, Esq. — Norfolk ; St. Faith’s Newton Bogs, near Norwich: Mr. Pitciifoud. Roydon Fen, near Diss: Mr. Woodward.— Suffolk ; Bogs near Tuddenham : Sir T. G, Cullum. Perennial. — Flowers in July. Root somewhat bulbous, bulb solid, greenish, covered with soft pale scales, increasing by one or more lateral offsets from the base, and sending down, from the same part, many simple, wavy radi- cles. Leaves 2, of equal size, spear-shaped, strap-spear-shaped, or sometimes inversely egg-shaped, quite entire, smooth, bright green, with one central rib and many small ones ; their bases elongated and sheathing. Scape f stalk J from between the leaves, from 3 to 8 inches high, triangular, smooth, naked. Flowers from 3 or 4 to 8, seldom more, in a kind of raceme, each with a small spear- shaped bractea at its base (see fig. 1. g ). Sepals (see fig. 1. a, a, a.) spreading, spear-shaped, bluntish, of a pale lemon-colour. Petals (fig. 1. b, b.) strap-shaped, rather longer and narrower than the sepals, likewise spreading, and of nearly the same hue. Lip ( nectary J (fig. 1. c.) of a deeper yellow, rather longer than the petals, inversely egg-shaped, folded, or channelled, wavy, or slightly crenate. Germen (fig. 1 . f .) inversely egg-shaped. Capsule (fig. 6.) upright, elliptic-oblong, angular, many-seeded. Seeds numerous, very small. As well as of England, this curious plant is also a native of Denmark, Sweden, and Prussia. It is one of the very rarest of our native Orchidece, having never been found either in Wales, Scot- land, or Ireland; and even in England, according to Withering, the Norfolk and Suffolk stations given for it, are very doubtful. The drawing for the accompanying plate was made from a specimen preserved in the Sherardian Herbarium, hut whether of British or Foreign growth, is not specified. Sir W. J. Hooker observes, that the flowers of this species are, in their general structure, very similar to those of the tropical and parasitical Liparis foliosa, figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 2709. THE WILD FLOWER. “ Sweet wilding tufts that ’mid the waste Your lovely buds expand ; Though by no sheltering walls embraced. Nor trained by beauty’s hand ; The primal flowers which grace your stems Bright as the dahlia’s shine. Found thus, like unexpected gems. To lonely hearts like mine. ’Tis a quaint thought, and yet perchance. Sweet blossoms ye are sprung From flowers that over Eden oriec Their pristine fragrance flung ; That drank the dews of Paradise, Beneath the starlight clear ; Or caught front Eve’s dejected eyes Her first repentant tear.” Chambers' Edinburgh Journal, U1S (415.) HELOSCIA'DIUM* *. Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Dig y'nia. Natural Order. Umbellt'fer.e^, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 218. — Sin. Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lind]. Syn. p. Ill ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 517. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 235. — Mack. FI. llibern. p. 1 13. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 408. — Umbellat.e, Linn. — Rosales ; sect. A ngelicin„e ; type.ANGELiCACE.E ; subty. Angelicide ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 770, 773, & 774. Gen. Char. Flowers all uniform, and generally perfect. Calyx (see fig. 2.) a 5-toothed margin, often obsolete. Corolla (see fig. 1.) of 5, equal, egg-shaped, entire petals, with more or less of an in- flexed point. Filaments (see fig. 1.) 5, thread-shaped, spreading, longer than the corolla. Anthers roundish. Germen (fig. 2.) in- ferior, roundish-egg-shaped, striated. Styles (see figs. 1 & 2.) 2, cylindrical, more or less spreading, moderately swelling at the base, short, permanent. Stigmas blunt. Fruit smooth, compressed from the sides, egg-shaped, or oblong. Carpels with 5, slender, promi- nent, equal ridges , of which the two lateral ones form a margin. Interstices ( channels ) with one villa each (see fig. 3) . Seed more or less convex, flattish in front. Involucrums various. Flowers white. The calyx of 5 small teeth, or obsolete ; the egg-shaped, entire petals, with a straight or inflexed point ; the egg-shaped or oblong, compressed, smooth fruit ; and the carpels with 5, slender, pro- minent, equal ridges, with one villa in each channel ; will distin- guish this from other genera in the same class and order. Three species British. HELOSCIA'DIUM NODIFLO'RUM. Knot-flowered Marsh- wort. Procumbent Water-Parsnep. Water-Skerret. Fool’s Water- Cress. Spec. Char. Stem rooting, procumbent. Leaves pinnate; leaflets egg-shaped, equally serrated. Umbels opposite the leaves, sessile or on short peduncles. Helosciadium nodiflorum, Koch. Umb. p. 126. — Lindt. Syn. p. 122. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 112. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 98. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 281. — Bab, FI. Bath. p. 21. ; Print. FI. Sara. p. 42. — Luxf. lleig. FI. p. 24. — Cow. Ft. Guide, p. 48. — Leight. FI. of Shropsli. p. 131. — Slum nodiflorum , Linn. Sp. l’l. p. 361. — Engl. Bot. t. 639. — Woodv. Med. Bot. v. iii. p. 494. t. 182.— Huds. Ft. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 119.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. II. p. 1432. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 313. ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 57. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 379. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 505. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 125. — Lightf. FI. Scot, v. i. p. 161. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 96. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 62. — Thornt. Fan). Herb. p. 296, with a figure. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 28. — Part. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 143. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed. ) p. 118. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 90. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 65. — FI. Devon, pp. 50 & 166. — Jolinst. FI. of Beni;. v. i. p. 69. — Hook. Bot. Miseell. v. ii. p. 409. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 18. — Walker’s FL Fig. 1. A Flower. — Fig. 2. Germen and Pistils. — Fig. 3. Transverse section of the Fruit. — All, more or less, magnified. * From elos, Or. a marsh ; and skiadion, Gr. an umbel ; in allusion to the place of their growth. t See folio 48, note t. J See folio 235, a. of Oxf. p. 78. — lrv. Loud. FI. p. 195. — Mock. Catal. PI. oflrel. p. 98. — FI. Hibern. p. 121. — Stum umbellatum repens, Johns. Gerarde, pp 256 Sc 258. n. 3. ; ex- cluding the reference to Delech.' Hist. Lugd. 1092. — Kay’s Syn. p. 211. Localities. — In ditches and rivulets ; frequent. Perennial. — Flowers in July and August. Root creeping. Stems procumbent, or floating, occasionally creeping, various in length, rooting at the joints, stout, angular, furrowed, smooth, leafy, hollow ; with numerous widely spreading branches. Leaves alternate, distant, pinnate, smooth, each of from 2 to 4 pair of sessile, egg-shaped leaflets, with an odd one, all equally serrated ; the terminal one largest, and sometimes conflu- ent with the next pair below it. Petioles ( leaf-stalks ) dilated at the base with a broad membranous border. Umbels opposite to the leaves, often nearly sessile, but generally on peduncles varying in length, but never equalling the umbels. Involucrums dilated and membranous at the edges ; general one of a single leaf, or mostly wanting ; partial one of several, egg-shaped, pointed, concave leaves, white with green ribs. Flowers small. Calyx very short. Petals white, egg-shaped, entire, slightly inflexed. Styles some- what incurved. Fruit roundish egg-shaped, short, smooth, with 3 dorsal, prominent ribs, and 2 remote lateral ones, to each carpel (see fig. 3), The juice of this plant is recommended in cutaneous disorders. Three large spoonfuls are given, mixed with milk, twice a day. Smith. — The leaves greatly resemble those of the true Water-cress, (t. 27 1 .) for which they have been sometimes mistaken, but they may readily be distinguished by the dilated sheathing base of the leaf-stalk, which is not sheathing in the Water-cress. The Green Polype, Hydra viridis of Linnteus, figured in Shaw’s Naturalist’s Miscellany, v. i. t. 20., is often to be found on the stems and leaves of this plant, under water. This extraordinary little aquatic animal was first shown to me, many years ago, by the late Mr. James Bexwell*. * Mr. Jamfs Benwell was, for more than forty years, emploved in the Oxford Botanic Garden. He was, although uneducated, a very intelligent man, and his accurate knowledge of British Plants, and of their localities in the vi- cinity of Oxford, and a singular talent for observation in every branch of Natural History, rendered his services highly valuable. lie attended the late Dr Joun SiBTiiottP, Professor of Botany, in his botanical excursions in Oxfordshire, when collecting materials for his “ Flora Oxoniensis,” published in 1794. and was the first who discovered the station for Paris quadrifolia, and one or two other rare plants, in the county. His integrity, and industry, and a natural propiiety, and civility of manners, gained him the respect and esteem of all who knew him. He died on the 7th of October, 1819, aged 84 years. A print of him, a very striking and characteristic likeness, engraved by Mr. Skelton, of Oxford, from a drawing by that excellent artist, Mr. A. It. Buiit, was published about two years before his death. I shall always lemember, with the most sin- cere gratitude anil respect, the kind and disinterested assistance I received from this honest and kind-hearted man ; and from another highly valued and lament- ed friend, the late Mr. John Maddox, when 1 first turned my attention to the study of British Botany. Mr. Maddox was, for many years, gardener at Christ Church; he was an excellent practical gardener, a great advocate for the Linn«an System of Botany, and a remarkably well informed man; he pos- sessed, indeed, such a general knowledge of the natural sciences as is rarely to botnet with amongst men in his station of life, lie died on the 8th of Aptil, 1828, in the 80th year of his age. It is remarkable, that himself and his wife died within a day or two of each other, and were both buried on the same day, in one giave, in the church-yard of St. Aldate’s, Oxford.— W. B. February 27, 1841. J*l6 Mall** wt, Dtl. tfS e. (41C.) A I' R A * * Linnean Class and Order. Tria'ndria f, Dicy'nia. Natural Order. Grami'ne.e, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 28. — Sm. Gram, to B >t. p. 86. ; Engl. Fl.v. i. p. 7 ] . — Lindl. Syn. p. 293. ; Introd. of Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 292. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 393. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 542. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 294. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 426. — Gramina, Linn. Graminales ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. p. 359. Gen. Char. Injlorescence panicled ; Panicle loose. Spikelets (see fig. 1.) 2-flowered. Calyx (see fig. 1.) of 2, nearly equal glumes. Corolla (fig. 2.) of 2, unequal, membranaceous and thin pale®, the outer palea largest, with a dorsal, slightly-twisted or straight awn, proceeding from above the base ; inner palea notched at the point, awnless. Nectary of 2, entire, smooth scales. Fila- ments (see figs. 1 & 2.) 3, hair-like. Anthers prominent, pendu- lous, notched at each end. Germen (see fig. 3.) egg-shaped. Styles short, distinct. Stigmas (see fig. 3.) feathery, large. Seed (fig. 4.) egg-shaped, loose, covered with the membranous corolla. The loose panicle ; the 2-flowered spikelets, with a calyx of 2 nearly equal glumes; the corolla with its lower palea awned near the base ; and the loose seed ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Six species British. AI'RA CARYOPHY'LLEA. Clove Hair-grass. Silver Hair-grass. Spec. Char. Panicle spreading, triple-forked. Florets scarcely villous at the base, shorter than the calyx. Awn inserted below the middle ; jointed, longer than the calyx. Leaves bristle-shaped. Engl. Bot. t. 812. — Curt. FI. Loud. t. . — Knapp. Gram. Brit. t. 35. — Graves’ Br. Grasses, t. 45. — Host. Gram. Austr. v. ii. p. 33. t. 44. — FI. Dan. t. 382. — Still. Miscell. Tracts, t. 5. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 97. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2uded.) p. 36. — Willd. Sp. FI. v. i. pt. i. p. 380. — Sm. FI. Br. v. i. p. 88. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 106. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 162. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 134. — Lind. Syn. p. 308. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 36. — Macr. Man. Br. Bot. p. 266. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 95. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 39. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 16. — Thomp. PI. of Berw. p. 10, — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 9. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 73. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd edit.) ,p. 33. — Ilook. FL Scot. p. 30. — Grcv. FI. Ediu. p. 20. — FI. Devon, pp. 14 & 122. — Johnst. FI. Berw. v. i. p. 21. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. & Durh. p. 6. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 20. — Perry's PI. Varv. Selectae, p. 8. — Bab. FI. Bath. p.57. ; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 108. — Murr. Northern FI. p. 54. — Dick. FI. Abrcd. p. 23. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 96. — Luxf. Eeig. FI. p. 7. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 19. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 60. — Mack. Catal. of PI. of Irel. p. 13. ; FI. Hibern. p. 300. — Gramen pani- culatum minimum molte, Scheuchz. Agrost. p. 215. t. 4. f. 15. — Gramen pa- niculatum locustis parvis purpuro-argenties annuum, Ray’s Syn. p. 407. Localities. — On heaths, hillocks, in pastures, and fallow fields, on a barren sandy soil ; frequent. Fig. 1. A Spikelet. — Fig. 2. A separate Floret. — Fig. 3. Germen, Styles, and Stigmas. — Fig. 4. A Seed. — Figs. 1, 2, & 3, magnified. • From airo, Gr. to destroy. This name was anciently applied to the Lolium temulentum /bearded Darnel.) on account of its injurious effects ; and now to the present genus of grasses, though having little in common with it. Sir W. J. Hooker. t See folio 56, note t. Annual. — Flowers from May to July. Root small, fibrous. Culms ( stems) slender, upright, from 2 to 6 inches or a foot high, cylindrical, jointed, smooth, leafy. Leaves few, slender, strap-shaped, short ; those near the root soon wither- ing ; sheaths smooth, purplish, ribbed and striated. Stipula fligulaj large, spear-shaped, pointed, bifid. Panicle spreading, trichotomous, few-flowered ; branches hair-like, angular, com- pressed, channelled, nearly smooth, slightly wavy. Spikelets (see fig. 1.) small, egg-shaped, silvery, often purplish-grey. Glumes (see fig. 1.) nearly equal, egg-spear-shaped, irregularly notched, rough at the keel and near the pellucid point, margins finely ser- rated. Palcae (see fig. 2.) unequal, shorter than the glumes, the outer one largest, spear-shaped, rough, bristly near the point and edges, bifid, with a rough, twisted, slightly bent awn, proceeding from below its middle, longer than the glumes ; inner palea bifid, with 2 smooth marginal ribs and incurved edges. This elegant little grass is of no value to the farmer, as it furnishes but little herbage, and soon withers away ; and unless it be sought for about the season of its flowering, it will not easily be discovered. The species most likely to be confounded with this by the young Botanist, is Aira prcecox, but that is sufficiently marked by its very small size, spike-like panicle, and the inflated angular sheaths of its leaves. The white-pointed glumes, and smaller spikelets, of Aira caryophyllea, will distinguish it from Aira Jlexuosa, another nearly allied species. WEEDS. “ Scorn not those rude, unlovely things, All culturcless that grow. And rank, o’er woods, and wilds, and springs, Their vain luxuriance throw. Eternal love and wisdom drew The plan of earth and skies, And He, the span of heaven that threw. Commands the weeds to rise. Then think not nature’s scheme sublime These common things might spare : — For science may detect in time A thousand virtues there.” Chambers' Edinburgh Journal. VaXknrtJJtl £ Zc (417.) CICHO'RIUM* *. Linnean Class §■ Order. Syngf.ne'sia t^oLYGA'MiA^QUALisJ. Natural Order. CoMPo'siT.Eg, (Linn.) tribe, Cichora'cevE, Lindl. Syn. pp. 140 & 156. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 197 and 201. — I.oud. Hort. Brit. pp. 520 and 521. — Mack. FI. Hibern. pp. 142 & 159. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 410. — CiCHORA'cEiE, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 158. — Sin. Gr. of Bot. p. 120. — Synanthe're.e, Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 454. — Syringales ; subord. Asteros.-e ; type, CichoracEjE ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 900, 901, & 935. Gen. Char. Involucrum ( common calyx ) (fig. 1.) cylindrical, double ; outermost of a few oblong, rather loose, shortish scales ; inner of 8 or more, longer, converging, strap-shaped, equal ones, permanent, at length recurved (see fig. 7). Corolla (fig. 2.) com- pound, of about 20 spreading, somewhat imbricated, strap-shaped, blunt, deeply 5-toothed, perfect florets. Filaments (see fig. 4.) 5, hair-like, very short. Jlnthers (see figs. 4 & 5.) in a 5-angled tube. Germen (see figs. 3 & 4.) inversely egg-shaped. Style (see figs. 3 & 4.) thread-shaped, as long as the stamens. Stigmas revolute. Seed-vessel none, except the converging calyx. Seed (see figs. 5 & 6.) top-shaped, striated, blunt, Pappus (down) (see fig. 6.) sessile, scaly, shorter than the seed. Receptacle (see fig. 8.) naked or rather hairy. The involucrum of about 8 scales, surrounded by 5 smaller ones at the base ; the top-shaped, striated seeds ; the sessile, scaly pappus, shorter than the seed ; and the naked or slightly hairy receptacle ; will distinguish this from other genera, with all the florets strap-shaped, in the same class and order. One species British. CICHO'RIUM FNTYBUS. Wild Succory. Chiccory. Wild Endive. Spec. Char. Flowers in pairs, axillary, nearly sessile. Leaves runcinate. Engl. Bot. t. 539. — Curt. FI. Lond. t. 241. — Mart. FI. Rust. t. 144. — Woodv. Med. Bot. Suppl. t. 248. — FI. Dan. t. 907. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1142. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd edit.) p. 348. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. in. p. 1628. — Sm. FI. Brit, v. ii. p. 843. — Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 379. — With. (7th ed. ) v. iii. p. 905. — Lindl. Syn. p. 162. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 348. — Macr. Mau. Biit. Bot. p. 140. — Sibtli. FI. Oxon. p. 243. — Abb. FI. Bedf. p. 173. — Thomp. PI. of Berw. p. 80. — Thornt. Fain. Herb, p. 680, with a figure. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 75. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. ii. p. 373. — ltelh. FI. Cant. (3rded.) p. 327.— Hook. FI. Scot. p. 234. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 171. — FI. Devon, pp. 132 &. 156. — Johnst. Fi. of Berw. v. i. p. 177. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 52. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 227. — Loud. Encycl. of Gard. (new ed.) p. 859. — Perry’s PI. Varvic. Selectai, p. 67. — Pamp. Catal. of PI. of Battersea, p. 14. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 29. ; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 56.- — Lindl. FI. Med. p. 470. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 152. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 68. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 27. — Baines’ Flora of Yorkshire, p. 65. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 397. — Mack. Catal. of PI. of Irel. p. 71. ; FI. Hibern. p. 166. — Cichorium sylvestre, Ray’s Syn. p. 172. — Johns. Ger. p. 284. — Bauh. Hist. v. ii. p. 1007. f. 1008. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 432. — Cichorium sylvestre, sive officinarum, Bauh. Pin. p. 125. Fig. 1. Involucrum. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Fig. 3. A separate Floret. — Fig. 4. Sta- mens and Pistil. — Figs. 5 & 6. Seed. — Fig. 7. Involucrum and Seed. — Fig. 8. A vertical section of the Involucrum, showing the Receptacle. — Figs. 4 & 6, are a little magnified. * From chikouryek, the Arabic name. t See fol. 91, n. +. t See fol. 147, note t. ? See fol. 27, a. Localities. — About the borders of fields, in waste places, and by road-sides, chiefly on a gravelly or chalky soil. Perennial. — Flowers in July and August, Root spindle-shaped, fleshy, often more or less branched, of a yellowish colour externally, whitish within, milky. Stem from 1 to 3 feet high, upright, angular, furrowed, alternately branched, very tough, solid, rough with bristly hairs, leafy. Root-leaves nu- merous, spreading, above a span long, runcinate, toothed, rough, on dilated petioles ; stem-leaves much smaller, sessile, less lobed, the upper ones heart-spear-shaped, entire. Flowers numerous, large and very handsome, of a beautiful bright, but pale, blue, sometimes white, all nearly or quite sessile, growing generally in pairs, in the axils of the uppermost leaves. Calyx composed of a double series of scales or leaves, the outer of which are 5 in num- ber, egg-shaped, pointed, somewhat spreading, and edged with glandular hairs ; innermost about 8, narrow and equal, forming an angular, clammy cylindar. Corolla of about 20, strap-shaped florets (see tig. 3.) each with a cylindrical, short, white tube, and a flat limb, with 5 deep teeth at the extremity. Filaments whitish. Anthers and Stigmas blue. Seed somewhat club-shaped, obscurely 4-sided, blunt. Pappus of very small, upright, chaffy bristles. Receptacle slightly chaffy, with a few slender scales, shorter than the seed. The fine blue colour of the florets is convertible into a brilliant red by the acid of Ants ; and it is said, that in Germany the boys often amuse themselves in producing this change of colour by placing the blossoms in an Ant hill. In a wild state this very beautiful plant is considered little better than a troublesome weed. Its root is said to be tonic, and in large doses aperient. It has been used in chronic viscera and cutaneous diseases, especially in the form of decoction. A large-leaved va- riety is sometimes cultivated in gardens as an early salad, and occasionally in the fields, as a fodder for cattle. On the Continent it is of much repute for the sake both of its leaves and root ; the latter, when full grown, is cut into slices, roasted, ground down, and used instead of coffee, and, although it was first employed either to adulterate the Mocha drink, or as a poor substitute for it when the berry was too expensive for general consumption, its use is now established, and, when mixed with coffee, it is by some persons believed to improve its flavour. In France the young leaves are used in salads ; and the shoots from the root, blanched by being forced in a dark cellar, are much relished as a winter salad, under the name of Barbe-de-Capucin. Sometimes the roots are packed among moist sand in a barrel, having numerous round holes pierced in its sides ; the crowns of the roots being so placed, that the shoots may readily push their way through the holes ; by this method they are kept quite clean, and are very easily gathered as wanted, and repeated cuttings are obtained. See Mill. Gard. Diet. ; Neil's Hort. Tour. ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. ; and Loud. Encycl. of Garden- ing ; especially the latter, for further information respecting the culture, uses, &c., of this plant. (418.) ERI CA * *. Linnean Class and Order. Octa'nrria f , Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Eri'cE/E, Broivn's Frod. p. 557. — Lindl. Syn. p. 172. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 182. — Loud. Hort. Brit, p. 523. — Mack. FI. Hibem. p. 179. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 41 1 . — Erica'ceac; subtribe, Eri'cea; Norma'les, Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. pp. 785 & 786. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit, pp. 1076 & 1079. — Ericineaj, Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 450. — Erica;, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 159. — Sm. Gr. of Bot. p. 115 — Syrin- gales; subord. Ericosas; sect. Ericinve ; type, Ericacea! ; subtype, Ericid^e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 900, 937 ,944,946, and 948. — Bicornes, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, 4-parted, with a naked base. Corolla (see fig. 2.) of 1 petal, globose, or bell-shaped, often ventricose, with a 4-cleft limb. Pilaments (see fig. 3.) 8, hair-like, arising from the receptacle. Anthers (see fig. 4.) terminal, up- right, cloven, opening by lateral orifices, which adhere to those of the next anther till the pollen is discharged. Germen (see fig. 5.) superior, roundish. Style (see fig. 5.) thread-shaped, upright. Stigma blunt. Capsule (see figs. 5, 6, & 7.) roundish, with 4 fur- rows, 4 cells, and 4 valves, each bearing a dissepiment (partition) from the centre (see fig. 7). Seeds (figs. 8 & 9.) numerous, minute. The 4-parted calyx , naked at the base ; the monopetalous, glo- bose or bell-shaped, often ventricose corolla; and the 4-celled, 4-valved capsule, with the dissepiments from the middle of the valves ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Seven species British, ERI'CA TE'TRALIZ. Four-leaved Heath. Cress-leaved Heath. Besom Heath. Spec. Char. Leaves 4 in a whorl, ciliated. Flowers capitate, terminal. Corolla egg-shaped, as long as the style. Anthers with two spear-shaped spurs at the base, included. Engl. Bot. t. 1014.— Curt. FI. Lond. t. . — FI. Dan. t. 81 . — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 502. — Huds. FI. Augl. (2nd ed.) p. 166. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. ii. pt. I. p. 368. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 418 ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 226. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 484. — Lindl. Syn. p. 174. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 176. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit. p. 1079. f. 864. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 792. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 149. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 205. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 127. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 87. — Thomp. PI. of Berw. p. 41. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 37. — Furt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 192. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 159. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 119. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 88. — FI. Devon, pp. 68 & 153. — Johnst. FI. of Berw. v. i. p. 89.— Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 25. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 110. — Perry’s l’l. Varvie. Select*, p. 35. — Pamp. PI. of Bat. p. 9.— Bab. FI. Bath. Suppl. p. 83. ; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 60. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 35. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 142. — Luxf. Iteig. FI. p. Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Calyx and Corolla. — Fig. 3. Stamens and Pistil. — Fig. 4. A single Stamen. — Fig. 5. Germen, Style, and Stigma. — Fig. 6. Capsule. — Fig. 7. Capsule opened to show the Dissepiments. — Figs. 8 & 9. Seed. — Fig3. 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9, magnified. * From erico, Gr. or ereico, Gr. to break ; from the supposed quality of some species in destroying calculi in the bladder. Within the last twelve years four species of this beautiful genus have been added to the British Flora; namely, E. Mackuii, E. Mediterrdnea, E. cornea, and E. cilia r is. f See folio 42, note t. 33. — Bain’s FI. of Yorksh. p. 70. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh, p. 1 G4. — Mack. Catal. VI. of Irel. p. 37. ; FI. Hibern. p. 181. — Erica botuliformis, Salisb. In Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. vl. p. 369. — Erica Barbantica folio coridis hirsuto quaterno, Ray’s Syn. p. 471. — Erica ex rubro nigricans scoparia, Bauh. Pin. p. 486. — Erica anglicana parva, capitulis hirsutis, Bauh. Hist. v. i. pt. n. lib. 10. p. 358. — Eremocallis glomerata, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 398. Localities. — On heaths, and moory ground; frequent. A small Shrub. — Flowers from June to September. Root creeping. Stems numerous, upright, from 4 inches to a foot or more high, branched, leafy, brownish, clothed with projecting hairs ; naked at bottom, and very rough from the remains of the leaves which have fallen off. Leaves crowded, spreading, on short, somewhat decurrent, petioles, 4 in a whorl, sometimes 5, egg-spear- shaped or oblong, the upper surface covered with dense white down, the margins revolute and nearly smooth, fringed with long project- ing bristles, which, in the young leaves, are each tipped with a small round globule ; under surface white, with a downy mid-rib. Flowers of a delicate wax-like hue, of every shade of rose-colour, sometimes snow-white, on short downy peduncles, collected into a dense, round, terminal, capitate cluster, all elegantly drooping to- wards one side. Calyx oblong ; sepals strap-shaped, downy, and fringed with glandular bristles. Corolla (fig. 2.) about three lines long, nearly egg-shaped, ventricose, a little downy near the mouth, which is small, and 4-cleft. Stamens concealed within the corolla ; anthers with a pair of simple appendages, or horns, at the base of each. Style about as long as the corolla, in some flowers slightly protruding. Capsule roundish, hairy ; valves concave, with a fixed partition (dissepiment) from the centre of each. Seeds numerous, very small, egg-shaped, yellowish, minutely pitted. Whole plant of a greyish hue. In June, 1833, Mr. Leighton found on the Vownog Bog near Westfelton, Shropshire, a plant of this species having the corolla cleft into several divisions, and the place of the stamens occupied by petal-like segments bearing imperfectly developed lobes of an- thers ; a few perfect stamens were also present. The same trans- formation in the corolla of this species had been previously observed by W. C. Trevelyan, Esq. See Hook. Brit. FI. (lsted.) p. 176. Erica tetralix is a native of most parts of the North of Europe, in boggy or moory ground. It is a handsome little plant, and well worthy a place in the flower garden. Sir J. E. Smith observes, “ It is wonderful that this most ele- gant, and not uncommon, plant is scarcely delineated at all by the old authors, nor by any of them correctly.” It is the badge of the Scottish Clan Macdonald. In the language of flowers. Heath is made the emblem of solitude; and thus, when the lover presents his mistress with a bouquet of heath and pansies, she understands his heart would be at ease, if his solitude were blessed by her society. •* Some poets praise the violet’s hue, And some the lily’s lightness ; Some Scotland’s bells of bonny blue, And some the rose’s brightness ; But, oh, give me the heath in bloom, That, on the wild moor growing, So sweetly scatters its perfume When wint’ry winds are blowing1 “ Rich odours seethe the mignonette, And fill the young May-flower ; And there’s a softer fragrance yet Breathes in the jessamine bower. But, oh, give me the heath in bloom, That, on the wild moor growing, So sweetly scatters its perfume When wint’ry winds are blowing." J. L. Stevens. (419.) PEUCE'DANUM * *. Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Umbellt'fer.'eJ, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 218. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lindl. Syn. p. Ill ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 517. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Card, and Bot. v. iii. p. 235. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 1 13. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 408. — Umbellatje, Linn. — Rosales ; sect.ANGELiciNrE ; type.ANGELicACE^: ; subty. Angelicidje ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 770, 773, & 774. Gen. Char. Flowers (fig. 1.) regular, uniform, imperfectly separated ; the innermost barren or abortive. Calyx (see fig. 2.) of 5, acute, ascending, permanent teeth. Corolla (see fig. 1.) of 5 nearly equal, inversely heart-shaped petals, with indexed points. Filaments (see fig. 1.) 5, hair-like, spreading beyond the petals. Anthers roundish. Germen (see fig. 1.) inferior, oblong, a little compressed at the sides. Styles 2, small, recurved, tumid and egg- oblong at the base ; at length somewhat enlarged, permanent. Fruit (fig. 3.) flat, with a broad thin border. Carpels with equidistant ribs ; the 3 middle ones slightly prominent, the 2 lateral more ob- solete, and contiguous to the dilated margin, or lost in it. Inter- stices ( channels ) (see fig. 4.) with from 1 to 2 vittce. Seed flat in front. Universal Involucrum various; partial one many-leaved. Flowers small, yellow or white. The 5-toothed calyx; the corolla of 5 nearly equal, inversely heart-shaped petals, with inflexed points ; the flat fruit , with a broad thin border ; the carpels with equidistant ribs ; the 3 middle ones slightly prominent, the 2 lateral ones more obsolete ; and the channels with from 1 to 2 vittce in each ; will distinguish this from other genera, in which the fruit is dorsally compressed and destitute of prickles, in the same class and order. Two species British. PEUCE'DANUM OFFICINALE. Officinal Hog’s Fennel. Sea Sulphur-wort Brimstone-wort. Hofsestrong. Harestrange. Spec. Char. Leaves five times deeply 3-cleft ; segments thread- strap-shaped, flaccid. Leaves of involucrum strap-shaped, almost hair-like. Flowers yellow. Engl. Bot. t. 1767. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 353. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 116. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. ii. p. 1405. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 304. ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 99. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p.373. — Gray’s Nat. Avr. v. ii. p.522. — Lindl. Syn. p. 117. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 118. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot, p. 102. — Dun’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 330. — Jacob’s PI. Faversli. p. 83. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sam. P- 44. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 234. — Lindl. FI. Med. p. 48. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 40. — Peucedanum, Ray’s Syn. p. 206. — Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 1054. 1. — Peucedamim vulgare, Park. Theat. Bot. p. 880. 2. — Blackst. Spec. Bot. p. 71. — Peucedanum Germanicum. Bauh. Pin. p. 149. — P. majus italicum, ibid. — P. minus germa- nicum, et majus italicum, Bauh. Hist. v. iii. pt. ii. p. 36. Fig. 1. A Flower. — Fig. 2. Calyx, Germen, and Styles. — Fig. 3. Fruit. — Fig. 4. Transverse section of ditto. — All, more or less, magnified. * From peuke, Gr. a pine-tree ; and da nos, Or. dwarf; on account of a re- sinous substance, said to exude from some of the species. t See folio 48, note t. { See folio 235, a. Localities. — In salt-marshes; very rare. — Essex ; At WaltoD. near Har- wich : Ray. — Kent ; About a quarter of a mile below Faversham, by the river side: Mr. J. Shehaud. On the wall leading to Thorn Creek, near Faversham, plentifully: E. Jacob, Esq. About three miles east of Whitstable : 1824; Mr. W. Pamplin, jun. East Kent: Rev. G. E. Smith, in N. B. G. — Notts ; Wood at Colwick: Martyn. — Sussex ; In the ditches near Shoreham, according to Ray, but it has been sought for there in vain; it is probable (Enanthe pimpi- nelloides was mistaken for it. Perennial. — Flowers from June to September. Root spindle-shaped, with strong, branching fibres, resinous, smelling like sulphur. Stem upright, from 2 to 4 feet high, cylin- drical, branched, striated, bright green, jointed, smooth, leafy. Leaves copious, alternate, on channelled leaf-stalks, sheathing at the base, large, 4 or 5 times 3-parted, their ultimate segments about an inch and a half long, very narrow, strap-shaped, and almost hair-like, flat, pointed, 3-ribbed. Universal umbel large, of many unequal, smooth, lax rays, and an involucrum of about 3 narrow bristle-shaped, deciduous leaves (bracteas). Partial umbels also of many unequal rays, with an involucrum of many permanent bristle-like leaves. Flowers numerous, of an uniform buff-yellow. Calyx-teeth sharp pointed, bent inwards. Petals equal, incurved. Styles reflexed. Fruit about 3 lines long, oblong, with a shallow notch at each end, pale light brown, the vitta deep chocolate colour, the primary ribs much depressed and paler, the lateral re- sembling deep furrows between them and the dilated margin. Commissure (inner face of the carpels) light fawn colour, with two crimson viltce very conspicuous upon it. (See Lindl. FI. Med.) This species is a native of the most southern parts of Europe in moist meadows. The whole plant, especially the root, has a strong sulphurous smell. The latter wounded in the Spring yields a con- siderable quantity of yellow juice, which dries into a gummy resin, and retains the strong scent of the root. Many stimulating qualities have been attributed to it, but it is considered dangerous for in- ternal use. “ Nor is the mead unworthy of thy foot. Full of fresh verdure, and unnumber’d flowers. The negligence of Nature, wide, and wild; Where, undisguished by mimic art, she spreads Unbounded beauty to the roving eye.” Thomson. Pub *bj 7{3x*ttrBrtamc garden Oxford 14 1,1 . o JlailuwDtlbSc (420) VELLA* *. Linnean Class and Order. TETRADYNA'MiAf, Siliculo'sa+. Natural Order. Cruci'fer/e §, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 237. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 138.; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 1 53. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p.498. Crucifers; subord. Orthoplo'cea: || ; tribe, Velleae, Lindl. Syn. pp. 20 & 33. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 14 to 18. — Loud. Hort. Brit. pp. 498 & 499.; Mag. Nat. Hist. v. i. pp. 143 & 240. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. pp. 146, 150, & 254.— Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p.397 & 398.— Rosales ; subord. Rhceados^e ; sect. Rideadina: ; type, Bras- sicace.'E ; subtype, Raphanida:; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 614, 784, 847, 853, & 860. — Siliquos.e, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (see fig. I.) upright, equal at the base, de- ciduous ; sepals oblong, pointed. Corolla of 4, inversely egg- shaped, entire petals (fig. 2.), their claws as long as the calyx. Filaments (see fig. 1 .) 6, awl-shaped, 4 of them longer than the calyx, in one or two exotic species they are connate. Anthers somewhat heart-shaped, bluntish. Germen (see fig. 3.) egg-shaped. Style (see fig. 3.) vertical, dilated, elliptical, leafy, longer than the germen, permanent. Stigma blunt. Pouch ( siliclej (fig. 4.) swol- len, with a dilated, flat, winged Style, twice as long as the valves ; Valves (see fig. 5.) 2, concave, opening longitudinally. Partition (dissepiment ) broad, membranous, continued into the style. Seeds (see figs. 5 & 7.) few in each cell, globose, pendulous. Cotyledons folded together (o > > ). The swollen pouch, with a dilated, flat, winged style, twice as long as the valves; and the conduplicate cotyledons; will distin- guish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. VE'LLA A'NNUA. Annual Cresset. Valencia Cress. Cress Rocket. Spanish Wild Cress. Spec. Char. Leaves doubly pinnatifid. Pouches pendulous. Engl. Bot. t. 1442. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 895. — Huds. Ft. Angl. (2nded.) p. 278. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. I. p. 422. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 675.; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 156. — With. (7th ed.) v. iii. p. 754. — Ait. Hort. Kew. 1st ed. v. ii. p. 370. ; ibid. 2nd ed. v. iv. p. 79. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 691. — Hook. Brit FI. p. 295. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 262. — Carrichtera vellce, Deeand. Syst. v. ii. p. 642 — Lindl. Syn. p. 33. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. p. 254. — C. Vella , Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 22. — Nasturtium, sylvestre, Erucce affine, Bauh. Pin. p. 105. — Ray’s Syn. p. 304. — Moris, v. ii. p. 301. sect. 3. t. 19. f. 8. — Nasturtium syl- vestre valentinum, Clus. Hist. v. ii. p. 130, with a figure. — Bauh. Hist. v. ii. p. 920, with a figure.— Park. Theat. Bot. pp. 829 & 830, with a figure. — Nasturtium sylvestre Clusii, Dalech. Hist. p. 657, with a figure. — Eruca nasturtia cognata Fig. 1. Calyx and Stamens. — Fig. 2. A Petal. — Fig. 3. Germen, Style, and Stigma. — Fig. 4. A Pouch with the permanent, strap-shaped Style. — Fig. 5. A Pouch with the valves open, showing the dissepiment, the seeds, and the permanent style. — Fig. 6. A Pouch cut transversely, showing the 2 cells. — Fig. 7. A Seed. — Fig. 8. The conduplicate Cotyledons, highly magnified. * A name adopted by Galen, and latinized from the Celtic, signifying a sovt of Cress. W ITHERINO. •f- See fol. 38, n, t. f See fol. 107, n, i- $ See fol. 38, a. || See fol. 107, n. || tenuifolia, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 247, with a figure. — Lob. Ic. p. 205, with a figure. — Valencia Cress, Petiv. H. Brit. t. 50. f. 5. Localities. — In sandy fields, but very rave. — Wiltshire /Found by Mr. Lawson on Salisbury Plain, not far from Stonehenge : Ray, (1690). Not found there since Annual. — Flowers in June. Don says in February and March, in gardens. Root small, tapering, fibrous. Stem upright, from 3 to 9 inches high, branched, leafy, rough with deflexed bristles. Leaves scat- tered, doubly pinnatifid, with strap-shaped, bluntish, decurrent segments. Racemes opposite the leaves, upright, elongated ; pedi- cels short, thread-shaped, without bracteas. Flowers small. Calyx (see fig. 1 .) tubular, shining, purplish, closed with the sepals con- verging longitudinally. Petals (see fig. 2.) inversely heart-shaped, entire, pale yellow, with deep purple veins, and very slender claws. Pouch (silicle) (see fig. 4.) pendulous, nearly globular, 2-celled, and 2-valved ; valves crustaceous, with 3 raised, bristly ribs, on the outside ; polished and shining within. Partition parallel to the valves, very thin, and almost transparent, surmounted by the egg-shaped, curved, smooth, ribbed, rigid style. Seeds 3 or 4 in each cell, nearly globular, angular, of a dark rusty-colour ; De- candolle remarks, that they became covered with a glutinous exudation, on being immersed in warm water. The expanded cotyledons, remaining for some time on the stem, are inversely heart-shaped, flat, quite smooth and even. See Sm. Engl. FI. and Mart. Mill. Gard. Diet., Sfc. This curious little plant is a native in sandy and waste fields, and along way and wall sides in Spain, Balearic Islands, Mauri- tania, Sicily, Greece, and Syria. In England it is a very doubtful native, having been found only once, as recorded above. The whole herb is acrid and pungent to the taste, and might, if required, be used as a condiment. The drawing for the accompanying plate was made from a well preserved specimen in the Sherardian Herbarium. “ Stoop where thou wilt, thy eareless hand Rome random bud will meet : Thou canst not tread but thou wilt find The daisy at thy feet. ’Tis like the birthday of the world, When earth was born in bloom ; The light is made of many dyes. The air is all perfume ; There’s crimson buds, and white and blue — The very rainbow show’rs Have turn’d to blossoms where they fell. And sown the earth with flow’r3.” T. Meadows. i,<21 j/uf /{{J H ft fe 1 c/m? Ct<7?7 Ccf . 7u Tub*\- W&asttr brtamt Cardtt Oxford. I# U Ru'stllDii. (421.) HOTTO'NIA * * Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Primula'ce®*, Vent. — Lindl. Syn. p. 182.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 225. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 431. — Loud. Hort. Brit, p.529. — Mack. FI. Hib. p. 192. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 415. — Lysimachi® ; sect. 1. Juss. Gen. PI. p. 95. — Sm. Gr. of Bot. p. 95. — Syringales ; subord. Primulos® ; sect. Primulin® ; type, Primulace® ; subty. Primulid® ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v.ii. pp. 900, 958, 1020, 1024, & 1025. — Preci®, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, of 1 sepal, in 5 deep, strap- shaped, rather spreading segments. Corolla (fig. 2.) of 1 petal, salver-shaped ; tube cylindrical, open, about as long as the calyx ; limb flat, in 5 deep, oblong, notched, equal segments. Filaments (see fig. 2.) 5, awl-shaped, short, inserted at the mouth of the tube, each opposite to a segment of the limb. Jlnthers incumbent, oblong. Germcn (see fig. 3.) globular, pointed. Style (see fig. 3.) short, cylindrical. Stigma globose, undivided. Capsule (fig. 4.) globose, 1-celled, tipped with the long, permanent style. Seeds numerous, roundish, covering the large, roundish, central, unconnected recep- tacle (fig. 5). The inferior, 5-parted calyx ; the salver-shaped corolla, with a short tube, and a 5-lobed limb, with the stamens from the margin of the tube ; the globose stigma; and the 1-celled capsule, tipped with the long permanent style ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. HOTTO'NIA PALU'STRIS. Marsh Hottonia. Water Violet. Water Featherfoil. Water Gilly-flower. Water Milfoil. Spec. Char. Flowers whorled, on a long solitary cylindrical stalk. Corolla longer than the calyx. Leaves pectinated. Engl. Bot. t. 364. — Curt. FI. Lond. t. . — FI. Dan. t. 487. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 208. — Hutls. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 85. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. ii. p. 812. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 226. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 276. — With. (7th edit.) v. ii. p. 293. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. y. ii. p. 301. — Lindl. Syn. p. 185. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 91. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 189. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 73. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 15. — Davies' Welsh Bot. p. 21. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 123. — Uelh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed. ) p. 86. — Rev. G. E. Smith’s PI. of S. Kent, p. 13. — Pamp. PI. of Battersea, p. 6. — Winch’s FI. ofNortliumb. & Durh. p. 13. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 53. — Perry’s PI. Varvic. Select®, p. 17. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 141. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksli. p. 75. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. pp. 105 & 512. — Mack. Catal. PI. of Irel. p. 22. ; FI. Hibern. p. 194. — Hottonia, Ray’s Syn. p. 285. — Myriophyllum alterum, Matth. Yalgr. v. ii. p. 511, with a figure. — Viola palustris, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 826. Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Corolla, opened vertically. — Fig. 3. Germen, Style, and Stigma. — Fig. 4. Capsule. — Fig. 5. The Placenta or Receptacle of the Seeds. — Fig. 6. A Seed. — Fig. 7. The same, a little magnified. * So named by Boebiiaave in honour of Dr. Peter Hotton, who was curator of the Leyden Botanic Garden, as well before the return of Hermann as after his decease ; and on the last occasion was the immediate predecessor of Boerhaave. He published, Sermo Academicus, quo rei herbaria historia et fata adum- brantur. 1695, 4to. D. Turner, Esq. in Correspondence of Dr. Richardson, p. 17. -f- See fol. 48, note t. f See fol. 296, a. T jOCai.it i fs. — In dilclies and ponds, on a gravelly soil. — Xot nnfreqn ent in many counties of England ; also in Wales. — It lias not been found in Scotland ; and it is rare in lieland: Mr. Mackay informs us, in his excellent Flora Hibernica, that it was first found in that country about the year 1818, in ditches or drains near Downpatrick, by l)r. Kennedy, then a young and promising Botanist, who died shortly afterwards. Perennial. — Flowers in May and June. Root creeping, sending out many white slender fibres, which strike deep into the mud. Stems trailing, round, leafy. Leaves all under water, numerous, crowded, smooth, 3 or 4 inches lonjr, bright green, deeply and regularly pinnatifid, with strap-shaped segments. Stalks central, solitary ; naked below, rising above the water, and bearing several whorls of flowers one above the other, and forming, altogether, a handsome spike. Flowers large and handsome, of an elegant pink or deep rose-colour, with a yellow centre ; from six to ten in a whorl, each on a slender partial-stalk, which bends downwards when the flowers are over. Bractcas strap-shaped, one at the base of each partial-stalk. Both the general and partial stalks, as well as the bracteas and calyx, are covered with a glandular vicid pubescence. Sometimes the flowers have six stamens, and then the calyx and corolla are each divided into six segments. A variety with a red flower was found near Kelmarsh, in Northamptonshire, by Mr. Rudge. The Hottonia is one of the most beautiful of our native plants, and is highly deserving a place with Nymphaa (t. 181), Nuphar (t. 281.), Butomus {i. 34.), Sagittaria (t. 109.), Villarsia (t. 161.), and Menyanthes (t . 245), in the orna- mental Aquarium. The flowers are numerous, and very elegant, and are pro- duced in whorled clusters, raised above the water. The leaves are all under water, and afford a refuge, and perhaps nourishment, to the fresh- water Peri- winkle and other small shell-fish. THE SUMMER’S CALL. “ Come away ! the sunny hours Woo thee far to founts and bowers ! O’er the very waters now. In their play. Flowers are shedding beauty’s glow — Come away ! Where the lily’s tender gleam Quivers on the glancing stream — Come away ! All the air is filled with sound, Soft, and sultry, and profound ; Murmurs through the shadowy grass Lightly stray ; Faint winds whisper as they pass — Come away ; Where the bee’s deep music swells From the trembling foxglove bells — Come away ! Jn the deep heart of the rose Now the crimson love-hue glows ; Now the glow-worm’s lamp by night Sheds a ray, Dreamy, starry, greenly bright — Come away I Where the fairy cup-moss lies. With the wild- wood strawberries, Come away 1 Mas. Hemans. -?ton ; Northumberland; Notts; Salop; Stafford; Suffolk; Surrey; Sussex ; Warwick ; Westmoreland ; Worces- ter; York; — Anglesea ; Denbigh; Glamorgan ; Montgomery ;— Aberdeen ; Ayr; Berwick; Elgin; Forfar; Lanark ; Perth; and Roxburgh. — It lias not. 1 bel eve, been found in IRELAND. Annual. — Flowers in May and June. Root slender, tapering, with whitish fibres. Stems several, from 2 to 5 inches high, upright or spreading, slightly leafy, the central on.’ quite straight, and always naked. Leaves numerous, spreading on the ground, almost entirely radical, partly undi ided, but mostly pinnatitid in a lyrate manner, segments rounded, often slightly hairy at the edges, otherwise smooth. Flowers small, white, in a terminal corymb, which elongates into a spike-like raceme as it advances in flowering. Sepals egg-spear-shaped, concave, equal, reddish. Petals unequal, the two outer thrice the size of the other two. Stamens always 6, remarkable for their large white scales (see fig. 5 ), which were first observed in this species by the late Mr. Sowerby. Pouch ( silicic ) (see fig. 6.) somewhat inversely heart-shaped, laterally compressed, concave on one side, convex on the other, bordered with a projecting margin, and marked with a perpendicular line, which is the edge of the partition. Valves keeled, smooth, veiny. Seeds 2 in each cell, round, compressed, very minutely dotted. There is another species, the Teesdalia regularis of Smith, ( Lepidium nudicaule of Linnaeus,,/ which is said so precisely to resemble our plant in habit, as to have been sometimes confounded with it ; but it may be readily distinguished by its petals being equal, and by its having usually only 4 stamens, very rarely 6. It is, moreover, entirely exotic, having never been found wild in Britain, but appears to be confined to the south of Europe, where it inhabits sandy, barren, somewhat wooded places, especially in Spain and Portugal. Our plant, on the contrary, is found only in the more northern parts of Europe, as in Britain, France, Germany, Denmark, and Sweden. — Some interesting observations, by the late Sir J. E. Smith, relating to the history, &c., of these two curious little plants, may be seen in the 1 1th volume of The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, p. 283 to 287. (424 ) LEMNA*. Lin nean Class and Order. JWonce'cia f, Dia'ndria*. Natural Order. Pisti ace/e, Richard. — Lintll. Syn. p. 251.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Pot. p. 291. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 268. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 423. — Lemnace.e, Dec. and Duby. in Bot. Gal. p.532 — .Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 277. — Aroide f, sect. 3. Pistiacea; Rich, by Macgilliv. pp. 388 & 389. — Hook. FI. Scot. pt. it. p. 191. — Naiades, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 18. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 66. — Fluviales, Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 541 . — Juncales ; sect. AcorintE, or Aroidea; type, Lemnacea : Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 404, 408, & 411. — Miscellanea, Linn. Gen. Char. Spatha (see figs. 5 to 8.) thin, membranous, in- flated, containing one sterile and one fertile flower , each destitute of both calyx and corolla. Sterile Flower of 1 or 2 stamens only. Filaments thread-shaped, longer than the spatha. Anthers of 2 globular distinct lobes, splitting at the top. Fertile Flower (fig. 12.) a pistil only. Germen egg-shaped. Style cylindrical, short. Stigma simple, blunt. Utricle (fig. 14.) indebiscent, of 1 cell, with 1 or more seeds. Seeds erect or horizontal. Fronds lenticular, without distinct stem or leaves ; and producing the flowers from a marginal fissure (see fig. 4). The naked flowers , inclosed in a membranous, inflated spatha, included in a marginal fissure of the lenticular floating frond, will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Four species British. LEMNA MINOR. Lesser Duck-weed. Common Duck-meat. Greeds. Spec. Char. Fronds opaque, nearly egg-shaped, flattish above and beneath. Roots solitary. Engl. Bot. t. 1095. — Hook. FI. Lond. t. 120. — FI. Dan. t. 1087. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1376. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 399, a. — Wind. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. I. p. 194. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 957. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 32. — With. (7th edit.) v. ii. p. 49. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 729. — Lindl. Syn. p. 252. — Hook. Brit. FI. p 12. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 277. — Liglitf. FI. Scot. v. ii. p. 537. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 14. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 198. — Thomps. PI. of Berwick, p. 91. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 83. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. ii. p. 437. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 374. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 11. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 6. — FI. Devon, pp. 4 3c 114.— Johnst. FI. of Benv. v. i. p. 9. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. & Durh. p. 2. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 7. — Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. p. 412. — Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist v. i. p. 290. f. 155. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 60. ; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 99. — Murr. North. FI. p. 20. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 20. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 84. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 3. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 36.— Baines’ FI. of Yorksli. p. 98. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 14. — Mack. Catal. of l’l. Fig. 1 . Plant natural size. — Figs. 2 & 3. Proliferous and Gemmiferous Plants. — .Fig. 4. Flowering Plants. — Fig. 5. Unruptured Spatha, containing the flowers. — ■ Fig. 6. The same Flowers, more advanced. — Fig. 7. Flowers of which the spatha has burst. — Fig. 8. Spatha opened artificially. — Fig. 9. Sterile and Fertile Flower with the spatha removed. — Fig. 10. Anther whose cells have lost their pollen. — Fig. 11. Two grains of Pollen. — Fig. 12. A separate Fertile Flower. — Fig. 13. Ovule. — Fig. 1,4. Utricle. — Fig. 15. Calyptra-like extremity of a Root. — All more or less magnified. — Figs. 5, 6, 8, 10, & 14, from sketches by the Rev. Mr. Sandvs, the rest from SirW. J. Hooker’s Flora Londinensis. ■* Lemma of the Greeks, it is said from Lepis, Gr. a scale, -f- See fol. 83, n. -t. 4 See fol. 50, n. f. of Irel. p. 9.; FI. Hibern. p. 269. — Lenticula palustris vulgaris , Vaill. Par. p. 114. t. 20. f. 3. — Lenticularia media, et minor, Mich. Gen. p. 16. t. 11. f. 2, 3. — Lens palustris, Ray’s Syn. p. 129. t. 4. f. 1. — Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 829. Localities. —In stagnant water in ponds and ditches, everywhere. Ann al. — Flowers in June and July. Root a solitary fibre, with a calyptra-like extremity (see fig. 15). Fronds (see fig. 1.) numerous, collected together, floating on the surface of the water, egg-shaped or roundish, each about a line or a line and a half long, proliferous and gemmiferous (see fig. 2.), minutely cellular, nearly flat on the upper side, slightly convex on the under, with a depression in the centre, from whence the root proceeds. Flowers (see figs. 9 & 12.) monoecious, very minute, destitute of both calyx and corolla, and enclosed, 2 together (1 ste- rile and 1 fertile one), in a thin membranous, beautifully reticulated spatha or sheath, (see figs. 5 to 8.) which proceeds from a cleft in the margin of the frond towards the base (see fig. 4). Sterile Flower composed of 2 stamens only, their filaments thread-shaped, longer than the spatha, and terminated with a yellow anther of 2 distinct, globular lobes, which open at the top ; grains of pollen (see fig. 1 1 .) yellow, roundish, covered with small points. Fertile Flower (see fig. 12.) a pistil only, with an egg-shaped germen, a cylindrical, short style, and a blunt, flattish stigma ; “ a frond and 2 flowers thus constituting the whole of the plant.” Pericarpium (see fig. 14.) a utricle of a roundish shape, somewhat depressed on one side, externally cellular, crustaceous within, terminated by the permanent style, which, according to the observations of the Rev. G. W. Sandys, who favoured me with several sketches of the fructification of this little plant, in July, 1838, was always, in the specimens which he examined, bent at an angle. Seed solitary, horizontal, with its hilum directed towards the narrow end of the frond. This species of Ducks’-meat is common in most ports of Europe. With us there is scarcely a pond or ditch of stagnant water, where it is not to be seen floating on the surface, and often increasing so rapidly by means of gemmee or buds (see figs. 2 & 3.) produced from clefts in the margins of the fronds, as well as by seed, that it frequently becomes so crowded, as to form large dense masses, which entirety conceal the water on which they float. It is considered to possess the property of purifying the unwholesome air in marshy places, absorbing this air during the day, and exhaling oxygen during the night. — Ducks and geese are fond of it, and it affords nourishment and protection to a great variety of Infusoria and other interesting aquatic obj ects. — It appears to be very tenacious of life, as an instance is recorded of some plants of it being taken from a pond in July, 1797, dried for 4 or 5 hours in the sun, and then put into a small box and preserved, in a dry state, till the end of March, 1800 ; when they were placed in a glass jar with water, where they not only revived, but flowered in the following August. It also possesses great power in resisting decay, as is proved by a circumstaure which fame under the observation of that excellent naturalist, the Rev. W. T. Bree, of Allesley, near Coventry, and which is described in the 9th volume of Loudon’s Gardeners’ Magazine, p. 124. The Natural Order Pistiacr.'e is composed of floating monocotyledonous frondose plants, with 2 naked flowers, inclosed in a spatha, and appearing fiorn the margin of the fiond. 1 lie sterile flowers consist of a definite number of stamens ; the fertile ones of a 1 -celled ovary, with one or more erect ovules ; a short style ; and a simple stigma. The fruit is membranous or capsular, inde- hiscent, and )- or moie-seeded. 'I he seed has a fungus testa, a thickened indurated foramen; and the embryo either in the axis of a fleshy albumen, and having a lateral cleft for the emission of the plumule, or at the apex of the nucleus. — Lemna is the only British genus in the older. HE'S PERIS* *. Linnean Class and Order. TETRADYNA'MtAf, SilicuLo'sa J. Natural Order. Cituci'FERA^ §, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 237. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 1 38. ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 153. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p.498. — Cruciferaj ; suborder, Notorhizea? ; tribe, Sisym- brie.e ; Lindl. Syn. pp. 20, 21, & 29. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 14 to 18. — Loud. Hort. Brit. pp. 498 & 499.; Mag. Nat. Hist, v. i. pp. 143 & 240. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. pp. 146 & 149. — Mack. FI. Hibern. pp. 16 & 23. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) pp. 397 & 398. — Rosales; subord. Riiceadosje ; sect. Rhasadin.e ; type, Brassicace/e ; subtype, Sisymbiud e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 614, 784, 847,854, & 858. — Siliquos.e, Linn. Gen. Char. Calxjx (fig. 1.) inferior, of 4, closely converging, oblong, blunt, deciduous sepals, overlaying each other at the upper part, separating first at the bottom ; two opposite ones protuberant at the base. Corolla (fig. 2.) of 4, inversely egg-shaped, blunt, or slightly notched, obliquely spreading petals ; with strap-shaped, channelled, upright claws, as long as the calyx (see fig. 3). Fila- ments (fig. 4.) 6, thread-shaped, upright, simple, the two shorter with a gland at their base internally. Anthers strap-shaped, re- curved. Germen (see fig. 4.) 4-sided, strap-shaped, as long as the calyx. Style (see fig. 4.) scarcely any. Stigma nearly sessile, of 2 upright, closely converging, blunt, downy lobes. Pod (silique) (fig. 5.) 4-sided, or 2-edged, striated, protuberant from the seeds; valves (see fig. 6.) strap-shaped, undulated, pointed, the length of the membranous partition. Seeds (see figs. 6 & 7.) in a single row, pendulous, oblong, obscurely triangular, not bordered. Cotyledons (see fig. 8.) flat, incumbent (o||). The upright calyx ; the nearly sessile stigma, with 2 converging lobes ; the 4-sided or 2-edged pod ; and the flat, incumbent coty- ledons ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. HE'SPERIS MATRONA'LIS. Dames’ Violet. Common Rocket. Damask Violets. Winter Gilliflowers. Queen’s Gilli- flowers. Rogues’ Gilliflowers. Close-sciences. Spec. Char. Stem upright. Leaves egg-spear-shaped, toothed. Limb of the petals inversely egg-shaped. Pods upright, smooth, irregularly tumid, their margins not thickened. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 927. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. I. p. 531. — Brown in Ait. Ilort. Kew. (2nd ed.) v. iv. p. 122. — De Cand. Syst. v. ii. p 450. — Sm. Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 207. — With. (7th ed. ) v. iii. p. 778. — Lindt. Syn. p. 29. — Hook. Brit. Ft. p. 307. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. ami Bot. v. i. p. 203. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 19. — I.ightf. FI. Scot. v. ii. p. 1130. — Hook. FI. Scot p. 202. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 140. — l’hill. FI. Hist. (2nd ed.) v. i. p. 318. — Johust. FI. of Berw. v. ii. p. 285. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durli. p. 44. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 192. — Bah. FI. Bath. Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Corolla.— Fig. 3. A Petal. — Fig. 4. Stamens and Pistil. — Fig. 5. Pod — Fig. 6. Pod with valves separated. — Fig. 7. A Seed. — Fig. 8. Seed with the testa removed. • From hesperos, Or. the evening ; because the flowers of most of the species are sweet-scented in the evening. f See folio 38, note +. J See folio 02, note t. } See folio 38, a. Suppl. p. 70. — Irv. Loud. FI. p. 165. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 59 — Baines’ FI. of Yor ksh p. 13. — Leiglit. FI. of Shropsh. p. 314. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 23 — Hesperis itiodora, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 927^-Huds. FI. Angl. (2nded.) p. 288. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. :. p. 531. — Engl. Bot. t. 731. — FI. Dan. t. 924. — Jacq. Anstr. t. 347. — Sin. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 711. — With. (5th ed.) v. iii. p. 726. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 682. — Hesperis sylsestris itiodora. Dill, in Ray’s Syn. p. 293. — H. panno- tiica itiodora, Bauh. Hist. v. ii. p. 878, with a figure.— Viola matronalis , Johns. Gerarde, p. 462. Localities.— In coppices, hedges, and hilly pastures, especially near rivulets, but rare. — Oxfordshire. Plentiful in the wood near the Cottages at Nuneham Couitney : Mr. W. Moore. — Cornwall; About Falmouth: Withering. — Cumberland; Banks of rivulets about Dale Head : Ray. — Derbysh. Banks of the Derwent, near Matlock : D. Turner, Esq. Hoad-side above Kdensor, near to a farm-house ; and in a field by the road-side between Castleton and Kgam: N. B. G.— j Durham ; In meadow s near Chester-le-streat : N. J. Winch, Esq. — Gloucestersh. On Coteswould Ridge, by the road-side, between Krogmill and Cheltenham: B. G. Dowdeswell Woods, near Cheltenham : Rev.E. F. Witts. St. Ann’s Wood, near Bristol: N. B.G. Banks of the Ouse, near Faitford : G. WooiiWAitn. Esq. Bicester. — Hants; In two or three places near Selborne : Mr. W. Paimpiin, jun. — Kent; In a field near Mount Pleasant, probably escaped from the garden : N.B.G. — Norfolk; Goldisthorpe, near Lvnn. in a wood that had foimerly been cultivated ground : ibid — Northumberland ; Hulne Abbey Woods; and in the Duke of Northumberland’s woods and plantations about Alnwick: N.B.G. — Notts; CoKvick Park; Wilderness at Colwick; Clifton Hill: N. B.G. — Shropsh. At Coermaen, near Aston near Oswestry; naturalized: FI. Shrop. — Somerset; Woods at Colerne and Farley Castle: Mr. T. B. Flower. — Suffolk; Once found near Browston Hall: B.G. — Surrey ; W'ood on the right band side of the road about half w ay from Leather- head to Dorking: B.G. — Coulsdon; below Box-hill; and in a hedge near a farm at Cheam, towards the Lord Nelson: N.B.G. — Sussex; At Southover, near Lewes : ibid. — Westmoreland ; Banks of rivulets above Grasmere : B. G. — Worcestersh. Occuring sometimes, but obviously a garden outcast : N. B.G.— Yor ksh. Clover-field near Kirby Fleetham : N. B. G. In Hellerby Wood, near Doncaster; in the road between Stackhouse and Stainforth, one mile north of Settle; in the road between Rilston and Colton, seven miles east of Nettle; and near Aysgarth Bridge. Wensleydale: FI. of Yorksh. Bolton Abbey Woods: Rev. E. F. Witts. — WALKS. G/ctmnrgansh. Among rubbish near the mouth of the Tarve : N.B. G.— Pembrokesh. In great abundance in a field on the top of the hill on Haverford West, side of Pembroke Ferry : B.G, — SCOTLAND. Berwick; In the bed ofa rivulet between Burnhouses and Reston-niill : N.B.G. — Edinbitryhsh. Fields near the Hunter’s Tryste ; Delnis of Salisbury Craigs ; banks of Glencorse Burn; Colinton and Auehindenny Woods; banks below Arthur’s Seat; and banks of the Water of Leith: N . B. G. — Forfarsh. On banks near Ably Castle: N.B.G. — Lunurksh. In the fields near llolylown ; and in the plantation below Hamilton Bridge: N.B.G. — IRELAND. In a meadow close to Knocknahatna, near Oldcastle, county of Cavan : FI. Hib. Perennial. — Flowers in May and June. Root fibrous, tufted. Stem from 1 to 3 feet high, simple or slightly branched, leafy, round, solid, hairy. Leaves scattered, egg-spear-shaped, or slightly heart-shaped, taper-pointed, toothed or serrated, clothed more or less with short bristly hairs; all nearly sessile, except some of the. lowermost. Flowers lar^e and handsome, purple, rose-coloured, or white, in a terminal spike-like bunch ; fragrant in the evening and in rainy weather. Calyx upright ; sepals pale pink, tipped with green, and rough with coarse spread- ing hairs. Petals inversely egg-shaped, with a long channelled claw, and a spreading, entire, or emarginate, limb. Pod two inches or more long, nearly upright, a little curved, pointed, of a slender cylindrical form, smooth, with 4 simple, not bordered angles, alter- nately elevated and depressed by the numerous seeds, which are elliptical, concave at one side, and destitute of a border. — Several varieties of this plant are cultivated in gardens ; as the double white ; the double variegated, & c. ' H M ' • (426.) HIPPO'PH A.E*. Lmnean Class and Order. Dice^cia "f , Tetra'ndria +. Natural Order. Eljf.a'gne.e, A. Rick. — Lindl. Syn. p. 208.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 68.— Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 420. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 532. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 417. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p.201. — Elahagna'ceje, Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit. p. 1320. — Elavagni, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 74. — Sm. Gr. of Bot. p. 86. — Querneai.es; sect. Laurina:; type, Thtmelasacea: ; subtype, Eljeagnid.® ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 523, 563, 569, & 571. — Calyciflor.f., Linn. Gen. Char. Sterile and Fertile Flowers on two distinct plants (see figs. 1 & 2). Sterile Flowers. Calyx (see fig. 4.) in 2 deep, roundish, valve-like segments, at first folded flat together. Corolla none. Anthers sessile, strap-shaped, upright, of 2 cells, not longer than the calyx. Fertile Flowers. Calyx (sec fig. 5.) of 1 sepal, inferior, tubular, cleft at the summit, permanent. Co- rolla none. German (see fig. 6.) superior, small, roundish. Style (see fig. 5.) short and thick. Stigma simple, oblong, protruding beyond the calyx. Nut (see figs. 8 & 9.) 1-seeded, surrounded by the enlarged, berrv-like calyx. Seed (see figs. 6 & 7.) solitary, oblong, polished, with a furrow at each side. The deeply-cloven calyx of the barren flowers ; and the tubular, slightly-cleft calyx ; and the 1-seeded nut, surrounded by the en- larged, coloured, berry-like calyx of the fertile flowers ; will dis- tinguish this from other genera, without a corolla, in the same class and order. One species British. HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES. Buckthorn-like Hippophae. Sea Buckthorn. Sallowthorn. Willowlhorn. Spec. Char. Branches each ending in a spine. Leaves strap- shaped, scattered, silvery and scaly on the under side. EngL Bot. t. 423. — FI. Dan. t. 265. — Pall. FI. Russ. v. i. t. 68. — Linn Sp. PI. p. 1452. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed. ) p. 431. — Wiltd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. 11. p. 743. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 1075. ; Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 238. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 241. — Lindl. Syn. p. 208. — Ilook. Brit. FI. p. 435. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit. p. 1324. f. 1206. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 202. — Rev. G. E. Smith’s PI. of S. Kent. p. 66. — Irv. Loud. FI. p. 125. — Baines’ FI. of Yovksh. p. 85. — Hippophae tittora/is, Salisb. Prod. p. 71. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 264. — lthamnoides fructifera, J'ohis Saltcis, baccis leviter flavescentibus, Ray’s Syn. p. 445. — Blackst. Spec. Bot. p. 83. — Jacob. PI. Faversh. p. 96. — Rhamnus secundits, Clus. Hist. v. i. p. 110. — Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 1334. Localities. — Sand-hills ami cliffs upon the coast of the East and South-east ol England. — Essex; Near Convey Island: Ah. Hill, in Blackst. Sp Bot. — Kent; In a Salt-marsh too milts from Sheerness: ibid. Abundant between Fig. 1. Portion of a Sterile Plant.— Fig. 2. Ditto of a Fertile one.— Fig. 3. A Branch in leaf. — Fig. 4. A Sterile Flower, w ith a young leaf. — Fig. 5. A Fertile one.— Figs. 6 & 7. Seeds. — Fig. 8 it 9. Nuts. — -Fig. 10. A Berry, formed of the enlarged, tieshy calyx, and enclosing the nut. ’ From ippos, Gr a horse ; and phan, Gr. to brighten ; but why so called cannot be determined. Hooker. + See fol. 1 13, note +. ice lol. 46, note t. folkstone and Sandgate, undercliff; and a little West of St. Margaret’s Bay, by JJover: I,. YV. Dillwyn, Esq. In Sliepey ; and near Sandown Castle, plentifully: E. Jacob, Esq. Below the church at Folkslone, upon the Green Sand ; upon the chalk, at Lydden Spout; and upon sand, east of Deal: Rev. G. E. Smith. — Lincolnsh. At Skegness, on the beach near the sea: Rev. G. Crabby. Sea-hanks on Lindsey coast, plentifully : Dr. Lister, in Ray's Syn. — Norfolk ; Plentifully between Yarmouth and Cromer; and between Cromer and Mundesley : Sir J. E. Smith. On Cley and Shetingham Cliffs : Mr. Crowe. Sandhills at llemsby: Mr. Wigg. Ormesby ; J. Paget, in N.B. G. Mar- rams, Caistor, and Hemsbv, abundant: N. B. G. — Yorksh. On the sea-bank between Whitby and Lythe, plentifully: Ray. Cliffs between Whitby and Land's End : Mr. Baines, in FI. of Yorksh. Shrub. — Flowers in April and May. A bushy rigid Shrub, from 5 to 8, or 10 feet high, in a wild state ; with numerous, irregular, spreading, leafy branches, covered with a brown scaly bark, and each terminating in a thorn. Leaves numerous, scattered, deciduous, strap-spear-shaped, bluntish, very entire, an inch and a half, or nearly two inches long, and about a quarter of an inch broad, on very short petioles ; dark green on the upper surface, with circular, silvery, scale-like dots, each accom- panied by a tuft of white radiating hairs, which, viewed under the microscope, greatly resemble Erysiphe adunca, so beautifully figured by Dr. Greville, in his Scottish Cryptogamic Flora, t. 296. ; under surface of a shining silvery-white, with scattered tufts of hair similar to those on the upper. Flowers green, very small, in the bosoms of the leaves while very young (see figs. 1 & 2). Fruit (fig. 10.) berry-like, formed of the enlarged, permanent, fleshy calyx, somewhat stalked, rather elliptical, orangeTcoloured, very acid, with an austere vinous flavour. This plant is a native on sandy sea-coasts in many other parts of Europe as well as in England ; but it has not been found wild either in Wales, Scotland, or Ireland. It is often cultivated in gardens on account of the beauty of its grey, silver-looking foliage. Every part of the plant abounds in colouring matter, which is used as a yellow dye. The berries afford a kind of sauce to the poor in Sweden and the south of France. They are a favourite food with the Tartars, who make a jelly or preserve of them, and serve them up with milk or cheese, as great dainties; and the fishermen in the Gulf of Bothnia eat them with their fish. They are entirely harmless, although in Dauphiny and Spain they are considered poisonous. J. J. Bosseau gives an account of his having made a botanical excursion in the neigh* bourhood of Grenoble, with a local botanist, who, though he saw him eating the fruit, which he believed to be poisonous, was so polite, or regarded Rossbau with so much respect, that he durst not presume to warn him of his danger ; and was astonished that death did not ensue when he saw him eat the berries so plentifully. The Natural Order Elaiagne.e is composed of dicotyledonous shrubs or trees, with entire, extipulate leaves, which are covered, as well as the bark, with minute silvery scales. Their flowers are apetalous, and mostly dicecious. The sterile flower consists of a 2- or 4-parted calyx, and 3 or more stamens, with 2-celled anthers. The fertile flower has an inferior, tubular, permanent calyx, with an entire, or 2- to 4-toothed limb. The ovary is 1-celled, with a solitary ovule. The fruit is crustaceous, and enclosed within the calyx, which has become fleshy ; and the seed is erect ; with a straight embryo, surrounded by very thin fleshy albumen. — HlF- roPtiAK is the only British genus in the order. . > . ,, 4 •- ■ ■' • - (4*27.) ElUO'PHOHUM *. Linnean Class and Order. Tria'ndria f, Monogyma. Natural Order. Cypera'ce.e, Juss. — Lindl. Syn. p. ‘278. ; lntrod. to Nat. Syst. ofBot. p. 304. — Rich, by Macnilliv. p. 392. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 541. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 318. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.'i p. 427. — Cyperoideas, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 26. — Sm. Gr. of Bot. p. 68. — Cyperales; sect. Cyperiv.e ; type, Scirpaceas ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 354 & 357. — Calamaria:, Linn. Gen. Char. Spikes (see fig. 1.) solitary and terminal, or fasci- culate and bracteated,of numerous florets (see figs.l & 2.) all perfect. Glumes (see figs. 1 & 2.) imbricated in every direction, uniform, flat, mostly membranous and greyish, pointed, with 1 or 3 slender ribs, not awned ; one or two of the lower ones sometimes sterile. Corolla none. Filaments (see fig. 2.) 3, hair-like. Jlnthers pendu- lous, prominent, strap-shaped. Germen (see fig. 3.) inversely egg- shaped, encompassed with numerous fine hairs $ from the receptacle , shorter than the style, but subsequently greatly elongated. Style (see fig. 2.) simple, entirely deciduous. Stigmas 3, downy. Fruit (see fig. 4.) 3-cornered, pointed. Distinguished from other genera in the same class and order by the in 'erior chaffy florets; the single, nearly equal glumes , imbri- cated on all sides ; and the fruit accompanied by long silky hairs. Seven species British. ERIO'PHORUM VAGINA'TUM. Sheathed Cotton-grass. llare’s-taiJ Cotton-grass. Moss Crops. Spec. Char. Stem triangular above ; round below, with reti- culated sheaths, the lower ones elongated into long bristle-like leaves, the upper ones leafless, inflated. Spike egg-shaped, solitary. Engl. B6t. t. 873. — Curt. FI. Lond. t. 219 — Graves’ Br. Grasses, t. 1. — FI. Dan. t. 236.— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 76. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 22. — Willd. Sp. l’l. v. i. pt. i. p. 312. — Sin. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 58. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 66. — With. (7th ed. ) v. ii. p. 98. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 80. — Lindl. Syn. p. 282. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 25. — Mncr. Man. Br. Bot. p. 246. — Lightf. FI. Seot. v. i. p. 90. — Thomp. l’l. of Berw. p. 7. — l’urt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 66. — Hook. FI. Seot. p. 20. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 12. — Siucl. Ilort. Gram. Woburn, p. 358. — FI. Devon, pp. 9 & 111. — Johns!. FI. of Berw. v. i. p. 16. — "Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 4. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 14. — Perry’s PI. Varvic. Selcetae, p. 6. — Murr. North. FI. p. 36.— Dick. FI. Abred. p. 22. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 21S. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 111. ; Lcight. FL of Shropsh. p. 30. — Maek. Catal. l'l. of Irel. p. 11. ; FI. Hibern. p. 323. — Enophu- rutn ccespitosum , Host. Gram. Austr. v. i. p. 30. t. 39. — Schrad. Germ. v. i. p. 150. — J uncus alpinus cum cauda leporina, Bauh. Hist. v. ii. p. 514, with a figure. — Ray’s Syn. p 436. — Juncus alpinns . capita to lunuginoso, Bauli. Prod, p. 23. ; Theatr. p. 187. f. 188. — Scheuchz. Agr. p 302. t. 7. f. 1, 2, 3. Fig. 1. A spike of Flowers. — Fig. 2. Separate Flower, magnified. — Fig. 3. A Seed, with its accompanying tuft of hairs. — Fig. 4. Seed or Fruit, natural size, and magnified. From erion. Gr. wool ; and phero , Gr. to bear ; the seeds being encompassed with long wool-like hairs. t See folio 45, note t. ; 1 hose hairs are, by some Botanists, considered as the true peri cnt/l (sec fol. 33, note t), and are styled periggnium. Localities. — On barren mountainous moors, and on turfy boRgy beatlis, not (infrequent, especially in the more noithcrn counties. — Oxfordsh Marshes at Ileadington: Or. Maton. Not found there now: \V. B —Cheshire ; On the moors above Stay ley Wood, &c.: Bot. Guide. — Cornwall ; On wet moors, not uncommon. Near Penzance, by the Cromlech: ibid. Mr. H. C. Watson be- lieves he Iras seen it on the heath near Kynance Cove : see N. B. G. — Cumber- land; On ail the hills and peat-mosses in low grounds: B.G. Common among the hills, ascending to the top of Saddleback : N. B. G. — Derbysh. Hills behind Mam Tor from Castleton; near Pleasley ; Combe’s Moss: ibid. — Devon; Dart- moor Common; Haldon ; and in bogs between Clovelly and ;\ilkhampton : FI. Devon. — Durham; Turfy bogs, on moors, CScc. : N. J. Winch, Ksq .—Kent; On Waterdown Forest, near the piace where the Aspidium Thelvpteris grows : N. B.G. — Lancash. Blackstone Kdge; Pillan Moss: B.G. — Norfolk; On Bawdsey Bottom near Lynn: B.G. — Northumberl. Turfy bogs, on moors. Prestwick Carr; and near Shewing Shields: N. J. Winch, F.sq. — Notts ; com- mon: N. B.G. — Shropsh. Clee Hills; K.llardine Moss; near Ellesmere, abun- dantly; Hancott Bog; bog near Kllesmere; Felton Farm, near Ludlow; Bomere Pool, near Shrewsbury; Knockin Heath; and Vownog Bog, near Westfelton : FI. of Shropsh.— Somerset. On Glastonbury, and Buttle Tuft- moors, abundantly : B.G. — Surrey; Leigh Hill Common, near Dorking ; and boggy parts of Shirley Common, near Croydon: B.G. — Sussex; Amberley Wildbrooks, and neighbouring bogs; Broadwater Common near Tunbridge Wells: B.G. Mr. W. Fajipun, jun. doubts whether it has been found on Broadwater Common, of late years. — Wurivicksh. Banncrsley Pool; bog below Coleshill ; Bitmingham Heath, in the marshy valley, crossed by the footpath to Winson Green; and near Packington : N.B.G. — Westmoreland ; common : B.G. — Worcestersh. rare: N. B.G. — Yorksh. On high barren moors. Cronk- ley Fell; Richmond ; Blackmoor, near Leeds; Heath north-west of I errington Cari ; and on Black Bird Moor, both near Castle Howard; Tanfield Carr; bog in the Ox ('lose, near Ripon ; near Beverley ; Moors between llainblelon and Helmsley ; Moors near Gearstones ; on Cockil Moss and Helleth Moss, near Settle; and at the foot of Pennigent Hill: Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. — W Cl.KS. Frequent in the counties of Brecknock ; Carmarthen ; Caernarvon ; Denbigh; Flint; Glamorgan ; Merioneth ; and Monmouth. — Not uncommon in I url- bogs and barren Aloors in SCO I LA ND and LIIELA N D, especially in moun- tainous districts. Perennial. — Flowers in March and April. Root slightly creeping. Culms ( stems J tufted, jointed, smooth, triangular at the top, round below, upright, shorter than the leaves when in flower, but finally becoming much longer, with several in- flated, strongly reticulated sheaths in the lower part, one or two of them elongated into leaves. Leaves numerous, upright, slender, triangular, striated, sharp-pointed. Spike (see fig. 1.) solitary, terminal, somewhat acuminate, silvery-grey when in flower. Glumes (see fig. 2.) with long points, thin, membranous, shining, single- ribbed. Anthers prominent, yellow. Fruit triangular, rough with minutely elevated points. This is an elegant grass, especially when in seed, at which time its spikes are very conspicuous, resembling tufts of the finest white silk or cotton. Sheep are said to be very fond of this grass, but its produce is very scanty ; and Mr. Sinclair remarks, that as far as he had opportunity to observe, they only crop the foliage in the Spring, till the finer natural grasses afford them a bite. The long silky hairs which spring from the base of the fruit of this and some other species of the same genus, have been attempted to be manu- factured into cloth, paper, &c\, but from the brittleness of their texture most of the attempts have failed. (428.) SUBULA'RTA* *. Livnean Class and Order. Tetradyna'mia f, Siliculo'sA*. Natural Order. Cruci'fer.f. §, Juss Gen. PI. p. 237. — Sin. Gram, of Bot. p. 138.; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 153. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 498. — Crucifer .n t ( vmJ. ^irrrvcrurns < Atxn-t/i&’o. /? Pu& *b l>' Barter Botanic Carden Oxford JSil. Martuns. Bil.SC (431 .) JUNIPERUS* *. Linnean Class and Order. DiCE'ciAf, Monade'lphia+. Natural Order. Coni'fer.e, Linn. — Juss. Gen. PI. p. 411. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 190. — Lindl. Syn. p. 240.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p.247. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p.546. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 535. ; Arb. et Frutic. Brit. p. 2103. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 258. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 420. — Pineales; sect. Cupres- sina: ; type, Thujacea: ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v.i. pp. 492 & 502. Gen. Char. Sterile Flower (see fig. 1). Catkin (fig. 1.) coni- cal, without scaly bracteas. Stamens inserted in the axis of the catkin, imbricated ; filaments (see figs. 2, 3, & 4.) dilated into a scale bearing the anthers on the margin at the base ; anthers from 3 to 6, globose, 1 -celled. Fertile Flower (see fig. 5.) Catkin egg- shaped, resembling a bud ; consisting of from 1 to 3 fleshy germens, with bracteas at the base. Berry (fig. 6.) composed of the en- larged and united germens, scaly at the base, 3-seeded (see fig. 7). Seeds (fig. 8.) obscurely 3-cornered, with 5 gland-bearing cells towards the base. The egg-shaped catkin of sterile fiowers, each with from 3 to 6, globose, 1-celled anthers; and the 3-seeded, berry-like fruit, of the fertile flowers ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Two species British. JUNl'PERUS COMMU'NIS. Common Juniper. Spec. Char. Stem upright. Leaves 3 in a whorl, tipped with a spine, spreading, longer than the ripe fruit. Engl. Bot. t. 1100. — Wooilv. Med. Bot. v. ii. p. 259. t. 95. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1470, a. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed. ) p. 436, a. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. ii. p. 853. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 1085. ; Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 251. — With. (7th ed. )v. iii. p. 795. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 226. — Lindl. Syn. p. 241. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 438, excl. var. (3. — Loud. Arh. et Frutic. Brit. p. 2489. in part. f. 2348. and f. 2349. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 219. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. ii. p. 623. excl. var. 0. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 210. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 350. — Thomps. PI. of Berw. p. 97. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 95. — Thorn. Fam. Herb. p. 845, with a figure. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. ii. p. 462. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd edit.) p. 411. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 290. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 211. — Johnst. FI. of Berw. v. i. p. 221. — Winch’s FI. of Northumbl. and Durh. p. 65, excl. var. /3. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 299. — Baxt. Lib. of Agricul. and Horticul. Knowl. (2nd edit. ) p. 404. — Lindl. FI. Med. p, 556. — Bab. FI. Bath, p. 46.; Suppl. p. 92. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 58. — Irv. Loud. FI. p. 114. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 85. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 35. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 94. — Leight. FI. of Shropsli. p. 496. — Mack. Catal. of PI. of Irel. p. 87. ; FI. Hibern. p. 259. — Juniperus vulgaris, baccis parvis purpureis, Ray’s Syn. p. 444. — Bauh. Hist, v. i. pt. ii. p. 293. — J. vulgaris fruticosa, Bauh. Pin. p. 488. — Juniperus, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 1372. Localities. — On heaths and open hilly spots, especially on a chalky soil. Fig. a. A Branch with Sterile Flowers. — Fig. b. Ditto with Fertile ones.— Fig. 1. Sterile Flower. — Figs. 2, 3, & 4, Stamens. — Fig. 5. A Fertile Flower. — Fig. 6. A Ripe Fruit. — Fig. 7. The same with part of the fleshy covering removed. — Fig. 8. One of the Nuts. — Figs. 1 to 5, somewhat magnified. * From jeneprus, Celtic, rude or rough. f See folio 143, note +. $ See folio 106, note t. Shrub. — Flowers in May. A low, evergreen, bushy shrub, seldom rising more than three or four feet high; and sending out many spreading, tough, leafy branches, which incline on every side, and are covered with a smooth, brown or reddish bark, with a tinge of purple. Branches, when young, somewhat triangular, or quadrangular, the angles occasioned by tubular ridges which contain an abundance of resin- ous matter ; these ridges disappear on the older branches, and the bark becomes cracked and scaly. Leaves spreading, three in each whorl, strap-shaped, straight, entire, with a fine sharp point; channelled and glaucous above ; convex, keeled, and dark green, beneath ; the margins sometimes roughish. Flowers axillary, sessile, small; the sterile ones (fig. 1.) discharging a copious cloud of yellow pollen ; fertile ones (fig, 5.) green, on scaly stalks ; these are succeeded by roundish berries, which continue on the bush two years, and are first green, but, when ripe, are of a dark purple or blackish-blue colour, covered with a bloom. Each berry contains three seeds or nuts (see fig. 7.) and is marked at the top with three raised dots, and a 3-forked groove. In a wild state this is usually a low shrub, but when cultivated it will attain the height of 10 or more feet ; and Mr. Loudon, in his excellent Aboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum, records a tree of this species at Wardour Castle, which is 30 feet high, and is supposed to be the largest in England. The Juniper is obnoxious to the growth of grass, none, in general, being found to grow under it ; but it is said, that the Arena pratensis, or Meadow Oat- grass, will in turn destroy it. The wood is hard and durable, is finely veined, of a yellowish-brown colour, and very aromatic; and from its beauty, and the high polish it will take, it is employed for walking-sticks, cups, and various articles of turnery, and also for veneering, &c. It makes excellent fuel, and is used in Scotland and Sweden for smoking hams. The bark is made by the Laplanders into ropes. The berries are spicy and stomachic, and are esteemed in medicine as being stimulating and diuretic, their properties depending on an essential oil which they contain ; when boiled they yield a considerable quantity of sugar; and Linn/eus states, that such a decoction, when fermented, forms a common drink in Sweden ; they are, however, now principally used in making gin, which is simply a spirit distilled from corn, and flavoured by an infusion of these berries, but oil of turpentine is too often substituted for them, which, though it nearly resembles them in flavour, has none of their virtues. Horses, sheep, and goats are said to eat the Juniper, and various mountain birds feed on the berries. Podisoma Juniperi communis, Fr. is sometimes parasitical on the living branches; and Hysterium Juniperi, Grev. on the dead leaves of this species. — Juniperus nana, Sm. Engl. FI. is considered by many authors as a prostrate variety of J. communis. The Natural Order Conifers is composed of trees or shrubs, which abound in resin. Their leaves are strap-shaped, spear- shaped, or needle-shaped. Their flowers monoecious or dioecious ; with the sterile florets arranged on a deciduous catkin about a com- mon rachis ; and the fertile ones usually in cones, sometimes soli- tary. The ovules are upright, and naked, sometimes seated in an envelope, which in Taxus becomes succulent. The nuts are either solitary and naked, or enclosed within the hardened scales of a woody cone. Embryo with from 2 to 10 cotyledons. — The British genera are Pinus, t. 389. ; Taxus, t. 222. ; and Juniperus, t. 431. ) ’dui* Mathews. UdtGc oa'Vc'h aSa, . Cscuvt, n^itcc/ . O P’di*tyW3ai{tr, Botanic Gardm, OjdcrdSSlfl . 632 (432.) FE'DIA* Linnean Class and Order . Tria'ndria-)-, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Valeria'ne.e, Dec. FI. Fr. (3rd ed.) v. iv. p. 232. — Lindl. Syn. p. 137 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 197. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 458. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 520. — Don’s Gen. Syst. ofGard. and Bot. v. iii. p.665. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 139. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 410. — Dipsace.e, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 194. — Sin. Gram, of Bot. p. 125. — Syringales; subord. Aste- rosaj ; sect. Valerin^e; type, Valerianace^e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 900, 901, 916, & 917. — Aggregate, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (see fig. 1 .) small, upright, unequally toothed, crowning the fruit. Corolla (see figs. 1 & 2.) superior, of 1 petal, funnel-shaped, limb in 5 blunt segments ; tube gibbous at the base. Filaments (see figs. 2 & 3.) 3, sometimes more, inserted in the tube, and rather shorter than the limb. Anthers roundish. Germen (see fig. 2.) inferior, of 3 cells, roundish and oblong. Style (fig. 4.) thread-shaped. Stigma notched. Capsule (fig. 5.) various in shape, indehiscent, 3-celled, 2 cells abortive, crowned with the teeth of the permanent calyx. Seeds (fig. 6.) solitary, smooth. The small, unequally toothed calyx, crowning the fruit ; the monopetalous, 5-cleft corolla , gibbous at the base ; and the inde- hiscent, 3-celled capsule ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Six species British. FE'DIA CARINA'TA. Keeled-fruited Fedia. Carinated Corn- salad. Lambs’ Lettuce. Spec. Char. Capsule oblong, longitudinally boat-shaped, deeply furrowed in front, keeled at the back ; the two sterile cells nearly equal to the fertile one ; crowned with the straight single tooth of the calyx. Flowers capitate. Steven in Mem. Soc. Mosc. vol. v. p. 346. — Roem et Schultes Syst. v. i. p. 361. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 22. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sam. p. 48. — Valerianella cari- nata, Lois. Not. p. 149. — De Cand. Prod. v. iv. p. 629. — Lindl. Syn. (2nd edit.) p. 324. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 670. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 27. — Valerianella, semine umbilicato nudo oblongo, nobis, Moris. Oxon. sect. 7. t. 16. f. 31. Localitxfs. — In corn-fields, hedge-banks, and on walls; very rare.— Oxford- sbire ; On a wall in Rose Lane, Oxford, opposite the Botanic Garden ; May21, 1841. — As this species has been cultivated in the Botanic Garden for these last three years, it may possibly have escaped from thence to the wall on the oppo- site side of the lane; yet a Fedia has grown there for several years, but, till I examined it this season, I had always considered it to be F. olitoria, a species which is common about Oxford, but which is not now on the wall in question : Fig. 1. Involucrum. — Fig. 2. Germen, Calyx, and Corolla. — Fig. 3. Corolla opened vertically. — Fig. 4. Pistil. — Fig. 5. Capsule. — Fig. 6. A Seed. — Fig. 7. Transverse section of the Capsule. — All, except figs. 1 & 6, magnified. From /edits, an ancient word, synonymous with hoedus, a kid. Don. + See folio 56, note t. W.B. — Essex ; On a garden wall at Marden Ash, a short mile from Ongar, nearly opposite to where the road branches off to Brentwood ( Mr. Borrer), very difficult to get at, and I have no doubt escaped from cultivation: W. A. Brommeld, in New Bot. Guide. — Shropshire ; Hedge-bank, close to the Long Lane Quarry, near Cheney Longville: W. A. Leighton, B. A. in FI. of Shropsh. Hedge-banks under the quarries near Leigh Hall, one mile from Grimmer Rocks: J. E. Bowman, Esq. ibid. Hedge-bank of a bye-road about a mile from the Craven Arms, eight miles W. of Ludlow: J. E. Bowman, in Brit. FI. 4th edit. — WALES. Denbighshire ; Between Gresford and Wrex- ham : ibid. — Common on cultivated and waste land in the islands of Jersey ; Guernsey ; and Alderney: C. C. Babington. Annual. — Flowers from April to June. Root small, tapering, fibrous. Stem from 3 to 15 inches high, dichotomously branched, without distinct flowers in the forks, grooved, and rough with rigid deflexed bristles. Root-leaves spa- thulate ; those of the stem oblong, blunt, entire, or slightly toothed, somewhat stem-clasping, their margins clothed with short, rigid, projecting bristles. Flowers small, pale-blue, in terminal, com- pact heads, with a kind of involucrum at their base, formed of numerous, crowded, often divided, oblong bracteas, ciliated and membranous at their margins. Capsule (see fig. 5.) oblong, some- what 4-angled, 3-lobed, deeply furrowed in front, keeled on the back, slightly pubescent, 3-celled, equal, two of the cells (see fig. 7.) a little divergent, single-ribbed on each side, and abortive, the fertile one transverse, with a longitudinal rib at the back, and ter- minated in a short blunt tooth. Seed solitary in the fertile cell, oval, smooth. (See The Flora of Shropshire). This species, which is a native in France, Germany, Tauria, Sicily, &c. as well as in Britain, has the habit of Fddia olitoria, or common Lambs’ Lettuce, to which it is closely allied, but from which it may be readily distinguished by its oblong, boat-shaped capsule, crowned with a single tooth. It may, like F. olitoria, be used in salads through the Winter and early Spring, as a substitute for common lettuce, to which it is said to be very little inferior. — The specimen figured was from a wall in Rose Lane, Oxford. The Natural Order Valeria'nea: consists of small, herbaceous , dicotyledonous plants, with opposite leaves, without stipulas. Their flowers are either corymbose, panicled, or capitate. The calyx is superior, with the limb either toothed or forming a pappus. The corolla is monopetalous, tubular, and inserted into the top of the germen, with from 3 to 6 lobes, either regular or irregular, and sometimes spurred at the base. The stamens vary from 1 to 5, they are inserted into the tube of the corolla, and alternate with its lobes. The ovary has one perfect cell and often two abortive ones. The fruit is dry and indehiscent ; and the seed solitary and pendu- lous, with a straight embryo, destitute of albumen. The British Genera are Valeriana, t. 90 ; and Fedia, t. 432. — It is said, that the seeds of Valeriana rubra (t. 90.) have been used in former times for embalming the dead ; and that some thus employed in the 12th century, on being removed from the cere-cloth, in the 19th century, and planted, vegetated. £33 Piubfty W B axlfr Botanic GarcUn.CxfcP'd*. Ma ikt ws. I'tl.