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BRITISH

WILD FLOWERS

ILLUSTRATED

BY

JOHN E. SOWERBY.

DESCRIBED,

WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND A KEY TO THE NATURAL ORDERS,
’ BY

C. PIERPOINT JOHNSON.

RE-ISSUE :

TO WHICH IS NOW ADDED

A SUPPLEMENT

CONTAINING 180 FIGURES OF LATELY DISCOVERED
FLOWERING PLANTS.

By JOHN W. SALTER, A.L.S., F.G.S.

AND THE

FERNS, HORSETAILS, AND CLUB-MOSSES.

By JOHN E. SOWERBY.

LONDON:

JOHN VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW.

MDCCCLXXVI.

LIBRARY
NEW YORK
BOTANICAL
GARDEN

till*

PRINTED by TAYLOR AND FRANCIS.

RKD LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

BRITISH WILD FLOWERS

INTRODUCTION.

It is not the object of the present work to teach the science of
Botany, or even to furnish a treatise upon the natural history and
classification of the flowering plants of the British Islands. The
first, like all other branches of natural knowledge, is an abstruse
and complicated study, to which there is no ‘royal road/ and the
pursuit of which, however pleasing, involves the diligent perusal
of many volumes, with close and unremitting attention to that
Great One whose pages lie ever open before us : the last, though
a less comprehensive subject, would demand far more space for its
elucidation than can be accorded to it here. Intended merely as a
volume of reference for the field-botanist, the country resident or
summer rambler, when works of more pretension are not at hand,
our book can comprise little more descriptive matter than is abso¬
lutely necessary, with the assistance of the plates, to identify each
plant. Those who are desirous of acquiring an intimate knowledge
of the structure and affinities of the vegetable kingdom we must
refer to the compendious treatises of Lindley, Balfour and others ;
while the student of the British Flora will find detailed descrip¬
tions of each species, and most of the information that has been
accumulated on the subject, in the ‘ English Botany ’ and other

b

11

works to which references are given. But as this book may pro¬
bably fall into the hands of many who, while they have no previous
acquaintance with botanical science and little leisure or inclination
for its study, are yet desirous of learning the names of the flowers
they meet with in their walks, it may be advisable to add a few
lines explanatory of the general structure of flowering plants, which,
with the Glossary of terms, will probably enable any educated
person, however unscientific, to understand the descriptions given
in the body of the work.

The vegetable kingdom is naturally divided into two great sec¬
tions, the plants of which, while exhibiting for the most part con
siderable differences in internal structure, are more remarkably
distinguished by the mode in which they propagate their kind.
Those of one division possess no distinct flowers or seeds in which
the germ of the future plant is enveloped, but multiply by means
of minute cellular bodies called spores. Those of the other have
distinct floral organs and produce seeds properly so called. The
former section, called by botanists Cryptogamia, includes Ferns,
Mosses, Lichens, Seaweeds and Fungi, with some other vegetables
not comprised under these designations ; the latter, the Phanero-
gamia or Flowering Plants, to the British species of which our
present book alone refers.

A plant, in this, its more highly developed form, usually consists
of four distinct parts, which, while they are all modifications of the
same organic type, consisting of cells and vessels variously arranged,
have yet very different offices assigned them in the ceconomy of
Nature. They are the root, stem, leaves, and flower.

The root is the organ by which the plant absorbs nutriment
from the soil; it generally consists of a number of branches,
whence various small fibres spring and penetrate into the sur¬
rounding earth in search of the nourishment, principally absorbed
by their tender extremities. Where this form prevails, the root is

Ill

said to be fibrous. In some cases, however, the vessels of the root
form a thickened mass, from which the absorbent fibres diverge,
and to which various names are given according to its shape and
proportions ; the most common varieties being the tap-root, where
it descends in a tapering form into the ground, as in the Radish
and Parsnip, and the tuber, in which it forms several more or less
irregular, rounded masses, as in the Orchis and Potato. In the latter
vegetable, however, the tuber is considered by botanists to be a
modification of the stem, and not a root in the strict sense of the
word. The same is the case with the leafy bulbs of the Lily and
Onion, and the corm or solid bulb of the Crocus, and some other
subterranean portions of plants to which the name of root is ap¬
plied in common language. In this work the word is used in its
popular meaning.

The stem is that portion of the plant which, rising from the
root, supports the leaves and flowers. In some plants it is wanting,
being represented only by the thickened rim or apex of the root
from which the leaves and flower-stalks proceed, as in the Dande¬
lion; in other instances it creeps along the ground, as in the Iris,
when it is called a rhizome. The stem is in all cases formed of
the vessels that descend from the leaves and flowers to the root,
and in which the sap circulates, and the various juices and secre¬
tions of the plant are elaborated. In some plants it dies down
every year, fresh stems rising to supply its place the following
season ; the plant is then termed herbaceous. In other vegetables
it becomes a permanent portion of the plant, the leaf-buds con¬
tinuing to send down their fibres through it as long as growth
lasts, and thus producing the substance we call wood ; the plant is
then a tree or shrub. Whether the stem be herbaceous or perma¬
nent, the buds which produce the leaves and branches are formed at
certain points on its surface called nodes, where a change of direc¬
tion takes place in the fibres ; the space between being termed an
internode or joint.

b 2

IV

The manner in which the fibres descend from the buds through
the stem differs in different classes of vegetables, and two of these
modes require a short notice, as a most important division of the
flowering plants is partly founded upon them. If we examine
the stem of a Palm when cut transversely, we shall find it presents
a dotted appearance, as in Fig. 1, the dots being sections of the
vessels descending from the leaves, in their way to the root.
There is no distinct baric, the stem being covered by a mere rind
or cuticle ; and the wood itself is the same throughout, the fibres
being only rather closer together towards the outer portion. Stems
of this class are called endogenous , or inward-growing. If we take
a section of the branch of an Oak, or any of our forest trees, we
find a very different arrangement. The wood presents a series of
concentric circles surrounding a central column of pith, from which
numerous rays diverge towards the bark, as in Fig. 2. In stems
of this kind the fibres or bud-rootlets descend each year on the
outside of the previously formed wood, between the latter and the
bark, and thus each circle represents the annual growth of the
stem. The bark is distinct and highly organized, consisting of an
inner portion, formed of vessels descending from the leaves and
carrying off their secretions, and an outer mass made up of the
growth of previous years, filled up with cellular tissue. Stems
presenting this aspect are termed exogenous, or outward-growing.
These forms characterize the two great families or classes into
which the flowering plants are divided, named from the circum¬
stance Endogens and Exogens. The endogenous plants of this
country have nearly all annual stems, and most of the exogenous
ones being likewise herbaceous, it is not always easy for the un¬
practised observer to distinguish the difference in their internal
structure ; but there are other peculiarities by which they are more
readily recognized, as will be presently noticed.

The leaves are the breathing organs of the plant, and, like the
lungs of an animal, they are formed of a number of vessels

V

ramifying in every direction, by which the sap is brought into
contact with the air. These vessels are arranged in two sets ; the
upper one, in exogenous plants, communicating with the vessels of
the wood, and the lower with those of the hark. The nutriment
taken up by the root passes through the upper series to the upper
surface of the leaves, and after undergoing the necessary chemical
changes, returns by the lower through the bark to the root,
depositing various secretions by the way. The spaces between the
vessels are filled up with cellular matter, in which numerous minute
pores establish communication between the fluid in the vessels and
the air ; they are chiefly on the under surface in most plants.

In exogenous plants the principal fibres or veins of the leaf branch
off from a central vein or midrib, distributing themselves in
numerous net-like ramifications over the whole leaf, as in Fig. 3.
In plants with endogenous stems, on the other hand, they are
usually arranged in a parallel series, diverging from the stalk and
uniting again at the apex of the leaf, being connected dui’ing their
course only by minute cross-veins at right angles to the others, as
in Fig. 4. The leaves are generally supported on a stalk called a
petiole , but are sometimes stalkless, or, to speak technically, sessile.
At or near the base of the petiole two or moi’e leaf-like appendages
ai’e often found, to which the name of stipules is given. The angle
between the leaf and the stem is called the axil, and is the place
where the bud of the ensuing giwth is developed. In some few
plants the buds drop off, and falling on the earth become bulbs,
and thus propagate the plant, as in the Tiger Lily ; a bulb is, in
fact, only an underground bud.

Leaves are either simple, or composed of a number of leaflets
arranged upon the same stalk, when they are styled compound.
Simple leaves ai’e either entire, or variously cut and divided ; but
their forms are far too numerous to admit of mention here, and
for the explanation of the technical terms by which botanists have
been compelled to distinguish the diversified figures of these im-

VI

portant organs we must rcter the reader to the Glossary. Leaves
in the axils of which flower-buds are developed are called bracts ;
they are frequently of different form to the other leaves of the
plant, and are sometimes membranaceous or scale-like.

The leaves of most woody plants in this country drop from the
stem in the autumn, or are deciduous ; and though the Holly, Pine,
and some other trees and shrubs retain their old leaves until the
new ones are formed in the ensuing spring, and are consequently
evergreen , all our trees change their leaves at some period of the
year.

Leaves are arranged in various ways upon the stem ; but
generally they are alternate, or situated singly at each node, on
alternate sides of the stem, or in a spiral manner, — a mode of
growth to which there appears to be a general tendency in plants,
probably the result of the two movements of lateral and longi¬
tudinal growth proceeding at the same time at right angles to each
other, in accordance with a well-known mechanical law. In many
plants the leaves are opposite, or arranged in pairs on opposite sides
of the stem ; and in some they are in whorls, a number being
situated in a circle round each node. The leaves of climbing plants
are often furnished with elongated appendages called tendrils, by
which they cling to the stems or other objects near them; the
petioles in other cases twine in a similar manner, as in the Clematis
of our hedges.

These organs are all employed in preserving the life of the vege¬
table and fulfilling the various functions of its existence. Their
form and appearance are often of great importance in botanical
classification, particularly in distinguishing species, but must be
considered of secondary value, as regards systematic arrangement,
to those organs of reproduction forming the most conspicuous
feature of the flowering plants, and upon the characters of which
the arrangement and classification of this portion of the vegetable
kingdom chiefly depend.

vn

A flower, in its most perfect form, consists of an outer envelope
composed of several leaf-like divisions called the calyx, an inner series
of similar leaves called the corolla, and a number of small bodies
situated within these denominated stamens and pistils. The usual
arrangement of these parts may be seen in Fig. 5. The outer
series of leaves, forming the calyx, are termed sepals ; they are
usually green. The leaves of the inner series, or corolla, are called
petals, and, being generally highly coloured, form the most con¬
spicuous part of the flower; in our figure they are of the same
number as the sepals and alternate with them, but in many flowers
several series of petals are developed. The calyx is sometimes
coloured like the corolla, and can then only be distinguished from
the latter by its position, as in Lilies and most other endogenous
flowers ; the floral leaves are then collectively styled a perianth.
Where only one series of floral leaves is present, it is considered as
a calyx, whether coloured or not. Sometimes the calyx is deciduous,
that is, it falls off before the flower opens, as in the Poppy tribe,
and- in some plants both calyx and corolla are wanting. The
sepals are occasionally united at their base into a tube, and the
same is frequently the case with the petals, as in the Foxglove,
Primrose, and many other flowers. The calyx is frequently re¬
duced to a mere rim, as in some of the Umbelliferse ; while in the
Composite, the order to which the Dandelion and Thistle belong, it
is represented only by a circle of hairs or scales beneath the corolla,
and is then denominated & pappus. In the Grasses there is no regular
calyx or corolla, these envelopes being represented by two series of
scale-like bracts, the outer of which are called glumes, the inner
palece. Sometimes, as in the Calla and the wild Arum of our
hedges, the floral organs are enclosed in one large bract, which
receives the name of a spathe.

The petals are usually equal in number to the sepals, or some
multiple of that number, and such flowers are called by botanists
symmetrical ; when the contrary is the case the flower is said to

Vlll

be unsymmetrical. The petals are often very different in form and
size, and the flower then becomes irregular , as in the Snapdragon,
Foxglove, and Monkshood. One peculiar form of irregular flower
prevalent in the Leguminosse or Pea tribe is known as papilionaceous,
from a fancied resemblance of the petals to a butterfly with its
wings expanded. The upper of the five petals, usually larger than
the rest, termed the vexillum , is somewhat curved backwards ; the
two lateral ones are called alee or wings ; while the two lower, which
are united slightly by their margins, are styled the carina , or keel.

Attached to the petals, or between them and the stamens, are
sometimes found small processes of various form, to which the
name of nectaries is usually given.

The stamens are arranged within the petals, in one or more
whorls. They consist generally of a long slender column or
filament bearing a small body at the apex called the anther ,
which contains the pollen or powdery matter by which the seed
is fertilized. This anther is usually two-celled, but sometimes
one-celled, and the manner in which the cells open to discharge
their pollen is often a most important character in distinguishing
plants. The stamens are sometimes united by their filaments into
a column with the pistil, or into several groups, and in some plants
the anthers are similarly connected. The anther is the only
essential part of the stamen, the filament being often wanting.

The pistil is the body through which the fertilization of the seed
takes place. There is sometimes only one, and sometimes many ;
they always occupy the centre of the flower. A pistil generally
consists of a club-shaped or variously divided process called the
stigma, supported on a column termed the style, by which it com¬
municates with the ovary or embryo seed-vessel at its base ; the
style, however, is often absent.

Like all other parts of the flower, the ovary is formed of modified
leaves variously arranged. Sometimes it consists of one leaf with
the margins united so as to form a vessel in which the seeds are

Jntjvduct,icm Picit& 1 .

IX

contained, — these latter, called in their immature state the ovules,
being attached to the adherent margins of the folded leaf (Fig. 6).
The vessel thus formed is denominated a carpel ; the line of ad¬
hesion is termed the ventral suture, that opposite to it, representing
the midrib of the leaf, the dorsal suture. In many flowers two or
more carpels are united, the edges of each carpel-leaf being curved
inwards, forming divisions more or less complete, called dissepi¬
ments (Fig. 7). In every case the ovules are attached to the ovary
by means of a substance called the placenta, formed partly of a
prolongation of the vessels of the leaf, partly of cellular tissue
connected with that of the style ; by the former they receive their
nourishment, while through the latter their fertilization is ac¬
complished. When these placentas all meet in the centre, forming
with the dissepiments a perfect division between the carpels, the
ovary becomes, of course, two- or many-celled ; the united placentas
are then said to be central or axile (Fig. 8). When they form by
their junction a distinct column in the middle of the cavity, they
are styled free and central (Fig. 9) ; when they appear as mere
projections from the sides of the vessel, they are called parietal,
as in the Poppy (Fig. 10). The ovules are attached to the placenta
by means of a small appendage of that organ, to which the name
of funiculus is given.

The ovary is sometimes adherent to the tubular portion of the
calyx, so as to appear below the teeth or sepals of the latter ; it is
then termed inferior, the calyx being superior (Fig. 11). When
free in the middle of the flower, it is called superior, the calyx
becoming infendor (Fig. 12).

In the Coniferse or Fir tribe and a few other plants there is no
ovary, — the ovules being produced without any covering, in the axils
of the modified bracts or leaves which form the cone, or covered
only by those leaves converted into a fleshy substance as in the
so-called berries of the Juniper and Yew.

In some plants the ovaries and the stamens are contained in

c

X

distinct flowers, then termed unisexual. They are either upon the
same plant, or monoecious , or upon different plants, when they are
styled dioecious.

The manner in which the fertilization of the ovules takes place
is still involved in much obscurity. It is, however, certain that the
contact of the pollen with the stigma is necessary for its accom¬
plishment; and this end is attained by Nature in various ways. In
some instances the filaments of the stamens are endowed with a
peculiar irritability, which causes them, when touched by insects or
otherwise, to bend towards the stigma and discharge the contents
of the anthers ; this is the case with the flowers of the Barberry.
In the Stinging Nettle the filaments are curved spirally within the
calyx, and, when the latter expands, spring up suddenly and scatter
the fertilizing grains over the adjacent pistils. In many plants the
elastic coat of the anther itself performs a similar office, and the
liberated pollen floats in clouds and becomes deposited upon the
Jtigmas ; in Pine woods, during the flowering season, the air is
frequently filled with the minute yellow grains of pollen thus dis¬
charged. That of monoecious and dioecious plants is often con¬
veyed to the pistils by the bees and flies attracted by the honey in
the flowers, and whose bodies are usually furnished with hairs, to
which the grains readily adhere. The pollen-grains, however, con¬
veyed to the stigma, are retained upon that organ by means of a
viscid fluid secreted upon its surface, and, after remaining there a
short time, send forth tubes, which, piercing the substance of the
pistil and penetrating into the ovary, impregnate the ovules therein
contained.

The numerous hybrids of some flowers so abundantly raised by
the florist are produced by the contact of the pollen with the
stigmas of distinct species of the same genus. Similar varieties
are not uncommon in Nature; but they rarely produce seed, and
consequently these abnormal forms seldom become permanent.

The ovary, when matured, becomes the fruit of the plant, and

XI

either discharges its perfected ovules through openings made in the
vessel, or drops to the ground and decays, allowing the seeds to
germinate. The mode of opening, technically called dehiscence , is
often an important characteristic; non-opening seed-vessels are
said to be indehiscent.

There is a great variety of form and structure in the fruit of
plants; but we can here notice only some of the more frequent
kinds. A dry fruit dehiscing by valvular openings or pores is
termed a capsule, as in the Poppy and Foxglove. A siliqua is a cap¬
sule opening by two valves and leaving the seeds attached to a
membranous frame or replum formed by the placentas in the
centre, as in the Wall-flower and other Cruciferre ; when short and
thick, it is called by some writers a silicida. A legume or pod is a
fruit formed of one carpel bearing a row of seeds along the united
margins of the leaf, and opening by both sutures, as in the Pea and
Broom; the term pod, however, is often given to the siliqua of
Cruciferse and to other fruits which resemble the legume externally.
A follicle is a pod opening only by the ventral suture, or that along
which the seeds are attached, as in the Larkspur; it is usually pro¬
duced in flowers bearing several pistils, two or more follicles con¬
stituting the fruit. Among the indehiscent varieties may be men¬
tioned the achcenium, a one-seeded carpel with a separable covering,
generally, like the follicle, found several together, as in the Butter¬
cup ; the nut, a hard one-celled fruit, containing a single seed ; the
dnipe, a fleshy fruit enclosing a nut-like seed-vessel, as in the
Cherry ; the berry, in which the seeds are imbedded in a pulpy
mass, as in the Hawthorn fruit ; and the pome or apple, where the
adherent calyx forms, with the outer covering of the ovary, a succu¬
lent body in which are cells containing the seeds.

The seed consists of the embryo or young plant, surrounded
usually by a quantity of matter stored up for its nutriment, called
albumen, and enclosed in a testa or cuticle. The albumen is of
various consistence, — farinaceous, as in Wheat; fleshy, as in the

c 2

XII

Hazel-nut; or horny, as in tlie Date and Coffee. Sometimes it is
not present, the testa then enclosing the embryo alone, and the
seed is said to be exalbuminous, as in the Bean and Almond. The
embryo is formed of a radicle and plumule, the rudiments respect¬
ively of the root and stem of the future plant, and the cotyledons,
which eventually become its first or seed-leaves. In Exogens these
cotyledons are generally two in number ; but in a few instances
several are situated in a whorl around the plumule. In Endogens
there is only one present ; and the plumule, usually hidden by it
while in the seed, rises, after germination, from a small slit at its
base. These two great divisions of the flowering plants have, from
this circumstance, been also termed Di-cotyledons and Mono-coty¬
ledons. The embryo being frequently very minute, it is often
difficult to distinguish its nature until after germination ; its two
principal forms may be better understood by reference to the Plate.
Fig. 13 represents a Bean with its testa and one of the cotyledons
removed, showing the other with the small plumule and radicle at
its base. Fig. 14 is the young plant after germination has taken
place : the testa is thrown off ; the cotyledons have expanded ;
and the radicle is extended downwards into the ground. Fig. 15
is a section of a grain of Wheat, a monocotyledonous seed, with the
embryo lying on one side of the farinaceous albumen, which here
forms the principal contents of the testa. In fig. 16 the grain has
germinated ; and the single, long, pointed cotyledon is rising, the
plumule emerging from the slit at its base, while the radicle is ex¬
tending in the contrary direction. The form and position of the
embryo, however, vary very much in both monocotyledonous and
dicotyledonous plants, and afford to the systematic botanist a most
valuable point of distinction between different families. At that
part of the seed where it is attached to the funiculus, a small
scar is always found, called the hilum, — while at some point of its
surface a pore exists, termed the foramen or micropyle, the opening
through which the radicle is eventually protruded. The position

J E Sowerkv. FeaF

xm

of the foramen or of the radicle, with regard to the hilum, is the
most important feature of the embryo. When the radicle is directed
to the extremity of the seed opposite the hilum, the embryo is said to
be antilropal; when it is next the hilum, it is termed ortkotropal ;
when the embryo lies across the seed with its radicle towards one
side, it is heterotropal , when so curved that both extremities are
pointed towards the hilum, it becomes amphitropal. The cotyle¬
dons are variously arranged in the seed, being often curiously
folded and twisted ; they are sometimes leaf-like, and in some
instances thick and fleshy. In a very few exogenous plants the
cotyledons are wanting or are not distinguishable from the plu¬
mule. These characters of the embryo, being generally discernible
only by the aid of a lens and distinguished with difficulty by the
unpractised eye, have been little employed in the present work.

The floral organs above described are all placed upon the more
or less expanded apex of the flower-stalk, denominated the disk,
receptacle, or thalamus. In many flowers the sepals, petals, stamens,
and pistils are all situated immediately upon the receptacle, forming
so many distinct concentric whorls ; but in some a different arrange¬
ment prevails, — a circumstance of which botanists have availed
themselves in classification. Where the stamens are placed directly
upon the disk, beneath the pistil, they are called hypogynous ;
where they are attached to the calyx, around the pistil, perigynous ;
when placed apparently upon the ovary, they are said to be epigy-
nous. It frequently happens that the filaments of the stamens in
hypogynous flowers are attached to the petals, while in epigynous
ones the calyx and ovary are often so united that the stamens
appear to be in connexion with both organs.

The manner in which the flower-buds open, technically called
their (estivation, is a feature of some importance in distinguishing
tribes of plants. The petals are sometimes so folded that their
margins just meet — the sestivation is then valvate; in some flowers
they overlap each other like tiles — it is then imbricate ; in other

XIV

instances they are doubled inwards at the edges, or induplicate ;
while in many they are twisted or contorted.

The arrangement of the flowers upon the stem likewise requires
notice. They are frequently situated singly at the apex of a stalk
or peduncle rising from the root, or are solitary. In most plants,
however, the stem is variously divided into small branches bearing
the flowers. When a number of flowers are placed along a stalk
without foot-stalks or pedicels, it is called a spike (Fig. 17). A
drooping spike, containing stamens or pistils only, and dropping
from the branch when withered, is termed an amentum or catkin.
When the flowers of the spike are each supported by a foot-stalk, it
becomes a raceme (Fig. 18). When the raceme is branched it is a
panicle (Fig. 19). When the outer branches of the raceme or
panicle are so elongated that the flowers are brought nearly to the
same level with the inner ones, it is a corymb (Fig. 20). When the
branches of the corymb terminate in a flower and then produce
lateral stalks, as in the elder, it is styled a cyme (Fig. 21). When
the flowers are arranged upon stalks branching from the apex of
the stem, an umbel is formed, which, like the corymb, may be either
simple or compound as the flowers stand singly upon the branches
of the umbel or are supported upon secondary umbels rising from
the extremities of the latter (Figs. 22 and 23). Sometimes the
flowers are arranged in a close head or capitulum without pedicels,
being situated upon a common disk or receptacle, as in the Dande¬
lion and other Composite. The flowers are in this case surrounded
by a whorl of leaves like a calyx, to which the name of involucrum
is given, a term applied to any whorl of leaves or bracts situated
upon the flower-stalk. In the compound umbel there is usually a
general involucrum beneath the primary umbel, while each second¬
ary umbel has one of its own, to which the term involucel is
applied.

All the parts of the flower must be regarded as modifications of
the leaf. The sepals and petals arc nothing more than leaves some-

XV

what altered in form and colour; the stamens are leaves, of which
the petioles are represented by the filaments, while the expanded
portion, being turned inwards upon the midrib, becomes the anther;
the carpels of the pistil are likewise leaves variously modified. This
interesting fact, long since surmised by Goethe, has been long veri¬
fied by accui’ate observation ; and some of its results are of import¬
ance even to the non-scientific observer of flowers. Occasionally
portions of the corolla are found developed as green leaves, — a mon¬
strosity frequently occurring in the garden Tulip. The flowers
called double are produced by a similar metamorphosis, the leaves
that are usually developed as stamens and pistils assuming the
petaloid form ; hence perfectly double flowers are incapable of
maturing seed.

The duration of plants is variable in different species ; but the
general process of growth is the same in all. The seed, lying upon
the ground, germinates under the influence of heat and moisture ;
the radicle is elongated, and, penetrating the soil, pushes forth fibres
which draw up nutriment for the support of the growing plant ;
the plumule rises, bearing with it the cotyledons, which acquire the
green colour of leaves, and are soon succeeded by the true leaves.
At some period of its growth the leaves are developed in forms
more or less modified, and become no longer organs of respir¬
ation and transpiration, but assume the characters of floral en¬
velopes and of stamens and pistils, through the mutual action of
which the seed is produced.

Some plants spring up from the seed and bear flowers and fruit
within a single season, dying when the process is completed — or are
annual. Others produce no flowers the first year, but store up
during that period of growth the nutriment which is absorbed in
the production of seed in the following summer, when they die ;
these are called biennial. When the plant survives for an indefinite
period it becomes perermial , either throwing up stems from the
root each year, which die down after bearing flowers, or producing a

XVJ

permanent, more or less woody trunk. In exogenous trees, vege¬
tation is chiefly carried on through the inner bark and young
wood, the heart-wood and outer bark retaining little vitality, as
may be often seen in the case of hollow trees, which, though the
trunk and principal branches are reduced to a mere shell, the inte¬
rior having wholly decayed, still continue to put forth leaves and
flowers for many successive years.

All the organs of plants consist of cells of various form and
arrangement, either connected in masses, forming what is called
cellular tissue , or elongated and joined together end to end so as to
present a tubular appearance. Woody fibre is made up of a num¬
ber of such tubular cells, united by their overlapping extremities.
These cells are all originally membranous ; and communication is
established between the liquids contained within them by the pecu¬
liar process of exudation called endosmose. During growth, how¬
ever, the walls of the cells are thickened by the gradual deposition
of earthy and other substances from the liquid, and are sometimes
converted in this manner into a solid mass. Growth is the forma¬
tion of new cells, either by a process of subdivision and extension
of those previously existing, or from the development of a minute
body called a nucleus, which, formed in the cell-fluid, is afterwards
extended through the membrane and becomes a cell itself. In each
cell, during growth, a fluid is constantly circulating with more or
less rapidity, holding in suspension various matters which are
eventually deposited within it. One of the most important of these
organic matters is the chlorophyll or colouring-substance of the
plant, usually of a green tint. Light is necessary for its produc¬
tion ; and consequently, when plants are grown in the dark, they
become etiolated or blanched. Starch, gum, and sugar form the
principal other substances floating in the cell-fluid ; they are pre¬
sent in all plants during growth. Besides these, various resinous
and oily secretions are elaborated in certain cells of the plant, prin¬
cipally in those containing that portion of the fluid which has

XVII

been exposed through the medium of the leaves to the action of
the atmosphere.

These elaborated matters and the cellular substance itself are
all formed of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen, combined
in various proportions. Carbon, the most abundant element in
the solid parts of all vegetables, is derived chiefly, if not entirely,
from the small quantity of carbonic acid existing in the air ; ni¬
trogen, which only enters into the composition of a few vegetable
products, is obtained from the nitrates and ammoniacal salts pre¬
sent in the soil ; while the two other elements are probably due to
the decomposition of a portion of the water taken up by the root,
the superfluous oxygen being exhaled by the leaves during the
day. Thus plants form a necessary part of the great cycle of
Nature, absorbing those gaseous particles produced by the respi¬
ration of animals and the decay of organic matter, and restoring
to the air, in a purified state, that principle which is necessary to
the support of all animate being.

Water forms a considerable portion of growing vegetables, and
is necessary to their existence. It is chiefly drawn up by the
fibres of the root, though some plants doubtless absorb much
from the atmosphere. Being required in very varying proportion
by different species, the amount present in the soil has a great
influence upon its vegetation. Some plants will only grow entirely
submersed, others flourish in the stagnant bog or peat-moss,
some require the moist but well-drained hill-side, and a few are
found in the most arid localities, where occasional dews form the
only source of moisture.

In addition to these elementary components, vegetables always
contain a considerable quantity of various other substances of in¬
organic origin. Potash and soda are the most prevalent of these;
they are present in all plants, the former alkali existing in by far
the greater proportion in most inland species, while an abundance
of the latter is characteristic of those growing near the sea, being

d

XV111

derived from the salt spray continually drifting over them. Such
plants have generally a greenish-white or glaucous hue ; they
seldom flourish far from the shore, and when growing inland the
soda usually existing in their tissues is replaced by potash. Silica
is always present in more or less quantity, and is particularly
abundant in the cuticle of Grasses and Horsetails. Lime is also
found in most species ; and its presence in the soil seems neces¬
sary to some, as may be seen in the peculiar vegetation of our
chalk-downs and limestone hills ; indeed the growth of plants is so
intimately connected with the composition of the soil, that a botanist
can generally detect the prominent mineralogical features of a coun¬
try through which he is travelling by the aspect of its vegetation.

There is no department of botanical study more interesting
than that which traces the relation of plants to the nature of
their habitats, or places of natural growth. Mountain, bog, wood¬
land, sea-cliff, wet meadow, and upland pasture have all their
characteristic vegetation; and even the hillocks of drifting sand,
that line some parts of our storm-beaten coast, have a flora
peculiar to themselves, or rarely found elsewhere. Difference of
soil or situation will even produce great changes in the appearance
of plants of the same species, sometimes to an extent that renders
them difficult of recognition by the unpractised observer. Those
usually inhabiting marshy localities, when growing on dry ground
become smaller and more rigid, while the native of the hills, when
transferred to the lowland, acquires a more succulent and luxuriant
habit ; the plants of the clay and loam often present a very dif¬
ferent appearance to those of the same kind growing upon chalk
or sand. In determining species, allowance must always be made
for these accidental variations from the typical form ; the points
in which deviation most frequently occurs are, in the size of the
plant, the form and dimensions of the leaves, the colour of the
flower, and the degree of development of hairs, prickles, and other
appendages of the cuticle.

XIX

Besides these differences occasioned by accidental circumstances
of growth, all plants are apt to exhibit permanent variations from
the general form, due to the operation of more obscure causes,
giving rise to what are termed varieties. These varieties are, in
perennial plants, capable of propagation by subdivision of the root,
or from slips or cuttings ; but their seed usually reproduces the
normal form, though it is yet a doubtful and disputed point
whether they may not in some instances be permanently propa¬
gated by seed: they often diverge so greatly from the typical
plant, that they are apt to be regarded by the ordinary observer
as distinct, and even our most experienced botanists are sometimes
unable to decide upon their real character.

Among our native plants, the groups of Roses, Brambles, and
Willows are remarkable instances of this obscurity regarding specific
distinctions. Of upwards of seventy Willows figured and described
in the present work, certainly not more than fourteen or fifteen can
be satisfactorily distinguished as species. The twenty-four Roses
are probably varieties of not more than five distinct plants ; and
the species of Rubus, which have been multiplied by some writers
to a far greater extent than in this book, are perhaps referable
to four specific types. The confusion naturally existing between
species and varieties has been unfortunately greatly increased, by
the anxiety of the students of local floras to extend the apparent
field of their labours by the addition of new species, — an object
more easily attained in a well-explored country by the subdivision
of well-known groups, than by the discovery of really new plants,
and a habit the more to be deplored, as it tends to destroy that sim¬
plicity of arrangement which is the only object of classification.

Whether species have any definite limits in Nature, is a ques¬
tion foreign to the scope of the present work. As the term is
applied in Botany, it may be genei’ally defined as an assemblage
of plants possessing a certain similarity in all essential points of
structure, capable of being permanently propagated by seed, and

dZ

XX

which may therefore be supposed to have descended from a single
individual.

Species are perhaps the only truly natural divisions of plants ;
but naturalists, for convenience of reference and description, have
been compelled to arrange them in more or less artificial groups or
families. Certain plants possessing a great resemblance to each
other in structure are formed into genera ; these are collected into
larger groups called orders , and the orders into subclasses and
classes. All these divisions are dependent upon some general
similarity in the structure of the plants composing them, usually
in that of the flower and seed, those organs being less liable to
variation than others. Linnaeus, the founder of modern systematic
Natural History, adopted the number and position of the stamens
and pistils as the basis of his classification of the flowering plants,
forming the names of most of his classes by affixing the word
andria, the synonym of stamen, to the Greek numeral expressing
the number of those organs present in the flower: thus plants,
the flowers of which contained but one stamen, were called Mon-
andna; those having two, Diandria. The orders or subdivisions
of these were formed in a similar way by adding the word gynia,
adopted as synonymous with pistil, to the numeral. Other divisions
he made dependent upon the connexion of the filaments or anthers,
and the monoecious or dioecious character of the plant. We have
not space to enter into the details of his system, and have only
made allusion to it because it has been adopted in the e English
Botany’ and some other works of reference still in use. Its sim¬
plicity rendered it of easy application by the unscientific; but it had
the great disadvantage of bringing together plants of widely different
affinities into the same artificial section, owing to some coincidence
in the development of a single organ, while it separated others
evidently closely connected; it is therefore no longer used by natu¬
ralists, and the mode of classification adopted by Jussieu and De-
l andollc, variously modified by other botanists, has been substituted.

XXI

By this system, plants are grouped into classes and orders ac¬
cording to certain structural characters, more or less definite, and
of a similar nature to those upon which the primary divisions of
genera and species are made. The plants thus connected by
structure are usually found to possess a resemblance in general
appearance or habit, and not unfrequently in properties; so that
the term natural, commonly applied to this mode of arrangement,
is, in a relative sense, not altogether inapplicable.

Flowering plants, by this plan of classification, are primarily
divided into Exogens and Endogens, — a distinction founded upon
peculiarities of the stem and seed which have been already
explained. Exogens are grouped into four subclasses, according
to the relative position of the parts of the flower. The first sub¬
class, called Thalamiflorce, contains those groups of plants which
have the petals distinct and the stamens hypogynous, or inserted
beneath the pistil upon the thalamus or receptacle. The second,
Calycijiorce, consists of those having the stamens perigynous or
epigynous, or placed upon the calyx or the ovary. The third,
Corolliflorce, includes those with the petals united, and the stamens
either hypogynous or joined to the petals. The fourth, Mono-
chlamydece, is formed of those exogenous plants having only one
floral envelope, and of those having neither calyx nor corolla.

The Endogens have been variously divided by botanists ; but they
present at least two well-marked sections — those possessing a peri¬
anth, or floral envelope, more or less perfect, Floridese, and those
whose flowers are enclosed only in scaly bracts or glumes, Glumiferse,
a division including the two great families of Grasses and Carexes.
Some botanists separate certain Endogens with net-veined leaves
and wood of a peculiar structure into a third group, Dictyogense ;
these latter appear to form a connecting link between Exogens and
Endogens.

These subclasses are divided into Natural Orders, composed of
certain genera, or assemblages of species which bear a general re-

XXII

semblance in essential characters. Some of these orders are well-
defined natural groups whose affinities are undoubted, like the
great families of Composite and Cruciferae ; others are more or less
artificial, and appear to pass into each other by almost insensible
gradations ; their limits arc variously defined by different botanists,
and are often made dependent upon obscure structural peculiarities
only appreciable by au advanced student of the science. The Flora
of this country is too limited to require reference to the minute and
complex details of botanical classification, upon which the general
arrangement of the Vegetable Kingdom has been founded ; and the
characters given in the accompanying Table of Orders and Genera
must be regarded as applicable only to British plants, — it being
intended merely as a Key or Index to enable the reader to refer
any wild plant to the Natural Order under which it is figured and
described in this work. The British Flowering Plants are here
arranged in the order stated below, — with few exceptions, that
usually adopted by British botanists.

EXOGENS.

ThALAMIFL0R/2.

1.

Ranunculaceae.

9. Violaceae.

16. Tiliaceae.

2.

Berberidaceae.

10. Droseraceae.

17* Hypericaceac.

3.

Nymphaeaceae.

11. Polygalaceae.

18. Aceraceae.

4.

Papaveraceae.

12. Frankeniaceae.

19. Geraniaceae.

5.

Fumariaceae.

13. Caryopbyllaceae.

20. Balsaminaceae.

6.

Cruciferae.

14. Linaceae.

21. Oxalidaceae.

7.

8.

Resedaceae.

Cistaceae.

15. Malvaceae.

Calycifloras.

22. Staphyleaceac.

23.

Celastraccae.

32. Portulaceae.

41. Caprifoliacea;.

24.

Rhamnaceae.

33. Illecebraceae.

42. Rubiaceae.

25.

Leguminosae.

34. Crassulaceae.

43. Yalerianaceae.

26.

Rosaceae.

35. Grossulariaceac.

44. Dipsaceae.

2 7. Onagraceae.

36. Saxifragaceac.

45. Compositae.

28.

Haloragaceac.

37. Umbelliferac.

46. Campanulacea*.

29.

Lythraceae.

38. Araliaceac.

47* Lobeliaceae.

30. Tamaricaceac.

39. Cornaceae.

48. Vacciniaceae.

31.

Cucurbitaceae.

40. Loranthaceae.

XX111

49. Ericaceae.

50. Pyrolaceae.

51. Monotropaceae.

52. Aquifoliaceae.

53. Oleaceae.

54. Apocynaceae.

55. Gentianaceae.

68. Amaranthacese.

69. Chenopocliaceae.

70. Scleranthaceae.

71. Polygon aceae.

72. Thymelaceae.

73. Santalaceae.

74. Aristolochiaceae.

CoROLLIFLORjE.

56. Polemoniaceae.

57. Convolvulaccac.

58. Boraginaceae.

59. Solanaceae.

60. Orobanchaceae.

61. Scrophulariaceae.

MoNOCHLAMYDEiE.

75. Empctracefr.

76. Euphorbiaceae.

77. Callitrichacear.

78. Ceratophyllaceae.

79. Urticacea*.

80. Ulmaceac.

ENDOGENS.

62. Labiatae.

63. Yerbenaceae.

64. Lentibulariaceae.

65. Primulaceae.

66. Plumbaginaceae.

67. Plantaginaceae.

81. Elaeagnaceae,

82. Myricacea-.

83. Betulaceae.

84. Salicaceae.

85. Cupuliferae.

86. Coniferae.

DlCTYOGENiE.

87. Dioscoreace:r. 88. Trilliaceae.

89. Ilydrocharidaceae.

90. Orchidaceae.

91. Iridaceae.

92. Amaryllidaceae.

93. Liliaceae.

94. Melanthaceae.

Floride^e.

95. Restiaceoe.

96. Juncaceae.

97- Butomace.e.

98. Alismaceae.

99. Juncaginaceae.

100. Typhaceae.

101. Araceae.

102. Orontiaceae,

103. Pistiaceae.

104. Naiadaceae.

Glumifer.e.

105. Cyperaceae. 106. Gramineae.

Plants being arranged under the Natural System according to
general characters only, some genera of certain orders will be found
to possess tbe structural form of a different subclass to that in
which the order is placed. For instance, though most Leguminosse
have petals and stamens arranged in the manner characteristic of
the subclass Calyciflorse, some exotic plants of that order have no
floral envelope, and would therefore he referred to Monochlamydese
by the inexperienced student, while a few British species having
hypogynous stamens would seem to be naturally placed in the
Thalamifloral division. To avoid the confusion thus arising, a more

- XXIV

artificial arrangement, like that adopted in the accompanying Key,
becomes necessary, to enable the unscientific student to discover the
order to which any plant he may meet with in the fields is to be
referred. The characters given, referring only to the plants of the
order or genus indigenous to this country, are as simple as possible,
and will probably enable the reader to find readily the description
and figure of any native plant in the work.

The space allotted to the descriptive portion of our book is so
small, that it has been impossible to give in many instances one
sufficient, alone, for the perfect identification of the plant ; and the
aim has been rather to add those characteristics not clearly shown
in the figure, and which are most easily recognized, than those by
which the species is accurately determined by the botanist : in many
cases three or four lines would have been necessary to give such
characters as would enable the student to determine the species
without the aid of the figure, when one line of description only
could be admitted ; the descriptions must therefore be considered
only subordinate to the plates. The normal habitat of each plant
is given, together with the general height above the ground,
its duration, time of flowering, and the colour of the flower; the
height and colour are, however, in most cases very variable. The
fraction at the end of the description denotes the scale upon
which the flower is drawn in the plate — usually one-half or two-
thirds the natural size : the size of the flower, however, is likewise
subject to much variation ; where no scale is given, the figure i3
the natural size. The works to which references are made, are the
1st edition of the * English Botany/ by Sowerby and Smith; the
2nd edition of the same work by Sowerby and Johnson ; the 7th
edition of Hooker and Arnott's ‘ British Flora / the 4th edition of
Babington’s * Manual of British Botany / and Lindley’s ‘ Synopsis
of the British Flora/

KEY TO THE NATURAL ORDERS,

EXOGENS.

Stem with distinct wood, pith, and baric.