&Sc 1 (433.) , OROBUS* *. Linnean Class and Order. DiADE'LPHiAf, Deca'ndria. Natural Order. Legumino'sa;, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 345. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 174. — Lindl. Syn. p. 75. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 87. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 532. — Sm. Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 259. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 509. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p. 91. — Legumina'ceje, Loudon’s Arb. Brit. p. 561. — PapilioNa'ce-e +, Linn. — Rosales; sect. Cicerin;e; subsect. Lotian-e ; type, Lathyrace^e ; subtype, Vicid^e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp.614, 638, 642, 659, & 661. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, cup-shaped, unequal, with 5 acute segments ; the two upper shorter and more distant ; the lower one longest. Corolla (fig. 2.) papilionaceous, of 5 petals ; standard (fig. 3.) inversely heart-shaped, reflexed at the sides, rather longer than the rest ; wings (fig. 4.) inversely egg-shaped, ascending, approaching each other ; keel (fig. 5.) rounded, pointed, rather tumid, of 2 united petals, with separate claws. Filaments (fig. 6.) 10, 9 united into a compressed tube, open at the upper edge ; the 10th hair-like, and distinct. Anthers small, roundish. Germen (fig. 7.) oblong, compressed. Style (see fig. 7.) ascending, straight, cylin- drical, channelled above. Stigma longitudinal, linear, downy, running along the inner, or upper, side of the upper half of the style. Legume (fig. 8.) oblong, or linear, tumid, or somewhat cylindrical, with a sharp ascending point, of 1 cell, and 2 rigid, twisting valves. Seeds (fig. 9.) several, roundish, with a linear hilum. The cup-shaped, irregularly 5-cleft calyx, blunt at the base ; the slender, strap-shaped style, downy on the upper side, beneath the stigma ; the cylindrical, oblong, 1-celled, many-seeded legume ; and the leaves without tendrils ; will distinguish this from other genera, with diadelphous stamens, in the same class and order. Three species British. O'ROBUS TUBERO'SUS. Tuberous-rooted Orobus. Bitter- Vetch. Heath Pea. Wood Pea. Heath Peaseling. Spec. Char. Stem simple, winged, smooth, upright, tuberous at the base. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, elliptic-spear- shaped, smooth. Stipulas half-arrow-shaped ; toothed at the base. Peduncles few-flowered, scarcely longer than the leaves. Engl. Bot. t. 1153. — Curt. FI. Lond. t. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1028. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed. ) p. 314. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. ii. p. 1074. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 761. ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 272. — With. (7th ed. ) v. iii. p. 837. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 613. — Lindl. Syn. p. 87. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 320. — De Cand. Prod. v. ii. p. 378. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p. 339. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 60. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 388. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 221. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 155. — Bryant’s FI. Diaetet. p. 37. — Thomps. PI. Berw. p. 72. — Davies’ Welsh Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Fig. 3. The Standard. — Fig. 4. One of the Wings. — Fig. 5. The Keel. — Fig. 6. Stamens. — Fig. 7. Germen, Style, & Stigma. — Fig. 8. Legume. — Fig. 9. A Seed. — Fig. 10. The tuberous Root. • From oro, Gr. to strengthen or invigorate ; and bous, Gr. an ox ; from the plants yielding food for cattle. + See folio 77. note t. $ See folio 117. note 4, Bot. p. 69. — Purt. Midi. FI. y,i. p. 340. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 213. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 156. — FI. Devon, pp. 120 & 174 — Jolmst. FI. of Berw. v. i. p. 159. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 47. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 206. — Loud. Encycl. of Gavd. (new ed, 1835.) p. 882. paragr. 4708. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 14. ; Suppl. p. 75. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 48. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 175. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 63. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 40. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 33. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 351. — Mack. Catal. of PI. of Irel. p. 66. ; FI. Hibern. p. 84. — Orobus sylvaticus, foliis oblongis glabris, Ray’s Syn. p. 324. — Astragalus sylvaticus, Johns. Gerarde, p. 1237. — Sibb. Scot, lllust. pt. u, p. 11. t. 1. Localities. — In mountainous pastures, thickets, and woods ; frequent. Perennial. — Flowers in May and June. Root somewhat creeping, externally blackish, with oblong tu- bers. Stem about a foot high, sometimes decumbent, but usually upright, simple, slender, smooth, leafy, with 3 or 4 angles, the two opposite angles winged. Leaves alternate, winged, their common foot-stalk (petiole) projecting beyond the leaflets into a bristle- shaped appendage ; leaflets from 2 to 3 pairs, elliptic-oblong, oppo- site, sessile, entire, smooth, with a sharp point, and 3 longitudinal ribs. Stipulas half-arrow-shaped, usually more or less toothed at the base, sometimes entire. Peduncles axillary, about as long as the leaves, few-flowered ; each flower on a short, slender pedicel. Calyx (fig. 1 .) tubular, smooth, purplish, blunt at the base, irregu- larly 5-toothed, lower tooth the longest, two upper teeth shortest. Corolla (fig. 2.) elegantly variegated and veined, with purple, crim- son, and shades of blue and flesh-colour, changing to blue as it fades. Legume (fig. 8.) pendulous, long, cylindrical, black when ripe. Seeds globose, a little compressed, of a yellowish-brown colour. It sometimes varies with narrow strap-shaped leaflets, and it then constitutes Orobus angustifolius of Roth’s Tentamen Florae Germanicce, v. i. p. 305 ; and of D. Don, in The Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, v. iii. p. 301. This species of Orobus is a native of almost every part of Europe, in woods, and among bushes. In the Highlands of Scotland it is called Corr or Cor-Meille, and the Highlanders have a great esteem for the tubercles of the roots (see fig. 10), which they dry and chew, as our people do tobacco, to give a better relish to their liquor. They also affirm them to be good against most disorders of the chest, and that by the use of them they are enabled to repel hunger and thirst for a long time. In Breadalbane and Ross-shire they sometimes bruise and steep them in water, and make an agreeable fermented liquor with them. They have a sweet taste, something like the roots of liquorice, and when boiled are savoury and nutri- tious ; ground to powder they may be made into bread. In Holland and Flanders they are roasted and eaten in the' same manner as chesnuts. This plant is supposed to be the Chara named in C/esar’s Commentaries, De Bell. Cib. iii. 40., the root of which, steeped in milk, was such a relief to the famished army at the siege of Dyrrachium. It is also believed to have been the Caledonian food described by Dio, on which, mixed with milk, the soldiers of Valerius’ army subsisted under a penury of bread. Horses, cows, goats, and sheep, will eat the plant. — The tubers of Lathyrus tuberosus (Bot. Mag. t. 111.), an exotic plant, are said to possess the same pro- perties as those of the Orobus, and instructions for the cultivation of them may be seen in the 2nd volume of the Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, p. 359.; and in Mr. Loudon’s Encyclopoedia of Gardening, (new edit. ) p. 882. paragr. 4708. If 3 4 is ib a odkembtl . tCSc. Pu*l y iyWBeuchr P Ga '‘d f*ti Oxford Tull (434.) SA'LIX* * Linnean Class and Order. Dice'cia f, Dia'ndria +. Natural Order. Salici'neas, Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 543. — Lindl. Intr. to Nat. Syst. p. 98. — Salica'ce.-e, Loud. Arboret. et Frutic. Brit. v. iii. p. 1453. — Amenta'ce.e, Linn. — Juss. Gen. PI. p. 407. — Srn. Gram, of Bot. p. 189. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 534. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p.242. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 419. — Querneales ; sect. Quercinje ; type, Salicacea: ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 523 & 526. Gen. Char. Flowers dioecious, very seldom monoecious. Sterile Flower (see figs. 1 & 2). Catkin oblong, many-flowered, imbri- cated every way. Calyx (fig. 2.) a single-flowered, oblong, spread- ing, flexible scale. Petals none. Nectary a small, lateral, oblong, blunt, compressed, honey-bearing gland, sometimes double. Fila- ments (see fig. 2.) usually 2, rarely 1, or from 3 to 5, or more, straight, thread-shaped, longer than the calyx ; in some partly com- bined. Anthers 2-lobed, of 2 or 4 cells. Fertile Flower (see figs. 3 & 4). Catkin and Calyx as in the sterile flower. Germen (see fig. 4.) superior, egg-shaped, sessile or stalked. Style terminal, permanent. Stigmas 2, notched and obtuse, or cloven and acute, spreading. Capsule (see figs. 5 & 6.) egg-shaped, blunt, or taper- ing, of 1 cell, and 2 valves. Seeds numerous, minute, oval, tufted, with soft, simple, upright hairs. The entire scale of the calyx, destitute of a corolla; the sterile flowers with from 1 to 5 stamens, or sometimes more, with 1 or more glands close to them ; the fertile flowers with 1 pistil, either sessile or stalked, with 1 or more glands inserted close to it ; and the 1 -celled, 2-valved capsule ; will distinguish this from other genera, with imbricated catkins, in the same class and order. Seventy species British. SA'LIX PURPU'REA. Purple Willow. Bitter Purple Willow. Spec. Char. Monandrous. Branches decumbent. Leaves spear-shaped, broadest upwards, tapering below, serrated, smooth. Germens egg-shaped, very pubescent, sessile. Stigma egg-shaped, nearly sessile. Engl. Bot. t. 1388. — Salict. Wob. p. 1. t. 1. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1144. ; FI. Suec. p. 347. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd edit.) p. 427. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. II. p. 672. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 1039. ; Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 187. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 56. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 227. — Lindl. Syn. p. 232. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 413. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 212. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit. v. iii. p. 1490. figs. 1294 and f. 1. in p. 1603. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. ii. p. 598. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed. ) p. 402. — Trans, of Linn. Soc. v. vi. p. 113. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. iii. p. 74. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 277. — FI. Devon, pp. 156 & 133. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 289. — Irv. Loud. FI. p. 286. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 46. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 92. — Mack. Catal. of PI. of Irel. p. 84. ; FI. Hibern. p.243. — Salix monandra, Curt. FI. Loud. t. . f. 5. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 212. — Salix rubra, minima: fragilis, folio longo angusto, Bauh. Hist. v. i. pt. n. p. 215. Fig. 1. Catkin of Sterile Flowers. — Fig. 2. A single Sterile Flower. — Fig. 3. Catkin of Fertile Flowers. — Fig. 4. A single Fertile Flower. — Fig. 5. Capsule, with seed. — Fig. 6. The same after the seed has escaped. — Fig. 7. Branch in leaf. — Figs. 2, 4, 5, & 6, magnified. * From sal, near ; and l is, water, in Celtic. ■\ See folio 143, note t. J See folio OO, note t. Localities. — In low meadows, about the banks of rivers and watery ditches; not common.— Oxfordsh. Side of the ditch round Christ Church Meadow; undoubtedly planted there: W. B.— Beds, Thurleigh : Rev. C. Abbot.— Cam- bridgesk. Sides of ditches : llev. R. Reliian. — Devon. Sides of streams, occa- sionally : FI. Devon. — Leicestersh. In moist woods, and withy beds; Dr. Pulteney. — Norfolk ; In meadows between Norwich and Thorpe : Mr. Crowe. King-street Meadows, Norwich: ib.—Northamptonsh. Peakirk ; andThurnby : Martyn. — Surrey ; Between Vauxhall and Nine Kims, by the Thames side: Martyn. — Yorkshsh. About Beverley: Tf.esdale. Near Nunwick by Ripon: Mr. Brunton. In low grounds between Beverley and Hull: Mr. Baines. — SCOTLAND. Dumfriesshire; Banks of the Esk, near Netherby ; in Esk- dale: Lightfoot. — Forfarsh. In the lower parts of the count/: Mr. Don. — Roxburghsh. North bank of the Tweed, opposite Melrose : Mr. Maughan. — IRELAND. Sea-side, county ofMayo: Mack. Catal. About Newtownards, and between Stewartstown and Moneymore: Mr. Templeton. Ditch-bank near Garvagh, county of Derry: Mr. D. Moore. A Shrub. — Flowers in February and March. Stem 3 or 4 feet high, with long, slender branches, spread- ing widely, and, if not supported, trailing on the ground, very smooth, of a rich and shining purple, with a somewhat glaucous hue. Leaves partly opposite, partly alternate, on short, smooth petioles, without stipulas, spear-shaped, broadest above the middle, tapering below, slightly serrated, smooth, of a glaucous green, espe- cially on the under side. The catkins appear earlier than the leaves, and often on different branches; they are about an inch long, cylindrical, and bluntish ; their scales inversely egg-shaped, hairy, and black in their upper half. Nectary a single gland opposite to each scale. Filament always solitary, simple, smooth, and about twice the length of the scale. Anther tawny, of 4 lobes, and as many cells. Germen (fig. 4.) sessile, small, broadly elliptical, silky, rather longer than its scale, which is shorter than that of the sterile flower (fig. 2). Style scarcely any till after flowering, when it is slightly protruded. Stigmas egg-shaped, thick, blunt, permanent. Capsules (figs. 5 & 6.) hoary, densely downy. fSm. Engl. FI.) This, according to Sir J. E. Smith, is a very valuable Osier for fine basket-work, but more especially for platting into low close fences, to keep out hares and rabbits, the leaves and bark being so intensely bitter, that those animals will not touch either. The twigs are so long, tough, and flexible, that they may be interwoven into any shape ; and a fence of this kind is scarcely inferior to one made of wire. The Natural Order Salicinea: is composed of dicotyledonous trees or shrubs, whose leaves are alternate, simple, and furnished with deciduous or persistent stipules. The flowers are separated, and are either monoecious, or dioecious ; and collected into cylin- drical or egg-shaped catkins. The sterile flowers are composed of from 1 to 20 stamens, placed in the axilla of a scale-like calyx ( bractea of some authors), or upon its upper surface. The fertile flowers consist of a fusiform germen, with a simple style, terminated by two, notched or 2-parted, stigmas, situated in the axilla of a scale-like calyx. The fruit is coriaceous, 1- or 2-celled, contain- ing many seeds surrounded by long silky hairs, and opening by two valves. The embryo is erect, and the radicle inferior. — The bark of the Salicinece is generally astringent and tonic. It is em- ployed in tanning ; and that of some species, especially of Salix purpurea, S. Helix, and S. Russelliana, has acquired celebrity as a substitute for Peruvian bark in fevers. The only British genera in this order are Salix and Populus. - (435.) BU'NIUM* * Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Dicy'nia. Natural Order. Umbelli'fer2E+, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 218. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lindl. Syn. p. Ill ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 517. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 235. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 1 13. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 408.— Umbellat.e, Linn. — Rosales ; sect.ANGELiciNA; ; type.ANGELiCACEA: ; subty. Angelicidal ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 770, 773, & 774. Gen. Char. Flowers all uniform ; the innermost many of them barren. Calyx an obsolete margin. Corolla (fig. 1.) of 5, inversely heart-shaped, nearly equal petals, with indexed points. Filaments (see fig. 1.) 5, thread-shaped, spreading, longer than the corolla. Anthers roundish. Germen (see fig. 2.) inferior, egg-shaped, ribbed, smooth. Styles (see fig. 2.) 2, awl-shaped ; egg-shaped, angular, and much swelled, at the base ; permanent, more or less spreading. Stigmas blunt, somewhat capitate. Fruit (tig. 3.) contracted at the sides, linear-oblong, crowned with the conical bases of the nearly straight styles. Carpels with 5 equal, slender, obtuse ribs, with many vittce in the interstices. Seeds taper, convex, fiat in front. Universal Involucrum none ; partial of few leaves. Flowers white. The obsolete calyx ; the linear-oblong, smooth fruit, crowned with the conical bases of the nearly straight styles ; and the carpels with 5 slender, obtuse ribs, with many vittw in the interstices ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. BU'NIUM FLEXUO'SUM. Flexuous Earth-nut. Pig-nut. Ar- nut. Knipper-nut. Hawk-nut. Jur-nut. Ground-nut. Earth Chestnut. Spec. Char. Root a small, solitary tuber. Stem slender, taper- ing and zigzag at the base. Leaves very few, much divided into very slender strap-shaped segments. Style straight, conical at the base. Engl. Bot. t. 988. — With. (2nded.) v. i. p. 276. — Sym. Syn. PI. p. 70. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 301.; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 54. — With. (7th edit.) v. ii. p. 369. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 114. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 24. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 60. — Thomp. PI. of Berw. p. 20. — Davies’ Welsh Bot, p. 27. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 141. — Relli. FI. Cant. (3rded.)p. 114. — Johnst. FI. Berw. v. i. p. 68. — Winch’s FI. of Nortliumb. and Durli. p. 18. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 77. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 21. ; Prim. FI. Sain. p. 42. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 30. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 196. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 24. — Dow. FI. Guide, p. 25.— Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 46. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 131. — Gul. Catal. of PI. of Banb. p. 6. — Illinium bulbocasta- num, lluds. FI. Angl. (2nd cd.) p. 122. — With, (lsted.) v. i. p. 164. — Liglitf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 156. — Curt. FI. Lond. t. 273. — Relh. FI. Cant. (1st edit.) p. 118.— Hook. FI. Scot. p. 88. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 63. — FI. Devon, pp. 48 & 166. — Loud. Ency. of Gard. (new ed. ) p. 882. parag. 4709. — Mack. Catal. of PI. oflrel. p. 27. — Bunium denudatum, De Cand. FI. Fr. v. iv. p. 325. ; Prod. v. iv. p. 117. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 290. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 98. — Bu- Fig. 1. A separate Flower. — Fig. 2. Germen, Styles, & Stigmas. — Fig. 3. Fruit. — Fig. 4. Transverse section of ditto. — Fig. 5. Tuberous Root. — All , except fig. 5, magnified. * From bounos, Gr. a hill, or elevated spot ; the plant loving dry situations, t Sec folio 48, note +, ( Sec folio 235, a. ilium minus, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 514. — Bunium majus, Gouan. Illustr. p. 10. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. ii. p. 1391. — Bulbocastanon minus , Johns. Gerarde, p. 1064. — Banh. Pin. p. 162. — Bulbocastanum, Ray’s Syn. p. 209. — Conopodium flexuosum , Lind. Syn. p. 121. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 126. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 121. Localities. — In grassy pastures, on heaths, and in woods, especially on a gravelly soil ; common. Perennial. — Flowers in May and June. Root a solitary, globose, or somewhat irregularly-shaped, tuber ; of a chestnut-colour outside, white within, solid, producing from the sides and lower part a few slender fibres. Stem from one to two feet high, solitary, upright, roundish, striated, smooth ; tapering, zigzag, and whitish at the base, to a greater or less extent under ground ; sometimes, though rarely, it is straight and short in that part, when the root happens to be very shallow in the ground. Leaves with long, very narrow, pointed, entire segments; those from the root twice or thrice pinnatifid, on long, slender foot-stalks, tapering and zigzag under ground ; those on the stem twice or thrice ternate, scattered, nearly sessile, clasping the stem with their smooth, striated sheath, which is membranous and whitish at the margins. Umbels several, terminal, drooping before the flowers open, afterwards upright ; of 7, or more, smooth, slender, straight, stiff1 rays ; those of the partial umbels still more numerous. General Involucrum of from 1 to 3 leaves, often entirely wanting ; partial one of several leaves. Flowers white, all regular, or very nearly so, and all perfect, though some of the central ones bear no seed. Calyx mostly wanting, or obsolete ; sometimes of 2 or 3 short, sharp, spreading, permanent teeth. Fruit oblong, moderately rib- bed, a little narrower upwards, and terminated with the straight styles, which have conical, very tumid, bases. The roots of this plant are aromatic, sweet, and mucilaginous, with some acri- mony. They are frequently dug up and eaten by children. Shakspearb, in his “ Tempest,” makes Caliban say — “ I pr’ythee, let me bring thee where crabs grow ; And I with my long nails will dig thee pig -nuts ; Shew thee a jay’s nest, and instruct thee how To snare the nimble marmoset, ” &c. Swine are very fond of these roots, and will soon become fat with feeding on them ; and it is to procure these roots that pigs root up the earth in pastures, &c. Ray, in “ The Wisdom of God manifested in the Works of the Creation,” says, “ I have myself observed, that in pastures where there are earth-nuts to be found up and down in several patches, tho’ the roots lie deep in the ground, and the stalks be dead long before and quite gone, the swine will by their scent easily find them out, and root only in those places where they grow.” This is, as Dr. Withering observes, “ a singular and instructive example of the instinct with which the Creator has provided animals, in order to supply their wants.” — When boiled, these roots are very pleasant and delicious, and are supposed to afford great nourishment. Thus prepared, they are said to be eaten in Holland and the Alps, and in some parts of England in soup or broth. Roasted they are even superior to chestnuts. In Sweden they are an article of commerce. The true Bunium bulbocodium is a very different plant from ours, and has never been found wild in Britain. 136 (436.) ELEO'CHARIS* *. Linnean Class and Order. TitiA'NDRiAf, Monogy'nia. Natural Order.. Cypera'cea;, Juss. — Lindl. Syn. p.278.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 304. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 392. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 541. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 318. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 427. — Cyperoideas, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 26. — Sm. Gr. of Bot. p. 68. — Cyperales ; sect. Cyperin,® ; type, Scirpace.® ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 354 & 357. — Calamarg®, Linn. Gen. Char. Spike terminal, solitary, naked ; of numerous flowers, all perfect. Glumes (see fig. 1.) imbricated in every di- rection, expanded, uniform. Corolla none. Filaments (see fig. 1.) 3, hair-like. Anthers (see fig. 1.) strap-shaped. Germen (see fig. 2.) compressed. Style (see figs. 2 & 3.) dilated, or bulbous, at the base, and united by a suddenly contracted joint, with the germen. Stigmas 2 or 3. Fruit (see fig. 4.) compressed, bluntly 3-cornered, crowned with the permanent bulbous base of the style. Bristles ( perianth of Brown J (see fig. 1 to 4.) from 2 to 10, finely toothed, beneath the germen, rarely wanting. The simple, solitary, naked, many-flowered spike; the 1-valved glumes, imbricated on all sides ; the perianth of from 2 to 10 rough bristles ; and the lenticular, or bluntly 3-cornered seed, crowned with the hardened, dilated base of the style ; will distinguish this from other genera, with inferior, glumaceous flowers, in the same class and order. Six species British. ELEO'CHARIS PALU'STRIS. Marsh Spike-rush. Creeping Spike-rush. Marsh Club-rush. Spec. Char. Root creeping. Stem rounded. Stigmas two. Fruit roundish-obovate, most convex on one side, shorter than the four bristles. Outer glume smaller than the rest. Sm. Engl. FI. v. i. p. 63. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 105. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 77. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 23. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 248. — Johnst. FI. Berw. v. i. p. 16. — Winch’s FI. of Northumherl. and Durh. p. 4. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 14. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 53. ; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 101. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 21. — Irv. Bond. FI. p. 88. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 5. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 29. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 111. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 33. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 320. — Heliocharis palustris, Lindl. Syn. p. 280. — Scirpus palustris, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 70.— Engl. Bot. t. 131.— Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 17.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. i. p. 291. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 48. — Leers’ FI. Herbor. p. 10. t. 1. f. 3. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 87. — Itel. Rudb. p. 27. f. 2’ — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 22. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 10. — Tliomps. PI. of Berw. p. 7. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 6. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 63. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rded.) p. 21. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 18. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 10. — FI. Devon, pp. 7 & 115. — Murr. Northern FI. p. 31. — Gull. Catal. of PI. of Banbury, p. 2. — Mack. Catal. of PI. of Irel. p. 11. — Scirpus Equiseti capi- tulo majori, Ray’s Syn. p. 429. — Scheuchz. Agr. p. 360. — Juncus equiseti capitulis, Bauh. Tlieatr. p. 186. — Juncus minor capitulis equiseti, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 35. n. 5. figured at p. 1631, Appendix. — Juncus aquaticus capitulis Equiseti, Park. Theatr. Bol. p. 1196, with a figure. Fig. 1. A single Flower. — Fig. 2. Germen, Style, and Stigmas, and hypogynous Bristles. — Fig. 3. Same farther matured. — Fig. 5. Fruit, crowned with the bulbous base of the style, and accompanied by the bristles at the base. — All more or less magnified. * From elos, Gr. a marsh ; and chairo, Gr. to delight ; from its place of growth, t See folio 56, note -f\ Localities. — Side* of ditches, marshy places, and wet meadows ; common. Perennial. — Flowers in June and July. Root creeping, black, shining, and sending out, at intervals, slender, branching fibres. Culms many together, from 6 inches to a foot high, upright, nearly cylindrical, smooth and shining, with- out any central pith, and consisting of large membranous tubes, surrounded by smaller ones, each invested at the base with 2 or 3 tight, entire, cylindrical, reddish, shining sheaths. Leaves none. Spike egg-shaped or oblong, pointed, about half an inch long. Glumes (see fig. 1.) brown, bluntly keeled, egg-shaped, acute, with a membranous border. Stamens (see fig-1.) 3, hair-like. Anthers (see fig. 1.) strap-shaped, pale yellow, loosely spreading. Bristles 4, occasionally 5 or 6, longer than the germen, and clothed with de- flexed teeth, except at the base, which is slightly dilated. Germen (see fig. 2.) egg-shaped. Style (see fig. 2) 1, dilated and bulbous at the base (see figs. 2 & 3.), but its point of attachment with the germen contracted. Stigmas (see fig. 2.) only 2, downy, spread- ing, as long as the style. Fruit (see fig. 4.) brown and shining, inversely egg-shaped, tumid at each side, but most so on that next the glume ; crowned with the brown, wrinkled, compressed, per- manent, unpolished base of the style, and subtended by from 4 to 6 bristles, about its own length. Goats and horses are said to eat this plant ; cows and sheep to refuse it. Swine devour the roots greedily when fresh, (for which purpose they are collected by the Swedish peasants), but will not touch them when dry. The Natural Order Cyperace.e is composed of glumaceous, monocotyledonous, herbaceous plants, which generally grow in moist places, and on the margins of lakes and streams. Their stems are 3-cornered or cylindrical, with or without joints. Their leaves are sheathing, and their sheaths entire and not slit. The flowers are perfect or divided, consisting of imbricated solitary bracteae (see fig. 1.), very rarely enclosing other bracteae called glumes. The stamens are situated below the germen, and are definite, as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, or 12; but generally 3. The anthers are fixed by their base, and are entire and 2-celIed . The ovary is 1 -seeded, and often surrounded by bristles called Hypogynous Setae ; these bristles have been considered, by some authors, as the true perianth, and styled perigynium. The ovule is erect ; the style single, generally trifid, rarely bifid ; the stigmas entire ; and the fruit ( nut of Lindley, achenium of Hooker) crustaceous or bony ; with the embryo enclosed in the base of a copious albumen. The Cyperaceee are of little importance as affording food or medicine to man. The roots of Cyperus longus are said to be tonic. The celebrated Papyrus antiquorum, from which the chief of the paper used by the ancients was procured, belongs to this natural order. The British genera are, 1. Cyperus; 2. Cladium ; 3. Schcenus, t. 268. ; 4. Rhynchospora, t. 396 ; 5. Scirpus, t. 264 ; 6. Blysmus, t. 308. ; 7. Eleocharis, t. 436. ; 8. Eriophorum , t. 427. ; 9. Elyna ; and 10. Carex. McUhonrs, D*l.&S c. (437.) ACTINOCA'RPUS* *. Linnean Class and Order. Hexa'ndria f, IIexagy'nia, Natural Order. Alisma'ceas J, Dr. R. Brown. — Lindl. Syn. p. 253. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 253. — Rich, by Maegilliv. p. 399. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 536. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 271. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 421. — Liliales; sect. Alismin^e ; type, AlismacEj® ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v.i. pp. 418, 422, & 423. — Junci, sect. 3. Juss. Gen. PI. pp. 43 & 46. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 72. — Tripetaloidea:, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, of 3 egg-shaped, concave, permanent sepals. Corolla (see fig. 2.) of 3 roundish, flat, widely spreading, deciduous petals, much larger than the sepals, and alter- nate with them. Filaments (see fig. 3.) 6, awl-shaped, shorter than the corolla. Anthers roundish. Gcrmens (fig. 4.) superior, from 6 to 8. Styles (see figs. 3 & 4.) simple, oblique. Stigmas blunt. Capsules (figs. 5 & 6.) combined at the base, spreading in a radiated manner, 2-seeded. Seeds (figs. 7 & 8.) oblong, blunt, without albumen. Embryo (see fig. 9.) undivided, much curved. The calyx of 3 permanent sepals ; the corolla of 3 petals ; the 2-seeded capsules, combined at the base, and spreading in a star- like manner ; and the seeds with a undivided much curved embryo ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. It differs from Alisma (t. 337.) in the capsules being combined at the base, and spreading in a star-like manner. One species British. • ACTINOCA'RPUS DAMASO'NIUM. Common Star-fruit. Star- headed Water-Plantain. Star-headed Thrum-wort. Spec. Char. Leaves oblong, heart-shaped at the base, 5-nerved. Capsules 6, awl-shaped, compressed, spreading, opening longitu- dinally. Actinoca'rpus ( Brown’s Prod p. 342.) Damaso'nium, Hook, in FI. Lond. N. S. ; Brit. FI. p. 172. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 108. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 32. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 157. — Alisma Damasonium, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 486. — Engl. Bot. t. 1615.— Curt. FI. Lond. t. .— Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 159.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. ii. pt. I. p. 277. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 401. ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 204. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 464. — Lindl. Syn. p. 253. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 222. — Rev. G. E. Smith’s PI. of S. Kent, p. 23. — Pamp. PI. of Battersea, p. 8. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 106. — Damasonium stellatum, Dalech. Hist. p. 1058.— Pers. Syn. Plant, v. i. p. 400. — Damasonium Dalechampii, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 217. — Damasonium stellatum Dalechampii, Ray’s Syn. p. 272. — Plantago aquatica minor stellata, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 417. Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Corolla, — Fig. 3. Stamens and Pistils. — Fig. 4. Germens. — Fig. 5. Fruit, consisting of six capsules, combined at the base. — Fig. 6. A separate Capsule. — Figs. 7 & 8. Seed. — Fig. 9. The curved Embryo. — Figs. 2, 4, 8, and 9, magnified. * From aktin, Gr. a ray ; and karpos, Gr. f ruit ; in consequence of its curiously radiated fruit resembling a star-fish. Hooker. See folio 33, note -f. } See folio 109, a. Localities.— In ditches and pools, mostly on a gravelly soil; but not com- mon.— Berks ; On Winkfield Plain, near Windsor: Rev. Dr. Goodenough. Ditches about Soulhcote, near Reading : 3\1 r. Fardon. Bracknel near Windsor: Rev. E. F. Witts. — Cornwall ; Between Penzance and Marazion: Mag. Nat. Hist. Mr. Watson could not find it there. — Essex ; In pools and gravel-pits on Epping Forest, near Walthamstow, not uncommon; and in a pond near Rumford, as mentioned by Ray: Mr. E. Forster, jun. Plentiful in the pools about Woodford: L. W. Dillwyn, Esq. Wanstead Park: Mr. Sowerby. Ponds on Epping Forest, by the sixth milestone on the Lea-Bridge road, Wan- stead: N. J. Winch, Esq. — Herts; Dropmore Common: N. J. Winch, Esq. Totteridge Green : Mr. J. Woods, jun. — Kent ; Bogs on Ashdown Forest: Mr. T. F. Forster, jun. In a pool under the Cliff between Folkstone and Sand- gate, sparingly : L. W. Dillwyn, Esq. In a pond at East Church in Shepey : E. Jacob, Esq. in PI. Faversh. On Waterdown Forest, and in the ponds in Abergavenny Park: FI. Ton. — Middlesex; In a little bog at Harefield: Blackstone. Iver Heath towards Denham : Martyn. Near Hammersmith : Mr. Teesdale. Finchley Common : Mr. J. Woods, jun. Hounslow Heath ; and about London in several places: Curtis. — Shropshire ; Ellesmere Mere: Rev. A. Bloxam. — Suffolk /At Framlingham : Rev. Mr. Crabbe. — Surrey ; Abundant on Battersea and Wandsworth Commons: Mr. W. Pamplin, jun. and Mr. W. H. Baxter. New Pond, on Earlswood Common: Mr. G. Lux- ford. Ponds on Clapham Common ; Hedge Court Pond; in a pond on Esher Common, between Claremont Park and Claygate; in a small pond on Ditton Common, just in front of Ember Grove ; near Shilton’s Cottages, on the same Common; also on the opposite side of the Portsmouth road, in the bed of the Rye, near to the Turnpike House. Claygate, in a small pond by the road-side leading to the Telegraph Hill; Coulsdon ; near Cobham ; on Putney Heath; pit almost opposite the Wells at Streatham ; on Tooling and Leatherhead Com- mons ; and in ponds near Ewell: N. B. G. — Sussex; Pits on St. John’s, Chailey, and Broadmere Commons ; and at Henfield : N. B. G. Between Sheffield Aims and Horsted Keynes: Mr. E. Jenner. Perennial. — Flowers in June and July. Root of many long pale fibres. Leaves all radical, floating, oblong, bluntish, somewhat heart-shaped at the base, 5-nerved, quite entire, smooth and glossy, like every other part of the plant. Petioles ( leaf- stalks ) long, almost semicylindrical, broad and mem- branous at the base, tapering upwards. Scape (flower-stalk,) from 6 inches to a foot hign, bearing 1 or 2 whorls of flowers. Petals white, very delicate, inversely heart-shaped, each having a yellow spot at the base. Capsules (fig. 5.) 6, spreading in the form of a star, awl-shaped, compressed, 1- or 2-seeded, closely combined at the base, so as to appear like a single fruit. Seeds (figs. 7 & 8.) oblong, tuberculated and transversely striated, compressed, with a deep furrow on each side, occasioned by the form of the embryo within, which is cylindrical and bent double, somewhat like a horse-shoe (fig. 9). This plant is a native of France and Siberia, as well as of Eng- land ; it is subject to much variation in size, according to the depth of water in which it grows. — The specimen figured was sent to me by my very kind friend Mr. E. Jenner, of Lewes, to whom I am indebted for several other rare plants. IS8 (438.) POTE'RIUM* *. Linnean Class and Order. MoNCE'ciAf, Polya'ndria %. Natural Order. Rosa'ce/e § ; sect. Sanguisorbe.e ; Juss. Gen. PI. pp. 334 & 336. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. pp. 171 & 172. — Lindl. Syn. pp. 88 & 102. — Rich, by Macgilliv. pp. 528 & 530 — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 512. — Mack. FI. Hibern. pp. 85 & 105. — Sangui- sorbea:, Lindl. Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 80. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p. 589. — Rosales ; sect. Rosinjg ; subsect. Rosianje ; type, S nguisorbace.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 614, 683, 699, & 7 07. — Senticosas, Linn. Gen. Char — Flowers in a head, monoecious or polygamous. Sterile Flowers (see fig. 4). Calyx (fig. 3.) of 3 egg-shaped, co- loured, spreading, deciduous sepals. Corolla (fig. 4.) of 1 petal, tubular, in 4 deep, egg-shaped, concave, spreading segment, per- manent. Filaments (see fig. 4. & a.) numerous, 30 to 50, hair-like, flaccid, much longer than the corolla. Anthers roundish, 2-lobed. Fertile Flowers (see fig. 2. & b.) above the others. Calyx as in them. Corolla (fig. 2.) of 1 petal, wheel-shaped ; tube short, roundish, closed at the mouth ; limb in 4 deep, egg-shaped, flat, reflexed segments, permanent. Germens 2, egg-oblong, included in the tube of the corolla. Styles (see fig. 2.) 2, hair-like, coloured, much longer than the limb of the corolla. Stigmas (see fig. 2.) tufted, coloured. Pericarps (fig. 5.) 2, 1-seeded, invested with the hardened, 4-angled tube of the corolla. Seed inverted. The 3-leaved calyx ; the monopetalous corolla , with a deeply 4-cleft limb ; the sterile flower, with from 30 to 50 stamens ; and the fertile one with 2 pistils, and 2 1-seeded pericarps invested with the hardened 4-angled tube of the calyx ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. POTE'RIUM SANGUISO'RBA. Common Salad-Burnet. Gar- den-Burnet. Spec. Char. Spines none. Stem somewhat angular. Engl. Bot. t. 860. — Curt. FI. Loud. t. . — Mart. FI. Rust. t. 69. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1411. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 421. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. i. p. 421. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 1025. ; Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 147. — With. (7th ed. ) v. iii. p. 663. — Lind). Syn. p. 103. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 407. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p. 595. — Loud. Encycl. of Gard. (new ed.) p. 866. parag. 4480. — Macr. Man, of Brit. Bot. p. 70. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 168. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 209. — Dicks. Pract. Agr. v. ii. p. 837. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 90. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. ii. p. 463. — Relli. FI. Cant. (3rd edit.) p. 394. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 273. — FI. Devon, p. 154. — Johns. FI. of Berw. v. i. p. 206. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 61. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 281. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 16. — Prim. FI. Sam. p. 34. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 194. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 81. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 42. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 40. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 473. — Mack. Catal. PI. of Irel. p. 82.; Fl. Hibern. p. 106. — Poterium minus, Ray’s Syn. p. 203. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 575. — Pimpinella hortensis, Johnson’s Gerarde p. 1045. a. A Head of Sterile Flowers ; b. A Head of Fertile ones. — Figs. 1 & 3. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Asiugle Fertile Flower. — Fig. 4. A single Sterile Flower. — Fig. 5. The two Pericarps invested with the hardened permanent Calyx. — Fig. 6. A separate Pericarp. * Some say that this is the real toper’s plant, and that hence its name Poterium, from the custom of infusing it in various liquors. Burnett. t See folio 93, note t. f See folio 53, note t. § See folio 313, a. Localities. — On hilly pastures, &c. in a dry calearious soil ; frequent. Perennial. — Flowers from April to July. Root woody, whitish, penetrating deep into the earth. Stems from 6 inches to a foot high, or more, upright, angular, smooth, often of a reddish colour, branched, herbaceous, leafy, many- flowered. Leaves pinnate, of several pairs of roundish, or egg- shaped, deeply serrated, veiny leaflets, with an odd one, all of a deep, somewhat glaucous, green, smooth, but not shining, the nerves on the under side hairy. Stipulas joined to the base of the leafstalks in pairs, sharply cut. Flowers dull purple, in little globose heads, the uppermost fertile, the lower sterile, or sometimes perfect. Filaments very long, and often red. Styles hair-like, and terminated by the tufted stigma, which is bright crimson, and very elegant. Fruit (tube of the corolla) 4-cornered, wrinkled. The leaves taste and smell like cucumber, and give that flavour to salads, for which purpose the young leaves are sometimes used. They are also occasionally put into soups, and they form a favourite herb for cool tankards. It has been sometimes cultivated in an agricultural point of view, especially on a calearious soil, and it is stated to prove an excellent winter pasture, when hardly any thing else vegetates. The severest frost never injures this plant, and the oftener it is fed the thicker are its leaves, which spring constantly from its root, and their flat circular spread will prevent the growth of weeds. A species of Coccus may be found about the roots of Burnet, which was formerly used for dyeing silk and wool a rose colour. In Britain it is superseded by the Mexican Cochineal, but the Moors are said still to make use of it. It is remarked by Mr. Knapp, in his delightful book, “ The Jour- nal of a Naturalist,” that this plant possesses, in a remarkable degree, the faculty of preserving its verdure, and flourishing amid surrounding aridity and exhaustion. “ It is probable,” continues Mr. Knapp, “ that this plant, and some others, have the power of imbibing that insensible moisture, which arises from the earth even in the driest weather, or from the air which passes over them. The immense evaporation proceeding from the earth, even in the hottest season, supplies the air constantly with moisture; and as every square foot of this element can sustain eleven grains of water, an abundant provision is made for every demand. We can do little more than note these facts : to attempt to reason upon the causes, why particular plants are endowed with peculiar faculties, would be mere idleness ; yet, in remarking this, we cannot pass over the conviction, that the continual escape of moisture from one body, and its imbibition by another, this unremitting motion and circu- lation of matter, are parts of that wonderful ordination, whereby the beneficence and wisdom of Providence are manifested : without the agency of evaporation, not dwelling on the infinitude of effects and results, no vegetation could exist, no animal life continue.” (439.) SCLERA NTHUS* *. Linnean Class and Order. DECA'NDRlAf , Digy'nia. Natural Order. Scleranthea, Link. Enum. PI. p. 417. — Lindl. Syn. p. 217. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 166. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 231. — Paronychiea: ; tribe, Scleranthea:, D. C. Prod. v. iii. pp. 365 & 377. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 508. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 516. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p.407. — Portijlace.e, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 312. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 164. — Querneales; sect. RuMiciNiE ; type, Scleranthacea: ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp.523, 587, & 594. — Veprecula, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (figs. 1 & 2.) inferior, of 1 sepal, tubular and ribbed at the base, contracted at the summit of the tube ; limb in 5 deep segments ; permanent and hardened after flowering. Corolla none. Filaments (see fig. 2.) from 5 to 10, awl-shaped, upright, often unequal, shorter than the segments of the calyx, and proceeding from the top of the tube. JInthers roundish, of 2 lobes. Germen (see figs. 1 & 3.) superior, roundish. Styles (see fig. 3.) 2, spreading, thread-shaped, the length of the stamens. Stigmas simple, downy. Capsule (see fig. 3.) egg-shaped, very thin, of 1 cell, covered by the calyx. Seeds (see fig. 4.) 2, convex on one side, flat on the other ; embryo curved round the outside of the farinaceous albumen. The monosepalous, 5-cleft calyx ; and the 1-seeded capsule, covered by the hardened calyx ; will distinguish this from other genera, without a corolla, in the same class and order. Two species British. SCLERA'NTHUS A'NNUUS. Annual Knawel. Parsley Piert. German Knotgrass. Upright Knawel. Spec. Char. Stems spreading. Root annual. Calyx of the fruit with upright, somewhat spreading, pointed segments. Engl. Bot. t. 351. — FI. Dan. t. 504. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 580. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 178. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. ii. pt. I. p. 660. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 458.; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 282. — With. 5th ed. v. ii. p. 502. ; 7th ed. v. ii. p. 536. var. 1. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 545. — Lindl. Syn. p. 218. — Ilook. Brit. FI. p. 189. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 87. — Light. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 225. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 138. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 94. — Thovnps. I’l. of Berw. p. 43. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 41. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 209.— Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 172.— Hook. FI. Scot, p. 133. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 95. — FI. Devon, pp. 73 & 170. — Johnst. FI. of Berw. v. i. p. 95. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 28. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 120. — Bab. FI. Bath. Suppl. p. 78. ; Prim. FI. Saru. p. 40. — Dick. FI Abred. p. 37. — Irv. Loud. FI. p. 160. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 37 — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 47. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 88. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 185. — Mack. Catal. of PI. of Irel. p. 42. ; FI. Hibern. p. 231. — Polygonum selinoides, sive Knawel, Johns. Gerarde, p. 566. — Knawel, Ray’s Syn. p. 159. Localities. — In dry sandy fields, and on gravelly banks; frequent. Fig. 1. Back view of a Flower. — Fig. 2. Front view of ditto. — Fig. 3. Germen, covered by the tube of the Calyx. — Fig. 4. A Seed. — All magnified. * From skleros, Gr. hard ; and anthos, Gr. a flower ; from the indurated nature of the floral covering. t See folio 37, note +, Annual.— Flowers in July and August. Root small, tapering, fibrous. Stems numerous, straggling, slender, from 3 to 6 inches long, decumbent, round, leafy, dichoto- mously branched, pale green, sometimes reddish, downy chiefly on opposite sides. Leaves strap-shaped, pointed, keeled, entire, op- posite, and combined at the base by a membranous ciliated margin. Flowers small and inconspicuous, of a pale green colour, nearly sessile, partly axillary, partly collected into dense forked tufts. Tube of the Calyx (see figs. 1 & 2.) egg-shaped, with 10 ribs, and as many furrows ; limb in 5, egg-spear-shaped, pointed segments, white and membranous at the edges, spreading when in flower, upright when in fruit. Stamens shorter than the calyx, some- times 10, but frequently only from 5 to 8, some being often short and imperfect. Styles spreading. Stigmas downy. Capsule in- closed in the permanent, hardened calyx. This plant is not uncommon on a sandy soil, especially in fallow fields, and in most parts of Europe and Siberia. It was formerly collected in large quantities for dyeing red in the Ukraine, Li- thuania, &c., and is still employed by the Turks and Armenians for dyeing wool, silk, and hair, as also for staining the nails of women’s fingers. In Europe its use is generally superseded by the true Cochineal, ( Coccus Cacti,) which has been cultivated in the Intendency of Oaxaca, Mexico, several centuries, and of which, according to Dr. Bancroft, 375,000 1. worth are annually con- sumed in Britain. The Swedes and Germans receive the vapours arising from a decoction of this species into their mouths to cure the tooth-ache. Goats and sheep eat the plant ; cows refuse it. The Polish scarlet grain or cochineal, ( Coccus Polonicus ,) is found upon the roots of this and the other British species (Scleran- thus perennis,) in the Summer months. Withering. — Some au- thors consider S. perennis as not differing specifically from S. annuus. The Natural Order Scleranthe.e consists of apetalous, di- cotyledonous, small herbaceous plants, with opposite leaves, without stipulas. Their flowers are hermaphrodite, axillary, and sessile. The calyx (see fig. 1.) is 4- or 5-toothed, with a urceolate (pitcher- shaped) tube, into the orifice of which the stamens, from 1 to 10, are inserted. The ovarium is simple, superior, and 1-seeded ; with 2 styles, or, sometimes, only 1, their apex emarginate. The fruit is a membranous utricle enclosed within the hardened calyx. The seed is pendulous from the apex of a funiculus*, which arises from the bottom of the cell ; and the embryo is cylindrical, and curved round farinaceous albumen. * A little stalk, by which the seed is attached to the placenta. (440.) CA'REX* *. Linncan Class and Order. Monoe'cia f, Trta'ndria +. Natural Order. Cypera'cea:§, Juss. — Lindl. Syn. p. 278. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 304. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 392. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 541. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 318. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 427. — Cy'peroide.e, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 26. — Sm. Gr. of Bot. p. 68. — Cyperales ; sect. Caricina: ; type, Caricacea3 ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 354 & 358. — Calamaria:, Linn. Gen. Char. Sterile Flowers (see figs. 1 & 3.) numerous, aggre- gate, in one, or more, oblong, dense catkins (or spikes), their scales imbricated every way. Calyx a single, spear-shaped, undivided, permanent scale to each floret (see fig. 3) . Corolla none. Fila- ments (see fig. 3.) 3, rarely fewer, hair-like, upright or drooping, longer than the scales. Anthers vertical, long, strap-shaped, of 2 cells. — Fertile Flowers (see figs. 2 & 4.) numerous, in the same, or more usually in a different catkin, very rarely on a separate plant. Calyx as in the sterile flower. Corolla (Ferigynium) a single, hollow, compressed, ribbed, often angular, permanent glume to each floret ; contracted, mostly cloven, and often elongated at the extremity. Germen superior, roundish, with 3, rarely but 2, angles, very smooth. Style (see fig. 4.) 1, terminal, cylindrical, short. Stigmas 3, more rarely 2 only, awl-shaped, long, tapering, downy, deciduous. Seed (figs. 6 & 7.) the shape of the germen, with unequal angles, loosely coated with the enlarged, either hardened or membranous permanent corolla (perigynium), both together constituting the fruit (see fig. 5) . The flowers in imbricated catkins ; each with a calyx of a single scale ; the sterile flowers without a corolla ; the fertile flowers with a corolla of 1 valve, which is pitcher-shaped, and swollen ; the single style with 2 or 3 stigmas ; and the 3-cornered nut or seed, included within the permanent corolla ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Sixty-three species British. CA'REX RECU'RVA. Recurved Carex. Glaucous Heath Carex. Heath Sedge. Spec. Char. Sterile and Fertile Florets in separate spikes. Sheaths short, scarcely any. Bracteas leafy, auricled at the base. Fertile Spikes (catkins) cylindrical, scarcely drooping, densely im- bricated, on long, slender peduncles. Fruit roundish-egg-shaped, slightly downy, entire at the small point. Engl. Bot. t. 1506. — FI. Dan. t. 1051. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd edit.) p. 413. — Gooden, in Tr. Linn. Soc. v. ii. p. 184. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. I. p. 217. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 999. ; Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 114. — With. (7th edit.) v. ii. p. 129. — Fig. 1. Sterile Catkin. — Fig, 2. Fertile Catkin. — Fig. 3. A separate Sterile Floret. — Fig. 4. A separate Fertile Floret. — Fig. 5. The permanent, hardened Corolla, in which the seed (fig. 6.) is inclosed. — Fig. 7. Seed natural size. — Figs. 3, 4, 5, & 6, are magnified. * From Jceiro, Gr. to shear or cut ; in allusion to the sharp leaves and stems, f See fol. 83, note +. } See fol. 56, note t, { See fol. 436, a. Lindl. Syn. p. 290. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 397. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 253. — Sibtli. FI. Oxon. p. 31. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 206. — Thomps. PI. of Berry, p. 93. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 88. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. ii. p. 446. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rded ) p. 384. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 268. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 197. — FI. Devon, pp. 151 & 118. — Johnst. FI. of Berw. v. i. p. 202. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 60. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 273. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 55. ; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 105. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 55. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 91. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 80. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 26. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 115. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 463. — Mack. Catal. PI. of Irel. p. 81. ; FI. Hibern. p. 332. — Carex glauca, Scop. FI. Cam. v. ii. p. 223. — C. flacca, Schrel. Lips. Append, n. 669, fide Smith. — C. pendula, Schrel. Lips. p. 62. — C. limos, 0. Leer’s FI. Herb. p. 201. t. 15. f. 3. — Trasus glaucus, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 67. — Cyperoides palustre, spicis purpureo-spadiceis, tenuibus pediculis insidentibus, Scheuchz. Argros. p. 467. — Gramen cyperoides, foliis caryophylleis, spicis oblongis, e pediculis lon- gioribus pendulis, Ray’s Syn. p. 418. Localities. — In moist meadows, pastures, heaths, and woods; common. Root creeping, sheathed with purplish-brown scales. Culms f stems J upright, from eight inches to about a foot high, triangular, sea-green, scarcely rough in any part. Leaves chiefly from the root, partially recurved, broadish, pointed, very glaucous, especially on the underside, rough on the keel and the edges, not half so tall as the culms, much resembling the foliage of pinks or carnations. Bracteas leafy, the lowermost several inches long ; their sheaths very short, or scarcely any, crowned with rounded brown auricles. Sterile Catkins generally solitary, sometimes accompanied by a smaller one, and the upper portion of the upper fertile catkins frequently consists of sterile florets. Fertile Catkins 2, often 3, cylindrical, blunt, many-flowered, very dense, drooping as they ripen, and at length pendulous, each on a slender, smooth stalk, many times longer than its sheath. Scales egg-shaped, more or less acute ; chocolate-coloured, with a greenish rib. Scales of the Sterile Catkins usually inversely egg-shaped and blunt, dark brown, with a yellow rib ; sometimes they are partly acute, and even pointed. Stamens 3, (see fig. 3). Stigmas 3, on a short style, (see fig. 4). Perigynium ( Corolla of Smith) brownish when ripe, and then termed fruit, (see fig. 5), enclosing the seed, elliptical, or somewhat inversely egg-shaped, obtuse, bluntly triangular, tumid, minutely dotted or tuberculated, and with minute short bristly hairs or pubescence. Seed (figs. 6 & 7.) short, triangular, dark brown, with pale angles. Varieties occur in which the sheath of the lower fertile catkin is more elongated, and the peduncle very long ; the sterile catkin either solitary, and the fertile catkins entirely fertile ; or, with four completely sterile catkins, with half another ; though only one, compound at the base, consisting entirely of fertile florets. This last variely is Carex Micheliana of Smith, in Trans, of Linnean Society, vol. v. p. 270., FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 1004. ; and Engl. Bot. t. 2236. It has smooth fruit. See Engl. Fl. and Leight. FI. of Shropshire. (441.) HYDRO'C HARIS* *. Linncan Class and Order. Dias'ciAf, Ennf.a'ndria Natural Order. Hydrochari'de;e, Dec. FI. Fr. v. iii. p. 265. — Lindl. Syn. p. 254. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 254. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 414. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 536. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 272. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 425. — Hydrocharides, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 67. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 84. — Musales; sect. Hy- drochariNjE; type, Hydrocharaceae ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 437, 464, & 465. — Palma;, Linn. Gen. Char. Flowers spathaceous. Sterile Flower (see fig. 1). Calyx (fig. 3.) in 3 deep, equal, oblong, concave segments, mem- branous at the edges. Corolla (see fig. 1.) of 3, roundish, undulated petals, much larger than the calyx, and alternate with its segments. Filaments (see fig. 6.) 9, awl-shaped, upright, in three rows ; the intermediate row producing, from its base internally, an awl-shaped stalk, or beak (see figs. 4 & 6.), resembling a style, stationed in the centre of the flower; the two other rows connected at the base, and adhering to the beak (see fig. 5). Anthers 2-lobed, below the pointed summit of each filament. Fertile Flower (see fig. 2). Calyx and Corolla as in the sterile flower. Gcrmen (see fig. 8.) inferior, roundish. Styles (see fig. 8.) 6, as long as the calyx, com- pressed, channelled. Stigmas cloven, acute; Capsule nearly glo- bular, leathery, of 6 cells. Seeds numerous, roundish, minute. The beaked filaments of the inner stamens of the sterile flower ; the 6 styles ; the inferior, 6-celled, many-seeded capsule of the fertile flower ; and the 3-cleft calyx, and 3-petalled corolla of both flowers ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. HYDRO'CHARIS MO'RSUS RATO. Common Frog-bit. Lesser Water-lily. Spec. Char. Engl. Bot. t. 808. — Curt. FI. Lond. t. 167. — FI. Dan. t. 878. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. I486. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 436. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. II. p. 812. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 1084.; Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 250. — With. (7th edit.) v. ii. p. 515. — Lindl. Syn. p. 204. — Ilook. Brit. FI. p. 438. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 221. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. ii. p. 622.— Sihth. FI. Oxon. p. 135.— Abb. FI. Bodf. p. 216.— Rclh. FI. Cant. (3rd edit.) p. 411. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. iii. p. 78. — Hook. FI. Scot. p.290.— Orev. FI. Edin. p. 211.— FI. Devon, pp. 161, & 130.— Winch’s FI. of Norlhumb. and Durli. p. 65. — Walker’s FI. ofOxf. p. 299. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 109. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 34. — Baines’ Yorksh. FI. p. 99. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 496. — Mack. Catal. of PI. of Irel. p. 86. ; FI. Hibern. p. 273. — Hydrocharis asarifolia, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 220. — Stratiotes foliis Asari, semine rotundo, Ray’s Syn. p. 290. — Morsus Ranee, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 818. Localities. — In watery ditches, ponds, and slow streams ; frequent in England; more rare in Scotland. Fig. 1. Sterile Flower. — Fig. 2. Fertile Flower. — Fig. 3. Calyx. — Fig. 4. A separate Stamen. — Fig. 5. Ditto. — Fig. 6. Stamens. — Fig. 7. Rudiment of a Ger- men in the Sterile Flower. — Fig. 8. Gcrmen of Fertile Flower. * From udor, Gr. water ; and c/taro, Gr. to rejoice ; from the beauty of its leaves and flowers embellishing the waters, t See folio 143, note +. | See folio 34, note -f. Perennial. — Flowers in July. Root of many long:, perpendicular, thread-shaped fibres, furnished towards the end with numerous radicles. Leaves mostly floating, roundish kidney-shaped, about an inch and a half broad, fleshy, smooth, very entire, somewhat transparent, with a few circular, and many transverse veins ; purplish underneath. Petioles ( leaf -stalks J from 3 to 6 inches long, cylindrical, smooth, thick, transparent, marked with transverse reticulations. Sterile Flowers (fig. 1.) 3, on long peduncles arising from a 2-leaved, transparent, membranous spatha. Fertile Flowers (fig. 2.) on a solitary peduncle, arising from a single spatha. Segments of the Calyx equal, between egg- shaped and oblong. Petals much larger, roundish, undulate, very delicate, white, with a yellow stain at the base of each. Stamens sometimes more than 9, as many as 12. Seeds small, egg-shaped, attenuated at the base, with a lax somewhat fleshy covering, formed of warts consisting of spiral cellules. This is a highly ornamental water plant, which will grow freely in ponds and ditches, and is deserving of more frequent introduc- tion into aquaria. It is a native of many parts of Europe in deep ditches, and slow streams, with a muddy bottom, multiplying itself greatly by runners which shoot out to a great length, and put out at the joints long roots which penetrate deep into the mud. Mr. Curtis observes, that the whole structure and economy of the Frog-bit is exceedingly curious, deserving the minute attention of the inquisitive Botanist. Ray mentions a double-flowered, very sweet-scented, variety, as growing in his time plentifully in a ditch by the side of Audrey Causeway, in the Isle of Ely, near the great wooden bridge ; but Mr. Relhan sought it there in vain. The Natural Order Hydrocharideaj, to which the present plant belongs, is composed of monocotyledonous herbaceous float- ing plants, whose leaves are mostly radical, with parallel veins, sometimes spiny. Their flowers are spathaceous, and either per- fect, or separated, with a 3-parted, herbaceous calyx, and a corolla of 3 petaloid petals. The stamens are either definite or indefinite. The ovary is single and inferior ; with from 3 to 6 stigmas. The fruit is either dry or succulent, indehiscent, with one or more cells. The seeds are destitute of albumen ; and have a straight, undivided embryo. The only British genera in this order, are Slratiotcs, t. 413; and Hydrocharis, t. 441. Ml II / I (442.) ISNA'RDI A.* *. Linnean Class and Order. Tetra'ndria f, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Onagra'ria?, Juss. — Lindl. Syn. p. 107.; In trod, to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 56. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 522. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 510. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p. 675. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 109. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 405. — Salicaria:, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 333 — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 170. — Rosales; subord. Myrtosa:; sect. Onagrin/e; type, Onagrace/e; Burn.Outl. of Bot. v.ii. pp. 614,617, 722, & 728. — Calycanthema:, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (see fig. 1.) superior, in 4 deep, equal, egg- shaped, broad, spreading, permanent segments. Corolla of 4 petals, or wanting. Filaments (see figs. 1 & 2.) 4, awl-shaped, shorter than the calyx, and in front of its segments. JInthers oblong. Germen (fig. 3.) inferior, oblong, 4-cornered. Style cylindrical, shorter than the calyx. Sf/aTRa capitate. Capsule (fig. 4.) inversely egg-shaped or nearly cylindrical, 4-cornered, membranous, crowned with the calyx, of 4 cells, and 4 valves, opening at the cells. Seeds numer- ous, oblong, attached to the central column. The superior, 4-cleft calyx ; the corolla of 4 petals, or wanting ; the capitate stigma ; and the inversely egg-shaped, 4-cornered, 4-valved, 4-celled, many-seeded capsule, crowned with the calyx ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. ISNA'RDIA PALU'STRIS. Marsh Isnardia. Spec. Char. Stems procumbent, rooting, smooth. Leaves opposite, egg-shaped, acute, stalked. Flowers axillary, solitary, sessile, without petals. Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2593.— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 175.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. I, p. 080.— Ait. Hort. Kew. (2nd ed.) v. i. p. 206. — D. C. Prod. v. iii. p. Gl. — Sm. Engl. PI. v. iv. p. 264. — With. (7th ed. ) v. ii. p. 242. — Lindl. Syn. p. 109. — Ilook. Brit. FI. p. 70. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p. 697. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 79. — Irv. Loud. FI. p. 199. — Bal). Prim. FI. Sam. p. 35. — Dantia palustris, Pet. Th. Gen. f. 99. — Alsine palustris, sen paludosa , rotundifolia repens, foliis portulacce pinguibus hints ex advarso nacentibus, Jlosculis virescentibus rosaceis, Lind. Tournef. Alsat. p. 115. t. 2. b. — Glaux major palustris,. /lore fterbaceo, Bocc. Mus. p. 105. t. 84. f. 2. — Moris. Hort. Blacs. 82, 2G8. — Ray’s Hist. v. ii. p. 1102 ; v. iii. p. 635, Localities. — In ponds and watery places ; very rare. — Hampshire ; Abundant in a bog on Peters tied Heath ; recently discovered there by Miss Rickman, and .1. Barton, Esq. — Sussex ; In an old gravel-pit, near Buxstead : 1827 ; W. Borrer, Esq. — Island of Jersey ; St. Peter’s Marsh -. Messrs. Haslam and W. Christy, 1837. Fig. 1. A Flower. — Fig. 2. A separate Stamen. — Fig. 3. Germen. — Fig. 4. Cap- sule.— Fig. 5. Transverse section of Capsule. — Fig. 6. Seed. — Figs. 1 to 5, more or less magnified. * So named by Linnikcs, in memory of M. Antoine Dante Isnaud, a Botanist and Professor at Paris, and a Member of the Academy of Sciences ; he published descriptions of some plants in their Memoirs for 1716, &c. -)- See folio 46, note t. Herb floating, smooth, with numerous, long, thread-shaped roots. Stems several, procumbent, from 6 to 10 inches or more long, simple, or slightly branched, putting out roots from the lower joints, bluntly 4-angled, smooth, leafy. Leaves opposite, on short petioles, egg-shaped, somewhat tapering at the base and forming a slight margin to the petiole, quite entire, smooth, rather succulent, bright green, with the mid-rib and margin often red or purplish. Flowers in the axils of the leaves, solitary, sessile, small, greenish and inconspicuous, each accompanied at its base by two small, pointed bracteas. Calyx with 4 triangular segments. Corolla wanting. Isnardia palustris has very much the habit of Pcplis portula, t. 220. ; it is a native of Europe, Siberia, and Persia, where it grows in marshes and slow-running water. It was first added to the British Flora by W. Borrer, Esq. who found it growing in a pool at Buxstead, Sussex, in 1827. Specimens of this very inter- esting plant have often been kindly communicated to me by Mr. Borrer ; but the specimen from which the drawing for the accom- panying plate was made, was sent to me in August last (1841), by my kind friend Mr. Edward Jenner, of Lewes, Sussex, a most indefatigable Botanist. A variety with the leaves more acuminated at both ends, is found in North America. Sixteen species of Isnardia are described in De Candolle’s Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis ; and in Don’s General System of Gardening and Botany; most of which are * separated from the old genus Ludwegia. The Natural Order Onagrari.e, is composed of dicotyledonous herbs or shrubs ; with opposite or alternate, simple, entire, or toothed leaves ; and red, purple, white, blue, or yellow flowers, which are either axillary, or disposed in terminal spikes or racemes. The calyx is superior, tubular, with a 4- or 5-lobed limb ; the lobes cohering in various degrees, with a valvate a?stivation. The petals are generally equal in number to the lobes of the calyx, into the throat of which they are inserted, mostly regular, with a twisted aestivation, rarely wanting. The stamens are sometimes equal in number to the petals, but usually twice that number ; with distinct filaments, and oblong or egg-shaped anthers. The ovary is many- celled, usually crowned by a cup-shaped gland ; with a thread- shaped style, and a capitate or lobed siigma. The fruit is a berry or capsule, with from 2 to 4 cells. The seeds are numerous, with- out albumen ; and have a straight embryo ; a long and taper radicle; and very short cotyledons. The British Genera of this order, are Epilobium, t. 14. ; CEno- thcra, t. 257.; Circaa, t. 9. ; and Isnardia, t. 4 42. The properties of Onagrarice are few, or unknown. (Enotliera biennis, t. 257, is sometimes cultivated for the sake of its eatable roots, as a sort of salad. ?/ o-'t i/t/. /u& tut >n rn trjci'rnM/m- . ;le*L £j<- (-1-13 ) TORDY'LIUM* *. I.innenn Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Umbelli'fkr. «+> J uss. Gen. PI. p. 218. — Sin. Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lind!. Syn. p. 111.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 517. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 235. — Mack. FI. Hibern.p. 113. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p.408. — Umbellate, Linn. — Rosales; sect. Angelicin.*; type, ANGELicACE.Ejsubty. Angelicidaj; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 770, 773, & 774. Gen. Char. Flowers more or less perfectly separated ; those of the circumference fertile. Calyx (see fig. 1.) of 5, unequal, deci- duous or permanent teeth. Corolla (fig. 2.) of 5, inversely heart- shaped petals, with indexed points ; the outer ones radiating and bifid. Filaments (see fig. 2.) 5, thread-shaped, spreading, as long as the smaller petals, often wanting in the radiant flowers. Anthers roundish. Germen (see fig. 1.) inferior, egg-shaped, rugged or bristly, transversely compressed. Styles (see fig. 1.) 2, thread- shaped, upright, swelling at the base, subsequently spreading, de- ciduous; wanting in the central flowers. Stigmas simple. Floral Receptacle none. Fruit flatly compressed from the back, sur- rounded by an accessory, thick, often crenated margin. Carpels with 5 very slender ridges, 3 of which are dorsal, and at equal distances, and 2 lateral, and contiguous to the thickened margin, or covered by it. Interstices ( channels J with from one to three filiform vittce. Seed flat. — Universal and partial involucrums of many leaves. The dorsally compressed fruit , with an accessory, thick, often crenated margin ; the carpels with very slender ridges, 3 of which are dorsal and equidistant, and 2 lateral and contiguous to the thickened margin ; the channels with from one to three filiform vittce; and the flattened seed; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Two species British. lORDVLIUM MA'XIMUM. Great Hart-wort. Spec. Char. Two outer petals of the flowers of the ray each with 2 equal lobes. Iuvolucrum linear, shorter than the umbel. Fruit with the thickened border scarcely notched, and, as well as the disk, rough with appressed hairs. Channels with 1 vitta. Engl. Bot. t. 1173.— Jacq. FI. Aust. t. 112.— 11,11. in Ray’s Syn. p. 206.— Tourn. Int. p. 320. — Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 345. — Willil. Sp. l’l. v. i. pt. II. p. 1382. — Sm. FI. Blit. v. i. p. 295. ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 105.— With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 364.— Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 521.— Lindl. Syn. p. 115.— Hook. Brit. FI. p. 117.— Do Caml. Prod. v. iv. p. 198. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 346. — Maer. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 103.— Sibtli. FI. Oxon. p. 94. l’urt. Midi. FI. v. iii. p. 27.— W alker’s Fig. 1. Germen, Calyx, and Pistils. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Fig. 3. A separate Stamen. — Fig. 4. Fruit. — Fig. 5. Transverse section of a Carpel. * Tordulion, Or. of Dioscosidbs ; said to be from tornos, Gr. a lathe; and illo, Gr. to turn ; from the nearly circular fruit. + See folio 48, note f. J Sec folio 235, a. FI. of Oxf. p. 85. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 233. — Tordylium vulgaris, semine piano, tlore ex rubente albo, Moris, v. iii. p. 316. sect. 9. t. 16. f. 1. — Tordylium, Riv. Pcntap. lrr. t. 1. — Heracleum Tordylium, Spreng. Sp. Urab. 49. — Seseli creti- cum majus, Bauli. Pin. p. 161. — Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 1050. — Caucalis maxima, Sphondylii aculeato semine, Bauh. Pin. p. 152. — Caucalis major, semine minus pulchro hirsuto, Bauh. Hist. v. iii. pt. u. p. 85, with a figure. Localities.— On banks and waste ground; very rare. — Oxfordshire ; Under the hedge on the north side of the Parks: Dr. SiimiORr; 1794. It grew there up to 1819, and also under the trees on the west side of the Parks, but it has since disappeared from both these stations. It grew also on a bank beyond Jericho, about a quarter of a mile N. W. of the Observatory, where it was first pointed out to me by the late Mr. H. Hinton, about 1814, but that locality is now built on : W. B. — Bucks ; Hedges near Eton- wick, in the greatest abundance : Mr. Gotoeed. — Herts ; In a hedge about halfamile from Eton: Mt.Gotobed ; 1803. — Middlesex; About London: Morison. Annual. — Flowers in June and July. Root tapering, with many slender, almost horizontal, slightly branched fibres. Stem from 2 to 4 feet high, upright, branched, leafy, hollow, somewhat flexuose, furrowed, rough with small bristly hairs, which point downwards. Leaves unequally pinnate, of a darker green than the stem, clothed with fine, close, bristly hairs, all directed towards the point; leaflets of the lowermost leaves egg-shaped ; of the rest spear-shaped, narrow ; all coarsely ser- rated, and sometimes deeply notched, single-ribbed, veiny ; the odd one largest. Petioles somewhat dilated at the lower part, often hairy. Umbels rather small, dense, bristly. Partial Umbels about nine. General Involucrum of about five slender, strap-shaped, bristly, spreading leaves, shorter than the umbel ; partial involu- crum of 5 awl-shaped leaves, as long as the umbellule, the two inner leaflets smaller. Teeth of the Calyx very unequal. Flowers white or rose-coloured, more or less radiant, the outermost petal with equal lobes, the two next with very unequal ones. Fruit (see fig. 4.) nearly circular ; externally bristly ; the disk a little convex, marked with 4 brown longitudinal lines ; the border pale, tumid, wrinkled, and beset with direct bristles; the inside of each carpel, with the border, quite smooth, with 2 close, parallel, brown lines, in the middle (see fig- 5). Channels with only one vitta in each. The specimen from which the drawing was made for the ac- companying plate, was raised in the Oxford Garden in 1840, from seeds kindly communicated to me by Mr. W. I'amplin, jun. of Soho Square, London. (444.) GASTRI DIUM* *. Linncan Class and Order. Tria'ndria f, Dicy'nia. Natural Order. Grami'nea;, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 28. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 86. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 71. — Lindl. Syn. p. 293. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 292. — Rich, by Macgiiliv. p. 393. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 542. — Mach. FI. Hibern. p. 294. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 426. — Gramina, Linn. Gram inales; sect. Festucw^ ; type, Phalaridace/e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 359 & 369. Gen. Char. Inflorescence panicled; panicle contracted, spike- like. Spi/ie.lets (fig. 1.) single-flowered. Calyx (fig. 1.) of two nearly equal, concave, keeled, pointed, membranous, awnless glumes, ventricose at the base, much longer than the palete. Co- rolla (fig. 3.) of 2 equal, membranous palece ; the lower usually awned under the apex. Sometimes there is a rudiment of a se- cond floret at the back of the upper palea. Filaments (see figs. 1 and 3.) 3, hair-like, not longer than the calyx. Grmen (fig. 4.) egg-shaped. Styles (see fig. 4.) 2, pencel-shaped. Seed (fig. 5.) egg-shaped, coated with the hardened corolla. The contracted, spike-like panicle ; the single-flowered spike- lets ; the calyx of 2 nearly equal, awnless, ventricose glumes, much longer than the corolla ; and the corolla of 2, equal, membranous palese, investing the seed, the lower one mostly with a dorsal awn ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. GASTRFDIUM LENDI'GERUM. Awned Nit-grass. Panick Millet-grass. Lentil-grass. Yellow-spiked Millet-grass. Yellow Bent. Spec. Char. Flowers in a dense spiked panicle. Corolla awned. Awn much longer than the calyx. GasttiidU'M (Beauvois) LENDir.RRtw, Lindl. Syn. p. 302.— Hook. Brit. FI. p. 31. — Macr. Rian. Brit. Bot. p. 203. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sam. p. 106. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 210. — Gastridium australe. Beauvois. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 151. — Milium lendigerum, Engl. Bot. t. 1107. — FI. Grasr. v. i. p. 49. t. 65. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 91. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. l. p. 359. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 76. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 87. — Schreb. Gram. v. ii. p. 14. t. 23. f. 3. — With. (7th cd.) v. ii. p. 153. — FI. Devon, pp. 12 & 120. — Agrostis lendigera, D. C. FI. Fr. v. iii. p. 18. — Agrostis austra- lis, Linn. Mant. i. p. 30. — Agrostis rubra, Huds. FI. Angl. (1st ed.) p. 26. — Agrostis ventricosa, Gouan. Ilort. p. 39. t. 1. f. 2. — Knapp’s Gram. Brit. t. 25. — Alopecurus ventricosus, Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 28. — Panicum serotinnm arvense, spied pyramidata, Tourn. Inst. p. 515. — Ray’s Syn. p. 394. — Gramen paniceum serotinum, spied laxd pyramidata , Moris, v. iii. p. 189 — Herb. Bobart. — Gramen serotinum arvense, paniculd contractu pyramidali, Scheu. Agrost. p. 148. — Gramen alopecuro accede?is, ex culmi geniculis spicas cum petiolis longiusculis promens, Pluk. Almag. p. 177.; Phyt. t. 33. f. 6. Fig. 1. A Spikelet expanded, showing the Calyx, Corolla, and Stamens. — Fig. 2. The 9ame closed. — Fig. 3. Corolla. — Fig. 4. Germen and Pistils. — Fig. 5. Seed. * From gastridion, Gr. a ventricle , or little swelling, as is seen at the base of the calyx. Hooker. See folio 56, note f. Localities. — Tn corn-fields, by way-sides, and in places where water has stagnated in the winter; usually near the sea, but not common. — Devon; By the Parsonage Style, Lympstone ; Babbacome ClifFs : Mr. Jacob. Nearlnstow: Mr. Curtis. — Dorset; Fields by Radipole, near Weymouth: Dr. Pueteney. Near Weymouth Turnpike Gate : Dr. Maton. — Essex; Little Braddow : W. Christy. In woods near Great Leighs, about half way between Chelmsford and Baintree : Mag. Nat Hist. — Gloucestersh. St. Vincent’s Kocks, near the Dot Wells : Mr. Dyer. — Hamj)sh. Near Hyde. Isle of Wight : Mr. J. Woods, jun. In most parts of the Isle of Wight, but chiefly on a clayey soil ; it is com- monly found amongst corn, clover, in hay-fields, on hedge-banks, and by way- sides, as also in waste places; in some seasons it is so abundant as to be a troublesome weed among the crops: Dr. W. Arnold Bromfield; 1841. — Kent; Plentiful in the Isle of Shcpey : Hudson. Rochester: N. J. Wincii, Esq. — Norfolk; Corn-fields at Gillingham: Mr. Woodward. At Cley: Mr. Hose. — In Somersetshire : Dr. Garter, in N. B.G. — Sussex; In corn-fields at Hurstperpoint ; Clayton; Portslade ; Dare; and West Grinstead, on a clayey soil : W. Bour.er, Esq. In a corn-field in the way from the High Rocks, Tunbiidge Wells, to Eridge Rocks: T. FoRSiEn, Esq. In a corn-field (had been wheat) at Westfield, in great abundance; Sept. 16, 1841: Mr. Edward Jenner, of Lewes, Sussex. Groombridge, and other places about Hastings: N. J. Winch, Esq. — Warwickshire; In a coin-field near Alcester: Rev. A. Bloxaiu. — W A LES. Denbighshire ; Pastures east of Merllin Farm House, in the patish of Llanyfydd : Mr. Griffith. — Flintshire ; About Trellewelin Farm, in the parish of Rhyddlan: Mr. Griffith. Annual. — Flowers in August. Root of many short, slender fibres. Culm ( stem ) upright, from 6 inches to a foot or a foot and a half high, branched from the bottom, smooth, leafy. Leaves rough at the edges, with roughish, striated, slightly tumid sheaths. Stipula ( ligula ) oblong, torn when old. Panicle upright, lobed, but very close, tapering, from an inch and a half to three inches and a half long, and a quarter of an inch to half an inch broad, pale green, glossy; with roughish and angular partial stalks. Flowers small, pale green. Calyx tumid polished and colourless at the base ; its glumes compressed, mem- branous at the edges, rough at the keel (see figs. 1 & 2) ; one of them longest, and most pointed, but not a wned. Corolla (see fig. 3.) much smaller; its outer palea egg-shaped, concave, blunt, downy, with a jointed, rough, twisting, dorsal awn, rather longer than the calyx, deciduous ; inner palea smaller, cloven, hairy at the base. Anthers short. Seed coated with the hardened corolla, and en- veloped in the shining calyx. As well as of England it is also a native of Portugal, and the south of France. I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. W. A. Bromfield, of Hyde, Isle of Wight, for many very fine specimens of this grass, from one of which the drawing for the accompanying plate was made; 1 hey were gathered, by Dr. Bromfield, between Quarr Abbey and Fishbourne, near Ryde, in a field abounding also with the rare Briza minor. Mr. E. Jenner also has sent me fine spe- cimens of it from a corn-field near Westfield, Sussex. * RttfstUVtl. wtcsr Titt. tJ/fa?'// ^focfc.ll Puh 11 }■■ WBixtirFtfrinic Owim.Ojfcrrt of Hastings, 1806: Dawson Turner, Esq. and W. Borrer, Esq — Now lost there: N. B.G-, 1835. Shrub. — Flowers from the end of April to August. Root somewhat woody ; simple at the crown, much branched below. Stem from 1 to 2 feet high, upright, bushy, round, leafy, hoary. Leaves scattered, from 2 to 6 inches long, covered on both sides with dense, starry, hoarv pubescence, single-ribbed, entire, thick and leathery ; rounded at the extremity ; each tapering at the base into a short petiole (leaf-slalk). Flowers corymbose, large and handsome, sweet-scented, of a light purple colour. Petals rounded and nearly entire, their claws (see fig. 3.) pale and green- ish. Pods (fig. 6.) from 2 inches to 3 inches and a half long, crowned with the sessile stigma subtended at each side by a small point. Valves strap-shaped, slightly keeled. Seeds numerous, almost circular, compressed, light brown, with a white membranous border. This beautiful plant is a native of most parts of the South of Europe near the sea ; it has been cultivated in our gardens for more than 200 years, but it was not known to be a native of Eng- land till it was found near Hastings by Messrs. Turner and Bor- rer, in 1806, as stated above. The principal varieties in cultivation are the single and double purple ; the single and double scarlet ; and the single and double white. I am indebted to Dr. W. Arnold Bromfield, of Ryde, in the Isle of Wight, for several wild specimens of this species gathered by him near Freshwater-Gate, as recorded above. The specimen figured, was kindly communicated to me by J. P. Norman, Esq. of Exeter Coll. Oxford, from the same locality in the Isle of Wight. For the best methods of cultivating the Garden varieties of this favourite plant, see Loudon’s Encyclopaedia of Gardening, (new edit., 1835.) p. 1050. parag. 5955. ; Don's General System of Gardening Sj Botany, v. i. p. 153.; and Martyn’s edition of Miller’s Gardener's and Botanist's Dictionary, under the Arti- cle Cheiranthus. And for a Historical account of it, see Phillips’ Flora Historica, 1st ed. v. ii. p. 24. ; 2nd ed. v. ii. p. 19. In the language of flowers, the Gillyflower, or Stock, is made the emblem of lasting beauty ; for, although it is less graceful than the Rose, and not so superb as the Lily, its splendour is more dura- ble, and its fragrance of longer continuance. . I :gj ru't . \ ' . | ' - ' tz/yhaAMta, . -y1 '-'/iu/r-zy? i^vca^y/c/z . © Pub* IvW-Jiarter- Sot ante f^a^den Qxfc~d Rujedl J)d. MkthcWf.S e. (446.) Bl'DENS* *. Linnean Class and Order. Syngene'sia f, Polyga'mia, TEqualis + Natural Order. Compo'sit.e§; tribe, Corymbi'fer.e ||, Juss. — Lindl. Syn. pp. 140 & 142. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 197 & 199. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 142. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 410. — Compo'sitas ; subord. Helia'nthea;, Loud. Hort. Brit, pp. 520 & 521. — Synanthe'ke^e ; tribe, Corymbi'feile, Rich, by Macgilliv. pp. 454 & 455. — Corymbifera:, sect. 6. Juss. Gen. PI. pp. 177 & 187. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. pp. 121 & 124 ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p.334. — Syringalks ; suborder, Asteros.e; sect. Aste- hin.e; subsect. Astfrian.e ; type, Asterace.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 900, 901, 920, 924, & 926. — Compo'sitje, Linn. Gen. Char. Involucrum ( common Calyx ) upright, of many oblong, nearly equal, parallel scales, concave, or channelled, at the back ; the outer ones often leafy. Corolla compound, of several, parallel, level-topped, perfect, tubular, regular and equal florets, (see fig. 1.); their limb egg-shaped, with 5 marginal, spreading segments. Filaments 5. hair-like, very short. Anthers in a cylin- drical tube, slightly prominent. Germen (see fig. 1.) oblong com- pressed, with 2 or more bristly upright points, about equal to the tube of the floret, on its outside. Style (see figs. 2 & 3.) thread- shaped, as long as the stamens. Stigmas oblong, spreading beyond the anthers. Seed-vessel none hut the unaltered close calyx. Seed (fig- 4.) compressed, angular, abrupt, rough at the edges. Pappus (see figs. 1 & 4.) of 2 or more permanent awns, which are rough with minute deflexed bristles. Receptacle (see fig. 6.) flat, chaffy. [Corolla sometimes radiant). The involucrum of many scales ; the outer ones often leafy ; the pappus of 2 or more permanent awns, which are rough with minute deflexed bristles ; and the chaffy receptacle ; will distinguish this from other gen. ra, with discoid florets, in the same class and order. Two species British. Bl'DENS TRIPARTI'TA. Three-lobed Bur-marigold. Trifid Water-Hemp-Agrimony. Bastard Agrimony. Water Hemp. Dou- ble-Tooth. Spec. Char, Leaves petiolate, in 3 or 5 spear-shaped, deeply serrated segments. Outer scales of the Involucrum unequal, entire or serrated, many times longer than the flower. Fruit oblong- wedge-shaped. Pappus of 2 or 3 bristles. Engl. Bot. t. 1113.— Curt. FI. Loml. t. 237.— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1165.— Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 355. — Willd. Sp. PI. y. iii. pt. in. p. 1715. — Sm. FI. Brit, v. ii. p. 858. ; Engl FI. v. iii. p. 398. — With. (7th ed. ) v. iii. p. £13. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. Fig. 1. A separate Floret, with its Germen, and a single Scale of the Receptacle attached to its base. — Fig. 2. Stamen and Pistil. — Fig. 3. Pistil. — Fig. 4. A Seed. — Fig. 5. Section of ditto. — Fig. 6. Receptacle. * Front bis, double ; and dens, u tooth ; from the a«ns or teeth which crown the fruit. See fol. 91, u. -f-. } See fil. 117, n. {. ? See fol. 27, a. v. ii. p. 447. — Lindt. Syn. p. 151. — Hook. Blit. FI. p. 354. — Macr, Man. of Brit. Bot. p. 128. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. 1. p. 461. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 248. — Abbot's FI. Bedf. p. 177. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 76. — Port. Midi. FI. v. ii. p. 387. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed. ) p. 333. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 238. — FI. Devon, pp. 135 & 158. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. andDurh. p. 53. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 234. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 27. ; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 51. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 146. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 70. — Baines’ FI. Yorksh. p. 60. — Leiglit. FI. of Shropsh. p. 405. — Guilliv. Catal. l’l. of Banb. p. 17. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 154. — Verbesina , seu Cannabina aqua- tica,flore minus pulchro, elatior et magis frequens, Ray’s Syn. p. 187. — Bauli. Hist. v. ii. p. 1073. — Eupatorium cannabinum fcemina, Johns. Ger p. 711. Localities. — In watery places, and on the sides of wet ditches, ponds, and canals ; frequent. Annual. — Flowers in August and September. Root simple, and tapering ; with many whitish fibres. Stem from 1 to 3 feet high, upright, somewhat angular, s-lid, smooth, often purplish, leafy, with opposite, axillary branches. Leaves opposite, on dilated, winged, connate, ciliated petioles, in 3, some- times 5, deep, spear-shaped, pointed, strongly serrated segments ; dark green above, paler beneath. Flowers solitary, terminal, of a brownish yellow, somewhat drooping. Outer Scales (or bracleas) of the Involucrum about 8, unequal, spear-shaped, pointed, much longer than the flowers, their margins entire or serrated, and fringed with upright bristles. Inner Scales of the Involucrum upright, egg-spear-shaped, blunt, purplish and downy at the apex, their margins membranous, and marked with greenish-brown pa- rallel streaks. Florets (see fig. 1.) tubular, dilated upwards, 4- or 5-cleft, segments acute, spreading and recurved. Fruit oblong- wedge-shaped, with 4 bristly angles, very much compressed. Pappus of 2 or 3 upright, slout bristles, armed with smaller deflexed ones, nearly as long as the floret, and arising from the angles. Re- ceptacle (see fig. 6.) nearly flat, covered with strap-spear-shaped, pointed, chaffy scales (see fig. 1.), as long as the florets. A variety sometimes occurs with radiant, 3-toothed, marginal florets ; and another in which the leaves are all undivided, but attention to their being petiolate, and to the outer involucral bracteas being many times longer than the flowers, will distinguish it from the other British species. A dye may be prepared from this plant, with alum, to stain cloths yellow. It is very acrid, and when chewed excites salivation. Lightfoot states, that in chemical qualities it much resembles the celebrated Verbesina Acmella, Linn Sp. PI. p. 1271, (Spilan- thes Acmella , Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. in. p. 1713,/, and therefore infers the probability of its proving serviceable in calculous com- plaints.— The seeds have been known sometimes to destroy the Cyprinus auratus, or Goldfish , by adhering to their gills or jaws. Some very interesting remarks, by Dr. R. Brown, relative to the British species of Bidens, may be seen in Dr. Johnson’s admirable “ Flora of Berwick-upon-Tweed,” v. ii. p. 287. ; but they are too long to copy here. 7'l - .. - 0 ' ■** . i’> trl *n • »» * . - • > ‘ * > » • •4. ' L ameuna sSafovei . ' Ruj 2*vJ> ^ br W-BujcterJiOih 'u? Cn*rden Cxfor&ftU. •adti re Xat?i£*s,$ c , / (447.) CAMELl'NA* * Linnean Class and Order. Tetradyna'mia f, Siliculo'sa Natural Order. Cruci'feras§, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 237. — Sm. Gram of Bot. p. 138. ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 153. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 498. — Cruciferas ; suborder, Notorhizeje ; tribe, Came- linea? ; Lindl. Syn. pp. 20, 21, & 30. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 14 to 18. — Loud. Hort. Brit. pp. 498 & 499.; Mag. Nat. Hist, v. i. pp. 143 & 240. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. pp. 146 & 149. — Mack. FI. Hibern. pp. 16 & 25. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) pp. 397 & 398. — Rosales ; subord. Rh(eaoosa3 ; sect. Rh.eadin.e ; type, Brassicaceaj ; subtype, Sisymbrid.-e; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 614, 784, 847, 854, and 858. — Siliquos.e, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, equal at the base, of 4 elliptic-oblong, uniform, moderately spreading sepals. Corolla (fig. 2.) cruciform, of 4 inversely egg-shaped, undivided petals, their claws rather shorter than the spreading border. Filaments (see fig. 4.) 6, thread-shaped, simple. Anthers oblong-heart-shaped. Germen (see fig. 4.) roundish. Style cylindrical, upright. Stigma simple, blunt. Pouch (see figs. 5 & 6.) inversely egg-shaped, rarely globular, of 2 cells ; valves inflated, dehiscing along with part of the style. Seeds (see figs. 7 & 8.) numerous in each cell, oblong, com- pressed, not bordered. Cotyledons incumbent. (o||). Flowers yellow. The inversely egg-shaped, many-seeded pouch, with inflated valves; and the simple filaments ; will distinguish this from other genera, with incumbent cotyledons, in the same class and order. One species British. CAMELFNA SATFVA. Cultivated Camelina. Common Gold of Pleasure. Sesamum. Spec. Char. Pouch inversely egg-shaped, bordered, twice as long as the style. Stigma simple. Leaves spear-arrow-shaped. Camelina sativa Crantz, Aust. fase. 1. p. 17. — Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. (3ml edit.) v. iv. p. 93. — De Cand. Syst. v. ii. p. 515. ; Prod. v. i. p. 201. — Hook. FI. Lond. t. 70. — Sm. Engl. Ft. v. iii. p. 164. — With. (7th ed.) v. iii. p. 750. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 698. — Lindl. Syn. p. 30. — Ilook. Brit. FI. p. 300. — Maor. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 20. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. p. 214. — Hook. FI. Scot, p. 198. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 142. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durham, p. 42. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 183. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 263. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 9. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 310. — Mack. Catal l’l. of Irel. p. 60. ; FI. Hibern. p. 25. — Myayrum, Ray’s Syn. p. 302. — Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 273. — Myagrum sati- vum, Linn. Sp. I’l. p. 894. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. I. p. 408. — -FI. Dan. t. 1038. — Cavan. Ic. v. i. p. 47. t. 66. — Ehrh. PI. Off. p. 407. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd edit.) p. 277. — With. (2nd ed. ) v. ii. p. 665. — Liglitf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 336. — Pseudo- myagrum, Matth. Valgr. v. ii. p. 515. — Dalcch. Hist. p. 1137, with a figure. — Sesama, Trag. Hist, p 655, with a figure. — Moenchia sativa, Roth. Germ. v. i. p. 274. — With. 4th ed. — Alyssum sativum, Engl. Bot. t. 1254. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p.679. — With. (5th ed.) v. iii. p. 693. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 260. — Gold of Pleasure, Petiv. H. Brit. t. 48. f. 11. Fig 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Fig. 3. A Petal. — Fig. 4. Stamens and Pistil. — Figs. 5 & 6. Fruit. — Fig. 7. The same with the valves removed, showing the parti- tion, with the seeds attached. — Fig. 8. A Seed. — Figs. 9 6c 10. — The incumbent Cotyledons. * From chamoi, Gr. dwarf or humble ; and linum, flax. + Sec folio 38, note -f. } See folio 107, note J. \ See folio 38, a. Localities. — In cultivated fields; occasionally among Flax, plentifully, but apparently imported with it from abroad, as it does not long propagate itself with us spontaneously. — Oxfordsh. In cornfields, occasionally; near Headington : Rev. R. Walker. Among Flax, in the experimental department of the Botanic Garden; 1841 : W. B. — Cambridgsh. Ctab Marsh, Wisbeach ; and Chippen- ham Gravel-pit: Rev. R. Relhan. — Derbysh , Normanton: Mr. Coke. Hea- nor: IIowitt, in N. B. G. — Dorset; Flax-fields about Bridport, and Lyme : Hudson. — Durham ; On the Ballast Hills of Tyne and Wear: N. J. Winch, F.sq. — Essex ; By the Horse and Groom near Lea Bridge, but scarcely wild : Mr. K. Foster, jun. — Leicestersh. Thrinkstone, among newly sown grass, in 1833, but not appearing since: Ch. Babington, in N. B.G. — Middlesex; Road-side at Stoke Newington ; at Highgate ; and in the Isle of Hogs : Mr. J. Woods, jun. Hampstead Heath: Hunter. — Norfolk ; Out of St. Giles’s Gates, Norwich, by the road-side : Smith. Creek, and Burnham Norton : Miss Bell, in N. B. O. — Northamptonsh. In a Flax-ground at Hingley: Martin. — Northumberland ; In fields between Newcastle and Jesmond on newly broken- up ground; and on the Ballast Hills of Tyne and Wear : N . J. Winch, Esq. — Notts; Banks of the Trent opposite Coiwick: N. B.G. — Shropsh. Cornfields at llord’s Park, Bridgenorth : Rev. A. Bloxam. Among Flax, common: FI. Shropsh. — Somersetsh. Timber-yard at Bridgewater: N. B.G. — Suffolk ; In Lakenham Field, by Wangford: Mr. Eagle. — Surrey; Wimbledon Common : Mautyn. Wandsworth, and Merton: Mr W. Pamplin, jun. — Yorksh. On the foot-road from Thrisk to Thirlby ; cornfields at Clapgate, near Richmond ; near Rotherham; Pontefract; and Beverley; and on the Wolds. Never of long continuance in one station: Mr. Baines. Heslington Fields near York : Sir T. Frankland. — WALES. Montgomerysh. Cornfield near Welchpool : N. B. G. — SCOTLAND. Found occasionally in the counties of Argyle, Ayr, Edinburgh, Fife, Forfar, Lanark, Orkney, and Ross. — IRELAND. In fields, occasionally among Flax, with which it has been imported : FI. Hibern. Annual. — Flowers in June and July. Root small, tapering, fibrous. Stem from 18 inches to 2 or 3 feet high, simple, panicled above, smooth, or more or less downy. Leaves alternate, spear-shaped, pointed, bright green, 2 or 3 inches long, entire, or slightly toothed, sometimes more or less hairy ; clasping the stem with their arrow-shaped base. Flowers small, pale yellow, in loose corymbose clusters. Petals blunt, entire (see tig. 4). Pouches (see figs. 5 & 6.) on long fruit-stalks, spear- shaped, bordered, 4-ribbed, smooth, inflated, and veiny ; terminated by the long style. Seeds (see fig. 7.) 6 or 8 in each cell, slightly angular, inversely egg-shaped, entire at the end. This plant is a native of Germany and the southern counties of Europe, in cornfields, and especially among Flax, with the seed of which it has been introduced into the more northern parts, as Sweden, Denmark, and Britain. It is cultivated in Germany for the sake of the expressed oil of the seeds, which the inhabitants use for medicinal, culinary, and economical purposes. The seeds are said to be a favourite food with geese ; horses, cows, goats, and sheep, eat the plant. Professor Burnett observes, that the pompous provincial name, Gold-oJ -Pleasure, is thought to have a satirical reference to the disappointment gold spent in pleasure falsely so called entails. (448 ) BRACHYPO'DIUM* *. Linnean Class and Order. Tria'ndria f, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Grami'ne>e, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 28. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 86. ; Engl. FI. vi. i. p. 71. — Lindl. Syn. p. 293. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 292. — Rich, by Macgi liv. p. 393. — Loud. Llort. Brit. p. 542. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 294. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p.426. — Gramina, Linn. — Graminalfs; sect. Fes- tucinve; type, Avenace.® ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 359 and 369. Gen. Char. Inflorescence somewhat racemose. Spikelels (fig. 1.) alternate, remote, cylindrical-compressed, many-flowered, with a short pedicel, their sides directed to the rachis. Calyx (fig. 2.) of 2, unequal, spear-shaped, sharp-pointed, concave, keeled glumes , containing many, alternate, 2-ranked, perfect florets. Corolla (fig. 3.) of 2 unequal paleee, the outer one generally awned at the extremity ; the inner one retuse. Scales ( nectary ) spear-shaped, hairy above, occasionally bifid. Filaments (see fig. 3.) 3, hair-like, shorter than the corolla. Anthers strap-shaped, pendulous, notched at each end. Germen (see fig. 4.) turbinate. Styles (see fig. 4.) short. Stigmas feathery. Ovary villous at the end. Seed oblong, quite loose, though closely enveloped in the unchanged corolla. The spike-like inflorescence ; the cylindrical-compressed, many- flowered spikelets , with their sides directed to the rachis ; the calyx of 2, spear-shaped, unequal glumes ; and the corolla of 2 spear- shaped palece, the outer one awned at the extremity, the inner retuse ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. It differs from Festuca (t. 324), in the spike-like inflorescence , and the retuse inner palea of the corolla. Two species British. BRACHYPO'DIUM PINNATUM. Winged Shortfoot. Pinnated False Brome grass. Spiked Heath Fescue grass. Spec. Char. Spike upright. Spikelets nearly cylindrical, 2- ranked, hairy. Awns shorter than the florets. Bit achy podium pinnatum, Beauvois. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 112. — Limit. Syn. p. 297. — Hook. Brit. Ft. p. 55. — Bab. Ft. Bath. p. CO. ; Suppl. p. 101. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 316. — Bromus pinnatus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 115. — Huds. FI. Angl. (lsted.) p. 41. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. I. p. 438. — Sm. in Tran, of Linn. Soc. v. ip. p. 301.— Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 137.— Eng). Bot. t. 730.— With. (7th edit.) v. ii. p. 191. — Weig. Obs. p. 14. t. 1. f. 10. — Host. Gram. Austr. v. i. p. 18. t. 22. — Leers’ FI. Herb. p. 39. t. 1 0. f. 3. — Relh. FI. Cant. ( 3rd ed. ) p. 45. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 27. — FI. Devon, pp. 20 & 125. — Perry’s PI. Varvic. Select, p. 10. — Festuca pinnata, Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 48. excl. var. (3. — Knapp’s Gram. Brit. t. 75. — Schrad. Germ. v. i. p. 342. — Sm. Engl. FI. v. i. p. 150. — With. (5th edit.) v. ii. p. 209.— Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 46. — Abb. FI. Bedf. p. 22. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 83. — Sinel. Hort. Gram. Wob. p. 375. — Rev. G. E. Smith’s PI. of S. Kent. p. 7. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 27.— Irv. Lond. FI. p. 99. — Baines’ FI. of Shropsli. p. 121. — Triticum pinnatum. Macr. Man. Br. Bot. p. 275. — Arena leeta, Salisb. Pro. p.22. — Gramen spied brizee majus, Bauh. Prod. p. 18. ; Theatr. p. 133. — Ray’s Syn. p. 392. — Gramen loliaceum corniculatum, Scheuchz. Agrost. p. 35. Fig. 1. A Spikelet. — Fig. 2. Calyx. — Fig. 3. Corolla, shewing the 2 Palese, and the Stamens, & Pistils. — Fig. 4. Germen, Styles, & Stigmas. — Fig. 5. The Nectary. * From Brachus, Gr. short ; and pous, Gr. a foot ; from the sessile, or nearly sessile spikelets. + See fol. 56, note -f. Localities. — In open fields, and heathy places, on a chalky soil. — Oxfordsh. Common enough about Oxford : D. Hobart. Woodstock Park: Mr. J.Siieii- a n d. Burford Downs: Rev. Dr. Goodenougii. Sliadwell Copse, between Cumnor Hurst and Childswell Farm. On the Leys about a mile E. from Upper Hey ford. Between Upper Ileyford and Northbrook. Side of the road between Witney and Burford ; and between Stonesfield and Woodstock Park : W. B. — Beds. Clapham, between Woods: Abbot. Houghton Conquest Park: B.G. — Cambridyesh. Hedges and dry fields, remaining green in the driest places where other plants are all withered: Relhan. — Jn Derbysh.: N. B.G. — Devon; Chudleigh; Ingsdon near Ilsington ; Bovey Tracey; and Ashburton: FI. Dev. — Dorset; Common on the chalky Downs; cornfields near the turnpike-gate, Weymouth; near Broadway and Blandford : B.G. — Gloucestcrsh. St. Vin- cent’s Rocks; and Broadway Hill : B.G. — Kent; Chalk-hills ; Shakspeare's Cliff; and Dover Cliffs : N.B.G. Between Radigund’s Abbey and Dover; and on Narbourne Downs; B. G. On Shorne Cliff: Rev. G. E. Smith. — Lcicestersh. On the Wolds among Furze ; most common on the eastern side of the county: Dr. Pui.teney. — Norfolk; Earsham, and elsewhere abont Bun- gay: B.G. — Notts; Rather frequent on the magnesian limestone : N.B.G. — Somersetsh . At Charlcombe ; and on the Canal-bank near Bathampton : FI. Bath. — Suffolk; About Bungay: B.G. — Surrey; Between Dorking and Ranmore Common: N.B.G. Shirley Common, near Croydon: Mr. W. Pamplin, jun. — Sussex ; Many places on the Downs: N. B.G. — Warwicksh. Grafton, and Great Alne: T. Purton, Esq. — Worcestersh. Abundantly in almost every pasture of a clayey soil in the neighbourhood of Great Comberton and Pershore : Nash. Badsey: T. Purton, Esq. — Yorksh. Near Bramham, and Market Weighton: Cave Hole Wood; Giggleswick Scar; under a wall near Stackhouse ; near Nunnington, and other places about Castle Howard; Byland Wood, near Coxwold ; toad-side between Ferrybridge and Doncaster; Walkingham Warren, nearFarnham; about Wetherby, plentifully: N.B.G. Thorp Arch; and Roche Abbey: Mr. Baines.— SCOTLAN D. Fifeshire ; Near North Queensferry: Mr. Neill. — IRELAND. In hedges near Kinsale : Mr. J. Drummond. Perennial. — Flowers in July. Root fibrous, somewhat creeping. Culms ( stems J from 18 inches to 2 feet high or more, upright, roundish, striated, smooth, leafy, simple. Leaves somewhat upright, strap-spear-shaped, taper- pointed, rather rigid, striated, roughish, and mostly destitute of hairs. Sheaths upright, upper ones smooth, lower hairy. Stipulce short, blunt, and ciliated. Spike upright, 2-ranked. Spihelets from 6 to 10, alternate, strap-shaped, upright, sessile ; composed of from 6 to 12, closely imbricated florets. Glumes (fig. 2.) unequal, spear- shaped, nerved, slightly awned. Outer Palea (see fig. 3.) with 5 or 7 ribs, somewhat hairy at the margin, with a terminal awn, shorter than itself, sometimes scarcely any. Inner Palea retuse, its margins incurved, with a fringed rib on each side. Mr. Sinclair observes, that this Grass cannot as yet be con- sidered in any other light than as a noxious weed ; for though the weight of produce is considerable, it is neither early, nutritive, or relished by cattle. :W'« • ' V- •• ••••'. • • : • •• • . - ■ • - ■ . . . • . • 'r v* ■■ ■ - ... " - r St i . • .i’ ■ • ... ; ■ ; A *? .' VatMiflt’ilI > i : . J (449) MENZIE'SIA* *. Linnean Class and Order. Octa'ndria f, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Eri'cea:, Brown's Prod. p. 557. — Lindl. Syn p. 172 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 182. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 523. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 179. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 411. — Erica'ce.e ; subtribe, Eri'ceas Norma'les, Don’s Gen. Syst. of Card, and Bot. v. iii. pp. 785 & 786. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit, pp. 1076 & 1079. — Ericine.e, Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 450. — Rho- doukndra, Juss. Gen. Pl.p. 158. — Sm. Gr.ofBot. p. 114. — Syrin- gales; subord. Ericos.e ; sect. Ericina; ; type, Ericaceae; subtype, Ericid.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 900, 937, 944, 946, and 948. — Bicornes, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, of 1 sepal, divided nearly to the base into 4 or 5 segments, permanent. Corolla of 1 petal, inflated, nearly egg-shaped, deciduous ; limb in 4 or 5 small, spreading, equal segments. Filaments (fig. 2.) 8 or 10, thread- shaped, equal, shorter than the corolla, inserted into the receptacle. Jlnthers oblong, without horns or crest ; cloven at the base ; open- ing by 2 pores at the summit. Germen superior, roundish, fur- rowed. Style ( see figs. 1 & 3.) upright, angular, rather longer than the stamens, Stigma blunt, with 4 or 5 small notches. Capsule (see figs. 4 & 5.) elliptic-oblong, with 4 or 5 furrows, and as many valves and cells ; the partitions (dissepiments) formed by the in- flexed margins of the valves, and opening between them. Seeds (fig. 6.) numerous, small, oblong, acute, affixed to the ribs of the central column. The inferior, deeply 4- or 5-parted calyx ; the ventricose corolla, with a spreading 4- or 5-toothed limb ; and the 4- or 5-celled, many-seeded capsule, with 4 or 5 valves dehising through the dis- sepiments ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Two species British. MENZIE'SIA POLIFO'LIA. Polium-leaved Menziesia. Irish Menziesia. Irish Heath. Irish Whorts. St. Dabeoc’s Heath. Heath Gardrobe. Spec. Char. Leaves egg-shaped, the margins revolute ; downy and white beneath. Flowers 4-cleft, with 8 stamens, in terminal leafy racemes. Juss. in Ann. du Mus. v. i. p. 55. — Ait. Ilort. Kew. (2nd ed.) v. ii. p. 3G0. — Sm. Eng. FI. v. ii. p. 223. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 480. — Gray’s Nat. Avr. v. ii. p. 397.— Lindl. Syn. p. 173.— Ilook. Br. FI. p. 175.— Irv. Lond. FI. p. 242.— Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 180. — Menziesia Dabeoci, Sm. Comp. (3rded ) p. Cl. — Mack. Cat. PI. of Irel. p. 37. — Erica Dabeocii, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 509. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd cd. ) p. 166. — Engl. Bot. t. 35. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 420. — Erica Daboecia, Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Stamens. — Fig. 3. Unripe Capsule, with Calyx & Style. — Fig. 4. Ripe Capsule. — Fig. 5. Transverse section of ditto. — Fig. 6. A Seed. * So named, by Sir J. E. Smith, in honour of Archibald Menzies, F. L. S. &c. Surgeon and Naturalist to the expedition under Vancouver; in which voyage he collected many specimens of plants on the North-west coast of America, New Holland, Van Diemen’s Land, &c. t See fol. 42, n. t. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. ii. pt. i. p.383.— With. (5thed.lv. ii. p. 462 .—Erica cantabrica. ftore maximo, foliis myiti, subtux incanis, Tourn. In»t. p. 603. — Dill, in Ray’s Syn. p. 472. — Erica hibernica, foliis myrti pilosis subtus incanis. Pet. Gazoph. p. 6. t. 27. f. 4. — Andromeda Daboecia, Linn. Syst. Veg., 13th ed. p. 338. ; 14th ed. p. 406. ; 15th ed. p. 434. — With. 1st ed. v. i. p. 247. ; 2nd ed. v, i. p. 425. — Vaccinium Cantabricum, Huds. Ft. Angl ( 1st ed. ) p. 143. — Dabae'Cia polifo- lia, D.t Don in Edin. Phil. Journ. 17. p. 160. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Rot. v. iii. p. 833. — Loud. Arb. et Frutie. Brit. v. ii. p. 1116, with a figure. — Macr. Man. Brit Bot. p. 150. Localitii s. — On mountains in the west of Ireland, in a boggy soil. Frequent on dry heaths over all the wild dislr el of Ounuamara, and the mountainous parts of Mayo: FI. Hib— It is recorded, in Watson’s New Botanist's Guide, on the authority of Miss Bi ll, as having been gathered in Sherwood Forest, in Nottinghamshire ; but Mr. Watson doubts whether it might not have been planted there. Shrub. — Flowers in June, July, and August. Stems bushy, from 12 to 18 inches high, much branched, nearly cylindrical, leafy, clothed with projecting hairs, often of a reddish- brown colour. Leave s numerous, rather crowded, on short pe- tioles, usually alternate, sometimes opposite, or even three together ; dark green and shining above, with a few scattered, glandular hairs ; densely clothed with white cottony down beneath, their margins entire, and slightly revolute. Flowers large, and hand- some, drooping, purplish-red, in terminal, simple racemes, each on a simple, somewhat viscid pedicel, accompanied by a small, strap- shaped, hairy bractea at its base. Calyx (fig. 1.) in 4, deep, acute, hairy, viscid segments. Corolla (fig. 4.) egg-shaped, a little con- tracted at the mouth, with 4 blunt anodes, and 4 recurved segments. Stamens (fig. 2.) 8, witlvwhite filaments. Anthers nearly as long as the filaments, a little shorter than the corolla, brown, somewhat arrow-shaped at the base. Capsule (see fig. 5.) of 4 cells, with partitions from the edges of the valves. A white-flowered variety is cultivated in gardens; it has also been found wild in lieland, (see Loud. May. Nat. Hist. v. iv. p. 167.) growing along with the common variety. Both varieties ate highly deserving a place in t lie flower- garden, and ate well fitted for decorating the fiont of shtubberies, or to be grown on rock-work or banks. The Natural Order Erice.e consists of dicotyledonous shrubs or tinder shrubs, with opposite or whorled, mostly evergreen and rigid leaves, without stipulse. The calyx is inferior, permanent, and di- vided into 4 or 5 segments. The corolla is of 4 or 5 divisions, regular or irregular, almost hypogynous, generally withering. The stamens are definite, and either equal in number to the segments of the corolla, or twice as many. rl he anthers are 2-celled, the cells separating at the apex or at the base, opening by pores, and often furnished with some kind of appendage. The ovary is surrounded by a disk or scales, and is many-celled, and many-seeded. The style is simple, with an undivided or lobed stigma. The fruit is capsular, many-celled, and many-seeded, with a central receptacle. The seeds are small, and have a fleshy albumen. The British Genera in this order are — Erica, t. 418. — Calluna> t. 76. — Menziesia, t. 449. — Azalea. — Andromeda, t. 361. — Arbu- tus— and Ledum. / Pub. IjWBuxltr. Bolunic GcL+fUriOjfird 28U (450.) BARBA.ItE'A* * Linncnn Clans and Order. Tetradyna'mia f, Siliquo'saJ. Natural Order. Ckuci'ff.r,e§, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 237. — Sm. Gram. of Pot. p. 138. ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 153. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p.498. — Crucsfkkal; subord. Pleurorh!zeve|| ; tribe, Ara- bi'de.e, Lindl. Syn. pp. 20 & 22 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. ll to 18. — Loud. Hort Brit, pp. 498 & 499.; Mag. of Nat. '.list. v. i. pp. 143 & 239- — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. pp. 146 & 147. — Mack. FI. Ilib. pt.i. p. 16. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 397. — Rosales ; subord. Rhcea dosa; ; sect. Rieeadin.® ; type, Brassicace e; subtype, Ararid.f, ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 614, 784, 847, 854, & 856. — Siliquos.e, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (figs. 1 & 2.) inferior, nearly equal at the ba°e, upright ; of 4 oblong, concave, somewhat coloured, decidu- ous sepals. Corolla (fig. 3.) cruciform, of 4 inversely egg-shaped, blunt, undivided, flat petals ; their claws (see fig. 4.) nearly as long as the calyx. Filaments (see fig. 5.) 6, awl-shaped, simple, dis- tinct, upright, with a gland at each side between the two shorter ones and the pistil. Germen (see fig. 5.) oblong, quadrangular. Style (see figs. 5 & 6.) short, cylindrical. Stigma blunt, simple. Pod (figs. 6 & 7.) 4-angled, and somewhat 2-edged ; valves con- cave, heeded, even and straight ; partition (see fig. 8.) membra- nous, thick-edged. Seeds (see fig. 8.) ranged alternately, in a single row, egg-shaped, flattish, not bordered ; cotyledons flat, accumbent (o=), see fig. 10. The upright calyx ; the 4-angled, slightly compressed pod ; the seeds in a single row ; and the two shorter filaments with glands at the inside, between them and the pistil ; will distinguish this from other g nera, with flat accumbent cotyledons, in the same class and order. Two species British. BARBARE'A YULG.VRJS. Common Winter-cress. Bitter Winter-cress. Yellow Rocket. Herb St. Barbara. Winter Hedge- mustard. Spec. Char. Lower leaves lyrate, the terminal lobe rounded; upper inversely egg-shaped, toothed, often pinnatifid at the base. Pods linear, bluntly 4-angled, pointed with the style. Ait. Hort. Kew.' (2nd edit.) v. iv. p. 109. — Sm. Engl. Ft. V. iii. p. 198. — With. (7th ed.) v. iii. p. 771. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. t. ii. p. G77. — Lindl. Syn. p. 23. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 304. — lion’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v i. p. 159. — D. Cand. Prod, v. i. p. 140. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 14. — Hook. I'M. Scot. p. 200. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 143. — FI. Devon. pp. Ill & 189. — Johnst. FI. of Berw. t. i. p. 145. — Winch’s FI. of Norllmmb. and Durh. p. 44. -- Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 191. — Loud. Eneyel. of Gard. (new edit.) p. 8G4. paragr. 4459. — Bah. FI. Bath. p. 4. ; Prim. FI Figs. 1 & 2. Calyx. — Fig. 3. Calyx and Corolla. — Fig. i. A Petal. — Fig. 5. Stamens and Pistil. — Fig. 6. An Unripe Pod. — Fig. 7. Ripe Pod, with the valves separating. — Fig. 8. Partition, showing the attachment of the Seeds. — Fig. 9. A Seed. — Fig. 10. Accumbent Cotyledons, magnified. * From its being formerly dedicated to St. Barbara. ■f See t. $8, n. t. t See t. 62, n. }. 5 Seei. 38, a. I] See f. 141, n. [)■ Sam. p. 5. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 46. — Irv. Loud. FI. p. 163. — Luxf. Brig. FI. p. 58. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 23. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 12. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 317. — Gulliv. PI. Banb. p. 14. — Mack. Catal. PI. oflrel. p. 62.; FI. Hibern. p. 19. — Barbarea, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 243, with a figure. — Bauli. Hist. v. ii. p. 868. f. 869. — Erysimum Barbarea, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 922. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd edit.) p. 286. — Willd. Spec. PI. v. iii. pt. I. p. 509. — Engl. Bot. t. 443. — FI. Dan. t. 985. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 706. — Bryant’s FI. Ditetet. p. 99. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 355. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 202. — Abbot’s FI. Bcdf. p. 144. — Thomp. Pi. of Berw. p. 67. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 64. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 305. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 268. — Eruca lutea seu Barbarea, Kay’s Syn. p. 297. Localities. — In moist waste places, about hedges, banks of ditches, and in marshy meadows ; frequent. Perennial. — Flowers from May to August. Root tapering, somewhat woody. Stem from 12 to 18 inches high, upright, stout, simple or branched, angular and furrowed, smooth, leafy. Leaves alternate, lower ones lyrate, with a large, roundish, terminal lobe ; upper ones inversely egg-shaped, toothed, often pinnatifid ; all smooth, strongly ribbed, of a firm texture, and clasping the stem by their arrow-shaped base. Flowers small, bright yellow, in roundish, corymbose clusters. Sepals oblong- egg-shaped, concave, 3-ribbed, upright. Petals twice the length of the sepals, inversely egg-shaped, veiny, their claws upright, the limb spreading. Pod ( siliqua) upright, strap-shaped, smooih, not very acutely 4-angled, six times as long as the spreading pedicel, crowned with the narrow, rather elongated, style, which is about half the length of the pedicel. Seeds inversely egg-shaped, com- pressed, minutely and deeply pitted. A variety with double flowers is cultivated in gardens, under the name of Double Yellow Rocket. The whole herb has a nauseous bitter taste, and is in some degree mucilagin- ous ; it is sometimes cuhivated as a Spring salad, but it has nothing in flavour to recommend it. In Sweden they boil the leaves as kale. Cows are said to eat this plant ; horses and swine to refuse it ; goats and sheep are not fond of it. — A minute species of Tipula, or Call Gnat, sometimes renders the flowers like a Hop-blossom ; but this metamorphosis does not strictly partake of the nature of galls, as it originates not from the egg, but from the larva, which, in the oper- ation of extracting the seed in some way impatts a morbid action to the juices, causing the flower to expand unnaturally. A parasitical, white fungus, Uredo Candida, of Persoon, is common on the under side of the leaves, and on the stem of this plant, in the Summer. I long to hold communion safe as sweet With trees and flowers ; they are no demagogues, They teach no treason, nor with guilty strife Seek for advancement through another’s fall ; The flow’ret that on scarce an inch of earth Peeps through the crevice of some mossy wall. Is as contented as the giant oak That covers half an acre with its shade *. * See a volume of delightful poetry, by the author of “ The Moral of Flowers,” intituled, “ Recollections of the Lakes, and other Poems.” 4*52 Fubfyy V?. Baxter Botanu Ga ^d'*. Qjtford I3i.i. Huffliltel. JfothsmxJic (451 .) RU'PPIA * *. Linnean Class and Order. Tetra'ndria f. Tetragy'nia. Natural Order. Fluvia'lesJ, Vent. — Lindl. Syn. p. 248. ; In- trod. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 289. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 541. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 264. — Naiadks, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 18. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 66.— Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 423.— Najadea;, Rich, hy Macgilliv. p. 387. — Juncales ; sect. Nayadinae ; type, Naya- dace.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 403 and 413. — InundaTjE, Linn. Gen. Char. Flowers 2, on a spadix arising from the sheathing bases of the leaves (see figs. 1, 2, & 5.), which perform the office of a spatha. Calyx and Corolla none. Anthers (see fig. 3.) 4, sessile, irregularly quadrangular, depressed, bursting by a horizontal transverse fissure. Germens (see figs. 3 & 4.) 4, occasionally 5, turbinate, at length stalked (see fig. 2). Styles none. Stigmas blunt, depressed in the centre. Fruit (see figs. 4 & 8.) dry, egg- shaped, 1-seeded, crowned by the permanent stigma, and each elevated on a stalk, 4 or 5 times its own length. The solitary spadix (fig. 5.), bearing only 2 flowers , each of 4 germens, without either calyx or corolla; and the stalked fruit ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. It has the habit of Potamogeton, but it differs from that genus in the want of a corolla, in the posture as well as shape of the anthers, and in the stalked fruit. Sm. One species British. RU'PPIA MARITIMA. Sea Ruppia. Tassel Pond-weed. Sea Fennel. Spec. Char. Engl. Bot. t. 136. — Ilook. FI. Lond. t. 50. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 184. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 77. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. I. p. 717. — Sm. FI. Blit. v. i. p. 198; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 237. — With. (7th ed. ) v. ii. p. 260. — Gray’s Nat. Air. v. i. p. 32. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 77. — Lindl. Syn. p. 251. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 224. — Light. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 124. t. 8. f. 1. — Davies’s Welsh Bot. p. 18. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd edit.) p. 70. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 59. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 42. — Rev. G. E. Smith’s PI. of S. Kent, pp. 9—12. t. 1. f. 1. -FI. Devon, pp. 31 & 1 13.— Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 11. — Murray’s Northern FI. p. 111. — Bah. Prim. FI. Sarn. p. 100. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 85. — Baines’ FI. ofYorksli. p. 97 — Mack. Catal. PI. of Irel. p. 20. ; FI. Hibern p. 267 — Potamogeton mantimum, gramineis longi- oribus foliis, fructu fere umbellate, Ray s Syn. p. 134. t. 6. f. 1. — Potamogeton maritimum pusillum alterum, Pluk. Phyt. t. 248. f. 4. — Fucus ferulaceus. Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 1573. — Tassel Pond-weed, Petiv. H. Brit. t. 6. f. 1. — Itaccaferrea maritima, foliis aiutissimis ; etiam foliis minus acutis, Mich. Gen. p. 72. t. 35. Fig. 1. Fruit in a young state. — Fig. 2. The same, advanced to maturity. — Fig. 3. A single Flower. — Fig. 4. Spadix, showing ripe pedieelled Fruit in the superior part. — Fig. 5. Spadix of Flowers seen from its anterior side, a. the germens. — Fig. 6. Anther. — Fig 7. Same burst open — Fig. 8. Fruit or Nut, natural sire. — Fig. 9. Seed, back view of. — Fig. 10. Side view of ditto, showing its point of at- tachment to the Capsule. — Figs. 4 to 10, from FI. Lond. • So named in honour of Henry Bernard Remus, author, in 1718, of Flora Jenensis. 4 See fol. 46, note f. 4 See fol. 350, a. Localities. — In salt-water pools and ditches.— Cambridgesh. Ditches below Wisbeach. — Cornwall; Salt ditches. — Devon; Exminster and Rowdeiham Marshes; salt ditches near Starcross; and Braunton Burroughs. — Dorset; Ditches on the coast; at Pool. — Durham; Near 'lees’ Mouth. — Essex ; In a d.tch by the road-side between Hevbridge and Goldhanger, near Maldon — Hants; By the ferry over the river Itclien, near Southampton. — Kent; Dikes and pools near the sea at Dimchurch; and in the marsh ditches at Sheppey, plentiful. — Norfolk; Salt-water ditches near Yarmouth; (Jaistor ; Bradwell, &c. — Northumberland, ; In Meggy’s Bourn, north of Seaton Sluice. — Somer- set; Salt marsh at the base of Brean Down. — Suffolk ; Salt-marsh ditches at Aldborough and Orford ; at Dunvvich; and about Yarmouth. — Sussex; Rye and Shorehatn: VV. Borrer, Esq. Salt-pans Birdham, near Chichester; and in Chichester Creek : Mr. E. J inner. — Yorksh. Salt- water ditches in the marshes at Coatham: Mr. Baines. Tees’ Mouth. — WALES. Anylesea ; Not rare; between Beaumaris and Penmon, Sec.; near Llanddwyn. — Caernarvonsh. Ditches between Treath Mawr and Pont Abeiglaslyn. — Denbiyhsh. Not com- mon.— SCOTLAND. Elyinsh. Kinloss, nea‘ the Nehool-house. — Forfarsh. Montrose. — Haddingtonsh. Salt-water pools on Guillen Links ; Vberlady Bay. — Inverness-shire ; Glen Elg. — Kincardinesh. in Uie neighbourhood of Ber- vie. — Kirkcudbriyhtsh. Kiikcndluight Loch. | For authoiil'es, see N. B. G.] — IRELAND. Near the N. Wall, Dublin. Near Passage, county of Cork. Abundant along the shore of Lough Foyle. FI. Hihern. Perennial. — Flowers in July and August. Plant submersed. Roots fibrous, in tufts from several of the lower joints of the stem. Stems long, slender, thread-shaped, flexuose, much branched, leafy. Leaves alternate, strap-shaped, very narrow, more or less pointed, channelled ; clasping the stem with their sheaths, which are sometimes narrow and small, at other times large and inflated. Spadix (see figs. 4 & 5.) at first very short, included in the sheath of the leaves, with 2 green Jlowers , one above another on opposite sides, and quite destitute of either calyx or corolla. Anthers (see fig. 3.) 4, large, sessile, bursting horizontally, 1-celled. Meutens and Kocii say that each pair is, in fact, the 2 cells of l anther ; and that there are, in reality, but 2 sessile stamens. Pollen, a tube with 3 globules, one in the mid- dle, and one at each end of the tube. Germens (see fig. 5, a.) 4, occasionally 5 or 6, resembling minute tubercles in the centre between the anthers ; as these approach maturity their base elon- gates into a fruit-stalk, one or two inches long (see fig. 2.) ; each then becomes an oblique, egg-shaped, more or less pointed, peri- carp, (see fig. 8.), inclosing a single seed. This plant, when notin fruit, very much resembles Potamogeton pectinatum. “ Its whole history,” observes the Rev. G. E. Smith, “ is deeply interesting, and raises the humble and hidden tenant of the dyke to rivalry with the celebrated Valesneria for, like that plant, it lengthens or contracts its flower-stalk according to the greater or less depth of the water ; and, assuming a spiral form, the flowers are thus elevated above the surface, where the anthers burst, and discharge their pollen, after which the flower-stalk, bear- ing the fertilized stigrnas, sinks within the bosotn of its parent plant. For many interesting particulars relative to the history and economy of this curious plant, see FLioker’s Flora Londinensis, t. 50. ; and the Key. G. K. SMituf Catalogue of Plants, collected in South Kent, pp. 9 — 12. The specimen ficm which the drawing for the accompanying plate was made, was kindly communicated to me by my friend Mr. E. Jennir.oI Lewes, Sussex. (452.) CYPE'RUS* * Linnean Class and Order. TruA'NDRiAf, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Cypera'ce.-eJ, Juss. — Lindl. Syn. p.278.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 304. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 392. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 541. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 318. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p.427. — Cyperoide.e, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 26. — Sm. Gr. of Bot. p. 68. — Cyperales ; sect. Cyperina; ; type, Scirpacea: ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 354 & 357- — Calamarial, Linn. Gen. Char. Spikelets (fig. 1.) mostly strap-shaped, compress- ed, of numerous flowers (see fig. 2). Glumes (see fig. 2.) of one valve, uniform, keeled, imbricated in 2 opposite ranks, all perfect, except one or two at the bottom. Filaments (see fig. 2.) 2 or 3, short. Anthers strap-shaped. Germen (see figs. 2 & 3.) round- ish, without bristles beneath. Style (see fig. 3.) simple at the base, deciduous. Stigmas (see fig. 3.) 2 or 3. Seed pointed, smooth, loose. The 2-ranked, many-flowered spikelets ; the glumes of 1 valve, equal, and nearly all fertile ; and the inarticulated, deciduous style, without bristles ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Two species British. CYPE'RUS LO'NGUS. Long Cyperus. ’ Sweet Cyperus. Eng- lish Galingale. Spec. Char. Stem triangular. Spikelets strap-spear-shaped, nearly upright, in doubly compound umbels. General Iuvolucrum very long, leafy ; partial one small. Engl. Bot. t. 1309. — Jacq. Icon. Ror. t. 297. — Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 30 t. — Ray’s Syn. p. 425. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 67. — Huds. Ft. Angt. ^2nd ed.) p. 17. — Willd. Sp. 11. v. i. pt. i. p. 285. excl. Rottb. Syn. — Sm. Ft. Brit. v. i. p. 47. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 53. — With. (7tli ed.) v. ii. p. 106. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 70. — Lindl. Syn. p. 279. — Hook. Brit. Ft. p. 19. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 245. — Schrad. Germ. v. i. p. 120. — Rev. G. E. Smith’s PI. of S. Kent. p. 3. — Bab. Prim. Ft. Sam. p. 101. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 217. — Cyperus longus odoratus, Bauh. Theat. p. 216. — Moris, v. iii. p. 237. sect. 8. t. It. f. 13. — Cyperus odoratus, radice long a, Scheuchz. Agrost. p. 378. t. 8. f. 12. Localities. — In marshes, but very rare. — Kent ; This rare and very elegant Grass is spread over a confined, black, boggy track at Whiting Brooks, above the Warren, near Seabrooke : Rev. G. E. Smith. — Somerset; In an old fish-pond at the back of a cottage at Walton-in-Gordano : B. G. — Wilts; In 1839, Mr. Peete found about a quarter of an acre of Cyperus longus, within a quarter of a mile of Boyton House: Mr. \V. Pamplin, jnn. in N. B. G. — WALES. Pembrokeshire ; By a little rivulet that runs into Whitsand Bay, between SL David's Town and St. David’s Head: Sir John Cullum. Perennial. — Flowers in July and August. Root moderately creeping, aromatic, and astringent. Culm (stem ) from 2 to 3 feet high, simple, without joints, triangular, smooth, shining, leafy and sheathing at the bottom. Leaves long, and nar- row, striated, very rough on the upper surface and at the margins, Fig. 1. A Spikelet. — Fig. 2. A separate Flower. — Fig. 3. Germen, Style, and Stigma. — Figs. 2 & 3, magnified. * From kyparos, Gr. a vase, or round vessel ; in allusion to the form of the root. f See fob 56, note t. t See fob 436, a. smooth beneath ; sheaths very long, especially those of the leaves which rise highest, as they all run down to the base of the stem. Umbel large, terminal, accompanied by an involucrum of 4 or 5 leaves, one of which is often nearly or quite 2 feet long. Peduncles triangular, smooth, the outer one about 6 inches long, the rest gradually shorter, each with a sheathing bractea at its base. Pedi- cels ( partial flower-stalks J slender, triangular, smooth, from the 8th of an inch to an inch long, subtended by small bracteas. Spike- lets shining brown, narrow, upright, 5 or 6 together, loosely spread- ing in two directions. Stigmas 3. This is a very graceful plant, and is found wild in France, Germany, Italy, Sicilv, and Carniola, as well as in Britain. The root has a pleasant aromatic smell, and a warm bitter taste ; but it is not used medicinally, though Dr. IV n her i ng says, perhaps it is not inferior to some more costly medicines biought from abroad. “ From earliest childhood I have ever found Companionship in flowers, and shall methinks Until my dying day. They seem, fair things, (At least when Fancy gifts them with her spell) To understand and share my every mood More readily than creatures rational. If glad of heart, they give me smile for smile. If sorrowful, they yield me solace sweet, Or if to holier thoughts my heart incline. They never check, like the cold scorning world, My heavenly aspirations, but at once Take up a serious, monitory strain, And preach sweet homilies more touching far Than often flow from learned doctor’s tongue. Next to that Book which shows to guilty man How he, through mercy infinite, may gain More than he lost in Eden, I do rank, And justly so, sweet nature’s varied lore, For well it seconds many a glorious truth ■Which in that better record stands reveal’d. The furious hurricane that rends the heavens. And makes the scared and desolated earth Reel like a drunkard, the resistless flood, The barren waste, nay, e’en the very thorn Which wounds our finger when we pluck the flower. And noxious weed that ‘ mocks the hope of toil,’ Ho all attest one truth, man’s foul revolt. The changing seasons, winter’s death-like reign. So soon succeeded by the bloom of spring, What are they but the types of man’s decease And resurrection ? The blithe birds which build Beneath our cottage eaves, — the smiling flowers Which decorate the hedgerow and the mead. Do they not mind us to repose our trust On Him, who feeds and clothes them day by day 1 What says the lip of Wisdom ? * Mark the fowls. Which neither sow, nor reap, nor store in barns. And yet your heavenly Father feedeth them. Consider too the lilies, how they grow, They neither toil nor spin, and yet I say That Solomon in all his glorious pomp Was not array’d like these. Wherefore if Cod Thus clothes the grass, so soon to pass away, And feed the fowls of heaven, shall He not then Much rather for your daily wants provide, O ye of little faith V ” From Recollections of the Lakes, by the author of the “ Moral of Flowers.” 4.32 taC 7/ 7tu+s£%JPe£ JPitb ^ W. 3 ca&'rB tfamc fa^den $e/cr»7 ?3!* f J/a/i**. J Sc (453.) ASTRAGALUS* * * * §. Linnean Class and Order. Diadf/lphia f, Deca'ndrIA. Natural Order. Legumino's.e, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 345. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 174. — Lindl. Syn. p. 75. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 87. — Rich, by Maegilliv. p. 532. — Sm. Engl. FI. v. iii. p- 259. — Loud. Hurt. Brit. p. 509. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p. 91. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 73. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 404. — Legumina'ceje, Loud. Arb. Brit. p. 561. — Papi- lionac'e.e J, Linn — Rosales; sect. Cicerin/E, subsect. Lo- tiaNje ; type, Lotacf.A\ ; subtype, Lotida; ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 614, 638, 642, & 644. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, tubular, permanent, with 5 acute teeth, the lower ones gradually longest. Corolla (see fig. 2.) papilionaceous, of 5 petals ; standard (fig. 2.) egg-shaped, blunt, upright, longer than the rest ; wings (see fig. 2.) oblong, somewhat half egg-shaped, shorter than the standard; keel (fig. 3.) as long as the wings, rounded in front, of 2 united petals, with separate claws. Filaments (see fig. 4.) 10; 9 united in one compressed lube, open above; the tenth hair-like, usually shorter, quite sepa- rate. duikers roundish. Germen oblong, compressed. Style (see figs. 4 & 5.) awl-shaped, ascending, smooth. Stigma blunt. Legume (see figs. 6 & 7.) variously shaped, more or less tumid, of 2 longitudinal cells ; the partition double, more or less complete, from the lower suture being turned inwards. Seeds (fig. 8.) one or more, kidney-shaped. The blunt keel of the corolla ; the 2-celled, or partially 2-celled, legume, with the margins of the lower suture turned inwards; will distinguish this from other genera, with diadelphous stamens, in the same class and order. Three species British. ASTRA'GALUS HYPOGLO'TTIS§. Tongue-under-tongue. Milk Vetch. Purple Milk Vetch. Purple Milk-wort. Purple Cock’s- llead. Spec. Char. Stems prostrate, rather hairy. Leaflets slightly emarginate. Legumes egg-shaped, upright, capitate, hairy ; their cells 1-seeded. Engl. Bot. t. 274 — Linn. Maut. v. ii. p. 274. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. ii. p. 1285. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 779. ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 294. — With. (7th ed.) v. iii. p. 849. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 608. — Litidl. Syn. p. 78. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 325. — Do Cand. Prod. v. ii. p. 281. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p. 253. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 56. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 227. — Thomps. PI. of Berw. p. 74. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd cd.) p. 297. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 217. — Grev. FI. Ediu. p. 159. — Johnst. FI, of Berw. v. i. p. 161. — Winch’s FI. ofNortbumb. and Durham, Fig. 1. Calyx and Bractea. — Fig. 2. Corolla, with the Calyx and Bractea. — Fig. 3. Keel. — Fig. 4. Keel, with the Stamens and Pistil. — Fig. 5. Germen, Style, and Stigma. — Fig. 6. Legume. — Fig. 7. Transverse section of Legume. — Fig. 8. Seed. * From astragalos, Gr. the vertebra ; in allusion to the knotted root of that individual plant to which it was formerly applied. •f See folio 77, note -}-. t See folio 117, note t. § From hypo, Gr under ; and qtotta, Gr. a tonque ; in reference to the shape of the Legumes. p. 48. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 211. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 48. — Xrv. Lond. FI. p. 176. — Baines' FI. of Yorksh. p. 30. — Mack. F). Ilibem. p. 76. — Astragalus are- narius, FI. Dan. t. 014. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nded.) p. 323.- Lightf. Fi. Scot. v. i. p. 400. — Astragalus incanus parvus purpureus nostras, Kay’s Syn. p. 32G. t. 12. f. 3. Localities. — On hills, and open mountainous heaths, in a dry gravelly, chalky, or sandy soil ; also on the sea coast. — Oxfordsh. Burford Downs: Dr. SiBTiionp. Under a wall on the side of the road between Witney and Burford, about 3 or 4 miles from the latter place ; June, 1831 : W. B.- — Beds ; Hills near Dunstable: M r. Woodward. — Cambridgesh. Gogmagog Hills; ShelfordMoor ; Hildersham ; Barrington Hill, near Linton; Newmarket Heath; Linton, and Teversham : Rev. R. Rei.han. Between Newmarket and Chippenham; Fleam Dyke; N.B. G. — Cumberland; Keswick: Mr. Hutton. — Durham; On the sandy banks of the sea-coast near Whitburn; South Shields; Seaton Carew; Blackwell, six miles from Hartlepool ; and near the mouth of the Tees: N. J. Winch, Esq. Durham: N. B. G — Gloucestersh. Beaumonts Hay; Upper Slaughter; and Barrington Bushes: Rev. E. F. Witts. — Hants; Carisbrook Castle Hill: Mr. Griffith. — Leicestersh, Charnwood Forest, very rare: Rev. A. Bloxam. — Lincolnsh. Near Grantham, on the Heath: D. Turner, Esq. On Lincoln Heath : Sir T. G. Culi.um. — Norfolk ; On Swaffham Heath : Mr. Woodward. Barton Bendish, on the road to Swaffham: Rev. R. Forbv. — Northumberland ; On the summit of Ratcheugh Crag near Alnwick; and on the Links at Tynemouth ; Dunstanborough ; Holy Island; Budle ; Bamborough : Beadnel ; and north of N'ewbiggin : N.J. Wink, Esq. On Spittal Point; and Banks to the southward; Links beyond Scrammerston ; and on Holy Island near the Castle: Thompson. Near St. Mary’s Isle : N.B G. — Suffolk; About Bury: Sir T. G. Cullum Newmarket Heath, on both sides of the town : Rev. G. Crabbe. — Worcestersh. Near the summit of Biedon Hill, at the height of 800 feet, the only habitat in the county: Mr. E. Lf.es. — Yorksh. On the Wolds near Birdsall ; and by the road from Mahon to Settiington ; Seamer Moor, and Ganton Dale near Scaiboiough ; Thorp Arch ; Paik at Ebberston Lodge, and other pastuies near Mallon : B. G. Jack- Daw Cragg, two miles West of Fad- caster ; road-sides from Sherburn to Huddlestone Quarry; I.ongton Wold; Lime Hills at Kippax • near the Pyramid at Castle Howard ; near Hazelwood ; Pigburn Fields, near Doncaster; on \\ elburn Moor; Clifford Moor, near We- therby ; and on the Limestone Track near Leeds: N. B.G., & FI. of Yorksh. — SCOTLAND. In the counties of Aberdeen ; Berwick; Edinburgh ; Elgin ; Fife; Forfar ; Haddinton ; Perth; and Boss. — IRELAND. On the largest of the S. Islands of Arran: FI. Hibern. Perennial. — Flowers in June and July. Root creeping, slender, woody. Stems several, from 2 to 6 or 8 inches long, slightly branched, procumbent, leafy, rather hairy. Leaves pinnate, of many little egg-shaped, blunt, dark-green leaflets , sometimes rather emarginate ; coarsely hairy on both sides. Slipulas egg-shaped. Flowers variegated with purplish blue and white, rarely quite white, in roundish heads, on axillary peduncles from 2 to 6 inches long. Calyx twice as long as the bractea, clothed with black and white hairs intermixed. Legumes egg- shaped, turgid, deeply channelled along the back, compressed, hairy ; hooked at the point, 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded. This very pretty plant is a native of many other parts of Europe as well as of Britain, as it is also of Barbary, Tauria, Siberia, and North America, on hills and mountains. The drawing for the annexed plate was made from a specimen gathered between Witney and Burford, by my much-esteemed friend Mr. J. Haines, sen. of the Radcliffe Library, who kindly communicated it to me. Tnt'nUlJtl JW*lt)ilfBulir3,:mc Or- Am &Ww« Wkt»c St (454.) RU'MEX * *. Linnean Class ami Order. Haxa'ndria f, Trigy'nia. Natural Order. Polygo'ne.f. +, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 82. — Sra. Gr. of But. p. 90. — Lindl. Syn. p. 209; Introd. to Nat. Syst of Bot. p. 169. — Rich, by Maegilliv. p. 424. — Loud. Hurt. Brit. p. 531. — Mack. FI. Ilibern. p. 220. — Hook. FI. Brit. (4th edit.) p. 417. — Querneai.es; sect. Rumicina:; type, Polygonace.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 523, 587, & 596. — Holeracea2, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (see fig. 1.) inferior, of 3 blunt, spreading, permanent sepals, more or less united at the base. Corolla (see figs. 1.) of 3 egg-shaped petals, larger than the calyx, but similar in hue, though thinner in texture, and more veiny, subsequently enlarged, converging round the seed, and permanent (see fig. 2.), bearing, in some species, a dorsal grain or tubercle, (see fig. 3). Filaments (see fig. 1.) 6, hair-like, very short. Anthers upright, oblong, of 2 lobes. Germen superior, triangular, rather turbinate ; sometimes in a separate flower. Styles 3, hair-like, spreading, pro- truding between the petals. Stigmas large, in many fine tufted segments. Seed-vessel none, except the enlarged, closed petals. Seed (nut) (see figs. 4 & 5.) 1, triangular, polished, with 3 sharp edges ; embryo oblong, at one side of the albumen. The calyx of 3 sepals, combined at the base ; the corolla of 3 petals ; the many-cleft stigmas ; and the triangular nut, covered by the enlarged petals ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Fourteen species British. RU'MEX OBTUSIFOL1US. Blunt-leaved Dock. Broad-leaved Dock. Common Dock. Butter Dock. Red Shanks. Spec. Char. Radical leaves heart-shaped, blunt, wavy and crisped at the margins. Enlarged Petals oblongo-triangular, reticu- lated, toothed at the base, with an entire point, one principally tu- berculated. Whorls approximate, nearly leafless. Engl. Bot. t. 1999.— Curt. FI. Loml. t. 168. — Linn. Sp. I’l. p. 478.— Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 155 — Willd. Sp. PI. v. ii. pt. i. p. 255.— Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 392. ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 192.— With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 457.— Lindl. Syn. p. 210.— Hook. Brit. FI. p. 1G9. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 198. — Lightf. Fl.’Scot. v. i. p. 189. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 118. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p, 81. — Thomp. PI. of Berw! p. 37. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 35. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 184. — Kelli. FI. Cant. (3rd edit.) p. 148.— Hook. FI. Soot. p. 113.— Grev. FI. Edin. p. 83.— FI. Devon! pp. 64 & 139. — Julinst. FI. Berw. v. i. p. 83. —Winch’s FI. of Northumb. & Durh. p. 23. —Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 103.— Bab. FI. Bath. p. 43. ; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 85. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 34. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 124. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 32. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 45.— Baines’ FI. of Yorksli. p. 86. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 155.— Gull. PI. of Banb. p. 8. — Mack. Catal. PI. of Irel. p. 35. ; FI. Ilibern. p 222.— Lapathum obtusifolium, Moench. Meth. p. 256. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 37 1' La pat hum vulgare, folio obtuso, Kay’s Syn. p. HI.— Lapathum sylvestre, folio minus acuto, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 388. Fig. 1. A Flower.— Fig. 2. The same when the petals are enlarged, and enclose the ripe seed.— Fig. 3. A granulated Petal.— Fig. 4. A Seed.— Fig. 5. Ditto.— Figs. 3 and 5 magnified. * So named by the Romans from a sort of spear, the shape of which the leaves of several species of the genus nearly resemble. Witheiung. t See folio 33, note t. 4 Sec folio 311, a. Localities. — By way-sides, in waste places, and in pastures; too common. Perennial. — Flowers in July and August. Root tapering, running deeply and perpendicularly into the ground, simple or branched, of a dirty brown colour on the outside, yellowish within. Stems from 2 to 3 feet high, upright, branched, solid, round, deeply furrowed, leafy, roughish upwards. Leaves all petiolate, smooth, except on the under surface where the veins and also the petioles are rough ; radical ones very large, broad, and more or less heart-shaped at the base ; those of the stem nar- rower and acute, the uppermost spear-shaped, and tapering at both ends. Clusters elongated, of numerous, many-flowered whorls, which are near together, except a few of the lower ones, which are more distant and leafy. Enlarged Petals oblong, blunt, veiny, with about 3 teeth on each margin, one of them also bearing a brown or reddish tubercle, of a smaller proportion than in most species. Seed rather large, egg-shaped, acute, with 3 sharp angles. The broad, blunt radical leaves, and the oblongo-triangular form of the enlarged petals, will distinguish this from the other species. It is a most troublesome weed, being very tenaceous of growth by its roots, and producing a great increase of seed. It can be only conquered by stubbing up the root ; mowing is to little purpose. Swift seems to have been aware of this when he wrote the following lines : — My lore for gentle Dermot faster grows Than yon tall Dock, that rises to thy nose : Cut down the Dock, ’twill rise again ; but know Love rooted out, again will never glow. Dr. Withering observes, that Fallow Deer eat both this and Ruinex acutus with avidity, biting it close to the root, so that it is very rare to see a Dock growing in a deer park. Il has been remaiked, lhat the Dock is never found to prosper in bad or un- fertile soils. Dr. Keith, in his General View of the Agriculture of Aberdeen- shire, at p. 443, relates an Anecdote of a man who, some years ago, took a small faim in the division of Marr, Aberdeenshire. When the m in entered to it, at the usual time, viz. Whitsunday, he found lhat there was not a weed of the Dock kind on the faim. At Candlemas, or nine months after, he called on the proprietor, and apprized him that he should leave it. The Gentleman asked him, “ W hy he gave up a farm before he saw what crop he could raise on it?” He replied, “ Sir, there was not a Dockan” (the provincial name for Dock) *' on it at Whitsunday. I brought Dockans from different places, and have planted them, but they have not answered at all ; and L know that what will not grow Dockans cannot grow corn.” This self-taught botanist, observes Dr. Keith, was perfectly right; for the farm was really a had one. In the north of England Docks are sometimes boiled as food for pigs; and the broad leaves of this species were formerly much used for the wrapping up of butter, and hence the plant was called Butter-dock. — A parasitic tungus, AEcidium rubellum, Pers., one of the most beautiful of the genus, is occasion- ally found in perlection on the leaves of this, and 2 or 3 other species in the neighbourhood of the Cherwel) and the Isis, near Oxford. 1 have also found it, very fine, on Rumex ascetosa, on the south side of Shotover Hill. I Ins beautiful parasite is well represented in the late Mr. Puiuox’s excellent •' Mid- land Flora,” v. iii. t. 26. &LU:- Ru/ftllDtl fr'ubf'ljr WBaxtv; B dtanv. '2ar&*<(bfir&.UlLl • f jcyLrayt ■ V *' tfatJum. Sr. (455 ) SE'SELl * *. Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f , Digy'.via. Natural Order. Umbelli'fer.e Juss. Gen. PI. p. 218. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lindl. Syn. p. 111.; Inlrod. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 517. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p.235. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 113. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p.408. — Umbellat.e, Linn. — Rosales ; sect. Angelicin.e ; type, Angelicac.e ; subty. Angelicid.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 770, 773, & 774. Gen. Char. Flowers imperfectly separated, regular, the inner- most more or less abortive. Calyx (see figs. 2 & 5.) superior, of 5 spreading, ascending, spear-shaped, pointed, permanent teeth. Corolla (see fig. 1.) of 5 nearly equal, inversely heart-shaped petals with a broad indexed point (see fig. 3). Filaments (see fig. 1.) 5, thread-shaped, spreading, incurved, longer than the petals. Anthers roundish. Gerrnen (see fig. 2.) inferior, egg-shape'1, furrowed, downy, blunt. Styles (see fig. 2.) 2, in the Lower short, upright, each with a large, tumid, egg-shaped ba«e (see fig. 4.) ; subse- quently spreading as far as the calyx, or farther, finally refiexed, permanent (see fig. 5). Stigmas simple, bluntish. Floral Recep- tacle wanting. Fruit (see fig. 5.) oval or oblong, scarcely com- pressed, ribbed, clothed, more or less, with loosely spreading, shortish hairs, and ero.vned with the calyx and reflexed styles. Carpels with 5 prominent, corky ribs; the lateral of which form a margin, and are usually rather broader than the others. Interstices with a single vitta (see fig. 6). Seed almost half round. Universal Involucrum various ; partial one of many leaves. Flowers white. The calyx with 5 acute teeth ; the oval or oblong fruit, crowned with the reflexed styles; and the carpels with 5 prominent, corky ribs, with single r it tee in the interstices; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. SE'SELl LIBANO'TIS. Mountain Stone-parsley. Mountain Meadow-Saxifrage. Mountain Spignel. Spec. Char. Stem furrowed. Leaves bipinnate; leaflets deeply pinnatified, lower ones decussate ; segments spear-shaped. Fiuit egg-oblong, villous. Koeh. Umb. p. 111. — Liudt. Syn. p. 119. — Hook. Blit. FI. p. 121. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 299. — Athamanta libanotis, Linn. Sp. l’l. p. 351. ; FI. Suoc. (2nd ed 1 p. 87. — Engl. Bot. t. 138.— Jacq. FI. Austr. v. iv. p. 48. t. 392,. — FI. Dan. t. 754. — Huds. FI. Angl. (1st ed.) p. 100.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. n. p. 1400.— Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 304. ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 88. — With. 2nded. v. i. p. 283. ; ibid. 7th ed. v. ii. p. 372. — Spreng. Spec. Umb. p. 37. — Relit. FI. Cant. 1 st ed. p. 113, with a plate; ibid. 3rd ed. p. 115, with a plate. — Athamanta oreoselinum, Huds. FI. Fig- I- A Flower. — Fig. 2. Germen, Calyx, and Pistils. — Fig. 3. A Petal.— Fig. 4. Styles, showing their tumid bases. — Fig. 5. Fruit. — l’ig. (i. Transverse section of a Fruit.— All, more or less, magnified. * From scycelgos, the Arabic name of au umbelliferous plant, but to what plant it was given is now' unknown. Don. •f See fol. 48, note -f\ } See fol. 235, a. Angll (2nd ed.) p. 115. — With. (2nd ed.) v. i. p. 283. Not of Unneus. — Liba- notis vulgaris , D C. l’rod. v. iv. p. 150. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. & Bot. v. iii. p. 312. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 101. — Libanolis montana, Gray’s Nat. Air. p. 518. — Libanotis daucoides, Scop. FI. Cam. N°. 317. — Apium petreeum, sue montanum, album, Bauh. Hist. v. iii. pt. It. p. 105, with a figure. — Hay’s Syn. p. 218. — Daucus montanus, pimpinellce saxifrages hircincc folio, nostras, Dubriensis, Plu. Almag. p. 129.; I’hyt. t. 173. f. 1. Localities. — In chalky pastures; very rate. — Cambridgeshire ; Chalk-pit Close, Hinton ; in some old chalk-pits, on the right and left hand side of the road leading from Hinton towards the road to Gogmagog Hills, and on the balks. Not now found on Gogmagog Hills ; Reliian. — Cumberland; Keswick: Mr. Hutton, in B. G. Probably not found there now. as this locality is not noticed in Mr. Watson’s New Botanist’s Guide. — Hertfordshire ; Between St. Al- ban’s and Stoney-Stratford : Hudson. Perennial. — Flowers in July and August. Root tapering, somewhat woody, bearded at the top with the fibrous remains of the old leaf-stalks. Stem from 1 to 3 feet high, upright, firm, angular and deeply furrowed, solid, smooth, not much branched, leafy principally in the lower part. Radical Leaves stalked, twice or thrice pinnate ; leaflets opposite, deeply and sharply cut, smooth ; the lowermost crowded, and often cross- ing each other. Stem-leaves alternate, twice pinnate, with pinnatiftd leaflets. Petioles (leaf -stalks) somewhat compressed, channelled between the leaflets, dilated at the base with a membranous border. Umbels terminal, on long, upright, furrowed stalks, convex, of many stout, angular, downy general rays , and still more numerous partial ones. Universal as well as partial involucrums of many strap-spear-slvaped, taper-pointed, downy leaves. Flowers crowd- ed, white or reddish. Germen and Styles sometimes of a purplish colour. Fruit oblong egg-shaped, hairy. — The terminal umbel is sometimes proliferous, with the rays two inches long. This is one of the most rare of our native plants, having been found only in the few stations recorded above. In Sweden, Denmaik, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Carniola, and the South of France, it is mo:e frequent. The root Is bitterish and pungent. For the specimen from which the drawing for the accompanying plate was made, 1 am indebted to my kind friend Mr. E. Jenneii, of Lewes, Sussex ; a most excellent and indefatigable British Botanist. Oh ! were I spiritual as the wafting wind Which breathes its sighing music through the wood. Sports with the dancing leaves, and crisps the flood ; Then would I glide away from cares which hind Down unto haunts that taint the healthful mind. And I would sport with many a bloom and bud. Happiest, the farthest from the neighbourhood, And from the crimes and miseries of mankind. Then would I waft me to the cowslip’s bell ; And to the wild-rose should my voyage be : Unto the lily, vestal of the dell; Or daisy, the pet-child of poesy ; Or be, beside some mossy forest-well. Companion to the wood-anemone. It. IIoWITT. (456.) ZOSTE'RA * * Linnean Class and Order. MoNas'ciAf, Mona'ndria %. Natural Order. Fluvia'les §, V ent. — Lindl. Syn. p. ‘248. ; In- trod. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 289. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 541. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 204 — Naiades, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 18. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 66. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 423. — Najadeae, Rich, by Macgilliv. p.387. — Juncales ; sect. Nayadinac ; type, Naya- daceag ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 403 and 413. — Inundatag, Linn. Gen. Char. Flowers monoecious ; boih sterile and fertile ones arranged in two rows upon one side of a common spadix (see fig. 3). Spatha oblong, formed of the base of a leaf, splitting lengthwise. Sterile Flower (see fig. 3, a. & fig. 4). Calyx none. Corolla none. Jlntlier (see fig. 3, a. and figs. 4 & 5.) cylindrical, tapering at each end, sessile, of 1 cell. Pollen mixed with branched fibres (see fig. 5). Fertile Flower (see fig. 3, b. and fig. 6). Calyx none. Corolla none. Germen (see fig. 3, b. & fig. 6.) egg-shaped, com- pressed, 2-edged. Style (see fig. 3, b. & fig. 6.) 1, terminal, cylindrical, curved outwards. Stigmas 2, thread-shaped, pointed, curved. Fruit (see fig. 8.) a bladder-like drupe or utricle ), cylin- drical, pointed, somewhat juicy, 1-celled, without valves, 1-seeded. Seed (see fig. 9.) oval, striated. Embryo (see fig. 10.) central, cylindrical, curved. Radicle inferior, (that is, opposite to the scar of the seed). Distinguished from other genera in the same class and order, by the two kinds of flowers being inserted, in two rows, upon one side of a common spadix, and both destitute of calyx and corolla ; by the leaf-like spatha ; and by the sessile anther. One species British. ZOSTE'RA MARI'NA. Sea Grass-wrack. Common Grass- wrack. Spec. Char. Stem roundish. Leaves strap-shaped, entire, somewhat 3-nerved. Engl. Bot. t. 467. — Hook. FI. Loml. t. 35. — FI. Dan. t. 15. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1374. ; It. W. Goth. p. 166. t. 4.— Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed. ) p. 395.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. I. p. 179. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 7. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 5. — With. (7th edit.) v. iii. p. 668. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 37. — Lindl. Syn. p. 251. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 385. — Maer. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 224. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. l. p. 530. — Tliomp. PI. of Berw, p. 1. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 2. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 259. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 188. — Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. p. 414. — FI. Devon, pp. 146 and 113. — Jolinst. FI. of Berw. v. i. p. 2. — Winch’s FI. of Northumberl. andJAurh. p. 58. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sam. p. 101. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 85. — Cow. FI. Guide, ;p. 54. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 97. — Mack. Catal. PI. of Irel. p. 78. ; FI. Hibern. p. 26.7. — Alga, Ray’s Syn. pp. 52 & 53 ; the whole genus. Fig. 1. Plant of its usual size. — Fig. 2. Larger variety. — Fig. 3. Part of a Spadix, with the Flowers. — Fig. 4. A perfect Anther. — Fig. 5. One laid open to show the contents. — Fig. 6. Germen. — Fig. 7. Young Seed taken from it. — Fig. 8. Seed- vessel. — Fig. 9. Ripe Seed. — Fig. 10 — Embryo deprived of its covering. —All, ex- cept figs. 1 & 2, magnified. — From Sir J. W. Hooker’s beautiful plate in Flora Londinensis. * From zoster, Gr. a girdle, or ribbon ; which the leaves somewhat resemble, t See fol. 83, note t. % See fol. 49, note f. § Sec fol. 350, a. Localities. — On tlu* sea-shores, almost everywhere, and in adjacent salt-water ditches. Perennial. — Flowers through the Summer. Root fibrous. Stem from 2 to 3 feet long, floating under water, round, smooth, decumbent at the base, jointed, the joints throwing out roots, upper part upright, leafy. Leaves alternate, from 4 to 8 inches or more long, and 2 or 3 lines wide, strap-shaped, bright green, grass-like, floating, smooth, entire, blunt at the extremity, much sheathing at the base, and throughout the whole length more or less distinctly 3-nerved, the nerves connected by transverse veins. Flowers quite destitute of both calyx and corolla, and in- serted in 2 longitudinal lines on the superior surface of a long, strap-shaped, somewhat succulent, cellulose spadix, arising from a sheathing portion of a leaf, which thus forms the spatha. Pistils and Anthers alternate, generally 2 anthers, and then 1 pistil ; both egg-shaped, or oblong-egg-shaped (see fig. 3, a & b. and figs. 4, 5, and 6.), the germen tipped with a 2-parted, long, filiform style. Both are green. Anther bursting irregularly, and discharging an exceedingly minute pollen, mixed with pellucid, branched fibres. Fruit (fig. 8.) cylindrical, rather succose, smooth, green, at length between membranaceous and horny, when dry striated, often end- ing in a beak by means of a portion of the style and stigmas. See Hooker’s FI. Lond. Whole plant variable in size. The large variety, fig. 2. is found on the coast of Scotland, but never, 1 believe, in flower. Sir J. K. Smith says, “ Zostera is easiest undeistood, as a simple unilateral spike of naked flowers disposed in two ranks.” It is thrown on the shore by the tide, in great plenty, and mounds or walls aie built with it to oppose the encroachment of the sea. Exposure to the weather bleaches it white. Buildings are thatched with the green leaves, which will en- dure upwards of a century. It is used by the inhabitants of Gothland, in Sweden, as a manure, and also for stuffing beds ; and of late it has been imported in large quantities from the Continent, and is now prepaied in this country for stuffing mattresses, and for the other purposes to which horse-hair is in general applied. Jt is also used for packing glass-bottles, and other brittle ware. Pallas tells us, that in Russia it is found among Pottery in old tombs.— Horses and swine eat it ; cows are not fond of it. The following lines were suggested by the peculiar beauty and curious formation of this plant. “ More near to the orb of her ardent devotion, Zostera ascends from the deep coral cave, (Where no sun-beams enliven the gloom of the ocean,) To float in the splendour that lights up the wave. How sweetly she blooms on the calm swelling billow, While the sun’s parting glory illumines the west t And though fitful and wild is that treacherous pillow, Its rockings but waft to an haven of rest. So grant that our thoughts, on the wings of devotion. May rise from the depth of affliction to Thee ; O, Thou ! who canst silence the waves of the ocean, The dark rolling billows of life’s stormy sea 1 Then weep not, poor pilgrim, though startled from slumber. And vanish’d the dreams that once render’d thee blest ; Peace divine, a sure pilot, o’er waves without number, W'ill guide thy frail bark to an haven of rest.” (457.) MELA. M P Y'RU M * *. Linncan Class and Order. Didyna'mia f, Angiospei/mia +. Natural Order. Mf.lampyra'cEjE §, Richard. — Lindl. Syn. p. 1‘44. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 207. — Rhinanthacea^, Dec. Fl.Fr. v. iii. p. 454. — Lindl. Introduct. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 230. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Card, and Bot. v. iv. p.618. — Scrophula'rin.f, Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 434. — Loud. Llort. Brit. p. 528. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 4 i 4. — Pediculares, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 99. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 96. — Syringalks; subord. Primulosa: ; sect. JVIenthina. ; type, Scrophularia^cejE ; Burn. Outl.of Bot. v. ii. pp. 900, 958, and 978. — Personat.e, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 2.) inferior, of 1 sepal, tubular, per- manent ; the border in 4 deep, straight, unequal, rather long and narrow segments. Corolla (fig. 3.) of 1 petal, ringent, moderately gaping ; tube oblong, curved ; throat a little dilated, compressed ; upper lip vaulted, compressed, notched, with a narrow, reflexed border at each side ; lower lip 3-clefl. Filaments (see figs. 4 & 5.) 4, from the throat of the corolla, awl-shaped, shortish, incurved, meeting under the upper lip. Anthers converging, oblong, each of 2 oblong pointed lobes. Germen egg-shaped, pointed. Style thread-shaped, inclosed in the corolla. Stigma deflexed, blunt. Cap- sule (fig. 6.) oblong, oblique, 2-celled, 2-val ved, opening on one side. Cells 1-seeded. Seeds (fig. 10.) large, somewhat egg-shaped, attach- ed, by a short, thick, spongy stalk, to the base of the partitions. The tubular, 4-cleft calyx ; the corolla with the upper lip later- ally compressed, and turned back at the margin, and the lower 3-cleft; the oblong, oblique, compressed, capsule, of 2, 1-seeded, cells ; and the large seeds, gibbous at the base ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Four species British. MFLAMPY'RUM ARVENSE. Corn-field Cow-wheat. Purple Cow- wheat. Blue Cow- wheat. Poverty-weed. Spec. Char. Spikes conical, loose. Bracteas egg-shaped, pin- natifid, with setaceous segments. Calyx-teeth much longer than the lube. Corolla closed. Engl. Bot. t. 53. — Hook. FI. Lond. t. 63. — FI. Dan. t. 911 — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 842. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2ndcd.) p. 270. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. I. p. 198. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 652. ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 124. — With. (7th ed.) v. iii. p. 729. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 312. — Lindl. Syn. p. 195. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 284. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 174. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iv. p. 626. — Perry’s PI. Varvic. Sel. p. 51. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 260. — Melampyrum purpura- sceute comd, Bauh. Pin. p. 234. — Dill, in Ray’s Syn. p. *286. — Blackst. Sp. Bot. p. 51. — Melampyrum multis, sive Triticum vaccinum, Bauh. Hist. v. iii. pt. n. p. 439, with a figure. — M. ceeruleum, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 90. Fig. 1. A Braetea. — Fig. 2. Calyx. — Fig. 3. Corolla. — Fig. 4. Same opened. — Fig. 5. Stamens. — Fig. 6. Capsule. — Fig. 7. Section of ditto. — Fig. 8. Same with one of the valves removed.— Fig. 9. Capsule with valves opening. — Fig. 10. Seeds. — Fig. 4 & 5, magnified. * From melas, Gr. bleak ; and pyros, Gr. wheat ; from the seeds resembling grains of wheat. See fol. 31, note t. t See fol. 72, note J. j Differs from Scrophularinea in the capsule being 2, not many, seed. d. I.ocai.itii s — Tn corn-fields, and on dry gravelly banks ; rare. — Cheshire ; On a hill at Horsl. y Bath; near Beeston Castle ; Mr. Vernon, in Blackst. Sp. Bot. — Dorset; In Bere Field; observed for two years, bill afteiwards los' : Dr. Pi t TSNtY. — Gloucestersh. Corn -fields near Gloucester ; U.S. Winti.e, in N. B. G. — Hants ; I n corn-fields between Seephill and M. Lawrence, where, as well as on sleep banks, and even in woods, but particiilailv among corn, it grows in far loo gieat a degree of abundance, and is gradually encroaching on the whea'-fitlds all along the Undercliff from Niton even to Bonchuich, Isle of Wight: Dr. \V. A. Bkomfii i n.— Norfolk ; In the corn on the right hand just before you come to I.vcham: \lr J.Shi-raiid, in Bay’s Syn. In Wesenham corn-fields; Mr. Hii.l, in Black. Sp Bot — Once found ill Barton Bendish : Rev. R. Forbv- In the common field at Spm le, especially among w heal : Rev. J. S. Waits. At Costesey and Bixlev, near Norwich: Mr. Pitch ford. At Swardeston and Keswick, near Noiwich: Mr. Crow. — Warwicksh. Backing- ton: Countess of A vi esfor n. Annual. — Flowers in July. Root tapering, fibrous. Stem upright, from 6 inches to a foot or more high, bluntly 4-cornered, much branched, often purplish, clothed with very short, defiexed hairs, leafy. Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, spear-shaped, pointed, one or two of the upper pairs usually wiih several long, spear-shaped, pointed teeth, at the base; all rough wi;h very short, bristly hairs. Spikes conical, gradually lengthening out, many-flowered, firacleas (see fig. 1.) loosely spreading, deeply pec'inated or pinnatifid.; the upper ones entirely, and the lower ones partially, coloured of a delicate purplish rose- colour. Flowers large, about as long as the bracteas. Segments of the calyx very long and slender, sharp-pointed, coloured like the bracleas, and rough with short blunt hairs. Corolla (fig. 3.) a little longer than the segments of the calyx, rough with short hairs ; tube dilated at the base and throat, narrow and curved in the middle; lips closed, upper one very obtuse, and beautifully fringed at the margin ; lower ones nearly flat, channelled on the upper side, with a prominent rib on the lower, very slightly 3-cleft; varigated with yellow, rose-colour, and purple. Filaments 4, fringed with hairs. Anthers incumbent, combined. Gennen egg-shaped. Style slender, longer than the stamens, curved at the summit. Stiyma small, blunt. Seeds large, resembling grains of wheat, 2 in each cell, though often by abortion only one. It is a beautiful plant, and would be an ornament to the flower-garden, was it not— like other species of the genus — very shy of cultivation. It is a bad weed to the faimer, especially when it abounds among wheat. Dr. Bromfifi.d in- forms me, that “ the value of the wheat on certain farms, in land behind St. Lawrance,” in the Isle of Wicht, “ is greatly lowered fiom the admixture of the seeds, which cannot be sepaiated from i lie grain by winnowing, the specific gravity of both being nearly the same ; these seeds impart a bluish colour to the flour, and give it, when made into bread, a hot and unpleasant flavour, which must be any thing but w holesome to those w ho make use of it. The plant is well known in the neighbomhood as the Poierty-weed, and various traditions are afloat as to the manner of its introduction to this island, which however is not of very recent date, the species having existed in some of its present stations for at least 40 years, and is by some supposed to have come over from Jersey, where, however, it is not known at present as indigenous, or even naturalized. Others conjecture that it may have been impoited fiom Spain, but these suppositions are entirely gratuitous, appearing to have no foundation tn fact. The probability is, we are indebted for this unwelcome, though splendid addition to our flora, [of the Isle of Wight] to an impoilation of seed-w heal from Norfolk, or some other maritime county, where, as in this island, it infests only such corn lands as lie over chalk, or contain a large proportion of calcareous earth.” Cows and goats are said to eat this plant; sheep to refuse it. For the specimen figuted, as well as for the above interesting information, T am indebted to the kindness of Dr. \V. A. Bromfii i.it, of ltyde, in the Isle of Wight, w ho is now preparing a Flora of that Island. (458.) BHA-'SSICA * * Linnean Class and Order. TETRADYNA'.MiAf, Siliquo'sa*. Natural Order. Cruci'fer.e§, Juss. Gen. PI. p.237. — Sm- Gram, of Bot. p. 138. ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 153. — Rich, by Macgilliv- p. 498. — Crucifkr.f : subord. Orthoplo'ceveH ; tribe, Brassi. ckj., Lindl. Syn. pp. 20 & 32 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 1 1 to 18. — Loud. Hort Brit, pp. 498 & 499- ; Mag. Nat. Hist. v. i pp. 143 & 240. — Don’s Gen. Svst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. pp. 146 and 150 — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 16&27. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) pp. 397 & 398. — Rosales; subord. Rhceados.e; sect. Rh,ea- din.e; type, Brassicace.e ; subtype, Raphanid.-e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 784, 847, 853, & 860. — Siliquos.e, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (see figs. 1 & 2.) inferior, equally protu- berant at the base, of 4 oblong, concave sepals, converging in their lower part, spreading in the upper, deciduous. Corolla (see fig. 2.) of 4 inversely egg-shaped, spreading, undivided petals, with up- right, channelled claws (see fig. 3). Filaments (see figs. 1 & 4.) 6, 2 shorter than the other 4, awl-shaped, simple, upright. Anthers oblong, nearly upright, a little recurved. Glands (see fig. 4.) 4 ; 2 at the inside of the shorter filaments, 2 at the outside of the longer. Germen (see fig. 5.) cylindrical, the lengih of the longest stamens. Style tapering, making a beak to the pod. Stigma ca- pitate, entire. Pod (see fig. 6.) nearly cylindrical, beaked, of 2 concave valves, and 2 longitudinal cells, besides one in the beak, wh’di is often barren (see fig. 7). Seeds (see figs. 7 & 8.) in a single row, nearly globular, with one or more occasionally in the beak. Cotyledons (see figs. 9 & 10.) folded together, incumbent, their double edges meeting the radicle (o > > ). The closed calyx ; the nearly cylindrical, 2-valved pod, crowned with a barren, or single-seeded, beak ; and the globose seeds in a single row; will distinguish this from other genera, with folded, in- cumbent cotyledons, in the same class and order. Six species British. See Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 256. BRA'SSICA RAPA. Common Turnip. Rape. Knolles. Spec. Char. Root stem-like, fleshy, orbicular, depressed. Root- leaves lyrate, rough with bristly hairs ; those of the stem smooth ; the uppermost entire. Engl. Bot. t. 2176.— Mart. FI. Rust. t. 49 & 50.— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 931.— Huds- FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 286 — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. I. p. 548.— Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 719. ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 217. — With. (7th ed.) v. iii. p. 783. — Lindl. Syn. p. 32. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 308. — Dec. Prod. v. i. p. 214. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. p. 242. — Maer. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 21. — Bryant’s FI. Diffitetica, pp. 26 Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Fig. 3. A separate Petal. — Fig. 4. Stamens and Pistil. — Fig. 5. Germen. — Fig. 6. Pod. — Fig. 7. Same with the valves sepa- rated.— Fig. 8. Seed. — Fig. 9. The folded incumbent Cotyledons. — Fig. 10. Trans- verse section of the same. — Figs. 9 & 10, magnified. * From the Celtic Bresic, a cabbage, according to Theis. Dr. Withering says it is probably derived fiom brusso, Gr. to boil ; it being commonly so pre- paied as an esculent vegetable. -f- See fol. 38, n. t. J See fol. 62, n. J. ? See fol. 38, a. || See fol. 336, n. ||. and 84. — Loud. Encyclop. of Gavd. (new ed. 1835.) p. 833. paragr. 4099. — Lilith. FI. Oxon. p. 203. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 145. — Davies’ Welsh But. 05.— Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 315. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 272. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 203. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 146. — FI. Devon, pp. 113 & 190. — Johnst. FI. Bevw. v. i. p 147. — Winch’s FI. of Nurthumb and Durli. p. 45.— Baxter's Lib. of Agricul. and Hort. Knowl. (2nd ed.) p. 589 — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 194. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 40. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sara. p. 8 — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 165. —Cow. FI. Guide, p. 24. — Baines’ FI. Yorksh. p. 14. — Beesley’s Hist, of Banb. p. 576.- — Mack. Catal. of PI. of Irel. p. 62. ; FI. Hibern. p. 28 . — Brassica sphcerorhiza, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. i. p. 683. — Rapa sativa rotunda, Bauh. Pin. p. 89 — Ray’s Syn. p. 294. — Rapum majus, Johns. Gerarde, p. 232.— Round Turnep. Petiv. H. Brit. t. 45. f. 8. Localities. — In cultivated fields and their borders, and in waste places ; scarcely wild. Biennial. — Flowers in April. Root orbicular (see fig. 11.) mostly depressed, in one variety oblong, always succulent, white, or tinged with purple, varying greatly in size, according to the soil in which it grows ; tapering and fibrous at the base. Stem from 1 to 3 feet high, upright, branched, leafy, cylindrical, smooth. Root-leaves abundant the first season, withering as the stem arises, petiolate, spreading, large, lyrate, jagged, deep green, not glaucous, veiny, rough with small sharp bristly hairs ; the terminal lobe large, roundish; all widely toothed. Stem-leaves, lower ones more simple, smoother, clasping at the base ; upper ones small, quite entire, glaucous, smooth. Flowers yellow , numerous, in loose, corymbose tufs. Calyx spread- ing considerably in the upper part, though not at the base. Petals roundish, inversely egg-shaped, with upright, channelled claws. Pod (siliquce) nearly upright, cylindical, veiny, smooth, with a tapering barren beak (see fig. 6). Seeds globose, of a reddish- brown colour. Bryant obseives, in his Flora Dicetetica, p 26, that “ no plant exhibits a more striking instance of the benefits of cultivation than this, for in its wild state it is woitli little to roan or beast ; but under the management of the husbandman it not only affords food for the human species, but becomes a most advantageous crop to the cultivator, by furnishing the principal winter food for his cattle.’’ — Before the introduction ot potatoes, turnips (in a cultivated state) were of great consequence to the poor of this island. In Wales, a few years since, they formed a considerable portion of the food of the lower classes ; and the use of the root, boiled and mashed as a dish, in broths, soups, and stews, or entire, is familiar over all Europe. The juice of the root, well fermented, affords by distillation an aident spirit, and may be made into an infetior sort of cyder. The rind is actimoneous. This root is also much used in decorating tongues, hams, stewed beef, Ac., being cut into roses, and other devices. The top shoots from such as have stood the winter, are gathered whilst tender, and dressed as spring greens or spinach, and are called Turnip-tops. I he seed is also sometimes sown as small salading. But the greatest use of Turnips is in feeding oxen, and more especially sheep, in winter. Turnips were used by the ancients to recover frozen or benumbed feet, being fits! boiled in water, and then applied as a fomentation. '1 he root, pounded in a mortar with salt, was also esteemed a remedy for all diseases of the feet, such as corns, swellings from cold, &c. Guii.i.im says Turnips were used in armorial bearings, to represent a person of good disposition, who relieved the poor. For an account of the most approved methods of cultivating this very useful vegetable, both in the garden and in the field, see Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gat'd, and Rot. ; Loudon’s Encycl. of Gard. ; Mautyn’s Mill. Gard. Diet. ; and Baxter’s Lib. of Agricul. and Horticul. Knowledge. Ru/i-ellDt! s/zinw t t/sJ. ' rt. Brit. p. 501 . — Don's Gpn. Syst. of Gard. & Bot. v. i. p. 379. — Mack. FI. Hib. p. 40. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 400. — Rosales ; subord. Rhceados.e; sect. Dianthin.e ; type, Dianthace^e ; Bum. Outl. of Bot. pp. 614, 784, 805, & 807. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, of 4 elliptic-spear-shaped, concave, equal, converging, pointed, membranous-eds(ed, permanent sepals. Corolla (fig. 2.) of 4, spear-shaped, undivided, entire, up- right petals, shorter than the calyx, withering. Filaments (see figs. 2 & 3.) 4, thread-shaped, ascending, shorter than the petals. Anthers (see fig. 3.) of 2 roundish lobes. Germen (see figs. 2 & 4.) superior, egg-shaped. Styles (see fig. 4.) 4, terminal, very short, spreading. Stigmas (see fig. 4.) blunt, downv. Capsule (see fig. 5.) membranous, the length of the calyx, cylindrical, slightly egg- shaped, of 1 cell, and 1 valve, opening at the summit with 8, occa- sionally H), equal, shallow, pointed teeth. Seeds (figs. 6 & 7.) numerous, kidney-shaped, rough, attached, ea ch on its own stalk to a central cylindrical receptacle, half the length of the capsule. The calyx of 4 sepals ; the corolla of 4 petals ; and the 1 -celled, 1-valved, mam-seeded capsule, opening at its summit with 8 or 10 teeth ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Differs from Sagina (t. 199.) in the capsule being 1-valved, not 4-valved. One species British. MOENCHIA ERECTA. Upright Moenchia. Upright Pearlwort. Least Stitch wort. Spec. Char. Herb glaucous. Stems upright, smooth. Leaves spear-shaped, acute. Peduncles solitary, long, 1-flowered. Sm. Engl. Ft. v. i. p. 241. — With. (7th edit.) v. ii. p. 262.— Hook. Brit. FI. p. 78. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. p. 420. — Rev. G. E. Smith’s PI. of S. Kent, p. 12. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 46. — Winch’s FI. of Northumberl. and Durham, p. 11. — Bab. FI. Bath p. 8. ; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 15. — Pampl. PI. of Batter- sea, p. 4. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 170. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 15. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. P- 79. — Moenchia gluuca, Pers. Syn. PI. v. i. p. 153. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 661. — Lindl. Syn. p. 49. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 60. — FI. Devon, pp. 32 and 183.. — Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Fig. 3. A separate Stamen. — Fig 4. Germen and Stigmas. — Fig. 5. Capsule, with the permanent Calyx. — Figs. 6 it 7. Seed. — All, except fig. 6, magnified. * So named, by Ehrhart, in honour of Dr. Conrad Mosnch, Professor of Botany and Chemistry at Marburgh, and author of “ Enumeratio plautarum imli- genarum Hassiae;” and several other Botanical works, between 1777 and 1802. He was born at Cassel, August 15th, 1744 ; and died at Marburgh, in the Electorate of Hesse, January 6th, 1805. See fol. 46, note f. i See fol. 152, a. Mcenchia Quaternella, Ehrh. Phyt. p. 82. — Sagina e recta, Engl. Bot. t. 609. — Curt. FI. Loud. t. 136. — Limit. Sp. PI. p. 185. — Hulls. FI. Angl. (2nded.) p. 73. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. i. p. 719. — Sin. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 200. — Maer. Man. Brit. But. p. 31.— Dec. Prod. v. i. p. 389. — Liglitf. FI. Snot. v. i. p. 125. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 67. — Abbot's FI. Beilf. p. 40. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 19. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 103. ; and v. iii. p. 340. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd edit.) p. 71. — Perry’s PI. Varvic. Sel. p. 14. — Alsinella foliis curyophylleis, Kay’s Syn. p. 344. t. 15. f. 4. — Alsine verna glabra, Vaill. Far. p. 6. t. 3. f. 2. l.ocAi mts. — In pastures on a gravelly soil, on heathy ground, anil on old walls. — Oxfordshire ; Sholover Hill; South Leigh Heath; and I'.nsham Heath. — Beds. (Jlophill, and Ampthill Warrens — Cambridgeshire ; Gamlingay, near the wind-mills; and on the heath — Cheshire ; Sandy ground in the West of Cheshire, about Ralston , ike. — Devon; West Down near Exmouth; Haldon ; heaths, and dry hedges, in the neighbourhood of Mnreton and North Bovey ; Lympstone. — Durham; In gravel-pits on lluiham Moor; and on limestone hills near Sunderland. — Essex; Biptree Heath ; and Kpping Forest. — Hants; Shore at Portsmouth ; abundant on sandy commons. — Kent; On Blackheath ; and upon sandy ground F.ast of the Castle at Sandgate. — Leicestershire ; Banks of Grooby Pool, near the mill. Reservoir, Charnwood forest; also near the new Church. — Middlesex ; Old walls in the King’s Road, Chelsea. — Norfolk; Stanhoe; S. Denes. — Notts ; Abundant in the neighbourhood of Nottingham. — Shropshire; Idawkestone; and near Oswestry. — Somersetshire ; By the road- side at Hinton. — Staffordshire ; Litchfield Race-ground. — Suffolk; Bungay. — Surrey; Abundant on sandy commons; on Wimbledon Common; Wands- worth Common; Olapham Common; Battersea Fields; Baines Common; about Moulsey; and on Reigate Heath — Sussex ; Ashdown Forest. — Warwick- shire ; Coleshill Heath; Corby Moor, and other like places. — Worcestershire ; On the Malvern Hills, as high as 800 feet ; N. Hill, Malvern. — Yorkshire ; Near Rotherham. — WALES. Anglesea ; Near Beaumaris, thinly scattered; on tucks sparingly covered with earth in Llandegfan ; and on a common called Rhos cefn hir, Pentraeth. — Caernarvonshire ; Banks and hilly pastures about Bangor. — Montgomeryshire ; Foot, 'and top of Breiddon Hill, near Rodney’s Pillar (1109 feet). — SCOTLAND. In pastures, on a gravelly soil. — Not in the Flora of IRELAND. For authorities, see W atson’s New Botanist's Guide, and the Floras of the respective counties. Annual. — Flowers in April and May. Root small, fibrous. Stems usually several, from 2 to 4 inches bio-h, upright, or slightly reclining at the base, round, smooth, leafy. Leaves opposite, sessile, strap-spear-shaped, acute, entire, rigid, single-ribbed, glaucous. Flowers upright, solitary, on long termi- nal peduncles. Sepals (see fig. 1.) large, elliptic-spear-shaped, pointed, upright, converging, white and membranous at the edges, permanent. Petals (see fig. 2.) white, spear-shaped, entire, about as lung as the sepals, withering. Capsule (see fig. 5.) of a light shining brown. Seeds (see figs. 7 & 8.) numerous, of an orange- brown colour, minutely tuberculated. Whole plant of a somewhat glaucous colour, and quite smooth. In dry ground the stem is often simple ; but if the situation where it grows be moist, it throws out many stems, which at first recline on the ground, but afterwards become upright. The calyx never opens far, so that the corolla is not suffered fully to expand. c / ynCKuvm luvrtv. ■ MwriJvch O 7 >'. '■ St Puhf&r WBcutUr.Bitame Gwlev.OiftiriMlIA. (461.) XA'NTHIUJVl* Linnean Class and Order- Monos'cia f, Penta'ndria +. Natural Order- Compo'sitai§ ; tribe, Corymbi'fer.eH, Juss* — Lindl. Syn. pp. 140 & 142.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 197 & 199. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 142. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 410. — Compo'sita; ; subord. Ambrosia'ce^e, Loud. Hort. Brit, pp. 520 & 522. — Corymbi'fer.f, sect. 9. Juss. Gen, PL pp. 177 and 191. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. pp. 121, 122& 124. — Syringales; suborder, Asteros.e; sect. Asterina:; subsect. Asterian.e ; type, Asteraceas ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 900, 901, 920, 924, & 926. — Compo'sit/E, l Nucamentacea:, Linn. Gen. Char. Sterile Flower (fig. a.) compound. Involucrum f common calyx J of many, thin, imbricated, equal scales, on a level with the numerous florets. Corolla compound, hemispherical, uni- form ; florets (see fig. 1 .) monopetalous, tubular, funnel-shaped, upright, in 5 equal, marginal segments. Filaments 5 in each floret, converging in the form of a cylinder. Anthers upright, distinct, parallel. Common Receptacle scarcely any ; the florets sepa- rated by scales. — Fertile Flowers (fig. b.) below the sterile ones. Involucrum ( common calyx J (see fig. 3.) single, prickly, with 2 beaks, entirely enclosing 2 flowers. Calyx none. Corolla none. Germen oval, clothed with the prickly involucrum. Styles 2 pair, hair-like. Stigmas undivided, protruded from small apertures within the beaks of the involucrum. Fruit (see fig. 2.) 1-seeded, included in the enlarged and hardened involucrum (figs. 3 & 4). The sterile flower with a many-leaved, and many-flowered invo- lucrum, all tubulur florets , and a chaffy receptacle ; and the fertile flower with a single, prickly, 2-flowered involucrum, which enlarges after flowering, and encloses the fruit; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. XA'NTHIUM STRUMA'RIUM. Lesser Burdock^. Broad- leaved Bur-weed. Burdock Clotweed. Ditch-burr. Louse-burr. Spec. Char. Stem unarmed. Leaves heart-shaped ; 3-ribbed at the base. Beaks of the fruit straight, the prickles hooked. Engl. Bot. t. 2544. — FI. Dan. t. 970. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1400. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 418.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. I. p. 373.— Sm. FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 1017. ; Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 136. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p.360. — Lindl. Syn. p. 151. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 403. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 125. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and n. A Sterile Flower.— b. A Fertile Flower. — Fig. 1. A Sterile Floret. — Fig. 3. Involucrum of a Fertile Flower, containing 2 fruits. — Fig. 4. Transverse section of the same. — Fig. 2. A Fruit. — Figs. 5 and 6. Seeds. — Fig. 7. The Embryo. — Fig. 8. The same with the cotyledons separated. — Fig. 9. One of the Cotyledons removed, showing the plumule. From Xanthos, Gr. yellow, or fair ; because an infusion of it was supposed to improve the colour of the hair ; or, from the plant yielding a dye of that colour. ■f See fol. 83, n. +. } See fol. 48, n. t. | See fol. 27, a. || See fol. 26, a. It From its resemblance in habit, foliage, and inflorescence, to the Arctium Lappa, or common Burdock, t, 333. Du vb. p. 61. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 155. — Mack. FI. Ilibern. p. 153. — Xanthium inerme, Gray’s Nat. Air. v. ii. p. 255. — Xanthium seu Lappa minor, Ray’s Syn. p. 140 — Bauli. Hist. v. iii. pt. it. p.572, with a figure. — Kardana minor, Johns. Gcrarde, p. 809 . — Bardana minor seu Xanthium, Merr. Pin. p. 14. - Small Burdock, Fetiv. H. Brit. t. 1. f. 12. Locai.itiis. — In ricli moist ground, or about dunghills; very rare. — Dorset ; “ 1 found one plant only by the river side, on a dunghill, at VVareham, on the right hand of the bridge, in the way to Stowborrow:” Pultf.ney, in B. G. — Durham ; On Jarrow, and Soulli Shields, and Sunderland Ballast-hills: N. J. Winch, Esq. — Hants ; “ L found it onre in the road from Portsmouth to London, some three miles from Portsmouth Hay. Mr. Woods has sought for it here in vain : B.G. — Kent ; In the road at Dulwich, a little on this side the College, just by the style going the foot-way from thence to London: T. Wil- i IS! l and Mr . N ewton , in Ray’s Syn. Mr. Woods sought for it here in vain : G. — Middlesex ; Near London, by the foot- way to the New River; and at Staines: Martvn. Mr. Woods could not find it here.— Northumberland ; On Byker and Willington Ballast-hills: N. J. Winch, Esq. — Surrey ; In a bog beyond Peckham: M mu Err. By the Canal Bridge, Peekham, asingle plant: Air. ILC. Watson, in N. B.G. — IRELAND. Said to have been found near Listowel, county of Kerry: Mr. J. T. Maokay. Annual. — Flowers in August and September. Root fibrous. Stem solitary, upright, from one to two feet high, branched, leafy, furrowed, solid, downy. Leaves alternate, on long petioles, heart-shaped, lobed, cut, and doubly serrated ; nearly four inches long, and two or three inches wide ; with three princi- pal nerves at the base, minutely downy all over ; dark green on the upper surface, paler underneath. Racemes axillary, leafy, few- flowered. Sterile Flowers one or two on each raceme ; anthers separate, not united as in the class Syngenesia. Fertile Flowers four or five on each raceme, immediately beneath the sterile ones : all green. Involucrum of the fertile flowers (see fig. 3.) oblong, coriaceous, prickly, divided by a longitudinal partition (see fig. 4.), ending at top in two beaks, which at first are straight, but after- wards curved inwards and hooked, gaping in the inner side by a longitudinal cleft, but not splitting. Fruit (see fig. 2.) 1-seeded, dark brown, enclosed in the enlarged and hardened involucrum. Seeds (figs. 5 & 6.) oblong, attenuated at each end, striated, con- vex on one side, flat on the other. This is “ a rank, weed-like plant,” very rarely to be met with in a wild state in England; most of the localities given above being doubtful ones. It is, however, said to be more common in some other parts of Europe ; and also in Africa about Alg iers ; and in China and Cochincliitia, in fields and hedges. The leaves are bitter and astringent, and were formerly in repute for the cure of scrophulous disorders, to which the specific name alludes. A decoction of the whole plant affords a showy yellow colour ; but it is better if only the flowers are used. Horses and goats eat it ; cows, sheep, and swine refuse it. The seeds are said to be the favourite food of the Carolina Parrot, or Paraquet. The drawing for the accompanying plate w'as made from a well preserved speci- men in the Sherardian Herbarium. The sections are from English Botany, and from G/Ertner’s De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum, t. 164. f. 9. . (402.) PAN I CUM * *. Linnean Class and Order. TmA'NDRiAf, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Grami'ne.e, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 28. — Sm.Gram. of Hot. p. 68. ; Engl, FI. v. i. p. 71. — Lind!. Syn. p. 293. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 292. — Loud. Hort. Brit, p.542. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 294. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 426. — Gramina, Linn. — Rich, by Macgill. p.393. — Graminales ; sect. Panicin.e; type, Miliace.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 359 & 366. Gen. Char. Panicle spiked; spikes compound. Calyx (see figs. 2 & 3.) 2-flowered, of 2 unequal glumes, the outer glume minute, (see fig. 1.) sometimes obsolete ; the inner much larger, concave, mucronate or awned (see figs. 2 & 3). Florets dissimilar ; outer with anthers only, or neuter, (see fig. 4), with 1 or 2 paleae, outer palea with the texture of the calyx, ribbed, more or less awned ; inner floret perfect, of 2 paleae, cartilagenous, enveloping and somewhat adhering to the fruit. Filaments (see fig. 5.) 3, hair-like, as long as the corolla. Anthers short, cloven at each end. Germen (see fig. 5.) egg-shaped. Styles (see fig. 5.) 2, distinct, awl-shaped, as long as the stamens. Stigmas feathery, tufted, short. Seed (see figs. 9 & 10.) somewhat egg-shaped, battened on one side, coated with the hardened corolla (see figs. 6, 7, and 8). The compound spike-like 'panicle, without bristly involucrums ; the calyx of 2 unequal glumes, containing 2 florets, one of which is neuter, or has anthers only ; and the other perfect, of 2 cartila- ginous paleae (valves) which envelope, and somewhat adhere to, the fruit ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. The absence of the bristly involucrum at the base of the spikelets will distinguish this genus from that of Setaria, (see t. 211. f. 2). One species British. PA'NICUM CRUS-GALLI. Cock’s-foot Panick-grass. Loose Panick-grass, Spec. Char. Spikes alternate, secund, divided or simple. Florets imbricated, the calyx, and outer valve of the corolla of the neuter floret hispid, awned, or mucronated ; inner valve (palea) of the perfect floret with a hispid mucro. Rachis hispid. Hooker. Engl. Bot. t. 876. — Curt. FI. Lonil. t, . — Knapp's Gram. Brit. t. 11. — Graves' Brit. Grasses, t. 12.— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 83. — lluds. FI Angl. (2nd ed. ) p. 24. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. i. p. 337. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 65. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 99. — With. (7th ed. ) v. li. p. 144. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 39. — Schred. Germ. v. i, p. 243. — Leers' FI. Ileibor. p. 13. t. 2. f. 3. — Irv. Lund. FI. p. 96. — Pam pi. PI. of Battersea, p. 4. — Panicum sylvestre herbariorum , Park. Theatr. p. 1154, with a figure. — Panicum sylvestre , Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 85, with a figure. — Echinochloe Crus - Fig. 1. Small outer Glume of the Calyx. — Figs. 2 & 3. Larger Glume of the Calyx, accompanied by the Florets. — Fig. 4. A neuter Floret. — Fig. 5. Stamens and Pistils of a perfect Floiet. — Figs. 6, 7, and 8. Seed, inclosed in the hardened valves of the Corolla. — Figs. 9 & 10. The Seed removed from its covering. * From panis, bread ; the seeds of some species being used for bread, f See folio 45, note *f\ galli, Roemer. Syst. Veg. v. ii. p. 478. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 157. — Lindt. Syn. p. 305. — Oplismenus Crus-galli, Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 261. — Gramen paniceum, spicA divisd, Bauh. Pin. p. 8.; Theatr. p. 136, with a figure. — - Scheuchi. Agros. p. 49. — Ray’s Syn. p. 394. — Moris, v. iii. p. 189. n. 15. sect. 8. t. 4. f. 15. ; also n. 16. f. 16. Localities. — In moist arable land; very rare. — Essex; In a coppice near Purfleet: Dr. Miln. — Hants ; By a rivulet side near Petersfield : Mr. Goodyer, in Merr. Pin. p. 56. — Kent ; Thomas Willisell found it in Mr. Blesset’s garden between Deptford and Greenwich : Ray (1690). — Middlesex ; In a lane by the Neat-house Gardens, Chelsea ; Ray's Syn. (3rd ed.) p. 394. — Surrey ; In moist places about Battersea and Putney : Kev. J, Ligiitfoot. — Battersea Fields, in abundance ; 1831: Mr. W. Pamplin, jun. About Martha’s Chapel near Guildford: Hudson. Annual. — Flowers in July. Root fibrous. Culms ( stems J several, at first procumbent, finally almost upright, from 1 to 2 feet high, stout, leafy, jointed, smooth, with some tufts of radical leaves, and a few short, more spreading, stems, at their base. Leaves harsh, pointed, neither warty nor hairy, rough at the margins. Stipulas none. Sheaths large, com- pressed, striated, smooth. Panicle upright, rigid, composed of many unilateral, spike-like branches, of which the lower ones are rather distant, the upper crowded ; all with tufts of fine smooth bristles, originating in tubercles, at their base. Larger glume of the calyx (see figs. 2 and 3.) egg-shaped, concave, ribbed, bristly, pointed, or slightly awned ; smaller glume (see fig. 1.) cup-shaped, embracing the whole base of the flower. Perfect floret of 2, egg- shaped, awnless valves (paleae), very smooth and even, finally horny, coating the seed ; the larger concave, obscurely ribbed ; the inner smaller, flatli'h. Neuter floret of 2 very dissimilar valves (paleae) ; the outermost resembling the outer glume of the calyx, concave, libbed, bristly, indexed at the edges, and terminating in a rough, straight awn, generally short, as in the specimen figured, but sometimes very long, as in Leers’ fig. 3, in t. 2., and Mori- son’s fig. 16. ; the innermost rather smaller, thinner, flat, notched at the tip (see fig. 4). Stamens and Pistils (see fig. 5.) in the per- fect flowers only, about as long as the corolla. Filaments hair- like. Anthers cloven at each end, purplish. Germen (see fig. 5.) roundish. Styles very short. Stigmas feathered, and purplish. Seed rather large, shining, coated with the valves of the corolla, round on one side, and flat on the other, figs. 6, 7, 8. Figs. 9 and 10, represent the seed when taken from its covering. See Sm. Engl. FL ; Curt. FI. Lond., Sfc. Panicum Crus-galli is a native of Virginia, the Cape of Good Hope, and several parts of Europe, as Sweden, Germany, Switzer- land, the South of France, and England. It produces abundance of rather large seeds, which are acceptable to small birds. Though not hitherto cultivated, Salisbury says it possesses qualities which render it worth attention. It stands dry weather better than most other grasses, will attain the height of four feet, and is not dis- agreeable to cattle. ( I i /. n f Pub? by WBwtrBcfanv.GiV'dcnOrfin'cLlSll Matkcrvs, UeL. ST £c (463.) AZALEA.* *. Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Eri'ce.e +, Brown's Prod. p. 557. — Lindl. Syn. p. 172 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 182. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 523. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 179. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 411. — F.rica'ce/e; subtribe, Androme'dea;, Don’s Gen. Syst. of Card, and Bot. v. iii. pp. 785 and 787. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit, pp. 1076 & 1077. — Ericine.e, Rich, by Maceilliv. p. 450. — Rho- dodendra, Juss.Gen. PI. p. 158. — Sm. Gr. of Bot. p. 114. — Syrin- gales; subord. Ericos.e ; sect. Ericina: ; type, Ericaceae ; subtype, Ericida: ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 900, 937,944,946, and 948. — Bicornes, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (see fig. 1.) inferior, of 1 sepal, in 5 deep, acute, upright segments, coloured, permanent. Corolla of 1 petal, shortly bell-shaped, regular, 5-cleft (see fig. 2). Filaments (figs. 3 and 4.) 5, thread-shaped, unconnected, inserted into the receptacle. Anthers (see fig. 4.) roundish, bursting longitudinally. Germen (see fig. 5.) globular, with 2 or 3 longitudinal furrows. Style (see fig. 5.) cylindrical, upright, the length of the germen, permanent. Stigma capitate, umbilicated. Capsule (see figs. 6 to 9.) roundish, with 2 or 3 furrows, 2 or 3 cells, and 2 or 3 cloven-pointed valves, whose indexed edges form the double partitions (dissepiments). Seeds (see figs. 10 to 13.) numerous, roundish, dotted, attached to a central, at length free, receptacle (placenta). The inferior, 5-parted, coloured calyx ; the monopetalous, shortly bell-shaped, regular corolla; the straight stamens, inserted into the receptacle ; and the 2- or 3-celled, 2- or 3-valved, many-seeded capsule, with the dissepiments formed by the indexed edges of the bifid valves; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. AZA'LEA PROCU'MBENS. Trailing Azalea. Trailing Rose- bay. Thyme-leaved Dwarf Cistus. Spec. Char. Branches spreading wide and trailing. Leaves opposite, revolute, very smooth. Engl. Bot. t. 865.— Ft. Dan. t. 9.— Lodd. Bot. Cal), t. 762. — Linn. Sp. FI. p. 215; FI. Lapp. (2nd ed. ) p. 60. t. 6. f. 2. — Iluds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed. ) p. 88. — Willd. Sp. FI. v. i. pt. II. p. 832. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 231. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 282. — With. (7th ed. ) v. ii p. 298. — Lindl. Syn. p. 172. — llook. Brit. FI. p. 97. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 152.— Don. Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 851. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit. v. ii. p. 1154. f. 964.— Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 139.— Hook. FI. Scot. p. 73. — Murr. Northern FI. p. 130. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 230.— Azalea ramis Fig. 1. A single Pedicel, with the Bracteas, Calyx, and Pistil. — Fig. 2. Corolla opened vertically.— Figs. 3 & 4. A Stamen. — Fig. 5. Calyx and Germen. — Figs. 6 and 7. Capsules. — Fig. 8. Vertical section of a Capsule. — Fig. 9. Transverse sec- tion of ditto. — Figs. 10, 11, 12, & 13. Seeds. — All, except fig. 10, more or less magnified. — Figs. 8 to 13 from Gauitn eit. * From azaleos, Gr. dry, or acrid ; in reference to the habitation of the plant, •f See folio 48, note f. f See folio 449, a. dijffitsis procumbentibus, Linn. FI. Lapp. (1st ed.) p. 58. t. 6. f. 2. — Chamcecis- tus serpylltfulius, Johnson’s Gcrarde, p. 1284, with a figure. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 401. — Chqnueledon procumbens. Link. Enura. v. i. p. 210. — Anonymos fruticosa, foliis erica baccifercc Matthioli, Bauh. Hist. v. i. p. 527, with a figure. Localitiks. — On dry moory ground, on most of the Scottish Highland Moun- tains. among grass and moss. — Aberdeensh. Avon Hills, in many places, from 700 to 1150 yards: N. B. G. Loch-na-Garr : Murray. — Argylesh. Ben Cruachan ; and Locheil Moors: N. B. G. — Banffsh. near Loch Avon: N. B.G. — In Dumbartonshire ; N. B.G. — Forfarsh. On the iiill between Glen Bra- dooney and Glen Dole ; and others of the Clova Mountains: Mr. H.C. Watson. tin the lop of Cairn Inks, a mountain opposite the Inn atClova: Murray. — Inverness-shire ; By the Lake on Ben Nevis: Mr. H. C. Watson. Benvochart, near Inverness: Mr. Andkrson. Cairngorm: Mr. Smith. — Orkney; Hoy Hill: N. B. G. — Perthsh. Ben Lasvers ; Ben More; South-east shoulder of Ben Voirlich ; Ben Glow ( Ben-y-Gloe 1) ; and Ben Ferrag. by Loch Erricht : N. B. G. — Boss-shire; Ben Wevis : N J. Winch, Esq. Hills of Hoss-shire : Mr. G. C. Siuuu — In Shetland : Mr Hi wn son. — Sterlingsh. Ben Lomond : Mr. .1. Hoorir. — Sutherland ; Fonniven : Graham. Ben Hope, and Ben Heeal : Mr. H.C. Wa i son. Shrub. — Flowers from April to July. Root woody, brandling, fibrous. Stems dwarfish, woody, rigid, tortuous, round, darkish-brown, and naked below, leafy above, very much branched ; branches crowded, leafy, each 2 or 3 inches long, depressed, spreading in all directions. Leaves numerous, small, opposite, on very short, somewhat dilated petioles, oval, en- tire, very much resembling those of Thyme (t. 127), quite smooth, glossy, dark-green, channelled on the upper surface, with the margins remarkably revolute, so as almost to meet the thick, broad, prominent midrib of the under surface, which is paler. Flowers small, in short terminal racemes. Pedicels (see fig. 1.) smooth, red, each with an egg-shaped bractea at its base, swollen upwards. Calyx (see fig. 1.) purple, permanent, in 5 deep, oblong, fleshy segments. Corolla rose-coloured, in 5 oblong, bluntish, moderately spreading segments. Stamens inserted upon a fleshy disk or base tu the germen, a little shorter than the corolla ; anthers (see fig. 4.) of 2 oval cells, opening by a longitudinal fissure. Germen (see fig. 5.) on a fleshy base or disk, egg-shaped, 2- or 3-celled. Cap- sule (see fig 6 to 9.) broadly egg-shaped, purplish-brown, with a spongy coat, and deciduous cuticle ; opening by 2 or 3 valves, according as the cells are 2 or 3. Seeds (see figs. 10 to 13) oval, pale brown, dotted, fixed to the lobes of a central, at length, (when the valves open,) free column or receptacle. See Hooh. Brit. FI. Authors differ in opinion respecting the number of valves and cells which com- pose the capsules of this species. G.crtnkr found but 2, or more commonly 3, cells to the capsule, never 5; ami his observations are confirmed by those of Sir W. J. Hooki h. Linn.t.us describes them ( Tour in Lapland, v. i. p.285.) as having 5 cells and 5 valves; and Sir J. E. Smith says {Engl. FI. v. i. p. 282), that he found 4 or 5. The capsules of some specimens ot An a lea procumbens, in the Sherardian Herbarium, appear, some to have 4, and others 5 valves, but, on a close inspection of them, i found the former were only 2, and the latter only 3-celled each valve being divided so far down as to look like two. This interesting and elegant little shrub, which is so plentiful on the tops of many of the mountains in Scotland, has not, l believe, been found either in England or Ireland, it is said to abound in the Arctic Regions, and through- out the whole of tile northern hemisphere. In North America, it is found wild in the alp. ne regions of the White Mountains, New Hampshire; and onGrand- t, it her Mountain, Carolina, \c. For the specimen figured, I am indebted to Mr. W. Jackson, jun. of Dundee, who gathered it on the Clova Mountains, in J uly, 1840. 4 u Muihcirs, Bel (464.) ANTHE'JllCUM* *. Linnean Class and Order. Hexa'ndria f, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Asphode'le.'eJ, Dr. R. Brown. — Lindl. Syn. p. 266. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 273. — Loud. Hort. Brit, p. 539.— Mack. FI. Hib. p. 284.— Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 423.— Asparagi, sect. i. Juss. Gen. PI. p.40. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 71. — Asparagines, sect. i. Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 402. — Asparage.e, Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 233. — Liliales ; sect. LiUACiNyE ; type, Asphodelace.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 418, 425, & 427. — Coronari.e, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx none. Corolla ( perianthium§ ) (fig. 1.) inferior, of 6 equal, elliptic-oblong, spreading petals. Filaments (see fig. 1.) 6, thread-shaped, straight; usually naked, sometimes bearded. Anthers roundish, versatile. Germen (fig. 2.) superior, roundish, with 3 angles. Style (see fig. 3.) thread-shaped, or partly triangular, upright, permanent. Stigma blunt. Capsule (see fig. 3.) roundish, with 3 angles, 3 cells, and 3 valves, with central parti- tions ; blunt, or concave, at the summit, and crowned with the style. Seeds few, angular, naked at the hilum. The inferior corolla, of 6 elliptic-oblong petals ; the thread- shaped, straight filaments ; the roundish 3-celled capsule ; and the angular seeds, naked at the hilum ; will distinguish this from other genera, without a calyx, in the same class and order. One species British. ANTHE'RICUM SERO'TINUM|| Late Spider-wort. Moun- tain Spider-wort. Saffron Spider-wort. Spec. Char. Leaves semicylindrical ; those on the stem dilated at their base. Flowers mostly solitary. Engl. Bot. t. 793 — Jacq. FI. Austr. App. t. 38. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 444. — Hilda. FI. Angl. (2nd cd.) p. 144. — Willd. Sp. PL v. ii. pt. I. p. 134. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 367. ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 150. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 431. — Lindl. Syn. p. 269. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 157. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 239. — Phalanyium serotinum , Lamark. Ency. Meth. v. iii. p. 241. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 175. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 236. — Bulbosa alpina juncifolia, pericarpio unico erecto in summo cauliculo dodrantali, ltay’s Syn. (2nd ed.) p. 233. — Bulbocodium alpi- num, pumilum. juncifolium, Bore unico, intus a/bo, extus squalide rubente, Dill, in Ray’s Syn. p.374. t. 17. f. 1. — Bulbocodium serotinum. Linn. Sp. PI. (1st ed.) p. 294. — Pseudo-narcissus, yramineo folio, Bauh. Pin. p. 51. Prod. p. 97. — Rudb. Elys. v. ii. p. 64. f. 9. — Narcissus autumnalis minor, Bauh. Hist, v. ii. p. 663, left-hand figure only. Fig. 1. A Flower, opened to show the Stamens. — Fig. 2. Germen, Style, and Stigma. — Fig. 3. Transverse section of a Capsule. * Erom anthericos, Gr. ; applied by the Greeks to the stem of the Asphodel. Hooker. •f See fol. 33, note +. t See fol. 41, a. I See fol. 33, note t. || The specific name, which is incorrect for a plant blossoming in June, (Marty*) says April and May,) seems to have originated in a confusion of synonyms between this Anthericum and the Narcissus serotinus of Clus. Hist. v. i. p. 162, the figure in which is copied in John B.u iiin’s llistoria, and there placed with our Anthericum. Sir J. E. Smith. Loca i itifs. — On the loftiest Welsh mountains. — Caernarvonsh. On Snow- don; and on the mountains in t lie neighbourhood of Llanberries; on the west side of Trigvilchau : Ray. Abundant on rocks above Twll-dil: 1 have also found it in one place only on the rocks of Crib y Ddescil, but could never find it on Clogwyn ddfi’r Ardda: Mr. Griffith in B. G. On Clogwyn ddfl’s Arddfi; Rev. H. Davies, ibid. Rocks near Twll-dCt: J. E. Bowman, in N. B. G. IS'ear the summit of Glydyr Kawr: Mr. W. Wii.son, in Brit. FI. Justcoming into flower, May 30, 1828, on rocks close to the chasm called Twll Du on Cwm Idwal: N. J. Winch, Esq., in Loud. May. Nat. Hist. v. ii. p.279. Perennial. — Flowers in June. Root somewhat tuberous, rather than bulbous, with many long slender fibres. Stem solitary, from 3 to 6 inches high, round, generally simple and single-flowered, rarely 2-flowered. Root- leaves few, upright, semicylindrical, solid, very slender, often longer than the stem. Stem-leaves 3 or 4, much shorter than the root- leaves, spear-awl-shaped, sheathing, scattered, and more resembling bracteas than leaves. Flowers upright, usually one only, very rarely more. Petals scarcely half an inch long, tapering at the base, white, veined externally with dull red, withering, permanent, as well as the stamens. Filaments beardless, not attached to the petals. Germen (see fig. 2.) obscurely triangular. Stigma trian- gular, truncated. Capsule the size of a pea, membranous. Seeds angular, wrinkled, of a bright chesnut colour ( Sm . Eng. FI ). Mr. W. Wilson (in Hooker’s British Flora ) says, the flower-stalk is invested with its own sheath, and separated by an elongation of the root from the leaves , of which the most distant encloses within its fleshy base the rudiment of the plant of the following season. The same excellent Botanist also observes, that the plant is increased by offsets or creeping shoots with a bulb at the extremity, the point of the bulb directed towards the parent root. Sir J. E. Smith says he could not perceive the black brittle skin on the seeds of this plant, which is proper, as Mr. Brown observes, to his Asphodelecc. Anthericum serdtinum is a smooth, slender plant, growing only on high mountains in Switzerland, Dauphine, Piedmont, Austria, &c. In Britain it has been found only on some of the loftiest moun- tains in Wales. SPRING. How shall I woo thee, beautiful Spring ? What shall my offering be ? Shall I search the abode of the Ocean King, And a chaplet of pearls bring thee ? Oh, no! for there shines in thy clustering curls The dew-drops of morning brighter than pearls. Shall I seek the sweet South, where the balmy breeze Kisses lightly the cheek of her flowers? Shall I bring them to thee with their perfumed leaves. And plant them within thy bowers ? Oh, no ! for the violet that blooms at thy feet Has a lovelier glow, and a breath mere sweet. How shall I woo thee, beautiful Spring? From whence shall my offering come ? Shall I echo the birds as they joyously sing In the groves of thy flowering home ? Oh, yes ! for sweet music alone has the spell To fathom the depths of thy leafy dell. A. C. Tcrnbcll. Bath and Cheltenham Gazette. (465 ) ERIOCAU'LON* * Linnean Class and Order. MoNtE'ciAf, Hexa'ndria* Natural Order. Restia'cee, R. Brown’s Prod. p. 243. — Lind. Syn. p. 272. ; Intr. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 283. — Rich, by Macgill. p.396. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 541. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 288. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 424. — Junci; sect. 1. Juss. Gen. PI. pp. 43 Ik 44. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 72.— Juncales ; sect. Jun- cin.e; type, Restiacee ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 403 & 416. — EiNSAT.e, Linn. Gen. Char. Flowers monoecious, collected into a compact, scaly head. Scales (see fig. 1.) 1-flowered, the exterior ones ge- nerally empty, and forming an involucrum. Sterile Flowers (see fig. 2.) in the centre. Calyx of 2 or 3 sepals. Corolla of 2 or 3 petals, united nearly to their summit. Filaments (see fig. 2.) 4 or 6, occasionally 3, from the upper part of the petals (see fig. 3), and a little longer, thread-shaped, upright. Anthers roundish, of 2 oblong cells. Fertile Flowers (see figs. 4 & 5.) in the circumfer- ence. Calyx (see fig. 4. d , d.) of 2 or 3 sepals. Corolla (see fig. 4, c. and fig. 5.) of 2 or 3 distinct petals. Gennen (see fig. 7.) 2- or 3-lobed, superior. Style 1, very short. Stigmas 2 or 3, awl-shaped, pointed. Capsules (see fig. 8.) with 2 or 3 rounded lobes, and as many cells, bursting at the angles. Cells 1-seeded. Seeds (see fig. 9.) globular, albuminous, with an external embryo. The compact head of flowers, with a scaly involucrum ; the sterile-flowers in the centre, each with a calyx of 2 or 3 sepals, and a corolla of 2 or 3 petals connected nearly to the summit ; the fertile-flowers in the circumference, each with a calyx of 2 or 3 sepals, and a corolla of 2 or 3 distinct petals; the single style, with 2 or 3 stigmas ; and the capsule with 2 or 3 lobes, and 2 or 3, single- seeded, cells ; will dhtinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. ERIOCAU'LON SEPTANGULA'RE. Seven-angled Pipewort. Jointed Pipewort. Wreathed Pipewort. Net-wort. Spec. Char. Scapes striated, about 7-angled, longer than the cellular, compressed, awl-shaped, smooth leaves. Head of Flowers convex. Sepals, Petals, and Scales, hairy at the extremities. Sta- mens four. Capsule 2-celled. Engl. Bot. t. 733. — Hook. FI. Lond. t. 52. — With. (1st od.) v. ii. p. 784. — Sym. Syn. PI. p. 41. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 1010. ; Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 140. — With. (7th ed. ) v. ii. p. 219. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 158. — Lindl. Syn. p. 272. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 404. — Macr. Man. Blit. Bot. p. 244. — Ait. Hort. Kew. (2nd ed. ) v. i. p. 183. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 270. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 285. — Mack. Catal. of PI. of Irel. p. 81. ; FI. Hibern. p. 289. — Eriocaulon decanguldre, Liglitf. FI. Scot. v. ii. p. 569. — Hope in Phil. Trans, v. lix. p. 243. t. 12. — Penn. Voy. to the Hebrid. v. i. t. 39. at p. 314. — With. (2nd ed.) r. ii. p. 1062. — Nasmythia articulata. Huds. FI. Angl. (2nded.) p. 4i5. Fig. 1. A Scale. — Fig. 2. A Sterile Flower. — Fig. 3. One of the Segments of ditto. — Fig. 4. A Fertile Flower; a. the Scale ; d, d. Calyx; c. Corolla. — Fig. 5. A Fertile Flower expanded. — Fig. 6. A Petal of ditto, with 2 tubercles.— Fig. 7. Germen.— Fig. 8. Capsule. — Fig. 9. A Seed. — All magnified ; fig. 9. very highly so. * From erion, Gr. wool ; and kaulos, Gr. a stem ; in allusion to the downy stems of the species first known, though not applicable to the British one. •f- See folio 83, note -f. i See folio 92, note f. Localities. — In Lakes in Scotland and the west roast of Ireland; rare. — SCOTLAND. Inverness-shire ; First observed in the isle of Skye by Mr. Robertson, in 1768, according to Dr. Hope ; but by the Rev. Dr. Walker’s Herbarium, in Mr. Maughan’s possession, it appears to have been discovered there, Sept. 11, 1764, by Sir John Macpherson, along with Dr. Walker, in a small lake by the road-side leading from Sconsar to Giesto. Sir John Macpherson, who saw it hist, leaped from his horse, waded into the lake, and brought it out. See Hooker’s FI Scot. In two or three small fresh-water lochs, about a mile west of Loch-Sligachan, in the isle of Skye, but particularly in a small lake called l.och-na-Caiplich, close to the road-side between Sliga- chan and Drynoch, in such abundance that the white fibres of the roots are thrown upon the edges of the loch in the same manner as wrack and other weeds on the sea-shores: Lightfoof. In Skye, Coll, and a few of the neighbouring islands of the Hebrides: Sir W. J. Hooker. — 1RKLAND. On the edges of all the loughs, great and small, in Cunnamara ; and il is to be met with in many places in the county of Galway : Dr. Wade ; see Memoir of Sir J. E. Saiith, v. ii p. 148. Very plentiful in many of the small lakes in Cunnamara ; and in small ditches within four miles of Galway on the Oughterard road, and in several small lakes between Newport and Mount Nephin, county of Mayo : Mr. J.T Mackay. Abundant in the lakes of Rosses, Donegal: K. Morphy, Esq. Perennial. — Flowers in August and September. Roots creeping, with numerous, long, white, curiously jointed fibres , which penetrate deep into the mud. Leaves radical, numer- ous. channelled, smooth, two or three inches long, tapering gradually from a broadish base, to a hair-like point, and so pellucid as when held between the eye and the light to exhibit very distinctly their beautifully cellular internal structure. Scape from a few inches to nearly two feet high, with a tubular sheath at the base, solitary, simple, naked, beautifully cellular, a little twisted, having about seven angles, occasionally more or less, with flat interstices. Flowers numerous, minute, collected into a compact terminal head; each flower with an inversely egg-shaped, membranous, concave scale (fig. 1.), nearly as long as itself. Calyx of the Sterile Flowers (see fig. 2.) of 2 doubly-keeled, purplish sepals ; corolla of 2 petals, which are white, and united for a great proportion of their length, so as to be 2-lipped at the extremity, each lip bearing a stamen, and above that a black sessile gland (see fig. 3.) ; and on each side, between the two lips a stamen ; in the centre between these are two black stalked glands, (probably abortive styles). Calyx of the Fertile Flowei- (see fig. 4. d,d.) similar to that of the sterile one. Corolla (see fig. 4. c.) of 2 distinct petals, each with a black, sessile gland at the extremity. Germen of 2 globose lobes. Style short, stigmas 2, long, awl-shaped. See Sir W. J. Hooker’s Brit. FI. This very curious plant is said to have been found in no other part of the world than in the habitats recorded above. The plants sometimes form large floating islands, by means of their densely matted toots ; the heads of flowers and part of the scape alone rising above the water. The root is slightly acri- monious when chewed. Eriocaulon decangulare of Linn aos, is distinct from this, and has never yet been found wild in any part of Britain. The Natural Order Restiaof*., of which the present plant is the only British example, consists of herbaceous plants or under shrubs, either with simple, narrow leaves, or none. The flowers are generally aggregate, in heads or spikes, and are separated by scales (see fig. 1). The perianthium (see figs. 2,4, & 5.) is inferior, and from 2- to 6-parted, seldom wanting. The stamens are definite, from 1 to 6. 'The ovary (see fig. 7.) is 1- or more- celled, each cell with one, pendulous, ovule. The fruit (see fig. 8.) is capsu- lar or nut-like; and the seeds are inverted, and have a lenticular embryo, which is outside the albumen, and distant from the hilum. 997 (466) ASPEFtU'GO * *. Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Boragl'nea; Juss. Gen. PI. p. 128. — Sm- Gram, of Bot. p. 102. — Lindl. Syn. p. 163.; Introd. to Nat. Syst- of Bot. p. 241. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 440. — Loud. Horl. Brit, p. 527. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iv. p. 306 — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 167. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 413. — Asperifo- iaje, Linn. — Sm. Engl. FI. v. i. p. 247. — Syringales ; subord. Primulos-b; sect. Solanin.b ; type, Boragi.nace.® ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 900, 958, 982 & 1005. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, of 1 sepal, divided half way into 5 small, nearly equal segments, permanent ; subsequently enlarged, compressed, forming two upright, paraded, unequally sinuated and toothed, veiny lobes (see fig. 2). Corolla (figs. 3 & 4.) of 1 petal, funnel-shaped ; tube cylindrical, very short; limb longer, in 5 rounded spreading segments ; mouth closed by 5 convex, blunt scales, converging horizontally. Filaments (see fig. 4 & 5.) 5, very short, in the throat, alternate with the scales, and concealed by them. Anthers small, roundish, of 2 lobes. Germens (see fig. 6.) 4, compressed. Style (see fig. 6.) upright, the length of the tube. Stigma blunt. Nuts (see figs. 7 & 8.) 4, l-celied, egg-shaped, compressed, smooth, not perforated at the base, fixed to the central column, which is 4-winged. The 5-cleft, unequal calyx, with intermediate teeth ; the short, funnel-shaped corolla, with its mouth closed by concave, converging scales; and the nuts covered by the doubled, compressed calyx; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. ASPERU'GO PROCU'MBENS. Procumbent Madwort. Ger- man Madwort. Trailing Catch-weed. Great Goose-grass. Spec. Char. Engl. Bot. t. 661. — FI. Grace. v. ii. p. G5. t. 177. — FI. Dan. t. 552. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 198. ; FI. Lapp. (2ml eil. ) p. 50.— Hulls. FI. Arigl. (2nded.) p. 82. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. ii. p. 778. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 220. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 265. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 285.— Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 351.— Lindl. Syn. p. 165. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 86. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 162.— Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iv. p. 357. — Lainark and De Cand. FI. Fr. v. iii. p. 634. — L'ghtf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 135. — Itelh. FI, Cant. (3rded.) p. 83. — Hook. FI. Scot, p 70. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 46. — Johnst. FI. of Borw. v. i. p. 54. — Winch’s FI. of Northumld. and Durh. p. 12. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 33. — Irv. Loud. FI. p. 137 — Leight. FI. Shropsh. p. 100. — Asperugo vulgaris, Ray’s Syn. p. 228.— Blackst. Sp. Bot. p. 5. — Fig. 1. Calyx of the Flower. — Fig. 2. Calyx of the Fruit.— Fig. 3. Corolla. — Fig. 4. Corolla opened vertically to show the Scales, and the Stamens. — -Fig 5. A separate Stamen. — Fig 6. Germens, Style, and Stigma. — Fig. 7. The permanent Calyx, and 4 Nuts. — Fig. 8. A separate Nut. — All magnified. * From asper, rough ; from the roughness of its leaves and st< ms ; by which it adheres to whatever it touches. t See folio 48, note t. t See folio 102, i. Aparine major Plinii, Johnson’s Gcrarde, p. 1122, with a figure — Cynoglossa topiaria forte Plinii, Bauh. Hist. v. iii. p. €01, with a figure. The same cut is put in the preceding page, for C. folio virente — German Maduort, Petiv. H. Brit. t. 29. f. 12. Localities. — In roads, waste plates, on dunghills, and among rubbish ; rare. — Cambridgeshire ; In the hedge of a lane leading to Newmarket, near the church which stands by the King’s House, and in the close by the church- yard : Rev. R. Relhan. It used to grow near Newmarket, but has not been found there for many years: Rev. J. Hemsted. — Dorset; Chalky roads by the way-side, but I have forgotten the place: Rev. G. Crabbe, in B. G. — Essex ; Near Pur- fleet : Mr. Alchorn, in “ Huds. FI. Angl.” Warner, in his “ Plant® Woodfordiensis,” p. 19, has introduced this as an Essex plant, but from his reference to Ray, it is clear that he meant Lycopsis arvensis ; see t. 21. — Northumberland; In the Holy Island: Ray. On Bamborough Castle, and on rubbish by the road-side below it: Miss N lvison & Miss Forster, in “ FI. of Northumb.” — Shropshire ; In a field near the confluence of the rivers Corve and Teme, Ludlow: Dr. Evans. Gathered in the same locality since, by Dr. Joseph Babington: N. B. G. — Somersetshire ; In the corn-fields near Bath : Mr. Hill, in “ Blackst. Sp. Bot.” — Suffolk ; At Wangford, near Brandon : Mr. F. Eagle, jun. in B. G. About the ciiurch at Newmaiket: Rev. R. Relhan. — Sussex; Near Boxley : Ray. — WALES. Caernarvonshire; North sideof Llandido Rocks, as you descend down to the LlSch ; in a most perilous situ- ation, and certainly wild : Mr. Griffith, in B. G. — SCOTLAND. Berwick- shire; In the Holy Island: Ray. On Bamburgh Castle, confined to a small spot: Miss Nevison, “ FI of Berw.” — Forfarshire ; Near to the town of Achmithie; and also at the village of Westhaven: Mr. G. Don, in Headrick's " Agricul. of Forfarshire,” p. 31. — 1 Elginshire ; Burghead : G. Gordon, in N. B. G. — Haddingtonshire ; By the church at Dunbar: Dr. Parsons, in “ Lightf. FI.” Plentifully among the ruins of the Castle at Dunbar, in 1808 : Sir W. J. Hooker, in “ FI. Scot.” Guillon Links: Messrs. Ahnott and Stewart, in “ FI. Edin.” Near LufTness, in a neglected field : N. B. G. Annual, — Flowers in April and May. Root small, tapering. Stems procumbent, branched, square, leafy, from 1 to 2 feet long, their angles beset with small, hooked spines or bristles. Leaves alternate, nearly opposite, or sometimes 3 or 4 from nearly the same point of the stem, oblong-spear-shaped, the lower ones petiolate, (stalked,) all clothed with hispid hairs on both surfaces, and having the margin and mid-rib furnished with bristly hairs, which point forwards. Flowers small, axillary, soli- tary, on very short peduncles, which are upright at first, but after- wards curve downwards. Calyx (fig. 1.) small, hairy, becoming much larger after flowering (see figs. 2 & 7). Corolla (fig. 3 & 4.) with a short, cylindrical, white tube ; rounded, blue segments ; and white or reddish scales. Seeds whitish, finely granulated. This plant is a native throughout Europe and Siberia, by way- sides, hedges, on walls, and among rubbish. — Horses, goats, sheep, and swine are said to eat it ; cows are not fond of it. ^G’fec/o'. r ^^AAa^aHce . d* MaZfT^m^/Jel.^o. y\co 'fyyWBa.thr&ota.nic Ga-a C 7/ MaffigtnJJd/e 5c ■ ILLE'CEBRUM * *. Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Illece'brea:^, Dr. R. Brown. — Lindl. Syn. p. 60 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 164. — Paronychie.e, Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 508. — Loud. Ilort. Brit. p. 516. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. viii. p. 84. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 407. — Amaranthi, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 87. — Sm.Gram. of Bot. p. 92. — Querneales; sect. Rumicinaj ; type, Scleranthaceas; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 523, 587, & 594- — Holerace.e, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (see fig. 1, a. and fig. 2.) inferior, 5-angled, of 5 coloured, cartilaginous, hooded, permanent sepals, their back elongated into a horn-like process. Corolla none, or reduced to 5 awl-shaped scales, which alternate with the sepals (see fig. 1,6). Filaments (see fig. 1 .) hair-like, from 2 to 5, opposite the sepals, and inserted into their base. Anthers simple, of 2 cells. Germen superior, egg-shaped, pointed. Style very short. Stigmas 2, ca- pitate. Capsule (fig. 3.) roundish, pointed at each end, included in the calyx, of 1 cell, with 5 valves, or separable along 5 streaks. Seed (fig. 4.) solitary,' egg-shaped, pointed at each end, inserted into one side of the capsule. Embryo nearly straight, placed on one side of the albumen, which is farinaceous. — Small herbs, with opposite leaves, furnished with scarious stipulas at their base (see fig. 5, a). Flowers (fig. 5, b.) axillary, or in cymes ; with scarious bracteas, smaller than the flowers. The calyx of 5 cartilaginous, hooded sepals, their back elongated into a horn-like process ; the corolla wanting, or reduced to 5 awl- shaped scales ; and the superior, 1-celled, 1-seeded capsule, co- vered by the calyx ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. ILLE'CEBRUM VERTICILLA'TUM. Whorled Knot-grass. Whorled Creeping Milkwort. Spec. Char. Stems procumbent, thread-shaped, smooth. Leaves broadly egg-shaped. Flowers crowded in the axils of the leave*, whorled. Engl. Bot. t. 895. — FI. Dan. t. 335. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 298. — Iluds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed ) p. 100. — Willd Sp. PI. v. i. pt. ii. p. 1205. — Sm.'Fl. Brit. v. i. p. 208. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 335. — With. (7th cd. ) v. ii. p. 339. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 546. — Lindl. Syn. p. 61. — Hook. Blit. FI. p. 109. — Maer. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 86.— De Cand. Prodr. v. iii. p. 370. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 88. — FI. Devon, pp. 43 & 170. — Irv. Lorid. FI. p.231. — Bah. Prim. FI. Sam. p. 40. — Ellecebrum, Linn. Ilort. Cliff, p. 492.. — Corriyiola, Ray’s Syn. p. 160. — Poly- gala repens, Johnson’s Gerarde, p 563. f. 1. — Park. Theatr. Bot. p. 1333. n. 4. — Paronychia verticillata, Lam. et De Cand. FI. Fr. v. iii. p. 403. — Paronychia serpyllifolia palustris, Vaill. Par. p. 157. t. 15. f. 7. Fig. 1. A Flower; a. sepals; b. petals, or scales. — Fig. 2. A separate Sepal. — Fig. 3. A Capsule. — Fig. 4. A Seed. — Fig. 5. A portion of the Stem, with a pair of leaves, accompanied with the Stipula:, a ; and a whorl of Flowers, b. * From fUcccbra of I'lisy, which is from illicio, to allure ; pretty enticing plants. Do.n. \ See l'ol. IS, note f . ; See fol. 155, a. Locai.itifs-. — In marshy or boggy ground, and wet meadows; rare. — Corn- wall ; In watery places between St. Columb and St. Michael; also about i’enzance ; and towards the Land’s End : Heath. On Talloe Water, Bradoc : Mr. E. Fohster, jun. Among the rocks at Castle Treryn: Borlace, B. G. Marsh between Penzance and Marazion ; and other wet places about the former: Mr. H. C. Watson, in N. B. G. Gear Stamps ; Gulval ; and Land’s End: Rev. W. T. Bree, in Mag. Nat. Hist. v. iv. p. 161. Base of a hill at the Race course, Truro : Rev. J. S. Tozer, in Hook. Brit. FI. Gorse Moor and Roche: Jones's Bot. Tour. p. 37. — Devonsh. East side of the Shute Hill, near Axminster: Rev. W. Auckland, in FI. Devon. Not uncommon in Devon : Dr. Withering. — Staffordsh. On the road-side betwixt Elnal and Ranton Abbey: Dr. Withering. — In the Island of Jersey: Mr. B. Saun- ders, in Bab. Prim. FI. Sam. Perennial- — Flowers in July. Root creeping. Stems trailing, thread-shaped, smooth, from 2 to 6 inches long, often producing slender thread-shaped fibres from the same joints with the leaves and flowers. Leaves opposite, small, egg-shaped, or roundish, entire, rather fleshy, smooth, almost sessile, upper ones crowded. Stipulas (see fig. 5, a.) intra- foliaceous (placed above the leaf), small, white, scarious, jagged at the margin. Flowers (see fig. 5, b.) small, snow white, some- times reddish, crowded together in whorls in the axils of the leaves, and furnished with small white scarious bracteas at their base. Sepals (see fig. 1, a. and fig. 2.) cartilaginous, blunt, hooded, with long, twisted, terminal bristles or horn-like processes. Petals (see fig. 1,6.) f scales of Sm.^ awl-shaped, reddish, pointed, alternate with the sepals. Filaments very short. Stigma notched. Capsule of 5 distinct valves. A delicate and beautiful little plant, a native of Flanders, Ger- many, England, and many other parts of Europe ; but it has not been found either in Scotland or Ireland. God of the changeful year! — amidst the glow Of strength and beauty, and transceudant grace, Which, on the mountain heights, or deep below. In shelter’d vales, and each sequester’d place. Thy forms of vegetable life assume, — Whether Thy pines, with giant arms display’d. Brave the cold north, or wrapt in eastern gloom, Thy trackless forests sweep, a w'orld of shade; Or whether, scenting ocean’s heaving breast. Thy odoriferous isles innumerous rise ; Or, under various lighter forms impressed. Of fruits, and flowers, Thy works delight our eyes ; God of all life ! wliate’er those forms may be ; 0 1 may they all unite in praising Thee !” W. Roscob. ; . I 1 .1 '! /. I ' * -47* (472.) LIGU'STICUM* * Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Umbelli'feraj Juss. Gen. PL p. 218. — Snl. Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lindl. Syn. p. 111.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 517. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p.235. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 113. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p.408. — Umbellate, Linn. — Rosales; sect. Angelicina; ; type, Angelicaceje; subtvpe, Angelicid.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 770, 773, and 774. Gen. Char. Flowers all perfect, prolific, and regular. Calyv (see fig. 2.) of 5 small, pointed, upright teeth, sometimes obsolete. Corolla (see fig. 1.) of 5 inversely egg-shaped, acute, emarginate petals ; each with an indexed point, and a very short claw. Ft 'la- ments (see fig. 1.) 5, thread-shaped, spreading, shorter than the corolla. Anthers roundish. Germen oblong, blunt, slightly com- pressed, furrowed. Styles (see figs. 1 & 2.) 2, tumid at the base, permanent. Stigmas simple. Fruit (see figs. 2 & 3.) unarmed, elliptical, a little compressed at the sides. Carpels (see fig. 3.) with 5 sharp, somewhat winged, equal ribs (fig 3, o.) , the lateral of which form a margin. Interstices ( channels ) with many vittce (fig. 3,6). Seed almost sertiicylindrical. — Universal involucrum various ; partial ones many-leaved. Flowers white. The corolla of 5 inversely egg-shaped, acute, emarginate petals, with inflexed points, and very short claws ; the unarmed, elliptical fruit ; and the carpels with 5 sharp, somewhat winged ribs, with many vittce in the interstices ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. LIGU'STICUM SCO'TICUM. Scotch Lovage. Scotch Parsley. Sea Parsley. Spec. Char. Leaves twice ternate, opaque; leaflets subrhom- boid, broad, acute, smooth, serrated. Universal involucrum of about 6 narrow leaves. Calyx 5-toothed. Engl. Bot. t. 1207.— FI. Dan. t. 207.— Linn. Bp. PI. p. 359. -Huds. FI. AngL (2nd ed.) p. 117. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. II. p. 1424. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 309,; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 82. — With. (7th ed. ) v. ii. p. 376. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 517. — Lindl. Syn. p. 118. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 121. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 101. — De Cand. Prod. v. iv. p. 157. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 317. — ■ Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 159. — Thomp. Pi. of Bern', p. 30. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 89. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 64. — Johnst. FI. of Berw. r. i. p. 71. — Winch’s FI. of Nor- thumb. and Durh. p. 19. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 31. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 233. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 177. — Ligusticum scoticum, apii folio, Ray’s Syn. p. 214. — Ligusticum humilius Scoticum a maritimis, Pluk. Aim. p. 217. ; Pliyt. t. 96. f. 2 .—Imperatorice offinis umbellifera maritima Scotica, Sibb. Scot. Illustr. Fig. 1. A Flower. — Fig. 2. A Fruit. — Fig. 3. Transverse section of a Fruit; a, a rib ; b, a channel, with its vittae. — All magnified ; fig. 4, highly so. * From Liguria, a country in which some of the species abound. Ilcnce, too, comes our word Lovage. •f See folio 48, note +. $ See folio 235 a. pf. ii. p. 32. t. 12. f. 3. bud. — Seseli maritimion Scoticum humile , foliis tmpe* ratoria. Hcrm. Parad. p. 227, with a figure. — Scotch Parsley . Pet. II. lirif. t. 26. f. 11. Localities. — On the sea-coasts of Scotland, and the north of England ; very rare. — Northumberland ; Among the rocks on the side of the ruins of Dunstan- borough Castle; July 18, 1804 : N..I. Winch, Esq. Its most southern locality; ihid. On the beech, a quarter of a mile south of Bamborough Castle; \V. C. Trevelyan, Esq. in FI. of Northumb. — Coast nearEmbleton : R. Emelkton, in N. B. G. — SCOTLAND. Aberdtensh. Near Aberdeen, on rocks a little north from the Lighthouse ; and rocks at Bay of Nigg, &e. : Dick. FI. Abred Angus-sh. On the coast between Arbroath and the Bedhead: Mr. Brown, in With — Banffsh. On the coast: G. Gordon, in N. B. G. — Berwicksh. Sea- shore at Lamberton Shields: J. V. Thompson, Esq. Shore at Eyemouth: Mr. A. Baiiid. in FI. Berw. On rocks between Fastcaslle and Redheugh ; G. Johnston, Esq. M. D. in FI Berw. — Caithness; Near Wick: Mr. M'Leay, in With. Berrydale: G. Gordon, in N. B. G. — Edinburghsh. Back of the glass-woiks at Leith: J . Woodforde, in N. B. G .—Elginsh. Covesea, Stot- field, and Cummingstown : G. Gordon, in N. B. G. — Fifesh. In several parts of the coast between Burnt-island and Queen’s-ferry : Mr. H. C. Watson, in N. B. G. Between N. and S. Weems; and below Kinghorne : Rev. J. Light- foot. From N. Queen’s-ferry eastward, along the whole coast: Dr. G revii,i.e, in FI. Edin. — Inverness-sh. Isle of Skye: Rev. J. I.ightfoot. — Linlithgowsh. Rocks on the shore near New Hall : Mr. II. C Watson, in N. B. G. — Orkney ; Scalpa: Dr. Gili.is, in N. B. G. — IRELAND. On the rocks about Donag- liadee, and the Copland Isles : Mr. Templeton, in Ft. Hib. — County of Derry : Mr. D. Moore: ibid. Perennial. — Flowers in July. • Root spindle-shaped, acrid but aromatic. Stem upright, nearly simple, about a foot high, round, smooth, striated, somewhat leafy. Leaves compound, those from the root and lower part of the stem twice ternate, on longish petioles ; upper stem-leaves often simply ternate, and nearly sessile ; leaflets large, rhomboid, broad, acute, rather fleshy, veiny, smooth, deeply and irregularly serrated, entire towards the base. Petioles bordered, with a purplish compressed membrane, at the base. Umbels upright, terminal, smooth, many- rayed, not very large. Universal involucrum of about 6, oblong, unequal, entire leaves ; partial ximhel of more numerous, spear- shaped, ones. Flowers small, equal, white, with a reddish tinge. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals inflexed. Anthers red. Fruit (fig. 2.) oblong, ribbed ; the ribs with somewhat membranous wings. As well as of Britain, this plant is a native also of Lapland, Sweden, Denmark, North America, and Siberia ; Kotzebue’s Sound, and Kamtschatka. The herb is eaten either raw as a salad, or boiled as greens, by the natives of Scotland and its isles. The flavour is highly acrid, and though aromatic, and perhaps not un- wholesome, very nauseous to those who are unaccustomed to such food. In the Isle of Skye it is called Shnnis. The root is reckoned a carminitive, and an infusion of the leaves, in whey, good physic for calves. Horses, sheep, and goats, are said to eat this plant ; cows to refuse it. 47<3 yfAlkev's. D* l . &&c. Bubbly WflaxtrrR o tam-ic Carder Oxfo-dlS'J. (473.) SAUSSU'REA * * Linn. Class Order. Syngenk'sia f, Polyga'mia, AIqualis J Natural Order. Compo'sita:§, tribe, Cynarocephalae, Juss. — Lindl. Syn. pp. 140 & 152. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 197 and 200. — Mack. FI. Hibern. pp. 142 & 154. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 410. — Compo'sit/F. ; subord. Cardua'ce.* : Loud. Hort. Brit. pp. 520 & 521. — Synanthk'reas ; tribe, Cynarocephala: ; Rich, by Macgilliv. pp. 454 & 455. — Cinarocephala?, sect. 1. Juss. Gen. PI. pp. 171 & 172. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 121. ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 334. — Syringales ; type, Cynaraceas ; Burn. Outl. of Bot pp. 900 & 931. — Compo'sita, Linn. Gen. Char. Involucrum ( common calyx ) (fig. 1.) oblong, nearly cylindrical, of numerous imbricated, unarmed, permanent scales. Corolla compound, uniform ; Jlorets (see fig. 2.) rather numerous, perfect, equal, tubular, funnel-shaped ; the limb in 5 deep equal segments. Filaments 5, hair-like, very short. Anthers united in a cylindrical tube, the length of the florets, setose below. (lermen (see fig. 2.) inversely egg-shaped. Style (see fig. 2.) thread-shaped, scarcely prominent. Stigma oblong, reflexed. Seed inversely esrg-shaped, somewhat angular. Pappus (see fig. 2.) double, sessile ; outer of short rough bristles ; inner (see figs. 2 & 3.) long and feathery. Receptacle bristly or chaffy. The oblong involucrum of numerous, imbricated, unarmed scales ; the sessile pappus in two rows ; the outer of short rough bristles, the inner long and feathery; and the scaly receptacle ; will dis- tinguish this from other genera, with the florets all tubular, in the same class and order. This differs from Serratula (t. 174.) in the pappus being double, in two unequal rows. One species British. SAUSSU'REA ALPINA. Alpine Saussurea. Alpine Sow-wort. Dock-leaved Thistle-gentle. Spec. Char. Leaves spear-shaped, toothed, cottony beneath ; those of the root egg-spear-shaped, stalked. Flowers in a clustered umbel. Saussukea alpina, De Cand. — Lin dl. Syn. p. 152. — Ilook. Brit. FI. p. 349. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot p. 136 — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 273. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 154. — Serratula alpina, Engl. Bot. t. 599. — FI. Dan. t. 37. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1145. — FI. Lapp. (2nd ed.) p. 241. ; FI. Suec. p. 278. — Huds. FI. Angl (2nd ed.) pp. 349 and 657. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. III. p. 1641. — Sm. FI. Brit, v ii. p. 846. ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 383. — With. (7tl\ ed.) v. iii. p. 907. — Liglitf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 448. t. 19. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 235. — Mack. Catal. PI. of Irel. p. 71. — Bennettia alpina, Quay’s Nat. Arr. v.ii. p. 440. — Cirsium humile montanum, Cynoglossi folio, polyanthemum, Ray’s Syn. p. 193. — Dill. Elth. v. i. p. 82. t. 70. — Cirsium alpinum, Boni Henrici folio, Tourn. Inst. p. 448. — Carduo-cirsium minus, cambro-britannicum. floribus plurimis summo caule congestis, Pink. Almag. p. 83. ; Phyt. t. 154. f. 3. — Carduus mollis, folds lapathi, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 1184, with a fig. — Carduus mollis, lapathi folio, Bauh. Hist. v. iii. p. 46. f. 47. — Carduus mollis Hore cceruleo, Merr. Pin. p. 21. Fig 1. Involucrum, inclosing the florets.— Fig. 2. A separate Floret, with its Germen and Pappus. — Fig. 3. A single, feathery, inner hair of the Pappus. * So named in honour of the two Savsslres, father and son. + See fol. 91, note +. } See fol. 147, note J. $ See fol. 27, a. Localities. — On moist alpine rocks, very rare. — Cumberland ; Castle ; and near the Church at Beweastle: Hutchinson, in B. G. — On Helvellyn: N. B. G. — Lancashire; In Brearcliff near Burnley: Merrett. — WALKS. Caernarvonshire ; On the highest rocks of Snowdonia, as Clogwyn y Garnedd ; Iscolion duon, fcc. : Ray. Rocks of Crib y Ddescil and Cwm Idwel, in places scarcely accessible: Mr. Griffith. — SCOTLAND. Argyleshire ; Glenor- chy ; Ben Arthur, by Arroquhar: W. Borrer, Esq. in FI. Scot. — Dumfries- shire ; Near Moffat; and in a deep gulley at the foot of White Coom Edge, Annandale: Dr. Walker. — Forfarshire ; Rocks on the left side of Glen Dole, and other parts of the Clova Mountains: Mr. II. C. Watson, in N. B. G. — Inverness-shire ; In Skye ; and on mountains in the Isle of Rum : FI. Scot. — Perthshire; BenLedi; near the summit of Ben Lawers ; Craig Calliach ; and Schroine ach Lochen : N. B. G. In Glen Lyon: Lightfoot. — Ross- shire ; Observed in this county by the Rev. G. Gordon. — Sterlingshire ; On Ben Lomond: N. J. Winch, Esq. — Sutherland ; Ben Hope; and hills near Inch- nadamff : N. B. G. — IRELAND. County of Kerry ; Cliffs near the summit of Brandon Mountain: 1804; Mr. Mackay. Perennial. — Flowers in July and August. Root somewhat woody, tough ; blackish on the outside. Stems simple, from 3 inches to a foot high, upright, round, leafy, striated, cottony. Leaves very various in length and breadth, usually egg- shaped, inclining to heart-shaped ; sometimes strap-spear-shaped, always more or less toothed ; nearly smooth, and of a fine green on the upper side ; white and cottony on the under ; the lower leaves on longish, channelled petioles , upper ones almost sessile. Flowers few, in a terminal, corymbose, or umbellate, tuft, very handsome. Involucrvm (fig. 1.) somewhat downy, its scales tipped with purple or brown. Florets (fig. 2.) pink, with blue anthers. Pappus (see figs. 2 & 3.) as long as the florets, elegantly feathered. This plant is a native of the high mountains of Lapland, Norway, Austria, Switzerland, Silesia, and Siberia. Johnson, the editor of Gerarde’s Herbal, appears to have been the first who dis- covered it in Britain ; he is said to have found it on Snowdon, and some other high mountains in Wales, previous to 1641. It is subject to much variation, especially in the form of the leaves, occasioned, probably, by local accidents. Oh ! — they’re fair ! Most wonderful and lovely are they all, — From our own daisy “ crimson-tipped,” that greets Our English childhood with its lowly look, To the proud giants of the western world, And govgeous denizens of either Ind, Towering in Nature’s majesty and might. And lifting their radiant heads to hail The sun— their monarch — as he burns above. Who docs not love them t From the Parterre. . © • ' J-tl.r<4Gtuf F^O'/risrrur/i - ,0j s^otc/ie'u) Pu&* ly WBcufit* Botanic Garden Qx&rdJS^l. ?fa&H*rs: Sc (474.) RU'SCUS * *. Linnean Class and Order. Dke'cIA f , Tria'ndria +. Natural Order. Smila'cEzE, Dr. R. Brown. — Lindl. Syn. p. 270. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 277. — Loud. Hort. Brit, p. 538. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 286. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 423. — Lilia'cEzE, Loud. Encycl. of Trees and Shrubs, p. 1099. — Asparagines, Rich, by Macgill. p. 402. — Asparagi, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 40. — Sm. Grant, of Bot. p. 71. — Liliales ; sect. Liliacins ; type, SmilacEzE ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 418, 425, & 436. — SarmentacezE, Linn. Gen. Char. Sterile Flower. Calyx inferior, of 3 spreading, egg-shaped sepals. Corolla of 3 spreading petals, smaller than the sepals. Nectary central, egg-shaped, tumid, upright, coloured, undivided, as long as the calyx ; pervious at the summit. Fila- ments none. Anthers 3, spreading, seated on the top of the nectary ; combined at the base. — Fertile Flower (see figs. 1 & 2). Calyx (fig. 2, a.) ; Corolla (fig. 2, 6.) ; Nectary (fig. 2, c.) ; as in the sterile flowers. Anthers none, or imperfect. Germen (fig. 3.) superior, oblong-egg-shaped, concealed in ihe nectary (fig. 4). Style (see fig. 3.) short and thick. Stigma blunt, prominent through the orifice of the nectary (see fig. 2, d). Berry (fig. 5.) superior, globular, succulent, of 3 cells (see fig. 6). Cells 2- (sometimes only 1) seeded. Seeds (fig. 7.) nearly globular, hard. The calyx of 3 sepals; the corolla of 3 petals; the tubular nectary , (combined filaments ?) with or without anthers ; the single style; and the superior, globose berry, with 3, 2-seeded cells; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. RU'SCUS ACULFzA'TUS. Prickly Butcher’s Broom. Common Butcher’s Broom. Knee Holly. Box Holly. Knee Holme. Wild Myrtle. Prickly Pettigree. Knee Hulver. Spec. Char. Stem rigid, branched. Leaves egg-shaped, sharp- pointed, very rigid and pungent, bearing the solitary flower on their upper surface, without a leaflet. Engl. Bot. t. 560. — Woodv. Med. Bot. suppl. t. 237. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1474. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed. ) p. 437.— Willd. Sp. l’l. v. iv. pt. li. p. 874.— Sm. FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 1073.; Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 235. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 92. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 189. — Lindl. Syn. p. 271. ; 2nd edit. p. 270. — Hook Brit FI. p. 434, — Maer. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 234. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit, v. iv. p. 2518. ; fig. 2387. ; Encycl of Trees and Shrubs, p. 1099. fig. 2060. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 22. — llook. FI. Scot. p. 288. — Kelh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 412. — Phil. Sylva FI. v. ii. p. 309. — Kent's Sylvan Sket. p. 61. — FI. Devon, pp. 159 & 129. — Winch’s FI. of Northumbl. and Durh. p. 64. — W’alker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 294. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sam. p. 94. — Irv. Loud. FI. p. 107. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 84. — Cow. FI. Guido, p. 45. — Gulliv. PI. of Banb. p. 20. — Beesley’s Hist, of Banb. p. 590. — Buscus, Ray’s Syn. p. 262. — Johns. Ger. p. 907, with fig. — Bauh. Hist. v. i. p. 579, with fig. ; Bauh. Pin. p. 470. — Butcher's Broom, Petiv. II. Brit. t. 44. f. 4. Fig. 1. A Leaf, with its Flower.— Fig. 2. A Fertile Flower; a, a Sepal ; b, a Fetal ; c. Nectary ; d. Stigma. — Fig. 3. Germen, Style, and Stigma.— Fig. 4. Nectary. — Fig. 5. A Leaf and Ripe Berry. — Fig. 6. Section of a Berry.— Fig.7. A Seed. * Anciently Bruscus from Beuskalen, in Celtic, Box-Holly. See lol. 143, note t. X Sec fol. 40, note •(. Localities. — On bushy heaths, and in woods, especially on a gravelly soil ; not common. — Oxfordshire; Between C'aveisham and Maple Durham. — Berks ; Streatly Wood : H. Woollcosibe, Esq. Bradfield: Hev. Mr. Witts. — Cambridgeshire; Anglesey Abbey. — Cornwall; Lemorna Cove; and St. Martin’s Isle, Scilly. — Devon; Harford Wood, three miles from Sidmouth. Clift’s at Marychureh, and Gockington Wood. — Durham ; Near Cocketton ; and in Cliff Wood. — Hants ; Shore near Portsmouth. Not uncommon about South- ampton. New Forest, near Stony Cross. Stoke, near Gosport (variety laxus). — Kent; Tunbridge Wells. N. and M. Kent. — Norfolk ; Hethel Woods near Norwich. — Suffolk ; Heath near Lowestoft. — Surrey ; Claygate Common ; Coulsdon ; in Norwood ; and on Cockshot Hill, S. E. of the Mill. — Sussex ; About Hastings. Local in W. Sussex. — Yorksh . Near Ripon. — SCOTLA N D. Ayrshire; Skeldon Woods, near Ayr. — Lanarkshire ; In the woods at Botli- well, near Glasgow. — It has not been found in IRELAND. Perennial. — Flowers in March and April. Root thick, fleshy, brown on the outside, white within ; much divided at the crown, and furnished with long fibres which strike deep into the ground. Stems upright, from 1 lo 3 feet high, tough, woody, rigid, much branched, round, green, striated ; not flowering till the second year, after which they die down to the root. Leaves a continuation of the branches, equally firm and durable, with scarcely any petioles ( leafstalks ) , alternate, spreading every way, obliquely twisted, egg-shaped, not an inch long, many-ribbed, each tipped with a sharp point. Flowers small, solitary, near the middle of the upper side of each leaf, apparently sessile, but their stalk is imbedded beneath the outer coat, and runs down to the base of the leaf, from whence it may with ease be dissected. Calyx and Corolla of a yellowish-green. Nectary (fig. 4.) purplish. Berry (fig. 5.) nearly as large as a wild Cherry, scarlet, juicy, and sweet- ish. Seeds (fig. 7.) originally 6, but only 1 or 2 come to perfection ; these are hard, white, and semi-transparent. Instead of a leaflet, of considerable size, which accompanies the flow'er in some species, there is in this a small spine, or bristle, winged at the base, besides 2 or 3 membranous bracteas, on the elongated fruit-stalk. Ruscus laxus of Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. iii. p. 334, is a variety of this with more extended and wavy branches, and the leaves rather elliptical than egg-shaped, and tapering at the base. Sm. Engl. FI. Buscus aculeatus is an evergreen, somewhat shrubby, plant, smooth in every part. It is a native of Europe, but not of the more northern pails. It is also found in Asia and Africa. The green shoots are cut, bound into bundles, and sold to the butchers for sweeping their blocks. Huxters place the boughs round their bacon and cheese to defend them from mice, the prickly leaves being im- penetrable. It is also used, in London, by the manufacturers of cigars, Ac., for sprinkling the saline liquor over the tobacco leaves. The tender young shoots, in Spring, are sometimes gathered and eaten by the poor like those of Asparagus ; and the branches, with the ripe fruit on them, were formerly stuck up in sand, with the stalks of the common pseony fPaonia corallina, t. 217,^1 and the wild Iris ( I'ris feetidissima J , full of their ripe seeds, which, altogether, matle a show in rooms during Winter. The root has a bitterish taste, and was formerly much used in medicine as an aperient and diuretic, particularly in cases of dropsy. — See Loud. Arb. et Frutic, Brit. The Natural Order Smila'oe.e is composed of monocotyledonous herbaceous plants or under-shrubs. Their leaves have parallel veins. 1 \\eu flowers are either perfect or dioecious, inferior, pataloid, 6-parted, and regular ; with 3, 6, or 8 stamens, inserted into the segments near their base, seldom hypogynous. Their ovary is free, 3- or 4-celled ; and the cells I-, 2-, or many-seeded. The style is single, with a simple, or 3-lobed stigma. The fruit is a roundish berry ; and the seeds have a membranous testa, and horny albumen. — The British genera are, Buscus, t. 474 ,—Convallaria, t. 78.— and Paris, t. 6. . ) . ■ ■ ! ■ 1 . (475.) . . 4 PHYSOSPE'RMUM* *. Linnean Class and Order. Pf.nta'ndria f, Digy'.nia. Natural Order. Umbelli'fer.e +, Juss. Gen. PL p. 218. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lindl. Syn. p. 111.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 517. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p.235. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 113. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.)p.408. — Umbellat.e, Linn. — Rosales; sect. Angelicinje ; type, Smyrniacee; subtype, Scandicid^e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 770, 780, and 781. Gen. Char. Calyx (see fig. 2.) of 5 small, pointed, upright, permanent teeth ; broad at the base. Corolla (see fig. 1.) of 5 in- versely egg-shaped, somewhat emarginate, inflexed petals. Fila- ments (see fig. t.) 5, thread -shaped, spreading, shorter than the corolla. Anthers roundish. Germen (see fig. 2.) oblong, blunt, moderately compressed, furrowed. Styles in the flower scarcely longer than the calyx, upright, angular, tumid at the base ; sub- sequently a little elongated, spreading, permanent. Stigmas, simple. Fruit (fig. 3.) unarmed, contracted at the side, double. Carpels roundish, uniform, each with 5 indistinct ribs, and single v it tee between them. Seed involute, lunate. Universal and partial Involucrum of many leaves. Flowers white. The 5-toothed calyx ; the inversely egg-shaped, somewhat emar- ginate, inflexed petals ; the unarmed, double fruit, contracted at the side ; the roundish, uniform carpels , each with 5 indistinct ribs, of which the lateral ones are placed within the margin ; and the interstices with single vittce ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. PHYSOSPE'RMUM CORNUBIE'NSE. Cornish Bladder-seed. Cornish Lovage. Cornwall Saxifrage. Spec. Char. Lower leaves twice or thrice ternate, smooth; leaflets wedge-spear-shaped, deeply toothed; uppermost leaves reduced to the sheaths, each sheath bearing three strap-shaped, nearly entire leaflets. Physospe’rmcm coksubie'nse, De Cand. Prod. v. iv. p. 246. — Ilook. Brit. Ft. p. 133. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Card, and Bot. v. iii. p. 3S0. — Maer. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 107. — Physospermurn commutdtum, Spreng. Umbell. Spec. p. 22. t. 4. f. 8., exclusive of many synonymes. — Lindl. Syn. p. 126. — Da/iua aquileyifolia. Lag. Am. Nat. v. ii. p. 1)7 ! ex. synonyme of Spreng. — Pseu dospe rm u rn commu- tdtum, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 517. — Cigusticum cornubiense, Linn. Sp. PL p. 359 ; Amen. Acad. v. iv. p. 310. — Huds. Ft. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 1 18. — Engl. Bot. t. 683. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. II. p. 1426. — Sm. Ft. Brit. v. i. p. 310.; Ic. l'ict. Plant. Rar. t. 11.; Engl. Ft. v. ii. p. 82. — Prod. Ft. Graeo. v. i. p. 193. — With. (7th ed. ) p. 376. — Irv. Loud. FI. p. 233. — Smyrnium tenufulium nostras , Ray’s Hist. v. iii. p. 254. — Dill, in Ray’s Syn. p. 209. t. 8. — Cornwall Saxifrage, Pet. H. Brit. t. 26. f. 9. Fig. 1. A Flower — Fig. 2 Germen and Styles. — Fig. 3. Fruit. — Fig. 4. Traus- verse section of ditto. — Figs. 1 and 4 magnified. * From physa, Gr. a bladder ; and sperma, Gr. a seed. ■f See fol. 48, note -(•. t See fol. 235, a. Localities. — In bushy fields ; extremely rare. — Co r nw all ; First found by Mr. Stevens, in the time of Dillenius; after which it remained for half a century unobserved. In (treat plenty in a field more than a mile north of Bod- min, which had then (1788) been ploughed, after having lain fallow for ages: Mr. Pennington. In a wheat-field, and in an adjoining coppice called ftlarget, or Margaret, Wood, about three furlongs from the Bodmin Turnpike, that leads to Launceston; (1789): Sir T. Cullum. In a field about half a mile furiher from Bodmin, [than Mr. Pennington’s station for it,] on ground sloping into a valley facing to the west, and nearly at the bottom of the slope: June, 1793 ; Dr. Withering. “ Shown to Mr. Sowerby and me in fields about half a mile north of Bodmin by Dr. Hall, plentifully :” D. Turner, Esq. (1799 1) in B. G. Plentifully at Hungeiill, in the parish of Cardynham, near Bodmin, on the sloping side of a barren hill : Mr. Stackhouse. In a wood, and corn-field at Cardynham Parsonage ; and in Draw-wood, Bradoc : Mr. Forster, jun. Very abundant two miles north-west of Bodmin, on Hare Down, half a mile above Dunmere River : Rev. J. P. Jones, in Bot. Tour. p. 37. Abundant in Oak Coppices, and adjacent fields and hedges, near Bodmin: Mr. H. C. Watson, in N. B. G, Perennial. — Flowers in July. Root spindle-shaped, descending deep into the ground. Stem from IS inches to 2 feet high, solitary, upright, round, striated, smooth ; panicled above, purplish at the base. Leaves mostly radical, on long petioles, thrice ternate ; leaflets wedge-shaped, cut and laciniated, or deeply 3-parted, the segments pointed, smooth, or minutely downy on the veins and margins. Stem-leaves few, of 3 strap-spear-shaped, pointed, entire leaflets ; the uppermost of all often simple. Umbels terminal, upright, of several universal as well as partial, smooth, angular rays. Universal involucrum of from 4 to 8, spear-shaped, or somewhat egg-shaped, pointed leaves, much shorter than the rays ; partial ones similar, equal to the partial1 rays. Cahjx evident. Petals white, very slightly irregular in the outermost flowers only, inversely egg-shaped, or inversely heart-shaped, with an incurved point. Anthers yellow. Germen egg-oblong, laterally compressed, furrowed. Styles tumid, and almost globular at the base ; at first upright, afterwards spreading, and finally horizontal, permanent. Stigmas bluntish. Fruit almost globose, laterally compressed, and contracted between the carpels, so that the fruit is double. Carpels roundish, with 5 ribs and 4 broad, brown viltce ; the coat erustaceous, and so loose that the seed is quite free within ; a transverse section of this seed is crescent-shaped. — The root discharges a yellow resinous juice when wounded. See Sir J. W. Hooker’s Brit. FI. This rare and very local plant has never been found in any other part of Britain than about Bodmin, though it is said to-be not un- frequent in the south of Europe, and in Greece. Dr. Withering says, that cattle are so fond of the plant that they eat it down to the ground wherever they can get at it ; so that it is usually found only in places where it is so protected by thorns and briers as to be inaccessible to them. The drawing for the accompanying plate was made from a speci- men gathered near Bodmin by Dawson Turner, Esq. in 1799, and deposited in the Sherardian Herbarium at the Oxford Garden. ■ 4-7° Math £%ct- 7eu.JsM.Dtl. -’ui ^ fy WBajelb-BcTamc Garden (47©.) ROTTBO'LLIA * * JAnnean Class and Order . Tria'ndria f , Digy'nia. Natural Order. Grami'neje, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 28. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 86.; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 71. — Lindl. Syn. p. 293.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 292. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 393. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 542. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 294. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 426. — Gramina, Linn. — Gramina'les ; sect. Triti- cinas; type, Hordea'ce.e ; Burn. Out!, of Bot. v. i. pp. 359, and 362. Gen. Char. Common Receptacle { rachis ) , or main stalk, many-flowered, elongated, jointed, finally separable, with a channel in each joint (see fig. 3.), alternately disposed, to receive the spike- lets (see fig. 1.), which are mostly 1-flowered, seldom 2-fiowered. Calyx of 2 glumes, unilateral, and sometimes combined into one, longer than the corolla. Corolla of 2 spear-shaped, pointed, mem- branous, nearly equal, pale®, indexed at the edges. Nectary of 2 acute scales. Filaments (see fig. 1.) 3, hair-like. Anthers pen- dulous, cloven at each end. Germen (see fig. 2.) oblong, bluntish. Styles 2, short. Stigmas (see fig. 2.) widely spreading, feathery. Seed elliptic-oblong, shut up in the cavity of each joint of the rachis, by the closed glumes, and falling off with it. The 1- or 2-flowered spikelets, imbedded in the rachis ; and the calyx of 2 parallel, sometimes combined, awnless glumes ; will dis- tinguish this from other genera, with the inflorescence in 2-sided spikes, in the same class and order. One species British. ROTTBO'LLIA INCURVA'TA. Bent Rottbollia. Sea Hard- grass. Snake-tail. Spec. Char. Spikes cylindrical, awl-shaped. Glumes com- bined below. Floret solitary. Corolla awnless. Engl. Bot. t. 760. — FI. Graec. v. i. p. 72. t. 91. — Knapp’s Gram. Brit. t. 103. — Host. Gram. Austr. v. i. p. 18. t. 23. — FI. Dan. t. 938. — Cavan. 1c. v. iii. p. 7. t. 213. — Linn. Suppt. p. 114. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. I. p. 463. — Sm. FI. Brit. v.i. p. 151.; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 175.— With. (7th cd.) v. ii. p. 201.— Hook. Brit. FL p. 56. — Schrad. FI. Germ. v. i. p. 410. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 13. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 49. — Hook. F). Scot. p. 46. — Grcv. FI. Edin. p. 33. — Rev. G. E. Smith’s PI. of S. Kent, p. 8. — FI. Devon, pp. 24 St 121. — Winch’s FI. of Norlhumbl. and Durh. p. 8. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 102. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 116. — Mack. Catal. of PI. of Irel. p. 16. ; FI. Hibern. p. 317. — Ophiurus incurvatus, Beauv. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 87. — Lindl. Syn. p. 295. — Lepturus incurvatus, Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 277. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sam. p. 116. — JEgilops incurvata, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1490. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. ii. p. 632. — Gramen parvum marinum, spied loliaceu, John. Ger. p. 30*. n. 8. — Ray’s Syn. p. 395. — Gramen loliaceum rnaritimum, spicis gracilibus articulatis recurvis, Moris, v. iii. p. 182. sect. 8. t. 2. f. 8 . — Gramen loliaceum rnaritimum, scorpioides, Skerardi, Scheuchz. Agr. p. 42. t. 2. f. 1. a. b. Fig. 1. A Spikelet; a, (on the left-hand side,) the two, combined. Glumes; b, and a, (on the right-hand side,) the two Paleae. — Fig. 2. Germen, Styles, and Stigmas. —Fig. 3. A joint of the Rachis, showing the cavity in which the spikelet is embedded before and after it has flowered. * So named by the younger Linnievs, In memory of Christian Fries Rott- eoell, a Professor of Botany at Copenhagen. f See fol. 36, note rj\ T.ocaiities.— On the sea-roast, in salt marshes, in various places. — Com* bridgeshire ; Wisbeach, by the river-side, neara public house called the Anchor: Rev. R. Rf.liian. — Cornwall ; In the Vale of Menaehan : N. B. G. — Devon ; Exmouth; Parsonage Style, Lympstone: FI. Devon. — Dorsetshire; In the waste ground at the back of the Promenade, near Weymouth. On the Chesil Beach between the Ferry and Portland ; and on the Cliff between Weymouth and l.andsford Castle : Rev. A. Bloxam. — Durham; In Seaton Pasture: Mr. Backhouse. In the salt marshes of Tyne, Wear, and Tees: N. J. Winch, Esq. — Essex; Walton Marshes: Mag. Nat. Hist. — Gloucestershire ; Salt Marsh, below King’s Weston, near Bristol: Or. Stokes. River-side: N. B. G. Frequent by the side of the Avon under Cook’s Folly ; also at Sea Mills: T. B. Flow in, Esq. — Kent ; Upon the shore, and in dry salt marshes at Dimchurch ; upon the shore, Folkstone West: Rev. (j. E. Smith. Thames, by Gravesend; Marshes about Northfleet ; and in the Marshes by the Medway, between Cuxton and Rochester: Mr. A. Ihving. — Lancashire ; North Shore, by Bank Hall, near Liverpool: Dr. Bostock. — Lincolnshire ; Near Friestone: 1826; Dr. Howitt, in N. B. G. — Norfolk ; Yarmouth Denes: J. Paget. Breydon Bank; and in sandy ground by the river; not uncommon: Hist. Yar. At Sheringham : Rev. Dr. Goodenough. — Northumberland ; In the salt marshes of Tyne : N. J. Winch, Esq — Somersetshire; At Burnham; Berrow ; and Steait: N.B. G. — Suffolk ; At the head of Lowestoft Broad : Mr. Woodwaud. — Sussex ; On the sands just above high-water mark near Shoreham : J. D. Salmon, in Phyt. — Yorkshire ; Upon banks in the salt marshes at Coatham. Boghall, near Whitby : Mr. H. Baines. Humber Bank, near Hull : Aug. 1841; J. 11. Thompson, Esq., Magdalen Hall. — WALES. Anylesea ; Between Friars and Penmoti, just above the beach ; Ccmlyn and Dulas Bays : Rev. H. Davies. — Denbighshire ; Near the coast, E. and W. of Rhyddlan : N. B. G. — Flint- shire ; Near the coast both E. and W. of Rhyddlan : N. B. G. — SCO TLAND. Edinburghshire; Musselburg Links : N.B. G. — Fifeshire ; Ballast-heaps, St. David’s, probably introduced : N. B G. — Haddintonshire ; Salt marshes near Aberlady Bay: G. Don. — Kirkcudbright; Arbigland in Galloway : Rev. J. Lie h i foot. — Linlithgowshire ; Shore of the Forth, some miles westward of Queensferry: Mr. Gentle, in N. B. G. — IRELAND. Near Irishtown; Port- marnock ; banks of the river Lee, below Cork ; South Isles of Arran, and other places, abundant: Mr. Mackay. Annual. — Flowers in July and August. Root fibrous. Culms branched, numerous, procumbent at the base, from 2 to 8 inches high, round, smooth, jointed, leafy. Leaves spreading, strap-shaped, short, pointed, single-ribbed, striated, rough on the upper surface, and at the edges. Sheaths slightly tumid, striated, smooth. Stipula (ligula) short and blunt. Spikes terminal, solitary, from 1 to nearly 3 inches long, more or less incurved, cylindrical, smooth. Spihelets (fig. 1.) so closely ad- pressed into the alternate hollows of the rachis, except when in flower, as to make the spike appear like a continuation of the culm. (llumes (see fig. 1. left-hand a.) more or less combined, strap-spear- shaped, striated, green, their margins white and membranous. Pulcce (see fig. 1 , b. and right-hand a.) whitish, membranous, in- curved at the edges, nearly as long as the glumes, and, like them, awnless. It is sometimes drawn up weak by growing among other grasses, the culms are then more slender and upright, and the spikes nearly straight. In this state it is the Rotlbollia filiformis of Mr. G. Don, and some other authors. It is found at Aberlady, in Scotland ; and near Dublin, in Ireland ; and it is thought it may probably be the more common variety in the south and east of England, as at Gravesend, &c. For the specimen figured I am indebted to the kindness of J. II. Thompson, Esq. of Magdalen Hall, Oxford. ■ , . - ■ . -* m W' • F 'Sf&u ns// -/c Pub *by WBaxtrrBolvnuCar'ltn Cjefgrcl ]Sl i (477.) CYNOGLO'SSUM * *. Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Boragi'nea5 Juss. Gen. PI. p. 128. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 102. — Lind I. Syn. p. 163.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 241. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 440. — Loud. Hort. Brit, p. 527. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Card, and Bot. v. iv. p. 306. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 167.— Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 413.— Aspkrifo- LiiE, Linn. — Sm. Engl FI. v. i. p.247. — Syringales; subord. Primulos.4? ; sect. Solanina; ; type, Boraginacea: ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 900, 958, 982 & 1005. Gen. Char. Calyx (see figs. 1 & 6.) inferior, of 1 sepal, in 5 deep, oblong, slightly pointed segments, permanent. Corolla (fig. 2 & 4.) of 1 petal, funnel-shaped, scarcely longer than the calyx ; tube cylindrical, shorter than the limb, which is divided half-way down into 5 rounded segments (see fig. 4.) ; mouth about half closed with as many convex, horizontal valves. Filaments (see fig. 4.) 5, in the throat of the corolla, lower than the valves, and alternate with them. Anthers roundish. Germens (see fig. 5.) 4, depressed, horizontal. Style (see fig. 5.) central, awl-shaped, almost as long as the tube of the corolla, permanent (see fig. 6). Stigma small, notched. Nuts ( seeds, Sm.J (see figs. 3, 7, & 8.) 4, 1-celled, depressed, roundish. Imperforate at the base, more or less rough with hooked prickles, sometimes bordered, all attached horizontally to a central columnar receptacle, formed of the hardened permanent, angular style (see fig. 6). The 5-cleft calyx ; the monopetalous, inferior, short, funnel- shaped corolla , its mouth half closed with rounded valves ; and the 4 depressed, imperforate nuts, fixed to the style, or central column ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Two species British. CYNOGLO'SSUM OFFICINA'LE. Common Hound’s-tongue. Great Hound’s-tongue. Dog's-tongue. Spec. Char. Stem upright. Stem-leaves broadly spear-shaped, sessile, downy. Flowers without bracteas. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Engl. Bot. t. 921. -Curt. FI. Lond. t. 249.— FI. Dan. t. 1147.— Woodv. Med. Bot. Suppl. t. 216. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 192. — Iluds FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. SO. a. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. It. p. 760, a. — Sin. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 216. : Engl. FI. v. i. p. 260. — With. (7th cd.) v. ii. p. 281. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 349. — Lindl. Syn. p. 166. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 87. — Maer. Man. Brit Bot. p. 163. — Don's Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iv. p. 354. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 133. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. Fig. 1. Calyx. —Figs. 2 & 4 Corolla. — Fig. 5. Germen, Style, and Stigma. — Fig. 3. The four Nuts. — Fig. 6, Calyx and Receptacle, after the nuts are detached. — Figs. 7 & 8. Two separate Nuts. — Fig. 9. Transverse section of a Nut. — Fig. 10. Ditto, with the seed taken out. — Fig. 11. A Seed. — Fig. 12. The Embryo. — Fig. 13. One of the Prickles of the Nut. — Figs. 9 to 13, more or less magnified. * From kyon kunos, Gr. a dug ; and glossa , Gr. a tongue ; from the shape of the leaves of many of the species. •)- Sec fol. 48, note f. } Sec fol. 102, a. p. 69.— Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 41.— Thomps. PI. of Berw. p. 22.— Davies' Welsh Bot. p. 20. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 109.— Relh FI. Cant. (3rd edit.) p. 81.— Hook. FI. Scot. p. 69.— Grev. FI. Edin. p 45. — FI. Devon, pp. 34 & 151. — Johnst. FI. Berw. v. i. p. 53. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 12.— Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 49.— Murr. North. FI. p. 120.— Bab. FI. Bath. p. 33.; Prim. FI. Sam. p, 63 — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 137.— I.uxf. Reig FI. p. 17.— Baines’ FI. of Yorksli. p. 67.— Leighl. FI Shvopsh p. 100.— Gull. PI of Banb. p. 5.— Beesl. Hist, of Banb. p. 584. — Mack. Catal PI. of Irel. p. 21. ; FI. Hibern. p. 171. — Cynoglossum, Ray’s Syn. p. 226. — Cynoglossum mnjus vulgare, Bauh Pin. p. 257. — Johns. Ger. p. 804. with a figure. — Park. Theatr. Bot. p. 511, with a figure. Localities. — In waste ground, and by road-sides; more or less common in most counties in ENGLAND ; more rare in SCOTLAND. Biennial. — Flowers in May and June. Root fleshy, tapering, as thick as the finger or thumb, and from 6 inches to a foot or more long, blackish on the outside, whitish within, Stem 2 or 3 feet high, upright, branched, very leafy, furrowed, downy. Root-leaves 8 or 10 inches long, and 4 or 5 broad, nearly elliptical, on long petioles; stem-leaves much smaller, lower ones strap-spear-shaped, tapering at the base ; upper ones sessile, wavy, spear-shaped, broadest at the base, all entire, with a strong mid-rib, and several lateral veins, and clothed on both sides with a silky down, which gives them a greyish colour. Clusters of flowers ( racemes ) terminating the. stem and branches, hoary and downy. Flowers small, on short, downy, partial stalks, which are a little elongated after flowering, and all turned to one side. Bracteas none. Segments of the Calyx oblong, eonnivent. Corolla of a dull crimson, its valves purplish. Nuts ( carpels, Don, seeds, LiNN.y (see tigs. 7 to 10.) egg-shaped, depressed, densely clothed with curiously barbed prickles, which are broad at tbe base, and taper upwards (see fig. 13). Seeds (see fig. 11.) single, smooth, somewhat egg-shaped, pointed. The whole herb is downy, and very soft to the touch, of a dull green colour, with a disagreeable smell, like most of the species, much resembling that of mice. It is a native of Asia, Africa, and North America, as well as of Europe, in waste places, and by way-sides and margins of fields, and particularly near towns. It is reported to be deleterious, and the dingy lurid appearance of its leaves, peculiar to poisonous herbs of the narcotic kind, seems to favour ihe opinion ; nor are facts wanting to confirm it. Morison, in his Historia Plant. Oxon. v. iii. p. 450, relates that a whole family at Oxford, who, by mistake, eat the boiled leaves of this plant for those of Comfiey ( Symphytum officinale, t 101.), were soon afterwards all seized with vomiting, stupor, sleepiness, & c., which symptoms continued alternately for almost forty hours, and with such severity, that one person died. Ray, however, says that Dr. Hulse frequently used a decoction of the roots for internal use, and at the same time applied them out- wardly as a poultice to scrophulous tumours with safety and advantage; hence it appears that this part of the plant at least cannot be considered as an active poison. Jt is now discarded from common practice. Ligiitfoot says, that no quaJruped except the goat will eat this plant; and we are told by I\I. Borfux, that if it is gathered when in full vigour, bruised with a hammer, and laid in any place frequented by rats and mice, they will immediately forsake the premises. The Caterpiller of the Scarlet Tyger Moth ( Phalcena Dominula, Linn. ; Callimorpha Dominula, Li ach), feeds on this plant. It is sometimes found with a while flower. . , • > .• * ad'i , / (4* *8.) ECFIINO'PHORA * tjinnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Umbelli'fer.'e +, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 218. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lindl. Syn. p. 111.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463- — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 515. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 235. — Mack. Pi. Hibern. p. 113. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p.408. — Umbellate, Linn. — Rosales; sect. Angelicinte ; type, Smyrniacea;; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 770, and 780. Gen. Char. Flowers separated ; those of the circumference numerous, sterile (see fig. 6.) ; the outermost (see fg. 3 ) irregular, often neuter ; central (see fig. 2.) solitary, fertile. Calyx (see figs. 2 & 5.) superior, of 5, nearly equal, spinous-pointed, rigid, perma- nent teeth. Petals in the outermost flowers (see figs. 3 & 4.) un- equal, each unequally heart-shaped, from the strong inflexion of the jagged point (see fig. 4.) ; in the rest of the barren ones equal inflexed (see fig. 6.) ; in the central one (fig. 2.) wanting. Fila- ments (see fig. 6.) 5, in the flowers of the circumference only, longer than the petals, thread-shaped, indexed, equal. Anthers of 2 roundish lobes. Gennen (see fig. 5.) inferior, turbinate, in the flower of the circumference abortive; in the central one (fig. 2.) imbedded in the base of the flower. Styles upright, somewhat unequal ; in the central flower (fig. 2.) longest, awl-shaped, a little recurved, permanent. Stigmas blunt. Fruit (see figs. 7 & 8.) egg-shaped, nearly round, inclosed in a hollow receptacle, furnished with a short protruded beak. Carpels with 5 depressed, equal, undulated ribs. Interstices with single villa, which are covered by a cobwedded membrane. Universal and partial involucrums constantly of many leaves. The 5-toothed calyx; the emarginate petals with an indexed point, the outer ones larger and bifid ; the elongated, filiform styles of the fertile flowers ; the egg-shaped fruit, inclosed in a hoilow receptacle, with a short protruded beak ; the carpels with 5 waved, equal, depressed ribs ; and the interstices with single vittae, which are covered with a cobwebbed membrane ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. ECHINO'PHORA SPINO'SA. Spinous Sea-parsnip. Prickly Samphire. Spec. Char. Plant glaucous, finely downy. Leaves bipinna- tifid ; segments awl-shaped, entire, stiff, spinous-pointed. Involucral leaves entire, spinous. Fig. 1. Universal Involucrum. — Fig. 2. A Fertile Flower. — Fig. 3. A neutral one. — Fig. 4. A Petal of ditto. — Fig. 5. Germen and Calyx. — Fig. 6. A Sterile Flower. — Fig. 7. A Fruit, enclosed in the ripened involucellum. — Fig. 8. The same, with the involucellum opened. * From echinos, Gr. a hedge-hog ; and phero, Gr. to bear ; in allusion to the strong stiff spines of the involucrum. f See fol. 48, note -|\ ; See fol. 235, a. Engl. Bot. t. 2413. — FI. Graee. v. iii. p. 58. 1. 265. — Cavan. In. v. ii. p. 24. t. 127. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 344. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 114. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. II. p. 1379. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 293. ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 37. — With. (2nd ed. ) v. i. p. 268. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 510. — Lindl. Syn. p. 126. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 135. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 106.— Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iil. p. 371. — Irv. Lqnd. FI. p 233. — Echinophora maritima spinosa, Tourn. Inst. p. 656. — Dill, in Ray’s Syn. p. 220. — Blaekst. Sp. Bot. p. 18. — Crithmum spinosum, Johns. Ger. p. 533. fig. 2. — Kay’s Syn. (2nd ed. ) p. 114. — Pastinaca marina , Baub. Hist. v. iii. pt. n. p. 196, with a figure. — Park. Theatr. Bot p. 1286. f. 3. Localities. — On sandy sea-shores. — Dorsetshire; Near Weymouth ; on the Chesil Beach between the Ferry and Portland; and on the cliff between Wey- mouth and Landsford Castle : Aug. 1837 ; Rev. A. Bloxam . — Kent ; " Between Feversham and Sea-Salter: Blackstone. Near Sandwich : Gerarde. In both these places I have sought for it in vain:” L. W. Dillwyn, in Botanist's Guide. Gerarde also says it grows between Whitstable and the Isle of Thanet. — Lancashire; At Roosebeck Low Furness : Ray. Mr. Woodward could not find it there. Perennial. — Flowers in July. Root spindle-shaped, long and fleshy. Stem upright, from 6 inches to a foot high, glaucous, furrowed, finely downy, and very much branched, branches spreading in every direction. Leaves rigid, alternate or opposite, doubly pinnatifid, their segments narrow, channelled, entire, stiff, and spinous-pointed. Umbels terminal, large, of several partial umbels. Universal Involucrum (see fig. 1 .) of many undivided leaves, about as long as the stalks of the uni- versal umbel; partial involucrums of several, much smaller leaves, which finally become confluent with the receptacle and with each other. Flowers white, or pale flesh-coloured, numerous ; those in the margin radiant, and sometimes neuter (see fig. 3.) Fruit (see fig. 8.) egg-shaped, encompassed with the spreading hardened, partial involucrum, and crowned with the thickened stalks and permanent calyx of the faded sterile flowers. — There are rudiments of 2 seeds, though only one comes to perfection. See Smith's Engl. FI- The roots are reported to be eatable, having the flavour of Parsnep, with a stimulating and diuretic quality ; and it is also said that the young leaves afford a very wholesome and excellent pickle. It is a native of the sea-coast of Europe, especially in the Mediterranean Sea. From its not having, for many years, been found in the localities recorded for it by Gerarde, Ray, and Blackstone, it was thought to be extinct in Britain, until the Rev. Andrew Bloxam, M. A. of Rugby, in Warwickshire, dis- covered it on the coast of Dorset, in 1837, as stated above. The drawing for the annexed plate was made from a specimen preserved in the Sherardian Herbarium in the Oxford Garden. (479.) A'CINOS * *. Linnean Class and Order. Didyna'mia f, Gymnospe'rmia Natural Order. Labia't.t§, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 110. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 99. ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 63. — Bentham, in Bot. Regist. (1829.) — Lindl. Syn. p. 196. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 239. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 439. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 528. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iv. p. 665. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 209. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 415. — Verticillatai: of Linnaeus ■ — Syringales ; suborder, Primulosas; sect. Menthina:; type, Menthace.e or Labiat.e; subtype, Saturid.e; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. p. 900, 958, 968, & 972. Gen. Char. Whorls few-flowered. Calyx (tig. 1.) of 1 sepal, tubular, 13-ribbed, gibbous at the base below, 2-lipped, closed at the throat with converging hairs; upper lip broadish, flattish, with 3 sharp teeth ; lower lip of 2 longer, equal, narrow, awl-shaped teeth. Corolla (fig. 2.) of 1 petal, ringent ; tube as long as the calyx ; throat short, but little dilated ; upper lip shortest, flat, erect, blunt, with a small notch ; lower lip longer and broader, spread- ing, in 3 deep blunt lobes, the middle lobe the broadest, slightly emarginate. Filaments (see fig. 3.) 4, didynamous, shorter than the corolla, slender, incurved. Anthers distinctly 2-lobed. Germen (see fig. 4.) 4-cleft. Style thread-shaped. Stigma in 2 acute segments. Seeds (see fig. 5.) 4, small, roundish, in the bottom of the closed calyx. The few-flowered whorls ; the 2-lipped, 13-ribbed, tubular calyx, gibbous at the base below, with 5 unequal teeth, and a hairy throat ; and the corolla with the upper lip nearly flat, and the lower one 3-lobed, with the middle lobe nearly entire ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. It differs from Thymus (t. 127.) in the stamens being ascending and incurved, not distant ; and from that and Calaminlha in the gibbous base of the calyx. One species British. A'CINOS VULGA'RIS. Common Basil-Thyme. Small Wild Basil. Basil Balm. Stone Basil. Spec. Char. Stems ascending, branched. Leaves on short petioles, egg-shaped, acute, slightly serrated, more or less ciliated at the base. Flowers about 6 in a whorl, on simple stalks. Pers. Syn. PI. v. ii. p. 131. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 383. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 279. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 40. — Irv. Lond FI. p. 134. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 52. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 289. — A'cinos Thymoides, Moench. Meth. p. 407. — A'cinos multis, Ray’s Syn. p. 238. — Bauh. Hist. v. iii. pt. ii. p. 259. f. — Melissa Acinos, Benth. Lab. p. 389. — Lindl. Syn. (2nd ed.) p. 201. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Fig. 3. Stamens and Pistil. — Fig. 4. Germen, Style, and Stigma. — Fig. 5. A Seed. — All, more or less, magnified. * From akinos, the Greek name of a balsamic plant now unknown. Don. •f See fol. 31, n. t. f See fol. 31, n. t. $ See fol. 86, a. k 94. a. p. 182. — Don's Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iv. p. 782.— Bab. Prim. I1!. Sart. P- »-• — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 50. — Beesley’s Hist. of Banb. p. 586. — Thymus Acinost Linn Sp. PI. p. 826.— Engl. Bot. t. 411.— Curt. FI. Lond. t. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 263. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. x. p. 142. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 641 ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 109.— With. (7th edit.) v. iii. p. 721.— Lindl. Syn. p. 205.— Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 319.— Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 189.— Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 132.— Purt. Midi. FI. V. i. p. 280.— Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd edit.) p. 246.— Hook. FI. Scot, p. 185. — Rev G. E. Smith’s PI. of S. Kent, p. 32. — FI. Devon, pp. 101 & 146. — "Winch's FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 40. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 171. — Perry’s PI. Varvic. Sel. p. 50. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 84. — Gulliv. PI. of Banb. p. 12. — Otymum sylvestre , Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 675. f. 1. — (Jlinopodium minus , sive vulyare, Park. Theatr. Bot. p. 21. f. 1.— Small Wild Basil, Pet. H. Brit, t. 32. f. 10. Localities. — On dry bills, waste places, and in cultivated fields, especially on a sandy, gravelly, or chalky soil. Not uncommon in ENGLAND and WALES; more rare in SCOTLAND ; not found in IRELAND ! Annual. — Flowers in July and August. Root small, somewhat woody, fibrous. Stems from 6 inches to a foot long, spreading, ascending, oppositely branched from the base, bluntly 4-angled, clothed, all over, with short, soft, white, recurved hairs, which are most dense on two opposite sides, alter- nating between the joints. Leaves opposite, on short winged petioles, egg-shaped, acute, the upper ones somewhat approaching to spatulate, all bluntly serrated above the middle, their margins slightly revolute, and more or less ciliated ; dark green, and slightly hairy above, paler beneath, with hairy veins, and very minute, mealy glands. Flowers on short, simple, hairy pedicels, in distant, axillary, 6- to 8-flowered whorls, with very minute ciliated bracleas at their base. Calyx (fig. 1.) tubular, protuberant at the base on the under side, covered with very minute, resinous glands ; 13- ribbed, the ribs with a single row of short, white, slightly incurved bristles ; 2-lipped, the segments unequal, 3 upper ones shortest, triangular, recurved ; 2 lower ones awl-shaped, straighter or in- curved, all fringed on the margins ; mouth closed with an append- age of long white hairs, which also appear on the interior surface of the 3 upper segments, whilst that of the 2 lower ones is smooth. Corolla (fig. 2.) hairy, bluish-purple, upper lip short, blunt, emar- ginate; lower lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes rounded, entire, central one broader, with a shallow notch, and a roundish, dark-purple spot in front near the base ; throat white, with short, thick, white hairs within on the lower side. Seeds oblong, 3-sided, smooth. It is sometimes found with white flowers. Acinos vulgaris is a native of other parts of Europe besides Britain, as Sweden, Portugal, Naples, Greece, about Petersburgh, and of the Caucasus. The whole plant has a pleasant aromatic smell, but commonly much weaker than in Thymus Serpyllum, t. 127. (480.) ARRHENATHE'RUM * *. Linnean Class and Order. TRiA'NDRiAf, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Grami'ne.e, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 28. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 86. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 71. — Lindl. Syn. p. 293. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 292. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 393. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 542. — Mack. FI. Hibem. p. 294. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 426. — Gramina, Linn. — Graminales; sect. Ff.s- tucin* ; type, Avenace.e; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 359 and 369. Ge.w Char. Inflorescence panicled. Panicle loose. Spikelets (see fig. 1.) 2-flowered ; upper floret perfect, lower with stamens only. Calyx (fig. 2.) of 2 unequal, awnless glumes, shorter than the paleae, 2-flowered. Corolla (fig. 3.) of 2 unequal palese, the larger emarginate, of the staminiferous floret, with a twisted awn above the base; of the perfect floret (see fig. 3.) with a short, straight bristle below the point ; the smaller narrower, and awnless. Nectary (fig. 4.) a cloven, smooth, membranous scale. Filaments (see fig. 3.) 3 in each floret. Anthers notched at each end. Styles (see fig. 5.) short, widely spreading. Stigmas (see fig. 5.) large, feathery. Seed (fig. 7.) coated with the hardened, permanent corolla (see fig. 6). The loose panicle ; the 2-flowered calyx, of 2 unequal glumes ; the lowermost floret with stamens only, and a long twisted awn above the base, and the upper one perfect with a short, straight bristle below the point ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. ARRHENATHE'RUM AVENA'CEUM. Common Oat-like Dog -grass. Oat-like Soft-grass. Spec. Char. Arriienathr'rt.m avena'cecm, Beauvois. — Lindl. Syn. p. 305. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 38. — Macr. Man. Brit Bot. p. 267. —Bab. Prim. FI. Sam. p. 108. — Dick. Ft. Abred. p. 23. — Irv. Loud Ft. p. 97. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 8 — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 61. — Beesley’s Hist, of Banb. p. 591. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 302.— Arrhenathe rum elatius, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 132. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 57. — Holcus avenacens, Engl. Bot. t 813. — Knapp’s Gram. Brit. t. 39. — Greaves’ Brit. Grasses, t. 48. — Sm. Ft. Brit. v. i. p. 90. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 108. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 40. — Thomps. PI. of Berw. p. 10. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 9. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 28. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 18. — Sincl. Hort. Gram. Wob. (3rd edit.) p. 169. with a plate. — FI. Devon, pp. 13 & 122. — Johnst. FI. Berw. v i. p 22. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 6. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 21. — Cow. FI. Guide, p 34. — Baines’ FI. ofYorksh. p. 119. — Gull. PI. of Banb. p. 2. —Mack. Catal. PI. of Irel. p. 13. — A vena elation Linn. Sp. l’l. p. 117. — Schreb. Gram. v. i. p. 25. t. 1. — Curt. FI Lond. t. 191. — Leers’ FI. Herb. p. 40. t. 10. f. 4. — Iluds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed. ) p. 53. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. i. p. 443. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 192. — Fig. 1. A Spikelet; a, the Calyx; b, the Staminiferous Floret; c, the perfect one. — Fig. 2. Calyx — Fig. 3. A perfect Floret. — Fig. 4. Nectary. — Fig. 5. Gcrmen, Styles, and Stigmas. — Fig. 6. A Ripe Floret inclosing the Seed. — Fig. 7. A Seed. — All a little magnified. * From arren, Gr. male; and other, Gr. an awn. t See folio 56, note -f. Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 105. — Mart. FI. Rust. t. 7. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 25. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 45. — Purt. Mid. FI. v. i. p. 84. — Murr. North. FI. p. 78 .