Leaves net-veined.

Embryo with 2 or more cotyledons.

Parts of the flower generally 2, 4, or 5, or their multiples — rarely
3 or its multiples.

Petals distinct. Stamens hypogynous.

* Stamens 12, or more.

1. Ranuncurace.e. Ovary of 1 or more distinct carpels.

3. Nymph.eace.e. Aquatic plants. Petals passing into stamens towards the

centre. Ovary many -celled.

4. Papaveracea:. Herbs. Ovary of 2 or more carpels, 1 -celled, with parietal

placentas. Sepals falling when the flower opens.

8. Cistaceas. Small shrubs. Ovary of several carpels, 1 -celled. Sepals per¬

manent.

17. Hypericace.e. Herbs or shrubs. Ovary many-celled. Leaves opposite, dotted.

Stamens united into several groups.

15. MalvacE/E. Herbs or shrubs. Ovary many-celled. Stamens united into a

column.

16. Tiliace.®. Trees. Ovary many-celled, 1 -celled when in fruit. Stamens distinct.
7. Resedace.e. Herbs. Ovary 1 -celled, opening at the top. Flowers irregular.

** Stamens under 12, filaments distinct,
t Flowers regular.

6. Crucifer.®. Herbs. Petals 4. Stamens 4 long and 2 short.

10. Droserace.e. Herbs with entire radical leaves covered with glandular hairs.

2. Berberidace.e. Herbs or shrubs. Stamens all opposite the petals. Ovary

1 -celled. Anthers opening by recurved valves.

13. Caryophyllace.e. Herbs with jointed stems and opposite leaves. Placenta

free and central. ■

12. Frankeniace.e. Herbs. Stamens alternate with the petals. Sepals united.
Placentas parietal.

18. Acerace.®. Trees. Fruit 2-winged. Ovary 2-lobed, 2-celled.

22. Stapiiyleace^e. A shrub. Fruit bladder-like.

19. Geraniace.e. Carpels 5, surrounding a long beak.

tt Flowers irregular.

9. Violace.e. Stamens 5. Ovary 1 -celled, opening by 3 valves.

20. Balsaminace.e. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled.

*** Stamens under 12, filaments more or less connected at the base,
t Flowers regular.

14. Linace.e. Stamens 4 or 5. Carpels 1- or 2-seeded, without a beak.

19. Geraniace.e. Stamens 10. Carpels 5, surrounding a long beak. Style 1.

21. Oxalidace.e. Stamens 10. Styles 5.

e

XXVI

KEY TO THE NATURAL ORDERS.

ft Flowers irregular.

5. Fumarface.e. Stamens 6, in 2 bundles. Fruit 1 -celled.

11. Polyoalace.e. Stamens 8, in 2 bundles. Fruit 2-celled.

25. Leguminos.e. Stamens 10. Flowers papilionaceous. Fruit a Iegumft.

7. Resedace.e. Stamens 10 or more. Fruit 1-celled, opening at the top.

Petals distinct. Stamens perigynous or epigynous.

25. Leouminos^e. Corolla papilionaceous.

2G. Rosacea. Corolla regular. Stamens numerous. Carpels more or less distinct.
Leaves with stipules.

* Ovary superior or half-inferior.

f Carpels several.

34. Crassulace.e. Carpels 2 or more, distinct. Leaves without stipules.

tf Ovary solitary, 1-celled.

32. Porti’lace.e. Sepals 2. Placenta central. Leaves without stipules.

33. Illecebrace.«e. Sepals 5. Placenta central with several seeds, or fruit 1 -seeded.
17. IIypericace^e (Paraassia). Sepals 5. Placentas 4, parietal. Seeds many.

30. Tamaricace.e. A shrub. Placentas 3, parietal. Stigmas 3, feathery.

ftt Ovary solitary, 2- or more-celled.

3G. Saxifragace.e. Herbs. Stamens twice as many as the petals. Styles 2,
diverging. Seeds numerous.

24. Riiam.vace.e. Shrubs. Stamens equal in number to the petals, and opposite to
them. Fruit a berry.

23. Celastrace.e. A shrub. Stamens alternating with the petals. Fruit a capsule.
29. Lytiirace.e. Herbs. Calyx valvate in aestivation. Style 1.

50. Pyrolacile. Herbs. Calyx imbricated in aestivation. Style 1.

** Ovary inferior,
t Ovary 1-celled.

35. Grossflariace.e. Ovary 1-celled. Fruit a berry. Sepals and petals 4-5.

Stamens 4-5, alternate with the petals.

ft Ovary 2- or more-celled.

27. Onagrace.*. Stamens 2, 4, or 8. Style 1. Leaves opposite or alternate.

Petals twisted in aestivation.

28. Haloragace.e. Aquatic herbs. Flowers monoecious. Leaves whorled.

39. Cornace.e. Petals 4, valvate in aestivation. Stamens 4, alternating with the
petals. Leaves opposite.

38. Araliace.e. An evergreen creeping shrub. Petals 5, valvate in aestivation.

37. Um belli ferae. Herbs. Flowers in umbels. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Fruit
splitting into 2 dry 1 -seeded carpels. Leaves alternate.

Petals united.

# Ovary inferior or half-inferior.

+ Flowers sessile, in close heads upon a dish within an involucrum {capitate).

45. Composite. Stamens 5 ; anthers united into a tube.

44. Dipsace.e. Stamens 4 ; anthers separate.

tt Flowers not capitate.

31. Cfjcukbitacejs. A climbing herb. Flowers dioecious. Ovules several in each cell.

KEY TO THE NATURAL ORDERS.

XX VU

§ Ovary with 1 seed-hearing cell ; ovule solitary.

40. Loranthace.e. A parasitic evergreen shrub.

43. Valerianacea:. Style thread-like, bearing a trifid stigma.

41. Capiufoliacejs. Stigmas sessile.

§§ Ovary with 2 or more seed-bearing cells.

48. Vacciniace.e. Small shrubs. Stamens free from the corolla. Leaves alternate.

41. Caprifoliacea:. Shrubs. Stamens upon the corolla. Leaves opposite.

38. Araliacea: (Adoxa). An herb. Styles 4 or 5. Stamens united in pairs.

42. Rubiacea:. Herbs. Leaves whorled, or opposite with leafy stipules between.

Stamens upon the corolla. Styles 1 or 2.

40. Campanulaceai. Herbs. Corolla regular. Stamens free from the corolla.
Style 1.

47. Lobeliace.e. Herbs. Corolla irregular. Style 1.

** Ovary superior. Flowers irregular.

60. Orobanchacea:. Plant leafless, scaly.

62. Labiata:. Ovary in 4 distinct lobes.

61. Scrophulariacea:. Ovary undivided. Stamens 5.

+ Ovary undivided. Stamens 2.

64. Lentibulariaceai. Corolla spurred at the base.

61. Scrophulariacea: (Veronica). Corolla not spurred.

f-f Ovary undivided. Stamens 2 long and 2 short.

63. Verbenacea:. Cells of the ovary 2 or 4, single-seeded.

61. Scrophulariacea:. Cells of the ovary 2, with 2 or more seeds in each.

+tt Stamens 8, in 2 groups.

11. Polygalacea:. Stamens connected with the petals.

*** Ovary superior. Flowers regular, or nearly so.
f Stamens free from the corolla.

49. Ericaceae Small shrubs. Petals quite united. Style 1.

50. Pyrolacea:. Herbs. Petals but slightly united. Style 1. Stamens 10.

67. Plantaginacea:. Herbs. Flowers monoecious. Style 1. Stamens 4.

34. Crassulacea:. Styles several.

tt Stamens 2, upon the corolla.

53. Oleacea:. Trees or shrubs.

61. Scrophulariacea: (Veronica). Herbs. Petals slightly irregular.

+tt Stamens 4, upon the corolla.

52. Aquifoliacea:. An evergreen tree or shrub.

61. Scrophulariacea: (Limosella). An herb. Leaves radical. Capsule l-celled.
Calyx 5-cleft.

67. Plantaginacea:. Herbs. Capsule 2- or 4-celled. Calyx 4-cleft. Leaves all
radical.

65. Primulacea: (Centunculus). An herb. Leaves alternate. Calyx 4-cleft.
Capsule l-celled.

55. Gentianacea:. Herbs. Leaves opposite.

t+tt Stamens 5 or more, upon the corolla.

54. Apocynacea:. Ovaries 2. Style 1.

58. Boraginaceje. Ovary 4-lobed. Stylo 1.

52. Aquifoliacea. Fruit a succulent berry. Stigmas sessile.

59. Solan acea. Fruit a succulent berry, 2-celled. Style 1.

xxvm

KEY TO THE NATURAE ORDERS.

65. Primulace.e. Stamens opposite the petals. Fruit dry, 1-celled. Style 1.

66. Plumbagi.yace.e. Fruit dry, 1-celled. Seed 1. Styles 5.

57. ConvolvulacejE. Stamens alternate with the petals. Fruit dry, 1- or 2-cellecL
Seeds few. Style 1.

55. Gentianace.e. Stamens alternate with the petals. Fruit dry, 1- or 2-celled,

many-seeded. Leaves opposite.

59. Solanace.e. Stamens alternate with the petals. Fruit dry, 2-celled, or nearly
4-celled, many-seeded. Leaves alternate.

56. PoLEMONiACEiE. Fruit dry, 3-celled.

51. Monotropace.e. Fruit dry, 4- or 5-celled. Plant scaly, leafless.

Floral envelope (calyx) single or wanting.

A. Barren and fertile flowers in catkins.

82. Myricace.e. Monoecious or dioecious. Fruit a succulent drupe.

83. Betulace.e. Fruit dry. Monoecious.

84. Salicace.e. Fruit dry. Dioecious.

B. Barren flowers only, in catkins.

81. Eleagnace.e. Ovary superior. Dioecious.

85. CuruuFERiE. Ovary inferior. Monoecious.

86. Conifer.e. Seed in cones, or surrounded by a fleshy involucrum. Leaves

linear, needle-like.

C. Flowers not in catkins.

40. Loran’tiiacea:. An evergreen parasitic shrub.

76. Eupiiorbiace.e. Flowers in terminal clusters, surrounded by bracts. Ovary
stalked, with 3 one-seeded cells. Juice milky.

* Ovary inferior,
f Cells many-seeded.

36. Saxifragace.e. Stamens 8-10. Styles 2.

27. Onagrace.e. Stamens 4. Style 1.

74. Aristolochiace.e. Stamens 6-12.

ft Cells 1 -seeded.

28. Haloragace.e. Leaves whorled. Aquatic.

73. Santalace.e. Leaves alternate. Terrestrial.

, ** Ovaries several, superior.

1 . Ranunculace.e. Stamens hypogynous.

26. Rosace.e. Stamens perigynous.

*#* Ovary 1, superior, with 2 or more cells.

t Monoecious or dioecious.

76. Eupiiorbiace.e. Terrestrial. Fruit capsular, of 2 or 3 one-seeded cells.

75. E.mpetrace.e. Terrestrial. Fruit fleshy. Stamens 3.

77. Callitriciiace.e. Aquatic plants. Fruit of 4 one-seeded carpels.

ft Flowers perfect.

80. Ulmaceas. Trees. Stamens 5. Fruit dry, winged.

24. Riiamnace.e. Shrubs. Stamens 4 or 5. Fruit a berry.

53. Ole ace/E. Trees. Stamens 2.

29. Lytiirace/E. Herbs.

**** Ovary 1, superior, 1-celled.
f Calyx coloured and petal-like.

65. Primulace.e. Leaves without stipules. Stamens 5.

KEY TO THE NATURAL ORDERS.

XXIX

72. Thymeleace/E. Leaves without stipules. Stamens 8.

71. Polygonace*. Leaves with stipules sheathing the stem.

ft Calyx not petal-like. Leaves with stipules.

7 1 . Polygon ace*. Stipules sheathing the stem.

2G. Rosace*. Stipules attached to the petiole.

79. Urticace*. Stipules deciduous.

+ft Calyx not petal-like. Leaves without stipules.

§ Terrestrial herbs.

70. Scleranthace.e. Calyx contracted round the fruit.

08. Amaranth ace*. Calyx free. Stamens hypogynous. Fruit opening transversely.
69. Ciienopodiace*. Calyx free. Stamens perigynous. Fruit indehiscent.

§§ Aquatic plants.

78. Ceratofiiyllace.e. Stamens 12 or more.

28. Haloragace*. Stamens 1-8.

ENDOGENS.

Stem without distinct wood and bark.

Leaves usually with parallel veins.

Embryo with 1 cotyledon.

Parts of the flower usually 3 or its multiples.

Leaves with netted veins.

87. Dioscoreace*. A climbing herb. Leaves alternate.

88. Trilliace*. An herb. Leaves in a terminal whorl.

98. Ausmace.e. Leaves radical.

Leaves with parallel veins.

* Flowers with distinct calyx and corolla.

98. Alismace.e. Ovaries several, superior.

89. Hydrocharidace.e. Ovary 1, inferior. Dioecious.

90. Orciiidace*. Ovary 1, inferior. Stamens and pistil united.

** Flowers enclosed in a perianth,
f Ovary inferior.

90. Orchidace*. Flowers irregular. Stamens and pistil united, obscure.

91. Iridace*. Flowers regular. Stamens 3.

92. Amaryllidace.e. Flowers regular. Stamens 6.

ft Ovary superior. Perianth petal-like.

93. Liliace.e. Stamens 6. Anthers opening inwards. Style entire.

94. Melanthace.e. Stamens 6. Anthers opening outwards. Style divided into 3.

96. Juncace.e (Narthecium). Stamens 6. Perianth becoming dry and scale-like

when withered, persistent.

97. Butomace.e. Stamens 9. Flowers in an umbel.

95. Restiace.e. Flowers in a compact scaly head, monoecious.

ttt Ovary superior. Perianth dry and scale-like.

96. Jcncace*. Fruit a capsule. Flowers in panicles or clusters, with a bract

beneath.

102. Orontiace.e. Fruit a berry. Flowers arranged in a spike, springing from
the leaf.

100. Typjiace.e. Flowers in globular heads. Monoecious.

XXX

TABLE OF GENERA.

*** Perianth inconspicuous.

99. JpncaginAcee. Sepals herbaceous. Marsh plants.

104. Naiadace.e. Sepals scale-like. Plants aquatic, submerged or floating.

93. Liuacee (Ruscus). An evergreen shrub with spiny leaves.

#**# Flowers enclosed in a spathe or membranous sheath.

101. Arace.e. Flowers in a spike or spadix, monoecious. Herbs.

103. Pistiace.e. Small stemless floating plants. Flowers on the margin of the leaf.

104. Naiadace.e. Submerged or floating. Flowers axillary.

***** Flowers without any covering.

104. Naiadace.e. Aquatic, submerged. Flowers in a slit in the grass-like leaf.
100. Typhace/E. Marsh plants. Flowers on a spike. Monoecious.

Flowers enclosed in glumes or scales, one above another.

106. Gramine.e. Stems jointed. Anthers attached by the middle.

105. Cyperacre. Stems not jointed. Anthers attached by the base.

TABLE OE GENERA.

Order I. RANUNCULACE^E.

1. Clematis. A climber with opposite leaves. Petals none. Sepals white. Car¬

pels 1 -seeded.

* Herbs. Carpels 1-seeded.

2. Thalictrum. Involucrum none. Petals none. Stamens longer than the sepals.

3. Anemone. Involucrum of 3 leaves, somewhat beneath the flower. Petals none.

Sepals petaloid, coloured.

4. Adonis. Petals 5-10, without a scale at the base.

5. Myosurus. Carpels very numerous, in a long column. Sepals with a spur at

the base. Petals very small.

6. Ranunculus. Petals with a scale at the base. Sepals not spurred at the base

Carpels in a globular or oblong head.

** Carpels with several seeds.

7. Caltha. Petals none. Sepals yellow and petaloid.

8. Trollius. Petals small, flat, linear. Sepals yellow, very concave.

9. Helleborus. Petals very small, tubular. Sepals green.

10. Aquilegia. Sepals flat, coloured, deciduous. Petals 5, each with a long spur

at the base.

11. Delphinium. Sepals 5, coloured; upper one with a spur at the base. Petals

4, connected, forming a spur.

12. Aconitum. Sepals 5, coloured ; upper one hood-shaped. Petals small, irregular.

13. Actasa. Stamens placed upon a glandular disk. Carpels solitary, berry-like.

Petals 4. Calyx deciduous, petaloid.

14. PiEONiA. Stamens upon a glandular disk. Calyx green, persistent. Carpels

several.

Order II. BERBERIDACE^E.

. Bf.rueris. A bush. Stamens 6.

2. Ei imedium. Herbaceous. Stamens 4.

TARLE OP GENERA.

XXXI

Order III. NYMPH^EACE^E.

1. Nymph.® A. Calyx greenish without, of 4 sepals. Petals and stamens placed

upon the base of the ovary.

2. Nuphar. Calyx yellow, of 5 sepals. Petals and stamens placed upon the

receptacle.

Order IY. PAPAYERACEiE.

1. Papaver. Fruit nearly globular or oblong. Stigma rayed, sessile.

2. Meconopsis. Fruit oblong. Stigma rayed, with a short style.

3. Glaucium. Fruit linear. Flowers large, red or purple.

4. Cuelidonium. Fruit linear. Flowers small, yellow.

Order Y. EUMARIACE^E.

1. Fumaria. Fruit a roundish nut, 1 -seeded.

2. Corydalis. Fruit elongated, many-seeded, 2-valved.

Order YI. CRECIFERE3.

* Fruit a short pod ( Silicula ).

1. Cakile. Pod angular, compressed, formed of 2 joints ; the upper one deci¬

duous. Joints l -seeded, the lower sometimes barren. Indehiscent.

2. Crambe. Pod formed of 2 joints ; upper joint globose, deciduous, 1-seeded ;

lower one abortive, like a short footstalk. Indehiscent.

3. Coronopus. Pod of 2 cells, placed side by side ; cells 1-seeded, indehiscent.

Leaves pinnatifid.

4. Isatis. Pod linear-oblong, smooth, 1-celled, 1-seeded, laterally compressed;

the valves keeled, at length separating.

5. Vella. Pod elliptical, terminating in a flat winged style, twice the length of

the valves.

6. Tiilaspi. Pod laterally compressed, emarginate, with the valves winged at

the back ; cells 2-8-seeded. Petals entire.

7. Capsella. Pod laterally compressed, obcordate, wedge-shaped at the base;

valves sharply keeled ; cells many-seeded. Petals entire.

8. Hutchinsia. Pod elliptical, entire ; valves keeled at the back ; cells 2-seeded.

Petals entire.

9. Teesdalia. Pod oval, depressed, indented at the apex ; valves keeled ; cells

2-seeded. Calyx deciduous. Petals entire, unequal. Stamens with a scale
at the base.

10. Iberis. Pod much depressed, emarginate; valves winged; cells 1-seeded.

Two outer petals largest.

11. Lepidium. Pod ovate or cordate ; valves keeled ; cells 1-seeded. Petals equal.

12. Cochlearia. Pod globular or ovate, turgid ; cells many-seeded ; style per¬

sistent. Petals entire.

13. Subularia. Aquatic, with awl-shaped leaves. Pod oval ; style deciduous ;

cells 4-seeded.

14. Draba. Pod oval or oblong, entire, sometimes twisted ; valves flat or slightly

convex. Seeds numerous in each cell.

15. Camelina. Pods inflated, subovate, on long stalks ; cells many-seeded. Flowers

yellow.

16. Koniga. Pod subovate ; valves nearly flat ; cells 1-seeded. Leaves entire.

17. Alyssum. Pod compressed, indented at the apex ; valves convex in the middle,

flat at the edges ; cells usually 2-seeded. Petals notched.

** Fruit an elongated pod ( Siliqua ).

18. Dentaria. Pods flat, linear, tapering ; valves without ribs. Seed-stalks broad.

Style filiform. Seeds ovate, not bordered, in one row.

XXXil

TABLE OF GENERA.

19. Cardamine. Pod flat, linear; valves flat, ribles9. Style short, or absent.

Seed-stalks slender. Seeds ovate, not bordered.

20. Arabis. Pod linear, compressed ; valves with 1 rib, or many longitudinal

veins. Stigma sessile. Seeds in 1 row. Calyx erect.

21. Turritis. Pod linear, 2-edged ; valves with a prominent rib. Seeds in 2 rows.

Calyx lax.

22. Barbarea. Pod linear, 4-angled ; valves keeled, concave, not pointed. Seeds

in 1 row. Calyx erect.

23. Nasturtium. Pod nearly cylindrical, oblong or linear, without veins or keel.

Seeds in 2 irregular rows. Calyx spreading.

24. Sisymbrium. Pod linear, rounded or angular ; valves concave. Calyx equal.

Seeds in 1 row.

25. Erysimum. Pod linear, 4-angled; valves prominently keeled. Style very

short. Seeds in 1 row. Calyx erect, equal at the base.

26. Cheiranthus. Pod linear, compressed, or 2-edged, with an elevated rib on

each valve. Stigma upon a style, 2-lobed. Calyx erect, 2 opposite sepals
saccate at the base.

27. Matthiola. Pod rounded or compressed. Stigma sessile, lobes erect. Calyx

erect, 2 opposite sepals saccate at the base. Longer filaments dilated.

28. Hesperis. Pod 4-angled or compressed. Stigmas 2, erect, nearly sessile. Seeds

somewhat triangular. Calyx erect, 2 opposite sepals saccate at the base.

29. Brassica. Pod rounded or angular, with a conical beak. Calyx erect.

30. Sinapis. Pod rounded or angular, with a conical beak. Calyx spreading.

31. Raphanus. Pod without valves, separating into several joints.

Order VII. RESEDACE^E.

1. Reseda. The only British genus.

Order VIII. CISTACE.ZE.

1. Helianthemum. The only British genus.

Order IX. VIOLACEJE.

1. Viola. The only British genus.

Order X. DROSERACEiE.

1. Drosera. The only British genus.

Order XI. POLYGALACEiE.

1. Polygala. The only British genus.

Order XII. FRANKENIACE^E.

1. Frankenia. The only British genus.

Order XIII. CARYO PHY PLACED.

1. Elatine. Sepals distinct. Capsule completely 3- or 4-cellcd, opening by 4

valves. Stem creeping.

* Calyx tubular. Stamens 10.

2. Dianthus. Calyx with bracts beneath.

3. Saponaria. Calyx without bracts, rounded. Styles 2.

4. Cucubalus. Capsule fleshy, berry-like.

5. Silene. Capsule dry, opening at the apex. Stvles 3 or 4.

6. Lychnis. Capsule opening at the apex. Styles 5 Petals with a scale at the base.

TABLE OF GENERA.

XXXlll

7. Agrostemma. Capsule opening at the apex. Styles 5. Petals without ap¬

pendage. Calyx-teeth long and linear.

** Sepals distinct.

8. Buffonia. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 4. Capsule opening by 2 valves.

9. Sagina. Styles as many as the sepals, and opposite to them, 4-5. Capsule

opening by an equal number of valves. Petals minute.

10. McENcniA. Sepals 4. Petals 4, entire. Stamens 4. Styles 3. Capsule open¬

ing by 8 valves or teeth.

11. Holosteum. Sepals 5. Petals 5, indented at the end. Capsule opening at

the apex with 6 teeth. Styles 3.

12. Spergula. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Styles 5, alternating with the sepals.

13. Stellaria. Sepals 5. Petals 5, bifid. Styles 3. Capsule opening by 6 valves

or teeth.

14. Arenaria. Sepals 5. Petals 5, entire. Styles 3 or 5, and opposite the sepals.

15. Cerastium. Sepals 5. Petals 5, bifid. Capsule opening with 10 teeth. Styles 3-5.

16. Cherleria. Sepals 5. Petals very minute or wanting. Styles 3. Capsule

opening by 3 valves.

Order XIY. LIXACEvE.

1. Linum. Petals and stamens 5.

2. Radiola. Petals and stamens 4.

Order XY. MALYACEiE.

1. Lavatera. Involucrum 3-cleft.

2. Malva. Involucrum of 3 distinct bracts.

3. Altilea. Involucrum 6-9-cleft.

Order XYI. TILIACExE.

1. Tilia. The only British genus.

Order XYII. HYPEBICACEiE.

1. Hypericum. Stamens many, united into 3 or 4 groups at the base. Flowers

yellow.

2. Parnassia. Stamens 5, perigynous, with 5 fringed nectaries between. Flowers

white.

Order XYIII. ACEBACEiE.

1. Acer. The only British genus.

Order XIX. GEBAXIACEiE.

1. Geranium. Fruit with a long recurved awn.

2. Erodium. Fruit with a long spiral awn.

Order XX. BALSAMIXACEiE.

1. Impatiens. The only British genus.

Order XXI. OXALIDACEiE.

1. Oxalis. The only British genus.

Order XXII. STAPHYLEACEiE.

1. Stapii ylea. The only British genus.

/

XXXIV

TABT.E OP GENEKA.

Order XXIII. CELASTRACEiE.

1. Euonymus. The only British genus.

Order XXIV. HHAMNACEiE.

1. Riiamnus. The only British genus.

Order XXV. LEGUHINOSiE.

* Stamens all united by their filaments.

1. Ulex. All the branches spinous. Leaves minute. Calyx with 2 bracts at the

base. Sepals nearly as long as the corolla. Standard bifid.

2. Genista. Flowering branches not spinous. Calyx without bracts, much shorter

than the corolla, 3-cleft. Standard entire.

3. Cytisus. Calyx much shorter than the corolla, without bracts, 2-lipped, tho

lower lip with 3 teeth. Standard large, ovate. Pod flat.

4. Ononis. Calyx much shorter than the corolla, 5-cleft. Leaves simple or ternate.

5. Anthyllis. Calyx much shorter than the corolla, 5-cleft. Leaves pinnate.

** One stamen distinct, the rest united.

6. Medicago. Pod sickle-shaped, or spirally curved. Leaves ternate.

7. Melilotus. Pod nearly straight. Calyx-teeth 5, nearly equal. Keel blunt.

Leaves ternate. Petals deciduous.

8. Trifolium. Pod nearly straight. Calyx-teeth 5, unequal. Petals slightly

connected, persistent ; keel blunt. Leaves ternate.

9. Lotus. Pod nearly straight. Calyx-teeth nearly equal. Keel with a narrow

point. Leaves ternate.

10. Oxytropis. Pod nearly 2-celled. Keel with a narrow point. Leaves pinnate.

11. Astragalus. Pod nearly 2-celled. Keel obtuse. Leaves pinnate.

12. Ornitiiopus. Pod compressed, curved, jointed. Leaves pinnate.

13. Hippocrepis. Pod compressed, formed of crescent-shaped joints. Leaves

pinnate.

14. Onobryciiis. Pod 1-seeded, toothed on the lower margin. Leaves pinnate.

15. Vicia. Pod 1-celled, many-seeded. Style filiform, hairy beneath the stigma.

Leaves pinnate, with tendrils.

1G. Ervum. Pod 1-celled, with several seeds. Stigma downy all orer. Leaves
pinnate, with tendrils.

17. Latiiyrus. Pod 1-celled, many-seeded. Style flat, dilated upwards, downy in

front. Leaves pinnate or simple, sometimes with tendrils.

18. Pisum. Pod 1-celled, many-seeded. Style compressed, keeled, somewhat tri¬

angular, downy above. Leaves pinnate, with tendrils.

19. Orobus. Pod 1-celled. Style flat, downy on the upper side. Leaves pinnate,

without tendrils.

Order XXVI. ROSACEiE.

1. Prunus. Fruit a drupe. Ovary superior, of 1 carpel. Calyx deciduous.

2. Spir/ea. Fruit formed of several follicles, arranged in aring upon the calyx-tube.

3. Dryas. Carpels with a feather-like awn. Disk flat.

4. Geum. Carpels with a feather-like jointed awn. Disk elongated.

6. Rubus. Fruit formed of a number of drupes, in a simple calyx.

G. Fragaria. Fruit formed of carpels on a fleshy receptacle, falling when ripe.
Calyx double.

7. Comarum. Carpels on a spongy persistent receptacle. Calyx double. Petals

smaller than the calyx.

TABLE OF GENERA.

XXXV

8. Potentilla. Carpels on a dry flat disk. Calyx double. Petals 5, larger than

the calyx.

9. Tormentilla. Carpels on a dry flat disk. Calyx double. Petals 4, larger than

the calyx.

10. Sibbaldia. Carpels on the bottom of the calyx. Calyx double. Petals 5,

minute.

11. Agrimonia. Carpels 2, enclosed within the calyx-tube. Petals 5. Calyx single.

12. Alciiemilla. Carpels 1 or 2, within the calyx-tube. Petals none. Calyx double.

13. Sangcisorba. Carpels 1 or 2, within the calyx-tube. Petals none. Calyx

single, with bracts below. Stamens 4.

14. Poterium. Carpels 1 or 2, within the calyx-tube. Petals none. Calyx single.

Stamens numerous.

15. Rosa. Fruit formed of small nuts, within the fleshy calyx-tube.

Fruit a pome.

16. Mespiujs. Calyx-teeth large and leafy. Petals large. Disk nearly as broad

as the fruit.

17. Crat/egus. Calyx-teeth small. Petals large. Carpels bony.

18. Cotoneaster. Calyx-teeth small. Petals small, erect.

19. Pyrus. Calyx-teeth small. Petals large. Carpels cartilaginous. Disk of fruit

small.

Order XXVII. OXAGEACEJ2.

1. Epilobiuh. Calyx 4-cleft. Stamens 8.

2. (Enothera. Calyx tubular below. Stamens 8.

3. Isnardia. Calyx 4-cleft. Stamens 4.

4. Circe a. Calyx 2-cleft, deciduous. Stamens 2.

Order XXVIII. HALOEAGACEAti.

1. Hippuris. Stigma 1.

2. Myriopiiylluji. Stigmas 4.

Order XXIX. LYTHEACEJE.

1. Lytiirum. Calyx tubular, cylindrical. Style filiform.

2. Peplis. Calyx bell-shaped. Style very short.

Order XXX. TAMAEICACE^E.

1. Tamarix. The only British genus.

Order XXXI. CUCUEBITACEiE.

1. Bryonia. The only British genus.

Order XXXII. POETULACEiE.

1. Montia. The only British genus.

Order XXXIII. ILLECEBEACEJE.

1. Corrigiola. Fruit 1 -seeded, indeliiscent. Petals oblong. Leaves alternate.

2. Herniaria. Fruit 1 -seeded, indehiscent. Petals filiform. Leaves opposite.

3. Illecebrum. Fruit 1-seeded, opening in 5 valves. Leaves opposite.

4. Polycarpon. Fruit with several seeds, 3-valved.

Order XXXIV. CEASSULACE^E.

1. Till.ea. Petals distinct, 3 or 4. Stamens alternating with the petals.

2. Cotyledon. Petals united into a tube.

/2

XXXVI

TABLE OF GENEKA.

3. Sempervivum. Petals distinct, about 12.

4. Riiodiola. Plant dioecious.

5. Sedum. Petals distinct, 4-6.

Order XXXY. GROSSULARIACEiE.

1. Riijes. The only Bi-itish genus.

Order XXXYI. SAXIFIiAGACEJE.

1. Saxifraga. Petals 5. Ovary 2-cellecL.

2. Cuuysosple.mum. Petals none. Ovary 1-celled.

Order XXXYII. UMBELLIFEIEE.

1. IIydrocotyle. Leaves peltate. Flowers nearly sessile.

* Umbels simple, or partly so. Fruit ovate, without ridge*.

2. Sanicula. Fruit covered with hooked prickles.

3. Eryngicm. Fruit covered with scales. Leaves prickly.

** Umbels compound.

t Fruit laterally compressed, with 5 ridges.

4. Cicuta. Involucrum wanting, or of few leaves. Involucels many-leaved.

Calyx 5-toothed. Petals with an indexed point. Fruit double; carpels
with 5 nearly dat equal ridges, with single vittae between.

5. Apicm. Involucrum and involucels wanting. Calyx-teeth wanting. Petals

with an involute point. Fruit roundish, contracted laterally ; carpels with
5 dliform ridges, with vittae between.

6. Petroselinum. Involucrum few-leaved. Involucels many-leaved. Petals with

a long indexed lobe. Fruit contracted laterally; carpels with 5 equal
ridges, ■with vittae between.

7. Trinia. Flowers dioecious. (The only dioecious genus.)

8. Helosciadium. Involucel many-leaved. Calyx of 5 teeth, or obsolete. Petals

ovate, pointed. Fruit ovate or oblong ; carpels 5-ribbed, with single vittae
between.

0. Sison. Involucrum few-leaved. Calyx-teeth wanting. Petals obcordate, with
an incurved point. Fruit ovate, with short clavate vittae between the
ridges.

10. AtGOPODiuM. Involucrum wanting. Calyx-teeth wanting. Petals with an

indexed point. Carpels without vittae.

11. Carum. Calyx-teeth wanting. Petals obovate, with a narrow indexed point.

Fruit oblong. Yittae single between the ribs.

12. Bunium. Involucrum wanting. Involucel few-leaved. Petals obovate, with a

broad indexed point. Fruit linear-oblong. Vittae 2 or 3 between the
obtuse ribs.

13. Pimpinella. Involucrum and involucels wanting. Calyx-teeth wanting. Petals

obovate, with an indexed point. Fruit ovate. Vittae 3 or more together.

14. Sium. Calyx-teeth 5, or wanting. Petals obcordate, with an indexed point.

Fruit laterally compressed or contracted, crowned by the depressed base of
the styles. Vittae 3 or more together.

15. Blpi.eurl’m. Calyx obsolete. Petals roundish, with a broad redexed point.

Fruit laterally compressed. Leaves simple.

ft Fruit rounded , with 5 ridges.

16. (Enanthe. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals obcordate, with an indexed point. Fruit

tapering, crowned by the straight styles. Vittae single. Ridges blunt.

17. jEtiiusa. Involucrum wanting. Involucel 3-leaved, pendulous. Calyx ob¬

solete. Petals obcordate, with an indexed point. Fruit roundish-ovate.
Ridges acute. Vittae single.

TABLE OF GENEKA.

XXXV11

18. Fceniculum. Calyx obsolete. Petals roundish, with a broad indexed lobe.

Fruit oblong. Vittae single.

19. Seseli. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals obcordate, with a reflexed point. Fruit

oval or oblong. Ridges thick, elevated. Vittae single.

20. Ligusticum. Calyx 5-toothed or obsolete. Petals obcordate, with an inflexed

point. Fruit elliptical. Ridges sharp. Vittae many together. Leaves bi-
ternate.

21. Silaus. Involucrum few-leaved. Involucel many-leaved. Petals obovate,

with an inflexed lobe. Ridges sharp, with many vittae between. Leaves
pinnatifid.

22. Meum. Involucrum few-leaved. Involucel many-leaved. Petals elliptical,

incurved at the point. Ridges acute. Vittae many.

23. Crithmum. Involucrum and involucel many-leaved. Petals elliptical, entire,

involute. Ridges sharp. Vittae many. Plant succulent.

ttt Fruit dorsally compressed, with a wing on each side.

24. Angelica. Involucrum deciduous. Involucel many-leaved. Three middle

ridges elevated ; two lateral spreading into a double wing on each side the
fruit.

25. Peucedanum. Calyx 5-toothed or obsolete. Petals obovate or obcordate, with

an inflexed point. Fruit flattened at the back, with a thin dilated margin.
Vittae single.

26. Pastinaca. Involucrum wanting. Calyx nearly obsolete. Petals roundish,

entire, involute, pointed. Fruit much compressed, with a dilated margin.
Ridges very slender. Vittae linear, single.

27. Heracleum. Fruit dorsally compressed, with a broad flat margin. Vittae short.

28. Tordylium. Involucrum and involucel many-leaved. Wings of fruit waved

or crenated.

tttt Fruit prickly. Carpels with secondary ridges between the others.

29. Daucus. Fruit compressed dorsally. Carpels with 5 bristly ridges, and 4

secondary ones with prickles. Seed plane in front.

30. Caucalis. Fruit laterally compressed. Ridges prickly. Vittae beneath the

secondary ridges.

31. Torilis. Fruit laterally compressed. Secondary ridges hidden beneath the

prickles.

ttttt Fruit compressed at the side, elongated, with primary ridges only.

32. Scandix. Calyx obsolete. Petals obovate, with an inflexed point. Fruit with

a very long beak. Carpels with 5 obtuse ridges. Vittae none.

33. Antiiriscus. Calyx obsolete. Petals obcordate, with a short inflexed point.

Fruit beaked ; beak only with ridges. Vittae none.

34. Ch.kropiiyllum. Calyx obsolete. Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point.

Fruit not beaked. Carpels with 5 obtuse ridges. Vittae single.

35. Myrrhis. Calyx obsolete. Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point. Fruit

not beaked. Ridges 5, sharp. Vittae none.

36. Echinophora. Fruit ovate, included in the receptacle, with a projecting

beak.

37. Conium. Carpels with 5 prominent, equal, crenated ridges. Vittae none.

38. Piiysospermum. Calyx 5-toothed. Carpels with 5 equal filiform ridges. Vittae

single.

39. Smyrnium. Calyx obsolete. Petals lanceolate, with a long inflexed point.

Fruit double. Three dorsal ridges prominent and sharp. ATittae many.

tttttt Fruit globular.

40. Coriandrum. Calyx 5-tootlied. Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point ; the

outer radiant and bifid. Fruit globular, the carpels scarcely separating.
Secondary ridges prominent, primary nearly obsolete.

c-l CO ■'*'

xxx vm

TABLE OF GENERA.

Order XXXVIII. ARALIACEiG.

1. Adoxa. An herbaceous plant.

2. Hedera. An evergreen climbing shrub.

Order XXXIX. CORNACE^E.

1. Cornl-s. The only British genus.

Order XL. LORANTHACEjE.

1. Viscum. The only British genus.

Order XLI. CAPRIEOLIACEvE.

1. Sambucus. Stigmas sessile. Corolla rotate. Leaves pinnate.

. Viburnum. Stigmas sessile. Corolla bell-shaped. Leaves simple.

. Lonicera. Stigma on a filiform style. Stamens 5.

. Linn.ea. Stigma on a filiform style. Stamens 4.

Order XLII. RUBIACEiE.

1. Rubia. Corolla rotate. Fruit succulent.

2. Galium. Corolla rotate. Fruit dry.

3. Siierardia. Corolla funnel-shaped. Fruit crowned with the calyx.

4. AsrEEULA. Corolla funnel-shaped. Fruit not crowned with the calyx.

Order XLIII. VALERI AN ACE.E.

1. Centranthus. Stamen 1.

2. Valeriana. Stamens 3. Fruit 1-celled.

3. Fedia. Stamens 3. Fruit 3-celled.

Order XLIV. DIPSACEiE.

1. Dipsacus. Receptacle with spinous scales.

2. Scabiosa. Receptacle scaly or hairy.

Order XLV. COMPOSITE.

* Florets all perfect,
t Corollas all ligulate.

1. Tragopocon. Involucrum simple. Fruit longitudinally striated. Pappus

feathery, stalked.

2. Helmintiiia. Involucrum double. Fruit transversely striated. Pappus fea¬

thery, stalked.

3. Picris. Involucrum double. Fruit transversely striated. Pappus feathery,

sessile.

4. Sonchus. Involucrum of 2 or 3 rows of imbricated scales, oblong, swelling at

the base. Fruit longitudinally striated. Pappus sessile, hair-like.

5. Lactuca. Involucrum cylindrical, imbricated, the scales membranous at the

margin. Pappus simple, stalked.

G. Prenantiies. Involucrum cylindrical, the principal scales equal, with small
ones below. Florets few. Pappus simple, sessile.

7. Leontodon. Involucrum imbricated, with flaccid scales, the outer ones reflexed.

Pappus simple, stalked.

8. Ai\argia. Involucrum imbricated; inner scales equal, outer smaller. Recep-

taclo punctured. Pappus feathery, sessile.

TABLE OF GENEBA.

XXXIX

9. TnRiNCiA. Pappus of the outer series scaly (otherwise as Apargia).

10. Hieracium. Involucrum imbricated, with linear-oblong scales, ovate. Recep¬

tacle punctured. Pappus simple, sessile.

11. Crepis. Involucrum swollen at the base, surrounded by deciduous scales.

Pappus simple, sessile.

1 2. Borkiiausia. Involucrum oval, with deciduous scales at the base, ribbed when

in fruit. Pappus nearly simple, stalked.

13. Hypocikeris. Involucrum oblong, imbricated. Receptacle chaffy. Pappus

feathery.

14. Lapsana. Involucrum with small scales at the base ; the inner ones equal,

linear-lanceolate. Pappus wanting.

15. Cichorium. Involucrum of 8 united scales, with 5 smaller at the base. Pappus

sessile, scaly, shorter than the fruit.

tt Corollas all tubular.

16. Arctium. Involucrum globose, the scales terminating in a hook. Pappus

simple, short, persistent.

17. Serratula. Dioecious. Involucrum oblong ; scales acute, unarmed. Pappus

persistent, the hairs rigid, in 3 or 4 rows.

18. Saussurea. Involucrum oblong, scales unarmed. Anthers bristly below

Pappus sessile, in 2 rows.

19. Carduus. Involucrum swollen ; the scales simple, spine-pointed. Receptacle

hairy. Pappus deciduous, hair-like, united into a ring at the base.

20. Silybum. Filaments of stamens united (otherwise as Carduus).

21. Cnicus. Pappus feathery (otherwise as Carduus).

22. Onopordum. Involucrum swollen ; the scales spreading, spine-pointed. Recep

tacle honeycombed.

23. Carlina. Involucrum swollen ; the outer scales leaf-like, sinuous, very spiny ;

the inner ones long and linear, coloured. Pappus feathery.

24. Bidens. Involucrum double ; the outer scales leafy, spreading. Outer florets

sometimes ligulate. Receptacle chaffy. Pappus of 2-5, rough, persistent
awns.

25. Eupatorium. Involucrum oblong. Florets few. Receptacle naked. Pappus

feathery.

26. Ciirysocoma. Involucrum hemispherical. Pappus hairy. Style scarcely longer

than the florets.

27. Diotis. Involucrum hemispherical. Receptacle convex, chaffy, the scales not

fringed. Pappus wanting. Fruit with 2 ear-like processes.

** Florets of the centre perfect, those of the circumference with pistils only,
t Outer florets not ligulate.

28. Tanacetum. Involucrum hemispherical. Receptacle naked. Florets all tubu¬

lar ; those of the margin 3-cleft, sometimes wanting, the rest 5-cleft. Pappus
obscure.

29. Artemisia. Involucrum ovate or rounded. Receptacle naked or hairy. Florets

all tubular ; those of the margin slender, entire. Pappus wanting.

30. Antennaria. Involucrum imbricated ; the scales membranous. Receptacle

naked. Florets of the margin awl-shaped. Pappus rough or feathery.
Flowers dioecious.

31. Gnaphalium. Flowers perfect (otherwise as Antennaria).

32. Coryza. Involucrum roundish, imbricated. Florets all tubular ; those of the

circumference 3-toothed. Pappus hairy, rough.

tt Florets of the margin ligulate , those of the disk tubular.

33. Erigeron. Involucrum imbricated ; scales linear, acute, very numerous.

34. Tussilago. Involucrum simple ; scales linear, membranous on the margin.

Florets of the margin ray-like, numerous, linear, long ; those of the disk
few.

xl

TABLE OF GENERA.

35. Petasites. Flower-heads in a dense oral spike ; outer florets not ray-like.

3G. Senecio. Involucrum scales linear, with smaller ones at the base, brown at
the points. Outer florets ray-like (sometimes very slightly). Pappus simple,
hair-like.

37. Aster. Involucrum imbricated, scales linear. Outer florets ray-like, nume¬

rous, blue or purplish.

38. Somdago. Involucrum closely imbricated. Florets of margin few, ray-like,

yellow.

39. Inula. Involucrum imbricated ; scales leaf-like, spreading. Flower-heads

large, terminal ; outer florets ray-like. Pappus simple.

40. Pulicaria. Involucrum hemispherical, closely imbricated, with narrow scales.

Pappus double. Outer florets more or less ray-like.

41. Limbarda. Involucrum imbricated, with linear scales. Pappus simple. An¬

thers with bristles at the base. Leaves succulent.

42. Cineraria. Involucrum simple ; scales many, equal, upright. Pappus simple,

hair-like. Outer florets ray-like.

43. Doronicum. Involucrum double, the scales longer than the disk. Pappus of

the outer florets wanting. Outer florets ray-like. Heads very large.

44. Bellis. Involucrum hemispherical, simple. Receptacle conical. Pappus

wanting. Outer florets ray-like, white or pinkish. Leaves entire.

45. Chrysanthemum. Involucrum hemispherical, imbricated ; scales membranous

on the margin. Pappus wanting. Outer florets white or yellow, ray-like.
Leaves pinnatifid or jagged.

46. Pyrethrum. Fruit crowned with a membranous border. Otherwise a3

Chrysanthemum.

47. Matricaria. Involucrum hemispherical, imbricated; scales obtuse, with a

membranous border. Pappus wanting. Outer florets ray-like, white. Re¬
ceptacle naked, nearly cylindrical.

48. Anthemis. Involucrum hemispherical, imbricated ; scales membranous at the

border. Outer florets ray-like. Receptacle chaffy.

49. Achillea. Involucrum ovate, imbricated. Receptacle narrow, plain, chaffy.

Pappus wanting. Outer florets few, ray-like. Heads in corymbs.

*** Outer florets with neither stamens nor pistils ; the rest with both. Florets all

tubular.

50. Centaurea. Outer florets funnel-shaped, much longer than the rest.

**** Heads monoecious.

51. Xanthium. Fertile involucrum prickly, 2-flowered.

Order XLYI. CAMPANULACEiE.

1. Campanula. Corolla bell-shaped.

2. Phyteuma. Corolla rotate. Anthers distinct.

3. Jasionb. Corolla rotate. Anthers adhering at the base.

Order XLVII. LOBELIACEiE.

1. Lobelia. The only British genus.

Order XLVIII. YACCINIACEvE.

1. Vaccinium. Segments of corolla short, nearly erect.

2. Oxycoccu8. Segments of corolla long, reflexed.

Order XLIX. ERICACEAE.

1. Erica. Fruit dry. Calyx simple. Corolla persistent.

2. Calluna. Fruit dry. Calyx double. Corolla persistent.

TABLE OF GENERA.

xli

3. Menziesia. Fruit dry. Corolla deciduous. Stamens 8-10. Capsule-valves

opening at the margins of the carpels.

4. Azalea. Fruit dry. Corolla deciduous. Stamens 5.

5. Andromeda. Fruit dry. Corolla deciduous. Stamens 10. Capsule-valves

opening down the middle of the carpels.

G. Arbutus. Fruit a many-seeded berry.

7. AucTOSTAriiYLOS. Fruit a 1-seeded berry.

Order L. PYROLACEiE.

1. Pyrola. The only British genus.

Order LI. MONOTROPACErE.

1. Monotropa. The only British genus.

Order LII. AQUIFOLIACEAE.

1. Ilex. The only British genus.

Order LIII. OLE ACE JH.

1. Ligustrum. A slrrub. Fruit a succulent berry.

2. Fuaxinus. Trees. Fruit winged, dry.

Order LIY. APOCYNACEiE.

1. Yinca. The only British genus.

Order LY. GENTIANACEJS.

1. E.xacum. An herb. Corolla funnel-shaped. Calyx 4-cleft. Style deciduous.

2. Erytiir/EA. Herbs. Corolla funnel-shaped. Calyx 5-cleft. Style deciduous.

3. Gentiana. Herbs. Corolla funnel- or salver-shaped. Style persistent.

4. Chlora. Herbs. Corolla rotate. Style deciduous.

5. Menyantiies. A bog-plant. Leaves ternate.

6. Villarsia. A floating plant. Leaves heart-shaped.

7. Swertia. An herb. Corolla rotate. Style persistent.

Order LYI. POLEHONIACE^E.

1. Polemonium. The only British genus.

Order LYII. CONY OLYULACEiE.

1. Convolvulus. Leafy twining herbs.

2. Cuscuta. Leafless, twining, parasitic plants.

Order LYIII. EORAGIN ACErE.

* Nuts upon a disk below the style, their base flat.

1. Eciiium. Corolla irregular, nearly bell-shaped. Filaments long.

2. Pulmonaria. Corolla regular, funnel-shaped. Throat naked. Leaves rough.

3. Lithospermum. Corolla regular, funnel-shaped ; its throat naked. Leaves

rough. Or throat of corolla with 5 small projections ; leaves smooth and
glaucous.

4. Myosotis. Throat of corolla closed with scales. Corolla salver-shaped.

** Nuts upon a disk below the style, indented at their base.

5. Anciiusa. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube straight.

9

xlii

TABLE OF GENERA.

G. Lycopsfs. Corolla-tube slightly bent

7. Symphytum. Corolla cylindrical, bell-shaped, straight.

8. Borago. Corolla rotate. Filaments bifid.

*** Nuts attached to the base of the style.

9. Asperuco. Calyx with unequal valves.

10. Cynoglossum. Calyx equally divided.

Order LIX. SOLANACEiE.

1. Datura. Fruit a prickly 4-valved capsule.

2. Hyoscyamus. Fruit dry, opening with a transverse lid.

3. Atropa. Fruit a berry. Anthers distant.

4. Solan um. Fruit a berry. Anthers close together.

Order LX. OROBANCHACEiE.

1. Orobanciie. Corolla 4- or 5-cleft, the base persistent.

2. Latiik ea. Corolla 2-lipped, deciduous.

Order LXI. SCROPHULARIACEyE.

1. Veronica. Stamens 2.

# Stamens 4, calyx 4-cleft.

2. Bartsia. Upper lip of corolla entire, not flattened laterally.

3. Euphrasia. Upper lip of corolla bifid, not flattened.

4. Rhinantiius. Upper lip of corolla laterally compressed. Calyx inflated.

5. Melampyuum. Upper lip of corolla laterally compressed. Calyx not inflated.

** Stamens 4, calyx 5-cleft.

G. Pedicularis. Calyx inflated. Corolla 2-lippcd ; upper lip compressed la¬
terally.

7. Scropiiularia. Corolla nearly globular.

8. Dioitalis. Corolla bell-shaped, unequal. Capsule 2-cellcd.

9. Antirrhinum. Corolla-mouth closed by the lips meeting, with a rounded pro¬

jection at the base.

10. Linaria. Corolla-mouth closed by the lips meeting, with a spur at the base.

11. Limosella. Corolla bell-shaped, equal. Capsule 1 -celled.

12. Sibthorpia. Corolla rotate, regular. Capsule 2-celled.

*** Stamens 5.

13. Verbascum. Corolla rotate, petals unequal.

Order LXII. LABIATE.

* Stamens 2.

1. Ly copus. Corolla nearly equal. Calyx with 5 segments.

2. Salvia. Corolla lipped. Calyx 2-lipped.

** Stamens 4, nearly equal.

3. Mentha. Corolla 4-cleft, nearly regular.

4. Thymus. Corolla 2-lipped. Flowers in whorls.

5. Origanum. Corolla 2-lipped. Flowers panicled.

*#* Stamens 4, 2 longer than the others,
t Upper lip of corolla very short.

G. Teucrium. Stamens projecting beyond the upper lip. Upper lip cleft.

7. Ajuga. Stamens projecting beyond the upper lip. Upper lip nearly entiro.

TABLE OF GENERA.

xliii

tt Upper lip of corolla longer than the stamens. Calyx 5-toothed. S'amens longer

than the tube.

8. Ballota. Calyx salver-shaped, 10-ribbed. Upper lip erect, concave. Lower

stamens longest.

9. Leonurus. Calyx tubular, nearly as long as the corolla. Lower stamens longest.

10. G-ALEorsis. Calyx bell-shaped. Middle lobe of lower lip the largest. Upper

lip vaulted. Lower stamens longest.

11. Galeobdolon. Calyx bell-shaped. Lobes of lower lip nearly equal. Upper

lip incurved. Lower stamens longest.

12. Lamium. Calyx bell -shaped. Upper lip erect ; 2 lateral lobes of lower lip very

small, middle bifid. Lower stamens longest.

13. Betonica. Calyx ovate, with 5 awned teeth.

14. Stachys. Calyx bell-shaped. Sides of the lower lip reflexed, middle lobe

nearly entire. Lower stamens longest.

15. Nepeta. Upper stamens longest. Middle lobe of lower lip crenated.

10. Glechoma. Upper stamens longest. Middle lobe of lower lip indented. •

fft Calyx 10 -toothed. Stamens shorter than the tale.

17. Marrubium. Lower stamens longest. Plant very woolly.

fti t Calyx 2-lipped.

18. Acinos. Upper lip of corolla straight. Flowers in whorls. Stamens diverging.

19. Calamintiia. Upper lip of corolla straight. Flowers in lateral cymes. Stamens

diverging.

20. Clinopodium. Upper lip of corolla straight. Flowers in whorls, wi h linear

bracts beneath. Stamens diverging.

21. Melittis. Calyx bell-shaped, open in fruit. Anthers approaching in pairs.

22. Prunella. Calyx ovate, closed when in fruit; upper lip 3-toothed, lower

bifid.

23. Scutellaria. Calyx ovate, closed when in fruit, its lips entire.

Order LXIII. VEKBEN ACEiE.

1. Verbena. The only British genus.

Order LXIV. LENTIBULARIACEiE.

1 . Pinguicula. Bog-plants with entire leaves.

2. Utricularia. Water-plants. Leaves in numerous linear segments.

Order LXV. PBIMULACEiE.

1. Hottonia. A water-plant. Leaves pectinated.

2. Primula. Calyx tubular. Corolla-limb spreading, tube including the stamens-

3. Cyclamen. Calyx tubular. Corolla reflexed.

4. Glaux. Calyx tubular, coloured. Corolla none.

5. Trientalis. Calyx 7-cleft.

6. Lysimachia. Calyx 5-cleft. Capsule with 5 or 2 valves.

7. Anagallis. Calyx 5-cleft. Capsule opening transversely.

8. Centunculus. Calyx 4-cleft.

9. Samolus. Calyx 5-cleft. Capsule opening with reflexed teeth, half inferior.

Order LXVI. PLUMBAGIXACEiE.

9 2

1. Armeria. Flowers in a close head.

2. Statice. Flowers in panicles.

xliv

TABLE OF GENERA.

Order LXYII. PLANT AGIN ACEE.

1. Plantago. Stamens upon the corolla.

2. Littorella. Stamens hypogynous.

Order LXYIII. AMARANTHACEE.

1. Amabantiius. The only British genus.

Order LXIX. CHENOPODIACEE.

1. Beta. Stamens 5, on a fleshy ring. Ovary adhering to the calyx.

2. Chenopodium. Stamens 5, on the receptacle. Ovary free.

3. Atriplex. Stamens 5. Flowers monoecious, of different forms.

4. Salicornia. Stems jointed, succulent, leafless. Stamens 1 or 2. Calyx entire.

fleshy.

5. Salsola. Stamens 5, from an hypogynous ring. Calyx 5-parted.

Order LXX. SCLERANTHACEE.

1. Scleranthus. The only British genus.

Order LXXI. POLYGONACEE.

1. Polygonum. Sepals 5.

2. Rumex. Sepals 6. Styles 3.

3. Oxyria. Sepals 4. Styles 2.

Order LXXII. THYMELACEE.

1. Daphne. The only British genus.

Order LXXIII. SANTALACEE.

1. Thesium. The only British genus.

Order LXXIV. ARISTOLOCHIACEE.

1. Aristolociiia. Anthers 6, sessile on the style. A climbing plant.

2. Asarum. Stamens 12. A low herb.

Order LXXY. EMPETRACEE.

1. Empetrum. Tho only British genus.

Order LXXYI. EUPHORBIACEE.

1. Mf.rcurialis. Calyx 3-parted. Dioecious or monoecious.

2. Euphorbia. Flowers in monoecious heads, surrounded by bracts. Ovary stalked.

3. Buxus. An evergreen shrub. Stamens 4. Monoecious.

Order LXXYII. CALLITRICHACEE.

1. Callitriciie. The only British genus.

Order LXXYIII. CERATOPHYLLACEE.

1. Ceratopiiyllum. The only British genus.

Order LXXIX. URTICACEE.

1. Urtica. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, in racemes.

ci «

TABLE OF GENEHA.

xlv

. Parietarta. Flowers in axillary clusters, surrounded by an involucrum.

. Humulus. A climber. Dioecious. Fertile flowers in an oval catkin.

Order LXXX. TJLMACEiE.

1. Ulmcs. The only British genus.

Order LXXXI. ELEAGNACEiE.

1. Hippo piiaE. The only British genus.

Order LXXXII. MYRICACE.E.

1. Myrica. The only British genus.

Order LXXXIII. BETULACE^E.

1. Betula. Stamens 8-12.

2. Alnus. Stamens 4.

Order LXXXIY. S ABIC ACE. E.

1 . Salix. Scales of catkins entire. Stamens 1-5.

2. Populus. Scales jagged. Stamens 4-30.

Order LXXXY. CUPULIFER.E.

1. Fagus. Barren flowers in a globular catkin. Fertile flowers within a prickly

involucrum. Stigmas 3.

2. Castanea. Barren flowers in a cylindrical catkin. Fertile flowers in a 4-lobed

involucrum. Stigmas 6.

3. Quercus. Barren catkin lax, long. If ut surrounded by the cup-like involucrum.

4. Corylus. Barren catkin long, cylindrical. Nut covered by a coriaceous in¬

volucrum.

5. Carpinus. Barren catkin long, lax. Involucrum of 2 leaf-like scales.

Order LXXXYI. CONIFERiE.

1. Pinus. A tree. Fertile flowers in a cone.

2. Juniperus. A bush. Fruit berry-like.

3. Taxus. A tree. Seed enveloped in a cup-like fleshy receptacla

Order LXXXYII. DIOSCOREACE.E,

1. Tamus. The only British genus.

Order LXXXYIII. TRILLIACEiE.

1. Paris. The only British genus.

Order LXXXTX. HYDROCHARIDACE^E.

1. Anacharis. Leaves whorled. Plant submersed.

2. Hydrocharis. Leaves floating, kidney-shaped.

3. Stratiotes. Leaves submerged, sword-shaped, with marginal prickles.

Order XC. ORCHID ACE^E.

* Anther cohering to the face of the stigma.

1. Orchis. Lip with a spur. Glands of the stalks of tliepollcn-masscs in a pouch

xlvi

TABLE' OF GENERA.

2. Gymnadenia. Lip with a spur. Glands of tho pollen-masses naked.

3. IIahenaria. Lip with a spur. Perianth hooded. Anther-cells diverging at

the base.

4. Aceras. Lip without a spur. Perianth helmet-shaped. Segment of the lip

linear.

5. IIerminium. Lip without a spur. Perianth bell-shaped.

0. Opiirys. Lip without a spur. Perianth spreading. Lip lobed.

** Anther on the back of the column, attached by its base.

7. Goodyera. Two lateral sepals spreading. Lip free from the column, entire at

the apex.

8. Neottia. Two lateral sepals erect. Lip embracing the column.

9. Listera. Lip linear or oblong, 2-lobed at the end.

10. EriPACTis. Lip free from the column, contracted in the middle.

*** Anther 1, terminal, free.

11. Malaxis. Perianth spreading. Lip superior.

12. Liparis. Perianth spreading. Lip inferior.

13. Coralloiuiiza. Perianth converging.

**** Anthers 2.

’4. CYrRiPEDiuM. Lip very large, inflated.

Order XCI. IMDACEiE.

1. Iris. Stigmas petaloid, covering the stamens.

2. Triciionema. Stigmas 3, bifid ; lobes slender.

3. Crocus. Stigmas 3-cleft; lobes widening towards the apex.

Order XCII. AMARYLLIDACE./E.

1. Narcissus. Perianth spreading, with a bell-shaped nectary within.

2. Galantiius. Perianth bell-shaped ; 3 inner sepals smaller, erect.

3. Leucojum. Perianth bell-shaped. Sepals all equal.

Order XCIII. LILIACE2E.

* Fruit a berry.

1. Asparagus. Leaves soft, setaceous.

2. Euscus. A small dioecious slirub. Leaves spiny.

3. Convallaria. Ilorbs. Leaves broad. Flowers bell-shaped, 6-cleft.

** Fruit dry and capsular. Stalks not leafy, springing from a bulb.

4. IIyacintiius. Perianth tubular below ; segments reflexed.

5. Muscari. Perianth tubular, nearly globose, contracted at the mouth.

6. Allium. Flowers in umbels, with a spathe beneath. Sepals distinct.

7. Scilla. Flowers in racemes. Perianth deciduous. Sepals distinct.

8. Ornituogalum. Flowers in racemes. Perianth persistent. Sepals distinct.

*** Fruit dry. Stalks leafy.

9. Gagea. Style erect. Flowers yellow, in umbels.

10. Antiiericum. Style erect. Flowers white or pink, solitary or very few.

11. Tulipa. Style absent. Flowers solitary.

12. Fritillaria. Style 3 -cleft at the apex. Flowers solitary, drooping, 'arge.

13. Lihuai. Sepals reflexed. Style undivided. Flowers in panicles.

TABLE OF GENERA.

xlvii

Order XCIY. MELANTHACEvE.

1. Colciitcum. Perianth funnel-shaped ; tube very long.

2. Tofxeldia. Perianth 6-parted. Styles short.

Order XCY. BESTIACEiE.

1. Eriocaulon. The only British genus.

Order XCVI. JUXCACE^E.

1. Nartiiecium. Perianth yellow, petal-like.

2. J uncus. Perianth scale-like. Capsule 3-celled.

3. Luzula. Perianth scale-like. Capsule 1 -celled.

Order XCYII. BUTOMACEyE.

1. Butomus. The only British genus.

Order XCVIII. ALISMACE.E.

1. Actinocarpus. Stamens 6. Carpels 2-seeded.

2. Ai.isma. Stamens 6. Carpels 1 -seeded.

3. Sagittaria. Flowers monoecious. Stamens many. Leaves sagittate.

Order XCIX. JUNCAGIXACEyE.

1. Triglociiin. Ovary 1.

2. Scueuciizeria. Ovaries 3.

Order C. TYPHACEiE.

1. Typiia. Flowers in a long spike (spadix).

2. Sparganium. Flowers in globular heads.

Order Cl. ABACEtE.

1. Arum. The only British genus.

Order CII. OBONTIACE.E.

1 . Acorus. The only British genus.

Order CIII. PISTIACEA3.

1. Leiina. The only British genus.

Order CIY. NAIADACEiE.

1. Potamogeton. Perianth of 4 sepals. Carpels 4, sessile.

2. Ruppia. Perianth wanting. Carpels 4, on long stalks.

3. Zanniciiellta. Flowers axillary, in a membranous bract.

4. Zosteua. Flowers in a slit in the grass-like leaf.

Order CY. CYPEBACEiE.

1. Cyperus. Spikelets many-flowered, 2-ranked, nearly all fertile.

2. Schcenus. Spikelets 2-4-ilowered, 2-ranked. Lower glumes empty. S^yle

deciduous.

jdviii

TABLE OF GENERA.

* Glumes imbricated.

3. Cladium. Glumes 5 or G. Bristles none. Nut crowned with the conical base

of the stylo.

4. Riiynciiospora. Glumes 5 or G. Bristles several. Nut crowned with the dilated

base of the style.

5. Eleociiaris. Spikelets solitary, terminal. Bristles 4-12. Base of style persistent.

6. Eleogiton. Spikelets solitary, terminal. Bristles none. Style deciduous.

7. Scirpus. Spikelets in umbels. Bristles about 6.

8. Eriophorum. Bristles silky, very long when in seed.

9. Elyna. Flowers monoecious, in aggregated spikelets.

10. Carex. Flowers monoecious, in imbricated spikes.

Order CYI. GRAMINE2E.

1. Anthozakthum. Panicle spike-like. Glumes unequal, containing 3 florets ;

the middle one perfect, with 2 stamens, the outer imperfect.

2. Nardus. Flowers in one-sided spikes. Glumes wanting. Pale* 2, the outer

one with a long point. Style 1.

3. Alopecurus. Flowers in cylindrical spikes. Glumes 2, 1-flowered. Palea 1,

awned at the base.

4. Piialaris. Flowers panicled, or in ovate spikes. Glumes 2, 1-flowered, keeled,

longer than the pale*. Pale* 4, the inner pair investing the seed.

5. Ammopiiila. Panicle spike-like. Glumes 2, keeled. Pale* 2, with hairs at the

base, one awned.

6. Pjileum. Flowers in cylindrical spikes. Glumes 2, equal, sharp, 1-flowered.

Pale* 2, awnless, within the glumes, loosely coating the seed.

7. Lagurus. Flower in an ovate hairy spike. Glumes 2, 1-flowered, fringed.

Pale* 2 ; outer one with an awn and 2 bristles.

8. Milium. Panicle loose. Glumes 2, pointed, longer than the floret. Pale* 2,

awnless, coating the seed.

9. Gastridium. Panicle contracted. Glumes 2, acute, swollen at the base, longer

than the floret. Pale* 2, investing the seed ; outer one awned.

10. Stipa. Panicle erect. Outer palea with a very long feather-like awn, coating

the seed.

11. Polypogon. Glumes 2, notched at the end, with a long straight awn. Pale*

unequal ; outer one awned.

12. Calamagrostis. Panicle loose, spreading. Glumes 2, unequal, acute, 1-flowered.

Pale* surrounded by long silky hairs.

13. Agrostis. Panicle more or less spreading. Glumes 2, unequal, 1-flowered.

Pale* 2, unequal, membranous. Seed free.

14. Catabrosa. Panicle spreading. Glumes 2, obtuse, 2-3-flowered. Pale®

truncated, awnless. Seed free.

15. Aira. Flowers panicled. Glumes 2, pointed, with 2 perfect florets. Pale*

membranous ; outer one awned at the base. Seed free.

1G. Melica. Flowers panicled. Glumes 2, with 2 perfect florets, and 1 or 2 ru¬
dimentary ones between. Pale* coating the seed.

17. IIolccs. Panicle lax. Glumes 2, 2-flowered ; upper floret imperfect, awned;

lower perfect, awnless. Seed coated by the pale®.

18. Arriiknatiierum. Panicle lax. Glumes 2, 2-flowered ; upper floret perfect,

with a short bristle ; lower imperfect, with a long awn. Seed coated by tlio
pale*.

19. Uierociiloe. Flowers panicled. Glumes 2, 3-flowered ; the inner floret with

2 stamens ; the outer ones barren, with 3 stamens.

20. Kcei.eria. Panicles spike-like. Glumes 2, longer than the florets, unequal.

Pale* awnless. (Otherwise as Aira.)

21. Sesleria. Panicle ovate, spike-like. Glumes 3-flowered, pointed. Pale® 2,

the outer pointed, the inner cloven. Styles united. Seed free.

TABLE OF GENERA.

xlix

22. Paxtcttm. Panicle close. Glumes 2, unequal, 2-flowered, 1 floret imperfect.

Seed coated witli the paleae.

23. Setaria. Panicle spike-like, bristly. Spikelets surrounded by bristles at the

base. (Otherwise as Panicum.)

24. Poa. Panicle usually loose. Spikelets rounded at the base. Glumes 2,

pointed, with many florets. Pale® 2, ovate, awnless. Seed free.

25. Triodia. Panicle close. Glumes 2, many-flowered. Palea; 2, broad; the

outer one with 3 teeth. Seed free.

2G. Briza. Panicle very lax. Glumes 2, many-flowered, swollen. Paleae 2, awn¬
less, obtuse ; the outer one swollen. Seed depressed, attached to the paleae.

27. Dactylis. Spikelets crowded, leaning one way. Glumes 2, unequal ; the

larger one keeled, many-flowered. Paleae pointed.

28. Cynosurus. Panicle one-sided, spike-like, or short, with few spikelets. Spikelets

in pairs, one fertile and one abortive. Glumes 2, with several florets.

29. Festuca. Flowers panicled. Glumes 2, pointed, unequal. Spikelets many

flowered, rather cylindrical. Paleae 2 ; the outer awned, the inner downy.
Seed free.

30. Bromus. Panicle loose. Spikelets oblong. Glumes 2, with many florets.

Pale® 2 ; the outer awned beneath the cloven apex, the inner bristly. Seed
attached to one palea.

31. Avena. Flowers panicled. Glumes membranous, with several florets. Outer

palea coating the seed, with a bent awn at the back.

32. Ari ndo. Panicle loose and spreading. Glumes 2, with 5 florets, with long

silky hairs at the base.

33. Ef.ymus. Flowers spiked, in 2 rows, several together. Glumes 2, both on one

side, with several florets.

34. Horpeum. Flowers spiked, in 2 rows, 3 together. Glumes 2, both on one

side, with 1 floret. Seed attached to the paleae. Glumes and palea both awned.

35. Triticum. Flowers spiked, in 2 rows, their sides towards the stalk. Glumes 2,

with several florets. Inner palea bifid.

36. Brachypodium. Flowers spiked, in 2 rows, their sides towards the stalk, nearly

cylindrical. Glumes 2, unequal, many-flowered. Paleae 2, awned. Seed
loose.

37. Lolium. Flowers spiked, in 2 rows. Glume 1, fronting the stalk, many-

flowered.

38. Lepturus. Flowers in an awl-shaped spike. Glumes 2, united below. Florets

imbedded in the stalk.

39. Knappia. Flowers spiked, in 2 rows. Glumes 2, obtuse, 1 -flowered. Paleae 2,

very hairy.

40. Spartina. Flowers spiked, in 2 rows, on one side of the stalk. Glumes 2,

compressed. Paleae 2, compressed. Styles united. Seed free.

41. Cynodon. Spikes linear, 3-5 together on the top of the stalk. Seed coated

by the paleie.

42. Digitaria. Flowers spiked, in pairs, on one side of the flattened stalk. Spikes

several together on the top of the stalk. Seed coated by the paleae.

Genera added in Appendix.

Order XIII.

14* Alsine. (See Aren aria.)

Order XXXVII.

3*. Astrantia. Umbels simple. Involucrum as long as umbel. Fruit oblong,
with 5 wrinkled ridges.

1

TABLE OP GENEEA.

Oi ^er XLV.

31*. Fjlaco. (See Gnapiialium.)

Ordt-LV.

1. Cicendia. (See Exacum.)

Order XC.

8. Spiranthes. (See Neottia.)

10*. Epipogium. Lip with a spur beneath. Stem leafless, with short sheath-like
scales.

Order XCI.

1*. SiSYitixcmuM. Perianth spreading, regular. Filaments of stamens connate.
Stigmas 3, filiform.

2*. Gladiolus. Perianth irregular. Seeds winged.

Order XCIII.

3*. Mianthbmum (Smilacina). Corolla with 4 or 6 spreading segments. Stamens
inserted in the base of segments. Fruit a berry.

8*. Simetiiis. Flowers in panicles. Perianth deciduous. Fruit capsular. Boot
fleshy (not bulbous), with a knot of fibres.

Order CIY.

1*. Naias. Stems floating. Leaves in whorls or opposite. Fruit of 1 carpel.

Order CVI.

0*. Lf.ersia. Flowers panicled. Spikelets 1 -flowered, without glumes. Palese
2-keeled, compressed laterally, covering the seed, not adherent.

13*. Apera. (See Agrostis.)

2 1*. Glyceria. (See Poa.)

GLOSSARY

OF O'

TECHNICAL TERMS EMI LOYED IN THE WORK.

Abortive. — Imperfectly developed, rv A-
mentary.

Acuminate. — Tapering to a long ^oint.
Acute. — Pointed.

Adnate (Anthers). — Continuous with the
filament.

Alternate (Leaves).— Placed alternately on
either side of the stem.

Amplexicaul (Leaves). — Embracng the
stem at the base.

Articulated. — United by a joint.

Ascending (Stem). — Depressed towards
the ground at the base and rising
above.

Auricles (Leaves). — Ear-like lobes at the
base.

Awn. — A terminal bristle.

Axil. — Place of attachment to the stem.
Axile (Placenta). — Attached to the centre
of the seed-vessel.

Barren (Flower). — Producing stamens
only : forming no seed.

Bifid. — Two-lobed.

Bilabiate (Corolla). — Two-lipped.
Bi-pinnate (Leaves). — Twice pinnately
compound.

Bi-pinnatifid (Leaves). — Twice pinnately
lobed.

Biternate (Leaves). — Twice ternately com¬
pound.

Campanulate. — Bell-shaped.

Canescent. — Covered with short whitish
hairs.

Capillary. — Hair-like ; very slender.
Capitate (Inflorescence). — In a close head
or cluster.

Ciliated. — Fringed at the margin with
hairs.

Clavate. — Club-shaped.

Compound (Leaves). — Formed of several
leaflets.

Convolute (Leaves). — Turned inwards at
the edges.

Cordate (Leaves). — Heart-shaped, or with
rounded lobes at the base.

Coriaceous (Leaves). — Tough and dry or
leathery.

Corymbose (Inflorescence). — In a corymb,
or flattened panicle.

Cottony. — Covered with white down.
Creeping ( Stem or Root). — Running along
or beneath the surface.

Crenated (Leaves). — Indented on the mar¬
gin with rounded teeth.

Cuneate (Leaves). — Wedge-shaped, taper¬
ing towards the base.

Cymose (Inflorescence). — In a cyme. See
Introduction.

Deciduous. — Falling when ripe or wi¬
thered.

Decumbent ( Stem). — Lying near the
ground at the base. More depressed
than when Ascending.

Decurrent (Leaves). — With the edges pro¬
longed and running down the stem.

Dehiscent (Fruit). — Discharging its seeds.

Diadelphous (Stamens). — United by the
filaments into two groups.

Dichotomous. — Forked, or dividing by
twos.

Digitate(Zertwes). — Leaflets radiating from
the point of the stalk, as in the Horse-
Chestnut.

Dioecious. — Barren and fertile flowers on
separate plants.

Downy. — Covered with close soft hairs.

Elliptical. — Oval in general outline.

Emarginated. — Indented at the apex.

Entire. — Not lobed or divided.

Epigynous ( Stamens). — Placed apparent¬
ly upon the ovary.

Equitant (Leaves). — Flattened vertically
and clasping the bud or stem in a slit
at the base, as in Iris.

Fertile (Flower). — Producing seed; con¬
taining perfect pistils.

F iliform. — Thread-like.

Fleshy (Leaves). — Thick and soft.

Fusiform (Root). — Spindle-shaped.

Glabrous. — Not quite smooth, but with¬
out hairs.

Glandular. — Bearing glands or 6mall
secreting organs.

Glaucous. — Whitish-green.

Hastate (Leaves). — With diverging hori¬
zontal lobes at the base, like a halbert
blade.

Herbaceous (Stem). — Not woody.

Hirsute. — Densely hairy.

Hispid. — Covered with stiff hairs.

Hoary. — Covered with minute white
down or hairs.

Hypogynous (Stamens). — Placed beneath
the ovary.

Imbricated. — Overlapping like tiles.

Indehiscent (Fruit). — Not shedding its
seed.

Lanceolate (Leaves). — Broadest below the
middle and tapering towards the apex,
like a Greek spear-head.

Ligulate (Petals). — Furnished with a limb
or flattened portion.

7t

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS.

Ligule. — A small stipule-like appendage
at the base of the leaves of grasses.

Linear (Leaves). — Very narrow, but flat.

Linear-lanceolate. — Long and narrow,
but tapering, and broadest below the
middle.

Linear-oblong. — Somewhat broader than
when linear.

Lyrate (Leaves). — With horizontal lobes,
the terminal one largest.

Mealy. — Covered with minute white pow¬
dery down.

Membranous (Leaves). — Very thin and lax.

Monadelphous (Stamens). — United by
the filaments into one group.

Monoecious. — Barren and fertile flowers
distinct, but upon the same plant.

Mucronate (Leaves). — With the midrib
projecting from the apex.

Obcordate. — Cordate, with the lobes up¬
ward.

Obovate (Leaves). — Egg-shaped, with the
broadest part above.

Obsolete (Calyx.) — Rudimentary, a mere
rim.

Obtuse (Leaves). — Blunt at the apex.

Opposite (Leaves). — Placed in pairs on
opposite sides of the stem.

Orbicular (Leaves). — Circular in general
outline. (Boot). — Globular.

Oval (Leaves). — Oval in general outline.

Ovate (Leaves). — Egg-shaped, with the
broadest part below.

Palmate (Leaves). — W ith finger-like lobes.

Papilionaceous (Flowers). — Like the Pea-
flower. See Introduction.

Pappus. — The hairs or scales (rudiment¬
ary calyx) below the florets of Com-
positae.

Parietal (Placenta). — Attached to the
sides of the carpels.

Pectinated. — Toothed like a comb.

Pedate (Leaves). — Divided primarily into
three, the two lateral brandies forked
or divided into leaflets on their inner
margin only, as in Hellebore.

Pedatifid (Leaves). — With pedate lobes.

Pedicel. — The stalk supporting each
flower on a branched flower-stem.

Peltate (Leaves). — With the stalk attached
to the underside, as in Hydrocotyle.

Perfoliate (Leaves). — Base of the leaf sur¬
rounding the stem, as in Chlora.

Perigynous (Stamens). — Situated appa¬
rently upon the calyx.

Persistent. — Remaining attached, not de¬
ciduous.

Pilose. — Covered with long hairs.

Pinnate (Leaves). — Composed of a row of
leaflets on each side of the stalk, as in
the Rose.

Pinnatiiid (Leaves). — Pinnately lobed.

Procumbent ( Stem). — Lying on the
ground for the greater part of its
length.

Prostrate (Stem). — Lying close to the
ground.

Pubescent. — Downy; covered with close
soft hairs.

Quinate (Leaves). — With five diverging
leaflets.

Radical. — Springing from the root.

Ray. — The outer ligulate flowers of some
Composite.

Reniform (Leaves). — Kidney-shaped or
very broadly cordate.

Retuso (Leaves). — Truncate and slightly
indented at the apex.

Revolute (Leaves).— The margins rolled
backwards.

Rotate (Florvers). — With the petals radi¬
ating horizontally.

Runcinate (Leaves). — With lateral lobes
curving towards the stem.

Runners. — Creeping stems thrown out
from the root.

Sagittate (Leaves). — With acute lobes at
the base, like a barbed arrow-head.

Scape. — A flower-stalk rising from the
root, without leaves.

Scions. — Runners.

Serrated (Leaves). — Indented on the mar¬
gin with sharp teeth, like a saw.

Sessile. — Placed directly upon the stem,
without stalks.

Setaceous (Leaves). — Very slender or
bristle-like.

Set®. — Bristly hairs.

Sinuated (Leaves). — With broad shallow
rounded indentations on the margin.

Spatula te (Leaves). — Broadest at the apex,
and long and tapering below.

Spinous. — Furnished with thorns or
prickles.

Subulate (Leaves). — Awl-shaped, narrow-
linear, as thick as broad.

Succulent. — Thick, soft and juicy.

Ternate (Leaves). — Composed of three
leaflets.

Tomentose. — Cottony, or covered with
thick down.

Toothed (Leaves). — Cut on the margin
into deep teeth.

Trifid (Leaves). — Three-cleft.

Tri-pinnate (Leaves). — Thrice pinnately
compound.

Tri-pinnatifid (Leaves). — Thrice pin¬
nately lobed.

Urceolate (Corolla). — Cup-shaped, but
contracted at the top.

Vittse. — Channels filled with oil in tho
fruit of Umbellifer®.

Whorled (Leaves). — Arranged in circles
around the nodes, several together.

1

Order T. RANUN CULACEiE.

Genus 1. Clematis.

C. Yitalba. Traveller's Joy. Fig. 1.

A climbing plant, with pinnate leaves. Fruit feathered with long
silvery plume. Hedges on chalky soil. Perenn. June and July.
White. (0 E.B. 1.612. E. B. 2. 77G. II. Sr Am. 4. Bab. 3. Lind. 8.

Genus 2. Tiialictrum.

T. alpinum. Alpine Meadow Hue. Fig. 2.

Stem nearly leafless, simple. FI. drooping, in simple racemes. Moist
fissures of rocks in alpine districts. Gin. Perenn. July. Pale yellow.
(A) E.B. 1.2G2. E.B. 2. 772. H.SfArn.3. Bab. 3. Lind. 8.

T. minus. Lesser Meadow Rue. Fig. 3,

Leaves 2- or 3-pinnate, glaucous on both sides. Stem zigzag, branched.
FI. drooping. Limestone pastures and the sea-coast. 1 ft. Perenn.
July. Purplish, stamens yellow, (i) E.B. 1. 11. E.B. 2. 773.
II. '#• Am. 5. Bab. 3. Lind. 9.

T. majus. Great Meadow Rue. Fig. 4.

Leaves tripinnate, glaucous beneath. FI. drooping, on branched
stem. Northern hill-pastures. 1 to 2 ft. Perenn. July. Greenish-
yellow. O) E. B. 1. 61 1. E.B. 2. 774. II. fy Am. 5. Bab. 4. Lind. 9.

T. flavum. Common Meadow Rue. Fig. 5.

Stem erect, leafy. Leaves bipinnate. FI. erect, in compact panicles.
Moist meadows ; common. Plant acrid. 2 to 3 ft. Perenn. July.
Yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 367. E. B. 2. 775. H. Am. 5. Bab. 4.
Lind. 9.

Genus 3. Anemone.

A. Pulsatilla. Pasque Flower. Fig. 6.

Leaves bipinnate, with linear lobes. Involucrum with linear seg¬
ments. Plant hairy. FI. solitary. Petals 6. Fruit with feathery awns.
Chalky pastures. 9 in. Perenn. May. Purple. (£) E. B. 1.51.
E. B. 2. 777 . H. fy Am. 6. Bab. 4. Lind. 9.

A. nemorosa. Wind Flower. Wood Anemone. Fig. 7.

Flowers solitary, with involucrum of 3, stalked, deeply-cut leaves
Petals 6. Woods and thickets. 6 to 8 in. Perenn. April. White,
purplish underneath. (^) E.B. 1. 355. E. B. 2. 773. H. fy Am. 6.
Bab. 4. Lind. 9.

A. apennina. Blue Anemone. Fig. 8

Petals numerous. Leaves triternate. Involucrum of 3 deeply-cut
ternate leaves. Woods; a doubtful native. 6 in. Perenn. April. Blue.
(£) E.B. 1. 1062. E.B. 2. 780. H. Sp Am. 6. Bab. 4. Lind. 9.

A. ranunculoides. Yellow Anemone. Fig. 9.

Involucrum of 3-5 deeply-cut leaves. FI. solitary or in pairs. Petals
5 or 6. Woods in Kent and Herts ; a doubtful native. 6 in. Perenn.
April. Yellow. (£) E. B. 1. 1484. E. B. 2. 779. II. Sp Am. 6.
Bab. 5. Lind. 10.

Genus 4. Adonis.