— Gramen nodosum, avenaced. panicula, Ray’s Syn. p. 406. — Scheuchz. Agrost. p. 237. t. 4. f. 27, 28. — Gramen avenaceum, panicula acerosd, semine papposa, Dill, in Ray’s Syn. p. 406. — Gramen caninum nodosum, Johns. Ger. p. 23, with a figure. — Gramen avenaceum elatius, jubd longu splendente, Moris, r. iii. p. 214. sect. 8. t. 7. f. 37. — Gramen avenaceum elatius, radice tuberculis pradita, Moris, ibid. f. 38. Localities. — In pastures, hedges, and by road-sides ; common. Perennial. — Flowers in June and July. Root fibrous, downy, knotty, from the swollen joints of the base of the culm. Culm from 2 to 3 feet high, or more, smooth, simple, leafy, jointed, the joints usually smooth, but sometimes downy. Leaves of the culm 6 or 7 inches to a foot long, and about a quarter of an inch broad, striated, rough, especially at the margins, their tipper surface with a few scattered, slender, white hairs. Sheaths long, striated, smooth, with a few long, deflexed hairs on the margin at their summits, just below the stipula. Stipula ( ligula ) short, blunt. Panicle long, upright, or a little drooping, loose, shining ; its branches numerous, rough, unequal, half-whorled, and directed to one side. Calyx-glumes nearly white, almost trans- parent; the inferior one smallest, spear-shaped, single-nerved, nearly smooth, with a rough keel ; superior one larger, about as long as the florets, pointed, bifid, with 3 rough, reddish-green ribs. Palece of the Corolla of nearly the same shape as the glumes of the calyx, but larger; the lower floret (fig. 1, b.) least perfect, but most conspicuously awned ; their inner paleae narrow, membranous, and flat. Jlnthcrs strap-shaped, cloven, hanging out at one side. Styles very short. Stigmas (fig. 5.) long, spreading horizontally, fea- thery on the upper side. Seed (fig. 7.) nearly cylindrical, coated with the hardened corolla (see fig. 6). Jlrrhenathlrum bulbosum, of Dumortier, Lindley, and some other authors, differs from this only in being a larger plant with a bulbous base to the culm, and occasionally hairy joints. The prodace of this grass is said to be very great, bat it is so excessively bitter as to be unpalatable to cattle in general ; and the bulbous-rooted variety is a very troublesome weed when it occurs on arable land ; nevertheless, the ani- mated description of Miss Kent, has conferred on it no inconsiderable degree of interest. “ I have seen it,” observes that elegant writer, (in Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist. v. i. p.237.), “ six feet high, with leaves two feet long, and more than one inch wide, with its panicle of flowers gently drooping to one side, at least one foot six inches in length, and so finely polished, that, but for their green colour, we might think it was composed of silver oats. Yet it is not green ; neither is it white, nor gold-colour, nor purple, but it is a union of all these : it is the offspring of silver and of gold, of the amethyst and the emerald. It is, indeed, very variable ; but, in the full pride of its beauty, this grass is truly magnificent. The light purple pyramids that quiver in every field and meadow, must be well known to every reader. In fine, the student who has leisure to investigate their beauties, will find the family of grasses peculiarly interesting, and much more various and beautiful than, fiotn the apparent homeliness of many, they might be supposed to be.” * • ' • • ■ r (481.) TAMARIX * *. Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndriaI, Trigy'nia. Natural Order. Tamarisci'ne/E, Desvaux. — Lindl. Syn. p. 61.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 158. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 527. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 514. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p. 725. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 406. — Tamarica'- cea;, Loud. Encycl. of Trees and Shrubs, p. 457. — Portulacea:, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 312. — Succulents, Linn. — Rosales; subord. Rhceadosje; sect. Cistina? ; subsect. Cistians; type, Tama- ricaces ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 614, 784, 792, 798, & 805. Gen. Char. Calyx (see figs. 1 & 4.) inferior, of 1 sepal, in 4 or 5 deep, upright, permanmt segments, half the length of the corolla. Corolla (see figs. 1 & 2.) of 4 or 5 inversely egg-shaped, blunt, concave, spreading petals. Filaments (see figs. 2 & 4.) 4 or 5, hair-like, inserted into the calyx, opposite to its segments. Anthers incumbent, roundish. Germen (fig. 5.) superior, egg- shaped, pointed. Style none. Stigmas 3, long, divaricate, glan- dular and oblique at the apex. Capsules (figs. 6 & 7.) egg-oblong, pointed, triangular, longer than the calyx, of 1 cell, and 3 valves. Seeds numerous, upright, inserted nearly at the base of the valves, or almost in the centre of the capsule, tufted ; tuft composed of numerous simple hairs arising from the apex. The 4- or 5-cleft calyx ; the corolla of 4 or 5 petals ; the long, sessile stigmas, glandular and oblique at the apex ; and the seeds with numerous simple hairs at their summit; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. TA'MARIX GALL1CA. French Tamarisk, Spec. Char. Leaves minute, clasping the stem or branch, adpressed, pointed. Spikes lateral, somewhat panicled, slender, much longer than broad. Stamens five. Engl. Bot. t. 1318.— 4F1. Grace. v. iii. p. 85. t. 291. — Linn. Sp. PI. p 386. — Willd, Sp. PI. v. i. pt. ,11. p. 1498. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 338.; Eng. FI. v. ii. p. 111. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 403.— Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 554. — Lindl. Syn. p. 62. — Hook. Brit. F). p. 143. — Macr. Man. Brit, Bot. p. 82. — Hunt. Evel. Silr. p. 344. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. "ii. p. 726. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit. v. ii. p. 947. f. 671.; Encycl. of Trees and Shrubs, p. 458. f. 819. — Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. iii. p. 333. — Rev. G. E. Smith’s PI. of S. Kent, p. 17. — Irv. Load. FI. p. 160. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sam. p. 38. — Tamarix floribus pentandris, Linn. Hort. Cliff, p. 111. — Mill. Ic. p. 175. t. 262. f. 1. — Tamarix narbonensis, Dalech, Hist. p. 180, with a figure. — Tamarix major, sive arborea narbonensis, Bauh. Hist. v. i. pt. Ii. p. 350, with a figure. — Tamar iscus narbonensis, Tourn. Inst, p. 661. — Johns. Ger. p. 1378. f. 1. — Tamariscus folio tenuiore, Park. Theatr. Bot. p. 1479. f. 1. — Myrica sylvestris prima, Clus. Hist. v. i. p. 40, with a figure. Fig. 1. Back view of a Flower, showing the Calyx.— Fig. 2. Front view of ditto. — Fig. 3. A Petal. — Fig. 4. Calyx, Stamens, and Pistils. — Fig. 5. Germen and Stig- mas.— Fig. 6. A Capsule. — Fig. 7. a. an entire Capsule; b. Ditto, with the valves separating and discharging the seeds. — All magnified. * From its growing on the banks of the Tamaris, now Tambro, on the borders of the Pyrenees. Don. See folio 48, note f. Localities. — On the rocks, and cliffs, and sandy shores, of the southern and western coasts of Englaud.— Cornwall ; Plentiful on St. Michael’s Mount, and everywhere about the Lizard Point, but chiefly on the banks of earth called hedges : Mr. Giddy. Apparently planted in every station observed : Mr. H. C. Watson, in N. B. G. — Hants ; On the beach near Hurst Castle, and Fresh- water: Dr. Pulteney. — Kent; It forms the ornament of Sandgate, flourishing upon its sandy banks, and flowering thrice within the year: Rev. G. E. Smith. — Svjffolk ; By Languard Fort : Sir T. G. Cullum.— Sussex ; On the Cliff to the East of Hastings: Rev. Dr. Goodenouch. Also West of the old town, doubt- less planted: But. of Suss, and N. B. G. A Shrub. — Flowers in July. Root branched. Stem slender, from 5 to 14 or 16 feet high, sometimes higher, very much branched ; older branches long, slender, twiggy, drooping, red, and shining, with scattered, sessile scales ; younger branches herbaceous, slender, bright green. Leaves very small, egg-shaped, or egg-spear-shaped, pointed, scattered or imbricated, smooth, deciduous, with a loose spur at the base. Spikes lateral and terminal, somewhat panicled, dense, cylindrical, slender, of numerous, nearly sessile, reddish or white, bracteated, scentless flowers. This elegant Shrub is frequent in sandy places in France, on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, and of the Atlantic Ocean, as far as Poictiers; also found upon the banks of rivers in the South of Europe, North of Africa, and West of Asia. It is likewise a native of Tartary, Barbary, the Himalayas, and Japan. It is the Myrica of the Gieeks, and the Tamarix of the Latins; and Dioscopides mentions it as being effective in various diseases. Its bark is slightly bitter, and astringent ; and its ashes contain a large quantity of Sulphate of Soda. In the South of Russia, and in Tariary, it assumes a great variety of form , according to the soil and situation ; the tops of the dwarf plants are there eaten by sheep, in preference to all other food ; and the stems of the larger ones are used as handles for whips. Evelyn tells us, that it was considered of old one of the unfortunate trees, and under malediction, and therefore used for wreaths to put round the heads of malefactors. He says also, that drinking-canns were made of the wood: and it is spoken of as affording brooms to the housewife. W. Bkowne says — “ Amongst the rest the tamariske there stood, For housewives’ besomes onely knowne most good.” The Tamarisk has been celebrated in the verses of most of the ancient poets. Homer mentions it as the tree against which Achilles laid his spear before he plunged into the Xanthus, to pursue the flying Trojans. '• So plunged in Xanthus by Achilles’ force, Roars the resounding surge with men and horse. His bloody lance the hero easts aside, (Which spreading tamarisks on the margin hide).” • Pope's Horn. II. B. xxi. 1. 18—21. It is introduced in the Pastorals of Theocritus; and Virgil has noticed it several times in his Eclogues. Its name may also be found in several of the poems of Ovid. The Tamariscineje are polypetalous dicotyledonous shrubs, with rod-like branches ; small scale-like leaves ; a 4- or 5-parted, permanent calyx, imbricated in the bud ; a corolla of 4 or 5 petals, inserted into the base of the calyx; with 4, 5, 8, or 10 stamens, which are either free or united by their filaments. The ovary is free; the capsule 3-sided, 3-valved, 1-celled, and many-seeded, with 3 placentas ( receptacles ) at the base of the cell, or along the middle of the valves. Seeds comose (tufted), without albumen. Tamarix is the only British genus in the order. ' * • .«< ■ . 482 (482.) AMARA'NTHUS* *. Linnean Class and Order. MoNCE'ciAf, Penta'ndria. Natural Order. Amarantha'cea:, R. Brown, Prod. p. 413. — Lindl. Syn. p. 213. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 165. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 426. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 530. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 416. — Amaranthi. Juss. Gen. PI. p. 87. — Quer- neales ; sect. Rumicinaj ; type, Betacea: ; subty. Amarantida ; Burn. Out!, of Bot. v. ii. pp. 523, 587, 591, & 593. — Miscella- nea, Linn. Gen. Char. Flowers monoecious. Sterile Flowers (fig. 1). Calyx of 3, or 5, upright, elliptic or spear-shaped, coloured, per- manent sepals. Corolla none. Filaments (see fig. 1.) 3 or 5, hair-like, upright, not longer than the calyx, opposite to its seg- ments. Anthers oblong, versatile, of 2 lobes. — Fertile Flowers (fig. 2.) in the same cluster with the sterile ones. Calyx the same. Corolla none. Germen (see fig. 2.) superior, egg-shaped. Styles (see fig. 2.) 3, sometimes but 2. Stigmas undivided, pointed, downy on the upper side. Capsule (fig. 3.) egg-shaped, thin, crowned with the remains of the styles, bursting all round (see fig. 4.), of 1 cell. Seed (figs. 5 & 6.) solitary, globose, compressed, filling the capsule. The 3- or 5-sepaled calyx ; the want of a corolla ; the sterile Jlowers with 3 or 5 stamens ; and the fertile ones with 3 styles ; 3 stigmas ; and a 1-celled, 1-seeded capsule , opening by a trans- verse incision ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. AMARA'NTHUS BLITUM. Blite Amaranth. Wild Blite. Small Garden Blite. Small Red Blite. Spec. Char. Flowers 3-cleft and triandrous, in small lateral clusters. Leaves egg-shaped, blunt. Stem spreading. Engl. Bot. t. 2212. — Linn. Pp. PI. p. 1405. — Hud3. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 418. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iy. pt. 1. p. 387. — Sra. FI. Brit. r. iii. p. 1018. ; Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 137. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 208. — Lindl. Syn. p. 213. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 404. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 193.— Kelh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 392. — Winch's FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 61.— Irv. Lond. FI. p. 284. — Amaranthus minor, Gray's Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 289. — Blitum rubrum minus, Ray’s Cantab, p. 23. — Dill, in Ray’s Syn. p. 157. — Bauh. Hist. v. ii. p. 967, with a figure. — Johnson’s Gerarde. p. 321. f. 4 — Small Garden Blite, Petiv. H. Brit. t. 7. f. 9. —Blitum minus sylvestre rubrum, Park. Theatr. p. 753. f. 2. Localities. — On low waste ground, and near dunghills; very rare. — Cam- bridgeshire ; Near Parker’s Piece. Barnwell, by the side of the road leading to Ilmlon : Rev. 11. Reliian.— Dorset ; On rubbish, and about old walls ; at Fig. 1. A Sterile Flower. — Fig. 2. A Fertile Flower. — Fig. 3. A Capsula, accom- panied by the Calyx. — Fig. 4. A Capsule with the valves separated. — Figs. 5 & 6. A Seed. —Fig. 7. The same cut perpendicularly, showing the Radicle and the Coty- ledons.— All, except fig. 5, magnified. * From Amarantos, Gr. eoerlasting ; the tiowers being little subject to decay, t See folio 83, note f. Weymouth, about the quay, and elsewhere; at Poole: Dr. Pulteney . — - Durham; On Hebhurn, Jarrow, and Sunderland Ballast-hills: N. J. Winch, Esq. — Huntingdonshire ; At Ripton : Mr. Woodward. — Kent; Tunbridge Wells: FI Tunb. — Middlesex; About London: Engl. FI. Walham Green: N. J. Winch, Esq. Gathered once near Stoke Newington by J. Woods, jun. : B.G. — Northumberland; On Willington Ballast-hills: N.J. Winch, Esq. — • Surrey ; Battersea Fields, towards Vauxhall: Mr. W. Pamplin, jun. Annual. — Flowers in August. Root tapering, fibrous. Stems several, trailing, branched, leafy, widely spreading, round, furrowed, smooth. Leaves alternate, on longish petioles, egg-shaped, or somewhat rhomboid, more or less blunt, rottghish at the edges only, sometimes white or silvery in the middle, with or without a brown spot. Flowers numerous, green, crowded, tufted, in small, axillary, leafy clusters. Calyx of 3 ob- long, bluntish, green, membranous sepals. Stamens 3. Seeds black and shining. This plant is a native of all Europe, except the very cold parts, Japan, & c., in cultivated grounds, on dunghills, banks, among rubbish, &c. Mr. Loudon, in his “ Hortus Britannicus,” de-. scribes 60 species of this genus, many of which are very beautiful, and have been long cultivated as ornaments to the flower garden. Amongst them are, Love-lies-bleeding ( Amaranthus candatusj. Prince's Feather (A. hypochondriacus J , & Tricolors (A. tricolor J. The Natural Order Amarantha'cea: consists of herbaceous, or somewhat shrubby, apetalous, dicotyledonous plants, with opposite or alternate leaves, without slipulce. The flowers are small, usually coloured, sometimes moncecious, but more usually perfect; and disposed in spikes, or heads. The calyx is inferior, of 3 or 5 scari- ous, permanent sepals, occasionally with two bracteas at the base. The stamens are hypogynous (growing from below the base of the germen), either 3 or 5, or some multiple of 5 ; with either distinct or united filaments; and 2-celled, or 1-celled anthers. The ovary ( germen ) (see fig. 2.) is single, superior, of 1 or 2 cells, with 1 or few ovules ( young seeds J. The styles (see fig. 2.) are either 1, (or 3,) or none ; with simple or compound stigmas. The capsule (see figs. 3 & 4.) is 1-celled. The seeds are lens-shaped, often stalked and pendulous; with a crustaceous testa; a central, fari- naceous albumen; and a cylindrical, elongated embryo, which is curved round the circumference (see fig. 7). “ It is difficult,” says Professor Lindley, in his elegant work, the Ladies' Botany, “ lo mention an order much more simply constructed than this, and yet how perfectly are all the parts adapted to the end for which they are created. Even a provision for a beautiful appearance is not neglected, for in order to com- pensate for their smallness, we find the flowers developed in large masses, and aided by multitudes of shining bracts, which contribute very essentially to their fine appearance.” Their virtues are nutritive, emollient, and demulcent; they are all harmless, and many of the species may be used as pot-herbs. — Amaranthus is the only J3i itish Genus in the order. MatJfws.Del.&Sc &ua* JPut?lyWI5aa2t* , o*onic CarJm Oxford, l&L ±63 (483.) CHiEROPHY'LLUM * *. Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria -f, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Umbelli'fer.e +, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 218. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lindl. Syn. p. 111. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463. — Loud.Hort. Brit. p. 517. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. & Bot. v. iii. p. 235. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 113. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p.408. — Umbellate, Linn. — Rosales; sect. Angelicina: ; type, Smyrniace.e ; subtype, Scandicid.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 614, 770, 780, & 781. Gen. Char. Flowers imperfectly separated. Calyx an obso- lete margin. Corolla (see fig. 1.) of 5 inversely egg-shaped, emarginate petals, with an indexed point. Filaments (see fig. 1.) 5, thread-shaped, spreading, as long as the petals. Anthers roundish. Germen (fig. 2.) inferior, oblong, somewhat club-shaped, blunt, furrowed, smooth, slightly compressed. Styles (see fig. 2.) 2, awl- shaped, a little spreading, very tumid at the base. Stigmas blunt. Floral Receptacle wanting. Fruit (see fig. 3.) without a beak, compressed or contracted at the sides. Carpels with 5 obtuse equal ribs, of which the two lateral ones form a margin ; the com- missure (face) with a deep furrow. Interstices ( channels ) with a single vittce in each. Seed taper, (round and long,) its transverse section halfmoon-shaped. — Universal involucrum wanting, or of few leaves ; partial involucrum of many leaves. The obsolete calyx ; the superior corolla, of 5 inversely egg- shaped, emarginate, indexed petals ; the smooth, elongated, nar- row, laterally compressed or contracted fruit, without a beak ; the carpels with 5 blunt equal ribs, with a single vitta in each channel ; and the commissure with a deep furrow ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Three species British. CH/EROPHY'LLUM TEMULE'NTUM. Intoxicating Cow-par- sley. Rough Cicely. Wild Chervil. Small Cow-parsley. Spec. Char. Stem rough, spotted, swollen below the joints. Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets egg-shaped, slightly acuminate Partial involucrum reflexed. Fruit nearly smooth. Engl. Bot. t. 1521. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd edit.) p. 125. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 326. — With. (5th ed.) v. ii. p. 387. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 504. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 130. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 366. — Sibtli. FI. Oxon. p. 101. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 66. — Thomps. PI. of Benv. p. 32. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 29. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 155. — llelh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 124. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 93. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 68. — Ft. Devon, pp. 53 Sc 167. — Bab. FI. Bath, p. 21. — Dick. Ft. Abred. p. 31. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 197. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 27. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 48. — Leight. FI. ofShropsh. p. 133. — Gulliv. PI. ofBanb. p. 6. — Mack. Catal. of Pi. of Irel. p. 29. ; FI. Hibern. p. 125. — Chcerophyllum Fig. 1. A separate Flower. — Fig. 2. Gerraen and Styles. — Fig. 3. A Fruit. — Fig. 4. Transverse section of a Fruit. — All magnified. * From chairo, Gr. to rejoice ; and phyllon, Gr. a leaf ; in allusion to the agreeable odour of the leaves of several of the species. ■}• See folio 48, note -f. f See folio 235, a. timulum, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 370. — Curt. FI. Lond. t. .— Jaeq. FI. Austr. t 65. — Willd. Sp. PI. v ol. v. pt. ii. p. 1454. — Deeand. Prod. v. iv. p. 226.— Lindl. Syn. p. 125. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 106.— Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 167.— Bab. Prim. FI. Sam. p. 46. — Beesl. Hist. Banb. p. 581.— My'rrhis temula , Gairt. Fruct. et Sem. PI, t. i. p. 109. t. 23. — My'rrhis temuldnta, Sin. Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 51. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 389. — Johns. FI. Berw. v. i. p. 68. — Winch’s FI. of Nortlmmb. and Durh. p. 18. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 77.— Cow. FI. Guide, p. 38. — Myrrhis annua vulgaris, caule fusco, Moris, v. iii. p. 302. sect. 9. t. 10. f. 7. — Scandix temula, Roth. FI. Germ. v. i. p. 22. — Scandix nutans, Mcench. Meth. p. 101. — Cerefolium sylvestre, Kay’s Syn. p. 207. — Johns. Ger. p. 1038, with a figure. — Anthriscus Plinii, Delech. Hist. p. 791, with a figure,— Wild Chervil, Petiv. Herb. Brit. t. 25. f. 3. Localities. — In hedges, and bushy places; common. Biennial. — Flowers in June and July. Root spindle-shaped, somewhat branched, whitish. Stem from 2 to 3 feet high, upright, branched, round, solid, striated, rough with deflexed hairs, and spotted with dark purple; swollen under each joint. Leaves alternate, dark green above, paler beneath, hairy, twice pinnate; leaflets somewhat egg-shaped, lobed, and cut. Petioles dilated and clasping at the base. Umbels of many hairy unequal rays; the partial ones smooth, drooping when young. Universal involucrum either entirely wanting or of one leaf; rarely of many. Partial Involucrum of several egg-shaped, pointed, somewhat membranous or coloured leaves, finely fringed on their margins and keel, and occasionally confluent at the base. Flowers white, numerous, very slightly irregular, partly sterile ; those of the circumference principally fertile. Petals (see fig. 1.) heart- shaped from the inflexion of their points. Germen (see fig. 2.) club-shaped, smooth. Styles decurved, shorter than their globose base. Stigmas blunt. Fruit (fig. 3.) somewhat strap-shaped, striated, and nearly smooth. The whole plant is sweetish and aromatic, and is acceptable to domestic cattle, nor is any intoxicating quality recorded, notwith- standing the specific name. The herbage is often mildewed. (See Sm. Engl. FL). The roughness, dark purple spots, and swollen joints of the stem, will distinguish it from most other of tire British Umbelliferee. “ Range thro’ the fields iu Spring’s enchanting hours. And mark the beauties that are spread around ! Lo, how the Summer doth bedeck the ground With choicest store of blooming fruits and flow’rs t See how the yellow Autumn amply show’rs Her gifts, that with glad plenteousness abound ! In gloomy Winter too, use may be found, For then the earth doth renovate her pow’rs ! Fonder on all these things ! — Do they not raise. With one accord, an universal song To their great Author, of mute thanks and praise ? Do they not speak, in accents wond’rous strong. The pow’r and greatness of His mighty ways 1 The speechless thanks that to Ilis name belong ?” F.R.] Literary Gazette, Oct. 29, 1825. . ‘ * \ J+ajf- MccfJvwzJJi $Sc. (484.) ELY'NA * *. Linnean Class and Order. Monoe'cia f, Tria'ndria +. Natural Order. Cypera'cea; §, Juss. — Lindl. Syn. p.278.; Tntrod. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 304. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p.392. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 541. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 318. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 427. — Cyperoide.e, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 26. — Sm. Gr. of Bot. p.68. — Cyperales ; sect. Caricina: ; type, Caricace.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 354 & 358. — Calamarle, Linn. Gen. Char. Spikes terminal, compound, monoecious. Spike- lets (fig. 1.) 2-flowered, upper one (fig. l,c.) sterile , lower one (fig. 1, b.) fertile , both included in a broad sheathing bractea {fig. 1, a). Sterile Flower (fig. 2). Calyx a single, oblong, invo- lute, permanent scale, sometimes wanting. Corolla none. Fila- ments (see fig. 2.) 3, hair-like, upright, longer than the calyx or scale. Jlnlhers vertical, strap-shaped, upright, of 2 cells. Fertile Flower (fig. 3). Calyx as in the sterile flower. Corolla none. Germen (fig. 3, b.) superior, triangular. Style (fig. 3, c.) 1, cylin- drical. Stigmas (fig. 3, d.) 3, tapering, spreading, downy. Seed or Nut (figs. 4 & 5.) 1, somewhat triangular, pointed, hard, naked, except the permanent scale (fig. 3, a.) which shelters it. The 2-flowered spikelets, with their upper flower sterile, and their lower one fertile, each with a calyx of one involute scale (see fig. i, b and c.), without a corolla; and both included in a broad sheathing bractea (fig. 1, a.) ; and the single, somewhat 3-eornered, naked seed or nut ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. It differs from Carex (t. 440.) in the seed being naked ; and in the absence of a corolla in the fertile flowers. One species British. ELY'NA CARICI'NA. Carex-like Elyna. Compound-headed Elyna. Spec. Char. Spikelets aggregate, compound. Mert. and Kocli. FI. Germ. v. i. p. 459.— Hook. Brit. FI. p. 401.— Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 61.— Irv. Lond. FI. p. 284.— Baines’ FI. of Yorkshire, p. 1 1 2. — Kobrdsia caricina, Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. i. p. 206. — Sm. Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 129. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 139. — Lindl. Syn. p. 284. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 249. — FI. Devon, pp. 153 & 119. — Cobresia caricina , Pers. Syn. PL v. ii. p. 534. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 69. — Carex hybrida, Schkuhr. Car. t. R. r. r. f. 161. According to Willdenow. — Carex mirabilis, Host. — Schccnus monoicus, Engl. Bot. t. 1410. Localities. — On mountains, in moist muddy spots; very rare. — Devonshire j Broad Olyst. Haldon, plentiful : Mr. Jacob. — Durham ; On the Widdy Bank tn Teesdale Forest ; also on Cronkley Fell : Aug, 25, 1799; Mr. Dickson, and N, J. Winch, Esq. ; to whom it was pointed out by the Rev. J. Harriman. Fig. 1. A Spikelet ; a, a bractea; b, fertile floret; c, sterile one. — Fig. 2. A separate Sterile Floret. — Fig. 3. A separate Fertile Floret ; a, the calyx or scale j y”611’ C‘ stJle’ ‘tigma.-Figs. 4 & 5. Seed. — All, except Jig. 1, mag* * From elyo, Gr. to cover ; which the scale does the flower, t See fol. 83, note f. f See fol. 56, note +, } See fol. 436, «. Teesdale: June, 1842; \V. Borrer, Esq. — Westmoreland ; In Birlulale : Rev. J. Harriman, in B. G. — Yorkshire ; On Cronkley Fell, at 2000 feet elevation : R. B. Bowman, in N.B.G. — SCOTLAND. Perthshire; Neat the summit of Schroine ach Loclten ; a mountain south of Mael Gliyrdy: August, 1827 ; YV. YY'ii.son, Esq., in Hooker’s Botanical Miscellany, v. i. p. 84. “ I gathered it somewhere on the Breadalbane Mountains, and incline to suppose it was on Ben More:” Mr. H. C. YVatson, in N. B. G. Perennial. — Flowers in August. Root fibrous, tufted. Culms ( stems J solitary, simple, naked, from 2 to 6 inches high, striated, smooth, roundish towards the base, angular, and rough-edged, at the top. Leaves several, radi- cal, spreading or recurved, very slender, strap-shaped, channelled on the upper surface, slightly keeled on the under, pointed, striated, smooth, rough-edged, shorter than the culm ; their longish sheaths closely embracing its base, each crowned with a short, brownish, membranous stipula. Spike terminal, compound, somewhat egg- shaped, upright, not an inch long, having a short, sheathing, brown, membranous bractea, or two, at its base. Spikelels alternate, small, brown, usually 2-flowered. Germen oblong, scarcely 3-cornered. Style simple. Stigmas 3, strap-shaped, downy. Seed without any other covering than the scale (see fig. 3, a.), oblong, somewhat tri- angular, horny, smooth, crowned with the base of the style. This singular little plant is, in habit, nearly allied to Scirpus, and still more closely to Blyssmus, t. 308; hut the flowers are monoecious. From Carex it differs in not having the inflated corolla. It is a native of Switzerland as well as of Biitain. Sir J.E. Smith found it on Mount Cenis in August, 1787, but kept it unsettled in his Herbarium till 1799, in which year it was gathered in the county of Durham by Mr. Dickson, to whom, Sir James informs us, is due the honour of making it known. The Ilev. Mr. Harriman had found it in 1797 ; but not being aware of its novelty, he liberally disclaimed the merit of the discovery. See Engl. Bot. fol. 1410. The drawing for the accompanying plate was made from a specimen kindly communicated to me by W. Borrer, Esq., who gathered it in 'l'eesdale in June last. “ Every tree. And bush, and fragrant flower, and hilly path, And thymy mound that flings unto the winds Its morning incence, is — my friend; for I Did make acquaintance with inanimate things In very boyhood, and did love to break With shouts the mountain silence, and to hang O’er flashing torrents, when the piny boughs Shook their dark locks, and plained in mournful tones Mysterious to the barren wilderness ; And still, in solitary spots, my soul Resumes its youth .... Think not that this is all An idle folly ; lie who can draw a joy From rocks, or woods, or weeds, or things that seem All mute (and does’t) is wise.” Literary Gazette, Oct. 24, 1818. [W.] (485.) CASTANET* * Linnean Class and Order. Monce'cia +, Polya'.n'DRIA. Natural Order. Cupuli'fer.e, Richard. — Lindl. Syn. p. 239 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 97. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 545. — Coryla'cea:, Loud. Encvclop. of Trees and Shrubs, p. 845. — Amenta'ce.e, Linn. — Juss. Gen. PI. p. 407. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 189. — Loud. Hort. Brit, p.534. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 242. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 419. — Querneales ; sect. Quercina: ; type, Corylacea ; Burn. Out!, of Bot. v. ii. pp. 523 & 531. Gen. Char. Sterile Flowers numerous, on a very long cylin- drical catkin , in irregular clusters, (see fig. 1). Calyx (see fig. 2.) of 1 sepal, in 5 or 6 segments. Corolla none. Filaments (see fig. 2.) from 5 to 20, or more, hair-like, longer than the calyx. Anthers roundish, or oblong, of 2 lobes. — Fertile Flowers (see fig. 3.) 3 together, within a 4-lobed, thickly muricated involucrum. Calyx (fig. 4.) of 1 sepal, in 5 or 6 segments, having the rudiments of 12 stamens. Germen incorporated with the calyx, 6-celled (see fig. 5.), each cell 2-seeded, 5 of the cells mostly abortive. Styles (see fig. 4.) 6. Stigmas oblong, permanent. Nut 1-celled, with from 1 to 3 seeds, inclosed in the enlarged spiny involucrum (fig. 6). The sterile flowers clustered, on a very long cylindrical calkin, each flower with from 5 to 20 stamens ; and the fertile flowers in- closed, 3 together, in a 4-lobed, spiny in volucrum, each with 6 styles ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. CASTA'NEA VESCA. Eatable Chestnut. Sweet Chestnut. Spanish Chestnut, or Chesnut. Spec. Char. Leaves oblong-spear-shaped, pointed, sharply serrated ; smooth on each side. Gaertn. v. i. p. 181. t. 37, f. 1. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. I. p. 460. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 248. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 580. — Lindl. Syn. p. 239. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit. v. iii. p. 1983. figs. 1923 to 1926 ; and v. viii. t. 286. ; Encyel. of Trees & Shrubs, p. 912. f. 1706. ; Encycl. of Gard. (new ed.) p. 943. par. 5166. — lrv. Lond. FI. p. 114. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 31. — Beesl. Hist. Banb. p. 588. — Castanea vulgaris. Park. Theat. Bot. p. 1400. f. 1. — Lara. Diet. v. i. p. 708. — Lam. el Deeand, FI. Fr. v. iii. p. 306. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 408. — Maer. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 216.— Hook. FI. Seot. p. 273 — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 203.— FI. Devon, pp. 155 & 133. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sara. p. 91. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 82. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 476. — Mack, Cat. PI. of Irel. p. 83. ; FI. Hibern. p. 255. — Castanea sativa, Mill. Ic. p. 56. t. 84. — Hunter in Evelyn’s Silva, p. 159, with a plate. — Castanea. Ray’s Syn. p. 440. — Bauli. Hist. v. i. pt. ii. p. 121, with a figure. — Evelyn’s Silva, (2nd ed.) p. 41. — Duhara. Arb. v. i. t. 50. — Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 1442. f. 1. — Fagus Castanea, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1416. — Engl. Bot. t. 886. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 422. — With. (2nd ed.) v. ii. p. 1086. — Sm. FI. Brit, v. iii. p, 1027.; Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 151. — Abb. FI. Bedf. p. 211. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p 91. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. ii. p. 462. — Perry’s PI. Varvic. Sclecta;, p. 78. — Winch’s FI. of Northurab. and Durh. p. 62. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 283. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 93. — Gulliv. PI. of Banb. p. 20. — Chesnut, Phill. Pom. Brit, (2nd ed.) p. 93. ; Comp, for the Orch. p. 84. — Chestnut Tree. Kent’s Sylv. Sketches, p. 92. Fig. 1. A tuft of Sterile Flowers. — Fig. 2. A separate one of ditto. — Fig. 3. A tuft of Fertile Flowers. — Fig. 4. A separate one of ditto. — Fig. 5. Enlarged Ger- men. — Fig. 6. Matured Involucrum and Nut. * From Castanea, a town in Thessaly ; or from another town of that name in Pontus. f See fol. S3, note f. Localities. — In woods, plantations, and hedges, mostly in the South and West of England ; a doubtful native. Tree. — Flowers in May. A stately and majestic tree; attaining, in favourable situations, the height of 60 or 80 feet. Bark with remarkably deep clefts. Branches widely spreading, round and smooth when young. Leaves alternate, on short petioles, elliptic-spear-shaped, sharp pointed, 5 or 6 inches long, and 2 broad, smooth, with many transverse veins, ending in sharp, somewhat spinous-pointed, serratures ; of a rich shining green above, paler beneath. Sterile Catkins numer- ous, axillary, solitary, yellow, pendulous; from 4 to 6 or 7 inches Iona:, deciduous. Flowers ranged along the common stalk of the catkin, in lateral sessile tufts (see fig. 1). Stamens numerous, long, and spreading. — Fertile Flowers (see figs. 3 & 4.) much fewer than the sterile ones, and placed on terminal stalks, which are lengthened out as the fruit advances. Styles (see fig. 4.) about 6, with long, smooth, upright stigmas. Gartner detected about 12 scarlet rudiments of stamens, among the wool at the base of the styles. JVuts (see fig. 6.) large, broadly egg-shaped, usually 2 ; fiat on the inner side, and each attached by a broad scar to the bottom of the greatly enlarged involucrum (see fig. 6.) the outside of which is copiously armed with complicated sharp prickles. See Sm. Engl. FI. The sweet Chestnut is by some considered to be indigenous in Britain ; but, notwithstanding the great age of some specimens, it appears, from the observa- tions of the Hon. Dains Barrington, and others, more than probable that they have all been planted. Mr. Loudon observes, that the wood of this tree has the remarkable property of being more durable when it is young than when it is old ; the sap or outer wood very soon changing into heart wood; and hence the great value of this tree for posts, fencing-poles, stakes, trellis-work, hoops, &c. ( Encycl . of Tr. § Sh.) It was once very generally supposed, that the roofs of some of our Cathedrals, and many of the oldest buildings in London were con- structed of Chestnut, but it has been shown by Daueenton and others, that these ioofs and buildings are formed of the wood of the sessile-fruited Oak, ( Quercus sessiliflora ,) which, when old, resembles the Chestnut. ( Cowell’s FI. Guide). The nuts constitute a great part of the food of the common people in the South of France and the North of Italy ; where they are used either roasted or boiled, and also ground into meal, and made into cakes, bread, and puddings. In England they are roasted, and served up as a dessert; they are said also formerly to have accompanied the wassail bowl in the celebration of Christmas festivals. These nuts are also used for whitening linen cloth, and for making starch. Deer ate fond of Chestnuts ; hence they are sometimes called Buck- mast. Some instances are recorded in which the Chestnut is said to have arrived at a most extraordinary size and age, such as the Castagno de cento cavalti, on Mount Etna, the trunk of which, according to the account given of it by Mr. Houei., is 160 feet in circumference. A figure of this tree may be seen in Burnett’s Outlines of Botany , v. i. p. 57. The oldest Chestnut tree in England is, 1 believe, in the garden of Lord Ducie, atToriworth, in Glouces- tershire ; the circumference of its trunk, in 1820, was 52 feet; and it is supposed to be more than 1000 years old. A portrait of this ancient tree, and also of a very old one at Cobham, Kent, is given in Mr. Loudon’s excellent woik, the Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum, at pages 1988 & 1989. The CtipuLiFERrE are apetalous, dicotyledonous Trees or Shrubs , with alternate, stipulate, simple, penninerve leaves ; and monoecious flowers. Sterile flowers amentaceous ; fertile ones aggregate or amentaceous. Ovaries seated within a coriaceous involucrum (capsule ) of various figure, and with several cells (see fig. 5.) and several ovules, the greater part of which are abortive. Ovules pendulous, either solitary or two together. Fruit a bony or coriaceous, 1 -celled nut, more or less inclosed in the involucrum .—The British genera are, Fagus, t. 331. — Castanea, t. 485.— Quercus, t. 371. — Corylus, t. 338. — Carpinus, t. 234. i.** m • (486.) CALAMl'NTHA* *. Linnean Class and Order. DiDYNAhvilAf, Gymnospe'iimia %. Natural Order. Labia'tai^, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 110. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 99. ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 63. — Bentham, in Bot. Regist. (1829.) — Lindl. Syn. p. 196. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 239. — Rich, by Maegilliv. p. 439. — Loud. Hurt. Brit. p. 528. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iv. p. 665. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 209. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 415. — Verticii.lat.I5 of J.innaus. — Syrinoales ; suborder, Primuloste; sect. Mknthin.*; type, Menthaceje or Labiate; subtype, Saturid.e; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. p. 900, 958, 968, & 972. Gen. Char. Flowers axillarj', somewhat solitary, or often in loose bracteated cymes. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, of 1 sepal, tubu- lar, 13-ribbed, nearly equal at the base, 2-lipped; upper lip of 3 sharp teeth ; lower lip of 2 longer, equal, narrow, awl-shaped teeth; the throat hairy inside (see fig- 6). Corolla (fig. 2.) of 1 petal, ringent ; tube as long as the calyx, or longer; throat but little dilated ; upper lip shortest, nearly flat, upright, blunt, with a small notch ; lower lip longer and broader, spreading, in 3 deep, blunt lobes, the middle one broadest, with a shallow notch. Ft 'la- ments (see fig. 3.) 4, didynamous, shorter than the corolla, slender, incurved. JInthcrs distinctly 2-lobed. Germen (see fig. 4.) 4-cleft. Style thread-shaped. Stigma in 2 acute segments. Seeds (see fig. 5.) 4, small, roundish, in the bottom of the closed, permanent calyx. The flowers in loose bracteated cymes; the tubular, 13-ribbed, 2-lipped calyx, nearly equal at the base, with 5 unequal teeth, and a hairy throat; the corolla with the upper lip nearly flat, and the loner one 3-lobed, with the middle lobe emarginate ; and the incurved stamens ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. It differs from Thymus (t. 127.) in the stamens being ascending and incurved, not distant ; and from Acinos (t. 479. ) in the base of the calyx being nearly equal, not gibbous. Two species British. CALAMI'NTHA NE'PETA. Cat-mint Balm. Lesser Calamint. Three-forked Calamint. Field Calamint. Spec. Char. Whorls on forked, many-flowered stalks, longer than the adjoining leaf. Leaves serrated. Hairs in the mouth of the calyx prominent. Pursh’s Fl. Amer. Sept. v. ii. p. 413. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 280. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 134. — Luxf. Reig. Fl. p. 53. — Calamintha trichotoma. Cray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 384. — Calamintha odore puleyii, Ray’s Syn. p. 243. — Johnson's Gerarde, p 687. f. 4.— Blackst. Sp. Bot. p. 9. — Calamintha altera odora Puleyii foliis maculosis, Park. Theatr. Bot. p. 36. — Melissa Nepeta, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 828. — Curt. Fl. Loud. t. — Huds. Fl. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 263. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt, i. Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Fig. 3. Stamens. — Fig. 4. Pistil.— Fig. 5. Seed. — Fig. 6. Mouth of the Calyx, showing the projecting hairs. — Fig. 7. A Portion of the stem. — All, more or less, magnified. * From halos, Gr. good ; and mentha, Gr. mint ; a plant whose scent drove away serpents. — IIookeu. f Sec fol. 31, note f. f Sec fol. 31, note i. j See fol. 94, a. p. 147. — Lindl. Syn (2nd ed. ) p. 202. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. v. p. 781. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 182. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 190. — Bab. Prim. FI. Savn. p. 72. — Thymus Nepeta, Engl. Bot. t. 1414, — Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 642. — Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 110. — With. (7tli ed.) v. iii. p. 722. — Lindl. Syn. p. 205. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 274 — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. & Durh. p. 40. — Walker’s F). of Oxf. p. 172. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 50. — Baines’ FI. ofYorksli. p. 84. Localities. — In dry situations, on banks and way-sides, on a chalky soil; not uncommon in England. — Oxfordsh. Ensliam, on the road to Stanton Har- court: Dr. Sibthoup — Berks; Road-side near Wickham: Mr. Gotobi-d. Bank on the side of the Abingdon road, going through Bagley Wood: 1831 ; W. B. — Bucks; Road-side near Bulstrode : Mr. Gotobfd. Between St. Peter’s and St. Giles, Chalfont, abundantly : Bi.ackstone. — Cambridgeshire ; Granchester; Hildersham ; Linton, &c. : Rev. R. Rei.han. — Cornwall ; Near St. Austel: Tour. — Derbysh ■ South Normanton : Pilkincton. — Dorset; Not uncommon; lane near Old Warren; and elsewhere about Blandford: Dr. Pui.teney. — Durham; On the bank next the river by Durham Abbey ; Wil- son’s Syn., g. 91 . It still grows there: N. J. Winch, Esq. On old Ballast Hills at Friar’s Goose, below Gateshead : N. B. G. — Essex ; Way-sides about Henham ; Stanstead ; Mount Fitchet; Chelmsford ; Billericay ; and elsewhere in many parts of the county : Mr. E. Forster, jun. — Gloucestersh. Near Bristol: Miss Worsley, in N. B. G. — Kent; about Charlton, Dartford, and many other places in the county: Blackstone. In old sand-pits at the back of Charlton Church: Curtis. Tunbridge Wells . FI. Ton. S. Kent: Rev. G. E. Smith. — Leicestersh. In dry lanes near Prestwold ; about Leicester; at Swithland : Dr. Pulteney. — Norfolk ; Common in Norfolk : Mr. Woodward. On the Castle Hill at Castle Acre: Mr. E. Forstf.r, jun. — Notts; In fields about Coddington : N. B. G. — Suffolk ; Hedge on the right, just below Kennet Bell: Sir T. G. Cullum. — Surrey; Sparingly on banks near Red-hill. Plentiful by road-sides between Dorking and Leatherhead: Reig. FI. — Sussex ; A bout Hastings Castle : W. Borrer, Esq. Near Tunbridge Wells : Forster. — Wilts ; On the wall opposite Lacock Abbey: N. B. G. — In Worcestershire : E. Leis. — Yorksh. Neighbout hood of Malton: Teesdale. At Cookridge: Rev. W. Wood.— W A LES. Denbighsh. Denbigh Castle; and Graig near Denbigh: Mr. Griffith. Perennial. — Flowers in July and August. Root branched, woody, round, and fibrous. Stems many, ascend- ing, from 1 to 2 feet long, much branched, obscurely 4-cornered, brown towards the base, clothed with soft, spreading, somewhat recurved hairs (see fig. 7). Leaves opposite, on very short petioles, spreading, broadly egg-shaped, blunt, serrated, the margin slightly recurved, somewhat downy on both surfaces, paler underneath, with prominent hairy nerves, and resinous dots. Flower- stalks axillary, solitary or in pairs, opposite, forked, much longer than the adjoining leaves, from 3- to more than 20-flowered, forming a spurious kind of half whorl, with awl-shaped bracteas at the base of the partial flower-stalks. Calyx somewhat bell-shaped, not swelling in front, slightly 2-lipped, the outside clothed with long hairs, and minute, shining, resinous glands; the inside smooth, except the throat, which is closed with long, white, projecting, bristly hairs, which are very conspicuous, especially after the flowers have fallen ; two lower teeth rather longer and narrower than the three upper (see fig. 6). Corolla pale purplish-blue, about twice as long as the calyx, downy ; the middle lobe of the lower lip with a broad shallow notch ; throat with white club- shaped bristles. Seeds pale brown, minutely dotted. The whole herb has a strong aromatic smell, resembling that of Pennyroyal, and is said to make an agreeable tea, of somewhat tonic effect. It is distinguished from Calammtka officinalis by the prominent hairs of the calyx. (487.) ELA/TINE * *. Linnean Class and Order. Octa^ndria "f, Tetragy'nia. Natural Order. Caryophy'llf.Av^, Linn. — Juss. Gen. PI. p. 299. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 159. — Lindl. Syn. p;43. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 156. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 507. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 501. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. p. 379. — Mack. FI. Hib. p. 40. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 400. — Rosales ; subord. Rhceados.e; sect. Dianthina; ; type. Elatinaceao; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 614, 784, 805, & 806. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, of 3 or 4, roundish, slightly concave, rather unequal, spreading segments, permanent. Corolla (see fig. 2.) of 3 or 4, egg-shaped, blunt, sessile, spreading petals, alternate with the segments of the calyx. Filaments (see figs. 2 and 3.) 6 or 8, awl-shaped, about as long as the petals. Anthers roundish. Germen (see figs. 3 & 4,) superior, large, globular, rather depressed. Styles (see figs. 2 to 4.) 3 or 4, upright, very short. Stigmas simple. Capsule (fig. 5.) globose, depressed, large, of 3 or 4 valves, and 3 or 4 cells. Partitions ( dissepiments ) alternate with the valves (see fig. 6), attached only to the central column {placenta). Seeds { figs. 7 & 8.) numerous, upright, ob- long, curved, furrowed and transversely striated, attached to the central, free placenta. The 3- or 4-parted calyx ; the corolla of 3 or 4 petals, with from 6 to 8 stamens, and 3 or 4 styles ; the 3- or 4-valved, 3- or 4-celled, many-seeded capsule; and the cylindrical, furrowed, transversely striated seed ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Two species British. ELA/TINE HEXA'NDRA. Six-stamened Water-wort. Small Water-wort. Spec. Char. Leaves opposite, in pairs; spathulate. Flowers alternate, stalked, upright, with 6 stamens, and 3 petals. Capsule turbinate, concave at the summit, 3-celled. Seeds about 12 in each cell, nearly straight, ascending. De Cand. Icon. PI. Uar. v. i. p. 14. t. 43. f. X. ; Prod. v. i. p. 390. — Reiclienb. Icouogr. Bot. t. 413. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 185. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. p. 420. — J. E. Bowman, in Engl. Bot., at t. 2670. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 31 — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 244. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 173. — Mack. FI. Ilibern. p. 45. — Elatine Hydropiper , Engl. Bot. t. 955. (not of Linn, or of Engl. Bot. t. 2670.)— Sm. FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 1396.— With. (7tli ed.) v. ii. p. 502.— Mack. Cat. PI. of Irel. p. 38. — Elatine tripetala, Sm. Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 243. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. p. 420. — Alsinastrum serpillifolium, flore roseo, tripetalo, Vaill. Bot. Par. p. 5. t. 9. f 1 . — Willisellus serpyllifolia, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. pp. 650 and 736 1 Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. A Flower; a. Calyx; b. Corolla. — Fig. 2*. A Flower expanded. — Fig. 3. Germen and Stamens. — Fig. 4. Calyx and Germen. — Fig. 5. Capsule, with the valves separated. — Fig. 6. The same after it has discharged the seeds. — Figs. 7 & 8. Seeds. — All, except fig. 7, more or less, magnified. * From elate, Gr. the broad part of an oar ; possibly in allusion to the shape of the leaves. Leighton. f See folio 42, note f. t See folio 152, a. Localities.— On the margins of ponds and ditches; rare. — Berks; Near Binfield : Mr. T. F. Forster. — Leicestersh. Pond near Whitwick: Kev. A. Bloxam. — Shropsh. About the eastern shore of Bomere Pool, near Condover: Kev. E. Williams. Mere, at Ellesmere : Rev. A. Bloxam. Ellesmere Mere between the House of Industry and Otley Park: J. E. Bowman, Esq. — Surrey ; Pond at Felbridge : Mr. Edward J enner. — Sussex; Maresfield Mill-pond; and Tilgate Ponds near Crawley: W. Borrer, Esq. — Warwicksh. Coleshitl Pool : Dr. Lloyd. — W A LES. Anglesea ; At the east end of Llyn Coron, with Elatine Hydropiper : Br. FI. In the ftlill-pond, Llyn Maelog, with Subularia aquatica ; N.B.G. — SCOTLAND. Perthsh. At Loch Ruisky, near Callan- der: Mr. G. Lyon. — IRELAND. On themuddy border of Casllewellan Lake, county of Down: Mr. Templeton. Abundant in Enagh Lough, near Derry ; and by the side of the river Bann, below Coleraine: Mr. D. Moore: FI. Hib. Annual. — Flowers in July, August, and September. Root of numerous long white fibres, proceeding from the base, and lowermost joints of the stem. Stems procumbent, 2 or 3 inches long, alternately branched, leafy, striated, smooth, pale and pelucid. Leaves opposite, on very short petioles, elliptical, or inversely egg- shaped, more or less blunt, entire, single-ribbed, or obscurely 3-ribbed, scarcely a quarter of an inch long ; rough on the upper surface with minute prominent points. Peduncles ( flower-stalks ) axillary, solitary, alternate, simple, naked, single-flowered, about as long as the leaves. Flowers small. Calyx in 3, broad, rounded, fleshy segments. Corolla of 3, somewhat inversely egg-shaped, concave, reddish, or pale flesh-coloured petals, longer than the calyx. Stamens 6 ; filaments awl-shaped, incurved, not longer than the petals. Jlnthers at first purplish, afterwards yellow. Styles 3. Capsule of 3 cells, and 3 valves. Seeds oblong, blunt, very slightly curved, and most beautifully ribbed, and transversely striated. This is a curious little plant, having the general appearance of Montia fontana, t. 196. It is of rare occurrence, and was first ob- served wild in Britain, in 1798, by the Rev. Mr. Williams. For the specimen from which the drawing for the accompanying plate was made, I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Edward Jenner, of Lewes, Sussex, who sent it to me from its locality in Maresfield Mill-pond, Sussex, August 14, 1842. Elatine Hydropiper, Engl. Bot. t. 2670, differs from this species in the greater number of the parts of its fructification, in the strap- shaped, longer, segments of its calyx, and in its seeds being very much curved, not almost straight. “ The world is a glasse wherein we may comtemplate the eternal! power and majestie of God : it is that great booke of so large a character, that a man may run and read it ; yea, even the simplest man that cannot read, may yet spell out of this booke that there is a God. Every shepheard hath this Calendar, and every ploughman this A. B. C.” I’URCIIAS. * ?v . »i • m vJi ■ * ‘ . t^cseis/t -. Pub ^by W Parte k Bolanu: ZarcUrv Oxford. IS Li, 2/aZ\tw$. DelSr Sc. (488.) TRIO'DIA * *. Linncan Class and Order. TRiA'NDRlAf, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Grami'neje, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 28. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 86. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 71 . — Lindl. Syn. p. 293. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 292. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 393. — Loud. Hurt. Brit. p. 542. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 294. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 426. — Gramina, Linn. — Graminales ; sect. Fes- tucin/E; type, Avenacea: ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 359, and 369. Gen. Char. Panicle somewhat racemose. Calyx (fig. 1.) of 2 nearly equal, clasping, awnless, pointed, egg-shaped, concave, keeled glumes, containing an egg-shaped, imbricated, tumid spi/telet (see fig. 2.), about its own length, of several 2-ranked, perfect florets (see figs. 2 Ik 3.), variously hairy at the base (see fig. 3 ), but with- out any complicated web. Corolla (fig. 2.) of 2, rather unequal, egg-shaped, rigid, concave palese, closely pressed together trans- versely ; the outer obscurely many-ribbed, not keeled ; flat and expanded at the edges ; deeply cloven at the summit, with an intermediate dorsal tooth, or awn, longer or shorter than the lateral points ; inner smaller, lining the cavity of the outer, fringed ; cloven or notched at the point. Nectary (fig. 5.) of 2 scales. Filaments (see fig. 3.) 3, hair-like. Anthers prominent, pendulous. Germen (see fig. 4.) oval, flat. Styles (see fig. 4.) 2, short, distinct. Stigmas cylindrical, feathery. Seed (see figs. 6 — 8.) loose, oval, depressed, convex on the outside, concave on the inner, closely pressed between the unchanged paleae. The somewhat racemose panicle ; the calyx of 2 nearly equal glumes, containing 3 or more florets ; and the corolla of 2 paleae, the outer one with 3 nearly equal teeth, the middle one of which is straight; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. TRIO'DIA DECUMBENS. Decumbent Heath-Grass, Spec. Char. Panicle nearly simple, close, upright Calyx- glumes smooth, containing about 4 florets ; the middle tooth of their paleae shortest. Ligula a tuft of hairs. Cray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 111. — Sm. Engl. FI. v. i. p. 131.— With. (7thed.)y. ii. p. 174. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 44. — Lindl. Syn. p. 311. — Sincl. Hort. Gram. Wob. p. 377. — FI. Devon, p. 17. — Johnst. FI. Berw. v. i. p. 24. — Winch’s FL of Northumb. and Durh. p. 6. — AValker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 24. — Bab. FI. Bath. pp. 57 and 100. — Murr. Northern FI. p. 65. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 24. — Irv. Lond. FL p. 98. — Baines’ FI. ofYorksh. p. 120. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 306. — Danthonia decumbens. D.C. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 268. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sara. p. 109. — Leight. FI. Shropsh. p. 53. — Festiica decumbens, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 110. — Leers’ FI. Herb. p. 34. t. 7. f. 5. — FI. Dan. t. 162. — With. 1st cd. v. i. p. 53. ; 2nd ed. v. i. p. 101. — Huds. FL Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 47. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. I. p. 424. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Spikelet. — Fig 3. A Floret. — Fig. 4. Germen, Styles, and Stigmas. — Fig. 5. Nectary, — Figs. 6, 7, & 8. Seeds. — All, except fig. 6, more or less magnified. * From treis, Gr. three ; and odous, Gr a tooth ; alluding to the three teeth of the paleaj. -t- See folio 56, note t. p. 102. — Sibtli. FI. Oxon. p. 46, — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 22. — Poa decumbent. With. (3rded.) v. ii. p. 147. — Engl. Bot. t. 792 — Knapp’s Gr. Brit. t. 59. — Sin. FI. Brit, v. i. p. 107. — With. (5th ed.) v. ii. p. 194. — Thomps. l’l. Berw. p. 12. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 10. — Host. Gr. Austr. v. ii. p. 52. t. 72. — Furt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. p. 81. — -Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 37. — Ilook. FI. Scot. p. 36. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 24. — Perry’s PI. Varvic. Sel. p. 9. — Mack. Catal. PI. of Irel. p. 14. — Melica decumbens, Web. Gott. p. 3. — Gramen avenaceum parvum procumbens, pa- niculis non aristatis, Kay’s Syn. p. 408. — Pluk. Phyt. t. 34. f. 1. — Gramen triticeum jialustre humilius, spied breviore, Moris, v. iii. p. 177. sect. 8. 1. 1. f. 6. Localities. — In bogs, barren sandy pastures, and on heaths, both in dry and moist situations ; frequent. Perennial. — Flowers in July and August. Root slightly creeping, fibrous. Culms from 4 to 18 inches long, decumbent, except when in flower, harsh, rigid, jointed, leafy, striated, and smooth. Leaves strap-shaped, taper-pointed, striated, rather glaucous, smooth, except towards the point, where the rib and edges are very rough. Sheaths long, striated, hairy especially near the top, entirely divided. Ligula ( stipula ) a tuft of hairs (see fig. 9). Panicle very simple, its branches angular, wavy and roughish. Spikelets few, turgid, of a violet tinge, containing about 4 florets. Calyx-glumes spear-shaped, equal, with a roughish keel. The Corolla (see fig. 3.) has two or more dense tufts of shining bristles at its base, with two intermediate depressions. Outer Palea with three teeth at the apex, the middle one shortest. Mr. Sinclair says, that this Grass appears to be but little sus- ceptible of improvement by being transplanted to a richer soil ; that it never appeared to be cropped by the Deer in the Park at Woburn ; and that it is late in the production of foliage in the Spring, and produces little after-grass, and is not, therefore, to be recommended for cultivation. The Natural Order Geaminfai is composed of glumaeeous monocotyledon- ous plants, with cylindrical, fistular stems (culms), closed at the joints, and covered with a coat of silex. Their leaves are alternate, one at each joint, with a sheath slit longitudinally on one side, having a membranous appendage (ligula) at its summit. Their flowers are small, and are disposed in spikes, panicles, or racemes, which are more or less branched ; they are usually perfect, but some- times monoecious or polygamous, and consist of imbricated bracteas, of which the most exterior are called glumes (calyx, Linn.9 (fig. 1.), the interior imme- diately enclosing the stamens Palece ( corolla , Linn. J (fig. 2.), and the inner- most at the base of the ovary scales (nectary, Linn-9 (fig. 5.). The glumes are usually 2 in number, and alternate ; sometimes single, most commonly un- equal, and enclose 1 or many florets (see fig. 2). The florets (fig. 3 ) consist of 2 alternate palece, the lower or exterior one simple, the upper or interior one composed of 2 united by their contiguous margins, and usually with two keels. The nectary, when present, consists of 2 scales (see fig. 5.), which are collateral, alternate with the pale®, and next the lower of them ; either distinct or united. The stamens are hypogynous (situated below the. germen). The anthers are versatile; the ovary is single; with 2, very rarely 1 or 3, styles ; and feathery or hairy stigmas. Th e pericarp usually forms one body with the seed ; and the embryo is lateral, on one side at the base of the farinaceous albumen. See Lindl. Syn. and Hook. Brit. FI., 4th edit. This family is one of the most natural in the vegetable kingdom, and also one of the highest importance to mankind, as it is composed of the true Grasses ; among which are wheat, rye, oats, barley, maize, panick, rice, millet, &c. It is ex- emplified in the following plates of this work ; viz. — t. 45 — 56 — 59 — 64 — 68 — 99 — 104—108—112—116 — 144 — 148 — 184—192—200—203—208—211—216—247— 252—256—288—292—300 — 324—332—344—348—372—408—412—416—444— 448—462 —476—480— 488 — 492—496. .*? » " Z rv • r. tyIfal&3?lanieGardtnCl*f0refc8£t. /& . /> leg MatieK-.Jtl&Si. (489 ) MYIil'CA* *. Linnean Class and Order DiCE'ciAf,, Tetran'driA. Natural Order. Myri'ce.®, Rich. — Lindl. Syn. p. 242. ; Intr. to Nat. Syst. of But. p. 100. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 543. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 25 7. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 420. — Myrica'- ce.-e, Lindl. Key, p. 57. — Loud. Fncy. of IV. and Sh. p- 934. — CasuarinejE, Mirbel. in Ann. Mus. v. xvi. p. 451. — R. Brown, in Flinder’s Voy. v. ii. p. 571. — Amentace.e, Linn. — Juss. (Jen. PI. p. 407. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 534 & 535. Gen. C’har. Dioecious, occasionally monoecious. Sterile Flowers in cylindrical sessile catkins (see fig. 1, & a.), loosely imbricated in every direction. Calyx (see fig. 2.) a single, egg-shaped, blunt- ish, concave scale (hractea Loud.,/ to each floret, longer than the stamens. Corolla none. Filaments (see fig. 2.) 4, rarely more, short, hair-like, upright, JInthers (see figs. 2 & 3.) vertical, large, of 2 divided lobes. — Fertile Flowers in egg-shaped, sessile catkins , closely imbricated (see fig. 4, & 6). Calyx (see fig. 5.) nearly as in the sterile flowers. Corolla none. Germen (see fig. 6.) egg- shaped, flattish, superior. Styles (see figs. 5 & 6.) 2, thread-shaped, spreading, longer than the calyx (braetea). Stigma simple, pointed. Berry ( Drupe, Lindl.,/ (see figs. 8 & 9.) various in substance, of 1 cell. Seed (fig. 10.) solitary, upright. The egg-shaped, sessile catkins, with concave scales ; the sterile flowers with from 4 to 6 stamens, with 4-valved aiithers ; and the fertile flowers with 2 styles, and a 1 -celled, 1 -seeded berry ; will distinguish this from other genera, without a coroila, in the same c'ass and order. One species British. MY RFC A GA'LE. Sweet Gale. Candleberry Myrtle. Dutch Myrtle. Sweet Willow. Gaule. Spec. Char. Stem shrubby. Leaves spear-shaped, broader upwards, distantly serrated in the upper part. Scales of the catkin pointed. Engl. Bot. t. 562.— Fl. Dan. p. 327.— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1453.— Hud. FI. Angl. (2nd ed. ) p. 432. — Willd Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. II. p. 745. — Sm. Fl. Brit v. iii. p. 1076; Engl. Fl. v iv. p. 239. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 250. — Lindl. Syn. p. 242. — Hook. Brit. Fl. p. 435. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 217. — Lightf. Fl. Scot. v. ii. p. 613. — Thomps. PI. of Berw. p. 96. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 94. — Pursh. Fl. Amer. Sept, v. ii. p. 620. — Uelh. Fl. Cant (3rd ed.) p. 407.— Hook. Fl. Scot. p. 288.— Fl. Dev. pp. 159 & 135 — Johnst. Fl. Berw. v. i. p. 219. — Winch’s Fl. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 64. — Loud. Arl). et Frutic. Brit. v. iv. p. 2056. f. 1966. ; Ency. of Tr. and Sh. p. 934. f. 1742. — Dick. Fl. Ahred. p. 58. — Xrv. Lond. Fl. p. 115. — Baines’ Fl. of Yorksh. p. 94. — Leight. Fl. of Shrop. p. 493. — Mack. Catal. of PI. of Irel. p. 85. ; Fl. Hibern. p. 257. — Myrica Brabantica, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 249.— Gate frutex odoratus Septentrionalium, Eleeagnus Cordo, Ray’s Syn. p. 443. — Bauh. Hist. v. i. pt. ii. p.224, with a figure. — Black. Sp. Bot. p. 25. — Myrtus brabantica, sive Eleeagnus Cordi, Johns. Ger. p. 1414, with a figure.— Merr. Pin. p $2. — Bhus sylvestris sive Myrtus Brabantica vet Anqlica, Park.Theat. Bot. p. 1451. f. 5. Fig. 1, & o. Sterile Catkins. — Fig. 2. A separate Flower. — Fig. 3. An Anther. — Fig. 4, & b. Fertile Catkins. — Fig. 5. A separate Flower. — Fig. 6. Styles. — Fig. 7. Fertile Ripe Catkins. — Fig. 8. A Berry.— Fig. 9. Section of same. — Fig. 10. A Seed. — All, except a, b, and figs. 7, 8, 9, & 10, magnified. ' • From muron, Gr. sweet ointment ; in reference to its fragrance, f See folio 143. Localities. — In bogs and marshes, espeaially on a gravelly soil.— Berks ; Golden Gully, near Newbury: Mr. Bicheno, in Mavor’s Ayr. of Berks. — Cambridgesh. Isle of Ely: Rev. R. Rilhan. — Cheshire; Near Whitchurch, so plentifully, that the place where it grows is called Gule Moor : Mr. V ernon, in Blackst. Sp. Bot.— Cornwall ; Marsh, Gulval, and Ludgvan : Dr. Forbes. .At Swan Pool, near Falmouth; and near St. Just: Rev. J. P. Jones, in l'ot. Tour. — Cumberland ; Common about the Lakes: N. J. Winch, Esq. — Zleuon ; Bovey Heathfield, near the Coal Pits ; ILington; Manalon ; Ashhuiton ; Holme, &c. : FI. Devon.— Dorset; About Wareham : Ray. — Essex; Found near Mr. Warner’s Gravel-pit Pond, at Woodford Row, Woodford: Mr. R. Warner; 1771. — Hants; Near R ufus’s Monument in the New Forest: Withering. In a bog above a large pond about a nice beyond lichen Ferry from Southampton : Mr. F’,. Jenner. — Kent; On Willsborough Lees, near Ashford, plentifully: K. Jacob, Ksq. ; 1777 — Lancashire ; Halsall Moss; Woolton Moss ; and Chat Moss: G, Croseiild, Esq — Lincolnsh. In the Fens: Meriiett; 1666. — Middlesex ; On Hounslow Heath : ibid.— Norfolk ; Dorsingham Moor: M a n- tyn. — Northumb. On moors near Harboltle Castle; and by Roadley Lake; on the South side of Tyne opposite Hepple; between W'oodhall and Huibottle; and on r he banks of Kimmer Lake near Ellingham-: FI. of Northumb. andJDurh. — Shropsh. I n Moreton Moors, three miles from Blymhill: Rev. S. Dickenson. Moss at Walford and Yestalls, near Walford ; Marbury Bog; Bogs near Elles- mrre; about l ee, near Ellesmere; and at 'l wyford Vownog near Westfelton, in great abundance: FI. Shropsh. — Surrey; Plentiful in a bog by Caesar’s Camp near F’arnham: Mr. W. W. Reeves. — Sussex; On Wateidown Forest, abundant by the bridge on the road from Tunbridge Wells to Bellsewe Green, and on each side of the stream as low down as Benhill Water Mill: Mr. E. Jennnii. At Berkley: Mr. W. W. Ref.vis- — Westmoreland ; Common about the Lakes: N. J. Winch, Esq. — Yorksh. Askham Bogs and Langwith, near York; coveting many acres at Lowland ; A nstwick Moss ; and Newton Dale, near Pickering : Mr. Baines, in Yorksh. FI. — Not uncommon in Wales. — Abundant in bogs and moorish ground in Scotland and Ireland. A Shrub. — Flowers in May. Stems upright, busby, 3 or 4 feet high, much branched : branches alternate, slender, pubescent, rust-coloured, and sprinkled with white dots. Leaves alternate, on short petioles, inversely egg- spear-shaped, pointed ; entire and tapering towards the base, dis- tantly serrated in the upper part, about an inch and a half lon£, deciduous, dark green on the upper surface, paler underneath, smooth, but covered with resinous dots, which emit a delightful fragrance when bruised. Catkins numerous, sessile, lateral, and terminal, formed during Summer in the axils of the leaves, and remaining through the Winter, expand the following Spring, before the leaves. Scales of the sterile catkins of a red shining brown ; the lower ones of the fertile catkins hairy towards the tip. Berries very small, covered with resinous dots, rather globose, angular, taper-pointed, with 3 shallow clefts, a small tooth being fixed to each (see fig. 8). Though the sterile and fertile flowers are ge- nerally produced on different plants, they are sometimes found on the same plant. — The specimen from which the drawing for the accompanying plate was made, was kindly communicated to me by my much-esteemed friend Mr. E. Jennek, of Lewes, Sussex, from whom I received a great number of specimens of the same plant, and all, like the one figured, monoecious. The Myhice/e are monoecious ov dioecious, amentaceous shrubs with resinous glands and dots, alternate, simple, leaves, and apetalous flowers. The sterile flowers have from 1 to 8 stamens ; with 2- or 4-celled anthers, opening length- wise — Their fertile flowers have a 1-celled ovary, surrounded by hypogynous persistent scales. Their fruit is drupaceous, often covered with waxy secretions, or dry. The seed is solitary, and erect ; and th# embryo is without albumen. (490.) DI'PSACUS* * Linnean Class and Order. Tetra'ndria f, Monogy'nfa. Natural Order. Dipsa'ce.$:+, Juss. Gen. PL p. 194. — Sm. Gr. of Bot. p. 125. — Lindl. Syn. p. 139. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 196. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 457. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 520. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 680. — Mack. FI. Hib. p. 140. — Hook. Brir. FI. (4th ed.) p. 410. — Syringales; subord. Asteros.e ; sect. Valerina? ; type, Dipsacea? ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 900, 901, 916, and 918. — Aggregate, Linn. Gen. Char. Flowers aggregate. Involucrum of many spread- ing, permanent leaves, (see fig. 1.) longer than the bracteas ^scales of the receptacle^ (see fig. 6). Involucellum ( outer calyx) (fig. 2, a. and fig. 5, a.) 4-sided, very minute, forming a thickened margin to the germen. Calyx (fig. 2, b. and fig. 5, b.) cup-shaped, ciliated at the margin. Corolla (see fig- 2.) of 1 petal, tubular; the limb in 4 or 5 lobes, upright ; the outer segment largest. Fi la- ments (see figs. 2 &3.) 4, hair-like, from the mouth of the corolla, longer than its limb. Anthers oblong, incumbent. Germen (see figs. 2 k 4.) inferior. Style (see fig. 4.) thread-shaped, the length of the corolla. Stigma simple, or cloven. Seed (see figs. 4 & 5.) solitary, oblong, angular, with 8 depressed pores, crowned with the calyx, and inclosed within the involucellum. Receptacle of the flowers conical, beset with the bracteas or scales (see fig. 6.), which separate the flowers, and extend beyond them. The many-leaved involucrum, longer than the bracteas ; the 4-stded involucellum, forming a thickened margin to the germen ; the cup-shaped calyx ; the solitary seed ; and the receptacle with scales, or bracteas, extending beyond the flowers; will distinguish this from other genera, with a monopetalous, superior corolla, in the same class and order. Three species British. DI'PSACUS SYLVE'STRIS. Wild Teasel. Venus’s Basin. Spec. Char. Stem prickly. Leaves opposite, usually connate at the base. Scales of the Receptacle straight at the extremity. Leaves of the Involucrum curved upwards. Engl. Bot. t. 1032. — Curt. FI. Lond. t. 202. — Jacq. FI. Anstr. t. 402. — FI. Dan. t 965. — Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 1167. f. 2. — Park. Theatr. p. 984 f. 2. — Ray’s. Syn. p. 192 — Threl. Syn. Hibcrn. — Linn. Syst. Yog. (15th edit.) p. 147. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt i. p. 544. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 168. ; Engl. FI. ▼ i. p. 193. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 216. — Gray’s Nat. An*, v. ii. p. 475. — Lindl. Syn. p. 139.— Hook. Brit. FI. p 60. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 115 — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 682. — Sibthovp. FI. Oxon. p. 54. — Abb. FI Bedf. p. 29. —Davies’ Welsh. Bot. p. 14. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 94. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed ) p. 55. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 49. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 34. — FI. Dev. pp. 25 and 161. — Johnst. FI. Berw. ▼. i. p. 35. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 9. — Walker’s FI. FI. of Oxf. p. 34. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 24. ; Prim. FI. Sarn. p. 49. — lrr. Loud. FI. Fig. 1. Involucium. — Fig. 2. A separate Flower; a. the Involucellum ; b. the Calyx. — Fig. 3. Stamens. — Fig. 4. Germen, Style, and Stigma. — Fig. 5. Fruit, crowned with the involucrum, a; and the calyx, — Fig. 6. A Bractea. — Fig. 7. Portion of the stem, showing a pair of leaves united at the base, and forming a kind of cup or basin. * From dipsao, Gr. to be thirsty ; probably from the connate leaves holding water, •f See fol. 114, note -j-. J See ful. 179, a. p 155. — Lux(. Reig. FI. p. 11. — Cow. FI. Guid<\ p. 29. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 55. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 67. — Gulliv. PI. of Banb. p. 3. — Beesley’s Hist, of Banb. p 582. — Mack. Catal. PI. of Irel. p. 17. ; FI. Hibern. p. 141. — Dipsacus fullonum , Liglitf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 113. — D fullonum , a. Linn. Sp. PI, p. 140. — Huds, FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 61. — Labrum Veneris , Lob. Icon, v, ii. p. 25, w ith a figure. Localities. — In hedges and wroods; and by road-sides, and sides of wet ditches, rivers, canals. See. ; frequent. Bienrtiel. — Flowers in July and August. Root simple, with large fibres. Stem upright, from 3 to 6 feet high, branched, cylindrical, polished, striated, leafy, hollow, prickly, prickles near the base but few, near the heads very numerous, long, and sharp. Root-leaves (of the first year’s plant) egg-oblong, bluritish, spread on the ground in a circular form, notched, wrinkled, and rough with prickles thinly scattered over the leaf ; stem-leaves opposite, sessile, connate at the base, especially the lower ones, strap-spear-shaped, occasionally waved or toothed, smooth, with a strong midrib, which is furnished with distant hooked prickles on the under side. Heads of Flowers numerous, oblong-egg-shaped, terminating the stem and branches ; on strongly ribbed and fur- rowed stalks, their ribs set with strong, projecting prickles. Invo- lucrum of many leaves, outer ones longer than the head of flowers, inner ones shorter, all curved upwards, their margins and mid-ribs prickly. Corolla light purple or lilac, 4-cleft, those about the middle of the head opening first. Scales of the receptacle fbracteas ) (see fig. 6.) as long as the stamens, rigid, bearded, hollow and some- what triangular at bottom ; straight and taper pointed at the summit. This species is a native of most parts of Europe,- also of Siberia ; it affords a good example of what is termed a connate leaf (folium connatum) . The leaves are opposite, and so united at the base as to form a kind of cup, in which the rains collect, so that the stem is completely surrounded by water at the places from which the leaves arise. The water thus collected is said to cure warts on the hands, if several times washed with it, and to serve as a beauty wash for the face ; hence Ray conjectures that this plant might have received its name of Labium Veneris. It is also supposed to be good for the eyes. “ In desert countries,” says an ingenious author, “ the weary and severed traveller would often exchange the whole of his property for the luxury of a draught from one of these water-lodging plants ; but in this country the moisture is of more use to the plant itself than to the passenger or to the possessor.” — “ Indeed,” observes Dr. Withering, “ this curious structure would appear, in the present instance, to be rather destructive than pre- servative of animal life, for in the basins formed by these connate leaves, many insects are drowned ; so that Dipsacus may rank among the vegetable Muscicapee." — Mr. Francis, in his Little English Flora, says, that the old receptacles are called by the country children of Essex, and other places, Barber’s Brushes, and they form, when the seeds have fallen out, if not a good-shaped, at least a very penetrating hair brush. — Cattle in general, even the Ass, appear to avoid this plant ; and its dried stems usually remain through the Winter. (491.) ANGE'LICA * *. Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria •(-, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Umbelli'fer;e J, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 218. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lindl. Syn. p. 111.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463 — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 517. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. & Bot. v. iii. p. 235. — Mack. FI. llibern. p. 113. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 408. — Umbellat.e, Linn. — Rosales; sect. Angelicinaj; type, Angelicacea? ; subtype, Angelicida: ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 770, 773, and 774. Gen. Char. Flowers all perfect, prolific, and regular. Calyx none. Corolla (see fig. 1.) of 5 equal, spear-shaped, flattish, entire petals, straight or incurved at the point, contracted at the base. Filaments (see fig. 1.) 5, thread-shaped, spreading, longer than the corolla. Anthers roundish. Germ.cn (see fig. 2.) inferior, egg- shaped, strongly furrowed. Styles (see fig. 2.) 2, in the flower very short, upright, broad and tumid at the base ; subsequently elongated, and recurved. Stigmas capitate. Floral Receptacle (see fig. 2.) thin, wavy, projecting a little beyond the bases of the styles as the fruit advances to maturity. Fruit (figs 3 & 4.) not prickly nor beaked, compressed at the back, with two wings on each side. Carpels (seeds, Sm.) with 5 primary ridges, of which the 3 dorsal ones are elevated and filiform, and the 2 lateral ones dilated into a wing twice as broad as the rest. Interstices ( channels ) with one or more vittce. Seed nearly flat on one side, convex on the other. — Universal lnvolucrum few -leaved or none ; partial involucrum many-leaved. Flowers white or purplish. The obsolete calyx ; the corolla of 5 spear-shaped, entire petals, straight or incurved at the point; the flat, not prickly fruit ; and the carpels with 3 elevated dorsal ridges, the two lateral ones spreading into the broad wings of the fruit ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Two species British. ANGE'LICA SYLVESTRIS. Wild Angelica. Spec. Char. Leaflets equal, egg-shaped, serrated at the base, somewhat lobed. Fruit with the interstices of the ridges having single vittae. Engl. Bot. t. 1128. — Ray’s Syn. p. 208. — Johnson’s Gerardo, p. 999. f. 2. — Park. Theatr. Bot. p. 940. f. 2.— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 361.— Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 118. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. ii. p. 1429. — Woodv. Med. Bot. Suppl. p. 139. t. 265. — Sm. F). Brit. v. i. p. 311. ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 81. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 378. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 519. — Lind. Syn. p. 117 — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 119. — Decand. l'rod. v. iv. p. 168 —Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 323. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 102. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 160. — Sibthorp. FI. Oxon. p. 96. — Abb. Fig. 1. A separate Flower. — Fig. 2. Germen, Floral Receptacle, Styles, and Stiymas. — Fig. 3. A Fruit. — Fig. 4. Transverse section of the same. — All magnified. - * From Angelas, Lat. an Angel ; from its most agreeable odour, and its cordial and mcdiciual properties. •f See folio 48, note f. } See folio 235, a. FI. Iiedf. p. 61. — Thomp. PI. of Borw. p. SI. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 28. — Purt. Midi. FI. V. i. p. 144,— Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 117.— Hook. FI. Scot. p. 90.— Grew. FI. Edin. p. 64 — FI. Devon, p. 50. — Joluist. FI. Berw. v. i. p. 70. — Wincli’s FI. of Northumb. and Duvh. p. 19. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 83. — Bab. FI. Bath, p. 20.; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 44. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 31. — Irv. Bond. FI. p. 196. — Luxf. Reig. Fl.p.25. — Bain’ FI. ofYorksh p. 45. — Leigh. FI. of Shropsh. p.127. — • Gull. PI. Banb. p. 6. — Beesl Hist, of Banb. p. 581. — Mack. Catal. PI. of Irel. p. 28. ; FI. Hibern. p. 116. — Angelica sylvestris major, Bauli. Pin. p. 1 55. — Ange- lica palustris, Riv. I’entap. Irr. t. 17. — Water Angelica, Pet. II. Brit. t. 24. f. 10. — Imperatoria sylvestris, Decand. FI. Fr. v. iv. p. 286. Localities. — Moist woods, marshy places, and along the banks of rivers and wet ditches ; frequent. Perennial. — Flowers in July and August. Root thick, tapering, branched, and fibrous. Stem upright, from 3 to 5 feet high, branched, leafy, hollow, cylindrical, striated, smooth, pollished, often purplish, covered upwards with a fine glaucous pubescence which easily rubs off. Leaves alternate, large, compound, twice- or thrice-pinnate, a little glaucous ; leaflets egg-shaped or egg-spear-shaped, pointed, unequally and sharply serrated, never decurrent at the base. Petioles ( leafstalks ) chan- nelled on the upper surface, those of the stem-leaves especially very much dilated and tumid at the base ; somewhat membranous, and many-ribbed. Umbels large, convex, with numerous, downy, general and partial rays. Universal Involuerum none, or of 1 or 2 small slender leaves ; partial Involuerum of many similar leaves, but smaller. Floivers numerous, small, white, or more generally flesh-coloured. Petals nearly equal, somewhat egg-shaped, point- ed, their points uprightish. Fruit roundish, small, the channels with single vittae. This is a large, handsome, herbaceous plant; native of Europe, Siberia, and Caucasus. It is warm, acrid, bitter, and aromatic ; but the cultivated kind [Angelica Archangelica) possessing those properties in a higher degree, this has been long neglected. The caterpillar of the swallow-tailed Butterfly (Papilio Machaon, Shaw’s Nat. Misc. v. xi. t. 398.) is said to feed upon it. Cows, goats, and swine eat it ; horses refuse it. It renders hay ungrateful to cattle. The herb is said to dye a good yellow. A species of Erysiphe is frequent on the living leaves of this species in the Summer and Autumn, about Oxford ; and on the dead stems, in the Winter and Spring months, may be found the following parasitic fungi — Sphrc'ria Dolidlum, Pers. ; Sphee'ria herbarum, Pers. ; and Pha- cidium Patella , Tode. The latter is a beautiful species, and is not uncommon in a perfectly developed state in Bagley Wood, near Oxford. My specimens were collected in May, on dead stems that had remained through the preceding Winter. The oilier British species of Angelica, Angelica Archangelica , ( Archangelica officinalis, of Hoffmann, Dkcandolle, and Lind- lky,) is distinguished from this by its much larger size, its lobed terminal leaflet, and especially by its seed being free and covered all over with numerous vittcc. 492 st&batfo yf./u]c $enfca&q&$. * ^ -Put fbf ffBaxicrBfi&tt: Garden ?j&r£’S:t (492.) AGRO'STIS* *. Linnean Class and Order. TrtiA'NDRiAf, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Grami'ne^e, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 28. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 86. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 71 . — Lindl. Syn. p. 293. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 292. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 393. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 542. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 294. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 426. — Gramina, Linn. — Graminales; sect. Ff:s- tucina;; type, Agrostidace^e ; Burn Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 359, and 371 . Gen. Char. Inflorescence panicled. Panicle loose. Spihelets (tig. 1.) single-flowered. Calyx (see fig. 1.) of 2 rather unequal, pointed, keeled, folded, clasping, awnless, permanent glumes, longer than the corolla. Corolla (see fig. 2.) of 2 unequal, membranous, ribbed paleae, unchanged after flowering, with a tuft or two of hairs at the base ; the larger palea bearing, constantly in some species, a rough, dorsal awn, which in others is most generally wanting ; the smaller palea constantly awnless, more membranous, various in size, and occasionally wanting. Nectary of 2 minute scales, some- times combined. Filaments (see figs. 1 & 2.) 3, hair-like, longer than the glumes. Anthers deeply divided at each end. Germen (see figs. 2 & 3.) egg-shaped. Styles (see figs. 2 & 3.) 2, short. Stigmas densely feathery Seed (fig. 4.) egg-shaped, pollished, loose, wrapped in the unaltered corolla. The loose panicle ; the single-flowered spikelets ; the calyx of 2 rather unequal glumes, longer than the corolla ; the corolla of 2 unequal, membranous palea, the inner sometimes wanting, the outer with or without an awn ; and the loose seed ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Five species British. AGRO'STIS ALBA. White Bent-grass. Marsh Bent-grass. White Squitch. Squitch. Spec. Char. Branches of the panicle hispid ; branchlets spread- ing. Calyx-glumes spear-shaped, bristly at the keel. Stem spreading, creeping. Stipula (ligula) oblong, ribbed (see fig. 6). Engl. Bot. t. 1189. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 93. — Willd. Sp. PI. v i. pt. l. p. 371. — Sir. FI. Blit. v. i. p. 81 ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 93. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii p. 156. — I.ind. Syr. p. 203.— Hook. Brit. FI. p. 34. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 262. — Lightf. FI. Scot, v. i. p. 93? — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 37. — Abbot's FI. Bcdf. p. 14. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 8. — Schrad. FI Germ. v. i. p. 209, a & (3, t. 2. f. 1. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 70. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rded.) p. 30. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 25. — (irev. FI. Edin. p. 17. — FI. Devon, pp. 12 & 121. — Johnst. Ft. Berw. v. i. p. 20 — Winch’s FI, of Northumh. and Durh. p. 5. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 19. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 56. ; Prim. FI. Sarr. p. 107. — Murr. Northern FI. p. 49 — Dick. FI Ahred. p 23. — Luxf. Iteig. FI. p. 7. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 19. — Baines’ FI. Yorksh. p. 118. — Leight. Ft. of Shropsh. p. 57. — Beesl. Hist, of Banb. p. 591. — Mack. Catal. Pi. of Irel. p. 12 ; FI. Hibern. p. 298. — Agrostis mutabilis, Knapp. Gram. Brit. t. 28 — A. polymorpha, var. palustris, Iluds FI. Angl. (2nded) p. 32. — A. palustris, Sind. Hort. Gram. Wob. p. 348. — A. capillaris. Leers’ FI. Herb. p. 20. t. 4. f. 3 1— .4. stolanifera lati- Fig. 1. Calyx, Corolla, See. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Fig. 3. Germen and Styles. — Fig. 4. Seed. — Fig. 5. Nectary. — Fig. f). Stipula. — All magnified. * From agros, Gr. a field ; given by the Greeks to grasses generally, from their abundance in such situations. t See folio 56, note t. | See folio 488, a. folia, Sind. Hort. Gram. Wob. p. 347 ; also aristata, p. 340. — Vilfa alba. Gray’* Nat. Arr. v. ii p. 145. — Gramen miliacamm majus, paniculd spadiced, n. 11 ; and also paniculi viridi, n. 12. Dill, in Ray’s Syn. p. 404. Localities. — In moist meadows and fields ; common. Perennial. — Flowers in July and August. Root fibrous. Culms (stems) 2 or 3 feet long, decumbent, more or less branched, smooth, striated, leafy, sending out roots from the lower joints. Leaves flat, broad, taper-pointed, ribbed, very rough, especially at the edges. Sheaths long, striated, smooth, oc- casionally rough, entirely divided. Stipula ( ligula ) oblong, blunt, torn. Panicle from 2 to 6 inches, or more, long, rather contracted, especially before flowering, its branches spreading, unequal, waved, rough, pale green or purplish. Calyx-glumes nearly equal, spear- shaped, smooth, except on the keel. Corolla of 2 unequal, pale, thin, membranous palece, the anther of which is largest, and has 5 nerves, and as many teeth ; the inner is smaller, and only faintly 2- or 3-nerved at the base, with a blunt, nearly entire point. Styles very short, Stigmas thick and feathery. When the culms become more extensively creeping, and the branches of the panicle densely tufted, it is then the Agrostis stolonifera of Linnajus, and also of Engl. Bot t. 1532; Mart. FI. Rust. t. 120 ; Knapp’s Gram. Brit. t. 27. and 1. 1 16. ; and Loudon’s Encyclopaedia of Agriculture, p. 892. par. 5687. It is also the Agrostis alba of Leers’ FI. Herborn. p. 21. t. 4. f. 5.; and the Gramen caninum supinum, or Upright Dog's-grass, of Johnson’s edition of Gerarde’s Herbal, p. 26. f. 1. This variety of Agrostis alba is considered to be the same with the Fiorin-grass of Dr. Richardson, and the Irish Agriculturists, but it has never been cultivated to any extent in this country, though in Ireland its produce, on moist peat soils, and bogs, is said to be very great. Dr. Richardson, who first brought this grass into notice, (in 1809,) considered it to be superior to all other grasses, and wrote several pamphlets to recommend its cultivation. In those pamphlets many experiments are detailed, tending to prove that Fiorin-grass produces hay preferred by cattle to all other, and near treble the quantity afforded by any other grass ; that this enormous produce is not the exhausting effect of a single year, but the regular crop to be expected ; that this succulent grass is equally serviceable for Winter green food; that it is, in a great degree, indifferent to the extremes of wet or draught, and perfectly insensible to the severities of cold ; and that its universality of growth is most remarkable. It abounds in morasses and moors where other grasses cannot contend with it, on thin dry soil as well as wet, extending up the bleakest mountains of our harsh climates, and therefore appears particularly suitable to unproductive, exten- sive tracts. (See Withering’s Arrangement of Brit. Plants, 7ih edit. v. ii. p. 158). On dry soils this grass is said to be worth nothing. Tea has been made from fiorin , and found useful in rear- ing calves, being mixed with oatmeal and skimmed milk. Much information relating to this Grass may be found in the “ Letters and Papers of the Bath and West of England Agricultural Society,” v.xiii p. 1 — 53; Curtis’s “ Observations on the British Grasses, 5th ed. p. 91 — 98 ; Dutton’s “ Agricultural Survey of the County of Galway,” p. 128 — 134 ; and Loudon’s ‘'Encyclopaedia of Agriculture,” p. 892. ■ ' - V I . * - ■ • •- ■ • ■ ML* '■ ‘ s’ 18’. • .. .. 1 * ■■ ■. ■ ‘ , . ' .. •• ’ * ... 4- (403.) ME'SPILUS* * Linnean Class and Order. Icosa'ndria f, Pentagy'nia. Natural Order. Poma'cea? +, Linn. — Lindl. in Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. xiii. p. 93. ; Syn. p. 103. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 83. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p.597. — Rosa'ce.® ; tribe, Poma'ce^e, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 334. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. pp. 171 and 172. — Rich, by Macgilliv. pp. 528 & 530. — Loud. Hort. Brit, pp. 512 & 513. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 405. — Rosales ; subtype, Pyrid.e, Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614 & 695. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. l,a.) superior, of 1 sepal, in 5 deep, leafy, permanent segments. Corolla (fig. 2.) of 5 roundish, con- cave, wavy petals, attached to the rim of the calyx. Filaments (fig. 1, b.) about 20, awl-shaped, incurved, fixed to the rim of the calyx, within the petals. Anthers roundish, 2-lobed. Germcn (fig. 1, d.) inferior, turbinate or roundish. Disk large, secreting much honey. Styles (fig. 1, c.) 2 to 5, upright, smooth. Fruit (fig. 3.) turbinate, 5-celled, with the upper ends of the cells, which are bony, exposed. Seeds (see figs. 4 & 5.) 2 in each cell, up- right, inversely egg-shaped, blunt, pointed at the base, where they are attached. The superior, monophyllous calyx, in 5 deep, leaf-like, perma- nent segments ; the corolla of 5 roundish petals ; the large, honey- bearing disk; the smooth styles ; and the turbinate, 5-celled fruit, with the upper ends of the cells, which are bony, exposed ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. ME'SPILUS GERMA'NICA. German Medlar. Common Medlar. Spec. Char. Leaves spear-shaped, undivided, a little downy, but most so beneath. Flowers solitary, nearly sessile, terminal. Styles five. Engl. Bot. t. 1523. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 684. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed. ) p. 217. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. ii. pt. II. p. 1010. — Sm. Ft. Brit. v. ii. p. 530 ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 360. — With. (7th ed.) v. iii. p.599. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p.566. — Lindt. Syn. p. 104. — Hook. Brit. Ft. p. 221. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 74. — Decand. Prod. v. ii. p. 633. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p. 605. — Loud. Encycl. of Gard. (new edit.) p. 905. paragr. 4873. ; Arb. et Frutic. Brit. v. ii. p. 877.; and v. vi. t. 123. ; Eneyct. of Tr. and Shr. p. 415. f. 759. — Rev. G. E. Smith’s l’l. of S. Kent, p. 28. — FI. Devon, pp. 83 & 170. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sam. p. 34. — Irv. Lond. Fi. p. 251. — Luxf. Reig. Ft. p. 43. — Mespilus, Dod. I’empt. p. 801, with a figure. — Trag. Hist. p. 1014, with a figure. Dill, in Ray’s Syn. p. 453. — Mespilus saliva, Johns. Ger. p. 1453. f. 1. — Mespilus vulgaris , Park. Farad, p. 568. t. 569. f. 3. Fig. 1. A Flower, deprived of its petals.; a. Calyx; b. Stamens; c. Styles; d. Section of the Germen. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Fig. 3. A Fruit. — Fig. 4. Transverse section of Fruit. — Fig. 5. Section of the Seed. * From mesos, Gr. the half ; and pitas, Gr. a bullet ; the fruit resembling half a bullet. f See folio 100, note t. 4 See folio 402, a. Localities.— In hedges; very rare. — Cheshire; In all the hedges about Minshull : I\Ir. Du Bois, in Ray’s Syn. — Devon ; In a hedge on the right-hand side of the Biddeford road, near the Marsh, about' six miles and a half from Barnstable: Polwhei.e. In an exposed hedge, parting a furze brake, at Lea- wood, the seat of C. P. Hamlyn, Ksq., in the parish of Bridstoiv ; the seeds may have been originally conveyed there by birds: FI. Devon. — Kent; In a wood upon Broadmead near the road to the Cherry Garden: Rev.G. E. Smith. — Surrey ; In its wild, thorny state, in a hedge near the top of Redstone Hill, left-hand of the Nutfield road, where I have observed it for many years: Mr. Luxfori), in Reiy. FI.— Sussex ; About Ashburnham, truly wild ; Rev. J. Davies. Hedges in two places at Ilenfield, and one in Hurstpier- point : N.B.G. Two or three trees, apparently wild, in Ore Lane, Hastings, on the right, just before coming to the descent near Dr. Kearon’s house ; woods at the Old Road, Hastings; hedges at the back of St. Leonard’s, between Catfield and Ninfield : Dr. W. A. Bromeield, in N. B. G. — Worcestersh. In a coppice bordering Deerhurst Lane, opposite the Lower Lodge, near Tewkesbury, a spot almost overgrown with underwood, the lane being merely a rough horse-track: Mr. E. Lees. Tree. — Flowers in May and June. A small or middle-sized branching tree. Branches spreading ; thorny in a wild state, covered with an ash-coloured bark. Leaves deciduous, alternate, spreading, on short petioles, oblong-spear- shaped, wavy, generally entire, single-ribbed, 4 or 5 inches long, mostly downy beneath; assuming a handsome stellate form of growth. Flowers (see fig. 2.) solitary, at the summit of each branch, on short downy peduncles (flower-stalks), large, with white, undulated petals , scentless. Calyx (see fig. 1, a.) with long, nar- row, downy, permanent segments (see fig. 3). Styles (see fig. 1, c.) 5, club-shaped, encompassed at the base with an elevated ring arising from the floral receptacle. Fruit (fig. 3.) depressed, con- cave at the top, fleshy ; reddish-brown, somewhat hairy, contain- ing 5 gibbous, wrinkled, 1-celled stones, in each of which are 2 seeds, but one is usually abortive ; pulp thick, mixed with callose granules (see fig. 4). This is a tree of very unequal, often humble and deformed, growth. It is a native of Europe and Siberia, in woods and among bushes, and in a wild state it is furnished with shining thorns, which disappear by culture. Several varieties are cultivated in gardens for the sake of the fruit, which, when firm and sound, is of a singularly austere disagreeable taste ; but having lain some time after being gathered, till it assumes a state of decay, and becomes soft, it aquires a flavour extremely agreeable to many, though to others altogether unpalatable. Medlars should be gathered towards the end of October, or the beginning of November, when some should be laid in moist bran, (in several layers,) to forward their decay ; others on straw in the fruitery ; those in the bran will begin to be ready for use in about a ortnight, and those laid on straw will come gradually forward in succession. — Encyclop. Brit. I have, some seasons, observed JEcidium laceratum (a parasitic fungus) to be very abundant on the leaves of the Medlar-tree in the vicinity of Oxford. The drawing for the accompanying plate was made from garden specimens, for which I am indebted to Mr. B. Robinson ; and Mr. Quartebman, Gardener, at the Radeliffe Observatory. The fruit of the wild variety is described as being small, dry, and worthless. (494.) LIMBA'RDA.* *. Linnean Class Sj- Order. Syngene'sia f, Polyga'mia, Supe'r- flua X- Natural Order. CoMPo'siTJEg, tribe, Corymei'fer-e ||. Juss. — — Lindl. Syn. pp. 140 & 142. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 197 and 199. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 142. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 410. — Compo'sit.e ; subord. Cardua'ce.® ; Loud. Hort. Brit, pp. 520 & 521. — Synanthf/re.® ; tribe, Corymbiferje, Rich, by Macgilliv. pp. 454 & 455. — Corymbifer^e, sect. 2. Juss. Gen. PI. pp. 177 & 180.— Sm. Gram, of Bot. pp. 121 and 123.— Sy- ringales; subord. Asterosa?; sect. Asterin.e; subsect. As- terian/e; type, Astkraceas, Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 900, 901, 920, 924, & 926. — Compo'sit.e, Linn. Gen. Char. Involucrum f common calyx) (fig. 1.) imbricated; scales narrow, simple, without any appendage. Corolla compound* radiant ; florets of the disk (fig. 4.) numerous, perfect, tubular* with 5 equal segments ; florets of the ray (fig. 2.) strap-shaped* 3-toothed, yellow. Filaments (see fig. 5.) 5, in the florets of the disk only, thread-shaped. Anthers united into a cylindrical tube, with bristles at their base (see figs. 5 & 6). Germen (see fig. 4.) in all the florets fertile, oblong. Style (see figs. 2 to 5.) thread- shaped, cloven. Stigmas spreading, oblong, rather blunt. Seed- vessel none, but the unaltered involucrum. Seed linear, quadrangu- lar. Pappus (see figs. 2 to 5, & fig. 8.) simple, rough. Receptacle (see figs. 7 & 9.) naked. The imbricated involucrum of many narrow, simple scales ; the anthers with 2 bristles at their base; the naked receptacle; and simple, rough pappus ; will distinguish this from other genera, with radiant flowers, in the same class and order. The narrow simple scales of the involucrum will distinguish it from I'nula, t. 265. ; and the simple pappus from Pulicaria, 1. 170. One species British. LIMBA'RDA TRICU'SPIS. Three-pointed Limbarda. Golden Samphire. Samphire-leaved Flea-bane. Spec. Char. Leaves strap-shaped, fleshy, generally 3-toothed at the extremity. Limba'rda TRicu'.sris, Cassini. — Lindl. Syn. p 143. — Limbarda crithmoldes. Hook. Brit. FI. p. 363. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 143. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 275. — I'nula crithmoldes , Engl. Bot. t. 68. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1240. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd cd. ) p. 369. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 893. ; Engl. FI. v.iii. p. 442. — With. (7th ed.) v. iii. p. 946. — Ilook. Brit. FI. 4th ed. p. 306 ; 5th ed. p. 197. — Macr. Man Brit. Bot. p. 124. — Davies* WTelsh Bot. p. 79. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 245. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sam. p. 50. — Tuula crithmifolia, Linn. Syst. Veg. 13th ed. p. 638 ; 15th ed. p. 809. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. Hi. p. 2101. — With. (2nd edit.) v. ii. p. 924. — Lightf. FI, Fig. 1. Involucrum. — Fig. 2. A Floret of the Ray of the Corolla. — Fig. 3. Down and Pistil of ditto. — Fig. 4. A Floret of \he Disk. — Fig. 5. Stamens and Pistil of ditto. — Fig. 6. A single Stamen.— Fig. 7. A vertical section of a Flower, showing the situation of the Florets on the Receptacle. — Fig. 8. A single Ray of the Pap- pus.— Fig. 9. A small portion of the Receptacle. — Figs. 4* 5, 6, & 8, magnified . * Named from Limbarde, as the plant is called in some parts of Franee. Hooker. + See fol. 91, n. •J-, J See fol, 36, n. t, \ See fol. 27, a • |) See fol. 36, a. Scot. v. ii. p. 1107.— Peis. Syn. Plant, v. ii. p. 451. — Loud. Eucycl. of Gavd. (new edit.) p. 881. paragr. 4087. f. 742, b. — Eritheis rnaritima , Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 404. — Aster maritimus flavus. Crithmum chrysanthemum dictus, Ray’s Syn. p. 174.— Jacob’s Plant. Faversh. p. 9. — Aster litioreus luteus, folio angusto spisso, ad extremitatem trifido, Moris, v. iii. p. 119. sect. 7. t. 21. f. 10. — Aster ftore terminatrici, folds linearibus tricuspidates, Linn. Hort. Cliff, p. 409. — Crithmum chrysanthemum, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 533. f 3. — Park. Theatr. Bot. p. 1287. f. 4. — Golden Samphire, Petiv. H. Brit. t. 17. f. 9. Localities. — In salt-marshes on the sea-coast, in muddy soil, chiefly in the South; rare. — Cornwall; On the Cornish coast, but sparingly; F. Borone. — Dorsetsh. Portland Island: Rev. Mr. Baker. About Weymouth; about Poole; in Purbeck; on the cliffs at Tineham : Dr. Pulteney. Chesil Bank: Dr. Maton. — Essex ; On the bank of the river just-above Fulbridge at Maldon : Ray. Walton: W. Christy, in N. B. G. — Hants ; In the marsh near Hurst Castle, over against the Isle of Wight, plentifully : Ray. Near the river at East Cowes: (S. Hailstone, Esq.) Dr. Bromfield, in N. B. G. — Kent; Near Sheerness, in the Isle of Shepey : Mr. J. Siierarp ; Ray. — Norfolk; A single specimen, in 1784, on the Caistor Marrams: Hist. Yarm. N. B. G. — Somer- setsh. Steep Holmes: J. C. Collins, in N. B. G. — Suffolk; On the sea- coast of the county : Gough’s Camden. — WALES. Anglesea ; On sea rocks, particularly S. W. coast; Llanddwyn, &c., rarely attainable without climbing. Rev. H. Davies. Rocks on the S. W. coast, between Aberffraw and Holyhead : J. E. Bowman, in N. B. G. — Glamorgansh. Plentiful about Port Eynon: Dr. Turton. Less plentiful in several places between Port Eynon and Swansea : L. W. Dillwyn, Esq. — Pembrokesh. In the rocks W. from St. Gowen’s: Mr. Milne. — SCOTLAND. Kirkcudbrightsh. Arbigland, in the county of Gal- loway: Dr. Burgess. — Wigtonsh. At West Torbet, and near the point of Mull, on the W. side: G. Macnab, in N. B. G. Mull-Head of Galloway, with Inula dysenterica : Mr. Maugiian.— IRELAND. Sea-shore on the south side of the Hill of Howth, in muddy places; on steep banks, and in crevices of rocks, below the Rev. Dr. Mac Donnell’s cottage, on the S. side of Killioey Hill, and on Lambay Island, abundant: FI. Hibern. — Near Coolumin the county of W aterford : Countess of Cauiuck, 1837. Perennial. — Flowers in August and September. Root creeping. Stem about a foot high, upright, sometimes de- cumbent, firm, cylindrical, smooth, striated, leafy, nearly filled with pith, a little branched at the summit. Leaves numerous, crowded, sessile, strap-shaped, smooth, very fleshy, generally with three blunt teeth at the end. Flowers few, solitary, terminating the stem and upper branches, their stalks thick, and clothed with awl- shaped bracteas. Involucrum of numerous smooth, flat, awl-shaped, fleshy scales. Corolla rather large and showy ; disk orange- coloured ; rays spreading, of a golden yellow. Seeds woolly. Pappus rough. As well as of Britain this plant is also a native of France, Spain, Portugal, the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, Barbary, &c., and Arabia ; in salt-marshes. It is occasionally gathered and brought to Covent Garden market, under the name of Golden Samphire, and is used for the same purposes as the common samphire, ( Crithmum maritimum, t. 267), hut it has none of the warm aro- matic taste of that plant. (495.) OXY'TROPIS* *. Linr.can Class and Order. Diade'lpiiia f, Deca'ndria. Natural Order. Legumino's.e, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 345 — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 174. — Lindl. Syn. p. 75.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 87. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 532. — Sm. Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 259. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 509. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p. 91. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 73. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 404. — Legumina'cea;, Loud. Arb. Brit. p. 561. — Papi- liona'cea: Linn. — Rosales; sect. Cicerina? ; subsect. Lo- ti anac ; type, Lotacea: ; subtype, Lotid-e ; Burn. Out. of Bot. pp. 614, 638, 642, & 644. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, tubular, permanent, with 5 acute teeth, the lower ones gradually longest. Corolla (see fig. 2.) papilionaceous, of 5 petals ; standard (fig. 3.) egg-shaped, blunt, upright, longer than the rest ; wings (fig. 4.) oblong, somewhat half egg-shaped, shorter than the standard ; keel (fig. 5.) as long as the wings, pointed in front, of 2 united petals, with separate claws. Filaments (see fig. 6.) 10 ; 9 united in one compressed tube, open above ; the tenth hair-like, usually shorter, quite sepa- rate. Anthers roundish. Germen (fig. 7.) oblong, compressed. Style (see fig. 7.) awl-shaped, ascending, smooth. Stigma blunt. Legume (see fig. 8.) variously shaped, more or less tumid, of 2 lon- gitudinal cells (see fig. 9.) ; the partition double, more or less complete, from the upper suture being turned inwards. Seed one or more, kidney-shaped. The pointed keel of the corolla ; the awl-shaped, smooth style; the blunt stigma ; and the 2-celled, or partially 2-celled, legume , with the margins of the upper suture turned inwards ; will distin- guish this from other genera in the same class and order. — It differs from Astragalus, t. 453, in the keel of the corolla being pointed , not blunt; and in the upper suture of the legume, not the under, being indexed. Two species British. OXY'TROPIS CAMPE'STRIS. Field Axe-vetch. Mountain Mdk-vetch. Cream-coloured Milk-vetch. Spec. Char. Plant stemless, somewhat silky. Leadets many pairs, spear-shaped, acut£, hoary, or rather hairy. Scape ascend- ing, about the same length as the leaves. Flowers cream-coloured. Legumes upright, egg-shaped, inflated, hairy, half 2-celled. Oxy'tropis campe'stris, Decand. Astr. n. 10., Prod. v. ii. p. 278. — Gray’s Nat. Avr. v. ii. p. 608. — Lindt. Syn. p. 79 — Hook. Brit. Ft. p. 325. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard, and Bot. v. ii. p. 251. — Macr. Man. Brit Bot. p. 56. — Irv. Loml. FI. p. 208. — Astragalus campestris, Linn. Sp. l’l. p. 1072. — Engl. Bot. t. 2522. — Fig. 1. Calyx, and a Bractea.-* -Fig. 2. Corolla. — Fig. 3. Standard. — Fig. 4. A Wing. — Fig. 5. Keel. — Fig. 6. Stamens. — Fig, 7. Germen, Style, and Stigma. — Fig. 8. Legume. — Fig. 9. Transverse section of the same, slio wing the indexed upper suture.— All very slightly enlarged. * From o.rys, Gr. sharp ; and tropis, Gr. a keel ; in reference to the keel of the corolla ending in an exserted sharp point on the back at the apex, one of the essential characters of this Genus, as distinguishing it from that of Astragalus, t. 453, -f See fol. 77, note t. t See fol. 117, note f. Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. li. p. 1317. — Sin. Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 29G. — With. (7th ed.) v. iii. p. 851. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. J17. — A. sordidus, Willd. Sp. l’l. v. iii. pt. n. p. 1313, with erroneous remarks. — /l. uralensis, FI. Dan. t. 1041. — Astragalus acaulos,foliis peracutis, calyce et fructu villoso, Hall. Hist. Helv. p. 507. t. 13. Localities.— On highland rocks in Scotland; very rare. — Forfarshire; On a rock on one of the mountains at the head of Clova, near the While Water, in great abundance: Mr. G. Don. Kocks on the left side of Glen Dole (towards Glen Phu ?), almost facing a person when turning from Glen Clova to Glen Dole: Mr. H. C. Watson, in N. B. G. Perennial. — Flowers in July. Root woody, long, and slender. Stem none. Leaves all radi- cal, pinnate, stalked ; leaflets numerous, from 8 to 12 pairs, with an odd terminal one, all uniform, elliptic-spear-shaped, pointed, entire, usually besprinkled with silky shining hairs, but sometimes quite smooth, except the mid-rib. Stipulas large, egg-shaped, pointed, simple, entire, membranous, veiny, hairy at their margins, united in pairs to the base of each petiole. Scape ( flower -stalk) hairy, about equal in length to the leaves, ascending, sometimes decumbent, bearing from about 8 to 12 flowers in a close, oblong, or somewhat egg-shaped, spike, or head ; each flower accompanied by a spear-shaped, hairy, somewhat membranous braclea at its base (see figs. 1 & 9). Calyx (see fig. 1.) tubular, longer than its accompanying bractea, clothed with dense, close, black as well as white hairs, its teeth short, and sometimes tipped with brown. Corolla (see fig. 2.) cream-coloured, or buff ; the keel (fig. 5.) and wings (fig. 4.) tinged with purple. Legume (fig. 8.) somewhat egg- shaped, inflated, with a straight point, covered, like the calyx, with short, spreading, black as well as white hairs. An elegant little plant, growing from 3 to 6 inches high. It is a native of Europe, on the Alps, but was not known as a native of Britain until Mr. G. Don discovered it, in the Summer of 1812, in great abundance, in the locality recorded above. The Natural Order Leguminosa; is composed of dicotyledonous trees, shrubs, or herbaceous plants. Their leaves are alternate, mostly compound and pinnated, with a pair of stipules at the base of each petiole. J he t lowers are either axillary or terminal, and are disposed in racemes or panicles, rarely solitary. The calyx is inferior, either tubular and 5-toothed, or more or less deeply cut into 5 unequal segments. The corolla consists of 5 petals, or by abortion of only 4, 3, 2, 1, or none, inserted into the base of the calyx, and is eilher papilionaceous or regularly spreading; the odd petal (fig. 3.) posterior. The stamens (fig. 6.) are various, usually 10, and are either distinct, or mona- delphous, or diadelphous. The ovary (fig. 7.) is simple, superior, 1-celled, and 1- or many-seeded. The style is simple and thread-shaped , proceeding from the top of the upper suture of the ovary, and crowned by a terminal or lateral stigma. The legume (figs. 8 & 9.) is usually 2-valved, membranous, coriaceous, rarely fleshy or drupaceous, dehiscent or indehiscent. The seeds are attached to the upper suture of the legume, and are either solitary or several, usually oval, or kidney-shaped, and hang by various shaped funicles (little stalks), which sometimes, though rarely, expand into an aril lus ; embryo eilher straight or with the radicle bent upon the cotyledons; albumen none ; cotyledons either remain- ing under ground in germination, or elevated above the ground, and becoming green like leaves. The British Genera in this order are — U'lex , t. 93. — Genista , t. 84. — Spdrtium ( Cy'tisus , Hook.), t. 77. — Ononis , t. 289. — Anthy'llis, t. 397. — Mcdicdgo, t. 329. — Melildtus, t. 363. — Tri- fdlium, t. 283. — Lotus, t. 249. — Oxy'tropis, t. 495. — Astragalus, t. 453. — Ormthopus, t. 358. — Hippocrepis, t. 369. — Onubrychis, t. 134. — Vicia, t. 173. — E'rvum, t. 322. — Ldthyrus, t. 117. — Pisum, t. 225.— O' robus, t. 433. (406.) E'LYMUS * *. Linnean Class and Order. Tria'ndria f, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Grami'ne.e +, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 28. — Sm. Gr. of Bot. p. 86. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 71. — Lindl. Syn. p. 293. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 292. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 542. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 294. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 426. — Gramina, Linn. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 393. — Graminales ; sect. Triti- cina:; type, Hordeace.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 359 and 362. Gen. Char. Inflorescence spiked ; spikes imbricated. Rachis ( common receptacle) many-flowered, continuous, elongated, tooth- ed alternately, at each side, and flattened just above. Spikelcts (figs. 1 & 2.) 2 or 3 at each tooth of the rachis, parallel, 2- or 3-flowered, all perfect. Calyx (see figs. 2 & 3.) of 2 unequal, upright, strap-spear-shaped, or awl-shaped, pointed or awned, more or less keeled glumes, both on one side of the spikelet. Corolla (fig. 3.) of 2, unequal, egg-spear-shaped palese ; the outermost largest, keeled, ribbed, pointed or awned ; the awn straight and terminal ; inner palea flat, cloven, inflexed at the edges, with a rib at each side. Nectary (fig. 5.) of 2 spear-shaped scales. Filaments (see fig. 3.) 3, hair-like, shorter than the corolla. Anthers strap- shaped, notched at each end. Germen (fig. 4.) turbinate. Styles (see fig. 4.) 2, distant, very short. Stigmas feathery, spreading. Seed (figs. 6 & 7.) strap-shaped, or spear-shaped, channelled along the upper side, very hairy at the summit, more or less attached to the unchanged paleae of the corolla. The 2- or many-flowered spikelets, 2 or 3 together at each tooth of the rachis ; and the calyx of 2 parallel glumes, 2- or 3-flowered, all perfect; will distinguish this from other genera, with a spiked inflorescence, in the same class and order. Three species British. E'LYMUS EUROPrE'US. European Lyme-grass. Wood Lyme- grass. Wood Barley-grass. Great Wood Rye-grass. Spec. Char. Leaves flat, pliant. Spike upright, compact, smooth. Spikelets ternate, 1- or 2-flowered. Calyx-glumes bris- tle-like. Florets terminated by a long awn. Engl. Bot. t. 1317.— Host. Gram. Austr. v. i. p. 22. t. 28.— Linn. Mant. p. 35; Syst. Vog. (13th ed.) p. 107. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. i. p. 470.— Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 154. ; Engl. FI. y. i. p. 178 — With. (7th ed.) y. ii. p. 202. — Gray's Nat. Ait. v. ii. p. 92. — Lindl. Syn. p. 297.— Hook. Brit. FI. p. 53. — Macr. Man. Brit Bot. p. 275. — Sibtli. FI. Oxon. p. 51. — Schrad. FI. Germ. v. i. p. 402. — Winch’s FI. of Nortliumb. and Durh. p. 8.— Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 32. — Irv. Lond FI. p. 101. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 117.— Hordeum sylvaticum, Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 57.— Mart. FI. Rust. t. 45.— Knapp’s Gram. Brit. t. 107.— Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. Figs. 1 & 2. Spikelets, with’ a portion of the rachis. — Fig. 3. A separate Floret. — Fig. 4. Germen, Styles, and Stigmas. — Fig. 5. Nectary. — Figs. 6 & 7. Seeds. — All, more or less, magnified. * From elumos ; a name given by the Greeks to the Panic-grass, perhaps because they grew abundantly about Elyma in Greece. f See folio 56, note f. ) See folio 488, a. 27. — Triticum sylvaticum, Salb. Prod. p. 27. — Gramen secalinum majus sylvaticum, Moris. Hist. Oxon. v. iii. p. 180. n. 12. — Ray’s Syn. p. 392. — Gra- men secalinum maximum, Merr. Pin p. 57. — Gramen hordeaceum montanum, spied striyosiori brevius aristata, Scheucliz. Agr. p. 16. ; Prod. p. 14. t. 1. Locai.ities. — In woods and hedges, on a chalky soil. — Oxfordshire ; In Stokenchurch Woods, plentifully : Bobaht. In the same locality now : W. B. Ardley: Dr. Sibthorp. — Berks; Woods between Maidenhead and Great Marlow: N. J. Winch, Esq. Not rare in the county: Engl. FI. — Bedfordsh. Tliurleigh ; and Putnoe W oods : Kev. C. Abbot. — Bucks ; Marlow Wood : Mr. Gotobed. — Derbysh. Hocks opposite Matlock Baths: Mr. Woodward. — Durham ; On the east bank of Wescrow Bourn, four miles N. of Wolsingham ; and between Rushyford and Ferry Hill : N. J. Winch, Esq. Banks of the Tees near Egglestone Abbey : N. B. G. — Hants ; In the woods a mile W. from Petersfield : Merrett, 1666. Chawton Park, near Alton: Mr. J. Woods, jun. — Herts; Near Berkhamstead : Dr. Withering. — Hunts; Ripon Wood: Mr. Woodward. In a wood on the right hand side of the road leading towards the north beyond the wheat-sheaf Inn, Alconbury Hill : Rev. R. Rediian. — Kent; In a salt-marsh near Gravesend: Mr. Dickson. — Northumber- land ; In Rnmshaw Wood; and Scotswood Dean: N. J. Winch. Esq. — In Nottinghamshire ; T. H. Cooper, Esq. in N. B. G. — Wilts; In the high woods by Hambleton, in the road from Henley to Great Marlborough: Mr. J. Siif.rard, in Bay’s Syn, — Yorksh. In the woods at Rokeby. Very com- mon in Cave Hole Wood, near Settle. In the Eavs at Heptonstall. Stanley Clough, near Totmaden. In a wood by the side of the Huddersfield Canal. In a wood belonging to the Wade House Farm, at Shelf, near Bradford ; Old Park Wood, near Sheffield ; Thorp A rch Woods ; Woods at Castle Howard ; By land, near Coxwold; llackfall ; Hildenley W'ood, near Malton : Baines’ FI. of Yorkshire. — YV A LES. Denbiyhsh. Gain Dingle, under Garreg Wen Hocks : Mr. Griffith. It appears not to have been found either in Scotland, or Ireland. Perennial. — Flowers in June. Root fibrous, tufted. Culm ( stem J upright, 2 feet, or more, high, with 4 or 5 joints, simple, cylindrical, striated, smooth, most leafy in the lower part. Leaves strap-spear-shaped, many-ribbed, flat, taper-pointed, smooth to appearance, but rough to the touch, especially at the edges. Sheaths clothed more or less with deflexed hairs. Slipula ( ligulaj very short, minutely notched. Spike narrow, 2 or 3 inches long, simple, upright, close, green ; its rachis (main stalk) angular, furrowed, rough, and zigzag. Spikelets three together at each tooth of the rachis. Calyx-glumes awl-shaped, very smooth and even at the base ; ribbed, angular, and roughish above ; each terminated with a straight rough awn, half its own length. Florets 2, sometimes only 1, in each calyx, all generally perfect. Outer palca of the corolla (fig. 3.) spear-shaped, ribbed, rough, especially in the upper part, terminating in a long straight awn ; inner palea slightly cloven, rough at the marginal ribs. Germen (fig. 4.) abortive, downy. Styles distant, very short. Stigmas slender. Seed (figs. 6 & 7.) spear-shaped, with a furrow along the upper side, and a downy point, firmly coated with both palece. See Engl. FI. This species is a native of Germany and Switzerland, as well as of England, ll has so much the habit of a Hordeum, (see t. 344), that Hudson, Martyn, Knapp, and some other Botanists, united it with that genus; and it appears to lie the opinion of Sir W. J. Hooker, that it would be much more natural to re- fer it to the genus Hordeum than to that of Elymus. Dr. Stores considered it the connecting link between the two genera. In an agricultural point of view it is of no value, it being a coarse grass, like most other species which grow in woods ; and like them it is sometimes drawn up to a great height. . .■'alts. H'sJWtf&e. (497.) A'RBUTUS *. Linnean Class and Order. Df.ca'ndria f, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Eri'ce-E*, Brown's Prod. p. 557. — Lindl. Syn- p. 172 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 182. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 523. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 179. — Hook, Brit. Fl.(4ih ed.)p.411. — Erica'ce.e ; subtnbe, Androme'de.e, Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. pp. 7S5 and 787. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit. pp. 1076 and 1077. — Ericine^e, Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 450. — Erica:, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 159. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 115. — Syringales; subord. Ericos.e; sect. Ertcin.e; type, Ericace.e ; subtype, Ericid.e ; Burn. Out!, of Bot. v. ii. pp. 900, 937, 944, 946, and 948. — Bicornes, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, of 1 sepal, in 5 blunt seg- ments, permanent. Corolla (fig. 2.) of 1 petal, globose, or egg- shaped, flattened and transparent at the base ; its limb in 5 small, recurved, bluntish segments. Filaments (see figs. 3, 4, & 5.) 10, slightly attached to the base of the corolla, and about half its length, awl-shaped, swollen and hairy on the lower part. Jlnthers com- pressed on the sides, bursting by 2 pores at the apex, fixed by the back beneath the apex, where they are furnished with a pair of reflexed awns, or spurs. Germcn (see fig. 6.) superior, roundish, sealed on an orbicular disk, or half immersed in it. Style (see fig. 6.) 1, terminal, cylindrical, upright, the length of the corolla. Stigma blunt. Berry (see figs. 7 & 8.) nearly globular, granular, fleshy, 5-celled, many-seeded. The 5-parted calyx ; llie globose, or egg-shaped corolla, with a small, 5-clelt> revolute limb; the hairy filaments ; the anthers with 2 pores at the apex; and the fleshy, granular, 5-celled, many-seeded berry ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. — It differs from Arctostaphylos in the berry being granulated, not smooth. One species British. A'RBUTUS U'NEDO. Unedo Arbutus. Common Strawberry- tree. Arbute Spec. Ciiar. Stem arboreous. Branchlets clothed with glan- dular hairs. Leaves oblong-spear-shaped, smooth, serrulated. Flower nodding. Peduncles smooth. Engl. Bot. t 2377. — FI. Giaec. t. 373. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 506. — Iluds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 177. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. ii. pt. I. p. 616' — Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 442. ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 252. — With. (7tb ed.) v. ii. p. 521. — Lindl. Syn. p. 174. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 188. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p.150. — Pers. Syn. PI. v. i. p. 482.— De Cand. FI. Fr. v. iii. p. 682. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 834. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit. v. ii. p. 1117. f. 919. ; Encycl. of Tr. and Shr. p. 573. f. 1077. — Hunt. Evel. Silva, p. 373, with a plate. — Phil. Syl. FI. v. i. p. 69. — Irv. Lond. FI. p.245. — Mack. Catal. FI. Irel. p. 39. ; FI. Hibern. p. 182 — Arbutus serratifolia, Salisb. Prod. p. 288. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 400. — Arbutus, Ray’s Syn. p. 464. — Johns. Ger. p. 1496, with a figure. — Bauh. Hist. v. i. pt. i. p. 83. with a figure. — Arbutus folio serrato, Bauh. Pin. p. 460. — Mill. Icon. p. 32. t. 48. f. 2. Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Figs. 3, 4, & 5. Stamens. — Fig. 6. Calyx and Pistil. — Fig. 7. Fruit. — Fig. 8. Section of a Berry. — Fig. 9. A Seed. From ar, rough, or austere ; aud boise, a bush, in Celtic, t See fol. 37, note f. J See folio 449, a. Localities — On limestone rocks in Ireland. — Plentiful in the wood* of Mucruss and in all the islands in the lower and upper lakes of Killavney, as well as at Glen- gariff, near Bantry, generally among limestone rocks. About most of the mountain lakes in the barony of Beer, certainly indigenous : FI. Hibern. Tree. — Flowers from September to December. A busby tree, growing to the height of 20 or 30 feet ; its main stem, and older branches, covered with a reddish-brown bark , the outer layers of which come off in thin flakes. Young shoots often red, and rough with glandular hairs. Leaves alternate, evergreen, simple, elliptic-spear-shaped, unequally serrated, bright green, veiny, rigid, on hairy petioles, without stipulas. Racemes ( clusters ) panicled, bent downwards, smooth. Brae, teas oblong, recurved, one at the base of each partial flower-stalk. Flowers very elegant, of a greenish, semi-transparent white, with a shade of red, a little hairy within, destitute of scent. Anthers (see fig. 5.) scarlet. Bernj (see fig. 7.) crimson, about the size of a cherry, and covered with hard tubercles, which give it very much the appearance of a Strawberry, but the seeds are internal. This very beautiful, evergreen tree, is a native of the south of Europe, also of various parts of Asia, and of Africa, about Mount Atlas and Algiers; and it is particularly abundant in Italy, in the woods of the Appennines. Some consider it as a doubtful native of Ireland, and suppose it to have been introduced there ; while others are of opinion “ that it is truly an aboriginal native of that country.” It is one of the greatest ornaments in the months of October and November, that being the season when it is in flower, and the fruit of the former year is ripe, it taking twelve months to come to maturity ; so that, as Mr. Salisbury remarks, this plant exhibits simultaneously, and during the depth of Winter, the singular phenomenon of lively green leaves, beautiful flowers, and brilliant fruit, thus affording a fit emblem of that perpetual Spring which, in original perfection, pervaded the whole earth, when “ Green all the year ; and fruits and blossoms blush’d, In social sweetness, on the self-same bough.” The amiable authoress of that very elegant and pleasing work, “ The Spirit of the Woods,” in her description of the Arbutus, alludes to the same fact in the following lines: — “ Mark upon this lovely bough How in social beauty grow Flowers and fruit, a fairy throng, Fitting theme for poet’s song ; Sure not brighter wreaths than this Graced the famed Hesperides. Yet a lovelier sight I know ; (Ay, then read’st my riddle now) ’Tis, — when in the social bower Wisdom’s fruit, and youth’s fair flower, (Combination rare as sweet) On the self-same scion meet.” The fruit is said to have constituted part of the food of mankind in the early ages. That it was not in any esteem among the ancients, we may suppose from its name Vnedo, vvhich, according to Puny, is formed from unum edo, 1 eat one ; because it is unpalatable, and few people would try a second : nevertheless it is eaten in Italy, and also in Ireland ; and in Spain they extract both a sugar and a spirit from it. The leaves may be usefully employed in tanning leather. Virgil alludes to the young branches as Winter food for goats, and to its use for making baskets, &c. About Killarney, in Ireland, where this tree is abund- ant, boxes, chess-men, &c., are made from the wood, and generally purchased by visitors as memorials of the place. (498.) SWE'RTIA* *. Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Gentia'nea: +, Dr. R. Brown. — Lindl. Syn. p. 177. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 215. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 444. — Loud. Hort. Brit, p.526. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iv. p. 173. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 185. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p.413. — GENTiA'NiE, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 141. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 106. — Syringales; subord. Primulos.e ; sect. Gen- tianin^e ; type, Gentianace.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. p. 900, 958, & 1008. — Rota'ce/e, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, of 1 sepal, flat, perma- nent, in 4 or 5 deep, spear-shaped segments. Corolla (see fig. 2.) of 1 petal, wheel-shaped ; limb nearly flat, in 4 or 5 deep spear- shaped segments, larger than the calyx. Nectaries (see fig. 3, a.) 8 or 10, consisting of two small depressions, in the base of each segment of the corolla, on the upper side, encompassed with short upright bristles. Filaments (see fig. 2.) 4 or 5, awl-shaped, flat- tened, smooth, dilated at the base, rather spreading, shorter than the corolla. Anthers heart-shaped, deflexed, bursting lengthwise. Germen (see fig. 4.) superior, egg-oblong, cloven at the summit. Styles (see fig. 4.) 2, very short, distant. Stigmas blunt. Capsule (see fig. 5.) egg-shaped, pointed at each end, of 2 valves, and 1 cell. Seeds (see figs. 6& 7.) numerous, small, roundish, com- pressed, bordered, attached to the edges of the valves only. The 4- or 5-parted calyx ; the wheel-shaped corolla with 2 nectariferous glands at the base of each segment ; and the 1 -celled, 2-valved capsule ; will distinguish this from other genera, with an inferior, monopetalous corolla, in the same class and order. One species British. SWE'RTIA PERENNIS. Perennial Swertia. Marsh Felwort. Marsh Gentian. Spotted Gentian. Spec. Char. Plant smooth. Stems upright, and as well as the peduncles 4-sided. Leaves almost all radical, egg-shaped or elliptic, nerved. Racemes panicled, terminal. Segments of the corolla 5, spear-shaped, pointed. Engl. Bot. t. 1441. — Jacq. FI. Austr. t. 243. — Linn. Sp PI. p. 328. — Iluds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 102 — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. u. p. 1329. — Sin. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 284. ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 26. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 357. — Gray’s Nat. Avr. v. ii p. 339. — Lindl. Syn. p. 179. — Hook, Brit. FI. p. 110.— Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 156. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iv. p. 175. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 231.— Gentiana palustris latifolia, Uore punctato, Bauh. Pin. p. 188. — Moris, v. iii. p. 482. sect. 12. t. 5. f. 11. — Gentiana duodecimo., punctato ftore, Clus, Hist, v. i. p. 316, with a figure. — Gentiana Pinncei minor, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 433. f. 5. — Allisma Tossani Caroli, Bauh. Hist. v. iii. p. 519, with a figure. Localities. — In watery alpine meadows. — Hudson records it as having been found wild in Wales by Dr. Richardson, but some mistake is to be suspected, as no person has found it since ; and, as Sir J. E. Smith observes, so fine a plant could scarcely be overlooked. Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Corolla, Sic. — Fig. 3. A segment of the Corolla, a. the Nectaries. — Fig. 4. Germen, Styles, and Stigmas. — Fig. 5. Capsule, with the valves separated. — Figs. 6 St 7. Seeds. — Fig. 7, a little magnified. * So named by Linnsjus after Emanuel Swekrt, a cultivator of bulbs anij flowers, in Holland ; and author of Florilegium, Francof. 1612. folio. •(- See fol. 48, note -J-. { See fol. 400, a. Perennial. — Flowers in August. Root of many long, cylindrical, whitish fibres. Stem upright, a foot or more high, slightly 4-corn£red , smooth ; leafy and simp'e below ; panicled above. Leaves about the base of the stem, oppo- site, petiolate, egg-shaped or elliptic, quite entire, nerved, smooth, from 2 to 4 inches long, and 1 to 2 inches broad ; those on the upper part of the stem much smaller, opposite, sessile, elliptic- oblong, entire. Panicle upright, terminal, of about 12, sometimes more, flowers, on opposite angular stalks (pedicles), with a pair of elliptic-oblong, entire bracleas at their base. Calyx purplish, in 5 awl-shaped segments. Corolla (see fig. 2.) about an inch in diameter, of a greyish-purple colour, deeply 5-cleft, its segments elliptic, sharp-pointed, dotted with black, with greenish nectaries, which are bristly on the edges (see fig. 3, a). Filaments (see fig. 4.) 5, awl-shaped. Anthers versatile. Germen (see fig. 4.) egg-shaped, compressed, often abortive. Styles very short. Capsule surrounded with the permanent calyx and corolla, egg-oblong, tapering at each end, and shortly 2-beaked at the summit with the spreading stigmas. Seeds (see figs. 6 & 7.) numerous, roundish, compressed, with a wide membranous margin, rust-coloured, attached to the thickened margins of the valves in a double row. — Whole herb quite smooth, and very bitter. This plant is a native of Germany, Austria, France, Caucasus, and Siberia ; but there is some doubt whether it was ever found wild in Britain. Old authors considered it a Gentiana, to which it is very nearly allied, but it differs from that genus (see t. 185.) in the peculiar nectaries, and also in the disposition of the seeds. THE WINTER NOSEGAY. Flowers, — fresh flowers, — with your fragrance free, Have you come in your queenly robes to me 1 Me have you sought, from your fair retreat, With your greeting lips and your dewy feet, And the heavenward glance of your radiant eye. Like angel-guests from a purer sky ? But where did ye hide when the frost came near. And your many sisters were pale with fear? Where did ye hide, with a cheek as bright As gleam’d amid Eden’s vales of light, Ere the wiles of the Tempter its bliss had shamed, Or the terrible sword o’er its gateway flamed ? Flowers. — sweet flowers, — with your words of cheer. Thanks to the friend who hath brought you here ; For this may her blossoms of varied dye, Be the earliest born ’neath the vernal sky ; And she be led by their whisper’d love go the love of that land where they fade no more. Mrs. Sigourney. yjsjtkn^P^ Sc (499.) DIO'TIS * *. Linnean Class §• Order. Syngene'sia f, Polyga'mia, /Equa- lise Natural Order. Compo'sit.-f.§, tribe, Corymbl'feras ||. Juss. — — Lindl. Syn. pp. 1-10 & 142. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 197 and 199. — Mack. FI. Ilibern. p. 142. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 410. — Compo'sita: ; subord. Cardua'ce/E ; Loud. Hort. Brit, pp. 520 & 521. — Synanthf.'rea: ; tribe, Corymbifer.e, Rich, by Macgilliv. pp. 454 c; 455. — Corymbifera?, sect. 2. Ju^s. Gen. PI. pp. 177 & 180. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. pp. 121 and 123. — Sv- ringales; subord. Asterosas ; sect. Asterin/e; subsect. As- teriaya;; type, Asteraceae, Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 900, 901, 920, 924, 5: 926. — Compo'sit.f., Linn. Gen. Char, Involucrum ( common calyx ) (fig. 1) hemisphe- rical, imbricated, scales oblong, convex, blunt, unarmed. Corolla (fig. 2.) compound, uniform, of numerous, tubular, level-topped, perfect, regular florets (see figs. 3 & 4.), about the length of the involucrum ; their limb in 5 broadish, equal, spreading segments; tube contracted at the summit; elongated at the base on each side, below its insertion, into 2 opposite, compressed, equal, nectarifer- ous spurs, which finally separate from the rest of the tube, 3nd remain attached to the Germen. Filaments 5, hair-like, very short. Anthers in a cylindrical tube, equal to the corolla. Germen oblong-, slender, between the spurs. Style thread-shaped, the length of the floret. Stigmas 2, spreading, blunt. Seed-vessel none but the unchanged involucrum. Seed (see fig. 5.) oblong, compressed, tapering at the base, bordered at each side with the compressed, blunt spurs of the floret. Pappus none. Receptacle (see fig. 9, a.) convex, nearly globular, small, beset with oblong, concave, downy- tipped scales (fig. 9, b.) nearly as tall as the florets (see fig. 3,5). The hemispherical, imbricated involucrum ; the florets with two ears at the base, which border the germen and remain upon the fruit ; the convex, chaffy receptacle ; and the want of pappus ; will distinguish this from other genera with discoid florets, in the same class and order. Only one species known. DIO'TIS MARITIMA. Sea-side Cotton-weed. Sea Cudweed. Chaffweed. Petty Cotton. Spec. Char. Diotis maritima, Hook. FI. Lond. t. 137. — Sm. Engl. Fl; v. iii. p. 403 — Lindl. Syn. p. 150. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 354. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 129. — B ib. Brim. FI. Sarn. p. 51. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 274. — Diotis candidissima , Desfont. Atlant. v. ii. p. 261. — De Cand. FI. Fr. v. iv. p. 201. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 451. — Santolitia maritima, Ilnds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 356. — Engl. Bot. t. 141. — Sm. Fig. 1. Involucrum. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Fig. 3, a. A separate Floret, accom- panied by a cbaflfy Scale of the Receptacle, b. — Fig 4. A Floret with its 2 spurs. — Fig. 5. A Seed, with its ear-like appendages. — Fig. 6. A Seed divested of its ap- pendages.— Fig. 7. Transverse section of a Seed. — Fig. 8. Embryo. — Fig. 9. a, Receptacle ; b. one of its chaffy Scales. * So named by Desfontaines, from dis, Gr. two ; and ous, otos, Gr. an ear ; from the ear-like appendages to the fruit. f See fol. 91, note f. } See fol. 147, note X. $ See fol. 27, a. FI. Bvit. v. ii. p. 8G0. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. in. p. 1709. — With. (7th eil.) v. iii. p. 920. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 76. — FI. Devon, p. 135. — Athanasia maritima, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 1182. — Ftlago maritimn, Linn. Sp. PI. (1st ed.) p. 927.— Mill. Icon. p. 90. t. 135. — Gnaphalium maritimum, Bauli. Pin. p. 263. — Ray’s Syn. p. 180.— Bauh. Hist. v. iii. pt. i. p. 157, with a figure. — Gnaphalium marinum, Johnson’s Gerardo, p. 640. f. 3. — Gnaphalium legitimum, Gant. v. ii. p. 391. t. 165. — Clust. Hist. v. i. p. 329, with a figure. — Chrysanthemum perenne gnaphaloides maritimum, Moris, v. iii. p. 21. sect. 6. t. 4. f. 47. — Polium gnaphaloides, Alpin. Exot. p. 147. t. 146. — Sea Cotton-weed, Petiv. H. Brit, t. 20. f. 8. Localities. — Sandy sea-shores, principally on the east and south of England, rare. — Cornwall ; On the gravelly shore between Penzance and St. Michael’s Mount: Ray; 1690. I did not observe it there: Mr. H. C. Watson, in N. B.G.; 1835. — Devon; On theDevonshireCoast: Dr. Witheiiinc.— Dorset ; Near Pool : Hudson. On the Burton and Bridport Sands : Rev. Balk Wel- land. Near Burton, by Biidport: Rev. J. Liohtfoot. — Essex; At Land- guard Fort : Mr. T. F. Fohsteh, jun. — Kent ; In the Isle of Sliepey : Hudson. — Suffolk /On the beach just above high-water mark, one mile north of Land- guard Fort, 1793; also between Lowestoft and Pakefield, and on other parts of the Suffolk coast: Sir J. E. Smith. Aldborougli, and Orford, near the Light Houses: Rev. G. Charbe. Beach at Dunwich, plentifully: Mr. Davy. — WALES. Anglesea ; On the sand near Abermenai Ferry, plentifully : Ray. Now become very scarce below Llanfaelog, where Mr. BnEWEn *' found it in great plenty for a mile together,” on Sept. 5, 1727 : Rev. II. Davies. Perennial. — Flowers in August and September. Root woody, branched, descending to a great depth in the sand- Stems from 6 inches to a foot high, recumbent at the base, brittle, cylindrical, very leafy, branched ; branches upright, corymbose. Leaves numerous, scattered, somewhat 4-ranked, sessile, oblong, blunt, flat, crenate, withering, permanent, clothed like every other part of the plant, with a dense, white, cottony down. Flowers bright yellow, in terminal corymbose tufts. Involucrum densely woolly, almost concealing the small yellow florets, which are remarkably prolonged down the sides of the germen (see fig. 4.), forming two ear-like appendages, which finally form a border to the seed. Receptacle small, nearly globular, with strap-shaped, chaffy scales, about as long as the involucrum, smooth in the lower part, cottony in the upper. This plant is a native of the south of Europe, and is said to grow in great plenty on the borders of the Mediterranean sea. Sir J. E. Smith says, that it is generally taken for the original ancient Gnaphalium of Dioscorides, it being frequent on all the shores of the Archipelago; and this opinion is confirmed by Tourne- fort, in his Voyage into the Levant, English 4to. ed. v. i. p. 21 ; 8vo. ed. v. i. p. 27. It was this celebrated French Botanist who detected the 2 spurs on the tube of each floret, which form a sort of wings to the seed, a character on which the present genus is founded. 600 <&«L MutlwKiDUUfSc ium c /ruvu . d^-rtch/y' 'A/.-yjfyf'U<>A. 1 2'uh ^'Irr W$Mkr&6Iiintc6'ardn Orfot-tfrS’J. (500.) CLA'DIUM * *. IAnnean Class and Order. Dia'ndria f, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Cypf.ra'ce/e Juss. — Lindl. Syn. p.278.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 304. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 392. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 541.— Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 318. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 427’ — Cyperoide.®, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 26. — Sm. Gr. of Bot. p. 68.— Cyperales ; sect. Cyperin.e ; type, Papyrace.e; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 354 & 356. — Calamari.e, Linn. Gen. Char. Stems leafy. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, panicled. Spikelets numerous, aggregate, bracteated, 1- or 2- flowered (see fig. 1). Glumes (see fig. 1 to 4.) somewhat 2-ranked, imbricated, concave, sheathing, mostly sterile, one or two of the uppermost only being perfect and single-flowered (see fig. 2). Corolla none. Filaments (see fig. 2.) 2 or 3, strap-shaped, longer than their glume. Anthers strap-shaped, upright. Germen (see fig. 2.) superior, egg-shaped, without any bristles or scales (hypo- gynous setce) at the base. Style (see figs. 2 & 5.) thread-shaped, the length of the stamens, deciduous, but without a joint at the bottom. Stigmas 2, 3, or 4, slender, pointed, downy. Fruit fdrupa ) (fig. 7.) a nut, with a thick fleshy epicarp (external coat), egg-shaped, pointed (see fig. 6). Seeds smooth. The much-branched panicle; the 1- rarely 2-flowered, aggre- gate spikelets, with chaffy, sheathing glumes, the lower ones smaller and empty ; and the fruit without bristles at the base ; will dis- tinguish this from other genera, without a corolla, in the same class and order. One species British. CLA'DIUM MARI'SCUS. Prickly Twig-rush. Prickly Bog- rush. German Prickle-rush. Long Bastard Cyperus. Spec. Char. Culm round, smooth, leafy. Leaves serrated at the margins and keel with strong, upright, bristly teeth. Panicle much divided, leafy. Spikelets capitate. Brown’s Prod. p. 236. — Sm. Engl. FI. v. i. p. 36. — With. (7th od.) v. ii. p. 81. — Lindl. Syn. p. 283. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 13. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 249. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 11. — Winch’s FI. of Northumbl. and Durh. p 3. — Walker’s FI. ofOxf. p. 9. — Murr. North. FI. p. 22. — Irv. Loud. FI. p. 89.— Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 112. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 35. — Mack. Catal. PI. of Ircl. p. 9. ; FI. Hibern. p. 324. — Cladium germanicum, Schrad. FI. Germ. v. i. p. 75. t. 5. f. 7.** — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v, ii. p. 70. — Schcenus Mariscus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 62. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 14. — Engl. Bot. t. 950. — Host. Gram. Austr. v. iii. p. 37. t. 53. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. I. p. 259. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 43. — With. 2nd ed. v. i. p. 42. ; 5th ed. v. ii. p. 109. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 6. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 61.— Relh. FI. Cant. (3rded.) p. 20. — Perry’s PI. Varvie. Sel. p. 5. — Cyperus longus inodorus sylvestris, Ray’s Syn. p. 426. — Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 29. f. 3. — Bauh. Hist. v. ii. p. 504. f. 1 . — Cyperus longus inodorus vulgaris, Park. Theat.. Bot. p. 1263. f. 1. in p. 1264. — Cyperus longus inodorus major foliis et Carina serratis, Moris, v. iii. p. 237. sect. 8. t. 11. f. 24. — Pseudo-cyperus palustris, foliis et carina serratis, Scheucliz. Agr. p. 375. t. 8. f. 7 — II. Fig. 1. A Spikelet. — Fig. 2. An inner Glume, with its Flower. — Figs. 3 ft 4. Two of the outer Sterile Glumes. — Fig. 5. Gerrncn. Style, and Stigmas. — Fig. C. A Nut, with its loose external covering. — Fig. 7. The same with the coat removed. — Fig. 8. Portion of the root. — All, except figs. 6, 7, & 8, magnified. * From clados, Gr. a branch ; in allusion to the branchy appearance of the inflorescence. + See fol. 50, note t, $ See fol. 436, a. Locai.it i f.s. — In bossy and fenny places ; sometimes near the sea, but not eotiimon. — Cambridgesh. On Hinton Moor, plentifully: Hay. — Fulbourn; Teversham ; Chippenham Moors ; and in the Isle of Ely : Rev. R. Relhan. Pools in the Brickfield beyond the Obseivatory: VV. H. Coleman, in N. B. G. So common on the moors about Cambridge that it is often used in that town for lighting fires: Mr. Crowe. — In Cheshire: Sir VV, J. Hooker. — Cornwall; Sea-side between Penzance and Maiketjeu: Ray. Gulval Marsh, between Penzance and Marazion : Mr. H. C. Wa ison, in N. B. G. and Mr. W. Wileis. — Cumberland ; Gelt-bridge Farm: Hutchinson. — Dorset ; At Weymouth, by the Fleet, in ditches communicating with the salt water: Dr. Pulteney. — Durham; Hell Kettles, near Darlington: Robson. — Hants; Port sea : Rev. G. E. Smith. — Kent ; In Ham Ponds, near Eistry : L. W. Dillwyn, Esq. — Lincolnsh. East Fen: B. G. — Norfolk; On St. Faiths Newton Bogs. In Ellingham Fen; about St. Olave’s Bridge; and abundantly in the reach of marshes between Bungay and Beccles: Mr. Woodward. At Mantby, and Filby: Mr. Wigg. Horning, near the Broad: D. Turner, Esq. Swaffham : N. .1. Winch, Esq. Royden Fen: Rev. A. Bloxam. — Shropsh. S. W. margin of Croestnere Mere; and Oakley Park, near Ludlow : FI. Shropsh. — Somer- set ; On King’s Sedgemoor, abundantly : B. G. — S taffordsh. Chartley Moss: N. B. G. — Suffolk ; River-side between Bungay and Beccles; and by the river adjoining Mutford Bridge: B. G. — Wurwicksh. In boggy places by the River Thame near Tamworth : Ray • — Westmoreland ; Cunswick Tarn near Kendal : N. B. G. — Worcestersh. Feckenham Bog: T. Purton, Esq. — Yor/csh. In Terrington Car, raie; by Knaresborough, in wet places near the brook towards Newby ; and Mr. Duncombe’s low grounds, abundant : B. G. Askham bogs and Buttercrambe moor, near York ; and in a ditch on the road from Doncaster to the decoy: Mr. Baines, in FI. York. — WALES. Anglesea; Cors bodeilio Cors ddvgai : Rev. H. Davies, and Mr. Owen Griffith; 1842. — Glamor- gansh. Cromlyn Bog near Swansea: B. G. — SCOTLAND. Forfarshire ; formerly found in this county. — Sutherland ; In large quantity in a marsh by the road-side, about halfway between Kylemome and Batcall Church: North. FI. — Wigtonsh. Plentiful in Galloway: Br. FI. fith ed. 1842. — IRELAND. By the sides of small lakes in Cunnamara, abundant. County of Fermanagh ; and in a bog near Lough Allan, County of Cork : FI. Hibern. Perennial. — Flowers in July and August. Root lotto- and creeping. Culms from 3 to 5 feet high, upright, polished, jointed, leafy, angular at the top. Leaves sheathing, very long, strap-shaped, keeled, triangular at the point, their mar- gins and keels stiongly serrated, almost prickly. Panicle upright, much divided, leafy ; peduncles compressed, flat on the upper sides, rounded beneath, smooth, with sheathing, bristle-shaped bracteas at their base. Spikelets (see fig. 1.) egg-shaped, from 6 to 12 in a dense head. Glumes (see figs. 2, 3, & 4.) numerous, imbricated, brown ; inner ones (fig. 2.) the longest, generally the two or sometimes three innermost ones are floriferous, of which one or two bears a coated nut (fig. 6.) almost as large as the spikelet. Stigmas (fig. 5.) usually 2, sometimes cloven, downy. This plant, which is rare in most parts of England, and still more rare in Scotland, is said to be so plentiful in the Fens of Cambridgeshire, as to cover hundreds of acres, to the total exclu- sion of all other plants. It serves for thatching instead of straw, and often grows in such quantities in pools, as to form floating islands. It is said to be hurtful to cows. 'the drawing for the accompanying plate was made from a specimen gathered in Anglesea, by Mr. Owen Griffith, in Sept. 1842, and kindly communicated to me by J. Satterfield, Esq. I have also received specimens of it from Mr. W. Willis, of Charlestown near St. Austell, Cornwall. J01 (501.) LI'LIUM * * Linnean Class and Order. IIexa'ndria f, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Lilia'ceas*, Dec.and. — Lindl. Syn. p.266.’ Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 279. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 403. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 423. — Lilia, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 48. — Tulipacea:, Decand. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 539. — Liliales ; sect. LinAciNiE ; type, Liliace.® ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 418, 425, & 433. — Corona RijE, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx none. Corolla f perianthium%J (see fig. 1.) inferior, bell-shaped, of 6 nearly equal, straight, or revolute, deci- duous petals ; with a longitudinal nectariferous line or furrow on the inner surface, from the base to the middle (see fig. 4, a). Filaments (see fig. 1. and fig. 2, a.) 6, awl-shaped, upright, shorter than the corolla. Anthers (fig. 2, b.) oblong, versatile. Germen (fig. 3, a.) superior, oblong, cylindrical, with 6 furrows. Style (fig. 3, 6.) cylindrical, elongated. Stigma (fig. 3, c.) thickish, entire. Capsule (fig. 5.) oblong, upright, 6-furrowed, with a 3-cornered, hollow, blunt tip ; of 3 cells, and 3 valves. Seeds (see figs. 6 & 7.) numerous, flat, inversely egg-shaped, packed one upon another in 2 rows, with a blunt margin, and a spongy testa. The naked, inferior, bell-shaped corolla , of 6 petals, with a longitudinal nectariferous line or furrow at their base ; the elongated style; the entire stigma ; and the 6-furrowed, 3- valved, 3-celled, manv-seeded capsule ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. LI'LIUM MA'RTAGON. Martagon Lily. Turk’s-Cap Lily. Turk’s-Cap Shaw. Smooth-stalked Martagon Lily. Spec. Char. Leaves in whorls, egg-spear-shaped. Flowers reflexed ; Petals revolute. Engl. Bot. Supp. t. 2799. — Bot. Mag. t. 1634. — Jacq FI. Auslr. t. 351. — Redouts Liliac, t. 146. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 435. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. ii. pt. i. p. 88. — Ait. Hoit. Kew. 1st ed. v. i. p. 431. ; 2nd ed. v. ii. p, 242. — Decand. FI. Fr. v. iii. p. 203. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 236. — Lilium floribus reflexis montanum, Bauh. Pin. P- 77. — Ray’s Hist. 1112. — Lilium Jtore nutante ferugineo, Bauh. Hist. v. ii. p. 692. — Lilium montanum minus, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 196. f. 2. — Lilium Martagon floribus reflexis rubris punctatum et non punctatum, Moris. Hist. PI. Oxon. v. ii. p. 408. sect. 4. t. 20. f. 7 1— Lilium foliis verticillatis, floribus reflexis, corollis revolutis, Linn. Hor. Cliff, p. 120. n. 3. Fig. 1. Corolla. — Fig. 2. Stamens and Pistil; a. filament; b. anther. — Fig. 3. A Pistil ; a- germen ; b. style ; c. stigma. — Fig. 4. A separate Petal ; a. the nectary. — Fig. 5. Capsule. — Fig. 6. Transverse section of ditto. — Fig. 7. A Seed. — Fig. 8. A Bulb. * Of Pliny, and other Latin authors. + See folio 33, note f. $ See folio 1,0. § See folio 33, note t. Localities. — In copses, and on banks among bushes; a doubtful native. — Essex ; In tolerable plenty near the village of Sampford, on the road from Great Bardfield to Walden, where it was pointed out to Mr. Edward Double- day, in May, 1841, by Mr. R. M. Smith, of Great Bardfield, who had known of it for above twenty years. The spot is a high bank, sprinkled with low bushes, on the side of a lane leading from the village eastward to some un- explored part of the county: The Phytologist, v. i. p.62. — Kent; At Ash, near Wrotham, where it grows plentifully in a very wild situation on an estate belonging to Mr. Gladdish : Mr. N. B. Ward, in The Phytologist, v. i. p. 76. — Surrey ; “ Communicated” to English Botany, “ by the Rev. William A. Bromfield, and Mr. Borrer, from a copse on the grounds of Mr. Reid at Woodmanstone, about five miles from Epsom, well known to the inhabitants of the village under the name of Turk’s-cap Shaw. It grows among the thick underwood in great abundance, and is remembered by the older people of the neighbourhood to have flourished truly wild in that locality for more than half a century. Found likewise under similar circumstances in Marden Park near Godstone, and in a wide hedge-row between Headley and Juniper Hall, under Box Hill English Botany, Supp. folio 2799. See also Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist. v. iii. p. 153. and vol. viii. p. 117. In a little coppice to the right of the lane leading from Mickleham to Headley ; the coppice was (in 1826) over- shadowed by oak trees of considerable size, and the underwood had been cut during the previous year, so that the tall racemes of the Lily stood up nobly and conspicuously above the brushwood, and it would have been difficult for any passing observer not to have noticed them : Mr. E. Newman, in The Phytol. p. 26. In the greatest profusion (in 1840) in the station last mentioned. In some parts of the coppice the plants were so crowded, that the flowers produced a perfect blaze of the richest colour among the young trees: ibid. — Yorkshire; Said to grow in a wood near Kirby Fleetham, to all appearance wild : see Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist. v. iii. p. 438. Perennial. — Flowers in July. Bulb (fig. 8.) composed of spear-shaped, loose, yellow scales, with thick, long, whitish fibres at the base. Stem about 3 feet high, upright, straight, cylindrical, shining, slightly pubescent, pale green at bottom, purplish upwards, with scattered black spots. Leaves egg-spear-shaped, quite entire, the upper ones almost strap-shaped ; in very regular, distant whorls. Flowers terminating the stem in a loose, wide-set panicle ; their peduncles purple, spotted with black, with two spear-shaped bracteas at their base. Corolla pale purple, with dark spots ; petals elegantly recurved, the three outer slightly hairy, with a raised line along the middle. Filaments and Style pale. Anthers bay, with orange-coloured pollen. This very ornamental plant is a native of Germany, France, Siberia, Spain, and Portugal, It appears to have been cultivated in our gardens for nearly three centuries, for Gerarde says, in 1597, that he had had it many years growing in his garden. Its claim to be considered a native of England rests upon the autho- rities recorded above. A white-flowered variety is sometimes met with in gardens ; and also a larger variety with a pubescent stem, figured in the Bot. Mag. t. 893. “ The bulbs of this and some other species of Lily are cultivated in some parts of the Continent as the potatoe is with us, and furnish a nutritious and agreeable article of vegetable diet.” Engl. Bot. A \ \ (502.) ARCTOSTA'PHYLOS * *. Linnean Class and Order. Df.ca'ndria f, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Eri'ceas*, Brown's Prod. p. 557. — Lindl. Syn. p. 172 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 182. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 523. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 179. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 411. — Erica'cea:; subtribe, Androme'dea:, Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. pp. 785 and 787. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit. pp. 1076 and 1077. — Ericinea, Rich. byMacgilliv. p. 450. — Eric.*, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 159. — Sin. Gram, of Bot. p. 115. — Syringales; subord. Ericosa;; sect. Ericin.e ; type, Ericaceje ; subtype, Ericida: ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 900, 937, 944, 946, and 948. — Bicornes, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) small, inferior, of 1 sepal, in 5 rather blunt segments, permanent. Corolla (fig. 2.) of 1 petal, globose, or egg-shaped, flattened and transparent at the base ; its limb in 5 small, recurved, bluntish segments (see fig. 3). Filaments (see figs. 3 & 4.) 10, slightly attached to the base of the corolla, and about half its length, awl-shaped, smooth. Anthers without pores, fixed by the back beneath the apex, where they are furnished with a pair of reflexed awns or spurs. Germen (fig. 5.) superior, roundish, seated on an orbicular disk, or half immersed in it. Style (see fig. 5.) 1, terminal, cylindrical, upright, about as long as the corolla. Stigma blunt. Berry (see figs. 6 & 7.) nearly globular, smooth, fleshy, 5-celled ; cells 1-seeded. The 5-parted calyx ; the egg-shaped corolla, with a small, 5-cleft, revolute limb ; the smooth filaments ; the anthers without pores at the apex ; and the fleshy, smooth, 5-celled, 5-seeded berry; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. It differs from Arbutus (t. 497.) in the berry being smooth, not granulated. Two species British. ARCTOSTA'PHYLOS U'VA U'RSI. Bear-berries. Bear- whortleberries. Red Bear-berry. Red-berried Trailing Arbutus. Meal-berry. Spec. Char. Stems procumbent. Leaves ^permanent, inversely egg-shaped, quite entire, coriaceous, shining. Racemes terminal. Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi, Spring. Syst. Veg. v. ii. p. 287. — Lindl. Syn. p. 174.— Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 151. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 835. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit. v. ii. p. 1123. f. 923. ; Encycl. of Trees and Shrubs, p. 577. f. 1087. — Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 185. — Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. p. 949. — Arbutus Uva Ursi, Linn. Sp. FI. p. 566. — Engl. Bot. t. 714. — FI. Dan. t. 33. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 177. — Linn. FI. Lapp. (2nd ed. ) p. 129. t. 6. f. 3.— Willd. Sp. FI. v. ii, pt. I. p. 618.— Sin. FI. Brit. v. ii. p.443.; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 253. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 523. — Hoolt. Brit. FI. p. 189. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 216. t. 11. c, d. — Woodv. Med. Bot. v. ii. p. 194. t. 70. — Thorn t. Fam. Herb. p. 451, with a figure. — Pursh. FI. Amer. Sept. v. i. p. 283. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 126. — Johnst. FI. of Berw. v. ii. p. 280. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 27. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 37. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 247. — Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Fig. 3. Ditto, opened vertically. — Fig. 4. A Stamen. — Fig. 5. Germen. — Fig. 6. Berry. — Fig. 7. Transverse section of ditto. * From arctos, Gr. a bear ; and staphyle, Gr. a grape. + See folio 37, note t. t See folio 449, a. Baines’ FI. of Yofksh. p. 70.— Mack. Catal. of PI. Irek p. 39.: FI. Hib. p 182. — Arbutus procumbens, Salb. Prod. p. 289.— Vaccinia rubra foliis myrtinis crispis, Merr, Pin. p. 123. — Ray’s Syn p. 457 ; the synonyms confused (Smith). — Vaccinia ursi, sive Uva ursiapud Clusium, Johns. Ger. p. 1416. f. 5. — Uva ursi Galeni Clusii, Park. Theatr. Bot. p. 1457. f. 6. — Uva ursi, CIus. Hist. v. i. p. 63, with a figure — Uva ursi buxifolia, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 400. — Vitis Ideea, foliis carnosis et veluti punctatis, Bauh. Pin. p. 470. Localities. — On dry, heathy, mountainous, and rocky places. — Cheshire; On the hills betwixt Cheshire and Yorkshire ; near Greenfield : B.G. — Cumber- land ; Marindale Dale-Head, Ullswater: B G. Descending Grasmoor to Orummoekwater, rather on the Buttermere than the Scale Hillside: N. B. G. — Derbysh. On Kinder-Scout near Hayfield: B. G. Fox House, on the Moore: 1835; N. B.G. — Durham ; Cronkley Fell ; Force Garth Scar, Teesdale Forest ; and near Caldron Scout : B.G. — Lancash. Four miles from Heplonstall near Widdop, on a great stone by the river Gorlpe: Merrett, (1666). Shown to Ray, on the same spot, (before 1690), by T. Wili.isel: Ray's Syn. “ There is no such river as Gorlp, nor is the plant now to be found in Widdop :” Mr. Leyland, in N. B. G. — Northumberland ; On the Heath on the South side of East Common Wood near Hexham ; on Acton Cleugh, five miles N. of Blanch- land ; and on Little Waney-house Crag, sparingly: FI. of North. § Durh. — Shropsh. Devil’s Arm-chair, Stiperstones Hill: A. Aiken, Esq. in FI. of Shropsh. — Westmoreland ; Dale-head, near Ullswater: B. G. — Yorkshire ; Hutchin Moor, near Todmorden ; on Cronekley Scarr, and on Falcon Clints Scarr, on the opposite side of the Tees above Middleton. It formerly giew in the Eavs at Heplonstall, but is now eradicated: Mr. Baines, in FI. Yorksh. — SCOTLAND. Abundant on dry heathy, rocky places, in the Highlands and Western Isles: Hooker. — IRELAND. Very abundant on the limestone mountains, barony of Burren, county of Clare, and on several mountains in Cunnamara. At Fair-head, county of Antrim : FI. Iiibern. Shrub. — Flowers in June. Root long, branched, and fibrous. Stems numerous, woody, cylindrical, smooth, or slightly pubescent, very long, trailing on the ground, much branched, leafy. Leaves alternate, on short petioles, inversely egg-shaped, blunt, entire, stiff, rigid, evergreen, shining and wrinkled on the upper surface, veiny and paler beneath, smooth, except the slightly revolute margins, which are minutely downy. Scales of the buds spear-shaped, pointed, permanent. Slipulas none. Flowers in short, drooping, terminal clusters ( racemes J, with many pointed, coloured bracteas. Segments of the calyx pale, often fringed. Corolla of a beautiful rose-colour, smooth. Berry globose, depressed, smooth and glossy, red when ripe, about the size of a holly-berry, mealy within, very austere and astringent. As well as of Britain this plant is also a native of North America, in the pine- barrens of New Jersey, and in mountainous and rocky situations of Canada and New England; and the Island of Unalascba. It is abundant on the continent of Europe, as in Sweden. Denmark, and most parts of the north; also in Swit- zerland, Germany, Carniola, Dauphiny, Savoy, Siberia, ixc. — The whole plant is powerfully astringent; it abounds in the tannin principle; and, both in Sweden and America, it has been used for tanning leather, and dying it an ash- grey colour. Half a drachm of the powder of the leaves given every morning, or 2 or 3 times a day, has been found useful in calculus and nephiitic complaints, and other disorders of the urinary passages. It was also strongly recommended, by the late Dr. Bourne, of Oxford, in cases of pulmonary consumption*. — Punsii says, that on the plains of ti : e Mississipi the Indians smoke the leaves under the name of Sacacommis, and consider them of great medicinal virtue. Dr. Johnston informs us (FI. of Berw.J, that the berries of this Shrub are known by the common people in the west of Berwickshire by the name of Rapperdandies, and are eaten by them. T hey are dry, mealy, and austere, but are said to affoid excellent food for grouse and other game. * See “ Cases of Pulmonary Consumption, & c. Treated with Uva Ursi. By R. Bourne, M. D.,” &c. &c. 8vo. Oxford. 1805. . 503 (503.) SCHEUCHZE'llIA* *. Linnean Class and Order. Hexa'ndria f, Trigy'nia. Natural Order. Juncagi'ne.e J, Richard. — Lindl. Syn. p. 252 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 290. — Loud. Hot. Brit. p. 536. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 270.— Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 422— Alismaceze; sect. Juncagine.e ; Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 399. — Junci ; sect. 4. Juss. Gen. PI. pp. 43 & 46. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. pp. 72 & 73. — Juncales ; sect. Nayadin.e; type, Juncagina- ce.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 403, 413, & 415. — Tripeta- loide.e, Linn. Gen. Char. Perianthium (calxjx and corolla) (see fig. 1.) in- ferior, of 6 oblong, pointed, equal, uniform, recurved, permanent, brown, petal-like leaves. Filaments (see fig. 1.) 6, hair-like, lax, opposite to the leaves of the perianthium, and not so long. Anthers (see fig. 2.) terminal, longer than the filaments, dependant, strap- shaped, flattened, of 2 cells, openirig at the inner side, by two longitudinal, parallel fissures. Germens (see fig. 1, a.) 3, superior, egg-shaped, compressed, nearly the length of the perianthium. Styles none. Stigmas lateral, oblong, blunt, at the outer margin of each germen. Capsules (fig. 3.) 3, roundish, compressed, pointed, inflated, spreading, each of 1 cell and 2 valves. Seeds (fig. 5.) oblong, 1 or 2 in each capsule (see fig. 4). The perianthium of ‘6 equal, petal-like, leaves; the elongated anthers; and the 3 roundish, spreading, inflated, 2-valved, 1- or 2-seeded capsules ; will distinguish this genus from others in the same class and order. Only one species known. SCHEUCHZE'RIA PALU'STRIS. Marsh Scheuchzeria. Spec. Char. Engl. Bot. t. 1801. — FI. Dan. t. 76.— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 482. ; FI. Lapp. (2nd cd.) p. 103. t. 10. £. 1. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. ii. pt. I. p. 263. — Sm. Comp. FI. Brit, (3rd ed.) p 57. ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 199. — With. 5th cd. v. ii. p. 416. ; 7th ed. v. ii. p. 459. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 218. — Lindl. Syn. p. 252. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 171. — Maer. Man. Brit Bot. p. 222. — Irv. Lond. FI. pp. 241 & 242. — Baines’ FI. of Yorkslu p. 98. — Leiglit. FI. of Shrop. p. 155. — Junciis florid ns minor , Banh. Pin. p. 12. — ltudb. Camp. Ely. v. i. p. 110. f. 2. — Juncoidi affirm palustr is, Scheuchz. Agr. p. 336 .—Gramen junceum aguaticum, semine racemoso, Loes. FI. l’russ. p. 114. t. 28. Fig. 1. A Flower ; a. the germens. — Fig. 2. A separate Stamen. — Fig. 3. Cap- sules.— Fig. 4. A single Capsule , with one of its valves removed. — Fig. 5. A Seed. — Fig. 6. Point of one of the leaves. — Figs. 1, 2, and 6, magnified. * So named by Linnjeus, in memory of the two brothers, John James, pro- fessor of Mathematics at Zurich, (born 1672 ; died 1738), author of Novem Itinera per alpinas regivnes facta. 1723. 4to. ; and John Scheuchzer, pro- fessor of Physics, at Zurich, author of a famous treatise on Grasses, intitled, Agrostographia sive Graminum .Juncorum ; Cyperorum.Cyperoidum, Usque affinium Historia, SjC. 1719. 4to. •f Sec folio 33, note f. | See folio 60, a. Localities. — In wet spongy mountain bogs ; very rare. — Shropsh. Bomere Pool,. near Shrewsbury ; Aug. 4, 1832 : C. C. Babjncton, Esq. in Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist., v. vi. p. 368. Found in the same locality by the late John Jeudwine, Esq., M. A. Second Master of Shrewsbury School, seven years previously to Mr. Babington’s discovery: Mr. Liigiiton, in FI. of Shropsh. On the moss on the west side of Bomere Pool, and also on the adjoining Shomere moss, both near Shrewsbury: FI. of Shropsh. — Yorksh. In Lakeby Car, near Borough-bridge, growing abundantly along with Lysimachia thyrsiHora, 1807: (Rev. Mr. Dalton.) Sir J. E. Smith, in English Botany. Mr. Baines says (1840), that he had diligently examined Lakeby Car, for five seasons, without being able to find a single specimen. See FI. of Yorkshire. — SCOTLAND. Perthshire : Methven, near Perth : Mr. Duff, 1833. Perennial. — Flowers in May and June. Root long, creeping, tough, with a lax, white and shining cuticle. Stem upright, from 5 to 8 inches high, wavy, simple, smooth, com- pressed. Leaves few, upright, 2-ranked, alternate, becoming con- siderably elongated after flowering, semicylindrical, blunt, with a terminal pore or depression on the upper side (see fig. 6.) ; spongy within, dilated at the base into a large, membranous, clasping, blunt stipula. Cluster ( raceme J terminal, of about 5 small, in- conspicuous, greenish-brown flowers, each on a partial stalk with a membranous, leaf-like bractea at its base. Perianth and Stamens (see fig. 1.) reflexed. Anthers (see figs. 1 & 2.) brown, vertical, strap-shaped, opening at the inner side by 2 longitudinal parallel fissures. Germens (see figs. 1, a.) usually 3, egg-shaped, with lateral, sessile, oblong, downy stigmas. Capsules (see fig. 3.) globose, about the size of a pea, coriaceous, inflated, wrinkled, each containing 1 or 2 egg-shaped, smooth seeds. This very curious and interesting little plant is a native of Lapland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Prussia, Dau- phine, and Siberia. It had never been found wild in Britain until the Rev. JamesDalton discovered it, in 1807, growing abundantly in Lakeby Car, near Boroughbridge, as stated above ; but where it has now, according to Mr. Baines’ observations, become very rare, if not extinct. A living plant from Bomere Pool, near Shrewsbury, was kindly communicated to me in July, 1838, by W. Borrer, Esq. of Henfield, Sussex. The plant, up springing from the seed, Expands into a perfect flow’r ; The virgin-daughter of the mead, Wooed by the sun, the wind, the sliow’r; In loveliness beyond compare, It toils not, spins not, knows no care. Trained by the secret hand that brings All beauty out of waste and rude, It blooms a season, — dies, — and flings Its germs abroad in solitude. Montgomery. JOZ • ^r'UasndeAs . O JUUAemt Del 8 Sc. PuS. by WBax&'BoTQmcGcrcfsn.CbtfrrdHLl (504.) CORIA'NDIIUM* *. Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Digy'nia. Natural Order. Umbelli'fera:J, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 218. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lindl. Syn. p. 111.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 517. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 235. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 113. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 408. — Umbellat.e, Linn. — Rosales ; sect. Angelicin;e ; type, Coriandrace.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 770, & 783. Gen. Char. Calyx (see fig. 3, a.) superior, of 5 broad, pointed, unequal, permanent teeth. Corolla (see figs. 1 & 2.) of 5 inversely egg-shaped petals, with an inflexed point ; those of the innermost flowers nearly equal and regular (see fig. 2.) ; those of the marginal ones irregular (see fig. 1.) ; the 2 inner ones equal, deeply lobed ; the 2 next with 2 very unequal lobes ; the odd one with 2 very large, equal, inversely egg-shaped lobes. Filaments (see fig. 1.) 5, thread-shaped, spreading, as long as the smaller petals. Anthers roundish. Gcrmen (see fig. 3.) globose, smooth. Styles (see fig. 3, b .) 2, thread-shaped, spreading, each in length equal to the diameter of the fruit, their bases conical, tapering. Stigmas small, blunt. Fruit (figs. 4 & 5.) globose, smooth, 10-ribbed, hardly separable. Carpels with 5 primary depressed, flexuose ribs ; and 4 secondary more prominent keeled ones. Interstices ( channels ) without vittae ; the commissure (inner face of the carpel) with 2 vittas. Seed hollowed in front, covered by a loose membrane. Universal Involucrum none, or of 1 or 2 leaves ; partial one unilateral, of about 3 strap-spear-shaped leaves. Flowers white. The calyx of 5 broad, unequal teeth ; the corolla of 5 inversely egg-shaped petals, with an indexed point, the outer of which are radiant; the globose, smooth fruit; and the closely adhering car- pels, each with 5 primary depressed wavy ribs, and 4 secondary more prominent keeled ones ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Only one species known. CORIA'NDRUM SATI'VUM. Cultivated Coriander. Common Coriander. Col. Spec. Char. Engl. Bot. t. 67.— FI. Gr®c. v. iii. p. 76. t. 283.— Linu. Sp. PI. p. 367.— Iluds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 123.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. n. p. 1448.— Woodv. Med. Bot. t. 181.— Mart. FI. Rust. t. 141.— Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 320.; Engl. FI. v. id. P- With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 386. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 522. — Lindl. Syn. p. 115. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 116. — Decand. Prod. v. iv. p. 250. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 382.— Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 107.— Relli. FI Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 121. — Thorn. Fam. Herb. p. 294, with a figure. — Winch’s FI. of Fig. 1. One of the outermost Flowers. — Fig. 2. One of the innermost Flowers. — Pig. 3. Germen ; a. Calyx, b. Styles. — Figs. 4 & 5. Fruit. — Fig. 6. Transverse section of ditto. — All, except figs. 2 & 4, magnified. * From coris, Gr. a bug ; the leaves when bruised smelling like that insect t See folio 48, note t- J See folio 235, a. Northumb. and Durli. p. 19. — Bum. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. p. 783. N°. 3170.— Loud. Eneycl. of Gavd. (now edit.) p. 877. paragr. 4627. ; Encycl. of Agrieul. p. 930. paragr. 6065. f. 801. — Bab. Prim. FI. Sam. p. 16. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 31. — Irv. Loud. FI. p. 233.— Coriandrum majus, Bauh. Pin. p. 158. — Riv. Pentap. IiJr. t. 71. — Moris. Hist. PI. v. iii. p. 269. sect. 9. t. 11. f. 1. — Coriandrum , Ray’s Syn. p. 221. — Johnson’s Gerardo, p. 1012. f. 1. — Riv. Pentap. Irr. t. 70. — Bauh. Hist, v. iii. pt. ii. p. 89, with a figure. — Coriandrum vulgare, Park. Thcat. Bot. p. 918. Locai.ities.— In fields, waste places, and dunghills; not really wild. — Cambridgesh. In the corn-field by the road to Hinton, between Cambridge and the New Mill: Rev. R. R flu an. — Durham ; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear; and near Marley Hill ; a naturalized exotic: N. J. Winch, Esq. — Essex ; About Coggleshall, Tolcsbury, and other places: Ray. Under the Cliff, below South End: Mr. E. Forster, jun. — Lincolnsk. Wild and uncul- tivated places about Folkingham, very plentiful, and apparently indigenous : L. W. Dillwyn, Esq. — Northumberland ; On the liallast-hills of Tyne: N. J. Winch, Esq.— Suffolk; About Ipswich : Sir J. E. Smith. Among corn near Framlingham : Ckabbe. — Surrey; Lane between Dorking and Ranmore Common: N. J. Wincii, Esq. Battersea Fields: FI. Metr. — In Worcester- shire: Mr. E. Lees, in N. B. G. — SCOTLAND. Aberdeensh. On the Inch, opposite the dock-yards, near Aberdeen : G. Dickie, Esq. — Lanarhsh. Banks of the Canal, Fossil, near Glasgow: Mr. W. Christy, in N.B. G. Annual. — Flowers in June. Root small, tapering. Stem upright, from a foot, or a foot and a half, to 2 feet high, more or less branched, leafy, cylindrical, striated, smooth. Leaves compound, various ; lower ones either simply or doubly pinnate, with the leaflets wedge-shaped, or fan- shaped, and sharply notched ; upper leaves gradually more com- pound, with the segments very narrow and strap-shaped, those of the uppermost leaves almost bristle-shaped. Umbels lateral and terminal, stalked, of 4 or 5 general rays, rarely more ; the partial rays more numerous. Universal Involucrum usually wanting, but sometimes of 1 or 2 small narrow leaves ; partial one of about 3 strap-spear-shaped leaves, all directed to one side. Calyx more distinctly formed than is usual in umbelliferous plants. Flowers white, sometimes tinged with red ; petals of the outer ones larger, radiate, unequal, expanding ; those of the central ones equal, smaller, and incurved. Fruit (see figs. 4 & 5.) pale brown, “ very curious ; each carpel is hemispherical ; on its inner and flat side having a projecting margin, which combines with the opposite one so as to leave no line or furrow between the two, and they form a complete little ball or globe ; having, however, when quite ripe, 10 obscure elevated lines or ribs.” (Hooker.) This plant is a native of corn-fields in the Levant, Tartary. Greece, Italy, and the South of France, and has, through being much cultivated in Essex, become naturalized in that county, and in a few other places in Britain. The fresh leaves, when bruised, have a very strong and disagreeable scent ; the seeds also are strong and disagreeable when fresh, but they become sufficiently grateful by drying. They are used by the distil lei s for flavouring spirits; by the con- fectioner for incrusting with sugar; and by the druggist tor various purposes. They are recommended as carminative and stomachic i they are also used to cover the taste of senna, and in spices as currie powder, and seasoning for black puddings; formerly they were steeped in wine, and then dried to render them milder. In some countries the leaves are used in soups and salads. For information as to the culture of this plant, see Young’s General View of the Agriculture of the County of Essex, v. ii. p. 57 to 62. ; Loudon’s Ency- clopcedia of Agriculture ; Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gat'd, and Bot., §c. (505.) CYCLAMEN* * Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria f, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Primula'ce.e (J;, Vent. — Br. Prod. p. 427. — Lindl. Syn. p. 183. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 225. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 431. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 529. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 192. — Hook. Br. FI. (4th edit.) p. 415. — Lysimachije ; sect. 2. Juss. Gen. PI. p. 95. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 95. — Syringales; subord. Primulosa;; sect. Primulina: ; type, Primulacea: ; subtype, Primulida; ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 900,958, 1020, 1024, & 1025. — Rotace/e, Linn. Gen Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, bell-shaped, of 1 sepal, divided half way into 5 egg-shaped segments, permanent. Corolla (tig. 2.) of 1 petal, wheel-shaped ; tube egg-shaped, longer than the calyx ; mouth naked, prominent ; limb much longer than the tube, in 5 deep, oblique, equal segments, which are reflexed upwards (see figs. 2 & 3). Filaments (fig. 4.) 5, very short, in the tube. Anthers straight, acute, converging, in the mouth of the corolla. Germen (fig. 5.) roundish. Style (see fig. 5.) cylindrical, straight, rather longer than the tips of the anthers. Stigmas simple. Capsule (see figs. 6 & 7.) globose, rather fleshy, of 1 cell, opening at the top with 5 teeth (see fig. 7). Seeds (see figs. 7 & 8.) numerous, somewhat egg-shaped, angular, covering a central, roundish egg- shaped, stalked, unconnected placenta or receptacle. The superior, bell-shaped, 5-cleft calyx ; the monopetalous, wheel-shaped corolla, with a naked, prominent mouth, and 5 re- flexed segments ; and the somewhat fleshy, 1-celled, many-seeded capsule ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. CYCLAMEN HEDER^FO'LIUM. Ivy-leaved Cyclamen. Sow- bread. Spec. Char. Leaves heart-shaped, angular, finely toothed ; their ribs and foot-stalks roughish. Mouth of the Corolla toothed. Ait. Hort. Kew. (1st edit.) v. i. p. 196. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt ii. p. 810. — Ait. Hort. Kew. (2nd edit.) r. i. p. 311. — Bot. Mag. t. 1001 ? — Sm. Comp. Ft. Brit. (3rd ed.) p. 35. ; Engl. Ft. v. i. p. 273. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 291. — Lindl. Syn. p. 182. — Hook. Brit. Ft. p. 89. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 191. — Cyclamen Eu- rapceum, Engl. Bot. t. 548. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 207. — Sym. Syn. p. 53. — Sm. Ft. Brit. v. i. p. 224. — With. (5th ed. ) v. ii. p. 299. — Cyclamen vernum, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 303. — Cyclamen neapolitanum, Bot. Reg. N. S. (1838) t. 49 1 — Loud. Gard. Mag. v. xiv. p. 4801 — Cyclamen hederce folio, Bauh. Pin. p. 308. — Johnson’s Gerardo, p. 843. f. 2. Localities. — In woods and thickets ; rare. — Kent; Growing in great abund- ance in a wood on Alderdown Farm, in the parish of Sandhurst, on a poor yellow sandy loam soil ; Dec. 6, 1819. The flowers were red, white, and purple: Mr. W. Ross, in TV. Linn. Soc. v. xiii. p. 616. In a coppice just before you enter the village of Sandhurst, on the Winchelsea road : 1831 ; Mr. W. Pamplin, in Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Fig. 3. A Segment of the Corolla, showing the situation of the stamens. — Fig. 4. Stamens, attached to the base of the tube of the corolla. — Fig. 5. Germen, Style, and Stigma. — Fig. 6. Unripe Capsule, with its spiral fruit-stalk. — Fig. 7. A ripe Capsule. — Fig. 8. A Seed. — All of the natural size. * Supposed from cyclos, Gr. a circle ; from the root being round, t Sec fol. 48, note J Sec fol. 296, a. N. B. G. Sandhurst: W. Christy, Esq. ibid . Near Sandhurst, in the woods on both sides of the road front llawkhurst to Newenden : 1841 ; Mr. Howard Jf.nnir, and i\lr. Walter \V. Hi eves. — Notts ; At Hangar, near the seat of Earl Howe, plentifully, hut yet doubtful as a native, (on the authority of Mr. Gregory): Ilev. G. Gkabrf, in 13. G. This station does not appear to be confitmed by present Botanists : Mr. H. C. Watson, in N.I3.G. — Suffolk; On a steep bank in the parish of Bromfield, on a wet clay soil: Mr. I). K. Davy, in Sm. FI. Brit. — WALES. Pembrokeshire ; “ 1 found a large plant of it in the woods at Stockpole Court, but suspect it is not a native:” Mr. Milne, in B. G. Perennial. — Flowers in April. Root large, orbicular, compressed, brown, sending out many branched fibres. Leaves all radical, heart-shaped, angular, finely toothed ; when full grown 3 inches and a half long, and 2 inches and a half broad, beautifully variegated with dark and glaucous green ; their underside paler, purplish, with slightly glandular ribs. Petioles f leaf -stalks J from 3 to 6 inches long, cylindrical, minutely glandular ; tapering and wavy at the base. Young leaves often much more distinctly lobed than the full-grown ones. Flowers handsome, pendulous, on naked wavy stalks, taller than the leaves. Calyx small, divided halfway into 5 egg-shaped segments. Corolla white or pale-pink ; purplish about the mouth, which is distinctly toothed. Stamens very short, concealed within the corolla. After the flowers are over, the flower-stalks curl spirally (see fig. 6.), enclosing the germen in the centre, and, lowering it to the earth, repose on the surface of the soil till the seeds are ready to escape. — This beautiful and admirable process, says Mr. Denson, in Gard. Mag. v. vii. p. 563, is sufficient to suggest to the observant gardener that the seeds of Cyclamen require to be sown the moment they are ripe. 't he root of this plant, in a recent state, (for when dried it is said to lose such properties,) is powerfully pungent and acrid, yet, notwithstanding this, it is the chief food of the wild boars of Sicily, where it abounds ; hence its common name of Sow-bread. The accompanying plate is from a very beautiful drawing by Mr. Isaac Russell, botanical draughtsman, and glass painter, of Oxford, from a specimen kindly communicated to me by Mr. Walter W. Reeves, of Farnham, Surrey, from its station near Sandhurst, Kent. I have also received fine living plants of it from my kind friend Mr. Edward Jenner, of Lewes, Sussex, taken up in the same locality, in November, 1841. “ In what delightful land Sweet scented flower didst thou attain thy birth ? Thou art no offspring of the common earth, By common breezes fann’d. Thy beauty makes rejoice My inmost heart; I know not how ’tis so. Quick eoming fancies thou dost make me know, For fragrant is thy voice. Thy home is in the wild, ’Mong sylvan shades near music haunted springs. Where peace dwells all apart from earthly things, Like some secluded child. Thou bringst unto the soul A blessing, and a peace inspiring thought, And dost the goodness and the power denote. Of Him who form’d the whole.” \V. Anderson. -n^/bas- t /W ^ty lf&us&r BeTanu £*rcBm CU/i-a. 1%L 3. FufctftVtl. MaFtnn Sc. (506.) PO'PULUS* *. Linnean Class and Order. Dias'ciAf, Octa'ndriaJ. Natural Order. Saucine^ §, Rich, by Macgilliv. p.543. — Lindl. Intr. to Nat. Syst. p. 98. — Salica'cea;, Loud. Arboret. et Frutic. Brit. v. iii. p. 1453. — Amf.nta'ce.e, Linn. — Juss. Gen. PI. p. 407. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 189. — Lindl. Syn. p. 228. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 534. — Mack. FI. Ilibern. p. 242. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 419 — Querneales; sect. Quercina: ; type, Sali- caceaj ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 523 & 526. Gen. Char. Sterile Floicers. Catkin (fig. 1.) oblong, cylindri- cal, loosely imbricated every way, many-flowered. Calyx (fig. 2, a.) a single-flowered, wedge-shaped, flat scale, unequally jagged at the summit. Corolla (fig. 2, b.) of 1 petal ; turbinate and tubular below ; dilated, undivided, obliquely cup-shaped in the border. Filaments (see fig. 2.) 8, or more, hair-like, very short. Anthers drooping, large, quadrangular. — Fertile Flowers. Calyx, Corolla, and Catkin, as in the sterile flower (see fig. 4, a, and b). Germen (fig. 4, c.) superior, egg-shaped, pointed. Style none. Stigmas 4 or 8, awl-shaped. Capsule egg-shaped, of 2 concave valves, and 1 cell. Seeds numerous, small, egg-shaped, each crowned with a tuft of fine hairs. The imbricated catkin ; the jagged scale of the calyx ; the tur- binate, oblique, undivided corolla, of both sterile and fertile flowers. The 4 or 8 stigmas; the superior, 1 -celled, 2-valved capsule; and the tufted seeds, of the fertile flowers; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. Four species British. PO'PULUS NIGRA. Black Poplar. Old English Poplar. Wil- low Poplar. Water Poplar. Spec. Char. Leaves deltoid or trowel-shaped, pointed, ser- rated, smooth on both sides. Fertile Catkins cylindrical, loose. Stigmas four. Engl. Bot. t. 1910. — Johnson’s Gerardo, p. 1486. f. 2. — Park. Theatr. Bot. p. 1410. f. 3. — Bauli. Hist. v. i. pt. ii. p. 155. with a figure. — Ray’s Syn. p. 446. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1464.— Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 434. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. II. p. 804. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 1081. ; Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 245. — With. (7th edit.) v. ii. p. 488. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 243. — Lindl. Syn. p. 238. — Hook. Brit. FI p. 437. ; ibid. 5th edit. p. 325. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 215. — Hunt. Evel. Sylva. p. 208, n. 2.— Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit, v. iii. p. 1652. fig. 1513. ; and v. vii. t 219, 220, & 221.; Encycl. of Trees and Shrubs, p. 824. f. 1498. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. ii. p. 618. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 95. — Sibth. FI Oxon. p. 126. —Abb. FI. Bedf. p. 215.— Purt. Midi. FI. v. ii. p.480.— Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd edit.) p. 409. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 289. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 210. — FI. Devon, pp. 160 and Fig. 1. Sterile Catkin. — Fig. 2. A separate Flower of ditto ; a. the Scale, or Calyx; b. the Corolla. — Fig. 3. A fertile Catkin. — Fig. 4. A separate Flower of ditto ; a. the Scale ; b. the Corolla ; c. the Germen. * Populus, or the tree of the people, as it was esteemed to be in the time of the Romans, and of the French revolution. Hooker. 4 See fol. 143, note 4. $ Sec fol. 42, note t. § See fol. 434, a. 135. — Johnst. FI. of Berw. v . i. p. 220. — Winch’s FI. of Northumber. and Durh. p. 64.— Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 297.— Bab. FI. Bath, p. 46.— Irv. Lond. FI. p. 115. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 42.— Leight. FI. of Shropsh. p. 495.— Gulliv. PI. of Banbury, p. 20.— Beesley’s Hist, of Banbury, p. 588.— Mack. Catal. PI. of Irel. p. 86. ; FI. Hibern. p. 254. Localities, — In moist woods, and about the banks of rivers. Tree. — Flowers in March. A large tree , with an ample head, composed of numerous branches and terminal shoots. Wood tough, and close grained. Bark thick, blackish, somewhat spongy, becoming rough and deeply furrowed with age. Branches smooth ; rarely hairy when young. Leaves on yellowish, somewhat compressed petioles ; deltoid, or unequally quadrangular, pointed, serrated, the base more entire, very smooth, deep green, the under side palest. Catkins all loose and drooping, 3 or 4 inches long, appearing before the leaves, in March and April ; those of the sterile trees are of a dark red, and, being produced in abundance, have a very striking effect. Stamens 8, scarcely more with us, though Linnaeus and Leers describe 16. Germen in the fertile flower egg-shaped, but slender, closely sheathed at the base only with the regular cup-like corolla. Stigmas 4, awl-shaped, simple, moderately spreading, reddish. Capsule roundish, in- closing the seeds, which are enveloped in a beautiful white cotton, by which, when the capsule opens, they are disseminated to a great distance by the winds. This tree is a native of Europe, from Sweden to Italy. It is found also in the north of Africa. In a natural state, the leaves and young shoots are eaten by cattle, and the wood by beavers. The bark, in Russia, is used for preparing morocco leather; and, when it is pulverized it is eaten by sheep. In Britain, it is used, like that of the oak, for tanning leather. The bark of the old trunk, being very thick, light, and corky, is employed by fishermen to support their nets, and, it is said, is used as coiks for bottles. In Kamschatka, and in Norway, the poor inhabitants are sometimes reduced to the necessity of drying the inner hark, and grinding it, in order to mix it with their oatmeal. The wood is light, soft, and not apt to splinter, and is used by the turner, and in particular by the bellows- maker, it being very close and light. It is incomparable, according to Evelyn, for all sorts of white wooden vessels, as trays, bowls, and other turner’s ware. It is also used for making clogs, and for the soles, as well as heels, of shoes. Like all the other kinds of Poplar, the wood is bad for fuel, as it lather roasts away than burns, giving a great deal of smoke, but no flame. On this account it is considered as excellent for building of cottages, stables. Sec. ; and also for floor- ing, as the boards are so slow in taking fire, that the flames are said to have been stopped at that part of a building on fire, where this timber had been used. The buds, macerated in boiling water, and afterwards bruised in a mortar and pressed, yield a fat substance, which burns like wax, and exhales a fine odour. Brooms are made of the twigs, and in some places sheep are fed upon the dried leaves in winter. From the cottony down, which envelopes the seeds, paper and cloth have been manufactured. The red substances, like berries, upon the leaves and leaf-stalks, as large as a cherry, bulging on one side, and gaping on the other, are occasioned by an in- sect, the Apis Populi. — Erysiphe adunca ; Uredo Populi ; and Erineum Populinum ; three minute parasitic fungi, are common on the living leaves of this species of Poplar about Oxford in the summer : and, later in the season, on the dry fallen leaves, may be found Sphceria ceuthocarpa, of Frie’s, Xyloma populinum, of Persoon, in abundance. : 4 * . v *\ ' ' Ccccu^cu/m Ts-etCOi'J&'l*. r- ■ctA( Mather*! Dstt.Sc. Tui ^ ty WE’raxli'Bolu’Uc Gtertfrn Ox/ardJrttJ 7 ^Lr>ytu4>-?t'. !/. (507.) CUCU'BALUS* * Linnean Class and Order. Deca'ndria f, Trigy'niA. Natural Order. Caryophy'lle.i;+, Linn. — Juss. Gen. PI. p. 299. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 159. — Lindl. Syn. p. 43. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 156. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 507. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p.-501. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. vol. i. p. 379. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 40. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 400. — Rosales; subord. RhcEadosa:; sect. Dianthin.e ; type, Dian- thacEjE ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 784, 805, & 807. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, of 1 sepal, bell-shaped, with 5 teeth, naked, permanent. Corolla (see fig. 2.) of 5 spread- ing petals, with long, narrow claws, dilated upwards, attached to the receptacle, crowned in the throat with as many bifid scales (see fig. 2*.) ; limb flat, bifid. Filaments (see fig. 2.) 10, awl-shaped, 5 alternate ones attached to the petals, and rather later than the other 5. Anthers roundish. Germen (see fig. 3.) oval. Styles (see fig. 3.) 3, short. Stigmas oblong, downy along the upper or inner side. Capsule (fig. 4.) fleshy, resembling a berry, of 1 cell. Seeds (see figs. 5, 7, & 8.) numerous, kidney-shaped, roughish, attached to the central receptacle or placenta (see figs. 5 and 6). The monosepalous, inferior, bell-shaped, 5-toothed, naked calyx ; the corolla of 5 petals, each with a long narrow claw, and a bifid limb ; and the fleshy, 1-celled capsule ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. It differs from Silene (t. 120.) in the fruit being a black berry. Only one species known. CUCU'BALUS BA'CCIFER. Berry-bearing Spatling Poppy. Berry-bearing Campion. Berry-bearing Chickweed. Spec. Char. Cuci'balus baccifer, Gcrtn. v. i. p. 376. t. 77. f. 7. — Engl. Bot. t. 1577.— Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p 464. — Davies’ 'Welsh Bot. p. 41. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. p. 398. — Cucubalus bacciferus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 591. — Huds. FI, Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 185. — Rohson’s Brit. FI. p. 101. — With 1st edit. v. i. p. 259 ; ibid. 5th edit. v. ii. p. 507. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 645. — Decand. Prod. v. i. p. 367. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 29. — Cucubalus l‘linii , Dalecli. Hist. p. 1429. — Tourn. Inst. p. 339. — Dill, in Ray’s Syn. p. 267. — Mill. Icon. t. 112. — Silent baccifera, With. (2nd ed.) v. i. p. 452. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. ii. pt. i. p. 700. — Silene Jissa, Salisb, Prod. p. 302. — Alsine baccifera, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 614. f. 13. — Alsine repens baccifera. Park. Theatr. Bot. p. 759. f. 1. — Alsine scan - dens baccifera, Bauh. Pin. p. 250. — Recentiorum planta, Alsines majoris facice baccis solani, Moris. Hist. v. ii. p. 5. sect. 1. t. i. f. 7. Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Fig. 2*. A separate Petal. — Fig. 3. Germen, Styles, and Stigmas. — Fig. 4. A Berry. — Fig 5. Vertical Section of a Berry.— Fig. 6. A transverse section of ditto, showing the central Placenta. — Fig. 7. A Seed. — Fig. 8. A Seed with the Testa removed, showing the curved Embryo. * Altered from Cacobolus, which is derived from kakos. Gr. bad; and bale. Or. a shoot or sprig ; that is to say, a plant destructive of the soil, a bad plant, a weed. Don. ■f See folio 37, note f. f See folio 152, a. Localities. — In hedges, and shady places; very rare. — Essex; “In the margin ol' my copy of Ray’s Synopsis, against Cucubalus Plinii (C. bacciferj, a former possessor of ihe book has written as a habitat, Springfield. From the colour of the ink and style of writing, it is evident this entry was made soon after the Dillenian edition of the Synopsis appeared. Perhaps some of your readers, on seeing this note, will search in the neighbourhood of Springfield for this plant, which may very readily have been overlooked.’’ H. O. Stephens, in The Phytologist, v. i. p 295. — Middlesex ; “ In the Isle of Dogs, on the banks of the ditch on the left-hand of the road from Blackwall to the Ferry-House ; and there, if not truly indigenous, it is at least perfectly naturalized. I also feel convinced that I have met with it in similar situations in other parts of England ; but the plant not being in flower, 1 have passed it, as I did the first time I saw it in the Isle of Dogs, thinking it to be merely Cerastium aguaticum, which in that state it much resembles. It is probable that, like Polygonum dunietorum, this plant only requires to have the attention of Botanists directed to it, to lead to its discovery in other localities.’’ Mr. G. Luxford, in Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. xviii. p. 687. See also, “ The Phytologist,” v. i. p. 255. — WALES. Anglesea ; Gathered in hedges in Anglesea, and communicated to Dr. Richard- son : Dillenius, in Hay’s Syn. The Rev. Hugh Davies, who was well ac- quainted with the botany of A nglesea, could never find it there. — S'JOTLAND. In hedges in the Isle of Man : Mr. Roeson. — Edinburghshire ; “ Notwith- standing Sir .1. E. Smith has rejected this plant as not being of British origin, (see Eng. FI. v. ii. p. 290), we have seen it growing plentifully along with Silene in/lata, by hedge sides, not far from Roslin Castle near Edinburgh, in the year 1817 Mr. G. Don, in Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. p. 398. Perennial. — Flowers in May, June, and July. Root creeping. Stems from 2 to 5 feet, or more, long, weak and straggling, leafy, cylindrical, hollow, somewhat hairy, much branched ; branches opposite at each joint, horizontal or reclining downwards. Leaves opposite, on short petioles, egg-spear-shaped, entire, downy. Flowers axillary and terminal, drooping, solitary, on slender, downy peduncles (flower-stalks). Calyx large, bell- shaped, downy, thin, permanent, frequently tinged with purple. Corolla greenish-white, or cream-coloured ; petals distant, spread- ing, cloven ; claws very narrow, generally more or less crowned at the mouth, but in that respect they vary. Stamens inserted into the petals, and the receptacle alternately. Fruit an oval, fleshy capsule, resembling a berry, very black when ripe, smooth and shining, with one cell, and many seeds. Seeds shining, wrinkled, kidney-shaped, blackish. This plant is a native of Germany, Flanders, France, Switzerland, Carniola, Italy, and Spain, in woods and hedges. SirJ.E. Smith admitted it into his Flora Britannica, and his English Botany , on the authority of Dii.eenius’s edition of Ray’s Synopsis ; but as no one had observed it afterwards up to the time of the publication of his English Flora, he considered himself under the necessity of excluding it from that work. Its discovery, however, in the localities above cited seems to give it a claim to a place in this work. Johnson, in Gerarde’s Herbal, as long ago as 1633, speaks of it as being wild in England, but he had himself only seen it in a garden ; and Parkinson (in 1640) says, in his Theatrum Botanicum, p. 760, “ I have sometimes found it by hedge sides in our own Land.” — The berries are said to be poisonous. ■ ■ (508.) LE'DUM * *. Linnean Class and Order. Df.ca'ndria f, Monogy'nia. Natural Order. Eri'ceac+, Brown's Prod. p. 557. — Lindl. Syn. p. 172 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 182. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 523. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 179. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 4 1 1 . — Erica'cea: ; tribe, Rhodo'rea., Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. pp. 785 and 788. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit. pp. 1076 and 1078. — Ericinea:, Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 450. — Ericas, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 159. — Sn>. Gram, of Bot. p. 115. — Syringales; subord. Ericosas; sect. Ericina:; type, Ericacea: ; subtype, Ericid^e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 900, 937, 944, 946, and 948. — Bicorn es, Linn. Gen. Char. Calyx (see fig. 5.) inferior, very small, of 1 sepal, in 5 egg-shaped, spreading segments. Corolla (see fig. 2.) of 5 spreading, egg-shaped, concave, rounded petals. Filaments (see fig. 2.) from 5 to 10, thread-shaped, spreading, the length of the corolla. Jlnlhcrs (see figs. 2, 3, & 4.) oblong, roundish at the base, opening by 2 terminal pores. Germen (see fig. 2.) egg-shaped. Style (see figs. 2 & 5.) thread-shaped, as long as the stamens. Stigma blunt. Capsule (see figs. 5, 6, & 7.) roundish or somewhat egg-shaped, of 5 cells, and 5 valves, the dissepiments formed by the inflexed margins of the valves, opening from the base and between the dissepiments. Seeds (see figs. 8 & 10.) numerous, flat, strap- shaped, roughish, furnished with a membranous wing at each extremity. The minute, 5-toothed calyx ; the 5-petaled corolla ; the anthers opening by 2 terminal pores ; the 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded capsule, opening at the base ; and the flat, strap-shaped seeds, co- vered with a pellucid membrane or arillus ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British ? LE'DUM PALU'STRE. Marsh Ledum. Marsh Wild-Rosmary. Spec. Char. Leaves strap-shaped, revolute at the margin, downy beneath. Stamens 10. Hook. FI. Lond. folio 210. t. 212. — FI. Dan. t. 1031. — Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 560. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 561. ; FI. Suec. p. 135. ; FI. Lapp. (2nd edit.) p. 127. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. ii. pt. i. p. 602. — Ait. llort. Kew. 1st edit. v. ii. p. 65. ; ibid. 2nd edit, v. iii. p, 48. — Pnrsh. FI. Amer. Sept. v. i. p. 300. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 520. — Lindl. Syn. p. 173. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 187. — Maer. Man. Brit. Bot. p 152. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 851. — Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit. v. ii. p. 1155. f. 966 ; Encycl. of Trees and Shrubs, p. 603. f. 1150. — Lddum Site- Tig. 1. A Leaf seen from the under side. — Fig. 2. A Flower. — Fig. 3. Back view of a Stamen. — Fig. 4. Front view of a Stamen. — Fig. 5. Calyx and Pislil. — Fig. 6. Capsule ( nat . size). — Fig. 7. Capsule separating with ils valves. — Fig. 8. Portion of a valve, to show the receptacle of the Seeds. — Fig. 9. A single Valve. — Fig. 10. A Seed — All, except fig. 6. more or less magnified. — Sections from the •• Flora Loudinensis.” * From the similarity of ils foliage to that of the Cistus Ledum. f See folio 37, note t. t See folio 419, a. sidcum, Cltis. Pann. p. 88. — Park. Theatr Bot. p. 75. f. 5. — Rosmarittum sylvis- tre, Cam. Epit. p. 546. — Park. Thoatr. Bot. p. 75 f. 5. — Cistus Ledon folds rorismarini ferrugineis, Bauh. Finn. p. 467. — Cistus Ledum Silesiacum, Johnson’s Geravde, p. 1288. f. II. — Cistus Ledum Rorismarini folio, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 1289. f. 12. Localities. — In marshy places; a very doubtful native. — IRELAND. " Detected by Sir Charles Giesfcke, Professor of Mineralogy in the University of Dublin, on the north-west of lieland, where it seems to be a denizen along with Papaver nudicaule ; for, in the immediate neighbourhood of the station for that plant, namely, Archilhead, Professor Gieseore took the specimen,” figured in the Flora Londinensis, " in a fresh state, from the hat of a fisherman. The fact of the plant growing amongst the wild islands of that coast cannot be doubted. In the more northern regions, too, of Europe and America, these two plants are almost always found together.” Sir VV. J. Hooker, in FI. Lond. Shrub. — Flowers from April to July. Root branched, woody, running widely and deeply into the ground. Stems shrubby, somewhat decumbent, slender, from 1 to 3 feet high, branched, smooth, the younger branches only being covered with a close, rust-coloured down. Leaves principally in the younger branches, scattered, horizontal or reflexed, on short petioles, strap-shaped, quite entire, with revolute margins ; chan- nelled, smooth, and of a dark green on the upper surface ; paler on the under, the mid-rib clothed with close, rust-coloured down ; the younger leaves upright, very downy. Flowers terminal, corym- bose, numerous, on long, simple, upright, or somewhat spreading, pubescent pedicels, with egg-shaped, membranous, brown bracteas at their base, which are at first pubescent, soon clothed with reddish down, and at length nearly smooth. Calyx (see fig. 5.) small, permanent, 5-cleft, the segments egg-shaped, spreading, externally downy. Corolla (fig. 2.) white, of 5 egg-shaped, spreading, rather concave, nerved petals. Stamens (see fig. 2.) 10 ; filaments long, decumbent at the base, afterwards upright, pale purple, longer than the corolla ; anthers (figs. 3 & 4.) oblong, roundish at the base, bluntly emarginate at t’ ' ’’ e opening with a pore on stigma small. Capsule (figs. 5, 6, & 7.) oval, drooping, of 5 cells, and 5 valves. Seeds (fig. 10.) very minute, oblong, covered with a pellucid membrane or arillus. See FI. Lond. This is a small, pretty, evergreen shrub, with leaves resembling those of Rosmary. It is a native of Canada, in swamps, and round the mountain lakes of New York; in Kotzebue’s Sound, &c. ; also of the north of Europe, as of Denmark, Silesia, & c. Its claim to a place in this work is very slight, as it rests on the authority of only a single specimen having been detected in Ireland, as recorded above, for I have never heard of its having been found in a wild state in any part of Great Britain or Ireland since. It is omitted in the 4th and 5th editions of ” The British Flora” by Sir W. J. Hooker, but, as it had previously been described and figured by that eminent Botanist, in the new series of the •• Flora Londinensis,” and afterwards admitted into the 7th edition of Dr. Withering’s “ Arrangement of British Plants and also into the 1st and 2nd editions of Dr. Lindley’s “ Synopsis of the British Flora ;” as well as into the 1st edition of Sir W. J. Hooker’s “ British Flora ;” I have ventured to intro- duce a figure and description of it here, in hope that some future Botanist may be fortunate enough to meet with it again, either in the station recorded for it above, or in some other locality in that part of the coast of Ireland. The leaves of this plant are used as a substitute for lea bv the Canadians in their hunting excursions ; and by the Norwegians it is called Finne-thi , or tea of the Laplanders. It is sometimes substituted lor hops; or placed among corn to drive away mice, and to destroy vermin on sheep and oxen. each side. Gcrmen thread-shaped, smooth ; * *09 /V /f fV3arfor3e>&ZTrce Gariten.0x/ff*il26CJ J>ufseZM Wa£*rs~c V (509.) ARTIIROLO BIUM* *. Linnean Class and Order. Diadf.'lpiiia f, Deca'ndria. Natural Order. Legumino's-E+, Juss. Gen. PI. p.345. — Snv Gram, of Bot. p. 174. — Lindl. Syn. p. 75. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 87. — Rich by Macgilliv. p. 532. — Sm. Engl. Fi. v. iii. p. 259. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 509. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p. 91. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th edit.) p. 404. — Mack. Fl.Hib. p. 73. — Legumina'ce.-e, Loud. Arb. Brit. p. 561. — Papiliona'- ce.e§, Linn. — Rosales; sect. Cicerinaj ; subsect. Lotianje ; type, Lotace.e ; subtype, Hedysarid.e ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 614, 638, 642, & 657. Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) without bracteas, inferior, tubular, permanent ; the margin in 5, nearly equal, teeth. Corolla (see fig. 2.) papilionaceous, of 5 petals; standard inversely egg-shaped, ascending ; wings rather smaller, oblong, curved upwards ; keel very small, compressed, of 2 converging petals, with slender dis- tinct claws. Filaments (see fig. 3.) 10, 9 in one compressed tube, slit along the upper edge; the tenth hair-like, distinct; all curved upward at the extremity. Anthers very small, roundish. Germen strap-shaped, compressed. Style slender, ascending. Stigma capi- tate, naked. Legume (fig. 4.) cylindrical, more or less curved, constantly composed of numerous 1 -seeded, indehiscent, cylindrical joints, which are truncate at both ends (see fig. 5). Seeds (figs. 6 and 7.) very small, kidney-shaped. Flowers yellow, capitate, with- out a bractea. Distinguished from other genera, with a smooth stigma, in the same class and order, by the very small heel ; and the cylindrical, curved legume, of numerous close single-seeded, indehiscent joints, which are truncate at each end. Differs from Ornithopus (t. 358.) in the flowers being destitute of bracteas ; and in the legume being cylindrical, and the joints nearly obsolete. One species British. ARTHROLO'BIUM EBRACTEA'TUM. Bractless Joint-vetch. Smooth Bird’s-foot. Sand Joint-vetch. Spec. Char. Stem filiform. Stipulas very minute. Leaves all pinnate ; with many pairs of equal elliptic-oblong leaflets, the lower ones remote from the stem. Peduncles about equal in length to the leaves, from 1- to 4-flowered. Arthrolobium ebracteatum, Engl. Bot. Suppl. t.2844. (fide Hooker}.— Bab. Prim. Fi. Sam. p. 29. — Hook. Brit. Ft. 4tli ed. p. 273. ; 5th cd. p. 86. — Loud. First Add. Suppl. to Encycl. of Pi. p. 1284. — Astrolobium ebracteatum, De Cand. Prod. Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Calyx and Corolla. — Fig. 3. Stamens and Pistil. — Fig. 4. Legume. — Fig. 5. A single joint of the Legume. — Figs. 6 & 7. Seeds. — All, except figs. 4 & 6, a little magnified. — Figs. 4 to 7, from specimens in the Sherardian Herbarium. * From arthros, Gr. a joint ; and lobos, Gr. a pod ; from the jointed cha- racter of the seed-vessel. 4 Sec fol. 77, note t. t See fol. 495, a. § Sec fol. 117, note |. v ii. p. 311. — Don's Gen Syst. of Gavd. and Bot. v. ii. p. 276 — Ornithopus ebractedtus, Biot. FI. Lus. v. ii. p. 159. — I.oisel. FI. Gall. v. ii. p. 164. t. 13. — O. lavigutus, Sm. in Rees’ Cycl., N°. 6. — O. extipuldtus, Thore, Chi. Land. p. 311. — O. nudifldrus. Lag. Varied. Esp. v. ii. p. 40. — O. durus, De Cand. FI. Fr. v. iv. p. 603. N. 4039,, but not of Cavanilles. — O. pygmce'us, Vie. — Daleeli. Hist, v. i. p. 487. f. 1 • — Ornitkopodium minimum oXiyouipaTOV Moris. Hist. Oxon. v. ii. p. 125. sett. 2. t. 10. f. Ill— Ornithopodium glabrum Ji. luteo , Sherar- dian .Herbarium. Localities. — On sandy ground near Grand Havre, in the Island of Guernsey. — On the sea slope of Essex Castle Hill, and on the south coast near Chaise a l’Emauve, Alderney ; C. C. Babington, Esq. — In the Scilly Isles : Miss Young, in Hook. Brit. FI. Annual. — Flowers in July and August. Root slender, branched, fibrous, usually furnished with small tubercles. Stems several, ascending or decumbent, from 3 to 6 or 8 in- ches long, slender, simple, cylindrical, striated, leafy, smooth, some- times zigzag. Leaves alternate, all pinnated; leaflets opposite, from 3 to 5 pairs, or more, with an odd terminal one, elliptic- oblong, or somewhat inversely egg-shaped, pointed, smooth on the upper side ; the under side, as well as the petiole, clothed with a few scattered, white hairs ; the lower pair of leaflets remote from the stem. Stipulas very minute. Peduncles ( flower- stalks J about equal in length to the leaves, axillary, thread-shaped, slender, slight- ly hairy. Flowers yellow, from 1 to 3 together at the summit of the peduncle, and without any bractea. Calyx slender, tubular, 5-toothed, smooth. Corolla very small, about half as long again as the calyx. Legumes (fig. 4.) from about three quarters of an inch to an inch long, more or less curved, slender, cylindrical, so even that the joints are hardly discernible, its surface minutely reticulated, without hairs or downiness. Seeds small, one in each joint. This curious little plant, which appears to have been unknown to LinNjEUS, is a native of Portugal, Spain, the South of France, and Italy, in sandy and gravelly places. It was, I believe, first pub- lished as a native of Britain, by Sir W. J. Hooker, in 1838, in the 4th edition of his excellent “ British Flora,” on the authority of Mr. Babington and Mr. Christy, who, a short time previous to the publication of that work, had found it in a wild state in the Islands of Guernsey and Alderney. The late Sir J. E. Smith, in his account of this plant in Rees’ Cyclopaedia, says it was “ gathered by the Abbe Durand at Gibraltar;” and that he had “ received it from Jaquin’s Herbarium for Ornithopus perpusillus, with which many Botanists seemed to have confounded it ; yet,” continues Sir James, “ the plants are totally distinct.” That this is the case, will be really seen by comparing the above description with that of Ornithopus perpusillus, at folio 358, of this work. The drawing for the accompanying plate was made from a specimen gathered by Mr. Christy, in Guernsey, in 1837, and kindly lent to me from the Herbarium of the Botanical Society of London. (510.) ADDITIONS and CORRECTIONS. Descriptions of the following Natural Orders were omitted in their proper places. Verbena'ce.e, see folio 26. This order is composed of dicotyledonous trees or shrubs , or herbaceous plants, with generally opposite, simple or compound leaves, without stipula;. Their flowers are either in opposite corymbs, or spiked alternately ; sometimes in dense heads ; very seldom axillary and solitary. The calyx is tubular, and permanent. The corolla monopetalous ; with an elongated tube ; ami an irre- gular 4- or 5-lobed limb. The stamens are usually 4, and didynamous, some- times only 2. The ovary is 2- or 4-celled, and 2- or 4-seeded, with a single style, terminated bv an entire or bifid stigma. The fruit is a berry or drupe, containing a nut with 2 or 4 cells, which ate often 1-seeded. The seeds are upright, with a straight embryo, and very little or no albumen. — Verbena, t. 26, is the only Biitish genus in the order. Arai.iacfje, Juss.~ Loud. I fort. Brit. p. 519. — Hook. 13 1 it. FI. (4lh ed ) p. 40B. — J.indl. Syn. (2nd ed.) p. 321. The plants of this order are nearly allied to the Umbellifercc. They are either Trees, Shrubs, or Herbs. Their calyx is adherent to the ovary, and is entire or cleft. Their petals are 4, 5, 10, or none. The stamens are equal in number to the petals, or twice as many. The ovary is 2- or more-celled, with the same number of styles, terminated by simple stigmas. The fruit is fleshy or dry, of several 1-seeded cells. The seed is solitary and pendulous, with a minute embryo, and fleshy albumen. — Adoxa, t. 42; and Hedera, t. 32, are now te- leirtd to this order, from Saxieragee and CapiufouacejE. Aroi'de.e, Juss. — See folio 261. This order is composed of monocotyledonous. herbaceous herbs or shrubs. Their leaves are sheathing at the base, either with parallel or branching veins ; sometimes compound, often heart-shaped. Their flowers are unisexual, ami arranged upon a spadix (see t. 261. f. l.rf), which is usually enclosed in a spatha, as in Arum, t. 261, or frequently naked, as in Acorus, t. 330. The perianthium is either wanting, or consisting of 4 or 6 pieces. In the sterile flowers the stamens are definite or indefinite, hypogynous, and very short ; wiih 1- 2- or many-celled, egg-shaped anthers, winch are turned outwards. In the fertile flowers the ovary is superior, 1 -celled, very seldom 3 celled, and many- seeded ; the ovules upright, or pendulous, or parietal ; and the stigmas sessile, as many as the cells. The fruit is succulent or dry, not opening. The seeds are either solitary or several ; the embryo is in the axis of a fleshy albumen, with a cleft on one side, in which the plumula lies; and the radicle is ohtuse, and usually next the hilum, but occasionally it is at the opposite extremity. (See Lind. Syn.) — The Biitish genera in this order are A hum, t. 261 ; and Acorus, t. 330. Vaccinil'.e, Dec. — See folio 383. These are dicotyledonous shrubs, with alternate coriaceous leaves; chiefly inhabiting mountainous situations or high northern latitudes. Their calyx is superior, with from 4 to 6 more or less distinct lobes. Their corolla is mono- petalous, and lobed as often as the calyx. The stamens are distinct, double the number of (be lobes of the corolla, and inserted into an epigynous disk. The anthers are 2-celled, opening by 2 pores, and often furnished wiih 2 horns. The ovary is inferior, 4- or 5-celled, and 1- or many-seeded. The fruit is a succu- lent berry, crowned with the permanent limb of the calyx ; and the seeds are minute, wiih a fleshy albumen. — The British genera are, Vaccinium, t, 383. ; and Oxvcoccus, t. 429. Elatinea;, Cambessedes. Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 400. — Lindl. Syn. (2nd ed.) Suppl. p.321. Small annual, dicotyledonouspZaniy, with hollow, rooting stems, and opposite, stipulated leaves. The calyx consists ol from 3 to5 sepals, which are eiiher dis- tinct or slightly united. The corolla is from 3- to 5-petaled. The stamens are hypogynous, and as many, or twice as many, as the petals. The ovary has from 3 to 5 cells, and as many styles, and capitate stigmas. The fruit is a capsule of from 3 to 5 cells, and as many valves, alternate with the dissepiments, which usually adhere to a central axis. The seeds are numerous, with little albumen, a straight embryo, and a radical turned to the hilum. — The only British genus in this order is Ela'iine, t. 487. Folio 487, line 3, after Natural 0>‘cler, add Elatinf®, Camb. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 400. — Lindl. Syn. (2nd ed.) Suppl. p. 321. Folio 487, line 4, for 43, read 48 ; and in line 7 of the same folio, erase the reference to Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 400, The following Plants, belonging to genera of which I have not given a figure* have recently been found in situations apparently wild. 1. Aly'ssum. Linn. Cl. and Ord. Tetradynamia, Silicui.osa. — Nat.Ord. Crucifer*. — Gen. Char. Calyx equal at the base. Petals emarginate. Stamens all or some of them toothed. Silicle roundish, with a convex disk and a refuse apex j funicle adhering to the base of the dissepiments. Seeds 2 in each cell, with membranous wings. Cotyledons flat, accumbent. Agy'ssum Caly'cinum, Willd. Large-calyxed MadiVort.— Spfc. Char* Stems diffuse. Leaves strap-spear-shaped, canescent. Calyx permanent. Pods oi bicular, somewhat emarginate. downy, 4 times as long as the style. — I, inn. Sp* PI. p. 908 — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. r. p.464. — Jacq. FI. Austr. t. 338. — An annual plant, a native in dry fields both in South and Middle Europe. — Flowering from June to August. T have a specimen of this plant, gathered by the Bev. Andrew Bi.oxam, in 1836, between Broad and Chamber Hills, Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire. — • In the Botany of Charnwood Forest, published in “ l he History and Antiquities of Charnwood Forest,” a very beautiful and extremely interesting work, by T. It. Potter, (1842,) it is said to be “ since extinct” there. — We are informed, in the 5th edit, of Sir W. J. Hooker’s British Flora, that it has been found since in several parts of England and Scotland. — Near Hitchin Common, Herts, 1839 : Mr. I. Brown, Mag. Nat. Hist., new series, v. iv. p. 104. 2. Coroni'lla. Linn. Cl. and Ord. Diade/lthia, Dfca'ndria. — Nat. Ord. LfgumI- nos®. — Gen. Char. Calyx bell-shaped, short, 5-toothed, the two upper teeth approximate, and joined together higher up than the rest. Corolla papilliona- ceous; claws of the petals usually longer than the calyx. Keel acute. Stamens diadelphous. Legume nearly cylindrical, slender, at length separating into oblong, 1 -seeded joints. Seeds egg-shaped or cylindrical. Coroni'i.la Va'ria Various-flowered Coronilla. Spec. Char. Plant herbaceoas, diffuse, flexuose, smooth. Stipulas distinct, spear-shaped. Leaves pinnated ; leaflets from 9 to 13, oblong, elliptic, mucro- nate; the lower ones approximating the stem. Umbels 16- to 20-flowered. Legumes angular, very long, straight. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1048. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. n. p.1153. — Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 258. — A perennial plant, native of Europe andTauria, in fields and meadows. — Flowering from June to November. — This plant lias been found, apparently wild, in Devon, at Burv-head, by Dr. Brush in n; and at Linton, by the Kev. Mr. Levett. See Mag. Nat. Hist. v. ix. p. 603; and Hook. Brit. FI. 5th ed. p.84. 3. Eciiinospe'rmum. Linn. Cl. and Ord. Penta'ndria, Monogy'nia — Nat. Ord. Borage- nt.y, — Gen. Char. Calyx inferior, 5-parted. Corolla monopetalous, salver- shaped, or funnel-shaped; throat furnished with short scales; limb 5-parted, obtuse, spreading. Nuts 4, distinct, 1-celled, triangular, compressed, echinated, fixed to the central column, not perforated at the base. Eciiinospe^rmum La'ppui.a. Burdock Echinospermum. — Spfc. Char. Stem branched at top. Leaves spear-shaped, beset with incumbent bristle-like hairs, swelled at their base, ciliated. Calyx at length spreading, exceeding the pedi- cels. Corolla small, exceeding the calyx, with an erectly spreading limb. Nuts furnished with a double row of hooked prickles along the margins, having the disk and sides tubercled.— Lehm. Asper. p. 121.— Myosotis Lappula, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 189. 1 received a specimen of this plant from the Rev. Mr. Hoi.mes, of ITarleston, Norfolk, gathered by him near Southwold, Suffolk, in August, 1839. — See Corrections & Additions at the end of volume V. ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO VOL. VI. PLATE Acinos vulgaris, Pers. . 479 Actinocarpus Damasonium, Br. 437 Agrostis alba, L. . . 492 Aira caryophyllea, L. . . 426 Alisma Damasonium, L. . 437 A maranllius Blitum, L. . . 432 Ammophila arundinacea, Host. 408 Angelica sylvestris, L. . 491 Antliericum setotinum, L. . 464 Arbutus Unedo, L. . . 497 Arbutus Uva-Ursi, L. . . 502 Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi, L. . 502 A rrhenatherum avenaceum, Beau. 480 Arthrolobium ebracteatum, Des. 509 Arundo arenaria, Sm. . . 408 Arundo Epigejos, L. . . 412 Asparagus officinalis, L. . . 403 Asperugo procumbens, L, . 466 Astragalus campestris, L. . 495 Astragalus hypoglottis, L. . 453 Azalea procumbens, L. . . 463 Barbarea vulgaris, Br. . 450 Bidens tripartita, L. . . 446 Boikliausia fcetida, D.C. . 467 Bracbypodium pinnuium, Beau. 448 Brassica Rapa, L . . . 458 Bromus pinnatus, L. . . 448 Bunium Hexuosum, With. . 435 Calamagrostis Epigejos, Roth. 412 Calaininiha Nepeta, Pursh. . 486 Camelina sativa, Crantz. . 447 Carex recurva, Huds. . . 440 Carduus lanceolatus, L. . 410 Carlina vulgaris, L. . . 405 Castanea vesca, Gcert. . 485 Caucalis daucoides, L. . . 459 Cli®rophyllum lemulentum./Zirdi'. 483 Cicliorium Intybus, L. . 417 Cladium Mariscus, Br. . . 500 Cnicus lanceolatus, Hoffm. . 410 Corallorrliiza innata, Br. . . 422 Coriandrum sativum, L. . 504 Cotoneaster vulgaris, Lindl. . 402 Crepis fcetida, L. . . 467 Cucubalus baccifer, Gcert. . 507 Cyclamen liederaefolium, Willd. 505 Cynoglossum officinale, L. . 477 Cyperus loogus, L. . . . 452 Diotis maiitima, Cass. . 499 Dipsacus sylvestris, L. . . 490 Ecbinophora spinosa, L. . 478 Elatine hexandra, DC. . . 487 Eleocharis palustris, Br. . 436 Elymus Europaeus, L. . , 496 Elyna caiicina, M. & K. .. 484 Empetrum nigrum. L. . . 469 Erica Dabcecii, L. . . 449 Erica Tetralix, L. 418 Eriocaulon septangulare, With. 465 Eriophorum vaginatum, L. . 427 Erysimum Barbarea, L. . 450 Eedia carinata, Stev. . . 432 Filago maritima, L. . . 499 Gastiidium lendigerum, Lindl. 444 Gymnadenia conopsea, Br. . 409 Helosciadium nudiflorum, Koch. 415 Hesperis matronalis, L. . 425 llippophsc rliamnoides, L. . 426 plate Holcus avenaceus, Sm. . 480 Hottonia palustris, L. . . 421 Ilydrocharis Morsus- Ran®, L. 441 Hypochoeris radicata, L. . 405 lberis nudicaulis, L. . . 423 lllecebrum vertieillatum, L. . 471 Inula crithmoides, L. . . 494 lsnardia palustris, L. . . 442 .( vi r.ipei us communis, L. . . 431 I.edum palustre, L. . . 508 l.emna minor, L. 424 Ligusticum Cornubiense, L. 475 l.igusticum Scoticum, L. . 472 Lilium Martagon, L. . . 501 Limbarda tricuspis, Cass. . 494 Liparis Loeselii, Rich. . . 414 Matthiola incana, Br. . . 445 Melampyrum arvense, L. • . 457 Menziesia polifolia, fuss. . 449 Mespilus Cotoneaster, L. . 402 Mespilus Germanica, L. . 493 Milium lendigerum, L. . . 444 Aloenchia erecta, Sm. . . 460 Myrica Gale, L. . . . 489 Ophrys lorallorrhiza, L. . 422 Ophrys Loeselii, Sw. . . 414 Orchis conopsea, L. . . 409 Orobus tuberosus, L. . . 433 Oxycoccus palustris, Pers. . 429 Oxytropis campestris, DC. . 495 Panicum Crus-galli, L. . 462 Peucedanum officinale, L. . 419 Pbysospeimum Coruubiense, D C. 475 Pimpinella Saxifraga, L. . 411 Populus nigra, L. 506 Poterium sanguisorba, . . 438 Rottbollia incurvata, L. . . 476 Rumex obtusifolius, L. . 454 Ruppia maritima, L. . . 451 Ruscus aculeatus, L. . . 474 Salix purpurea, L. 434 Saussurea alpina, D C. . 473 Scheuchzeria palustris, L. . . 503 Schcenus Mariscus, L. . 500 Scirpus palustris, L. . . 436 Scleranthus annuus, L. . 439 Sempervivum tectorum, L . . 401 Serratula alpina, L. . . 473 Seseli l.ibanotis, Koch. . . 455 Sibbaldia procumbens, L. . 470 Silaus pratensis, Besser. . . 404 Sison Amomum, L. . . 407 Sium nodi florum, L. . . 415 Stratiotes aloides, L. . . 413 Subularia aquatica, L. . . 428 Swertia perennis, L. . . 498 Tamanx Gallica, L. . . 481 Teesdalia nudicaulis, Br. . 423 Thymus Acinos, L. . . 479 Thymus Nepeta, Sm. . . 486 Tordyiium Maximum, L. . 443 'i’rinia glaberrima, Hoffm. . 468 Troidia decumbens, Gray . 488 Turritis glabra, L. . . 430 Vaccinium Oxycoccus, L, . 429 Vella annua, L. 420 Xantbium strumarium, L, . 461 Zoslera marina, L. . . 456 SYSTEMATICAL INDEX TO VOL. VI. Diavdria. 2 stamens. Clodium Mariscus . . 500 Triandria. 3 stamens. Fedia carinata . . 432 Cyperus longus . . . 452 Eleocharis palustris . 436 Eriophorum vaginatum . . 427 Ammophila arundinacea . 408 Gastridium lendigerum . . 444 Calamagrostis Epigejos . 412 Agrostis alba . . . 492 Aira caryophyllea . . 416 Arrhenatherum avenaceum . 480 Panicum Crus-galli ' 462 Triodia decumbens . . 488 Elyraus Europaaus . . 496 Brachypodium pinnatum . 448 Rottbollia incurvala . 476 Tetrandria. 4 stamens. Dipsacus sylvestris . . 490 Isnardia palustris . . 442 Ruppia maritima . . 451 lUoenchia erecta . . 360 Pentandria. 5 stamens. Asperugo procumbens . 466 Cynoglossum officinale . . 477 Cyclamen hederaefolium . 505 Hottonia palustris . . 421 Azalea procumbens . 463 Illecebrum verlicillatum . 471 Swertia perennis . . 498 Physospermum Cornubiense . 475 Trinia glaberrima . . 468 Helosciadium nodifiorum . 415 Sison Amomum . . 407 Bunium flexuosum . . 435 Pimpinella Saxifraga . 411 Seseli Libanotis . . . 455 I.igusticum Scoticum . 472 Silaus pratensis • . 404 Angelica sylvestris . . 491 Peucedanum officinale . . 419 Tordylium maximum . 443 Caucalis daucoides . . 459 Echinophora spinosa . 478 Chaeropliyllum temulentum . 483 Coriandrum sativum . 504 Tamarix Gallica . . 481 Sibbaldia procumbens . 470 Hexandria. 6 stamens. Anthericum serotinum . 464 Asparagus officinalis . . 403 Lilium Martagon . . 501 P.utnex obtusifolius . . 454 Scheuchzeiia palustris . 503 Actinocarpus Damasonium . 437 Octandria. 8 stamens. Menziesia polifolia . . 449 Erica Tetralix . . 418 Oxycoccus palustris . . 429 Elatine hexandra . . 487 Decandria. 10 stamens. Ledum palustre . . 508 Arbutus Unedo . . 497 Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi . 502 Scleranthus annuus . . 439 Cucubalus baccifer . . 507 Bodecandria. 12 to 19 stamens. Sempervivum tectorum . 401 Icosandria. 20 or more stamens placed on the calyx Mespilus Geimanica . 493 Cotoneaster vulgaris . . 402 Polvandria. 20 or more stamens placed on the receptacle. Stratiotes aloides . . 413 Didynamia. 4 stamens ; two longer than the other two. Aeinos vulgaris . . 479 Calaminiha Nepeta . . 486 Melampyrum arvense . 457 Tetradynamia. 6 stamens, 4 long, and 2 short. Vella annua . . 420 Teesdalia nudicaulis . . 423 Subularia aquatica . . 42S Camelina sativa . . 447 Turritis glabra . . 430 Barbarea vulgaris . . 450 Matthiola incana . . 445 Hesperis matronalis . . 425 Brassica Hapa . . 458 Dia Delphi a. Filaments united in two sets. Orobus tuberosus . . 433 Astragalus hypoglottis . 453 Oxytropis campestiis . . 495 Arthrolobium ebracieatum . 509 Syngp.ne.sia. Anthers united into a tube. Flowers compound. Hypocboeris radicata . . 406 Borkliausia foetida . . 467 Cieborium Intybus . . 417 Saussurea alpina . . 473 Cnicus lanceolatus . . 410 Carlina vulgaris . ; 405 Bidens tripartita . . 446 Diotis maritima . . 499 Limbarda tricuspis . . 494 Gynandria. Stamens situated upon the style or column, above the germen. Gymnadenia conopsea . 409 Liparis Loeselii . . . 414 Corallorrhiza innata . 422 Moncecia. Stam. % Pist. in separate flowers on the same plant. Zostera marina . . . 456 Lemna minor . . 424 Carex recurva . . . 440 Elyna caricina . . 484 Xanthium strumarium . . 461 Amaranthus Blitum . 482 Eriocaulon Septangulare . 465 Poterium Sanguisorba . 438 Castanea vesca . . . 485 Dkecia. St. § Pist. in separate flow- ers, and on separate plants. Salix purpurea . . 434 Empetrum nigrum . . 469 Ruscus aculeatus . . 474 Hippophae rhamnoides . . 426 MyricaGale . . 489 Populus nigra . . . 506 Hydrocharis Morsus Ranac . 44 1 Juniperus communis . . 43 x ENGLISH INDEX TO VOL. VI PLATE PLATE Alpine Saw-wort . . 473 Marsh Felwort . . 498 Annual Cresset . . 420 Marsh Isnardia . 442 Annual Knawel 439 Marsh Ledum . 508 Aromatic Orchis . 409 Marsh Scheuchzeria 503 Asparagus 403 Marsh Spike-rush . . 436 Awned Nit-grass . . 444 Martagon Lily . 501 Basil Balm 479 Medlar, Common . 493 Bastard Agrimony . 446 Medlar, Dwarf Quince-leaved 402 Bear-benies S02 Milk Vetch . 453 Berry-bearing Campion . 607 Moor Berries . . 429 Bitter-Vetch . . 433 Mountain Milk-vetch 495 Black Crow-berry . 469 Mountain Spider-wort . 464 Black Poplar 506 Mountain Stone-parsley 455 Bulbous Twayblade • 414 Oat-like Soft-grass 480 Burdock Clotweed . 461 Parsley Piert . 439 Burnet Saxifrage . . 411 Pinnated False Brome-grass 448 Bur-parsley 459 Poverty -weed 457 Butcher’s Broom . 474 Prickly Samphire . . 478 Candleberry Myrtle 489 Prickly Twig-rush 5u0 Carex-like Elyna . 484 Procumbent Mudwort . 466 Carline Thistle 405 Recurved Carex 440 Cat-mint Balm . . 486 Bed Shanks 454 Cat’s Ear . 406 Salad Burnet 438 Cat’s Tongue, Long-rooted . 406 Scotch Cinquefoil . 470 Chiccory 417 Scotch Lovage 472 Clove Hair-grass . 416 Sea Buckthorn 426 Cock’s-foot Panick-grass . 462 Sea Cudweed 499 Coral-rooted Twayblade . 422 Sea Fennel . . . 451 Coriander 504 Sea Grass- wrack 456 Cornish Lovage . . 475 Sea Mat-weed 408 Cotton-grass, Sheathed 427 Sea-side Cotton-weed 499 Cowberries . 429 Sengreen, Great 401 Cow-wheat 457 Shepherd’s Cress 423 Crake-berry . 469 Six-stamened Water-wort . 487 Creeping Keed-grass 412 Smooth Bird’s-foot 509 Cross-leaved Heath . 418 Smooth Honewort . 468 Cyclamen, Ivy-leaved 505 Snake-tail 476 Dames’ Violet . 425 Sow -bread . 505 Decumbent Heath-grass 488 Spanish Chestnut . 485 Dock, Common - 454 Spear Plume-thistle 410 Dog’s-tongue 477 Star-headed Water-Plantain 437 Duck-meat . 424 Stinking Hawk's-beard 467 Earth-nut . . . 435 Strawberry-tree . 497 Field Calamint . 486 Sulphur-wort, Meadow 404 French Tamarisk 481 Sweet Gale 489 Fresh-water Soldier - 413 Tongue-under- tongue 453 Frog-bit 441 Tower-mustard, Smooth . 430 Galingale, English . 452 Trailing Rose-bay . 463 Golden Samphire . 494 Tuberous-rooted Orobus 433 Gold of Pleasure . 447 Turnip 458 Great Goose-grass . 466 Upright Pearlwort . 460 Ground-nut . . - 435 Water Awl-wort 428 Hart-wort, Great 443 Water Gilly-flower 421 Heath Cress . 423 Water Hemp 446 Heath Pea . 433 Water Skerret 415 Heath Sedge . 440 W ater Violet 421 Hedge Honewort 407 White Bent-grass 492 Hoary Stock . . . 445 Whorled Knot-grass 471 Hog’s Fennel 419 Wild Angelica . 491 Hound’s-tongue . 477 Wild Blite . 482 Houseleek, Common 401 Wild Chervil 483 Irish Heath . . . 449 Wild Succory 4)7 Jointed Pipewort 465 Wild Teasel 490 Jointed-Vetch, Bractless . 509 Willow, Purple 434 Juniper, Common . 431 Wood Lyme-grass 496 Knee Holly . . . 474 Wood -reed 412 Lambs’ Lettuce 432 Yellow Bent 444 Marsh Cranberry . 429 Yellow Rocket 450 Cryptogamous Plants noticed. Natural Orders described. FOLIO vEcidium laceratum, Sow. . 463 a rubellum, Pers. . 454 a Erineum Populinum, Grev. . 506 a Erysiphe adunca, Schl. . 506 a sp. . . . 491 a Hysterium Juniperi, Grev.' . 431 a melaltucum, Fr. . 429 a PodisomaJunipericommunis.FV .431 a Sphaeria cenlhocarpa, Fr. . 506 a — Doliolum, Pers. . 491 a Patella, Tode. . 491 a Uredo Candida, Pers. . . 450 a populi, Part.] . . 406 a Xyloma populinum, Pers. . 406 a FOLIO Amaranth&ce® # 482 a Araliace® , , 510 Aroide® 510 Conifer® 435 a Cupulifer® 481 a Cyperace® . 436 a El®agne® 426 a Elatine® , . 510 Empetre® 469 a Erice® . 449 a Gramine® 488 a Hydrocharide® . 441 a Leguminds® . 495 a Myiice* • 489 a Onagi&ri® 442 a Orchide® 409 a Pistiace® 424 a Pomace® 402 a Restiace® 465 a Salicine® 434 a Seleranthace® 439 a Smilace® 474 a Tamariscine® . 481 a Vaccinie® . . 510 Valeriane® 432 a Verbeuace® * 510 N. B. When a follows the number of the folio, it indicates a reference to the second page of that leaf; CORRECTIONS and ADDITIONS. Folio 404, line 9 from bottom, for Lightf. read Leight. Folio 404 a, line 5, for Legustium, read Ligusticum. Folio 440, lines 10 and 1 1 , for Sclirel, read Sclireb. ; and in line 11, for Jf: mos, read limosa. Folio 444 a, line 20, for Groombridge, and other places about Hastings, read Groombridge ; and about Hastings. Folio 448, line 8 from bottom, for Shropsh. read Yorksh. Folio 449, line 8 from the bottom, for Dabeocii, read Daboecii. Folio 452, hue 27, for Ror, read Rar. Folio 454 a, line 3 from the bottom, for ascetosa, read acetosa. Folio 460 a, line 2, for Lindl., read Linn. Folio 473, line 31, for Sow-wort, read Saw-wort. Folio 482 a, line 22, for candatus, read caudatus. Folio 497 a, line 15 from the bottom, in some copies, for then, read thou. LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO, THE TITLES OF 'WHICH ARE ABRIDGED IN THE TEXT. A. Abb. FI. Bed/. — Flora Bedfordiensis ; comprehendin'* such plants as grow wild in the county of Bedford. By- Charles Abbot, M. A. F.L.S. Bed- ford. 1798. 1 vol. 8vo. Ait. Hort. Kew. — Hortus Kewensis; or, a Catalogue of the Plants culti- vated in the Koyal Botanic Garden at Kew. By William Ailon, Gar- dener to His Majesty. 3 vols. 8vo. London. 1789. — A second edition l>y William Townsend Aiton, 5 vols. 8vo. London. 1810 — 1813. Alfiin. Exot. — A Ipir.us (Prosper) De I’lantis Exoticis, libri duo. 1 vol. 4to. Venice, 1656. Amoen. Acad. — Caroli Linnaei Amoe- ni tales Academic®, sue dissertationes vari® Physic®, Medic®, Botanic®, etc. 10 vol. 8vo. Lugduni Batavo- rum ; llolmi®: & Erlang®; 1749 — 1787. Atm. du Mas. — Annales du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle. 20 vols. 4to. 1802—1813 Annals of Botany. — Annals of Botany. byCharles Konig, F. L. S., and John Sims, M. 1). F. L. S. 2 vols. 8vo. London. 1805 — 1806. B. Bab. PI. Bath. — Flora Bathoniensis; or, A Catalogue of the Plants indi- genous to the vicinity of Bath. By Charles C. Babington. M.A. F. L.S. &c. 12mo. Bath. 1834. Bab. FI. Bath. Suppl. — Supplement to the Flora Bathoniensis. ByCharles C. Babington, M.A. F.L.S. F.G.S. &c. Bath 1839. Bab. Prim. Fl.Sarn. — Priiniti® Flor® Sarnie® ; or. an Outline of the Flora of the Channel Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, and Serk, five By Charles C. Babington, M. A. F.L.S. F. G.S., &c. 1vol. 12mo. London. 1839. Baines' FI. Yorksh. — The Flora of Yorkshire. By Henry Baines, 1 vol. 8vo. London. 1840. Bank. Hist — Historia Plantarum Uni- versalis. John Bauhin. 3 vols. fol. Ebrodum. 1650 — 1651. Bauh. Pin. — Pinax Theatri Botanici, sive Index in Theophrasti, Dioscori- dis, Plinii, &c. By Caspar Bauhin. 1 vol. 4lo. Basil. 1671. Bauh- Prod. — Prodromus Theatri Bo- tanici. By Casper Bauhin. 1 vol. 4to. Frankfort, 1620. 2nd ed. Basil, 1671. Baxt. Lib. cf Agricul. and Hort. /Cnoicf. — 1 he Library of Agricul- tural and Horticultural Knowledge, &c. Printed and published by J. Baxter, Lewes, Sussex. 1 vol. 8vo. 2nd. ed. 1832. Baxt. Stir. Crypt. Oxon. — Slirpe* Cryptogam® Oxonienses ; or, Dried Specimens of Cryptogamous Plants, collected in the vicinity of Oxford. By William Baxter, A. L. S. and F. H. S. Botanical Gardener to the University. 4to. Oxford. Fasc. 1. 1825. Fasc. 2. 1828. Beauv.Agrost. — Essai d’une Nouvelle A grostographie. By Palisotde Beau- vois, A. M. F. G. 1 vol. 8vo. et 4to. Paris. 1812. Beesl. Hist, of Banb. — The Botany of the neighbourhood of Banbury, with a sketch of the Geology, compiled by Mr. Thomas Beesley. — Forms a por- tion of the History of Banbury, by Alfred Beesley. 1 vol. 8vo. Ban- bury. 1841. Benth. Lab. — Labiatarum Genera et Species, by George Bentham. 1 vol. 8vo. London. 1832 — 1834. Besl. Hort. Eyst.— Hortus Fystetten- sis; sive Plantarum, Ac. By Basil Besler. 2 vol. fol. Nuremberg. 1612 Besser. Enum. PI. Volh. — Enumera- tio Plantarum in Volhyni®, Podo- li®, etc. By W. J.J. Besser. 1vol. 8vo. Viln®. 1822. Bigel. FI. Bost. — Florula Bostonien- sts. By J. Bigelow. 1 vol. 8vo. Boston. 1814. Bivona Bernardi, Cent. — Sicularum Plantarum, Centuria prima. By A. Bivona Bernardi. 1 vol. 8vo. Pa- lermo. 1808. Black. Sp. But. — Specimen Botani- cum quo Plantarum plurium ra- tiorum Angli® indigenarum loci natales illustrantur. Authore J. Blaekstone, Pharm. Lond. 1 vol. 12mo. Londini. 1746 Bocc. Mtis. — Museo di Plante rare della Sicili®, Malt®, Corsic®, Itali®, Piedmont®, e Germani®. Auctore Paulo Boccone. 1 vol. 4to. Vene- tia. 1679. Bocc. Sic. — leones et Descriptiones rariorum Plantarum Sicili®, Melit®, Galli®, et Itali®, etc. Auct. Paulo Boccone. 1 vol. 4to. Oxon. 1674. Bot. Gall. — Botanicum Gallicum, seu synospis Plantarum in flore Gallica descriptarum, a J. J. l)uby dieesta. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris. 1828 — 1830. B. G. or Bot. Guide. — The Botanist’s Guide through England and Wales. By Dawson Turner, F. H. S. and L. S. 2 vols. 12mo. London. 1805. LIST OF BOOKS But Reg. N.S. — The Botanical Re- gister; consisting of coloured figures of Exotic Plants, cultivated in Bri- tish Gardens ; with their history and mode of treatment. New Series. By Dr. Lindley. Continued Monthly. Brot. FI. Lus. — Flora Lusitanica. By F. A. Broter. 2 vois. 8vo. Lisbon. 1804. Brown. Prod. — Prodromus florae No- vae-Hollandiae et insul® Van-Die- men. By R. Bnowne, F. L. S. etc. London. 1810. Bryant’s FI. Dicetet. — Flora Diaete- tica ; or, History of Esculent Plants, both Domestic and Foreign. By Charles Bryant. 1 vol. 8vo. Lon- don. 1783. C. Cavan. Ic. — leones et Descriptiones Plantarum quae aut sponte in His- pania crescunt, aut in hortis hospi- tantur. By A. J . Cavanilles. 6 vol. fol. Madrid. 1791-1801. ('lus. Hist. — Ilariorum Plantarum llistoria. By C. Clusius. 1 vol. fol. Antwerp. 1601. Column. Ecphr.— Minus cogtiitarum stirpium, etc. Ecphrasis. By K. Columna. lvol.4to. Rome. 1616. Columna’s Stirp. Ecphr. — See ibid. Cow. FI. Faver. — A Floral Guide for East Kent, &c.; being a Record of the habitats of indigenous Plants found in the eastern division of the county of Kent, with those of Faver- sham, &c. By M. H. Cowell. 1vol. 8vo. Faversham. 1839. Cow. FI. Guide. — See Cow. FI. Faver. Crantz. Auslr. — Stirpium Austriaea- rum. By H. J. Crantz. 4 vol. 8vo. et 4to. 1762—1769. Crantz. FI. Austr. — See ibid.* Crantz. Stir. Austr. — See ibid. Curt. Bot. Mag. — The Botanical Ma- gazine; or, Flower-Garden Display- ed. By William Curtis. London. 1787. Continued, vol. 1 to 12, by \V. Curtis; 13 to 53, by J. Sims; the rest by Sir W. J. Hooker. Curt. Brit. Entomol. — British Ento- mology ; being Illustrations and De- scriptions of the genera of Insects found in Great Britain and Ireland ; containing coloured figures from na- ture of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found. By John Curtis, F. L. S. &c. &c. 16vols.8vo. London. 1823--1840. — Hie plants in this work are, like the insects, most beautifully executed, and it was my intention to have re- ferred constantly to the work, when the plant was figured, but not having a copy of my own, I could not always get access to it. Curt. FI. Land — Flora Londinensis ; or, Plates and Descriptions of such Plants as grow wild in the environs of London, 6rc. By William Curtis. London. 1777-1798. Curt. Observ. On Brit. Grasses. — Practical Observations on theBritish Grasses, especially such as are best adapted to the laying down or im- proving of meadows and pastures, &c. By W. Curtis. 5th edit, by J Lawrence. 1 vol. 8vo. London. 1812. Curt, on Grasses. — See ibid. D. Dalech. Hist. --Hkloriz generalisPIan- tarum. By Jacob Dalechamps, 2 vols. fol. Leyden. 1586 — 1587. Davies' Welsh Bot. — Welsh Botauo- logy. A systematic Catalogue of the Native Plants of the Isle of Angle- sey, in Latin, English, and Welsh, &c. By Hugh Davies, F. L. S. London. 1813. Decand. Astr. — Astragalogia : nempe astragali, biserulae et oxytropidis, necnon phacae, colutae et lessertia; Historia. By Augustin Pyramus Decandolle. 1 vol. 4to et fol. Paris. 1802. Dec. Bot. Gall. — Botanicum Galli- cum, seu synopsis Plantarum in flora Gallica descriptarum. By A. P. Decandolle & J. E. Duby. 2 vol. 8vo. Paris. 1828-1830. DC. FI. Fr. ) F’lore Franfaise, De Cand. FI. Fr. f ou descriptions succinctes deToutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France, etc. Par M. M. De Lamarck et Decandolle. 5 vols. 8vo. Paris. 1805—1815. Decand Regni Fey. — Regni Yegeta- bilis Systema Nalurale. Par A. P. Decandolle. 2 vols, 8vo. Paris. 1818—1821. Decand. Icon. PI. Rar. — leones Plan- tarum Gallia; rariorum. Par A.P. Decandolle. 1 vol. 4to. Paris. 1808. DC. Prod. ) Prodromus Sys- Dec. Prod. > tematis Natural is De Cand. Prod. 3 regni vegetabilis, sive enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierum que plantarum hue usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta. Auctore Aug. Pyramo De Candolle. 7 vols. 8vo. Paris. 1824—1838. Decand. Syst. or De Cand. Syst. Fey. See Decand. Regni Fey. Decand. et Spreng. Phil, of PI. — Elements of the Philosophy of PI ants, containing the principles ofScienlific Botany, &c. By A. P. Decandolle and K. Sprengel. Translated from the German. 1 vol. 8vo. Edinburgh. 1821. De Cand. PI. Grass.— Plantarum His- toria Succulentarum. Par A. P. Decandolle. 2 vol. 4to. et fol. Paris. 1791—1803. REFERRED TO. iii Deer. Catal. Stir* Nott. — Catalogus Stirpium, etc. ; or, A Catalogue of Plants naturally growing, ami com- monly cultivated in divers parts of England, more especially about Not- tingham. 1738. Denh. $ Clapp. Exp. Afr. — Travels in northern and central Africa, by Major Denham, Captain Clapper- ton, and Dr.Oudney, in 1822 — 1824. By D. Denham. 1 vol. 4to. London. 1826. Desfont. Fl.Atlant. — Flora Atlantica, sive Historia Plantarum, qure in Atlante, egro Tunetano et Alfceri- ensi crescunt. By 11. L. Desfon- taines. 2 vols. 4to. Paris. 1800. Dick. FI. Abred. — Flora Abredonen- sis; comprehending a list of the Flowering Plants and Ferns found in the neighbourhood of Aberdeen, &c. By George Dickie, M. A. & c. 1 vol. 12mo. Aberdeen. 1838. Dicks. Hort. Sic. — Hortus Siccus Britannicus; being a Collection of Dried British Plants, named on the authority of the Linnacan Herbarium and other original collections. By James Dickson. 18 fascic. folio. London. 1793 — 1802. Dickson’s Pract. Agritul. — Practical Agricultuie; or, A complete system of Modern Husbandry ; with the methods of Planting, &c. ByR.W. Dickson, M. D. 2 vols. 4to. Lond. 1805. Dill, in Linn. Corresp. — Dillenius in A Selection of the Correspondence of Linnarus and other Naturalists, from the original Manuscripts. By Sir J. E. Smith, M. D. F. R. S., &c. 2 vols. 8vo. London. 1821. Dill. Giss. — Catalogus Plantarum sponte circa Gissam Nascentium; cum Appendice. By J. J. Dille- nius. 1 vol. 8vo. F’rankfort. 1719. Dill. Hort. Elth. — Hortus F.lthamen- sis. By J. J. Dillenius. 2 vol. fol. London. 1732. Dill. Muse. — Historia Muscorum. By J. J. Dillenius. 3 vol. 4to. Oxon. 1741. — Also, Historia Muscorum; A general History of Land and Wa- ter, &ic. Mosses and Corals, con- taining all theknown species. About 1000 figures, on 85 plates. By J. J. Dillenius. 1 vol. 4to. Lond. 1768. Dod. Pemp . - -Sti rpium HistoriaePemp- tades sex, sive Libri xxx. By Ram- bertus Dodonaeus, or Dodcens. 1 vol. fol. Antwerp. 1583 — 1616. Don's Gen. Syst. of Gard. 3; Hot. — A general System of Gardening and Botany ; or, A General History of the Dichlamydeous Plants, com- prising complete Descriptions of the different orders, &c. By George Don, F. L. S. 4 vols. 4to. London. 1831 — 1838. Duby et DC. Bot. Gall. ) See Dec- Duby Syn. J Bot. Gall. Duham. Arb. — Traite des Arbres Fruitier's By Henri Louis Du Hamel tin Monceau. 2 vols. 4lo. Paris. 1768. E. Ehrh. Arb. —Decades Arborum, Fru- ticum, et Suffruticum Linnaai, quos in usum Dendrophilorum collegit et exsiccavit. By Frederick Elnhart. 12 decades, fol. Hannover 1789. Ehrh. Decad. Calam. — Decades Ca- lamariaium, Graminum et Tripeta- loidearum Linnaei. By F. Ehrhart. 12 decades, fol. Hannover. 1790. Ehrh. PI. Off. — Plantae Officinales, quasin usumStudiosorum Medicinoe, Chirurgiae et Pharmacentices colle- git exsiccavit. By F. Ehrhart. 60 decades, fol. Hannover. 1785, etc. Ehrh. Phy. — Phytophylacium Ehr- hartianum, continens plantas quas in locis earum natalibus collegit et exsiccavit. By F. Ehrhart. 10 de- cades.— See the contents of the above works in the author’s Beitriige zur Naturkunde, etc. 7 vol. 8vo. Han- nover. 1787—1792. Engl. Bot. — English Botany ; or, Co- loured Figures of British Plants, with their essential characters, syno- nyms, and places of growth, to which will be added occasional remaiks. By James Edward Smith, M. D. F. R. S., &c. The figures by James Sowerby, F. L. S. 36 vols. 8vo. London. 1790—1814. Engl.Bot.Suppl. — Supplement to the English Botany of Sir J. E. Smith, and Messrs. Sowerby. The descrip- tions &cc. by Sir VV. J. Hooker, LL. D., and other eminent Bota- nists. 8vo. Lond. 1831. Continued. Evelyn’sSyl. — Sylva; or, A Discourse of Forest- Frees, and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesties Domi- nions.&c. 2nded. By John Evelyn, Esq. F. R. S. 1 vol. fol. London. 1670. Evel. Sylv. by Hunt.. — See Hunt. Evel. Syl. F. FI. Dan.— Flora Danica, sive leones Plantarum sponte nascentium in regnis Danias et Norvegiae, etc. By G. C. CEder, O. F. Muller, M.Vahl, and J. W. Hornemann. 12 vols. fol. Copenhagen. 1766—1828. FI. Devon. — Flora Devoniensis ; or, A Descriptive Catalogue of Plants growing wild in the county of Devon, arranged both according to the Lin- naean and Natural Systems, Sec. By the Rev. J. P. Jones, and J. F. Kingston. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1829. Flora Domestica. — Flora Domestica; or, The Portable Flower-Garden; with directions for the treatment of IV LIST OF BOOKS plants in pots ; and illustrations from tlie works of the Poets. 1 vol. 8vo. London. 1823. Fl. Grate. — Flora Gratca; sive Plan- tarum rariorum Historia, quas in provinciis aut insulis Graeciae letrit, investigavit et depingi curavit, Jo- hannes Sibthorp, INI. D. S. S. Peg. et Linn. Lond. Socius, Bot. Prof. Regius in Academia Oxoniensi, etc. Characteres Omnium descriptione et synonyma elahoravit. Jacobus F.dw. Smith, M. 1). P. L. S , &c. ; et Johannes Lindley, Ph. D. &e. 10 vols. fol. London. 1803—1840. FI. of Went Devon and Cornwall. — West Devon and Cornwall Flora. By the Rev. J. Jacob, LL. D. 8vo. London. 1835 — 1836. — I have only seen the first 10 numbers. W. B. Fuchs. Hist. — lie Historia Stirpium Commentarii.adjectis earunden vivis plusquam quingentis imaginibus. By Leonard Fuchsius. 1 voi. fol. Basil. 1542. G. Gcert.— Joseph i Gacrtner, De fructi- bus ct seminibus Plantarum : con- tinual. a Caroli Friderici Gairtner, sub titulo, “ Supplementum Carpo- logim.” 3 vols. 4to. Leipsig. — vol. 1. 1788 ; vol. 2. 1791.; vol. 3. (or Supplementum Carpoiogiai) 1805. Gatrt. Fruct. et Sent. PI. See ibid. Gmel. FI. Baden. — Flora Badensis Alsaticaet confinium regionum. By C. C. Gmehn. 4 vols. 8vo. Cailsruh. 1806—1826. Gmel. Syst. Nat. — Caroli a Linne, Systema Naturae per regna tria na- turaj, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteri- hus, differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Cura Jo. Frid. Gtnelin. 3 vols. in 9 parts. Leipsig. 1788 — 1793. Gouan. Ilort. — Antonii Goiian, Har- ms regius Monspeliensis. Sistetis Plautus turn indigenas turn exoticas, etc. 1 vol. 8vo. Leyden. 1762. Graves’ Brit. Grasses. — A Mono- graph on the British Grasses. By George Graves, F. L.S. 8vo. Lond. 1822. Only six numbers published ? Gray's Nat. Arr.— A Natural Ar- rangement ofBritish Plants, accord- ing to their relations to each other, as pointed out by Jussieu, De Can- dolle, Brown, &c. ; including those cultivated for use; with an Intro- duction to Botany, in which the terms newly introduced are explained: il- lustrated by figures. By S. F. Gray. 2 vol. 8vo. London. 1821. Grev. Ft. Edin. — Flora Edinensis; or a Description of Plants growing near Kdinbuigh, arranged according to the l.innean System ; with a concise introduction to the Natural Orders of the class Cryptogamta, and illus- trative Plates. By Robert Kavc Greville, F. R. S., &c. 1 vol. 8vo. Fdinburg. 1824. Grev. Scot. Crypt. FI. — The Scntish Cryptogamic Flora. By R. K. Gre- ville, F. R. S., &c. 6 vols. 8vo. 1822—1828. Gulliv. Catal. PI. Banb. — A Cata- logue of Plants collected in the neighbourhood of Banbury. By Geo. Gulliver, F. It. S. F. Z. S., &c. Pamplil. post 8vo. Lond. 1841. H. Hall Hist. — Albert Von Haller, His- toria Stirpium indigenarum Helve- tia:. 3 vols. fol. Bern. 1768. Hall. Hist. Helv. — The same. Haworth' s Saxifrag. Enum. — Saxi- fragearum enumeratio. Autore A.H. Haworth, L. S. Soc., etc. Accedunt revi stones plantarumsncculentarum. 1 vol. 8vo. London. 1821. Haworth's Syn. PI. Succul. — Synop- sis Plantarum Succulentarum, etc. Autore A. H. Haworth. 1 vol. 8vo. London. 1812. Herrn. Pared. — Paradisus Batavus, continens plus centum plantas affa- bre *re incisus et descriptionibus illustratas. cui accessit Catalngus Plantarum, quas proTomis nondum ed 1 1 is. delineandas curaverat Paulus Hermannus, M. IX, etc. Opus Posthumum. 1 vol. 4to. Lugduni. 1698. Edd. W. Sherard. Hoffm. PI. Umbel. — Plantarum Um- bel liferarum Genera. By G. F'. Hoffmann. 1 vol. 8vo. Moscow. 1814. 2nd. ed. 1816. Hook. Bot- Miscell. — Botanical Mis- cellany ; containing F’iguresand De- scriptions of such Plants as recom- mend themselves by their novelty, rarity, or history, Sc. By W. J. Hooker, LL. D. F. R. A. and L.S. &c. 3 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1830 — 1833. Honk. Brit. FI. — The British F'lora ; comprising the Phaenogamous, or Flowering Plants, and the Ferns. By W. J. Hooker, LL. D„ F. R. A. and L. S., &c. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1830.; 4th ed. 1838.; 5th. ed. 1842. Hook. FI. Lond. — Curtis’s Fl. Lon- dinensis, continued by Sir W. J. Hooker, folio. Lond. 1816. and fol- lowing years. — See Curt. Fl. Lond. Hook. Fl. Scot. — Flora Scotica ; or, A description of Scottish Plants, arranged both according to the arti- ficial and natural methods. In two Parts. By VV, J. Hooker, LL. D. &c. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1821. Host. Gram. Austr. — leones et de- script loneTi mini n uni Austria corum. By N. T. Host. 4 vols. fol. Vienna. 1801-1809. Iluds. Fl. Angl. — Culielmi Hudsoni, etc. Flora Angelica; exhibens plan- REFERRED TO. las per Regnum Britannia; sponte crescenles.distributas secundum sys- tema sexuale, etc. 1st ed. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1762. 2nd ed. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1778. Hunt. Evel. Silv. — Silva; or, a Dis- course of Forest-Trees and the Pro- pagation of Timber in his Majesty’s Dominions, & c. By John Evelyn, Ksq., F. R. S. With Notes by A. Hunter, M. D. F. R. S. 1 vol. 4to. York. 1776. I. Illustr. of Nat. Hist of Worcest. — A Catalogue of the most remarkable and interesting Plants indigenous to Worcestershire, with their habitats, furnished by Edwin Lees, Esq., F. L. S. to “ illustrations of the Na- tural History of Worcestershire, &c. By Charles Hastings, M. D.” 1vol. 8vo. Lond. 1834. Illustr. of Worcestr. — The same. Irish FI. — The Irish Flora; compri- sing the Phaenogamous Plants and Ferns. 1 vol. 12mo. Dublin, 1833. Irv. Lond. FI. — The London Flora; containing a concise description of the Phaenogamous British Plants, which grow spontaneously in the vicinity of the Metropolis, with their localities, &c. By A. Irvine. 1 vol. 12rno. Lond. 1838. Jacob’s Ft. of West Devon fy Corn- wall. See FI. of West Devon and Cornwall. Jacob’s PI. of Faversh. — Plants: Fa- vershamienses. A Catalogue of the more perfect Plants growing spon- taneously about Faversham, in the county of Kent, &c. By Edward Jacob, Esq. F.S. A. 1 vol. 12mo. Lond. 1777. Jacq. FI. Austr. — Florae Austriac®, sive Plantarum seleclarum in Aus- tin® archiducatu sponte crescentium, icones, ad vivum colorat®, et de- scriptionibus, ac synonymus illus- trats. Opera et sumplibus Nicolai Josephi Jacquin. 5 vols. fob Vi- enn® Austriae. 1773 — 1778. Jacq. Fray. — Fragmenta Botanica figuris coloratis illustrata. N.J. Jac- quin. 1 vol. fob Viennae Austria:, 1800-1809. Jacq. Hort. Find. — Hortus Bolanicus Vindobonensis, seu Plantarum ra- riorum, qua; in Horto Botanico Vindobonensi, etc. curaet sumptibus N. J. Jacquin, Bot. Prof. &c. 3 vol. fob Vindobon®. 1770—1776. Jacq. Icon. Par. — Icones Plantarum ranorum.edil® a N.J. Jacquin, Bot. Prof. 3 vol. fob Vindobon®. 1781 — 1793. Johns. Ger. — The Herbal, or General History of Plants, gathered by John Gerarde, of London, very much en- larged and amended by Thomas Johnson, citizen and apothecary of London. 1 vol. folio. London. 1633 and 1636. Johnst. FI. Bemv. — A Flora of Ber- wick-upon-Tweed. By George John- ston, M.D. , &c. 2vol. 12mo. Edin- burgh. 1829—1831. .Tones, (Rev. J. P.J in Bot. Tour. — A Botanical Tour through various parts of the counties of Devon and Cornwall. 1 vol. post 8vo. Exeter. 1820. Journal of a Naturalist. — The Jour- nal of a Naturalist. 2nd ed. 1 vol. small 8vo. Lond. 1829. Juss. Gen. PI. — Antonii Laurentii De Jussieu. Genera Plantarum secun- dum ordines naturales disposita. 1 vol. 8vo. Paris. 1789. K. Knapp. Gram. Brit. — Gramina Bri- tannica ; or, Representations of the British Grasses, with descriptions. By J. L. Knapp, F. L. S. 1 vol. 4lo. Lond. 1804. Kent’s Sylvan Sketches. — Sylvan Sketches ; or, A Companion to the Park and the Shrubbery : with illus- trations from the works of the Poets. By the author of the Flora Domes- tic® 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1825. Koch. Umb. — Generum tribuumque Plantarum umbelliferarum nova de- positio. Joseph Koch. In Nov. Act. bonn. vol. 12th. L. Lay. varied. Esp. — Mariano Lagasea, Variedades naturales de las Espanos. 8vo. Madrid. 1821. Lam. and Decand. FI. Fr,— See DC. FI. Fr. Lamarck. Ency. Meth. — Jean Baptist Monet de la Marck, Encyclop6die M6thodique, Botanique. 4 vols. 4to. Paris. 1783—1796 ; the rest by Poiret. Lam. Diet. — The same. Lam. FI. Fr. — See DC. FI. Fr. Lam. Pin. — A description of the genus Pinus, illustrated with figures. By Aylmer Bourke Lambert, F. L. S., See. 2 vols. fob Lond, 1803 — 1824. Lapland Tour. — Lachesis Lapponica, or a Tour in Lapland, now first pub- lished from the original Manuscript Journal of the celebrated Linn®us; by J. E. Smith, M. D. F. R. S., &c. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1811. Leers’ FI. Herb. — Joannis Danielis Leers Flora Herbornensis exhibens Plantas circa Herbornam Nassovio- rum crescentes, etc. 1 vol. 8vo. Herb Nass. 1775. A 2nd ed. in 1789. Leiyht. FI of Shropsh.—A Flora of Shropshire. By W. A. Leighton, B.A., &c. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1841. Leyss. Reichb. Icon. Bot. Eur. — Reichenbach, (H.G. L.) Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum rariorum et VI LIST OF BOOKS minus rite cognitarum, florae F.uro- pae. 1 vol. 4to. Leipsig. 1824. Light f. FI. Scot. — Flora Scotica; or, A Systematic Arrangement, in the Linnaean method, of the native Plants of Scotland and the Hebrides. By John Liehtfoot, M. A. 2vols. 8vo. Loud. 1777. The same edition, with the life of the Author. By T. Pen- nant. Esq. Lond. 1789. Lind.Tourn.Alsat. — F. B. Von. Lin- dern, Hortus Alsaticus seu Planta in AlsatiUnobili designans. 1vol. 12mo Strasburg. 1747. Lindt. Ft. Med. — Flora Medica; A Botanical account of all the more important Plants used in medicine, in different parts of the World. By John Lindley, Ph. D. F. R.S.,&c. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1838. Lindt. In. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. — An Introduction to the Natural Sys- tem of Botany ; or, A systematic view of the Organisation, Natural Affinities, and Geographical Distri- bution of the whole Vegetable King- dom, &c. By John Lindley, F. R.S. L. S., &c. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1830. Lindt. Syn. — A Synopsis of the Bri- tish Flora; arranged according to the Natural Orders: containing Vascu- lares, or Flowering Plants. By John Lindley, F. R. S. L. S. and G. S., &c. 1 vol. 12mo. London. 1829. — A second edition of the same work, with numerous additions, corrections, and improvements. 1 vol. 12mo. Lond. 1835. Link. Enum. — Eoumeratio Plantarum horti regii botanici Beroliensis altera, Henry Fred. Link. 2 vol. 8vo. Ber- lin. 1821—1822. Link. Jahrb. — Jahibiicher der Ge- wachskundel. H. F. Link, 1 vol. 8vo. Berlin. 1820. Linn. Ft. Lapp. — C’oroli Linnaei.Doct. Med., etc. Flora Lapponica exhi- bens Plantas per Lapponiam Cres- centes, etc. lvol.8vo. Amsterdam. 1737. 2nd ed. ByJ.E. Smith. 1vol. 8vo. Lond. 1792. Linn. Ft. Suec. — Carol! Linnaei, Flora Suecica, exhibens Plantas per reg- num Sueciae crescentes, etc. 2nd ed. 1 vol. 8vo. Stockholme. 1755. Linn. Hort. Cliff. — Hortus Cliffor- tianus Plantas exhibens quas in Hortistam Vivisquam Siccis, Harte- campi in Hollandia, coluit vir no- bilissimus G. Clifford. Auctore C. Linnaeo, M. D., etc. 1 vol. folio. Amsterdam. 1737. Linn. Virid. Cliff. — Caroli Linnaei Viridarium Clifl'ortianum. 1 vol. 8vo. Amsterdam. 1737. Linn. Mant. — Car. a Linn6 Equ. Aur. Mantissa Plantarum atera, generum editionis vr. Specierum editionis n. 1 vol. 8vo. Holmiae. 1771. Linn. Spec. PI.— Caroli Linnaei, Spe- cies Plantarum, etc. 3rd ed. 2 vols. 8vo. Vindobonae. 1764. Linn. Syst. Nat. — Caroli a Linn6, Systema Naturae, per Regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum Characteribus, etc. 13th ed. 3 vols. 8vo. Vindo- bon®. 1767—1770. Linn. Syst. Veg. — Caroli a Linn6, Systema Vegetabilium, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum Characteribus et Differentiis. 13th ed. a J. A. Murray. 1 vol. 8vo. Gotting® et Goth®. 1774. Linn. Suppl. — Carolus Linnsus, fi- lius. Supplementum Plantarum. 1 vol. 8vo. Brunswick. 1781. Linn. Soc. Tr. — Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 18 vols. 4to. Lond. 1791 — 1840. Continued. Lob. Icon. — Matthias di Lobel. leones. Stirpium. 2 vols. oblong 4to. Ant- werp. 1591. Lodd. Bot. Cab. — The Botanical Ca- binet, consisting of coloured deli- neations of Plants from all countries, with a short account of each, direc- tions for management, &c. &c. By Conrad Loddiges and Sons. 20 vols. small 4to. Lond. 1817—1833. Loef. It. Hisp. — Peter Loefling, Iter Hispanicum. Published by Linn®us. 1 vol. 8vo. Stockholm. 1758. Loes. Ft. Pruss. — John Loeselius, Flora Prussica. 1 vol. 4to. Koening- berg. 1703. Loes. Pruss. — The same. Loisel. Ft. Gall. — J. L. A. Loiseleur Des Lonchamps. Flora Gallica. 2 vols. 12mo. Paris. 1806 — 1807. 2nd ed. 1828. Lois. Not. — J. L. A. Loiseleur Des Lonchamps. Notice sur les plantes a ajouter a la flore de France. 1 vol. 8vo. Paris. 1810. Loud. Arb. Brit. — Arboretum et Fru- ticetum Britannicum ; or, The Trees and Shrubs of Britain, native and foreign, hardy and half hardy, Pic- torially and Botanically delineated ; with their propagation, culture, ma- nagement, and uses in the arts, in useful and ornamental plantations, and in Landscape Gardening ; pre- ceded by a historical and geogra- phical outline of the Trees and Shrubs of temperate climates through- out the World. By J.C. Loudon, F. L. S., &c. 8 vols. 8vo. 4 vols. of letter-press, illustrated by above 2500 engravings ; and 4 vols. of 8vo. and 4to. plates. Lond. 1838. Loud. Arb. et Frutic. Brit. — The same. Loud. Encycl.of Trees # Shrubs. — An Encyclop®diaofTrees & Shrubs ; being the Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum abridged ; containing REFERRED to . vii the hardy Trees and Shrubs of Bri- tain, native and foreign, scientifically and popularly described ; with their propagation, culture, and uses in the arts ; and with engravings of nearly all the species. Abridged from the large edition in eight volumes, and adapted for the use of Nurserymen, Gardeners, and Foresters. By J. C. Loudon, F. L. S. H. S., &e. 1 vol. 8vo. London. 1842. Pages 1162. Engravings 2109 ! Loud. Encycl. of Agricul. — An En- cyclopaedia of Agriculture; compri- sing the theory and practice of the Valuation, Transfer, Laying Out, Improvement, and Management of Landed Properly and the Cultiva- tion and Economy of the Animal and Vegetable Productions of Agricul- ture, &c. By J. C. Loudon, F.L.S. II. S., &c. 1 very thick vol. 8vo. Lond. 1831. Loud. Encycl. of Gard.—kn Ency- clopaedia of Gardening; comprising the Theory and Practice of Horticul- ture, Floriculture, Arboriculture, and Landscape-Gardening, including all the latest improvements ; a general History of Gardening in all coun- tries; and a statistical view of its present state ; with suggestions for its future progress, in the British Isles. By J. C. Loudon, F. L. S., &c. Illustrated with many hundred engravings on wood, by Branston. A new edit. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1835. Loud. Encycl. of PI. — An Encyclo- paedia of Plants; comprising the Description, Specific Character, Cul- ture, History, Application in the Arts, and every other desirable par- ticular, respecting all the Plants in- digenous, cultivated in, or introduced to Britain ; comprising all the advan- tages of a Linnean and Jussieuean Species Plantarum, an Historia Plan- tarum, a Grammar of Botany, and a Dictionary of Botany and Vegeta- ble Culture, Sac. Edited by J. C. Loudon, F. L. S.,&c. The specific characters by an eminent Botanist ; the drawings by J. D. C. Sowerby ; and the engravings by It. Branston. 1 thick vol. 8vo. London. 1829. — Pages 1159. Engrav. nearly 19,000. Loud, first add. Suppl. to Encycl. of Plants. — First additional Sup- plement to Loudon’s Encyclopaedia of Plants; comprising the specific Characters, Description, Culture, History, Application in the Arts, and every other desirable particular respecting all the plants originated in, or introduced into Britain, be- tween the first publication of the woik in 1829, and January, 1840. With a new general Index to the whole work. Edited by J. C. Lou- don, F. L. S., See. Prepared by W. H. Baxter, jun. and revised by G. Don, F. L. S. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1841. Loud. Gard. Mag. — The Gardener’s Magazine, and Register of Rural and Domestic Improvement. Con- ducted by J. C. Loudon, F.L.S. &c. 18 vol. 8vo. 1826—1842. Continued in Monthly Numbers. Loud. Hort. Brit. — Loudon’s Hortus Britannicus. A Catalogue of all the Plants indigenous, cultivated in, or introduced to Britain. Part I. The Linnean Arrangement, in which nearly 30,000 species are enume- rated ; with the systematic name and authority, accentuation, derivation of Generic names, literal English of Specific names, synonymes system- atic and English of both genera and species. Habit, Habitation in the Garden, indigenous habitation, po- pular character, height, time of flowering, colour of the flower, mode of propagation, soil, native country, year of introduction, and reference to figures; preceded by an intro- duction to the Linnean system. — Part II. The Jussieuean Arrange- ment, of nearly 4000 genera, with an introduction to the natural system, and a general description and history of each order. A new edition, with supplements including all the new plants down to March, 1839; and with a new general Index to the whole work. Edited by J. C. Lou- don. F.L., H., G., and Z. S. Lond. 1839. Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist. — The Maga- zine of Natural History, and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology, and Meteoralogy. Con- ducted by J. C. Loudon, F.L.S., G. S., &c. 9 vols. 8vo. London. 1829—1836. A new series of the same work conducted by C. Charles- worth, F. G. S. 4vols. 8vo. Lond. 1837—1840. Luxf. Reig.Fl. — A Flora of the neigh- bourhood of Reigate, Surrey, con- taining the Flowering Plants and Ferns. By George Luxford, A.L.S. &c. 1 vol. post 8vo. Lond. 1838. M. Mack. Catal. PI. Irel.—A Catalogue of the Plants fouud in Ireland, with descriptions of some of the rearer sorts. By James Townsend Mac- kay, M.R.I.A., A.L.S., Sec. Parti. 1 vol. 4to. Dublin. 1825. Mack. FI. Hibern. — Flora Hibernica ; comprising the Flowering Plants, Ferns, Characeae, Musci, Hepati- cae, Ltchenes, and Alg®, of Ireland. Arranged according to the natural system, Sec. By J. T. Mackay, M. R. I.A., Sec. 1 vol. 8vo. Dublin, 1836. LIST OF BOOKS viii Macr. Man. Brit. But. — Manual of British Botany; in which the orders and genera are arranged and de- scribed according to the natural sys- tem of De Candolle; with a series of analytical Tables for the assist- ance of the student in the examina- tion of the plants indigenous to, or commonly cultivated in. Great Bri- tain. By D. C. Macreight, M. D. &c. 1 vol. post 8vo. Lond. 1837. Mart. FI. Rust. — Flora Rustica: ex- hibiting accurate figures of such plants as are either useful or injuri- ous in Husbandry. Drawn and en- graved by F. P. Nodder, and colour- ed under his inspection, with scienti- fic characters, popular descriptions, and useful observations. By T. Martyn, B.D., F.R.S., L.S., &c. 4 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1792 — 1794. Mart. Mill. Gard. Diet. — The Gar- dener’s and Botanist’s Dictionary ; containing the best and newest me- thods of cultivating and improving the Kitchen, Fruit, and Flower Gar- den, and Nursery, &c. By the late P. Miller, F. R. S. To which are now first added a complete enume- ration and description of all the plants hitherto known, &c. By T. Martyn, B. D., F. R. S., 2vo!s. in 4 Parts, fob Lond. 1807. Matth. Valgr. — P. A. Matthiolus, Commentarii in Sex Libros Pedacii Dioscoridis ; apud Valgrisium. 2 vols. folio. Venice. 1583. Maund. Bot. Gard. — The Botanic Garden ; consisting of highly finish- ed representations of hardy Orna- mental Flowering Plants, cultivated in Great Britain. By B. Maund, F. L. S. ; several volumes. Lond. 1824 — 1843. Continued Monthly. Mem. Caled. Hort. Soc. — Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society. 8vo. Edinburgh. 1810. Continued. Mem. Mus. — Memo ires du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle. 4to. Paris. 1815, and following years. Merr. Pin. — Pinax Rerum Naturalum Britannicarurn, continens Vegetabi- lia, Animalia et Fossilia, in hac in- sula repperta inchoglus. Auctore Christophoro Merrett. 1 vol. post 8vo. Lond. 1666. Mich. Gen. — Nova Plantarum Genera juxta Tournefortn Methodium dis- posita, etc. Auctore P. A. Michelio. 1 vol. 4to. Florenliae. 1729. Mill. Icon. 1 Figures of the most Miller’s Plates. ] Beautiful, Useful, and Uncommon Plants described in the Gardener’s Dictionary, exhibited on 390 copper plates, &c. By P. Miller, F. R. S., &c. 2 vols. folio. Lond. 1760. Mill. I/lust. — Illustrations of the sex- ual system of Linnaaus. By John Miller. 2 vols, folio. Lond. 1777. Miss Kent's Sylvan Sketches. — Sea Kent’s Sylvan Sketches. Mcench Meth. — Conrad Mcench. Me- thodus plantas hortietagri Marbur- gensis, a staminnm situ desciibendi. 1 vol. 8vo. Marburg, 1794. Moral of Flowers. — The Moral of Flowers, illustrated by coloured En- gravings. 2nd edit. Lond. 1835. Moris. Hist. PI. Uni. — Plantarum HistoriaeUniversalis Oxoniensis, etc. Auctore R. Morison, M. D., &c. 3 vols. fob Oxford. 1715. Moris. Hort. Bles. — Hortus regius Blesensis auctus ; cum observationi- bus generalioribus. Auctore It. Morison. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1669. Murr, North. FI. — The Northern Flora ; or, A description of the Wild Plants belonging to the North and East of Scotland ; with an account of their places of growth and proper- ties. By Alexander Murray, M. D. Part I. 8vo. Edinburgh. 1836. N. N. B. G. 1 The New Bota- Neiv Bot. Guide, j nisl’s Guide to the localities of the rarer Plants of Bri- tain, on the plan of Turner and Dillwyn’s Botanist’s Guide. By H. C. Watson. 2 vols. 12mo. Lond. 1835-1837. Vol. 1. England and Wales. Vol. 2. Scotland and adja- cent Isles. P. Paley's Nat. Theol. — Natural Theo- logy ; or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, collected from the appearances of Nature. By W. Paley, D. D. Illustrated by a series ofplatesand explanatory notes, by James Paxton, M. R. C. S., Ac. 2 vols. 8vo. 2nd ed. Oxford. 1828. A 3rd ed. in 1836. Pall. FI. Ross.— P. S. Pallas, Flora Rossica ; seu stirpium imperii Uos- sici, per Europam et Asiam indige- narum, descriptiones et icones. 2 vols. folio. Petersburg. 1784 — 1788. Pampl. PI. of Butt, and Clap. — A Catalogue of the rarer spectes of indigenous Plants, which have been observed growing in the vicinity of Battersea and Clapham, &c. By W. Pamplin, jun. Pamphl. post 8vo. Clapham. 1827. Park. Parad. — Paradisi in Sole Pa- radisus Terrestris. A Garden of all sorts of pleasant flowers which our English ayre will permitt to be noursed up, &c. Collected by John Parkinson, apothecary of London. 1 vol. fob Lond. 1629. A second impression in 1656. Park. Theatr. Bot. — Theatrum Bota- nicum. The Theater of Plants, or an universall and compleate Hcrball. Composed by John Parkinson, apo- thecary of London, &c. 1 vol. fol o. Lond. 1640. REFERRED TO. IX Penn. Voy. to the Hebrides. — Tour in Scotland and to the Hebrides, in 1769 and 1772. By T. Pennant. 3 vols. 4to. Lond. 1774—1776. Perry's PI. Varvic. Set. — Plant* Varvicenses Selectae ; or Botanist’s Guide through the County of War- wick. By W. G. Perry. 1 vol. 12mo. Warwick. 1820. Pers. Syn. PI —Synopsis Plantarum seu Knchiridium Botanicum, etc. Curante C. H. Persoon. 2 vol. 12mo. Paris. 1805—1807. Pers. Syn. — The same. Pers. Syst. Veg. — Caroli a Linu6 equi- tis Systema Vegetabilium secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus et Differentii, etc. 15th ed. ; a C. H. Persoon. 1 vol. 8vo. Gutting®. 1797. Pet. Gazoph. — Gazophylacium Natur® et Artes, etc. Decades 5. fol. Lond. 1702—1704. Pet. Herb. Brit. — Herbarii Britannici Clarissimi D. Rail Catalogus cum Iconibus. By James Petiver. folio. Loud. 1767. In the 2nd vol. of his works, 2nd ed. Pet. Brit. — The same. Pet. Th. Gen. — Genera nova Madagas- cariensis, 13 fasc. 8vo. 1810. Phil. Comp, for the Orch. — The Com- panion for the Orchard. An Historical and Botanical account of F ruits known in Great Britain. By Henry Phillips, F.H.S. new ed. 1 vol.8vo. Lond. 1831. Phil. Cult. Veg . — The Companion for the Kitchen Garden. History of cul- tivated Vegetables, etc. By Henry Phillips, F. H. S. new ed. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1831. Phil. Syl. FI. — Sylva Florifera. The Shrubbery Historically and Botaui- eally treated ; with observations on the formation of ornamental Planta- tions, and picturesque Scenery. By H. Phillips, F. H. S. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1823. Phil. Pom. Brit. — Pomarium Britan- nicum ; an Historical and Botanical account of Fruits known in Great Britain. By H. Phillips. 2nd edit. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1821, Phil. Trans. — Philosophical Transac- tions of the Royal Society of London. 4to. London. From 1665. Continued annually. PI. Faversh. See Jacob's PI. Faversk. Plot’s Nat. Hist. Oxf. — The Natural History of Oxfordshire; being an Essay towards the Natural History of England. By Robert Plot, LL.D. 2nd ed. 1 vol. fol. Oxford. 1705. Pluk.Alm. Bot. — Leonard Plukenet. Almagestum Botanicum, sive Phyt. Onosmasticon. 1 vol. 4to. Lond. 1696. Pluk.Phyt. — Leonard Plukenet. Phy- tographia, sive stirpium illustriorum, etc. 4 vol. 4to. J 'Hid. 1691. pendium tabu! arum Botanicarum ; in quo plant* 272, in Italia nuper detect®, recensenlur. Accessit ejus- dem epistola ad Gul. Sherardum, Anglum. 1 vol. 4lo. Padua. 1718. Prod. FI. Grcecce. — Flor® Gr*c® Prodromus : sive plantarum omnium enumeratio quas in provinciis aut insulisGr®ci® invenit Johannes Sib- thorp, M.D. , etc.; cum annota- tionibuselahoravit Jacobus K. Smith, M.D., etc. 2 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1806 — 1813. Prof. Hensl. in Cat. Brit. — A Cata- logue of British Plants, arranged according to the Natural System, with the synonyms of De Candolle, Smith, Lindley, and Hooker. By the Rev. J. S. Henslow, M. A. 2nd ed. 1 vol. 12mo. Cambridge. 1835. Ptirsh. FI. Amer. Sept. — Flora Ame- Ponted. Comp. — I. Pontedera, Com- ric® Septentrionalis ; or, A systema- tic Arrangement and Description of the Plants of North America. By F. Pursh. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1814. Purl. Midi. FI. — A Botanical De- scription of British Plants, in the Midland Counties. By T. Purton, Surgeon, Alcester. 2 vols. 12mo. Stratford-upon-Avon. 1817. — An Appendix to the Midland Flora; by T. Purton, F.L.S., ike. 2 vols. 12mo. Lond. 1821. R. Ray’s Cant. — Catalogus Plantarum circaCantabrigianinascentium. Auc- tore Joanne Raio. 1 vol. 8vo. Cam- bridge. 1660. Ray’s Syn. — Joannes Raii Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Britannicarum, etc. 3rd ed. 1 vol. 12rao. Lond. 1724. — This edition was edited by Dillenius, and is the one constan T ly referred to in this work, un less the contrary is expressed. Redout. Liliac. — P. J. Redoute, Les Liliac6es. 8 vols. fol. Paris. 1802 — 1816. Reichenb. Icon. Bot. — Iconographia Botanica ; seu icones plantarum ra- riorum, et minus rite cognitarum ; a H. G. L. Heichenbach. 4 vol. 4to. Leipsig. 1823 — 1826. Rehl. FI. Cant. — Richardi Relhan, A. M., etc. Flora Cantabrigiensis, exhibeus plantas agro Cantabrigiensi indigenas, secundum systema sexu- ale digestas, etc. 1 vol. 8vo. Camb. 1785. A 3rd ed. 1 vol. 8vo. Camb. 1820. Retz. Prod. FI. Scand. — A. J. Ret- zius, Flora Scandinavi® prodromus. 2nd ed. 1 vol. 8vo. Leipsig. 1795. Retz. Prod. — The same. Retz. Obs. — A. J. Retzius. Obser- vationes Botanic®. 6 fasc. fol. Leip. 1779—1781. LIST OF BOOKS Rev. G. E. Smith's PL of S. Kent. — A ( atalogue of rare or remarkable Ph®nogamous Plants, collected in Soutli Kent; with descriptive notices and observations. By Gerard Ed- wards Smith, of St.John’s College, Oxford. Pamphl. 8vo. Lond. 1829. Itheede's Hort. Mai. — H. A. Von Kheede, Hortus Malaharicus, de variis arboribus, etc. 12 vols. fol. A motel. 1686-1703. Rich, by Macgilliv. — Elements of Bo- tany and Vegetable Physiology, in- cluding the characters of the natural families of Plants, &c. By A. Ri- chard, M. P. Translated from the 4th edit. By W.Macgillivray, A.M. 1 vol. 8vo. Edinburgh. 1831. Rich. Mem. Mus. — Richard |n Me- moires due Museum d’Histoire Na- turelle. 4to. Paris, 1815, and follow- ing years. Riv. Pentap. Irr. — A. Q Rivinus. Ordo piantarum flore erregulari te- trapetalo. 1 vol. fol. Leipsig. 1699. Robs. Brit. FI. — The British Flora, containing the select names, cha- racters, places of growth, duration, and time of flowering of the plants growing wild in Great Britain, By Stephen Robson. 1 vol. 8vo. York. 1777. Roemer et Schultes Syst. Veget. — J. J. Roemer et F. A. Schultes, Systema Vegi-tabilium. 7 vols 8vo. Stutgard. 1817 — 1835. Continued. Roemer et Schultes Syst. — The same. Rose's Elem. of Bot. — The Elements of Botany; containing the History of the Science, &c. Being a trans- lation of the Philosophia Botanica, and other treatises of the celebrated Linnieus. To which is added, an Appendix, wherein are described some Plants lalely found in Norfolk and Suffolk, &c. By Hugh Rose, 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1775. Roth. FI. Germ.— Albert William Roth, Tentamen Flora; Germanic®, etc. 3 vols. 8vo. Leipsig. 1788. Rudb. Camp. Elysii. — Campi Klysii Liber primus et secundus. Opera Olai Iludbeckii Patriset Filii. 2vols. fol. Upsala. 1701. — Only 3 copies of the first volume , and 6 of the second, of this work, are said to be extant. See folio 95, 2nd page. Rudb. Elys.— The same. Salisb. Bot. Comp.— The Botanist’s Companion, or an Introduction to the Knowledge of Practical Botany and the uses of Plants, &c. By W. Salis- bury. 2 vol. 12 mo. Lond, 1816. Salisb. Jeon. Stirp. Rar. —leones Stir- piuni rariorum. By R. A. Salisbury. 1 fasc. fol. Lond. 1791. Salisb Prod. — Prodromes Stirpium in Ilorto ad Chapel Allerton vigentium ; a R. A. Salisbury, F.lR.S ’.and L. S. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1796. Sulict. Wob. — Salictum Woburnense. By Ilis Grace the Duke of Bedford. 1 vol. 4to. Lond. 1829. Scheuchz, Agrost. — Agrostographia sive Graminum, Juncoruni, Cypero- rum, etc. Historia Auctore Johanne Scheuclizero. lvol. 4to. Tiguri. 1719. Scheuchz. Prod. — Johannis Scheucli- zeri Agrostographi® Helvetic® Pro- dromus. 1 vol. fol. Tiguri, 1708. Schkuhr. Car. — Christian Schkuhr Riedgrasern (Carices). 8vo. Witten- berg. 1801. Schrad. FI. Germ. — H. A. Schrader, Flora Germanica. 1 vol. 8vo. Gottin- gen. 1806. Schreb. Besch. Graser. — J. C. D. Von Sehreber, Beschreibung der Graser nebst ihren Abbildungen nacli der Natur. 2 vol. fol. Leip. 1769—1779. Schreb. Lips. — J. C. D. Von Sehreber Spicilegium Flor® Lipsic®. 1 vol. Leipsig. 1771. Scop. FI. Cam. — J. A. Seopoli, Flora Carniolica. 1 vol. 8vo. Vienna. 1768. 2nd ed. 2 vols. 8vo. Vienna. 1772. Sibb. Scot. III. — Scotia Illustrata sive Prodromns Histori® Naturalis, etc. Auctore R. Sibbaldo, M.D. &c. 1 vol. fol. Edinburgh. 1684. Sibth. FI. Greeca. — See Flora Greeca. Sibth. FI. Oxon. — Flora Oxoniensis, exhibens Plantas in agro Oxoniensi sponte crescentes, secundum systema sexuale distributas. Auctore Joanne Sibthorp, M. D , F. R. S. , &c. 1 vol. 8vo. Oxford. 1794. Sincl. Hort. Gram. Wob. — Ilortus Gramineus Wobernensis ; or, An ac- count of the results of experiments on the produce and nutritive qualities of different Grasses and other plants, See. By G. Sinclair, F. L. S. 3rd ed. I vol. 8vo. Lond. 1826. Sm. Comp. — Compendium Flor® Bri- tannic®. Auctore J. E. Smith, M. 11. P.L. S., etc. 3rd ed. 12mo. Lond. 1818. Sm. Engl. FI. — The English Flora. By SirJ.E. Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S., &c. 4 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1824 — 1828. Sm. FI. Brit. — Flora Britannica. Auc- tore J. E. Smith, M. D. P. L. S. etc. 3 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1800 — 1804. Sm. Gram, of Bot. — A Grammar of Botany', illustrative of artificial, as well as natural, classification ; with an explanation of Jussieu’s system. By Sir J. E. Smith, M. D. F.‘ R. S., & c. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1821. 2nd edit. 1826. Sm. Ic. Piet. PL Rar. — leones Piet® Piantarum; a J. E. Smith, M.D., 6cc, 2 fasc. fol. Lond. 1790 — 1793. S n. Prod. FI. Grcec. — See Prod. FI. Grac. Spreng. Linn. Syst. Veg. — Caroli REFERRED TO. Linne SyslemaVegetabilium. 16th ed. Curante C. Sprengel. 5 vols. 8vo. Gottingen. 1825 — 1828. Spreng. Spec. Umb. — Plantarum Um- belliferarum denuo disponendarura prodromus ; a K. Sprengel. 1 vol. 8vo. Halle. 1813 Spreng. Umb. Spec. — The same. Steph. and Church. Med. Bot. — Me- dical Botany j or, Illustrations and descriptions of the Medical Plants of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Pliarmacopaeias, etc. By J. Stephin- son, M.D. F. R. S., &c., and J. M. Churchill, F. L. S., &c. 4 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1831. Stilling/. Misc. Tracts. — Miscellane- ous Tracts relating to Natural History, Husbandry, and Physick, &c. By B. Stillingfleet. 4th ed. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1791. Stokes' Bot. Mat. Med. — A Botanical Materia Medica. By J. Stokes. 4 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1812. Swartz. Gen. et Spec. Orch. — Olaus Swartz, Genera et Species Orchidea- rum. 1 vol. 8vo. 1805. Sw. Orch. — The same. Swartz, in Stockh. Trans. — Swartz in Transactions of the Royal Society of Stockholm. In Swedish. Stock- holm. 1739—1820, &c. Sylvan Sketches. 1 See Kent's Sylvan Sylv. Sket. T. Sketches. Thoms. FI. of Berw. — A Catalogue of Plants growing in the vicinity of Berwick-upon-Tweed. By J. V. Thompson, Esq. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1807. Thore Chi. Land. — Essai d’une Cliloris du d6partiment des Landes. Par John Thore. 1vol. 8vo. Dax. 1803. Thorn . Fam. Herb. — A new Family Herbal ; or Popular account of the nature and properties of the various Plants used in Medicine, diet, and the arts. By R. J. Thornton, M. D. &c. With the plants engraved on ■wood, by T. Bewick. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1810. Threl. Syn. Hibern. — Synopsis Stir- pium Hibernicarum, etc. Being a short Treatise of Native Plants, espe- cially such as grow spontaneously in the vicinity of Dublin, &c. By Caleb Threlkeld, M. D. 1 vol. 12mo. Dub- lin. 1726. Time's Telescope. — Time’s Telescope ; or, A complete Guide to the Alma- nack : containing an explanation of Saints’ Days and Holidays, Astrono- mical Occurrences, the Naturalist’s Diary, &c. Published annually from 1814 to 1833. 20 vols. 12mo. Lond. 1814—1833. Torrey S$ Gray's FI. of N. Amer. — A Flora of North America; containing abridged descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalized Plant* growing north of Mexico. Arranged according to the Natural System. By John Torrey and Asa Gray. Vol. t. and Parts 1 and 2, of vol. n. 8vo. New York. 1838—1842. Tourn. Inst. — Josephi Pitton Turne- fort Aquisextiensis, etc. Institutiones Rei Ilerbariae. 3 vols. 4to. Paris. 1700. — ibid. Corollarium Institutio- num Rei Herbariae, etc. 1 vol. 4to. Paris. 1703. Tracts on Nat. Hist. — Tracts relating to Natural History. By J. E. Smith, M.D. F. R. S., etc. 1 vol. 8vo. Lond. 1798. Trag. Hist. — Jerome Tragus, De Stir- pium Nomenclaturis, etc. 1 vol. 4to. Strasburgh. 1552. Trev. Faroe Isl. — On the Vegetation and Temperature of the Faroe Islands. By W.C. Trevalyan, Esq. Pamp. 8vo. From Edinb. New Phil. Journ., January , 1835. Tr. Linn. Soc. — The Transactions of the Linnean Society of Loudon. 1 8 vols. 4to. Lond. 1791 — 1841. Continued. V. Vaill. Bot. Par. — S. Vaillant. Botani- con Parisiense. 1 vol. fol. Leyden and Amsterdam. 1727. Vaill. Par. — The same. W. Wahlenb. FI. Lapp. — Flora Lappo- nica, in itineribus, 1800 — 1810 denuo investigata, etc.; a G. Wahlenberg. 1 vol. 8vo. Berlin. 1812. Walk. FI. of Oxf. — The Flora of Oxfordshire, and its contiguous coun- ties, (comprising the Flowering Plants only,) arranged in easy and familiar language, according to the Linnean and Natural Systems ; preceded by an introduction to Botany, with illus- trative Plates. By Richard Walker, B. D. , F. L. S. , Fellow of Magdalene College, Oxford. 1 vol. 8vo. Oxford. 1833. Wallr. Sched. Crit. — F. W. Wallroth, Schedul* critic® de Plantis Florae Halensis selectis. Corollarium novum ad C. Sprengelii Floram Halensem. vol. i. Phanerogamia. 8vo. Halle. 1822. Warn. PI. Wood f. — Plant® Wood- fordienses; a Catalogue of the more perfect plants growing spontaneously about Woodford, in the county of Essex. By R. Warner. 1 vol. 12mo. Lond. 1771. Web. Gott. — G. H. Weber, Specile- gium Flor® Gottingensis. 1 vol. 8vo. Gotha. 1778. Wei he and Nees Rub. Germ. — A. Weihe et Nees, Von Esenbeck, Rubi Germanici. 1 vol. fol. Bonn. 1822. Wild Garland. — The Wild Garland ; or Prose and Poetry connected with Eng- c LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO. xii lish Wild Flowers, &c. 1 vol. 12mo. Lond. 1827. Willd. Spec. PI. — Caroli a Linne Spe- cies Plantarum exhibentes Plantas rite cognitas ad Genera relatas euro diffe- rentiis, etc., secundum systeraa sex- uale digesta. Curante C. L. Willdenow. 5 vols. 8vo. 1797 — 1810. Winch's FI. of Northumb. % Durh. — Flora of Northumberland fc Durham. By N. J. Winch. From the Trans, of the Nat. Hist. Soc. of Northumb. Durli. and Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 1 vol. 4to. Newcastle. 1831. With. 1st ed. — A Botanical Arrange- ment of all the Vegetables naturally growing in Great Britain, &c. By W. Withering, M. D. 2 vols. 8vo. Bir- mingham. 1776. With. 2nd ed. — A Botanical Arrange- ment of British Plants ; including the uses of each species, &c. By W. Withering, M.D., F.R.S., &c. With a new set of references to figures ; by J. Stokes, M. D., &c. 2nd ed. 3 vols. 8vo. Birmingham. 1787 — 1792. With. 5th ed. — A systematic Arrange- ment of British Plants ; with an easy introduction to the study of Botany, illustrated by copper-plates. By W. Withering, M.D., F. R.S., &c. 5th ed. by W. Withering, Esq. 4 vols. 8vo. Birmingham. 1812. With. 7th ed. — An Arrangement of Bri- tish Plants, according to the latest improvements of the Linnean System. &c. By W. Withering, &c. 7th ed. by W. Withering, Esq. LL.D. F.R.S. &e. 4 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1830. Woodv. Med. Bot. — Medical Botany ; containing systematic and general de- scriptions, with plates, of all the Medicinal Plants, indigenous and ex- otic, &c. By W. Woodville, M. D. &c. 3 vols. 4to. Lond. 1790—1793. Woodv. Med. Bot. Suppl. — A Supple- ment to Medical Botany, &c. By W . Woodville, M.D , F. L. S. , &c. 1vol. 4 to. Lond. 1794. INDEX OF TIIE GENERA ARRANGED ACCORDING TO TIIE LINNEAN SYSTEM. A short explanation of the classes will be found in a note ( usually note ff at the bottom of the pages referred to. Class I.— Monandria. 1 sta. (p.49.) Order I. — Monogynia. 1 style. vol. plate Salicornia herbacea . 4. 320 Hippuris vulgaris . 1. 49 Class II. — Diandria. 2 sta. (p. 50.) Ord. 1. — Monogynia. 1 style. Ligustrum vulgare . 2. 119 Veronica Chamaedrys l’inguicula vulgaris . . 1. 50 3. 209 Utricularia vulgaris . 5. 349 Lycopus Kuropaeus 3. 167 Salvia pratensis . . 1. 65 Circaea I.utitiana 1. 9 Eraxinus excelsior . 5. 382 Cladium mariscus 6. 500 Ord. 11. Digynia. 2 styles. Anthoxanthum odoratum 2. 99 Class 111. — Triandria. 3 sta. (pp. 45 and 56.) Ord. I. — Monogynia. 1 style. Valeriana rubra . 2. 90 Fedia carinata 6. 432 Crocus nudiflorus 2. 137 Trichonema Bulbocodium 3. 202 Iris Pseud-acorus 2. 82 Cyperus longus . . 6. 454 Schoenus nigricans . 4. 268 lihynchospora alba 5. 396 Scirpus maritimus 4. 264 Blysmus compressus . 4. 308 Eleocharis palustris 6. 436 Eriophorum vaginatum . 6. 427 Nardus stricta 4. 300 Ord. II. — Digynia. 2 styles. Alopecurus pratensis 1. 45 Phalaris canariense 1. 56 Ammophila arundinacea 6. 408 Phleum pratense 1. 68 Lagurus ovatus 4. 256 Milium effusum 4. 247 Gastridium lendigerum . 6. 444 Stipa pennata . . 3. 200 Polypogon monspeliensis 3. 208 Calamagrostis Epigejos . 6. 412 Agrostis alba . . 6. 492 Catabrosa aquatica . 4. 252 Aira caryophyllea . 6. 416 Melica nutans . . 2. 144 Holcus lanatus . 1. 64 Arrhenatherum avenaceum 6. 480 Hierochloe borealis . 2. 148 Sesleria caerulea . . 3. 192 Panicum Crus-galli . 6. 462 Setaria verticillata . . 3. 211 Poa annua . . 4. 288 Triodia decumbens . 6. 488 vol. plate Briza media . . 2. 104 Dactylis glomerata 2. 108 Cynosurus cristatus . 3. 216 Festuca pratensis 5. 324 Bromus mollis . 5. 348 A vena pubescens 4. 292 Arundo phragmites 5. 372 Elymus Europasus 6. 496 Hordium murinum 5. 344 Triticum repens 2. 112 Bracbypodium pinnatum 6. 448 Lolium perenne 2. 116 Rottbollia incurvata 6. 476 Knappia agrostidea 3. 184 Spartina alterniflora 3. 203 Cynodon dactylon 1. 59 Digitaria sanguinalis . 5. 332 Ord. III. — Trigynia. 3 styles. Montia fontana 3. 196 Holosteum umbellatum 4. 299 Polycarpon tetraphyllum . 2. 155 Class IV. — Tetrandria. 4 sta. (p. 46) Ord. I. — Monogynia. 1 style. Dipsacus sylvestris 6. 490 Knautia arvensis 3. 179 Scabiosa succisa 4. 277 Galium verum . 4. 294 Rubia peregrina . 2. 135 Asperula odorata . . 1. 46 Sherardia arvensis 4. 244 Exacum filiforme 5. 400 Plantago major . 3. 207 Centunculus minimus . 4. 296 Epimedium alpinum . 1. 47 Cornus sanguinea 2. 114 Parietaria officinalis 3. 224 Alchemilla vulgaris 4. 280 Isnardia palustris 6. 442 Sanguisorba officinalis . 4. 269 Ord. II. — Digynia. 2 styles Buffonia annua 2. 152 Ord. III. — Tetragynia. 4 styles. Ilex aquifolium Potamogeton natans Iluppia maritima Sagina procumbens Moenchia erecta Tillaja muscosa Radiola millegrana 4. 262 5. 350 6. 451 3. 199 6. 460 5. 380 3. 188 Class V. — Pentandria. 5 sta. (p. 48) Ord. I. — Monogynia. 1 style. Echium vulgare . .3. 189 Pulmonaria officinalis . 2. 102 Lithospermum purpuro-caeru- leum. . 4. 301 Symphytum officinale . 2. 101 xir INDEX OF THE GENERA. vol. plate Borago officinalis 1. 66 Lycopus arvensis 1. 21 Anchusa sempervirens 1. 48 Myosotis palustris 1. 57 Asperugo procumbens . 6. 466 Cynoglossum officinale 6. 477 Anagallis arvensis 1. 29 Lysimachia memorum 4. 310 Cyclamen hederaefolium . 6. 505 Primula veris 2. 89 Hottonia palustris 6. 421 Menyanthes trifoliata 4. 245 Villarsia nymphseoides 3. 161 Erythraea Centaurium . 5. 376 Datura stramonium 2. 121 Hyoscyamus niger 5. 321 Atropa belladonna 1. 10 Solanum Dulcamara . 2. 110 Verbascum nigrum 2. 85 Convolvulus arvensis . 1. 58 Polemonium coeruleum . 2. 149 Azalea procumbens 6. 463 Vinca major 2. 158 Samolus Valerandi 1. 11 Jasione montana 5. 373 Lobelia urens . . 1. 79 Phyteuma orbiculare . 3. 205 Campanula rotundifolia . 1. 61 Lonicera Periclymenum 4. 287 Rhamnus Frangula . 3. 219 Euonymus Europaeus 2. 123 Claytonia alsinoides 4. 253 Impatiens Noli-me-tangere 2. 125 Viola canina . » 1. 4 Ribes rubrum 5. 345 Hedera Helix 1. 32 Glaux maritima . 4. 246 Illecebrum verticillatum . 6. 471 Tbesium linophyllum 4. 263 Ord. II. — Digynia. 2 styles. Swertia perennis 6. 498 Gentiana Pneumonanthe 3. 185 Cuscuta Europasa 1. 18 Hydrocotyle vulgaris 3. 168 Sanicula Europaaa . 3. 235 Eryngium maritimum 3. 162 Conium maculatum 4. 303 Physospermum cornubiense 6. 475 Smyrnium Olusatrum . 3. 195 Cicuta virosa 5. 395 Apium graveolens 2. 156 Petroselinum segetum 5. 360 Trinia glaberrima . 6. 468 Helosciadium nodiflorum 6. 415 SisonAmomum . 6. 407 jEgopodium Podagraria 2. 151 Carum Carvi 3. 232 Bunium fiexuosum 6. 435 Pimpinella saxifraga . 6. 411 Sium latifolium 4. 319 Bupleurum rotundifolium 1. 13 CEnanthe crocata 2. 160 ASthusa Cynapium . 1. 19 F’oeniculum vulgare . . 3. 176 Seseli Libanotis 6. 455 Ligusticum Scoticum 6. 472 Siiaus pratensis 6. 404 Meum athamanticum vol. plat* 4. 314 Crithmum maritimum 4. 261 Angelica sylvestris . 6. 491 Peucedanum officinale . 6. 419 Imperatoria ostruthium . 5. 370 Pastinaca sativa 3. 172 Heracleum Sphondylium . 2. 130 Tordylium maximum . 6. 443 Daucus carota . 3. 180 Caucalis daucoides 6. 459 Torilis Anthriscus 5. 347 Echinophora spinosa 6. 478 Scandix Pecten-Veneris . 4. 272 Anthriscus sylvestris 3. 228 Chaerophyllum lemulentum 6. 483 Myrrhis odorata . 5. 374 Coriandrum sativum 6. 504 Chenopodium hybridum . 5. 352 Beta maritima . 3. 231 Salsola Kali 4. 255 Herniaria hirsuta 4. 304 Ulmus montana 5. 386 Ord. III. — Tricynia. 3 styles. Viburnum Lantana 2. 128 Sambucus ebulus , 2. 122 Staphyllea pinnata . Tamarix gallica . 3. 198 . 6. 481 Corrigiola littoralis 4. 312 Ord. IV. — Tetragynia. 4 styles. Parnassia palustris 1. 70 Ord. V. — Pentagynia. 5 styles. Statice Limonium 3. 183 Linum usitatissimnm 5. 353 Sibbaldia procumbens . 6. 470 Ord. VI. — Hexagynia. 6 styles. Drosera rotundifolia 3. 201 Ord. VII. — Polyoynia. Many styles. Myosurus minimus . 3. 204 Class VI. — Hkxandiua. 6sta. (p.33) Ord. I. — Monogvnia. 1 style. Berberis vulgaris . 2. 115 Frankenia laevis . . 2. 132 Peplis portula . 3. 220 Leucojum aestivum . 1. 55 Galanthus nivalis . 1. 33 Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus 1. 73 Convallaria majalis . 1. 78 Allium ursinum . 2. 97 Gagea lutea • . 1. 41 Omithogalum umbellatum 2. 124 Scilla bifolia . 2. 95 Ilyacinthus non seriptus . 1. 74 Rluscari racemosum ; 2. 92 Anlhericum serotinum . 6. 464 Asparagus officinalis . 6. 403 Narthecium ossifragum . 3. 186 Fritillaria Meleagris . 1. 1 Lilium Martagon . 6. 501 Tulipa sylvestris . .1. 2 A corus calamus . 5. 330 J uncus lampoearpus . 5. 399 Luzula campestris . 5. 379 INDEX OF THE GENERA. XT vol. plate Ord. II. — Digynia. 2 styles. Oxyria reniformis . 4. 311 Ord. III. — Trigynia. 3 styles. Rumex obtusifolius 6. 454 'i'ofieldia palustris . . 3. 227 Scheuchzeria palustris . 6. 503 Triglochin palustre 1. 60 Colchicum autumnale . 1. 17 Old. IV. — Hexagynia. 6 styles. Actinocarpus Damasonium 6. 437 Ord. V. — Polycynia. Many styles. Alisma Plantago 5. 337 Class VII. — Heptandiua. 7 stamens. (p. 343.) Ord. I. — Monogynia. 1 style. Trientalis Europaia 5. 343 Class VIII.— Octandria. 8 sta. (42.) Order I. — Monogynia. 1 style. Acer campestre 2. 98 Chlora perfoliata 1. 69 Menziesia polifolia . 6. 449 Erica Tetralix . 6. 418 Calluna vulgaris 1. 76 Vaccinium Vitis-Tdata . 5. 383 Oxycoccus palustris 6. 429 (Enothera biennis 4. 257 Epilobium angustifolium i 1. 14 Daphne Mezereum 2. 96 Ord. II. — Trigynia. 3 styles. Polygonum Bistorta 1. 5 Ord. III. — 1 Tetragynia. 4 styles. Paris quadrifolia 1. 6 Adoxa moschatellina . 1. 42 Elatine hexandra 6. 487 Class IX. — Enneandria. 9 sta. (p.34) Ord. I. — Hexagynia. 6 styles. Butomus umbellatus 1. 34 Class X. — Decandiiia. 10 sta. (p.37.) Ord. I. — Monogynia. 1 style. Monotropa Hypopitys 4. 275 Pyrola minor . 3. 239 Ledum palustre 6. 508 Andromeda polifolia . 5. 361 Arbutus Unedo . . 6. 497 Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi 6. 502 Ord. II.— Digynia. 2 styles. Scleranthus antiuus 6. 439 Chrysosplenium oppositifolium 2. 140 Saxifraga aizoides 3. 187 Saponaria officinalis . 1. 37 Dianthus Oaryophyllus . 2. 81 Ord. III. — Trigynia. 3 styles. Silene armeria 2. 120 Cucubalus baccifer 6. 507 Stellaiia nemorum 2. 154 Arenaria verna 5. 384 Cherleria scdoides 4. 316 vol. plate Ord. IV. — Pentacynia. 5 styles. Cotyledon Umbilicus 4. 279 Sedum acre . . 5. 364 Oxalis Acetosella 5. 327 Agrostemma Gtthago 3. 175 Lychnis Flos-Cuculi 1. 71 Cerastium arvense 4. 286 Spergula arvensis . 5. 388 Class XI. — Dodecandria. 12 i to 19 stamens (p. 88.) Ord. I. — Monogynia. 1 style. Asarum Europaeum 4. 250 Lythrum Salicaria 3. 229 Ord. II. — Digynia. 2 styles. Agrimonia Eupatoria 2. 88 Ord. III. — Trigynia. 3 styles. Reseda lutea 1. 15 Ord. IV.— Dodecagynia, 12 styles. Sempervivum tectorum 6. 401 Class XII. — Icosandria. 20 or more stamens placed on the calyxl p. 100) Ord. I. — Monogynia. 1 style. Prunus cerasus 2. 100 Ord. II. — Pentagynia. 5 styles, (v a- riable in most of the genera.) Mespilus Germanica 6. 493 Crataegus Oxyacantlia . 2. 118 Cotoneaster vulgaris 6. 402 Pyrus torminalis 2. 111 Spiraea Filipendula 2. 133 Ord. III. — Poi.yoynia. Many styles. Rosa arvensis 5. 325 Rubus fruticosus . 5. 334 Fiagaria vesca 4. 242 Comarum palustre 3. 197 Potentilia rupestris 4. 313 Tormentilla officinalis 5. 341 Geum rivale 1. 3 Dryas octopetala . 4. 248 Class XIII. — Poi.yandria. Many stamens, inserted upon the receii- tacle, (pp. 7, 43, 51.) Ord. I. — Monogynia. 1 style. Papaver somniferum 1. 53 Meconopsis Cambrica 1. 54 Glaucium luteum 2. 131 Chelidonium majus 1. 51 Actaea spicata 3. 218 Helianthemum vulgare . 5. 393 Tilia F.uropaea 4. 293 Nymphaea alba 3. 181 & 182 Nuphar lutea 4. 281 & 282 Ord. II. — Pentagynia. . 2 to 6 styles. Heleborus fcetidus 2. 103 l’aeonia corallina . . 3. 217 Delphinium Consolida . 4. 297 Aconitum Napellus 2. 87 Aquilegia vulgaris 3. 221 Slratiotes aloidcs 6. 413 xvi INDEX OF THE GENERA. Ord. III. — POLYGYNIA. vol. plate Many styles. 'J'halictrum flavum 4. 254 Clematis vitalba 2. 129 Anemone nemorosa 1. 43 Adonis autumnalis 1. 7 Ranunculus acris . 4. 302 Trollius Europaeus 4. 241 Caltha palustris 2. 153 Class XIV. — Didynamia. 4 stamens ; 2 longer than the other 2, (p. 31.) Ord. 1. — Gy'mnospermia. (p. 31.) Mentha hirsuta 5. 398 Thymus Serpyllum 2. 127 Origanum vulgare 5. 354 Teuerium Scorodonia 1. 22 Ajuga reptans 2. 94 Baliota nigra 2. 86 Leonurus Cardiaca 2. 126 Galeobdolon luteum 3. 194 Galeopsis versicolor 1. 75 Lamium album . . 1. 31 Betonica officinalis 3. 214 Stachys palustris . 1. 16 Nepeta cataria 5. 378 Verbena officinalis . 1. 26 Glechoma hederacea 2. 136 Marrubium vulgare . 3. 171 Acinos vulgaris 6. 479 Calamintha Nepeta 6. 486 Clinopodium vulgare 5. 346 Melittis Melissophyllum 4. 285 Prunella vulgaris 1. 67 Scutellaria galericulata 1. 12 Ord. II. — Angiospermia. (p. 72) Bartsia Odontites . . 3. 223 Euphrasia officinalis 1. 72 Rhinanthus Crista-Galli 4. 259 Melampyrum arvense 6. 457 Lathraea squamaria 5. 365 Pedicularis sylvatica 4 266 Antirrhinum majus 3. 169 Linaria Cymbalaria 1. 23 Scrophularia nodosa 5. 385 Digitalis purpurea . 2. 113 Limosella aquatica 3. 212 Sibthorpia Europaea 3. 215 Linnaea borealis . . 5. 340 Orobanche minor . 5. 381 Class XV. — Tetradynamia. 6 sta- wiens, 4 long and 2 short , (p. 38.) Ord. I. — Si licu los a , (p. 107) Cakile maritima 4. 258 Crambe maritima 2. 107 Coronopus Ruellii . 4. 320 Isatis tinctoria . 3. 210 Vella annua 6. 420 Thlaspi perfoliata 3. 240 Capsella Bursa-Pastoris . 3. 191 Hutchinsia petraea 2. 138 Teesdalia nudicaulis 6. 423 1 bet is amara 5. 351 Lepidium latifolium 3. 236 Cochlearia officinalis 5. 375 Subulatia aquatica 6. 428 Draba verna 1. 38 vol, plate Camelina sativa 6. 447 Koniga maritima 5. 355 Ord. II. — Siliquosa, (p. 62) Dentaria bulbifera 2. 145 Cardamine pratensis 2. 141 Arabis Turrita 2. 159 Turritis glabra 6. 430 Barbarea vulgaris 6. 450 Nasturtium officinale 4. 271 Sisymbrium Irio 2. 146 Erysimum cheiranthoides 1. 62 Cheiranthus Cheiri 3. 237 Matthiola incana 6. 445 Hesperis maironalis . 6. 425 Brassica Rapa 6. 458 Sinapis nigra 5. 336 Raphanus Raphanistrum 5. 359 Class XVI. — Monadelphia. Fila' merits combined in one set, (p. 1061 Ord. 1. — Pentandria. 5 stamens. Erodium moschatum 5. 362 Ord. II. — Decandria. 10 stamens. Geranium pratense 1. 30 Ord. III. — Polyandria. Many stam. Lavatera arborea 2. 106 Malva moschata . 1. 25 A lthaea officinalis 3. 226 Class X VII. --Dia delphi a. Filaments combined in two sets, (p. 77.) Ord. I. — Hexandkia. 6 stamens. Corydalis solida . 3. 190 Fumaria officinalis . 4. 278 Ord. II. — Octa.vdria. 8 stamens. Polygala vulgaris . 4. 251 Ord. III. — Decandria. 10 stamens. Ulex Europaeus . 2. 93 Genista tinctoria . 2. 84 Sparlium scoparium . 1. 77 Ononis anliquorum . 4. 289 Antiiyllis vulneraria . 5. 397 Orobus tuberosus . 6. 433 Lathyrus latifolius . 2. 117 Pisum maritimum . 3. 225 Vicia sylvatica . . 3. 173 Ervum hirsutum . 5. 322 Astragalus hypoglottis . 6. 453 Oxytropis campestris . 6. 495 Ormthopus perpusillus . 5. 358 Arthrolobium ebracteatum 6. 509 Hippocrepis comosa . 5. 369 Onobrychis sativa . 2. 134 Melilotus officinalis . 5. 363 Trifolium pratense . 4. 283 Lotus corniculatus . 4. 249 JMedicago sativa . . 5. 329 Class XVIII. — Polyadelphia. Fila- ments combined in more than two sets, (p. 39) Ord. L--PoLYANDniA.il/ani/stamens. Hypericum perforatum . 1. 80 Androstcmuiu officinale . 1. 39 INDEX OF THE GENERA. vol. plate Class XIX. — Syngenesia. Anthers united into a tube. Flowers com- pound, fp. 91) Ord. I. — ^Iquaeis, (p. 147) Tragopogon pratensis 5. 390 Helminthia echioides . 4. 270 Picris hieracioides : 4. 274 Apargia hispida . . 4. 318 Thrincia hirta 5. 323 Hypochaeris radicata 6. 406 Eactuca virosa . 4. 315 Prenanthes rauralis 1. 27 Crepis virens 5. 366 Sonchus oleraceus 2. 147 Leontodon Taraxacum . 3. 163 Borkhausia foetida 6. 467 Hieracium umbellatum 3. 165 Lapsana communis . 2. 150 Cichorium Intybus 6. 417 Arctium Lappa 5. 333 Serratula tinctoria 3. 174 Saussurea alpina 6. 473 Carduus nutans 3. 177 Cnicus lanceolatus 6. 410 Onopordum acanthium 4. 273 Carlina vulgaris 6. 405 Bidens tripartita 6. 446 Eupatorium cannabinum 3. 178 Chrysocoma Linosyris . 3. 233 Diotis maritima 6. 499 Ord. II. — Superfi.ua. (p. 36) Tanacetum vulgare 1. 24 Artemisia Absinthium . 5. 339 Gnaphalium dioicum , 4. 243 Peiasites vulgaris 2. 139 Tussilago Farfara 2. 91 Erigeron acris 3. 166 Aster Tripolium 3. 239 Senecio squalidus 1. 52 Cineraria eampestris 3. 206 Solidago Virgaurea 3. 238 C’onyza squarrosa 4. 290 Inula Helenium . 4. 265 Limbarda tricuspis 6. 494 Pulicaria dysenteriea 3. 170 Doronicum Pardalianches 2. 157 Beilis perennis 1. 44 Chrysanthemum segetum 4. 306 Pyrethrum Parthenium . 1. 20 Matricaria Chamomilla . 5. 335 Anthemis cotula . 5. 328 Achillea Ptarmica 1. 36 Ord. III. — Frustranea, (p. 35) Centaurea Cyanus 1. 35 Class XX. — Gynandria. Stamens situated upon the style or column, above the germen, (p. 8) Ord. I. — Monandria. 1 stamen. Orchis tephrosanthos . 3. 213 Gymnadenia conopsea . 6. 409 Peristylus albidus . 5. 387 Aceras anthropophora . 4. 305 Herminium monorchis . 4. 295 Ophrys apifera . 1. 8 Goodyera repens . 4. 