A. autumnalis. Pheasant's Eye. Fig. 10.

Stem branched. Petals 8 generally. Seed-vessels forming an ovate
head. Corn-fields. 10 in. Ann. May-Sept. Scarlet. (^) E.B. 1.308.
E. B.2. 781. H. Am. 6. Bab.b. Lind. 9.

B

2

Genus 5. Myosurus.

M. minimus. Mouse-tail. Fig. 11.

Calyx ot' 5 sepals elongated at the base. Seed-vessels arranged on a
long columnar receptacle. Leaves long and narrow. Fields and waste
places. G in. Ann. May. Greenish. (|) E. B. 1. 435. E. B.
2. 4G1. II. fy Am. 7. Bub. 5. Lind. 10.

Genus 6. Ranunculus.

R. aquatilis. Water Crowfoot. Fig. 12.

Lower leaves under water, hair-like ; upper ones floating, 3-lobed,
sometimes wanting. Ponds, ditches and slow streams. Perenn. Mav.
White, (i) E. B. 1. 101. E.B. 2. 795. H. Am. 7. Bab. 6.
Lind. 12.

R. pantotiirix. Small Water Crowfoot. Fig. 13.

All the leaves hair-like and submersed. Petals little larger than
calvx. Ditches. Perenn. May-Aug. White, (i) H. Am. 7 . ?
Bab. 7.1 Lind. 12.

R. hederaceus. Ivy-leaved Crowfoot. Fig. 14.

Stem creeping. Leaves glossy, roundish, slightly 3-5-lobed, all
floating or spreading. Wet places and shallow pools. Perenn. June—
Sept. White. (£) E.B. 1. 2003. E.B. 2. 7 96. II. Am. 8. Bab. 8.
Lind. 11.

R. Lingua. Great Spearwort. Fig. 15.

Leaves lanceolate, serrated. Stem erect, many-flowered. Ditches ;
not common. 2 to 3 ft. Perenn. July. Bright yellow. Q-) E. B.
1. 100. E. B. 2. 782. II. Am. 9. * Bab. 0. Lind. 10.

R. ophioglossifolius. Adder'' s-tongue Spearwort. Fig. 16.

Lower leaves oval heart-shaped, serrated, with very long foot-stalks.
Stem erect, manv-flowered. Marshes, Jersey. 2 ft. Perenn. June.
Yellow. (^) E. B. Supp • 2833. H. fy Am. 9. Bab. 9.

R. Flammula. Lesser Spearwort. Fig. 17.

Lower leaves ovato-lanceolate, serrated, with long foot-stalks. Stem
reclining. Ditches and wet places ; common. 1 to 2 ft. Perenn. June-
Sept. Yellow. (^) E.B. 1.387. E.B. 2.783. H.fyArn. 9. Bab. 9.
Lind. 10.

R. gramineus. Grass-leaved Crowfoot. Fig. 18.

All the leaves linear-lanceolate, not serrated. Stem erect, with few
flowers. Dry alpine pastures. 1 ft. Perenn. June. Yellow. (i)
E.B. 1. 230G. E. B. 2. 784. II. Am. 10. Bab. 9. Lind. 10.

R. Ficaria. Small Celandine. Pilewort. Fig. 19.

Leaves heart-shaped. Flowers solitary, with many petals. Roots
consisting of clustered tubers. Hedge-banks and shady places ; com¬
mon. 4 to 6 in. Perenn. March and April. Yellow. (4) E. B.
1. 584. E. B. 2. 785. II. $ Am. 10. Bab. 10. Lind. 10.

R. alpestris. Alpine Crowfoot. Fig. 20.

Lower leaves in 3 deep, lobed segments. Stem-leaf lanceolate.
Flowers solitary. Moist places on mountains ; rare. Acrid. 6 in.
Perenn. May. White. (£) E. B. 1. 2390. E. B. 2. 786. II.
Am. 9. Bab. 9. Lind. 10.

3

R. auricomus. Wood Crowfoot. Goldilocks. Fig. 21.

Leaves 3-parted, with deeply-cut lobes. Stem erect, slender, many-
flowered. Petals with a pore at the base. Dry woods. 1 ft. Perenn.
April-June. Yellow. (^) E. B. 1. 624. E. B. 2. 788. II. fy Am.
10. Bab. 10. Lind. 10.

R. sceleratus. Celery-leaved Crowfoot. Fig. 22.

Lower leaves palmate, with 3 slightly lobed segments, shining ; stem
ones fingered in 3 lobes. Fruit forming a cylindrical head. Watery
places ; "common. Acrid. 1 to 2 ft. Ann. June-Sept. (£) E. B.
1. 681. E. B. 2. 787. H. fy Am. 10. Bab. 8. Lind. 11.

R. acris. Buttercup. Fig. 23.

Stem erect, hairy, round. Calyx spreading. Petals with a small
scale at the base. Very common in meadows and pastures. Acrid. 1 ft.
Perenn. June. Yellow. (1) E.B. 1. 652. E.B. 2. 789. H.
Am. 10. Bab. 10. Lind. 11.

R. repens. Creeping Buttercup. Fig. 24.

Shoots creeping. Flower-stalks furrowed. Calyx spreading. Pas¬
tures; common. 10-12 in. Perenn. June-Sept. Yellow. (|)
E. B. 1. 516. E. B. 2. 790. H. Arm. 10. Bab. 10. Lind. 11.

R. bulbosus. Bulbous Buttercup. Fig. 25.

Root bulbous. Flower-stalks furrowed, hairy. Calyx reflexed. Pas¬
tures ; common. 1ft. Perenn. May. Yellow. (^) E. B. 1. 515.
E. B. 2. 791. H. fy Am. 10. Bab. 10. Lind. 11.

R. HiRSUTUs. Hairy Buttercup. Fig. 26.

Root fibrous. Calyx reflexed. Plant hairy. Fruit tuberculated.
Moist meadows. 4 to 18 in. Ann. June-Oct. (-§-) E. B. 1. 1504.
E. B. 2. 792. H. fy Am. 11. Bab. 10. Lind. 11.

R. arvensis. Corn Crowfoot. Fig. 27.

Leaves with narrow lanceolate segments. Stem much branched.
Fruit prickly. Corn-fields. Acrid. 1ft. Ann. June. Q) E.B.
1. 135. E. B. 2. 793. H. Am. 11. Bab. 11. Lind. 11.

R. parviflortjs. Small-flowered Crowfoot. Fig. 28.

Stem prostrate. Leaves roundish, 3-lobed. Hairy. Calyx as long
as the petals. Corn-fields. Ann. June-Sept. Yellow. (^) E. B.
1. 120. E. B. 2. 794. II. Am. 11. Bab. 11. Lind. 11.

Genus 7. Caltha.

C. palustris. Marsh Marigold. Fig. 29.

Stem erect. Lower leaves large, rounded heart-shaped, deep glossy
green. Marshes and river-sides. Acrid. 1-1|- ft. Perenn. May.
Bright yellow. (^) E. B. 1. 506. E.B. 2. 798. H.fyArn. 11. Bab. 11.
Lind. 12.

C. radicans. Creeping Marsh Marigold. Fig. 30.

Stem reclining. Leaves triangular. Scotch Mountains. Perhaps
a variety of the preceding species. 6 in. Perenn. May and June.
Yellow, (i) E. B. 1.2175. E.B. 2. 799. H. Am. 11. Bab. 11.
Lind. 12.

b 2

Genus 8. Trollius.

T. europjeus. Globe Flower. Fig. 31.

Leaves divided into 5 deep segments, cut and serrated. Sepals and
petals converging. Ilill-pastures. 2 ft. Perenn. June. Bright
yellow, (i) E.B. 1.28. E.B.2.707. II.^Arn.\2. Bub. 11. Lind. 12.

Genus 9. IIelleborus.

II. viridis. Green Hellebore. Fig. 32.

Stem few-flowered. Leaves dark green, digitate. Calyx spreading.
Woods on chalk. Violently cathartic. 1 ft. Perenn. April. Green,
(i) E.B. 1.200. E.B. 2.800. II. Am. 12. Bab. 12. Lind. 12.
II. fcetidus. Stinking Hellebore. Bear s- foot. Fig. 33.

Stem many-flowered. Calyx converging. Leaves pedate. Woods.
Violently cathartic. 1ft. Perenn. Jan.-April. Green tipped with purple,
(i) E.B. 1.613. E. B. 2. 801. H. ^ Am. 12. Bab. I 2. Lind. 13.

Genus 10. Aquilegia.

A. vulgaris. Columbine. Fig. 34.

Leaves 2-ternate, lobed. Spur of petals incurved. Woods and
pastures. 18 in. Perenn. June. Purple or rose colour, (l) E. B.
1. 297. E. B. 2. 770. II. fy Am. 12. Bab. 12. Lind. 13.

Genus 11. Delphinium.

D. Consolida. Larkspur. Fig. 35.

Stem erect, with straggling branches. Leaves sessile, in many linear

segments. Fields. Acrid. 2 ft. Ann. July. Blue or pink. (£)
E. B. 1. 1839. E. B. 2. 70 9. H. Am. 13. Bab. 12. Lind. 13.

Genus 12. Aconitum.

A. Napellus. Monkshood. Wolfsbane. Fig. 36.

Lateral petals hairy inside. Leaves deeply 5-clcft, the lobes deeply
cut. lliver-sides ; rare. Poisonous. 3-4 ft. Perenn. June. Blue,
(i) E. B. Supp. 2730. E. B. 2. 769*. II. fyArn. 13. Bab. 12. Lind. 13.

Genus 13. Act^ea.

A. spicata. Herb Christopher. Bane-berry. Fig. 37.

Raceme erect, elongated. Petals as long as stamens. Mountain

woods; rare. Poisonous. 2 ft. Perenn. June. White; berries
black, (i) E. JJ.1.9 18. E.B. 2. 746. II.fyArn. 13. Bab.V2. Lind.14,.

Genus 14. P.EONIA.

P. corallina. Pceomy. Fig. 33.

Leaves bi-ternate, smooth ; segments undivided. Steep Holmes in
the Severn. 2 ft. Perenn. June. Crimson, (f) E. B. 1. 1513.
E. B. 2. 768. II. Am. 14. Bab. 13. Lind. 14.

Order II. BERBERIDACEiE.

Genus 1. Berberis.

B. vulgaris. Barberry. Fig. 39.

A shrub. Flowers in pendulous racemes. Spines 3-cleft. Hedges.

Berries acid. 4-10 ft. June. Yellow ; berries red. (£) E.B. 1.49.
E. B. 2. 462. II. ty Am. 14. Bab. 13. Lind. 14.

Genus 2. Epimedium.

E. alpinum. Barren-wort. Fig. 40.

No root-leaves. Leaf on stem solitary, 2-ternate, leaflets pointed,

heart-shaped. Mountain woods ; rare. 8-10 in. Perenn. April. Red.
(D E.B. 1.438. E. B. 2. 226. II. Am. 14. Bub. 13. Lind. 15.

J.£- Sowerby. Fei'-it

5

Order III. NYMPHiEACEiE.

Genus 1. NymphjEa.

N. alba. White Water Lily. Fig. 41.

Leaves heart-shaped. Rays of stigma 16, curved upward. Clear
water. Perenn. June and July. White ; stigma yellow. (|) E. B.

I. 160. E. B. 2. 765. H. fy Am. 15. Bab. 14. Lind. 15.

Genus 2. Nuphar.

N. lutea. Yellow Water Lily. Fig. 42.

Leaves heart-shaped, lobes meeting. Border of stigma entire. Slow
streams. Perenn. July. Yellow. (1) E. B. 1. 159. E. B. 2. 766.

II. Am. 15. Bab. 14. Lind. 15.

N. pumila. Small Yellow Water Lily. Fig. 43.

Lobes of leaves rather distant. Stigma toothed on margin. High¬
land lakes. Perenn. July. Yellow ; stigma green. (!) E. B. 1.2292.
E. B. 2. 767. II. § Am. 16. Bab. 14. Lind. 15.

Order IV. PAPAVERACEyE.

Genus 1. Papaver.

P. Argemone. Prickly -headed Poppy. Fig. 44.

Capsule club-shaped, ribbed, bristly. Corn-fields and waste ground.
Narcotic. 1^-ft. Ann. June. Pale scarlet, black at base. 0) E.B.
1. 643. E. B. 2. 752. H. Am. 17. Bab. 15. Lind. 16.

P. hybridum. Rough-headed Poppy. Fig. 45.

Capsule nearly globular, furrowed, bristly. Chalky fields. Narcotic,
l! ft. Ann. July. Crimson, often black at base. 0) E. B. 1. 43.
E. B. 2. 753. H. fy Am. 17. Bab. 15. Lind. 16.

P. dubium. Long-headed Poppy. Fig. 46.

Capsule smooth, oblong. Flower-stalk covered with closely pressed
hairs. Corn-fields. Narcotic. 2 ft. Ann. July. Pale scarlet. (!)
E.B. 1. 644. E. B. 2. 754. II. Am. 17. Bab. 15. Lind. 17.

P. Rh(eas. Com Poppy. Fig. 47.

Capsule smooth, nearly globular. Hairs on flower-stalk spreading.
Corn-fields. Narcotic. 2 ft. Ann. June and July. Deep scarlet,
often black at base. (!) E.B. 1. 645. E. B. 2. 755. H. fy Am. 17.
Bab. 15. Lind. 17*

P. somniferum. White Poppy. Fig. 48.

Capsule nearly globular. Leaves unequally divided, glaucous. Waste
places. Narcotic. 3 ft. Ann. July. White or purplish, purple at
base, (i) E. B. 1. 2145. E. B. 2. 756. H. Am. 17. Bab. 15.
Lind. 17.

P. nudicaule. Naked-stalked Yellow Poppy. Fig. 49.

Capsule oblong-ovate, rough. Flower-stems long. Plant covered with
tawny hairs. Rocks and hills on the north-west coast of Ireland. 1 ft.
Perenn. July. Pale yellow. (!) E. B. Supp. 2681. E.B. 2. 753*.
Lind. 17.

Genus 2. Meconopsis.

M. cambrica. Welsh Poppy. Fig. 50.

Capsule smooth, elongated. Humid, rocky places. 1 ft. Perenn.
July and Aug. Orange-yellow. (!) E. B. 1. 66. E. B. 2. 751.
H. Sf Am. 1 7 . Bab. 1 5. Lind. 1 7.

6

Genus 3. Glaucium.

G. lutetjm. Homed Poppy. Fig. 51.

Stem smooth. Stem-leaves wavy. Pods very long, curved. Plant
glaucous. Sea-coast. 1-3 ft. Biennial. June-Aug. Bright yellow.
(I) E.B.l. 8. E. B. 2. 748. II. Am. 18. Bab. 16. Lind. 17.

G. phceniceum. Scarlet Homed Poppy. Fig. 52.

Stem hairy. Stem-leaves pinnatifid, cut. Sandy shores. A doubt¬
ful native. 2 ft. Ann. June and July. Scarlet. (£) E. B. 1.1433.
E. B. 2. 74 9. II. fy Am. 18. Bab. 16. Lind. 18.

G. violaceum. Violet Horned Poppy. Fig. 53.

Stem slightly hairy. Leaves 3-pinnatifid, with linear segments. A
doubtful native. 2 ft. Ann. May. Purple, red at the base. (£)
E. B. 1. 201. E. B. 2. 750. H. Arn. 18. Bab. 16. Lind. 18.

Genus 4. Chelidonium.

C. majus. Celandine. Fig. 54.

Flowers in umbels. Plant slightly hairy. Juice yellow, acrid.
Waste ground and thickets. 2 ft. Perenn. May and June. Yellow,
(i) E. B. 1. 1581. E. B. 2. 747. H. ‘Am. 18. Bab. 16.
Lind. 18.

Order V. FUMARIACEiE.

Genus 1. Fumaria.

F. capreolata. Rampant Fumitory. Fig. 55.

Stem climbing. Petioles twining. Calyx-leaves longer than fruit.
Corn-fields. 1^—3 ft. Ann. May-Aug. Pale purple. (^) E. B.
1. 943. E. B. 2. 987. H. Arn. 19. Bab. 17. Lind. 19.

F. officinalis. Common Fumitory. Fig. 56.

Stem spreading. Leaves glaucous. Calyx not longer than fruit.
Fields and road-sides. 1 ft. Ann, May-Aug. Purple. (\) E. B.

I. 589. E. B. 2. 986. H. Arn. 19. Bab. 17. Lind. 19.

F. parviflora. Small-Cowered Fumitory. Fig. 57.

Stem spreading. Calyx minute. Fruit pointed. Chalky fields,
lft. Ann. Aug. and Sept. Purple. (£) E.B. 1.590. E. B. 2. 988.

II. Am. 19. Bab. 17. Lind. 19.

Genus 2. Corydalis.

C. solida. Bulbous Corydalis. Fig. 53.

Root a tuber. Stem erect, simple. Bracts large, palmate. A
doubtful native. 9 in. Perenn. April. Purple, (i) E.B. 1.1471*
E. B. 2. 983. H. Arn. 20. Bab. 16. Lind. 19.

C. LUTEA. Yellow Corydalis. Fig. 59.

Root fibrous. Stem erect. Bracts minute. Old walls ; rare. 6 in.
Perenn. May and June. Yellow. (£) E. B. 1. 588. E. B. 2. 984.
II. fy Arn. 20. Bab. 17. Lind. 19.

C. CLAVicuLATA. Climbing Corydalis. Fig. 60.

Stem climbing, branched. Bracts minute. Foot-stalks with tendrils.
Bushy places. 1 to 4 ft. Ann. June. Nearly white. (£) E. B.
1. 103. E. B. 2. 985. H. Am. 20. Bab. 17. Lind. 19.

•7. £. Sowerby Fecit

7

Order VI. CRUCIFERS.

Genus 1. Cakile.

C. maritima. Sea Rochet. Fig. 61.

Leaves succulent, pinnatifid. Joints of fruit smooth, 2-edged. Sandy
coasts. 9 in. Ann. June-Sept. Purple or white. (£) E.B. 1.231.
E. B . 2. 891. H. Am. 34. Bab. 34. Lind. 28.

Genus 2. Crambe.

C. maritima. Sea Kale. Fig. 62.

Leaves roundish, glaucous, waved, toothed, very smooth. Sandy
coasts. Young shoots edible. 2 ft. Perenn. June. White. (£)
E. B. 1. 924. E. B. 2. 892. II. fy Am. 43. Bab. 34. Lind. 34.

Genus 3. Coronopus.

C. Ruellii. Wart Cress. Swine’s Cress. Fig. 63.

Stem prostrate, smooth. Fruit undivided. Waste ground, abundant.
1 to 3 in. Ann. June-Sept. White. E. B. 1. 1660. E. B. 2. 893.
H. fy Am. 39. Bab. 33. Lind. 30.

C. didyma. Small Wart Cress. Fig. 64.

Stem procumbent, hairy. Fruit cloven. Waste ground near the
sea. 1 to 2 in. Ann. July. White. E. B. 1. 248. E. B. 2. 894.
H. Am. 39. Bab. 33. Lind. 31.

Genus 4. Isatis.

I. tinctoria. Wood. Fig. 65.

Upper leaves sagittate ; lower ones oblong, crenated. Fruit oblong,
Bmooth. Fields ; rare. Yields a blue dye. 3 ft. Bienn. July. Yellow.
(£) E.B.l. 97. E. B. 2. 895. H. Am. 39. Bab. 33. Lind. 32.

Genus 5. Vella.

V. annua. Cress Rochet. Fig. 66.

Fruit pendulous, with a flat dilated style. Fields ; a doubtful native.
9 in. Ann. July. Pinkish white. (£) E. B. 1. 1442. E.B. 2.896.
H. fy Am. 43. Bab. 30. Lind. 33.

Genus 6. Thlaspi.

T. arvense. Benny Cress. Fig. 67.

Leaves arrow-shaped. Fruit nearly flat, with broad wings. Fields;
not common. 1 ft. Ann. July. White. (£) E. B. 1. 1659.
E. B. 2. 897. H. Am. 32. Bab. 30. Lind. 27.

T. perfoliatum. Perfoliate Penny Cress. Fig. 68.

Stem-leaves heart-shaped, clasping at the base. Fruit inversely
heart-shaped. Style very short. Limestone pastures ; rare. 6 in. Ann.
May. White, (i) E.B.l. 2345. E. B. 2. 898. H. Am. 32.
Bab. 30. Lind. 27.

T. (VLpestre. Alpine Penny Cress. Fig. 69.

Stem-leaves arrow-shaped ; root-leaves ovate. Fruit with a prominent
style. Limestone mountains. 6 in. Perenn. July. (^) E. B. 1.81.
E. B. 2. 899. H. Am. 32. Bab. 31. Lind. 28.

Genus 7. Capsella.

C. Bursa-Pastoris. Shepherd’s Purse. Fig. 70.

Fruit laterally compressed, without wings. Leaves 'generally pin¬
natifid, sometimes entire. A common weed. 3 to 18 in. Ann.
Throughout the year. White. (|) E. B. 1. 1485. E. B. 2. 900.
H. Am. 37. Bab. 33. Lind. 31.

8

Genus 8. IIutciiinsia.

II. petrasa. Rock Ilutrhinsia. Fig. 71-

Leaves pinnate, lobes entire. Petals the length of the calyx. Lime¬
stone rocks. 3 in. Ann. March. White. (^) E. B. 111. E. B.
2.901. H. fy Am. 33. Bub. 31. Lind. 28.

Genus 9. Teesdalia.

T. nudicaulis. Teesdalia. Fig. 72

Petals unequal. Leaves spreading on the ground. Stamens with a
petal-like appendage at base. Sandy places. 2 to 4 in. Ann. June.
White, (f) E. B. 1. 327. E. B. 2. 902. II. Am. 33. Bab. 31.
Lind. 28.

Genus 10. Iberis.

I. amara. Bitter Candy Tuft. Fig. 73.

Leaves lanceolate, somewhat toothed. Chalky-fields. 6 to 10 in.
Ann. July. White. (£) E. B. 1.52. E.B. 2.903. H. Am. 33.
Bab. 31. Lind. 28.

Genus 11. Lepidium.

L. latifolium. Broad-leaved Pepper W ort. Fig. 74.

Leaves ovato-lanceolate, serrated. Fruit oval. Salt marshes. Acrid.
2 ft. Perenn. July. White. (|) E. B. 1. 182. E. B. 2. 904.

H. fy Am. 37. Bab. 32. Lind. 31.

L. drada. Whitlow Pepper Wort. Fig. 75.

Leaves oblong, clasping the stem. Fruit heart-shaped, with the
style the same length. Doubtful native. 1ft. Perenn. June. White,
(i) E. B. Supp. 2683. E. B. 2. 907*. H. Am. 38. Bab. 32.

L. ruderale. Narrow-leaved Pepper Wort. Fig. 76.

Lower leaves pinnatifid, upper ones entire. Flowers without petals.
Fruit notched. 1 ft. Ann. June, (i) E. B. 1. 1595. E. B. 2. 905.
II. §' Am. 37. Bab. 32. Lind. 31.

L. campestre. Common Pepper Wort. Fig. 77.

Stem-leaves arrow-shaped. Fruit rough, winged at upper part; style
short. Fields; common. 1 ft. Ann. July. White, (i) E.B.

I. 1385. E. B. 2. 906. H. Am. 38. Bab. 32. Lind. 31.

L. Smith 1 1. Smooth-fruited Pepper Wort. Fig. 78.

Stem-leaves arrow-shaped. Fruit smooth, winged ; style prominent.
Fields. 8 in. Perenn. June. White, (i) E. B. 1. 1803. E. B.
2.907. H. Am. 38. Bab. 32. Lind. 31.

Genus 12. Cochlearia.

C. officinalis. Scurvy Grass. Fig. 79.

Root-leaves roundish, nearly entire. Fruit globose. Sea-coast;
common. 4 in.-l ft. Ann. May. White. (£) E. B. 1. 551.
E. B. 2. 908. II. Am. 29. Bab. 29. Lind. 27.

C. grcenlandica. Greenland Scurvy Grass. Fig. 80.

Leaves heart-shaped or kidney-shaped. Fruit globose. 6 in. Ann.
June and July. White or purplish. (£) E.B. 1 . 2403. E. B. 2. 909.
II. <5r Am. 29. Bab. 29. Lind. 27.

/ E.Sowerf’y. fecit.

9

C. anglica. English Scurvy Grass. Fig. 81.

Root-leaves heart-shaped or ovate. Fruit elliptical, reticulated with
veins. Muddy sea-shores. 6 in. Ann. May and June. White (i)
E.B. 1.552. E.B. 2.910. II. Am. 29. Bab. 29. Lind. 27.

C. danica. Danish Scurvy Grass. Fig. 82.

Leaves all triangular. Fruit elliptical, reticulated with veins. Sea-
coast and salt marshes. 4 in. Ann. May and June. White.
E. B. 1. 696. E. B. 2. 911. II. Am. 29. Bab. 29. Lind. 27.

C. Armoracia. Horse-radish. Fig. 83.

Root-leaves large, oblong, wrinkled, on long foot-stalks. Fruit

oblong. Waste places ; a doubtful native. Root pungent, used as a
condiment. 2-3 ft. Perenn. June. White, (-i) E. B. 1. 2323.
E. B. 2. 912. U. Am. 29. Bab. 30/ Lind. 27.

Gemi3 13. Subularia.

S. aquatica. Awl-Wort. Fig. 84.

Leaves few, awl-shaped, springing from the root. Alpine lakes, in
shallow water. 4 in. Ann. July. White, (f) E. B. 1. 732.
E. B. 2. 913. II. fy Am. 36. Bab. 33. Lind. 319.

Genus 14. Draba.

D. verna. Whitlow Grass. Fig. 85.

Leaves lanceolate, hairy, toothed. Petals deeply notched. Walls

and dry banks. 3 in. Ann. March. White. (f) E. B. 1. 586.

E. B. 2. 914. H.^ Am. 30. Bab. 29. Lind. 26.

D. aizoides. Yellow Draba. Fig. 86.

Leaves tufted, rigid, hairy. Petals slightly notched. Plant growing
in moss-like tufts. Pennard Castle, Glamorganshire. 2 in. Perenn.
April. Bright yellow. E.B. 1. 1271. E. B. 2. 915. H. Am. 31.
Bab. 28. Lind. 26.

D. rupestris. Bock Draba. Fig. 87.

Leaves in tufts, lanceolate, slightly toothed, hairy. Petals entire.
Highland Mountains. 2 in. Perenn. May and June. White.

E.B. 1. 1338. E. B. 2. 916. H. Am. 31. Bab. 28. Lind. 26.

D. incana. Twisted-podded Draba. Fig. 88.

Stem-leaves deeply toothed, root-ones often entire. Pods twisted.
Plant covered with white hairs. Limestone rocks. 2 in.-l ft. Bienn.
May. White, (f) E. B. 1. 388. E. B. 2. 91 7. H. Am. 31.
Bab. 28. Lind. 26.

D. mxjralis. Broad-leaved Draba. Fig. 89.

Leaves heart-shaped, toothed, hairy. Limestone rocks. 6 in.-l ft.
Ann. April and May. White. (§) E.B. 1. 912. E.B. 2. 918.
II. fy Am. 31. Bab. 29. Lind. 26.

Genus 15. Camelina.

C. sativa. Gold of Pleasure. Fig. 90.

Leaves sagittate. Fruit obovate, rounded. Cultivated ground,
scarcely wild. Cultivated for the oil contained in the seeds. 3 ft.
Ann. July. Yellow. (^) E.B. 1. 1254. E. B. 2. 920. H. fy Am
36. Bab. 30. Lind. 30.

c

10

Genus 16. Koniga.

K. marttima. Sweet Alyssum. Fig. 91.

Leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, hoary. Stem woody below.
Sea-coast, scarcely wild. 1 ft. Perenn. July-Sept. White. (j)
E. B. 1. 1729. E.B. 2.919. 77. ty-Arn.30. Bab. 28. Lind. 26.

Genus 17. Alyssum.

A. calycinum. Calycine Alyssum. Madwort.

Leaves linear-lanceolate. Stems several, erect,
persistent. Sea-coast in Scotland. 4-G in. Ann.

<J) E. B. Supp. 2583. Bab. 28.

Genus 18. Dentaria.

D. bulbifera. Coral-root. Fig. 93.

Lower leaves pinnate, upper ones simple with bulbs at the base,
by which the plant is propagated. Woods. 2 ft. Perenn. May.
Purple. (£) E.B. 1. 309. E. B. 2. 921. 77. £ Am. 26. Bab. 24.
Lind. 25.

Genus 19. Cardamine.

C. amara. Bitter-Cress. Fig. 94.

Leaves without stipules, pinnate ; leaflets of the lower ones roundish
and entire, those of the upper toothed. Hairy. Wet meadows.
6 in.-l ft. Perenn. May. Yellowish white, anthers purple. (^)
E.B. 1. 1000. E. B. 2. 926. 77. Am. 27. Bab. 24. Lind. 25.

C. pratensis. Lady's Smock. Fig. 95.

Leaves pinnated ; upper leaflets narrow, entire ; lower ones roundish,
toothed. Smooth. Meadows. 1 ft. Perenn. May. Lilac, anthers
yellow, (i) E.B.l. 776. E.B. 2.925. H. Am. 27. Bab. 24.
Lind. 25.

C. impatiens. Narrow-leaved Bitter-Cress. Fig. 98.

Leaves pinnate, with stipules. Petals linear, often wanting. Moist
rocks. 1 ft. Ann. May and June. White. (^) E.B. 1.80.
E. B. 2. 923. 77. Am. 27. Bab. 24. Lind. 25.

C. hirsuta. Hairy Bitter-Cress. Fig. 97.

Leaves pinnate, without stipules; leaflets roundish, notched. Hairy.
Moist places in fields. 4 in.-l ft. Ann. March-June. White. (£)
E. B. 1. 492. E. B. 2. 924. 77. Am. 27. Bab. 24. Lind. 25.

C. be llidi folia. Daisy-leaved Lady's Smock. Fig. 98.

Leaves simple, ovate, on rather long foot-stalks. Doubtful native.
2 in. Perenn. July-Sept. White, (f) E. B. 1. 2355. E. B.
2. 922. Lind. 25.

Genus 20. Arabis.

A. striata. Bristol Rock-Cress. Fig. 99.

Leaves toothed, purplish beneath. Petals erect. Hairy. Rocks
near Bristol. 6 in. Perenn. March. White, (f) E. B. 1^ 614.
E. B. 2. 927* H. fy Am. 25. Bab. 23. Lind. 24.

A. petraja. Rock-Cress. Fig. 100.

Root-leaves toothed. Petals spreading. Moist rocks in Wales and
Scotland. 4 in. Perenn. June and July. Lilac, (f) E.B. 1.469.
E.B. 2.928. 77. Am. 25. Bab. 23. Lind. 24.

Fig. 92.
Hairy. Calyx
June. Yellow.

11

A. ciliata. Fringed Rock-Cress. Fig. 101.

Leaves oval, toothed, fringed with hairs. Sea-cliffs ; rare. 4 in.
Bienn. July. White. Of) E. B. 1. 1746. E. B. 2. 929. II. ij"
Am. 26. Bab. 23. Lind. 24.

A. hirsuta. Hairy Wall-Cress. Fig. 102.

Leaves toothed. Pods straight. Hairy. Flower-stem without bracts.
Bocks and walls. 1 ft. Bienn. June. White, (f) E. B. 1. 587.
E. B. 2. 930. H. Sf Am. 26. Bab. 23. Lind. 24.

A. Turrita. Tower Wall-Cress. Fig. 103.

Leaves toothed, stem clasping. Stem with leaf-like bracts below the

flower-stalks. Pods recurved. Walls. 1 ft. Bienn. May. Pale
vellovv. (f) E. B. 1. 178. E. B. 2. 931. H. Am. 26. Bab. 23.
Lind. 24.

Genus 21. Turritis.

T. glabra. Tower Mustard. Fig. 104.

Boot-leaves toothed, hairy ; stem-leaves smooth, entire, stem-clasping.
Glaucous. Dry hanks and road-sides. 1-3 ft. Ann. May and June.
Pale yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 777. E. B. 2. 932. II. Am. 25.
Bab. 23. Lind. 24.

Genus 22. Barbarea.

B. vulgaris. Winter-Cress. Yellow Rocket. Fig. 105.

Lower leaves lyrate, the terminal lobe rounded. Hedge-banks and

waste ground ; common. 1-3 ft. Perenn. May-Sept. Bright
yellow, (f) E.B. 1.443. E.B.2.933. H. fy Am. 24. Bab. 22.
Lind. 23.

B. prascox. Early Winter Cress. Fig. 106.

Lower leaves lyrate ; upper ones deeply pinnatifid. Waste ground.
Used as salad. 1-2 ft. Perenn. April-Oct. Yellow, (f) E. B.
1. 1129. E. B. 2. 934. H. Am. 25. Bab. 22. Lind. 23.

Genus 23. Nasturtium.

N. officinale. Water-Cress. Fig. 107.

Leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, waved on the margin, the terminal one
larger than the rest and rounded. Clear water ; common. Used
as salad. 6-9 in. Perenn. July. White, (f) E. B. 1. 855.
E. B. 2. 935. H. Am. 28. Bab. 22. Lind. 23.

N. sylvestre. Creeping-Cress. Fig. 108.

Boot creeping. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, cut. Upper
leaves entire, linear. Wet places. 6 in. Perenn. July-Sept. Bright
yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 2324. E. B. 2. 936. H. fy Am. 28. Bab. 22.
Lind. 23.

N. terrestre. Marsh-Cress. Fig. 109.

Leaves pinnatifid. Boot tapering. Petals not longer than the
calyx. Wet places. 6—10 in. Ann. June-Sept. Pale yellow, (f)
E.B. 1. 1747. E. B. 2. 93 7. II. Am. 28. Bab. 22. Lind. 23.

N. amphibium. Amphibious Marsh-Cress. Fig. 110.

Boot fibrous. Leaves oblong, pinnatifid or serrated. Ditches and

wet places. 2-3 ft. Perenn. June-Aug. Yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 1840.
E. B. 2. 938. H. &- Am. 28. Bab. 30. Lind. 23.

c 2

12

Genus 24. Sisymbrium.

S. officinale. Hedge Mustard. Fig. 111.

Leaves lyrate, hairy. Pods short, pressed against the stalk. Com¬
mon on waste ground and hedge-banks. 2 ft. Ann. June-Aug.
Yellow. (A) E.B. 1.735. E.B. 2.939. U. Sr Am. 34. Bab. 24.
Lind. 29.

S. Iris. London Rocket. Fig. 112.

Leaves pinnatifid. Pods long, erect. Walls near London. 1-2 ft.
Ann. JulyandAug. Yellow. (4) E. B. 1. 1631. E. B. 2. 940.
LI. fy Am. 35. Bab. 25. Lind. 29.

S. Sophia. Flix-weed. Fig. 113.

Leaves bipinnate, with linear lobes. Waste places. 2 ft. Ann.
July and Aug. Pale yellow. (|) E.B. 1. 963. E. B. 2. 941.
II. Sr Am. 35. Bab. 25. Lind. 29.

S. Thalianum. Thale-Cress. Fig. 114.

Leaves oblong, toothed ; lower ones in a tuft. Common on walls.
2-8 in. Ann. April and May. White. (4) E.B. 1.901. E.B.
2. 942. H. Sr Am. 35. Bab. 25. Lind. 24.

Genus 25. Erysimum.

E. CHEIRANTHOIDES. Treacle-Mustard. JVorm-seed. Fig. 115.
Leaves lanceolate. Waste places and fields. Acrid. 1-2 ft. Bienn.
May-Nov. Yellow. (4) E. B. 1. 942. E. B. 2. 943. H. fy Am. 36.
Bab. 26. Lind. 30,

E. Alliaria. Hedge-Garlic. Fig. 116.

Leaves heart-shaped, with foot-stalks. Hedge-banks and waste
places ; very common. Plant smells like garlic. 2-3 ft. Bienn.
May. White. (4) E. B. 1. 796. E. B. 2. 944. H. fy Am. 35.
Bab. 26. Lind. 29.

E. orientale. Hare' s-ear Mustard. Fig. 117.

Leaves oblong heart-shaped, stein-clasping. Glaucous. Fields.
1-2 ft. Ann. June. Yellowish white. (4) E. B. 1. 1804. E. B.
2. 945. H. Sr Am. 36. Bab. 26. Lind. 30.

Genus 26. Cheiranthus.

C. Ciieiri. Wall-Jlower , Fig. 118.

Stem shrubby, branches angular. Leaves lanceolate. Pods linear.
Walls. 1-1-2- ft. Bienn. usually. April. Orange-yellow. (4)

E. B. 1. 934. E. B. 2. 946. H. Am. 24. Bab. 21. Lind. 22.

Genus 27. Mattiiiola.

M. incana. Hoary Stock. Fig. 119.

Stem shrubby. Leaves lanceolate, entire, hoary. Sea-cliffs in the
south of England. 1-2 ft. Bienn. May-july. Purple. (4)

E. B. 1. 1935. E. B. 2. 94 7. H. Am. 24. Bab. 21. Lind. 22.
M. siNtiATA. Great Sea-Stoc/c. Fig. 120.

Stem herbaceous, spreading. Leaves downy, waved. Sandy sea¬
shores. 2 ft. Bienn. May-Aug. Purple. (4) E. B. 1. 462.
E.B. 2.948. H. Am. 24. Bab. 21. Lind. 22.

13

Genus 28. Hesperis.

H. matronalis. Dame's Violet. Fig. 121.

Stem erect. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, toothed. Moist hilly pastures
and waste places. 2-3 ft. Pcrenn. May and June. Rose-colour.
Q) E.B. 1. 731. E. B. 2. 949. H. Am. 34. Bab. 25. Lind. 29.

Genus 29. Brassica.

B. Napus. Wild Rape. Fig. 122*

Root fusiform. Lower leaves lyrate, toothed ; upper ones lanceolate,
stem-clasping. Smooth. Waste ground. Cultivated for its oily seeds.
1-2 ft. Bienn. May and June. Bright yellow. (^) E. B. 1. 2146.
E. B. 2. 950. H. fy Am. 40. Bab. 26. Lind. 32.

B. Rapa. Wild Turnip. Fig. 123,

Root orbicular, fleshy. Root-leaves lyrate, rough ; stem-ones nearly
entire, smooth. Fields and waste places. Cultivated for its edible root.
1-2 ft. Bienn. April and May. Bright yellow. (-£) E.B. 1.21/6.
E. B. 2. 951. H . Am. 40. Bab. 26. Lind. 32.

B. oleracea. Cabbage. Fig. 124.

Root cylindrical, fleshy. Leaves large, partly lyrate, waved and
lobed, glaucous, smooth. Sea-clitfs. Cultivated as an esculent.. 6 in.-
2 ft. Bienn. June. Lemon-yellow. (£) E.B. 1.637. E.B. 2. 952.
II. Am. 40. Bab. 26. Lind. 32.

B. Monensis. Isle of Man Cabbage . Fig. 125.

Leaves glaucous, deeply pinnatifid, unequally toothed. Sandy sea¬
shores in the Isle of Man and elsewhere. Eaten by cattle. 6 in.-l ft.
Perenn. June and July. Yellow. (L) E. B. 1. 962. E. B. 2. 953.
II. Am. 41. Bab. 27. Lind. 32.

B. Cheiranthus. Wall-flower Cabbage. Fig. 126.

Root woody. All the leaves deeply pinnatifid, hairy. Perhaps a
variety of the preceding. Sandy shores, Jersey. Perenn.? July.
Deep yellow. (|) E.B.Supp. 2821. Bab. 27. Lind. 320.

B. campestris. Field Cabbage. Colza. Swedish Turnip. Fig. 127.
Root tapering. Root-leaves lyrate, rough ; those of the stem entire
or partly pinnatifid, stem-clasping. River-sides and cultivated ground.
Varieties cultivated for their oily seeds and edible roots. 1-2 ft.
Ann. June-Aug. Yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 2243. E.B.2.95A. II.
Am. 40. Bab. 26. Lind. 32.

Genus 30. Sinapis.

S. arvensis. Charlock. Wild Mustard. Fig. 128.

Leaves toothed, partly lyrate. Pods with many angles, rugged, longer
than their beak. A common weed. 1-2 ft. Ann. May and June. Yellow.
(|) E. B. 1. 1748. E.B. 2. 953. E.^Arn.Al. Bab. 27. Lind. 33.
S. alba. White Mustard. Fig. 129.

Leaves pinnatifid. Pods bristly, rugged, spreading, shorter than the
beak. Waste ground. 1ft. Ann. July. Yellow. Iff) E.B. 1.1677.
E. B. 2. 956. H. <£* Am. 42. Bab. 27. Lind. 33.

S. nigra. Black Mustard. Fig. 130.

Lower leaves lyrate, rough ; upper ones linear-lanceolate. Beak of
pod very short. Pungent seeds used as a condiment. 3-4 ft. Ann.
June. Yellow, (i) E. B. 1. 969. E. B. 2. 957. II. Am. 41.
Bab. 27. Lind. 33.

14

S. INCANA. Fig. 131

Leaves lvrate, rough ; stem-ones linear-lanceolate. Pods closely
pressed to the stem, very short, with beak nearly as long. Sandy shores.
Jersey. 2-3 ft. Ann. July. Yellow. (!) E. B. Supp. 2843.
II. Am. 41. Bab. 27.

S. tenuifolia. Wall Roclcet. Fig. 132.

Stem smooth. Leaves pinnatifid. Foot-stalks spreading. Seeds in
two rows. Walls. l-l£ ft. Perenn. July-Sept. Yellow. (!)
E. B. 1. 525. E. B. 2. 958. H. Am. 27. Bab. 42. Lind. 33.

S. muralis. Sand Rocket. Fig. 133.

Stem hairy, spreading. Leaves toothed or lyrate. Foot-stalks
spreading. Seeds in two rows. Sandy shores. 1 ft. Ann. Aug.
Yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 1090. E.B. 2. 959. H.fyArn.4 2. Bab. 28.
Lind. 33.

Genus 31. Raphanus.

R. Raphanistrum. Wild Radish. Fig. 134.

Lower leaves lyrate. Pods jointed, striated. Petals deeply veined.
A common weed. Variety cultivated for its edible root, li ft. Ann.
Julv. Yellow or white with purple veins. (!) E.B. 1. 850. E. B.
2. 960. H. Am. 43. Bab. 34. Lind. 34.

R. MARITIMUS. Fig. 135.

Lower leaves unequally lyrate. Pods jointed, deeply furrowed.
Sea-coast. 3 ft. Bienn. May and June. Yellow. (!) E.B. 1. 1043.
E. B. 2. 961. H. Am. 43. Bab. 34. Lind. 34.

Order VII. RESEDACEyE.

Genus 1. Reseda.

R. Luteola. Weld. Fig. 136.

Leaves all lanceolate, entire. Calyx with 4 segments. Waste ground.
Yields a yellow dye. 2-3 ft. Ann. July and Aug. Greenish yellow.
(!) E.B. 1.320. E.B. 2.685. H. Am. 44. Bab. 35. Lind. 219.

R. ltjtea. Wild Mignonette. Fig. 137.

Leaves deeply 3-cleft or pinnatifid. Calyx with 6 segments. Chalky
hills. 2-3 ft. Ann. July and Aug. Yellow. (!) E. B. 1. 321.
E. B. 2. 686. H. Am. 44. Bab. 34. Lind. 219.

R. frtjticueosa. Shrubby Mignonette. Fig. 138.

Shrubby. Leaves all pinnatifid, glaucous. Calyx with 5 segments.
Petals trifid. Hedge-banks. 1 ft. Perenn. June. Nearly white.
(!) E. B. Supp. 2628. E. B. 2. 686. II. Am. 44. Bab. 35.
Lind. 333.

Order VIII. CISTACE^E.

Genus 1. Helianthemum.

II. canum. Iloary Rock-Rose. Fig. 139.

Shrubby. Leaves without stipules, opposite, hoary beneath. Alpine
rocks. 3-4 in. Perenn. May and June. Bright yellow. (|)
E. B. 1. 396. E. B. 2. 757. II. i Am. 45. Bab. 35. Lind. 36.

II. guttatum. Spotted Annual Rock- Rose. Fig. 140.

Herbaceous. Leaves without stipules. Sandy pastures ; rare. 6 in.
Ann. June and July. Yellow, with purple spot at base. (!) E.B.
1. 544. E. B. 2. 758. H. Am. 45. Bab. 35. Lind, 37.

15

II. ledifolium. Ledum-leaved Rock-Rose. Fig. 141.

Leaves with stipules. Petals shorter than the calyx. Sandy places ;
rare. Gin. Ann. July. Pale yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 2414. E.B.
2. 759. II. Am. 45. Bab. 36. Lind. 37.

II. vulgare. Rock-Rose. Sun-Cistus. Fig. 142.

Shrubby, procumbent. Leaves with stipules. Petals large. Com¬
mon on chalk or limestone pastures. 6 in. Perenn. July and Aug.
Bright yellow. (^) E. B. I. 1321. E. B. 2. 760. II. Am. 45.
Bab. 36. Lind. 3 7 .

II. surrejanum. Dotted Sun-Cistus. Fig. 143.

Shrubby, procumbent. Leaves with stipules, dotted beneath. Petals
small. Chalky pastures. 6 in. Perenn. July. Yellow. (|)
E. B. 1. 2207. E. B. 2. 761. II. fy Am. 46. Bab. 36. Lind. 37.

H. poli folium. White Sun-Cistus. Fig. 144.

Shrubby, procumbent. Leaves with stipules. Petals large. Kocky
hills near the sea ; rare. 6 in. Perenn. J uly . White. (£) E. B.
1.1322. E.B. 2.762. H.fyArn. 46. Bab. 36. Lind. 31.

Order IX. VIOLACEAE.

Genus 1. Viola.

V. hirta. Hairy Violet. Fig. 145.

No stem. Leaves heart-shaped, rough with hairs. Bracts below
the middle of the flower-stalk. Stipules membranous. Hedge-banks
on chalk or limestone. 4 in. Perenn. April. Pale violet ; scentless,
(f) E.B. 1.894. E.B. 2.328. H. fy Am. 47. Bab. 37. Lind. 35.

V. odorata. Sweet Violet. Fig. 146.

No stem. Leaves heart-shaped, nearly smooth. Bracts above the
middle of the stalk. Stipules membranous. Woods and hedge-banks ;
common. 5 in. Perenn. March and April. Deep violet or white ;
sweet-scented, (f) E. B. 1. 619. E. B. 2. 329. H. fy Am. 47.
Bab. 37. Lind. 35.

V. palustris. Marsh Violet. Fig. 147.

No stem. Leaves kidney-shaped or heart-shaped, smooth. Bracts
near the middle of the stalk. Stipules membranous. Bogs. 4 in.
Perenn. April. Pale lilac, (§) E. B. 1. 444. E. B. 2. 330.
H. fy Am. 46. Bab. 36. Lind. 35.

V. canina. Dog Violet. Fig. 148.

Stem long, channelled. Leaves heart-shaped. Stipules membranous.
Woods and banks ; common. 6 in. Perenn. April-Aug. Blue,
(f) E.B. 1.620. E.B. 2.331. H.fyAm.47. Bab. 37. Lind. 35.

V. flavicornis. Yellow-spurred Violet. Fig. 149.

Stem rather woody, angular. Probably a variety of the preceding.
Heaths. 3 in. Perenn. May and June. Violet ; spur yellow, (§)
E. B. Supp. 2736. E. B. 2. 331*. Bab. 38. Lind. 36.

V. lactea. Cream-coloured Violet. Fig. 150.

Leaves ovato-lanceolate. Stipules membranous. Variety of canina ?
Bogs. 6 in. Perenn. June. Yellowish white, (f) E.B. 1.445.
E. B. 2. 332. H. Am. 48. Bab. 38. Lind. 35.

V. tricolor. Ileart's-ease. Pansy. Fig. 151.

Stems angular, spreading. Leaves oblong, crenated. Stipules leafy,
pinnatitid. Petals longer than the calyx. Fields; common. 6 in.
Ann. May-Sept. Upper petals deep violet, lower yellow, (-f)
E. B. 1. 1287. E. B. 2. 333. II. Am. 49. Bab. 38. Lind. 36.

V. Curtisii. Yellow Sea-side Pansy. ' Fig. 152.

Stems angular, decumbent. Leaves oblong, crenated. Stipules
leafy, palmated. Sandy wastes near the sea. 6 in. Perenn. May-
Aug. Lower petal deep yellow, upper ones straw-colour. (f)
E. B. Supp. 2693. E. B. 2.334*. II. Am. 49. Bab. 38. Lind. 320.

V. arvensis. Com Pansy. Fig. 153.

Stems angular, spreading. Leaves oblong, crenated, smooth. Sti¬
pules leafy, pinnatifid. Petals shorter than the calyx. Fields ; com¬
mon. Gin. Ann. May-Sept. Pale yellow, (jj) E. B. Supp. 2712.
E. B. 2. 333*. H. Am. 49. Bab. 39. Lind. 320.

V. lutea. Mountain Pansy. Fig. 154.

Stems triangular. Leaves oblong, crenated, hairy. Stipules leafy,
palmated. Petals large. Mountain pastures. 4 in. Perenn. May-
Sept. Yellow or violet, very variable, (f) E. B. 1. 721. E. B.
2. 334. II. fy Am. 49. Bab. 38. Lind. 36.

Order X. DROSERACEiE.

Genus 1. Drosera.

D. rotundi folia. Sun-dew. Fig. 155.

Leaves rounded, foot-stalks hairy. Bogs. 2-4 in. Perenn. July.
White. (4) E.B.l. 867. E. B. 2. 458. B. <&• Am. 50. Bab. 39.
Lind. 38.

D. longifolia. Long-leaved Sun-dew. Fig. 156.

Leaves obovate, foot-stalks smooth. Bogs. 2-6 in. Perenn. July.
White. (4) E.B. 1.868. E. B. 2. 459. B. Am. 50. Lind. 38.

D. angltca. Great Sun-dew. Fig. 157.

Leaves linear-oblong, foot-stalks smooth. Bogs. Perenn. July.
Pinkish, (f) E.B. 1.869. E.B. 2.460. U.^Am. 50. Bab. 39.
Lind. 38.

Order XI. POLY GALACEiE.

Genus 1. Polygala.

P. vulgaris. Milk-wort. Fig. 158.

Stems forming a spreading tuft. Leaves scattered, linear-lanceolate.
Heaths. 2-6 in. Perenn. May-Sept. Blue, pink or white. (4)
E. B. 1. 76. E. B. 2. 989. II. Am. 52. Bab. 40. Lind. 39.

P. oxyptera. Milk-wort. Fig. 159.

Lower leaves small, obovate. A variety of vulgaris. Channel
Islands. 6 in. Perenn. June-Sept. *(|) E. B. Supp. 282 7.

II. Am. 52.

P. amara. Broad-leaved Milk-wort. Fig. 160.

Lower leaves large, obovate, in a tuft ; upper ones oblong. A variety
of vulgaris. E. B. Supp. 2764. E. B. 2. 989*. Bab. 40. Lind. 320.

LAugS i860.

J.£. Scwertty Fecit.

17

Order XII. ERANKENIACEiE.

Genus 1. Frankenia.

F. lasvis. Sea-heath. Fig. 161.

Leaves linear, in whorls. Plant procumbent. Muddy salt marshes.

4 in. Perenn. July and Aug. Rose colour, (f) E. B. 1. 205.

E. B. 2. 463. H.^ Am. 53. Bab. 41. Lind. 39.

F. pulverulenta. Powdery Sea-heath. Fig. 162.

Leaves obtuse, rather indented at the apex, downy beneath. Coast
of Sussex; very rare. 4 in. Ann. July. Pale pink. (f) E.B.
1.2222. E.B. 2. 464. H. Am. 53. Bab. 41. Lind. 39.

Order XIII. CARYOPHYLLACEJS.

Genus 1. Elatine.

E. tripetala. Water-wort. Fig. 163.

Flowers stalked, seldom expanding. Petals 3. Stamens 6. Wet
sandy places or shallow water. 1 in. Ann, July and Aug. Pink.
(2) E. B. 1. 955. E. B. 2. 578. H. Am. 54. Bab. 42. Lind. 48.

E. Hydropiper. Octandrous Water-wort. Fig. 164.

Flowers sessile. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Generally covered by the
water ; rarely expanding ; rare. 1 in. Ann. Aug. Pink, (f ) E. B.
Supp. 2670. E. B. 2. 578*. H. Am. 54. Bab. 42. Lind. 321.

Genus 2. Dianthus.

D. Armeria. Deptford Pink. Fig. 165.

Flowers in clusters. Bracts lanceolate, downy, as long as the calyx.
Pastures. l-l! ft. Ann. July-Sept. Pink with white dots. (!)
E. B. 1.317. E.B. 2.614. H.fyArn. 56. Bab. 44. Lind. 44.

D. prolifer. Proliferous Pink. Fig. 166.

Flowers in clusters. Bracts ovate, membranous, longer than the
calyx. Gravelly pastures ; rare. 9 in. Ann. July. Dark purple.
(!) E. BA. 956. E. B. 2. 615. H. fy Am. 56. Bab. 44. Lind. 44.
D. Caryophyllus. Clove Pink. Carnation. Fig. 167.

Flowers solitary, large. Bracts very short. Petals unequally notched.
Stamens shorter than the calyx. Old walls. The origin of the garden
Pinks. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July. Pink. (!) E.B. 1. 214. E. B.
2.616. H.fyArn. 56. Bab. 44. Lind. 44.

D. deltoides. Maiden Pink. Fig. 168.

Stems procumbent. Flowers solitary. Bracts generally 2, ovato-
lanceolate. Heaths and sandy fields. 6-9 in. Perenn. July-Oct.
Pink or white, with a crimson ring. (|^) E. B. 1. 61. E. B. 2. 61 7.
H. Am. 57. Bab. 45. Lind. 44.

D. CyESius. Mountain Pink. Cheddar Pink. Fig. 169.

Stems single-flowered. Bracts roundish, short. Petals unequally
toothed. Stamens longer than the calyx. Cheddar Rocks, Somerset.
4-8 in. Perenn. July and Aug. Pale rose colour. (§) E. BA. 62.
E. B. 2. 618. LI. Am. 57. Bab. 45. Lind. 44.

Genus 3. Saponaria.

S. officinalis. Soapwort. Fig. 170.

Leaves ovato-lanceolate, opposite. Calyx cylindrical. Flowers often
double. Hedge-banks and waste places. 2 ft. Perenn. Aug. Pink.
(!) E. BA. 1060. E. B. 2. 613. U. Am. 57. Bab. 45. Lind. 45.

D

18

Genus 4. Cucubalus.

C. baccifer. Berry-bearing Chic/cweed. Fig. 171.

Stem straggling, branched. Fruit a succulent berry. South of Europe.
Isle of Dogs near London, and Anglesey ; scarcely wild. ft. Perenn.
June and July. White; berries black. (§) E.B. 1. 1577. E. B.
2.619. Bab. 45.

Genus 5. Silene.

S. acaults. Moss Campion. Cushion Pink. Fig. 172.

riant growing in mossy tufts. Leaves linear. Flowers solitary, on
short stalks. High mountain summits. 1 in. Perenn. June and
July. Deep pink or white. (§) E. B. 1. 1081. E. B. 2. 629.
H. §• Am. 58. Bab. 47. Lind. 46.

S. inflata. Bladder Campion. Fig. 173.

Flowers numerous, in loose panicles. Calyx much inflated. Petals
deeply cleft, with narrow segments. Stem erect. Plant sometimes
downy. Fields and way-sides ; common. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June-
Sept. White, (i) E.B. 1. 164. E. B. 2. 620. H. Am. 58.

Bab. 46. Lind. 45.

S. maritima. Sea Campion. Fig. 174.

Flowers solitary or few together. Calyx much inflated. Petals

slightly cleft, with broad segments. Stems recumbent. Sea-coast.

4-9 in. Perenn. June-Sept. White. (£) E. B. 1. 95 7. E. B.
2. 621. H . fy Am. 58. Bab. 46. Lind. 45.

S. Otites. Spanish Catchfy. Fig. 175.

Flowers generally dioecious, in whorls. Petals entire. Calyx slightly
inflated. Stem erect, few-leaved. Dry fields in the Eastern counties.
6 in.-l ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Pale yellow. (•§•) E.B. 1.85.
E. B. 2. 624. II. fy Am. 59. Bab. 46. Lind. 46.

S. anglica. English Catclifly. Fig. 176.

Calyx slightly inflated. Petals small, slightly cleft. Flowers
alternate, in the axils of the leaves. Lower capsules drooping. Plant
hairy, viscid. Fields in dry soil. 6 in.-l ft. Ann. June. White,
(f) E.B. 1.1178. E.B. 2. 622. H.fy Am. 59. Bab. 45. Lind. 45.
S. quinquevulnera. Variegated Catchjly. Fig. 177.

Petals entire, roundish. Flowers alternate. Plant hairy. Capsules
erect. Sandy fields ; not common. 1ft. Ann. June-Aug. White,
with deep red spot on each petal. (|) E. B. 1. 86. E. B. 2. 623.
II. fy Am. 59. Bab. 46. Lind. 45.

S. nutans. Nottingham Catchf y. Fig. 178.

Flowers in drooping panicles. Petals deeply cleft, with linear seg¬
ments. Calyx cylindrical. Leaves downy. Limestone rocks. 2 ft.
Perenn. June and July. White. (£) E.B.I.A65. E.B. 2. 625.

II. Am. 59. Bab. 46. Lind. 46.

S. patens. Dover Catchfy. Fig. 179.

Flowers in erect panicles. Petals deeply cleft, with broad segments.
Calyx long, club-shaped. Perhaps a variety of nutans. Dover cliffs.
1-2 ft. Perenn. July. White. (£) E. B. Supp.27AS. E.B. 2. 625*.
Bab. 46.

S. conica. Corn Catchfy. Fig. 180.

Calyx inflated, conical, furrowed. Petals small, slightly cleft. Flowers
in dichotomous panicles. Sandy places in Kent. 1 ft. Ann. July.
Purple, (i) E. B. 1 . 922. E.B. 2.626. II. Am. 60. Bab. 46.
Lind. 45.

i Sept. 1858.

o

19

S. noctiflora. Night-Jtovoering Catchjly. Fig. 181.

Calyx with 10 hairy ribs, and very long linear teeth. Petals large,
deeply cleft. Plant downy. Sandy fields. 1-2 ft. Ann. July.
Pale pink or white, sweet-scented, opening at night. (£) E. B. 1. 291.
E. B. 2. 627. H. Am. 60. Bab. 47, Lind. 46.

S. Armeria. LobeV s Catchjly. Fig. 182.

Flowers in rather close corymbs. Petals notched. Calyx club-shaped.
Walls ; doubtful native. 1| ft. Ann. July and Aug. Purplish pink.
(I) E. B. 1. 1398. E.B. 2.628. H.fyArn. 60. Bab.47. Lind. 46.
Genus 6. Lychnis.

L. Flos-Cuculi. Cuckoo Flower. Ragged Robin. Fig. 183.
Petals with 4 long linear segments. Leaves lanceolate. Flower-stems
viscid. Moist meadows ; common. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June. Rose-
colour ; calyx and flower-stalks pink, (f) E.B. 1. 573. E. B. 2. 664.
II. fy Am. 61. Bab. 48. Lind. 47.

L. Viscaria. German Catchjly. Fig. 184.

Flowers large. Petals slightly cleft. Leaves linear-lanceolate.
Flower-stems viscid. Dry alpine rocks ; local. 1ft. Perenn. June.
Deep purplish pink or white. (|-) E. B. 1. 788. E. B. 2. 667.
H. fy Am. 61. Bab. 47. Lind. 47.

L. alpina. Mountain Campion. Fig. 185.

Plant tufted. Petals sharply cleft. Flowers in close corymbs. Clova
Mountains, Angus. 6 in. Perenn. June and July. Pink, (f)
E. B. 1. 2254. E. B. 2. 668. H. fy Am. 61. Bab. 47. Lind. 47.
L. djurna. Campion. Fig. 186.

Flowers usually dioecious. Petals deeply cleft. Plant hairy. Fig. 6.,
with broader petals and globular capsules, is a distinct species ( L . vesper-
tina). Fields and banks; common. 1-2 ft. Perenn. May-Aug.
Rose-colour; b. white, (f) E. B. 1. 1579 & 1580. E.B. 2.665 &
666. H. fy Am. 61. Bab. 48. Lind. 47.

Genus 7. Agrostemma.

A. Githago. Com Cockle. Fig. 187.

Flowers large. Teeth of the calyx projecting beyond the corolla.

Petals very slightly cleft. Plant covered with silky hairs. Corn-fields ;
common. 2-3 ft. Ann. July. Purple. (^) E. B. 1. 741. E. B.
2. 663. H. fy Am. 62. Bab. 48. Lind. 47.

Genus 8. Buffonia.

B. TENUIFOLIA. Fig. 188.

Leaves very narrow, dilated at the base. Stems straggling. Calyx

with straight parallel furrows. Capsule scarcely as long as the calyx.
A doubtful native. 6 in. Ann. June. White. (■§) E.B. 1. 1313.
E. B. 2. 234. H. Am. 64. Bab. 48. Lind. 47.

Genus 9. Sagina.

S. procumbens. Creeping Pearl-wort. Fig. 189.

Stems creeping, smooth. Petals very short. Leaves linear, minutely
pointed. Garden-walks and waste places ; very common. 1-2 in.
Perenn. May-Nov. White. E. B. 1. 880. E. B. 2. 249. H. $•
Am. 63. Bab. 49. Lind. 49.

S. apetala. Annual Pearl-wort. Fig. 190.

Stems nearly erect, hairy. Leaves bristle-pointed. Petals minute.
Dry ground; very common. 1-3 in. Ann. May and June. Green.
E. B. 1. 881. E. B. 2. 251. H. Am. 62. Bab. 49. Lind. 49.

d 2

20

S. maritima. Sea Pearl-wort. Fig. 191.

Stems nearly upright, smooth. Leaves short, obtuse. Petals wanting.
Sea-shore, and summit of Ben Nevis. 1-4 in. Ann. May-Aug. Green.
£'.21.1.2195. E.B. 2.250. H. Arn. 63. Bab. 49. Lind. 49.

Genus 10. Mcenchia.

M. E RECTA. Fig- 192.

Leaves linear-lanceolate. Stem erect. Sandy places. 1-3 in. Ann.
May. White. E.B. 1.609. E.B. 2. 252. H.fyAm.7 0. Bab. 54.
Lind. 49.

Genus 11. IIolosteum.

H. umbellatum. Jayyed Chickweed. Fig. 193.

Flowers in umbels. Leaves ovate. Upper part of the stem glaucous,
with glandular hairs. Walls near Norwich and Bury St. Edmunds.
3-4 in. Ann. April. Pink, (f) E. B. 1. 27. E. B. 2. 192.
11. Am. 70. Bab. 52. Lind. 50.

Genus 12. Spergula.

S. arvensis. Spurrey. Fig. 194.

Leaves long, linear, in close whorls. Fruit-stalks reflexed. Plant
hairy. Corn-fields ; very common. Cultivated in Holland for fodder.
6 in. -1 ft. Ann. June-Sept. White, (§) E. B. 1. 1535. E.B.
2. 677. H. fy Am. 155. Bab. 124. Lind. 48.

S. nodosa. Knotted Spurrey. Fig. 195.

Leaves short, opposite ; upper ones clustered. Petals large. Flowers
2 or 3 on each stem. Wet sandy places. 6 in. Perenn. July and

Aug. White, (f) E.B. 1. 694. E. B. 2. 678. H. Arn. 64.

Bab. 50. Lind. 48.

S. saginoides. Smooth Spurrey. Fig. 196.

Leaves opposite. Flowers solitary, on long stalks. Capsules longer
than the calyx. Highland mountains. 1-3 in. Perenn. June and

July. White, (f) E. B. 1. 2105. E. B. 2. 679. H. fy Arn. 64.

Bab. 50. Lind. 48.

S. subulata. Small Hairy Spurrey. Fig. 197.

Leaves opposite. Flower-stalks solitary, very long. Plant rather
hairy. Capsules the same length as the calyx. Sandy places. 1-3 in.
Perenn. July and Aug. (f) E. B. 1. 1082. E. B. 2. 680. H. fy
Am. 64. Bab. 50. Lind. 48.

Genus 13. Stellaria.

S. nemortjm. Wood Star-wort. Fig. 198.

Lower leaves heart-shaped, with foot-stalks ; upper ones ovate, sessile.
Plant hairy. Moist woods. 1-2 ft. Perenn. May and June. White,
(f) E.B. 1. 92. E. B. 2. 630. H. Am. 69. Bab. 53. Lind. 52.
S. media. Chickweed. Fig. 199.

Leaves ovate ; the lower ones with foot-stalks. Stems procumbent,
with a line of hairs on one side. A common weed. May be used as
an esculent. 6 in.-l ft. Ann. All the year. White. (|) E. B.
1 537. E. B. 2. 631. H. Arn. 69. Bab. 53. Lind. 52.

S. Holostea. Star-wort. Fig. 200.

Leaves narrow-lanceolate, sessile. Petals inversely heart-shaped.
Stems erect. Hedge-banks. 1-2 ft. Perenn. May and June. White,
(f ) E.B. 1.511. E.B. 2. 632. II. £ Arn. 69. Bub. 53. Lind. 52.

1 Sept. 18 5 3

40

*7. J5. Sowe rS y Tzcrf.

21

S. graminea. Lesser Star-wort. Fig. 201.

Leaves lanceolate, sessile. Petals deeply cleft, with narrow lobes.
Stems slender, erect. Hedge-banks and heaths. 1 ft. Perenn. June
and July. White. (§) E. B. 1 . 803. E.B.2.633. II. fy Arn. 69.
Bab. 53. Lind. 52.

S. glauca. Marsh Star-wort. Fig. 202.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, glaucous. Petals deeply cleft. Stems erect,
lft. Perenn. Moist meadows ; local. June and July. White. (|)
E. B. 1. 825. E. B. 2. 634. H. fy Arn. 69. Bab. 53. Lind. 52.

S. uliginosa. Bog Star-wort. Fig. 203.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate. Petals shorter than the calyx. Ditches
and wet places. 1 ft. Ann. June. White. (|) E. B. 1. 1074.
E. B. 2. 635. II. fy Arn. 70. Bab. 54. Lind. 51.

S. cerastoides. Alpine Star-wort. Fig. 204.

Stems decumbent. Leaves elliptic-oblong, sessile. Petals deeply
cleft, about the length of the calyx. Highland mountains. 6 in.
Perenn. June. White. (|-) E.B. 1.911. E.B.2.637. H.fyArn.73.
Bab. 56. Lind. 53.

S. scapigera. Many-stalked Star-wort. Fig. 205.

Stem shorter than the flower-stalks. Leaves linear-lanceolate, crowded
together. Flowers in a close irregular panicle. Moist places on moun¬
tains. 4 in. Perenn. June. (|-) E. B. 1. 1269. E. B. 2. 636.
Bab. 54. Lind. 52.

Genus 14. Arenaria.

A. peploides. Sea Sand-wort. Sea Pimpernel. Fig. 206.

Stem creeping, rather succulent. Leaves ovate, fleshy. Calyx with¬
out ribs. Flowers nearly sessile. Sandy sea-shores. 3 in. Perenn.
July. White, (f) E. B. 1. 189. E. B. 2. 640. U. fy Arn. 65.
Bab. 50. Lind. 49.

A. trinervis. Plantain-leaved Sand-wort. Fig. 207.

Plant downy. Leaves ovate, with foot-stalks. Calyx obscurely 3-
ribbed. Moist woods. 1 ft. Ann. May and June. White. (f)
E. B. 1. 1483. E. B. 2. 641. H. Arn. 68. Bab. 51. Lind. 49.

A. serpyll.ifol.ia. Thyme-leaved Sand-wort. Fig. 208.

Leaves ovate, sessile. Calyx hairy, 3 outer sepals 5-ribbed. Walls
and dry places ; common. 2-4 in. Ann. May- July. White, (§)
E. B. 1. 923. E. B. 2. 642. H. Arn. 67. Bab. 52. Lind. 49.

A. ciliata. Fringed Sand-wort. Fig. 209.

Stems procumbent, much branched, downy. Leaves spatulate, ciliated
at the base. Flowers terminal, solitary. Petals large. Limestone
cliffs ; very rare. 3 in. Perenn. Aug. and Sept, (f) E. B. 1. 1745.
E. B. 2. 646. H. fy Arn. 67. Bab. 52. Lind. 50. ,

A. norvegica. Norway Sand-wort. Fig. 210.

Leaves fleshy, spatulate, obovate. Sepals half as long as the corolla.
Plant glabrous. Unst, Shetland. 3 in. Perenn. July and Aug.
White, (§) E. B. Supp. 2852. U. p Am. 67. Bab. 52.

22

A. verna. Spring Sand-wort. Fig. 211.

Stems numerous, panicled above. Leaves awl-shaped. Petals the
length of the calyx. Mountain pastures. 4 in. Perenn. May-July.
White, (f) E.B. 1.512. E. B. 2. G45. II. fy Am. G6. Bab. 51.

Lind. 50.

A. rubella. Little Red Sand-ioort. Fig. 212.

Stems tufted, downy, usually one- flowered. Leaves linear, blunt.
Petals shorter than the calyx. 'Mountains ; very rare. 2 in. Perenn.
May— Aug. White, anthers red. (|-) E. B. Sujip.2638. E.B. 2.646*.
II. fy Am. 66. Bab. 51.

A. tenuifolia. Fine-leaved Sand-wort. Fig. 213.

Stems slender, much branched. Leaves slender, awl-shaped. Petals
shorter than the calyx. Walls and sandy places. 5 in. Ann. June.
White, (f) E.B. 1. 219. E. B. 2. G43. II. fy Am. 66. Bab. 51.

Lind. 49.

A. fasti giata. Level-topped Sand-wort. Fig. 214.

Stem erect, densely corymbose when in fruit. Leaves very slender.
Flowers crowded. Petals small. Alpine rocks. 4 in. Ann. June.
White, (f) E. B. 1. 1744. E. B. 2.644. II. fy Am. 67. Bab. 51.
Lind. 50.

A. rubra. Red Sand-wort. Fig. 215.

Leaves with membranous stipules. Stems prostrate, hairy. Fields

and dry places ; common. 2-3 in. Ann. July and Aug. Purple.

(!) E. B. 1. 852. E. B. 2. 958. H. fy Am. 154. Bab. 124. Lind. 50.

A. marina. Sea Sand-wort. Fig. 216.

Stems prostrate. Leaves with membranous stipules, fleshy, semi-
cylindrical. Sandy sea-shores ; common. 2-4 in. Ann. June-Sept.
Purple. (!) E.B. 1. 958. E. B. 2. 639. II. Am. 154. Bab. 124.
Lincl. 50.

Genus 15. Cerastium.

C. vulgatum. Broad-leaved Mouse-ear. Fig. 217.

Hairy, nearly erect, viscid above. Leaves roundish-ovate, pale green.
Petals equal to the calyx, deeply cleft. Fields and road-sides ; common.
6 in. Ann. April-June. White, (!) E.B. 1.789. E.B. 2.669.
11. fy Am. 71. Bab. 54. Lind. 51.

C. viscosum. Narrow-leaved Mouse-ear. Fig. 218.

Hairy, spreading, viscid. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, dark green.
Petals rather shorter than the calyx, deeply cleft. Fields and way-
sides ; common. 6 in. Perenn. May-Sept, (!) E. B. 1. 790.
E. B. 2. 670. II. fy Am. 71. Bab. 55. Lind. 51.

C. semidecan drum. Little Mouse-ear. Fig. 219.

Hairy, viscid, nearly erect. Leaves oblong-ovate. Petals shorter
than the calyx, slightly notched. Waste places and walls ; very com¬
mon. 1-3 in. Ann. March and April. White. (!) E.B. 1.1630.
E.B. 2. 671. H.fyArn.7l. Bab. 55. Lind. 51.

C. tetrandrum. Four-cleft Mouse-ear. Fig. 220.

Calyx 4-parted. Plant hairy, somewhat viscid. Probably a variety
of the preceding. Walls near the sea. 6 in. Ann. May. White (!)
E.B. 1. 166. E. B. 2. 672. II. Am. 72. Bab. 55. Lind. 51.

23

C. arvense. Field Chickweed. Fig. 221.

Stems ascending. Leaves linear-lanceolate, generally downy. Petals
large. Dry fields and banks. 5 iu. Perenn. June and July. White.
(|.) E.B. 1. 93. E. B. 2. 673. II. Arn. 72. Bab. 56. Lind. 51.

C. alpinum. Mountain Chickweed. Fig. 222.

Leaves elliptical-ovate, often covered with silky hairs. Petals large.
Flowers in scanty panicles. Mountains. 3-5 in. Perenn. July and
Aug. Pure white, (f) E.B. 1.472. E.B. 2. 674. H.tfArn.72.
Bab. 56. Lind. 51.

C. latifolium. Broad-leaved Mountain Chickweed. Fig. 223.
Leaves elliptical-ovate. Flowers terminal, usually solitary. Petals
large. Plant covered with short rigid hairs. Mountains. 2-5 in. Perenn.
June-Sept. White, (f) E.B. 1.473. E.B. 2. 67 5. H. fy Arn. 73.
Bab. 56. Lind. 51.

C. aquaticum. Water Chickweed. Fig. 224.

Much like Stellaria nemorum. Straggling, hairy and viscid. Leaves
heart-shaped, without foot-stalks. Petals about the length of the calyx.
Styles 5. Watery places. 2 ft. Perenn. July. White, (f) E.B.
1.538. E.B. 2. 676. H. fy Arn. 68. Bab. 54. Lind. 51.

Genus 16. Cherleria.

C. sedoides. Moss Cyphel. Fig. 225.

Plant in a close tuft. Leaves rather fleshy, light green. Petals minute.
Mountain summits. 1 in. Perenn. June and July. Greenish. E.B.
1. 1212. E. B. 2. 647. H. fy Arn. 65. Bab. 51. Lind. 48.

Order XIV. LINACEiE.

Genus 1. Linum.

L. usitatisstmum. Common Flax. Fig. 226.

Leaves lanceolate. Flowers large. Sepals ovate, with 3 ribs. Fields ;
not indigenous. Cultivated for its stems, which supply the flax of
commerce, and its oily seeds (linseed). 1^ ft. Ann. Julv. Purplish
blue, (i) E.B. 1. 1357. E. B. 2. 453. H. <$• Arn. 74. Bab. 66.
Lind. 53.

L. perenne. Perennial Flax. Fig. 227.

Leaves linear. Flowers large. Sepals with 5 obscure ribs, obovate,
obtuse. Chalk and limestone hills. 2-3 ft. Perenn. June- Aug. Blue,
(i) E.B. 1. 40. E. B. 2. 454. H. Arn. 74. Bab. 66. Lind. 53.

L. angustifolium. Narrow-leaved Flax. Fig. 228.

Leaves linear-lanceolate. Calyx-leaves 3-ribbed, elliptical, pointed.
Sandy and chalky pastures. 1 ft. Perenn. July. Pale blue. (£)
E. B. 1. 381. E. B. 2.^455. H. Arn. 74. Bab. 66. Lind. 53.

L. CATHARTicim. Little Flax. Fig. 229.

Leaves opposite, obovate ; upper ones lanceolate. Dry pastures ;
common. Cathartic. 4-6 in. Ann. June-Sept. White or yellowish,
(i) E.B. 1. 382. E.B. 2. 456. II. \ Arn. 74. Bab. 66. Lind. 54.

Genus 2. Radiola.

R. millegrana. All-seed. Fig. 230.

A small plant, easily known by its many-seeded, forked branches.
Wet sandy places. 2 in. Ann. July and Aug. White. E. B. 1.893.
E. B. 2. 253. H. fy Arn. 75. Bab. 66. Lind. 54.

24

Order XV. MALVACEAE.

Genus 1. Lavatera.

L. arborea. Tree Mallow. Fig. 231.

Shrubby. Leaves downy, with 7 angles. Rocks on the sea-coast ;

rare. 3-8 ft. Bienn.? July-Oct. Rose-colour, purple in the centre,
(i.) E. BA. \84\. E. B. 2.982. II. ^ Am. 75. Bab. 58. Lind. 41.

Genus 2. Malva.

M. sylvestris. Common Mallow. Fig. 232.

Stems upright. Leaves with 7 acute lobes. Road-sides and waste

ground ; very common. 1-3 ft. Perenn. May-Aug. Rose-colour. (|)

E. B. 1. G71. E. B. 2. 978. 77. Am. 76. Bab. 57. Lind. 40.

M. rotundi folia. Round-leaved Mallow. Fig. 233.

Stems prostrate. Leaves roundish, bluntly 5-lobed. Waste ground ;
common. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn.? June-Sept. Pale rose-colour. (|)
E.B. 1. 1092. E. B. 2. 979. H. fy Am. 76. Bab. 57. Lind. 40.

M. moschata. Musk Mallow. Fig. 234.

Stem erect. Upper leaves in 5 deep, pinnatifid segments. Calyx
hairy. Fields. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Rose-colour. (£)
E. BA. 754. E. B. 2. 980. H. fy Am. 76. Bab. 57. Lind. 40.

Genus 3. Althaea.

A. officinalis. Marsh Mallow. Fig. 235.

Leaves soft and downy, slightly 3-5-lobed. Peduncles many-flowered,
shorter than the leaves. Marshes near the sea. 4-6 ft. Perenn.
July-Sept. Pale rose-colour. (£) E. B. 1. 147. E. B. 2. 981.
H. fy Am. 77 . Bab. 58. Lind. 41.

A. hirsuta. Hairy Marsh Mallow. Fig. 236.

Lower leaves roundish, obtusely lobed, serrated ; upper ones acutely
lobed, rough with hairs. Peduncles 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves.
Fields in Kent. 4-6 ft. June and July. Rose-colour. (£) E.B.Supp.
2674. E. B. 2. 981*. II. Am. 77. Bab. 58. Lind. 320.

Order XVI. TILIACEiE.

Genus 1. Tilia.

T. f.uropala. Lime. Linden-tree. Fig. 237.

A tree. Leaves glabrous, obliquely heart-shaped, twice as long as the
foot-stalks. Woods ; scarcely wild. July. Yellowish, (f) E. BA.
610. E. B.2. 763. II. fy Am. 78. Bab. 58. Lind. 54.

T. gran di folia. Larye-leaved Lime. Fig. 238.

A tree. Leaves downy beneath, longer than their foot-stalks. Flowers
3 together. Woods ; not native. July. Yellowish, (f) E. BA. 2720.
E. B. 2. 763*. II. fy Am. 78. Bab. 59. Lind. 54.

T. parvifolia. Small-leaved Lime. Fig. 239.

A tree. Leaves smooth above, glaucous beneath, about the length of
the foot-stalks. Umbels many-flowered. Woods. June and July.
Yellowish. (£) E.B. 1. 1705. E. B. 2. 764. H. Am. 59. Bab.
78. Lind. 55.

Order XVII. HYPERICACEiE.

Genus 1. Hypericum.

II. calycinum. Large-flowered Tutsan. Fig. 240.

Stem shrubby, square. Flowers very large, solitary. Bushy places ;
naturalized? 1ft. Perenn. July-Sept. Bright yellow. (£) E.B.
1. 2017. E. B. 2. 1050. II. Am. 79. Bab. 59. Lind. 41.

25

II. AndroSjEMUm. Tutsan. Fig. 241.

A shrub. Capsule berry-like, almost 1 -celled. Busby places.
2-3 ft. July and Aug. Yellow, (f) E.B. 1. 1225. E. B. 2. 1051.
II. Arn. 79. Bab. 59. Lind. 43.

II. quadrangulum. Square-stalked St. John s-wort. Fig. 242.
Stem herbaceous, square, with sharp angles. Leaves with many
pellucid dots. Sepals narrow. Bushy places ; common. 1-2 ft. Perenn.
July and Aug. Light yellow. (^) E. B. 1. 370. E. B. 2. 1052.
II. fy Am. 80. Bab. 60. Lind. 42.

II. perforatum. Common St. John s-wort. Fig. 243.

Stem 2-edged. Leaves with pellucid dots. Sepals narrow. Woods
and hedge-banks; common. 9 in.-2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug.
Bright yellow, dotted round the margin, (f) E. B. 1. 295. E. B.
2. 1053. II. fy Am. 80. Bab. 60. Lind. 42.

II, dubium. Fig. 244.

Stem slightly square. Leaves without dots. Sepals broad. Hill
woods ; not common. 9 in.-2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Deep
yellow, (f) E.B. 1.296. 17. U. 2. 1054. H.fy Am. 80. Bab.b 0.
Lind. 42.

II. humifusum. Trailing St. John! G-ioort. Fig. 245.

Stem slender, trailing close to the ground. Leaves thin, pale green,
dotted. Sandy and peaty places ; common. 1-2 in. Perenn. June-
Sept. Bright yellow; fruit red. E. B. 1. 1226. E. B. 2. 1055.
II. Am. 80. Bab. 60. Lind. 42.

II. montanum. Hill St. John' s-wort. Fig. 246.

Stems erect, smooth. Leaves stem-clasping, dotted with black on the
lower margin. Sepals with close black glandular serratures. Chalky or
gravelly hills. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July. Pale yellow. (%) E. B.
1.371. E. B. 2. 1056. H.fyArn. 81. Bab. 6 1. Lind. 42.

II. barbatum. Bearded St. John’ s-wort. Fig. 247.

Stem slightly angular. Leaves with black dots beneath. Sepals
fringed with long glandular hairs. A doubtful native. 1 ft. Perenn.
Sept. Bright yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 1986. E. B. 2. 1057. H.
Arn. 81. Bab. 61. Lind. 42.

II. linarifolium. Narrow-leaved St. John! s-wort. Fig. 248.

Stem erect. Leaves linear. Sepals with many black dots and
glandular serratures. Dry hills in Jersey and Devon. 6 in. Perenn.
July and Aug. Yellow, (f) E. B. Supp. 2851. II. fy Am. 81.
Bab. 61.

H. hirsutum. Hairy St. John' s-wort. Fig. 249.

Stem erect, round. Plant downy. Calyx with black glandular
serratures. Dry woods on chalk. 1^-2 ft. Perenn. June and July.
Golden yellow, (f) JE'. .S. 1.1 156. E. B. 2. 1058. H.fyArn. 81.
Bab. 61. Lind. 42.

II. pulchrum. Small St. John' s-wort. Fig. 250.

Stem erect, round. Leaves stem-clasping, smooth. Plant rather
glaucous with a reddish tinge. Dry woods and heaths ; common.
6 in.-l ft. Perenn. July. Deep yellow, tipped with red outside;
anthers red. (f) E.B. 1. 1227. E. B. 2. 1059. H. Arn. 81.
Bab. 61. Lind. 42.