309 xvii Spiranthes autumnalis Listera Nidus-Avis Epipactis palustris Malaxis paludosa Liparis Laeselii Corallorrhiza innata vol. plate 1. 63 5. 357 4. 317 5. 394 6. 414 6. 422 Ord. II. — Diandria. 2 stamens. Cypripedium Calceolus . 2. 105 Ord. III. — Hexandria. 6 stamens. Aristolochia clematitis . 1. 28 Class XXI. — MoNtKciAi Stamens and Pistils in separate flowers, but both on the same plant, (p. 83) Ord. I. — Monandria. 1 stamen. Euphorbia helioscopia . 5. 368 Callitriche verna . 5. 392 Zannichellia palustris 3. 164 Zostera marina . 6. 456 Ord. II. — Diandria. 2 stamens. Lemna minor 6. 424 Ord. III. — Triandria. 3 stamens. Typha angustifolia 5. 377 Sparganium simplex 4. 276 Carex recurva . 6. 440 Elyna caricina . 6. 484 Ord. IV. — Tetrandria. 4 stamens. Littorella lacustris 4. 284 Alnus glutinosa . 3. 193 Buxus sempervirens 2. 142 Urtica dioica . 4. 298 Ord. V. — Pentandria. 5 stamens. Xanthium Strumarium . 6. 461 Amaranthus Blitum . 6. 482 Bryonia dioica . 2. 83 Ord. VI. — Hexandria. 6 stamens. Eriocaulon septangulare 6. 465 Ord. VII. — Polyandria. Many stamens. Ceratophyllum demersum 4. 260 Myriophyllum verticillatum 5. 376 Sagittaria sagittifolia . 2. 109 Arum maculatum . 4. 261 Poterium sanguisorba . 6. 438 Quercus Robur . 5. 371 Fagus sylvatica . 5. 331 Castanea vesca . . 6. 485 Betula alba . . 5. 326 Carpinus Betulus . 3. 234 Coryllus Avellana . 5. 338 Ord. VIII. — Monadelphia. Stamens united into one set. Pinus sylvestris . . 5. 389 Class XXII.— Dioecia. Stamens and pistils in separate don ers, and on different plants, (p. 143) Ord. I. — Diandria. 1 to 5, mostly 2, stamens. Salix purpurea . . 6. 434 INDEX OF THE GENERA. xviii vol. plate | Oid. II. — Triandria. 3 stamens. Empetrum nigrum . 6. 469 Ruscus aculeatus . 6. 474 Ord. III. — Tetrandria. 4 stamens. Viscum album . • 1. 40 1 lippophae rhamnoides . 6. 426 Myrica Gale . • 6. 489 Ord. IV. — Pentandria. 5 stamens. Humulus Lupulus . 5. 342 Ord. V. — Hexandria. 6 stamens. Tamus communis . 4. 291 Ord. VI. — Octandria. 8 stamens. Populus nigra . . 6. 506 Rhodiola rosea . 5. 391 vol. plate Ord. VII. — Enneandria. 9stammes. Mercurialis perennis . 2. 143 Hydrocharis Morsus Ranae 6. 441 Ord. VIII. — Monadelphia. Stamens combined. Juniperus communis . 6. 431 Taxus baccata . . 3. 222 Class XXIII.— Poeyc.amia. Stamens and Pistils separated in some spe- cies, united in others, either on the same, or on 2 or 3 different plants, (p. 356) Ord. I. — Moncecia. Flowers differ- ent on the same plant. A triplex patula . 5. 356 INDEX OF THE GENERA ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM; With references to the page where the Orders are described in the body of the work. vol. plate Class I. — Dicotyeedones. Order I. — Ranunculace*. (p.129 a) Clematis vilalba . 2. 129 Thalictrum flavum . 4. 254 Anemone nemorosa . 1. 43 Adonis autumnalis . 1. 7 IVIyosurus minimus . 3. 204 Ranunculus acris . 4. 302 Caltha palustris . 2. 153 Trollius Europaeus . 4. 241 Ilelleborus foetidus . 2. 103 Aquilegia vulgaris . 3. 221 Delphinium Consolida . 4. 297 Aconitum Napellus . 2. 87 Aclaea spicata . . 3. 218 Paionia corallina . 3. 217 Ord. II. — Berbiridee. (p. 115 a) Berberis vulgaris . 2. 115 Epimedium alpinum . 1. 47 Ord. III. — Nymph^ace® (p. 281--2 a) Nymphaja alba . 3. 181 & 182 Nupharlutea . 4. 281 & 282 Ord. IV. — Papaveraceie (p. 54 a) Papaver somniferum . 1. 53 Meconopsis Cambrica .1. 54 Glaucium luteum . 2. 131 Chelidonium majus . 1. 51 Ord. V. — Fumauiaceie (p. 190 a) Fumaria officinalis . 4. 278 Corydalis solida . . 3. 190 vol. plate Ord. VI — Crucifer.® (p. 38 a) Cakile maritima . 4. 258 Crambe maritima 2. 107 Coronopus Ruellii 4. 320 Isatis tincloria 3. 210 Vella annua 6. 420 Thlaspi perfoliatum 3, 240 Capsella Bursa-Pastoris . 3. 191 Hutchinsia petrma 2. 138 Teesdalia nudicaulis 6. 423 Iberis amara . 5. 351 Lepidium lalifolium 3. 236 Cochlearia officinalis . 5. 375 Subularia aquatica 6. 428 Draba verna 1. 38 Camelina saliva. 6. 447 Koniga maritima 5. 355 Dentaria bulbifera 2. 145 Cardamine pratensis . 2. 141 Arabis Turrita 2. 159 Turritis glabra 6. 430 Barbarea vulgaris 6. 450 Nasturtium officinale . 4. 271 Sisymbrium irio 2. 146 Erysimum cheiranthoides 1. 62 Cheiranthus Cbeiri 3. 237 Matthiola incana 6. 445 Hesperis matronalis 6. 425 Brassica Rapa 6. 458 Sinapis nigra 5. 336 Raphanus Raphanistrum 5. 359 Ord. VII. — Recedace.e (p. 15a) Reseda lutea 1. 15 INDEX OF THE GENERA. xix vol. plate Ord. VIII. — ClSTlNB®, (p. 393 a) Ilelianthemum vulgare 5. 393 Ord. IX. — Violace®, (p. 4 a ) Viola canina 1. 4 Ord. X. — Drosbrace®, (p. 201 ( j) Drosera rolundifolia . 3. 201 Old. XI. — Poi-ygale®, (p. 251 a) Polygala vulgaris 4. 251 Ord. XII.— Frankeniace®, (p. 132 a) Frankenia laevis 2. 132 Ord. XIII. — Elatine.e , (P- 510) Elatine hexandra 6. 487 Ord. XIV. — Caryomylle®, (p. 152 a) Dianthus Cnrvoptiyllus 2. 81 Saponaria officinalis . 1. 37 Silene Aimer a 2. 120 Cucubalus baccifer 6. 5 '7 Lyclinis Flos-Cuculi 1. 71 Agrostemina Gitliago . 3. 175 Tluffonia annua 2. 152 Sagina procumbens 3. 199 IMcenchia erecta 6. 460 Ilolosteurn umbellalum . 4. 299 Spergula arvensis 5. 38H Stellaria nemorum 2. 151 Arenaria verna 5. 384 Cerastium arvense 4. 286 Clitrleria sedoides . 4. 316 Ord. XV. — Line®, (p. 353 a) I.inum UMtatissimum 5. 3-53 Kadiola Millegrana 3. 188 Ord. XVI. — Malvaceae, (p. 106 a) 1 avatera arborea 2 106 Rlalva moschata 1. 25 Althaea officinalis 3. 226 Ord. XVII. — Tiliace.e, (p. 293 a) Tilia Europaea 4. 293 Old. XVIII. — Hypericine®, (p. 80 a) Hypericum perforatum 1. 80 Androsaemum officinale 1. 39 Ord. XIX. — Acf.rine®, (p. 98 a) Acer campestre 2. 98 Ord. XX. — Geraniace® , (p. 362 a) Geranium pratense 1. 30 Erodium nioschatuin . 5. 362 Ord. XXI. — Balsamine.y (p. 125 a) Impatiens Noli-me-tangere 2. 125 Ord. XXII. — Oxalide®, (p. 327 a) Oxalis Acetosella 5. 327 Ord. XXIII. — Celastrin®, (p. 123 a) Euonymus Europaeus 2. 123 Ord. XXIV. — Rhamne ®, (p. 219 a) Illiuinnus Frangula 3. 219 vol. plate Old. XXV. — Staphyleace®, (p- 198 a) Staplrylea pinnata . 3. 193 Ord. XXVI. — Leguminos®, (p. 495 a) Ulex Europaeus . 2. 93 Geni'ta tinctnria . 2. 84 Spartium scoparium 1. 77 Ononis antiqimrum 4. 289 A ntbyllis vulneraria 5. 397 Rledicaro sativa 5. 329 Melilotus officinalis . 5. 363 Trifolium pralense 4. 283 Lotus cornicuiatus 4. 249 Oxytropis campestris 6. 495 A sira gains hypoglottis 6. 453 Ornuhopus perpusillus 5. 358 Artlirolobium ebiacieatum 6. 509 Hippocrepis comosa 5. 369 Onobrychis saliva 2. 134 Vici i sylvatica . . 3. 173 Ervum hirsutum 5. 322 Laihvrus latifolius 2. 117 Ptsum mai itimum 3. 225 Orobus iui erosus 6. 433 Ord. XXVII. — Amyodale®, (p, . 100 a) Prunus cerasus 2 1U0 Ord. XXVIII. — Rosace®, (p. 313 a) Spirae Filipendula 2. 133 Hryas octopetala 4. 248 Geum rivale 1. 3 Rulrus Iruticosus 5. 334 Kr igaiia vesca 4. 242 ( omarum palustre 3. 197 Potentilla rupestris 4. 313 Totmentilla officinalis 5. 341 Sibbaldia procumbens 6. 470 Agiimonia Kupatoria 2. 88 Alcbemilla vulgaris 4. 28b Sanguisorba officinalis 4. 269 Poterium sanguisorba 6. 438 Rosa arvensis 5. 325 Old. XXIX. — Pomace®, (p. 402 a) Mespilus Germanica . 6. 493 Crataegus Oxyacantba 2. 118 Cotoneaster vulgaris 6. 402 Pyrus toiminalis 2. 111 Ord. XXX.— Onagrari®, (p. 442 a) Epilobium angustifolium 1. 14 G'lnotheia biennis 4. 257 Isnardia palustris 6. 442 Ord. XXXI. — Circ®ace®, (p. 9, n. }) Circaea Lutitiana 1. 9 Ord. XXXII.— Halorage®, (p. 376 a) Hippuris vulgaris 1. 49 Myriophyllum verticillatum 5. 376 Ord. XXXIII. — Callitrichine®, (p. 392 a) Callitriche verna 5. 392 Ord. XXXIV. — CERATOrilYLLE®, (p. 260 a) Ceratophyllum demersum 4. 260 il XX INDEX OF THE GENEUA. vol, plate Ord. XXXV. — LYTnRABiE^,(p.SJ29 a) Lythrum Salicaria 3. 229 Peplis Portula 3. 220 Ord. XXXVI. — Tamariscinr*, (481 a) Tamarix Gallica 6. 481 Ord. XXXVII. — Ccccrbitace*, (83 a) Bryonia dioica 2. 83 Old. XXXVIII. --P0RTULACE*,(p.l 96 a) IVlontia fontana 3. 196 Claylonia Alsinoides . 4. 253 Ord. XXXIX. — Illecebre.*, (p. 155 a) Corrigiola littoralis 4. 312 Herniaria hirsuta 4. 304 lllecebrum verticillalum 6. 471 Polycarpon telraphyllum 2. 155 Ord. XL. — Scleranthe*, (p. 439 a) Scleranthus annuus 6. 439 Ord. XLI. — Crassulace*, (p.364 a) Tillasa muscosa 5. 380 Cotyledon Umbilicus 4. 279 Sempervivum tectorum . 6. 401 Sedum acre 5. 364 Khodiola rosea 5. 391 Ord. XLII. — Grossclace*, (p. 345 a) Ilibes rubrum 5. 345 Ord. XLIII. — Saxifrage*, (p. 187 a) Saxifraga aizoides 3. 187 Chrysospleniumoppositifolium2. 140 Tarnassia palustris* 1. 70 Ord. XL1V. — Araliace*, (p. 510) Adoxa moschatellina 1. 42 Hedera Helix 1. 32 Ord.XLV. — Umbelmfer*, (p. 235 a) Hydrocolyle vulgaris 3. 168 Sanicula Europasa 3. 235 Eryngium marilirmim 3. 162 Conium maculatum 4. 303 Physospermum Cornubiense 6. 475 Smyrnium Olusatrum 3. 195 Cicuta virosa 5. 395 Apium graveolens 2. 156 Petrosebnum segetum 5. 360 i'rinia glaberrima . 6. 468 Helosciadinm nodiflorum 6. 415 SisonAmomum 6. 407 ASgopodium Podagraria , 2. 151 Carum Carvi 3. 232 Bunium flexuosum 6. 435 Pimpinella saxifraga . G. 411 Sium latifolium 4. 319 Bupleurum rotundifolium 1. 13 (Enanthe crocata 2. 160 A2thusa Cynapium 1. 19 Foeniculum vulgare . . 3. 176 Seseli Libanotis 6. 455 Ligusticum Seoticum 6. 472 Silaus pratensis . 6. 404 Meum athamanlicum 4. 314 * Sir W. J. Hooker refers Parnas- sia to Hypericine*. vol. plate Crithmum maritimum 4. 261 Angelica sylvestris . 6. 491 Peucedanum officinale 6. 419 Imperatoria Ostruthium . 5. 370 Pastinaca sativa 3. 172 Heracleum Sphondylium . 2. 130 Tordylium maximum 6. 443 Daucus carota . 3. 180 Caucalis daucoides 6. 459 Torilis Anthiiscus . 5. 347 Echinophora spinosa 6. 478 Scandix Pecten-Veneiis . 4. 272 Anthriscus sylvestris 3. 228 Cbaerophyllum temulentum 6. 483 Myrrhis odorata 5. 374 Coriandrum sativum 6. 504 Ord. XLVI. — Lorantiie*, (p. 40 a) Viscum album 1. 40 Ord. XLVII. — Capbifoliace.ie, (128 a) Sambucus Ebulus 2. 122 Viburnum Lantana 2. 128 Lonicera Periclymenum 4. 287 Linnaaa borealis 5. 34tl Cornus sanguinea 2. 114 Ord. XLV11I. — Stellatje, (p. 135 a) Rubia peregrina 2. 135 Galium verum . 4. 294 Sherardia arvensis 4. 244 Asperula odorata . 1. 46 Ord. XLIX. — Valeriane.e, p.432 a) Valeriana tubra 2. 90 Fedia carinata 6. 432 Ord. L. — Difsace.e, (p. 179 n) Dipsacus sylvestris . 6. 490 Scabiosa succisa 4. 277 Knaulia arvensis 3. 179 Ord. LI. — CoMPOsnas, (p. 27 a) Tragopogon pratensis 5. 390 Helminthia echioides 4. 270 Picris hieracioides 4. 274 Apargia hispida . . 4. 318 Thrincia hirta 5. 323 Hypochaeris radicata 6. 406 Lactuca virosa . 4. 315 Prenantlies muralis 1. 27 Sonehus oleraceus 2. 147 Crepis virens 5. 366 Borkhausia fcetida 6. 467 Hietacium umbellatum 3. 165 Leontodon Taraxacum 3. 163 Lapsana communis 2. 150 Cichorium Intybus 6. 417 Arctium Lappa 5. 333 Serratula tinctoria 3. 174 Saussurea alpina . 6. 473 Carduus nutans 3. 177 Cnicus lanceolatus 6. 410 Onopordum Acanlhium 4. 273 Carlina vulgaris 6. 405 Cetitaurea Cyanus 1. 35 Bidens tripartita 6. 446 Eupatorium cannabinum 3. 178 Chrysocoma Linosyris 3. 233 Diotis maritima 6. 499 INDEX OF THE GENERA. xxi vol. plate Tanacetum vulgare 1. 24 Artemisia Absinthium . 5. 339 Gnaphalium dioicum . 4. 243 Petasites vulgaris 2. 139 Tussilago Farfara 2. 91 Erigeron acris 3. 166 Aster Tripolium 3. 230 Solidago Virgaurea 3. 238 Senecio squalidus 1. 52 Cineraria eampestris 3. 206 Doronicum Pardalianches 2. 157 Inula Helenium . . 4. 265 Conyza squarrosa 4. 290 Limbarda tricuspis 6. 494 Pulicaria dysenterica 3. 170 Beilis perennis 1. 44 Chrysanthemum segetum 4. 306 Pyreihrum Parthenium . 1. 20 Matricaria Chamomilla . 5. 335 Anthemis Cotula 5. 328 Achillea Ptarmica 1. 36 Xanthium strumarium 6. 461 Ord. HI. — Campanulace.e, (205 a) Campanula rotundifolia 1. 61 Phyteuma orbiculare 3. 205 Ord. LI 1 1. — Lobeliacex, (p. 79 a) Jasione montana 5. 373 Lobelia urens 1. 79 Ord. LIV. — Vacciniex, (p. 510) Vaccinium Vitis-Idaaa 5. 383 Oxycoccus palustris 6. 429 Ord. LV. — Ehice.e, (p. 449 a) Erica Tetralix 6. 418 Calluna vulgaris 1. 76 Menziesia polifolia 6. 449 Azalea procumbens 6. 463 Andromeda polifolia 5. 361 Arbutus Unedo 6. 494 Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi 6. 502 Ledum palustre 6. 508 Ord. LVI.— Pyroeacex, (p. 239 a ) Pyrola minor 3. 239 Monotropa Hypopitys 4. 275 Ord. LVII. — Aqu iron ace ,(262 a) Ilex Aquifolium 4. 262 Ord. LVIII. — Oleacex, (p. 119 a) Ligustrum vulgare 2. 119 Fraxinus excelsior 5. 382 Ord. LIX. — Apocyne.e, (p. 158 a) Vinca major . . 2. 158 Ord. LX. — Gentianex, (p. 400 a) Exacum filiforme 5. 400 Erythraea Centaurinm 5. 367 Gentiana Pneumonanthe 3. 185 Swertia perennis . 6. 498 Chlora perfoliata . , 1. 69 Menyanthes trifoliata 4. 245 Villarsia nymphatoidcs . 3. 161 Old. LXI. — Po lemon i ac ex, (149 a) Polemonium caeruleum . 2. 149 vol. plate Ord. LXII. — Convolvulace.e, ( 18a) Convolvulus arvensis 1. 58 Cuscuta Europaea 1. 18 Ord. LXIII. — Boraginex , (p. 102 a) Kchium vulgare 3. 189 Pulmonaria officinalis 2. 102 Lithospermum purpuro-caeruleum4.30 1 Symphytum officinale 1. 101 Borago officinalis 1. 66 Lycopus arvensis 1. 21 Anchusa sempervirens . 1. 48 Myosotis palustris 1. 57 A sperugo procumbens . 6. 466 Cynoglossum officinale . 6. 477 Ord. LXIV — Solanex, (p. 321 a) Datura Stramonium 2. 121 Hyoscyamus niger 5. 321 Solatium Dulcamara . 2. 110 Atropa Belladonna 1. 10- Verbascum nigrum 2. 85 Ord. LXV. — Obobanchex, (381 a) Orobanche minor 5. 381 Lathraea squamaria 5. 365 Ord. LXVII -Scrophularinf.x(50 a) Veronica Chamardrys i. 50 Bartsia Odontites 3. 223 Euphrasia officinalis 1. 72 Khinanthus Crista-Galli . 4. 259 Pedicularis sylvatica 4. 266 Scrophularia nodosa 5. 385 Digitalis purpurea 2. 113 Antirrhinum majus 3. 169 Linaria Cymbalaria 1. 23 Limosella aquatica 3. 212 Sibthorpia Europaia 3. 215 Ord. LXVII. — Melampyracex, (p. 457, n. $) Melampyrum arvense . 6. 457 Ord. LXVI1I. — Laiiiatx,' (p.86 a) Lycopus Kuropmus 3. 167 Salvia pratensis 1. 65 Mentha hirsuta 5. 398 Thymus Serpyllum 2. 127 Origanum vulgare 5. 354 Teucrium Scorodonia 1. 22 Ajuga reptans 2. 94 Bal lota nigra 2. 86 Leonurus Cardiaca 2. 126 Galeobdolon luteum . 3. 194 Galeopsis versicolor 1. 75 Lamium alburn . , 1. 31 Betonica officinalis 3. 214 Stachys palustris 1. 16 Nepeta cataria 5. 378 Glechoma hederacea 2. 136 Marrubium vulgare 3. 171 Acinos vulgaris 6. 479 Calamintha Nepeta 6. 486 Clinopodium vulgare 5. 346 Melittis Melissophyllum 4. 285 Prunella vulgaris 1. 67 Scutellaria galericulata 1. 12 Ord. LX1X.— Verrenacex, (p. 510) Verbena officinalis , 1. 26 xxii INDEX OF THE GENERA. vol. plate Ord. LXX. — Lentibulari.e,(349 a) Pinguicula vulgaris . 3. 209 Utricularia vulgaris . 5. 349 vol. plate Ord. LXXXVI. — Samcineje, (434 a) Salix purpurea . . 6. 434 Populus nigra . 6. 506 Ord. LXXI.—Primulace*, (296 a) Anagallis arvensis . 1. 29 Lysimachia memorum . 4. 310 Cyclamen hederasfolium . 6. 505 Hottonia palustris . 6. 421 Primula veris . 2. 89 Centunculus minimus . 4. 296 Trientaiis Europaea . 5. 343 Samolus Valerandi . 1. 11 Glaux maritima . 4. 246 Ord. LXXII. — Plumbagine.®, (183 a ) Statice Limonium . 3. 183 Ord. LXXII I. --Plant ag in ea!, (284 a) Plantago major . 3. 207 Littorella lacustris . 4. 284 Ord. 1.XX1V. — Amaranthace/E, (p. 482 a) Amaranthus Blitum . 6. 482 Ord. LXXV. — Chenopodea: ,(231 a) Chenopodium hybridum . 5. 352 A triplex patula . . 5. 356 Beta maritima . . 3. 231 Salsola Kali . , 4. 255 Salicornia herbacea . . 4. 307 Ord. LXXVI. — Polygonea:, (311 a) Polygonum Bistora . 1. 5 Rumex obtusifolius . 6. 454 Oxyria reniformis . 4. 311 Ord. LXX VII. — Eeeagneai, (426 a) Hippophae rbamnoides . 6. 426 Old. LXXVIII. — Tjiymelea;, (96 a) Dap lim- Mezereum . 2. 96 Ord. LXX1X. — Santalacf.a:, (263 a) Thesium linophyllum . 4. 263 Ord. LXXX. — Aristolochie^e,(250o) Aristoiocbia Cletmatitis . 1. 28 Asarum Europasum . 4. 250 Ord. LXXXI. — Empetrfje, (p. 469 a) Empelrum nigrum . 6. 469 Ord. LXXXII. — Eophorbiacea:, (p. 143 a) Mercurialis perennis . 2. 143 Euphorbia helioscopia . 5. 368 Buxus sempervirens . 2. 142 Ord. LXXXIII. — Urtice/E, (p.342 a) Urtica dioica . . 4. 298 Par. etaria officinalis . 3. 224 Humulus Lupulus . 5. 342 Ord. LXXXIV.— Ulmacea:, (p. 386 a) Ulmus montana . 5. 386 Ord. LXXXV. — BETULiNEyE, (326 a ) Betula alba . . 5. 326 Alnus glutinosa . . 3. 193 Ord. LXXXVII.--Cupclifera;.(485 a) Fagus sylvatica . 5. 331 Castanea vesca . . 6. 435 Quereus Robur . 5. 371 Coryllus Avellana . 5. 338 C'arpinus Belulus . 3. 234 Ord. LXXXVI II. — M v rice a;, (489 a) MyricaGale . . 6. 489 Ord. LXXXIX — Coniffr.e, (431 a ) Pinus sylveslris . . 5. 389 Juniperus communis . 6. 431 Taxus baccata . 3. 222 Class II. — Moxocotyi.f.dovl'S. Ord. XC. — A lismacfze, (p. 109 a) Alisma Plantago . 5. 337 Actinocarpus Damasonium 6. 437 Sagittaria sagittilolia . 2. 109 Ord. XCI. — Butome^e, (p. 34 a) Butomus umbellatus . 1. 34 Ord. XCII. — Juncagineas, (p. 60 a ) Triglochin palu^tre . 1. 60 Scheuchzeria palustiis . 6. 503 Ord. XCIII. — Aroidf.i;, (p.510) Arum maculatum . . 4. 261 Acorus Calamus . . 5. 330 Ord. XGIV. — Typhace/e, (p. 276 a) Typha angustifolia . 5. 377 Sparganium simplex . 4. 276 Old. XCV. — PisTiACE-E, (p. 424 a) Lemna minor . 6. 424 Ord. XCV1. — Fm;viales(p. 350 a) Potamogeton natans . 5. 350 Zostera marina . 6. 456 Huppia maritima . 6. 451 Zannichellia palustris . 3. 164 Ord. XCVII. — Smilacex, (474 a) Ruscus aculeatus . 6. 474 Convallaria majalis . 1. 78 Paris quadrifolia . . 1. 6 Ord. XCVIII.— Liliace.*, (p. 1 a) Fritillaria Meleagris . 1. 1 Tulipa sylvestris 1. 2 Lilium Marlagon 6. 501 Ord. XCIX. — Asphodele*, (41 a) Allium ursinum 2. 97 Gagea lutea 1. 41 Ornithogalum umbellatum 2. 124 Scilla bifolia 2. 95 Hyacinthus non scriptus . L 74 Muscari racemosum 2. 92 Anthericum serotinum 6. 464 Asparagus officinalis . 6. 403 Ord. C. — Melanthace^:, (p .227 a) Colchicum autumnale 1. 17 Tofieldia palustiis . 3. 227 INDEX OF THE GENEItA. xxiii vol. plate Ord. Cl. — Rkstiack/e, (p. 465 a) Erioraulon septangulare 6. 465 Ord. CII. — Jvnce;e, (p. 379 o) .1 uncus lampoearpus 5. 399 l.uzula campeslris 5. 379 Narihecium ossilraguro 3. 186 Ord. CIII. — Hyorocharide JE, (441 a) Hydrochaiis Morsus Rana; 6. 441 Stratiotes aloides 6. 413 Ord. CIV. — Orcimoete, (p. 387 a, and 409 a) Goodyera repens 4. 309 Spiramhes autumnalis 1. 63 Listera Nidus-Avis 5. 357 Kpipactis paluslris 4. 317 Corallorrhiza innaia 6. 422 Orchis teplirosanllios 3. 213 Gymnadenia conopsea 6. 409 Peristylus albidus 5. 387 Aceras anthropoplinra 4. 305 lleiminium monorchis • 4. 295 Ophrys apifera 1. 8 Malaxis paludosa 5. 394 Liparis Lasstlii 6. 414 Cypripedium Calceolus . 2. 105 Ord. CV. — IripevE, (p.82 a] Iris Pseud-acorus 2. 82 Trichonema Bulbocodium 3. 202 Crocus nudifloius 2. 137 Ord. CVI. — Amaryi.i.ide/E (55 a) Narcissus Pseudo- naicissus 1. 73 Galanlhus nivalis 1. 33 Leucojum aestivum 1. 55 Ord. CVIX. — Dioscorete, (p. 291) Tamus communis . 4. 291 Ord. CVI1I. — Gramine;e, (p.488 a) Anthoxanthum odoratum 2. 99 Nardus stricta . 4. 300 Alopecurus pratensis . 1. 45 Phalaris Canariensis . 1. 56 A mmophila arundinacea 6. 408 Phleum pratense . 1. 68 Lagurus ovatus . . 4. 256 Milium eflusum vol. plate 4. 247 liastridium lendigerum 6. 444 Slipa pennata 3. 200 Polvpogon IMonspeliensis 3. 208 Oalamsgrosiis Ppigejos . 6. 412 Agrosii, alba 6. 492 Caialuosa aquatica 4. 252 Aira caryophyllea 6. 416 Melica nulans . 2. 144 Holcus lanatus 1. 64 Arrhenaiherum avenaceum 6. 480 Hierochloe borealis 2. 148 Sesleria caerulea . 3. 192 Panicum Crus-galli . 6 462 Setaria verticillala . . 3. 211 Poa annua . 4. 288 ’1 riodia decumbens 6. 488 Briza media . . 2. 104 Dactylis glomerata . 2. 103 Cynosurus cristatus 3. 216 P'esluca pratensis 5. 324 Bromus mollis 5. 348 A vena pubescens 4. 292 Arundo phragmites 5. 372 Elymus Europacus . 6. 496 Hordium murinum 5. 344 Triticum re pens . 2. 112 Bracbypodium pinnatum 6. 448 Lolium perenne 2. 116 Rortbollia incurvata 6. 476 Knappia agrostidea 3. 184 Spartina alternifiora Cynodon dactylon 3. 203 1. 59 Oigitaria sanguinalis . 5. 332 Ord. CIX. — Cy peracetf. (p. 436 a) Cyperus longus . . 6. 452 Cladium mariscus 6. 500 Schoenus nigricans 4. 268 Rhynchospoia alba 5. 396 Scirpus maritimus 4. 264 Blysmus compressus . 4. 308 Eleocharis palustris 6. 436 Eriophorum vaginatum . 6. 427 Elyna caricina 6. 484 Carex recurva 6. 440 ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO THE NATURAL ORDERS. With a reference to the tutmber of the folio where they are described in the body of the work. The a after the number of the folio indicates the second page of the folio. A. Acerinese Alismace® Amavantliaeoa: Amaryllide® Amygdaleae Apocynea Aquifoliace* Araliaee® Aroidesc Aristoloclii® Asphodcle® Balsaminesc Berberide® Betuline® Boragine® Butome® . Callitrichine® Campanulace® Caprifoliaee® Caryophylle® Celastrine® Ceratopliylle® CircRaee® Cistine® Cheuopode® Composit® Conifer® Convolvulace® Crassulace® Crucifer® Cucurbitace® Cupulifer® < Cyperace® Dioscore® Dipsace* Droserace® El®agne® Elatine® Empetre® Erite® Eupborbiace® Fluviales Frankeniace® Fumariace® Gentiane* Geraniaceae Gramine® Grossulace® Halorage® Hydrocharide® Hypericine® Illecebre® Iridc® Juncaginc® Juncc®. • vol. folio 2. 98 a . 2. 109 a , 6. 482 a . 1. 55 a 2. 100 a 2. 158 a 4. 262 a 6. 510 6. 510 , . 4. 250 a I. 41 a B. . 2. 125 a . 2. 115 a . 5. 326 a 2. 102 a 1. 34 a C. 5. 392 a 3. 205 a . 2. 128 a 2. 132 a & 176 a 2. 123 a 4. 260 a 1, . (2nd ed) 9, n. t 5. 393 a 3. 231 a 1. 27 a & 36 a . 6. 431 a 1. (2nd ed.) 18 a . 5. 364 a 1. 38 a . 2. 83 a . 6. 485 a . 6. 436 a D. . 4. 291 a 3. 179 a . 3. 201 a E. 6. 426 a . 6. 510 . 6. 469 a . . 6. 449 a . 2. 143 a F. 3. 350 a . 2. 132 a 3. 190 a G. 5. 400 a . 5. 362 a 6. 488 a . 3. 345 a 11. . 5. 376 a 6. 441 a 1. 180 a I. 2. 155 a . 2. 82 a J. . 1. 60 a 3. 379 a L. Labiat® Leguminos® Lentibulari® Liliacc® Line® . Lobeliace® Loranthe® Lytlirarie® Malvace® Melampyrace® Melanthace® Myrice® Nymph®ace® Oleace® Onagrari® Orchide* . Ovobanche® Oxalide® Papaverace® Pistiace® Plantagine* Plumbagine® Polemoniace® Polygale® Polygone® Pomace® Portulaee® Primulacea Pyrole® Ranunculaces Resedace® Restiace® Rhamue® Rosace® Salicine® Santalace® Saxifrage® Scrophularine® Sclerantlie® Smilace® Solaue® Staphyleace® Stellat® Tamariscine® Tliymela® Tiliaee® Typhace® Ulmace® Umbellifer® Urtice® Vaccine® Valerian!® Verbeuacc® Violaces vol. folio 2. 86 a & 94 a . 6. 495 a . 5. 349 a . 1. 1 a 5. 353 a . 1. 79 a . 1. 40 a 3. 229 a M. . 2. 106 a . 6. 457. n. { . 3. 227 a 6. 489 a N.' 4. 281 & 282 a o. . 2. 119 a 6. 442 a 5. 387 a. & 6. 409 a 5. 381 a . 5. 327 a P. 1. 54 a 6. 424 a 4. 284 a . 3. 183 a , . 2. 149 a . 4. 251 a . 4. 311 a 6. 402 a 3. 196 a . 4. 296 a 3. 239 a R. . 2. 129 a . 1. 15 a . 6. 465 a . 3. 219 a 4. 313 a S. 6. 434 a . 4. 263 a 3. 187 a . 1. 50 a # . 5. 439 a 6. 474 a 5. 321 a .. . 3. 198 a . 2. 135 a T. 6. 481 a . 2. 96 a 4. 293 a . 4. 276 a U. . 5. 386 a . 3. 235 a . 5. 342 a V. . 6. 510 6. 432 a . 6. 510 1. 4 a GENERAL ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF TIIE GENERA, SPECIES, AND SYNONYMS. The names in Capitals are those adopted in this work. — The synonyms are indented. vol. fol. Abama oss'fragum, Gray 3. 186 Absinthium vulgare Ray 5. 339 Acanthium album, Ger. . 4. 273 Aceras ant hropop bora, Br. 3. 305 Acer campestre, b. . 2. 98 Acer minus, Ray . 2. 98 Achillea Ptarmiea, L. . 1. 36 Achillea sylvestris, Gray 1. 36 Achyrophorus radicatus. Sc. 6. 406 Acinos vulgaris, Pers. . 6. 479 Acinos multis, Ray . 6. 479 Thymoides, Moech. 6. 479 Aconitum Napellus, L. 2. 87 Acorus Calamus, L. . 5. 330 Acorus undulatus, Gray 5. 330 AcTiEA spicata, L. 3. 218 Actinocarpus Damasonium, 6. 437 Acynos, Ger. 5. 346 Adonis autumnalis, L. 1. 7 Adoxa moschatellina, L. 1. 42 Adoxa tuberosa, Gray . 1. 42 AJgilops incurvata, L. 6. 476 ASgonychon repens, Gray 4. 301 AScopodium Podagraria, L. 2. 151 .Sgopodium angelic®folium, , 2. 151 AJthusa cynapium, L. 1. 19 3Ethusa Meum, L. 4. 314 TEthusa tenuifolia, Gray 1. 19 Agrifolium, Ger. 4. 262 Agrimonia eupatoria, L. 2. 88 Agrimonia vulgaris, Gray 2. 88 Agrostemma Githago, L. 3. 175 Agrostis alba, L. 6. 492 Agrostis australis, L. 6. 444 capillaris, Leers 6. 4P2 lendigera, DC, 5. 444 linearis, Willd. 1. 59 minima, L. 3. 184 mutabilis, Knapp. 6. 492 panicea, Willd. 3. 208 polymorpha, Huds. ,6. 492 rubra, Huds. 6. 444 stolonifera,t>ar.5'm. 6. 492 tri-aristata, Knap. 3. 208 ventricosa Gouan. 6. 444 Aira caryophyllea, L. 6. 416 Aira aquatica, L. 4. 252 Ajax fenestralis. Gray 1, 73 Ajax festalis, Salts. 1. 73 Ajuga reptans, L. 2. 94 Alciiemilla vulgaris, L. 4. 280 Ai.isma Plantago, L. 5. 337 Alisma Damasonium, L. 6. 437 major, Gray 5. 337 Allium ursinum, L. 2. 97 Alnus glutinosa, Willd. 3. 193 Alnus nigra, S. FranguIa,(?e/\3. 219 Alopecurus pratensis, L. 1. 45 Alopecuros genuina, Mar. 4. 256 aristatus, With. 3. 208 monspeliensis, L. 3. 208 ventricosus,//!er».6. 495 Asi i niobium ebracteatum, DC. 6. 509 Aihamanla Libanotis, L. 6. 455 Meum, L. L. 314 oreoselinum. Huds. 6. 455 Athanasia maritima, L. 6. 499 Atriplex palula, L. 5. 356 Atriplex hastata, Huds. 5. 356 Atropa Belladonna, L. 1. 10 Airopa lethalis, Gray 1. 10 A vena pubescens, L. 4. 292 Avena elatior, L. 6. 480 — latte, Satis. 6. 448 — sesquitertia, L. 4. 292 Azai.fa procumbens, L. n 6. 463 Baccharis monspeliensum, 4. 290 Bali ota nigra, L. 2. 86 Ballote feetida, Gray 2. 86 Baba rea vulgaris, Br. 6. 450 Bnrdana major. Ger. 5. 333 Bardana minor, Ger. . 6. 461 Barkhausia feetida, Lam. 6. 467 Bartsia Odontites, Huds. 3. 223 Bei lis perennis, L. 1. 44 Bennettia alpina, Gray 6. 473 Bi reeris vulgaris, L. 2. 115 Berberis dumetorum, Ray 2. 115 Beta maritima, L. 3. 231 Betonica officinalis, L. . 3. 214 Betouica liirta, Leyss. 3. 214 stricta, Ait. 3. 214 Betcla alba, L. 5. 326 Belula Alnus, L. 3. 193 Betulus sive Oarpinus, Ger. 3. 234 Bidens tripartita, L. 6. 446 Bifolium palustre, Ray 5. 394 Bistorta major, Ray 1. 5 Blackstonia perfoliata, Hud. 1. 69 Blitum rubrum minus, Ger. 6. 482 Blysmus compressus, Lind. 4. 308 Borago officinalis. L. 1. 66 Borago hortensis, Ger. 1. 66 Borkhausia feetida, DC. 6. 467 Borrago officinalis, Gray 1. 66 Bn acuyi’odil'm pmnatum, Be.G. 448 vol. fol. Brassica Rapa, L. . 6. 458 Brassica sphaerorhiza, Gray 6. 458 Briza media, L. . 2. 104 Bromus mollis, L. 5. 348 Bromus hordeaceus, L. 5. 348 Bromus pinnatus, L. . 6. 448 Bromus polymorphus, a. Hu 5. 348 Brunella vulgaris. Gray 1. 67 Bryonia dioica, L. 2. 83 Bryonia alba, Ger. 2. 83 Bryonia nigra. Ger. . 4. 291 Bryonia rurteralis, Gray 2. 83 Buffonia annua, DC. . 2. 152 Buft'onia tenuifolia, L. 2. 152 Buglossa arvensis. Gray 1. 21 Buglossa sempervirens, Gra. 1. 48 Buglossum luteum, Ger. 4. 270 Bugtila reptans. Gray 2. 94 Bulbocastanon minus. Ger. 6. 435 Bulbocodinm serotinum, L. 6. 464 Bunias Cakile, L. 4. 258 Bunium flexuosum, With. 6. 435 Bunium bulbocastanum, Lid. 6. 435 Bunium denudalum, DC. 6. 435 Bunium majus, Gouan. 6. 435 Bunium minus, Gray 6. 435 Bupi.furum rotundifolium. L. 1. 13 Bursa Pastoris, Ger. . 3. 191 Bursa pastoris minima, Ger. 6. 423 Butomus umbellatus, L. 1. 34 Buxus sempervirens, L. . C. Cakii.f. maritima, Willd. 2. 142 4. 258 Cakile serapionis, Gcert. 4. 258 Ca r amacrostis Epigejos. Rot. 6. 412 Calami,.grostisarenaria,.Ro 4. 305 . 6. 414 — coiallorrhiza, L. 6. 422 — insectifera, L. 1. 8 — lililolia Huds. 6. 414 — Loeselii, L. 6. 414 — IMonorcliis 1,. 4. 295 — Nidus-Avis, L. 5. 357 — paludosa, L. 5. 394 — palustris, Huds. 5. 394 — spiralis, L. 1. 63 Oplismenus Crus-galli, 6. 462 Orchis tepbrnsanthos, Willd. 3. 213 Orchis albida, Willd. 5. 387 Conopsea, L. 6. 409 macra, Lind.’, addit. at end of vol. 3. militaris, Sm- 3. 213 militaris, e. it. 3. 213 militaris, var. 3. With.'i. 213 vol. fol. 2. 92 2. 120 6. 447 1. 57 6. 510a 3. 204 3. 204 6. 489 6. 489 GENERAL ALPHABETICAL vol. Origanum vulgare, L. 5. Origanum Anglicum, Ger. 5. vulgare, FI. Dan. 5. Ornithocalum umbellatum, 2. Ornithogalum luteum, L. 1. Ornithopodium minimum, 6. minus, Ger. 5. Ornitiiopus perpusillus, L. 5. Ornithopus durus, DC. 6. — — ebracteaius,5m6. exstipulatus, 6. lasvigatus, Sm. 6. nudiflorus, Lag. 6. pygmasus, Dal. 6. Orobanche minor, Willd. 5. Orobanche barbata, Lam. 5. major, Loeft. 3. ramosa, 3- Hud. 5. Orobus tuberosus, L. . 6. Orontium majus, Per. 3. Oxalis aeetosella, L. . 5. Oxalis alba, Ger. . 5. — vulgaris, Gray 5. Oxycoccus palustris, Pers. 6. Oxycoccus vulgaris, Pursh. 6. Oxyria reniformis, Spreng 4. Oxyria acida, Br. . 4. — digyna, DC. . 4. — rotundifolia. Gray 4, Oxytropis campestris, DC. 6. P. Pjeonia corallina, Willd. 3. Paeonia mas, Ger. . 3. officinalis fi.mascula 3. Panax coloni, Ger. . 1. Panicum Crus-galli, L. 6. Panicum Daotylon, Huds. 1. sylvestre, Ger. 6. verticillatum, L. 3. Pa paver somniferum, L. 1. Papaver cambricum, L. 1. sylvestre, Ger. I. Parietaria officinalis, L. 3. Paris quadrifolia, L. . 1. Parnassia palustris, L. 1. Paronychia verticiliata, Lam. 6. vulgaris, Ray 1. Pastinaca saliva, I,. . 3. Pastinaca sylvestris, Huds. 3. fol. 354 354 398 124 41 509 358 358 509 509 509 509 509 509 381 381 381 381 433 169 327 327 327 429 429 311 311 311 311 495 217 217 217 16 462 59 462 211 53 54 53 224 6 70 471 38 172 172 vol. Pliragmites communis, Mac. 5. Physospermum Cornubiense, 6. fol. 372 475 475 3. 205 3. 205 4. 274 4. 270 6. 411 6. 468 6. 411a 6. 411 6. 468 4. 269 3. 209 3. 209 5. 389 3. 225 3. 225 i,3. 212 3. 207 3. 207 a 5. 337 5. 337 3. 207 Phyteuma orbiculare, L. Phyteuma cordata, Senis. Picris Hieracioides, L. Picris echioides, L. Pimpinella Saxilraga, L. Pimpinella dioica. L. dissecta, Sibth. minor. Gray pumila, Jacq. sylvestris, Ger. PlNGUICU LA vulgaris, L. Pinguicula Gesneri, Ray Pinus sylvestris, L. Pisum maritimum, L. Pisum marinum, Ger. Plantaginella palustris, Ray, 3. Plantago major, L. Plantago Paniculata sparsa 3. 207 a aquatica, Ray aquatica major, latifolia, Ger. latifolia minor, 3. 207a pyramidalis. Wi. 3. 207a rosea, Ger. 3. 207 a uniflora, L. 4. 284 Platanthera albida, Lind. 5. 387 Pneumonanthevulgaris, Gr.3. 185 Poa annua, L. . 4. 288 Poa decumbens. With. 6. 488 — dulcis, Salis. . 4. 252 Poeemonium cairuleum, L. 2. 149 Pelemonium vulgare, Gr. 2. 149 Pollichia galeobdolon, Roth. 3. 194 Polycarpon tetraphyllum, L. 2. 155 Polycarpon tetraphyllon, Gr.2. 155 Polygala vulgaris, L. 4. 251 Polygala repens, Ger. 6. 471 Polygonum Bistorta, L. 1. 5 Polygonum serpillifolium, 2. 132 Polypocon monspeliensis, 3. 208 Populus nigra, L. . 6. 506 Portula palustris. Gray 3. 220 I'olamogeiton latifolium, 5. 350 Potamogeton natans, L. 5. 350 Folamogiton natans, Gray 5. 350 rotundifohum, 5. 350 Pecten veneris, Ger. 4. 272 Potentilla rupestris, L. 4. 313 Pedicularis sylvatica, L. 4. 266 Potentilla Comarum, Nest. 3. 197 Pedicularia sylvatica, Ger. 4. 266 officinalis, Gr. 5. 341 Pentaphyllum Iragiferum, 4. 313 palustris. Scop. 3. 197 Feplis portula, L. 3. 220 Tormentilla, Sibt 5. 341 Periclymenum vulgare, Gr. 4. 287 Poterium sanguisorba, L. 6. 438 Peristylus albidus, Lind. 5. 387 Poterium minus, Ray 6. 438 Persicaria siliquosa, Ger. 2. 125 Prenanthes muralis, L. 1. 27 Pi tasites vulgaris, J‘ark. 2. 139 Primula veris, L. 2. 89 Petroselinum segeium, Koch. 5. 360 Primula officinalis, Curt. 2. 89 Pf.uoedanum officinale, L. 6. 419 Prunella vulgaris, L. 1. 67 Peucedanum Ostruthium, 5. 370 Prunus cerasus, L. 2. 100 puinilum, Ger. 6. 468 Prunus avium, L. 2. 100 Silaus, L. 6. 404 Psamma arenaria, Roem. 6. 408 Phalangium serotinum, Lam.6. 464 Pseudorchis Loeselii, Gr. 6. 414 Piialaris Canariensis, L. 1. 56 Pseudospermumcommutatum,6. 475 Phleum pratense, L. 1. 68 Pulic ahia dysenterica, Gr. 3. 170 phleum ciinitum, Shreb. 3. 208 Fui.monaria officinalis, L. 2. 102 cristatum, Scop. 3. 216 Pulmouaria maculosa, Ger. o. 102 INDEX OF THE GENERA, ETC. vol. Pyrethrum Parthenium, 1. Pyrola minor, L. . 3. Pyrola rosea, Engl. Bot. 3. Pyrus torminalis, Sm. . 2. Q. Quercus Robur, L. . 5. Quercus foemina, With. 5. — latifolia, Ray 5. — longaava, Or. 5. — pedunculata, Willd. 5. — vulgaris, Ger. 5. R. Radiola Millegrana, Sm. 3. Radiola linoides, Gmel. 3. Ranunculus aeris, L. 4. Ranunculus globosus, Ger. 4. Raphanislrum vulgare, Gr. 5. Rapiianus Raphanislrum, L. 5. Raphanus sylvestris, Ger. 5. Rapum majus, Ger. • 6. Rapunculus orbicularis, Sco. 3. 1. 1. 1. 3. 3. 6 4. 4. 4. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 4. 2. 5. 5. 5. 6. Reseda lutea, L. Reseda Plinii, Ger. — vulgaris Ray Rhamnus Frangula, L. Rhamnus alnoides, Gray — secundus, Ger. Rheum digynum, Wahl. Rhinantiius Crista-Galli, L. Rhinanihus glaber, Gr. Rhodiola rosea, L. Rhodia radix, Ger. Rhynchospora alba, Vahl. Rides rubrum, L. Rosa arvensis, L. . Rosa repens, Jacq. Rottbollia incurvata, L. Ruria peregrina, L. Rubus fiuticosus, L. Rubus al.ruptus, Lind. Rubus discolor, Lind. Rumex obtusifolms. L. fob 20 239 239 111 371 371 371 371 371 371 188 188 302 241 359 359 359 458 205 15 15 15 219 219 426 311 259 259 391 391 396 345 325 325 476 135 334 334 334 454 Sambucus humilis, Gray 2. 122 Samolus valerandi, L. 1. 11 Sanguisorba officinalis, L. 4. 269 Sanicula Europaea, L. 3. 235 Sanicula, sive Diapensia, 3. 235 Santolina maritima, Hud. 6. 499 Saponaria officinalis, L. 1. 37 Satyrium abortivum, Ger. albidum, L. repens, L. Saussurea alpina, DC. Saxifraca aizoides, L. Saxifraga aurea, Ray vol. 4. 5. 4. 6. 3. 2. aulumnalis, Hud. 3- Scabiosa succisa, L. . 4. Scabiosa, arvensis, L. 3. minima hirsuta 5. Scandix Pecten-veneris, L. 4. Scandix nutans, Mcench. 6. odorala, L. . 5. Pecten, Jacq. 4. temula, Roth. 6. vulgaris, Gray 4. Schedonorus pratensis, Gray 6. Scheuchzeria paluslris, L. 6. ScniENUs nigricans, L. . 4. Schoenus albus, L. . 5. compressus, . 4. IVlariscus, L. 6. monoicus, Sm. 6. Scilla bifolia, L. . 2. Scilla non scripta, Hojfm. 1. — nutans, Sm. . 1. Satires maritimus, L. 4. Scirpus compressus, Pers. 4. caricinus, Schred. 4. caricis, Retz. 4. palustris, L. 6. tuberosus, Desf. 4. Sclarea pratensis, Gray 1. Scleranthus annuus, L. 6. Serofularia nodosa. Gray 5. Sciiophularia nodosa, L. 5. Scrophularia major, Ger. 5. Scorodonia solitaria, Gray 1. SctJTELARiA galericulata, L. 1. Sedum acre, L. . 5. Sedum dioicum. Gray 5. Rhodiola, Lind. 5. fob 357 387 309 473 187 140 187 277 179 373 272 483 374 272 483 272 324 503 268 396 308 500 484 95 74 74 264 308 308 308 436 264 65 439 385 385 385 22 12 364 391 391 Rumex digynus. L. 4. 311 tectorum, Scop. 6. 401 Ruppia maritima, L. 6. 451 Selinum sii folii, Ger. 5. 360 Ruscus aculeatus, L. 6. 474 Semper vivum tectorum, L. 6. 401 Sempervivum majus, Ger. 6. 401 S. Senebiera Coronopus, DC. 4. 320 Sagina procumbens, L. 3. 199 Sknecio squalidus, L. 1. 52 Sagina erecta, L. . 6. 460 Senecio Chrysanthemifolius 1. 52 spergula, Ger. 5. 388 Serapias longifolia, L. 4. 317 Sagittaria sagittifolia, L. 2. 109 palustris, Scop. 4. 317 Sagittaria aquatica, Gray 2. 109 Serpyllum vulgare, Ray 2. 127 Salicornia herbacea, L. 4. 307 Serratula tinctoria, L. 3. 174 Salicornia annua, Sm. 4. 307 Serratula alpina, L. 6. 473 Europaea, a. Huds.4. 307 Sfseli Libanolis, Koch. 6. 455 Saux purpurea, L. 6. 434 Seseli Araomum, Scop. 6. 407 Salix monandra, Curt. 6. 434 — creticum majus, Ger. 6. 443 Sai.sola Kali, L. 4. 255 — pumilum, L. 6. 468 Salsola decumbens. Gray 4. 255 Sesleria casrulea, Sm. 3. 192 Salvia pratensis, L. 1. 65 Setaria verticil 1 a ta , Beauv. 3. 211 Sambucus Ebulus, L. 2. 122 Sherardia arvensis, L. 4. 244 Sibbaldia procumbens, L. 6. 470 Sibtuorpia Euiopaea, L. 3. 215 Sibthorpia prostrata, Salis. 3. 215 Silaus pratensis, Besser. 6. 404 Silene aameria, L. . 2. 120 Silene baccifera. With. 6. 507 — fissa, Salis. . 6. 507 sxxir GENERAL ALPHABETICAL INDEX, ETC. vol. fob Silene latifolia. Gray 2. 120 Sin apis nigra, L. 5. 336 Sison Amomum, L. 6. 407 — segelum, L. 5. 360 Sisymbrium Irio, L. 2. 146 Sisymbrium hirsutum, Ray 5. 398 latifolium, Gr. 2. 146 Nasturtium, L. 4. 271 Sium latifolium, L. 4. 319 Sium aromaticum, Lam. 6. 407 — majus latifolium, Ger. 4. 319 — nodiflorum, L. 6. 415 — Silaus, Roth. 6. 404 — segetum, DC. 5. 360 — umbel latum repens. 6. 415 Smyrnium Olusatium, L. 3. 195 Smyrnium vulgare. Gray 3. 195 Soi anum Dulcamara, L. 2. 110 Solanum lethale, Ger. 1. 10 Soi.idago virgaurea, L. 3. 238 Solidago vulgaris, Gray 3. 238 Soxcnus oleraceus, L. 2. 147 Sonchus Isvis, iJoy . 2. 147 Sorbus torminalis, Ger. 2. Ill Spahcanium simplex, Huds. 4. 276 Spargamum erectum, (8. L. 4. 276 latifolium, Ger. 4. 276 Spartina alterniflora, Lois. 3. 203 Spartina glabra, Miihl. 3. 203 laevigata, Link. 3. 203 Spartina strieta, Sm. . 3. 203a Spartium scoparium, L. 1. 77 Spartum A uglieanum, Ger. 6. 408 Austriacum, Ger. 3. 200 Speiigui.a arvensis, L. 5. 388 Speigularia arvensis, Don 5. 388 Spbomlylium vulgare, Gr. 2. 130 Spir.ea Filipendula. L. 2. 133 Spiraea vulgaris. Gray 2. 133 Spin anthes autumnalis, Rich. 1 • 63 Stachys palustris. L. . 1. 16 Stachys Betonica, Benth. 3. 214 Staph vi.ea pinnata, L. 3. 198 Staphylodendron, Ray 3. 193 St at ice Limonium, L. 3. 183 Stei.laria nemorum, L. 2. 154 Stellaria arvensis, Gray 4. 286 Sttpa pennata, L. . 3 200 Stramonium foetidum, Gray2. 121 spinosum, Ger. 2. 121 Stratiotes aloides, L. 6. 413 Subularja aquatica, L. 6. 428 Succisa Fucbsii, Gray 4. 277 Swertia perennis, L. . 6. 498 Symphytum officinale, 2. 101 Symphytum magnum, Ray 2. 101 Tamarix gallica, L. . 6. 481 Tamariscus narbonensis,(7er.6. 481 Tamos communis, L. . 4. 291 Tanaceicm vulgare, L. 1. 24 Taraxacum officinale, Gray 3. 163 Taxis baccata, L. . 3. 222 Teesdalia nudicaulis, Br. 6. 423 Teesdalia lberis, l)C. 6. 423 irreuularis, Gray 6. 423 Tecchum scorr.donia, L. 1. 22 TOl. fol. Tiiauctrum flavum, L. . 4 254 Thalictrum nigricans, Jacq. 4. 254 pratense, L. 4. ‘254 Thesium linophvllum, L. 4. 263 Thlaspi perfoliatum, L. 3. 240 '1 hlapsi alpestre, Huds. 3. 240 amarum, Ger. 5. 351 Bursa-Pastnris, L, 3. 191 narbonetrse Lobelii 5. 355 nudicaulis, DC. 6. 423 rotundifolium. Ger. 3. 240 cuneatum. Gray 3. 191 Thrica hirta, Gray 5. 323 Tiirinchia hirta, Willd. 5. 323 Thrincia hispida, Mucr. 4. 318 Thymus serpyllum, I„ 2. 127 Thymus Acinos, L. 6. 479 Nepeta, Sm. 6. 486 Tilia Fluropaea, L. 4. 293 Tilia loemina, Ger. 4. 293 — intermedia, DC. 4. 293 — piatyphylla. Gray 4. 293 Tili.*a museosa, L. 5. 380 Tithymalus helioscopius. 5. 368 Tofiei dia palustris, Iluds. 3. 227 Tofieldia borealis, Wahl. 3. 227 Tordyi.ium maximum, Tour. 6. 443 Tordylium Antluiscus, L. 5. 347 To n i cis Anthriscus, Gcert. 5. 347 Torilis rubella, Gray 5. 347 Torment ii.i.a officinalis, Sm. 5. 341 Tormentilla, Ger. 5. 341 ereeta, L. 5. 341 Trachynotia alterniflora. 3. 203 Tragopogon pratensis, Willd. 5. 390 Tragopogon luteum, Ger. 5. 390 pratense, L. 5. 390 Trasus glaucus. Gray 6. 440 Trichonema Bulbocodium 3. 202 Trichonema parviflorum.Gr 3. 202 Trientalis Europreus. L. 5. 343 Trifouum pratense, L. 4. 283 Tiifolium Burgundiacum, 5. 329 Melilotus off. L. 5. 363 officinale, Willd. 5. 363 paludosum, Ger. 4. 245 siliquosum minus 4. 249 Trigeochin palustie 1. 60 Trimorpha acre, Gray 3. 166 Tiiinia glaheirima, Hoffm. 6. 468 Tiinia vulgaris, DC. 6. 468 Triodia decumbeus, Gray 6. 488 Tripolium vulgare, Ger. 3. 230 Trisetum pubesoens, Pers. 4. 292 Triticum lepens, L. 2. 112 Triticum pinnatum, Moench 6. 448 sylvaticum, Salis. 6. 496 Trollius Euiopmus, L. 4. 241 Tulipa sylvestris, L. Tulipa bononienses, Ger. 1. 2 1. 2 Turrit is glabra, L. 6. 430 Tuiritis major, Ger. 2. 159 Tussilago Farfara, L. 2. 91 Tussilago hybrida, L. 2. 139 Petasites, L. 2. 139 vulgaris, Gray 2. 91 Typha angustifolia, L. 5. 377 INDEX OF THE ENGLISH NAMES. XXXV U. vol. fol. Ulex F.uropaius, L. . 2. 93 Ulmus montana, Bauh. 5. 386 Ulmus campestris, Willd. 5. 386 — effusa, Sibth. . 5. 386 — glabra, Huds. . 5. 386 — nuda, Ehrh. . 5. 386 — scabra, Hunt. 5. 386 Umbilicus pendulinus, DC. 4. 279 Veneiis, Ger. 4. 279 Urtica dioica, L. . 4. 298 Urtica urens, Ger, . 4. 298 Utricularia vulgaris, L. 5. 349 Uva-ursi buxifolia, Gray 6. 502 V. Vaccinia rubra, Ger. 5. 383 palustria, Ger. 6. 429 Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea, L. 5. 383 Vaccinium Cantabricum, 6. 449 oxycoccus, L. 6. 429 Valeriana rubra, L. . 2. 90 Valeriana Grreca, Ger. 2. 149 Valerianella carinata, DC. 6. 432 Vella annua, L. . 6. 420 Verbascum nigrum, L. 2. 85 Verbena officinalis, L. 1. 26 Verbena communis, Ger. 1. 26 vulgaris, Ray 1. 26 Veronica chamaedrys, L. 1. 50 vol. fob Veronica bibarbala, Gray 1. 50 Viburnum Lantana, L. 2. 128 Viburnum farinosum, Gray 2. 128 Vicia sylvatica, I.. . 3. 173 Vicia hirsuia, Ger. . 5. 322 Michelli, DC. . 5. 322 Vilfa alba, Gray . 6. 492 Villarsia nymphceoides, H. 3. 161 Vinca major, L. . 2. 158 Viola canina, L. . 1. 4 Viola lutea, Ger. . 3. 237 — Matronaiis, Ger. 6. 425 — palustris, Ger. 6. 421 Virea hispida, Gray . 4. 318 Virga aurea, Ger. . 3. 238 Viscum album, L. . 1. 40 Vitis-ldae punctifolio, Gray 5. 383 Vulneraria ruslica, Ray 5. 397 VV. Willisellus serpvllifolia, Gr. 6. 487 X. Xanthium sfrumarium, L. 6. 461 Xanthium inerme, Gray 6. 461 Z. Zannichellia palustris, L. 3. 164 Zannichellia dentata, Willd.3. 161a Zeocriton murinum, Gray 5. 344 Zostera marina, L. . 6. 455 INDEX OF THE ENGLISH NAMES. A. vol. fol. Amaranth, Blite vol. 6. fol. 482 Aaron’s Rod . 3. 238 Ancient Rest-Harrow 4. 289 Ach-weed . . 2. 151 Andromeda, Marsh . 5. 361 Acrid Crowfoot 4. 302 Andromeda, Polium-leaved 5. 361 Acrid Lobelia . 1. 79 Angelica, Wild 6. 491 Acrid Stonecrop . 5. 364 Annual Beard-grass 3. 208 Adonis-flower . 1. 7 Annual BufFonia 3. 152 Agrimony, Bastard 6. 446 Annual Cresset . . 6. 420 Agrimony, Common 2. 88 Annual Knawel 6. 439 Agrostis-like Knappia 3. 184 Annual Meadow-grass 4. 288 Aizoon-like Saxifrage . 3. 187 Arbute . . 6. 497 Alder, Berry-bearing 3. 219 Archangel 1. 31 Alder, Black 3. 193 Archangel, Yellow 3. 194 Alder, Buckthorn . 3, 219 Argentine 4. 273 Alder, Common 3. 193 Ar-nut 6. 435 Alehoof 2. 136 Aromatic Orchis 6. 409 Alexanders, Common 3. 195 Arrow-grass, Marsh . Arrow-head, Common 1. 60 Alisander , . 3. 195 2. 109 Alkanet, Evergreen 1. 48 Arum, spotted-leaved . 4. 261 Alleluja 5. 327 Asarabacca, Common 4. 250 All-heal . 1. 16 Ash, Common . 5. 382 All- seed 3. 188 Ash-weed . . 2. 151 All-seed, Four-leaved 2. 155 Ash, Weeping 5. 382 a Aloe-like Water-soldier 6. 413 Ash, The taller 5. 382 Alpine Barrenwort . 1. 47 Asparagus, Common 6. 403 Alpine Saussurea 6. 473 Asphodel, Scottish 3. 227 Alpine Saw-wort 6. 473 Aihamantian Spignel 4. 314 Alternate-flowered Cord-grass 3. 203 Autumn Bellflower . 3. 185 Alyson, Sea 5. 355 Avens, Mountain . 4. 248 Alyssum, Sweet 5. 355 Awl-wort, Water • 6. / 428 XXXVI INDEX OF THE vol. fol. vol. fol. Awned Nit-grass 6. 444 Birthwort, Common 1. 28 Aygreen 6. 401 Bistort, Great 1. 5 B. Biting Stonecrop 5. 364 Bairnwort . . 1. 44 Bitter Candy-tuft 5. 351 Bank-side Reed 5. 372 Bitter Chamomile 5. 335 Bald-money . . 4. 314 Bitter Purple Willow 6. 434 Bane-berry, Black 3. 218 Bitter-sweet 2. 110 Barberry, Common 2. 115 Bitter-Vetch 6. 433 Barebind . . 1. 58 Black A lder 3. 193 Barley-grass, Wood 6. 496 Black Bane-berry 3. 218 Barley, Wall 5. 344 Black-berried Heath 6. 469 Barley, Way-side . 5. 344 Blackberry, Common . 5. 334 Barrenwort, Alpine 1. 47 Black Bog-rush 4. 268 Base Rocket 1. 15 Bryoney, Common 4. 291 Basil Balm 6. 479 Crow-berry 6. 469 Basil, Common Wild 5. 346 Henbane 5. 321 Basil, Stone 5. 346 Horehound 2. 86 Basil-Thyme, Common . 6. 479 Mullein 2. 85 Basil-weed . . 5. 346 Mustard 5. 336 Bast 4. 293 Poplar 6. 506 Bastard Agrimony 6. 446 Salt- wort 4. 246 Balm, Large-flowered 4. 285 Bladder-nut, Common 3. 198 Knot-grass 4. 312 Bladder-wort, Common 5. 349 Pillitory of Spain 5. 370 Blite Amaranth 6. 482 Pimpernel, 4. 296 Bloody Finger-grass 5. 332 Sea-grape 4. 255 Bloody- twig 2. 114a Stone-parsley 6. 407 Blue-ball . . 1. 35 a Toad-flax 4. 263 Blue-bell 1. 61 Batchelor’s Buttons 1. 36 a Blue-blow 1. 35 a Beaked-parsley, Wild 3. 228 Blue-bonnets 1. 35 a Beak-rush, White 5. 396 Blue-caps 3. 179 Bear-berries 6. 502 Blue Chamomile 3. 230 Beard-grass, Annual 3. 208 — Cow-wheat 6. 457 Bear’s-foot, 2. 103. &. 4. 280 — Daisies 3. 230 Bear’s Garlick 2. 97 — Flea-bane 3. 166 Bear-wort 4. 314 — Jacob’s Ladder 2. 149 Bear-whortleberries . 6. 502 — Meadow Crane’s-bill 1. 30 Beech, Common 5. 331 — Moor-grass 3. 192 Beech, Wood , 5. 331 Blunt-leaved Dock 6. 454 Bee Orchis . 1. 8 Blysmus, Compressed 4. 308 Bee Ophrys 1. 8 Bog-asphodel 3. 186 Bee-nettle 1. 75 Bog-bean 4. 245 Bee’s Nest 3. 180 Bog-Orchis, Marsh 5. 394 Beet, Sea 3. 231 Bog-rush, Black 4. 268 Beggar’s Needle 4. 272 , Prickley 6. 500 Bellflower, Autumn 3. 185 , White-headed 5. 396 Bent- grass. White 6. 492 Borage, Common 1. 66 Bent Rottbollia 6. 476 Box Holly 6. 474 Berried Yew 3. 222 Box-tree, Common 2. 142 Berry-bearing Alder 3. 219 Bractless Joint-vetch 6. 509 Campion 6. 507 Bramble, Shrubby 5. 334 duckweed 6. 507 Branched Larkspur 4. 297 Spalling Poppy 6. 507 Brandy Bottles 4. 281 & 2b2 Besom Heath 6. 418 Breaking Buckthorn . 3. 2l9 Betony, Wood 3. 214 Brimstone-wort 6. 419 Bilberry, Red . . 5. 383 Bristle-grass, Rough 3. 211 Bind- weed, Corn 1. 58 whorled 3. 211 Birch, Common 5. 326 Bristly Hawkbit 4. 318 Birch, White 5. '326 Bristly Ox-tongue 4. 270 Bird’s-eye 1. 7a Broad-leaved Blysmus 4- 308 Bird's-foot, Common 5. 358 Bur-weed 6. 461 Smooth 6. 509 Dock 6. 454 Very-small . 5. 358 Kim 5. 386 Bird’s Nest 3. 180 Everlasting Pea 2. 117 Bird’s-nest, Common 5. 357 Garlick 2. 97 Bird’s-nest, Yellow 4. 275 Hedge-Mustard 2. 146 Bird’s-foot Trefoil, Common 4. 249 Hog’s Fennel 5. 370 Horned 4. 249 Pepper-wort 3. 236 ENGLISH NAMES. xxxvii vol. fol. vol. fol. Broad Waler-Plantain 5. 337 Carrot- like Hen’s-foot 6. 459 Broad-leaved Pond-weed 5. 350 Carrot, Wild 3. 180 Sticliwort 2. 154 Case-weed 3. 191 Water-parsnep 4. 319 Castor-weed, Stinking . 6. 468 Wild Pink 4. 299 Catchfly, Common 2. 120 Brome-grass, Pinnated False 6. 448 Cat-mint Balm 6. 486 Brome-rape, Lesser 5. 381 , Common 5. 378 Brome-srass, Soft 5. 348 Cat’s Ear . . 6. 406 Broom, Common 1. 77 — ’s-loot 2. 136 Brownwort . . 5. 385 , Mountain 4. 243 Bryony, Red-berried ; 2. 83 — ’s-milk 5. 368 Buck-bean, Common 4. 245 — ’s-lail 3. 189 Buckbean, Fringed 3. 161 Cat’s-tail Grass, Common 1. 68 Buck’s- beard 5. 390 a Cat’s-tail, Lesser 5. 377 Buckthorn, Breaking 3. 219 Celandine, Common 1. 51 Buddie 4. 3')6 Celery, Wild 2. 156 Buffonia, Annual 2. 152 Centaury, Common 5. 367 Bugle, Common 2. 94 Gentian . 5. 367 Bugloss Langue-de-bceuf 4. 270 Lesser . 5. 367 Bugloss, Small 1. 21 Centory, Marsh . 5. 400 Bulbiferous Toothwort 2. 145 Chaffweed 6. 499 Bulbous Twayblade 6. 414 , Small . 4. 296 Bull Dogs 3. 169 Chamomile, Bitter 5. 335 Bullock’s Eye 6. 401 Blue 3. 230 Bumblckites 5. 334 Stinking 5. 328 Burdock, Common 5. 333 Wild 5. 335 Clotweed 6. 461 Channel-leaved Trichonema 3. 202 Echinospermum 6. 510a Charlock, Jointed 5. 359 Lesser 6. 461 White 5. 359 Burgundy Trefoil 5. 329 Cheese-rennet, True 4. 294 Bur-marigold, 3-lobed 6. 446 Chequered Daffodil 1. I Burnet Blood wort 4. 269 Cherleria, Dwarf 4. 316 Burnet-Saxifrage 6. 411 Sedum-like 4. 316 Dwarf 6. 468 Cherry-tree, Wild 2. 100 Burnet, Wild 4. 269 Ciiesnut 6. 485 Bur-parsley, Small 6. 459 Chestnut, Earth 6. 435 Bur-reed, Unbranched upright 4. 276 Eatable 6. 485 Bur-thistle 6. 410 Chervil, Great 5. 374 Bush -grass 6. 412 Sweet 5. 374 Butcher’s Broom, Common 6. 474 Wild, 3. 228. & 6. 483 Butter-bur, Common 2. 139 Chiccory 6. 417 Butter-cup 4. 302 Chickweed Breakstone 3. 199 Butter Dock 6. 454 Field 4. 286 Butter-flower 4. 302 Fountain 3. 196 Butter-jags 4. 249 Chickweed-like Claytonia 4. 253 Butter-root 3. 209 Chickweed, Mountain 5. 384 Butterwort, Common 3. 209 Star-headed Water5. 392 C. Umbellifer. jagged 4. 299 Calamint, Field 6. 486 Winter-green 5. 343 Calamus Aromaticus 5. 330 Churn-staff 5. 368 Calathian Violet 3. 185 Chrysanthemum, Corn 4. 306 Calves’ Snout 3. 169 Cinque-foil, Purple Marsh 3. 197 Cambridge Rag-wort 3. 206 Rock 4. 313 Cameline, Sweet 5. 355 Scotch 6. 470 Cammock . 4. 289 Upright Bastard 4. 313 Campion, Berry-bearing 6. 507 Cistus, Dwarf 5. 393 Canary-grass, Cultivated 1. 56 Marsh 5. 361 Can-dock . 3. 181 & 182 Claytonia, Chickweed-like 4. 253 Candleberry Myrtle 6. 489 Clear-eye 1. 65 Candy-tuft, Bitter 5. 351 Clod-burr 5. 333 White 5. 351 Close-sciences 6. 425 Caprifoly 4. 287 Clove Hair-grass 6. 416 Caraway, Common 3. 232 Clove Pink . . 2. 81 Carex-like Elyna . 6. 484 Clover, Common Purple 4. 283 Garinated Corn-salad 6. 432 Ilart’s 5. 363 Cailine-thistle, Common 6. 405 Horned 5. 329 Carnation 2. 81 King’s 5. 363 Carpenter’s Herb . i. 67 a Plaster . 5. 363 xxxviii INDEX OF THE rol. fol. vol. fol. Club-rush, Marsh 6. 436 Cotton Groundsel . 6. 467 Sea 4. 264 Cotton-thistle, Common 4. 273 Salt-marsh . 4. 264 White 4. 273 Clown’s Lungwort . 5. 365 Cotton-weed, Mountain 4. 243 ’s Mustard 5. 351 Couch-grass 2. 112 ’s Woundwort 1. 16 Country Pepper 5. 364 Cockle, Corn 3. 175 Cowbane, Poisonous 5. 395 Cock’s-comb 4. 259 Cow bane, Water 5. 395 Cock’s-foot Grass, Rough 2. 108 Cowberries 6. 429 Cock’s-foot, Hairy 5. 332 Cow-berry 3. 197 & 5. 383 Cock’s-foot Panick-grass 6. 462 Cow-parsley, Wild 3. 228 Cock’s-head 2. 134 Cow-parsnep, Common 2. 130 Cock’s-head, Purple 6. 453 Cowslip, Common 2. 89 Col 6. 504 Cow-weed 2. 228 Colt’s-foot, Common 2. 91 Cow-wheat, Blue 6. 457 Columbine, Common 3. 221 Corn-field 6. 457 Comfrey, Common 2. 101 Eyebright 3. 223 Common British Oak 5. 371 Purple 6. 457 Brook-weed 1. 11 Drab-grass 4. 307 Carline 6. 405 Crake-berry 6. 469 Cotiander . 6. 504 Cranberry, Marsh 6. 429 Cranberry 6. 429 Crane’s-bill, Blue Meadow 1. 30 Daisy 1. 44 Cream-coloured Milk-vetch 6. 495 Dock 6. 454 Creeping Dog’s-tooth-grass 1. 59 Evening Primrose 4. 257 Goodyera . 4. 309 ■ Hound’s tongue . 6. 477 Gromwell 4. 301 Juniper . 6. 431 Reed-grass 6. 412 Medlar 6. 493 Satyrion 4. 309 Mudwort . 3. 212 Sibthorpia 3. 215 Reed 5. 372 Spike-rush 6. 436 Rocket 6. 425 Wheat-grass 2. 112 Sea Lavender . 3. 183 Cress, Heath . . 6. 423 Wart-cress 4. 320 Rocket 6. 420 Welsh Poppy 1. 54 , Irish Rush 6. 428 Wild Basil 5. 346 , Shepherd’s 6. 423 Wood -sorrel . 5. 327 , Valencia . . 6. 420 Compound -headed Elyna 6. 484 Crested Dog’s-tail-grass 3. 216 Compressed Blysmus 4. 308 Crocus, Naked-flowered . 2. 137 Coral Poeony . 3. 217 Crop 2. 116 Coral-root 2. 145 Cross-leaved Heath 6. 418 Coral-rooted Twayblade 6. 422 Crow-berry, Black . 6. 469 Cord-grass, Alternate-flowered 3. 203 Crowfoot, Acrid 4. 302 Great Sea 3. 203 Crowfoot, Upright Meadow 4. 302 Many-spiked 3. 203 Crow Needles . 4. 272 Coriander, Common . 6. 504 Crow -toes 4. 249 Corn- Bindweed 1. 58 Cuckoo-bread 5. 327 Corn Blue-bottle 1. 35 Cuckoo-buds 4. 302 a Campion 3. 175 Cuckoo-flower 2. 141 Cockle 3. 175 Cuckow-pint 4. 261 Chrj santhemum 4. 306 Cudweed, Mountain 4. 243 Flag 2. 82 Cudweed, Sea 6. 499 Fever-few 5. 335 Cultivated Camelina 6. 447 flower 1. 35 Cultivated Coriander . 6. 504 Honewort 5. 360 Cultivated Medick 5. 339 Marigold 4. 306 Cultivated Canary-grass 1. 56 Parsley 5. 360 Curled Hawkweed 4. 274 salad, Carinated 6. 432 Currant, Common 5. 345 Spurrey 5. 388 Currant, Red 5. 345 Corn-field Cow-wheat 6. 457 Cut Lettuce 4. 315 Cornel-tree, Wild 2. 114 Cyclamen, Ivy-leaved 6. 505 Cornish Bladder-seed 6. 475 D. • Lovage 6. 475 Daffodil, Common 1. 73 Money-wort 3. 215 Daisies, Blue 3. 230 Penny- wort . 3. 215 Daisy, Common 1. 44 Cornwall Saxifrage 6. 475 Damask Violets 6. 425 Coronilla, Various-flowered 6. 510a Dames’ Violet 6. 425 Cotoneaster, Common 6. 402 Dandelion, Common 3. 163 Cotton-grass, Hare’s-tail 6. 427 Common Rough 4. 318 Sheathed 6. 427 Smaller Rough 5. 323 ENGLISH NAMES. xxxix vol. fol. vol. fol. Danewort . . 2. 122 English Harebell 1. 74 Dark Mullein . . 2. 85 Oak . 5. 371 Deadly Nightshade 1. 10 Saxifrage 6. 404 Dead-nettle, White 1. 31 Wild Marjoram 5. 354 Yellow 3. 194 Entire-leaved Barony 3. 217 Dead Tongue 2. 160 European Chickweed Winter- Decumbent Heath-grass 6. 488 Grass 5. 343 Deficient Hawkbit . 5. 323 Globe-flower 4. 241 Dell Orrach 5. 356 Lime-tree 4. 293 Demersed Horn wort 4. 260 Lyme-grass . 6. 496 Devil’s-bit Scabious 4. 277 Sanicle 3. 235 Devil’s-guts 1. 58 Sibthorpia 3. 215 Dioecious Cudweed . 4. 243 Evening Primrose, Biennial 4. 257 Dioicous Nettle 4. 298 Evening Star 4. 257 Ditch-burr 6. 461 Evergreen Alkanet 1. 48 Dittander 3. 236 Everlasting Pea, Broad-leaved 2. 117 Dock, Butter 6. 454 Eyebright, Common 1. 72 Dock Cress 2. 150 Eyebright, Cow-wheat 3. 223 Dockan 6. 454 a F. Dock-leaved Thistle-gentle 6. 473 Fair Maid of February 1. 33 Dodder, Greater 1. 18 False Plantain 3. 212 Dog-rose, Field 5. 325 Fat-hen 5. 356 Trailing . 5. 325 Feather-Columbine 4. 254 White-flowered 5. 325 Feather-grass, Common 3. 200 Dog’s-berry Tree 2. 114a Female Cornel 2. 114a Dog’s Mercury . 2. 143 Fen-berries . 6. 429 Dog’s-tooth Grass, Creeping 1. 59 Fen Grapes . 6. 429 ■ Crested 3. 216 Fennel, Common . 3. 176 Dog’s Tongue 6. 477 Fennel, Water 5. 392 Dog’s Violet 1. 4 Fescue-grass, Meadow 5. 324 Dog-wood . . 2. 114 Fescue-grass, Spiked Heath 6. 448 Doob-grass 1. 59a Fetid Borkhausia 6. 467 Double-Tooth 6. 446 Feverfew, Common 1. 20 Downy Oat-grass . 4. 292 Feverfew. Corn 5. 335 Drops of blood 1. 7a Field Axe-velt:h 6. 495 Drop-wort, Common 2. 133 Calamint 6. 486 Duck-meat, Common 6. 424 Chickweed . 4, 286 Durva 1. 59a Dog-rose 5. 325 Dutch Agrimony 3. 178 Flea-wort 3. 206 Dutch Myrtle . 6. 489 Knautia 3. 179 Dwale . . 1. 10 Larkspur 4. 297 Dwarf All-seed 3. 188 Madder, Little . 4. 244 Dwarf Bay 2. 96 Scabeous 3. 179 Burnet-saxifrage 6. 468 Sherardia . 4. 244 Cherleria . . 4. 316 Spurrey 5. 388 Cistus 5. 393 W ood-rush 5. 379 Elder 2. 122 Figwort, Great . . 5. 385 Orchis 6. 414 Figwort, Knotted-rooted 5. 385 Red Rattle 4. 266 Filiform Exacum 5. 400 Dyer’s Green- weed 2. 84 Finckle, 3. 176 Dyer’s Woad 3. 210 Finger-grass, Bloody 5. 332 E. Fir, Scotch . . 5. 389 Early Knappia 3. 184 Five-fingered Root 2. 160 Earth Chestnut 6. 435 Flax, Common 5. 353 Earth-gall 4 278 Flax-leaved Bastard l oad-flax 4. 263 Earth-nut, Flexuous 6. 435 Flax-leaved Goldylocks 3. 233 Eatable Strawberry . 4. 242 Flea-bane, Common 3. 170 Echium-like Helmenthia 4. 270 Blue 3. 166 Eight-petalled Dryas 4. 248 G reat 4. 290 Elder, Dwarf . 2. 122 Montpelier 4. 290 ■ Elecampane 4. 265 Samphire-leaved 6. 494 Elm, Broad-leaved 5. 386 Flea-wort, Field 3. 206 , Mountain 5. 386 Flea-wort, Mountain 3. 206 , Scotch 5. 386 Fleur-de-Luce 2. 82 , Wych 5. 386 Flexuous Earth-nut 6. 435 Enchanter's Nightshade, Com. 1. 9 Floating Poud-weed 5. 350 Endive Hawk weed 3. 165 Flos-adonis 1. 7 English Galingalc . 6. 452 Flowering Rush 1. xl INDEX OF THE Flower of Liberty, The . vol, 4. Fly-bane . , 4. Fole’s-foot 4. Fool’s Parsley, Common 1. Fool’s Water-cress 6. Forget-me-not, . 1. 50 a Fountain Chickweed , 3. Four-leaved All-seed . 2. Four-leaved Heath 4. Fox-glove, Purple 2. French Tamarisk 6. French Willow 1. Fresh-water Soldier . 6. Friar’s-cap 2. Fringed Buckbean 3. Fringed Water-lily 3. Fritillary . 1. Frog-bit, Common 6. Frog-grass 4. Fumitory, Common . 4. Fumitory, Solid-rooted 3. Fumus Terra; 4. Furze, Common 2. G. Galingale, English 6. Garden Burnet . 6. Garlick, Bear’s 2. Garnet Berries 5. Gatten-tree . 2. Gatteridge-tree 2. Gaule 6. Gentian, Centaury 5. Marsh, 3. 185 & 6. Spotted 6. Gentianella, Least 5. Germander Speedwell 1. German Goldylocks 3. Knotgrass . 6. Madwort 6. Medlar 6. Prickle-rush . 6. Gill 2. Gilliflowers, Queen’s 6. Hogues . 6. Winter 6. Gilliflower, Hoary 6. Ginger-seeded Stone-parsley 6. Gipsey-wort, Common 3. Glasswort, Herbaceous 4. Jointed 4. Prickly . 4. Glaucous Heath Carex 6. Globe Crowfoot . 4. Globe-flower, European 4. Mountain . 4. Glutinous-leaved Alder 3. Goat’s-beard, Meadow 5. Yellow 5. Golden-knots 2. Golden-rod, Common 3. Golden Samphire 6. Golden Saxifrage, Common 2. Goldins 4. Gold of Pleasure, Common 6. Goldylocks, Flax-leaved 3. German 3. Goodycra, Creeping 4. Gools . • 4. VOi. fol. Goosefoot, Hybrid . 5. 352 Maple-leaved 5. 352 Thorn-apple-leaved 5. 352 Goose-grass, Great . 6. 466 Goose-grass, Yellow . 4. 294 Goose-tongue , 1. 36 Gorse . . 2. 93 Go-to-bed at Noon 5. 390 Gout-weed . 2. 151 Gowans 2. 153 Gowans, Yellow 4. 306 Gowlans 4. 306 Grape Hyacinth, Starch 2. 92 Grass of Parnassus, Common 1. 70 Grasspoly, Purple 3. 229 Grass-wrack, Common . 6. 456 Great Blue-caps 3. 179 Burr . 5. 333 Chervil 5. 374 Figwort 5. 385 Fleabane 4. 290 Goose-grass 6. 466 Gymnadenia 6, 409 Hart-wort 6. 443 Hound’s-tongue . 6, 477 Houseleek 6. 401 Masterwort 5. 370 Nettle . 4. 298 Sanicle 4. 280 Sea Cord-grass 3. 203 Sengreen 6. 401 Snapdragon 3. 169 W ater-parsnep 4. 319 Water-Plantain 5. 337 Water Scorpion-grass 1. 57 1 urkey-pod 2. 159 White Water-lily 3. 181 & 182 Wood Rye-grass 6. 496 Greater Dodder 1. 18 Periwinkle 2. 158 Plantain 3. 207 Toothwort 5. 365 Thrumwort 5. 337 Greeds 6. 424 Greek Valerian 2. 149 Green Crepis 5. 366 Green Man-Orchis 4. 305 Green Musk-Orchis 4. 295 Grey-spiked Orchis 3. 213 Grig 1. 76 Gromwell, Creeping 4. 301 Grom well , Purple-bl ue flo wered4. 301 Ground Furze 4. 289 Ground-Ivy 2. 136 Ground-nut 6. 435 Grove Marjoram 5. 354 Guelder-rose, Mealy 2. 128 Gules 4. 306 H. Hand-Orchis, Whitish 5. 387 Ilair-grass 6. 416 Hairy Cock’s-foot 5. 332 Mint 5. 398 Podded Tare 5. 322 Rupture-wort 4. 304 Sheep’s Scabious 5. 373 Thrincia 5. 323 Hardbeam 3. 234 . fol. 245a . 290a , 250 19 415 & 57 196 155 418 . 113 481 14 413 87 161 161 1 441 307 278 190 278 93 452 438 97 345 114a 123 489 367 498 498 400 50 233 439 466 493 500 136 425 425 425 445 407 167 307 307 255 440 241 241 241 193 390 390 153 238 494 140 306 447 233 233 309 306 ENGLISH NAMES. xli vol. fol. vol. fol. Harebell, English 1. 74 Hoary Gillyflower 6. 445 Hare’s-ear 1. 13 Hoary Stock 6. 445 Hareslrong . 6. 419 Hog-bean 5. 321 JIare’s-tail Cotton-grass 6. 427 Hog’s Bristles 4. 300 a Hare’s-tail-grass, Ovate 4. 256 Hog’s Fennel 6. 419 Hart’s Clover 5. 363 Hog's Fennel, Broad-leaved 5. 370 Hart-wort, Great 6. 443 Hog-weed 2. 130 Harvest Hells 3. 185 Holly, Common 4. 262 Ilawkbit, Bristly 4. 318 Holme . 4. 262 Deficient 5. 323 Holy-grass, Northern 2. 148 Rough 4. 318 Holy Rose, Marsh 5. 361 Hawk-nut 6. 435 Homlock 4. 303 Hawk’s Beard, Smooth 5. 366 Honewort, Corn 5. 360 Stinking 6. 467 Honewort, Smooth 6. 468 Hawkweed-like Ox-tongue 4. 274 Honeysuckle, Common 4. 287 Hawkweed, Succory 5. 366 Honeysuckle Trefoil 4. 233 Umbelled 3. 165 Hooded Milfoil 5. 349 Yellow-Succory 4. 274 Hooded Willow-herb 1. 12 Hawthorn 2. 118 Hook-heal 1. 67 a Hazel-nut, Common 5. 338 Hop, Common 5. 342 Hazelwort 4. 250 Horehound 3. 167 Hazel, Wych 5. 386 Black 2. 86 Heart-leaved Leopaid’s-bane 2. 157 Common 3. 171 Heath-bell 1. 61 Hornbeam, Common 3. 234 Heath Cress 6. 423 Hornbeech 3. 234 Heath, Cross-leaved 6. 418 Horned Bird’s-foot Trefoil 4. 249 Heather 1. 76 Horned Clover 5. 329 Heath Gardrobe 6. 449 Horned Pondweed, Common 3. 164 Heath-grass, Decumbent 6. 488 Horned Poppy, Yellow 2. 131 Heath, Irish 6. 449 Horned Rampion 3. 205 Heath Mat-weed 4. 300 Hornwort, Common 4. 260 Heath Pea 6. 433 Hornwort, Demersed 4. 260 Heath Peaseling 6. 433 Horse-heal 4. 265 Heath Sedge . . 6. 440 Horsestrong 6. 419 Hedge-bells 1. 58 Hound’s Berry-tree 2. 114a Hedge Honewort 6. 407 Hound’s-tongue, Common 6. 477 Hyssop 2. 251 Great 6. 477 Mustard, Broad-leaved 2. 146 Hound's Tree 2. 114a Mustard, Winter 6. 450 Houseleek, Common 6. 401 Parsley, Red 5. 347 Great . 6. 401 Parsley, Upright 5. 347 Roof 6. 401 Reed 5. 372 Ilulfere 4. 262 Helleborine, Marsh 4. 317 Ilulver 4. 262 Hellweed 1. 18 Hurr-burr 5. 333 Helme . 6. 408 Hurt-sickle 1. 35a Helmet-flower 2. 87 Hybrid Goosefoot 5. 352 Hemlock, Common 4. 303 I. Lesser . 1. 19 Inelegant Ragwort 1. 52 Spotted 4. 303 Innate Coral-root 6. 422 YVater-dropwort 2. 160 Intoxicating Cow-parsley 6. 483 Hemp-agrimony, Common 2. 178 Irish Heath 6. 449 Hemp-nettle, Large-floweted 1. 75 Menziesia 6. 449 Henbane, Black 5. 321 Rush Cress 6. 428 Common 5. 321 Whorts 6. 449 Ilenbit 2. 86 Isnardia, Marsh 6. 442 Hen-penny 4. 259 a Ivy, Common 1. 32 llen’s-foot, Carrot-like 6. 459 Ivy-leaved Cyclamen 6. 505 Herbaceous Glasswort 4. 307 Wall-lettuce 1. 27 Herb Bennet 4. 303 Toadflax 1. 23 Carpenter 2. 94 .1. Christopher 3. 170 & 218 Jack of the Buttery 5. 364 Eve 4. 320 Jacob’s Ladder, Blue 3. 149 Gerarde 2. 151 Jerusalem Cowslips 2. 102 Ivy 4. 320 Job’s Tears 3. 170a Paris 1. 6 Jointed Charlock 5. 359 St. Barbara 6. 450 Glasswort 4. 307 Heron’s-bill, Musky 5. 362 Pipewort 6. 465 Ilip-wort . 4. 279 Jointed-vetch, Bractless 6. 509 xlii INDEX OF TIIE vol. fol.) vol. fol. Joseph’s Flower 5. 390 Lettuce, Strong-scented 4. 315 Juniper, Common 6. 431 Lichwale 4. 301 Jupiter’s Beard 6. 401 Lily, Martagon . 6. 501 Jupiter’s Eye 6. 401 Lily of the Valley 1. 78 Jur-nut 6. 435 Lily, Turk’s-cap 6. 501 K. Lime-tree, Common 4. 293 Keeled-fruited Fedia 6. 432 European 4 293 Kernelwort 5. 385 Limewort 2. 120 Kex 4, 303 Linnaea, Northern 5. 340 Kidney-shaped leaved Mountain Linnaea, Two-flowered 5. 340 Sorrel 4. 311 Linden-tree 4. 293 Kidney-vetch, Common 5. 397 Ling, Common 1. 76 Kidney-wort . . 3. 279 Linseed 5. 353 King-cut 4. 302 Lint 5. 353 King’s Clover 5. 363 Lintseed 5. 353 Knapweed 1. 35 Lion’s-foot 4. 280 Knee Holme 6. 474 Lion’s-paw 4. 280 Holly 6. 474 Lion’s-tail 2. 126 Hulver 6. 474 Liparis Loesel’s 6. 414 Knolles 6. 4-58 Little Field-madder 4. 244 Knot-grass, Bastard 4. 312 Little-good 5. 368 — — Newton’s 4. 246 Little Lungwort 6. 422 Whorled 6. 471 Spurwort 4. 244 Knolted-rooted Figwort 5- 385 Sun-flower 5. 393 1,. Lobelia, Acrid . 1. 79 Ladder to Heaven 2. 149 Lobel’s Catchfly 2. 120 Ladies’ Bed-straw 4. 294 Lob-grass 5. 348 Ladies’ Fingers 5. 397 Locker-gowlands 4. 241 Lady’s Hair . . 2. 104 Lock Reed 5. 372 Ladies’ Smock, Common 2. 141 London Rocket 2. 146 Ladies’ Traces 1. 63 Long Bastard Cyperus 6. 500 Ladies’ Tresses 1. 63 Long Cyperus 6. 452 Lady’s Fingers 4. 249 Long-leaved Watercress 5. 395 Mantle, Common 4. 280 Long-leaved Water Hemlock 5. 395 Seal 4. 291 Long lived Oak 5. 371 Slipper, Common 2. 105 Long-podded Tower-mustard 6. 430 Lake Shore-weed 4. 284 Long-rooted Cat’s Tongue 6. 406 Lancashire Bog-asphodel 3. 186 Loose Panick-grass 6. 462 Lambs’ Lettuce 6. 432 Loosestrife, Spiked Purple 3. 229 Lambs-quarters 5. 356 Loosestrife, Wood 4. 310 Lamb-toe 5. 397 Lords and Ladies 4. 261 Lapland Hair 4. 300a Louse-burr 6. 461 Large-flowered Hemp-nettle 1. 75 Lousewort, Pasture 4. 266 Lark’s Claw 4. 297 Lousewort, Wood 4. 266 Lark’s Heel 4. 297 Lovage, Cornish 5. 475 Larkspur, Branched 4. 297 Lovage, Scotch 6. 472 Larkspur, Field . 4. 29? Lucerne, Purple 5. 329 Late Spiderwort 6. 464 Lujula 5. 327 Least Anise . 6. 468 Lungflower, Common 3. 185 Gentianella 5. 400 Lungwort, Clown’s 5. 365 Mouse-tail 3. 204 Lungwort, Common 2. 102 Rupture-wort : 3. 188 Lungwort, Little 6. 422 Stitchwort 6. 460 Lyme-grass, W ood 6. 496 Ledum, Marsh 6. 508 Lyne 5. 353 Lentil-grass 6. 444 M. Leopard’s-bane, Great 2. 157 Madder, Wild 2. 135 Heart-leaved 2. 157 Madnep, 2. 130 Lesser Brome-rape . 5. 381 Madwort, Large-calyxed 6. 510a Burdock 6. 461 Madwort, Procumbent 6. 466 Calamint 6. 486 Maid’s Hair 4. 294 Cat’s-tail 5. 377 Mallow, Musk 1. 25 Centaury 5. 367 Man-bearing Aceras 4. 305 Duck-weed 6. 424 Man-Orchis, Green 4. 305 Hemlock 1. 19 Maple Blite 5. 352 Jointed Rush . 5. 399 Maple, Common 2. 98 Water-lily 6. 441 Maple-leaved Goosefoot 5. 352 Winter-green 3. 239 Mare-blobs 2. 153 Lettuce, Cut 4. 315 Mare’s Tail, Common 1. 49 ENGLISH NAMES, xliii vol. fol. TOl. fol. Marguerite 1. 44a Medlar, Quince-leaved 6. 402 Marigold, Corn 4. .306 Melic grass, Mountain 2. 144 Marjorum Common 5. 354 Melilot, Common Yellow 5. 363 Marjoram, Grove 5. 354 , Officinal 5. 363 Marl Grass 4. 283 Melissa leaved Bastard Balm 4. 285 Marram 6. 408 Mercury, D g's 2. 143 Marrhe 5. 374 , Perennial 2. la3 Marsh Andromeda 5. 361 Meu 4. 314 Arrow-grass 1 60 Mezereoti, Common 2. 96 Bent-grass 6. 492 Mignonette, Wild 1. 15 Bog-tircliis 5. 394 Milfoil, Hooded D. 349 Cenlory 5. 400 Milk Vetch 6 453 Cistus 5. 361 Milk-vetch, Field 6. 495 Club-rush 6. 436 Milkwort, Common 4 251 Cranberry . 6. 429 I’u pie > 6. 453 Felwort 6. 498 Whorled (beeping 6. 471 Gentian, 3. 185 & 6. 498 Millet-grass 4. 247 Helleborine 4. 317 Mint, Hairy 5. 398 Holy Rose 5. 361 Mint, Water 5. 398 Isnardia . 6. 442 Missel 1. 40 Ledum 6. 508 Misseltoe, Common 1. 40 Marshloeks, Purple 3. 197 Moneywort, Cornish 3. 215 Marsh Malaxis 5. 394 Money wort, W ood 4. 310 Mallow, Common 3. 226 Monkey Orchis 3. 213 Marigold, Common 2. 153 Monk’s-hood 2. 87 Mouse-ear . 1. 57 Montpelier Fleabane 4. 290 Ophrys 5. 394 Moor Berries 6. 429 Penny- wort 3. 168 Moor-grass 3. 201 Samphire 4. 307 Moorwort 5. 361 Scheuchzeria 6. 503 Moschata 5. 362 Spike-rush 6. 436 Moss Berries 6. 429 Tofieldia 3. 227 Moss Crops 6. 427 Trefoil 4. 245 Mossy Cyphel . 4. 316 Twayblade 5. 394 Mossy Red-shanks 5. 380 Whortleberry 6. 429 Mossy Tillaea 5. 380 Wild P.osmary . 6. 508 Mother of Thyme 2. 127 Marsh-wort, Knot-flowered 6. 415 Motherwort, Common 2. 126 Marshworts 6. 429 Mountain Avens 4. 248 Martagon Lily 6. 501 Cat’s-foot 4. 243 Masterwort, Great 5. 370 Chickweed 5. 384 Sparrow 5. 370 Cotton-weed 4. 243 Wild 2. 151 Cudweed 4. 243 Mat-grass, Common 4. 300 Elm . . 5. 386 Stiff 4. 300 Flea- wort 3. 206 Mather 5. 328 Globe-flower 4. 241 Mat-weed, Heath 4. 3U0 .lastone 5. 373 Small 4. 300 Meadow-Saxifrage 6. 455 Maw -seed 1. 53a Melic-grass 2. 144 May 2. 118 Mtlk-veich 6. 495 May Lily 1. 78 Rose-root 5. 391 May-weed, Stinking . 5. 328 Sheep’s Scabious 5. 373 Meadow-bouts 2. 153 Snowdrop 1. 55 Meadow Clary 1. 65 Spider- wort 6. 464 Fescue-grass 5. 324 Spignel 6. 455 Fox-tail-grass 1. 45 Stone-parsley 6. 455 Grass, Annual 4. 288 Mouse Barley 5. 344 Goat’s-beard 5. 390 Mouse-tail 5. 364 Ladies-smock 2. 141 Mouse-tail, Least 3. 204 Lychnis 1. 71 Mudwort, Water 3. 212 Rue, Yellow-rooted 4. 254 Mullein, Black 2. 85 Saffron, Common 1. 17 Muscovy 5. 362 Sage 1. 65 Musk Crowfoot 1. 42a Soft- grass 1. 64 — Mallow 1. 25 Sulphur-wort 6. 404 — Orchis, Green 4 295 Trefoil 4. 283 — Orchis, One-tubercled 4. 295 Meal -berry 6. 502 — Thistle 3. 177 Mealy Guelder-rose 2. 128 Musky Heron’s-bill 5 362 Medlar, Common 6. 493 Musky Stork’s-bill £ 5 362 xliv INDEX OF TIIE vol. fol. rol. fol. Mustard, Black 5. 330 P. Mustard, Common 5. 336 P.eony, Coral 3. 217 Myrtle, Dutch 6. 489 Paigle . . 2. 89 . Flag 5. 330 Painted Cup . . 3. 223 , Wild 6. 474 Panick-grass, Cock’s-foot 6. 462 N. Panick Millet-grass 6. 444 Nailwort 1. 38 Park Leaves . . 1. 39 Naked-stalked I'eesdalia O'. 423 Parsley, Corn . . 5. 360 Naked Lady 1. 17 Piert , 6. 439 Narrow-leaved Hawkweed 3. 165 Scotch . 6. 472 Narrow-leaved Heed-mace 5. 377 Sea 6. 472 Narrow-lipped Military Orchis 3. 213 Smallage . 2. 156 Naval Oak 5. 371 ParsDep, Common 3. 172 Navel-wort, Common 4. 279 Parsnep, Wild . 3. 172 Needle Chervil 4. 272 Pasture Lousewort 4. 266 Nep 5. 378 Pearl Plant . . 4. 301 Nettle, Great 4. 298 Pearlwort, Procumbent 3. 199 Net-wort 0. 465 Pearhvort, Upright 6. 460 Newton’s Knotgrass . 4. 246 Pedunculated British Oak 5. 371 Nigella, Wild 3. 175 I'ellitory of Spain, Bastard 5. 370 Nighishade, Woody . 2. 110 Pellitory of the Wall, Common 3. 224 Nipple-wort, Common 2. 150 Penny-cress, Perfoliate 3. 240 Nit-grass, Awned 6. 444 Penny-grass 4. 259 Nodding Thistle 3. 177 Penny-wort, Cornish 3. 215 Noon-tide . . 5. 390 Marsh 3. 168 Northern Holy-grass 2. 148 Wall 4. 279 Northern Linnaea 5. 340 Pepper- Saxifrage 6. 404 Nut, St. Antony's 3. 198 Pepper-wort, Broad-leaved 3. 236 Nymphaea-like Villarsia 3. 161 Perfoliate Penny-cress 3. 240 O. Shepherd’s Purse 3. 240 Oak, Common British 5. 371 Yellow- wort i: 69 English 5. 371 Perennial Darnel 2. 116 Longlived . 5. 371 Mercury . 2. 143 Naval 5. 371 Swertia 6. 498 Pedunculated British 5. 371 Periwinkle, Greater o. 158 Oat-grass 5. 348 Persian Willow L 14 Oat-grass, Downy 4. 292 Pestilent-wort 2. 139 Oat-like Dog-grass 6. 480 Petty Colton 6. 499 Oat-like Soft-grass 6. 480 Petty Muguet 4. 294 Officinal Fumitory 4. 278 Petty Whin 4. 289 Great Burnet 4. 265 Pheasant’s-eye 1. 7 Melilot 5. 363 Pick-needle 5. 362 Nasturtium 4. 271 Pick-purse 3. 191 & 5. 388 Scurvy-grass . 5. 375 Pig-nut 6. 435 Tormenttl 5. 341 Pimpernel, Bastaid 4. 296 Old English Poplar . 6. 506 Scarlet 1. 29 Old Man’s Beard 2. 129 Yellow . 4. 310 One-berry 1. 6 Pine-sap. Yellow 4. 275 One-tubercled Musk-Orchis 4. 295 Pine, Scotch 5. 389 Ophrys, Marsh 5. 394 Pine-tree, Wild 5. 389 Orach, Common Wild 5. 356 Pine, Wood 5. 389 Orchard Grass 2. 108 Pink, Clove 2. 81 Orchis, Aromatic 6. 409 Pinnated False Brome-grass 6. 448 Bee 1. 8 Pinnated-leaved Bladder-nut 3. 198 Dwarf 6. 414 Pipewort, Seven-angled 6. 465 Grey-spiked 3. 213 Pipperidge-bush 2. 115 Monkey 3. 213 l’istacia, Wild . . 3. 198 Red Handed 6. 409 I’lanta Genista 1. 77a White Cluster-rooted 5. 387 Plantain, False 3. 212 Organy, Common 5. 354 Greater 3. 207 Our Lady’s Comb 4. 272 Mudweed . 3. 212 Ovate Hare’s-tail-grass 5. 256 Shore- weed 4. 284 Owler . , 3. 193 Plaster Clover 5. 363 Ox-eye, Yellow 4. 306 Pliant Mealy-tree 2. 128 Oxford- weed 1. 23 Ploughman’s Spikenard, Hough 4. 290 Ox-tongue, Bristly 4. 270 Poisonous Cowbane 5. 395 Ox-tongue, Ilawkweed-like 4. 274 Pond-weed, Broad-leaved 5. 350 ENGLISH NAMES. xlv vol. fol. vol. Pond-weed, Floating 5. 350 lied Bear-berry 6. Sharp-fruited 5. 350 berried Bryony 2. Tassel 6. 451 berried Trailing Aibutus 6. Folium-leaved Andromeda 5. 361 — liilbery 5. Menziesia 6. 449 — Currant 5. I’oly Mountain 5. 361 • — Darnel 2. Poor Man’s Pepper 3. 236 — Handed-Orehis 6. Poor Man’s Spermaceti 3. 191 — Hedge-parsley 5. Poor Man’s Weather-glass 1. 29 — Maythes i. Poplar, Black 6. 506 — Morocco . i. Poppy, Welsh 1. 54 — rot . 3. Poppy, White 1. 53 — Shanks . . 6. 1’overty-weed 6. 457 — Shanks, Mossy 5. Pricket 6. 364 — Red Valerian 2. Prickly Bog-rush 6. 500 — Whortle-berry 5. Butcher’s Broom 6. 474 Reed, Bank-side 5. Glass wort 4. 255 Common 5. Pettigree . 6. 474 Hedge 5. Saltwort 4. 255 Lock 5. Samphire 6. 478 mace, Narrow-leaved 5. Twig-rush 6. 500 Rest-Harrow, Ancient 4. Prick- wood 2. 114a Spiny 4. . 2. 123 Rie-grass 5. Trim-print 2. 119 Rock Cinque-foil 4. Primrose, Evening 4. 257 Rock Hutchinsia 2. Print, 2. 119 Rock-Rose, Common 5. Privet, Common 2. 119 Rock Samphire 4. Procumbent Madwort 6. 466 Rocket- Yellow- weed 1. Pearl-wort 3. 199 Rogation Flower 4. Sibbaldia 6. 470 Rogues’ Gilliflowers 6. Water-Parsnep 6. 415 Roof Houseleek 6. Procession Flower 4. 251 Rose-a-rubie 1. Prunel 1. 67a Rose-bay, Trailing 6. Purple Cock’s head 6. 453 Rose-bay Willow-herb 1. Cow-wheat 6. 457 Rosemary, Wild 5. Foxglove . 2. 113 Rose-root, Mountain 5. Grasspoly 3. 229 Rose-smelling Rose-root 5. Lucerne 5. 329 Rose-wort . 5. Marsh Cinque-foil 3. 197 Ros Solis 3. Marshlocks 3. 197 Rough Branched Dandelion 6. Milk-vetch 6. 453 Bristle-grass 3. Milk-wort 6. 453 Cicely 6. Sea Pocket 4. 258 Cock’s-foot Grass 2. Willow 6. 434 llawkbit 4. Willow-herb 3. 229 Ploughman’s Spikenard 4. Purslane, W'ater 3. 196 -podded Tare 5. 3. 220 Round-leaved Bell-flower 1. Q. Round-leaved Sun-dew 3. Quaking-grass, Common 2. 104 Round-headed Rampion 3. Queen’s Gilliflowers 6. 425 Rupture-wort 3. Quick-in-hand 2. 125 Rupture-wort, Hairy 4. Quills 4. 306 Rush, Lesser-jointed . 5. R. Rush, Shining-fruited jointed 5. Radish, Wild 5. 359 Rye-grass 2. Ragged Robin 1. 71 Rye-grass, Common 2. Rag-wort, Cambridge 3. 206 Broad-spiked 2. Ragwort, Inelegant . 1. 52 Pacey’s 2. llampion. Horned 3. 205 Ruck s 2. Rampion, Round-headed 3. 205 Russell’s 2. Ramsons 2. 97 Stackney’s 2. Rape 6. 458 Whitworth’s 2. Rattle-box 4. 259 a S. Rattle, Dwarf Red 4. 266 Saffron Spider-wort 6. Rattle-grass 4. 266 Sage-leaved Germander 1. Rat- weed 5. 368 Sage, Meadow 1. Ray-grass . 2. 116 Saint Anthony’s Nut 3. Recurved Carex 6. 440 St. Dabeoc’s Heath 6. Red Bartsia 3. 223 Saint-foul, Common 2. fol. 502 83 502 383 345 116 409 347 7ft 7a 201 454 380 90 383 372 372 372 372 377 289 289 344 313 138 393 267 15 251 425 401 7a 463 14 361 391 391 391 201 406 211 483 108 318 290 322 61 201 205 188 304 399 399 116 116a 116a 116a 116a 116a 116a 116a 464 22 65 198 449 134 xlvi INDEX OF THE St. John’s-wort, Common vol. 1. fol. 80 Sea Star-wort vol. 3. fop 230 Salad-Burnet 6. 438 — Sulphur-wort . 6. 419 Sallowthorn . . 6. 426 — Tree-mallow 2. 106 Salt-marsh Club-nish 4. 264 Seal-wort 3. 199 Salt-wort, Black 4. 246 Sedge, Heath 6. 440 Salt-wort, Prickly 4. 255 Sedum-like Cherleria 4. 316 Samphire. Golden 6. 494 Self-heal, Common 1. 67 Samphire-leaved Flea-bane 6. 494 Sengreen, Great . 6. 401 Samphire, Marsh . 4. 307 Saxifrage 3. 187 Pritkley . 6. 478 W ater 6. 413 Rock 4. 267 Septfoil • . 5. 341 Sea 4. 267 Service-tree, Wild 2. 111 Sand Joint-vetch 6. 509 Sesamum . . 6. 447 Sand, Suapwort 4. 312 Setterwort . 2. 103 Samlweed . 5. 388 Setwall 2. 149 Sandwort, Vernal . 5 384 Seven-angled Pipewort 6 465 Sanicle, European • 3. 235 Shaker 2. 104 Great •, . 4. 280 Sharp-fruited Pond-weed 5. 350 Yorkshire 3. 209 Sheathed Cotton-grass 6. 427 Wood 3. 235 Sheep's-bit, Common S eep’s Scabious, Hairy Sheep’s Scabious, Mountain 5. 373 Satyrion, Creeping . 4. 309 5. 373 Saw-wort, Common . 3. 174 5. 373 Saxifrage Anise 6 411 Shepherd’s Cress 6. 423 , Cornwall . 6. 475 Needle, Common 4. 272 , Yellow Mountain 3. 187 Purse, Common 3. 191 Scabeous Devil’s-bit 4. 277 Purse. Perfoliate 3. 240 Scabeous, Field 3. 179 Purse, Small 6. 423 Scab-wort . , 4. 265 Thyme 2. 127 Scaldberries . 5. 334 Shining-fruited Jointed Rush 5. 399 Scaly -rooted Tootliwort 5. 365 Shore Strapwort . 4. 312 Scarlet Pimpernel . 1. 29 Shore-weed, Lake 4. 284 Scotch Cinquefoil 6. 470 Shrubby Bi amble 5. 334 Elm . . 5. 386 Sickle-wort 1. 67a Fir 5. 389 — 2. 94 Lovage 6. 472 Silver Hair-grass . 6. 416 Parsley . : 6. 472 Silver-Thimble 4. 273 Pine . . 5. 389 Simpler’sJoy 1. 26 Scottish Asphodel 3. 227 Six-stameued Water-wort 6. 487 Scrutry-grass , . 5. 375 Skull-cap, Common 1. 12 Scurvy-grass, Common . 5. 375 Sloughrheal 1. 67 Officinal 5. 375 Smaliage Parsley 2. 156 Sea Alvsson , 5. 355 Small Bindweed . 1. 58 — Beet 3. 231 Bugloss 1. 21 — Buckthorn 6. 426 Bur-parsley 6. 459 — Club-rush 4. 264 Chaff-weed . 4. 296 — Colewort 2 107 Cow-parsley . 6. 483 — Cudweed 6. 499 Garden Blite 6. 482 — Iry ii go 3 162 Hairy Wood-rush 5. 379 — Fennel 6. 451 Mat-weed , 4. 300 — G ape . . 4. 307 Red Blite 6. 482 — Giass , 4 307 Smaller Hough Dandelion 5. 323 — Giass-wrack . 6. 456 Small >heplierd’s Purse 6. 423 — Haid-grass 6. 476 Water- wort 6. 487 — Heath, 'mouth . 2. 132 V\ i Id Basil . . 6. 479 — Holme . 3 162 Wild >affron 3. 202 — Holly . . 3. 162 1 hutow-cress 3. 240 — Hulver 3. 162 Smoke-wood . 2. 129a — Kale . . 2. 107 Smooth Bud’s-foot . 6. 509 — Mat-weed 6. 408 Cow-parsley Hawk's-heard 3. 228 — Milkwort, Common 4 246 5. 366 — Parsley 6 472 Hone wort . 6. 468 — Pea 3 225 Rock-parsley 6. 468 — Heed, Common 6. 408 Sea- heath 2. 132 — Pocket, Purple 4. 258 Smooth-stalked Mariagon Lily 6. 501 — Kuppta . . 6. 451 Smooth Towei-mustaid 6. 430 — Samphire 4. 267 Snake’s-head 1. 1 — -side Cotton-weed 6. 499 Snake-tail 6. 476 — -side Koniga 5. 355 Snake-weed . 1. 5 ENGLISH NAMES. xlvii vol. fol. vol fol. Snapdragon, Great 3. 169 Stinking Hawk’s-beard 6. 467 Sneeze-wort 1. 36 Hellebore 2. 103 Snowdrop, Common 1. 33 May-weed 5. 328 Snowdrop, Mountain . 1. 55 Stitchwort, Broad-leaved 2. 154 Soap-wort, Common . 1. 37 Wood 2. 154 Soft Brome-grass 5. 343 Stock, Hoary 6. 445 Solid Bulbus Fumitory 3. 190 Stock-nut 5. 338 Solid-rooted Corydalis 3. 190 Stone Basil 5. 346 Sorb 2. 111 Stone Basil 6. 479 Sorrel, Welsh 4. 311 Stonecrop, Acrid 5. 364 Sour Trefoil 5. 327 — — Biting 5. 364 Sour Wood-Sorrel 5. 327 Stone-parsley, Mountain 6. 455 Sow-bread - . 6. 505 Stone-hot 5. 364 Sow-thistle, Common 2. 147 Stork’s-bill, Musky 5. 362 Narrow-leaved 2. 147a Strap-wort, Sand 4. 312 ■- Pnckly-dented 2. 147a Shore 4. 312 Prickly -jagged 2. 147a Strawberry -floweted Cinq. -foil 4. 313 Smooth Broad 2. 147a Strawberry-tree, Common 6. 497 Smooth Jagged 2. 147a Strawberry, Wood 4. 242 Stemless 2. 147a Strong-scented Lettuce 4. 315 Round-leaved 2. 147a Stubwort 5. 327 Spanish Chestnut 6. 435 Succory Hawkweed 5. 366 Spanish Wild Cress 6. 420 Succory, Yellow 5. 366 Sparrow Masterwort 5. 370 Suffolk- grass 4. 283 Spear Plume-thistle 6. 410 Saltwort 4. 307 Speedwell, Germander 1. 50 Sulphur-wort, Sea 6. 419 Sperage 6. 403 Summer Snowflake 1, 55 Spider-wort, Late 6. 464 Sun dew, Round-leaved 3. 201 Spignel, Athamantian 4. 314 Sun-flower, Little 5. 393 Spiked Bane-berry 3. 218 Sun-Rose, Common 5. 393 Spiked Heath Fescue-grass 6. 448 Sun Spurge 5. 368 Spiked Purple Loosestrife 3. 229 SweetAlyssum 5. 355 Spindle-tree, Common 2. 123 Cameline 5. 355 Spinous Sea-parsnip 6. 478 Chervil 5. 374 Spiny Rest-harrow 4. 289 Chestnut 6. 485 Spoonwort 5. 375 Cicely 5. 374 Spotted Gentian 6. 498 Fern 5. 374 Spotted Hemlock 4. 303 Flag, Common 5. 330 Spotted-leaved Arum 4. 261 Gale 6. 489 Spreading Halberd-leaved Ora- grass, Water 4. 252 che 5. 356 Orchis, Y ellow 4 295 Spring Water-star wort 5. 392 Rush 5 330 Spurge Olive 2. 96 seemed Vernal-grass 2. 99 Spurge, Sun 5. 368 Willow 6. 489 Spurle>s Coral-root 6. 422 W oodruff 1. 46 Spurrey, Corn 5. 388 Cyperus 6. 452 Spurrey, Field 5. 388 Swine’s Cress 4. 320 Spurt-grass 4. 264a Swine’s Succory 2. 150 Spur-wort, Little 4. 244 T. Squill, Two-leaved 2. 95 Tamarisk, French 6. 481 Squirrel-tail Grass 5. 344 Tansy, Common 1. 24 Squitch 2. 112 Tare, Hairy-podded 5. 322 Squitch 6. 492 Tare, Rough-podded 5. 322 Starch Grape-Hyacinth 2. 92 Tassel Pond- weed 6. 451 Star-fruit, Common 6. 437 Teasel, Wild 6. 490 Star-grass, Vernal 5. 392 Tetter-berry 2. 83 Star-headed Thrum-wort 6. 437 The Flower of Liberty 4. 245a Star-headed Water Chickweed 5. 392 Thistle, Bur 6. 410 Star-headed Water Plantain 6. 437 Thistle-gentle, Dock-leaved 6. 473 Star-Hyacinth 2. 95 Thistle, Musk 3. 177 Star of Bethlehem, Common 2. 124 , Nodding 3. 177 Yellow T. 41 , Spear Plume 6. 410 Star of Jerusalem 5. 390 Thorn-apple, Comm m 2. 121 Star-wort, Sea 3. 230 Tnorn-apple-leaved Goosefoot 5. 352 Stiff Mat-giass . 4. 300 Thorow-cress, Small 3. 240 Snnging-Nettle, Common 4. 298 Thoiovv-wax 1. 13 Stinking Castor-weed 6. 467 Thousand-seeded Flax-seed 3. 188 ■ Chamomile 5. 328 Three-forked Calannut 6. 486 xlviii INDEX OF THE vol. Three-lobed Bur-marigold 6. Three- pointed Limbarda 6. Thrift, Spreading-spiked 3. Thrum-wort, Greater . 5. Thrum- wort. Star-headed 6. Thyme-leaved Dwarf Cistus 6. Thyme-leaved Flax-seed 3- Thyme, Wild . 2. Tillata, Mossy . 5. Timothy-grass . . 1. Tine Tare . . 5. Toad-flax . . 3. Toadflax, Ivy-leaved • 1. Tofieldia, Marsh . 3. Tongue-under-tongue . 6. Toothed Violet . 2. Toolhwort, Bulbiferous 2. Greater . 5. Scaly-rooted 5. Tormentil, Common . 5. — — Officinal . 5. Tower-mustard . . 2. Tower-mustard, Smooth 6. Towers Treacle . 6. Tower Wall-cress . 2. Touch-me-not . 2. Toy-wort . . 3. Trailing Azalea . 6. Catch-weed . 6. Dog-rose • 5. Rose-bay . 6. Traveller’s Joy, Common 2. Treacle-mustard . 1. Treacle- Wormseed . 1. Trefoil, Burgundy . 5. Marsh . . 4. Meadow . 4. Sour . 5. Tree-mallow, Sea . 2. Tree Primrose . . 4. Trifid Water-Hemp-Agrimony 6. Tripoly Star-wort . 3. True Cheese-rennet . 4. True-love . 1. Tuberoot . . 1. Tuberous Moschatell . 1. Tuberous-rooted Orobus 6. Tufted Horse-shoe Vetch 5. Tulip, Wild . 1. Tunhoof . . 2. Turk’s-cap Lily . 6. Turk’s-cap Shaw . 6. Turnip, Common 6. Tutsan . . 1. Tvvayblade, Coral-rooted 6. Marsh . 5. Two-flowered Ltnnaaa . 5. Two-leaved Bog-Orchis 6. Two-leaved Liparis . 6. Two-leaved Squill . 2. U. Umbelled Holosteum . 4. Umbellifer. jagged Chickweed 4. Unbranched upright Bur-reed 4. Unedo Arbutus . 6. Uniting Larkspur . 4. Unpleasant Wormwood 5. Upright Bastard Cinque-foil 4. Upright Hedge-parsley vol. 5. fol. 347 Knawel , 6. 439 Meadow Crow-foot 4. 30-2 Mcenchia 6. 469 Pearlwort 6. 460 Upstart 1. 17 Uva-Ursi 6. 502 V. Valencia Cress 6. 420 Valerian, Red Varioits-flowered Coronilla 2- 90 6. 510a Venus’s Basin 6. 490 Comb 4. 272 Vernal-grass, Sweet-scented 2. 99 Vernal Sandwort . 5. 384 Star-grass 5. 392 Vervain 1. 26 Vetch, Tufted Horse-shoe 5. 369 Vetch, Wood 3. 173 Violet, Calathian . 3. 185 Violet, Water 6. 421 Viper-grass . Viper’s- Bugloss, Common 3. 189 3. 189 Virga Sanguinea Virgin’s Bower 2. 114a 2. 129 W. Wake-robin 4. 261 Walewort 2. 122 Wall Barley 5. 344 Wall-flower, Common 3. 237 Wall-Lettuce, Ivy-leaved 1. 27 Wall Penny-wort 4. 279 Wall-pepper . . 5. 364 Wall wort 2. 122 Wart-cress, Common 4. 320 Wart- wort 5. 368 Water-agrimony 3. 178 Aloe 6. 413 Avens 1. 3 Awl- wort 6. 428 Blinks 3. 196 Water-can . 3. 181 & 182 Water-can, Yellow 4. 281 & 282 Water-cress, Common Fool’s 4 271 6. 415 Long-leaved 5. 395 Water Cow bane 5. 395 cup, Common 3. 168 dropwort, Hemlock 2. 160 Featherfoil 6. 421 Fennel . . 5. 392 G illv-flower 6. 421 Gladiole 1. 34 Hemlock, Long-leaved 5. 395 Hemp 6. 446 Horehound 3. 167 Water-lily, Common Yellow, 4. 281 & 282 Fringed 3. 161 Great White 3. 181 & 182 Lesser 6. 441 Water Lovage 2. 160 Milfoil 6. 421 Milfoil, Whorled 5. 376 Mint 5. 398 Mudwort 3. 2)2 Parsnep, Broad- leaved 4. 319 Parsnep, Great 4. 319 fol. 446 494 183 337 437 463 188 127 380 68 322 169 23 227 453 145 145 365 365 341 341 159 430 430 159 125 191 463 466 325 463 129 62 62a 329 245 283 327 106 257 446 230 294 6 17 42 433 369 2 136 501 501 458 39 422 394 340 414 414 95 299 299 276 497 297 339 313 ENGLISH NAMES. xlix Water Parsnep, Procumbent vol. 6. fol. 41.5 Wild Nard vol. 4. fob 250 Pimpernel I. 11 Nigella 3. 175 Plantain 5. 337 Parsnep 3. 172 Plantain, Great 5. 337 Pine-tree 5. 389 Plantain, Star-headed 6. 437 Pink, Broad-leaved 4. 299 Poplar 6. 506 Pistacia . . 3. 198 Purslane 3. 196 Radish 5. 359 Purslane, Common 3. 220 Rie 5. 344 Hose . 3. 181 & 182 Rosemary , 5. 361 Sengreen 6. 413 Rosemary, Marsh 6. 508 Skerret 6. 415 Saffron, Small 3. 202 Starwort 5. 392 Service-tree 2. 111 Sweet-grass 4. 252 Succory . . 6. 417 Violet 6. 421 Teasel . 6. 490 Whorl-grass 4. 252 Thyme 2. 127 Wort, Six-stamened 6. 487 Vine 2. 83 Way Bennet 5. 344 Vine 4. 29 1 Way Bent 5. 344 White-thistle . 4. 273 Way- bred 3. 207 Willow, French , 1. 14 Wayfaring-tree . 2. 128 Willow-herb, Purple 3. 229 Way-side Barley 5. 344 Willow Lythrum . 3. 229 Weasel-Snout, Yellow 3. 194 Persian 1. 14 Weeping Ash 5. 382a Poplar 6. 506 Welsh Sorrel 4. 311 Purple 6. 434 Whin 2. 93 Sweet 6. 489 White Beak-rush 5. 396 Willowthorn 6. 426 Bent-grass 6. 492 Wind-flower 1. 43 Birch 5. 326 Winged Shortfood 6. 448 Candy-tuft 5. 351 Winter-cress, Bitter 6. 450 Charlock 5. 359 Winter-cress, Common 6. 450 Cluster-rooted Orchis 5. 387 Winter Gilliflowers 6. 425 Cotton-thistle 4. 273 Winter-green, Chickweed 5. 343 Dead-nettle 1. 31 Winter-green, Lesser . 3. 239 Dryas 4. 248 Winter Hedge-mustard Witch’s Thimble . 6. 450 White flowered Dog-rose 5. 325 1. 61 White-headed Bog-rush 5. 396 Wit he- wind 1. £8 White Peristylus . 5. 387 Woad, Dyer’s . . 3. 210 Poppy 1. 53 Wolf’s-bane, Common 2. 87 -rot 3. 168 Wood-anemone 1. 43 -rot 3. 209 Wood Barley-grass 6. 496 Squitch 6. 492 — Beech 5. 331 thorn 2. 118 — Betony 3. 214 Whitish Hand-Orchis 5. 387 Woodbine . 4. 287 Whitlow-grass, Common 1. 38 Woodbind 4. 287 Whortle-berry, Red r 383 Wood Chickweed . 3. 228 Whorled Bristle-grass 3'. 211 Woodderowffe . 1. 46a Whorled Creeping Milkwort 6. 471 Wood Loosestrife 4. 310 — — Knot-grass 6. 471 — Lousewort 4. 266 Water-milfoil 5. 376 — I.yme-grass 6. 496 Whorl-grass, Water 4. 252 — Moneywort 4. 310 Wild Angelica 6. 491 — Nymph . 1. 43 Beaked-parsley 3. 228 — Pea 6. 433 Blite 6. 482 — Pine . 5. 389 Burnet 4. 269 Wood-reed 6. 412 Carrot 3. 180 Woodroof 1. 46 Celery 2. 156 Wood-rose 1. 46a Chamomile 5. 335 Wood-rowell 1. 46a Cheir 3. 237 Wood-rush, Field 5. 379 Cherry-tree 2. 100 Wood-rush, Small Hairy 5. 379 Chervil 3. 228 Wood Sage 1. 22 Chervil , 6. 483 — Sanicle . 3. 235 Cornel-tree 2. 114 — Small-reed . 6. 412 Endive 6, 417 Wood-sorrel, Sour 5. 327 Germander 1. 50 Wood-sour . 5. 327 Hyacinth 1. 74 Wood Stitchwort 2. 154 Madder 2, 135 — Strawberry 4. 242 Masterwort 2. 151 — Vetch 3. 173 — Mignonette 1. 15 Wood-waxen . 2. 04 Myrtle . (i. 474 1 INDEX OF vol. fol. vol. fol. Woody Nightshade 2. no Yellow Goose-grass 4. 294 Worm-seed 1. 62 — Gowans 4. 306 Wormwood, Common 5. 339 — Horned-poppy 2. 131 Wormwood, Unpleasant 5. 339 — Mountain Saxifrage 3. 187 Woundwort 3. 238 — Ox-eve 4. 306 Woundwort, Clown’s 1. 16 — Pimpernel 4. 310 Wound-wort, Common 5. 397 — Pine-sap . 4. 275 Wreathed Pipewort 6. 465 — Battle, Common 4. 259 W ych Elm 5. 386 — Rocket 6. 450 Wyeh Hazel 3. 234 Yellow-rooted Meadow-rue 4. 254 Wych Hazel 5. 386 Yellow-spiked Millet-grass 6. 444 Wymote . 3. 226 Yellow Star of Bethlehem 1. 41 Y. Y’ellow Succory 5. 366 Yarr 5. 388 — Sweet- Orchis 4. 295 Yellow Archangel 3. 194 — Water-can . 4. 281 & 282 Yellow Balsam . 2. 125 — Water-Iris . 2. 82 — Bed-straw 4. 294 — Weasel-Snout . 3. 194 — Bent 6. 444 Yellow-wort, Perfoliate 1. 69 — Bird’s-nest 4. 275 Yew, Common 3. 222 — Bottle . 4. 306 Yoke Elm 3. 234 — Centaury 1. 69 Yorkshire Fog 1. 64 — Dead-nettle 3. 194 Sanicle 3. 209 — Gagea 1. 41 Whites 1. 64 — Goat’s-beard . 5. 390 Y outh-wort 3. 201 INDEX OF CRYPTOGAMOUS PLANTS NOTICED. A. vol. fol. Acrospermum eompressum 4. 298 a AJcidium albescens 1. 42 a Ari 4. 261 a Behenis 2. 120 a Berberidis . 2. 115 a Cichoracearum 5. 390 a Compositarum 2. 150 a crassum 3. 219 a laceratum 2. 118 a laceratum 6. 493 a leucospermum 1. 43 a Menthas 5. 398 a Periclymeni 4. 287 a Pini 5. 389 a rubellum, Pers. 6. 454 a Trogopogonis 5. 390 a Tussilaginis 2. 91 a Urticre 4. 298 a Agyrium rufum 5. 389 a Aregma bulbosum 5. 334 a Aregma obtusatum 4. 242 a Asteroma Prunell* 1. 67 a B. Botrytis parasitica 3. 191 a Bryum ligulalum 5. 331 a C. Ceuthospora phascidioides 4. 262 a Cenangium ferruginosum 5. 389 a D. Dacrymyces stillatus 5. 389 a Dothidea Alnea 3. 193 a Dothidea Betulina 5. 326 a Dothidea Heraclei 2. 130 a Dothidea Ribesia 5. 345 a E. vol. fol. Erineum Alneum 3. 193 a Betulinum 6. 326 a clandestinum 2. 118 a Faginium 5. 331 a Populinum 6. 506a ■ purpurescens 2. 98 a toituosum 5. 326 a Erysiphe adunca 6. 506 a Erysiphe Arctii 5. 333 a Erysiphe asperifoliorum 1. 21 a Erysiphe Berberidis 2. 115 a Erysiphe bicornes 2. 98 a Erysiphe lamprocarpa Link. 3. 207 a Erysiphe macularis 5. 342 a Erysiphe nitida (2nd ed.) 1. 9a Erysiphe penicillata 3. 193 a Eustegia Ilicis 4. 262 a Evernia prunastri 2. 118 a Erysiphe, Sp. . • jr 6. 491 a Fusarium tremelloides 4. 298 a H. Hysterium conigenum 5. 389 a Ilysterium foliicolum 1. 32 a Hysterium Fraxini . 5. 382 a Hysterium Gramineum 1. 68 a Hysterium Juniperi, Grev. 6. 431 a Hysterium melaleucum 6. 429 a L. Lophium elatnm 5. 389 a Lophium mytillinum 5. 389 a O. Opegrapba elegans 4. 262 a CRYPTOGAMOUS PLANTS. li vol. fol. vol. fob Peziza Clirysocoma 5. 389a Spii®ria Patella, Tode 6. 491a conigena 5. 389a pilifera 5. 289a tuberosa . 1. 43a pinastri 5. 389a Phacidium Pini 5. 389a pruinosa 5. 382a Podisoma Juniperi communis 6. 431a punctiformis 1. 32 a Polythrincia Trifolii 4. 283a sordaria 5. 389a Fuccinia Adoxae 1. 42a Strigosa 5. 389a AJgopodii . 2. 151a Taxi 3. 222a Anemones 1. 43a Trifolii . 4. 283a Betonicae 3. 214a typhina 1. 64a Buxi 2. 142a Stictis parallel! . 5. 389a Circae® (2nd ed.) 1. 9a T. compositarum 3. 174a Thelotrema lepadinum 4. 262a Galiorura 4. 294a U. Glechomatis 2. 136a Uredo Anemones 1. 43a Gram inis 5. 372a antherarum . 2. 154a Heraciei 2. 130a Behenis . 2. 120a Rubi 5. 334a Campanulas 1. 61a Saniculae 3. 235a Candida . . 3. 191a Scillarum 1. 74a Candida 6. 450a umbelliferarum 3. 228a Cerastii 2. 154a and 5. 374a Cicboracearum, 2. 150a R: and 3. 163a Ramalina farinacea 2. 118a confluens . 2. 143a Rhytisma Acerinum 2. 98a Euphorbias 5. 368a Urtic® 4. 298a Hypericorum 1. 39a S. Labiatarum 5. 398a Septoria Ulmi 5. 386a ovala 5. 326a Sphaeria acuta . 4. 298a Petroselini . 5. 374a arundinacea 5. 372a Populi 6. 506a ceuthocarpa, Fr. 6. 506a Potentillarum 4. 242a cinnabarina 5. 345a Rbinanthacearum, 1. 72a concentrica 5. 382a and 3. 223a cornicola 2. 114a Sonchi 2. 147a -■ — coronata . 5. 345a Symphyti 2. 101a — corticis 5. 382a Thlasp . 3. 191a Doliolum, Pers. 6. 491a Tussilaginis 2. 91a — eelatinosa 5. 389a Usnea hirta 2. 118a — — herbarum 4. 298a X. — — Ilicis 4. 262a Xyloma populinum, Pers 6. 506a h lii A LIST OF GENERA Adopted in Professor Lindley’s Synopsis of the British Flora,* with those in which they are included in, or synonymous with, in this work, and in Sir W. J. Hooker’s British Flora, first edition. Sun. Br. FI. Br. FI. vol. fol. Achnodon Phleum # 1. 68 Achyrophorus . Hypocharris 6. 446 Agropyrum , Triticum . 2. 112 Airochloa Aira 6. 416 Alliaria . , Erysimum # 1. 62 Anacamptis . Orchis 3. 213 Anemagrostis Agrostis 6. 492 Anrennaria Gnaphalium 4. 243 Archangelica Angelica . , 6- 491 Armeria Statice 3. 183 Calystegia Convolvulus 1. 58 Caprifolium Lonicera 4. 287 Carrichtera Vella , 6. 420 Catopodium . Triticum 2. 112 Centranthus Valeriana . 2. 90 Cerasus Prunus 2. 100 Chamagrostis Knappia . , # 3. 184 Condylocarpus Tordylium 6. 443 Conopodium Bunium . . 6. 435 Corynephorus Aira 6. 416 Cylisus Spartium . 1. 77 Deschampsia Aira 6. 416 Digraphis , Phalaris 1. 56 Diplotaxis Sinapis 5. 366 Echinocloa Panicum . , , 6. 462 Erophila Draba 1. 38 Filago Gnaphalium , , 4. 243 Glyce Koniga 5. 355 Glyceria . : Poa . , 4. 288 Heleocharis . Eleocharis 6. 436 Heliogiton Eleocharis 6. 436 Hirculus Saxifraga 3. 187 Holoschcenus Scirpus , . 4. 264 Hydrochloa Poa 4. 288 Isolepis Scirpus , • 4. 264 Kobresia Elyna 6. 484 Lappa Arctium . 5. 333 Larbrea Stellaria . 2. 154 Leiogyne . Saxifraga . 3. 187 Maruta Anthemis 5. 328 ( Calamintha . , 6. 486 Melissa # Acinos 6. 479 i Clinopodium . , 5. 346 Molinia Melica 2. 144 Neotia Listera . , 5. 357 Ophiurus . . Rottbollia 6. 476 Oporina . A pargia . 4. 318 Platanthera . Peristylus, B. Habenaria, Hook. Prismatocarpus Campanula 1. 61 Robertsonia Saxifraga 3. 187 Romeria Glaucium . . , 2. 131 Schoenodorus Festuca 5. 324 Sclerochloa Poa . . 4. 288 Silybum Trichodium Carduus 3. 177 Agrostis . . 6. 492 Trigonella . Trifolium 4. 283 Trisetum A vena . . , 4. 292 Umbilicus . Cotyledon 4. 279 Valerianella . Fedia . . . 6. 432 Vulpia Festuca . . 5. 324 * Had I adopted all Professor Lindley’s general could not have completed this work in 6 volumes, or about 500 plates, as, at its commencement in 1832, I pro- mised to do. BOTANISTS NOTICED.— INSECTS, ETC. NOTICED. liii BOTANISTS NOTICED, vol. fol. vol. fol. Bartsch, Dr. John 2. 223 n.* Matthiolus, Peter Andrew 6. 445 n.* Benwell, Mr. James 6. 415 a Menzies, Archibald 6. 449 n.* Blackstone, Mr. J. 1. 69 n.* Mcench, Dr. Conrad 6. 460 n.* Borkhausen, Moritz 6. 467 n.* Monti, Joseph 3. 196 n.* Buffon, Count De 2. 152 n.* Rottboell, Christian Frees 6. 476 n.* Cherler, John Henry 4. 316 n* Rudbeck, Claus 2. 95 a Clayton, John 4. 253 n.* Ruppius, Henry Bernard 6. 451 n* Dillenius, Anecdote of 1. 23 a Scheuchzer, John James 6. 503 n.* Frankenius, John 2. 132 n * Scheuchzer, John 6. 503 n.* Gage, Sir Thomas 1. 41 n* Sesler, Leonard 3. 192 n.* Goodyer, Mr. John 4. 309 n.* Sherard, Dr. William 4. 244 a Hotton, Dr, Peter 6. 421 n.* Sherard, Dr. James 4. 244 a Hutchins, Miss 2. 138 n.* & 138 a Sibbald, Sir Robert 6. 470 n.« Isnard, M. Antoine Dante 6. 442 n.* Sibthorp, Drs. Humphry Knapp, John Leonard 3. 184 n.* and John 3. 215 a Knaut, Christopher 3. 179 n.* Smith, Sir J. E., Anecdote Konig, Charles 5. 355 n* of 2. 93 a Lavater 2. 106 n.* Sweert Emanuel 6. 498 n.* Ee Brun, Anecdote of 3. 177 a Teesdale, Mr. Robert 6. 423 n.* Linnaeus, Anecdote of 1. 23 a Tilli, Michael Angelo 5. 380 n.* and 2. 93 a Tofield, Mr. . 3. 227 n * Some account of 5. 340 a Trinius, Dr. 6. 468 n.* Lister, Dr. Maitin 5. 357 n.* Villars, M. de 3. 161 n.« Lobel . 1. 79 n.* Zannichelli, John Jerome 3. 164 n.* Maddox, Mr. John 6. 415 a INSECTS, ETC. NOTICED. vol. fol. vol. fol. Alysiaapii 2. 156a Meloe vescicatorius 2. 119 a Andrena albicans 1. 24 a Mottled Orange Moth . 5. 333 a tibialis 1. 24 a l’apilio C. album 5. 342 a Anthidium manicatum 2. 136 a lo 5. 342 a Aphis Humuli 5. 342 a Machaon 6. 411 a & 491 a Populi . 6. 506 a Phalaena Antiqua 1. 10 a Tanaceti 1. 24 a Brassicae 1. 10 a Apis mnnicata Callimorpha Dominula 2. 6. 136 a 477 a Delphinium Dominula 4. 6. 297 a 477 a Cassida viridis 5. 335 a fuligiqosa 5. 336 a Centrotus Genistae 2. 84 a Humuli 5. 333 a & 342 a Chariclea Delphinii 4. 297 a Libatrix 2. 136 a Chrysomela Asparagi 6. 403 a Quercus 1. 76 a Tanaceti 1. 24 a rostralis 5. 342 a Cynips Glechomae 2. 136 a Syringaria 2. 119 a Deilephila elpenor 4. 294 a Pontia Daplidice 1. 15 a & 5. 336 a gallei 4. 294 a Privet Hawk Moth 2. 119 n lineata 4. 294 a Pterophorus spilodactylus 5. 339 a Fasciola hepatica 3. 209 a Plilophora plumigera 2. 98 a Feathered Prominent Moth 2. 98 a Sesia Bombylilormis . 4. 277 a Hydra viridis 6. 415 a Sphinx Elpenor 1. 9 a & 2. 125 a Leaf-cutter Bee 1. 9 a Sphinx fuciformis. y. 4. 277 a I.ivia Absinthii 5. 339 a Sphinx Ligustri 2. 119 a Macroglossa sicllatarum 4. 294 a Tipula pentitcornis . 1. 28 a iiv INDEX TO THE POETRY. All Nature proclaims a Deity.— R. Montgomery . . 4. 299 a Alpine Flowers — Mrs. Sigourney. . . . . 4. 248 a Au'umn ...... 5. 352 a Buttercups and Daisies. — Mary Howitt. . . .4. 302 a Chorus of Flowers ..... 4. 320 a Field Flow ers. — Campbell. Beginning of vol. 1. Flowers. — K. Patterson. Back of Dedication to vol. 2. Flowers. — By the Author of Stray Flowers. Back of Dedication to vol. 3. Flowers. — By the Authoress of “ The Moral of Flowers.” At the back of the Dedication to vol. 4. Flowers! Flowers! — L. A. Twamley. 4. 318 a Flowers. — By Mary Howitt. . . # # 5. 373 a Flowers. — By Mary Howitt. . t . 6. 406 a Flowers. — J L. Si evens. . . m , 6. 418 a Hedge Blossoms. — M. K. Hart. 5. 347 a Hymn to the Flowers. — Horace Smith. 5. 323 a Lines from Crabbe’s “ Parish Register.” from Cowper’s " Task.” 1. 12 a , , 2. 133 a — — from Hurdis’s “ Tears of Affection.” 2. 138 a Lines .... 2. 140 a from Shakspeare. . . . 2. 141 a from Cowper. , 2. 145 a from Milton’s “ Paradise Lost.” . 2. 154 a hy L. A. Twamley. , . 2. 155 a from Thomson’s " Autumn.” 2. 159 a from “ The New Monthly Magazine.” , # 3. 167 a from Milton. . , 3. 188 a from “ The Moral of Flowers.” from Mrs. Sigourney’s " Solitude.” from “ Flowers;” a Poem by B. Barton. scope for 1824. .... by Bernard Barton. : by Wordsworth. by N. P. V\ illis. from “ Thoughts on Flowers.” By H. G. Bell. by N. P. Willis. by Mary Ann Browne. from Shakspeare’s “ King Lear.” . by Mrs. Row. from Cowpf.r’s “ Hope.” by Mrs. Mary Howitt. from Hurdis’s “ Village Curate.” from “ Wanderings in June.” By John Clare. from “Thoughts on Flowers.” from Thomson’s “ Spring.” from “ The Day of Flowers.” cation to vol. 5. by L. A. Twamley. . . from the Persian of Sadi from Thomson. by T. Meadow?. from Shakspeare. from •• Recollections of the Lakes.” of Flowers.” . from the same. from Swift. 208 a 212 a Published in Time’s Tele- 3. 218 a By H. G. Bell. By Mrs. Hemans. 220 a 246 a 252 a 254 a 256 a 266 a 267 a 268 a 270 a 276 a 280 a 290 a 294 a 301 Back of the Dedi- By the Authoress of “ 322 a 404 a 419 a 420 a 435 a I lie Moral 6 450 a suggested by the peculiar beauty and eiurious formation of the elegant Zostera . . . . .6. from Covcper’s “Task.” ... 6. from “ The Parterre.” . . . .6. from “ The Literary Gazette.” ... 6, 452 a 451 a 456 a 468 u 473 a 181 a INDEX TO THE POETRY, Iv Lines from " The Spirit of the Woods.” , 6. 497 a from Montgomery. 6. 503 a On Planting a Tulip Root. — J. Montgomery. . . 1. 2 a On the Hare-bell. — Scott. , 1. 74 a Sonnet to the Linnaea borealis. — W. L. Beynon. 5. 340 a Sonnet to Vegetation. — R. Millhouse. , . 5. 341 a Sonnet, by R. Howitt. # 6. 455 a Sonnet, by W. Roscoe. . . . 6. 471 a Sonnet. — From “ The Literary Gazette.” 6. 483 a Spare this Flower. — Rev. F. H. Lyte. # . 3. 240 a Spring. — A. C. Turnbull. , . 6. 464 a Summer. — Mrs. Mary Howitt. , 4. 274 a Summer. — R. Calder Campbell. 5. 335 a The Arum. — Mrs. F. A. Rowden. ; 4. 261 a The Cherwell Waterlily. — F. W. Faber. . 3. *181 & 182 The Close of Spring. — C. Smith. . 3. 238 a The Corn-flower. — Miss Loudon. , . 1. 35 a The Daisy. — J. Montgomery. . . , . 1. 44 The Death of the Flowers. — Caroline Bowles. : 4. 278 a The Evening Primrose. — From “ The Moral of Flowers.” . 4. 257 a The Dial of Flowers. — Mrs. Hemans. 1. 29 a The Grasses .... 3. 216 a The Harvest Crocus. — T. Scott. . . 2. 137 a The Herbalist. — Wordsworth. # 2. 135 a The Night-shade — Barry Cornwall. . . 2. 110 a The Old Hawthorn — Wordsworth. # . 2. 118 a The Purpose of Flowers. — W. Martin. 3. 189a The Scentless Violet. — C- H. Townsend. 1. 4 a The Spirit of Beauty. — “ American Monthly Magazine.” 4. 310 a Thp Summer’s Call. — Mrs. Hemans. 6. 421 a The Use of Flowers. — Mrs. M. Howitt. 3. 233 a The Vervain. 1. 26 a The Water-cress Girl. . 4. 271 a The Way-faring Tree. — W. Howitt. . 2. 128 a The Wild Flower. . . 6. 414 a The Winter Nosegay. — Mrs. Sigourney. 6. 498 a There is a spell in every Flower. . 5. 337 a To Botany .... 4. 316 a To the Convolvulus arvensis. — J. W. Slatter. 1. 58 a 'To the Cowslip 2. 89 a To the Daisy. — Leyden. 1. 44 a To the Forget-me-not. — J. W. Slatter. 1. 57 a To the Lily of the Valley. . . 1. 78 a To Nature. .... . 4. 312 a To a Wild Flower. — W. Anderson. 6. 505 a Water-lilies. — Mrs. Hemans. 3. 181 & 182 a Weeds. .... . 4. 272 a Weeds. .... 6. 416 a Wild Flowers. Back of Dedication to vol. 6. Wild Flowers. — R. C. Trench. 5. 368 a Ye are not miss’d, fair Flowers. — Mrs. Hemans. 5. 355 a lvi ERRATA. Folio 6, line 2, for Monogynia, read Tetragynia. Folio 13 a, line 9 from the bottom, for Lucojum, read Leucojum. Folio 32, line 3, after Natural Order, add A raliace®. Folio 42, line 3, after Natural Order , add Araliace®. Folio 56, line 2, for Monogynia, read Digynia. Folio 59, line 2, for Monogynia, read Digynia. Folio 72, line 3, for Rhinanthace®, read Scrophularine®. Folio 97, line 15 from the bottom, for Molly , read Moly. Folio 103, line 2, for Polygynia, read Pentagynia. Folio 143, line 6, for 385 read 384. Folio *181 and 182, line 1, for Waterlilly, read Waterlily; and *181 and 182 a, line 9, for tpye, read type. Folio 203 a, in cancel, line 15 from the bottom, for It, read In. — At the bottom of the plate 203, for Spartina stricta, read Spartina altemiflora ; and for Twin-spiked, read Alternate-flowered. Folio 209 a, line 8 from the bottom, for hybernacula, read herbernaculae. Folio 239, line 5, for Monotrofe®, read Monotrope®. Folio 247, line 24, for M'ilium, read Mi'lium. Folio 263, line 2, for Digynia, read Monogynia. Folio 271, bottom line, for 91, read 38; /or 147, read 62; and for 27, read 38. Folio 279, line 2, for Monogynia, read Pentagynia. Folio 306, line 7, for Cardva'ce®, read Anthemide®; and line 9, for sect. 2, read sect. 3. Folio 385 a, line 2 from the bottom, after case add it. Folio 387. Platanthera of Lindley’s Synopsis, 2nd ed. p. 261, has, by an oversight, been omitted. It differs from Peristylus in having a long slender spur, and contains only the Butterfly Orchis, Habenaria bifolia of Hooker’s British Flora, in which work, and also in Lindley’s Synopsis, 1st edit., it is included in the same genus as Peristylus albidus, and P. viridis. It is the Orchis bifolia of Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1331 ; of Engl. Bot. t. 22; of Curt. FI. Lond. fasc. 6. t. 65; and of Smith’s Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 9. Folio 425, line 2, for Siliculosa, read Siliquosa. Folio 454 a, line 3 from the bottom, for ascetosa, read acetosa. Index, page xiv, line 2, for 261, read 267. , page xix, line 25, left-hand column, for 151, read 154. , page xx, line 1, for 261, read 267. Ivii DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER. If the work is bound up in six volumes, in the order in which it was published, so that the plates shall follow each other consecutively, then— Vol. 1. will contain plates Vol. 2. Vol 3 Vol. 4. ... Vol. 5 Vol. 6. . 1 to 80% 81 to 160 / There are separate 161 to 240 T Indexes to each 241 to 320 f Volume. 321 to 400 \ 401 to 509 If arranged according to either of the Systematic Indexes, it may be divided into five volumes, thus — Linnaean Method. (See Index, p. xiii.) Vol. 1. Monandria to Tetkandria. Vol. 2. Pentandria only. Vol. 3. HeXANDRIA to PoLYANDRIA. Vol. 4. Didynamia to Poeyadelphia. Vol. 5. Syngenesia to Polyoamia. Natural Method. (See Index, p. xviii.)# Vol. I. Ranunculace® to Lecuminos®. Vol. 2. Amygdale® to Stellat®. Vol. 3. Vaeeriane® to Solane®. Vol. 4. Orobanche® to Conifer®. Vol. 5. Alismace® to Cyperace®. A Dedication to follow the Title-page of each volume. The text (203) for Spartina Alterniflora, to be substituted for that of (203; Spartina stricta ; and the lines to The Cherweee Waterlily (*181 & 182), given in Vol. 4, to follow the account of the Nympkoea alba, or White Waterlily { 181 & 1802), in Vol. 3. List of Books referred to, General Indexes, &c., at the end of the last Volume. * This arrangement, with only one or two exceptions, is the same as that adopted by Sir W. J. Hooker, in the fifth edition of his “ British Flora,” published in 1842. FINIS. W. KING, PRINTER, OXFORD. New York Botanical Garden Library QK306 B36 v.6 Baxter William/British phaenogamous bot gen 3 5185 00120 0623 MM