E

t

26

II. elodes. Water St. John s-wort. Fig. 251.

Stems erect, round, creeping below. Leaves roundish-ovate, stem-
clasping. Plant shaggy with hairs. Bogs and peaty pools. 6-9 in.
Perenn. July and Aug. Pale yellow. (■$) E. B. 1. 109. E. B.
2. 10G0. II. Am. 82. Bab. 61. Lind. 42.

Genus 2. Parnassia.

P. palustris. Grass of Parnassus. Fig. 252.

Boot-leaves heart-shaped, with foot-stalks. Flowers solitary. Bogs.
3-10 in. Perenn. Aug.-Oct. White. (|) E. B. 1.82. E. B.
2. 449. II. fy Am. 51. Bab. 40. Lind. G 7.

Order XVIII. ACERACEJE.

Genus 1. Acer.

A. Pseudo-Platanus. Sycamore. Fig. 253.

A tree. Leaves 5-lobed, unequally serrated. Flowers in drooping
racemes. Wings of fruit slightly diverging. Woods and hedges;
naturalized. Wood white and soft. May. Greenish yellow. (^) E. B.

1. 303. E. B. 2. 562. H. Am. 82. Bab. 62. Lind. 55.

A. campestre. Maple. Fig. 254.

A small tree. Leaves usually with 5 obtuse notched lobes. Flowers
in erect, rather corymbose clusters. Wings of fruit diverging horizontally.
Woods and hedges. Wood very hard. May and June. Greenish. (|)
E. BA. 304. E. B. 2.563. H.fyArn. 82. Bab. 62. Lind. 55.

Order XIX. GERANIACE/E.

Genus 1. Geranium.

G. sanguineum. Crimson Crane's-bill. Fig, 255.

Leaves opposite, roundish, very deeply 5- or 7-lobed ; lobes trifid.
Stalks single- flowered. Flowers large. Limestone pastures. 9 in.
Perenn. June and July. Crimson-purple, blue when fading, (i)
E. B. 1. 272. E. B. 2. 977- II. ^ Arn. 83. Bab. 63. Lind. 58. “
G. ph/Eum. Dusky Crane's-bill. Fig. 256.-

Stalks 2-flowered. Leaves alternate, with acute serrated lobes. Woods ;
rare. 1^ ft. Perenn. June. Blackish purple, rarely white. (|)
E. B. 1.322. E. B. 2. 965. II. Am. 83. Bab. 63. Lind. 56.
G. nodosum. Knotty Crane's-bill. Fig. 257.

t ' Stems much swollen at the joints. Leaves opposite, 3-5-lobed,

pointed. Fruit downy. Hertfordshire and Cumberland; scarcely wild.
1 ft. Perenn. May-Aug. Purple. (|) E. B. 1. 1091. E. B.

2. 966. H. Arn. 83. Bab. 63. Lind. 56.

G. sylvaticum. Wood Crane' s-bill. Fig. 258.

Stalks 2-flowered. Fruit hairy, keeled. Leaves 5-7-lobed, cut and
serrated. Woods and meadows. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June and July.
Bluish purple with crimson veins. (£) E.B. 1. 121. E. B. 2. 967.
II. Arn. 83. Bab. 64. Lind. 56.

G. pratense. Meadow Crane's-bill. Fig. 259.

Leaves with 5-7 pinnatifid lobes. Flowers large ; stamens dilated at
the base. Moist pastures. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June and July. Purple-blue.
(I) E.B. 1 . 404. E. B. 2. 968. H. Arn. 84. Bab. 63. Lind. 56.
G. pyrenaicum. Pyrenean Crane' s-bill. Fig. 260.

Leaves 3-7-lobed, kidney-shaped. Petals twice as long as the calyx.
Meadows ; local. 2-3 ft. Perenn. June and July. Lilac. (^) E.B.
1. 405. E. B. 2. 969. II. Am. 84. Bab. 63. Lind. 5 7.

27

G. lucidum. Shining Crane's-bill. Fig. 261.

Stems glossy, crimson. Leaves glossy, bright green, tipped with red,
roundish, 5-lobed. Rocks and walls. Gin. Ann. June-Scpt. Rose-
colour. (f) E. B. 1. 75. E. B. 2. 970. II. Am. 84. Bab. G4.
Lind. 57.

G. Robertianum. Herb Robert. Fig. 262.

Leaves ternate, with pinnatifid leaflets, shining green. Stems straggling,
usually tinged with crimson, hairy. Hedge-banks; common. 1— l|-ft.
Ann. May-Oct. Red with white streaks. (!) E. B. 1. 1486.
E. B. 2. 971. II. Am. 85. Bab. 65. Lind. 57.

G. molle. Soft Crane' s-bill. Dove's-foot. Fig. 263.

Leaves alternate, rounded, lobed, very downy. Petals notched.
Dry pastures and waste ground ; very common. 3-6 in. Ann. April-
Aug. Pale purple. (§) E.B.l. 77 8. E. B. 2. 972. II. Am. 85.
Bab. 64. Lind. 57.

G. rotundifolium. Round-leaved Crane' s-bill. Fig. 264.

Leaves opposite, rounded, lobed, downy. Petals entire, the length of
the calyx. Pastures and waste ground. 3-6 in. Ann. June and
July. Pink, (!) E. B. 1. 157. E. B. 2. 973. II. Am. 85.
Bab. 64. Lind. 57.

G. PUSiLLUM. Small-flowered Crane' s-bill. Fig. 265.

Leaves kidney-shaped, palmated, with trifid lobes. Petals notched.
Waste ground ; very common. 3 in. Ann. May-Sept. Purple,
(f) E. B. 1. 385. E. B. 2. 974. H.tyArn. 85. Bab. 64. Lind. 57.

G. dissectum. Jagged Crane' s-bill. Fig. 266.

Leaves palmate, with linear trifid lobes. Flower-stalks shorter than
the leaves. Waste ground; common. 6 in. Ann. May and June.
Deep pink. (|) E. B. 1. 753. E. B. 2. 975. H. Am. 85.

Bab. 64. Lind. 57.

G. columbinum. Long-stallced Crane' s-bill. Fig. 267.

Leaves in 5 deeply lobed segments. Flower-stalks longer than the
leaves. Fields and waysides ; not common. 9 in. Ann. June and
July. Purplish pink. (|) E. B. 1. 259. E. B. 2. 976. H. fy
Am. 85. Bab. 64. Lind. 58.

Genus 2. Erodium.

E. cicutarium. Heron' s-bill. Fig. 268.

Stems prostrate, hairy. Leaves pinnate, with pinnatifid lobes. Stalks
many-flowered. Waste ground. 2-9 in. Ann. June-Sept. Pink,
rarely white, (f) E. B. 1. 1768. E. B. 2. 962. H. Am. 86.
Bab. 65. Lind. 58.

E. moschatum. Mvshj Heron' s-bill. Fig. 269.

Stems depressed, hairy. Leaves pinnate, with serrated lobes. Stalks
many-flowered. Plant has a musk-like scent. Hillv pastures. 2-6 in.
Ann. June and July. Pink, (f) E. B. 1. 902. E. B. 2.963.
II. Am. 86. Bab. 65. Lind. 58.

E. maritimtjm. Sea Heron' s-bill. Fig. 270.

Stems depressed, hairy. Leaves simple, oval, slightly lobed. Stalks
few-flowered. Flowers very small. Sandy shores ; not common. 3-
6 in. Perenn. May-Oct. Pale red. (!) E. B. 1. 646. E. B.
2. 964. H. S,' Am. 86. Bab. 65. Lind. 58.

e 2

28

Order XX. BALSAMINACEiE.

Genus 1. Impatiens.

I. Noli-me-tangere. Yellow Balsam. Fig. 271.

Spur loosely recurved. Watery shady places ; local. Violently diu¬
retic. 1-2 ft. Ann. July and Aug. Bright yellow with orange spots,
(i) E.B. 1 . 937. E. B. 2. 32 7- H. Am. 87. Bab. 67. Lind. 60.
I. fulva. Tawny Balsam. Fig. 272.

Spur closely recurved. Banks of the Wey, Surrey. 2-3 ft. Ann.
July. Orange, spotted with red. (|-) E. B. Snpp. 2794. E. B. 2.
327*. II. Am. 87. Bab. 67.

Order XXI. OXALIDACEJE.

Genus 1. Oxalis.

O. Acetosella. Wood Sorrel. Shamrock. Fig. 273.

Leaves springing from the root, ternate. Woods ; very common.
Leaves very acid. 4 in. Perenn. April and May. White. (£) E. B.
1. 762. E. B. 2. 661. H. fy Am. 88. Bab. 67. Lind. 59.

O. corniculata. Yellow Wood Sorrel. Fig. 274.

Stems procumbent. Stalks 2-flowered. Moist places ; rare. 2-4 in.
Ann. June-Oct. Yellow, (f) 2?. 2?. 1. 1726. E. B. 2.662. II.
fyArn.88. Bab. 68. Lind. 59.

Order XXII. STAPIIYLEACEiE.

Genus 1. Staphylea.

S. pinnata. Bladder-nut. Fig. 275.

A shrub with pinnate leaves and bladder-like fruit. A doubtful native.
5-6 ft. May and June. Greenish yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 1560.
E. B. 2. 446. H. Am. 88. Bab. 68. Lind. 75.

Order XXIII. CELASTRACEiE.

Genus 1. Euonymus.

E. europjEUS. Spindle-tree. Fig. 276.

A bush. Leaves opposite. Flowers 4-parted. Hedges; common.
May. Greenish ; capsules crimson, with orange seeds, (f) E. B. 1.
362. E. B. 2. 337. H. Am. 91. Bab. 69. Lind. 74.

Order XXIV. RHAMNACE/E.

Genus 1. Rhamnus.

R. catitarticus. Buckthorn. Fig. 277.

A bush with spiny branches. Flowers 4-cleft, in dense clusters.
Thickets. Berries purgative. May. Green ; berries black. (-J-)
E.B. 1. 1629. E. B. 2. 335. H. Am. 92. Bab. 69. Lind. 73.

R. Frangula. Alder Buckthorn. Fig. 278.

A bush. Branches not spiny. Flowers in small clusters. Thickets.
Berries purgative. May. Greenish white ; berries dark purple. (|)
E. B. 1. 250. E. B. 2. 336. II. Am. 92. Bab. 69. Lind. 62.

Order XXV. LEGUMINOSiE.

Genus 1. Ulex.

U. EUROPiEus. Furze. Gorse. Whin. Fig. 279.

An erect spiny shrub. Sepals ovate, with 2 ovate bracts. Commons
and thickets ; abundant. 3-6 ft. Dec.-May. Golden yellow. (-J-)
E. B. 1. 742. E. B. 2. 990. H. Am. 94. Bab. 72. Lind. 77.

U. nanus. Dwarf Furze. Fig. 280.

A spiny shrub, usually trailing. Sepals lanceolate, bracts minute.
Heaths; abundant. 6 in.-2 ft. Aug.-Oct. Yellow. (■§■) E.B.
1. 743. E. B. 2. 991. II. Am. 95. Bab. 72. Lind. 77.

JL Oct? 1858.

29

Genus 2. Genista.

G. tinctoria. Green-weed. Fig. 281.

A little shrub. Leaves lanceolate, smooth. Flowers in erect racemes.
Pastures and thickets. Bitter; yields a yellow dye. 1-2 ft. July and
Aug. Bright yellow. (^) E. B. 1. 44. E. B. 2. 992. U. <£•
Am. 95. Bab. 72. Lind. 77.

G. pilosa. Hairy Green-weed. Fig. 282.

Stem prostrate. Leaves lanceolate, silky beneath. Flowers axillary.
Dry heaths. 6-9 in. May and Sept. Yellow. (^) E. B. 1. 208.
E. B. 2. 993. II. Am. 96. Bab. 72. Lind. 77.

G. anglica. Needle Green-weed. Petty Whin. Fig. 283.

A low shrub. Branches spiny. Leaves ovato-lanceolate. Boggy
heaths. 1-2 ft. May-July. Bright yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 132.
E. B. 2. 994. H. fy Am. 96. Bab. 73. Lind. 77.

Genus 3. Cytisus.

C. Scoparius. Broom. Fig. 284.

A shrub with angular branches and small ternate leaves. Woods and
heaths; very common. Purgative and diuretic. 3-10 ft. May and
June. Bright yellow. (^) E. B. 1. 1339. E. B. 2. 996. H. fy
Am. 96. Bab. 73. Lind. 77.

Genus 4. Ononis.

O. spinosa. Rest-Harrow. Fig. 285.

Stem woody, spiny, nearly erect, slightly hairy. Sepals shorter than
the pod. Heaths and dry commons ; abundant. 1ft. Perenn. June-
Sept. Rose-colour or white, (f) E. B. 1. 682. E. B. 2. 995.
H. fy Am. 96. Bab. 73. Lind. 78.

O. procurrens. Trailing Rest-Harroio. Fig. 286.

Stem rather woody, trailing, not spiny. Plant hairy all over. Sepals
longer than the pod. Perhaps a variety of the last. Fields and way-
sides, especially on chalk. 6 in. Perenn. June-Sept. Rose-colour
or white, (§) E. B. Supp. 2659. H.fyArn.97. Bab. 73. Lind. 78.
O. reclinata. Small Rest-Harrow. Fig. 287.

Stem ascending, herbaceous. Plant hairy, viscid. Sepals shorter
than the pods. Coast of Galloway and Channel Islands. 4-6 in.
Ann. July. Pink, (§) E. B. Supp. 2838. II. fy Am. 97. Bab. 73.

Genus 5. Anthyllis.

A. vulneraria. Kidney-vetch. Wound-wort. Fig. 288.

Very hairy. Leaves pinnate. Flower-heads in pairs. Dry pastures.
6 in.-l ft. Perenn. June-Aug. Yellow, rarelv red or white, (q)
E. B. 1. 104. E. B. 2. 997. H. fy Am. 97. Bab. 80. Lind. 78.

Genus 6. Medicago.

M. falcata. Sickle Medic/c. Fig. 289.

Stems procumbent. Leaflets narrow-ohovate. Flowers in erect racemes.
Pods sickle-shaped. Fields. 1 ft. Perenn. June and July. Pale
yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 1016. E. B. 2. 1047. H. Am. 98. Bab. 74.
Lind. 82.

M. sativa. Lucerne. Purple Medick. Fig. 290.

Stems erect. Leaflets oblong, toothed. Pods loosely spiral. Fields;
not native. Cultivated for fodder. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June and July.
Purple, streaked with white and green. (§-) E. B. 1. 1749. E. B.
2. 1046. II. Am. 98. Bab. 74. Lind. 82.

30

M. lupulina. Black Medick. Nonsuch. Fig. 291.

Stems procumbent. Leaflets obovate. Pods kidney-shaped, rugged,
one-seeded. Flowers in close ovate spikes. Fields ; common. Cultivated
for fodder. G in.-l ft. Ann. May-Sept. Yellow, (f) E. B.

1.971. E.B. 2. 1048. II. Am. 98/ Bab. 74. Lind. 83.

M. maculata. Spotted Medick. Fig. 292.

Stems spreading. Leaflets obcordate. Pods coiled like a snail-shell,
with long curved spines. Stalks few-flowered. Fields ; common.
4-8 in. Ann. May and June. Yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 1616. E.B.

2. 1049. B. Am. 98. Bab. 7 4. Lind. 83.

M. denticulata. Reticulated Medick. Fig. 293.

Stipules toothed. Pods spiral, flat, with spines. A variety of maculata.
Sandy places. 4-8 in. Ann. April-July. Yellow. (§) E. B.

Supp. 2634. E. B. 2. 1049**. II. Am. 99. Bab. 75. Lind. 324.
M. minima. Little Medick. Fig. 294.

Hairy. Stipules nearly entire. Pods closely spiral, subglobose, spiny.
A variety of maculata. Waste places ; rare. 2-6 in. Ann. June
and July. Yellow, (f) E. B. Supp. 2635. E. B. 2. 1049*. H.
Am. 98. Bab. 74. Lind. 83.

Genus 7. Melilotus.

M. officinalis. Yellow Melilot. Fig. 295.

Stems erect. Petals nearly equal. Fields and waysides. Cultivated
for fodder. 2-3 ft. Ann. June and July. Yellow, (f) E. B.

1. 1340. E. B. 2. 1026. H. Am. 99. Bab. 75. Lin'd. 79.

M. leucantha. White Melilot. Fig. 296.

Stems erect. Vexillum longer than the keel and wings. A variety
of officinalis l Sandy fields. 2 ft. Ann. July. White. (^) E.B.
1.2689. E.B. 2.1026. H. Sr Am. 99. Bab. 75. Lind. 324.

Genus 8. Trifolium.

T. ornithopodioides. Bird' s-foot Clover. Fig. 297.

Stems spreading. Stalks 2- or 3-flowered. Pod 3-seeded, twice as
long as the calyx. Heaths. 2-4 in. Ann. July. Pink, (f)
E.B. 1. 1047. E. B. 2. 1027. II. Am. 100. Bab. 78. Lind. 82.

T. repens. White Clover. Butch Clover. Trefoil. Fig. 298.

Stems creeping. Leaflets obcordate or obovate, usually with a dark
spot at the base, bordered by a light line. Flowers in close round heads
on long stalks. Legumes covered by the calyx, 4-seeded. Pastures;
abundant. Grown for fodder. 2-9 in. Perenn. May-Sept. White.
(£) E. B. 1. 1769. E. B. 2. 1028. II. Am. 100. Bab. 78.
Lind. 79.

T. subterraneum. Subterraneous Trefoil. Fig. 299.

Heads 3- or 4-flowered, with short palmated fibres growing from the
apex of the stalk and covering the pods, which, when ripe, are often
buried in the ground. Fields. 3 in. Ann. May. White. (&)

E. B. 1. 1048. E. B. 2. 1029. H. ^ Am. 103. Bab. 77. Lind. 80.

T. ochroleucum. Sulphur-coloured Clover. Fig. 300.

Stems ascending, downy. Leaflets obcordate. Pastures. 1-1 £ ft.
Perenn. July and Aug. Cream-colour. (|) E.B. 1. 1224. E. B.

2. 1030. H. <$’ Am. 101. Bab. 76. Lind. 80.

1.0 ctr 1858

31

T. pratf.nse. 1 led Clover. Red Trefoil. Fig. 301.

Stems ascending, hairy. Leaflets elliptic, pointed. Lower tooth ot
the calyx the longest. Pastures. Cultivated for fodder. 1ft. Perenn.
May-Sept. Reddish purple. Of) E. B. 1. 1/70. E. B. 2. 1031.
H. if* Am. 101. Bab. 75. Lind. 80.

T. medium. Purple Clover. Fig. 302.

Stems branched, zigzag, hairy. Leaflets elliptic, pointed. Two lower
teeth of the calyx equal in length. Pastures. Cultivated for fodder.
1-1 1 ft. Perenn. July. Deep purple. Of) E. B. 1. 190. E. B.
2.1032. H.fyArn. 101. Bab. 70. Lind. 80.

T. maritimum. Teasle-headed Trefoil. Fig. 303.

Stems ascending. Leaflets oblong. Calyx-teeth enlarging after
flowering. Salt marshes. 6-8 in. Ann. June and July. Pale
purple, (f) E.B. 1.220. E.B. 2.1033. H.^ Am. 101. Bab. 77.
Lind. 80.

T. stellatum. Starry-headed Trefoil. Fig. 304.

Stems spreading. Leaflets obcordate. Calyx-teeth very long. Shore-
ham, Sussex. 6-8 in. Ann. JuivandAug. Rose-colour ; calyx with
a red circle at the base. (|) E. B. 1. 1545. E. B. 2. 1034. II. if*
Am. 102. Bab. 76. Lind. 80.

T. arvense. Hare's-foot Trefoil. Fig. 305.

Stems erect, branched. Head cylindrical, hairy. Calyx-teeth long,
bristly. Corolla very small. Dry fields. 6 in.- 1 ft. Ann. July and
Aug. Pale purple. Of) E.B. 1.944. E.B. 2.1035. II. $* Am. 102.
Bab. 76. Lind. 76.

T. scabrum. Rough Trefoil. Fig. 306.

Stems procumbent, hairy. Leaflets obcordate. Heads sessile, ovate.
Calyx-tube cylindrical when in fruit. Drv fields. 4-6 in. Ann. June.
Pale pink, (f) E. B. 1. 903. E. B. 2. 1036. H. ^ Am. 102.
Bab. 77. Lind. 80.

T. glomeratum. Round-headed Trefoil. Fig. 307.

Stems prostrate, smooth. Heads of flower globose, sessile. Dry
pastures. 4-6 in. Ann. July. Pale purple, (f) E. B. 1. 1063.
E. B. 2. 1037. H. #* Am. 103. Bab. 78. Lind. 81.

T. striatum. Knotted Trefoil. Fig. 308.

Downy. Stems ascending. Heads ovate, sessile. Calyx rather

swollen when in fruit, striated. Sandy fields. 3-5 in. Ann. June.
Pink, (f) E.B. 1.1843. E.B. 2. 1038. H.fyAm. 102. Bab. 70.
Lind. 82.

T. suffocatum. Sand Trefoil. Fig. 309.

Stems spreading. Heads roundish, sessile. Petals shorter than the
calyx. Sea-shore, in loose sand. 1 in. Ann. July. White or
pinkish, (f) E. B. 1. 1049. E. B. 2. 1039. II. if* Am. 103.
Bab. 78. Lind. 79.

T. fragiferum. Strawberry Trefoil. Fig. 310.

Stemscreeping. Heads globose, on long stalks. Calyx much inflated
when in fruit, with the 2 upper teeth longest. Moist pastures. 3-6 in.
Perenn. July. Pink; calyces reddish. (|-) E. B. 1. 1050. E. B.
2.1040. II. fy Am. 104. Bab. 78. Lind. 81.

32

T. resupinatum. Reversed Trefoil. Fig. 311.

Stem prostrate. Corolla with the vexillum curved downwards. Heads
globose, on foot-stalks. Sea-coast; not native. 4 in. Ann. July.
Pink. (|) E. B. Supp. 2789. E. B. 1. 1010. II. Am. 104.
Bab. 79. Lind. 324.

T. procumbens. Hop Trefoil. Fig. 312.

Stem procumbent or erect. Heads ovate, many-flowered. Vexillum
persistent. Dry fields; common. 4-8 in. Ann. June and July.
Yellow, changing to brown. (4) E. B. 1. 945. E. B. 2. 1041.
H. ^ Am. 104. Bab. 79. Lind. 81.

T. minus. Lesser Yellow Trefoil. Fig. 313.

Stems procumbent. Heads few-flowered. Dry pastures. 4-9 in.
Ann. June and July. Yellow. (4) E. B. 1. 1256. E. B. 2. 1042.
II. Am. 105. Bab. 79. Lind. 81.

T. fi li forme. Slender Trefoil. Fig. 314.

Stems procumbent. Flowers few together in lax racemes. Foot-stalks
very slender. A variety of minus. Dry pastures. 2-6 in. Ann. July.
Yellow, (f) E.B. 1. 1257. E.B. 2.1042*. ll.SfArn. 105. Bab. 79.
Lind. 81.

Genus 9. Lotus.

L. corniculatus. Bird' s-foot Trefoil. Fig. 315.

Stems recumbent, pithy. Heads depressed, few-flowered. Claw of
the vexillum dilated. Dry pastures and heaths ; common. 2-8 in.
Perenn. June-Sept. Bright yellow ; buds red. (4) E. B. 1. 2090.
E. B. 2. 1043. H. Am. 105. Bab. 79. Lind. 81.

L. tenuis. Slender Bird1 s-foot Trefoil. Fig. 316.

Stems prostrate, slender, nearly solid. Leaflets lanceolate. A variety
of corniculatus l Pastures. 4-8 in. Perenn. July. Yellow. (4)
E. B. Supp. 2615. E.B. 1. 1043*. H.fyAm. 105. Bab. 80. Lind. 82.

L. major. Great Bird? s-foot Trefoil. Fig. 317.

Stems erect, tubular. Hairy. Heads many-flowered. Claw of the
vexillum narrow. Bushy places. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June-Aug.

Yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 2091. E. B. 2. 1044. II. Am. 106.

Bab. 80. Lind. 82.

L. angustissimus. Little Bird' s-foot Trefoil. Fig. 318.

Hairy. Stems prostrate, slender. Flowers in pairs or solitary. Pods
very long and slender. Southern coast ; rare. 8 in. Ann. June.
Yellow. (4) E. B. 1. 925. E. B. 2. 1045. II. Am. 106.

Bab. 80. Lind. 82.

L. hispidus. Hairy Bird? s-foot Trefoil. Fig. 319.

Very hairy. Stems prostrate. Flowers 3 or 4 together. Probably a
variety of angustissimus. Southern coast. 4-8 in. Ann. June and
July. Yellow. (4) E. B. Supp. 2823. II. fy Am. 106. Bab. 80.

Genus 10. Oxytropis.

O. uralensis. Fig. 320.

Leaves tufted, silky. Heads few-flowered. Dry mountain pastures in
Scotland. 2-6 in. Perenn. June and July. Purple. (4) E. B.
1. 466. E. B. 2. 1024. II. fy Am. 107. Bab. 80. Lind. 79.

- E 58

33

O. CAMPESTRIS. Fig. 321.

Leaves tufted, rather silky. Ileads many-flowered. Clova Mountains,
Angus. 2-4 in. Perenn. July. Pale yellow, wings purplish. (|)
E . £. 1. 2522. E. B. 2. 1025. II. Am. 107. Bab. 81. Lind. 79.

Genus 11. Astragalus.

A. glycyphyllos. Milk-Vetch. Fig. 322.

Stem prostrate. Pods curved. Flowers in spikes. Woods and dry
fields. Leaves have a sweetish taste. 6 in.-2 ft. Perenn. July.
Dingy yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 203. E. B. 2. 1022. H. fy Am. 10 7.
Bab.\ 81. Lind. 78.

A. hypoglottis. Purple Milk-Vetch. Fig. 323.

Stem prostrate. Pods ovate. Flowers in round heads. Dry alpine
pastures. 2-6 in. Perenn. July. Purple, (f) E. B. 1. 274.
E. B. 2. 1023. H. §■ Am. 108. Bab. 81. Lind. 78.

A. alpinus. Mountain Milk-Vetch. Fig. 324.

Stem ascending. Pods elliptical, clothed with black hairs. Flowers
in scanty racemes. Clova Mountains, Angus. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn.
July. White, tinged with purple, (f) E. B. Supp. 2717- E.B.
2.1023*. H. fy Am. 108. Bab. 81. Lind. 3 23.

Genus 12. Ornithopus.

O. perpusillus. BircTs-foot. Fig. 325.

Stems spreading. Pods jointed, compressed, curved. Foot-stalks
with a bract at the apex. Dry pastures ; common. 2-6 in. Ann.
June. White streaked with red, keel green. (^) E.B. 1. 369.
E. B. 2. 1019. H. Am. 108. Bab. 86. Lind. 87.

O. ebracteatus. Joint-Vetch. Fig. 326.

Stems prostrate. Pods jointed, cylindrical, curved. Foot-stalks
without bracts. Channel Islands and Scilly. Ann. July and Aug.
2-4 in. Yellow. (§) E. B. Supp. 2844. H.fyAm. 108. Bab. 86.
Lind. 324.

Genus 13. Hippocrepis.

H. comosa. Horse-shoe Vetch. Fig. 327.

Flowers in umbels. Pods jointed ; the joints curved like a horse¬
shoe. Chalky hills. 4-6 in. Perenn. May-Aug. Yellow, (f)
E. B. 1. 31. E. B. 2. 1020. H. Am. 109. Bab. 86. Lind. 88.

Genus 14. Onobrychis.

O. sativa. Saintfoin. Fig. 328.

Stems elongated. Pods one-seeded. Plant hairy. Chalk hills.
Cultivated for fodder. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June and July. Crimson
and white, (f) E. B. 1. 96. E. B. 2. 1021. H. Am. 109.
Bab. 87. Lind. 88.

Genus 15. Vicia.

Y. sylvatica. Wood Vetch. Fig. 329.

Stems climbing. Leaflets oval. Stipules deeply toothed at the base,
"^lowers in racemes. Woods and hedges. 5-6 ft. Perenn. July.
White with blue streaks, (f) E. B. 1. 79. E. B. 2. 1008. H.
Am. 112. Bab. 82. Lind. 8 4.

V. Cracca. Tufted Vetch. Fig. 330.

Stem slender, climbing. Leaflets lanceolate. Stipules entire. Flowers
in close racemes. Hedges; very common. 3-5 ft. Perenn. July
and Aug. Purplish blue, (f) £'.£.1.1168. £'.£.2.1009. H .
Am. 112. Bab. 83. Lind. 84.

F

34

V. sativa. Vetch. Tare. Fig. 331.

Leaves elliptic-oblong. Flowers sessile, axillary, usually in pairs.
Fields ; a doubtful native. Cultivated for fodder. 1-2 ft. Ann. June.
Purple. (§) £.£. 1.334. E. B. 2. 1010. Ii.fyArn. 110. Bah. 84.
Lind. 84.

V. angustifolia. Fig. 332.

Upper leaves lanceolate, lower linear. Flowers usually solitary. A
variety of sativa. Fields. Ann. June. Deep purple. (^) E. B.
Supp. 2614. E.B. 2. 1010*. II.fyArn. 110. Bab. 8 4. Lind. 324.

V. Bobartii. Fig. 333,

Upper leaflets linear, lower obcordate. Flowers usually solitary. A
variety of sativa. Fields. Ann. June and July. Purple. (4)
E. B. Supp. 2/08. E. B. 2. 1010**. II. ^ Am. 110. Bab. 84.
Lind. 84.

V. lathyroides. Spring Vetch. Fig. 334.

Stems procumbent. Leaflets obcordate. Tendrils very short. Flowers
solitary. Fields and waysides. 4-5 in. Ann. April and May. Purple
or white. (#) £.£.1.30. £.£.2.1011. H.^ Am. 110. Bah. 84.
Lind. 84.

V. ltjtea. Yellow Vetch. Fig. 335.

Stems spreading. Leaflets elliptic-lanceolate. Flowers solitary, vex-
illum smooth. Sea-coast. 4 in.-2 ft. Perenn. June and July.
Pale yellow, tinged with purple, (f) £.£. 1.481. £. £. 2. 1012.
H. fy Am. 111. Bab. 84. Lind. 85.

V. hybrida. Hairy-flowered Vetch. Fig. 336.

Stems ascending. Leaflets obcordate or obovate. Vexillum hairy.
Glastonbury Tor, Somersetshire, and near Lincoln. 1-2 ft. Perenn.
June and July. Yellow with purple veins, (f) E.B. 1. 482. £. £.
2. 1013. H. Am. 111. Bab. 83. Lind. 85.

V. laevigata. Smooth-podded Vetch. Fig. 337.

Stems ascending. Plant smooth. Flowers solitary. Pods smooth.
Beach at Weymouth. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. July-Sept. Pale purple
or whitish, (f) E.B. 1.483. E.B. 2. 1014. H. fy Arn. 110.
Bab. 83. Lind. 85.

V. sepium. Bush Vetch. Fig. 338.

Stems climbing. Leaflets ovate. Flowers in short clusters. Pods
smooth. Thickets ; common. 1-2 ft. Perenn. May-July. Purple.
(|) £. £. 1. 1515. £. £. 2. 1015. H. Am. 110. Bab. 83.

Lind. 85.

V. bithynica. Fig. 339.

Stems climbing. Upper leaflets very long, linear-lanceolate, lower
elliptic-lanceolate. Flowers solitary, on long stalks. Bushy places ;
rare. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Purple, keel and wings
whitish, (f) £. £. 1. 1842. £. £. 2. 1046. H. £ Am. 111.
Bub. 83. Lind. 85.

Genus 16. Ervum.

E. tetraspermum. Tine-Tare. Fig. 340.

Stems very slender, climbing. Flowers mostly in pairs. Pods smooth,
4-seeded. Corn-fields and thickets. 1-2 ft. Ann. June and July.
Pale purple, (f) £. £. 1. 1223. £. £. 2. 1017. H . Am. 112.

Bab. 82. Lind. 83.

LH'crvT 1858.

35

E. hirsutum. IJ airy Tine-Tare. Fig. 341.

Stems very slender, climbing. Flowers several together. Pods
hairy, 2 -seeded. Corn-fields and thickets. 2-3 ft. Ann. June and
July. Bluish white. (|) E.B. 1.970. E. B. 2. 1018. II.fyArn. 113.
Bab. 81. Lind. 83.

Genus 17. Lathyrus.

L. Aphaca. Yellow Vetchling. Fig. 342.

Leaves usually absent. Stipules very large and leaf-like, sagittate,
glaucous. Fields ; rare. Seeds poisonous. 1-2 ft. Ann. June-
Aug. Yellow, (f) E.B. 1. 1167. E. B. 2. 1000. II. Am. 113.
Bab. 84. Lind. 86.

L. Nissolia. Crimson Vetchling. Fig. 343.

Stem erect. Leaves simple, linear-lanceolate, without tendrils.
Stipules minute. Pods very long. Woods and banks. 2 ft. Ann.
May and June. Crimson. (■§•) E. B. 1. 112. E. B. 2. 1001.

H. fy Am. 113. Bab. 85. Lind. 86.

L. hirsutus. Rough-podded Vetchling. Fig. 344.

Stems spreading, winged, hairy. Tendrils with 2 leaflets. Pods
oblong, hairy. Fields ; rare. 1-2 ft. Ann. July. Pale purple,
vexillum crimson, (f) .E”. i?. 1. 1255. E.B. 2.1002. H. Am. 1 13.
Bab. 85. Lind. 86.

L. pratensis. Meadow Vetchling, Fig. 345.

Stems angular, climbing. Tendrils with 2 leaflets. Stipules large,
arrow-shaped. Meadows and bushy places. 6in.-3ft. Perenn. July
and Aug. Yellow. (§) E.B. 1. 670. E. B. 2. 1003. H. Am. 114.
Bab. 85. Lind. 86.

L. sylvestris. Narrow-leaved Everlasting Pea. Fig. 346.

Stem winged, climbing. Leaflets 3-ribbed, linear-lanceolate. Thickets.
3-6 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Greenish and purple. (|) E. B.

I. 805. E. B. 2. 1004. H. Am. 114. Bab. 85. Lind. 85.

L. latifolius. Everlasting Pea. Fig. 347.

Stem winged, climbing. Leaflets elliptical, broad. Woods and thickets;
naturalized? 4-8 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Rose-colour. Q-) E.B.
1. 1108. E. B. 2. 1005. H. §• Am. 114. Bab. 85. Lind. 85.

L. paltjstris. Marsh Vetchling. Fig. 348.

Stem winged, climbing. Tendrils with 2-4 pairs of leaflets. Meadows
and bogey woods. 2-4 ft. Perenn. June-Sept. Purplish blue. (1)
E. B. 1.169. E. B . 2. 1006. H. Am. 114. Bab. 85. Lind. 86.

Genus 18. Pisum.

P. MARiTiMUM. Sea-side Pea. Fig. 349.

Stem angular, procumbent. Leaflets numerous, alternate. Glaucous.
Sea-coast. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Purple with crimson
veins, (i) E. B. 1. 1046. £'..2.2.1007. H.^ Am. 114. Bab. 85.
Lind. 84.

Genus 19. Orobus.

O. tuberosus. Bitter Vetch. Fig. 350.

Stem simple, erect. Stipules half-arrow-shaped, toothed at the
base. Woods and thickets; common. Tuberous roots edible. 6 in.—
lft. Perenn. May-July. Purple; blue when fading, (f) E.B.
1. 1153. E. B. 2. 998. H. Am. 115. Bab. 86. Lind. 87.

f 2

36

O. nicer. Black Bitter Vetch. Fig. 351.

Stem branched, erect. Stipules linear-lanceolate. Rocks in the
Highlands. l-l£ ft. Perenn. June and July. Crimson and purple,
(f) E. B. Supp. 2788. E. B. 2. 998*. H. Am. 115. Bab. 86.
Lind. 87.

O. sylvaticus. Wood Bitter Vetch. Fig. 352.

Stem branched, hairy, decumbent. Stipules half-arrow-shaped.

Leaves hairy, with many leaflets. Mountain woods. 1—2 ft. Perenn.
May and June. Whitish with purple streaks. ($) E. B. 1.518.
E. B. 2. 999. H. Am. 112. Bab. 82. Lind. 87.

Order XXVI. ROSACEA.

Genus 1. Prunus.

P. domestica. Wild Plum. Fig. 353.

A small tree. Branches without thorns. Peduncles solitary or in

pairs. Woods and hedges ; scarcely wild. The origin of the garden
Plums. May. White ; fruit purple or black, with bloom, (j) E. B.
1. 1783. E. B. 2. 690. H. fy Am. 117. Bab. 89. Lind. 90.

P. insititi a. Wild Bullace. Fig. 354.

A small tree. Branches terminating in a spine. Peduncles mostly
in pairs. Leaves downy beneath. Thickets and hedges. Fruit austere.
The origin of the Bullace Plum. April. White ; fruit black, with
bloom, (i) E. B. 1. 841. jE'. J5. 2. G91. H. ^ Am. 117. Bab. 89.
Lind. 90.

P. spinosa. Sloe. Blackthorn. Fig. 355.

A bush. Branches ending in a spine. Peduncles solitary. Thickets
and hedges ; very common. Leaves poisonous ; fruit very austere.
March and April. White ; fruit black, with bloom, (f) E.B.l. 842.
E. B. 2. 692. H. Am. 1 1 7. Bab. 89. Lind. 90.

P. Padtjs. Bird Cherry. Fig. 356.

A small tree. Flowers in long racemes. Woods and hedges. Fruit
bitter. May. White ; fruit black, without bloom. (§) E. B.

1. 1383. E. B. 2. 688. II. Am. 118. Bab. 90. Lind. 90.

P. Avium. Wild Cherry. Fig. 357.

A tree. Flowers in lax umbels. Sepals rather pointed. Leaves
drooping, downy beneath. Woods and hedges. The origin of the
garden Cherry. May. White ; fruit black or red, without bloom. (■£)
E.B.l. 706. E. B. 2. 689. H. Am. 118. Bab. 90. Lind. 90.
P. Cerasus. Morello Cherry. Fig. 358.

A bush. Flowers in spreading umbels. Sepals blunt and rounded.
Leaves glabrous, not drooping. Woods. Fruit acid. May. White;
fruit red. (£) E. B. Supp. 2863. H. ^ Am. 118. Bab. 90. Lind. 325.

Genus 2. Spiraea.

S. salicifolia. Willow-leaved Dropwort. Fig. 359.

A shrub. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate. Flowers in terminal racemes.
Mountain woods. 3-4 ft. July and Aug. Rose-colour, (f ) E. B.
1. 284. E. B. 2. 702. 22. Am. 119. Bab. 90. Lind. 89.

S. Filipendula. Common Dropwort. Fig. 360.

Herbaceous. Leaves interruptedly pinnated. Flowers in a cymose
panicle. Pastures on chalk or limestone. 1 ft. Perenn. July.
White or pinkish. (^) E. B, 1. 284. E.B. 2.703. II. fy Am. 119.
Bab. 90. Lind. 89.

12Tovr1858.

37

S. Ulmarta. Meadow-sweet. . Fig. 361.

Herbaceous. Leaves interruptedly pinnate, the terminal leaflet large
and lobed. Flowers in proliferous cymes. Meadows ; common. 2-
4 ft. Perenn. June and July. Yellowish white. Of) £'.11.1.960.
E. B. 2. 704. H. Am. 119. Bab. 90. Lind. 89.

Genus 3. Dryas.

D. octopetala. Mountain Avens. Fig. 362.

Stem woody, creeping. Leaves oblong, crenated, downy beneath.
Petals 8. Mountain pastures. 6 in. Perenn. June and July.
White, stamens yellow. (^) E. B. 1. 451. E. B. 2. 745. H.
Am. 119. Bab. 109. Lind. 99.

Genus 4. Geum.

G. urbanum. Common Avens. Fig. 363.

Hoot-leaves lyrato-pinnate. Flowers erect. Styles naked. Woods
and hedge-banks. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June-Aug. Yellow. (§)
E. B. 1.1400. E. B. 2.742. H.fyAm. 120. Bab. 109. Lind. 98.
G. rivale. Water Avens. Fig. 364.

Root-leaves lyrate or pinnate. Flowers drooping. Styles hairy.
Marshes and river-banks. 1 ft. Perenn. June and July. Dull
purplish red. (^) E. B. 1. 106. E. B. 2. 743. H. Am. 120.
Bab. 109. Lind. 98.

Genus 5. Rubus.

R. idajus. Raspberry. Fig. 365.

Stems biennial, woody, erect, round, downy, with straight prickles.
Leaves pinnate, of 3 or 5 leaflets, white and cottony beneath. Mountain
woods. Fruit edible. 4 ft. June. Greenish white ; fruit red. (f)
E. B. 1. 2442. E. B. 2. 719. H.fyArn. 123. Bab. 95. Lind. 92.
R. suberectus. Red-fruited Bramble. Fig. 366.

Stems biennial, woody, round, nearly erect, with few prickles. Leaves
digitate or pinnate, not white beneath. Moist thickets and commons.
Fruit edible. 3-4 ft. June-Aug. V/hite ; fruit red. (f ) E. B.

1. 2572. E. B. 2. 720. II. Am. 124. Bab. 96. Lind. 92.

R. plicatus. Fig. 367.

Stems biennial, woody, nearly erect, not rooting, somewhat angular,
with curved prickles. Leaves digitate, with 5 stalked cordato-ovate
leaflets. A variety of fruticosusl 3 ft. July and Aug. WThite or
pinkish ; fruit black. (-§-) E. B. Supp. 2714. E. B. 2. 7 20*. H. 8f
Am. 124. Bab. 96. Lind. 92.

R. carpinifolius. Fig. 368.

Stems decumbent, somewhat angular, with curved prickles. Leaves
digitate, with 5 stalked ovate pointed leaflets. Panicle compact, hairy.
A variety of fruticosus. July and Aug. Deep pink, (f) E. B.
Supp. 2664. E. B. 2. 721* ter. H. fy Am. 125. Bab. 99. Lind. 93.
R. rhamnifolius. Fig. 369.

Stems arched, somewhat angular, with straight prickles. Leaves
digitate, with 5 stalked somewhat cordate leaflets. Panicle spreading.
A variety of fmticosus. July and Aug. Pinkish, (f ) E. B. Supp.
2604. E.B. 2.721*. H. Am. 124. Bab. 98. Lind. 94.

R. frxjticosus. Bramble. Blackberry. Fig. 370.

Stems biennial, woody, arched or procumbent, often rooting, angular,
with prickles only at the angles. Leaves digitate, usually with 5 leaf¬
lets. Calyx reflexed from the fruit. Its varieties are endless. Fruit
edible. Thickets and commons ; abundant. 2-6 ft. July and Aug.
Pink or white; fruit black when ripe, (§) E. B. 1. 715. E. B.

2. 721. H. Am. 121. Bab. 96-107. Lind. 92-95.

38

R. LEUCOSTACHYS. • Fig. 371.

Stems arched, angular and furrowed, hairy. Prickles straight. Leaves
with 3 or 5 stalked, somewhat cordate, coriaceous leaflets, white beneath.
Panicle elongated and slender, hairy. A variety of fruticosus. July
and Aug. Deep pink. (|) E. B. Supp. 2631. E. B. 2. 721* bis.

H. fyArn. 126. Bab. 99. Lind. 93.

R. macrophyllus. Fig. 372.

Prickles very few and small, equal. Leaves large, with 3-5 stalked
elliptical leaflets. A variety of fruticosus. July and Aug. Greenish
white. (£) E. B. Supp. 2625. E. B. 2. 721 * quar. II. Am. 124
Bab. 101. Lind. 93.

R. Kohleri. Fig. 373.

Stems decurved. Prickles numerous, unequal. Leaves with 5 stalked
ovate or elliptical leaflets. Panicles much divided, long, rigid, naked
at the end. A variety of fruticosus. July and Aug. Pale pink. (4)
E. B. Supp. 2605. E. B. 2. 723*. H. Am. 128. Bab. 103. Lind. 93.
R. CORYLIFOLIUS. Fig. 374.

Stem decurved, roundish. Prickles unequal, scattered. Leaves with

5 ovate leaflets, the outer ones sessile. Calyx spreading or reflexed.
A variety of fruticosus or cccsiusl July and Aug. White ; fruit black,
large-grained. (4) E. B. 1. 827. E. B. 2. 723. II.fr Am. 122.
Bab. 106. Lind. 93.

R. c^Esius. Dewberry. Fig. 375.

Stems biennial, woody, trailing, angular, glaucous. Prickles straight,
unequal, passing into setae. Leaves mostly with 3 leaflets, the lateral
ones sessile. Calyx embracing the fruit. Fruit large-grained. Varieties
numerous. Heaths and banks. 1-3 ft. June and July. White or
pale pink ; fruit black, with a glaucous bloom. (-|) E. B. 1. 826.
E. B. 2. 7 22. H. Am. 122. Bab. 10 7 . Lind. 94.

R. saxatilis. Stone Bramble. Fig. 376.

Stems nearly herbaceous, creeping ; flowering branches erect. Leaves
ternate. Panicle cymose. Rocky woods. Fruit edible. 6-10 in.
June. Greenish white ; fruit red. (|) E. B. 1.2233. E. B. 2. 724.
II. fy Am. 122. Bab. 107. Lind. 95.

R. arcticus. Arctic Bramble. Fig. 377.

Stems erect, rather woody, very slender, without prickles, generally
one-flowered. Leaves ternate. Mountain moors ; very rare. Fruit
edible. 4-6 in. June. Deep rose-colour ; fruit red. (f) E. 2L

I. 1585. E. B. 2. 725. H. ^ Am. 123. Bab. 108. Lind. 95.

R. Chamaemorus. Cloud-berry. Fig. 378.

Stems simple, herbaceous, single-flowered. Leaves simple, lobed.
Flowers unisexual. Mountain moors. Fruit edible. 6-8 in. June.
White ; fruit orange, (4) E. B. 1.716. E. B. 2. 726. H. fy Am. 123.
Bab. 108. Lind. 95.

Genus 6. Fragaria.

F. vesca. Wild Strawberry. Fig. 379.

Hairs of the pedicels closely pressed. Woods ; abundant. Fruit edible.
4-9 in. Perenn. May-Aug. White ; fruit red or white, (4) E. B.
1. 1524. E. B. 2. 727. II. fy Am. 130. Bab. 95. Lind. 95.

F. ATROVIRENS. Fig. 380.

A variety of vesca, with larger fruit and more rounded leaves.
Northumberland. 4-6 in. Perenn. May-July. White; fruit white
or red. (|) E. B. Supp. 2742. E. B. 2. 727*. Lind. 96.

1 NcArr 1858.

39

F. elatior. Hautboy Strawberry. Fig. 381.

Hairs of the peduncles and pedicels all spreading, somewhat deflexed.
Woods; local. Fruit edible. G in.-l ft. Perenn. June-Sept.
White; fruit red, sweet-scented, (!) E. B. 1. 2197. E. B. 2. 728.
II. Am. 130. Bab. 95. Lind. 96.

Genus 7. Comarum.

C. palustre. Marsh Cinque-foil. Fig. 382.

Lower leaves pinnate, with deeply serrated leaflets, glaucous beneath.
Bogs and marshes. Root astringent ; yields a yellow die. 1ft. Perenn.
July and Aug. Dingy purple, (!) E. B. 1. 172. E.B. 2. 744.
II. Am. 130. Bab. 94. Lind. 97.

Genus 8. Potentilla.

P. fruticosa. Shrubby Cinque-foil. Fig. 383.

Stem shrubby. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets entire, hairy. Mountain
thickets. 3-4 ft. June and July. Bright yellow. (!) .EM?. 1.861.
E. B. 2. 730. H. Am. 131. Bab. 94. Lind. 96.

P. anserina. Goose-weed. Silver-weed. Fig. 384.

Stem creeping. Leaves interruptedly pinnate, silky. Stalks single-
flowered. Meadows and road-sides ; very common. 2-4 in. Perenn.
June and July. Bright yellow, (!) E. B. 1. 861. E. B. 2. 730.
II . £ Am. 131. Bab. 93. Lind. 96.

P. rupestris. Strawberry -flowered Cinque-foil. Fig. 385.

Stems erect, dichotomous. Leaves lyrato-pinnate ; leaflets ovate,
serrated. Rocks in Wales ; very rare. 1 ft. Perenn. June. White.
(!) E.B. 1.2058. E.B. 2. 731. H. ^ Am. 131. Bab. 93. Lind. 96.
P. argentea. Hoary Cinque-foil. Fig. 386.

Stems decumbent. Leaves quinate ; leaflets wedge-shaped, jagged,
white and downy beneath. Commons and pastures ; local. 6-8 in.
Perenn. June-Sept. Yellow. (!) E. B. 1. 89. E. B. 2. 732.
H. Am. 131. Bab. 93. Lind. 96.

P. verna. Spring Cinque-foil. Fig. 387.

Stems decumbent. Root-leaves quinate ; leaflets obovate, serrated,
hairy. Flowers 2 or 3 together. Hill-pastures. 4 in. Perenn.
April and May. Yellow. (!) E. B. 1. 37* E. B. 2. 733. H. §•
Am. 131. Bab. 93. Lind. 97.

P. alpestris. Alpine Cinque-foil. Fig. 388.

Stems ascending. Root-leaves quinate ; leaflets wedge-shaped, deeply
serrated, hairy. Mountains. 4-6 in. Perenn. June and July.
Orange-yellow, (!) E.B. 1. 561. E. B. 2. 734. H. Arn. 132.
Bab. 93. Lind. 96.

P. opaca. Saw-leaved Cinque-foil. Fig. 389.

Stems decumbent. Root-leaves with 7 wedge-shaped deeply serrated
leaflets ; stem ones ternate. Mountains ; rare. 6 in. Perenn. J une
and July. Deep yellow. (!) E.B. 1.2449. E.B. 2. 735. H .
Am. 132. Bab. 93. Lind. 97.

P. alba. White rock Cinque-foil. Fig. 390.

Stems very slender, procumbent. Root-leaves quinate ; leaflets oblong,
silky beneath. Mountains. 4-6 in. Perenn. June-Sept. White, (f)
E.B. 1. 1384. E. B. 2. 7 35. H.fyAm. 133. Bab. 94. Lind. 97.

40

P. reptans. Creeping Cinque-foil. Fig. 391*

Stems filiform, creeping, rooting at the joints. Leaves quinate, on
long petioles. Peduncles axillary, single-flowered. Meadows and road¬
sides ; very common. 4 in. Perenn. June-Sept. Yellow. (2.)

E. B. 1. 862. E. B. 2. 737. II. $ Am. 132. Bab. 93. Lind. 97.
P. tridentata. Trifid Cinque-foil. Fig. 392.

Stem erect, panicled. Leaves ternate, smooth above, hairy beneath,
3-toothed at the apex. Mountains ; very rare. 6 in. Perenn. May
and June. White, (f) E. B. 1. 2389. E. B. 2. 738. H. $•
Am. 133. Bab. 94. Lind. 97.

P. Fragariastrum. Barren Strawberry . Fig. 393.

Stems creeping. Leaves ternate, very hairy on both sides. Hedge-
banks and woods ; common. 2-4 in. Perenn. April and May.

White. (|) E.B. 1. 1/85. E. B. 2.739. H. ^ Am. 133. Bab. 94.
Lind. 97.

Genus 9. Tormentilla.

T. officinalis. Common Tormentil. Fig. 394.

Stems filiform, prostrate. Leaves ternate, sessile; leaflets deeply
serrated; stipules cut. Heaths; common. Astringent. 2-6 in.
Perenn. June and July. Yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 863. E. B. 2. 7 40.
H. Am. 132. Bab. 94. Lind. 97.

T. reptans. Trailing Tormentil. Fig. 395.

Stems prostrate. Leaves ternate or quinate, with foot-stalks. Hedge-
banks and fields. 4 in. June and July. Yellow, (f) E.B. 1.864.
E. B. 2. 741. H. Am. 133. Bab. 94. Lind. 98.

Genus 10. Sibbaldia.

S. procumbens. Fig. 396.

Leaves ternate; leaflets wedge-shaped, with 3 teeth. Glaucous.
Mountains. 4 in. Perenn. July. Yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 897.
E. B. 2. 457. U. Am. 134. Bab. 92. Lind. 98.

Genus 11. Agrimonia.

A. Eupatoria. Agrimony. Fig. 397.

Stem-leaves interruptedly pinnate. Flowers in terminal spikes. Fields
and way-sides. Astringent and tonic. 2 ft. Perenn. June and July.
Yellow, (f) E.B. 1.1335. E.B. 2.684. II. Am. 136. Bab. 91.
Lind. 99.

Genus 12. Alchemilla.

A. vulgaris. Ladij's Mantle. Fig. 398.

Leaves lobed, plaited, serrated. Dry hill-pastures. 6-10 in. Perenn.
May-Aug. Green, (§) E.B. 1.597. E.B. 2.230. H.^ Am. 134.
Bab. 92. Lind. 103.

A. alpina. Alpine Lady's Mantle. Fig. 399.

Leaves digitate, serrated, silky beneath. Mountains. 6 in. Perenn.
July. Green, (f) E.B. 1. 244. E.B. 2.231. H. fy Am. 134.
Bab. 92. Lind, i 03.

A. arvensis. Field Lady's Mantle. Fig. 400.

Leaves 3-lobed, lobes deeply cut. Flowers axillary. Fields ; common.
3-4 in. Ann. May-Aug. Green. (|) E. B. 1. 1011. E. B.
2.232. II. fy Am. 135. Bab. 92. Lind. 103.

NoYr 1.1858

o- r E- Scrwerhy. Jrecit

2j0

41

Genus 13. Sanguisorba.

S. officinalis. Burnet. Fig. 401.

Flowers in ovate spikes. Leaves pinnate. Pastures. 1-2 ft. Perenn.
June-Aug. Dark purple, (f) E. B. 1. 1312. E. B. 2. 233. H.

■ Arn. 135. Bab. 91. Lind. 103.

Genus 14. Poterium.

P. Sanguisorba. Salad Burnet. Fig. 402.

Flowers in globular heads, monoecious ; stamens very long. Leaves
pinnate. Chalky and sandy pastures ; abundant. 4 in .-2 ft. Perenn.
July. Green, stamens purple, (f-) E. B. 1. 860. E. B. 2. 1320.

H. Of Arn. 135. Bab. 91. Lind. 103.

Genus 15. Rosa.

R. cinnamomea. Cinnamon Rose. Fig. 403.

Stems with a few scattered prickles. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate,
simply serrated, downy beneath. Fruit small, nearly globular. A
doubtful native. 6 ft. May. Purplish pink ; fruit red. (%) E. B.

I. 2388. E. B. 2. 705. II. Am. 13 7. Bab. 110.

R. Dicksonii. Dickson's Rose. Fig. 404.

Stems blood-red, with a few slender prickles. Leaflets ovato-lanceo-
late, downy, with double serratures, folded together. Fruit large, ovate.
Ireland. May and June. Deep purple-pink. (^) E. B. Supp. 2707.
E. B. 2. 705*. II. Arn. 137. Bab. 110. Lind. 99.

R. rubella. Red-fruited Dwarf Rose. Fig. 405.

Branches covered with small prickles and glandular setae. Fruit
oblong, pendulous. Sandy sea-coasts. 6 in.-2 ft. June and July.
Pale pink or cream-colour ; fruit crimson. (£) E. B. 1. 2521. E. B.
2. 706. H. Am. 138. Bab. 110. Lind. 98.

R. spinosissima. Burnet Rose. Fig. 406.

Prickles crowded, very unequal. Leaflets almost round. Fruit
globose, erect. Sandy shores and heaths. 4 in.-2 ft. May and June.
Pink or cream-colour ; fruit dark purple when ripe. (^) E.B. 1.187.
E. B. 2. 707. H. £ Arn. 13 7. Bab. 110. Lind. 99.

R. hibernica. Irish Rose. Fig. 407.

Prickles scattered, unequal. Leaflets elliptical, simply serrate, hairy
beneath. Sepals pinnate. Fruit nearly globular. Ireland. 6 ft. June-
Nov. Pale pink; fruit red. (£) E. B. 1. 2196. E. B. 2. 708.
H. fy Am. 138. Bab. 110. Lind. 100.

R. Wilsonii. Wilson’s Rose. Fig. 408.

Prickles crowded, unequal, mixed with setae. Sepals simple. Fruit
ovate, with setae. Caernarvonshire. 3 ft. July. Deep pink ; fruit
orange-red. E. B. Supp. 2723. E. B. 2. 708*. H. fy Arn.

138. Bab. 111. Lind. 325.

R. involuta. Unexpanded Rose. Fig. 409.

Prickles crowded, very unequal, mixed with setae. Leaves doubly
serrate, hairy. Sepals simple. Petals rarely opening. Fruit globular,
rough with setae. Hebrides. 2 ft. June. Pale pink ; fruit dark
red. (i) E.B. 1. 2068. $. B. 2. 709. H. fy Arn. 138. Bab. 111.
Lind. 100.

R. Sabini. Sabine's Rose. Fig. 410.

Prickles nearly straight, scattered, unequal. Leaves doubly serrate,
hairy. Sepals pinnate. Fruit rough with setae, variable in form. Flowers
very large. Its varieties are numerous. Thickets. 8-10 ft. June. Pink
of various shades ; fruit dark red. (£) E. B. Supp. 2594. E. B. 2,
709*. II. Arn. 138. Bab. 111. Lind. 100.

G

42

R. Doniana. Fig. 411.

A variety of Salim. Leaves densely pubescent. Sepals nearly simple.
(*) E.B.Supp. 2601. E. B. 2. 709* bis. H.^Am. 138. Bab. 111.
Lind. 100.

R. villosa. Apple Rose. Fig. 412.

A variety of Sabini. Sepals nearly simple. Larger prickles curved.
Fruit very large, with stiff prickles. 8 ft. June. Pink; fruit dark
crimson. (£) E. B. 1. 583. E. B. 2. 709* ter. H. fy Am. 138.
Bab. 111. Lind. 100.

R. mollis. Soft-leaved Rose. Fig. 413.

Root-shoots erect. Prickles equal, straight. Leaflets ovate, downy
on both sides. Sepals nearly simple, converging. Fruit globose.
Mountain thickets ; common. 6 ft. June and July. Red or deep
pink, rarely white. (£) E. B. 1. 2459. E. B. 2. 710. II. Am. 139.
Bab. 111. Lind. 100.

R. tomentosa. Bowny Bog-Rose. Fig. 414.

Root-shoots arched. Sepals much divided, diverging. A variety of
mollis. Hedges and thickets. 6 ft. June and July. Pink; fruit
red. (i) E.B. 1. 990. E.B.2.7U. H. Am. 139. Ra6.Hl.
Lind. 100.

R. scabriusctjla. Fig. 415.

A variety of tomentosa. Leaflets nearly smooth above. Sepals mostly
simple. (£) E. B. 1. 1896. E. B. 2. 7 11*. LI. Am. 139.

Bab. 111. Lind. 100.

R. inodora. Scentless Briar. Fig. 416.

Prickles nearly equal, very much hooked. Leaflets hairy. Fruit
elliptical or nearly globular. Sepals much divided, deciduous before
the fruit is ripe. Thickets. 6 ft. June and July. Pale pink ; fruit

red. (|) E. B. 1. 2570. E. B. 2. 712. H. Am. 139. Bab. 111.

Lind. 101.

R. micrantha. Small-flowered Briar. Fig. 417.

Prickles equal, curved. Leaflets hairy. Sepals pinnate, elongated,
deciduous. Fruit oblong-ovate. 6 ft. June and July. Pale pink ;
fruit red. (|) E.B. 1.2490. E.B. 2.713. H.fyAm. 139. Bab. 112.
Lind. 101.

R. rubiginosa. Sweet Briar. Eglantine. Fig. 418.

Prickles very numerous, unequal ; the larger ones curved. Leaflets
with many brown glands beneath. Sepals elongated, persistent. Fruit
pear-shaped. Thickets. Leaves sweet-scented. 4-6 ft. June and
July. Deep pink; fruit orange-red. (£) E. B. 1. 991. E. B. 2.
714. H. ^ Am. 139. Bab. 112. Lind. 101.

R. sepium. Small-leaved Sweet Briar. Fig. 419.

Prickles numerous, unequal. Leaves small, acute at both ends. Sepals
elongated, persistent. Fruit ovate. A variety of rubiginosa. 3-4 ft.
June. Pale pink. (£) E. B. Supp. 2653. E. B. 2. 714*. H.
Am. 140. Lind. 101.

R. canina. Bog Rose. Fig. 420.

Prickles equal, hooked. Leaflets ovate, acute, simply serrated, smooth
on both sides. Fruit ovate, smooth. Sepals pinnate, deciduous. Thickets
and hedges; abundant. Its varieties are very numerous. 4-8 ft.
June. Pink; fruit deep red. (£) E. B. 1. 992. E. B. 2. 715.
H. §• Am. 140. Bab. 112, Lind. 101.

Z/O/y

43

E. SARMENTACEA. Fig. 421.

A variety of canina. Leaflets doubly serrated, glandular at the edges.
Hedges and thickets. (|) E.B. Supp. 2595. E.B. 2. 715*. II. fy-
Am. 140. Bab. 112. Lind. 102.

R. DUMETORUM. Fig. 422.

A variety of canina. Leaflets slightly hairy on both sides, simply
serrated. (|) E. B. Supp. 2610. E. B. 2. 715* bis. II. Am. 140.
Bab. 112. Lind. 102.

R. Forsteri. Fig. 423.

A variety of canina. Leaflets more or less downy beneath, simply
serrated. (|) E. B. Supp. 2611. E. B. 2. 7 15* ter. H.tyArn. 140.
Bab. 112. Lind. 102.

R. cassia. Glaucous Bog-Rose. Fig. 424.

Prickles numerous, hooked. Leaflets doubly serrated, downy and

glaucous on both sides. Sepals pinnate. Fruit oblong, smooth. Scot¬
land and North of England. 5 ft. June and July. Pale pink; fruit
red. (i) E. B. 1. 2367. E. B. 2. 716. H. Am. 140. Bab. 113.
Lind. 102.

R. systyla. Fig. 425.

Root-shoots nearly erect, arched. Prickles hooked. Styles forming
a column above the fruit. Thickets. 8-12 ft. July. Pink. (^) E.B.
1.1895. E.B. 2.717. H. 8r Am. 140. Bab. 113. Lind. 102.

R. arvensis. Trailing Bog-Rose. Fig. 426.

Root-shoots long, trailing. Prickles hooked. Leaflets smooth above,
glaucous beneath. Styles forming a column above the fruit. Hedge-
banks and heaths; common. 1—4 ft. June and July. White, on

purplish stalks. (|-) E. B. 1. 188. E. B. 2. 718. H. Am. 140.

Bab. 112. Lind. 102.

Genus 16. Mespilus.

M. germanica. Medlar. Fig. 427.

A tree. Branches thorny. Leaves lanceolate, downy. Flowers
solitary, nearly sessile. Hedges ; rare. Fruit edible. May and June.
White, (i) E.B. 1. 1523. E.B. 2.694. H.fyArn. 141. Bab. 113.
Lind. 104.

Genus 17. Crataegus.

C. Oxyacantha. Hawthorn. May. Fig. 428.

A thorny bush. Leaves deeply cleft. Flowers corymbose. Thickets
and hedges ; abundant. 4-20 ft. May. White or pink ; fruit red.
(£) E. B. 1. 2504. E. B. 2.693. H. ^ Am. 141. Bab. 113.
TAnd. 104.

Genus 18. Cotoneaster.

C. vulgaris. Fig. 429.

A shrub. Leaves oval, entire, downy beneath. Cliffs on the Caer¬
narvonshire coast. 2-4 ft. May. White ; fruit red. (£) E. B.
Supp. 2713. E.B. 2.694*. H. Am. 142. Bab. 113. Lind. 104.

Genus 19. Pyrus.

P. communis. Wild Pear. Fig. 430.

A tree. Leaves simple, ovate, serrated. Flowers corymbose. Fruit
large, turbinate. Woods and hedges. The origin of the garden Pear.
April and May. White. (£) E. B. 1. 1784. E.B. 2. 695. H. $•
Am. 142. Bab. 114. Lind. 105.

G 2

44

P. Malus. Wild Apple. Crab. Fig. 431.

A tree. Leaves simple, ovate, serrated. Flowers in a sessile umbel.
Fruit large, globose. Woods and thickets. Fruit very acid. The
origin of the garden Apple. May. Rose-colour and white. ( % ) E. B.
1. 179. E. B. 2. 696. H. ^ Am. 142. Bab. 114. Lind. 105.

P. torminalis. Wild Service-tree. Fig. 432.

A tree. Leaves ovate or cordate, 7-lobed, serrated. Flowers in a
corymbose cyme. Fruit small, round or ovate. Hedges and woods.
Fruit edible. May. White; fruit greenish brown. (£) E. B. 1.298.
E. B. 2. 697. H. Am. 142. Bab. 114. Lind. 105.

P. domestica. Service-tree. Fig. 433.

A tree. Leaves pinnate, downy beneath. Flowers in panicles. Fruit
pear-shaped. Woods ; rare. Fruit edible. May. White ; fruit
green or pink. (-y) E. B. 1. 350. E. B. 2. 698. H. fy Am. 142.
Bab. 114. Lind. 105.

P. aucuparia. Mountain Ash. Rowan-tree. Fig. 434.

A tree. Leaves pinnate. Flowers in corymbs. Fruit globose.
Mountain woods. May. White ; fruit bright red. (|) E.B. 1. 337.
E. B. 2. 699. H. Arn. 143. Bab. 114. Lind. 106.

P. pinnatifida. Fig. 435.

A tree. Leaves deeply pinnatifid, downy beneath. Flowers in
corymbs. Fruit globose. Western Islands. May. White ; fruit
scarlet. (|) E.B. 1. 2331. E.B. 2. 700. H. ^ Am. 143. Lind. 105.
P. Aria. White Beam-tree. Fig. 436.

A tree. Leaves ovate, cut, serrated, very hoary beneath. Flowers
in flat corymbs. Rocky woods. May. White ; fruit red. (£) E.B. 1.
1858. E. B. 2. 701. H. fy Arn. 143. Lind. 105.

Order XXVII. ONAGRACEiE.

Genus 1. Epilobium.

E. angustifolitjm. French Willow-herb. Rose-Bay. Fig. 437.
Leaves scattered, linear-lanceolate, smooth. Petals unequal. Stamens
bent down. Moist shady places. 3-6 ft. Perenn. July and Aug.
Deep pink. (y) E. B. 1. 1947. E. B. 2. 542. H. fy Am. 144.
Bab. 1 16. Lind. 108.

E. hirsutum. Great Hairy Willow-herb. Fig. 438.

Leaves ovato-lanceolate, stem-clasping. Plant hairy. Petals equal.
Stigma 4-cleft. Flowers large. Wet places ; common. 4-5 ft. July.
Pink, (£) E. B. 1. 838. E.B. 2.543. H. Arn. 144. Bab. 117.
Lind. 108.

E. parviflorum. Small -flowered Willow-herb. Fig. 439.

Leaves sessile, lanceolate, downy on both sides. Stigma 4-cldft.
Flowers small. Wet places; common. 1-1£ ft* Perenn. July.
Pale pink, (§) E.B. 1. 795. E.B. 2. 544. H. Arn. 144.
Bab. 117. Lind. 108.

E. montanum. Broad-leaved Willow-herb. Fig. 440.

Leaves ovate, with short petioles. Plant usually tinged with crimson.
Stigma 4-cleft. Dry places and walls ; common. 3 in.-l ft. Perenn.
July. Rose-colour. (2) E.B 1.1177. E.B. 2. 545. H. Arn. 144.
Bab. 117. Lind. 108.

1 Dec* 18 58.

45

E. roseum. Smooth-leaved Willow-herb. Fig. 441

Leaves ovato-lanceolate, with petioles. Stem slightly angular. Stigma
entire. A common weed. 1-ly ft. Perenn. July. Pale rose-colour.
(|) E.B. 1. 693. E. B. 2. 546. H. Am. 145. Bab. 118. Lind. 108.
E. tetragonum. Square-stalked Willow-herb. Fig. 442.

Leaves sessile, lanceolate. Stem 4-angled. Stigma entire. Wet
places ; common. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July. Pale pink. (f) E. B.
1. 1948. E. B. 2. 547. H.fyArn. 145. Bab. 118. Lind. 108.

E. palustre. Marsh Willow-herb. Fig. 443.

Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate. Stem round. Stigma entire. Marshes
and bogs. 1 ft. Perenn. July. Pale pink, (f) E. B. 1. 346.
E. B. 2. 548. H. fy Am. 145. Bab. 118. Lind. 108.

E. alsini folium. Chickweed Willow-herb. Fig. 444.

Leaves nearly sessile, ovate. Stem decumbent. Stigma entire. By
mountain streams. 6in.-lft. Perenn. July. Pink, (f) E.B. 1.
2000. E. B. 2. 549. H. Am. 145. Bab. 119. Lind. 108.

E. alpinum. Alpine Willow-herb. Fig. 445.

Leaves nearly sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse. Stem decumbent.
Stigma entire. By mountain streams. 2-4 in. Perenn. July. Pink.
(|) E.B. 1. 2001. E.B. 2.550. H.fyArn. 146. Bab. 118. Lind. 108.

Genus 2. (Enothera.

CE. biennis. Evening Primrose. Fig. 446.

Stem rough. Flowers sessile, in a terminal spike. Waste ground and
sandy coasts. 3-4 ft. Bienn. July-Oct. Yellow. (4) E.B. 1.
1534. E. B. 2. 541. H. fy Am. 146. Bab. 119. Lind. 109.

Genus 3. Isnardia.

I. palustris. Fig. 447.

Stem procumbent, rooting. Flowers axillary, apetalous. Bogs.
2-4 in. Ann. May-Aug. Green. (f) E. B. Supp. 2593. E. B. 2.
233*. H. fyArn. 146. Bab. 119. Lind. 109.

Genus 4. Ciroea.

C. lutetiana. Enchanter's Nightshade. Fig. 448.

Stem erect. Leaves ovate, downy. Shady woods, common. l-§- ft.
Perenn. June and July. Pale pink, (f) E. B. 1. 1056. E. B. 2. 7.
H. fy Am. 14 7. Bab. 119. Lind. 110.

C. alpina. Alpine Enchanter’ s Nightshade. Fig. 449.

Stem ascending. Leaves heart-shaped. Shady places on mountains.
4-8 in. Perenn. July and Aug. Pale pink, (f) E.B. 1. 1057.
E. B. 2. 7*. H. Am. 147. Bab. 119. Lind. 110.

Order XXVIII. H ALORA GACEiE.

Genus 1. Hippuris.

H. vulgaris. Mare’s-tail. Fig. 450.

Leaves linear, in whorls. Flowers axillary, sessile. Pools and ditches.
4 in.-l ft. Perenn. May and June. Anther reddish, (f) E. B .
1. 763. E. B. 2. 3. H. Am. 148. Bab. 120. Lind. 110.

46

Genus 2. Myriophyllum.

M. spicatum. Water-Milfoil. Fig. 451.

Spikes leafless. Leaves submersed, 4 in a whorl ; with long linear
lobes. Ditches and pools. Perenn. July and Aug. Reddish, (f)
E. B. 1. 83. E. B. 2. 1316. H. Am. 120. Bab. 148. Lind. 110.

M. VERTICILLATUM. Fig. 452.

Spike leafy. Flowers in axillary whorls. Leaves submersed, 5 in a

whorl. Ponds and ditches; local. Perenn. July. Greenish, (f)
E.B. 1. 218. E. B. 2. 1317. H. ^ Am. 148. Bab. 120. Lind. 110.
M. ALTERNIFLORUM. Fig. 453.

Fertile flowers in the axils of the upper leaves ; sterile ones alternate,
in spikes. Ponds ; local. Perenn. July. Reddish, (f) E.B.Supp.
2854. H. Am. 149. Bab. 120. Lind. 110.

Order XXIX. LYTHRACEiE.

Genus 1. Lythrum.

L. Salicaria. Purple Loosestrife. Fig. 454.

Leaves opposite, lanceolate. Flowers in leafy spikes. Stamens 1 2.
Wet places ; common. 3-4 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Purple, (f)
E.B. 1.1061. E. B. 2. 682. U. ^ Am. 149. Bab. 115. Lind. 72.

L. hyssopifolium. Hyssop-leaved Loosestrife. Fig. 455.

Leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate. Flowers axillary. Stamens 6.

Ditches and wet places ; rare. 6 in. Ann. Aug. Purple, (f)
E. B. 1. 292. E. B. 2. 683. H. fy Am. 149. Bab. 115. Lind. 72.
Genus 2. Peplis.

P. Portula. Water Purslane. Fig. 456.

Leaves opposite, obovate. Flowers axillary, solitary. Watery places.
2 in. Ann. July and Aug. Reddish. (§) E. B. 1. 1211. E.B.
2. 465. H. Am. 149. Bab. 115. Lind. 72.

Order XXX. TAMARICACEiE.

Genus 1. Tamarix.

T. gallica. Tamarisk. Fig. 457.

A slender shrub. Flowers in lateral spikes. Cliffs on the southern
coast. 4-8 ft, July. Pale pink, (f) E.B. 1.1318. E.B.2.W7.

H. fyArn. 150. Bab. 116. Lind. 62.

Order XXXI. CUCURBITACE^E.

Genus 1. Bryonia.

B. dioica. Bryony. Fig. 458.

Stems climbing. Leaves palmate, rough. Dioecious. Hedges;

common. Acrid. Perenn. May. Green ; berries red. (f) E. B.

I. 439. E.B. 2.1312. H. ^ Am. 151. Bab. 121. Lind. 329.

Order XXXII. PORTULACEJE.

Genus 1. Montia.

M. fontana. Water Blinks. Fig. 459.

Stem creeping, rooting. Leaves opposite. Watery places ; common.

I in. Ann. April and May. Reddish, (f) E. B. 1. 1206. E.B.
2. 191. H. Am. 151. Bab. 121. Lind. 63.

Order XXXIII. ILLECEBRACEiE.

Genus 1. Corrigiola.

C. littoralis. Strapwort. Fig. 400.

Stems prostrate. Leaves Unear-oblong. Flowers in corymbs. Sandy

wastes ; rare. 1-2 in. Ann. July and Aug. White, (§) E. B.
1. 668. E. B. 2. 448. II. Am. 152. Bab. 123. Lind. 60.

UUA

47

Genus 2. Herniaria.

H. glabra. Rupture-wort. Fig. 461.

Stems prostrate. Flowers in leafy spikes. Leaves glabrous. Sandy
places. 2-4 in. Perenn. July and Aug. Green, (f) 2?. £. 1. 206.
E. B. 2. 348. H. fy Arn. 153. Bab. 123. Lind. 61.

H. hirsuta. Fig. 462.

Flowers in axillary clusters. Leaves liairy. A variety of glabra l
Sandy places ; rare. 2-4 in. Perenn. July and Aug. Green. (£)
E.B.l. 1379. E. B. 2. 348*. H. Arn. 153. Bab. 123. Lind. 61.

H. ciliata. Fig. 463.

Flowers in axillary clusters on the lateral branches. Leaves ciliated.

A variety of glabra. Cornwall and Guernsey. 2-4 in. Perenn.
July. Green, (f) E. B. Supp.28b7. H. Arn. 153. Bab. 123.
Lind. 322.

Genus 3. Illecebrum.

I. verticillatum. Whorled Knot-grass. Fig. 464.

Stems procumbent. Leaves opposite, with membranous stipules.

Flowers in whorls. Bogs in Cornwall and Devon. 4 in. Perenn.
July. Pinkish, (f) E.B. 1. 895. E. B. 2. 345. H. Arn. 154.
Bab. 123. Lind. 61.

Genus 4. Polycarpon.

P. tetraphyllum. Four-leaved All-seed. Fig. 465.

Leaves usually in fours. Flowers in panicles, with 3 stamens. Southern
coasts. 4 in. Ann. May-Sept. Greenish. (§) E. B. 1. 1031.
E.B. 2.193. H.fyArn. 154. Bab. 124. Lind.6 1.

Order XXXIV. CRASSULACE^E.

Genus 1. Till^ea.

T. muscosa. Fig. 466.

Leaves succulent. Flowers axillary, usually 3-cleft. Sandy wastes.
2 in. Ann. May and June. Reddish. (|) E.B. 1.116. E.B. 2.254.
H.fyArn. 156. Bab. 125. Lind. 63.

Genus 2. Cotyledon.

C. Umbilicus. Fenny-wort. Fig. 467.

Root tuberous. Leaves peltate, depressed in the centre. Flowers
pendulous. Moist rocks and walls. 4 in.-l ft. June-Aug. Greenish,
(f) E.B. 1.325. E.B. 2. 648. H. Arn. 156. Bab. 128. Lind. 64.

C. lutea. Great Fenny-wort. Fig. 468.

Root creeping. Lower leaves only peltate. Flowers erect. Not
native. 1-1^ ft. Perenn. July. Bright yellow, (f) E.B. 1. 1522.
E. B. 2. 649. H. fy Arn. 156. Bab. 128. Lind. 64.

Genus 3. Sempervivum.

S. tectorum. Houseleek. Fig. 469.

Leaves broad, succulent, in close tufts. Offsets spreading. Walls
and roofs ; scarcelv wild. 6-8 in. Perenn. July. Pink, (f)
E.B. 1. 1320. E'.B. 2. 687. H. Arn. 156. Bab. 127- Lind. 65.

Genus 4. Rhodiola.

R. rosea. Rose-root. Fig. 470.

Flowers 4-cleft. Dioecious. Leaves ovate, glaucous, serrated. Moun¬
tain rocks. 6-8 in. Perenn. Yellow, (f) E.B. 1.508. E.B. 2.1395.
H. Arn. 157. Bab. 126. Lind. 64.

48

Genus 5. Sedum.

S. Telephium. Orpine. Fig. 471.

Stems erect. Leaves ovate, flat, serrated. Hedge-banks and waste
places. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July. Purple, (f) i?. B. 1. 1319. E.B.
2. 650. H. fy Arn. 157. Bab. 126. Lind. 64.

S. dasyphyllum. Thiclt-leaved Stonecrop. Fig. 472.

Stems flaccid. Leaves ovate, very fleshy, glaucous. Flowers in
scanty panicles. Rocks. 1-3 in. Perenn. July. Pink or white. (| )
E. B. 1. 656. E. B. 2. 651. H. Arn. 157. Bab. 126. Lind. 64.

S. anglicum. Mountain Stonecrop. Fig. 473.

Leaves close, alternate, ovate, fleshy, spurred at the base. Flowers
in 2-branched cymes. Mountain and sea-side rocks ; common. 1-2 in.
Perenn. July. White or pinkish, (■§) E.B. 1.171. E.B. 2.652.
II. fy Arn. 157. Bab. 12 7. Lind. 64.

S. album. White Stonecrop. Fig. 474.

Leaves scattered, cylindrical, fleshy. Flowers in many-branched
panicles. Rocks and walls. 2-4 in. Perenn. July. White ; anthers
red. (|) E.B. 1. 1578. E.B. 2.656. H.fy Arn. 158. Bab. 126.
Lind. 65.

S. villosum. Hairy Stonecrop. Fig. 475.

Stem erect. Leaves alternate, slightly hairy and viscid. Flowers
corymbose. Moist rocks. Perenn. June and July. White, (f)
E. B. 1. 394. E. B. 2. 655. H. Arn. 158. Bab. 126. Lind. 65.

S. acre. Stonecrop. Wall-Pepper. Fig. 476.

Leaves close, alternate, fleshy, somewhat ovate, spurred at the base,
bright green. Flowers in trifid cymes. Walls and rocks ; common.
Acrid. 1-2 in. Perenn. June. Bright yellow, (f) E.B. 1.839.
E.B. 2.653. H. Arn. 158. Bab. 127. Lind. 64.

S. sexangulare. Tasteless Stonecrop. Fig. 477.

Leaves in 6 rows, nearly cylindrical, fleshy. Cyme 3-branched. Old
walls and sandy places ; not common. 1-3 in. Perenn. July. Yellow,
(f) E. B. 1. 1946. E.B. 2.654. H. Arn. 158. Bab. 127. Lind. 64.

S. reflexum. Crooked Stonecrop. Fig. 478.

Stems straggling. Leaves awl-shaped, spurred at the base, scattered ;
the lower ones recurved. Sepals ovate. Walls and roofs. 6 in.-l ft.
Perenn. July. Yellow, (f) E.B. 1.695. E.B. 2. 657. H.
Arn. 158. Bab. 127. Lind. 65.

S. glaucum. Glaucous Stonecrop. Fig. 479.

Leaves awl-shaped, scattered, glaucous. Sepals lanceolate. Walls
and dry places. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Yellow. (£)
E. B. 1. 24 77. E. B. 2. 658. II. Arn. 158. Bab. 12 7. Lind. 65.

S. rupestre. Rock Stonecrop. Fig. 480.

Leaves awl-shaped, erect, spurred at the base ; those of the branches
in 5 close rows. Sepals elliptical. Rocks; rare. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn.
Yellow. (§) E.B. 1. 170. E. B. 2. 659. H. Arn. 158. Bab. 12 7.
Lind. 65.

49

S. Forsterianum. Welsh Stonecrop. Fig. 481.

Leaves semicylindrical, spurred at the base, in many rows, clustered.
Sepals short and rounded. Rocks. 6in.-lft. Perenn. July. Yellow.
(£) E. B. 1. 1802. E. B. 2. 660. H. Arn. 159. Bab. 12 7.
Lind. 65.

Order XXXV. GROSSULARIACE^E.

Genus 1. Ribes.

R. rubrum. Red Currant. Fig. 482.

A shrub. Branches without thorns. Clusters of flowers pendulous,
smooth. Woods in the North. Fruit edible. 2-4 ft. May. Green ;
fruit red. (f) E. B. 1. 1289. E. B. 2. 338. U. Am. 159.
Bab. 128. Lind. 106.

R. petRjEUM. Rock Currant. Fig. 483.

A shrub. Not thorny. Clusters slightly hairy; erect in flower,
pendulous in fruit. Bracts shorter than the flower-stalk. Northern
woods. 4 ft. May. Yellowish; fruit red. (f) E. B. 1.705.
E. B. 2. 339. H. Arn. 159. Bab. 128. Lind. 106.

R. spicatum. Acid Mountain Currant. Fig. 484.

A shrub. Not thorny. Clusters erect. Bracts shorter than the
flowers. Yorkshire mountains. 4 ft. May. Green ; fruit red. (2)
E. B. 1. 1290. E. B. 2. 340. H. Arn. 159. Bab. 129. Lind. 106.

R. alpinum. Tasteless Mountain Currant. Fig. 485.

A shrub. Not thorny. Dioecious. Clusters upright. Bracts longer
than the flowers. Leaves deeply lobed. Mountain woods. 4 ft. May.
Green; fruit red. (f) E.B. 1.704. E. B. 2. 341. II. fy Arn. 160.
Bab. 128. Lind. 107.

R. nigrum. Black Currant. Fig. 486.

A shrub. Not thorny. Clusters hairy, pendulous ; few-flowered, with
a solitary flower at the base. Leaves glandulous at the back. River¬
sides and swampy thickets. 4-6 ft. May. Greenish ; fruit black, (f)
E. B. 1. 1291. E. B. 2. 342. E. fy Arn. 160. Bab. 128. Lind. 107.
R. Grossularia. Gooseberry. Fig. 487.

A shrub. Branches with thorns beneath each leaf. Stalks short,
few-flowered. Fruit hairy. Hedges and thickets. Fruit edible. 4 ft.
April and May. Greenish; fruit green, (f) E.B. 1.1292. E.B.
2.343. H. if Arn. 160. Bab. 128. Lind. 10 7.

R. Uva-crispa. Smooth Gooseberry. Fig. 488.

Fruit smooth, and yellowish when ripe. A mere variety of Grossularia.

E.B.l. 2057. E.B. 2.343*. H.SfArn. 160. Bab. 128. Lind. 107.

Order XXXVI. SAXIERAGACEiE.

Genus 1. Saxifraga.

S. Geum. Kidney-leaved Saxifrage. Fig. 489.

Leaves roundish, kidney-shaped, acutely crenate, rather hairy, with

long petioles. Varieties numerous. South of Ireland. 6-9 in. Perenn.
June. Cream-colour, (f) E. B. 1. 1561. E.B. 2.594. U. $*
Arn. 161. Bab. 130. Lind. 70.

S. hirsuta. Hairy Saxifrage. Fig. 490.

Leaves ovate, acutely serrated, hairy on both sides ; with long petioles.
South of Ireland. 6 in.— 1 ft. Perenn. June. White spotted with red.
(§) E.B. 1.2322. E.B. 2.595. II. ^ Arn. 161. Bab. 129. Lind. 71

H

50

S. umbrosa. London Pride. None-so-pretty. Fig. 491.

Leaves obovate, smooth, crenated ; petioles short and dilated. Moun¬
tains. 0-10 in. Perenu. June. White spotted with red and yellow,
(f) E. B. 1.003. E. B. 2. 590. II. <£• Am. 161. Bub. 129. Lind. 71.

S. stellaris. Starry Saxifrage. Fig. 492.

Leaves oblong, wedge-shaped, serrated, sessile, in a star-like tuft.
Panicle few-flowered. Mountains. 2-0 in. Perenn. June— Aug.
White, yellow at the base. (§) E. B. 1. 167. E. B. 2. 597.
II. SfArn. 162. Bab. 130. Lind. 71.

S. nivalis. Alpine Saxifrage. Fig. 493.

Leaves roundish-obovate, crenated, with short dilated petioles. Calyx
spreading, half-inferior. Mountain summits. 2-6 in. Perenn. July
and Aug. White. Of) E.B. 1.440. E. B. 2.598. H. Am. 1 62.
Bab. 132. Lind. 68.

S. Hirculus. Yellow Marsh Saxifrage. Fig. 494.

Stems erect, leafy. Stem-leaves lanceolate, entire, alternate. Calyx
inferior. Bogs. 6-9 in. Perenn. Aug. Bright yellow, with red
dots, (f) E.B.l. 1009. E.B. 2.599. H.fyArn. 162. Bab. 130.
Lind. 67.

S. atzoides. Yelloio Mountain Saxifrage. Fig. 495.

Stem branched, decumbent. Leaves linear-lanceolate, toothed. Calyx
half-inferior. Boggy places on mountains. 5-8 in. Perenn. June-
Wov. Yellow with red dots, (f) E.B. 1. 39. E. B. 2. 600. H.
Am. 163. Bab. 130. Lindr. 67.

S. oppositi folia. Purple Saxifrage. Fig. 496.

Leaves opposite, ovate, hairy at the edges. Flowers solitary at the
ends of the branches. Mountain summits. 1-4 in. Perenn. March
and April. Purple, (f) E.B. 1. 9. E. B. 2. 601. H.fyArn. 162.
Bab. 133. Lind. 69.

S. grantjlata. Meadow Saxifrage. Fig. 497.

Leaves kidney-shaped, lobed ; lower ones on long petioles. Root
tuberous. Meadows ; common. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. May and June.
White, (f) E. B. 1. 500. E. B. 2. 602. H.SpArn. 163. Bab. 132.
Lind. 68.

S. cernua. Drooping Saxifrage. Fig. 498.

Leaves kidney-shaped, palmately lobed, with petioles ; upper ones with
bulbs in the axils. Mountain rocks. 3-5 in. Perenn. June-Aug.
White, (f) E.B. 1.664. E.B. 2.603. H.^ Am. 163. Bab. 132.
Lind. 68.

S. rivularis. Alpine Brook Saxifrage. Fig. 499.

Lower leaves lobed, with long petioles ; upper ones lanceolate, entire.
Moist rocks. 2-4 in. Perenn. July-Sept. White, (£) E.B. 1.2275.
E. B. 2. 604. II. Am. 163. Bab. 132. Lind. 68.

S. tri dactylites. Rue-leaved Saxifrage. Fig. 500.

Leaves wedge-shaped, 3-5-cleft, alternate. Walls and dry places ;
common. 1-6 in. Ann. May and June. White, (f) E.B. 1.501.
E.B. 2.501. H. Am. 163. Bab. 132.

l.Jan^ 1859

51

S. muscoides. Moss Saxifrage. Fig. 501.

Root-leaves tufted, linear or trifid, glutinous. Corvmbs few-flowered.
Calyx superior. Highland mountains. 2-3 in. Perenn. May and
June. Yellowish, (4) E. B. 1. 2314. i?. if. 2. 606. II. Am. 164.
Lind. 68.

S. CjEspitosa. Palmate Saxifrage. Fig. 502.

Root-leaves tufted, palmate, 3-5-cleft, hairy. Calyx half-inferior,
hairy. Mountains. 2-4 in. Perenn. May and June. Yellowish-
white. (4) E. B. 1. 455. E.B. 2.607. H. ^ Am. 164. Bab. 130.
Lind. 69.

S. hirta. Hairy Saxifrage. Fig. 503.

Root-leaves tufted, 3-5-cleft, very hairy. Shoots ascending. Sepals
acute. Petals obovate. Mountains. 6-8 in. Perenn. June and
July. White. (4) E.B. 1. 2291. E.B. 2.608. H. ^ Am. 164.
Bab. 131. Lind. 69.

S. platypetala. Broad-floxcered Saxifrage. Fig. 504.

Leaves 3- or 5-cleft ; segments linear, hairy. Shoots procumbent.
Sepals ovate. Petals broad and rounded. 4-8 in. Perenn. May-
July. White. (4) E.B. 1. 2276. E. B. 2. 609. H. ^ Am. 164.
Bab. 131. Lind. 69.

S. hypnoides. Ladies' Cushion. Fig. 505.

Root-leaves 3-5-cleft ; those of the shoots linear. Shoots long,
procumbent. Varieties numerous. Mountains ; common. 3-5 in.
Perenn. May-July. White. (4) E. B. 1. 454. E. B. 2. 610.

H. §■ Am. 164. Bab. 131. Lind. 69.

S. elongella. Long-stalked Saxifrage. Fig. 506.

Leaves 3- or 5-cleft. Shoots short and erect. Flower-stalks very
long, leafless. A variety of hypnoides 1 Moist rocks; rare. 4-6 in.
Perenn. May. White. (4) E.B. 1.22/7. E.B. 2. 611. H. <$■
Am. 164. Bab. 131. Lind. 70.

S. pedatifida. Geranium-leaved Saxifrage. Fig. 507.

Leaves with very long petioles, 3-cleft, the lateral segments 2- or 3-
lobed. Flowers in a cymose panicle. 6-10 in. Perenn. May. White. (4)
E. B. 1. 2278. E.B. 2. 612. H. Am. 165. Bab. 131. Lind. 70.

Genus 2. Chrysosplexium.

C. alternifolium. Golden Saxifrage. Fig. 508.

A somewhat succulent creeping plant. Leaves alternate. Moist
places ; not common. 1-4 in. Perenn. March and April. Yellow.
(4) E.B.l. 54. E.B. 2.593. H. §• Am. 165. Bab. 133. Lind. 66.
C. oppositi folium. Opposite-leaved Golden Saxifrage. Fig. 509.
Stem creeping, succulent. Leaves opposite, light-yellowish green.
Moist places. 1-6 in. Perenn. Mav-July. Yellow. (4) E. B.

I. 490. E. B. 2. 592. H. £ Am. 165. Bab. 133. Lind. 67.

Order XXXVII. UMBELLIFERiE.

Genus 1. Hydrocotyle.

H. vulgaris. Marsh Penny-wort. Fig. 510.

Leaves peltate, orbicular. Umbels with about 5 nearly sessile flowers.
Moist places ; common. 2-4 in. Perenn. May and June. Pinkish. (4)
E.B.l. 751. E. B. 2. 379. H. i \ Am. 169. Bab. 139. Lind. 128.

u 2

52

Genus 2. Sanicula.

S. europjEA. Wood Sanicle. Fig. 511.

Root-leaves simple, deeply lobed, dark green. Flowers sessile. Woods ;

common. 1 ft. Perenn. May and June. White. (£) E. B 1. 9S.
E. B. 2. 380. H. Am. 169. Bab. 139. Lind. 12 7.

Genus 3. Eryngium.

E. maritimum. Sea Holly. Erynyo. Fig. 512.

Root-leaves roundish, spiny. Plant very glaucous. Sandy coasts.
6 in.-2 ft. Perenn. July. Blue. (£) E.B. 1.718. E. B. 2. 381.
H. Am. 169. Bab. 139. Lind. 127.

E. campestre. Field Eryngo. Fig. 513.

Root-leaves 2- or 3-pinnatifid, spiny. Waste ground ; rare. 2 ft.
Perenn. July and Aug. Purplish. (£) E.B. 1. 57. E. B. 2. 382.
H. Am. 140. Lind. 12 7.

Genus 4. Cicuta.

C. v/rosa. Water Hemlock. Fig. 514.

Leaves biternate, with linear-lanceolate leaflets. Umbels opposite the
leaves. Ditches. Very poisonous. 3-4 ft. Perenn. Aug. White. (^)
E.B. 1.479. E.B. 2.383. H. ^ Am. 170. Bab. 140. Lind. 123.

Genus 5. Apium.

A. graveolens. Smallaye. Wild Celery. Fig. 515.

Leaves pinnate or ternate ; the lower ones on long petioles with
roundish leaflets; upper leaflets wedge-shaped. Stem furrowed.
Marshes. Rather acrid. 3-4 ft. Bienn. June-Aug. White. (^)
E.B. 1.1210. E.B. 2.384. H. Am. 170. Bab. 140. Lind. 123.

Genus 6. Petroselinum.

P. sativum. Parsley. Fig. 516.

Stem striated. Leaves tripinnate, shining ; the lower ones with
roundish leaflets. Old walls ; scarcely wild. 1-3 ft. Bienn. June
and July. Pale yellow. (|) E. B. Supp. 2793. E. B. 2. 384*.

H. fyArn. 171. Bab. 140.

P. segetum. Corn Parsley. Fig. 517.

Leaves pinnate, with roundish serrated leaflets. Umbels scanty,
drooping. Chalky fields. 1 ^ ft. Bienn. Aug. Pink. (£) E.B.

I. 228. E.B. 2.385. H. Am. 171. Bab. 140. Lind. 123.

Genus 7. Trinia.

T. glaberrima. Honewort. Fig. 518.

Leaves tripinnate, with linear leaflets, pale glaucous green. Flowers

dioecious. Limestone rocks. 1-2 ft. Perenn. May and June.
White, (i) E.B. 1. 1209. E.B. 2.386. H. ^ Am. 171. Bab. 140.
Lind. 124.

Genus 8. Helosciadium.

H. nodiflorum. Marsh-wort. Fig. 519.

Stem procumbent. Leaflets ovate, serrated. Umbels sessile, opposite the
leaves. Ditches ; common. 6-8 in. Perenn. July and Aug. White. (£)
E.B. 1. 639. E.B. 2. 387. H.fyArn.\72. Bab. 141. Lind. 122.
H. repens. Creeping Marsh-wort. Fig. 520.

Stem creeping. Leaflets roundish, deeply toothed. Umbels stalked.
Watery places. 4-6 in. Perenn. July and Aug. White. (£)
E. B. 1 . 1431 . E. B. 2. 388. II. Am. 1*72. Bab. 141. Lind. 122.

1. Jan3’ 1859

1 E. Sowerby. Eccit

Eg

53

II. inundatum. Water Marsh-Wort. Fig. 521.

Stem creeping. Lower leaves in hair-like segments. Umbels of 2
rays. In shallow water. 2-4 in. Perenn. Julv. White. (|)
E. B. 1.227. E.B. 2.389. II. Am. 172. Bab.' 141. Lind. 122.

Genus 9. Sison.

S. amomum. Hedge Stone-wort. Fig. 522.

Leaves pinnate ; upper ones ternate. Umbels generally of 4 or 5
rays. Hedge-banks. Has a strong pungent odour. 2-3 ft. Bienn. Aug.
White, (i) E. BA. 954. E.B. 2.390. H.$Arn.\72. Bab. 141.
Lind. 122.

Genus 10. ^Egopodium.

iE. Podagraria. Gout Weed. Herb Gerarde. Fig. 523.

Root-leaves 2-ternate ; upper ones ternate ; leaflets ovate, pointed.
Waste places and gardens. 2 ft. Perenn. May and June. White.
( ) E.B A. 9 AO. E.B. 2.391. II.8fArnA72. 'Bab A 41. Lind. 123.

Genus 11. Carum.

C. Carui. Caraway. Fig. 524.

Stem branched. Leaves doubly pinnate ; segments linear. Pastures ;
naturalized. Seeds aromatic. 1-2 ft. Bienn. June. White. (£)
E. B. 1. 1503. E. B. 2. 392. H.fyArnA73. Bab. 141. Lind. 122.

C. verticillatum. Whorled Caraway. Fig. 525.

Leaflets with linear segments in whorls. Salt marshes ; rare. 1-
1^ ft. Perenn. July. Pinkish. (£) .S'. 2?. 1. 395. E.B. 2.393.
H.fy-Arn.173. Bab. 173. Lind. 122.

Genus 12. Bunium.

B. bulbocastanum. Large Earth-nut. Fig. 526.

Lower leaves bipinnate on long foot-stalks. Fruit oblong, with re¬
flexed styles. Involucrum of many leaves. Chalky pastures. Tuberous
root edible. '1-2 ft. Perenn. June. White. (^) E.B. Supp. 2802.
Bab. 142.

B. flexuosum. Earth-nut. Fig. 527.

Lower leaves triternate, on long foot-stalks. Fruit oval with erect
styles. Involucrum of few leaves or absent. Fields ; common. Tubers
edible. l-l£ ft. Perenn. June. White. (£) E. B. 1. 988.

E. B. 2. 394. H. Am. 1 74. Bab. 142. Lind. 121.

Genus 13. Pimpinella.

P. Saxifraga. Burnet- Saxifrage. Fig. 528.

Leaves pinnate ; lower ones with roundish leaflets ; upper with linear
segments. Dry fields ; common. 1 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. White.
(|) E. B. 1.407. E.B. 2.395. H.fyArn. 174. Bab. 142. Lind. 121.
P. magna. Great Burnet- Saxifrage. Fig. 529.

Leaves pinnate; leaflets all ovate, serrated, sometimes 3-lobed. Woods.
2-3 ft. Perenn. Aug. and Sept. White. (|) E. B. 1. 408.

E. B. 2. 396. H. Am. 174. Bab. 142. Lind. 121.

Genus 14. Sium.

S. latifolium. Water Parsnip. Fig. 530.

Leaves pinnate ; leaflets equally serrated. Umbels terminal. Ditches
and river-sides. Poisonous. 4-5 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. White. (£)
E. B. 1. 204. E. B. 2. 397. H.fyArn. 174. Bab. 142. Lind. 12 7.

54

S. angusti folium. Narrow-leaved Water-Parsnip. Fig. 531.
Leaves pinnate ; leaflets unequally lobed and serrated. Umbels op¬
posite the leaves. Ditches. Poisonous. 8 in.-l ft. Perenn. July
and Aug. White. (£) E.B. 1.139. E.B. 2.398. H.fyArn. 1/5.
Bab. 142. Lind. 121.

Genus 15. Bupleurum.

B. Odontitis. Narrow-leaved Hare's-ear. Fig. 532.

Leaves lanceolate. Involucrum of 3 or 4 leaves. Rocks in Devon
and Channel Islands. 2-9 in. Ann. July. Yellow. (£) E. B.

I. 2468. E.B. 2. 399. H.fyArn. 1/5. Bab. 143. Lind. 120.

B. rotundi folium. Hare's-ear. Fig. 533.

Leaves oval, perfoliate, glaucous. Involucrum wanting; involucels
of 4 or 5 broad pointed leaves. Cornfields. 18 in. Ann. June and
July. Yellow. (|) E.B. 1.99. E.B. 2.400. H. ^ Am. 175.
Bub. 143. Lind. 120.

B. tenuissimum. Slender Hare's-ear. Fig. 534.

Leaves linear. Umbels simple, alternate. Muddy sea-shores. 2-
4 in. Ann. Aug. and Sept. Yellow. (|-) E. B. 1. 478. E. B.
2.401. H. fy Am. 1 75. Bab. 143. Lind. 120.

B. falcatum. Long-leaved Hare's-ear. Fig. 535.

Lower leaves obovate, with very long stalks ; upper linear-lanceolate.
Near Ongar, Essex. 1-4 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Yellow, (i)
E. B. Sujip. 2763. E. B. 2. 401*. H. Am. 1 75. Bab. 143. Lind. 326.

Genus 16. CEnanthe.

CE. fistulosa. Water-Dropwort. Fig. 536.

Stem-leaves pinnate, tubular. Root throwing out runners. Styles
very long when in fruit. Ditches. Poisonous. 2-3 ft. Perenn.
July and Aug. Pinkish, (A) E.B. 1.363. E.B. 2.402. H. $■
Am. 176. Bab. 143. Lind. 119.

(E. pimpinelloides. Parsley Water-Dropwort. Fig. 537.

Root-leaflets wedge-shaped, cleft ; stem ones linear, very long. In¬
volucrum of several leaves. Salt marshes. Roots edible. 2-3 ft.
Perenn. July. White, (-j) E. B. 1. 347. E. B. 2. 403. H. fy
Am. 1 76. Bab. 143. Lind. 119.

GS. peucedanifolia. Sulphur-weed Dropwort. Fig. 538.

Leaflets all linear. Primary involucrum wanting. Marshes. Roots
unwholesome. 1|— 2 ft. Perenn. June. Pink. (^-) E.B. 1.348.
E. B. 2. 404. H. Am. 1 77. Bab. 144. Lind. 120.

GS. crocata. Hemlock Dropwort. Fig. 539.

Leaflets all wedge-shaped, many-cleft. Fruit linear-oblong with
slender ridges. River-sides. Much like Celery before flowering.
Very poisonous. 3-5 ft. Perenn. July. White. (^) E.B. 1.2313.
E. B. 2. 405. H. Am. 1 77. Bab. 144. Lind. 120.

G2. Phellandrium. Fine-leaved Water Dropwort. Fig. 540.
Leaflets with many narrow wedge-shaped segments. Subaqueous
leaves hair-like. Fruit ovate, with broad ridges. Ditches. 2-3 ft.
Perenn. June and July. Pinkish. (-£) E.B. 1. 684. E. B. 2.406.

II. Am. 177. Bab. 144. Lind. 120.

1. Ja.n? 1859.

55

Genus 17. jEthusa.

AE. Cynapium. Fool’s Parsley. Fig. 541.

Leaflets all wedge-shaped, with lanceolate segments, dark glossy green.
Leaves of involucels long, pointing downwards. A common weed.
Poisonous. 6 in.-2 ft. Ann. July and Aug. White. (!) E. Ii.
1. 1192. E. B. 2. 407. H. Am. 178. Bab. 145. Lind. 119.

Genus 18. Fceniculum.

F. vulgare. Fennel. Fig. 543.

Leaves biternate with nearly filiform leaflets. Chalky fields and way-
sides. A culinary herb. 3-6 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Yellow. (4)
E. B. 1. 1208. E. B. 2. 408. H. Sf Am. 178. Bab. 145. Lind. 119.
Genus 19. Seseli.

S. Libanotis. Mountain Stone-Parsley. Fig. 543.

Stem furrowed. Leaves 2-pinnate, cut. Involucrum many-leaved.
Chalky hills. 1|— 2 ft. Perenn. Aug. Y/hite. (!) E. B. 1. 138.
E. B. 2. 409. H. Am. 179. Bab. 145. Lind. 119.

Genus 20. Ligusticum.

L. scottcum. Scottish Lovage. Fig. 544.

Leaves biternate ; leaflets broad, serrated. Involucrum of about 6 nar¬
row leaves. Northern sea-cliffs. Eaten in Scotland. 2 ft. July. White.
(!) E.B.\.\207. E.B. 2.410. H.fyArn.\79. Bab. 145. Lind. 118.

Genus 21. Silaus.

S. pratensis. Pepper Saxifrage. Fig. 545.

Leaflets deeply pinuatifid ; segments linear-lanceolate, dark green.
Involucrum 1 or 2-leaved. Moist meadows. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June-
Aug. Yellow, (i) E.B. 1.2142. E.B. 2.418. H.fyArn. 179.
Bab. 146. Lind. 118.

Genus 22. Meum.

M. Athamanticum. Spignel. Fig. 546.

Leaflets all in numerous bristle-like segments. Umbels with involu¬
crum. Mountain pastures, l^ft. Perenn. June and July. Pale yellow.
(!) E. B. 1.2249. E. B. 2.412. H.fyArn. 180. Bab. 146. Lind. 118.

Genus 23. Crithmum.

C. maritimum. Samphire. Fig. 547.

Plant succulent. Leaves lanceolate, fleshy. Rocky sea-shores. An
aromatic esculent. 6 in.-l! ft. Perenn. Aug. W'hite. (!) E. B.
1. 819. E. B. 2. 413. H. Am. 180. Bab. 146. Lind" 146.
Genus 24. Angelica.

A. Archangelica. Garden Angelica. Fig. 548.

Terminal leaflet 3-lobed. Umbels globular, without involucrum.
Plant bright green. Not indigenous. Aromatic. 4-6 ft. Bienn.
June-Sept. Bright green. (!) E. B. 1. 2561. E.B. 2. 414. H. fy
Am. 180. Bab. 146. Lind. 11 7.

A. sylvestris. Wild Angelica. Fig. 549.

Leaflets equal, sometimes lobed at the base. Stems usually reddish.
Watery places; common. 2-4 ft. Perenn. July. Pinkish. (!)
E.B. 1. 1128. E.B. 2. Alb. H. Am. 180. Bab. 146. Lind. 117.

Genus 25. Peucedanum.

P. officinale. Sea Hog’s Fennel. Fig. 550.

Leaflets linear, filiform. Leaves of the involucrum few, deciduous.
Salt marshes ; rare. Plant foetid. 3 ft. Perenn. July-Sept. Yellow.
(!) E. B. 1. 1767. E.B. 2. Alb. H. fy Am. 181. Bab. 147. Lind. 11 7.

56

P. pa lustre. Milk Parsley. Hoy's Fennel. Fig. 551.

Leaves tripinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid, with lanceolate segments.
Marshes. Has a foetid milky juice. 4-5 ft. Perenn. July. White.
(|) E.B. 1.229. E.B. 2. 417. H.^ Am. 181. Bab. 147. Lind. 1 16.
P. Ostruthium. Master-wort. Fig. 552.

Leaves biternate ; leaflets broad, ovate. Involucrum wanting. Moist
pastures ; a doubtful native. 2 ft. Perenn. May-July. White. (-^)
E.B. 1. 1380. E. B. 2. 418. H. Am. 181. Bab. 147. Lind. 1 16.

Genus 26. Pastinaca.

P. sativa. Wild Parsnip. Fig. 553.

Leaves simply pinnate, serrated, downy beneath. Fields and road¬
sides. Variety cultivated for its edible root. 3-4 ft. Bienn. July.
Yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 556. E. B. 2. 419. H. ^ Am. 182. Bab. 14 7.
Lind. 116.

Genus 27. Heracleum.

H. Sphondylium. Cow-Parsnip. Fig. 554.

Leaves pinnate, leaflets pinnatifid, cut and serrated. Petals unequal.
Fields ; common. 4-5 ft. Bienn. July. White. (|-) E.B. 1.939.
E. B. 2. 420. H. Am. 182. Bab. 14 7. Lind. 116.

Genus 28. Tordylium.

T. officinale. Small Hart-wort. Fig. 555.

Leaflets ovate, cut, crenated. Involucels about as long as the flowers.
Radiant petals in pairs, unequal. A doubtful native. 1 ft. Ann.
June and July. White. ($) E. B. 1. 2440. • E. B. 2. 421. H.
Am. 182. Bab. 147. Lind. 115.

T. maximum. Great Hart-wort. Fig. 556.

Leaflets lanceolate, serrated and notched. Involucels shorter than
the umbels. A doubtful native. 2 ft. Ann. June and July. Pink, (i)
E.B. 1. 1 173. E.B. 2.422. H.fyAm. 182. Bab. 147. Lind. 115.

Genus 29. Daucus.

D. Carota. Wild Carrot. Bird's-nest. Fig. 557.

Leaflets pinnatifid, with linear-lanceolate acute segments. Umbels
concave when in fruit. Bristles of the fruit slender. Fields ; common
on the chalk. Variety cultivated for its edible root. 1-3 ft. Bienn.
July. White, (i) E.B. 1. 1174. E.B. 2.423. H. Am. 187.
Bab. 148. Lind. 113.

D. maritima. Sea-side Carrot. Fig. 558.

Leaves pinnatifid, fleshy, with rounded segments. Umbels convex in
fruit. Bristles of fruit flattened. Southern coast. 1-2 ft. Bienn.

July and Aug. White. (£) E. B. 1. 2560. E. B. 2. 424. U.

Am. 187. Bab. 148. Lind. 113.

Genus 30. Caucalis.

C. daucoides. Small Bur-Parsley. Fig. 559.

Primary umbels of about 3 rays, without involucrum. Leaves 2- or
3-pinnate, segments pinnatifid. Corn-fields; local. 1£ ft. Ann.
June. Pink. (}) E. B. 1. 197. E. B. 2. 425. H. Am. 188.

Bab. 148. Lind.“ 114.

C. latifolia. Great Bur-Parsley. Fig. 560.

Primary umbels of about 3 rays, with a membranous involucrum.
Leaves pinnate, with deeply serrated leaflets. Corn-fields. 3 ft. Ann.
July. Pink, (i) E. B. 1. 198. E. B. 2. 426. II. £ Am. 188.

Bab. 148. Lind. 114.

UanJ 1859

57

Genus 31. Tortlis.

T. Antiiriscus. Upright Hedge-Parsley . Fig. 561.

Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets cut and serrated. Involucrum manv-leaved.
A common weed. 2-3 ft. Ann. July. Pink. (§•) E. B. 1. 987.
E. B. 2. 427. II. Am. 188. Bab. 148. Lind. 1 14.

T. infesta. Spreading Hedge-Parsley. Fig. 562.

Leaves pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid, cut and serrated. Primary invo¬
lucrum wanting, or of only one leaf. A common weed. 1 ft. Ann.
July. White or pink, (f) E. B. 1. 1314. E. B. 2. 428. II. §•
Am. 188. Bab. 149. Lind. 114.

T. nodosa. Knotted Hedge-Parsley. Fig. 563.

Stem prostrate. Umbels lateral, simple, nearly sessile. Fields and
banks ; common. 6 in.- 1 ft. Ann. May-July. Pink, (f) E.B.
1.199. E.B. 2.429. H. fy Am. 189. Bab. 149. Lind. 114.

Genus 32. Scandix.

S. Pecten-Veneris. Venus's Comb. Shepherd' s Needle. Fig. 564.
Fruit nearly smooth, with a very long beak. Leaflets in linear seg¬
ments. A common weed. 0 in.-l ft. Ann. June-Aug. White,
(f) E. B. 1. 1397. E. B. 2. 430. H.fyArn. 185. Bab. 149. Lind. 125.

Genus 33. Anthriscus.

A. sylvestris. Chervil. Cow-Parsley. Fig. 565.

Umbels terminal, stalked. Stem hairy below. Leaves tripinnate ;
leaflets pinnatifid. Hedge-banks ; very common. 3-4 ft. Perenn.
April and May. White, (f) E.B. 1. 752. E. B. 2. 431. H. $•
Am. 185. Bab. 149. Lind. 124.

A. Cerefolium. Garden Chervil. Fig. 566.

Umbels sessile, lateral. Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid, pale
green. Waste ground. 1|— 2 ft. Ann. June. White, (f) E.B.
1.1268. E.B. 2.432. H. Am. 185. Bab. U9. Lind. 124.

A. vulgaris. Common Chervil. Fig. 567.

Umbels stalked, lateral. Leaves tripinnate ; segments pinnatifid.
Stem nearly smooth. Banks and road-sides. 6 in.-3 ft. Ann. May.
White, (§) E. B. 1.818. E.B. 2.433. H. ^ Am. 185, Bab. 149.
Lind. 124.

Genus 34. Cilerophyllum.

C. tkmclentum. Rough Chervil. Fig. 568.

Stem spotted with purple, rough with hairs. Umbels drooping.
Iledge-banks ; common. Poisonous? 1-| — 3 ft. Bienn. July. White.
(|) E. B. 1. 1521. E. B. 2. 434. H. Am. 186. Bab. 150.
Lind. 125.

C. aureum. Yellow-seeded Chervil. Fig. 569.

Stem angular, hairy. Leaves tripinnate ; leaflets sharply pinnatifid,
pointed. Fields ; not common. 3 ft. Perenn. June. White ; seeds
yellow, (f) E.B. 1. 2103. E. B. 2. 435. //. Am. 186. Bab. 150.
Lind. 125.

C. aromaticum. Broad-leaved Chervil. Fig. 570.

Leaflets undivided, ovate, serrated. Near Guthrie, Forfar. 2-3 ft.
Perenn. June. White, (-f) E. B. Supp. 2636. E. B. 2. 435*.
H.$Arn. 186. Bab. 150. Lind. 125.

58

Genus 35. Myrrhis.

M. odorata. Sioeet Cicely. Fig. 571.

Leaves tripinnate ; leaflets cut and pinnatifid. Fruit with sharp
elevated ribs. North of England. Aromatic. 2 ft. Perenn. May
and June. White, (f) E. B. 1. G97. E. B. 2. 43G. Jl.^Arn. 187.
1 lab. 150. Lind. 125.

Genus 36. EciiiNomoRA.

E. spinosa. Prickly Samphire. Fig. 572.

Leaves bipinnatifid, with spinous segments. Involucrnm spinous.
Sandy coasts ; rare. 1 ft. Perenn. July. White. (i|) E. B. 1. 2413.
E. B.2. 437. H.fyAm. 189. Bab. 150. Lind. 126.

Genus 37. Conium.

C. maculatum. Hemlock. Fig. 573.

Stem polished, spotted with purple. Leaves dark glossy green, tri-
pinnate. Fruit with waved ridges. Hedge-banks. Very poisonous.
2—4 ft. Bienn. June and July. White. (£) E. B. 1. 1191. E.B.
2.438. II. Am. 183. 5«i/l50. Lind. 126.

Genus 38. Piiysosfermum.

P. cornuriense. Cornish Bladder-seed. Fig. 574.

Root-leaves 2- or 3-ternate, cut; stem ones ternate, entire. Fields
in Cornwall. lj--2ft. Perenn. July. White. (£) E.B. 1.683.
E. B. 2. 439. H. Am. 184. Bab. 151. Lind. 120.

Genus 39. Smyrnium.

S. Olusatrum. Alexanders. Fig. 575.

Stem-leaves ternate, serrated ; bright yellow-green. Sea-side and

waste ground. 3-4 ft. Bienn. May and June. Yellow. (^)
E. B. 1.230. E. B. 2. 440. II. Am. 184. Bab. 151. Lind. 120.
Genus 40. Coriandrum.

C. sativum. Coriander. Fig. 576.

Seed globular. Lower leaflets wedge-shaped. Fields and waste
places. Seeds aromatic. 2 ft. Ann. June. White. (^) E.BA.G7.
E. B. 2. 44 1 . II. Am. 1 83. Bab. 151. Lind. 1 1 5.

Order XXXVIII. ARALIACE^E.

Genus 1. Adoxa.

A. moschatellina. Moschatel. Fig. 577.

Root-leaves ternate, deeply lobed, few in number. Flowers in a small
terminal head. Woods and hedge-banks. Has a musky scent. 8 in.
Perenn. April. Pale yellow. ($) E. B. 1. 453. E. B. 2. 5 77.
II. fy- Am. 190. Bab. 152. Lind. 07.

Genus 2. Hedera.

H. Helix. Ivy. Fig. 578.

Leaves ovate or cordate with angular lobe9. Stems climbing by
rooting fibres. Perenn. Oct. Pale green ; berries black when ripe, (f)
E.B. 1. 1207. E. B. 2. 344. H. $ Am. 190. Bab. 152. Lind. 133.

Order XXXIX. CORNACE^E.

Genus 1. Cornus.

C. sanguinea. Cornel-tree. Dogwood. Fig. 579.

A shrub. Leaves opposite, ovate. Flowers in cymes. Hedges ;

common. 4-0 ft. June. White ; berries black. (■;) E.B. 1.249.
E. B. 2. 22 7. II. Am. 191. Bab. 152. Lind. 133.

C. suecica. Dwarf Cornel . Fig. 580.

Herbaceous, creeping. Flowers in terminal umbels. Alpine pastures.
6 in. Perenn. June and Julv. Purple. (§) E. B. 1. 310.
E. B. 2. 228. II. $• Am. 191. Bab. 152. Lind. 133.

59

Order XL. LORANTHACE^E.

Genus 1. Viscum.

V. album. Mistletoe. Fig. 581.

A parasitic shrub. Stems forked. Leaves opposite. Dioecious.
On apple and other trees. March-May. Yellowish ; berries white,
(f) E. B. 1. 1470. E.B.2. 1386. H.fyArn. 191. Bab. 153. Lind. 133.

Order XLI. CAPRIEOLIACE^E.

Genus ] . Sambucus.

S. Ebulus. Dwarf Elder. Dane-wort. Fig. 582.

Leaflets lanceolate. Stem herbaceous. Cymes with 3 branches.
Waste ground. Violently purgative. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July. Pink;
berries black, (f) E. B. 1. 4 75. E. B. 2. 444. H. Am. 192.
Bab. 154. Lind. 132.

S. nigra. Common Elder. Fig. 583.

A large shrub. Leaflets ovate. Cymes with 5 principal branches.
Hedges; common. Bark and leaves cathartic. 8-15 ft. June.
White ; berries black, (§) E. B. 1.4 76. E. B. 2. 445. H.tyArn. 192.
Bab. 154. Lind. 132.

Genus 2. Viburnum.

V. Lantana. Meal-tree. Fig. 584.

A shrub. Leaves heart-shaped, serrated, downy beneath. Hedges
and thickets. 6-12 ft. June. White; berries purple when ripe,
(f) E.B. 1.331. E.B. 2.442. H.fyArn. 193. Bab. 154. Lind. 132.
V. Opulus. Guelder Rose. Fig. 585.

A large shrub. Leaves 3-lobed, serrated. Outer flowers barren, with
one large 5-lobed petal. Woods. 10-15 ft. June. White; berries
red. (f) E.B. 1.332. E.B. 2. 443. H. fy Am. 1 93. Bab. 154.
Lind. 132.

Genus 3. Lonicera.

L. Caprifolium. Perfoliate Honeysuckle. Fig. 586.

A climbing shrub. Upper leaves united round the stem. Woods;
rare. May and June. White or purple. (■§■) E.B. 1.799. E.B. 2.324.
II. fy Am. 193. Bab. 154. Lind. 131.

L. Periclymenum. Honeysuckle. Woodbine. Fig. 587.

A climbing shrub. Leaves separate. Flowers in terminal heads.
Woods; common. June and July. Pale yellow, red outside, ff)
E. B. 1. 800. E. B. 2. 325. H.fyArn. 193. Bab. 154. Lind. 131.

L. Xylosteum. Upright Honeysuckle. Fig. 588.

A shrub. Flower-stalks 2- flowered. Thickets in Sussex. June.
Pale yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 916. E.B. 2.326. H. Am. 193.
Bab. 155. Lind. 132.

Genus 4. Linn^ea.

L. borealis. Fig. 589.

A small creeping shrub. Leaves opposite. Flowers in pairs, drooping.
Northern Pine-woods. 6—8 in. Perenn. May and June White or
pale rose-colour, (f) E.B. 1.433. E.B. 2.884. II. Am. 194.
Bab. 155. Lind. 132.

Order XLII. RUBIACE^E.

Genus 1. Rubia.

R. PEREGRIN A. Wild Madder. Fig. 590.

Leaves 4 in a whorl, oval, with prickles on the margin, evergreen.
Shady thickets. 8 in. Perenn. July. White, (f) E. B. 1.851.
E. B. 2. 218. II. Am. 195. Bab. 159. Lind. 131.

i 2

60

Genus 2. Galium.

G. cruciatum. Cross-wort. Fig. 59L

Leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate, hairy. Bunches of flowers lateral, with
2 leaves. Hedges and thickets. 1ft. Perenn. June. Yellow, (f)
E.B. 1. 143. E. B. 2. 203. II. Am. 195. Bab. 156. Lind. 128.

G. verum. Yellow Bed-straw. Fig. 592.

Leaves 8 in a whorl, linear, channelled, rough. Flowers in close
panicles. Dry fields ; common. 6 in.-2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug.
Yellow, (f) E.B. 1. 660. E. B. 2. 204. II. Am. 195. Bab. 158.
Lind. 130.

G. palustre. White Water Bed-straw. Fig. 593.

Leaves chiefly 4 in a whorl, obovate. Stems weak and spreading.
Ditches. 1-4 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. White, (f) E. B. 1. 1857.
E. B. 2. 205. II. Am. 196. Bab. 159. Lind. 128.

G. Witheringii. Rough Heath Bed-straw. Fig. 594.

Leaves 5 in a whorl, lanceolate, fringed with bristles. Stem upright,
hairy. Boggy heaths. 1 ft. Perenn. July. Pale yellow, (f)
E.B. 1.2206. E.B. 2. 206. H.tyArn. 196. Bab. 159. Lind. 128.

G. saxatile. Smooth Heath Bed-straw. Fig. 595.

Leaves 6 in a whorl, obovate. Stem prostrate, much branched.
Heaths ; common. 2-6 in. Perenn. June-Sept. White, (f) E. B.
1. 815. E. B. 2. 207. H.fyArn. 195. Bab. 158. Lind. 128.

G. uliginosum. Rough Marsh Bed-straw. Fig. 596.

Leaves 6 in a whorl, lanceolate, rigid, their edges rough with reflexed
prickles. Wet places. 1 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. White. (■§■)
E.B. 1. 1972. E.B. 2.208. H.fyArn. 196. Bab. 159. Lind. 129.

G. erectum. Upright Bed-straw. Fig. 597.

Leaves 8 in a whorl, lanceolate, veiny, bristle-pointed with marginal
prickles pointing forward. Hedges. 1 ft. Perenn. June. White,
(f) E.B. 1.2067. E.B. 2.209. H.fyArn. 196. Bab. 157. Lind. 129.

G. cinereum. Grey Bed-straw. Fig. 598.

Leaves 6 or 8 in a whorl, linear, with marginal prickles. A variety
of erectum. Scotland; rare. 1 ft. Perenn. July. White, (-|)
E. B. Supp. 2783. E. B. 2. 209*. H. Am. 196. Bab. 157. Lind. 129.

G. aristatum. Bearded Bed-straw. Fig. 599.

Leaves 6 in a whorl, stalked, lanceolate, with minute marginal prickles.
A variety of erectum. Angus-shire. 1 ft. Perenn. July. White.
(4) E. B. Supp. 2784. E.B. 2.209**. II. ^ Am. 196 Bab. 157.
Lind. 129.

G. saccharatum. Rough-fruited Bed-straw. Fig. 609.

Leaves 6 in a whorl, lanceolate, with prickles pointing forward.
Flower-stalks axillary, 3-flowered. Corn-fields ; rare. 1 ft. Ann.
June-Aug. White, (f) E. B. 1. 2173. E. B. 2.210. H. $*
Arn. 197. Bab. 156. Lind. 129.

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G. tricorne. Corn Bed-straw. Fig. 601.

Leaves about 8 in a whorl. Stem and leaves rough with reflexed
prickles. Flower-stalks axillary, 3-flowered. Fruit rough, drooping.
Dry fields. 1 ft. Ann. July. White. (^) E. B. 1. 1641. £. £.
2.211. H. Am. 198. Bab.\56. Lind'. 129.

G. spurium. Smooth-fruited Corn Bed-straw. Fig. 602.

Leaves about 8 in a whorl. Flower-stalks axillary, many-flowered.
Fruit smooth, erect. Forfar. 1-2 ft. Ann. June and July. White.
(|) E. B. 1. 1871. E. B. 2. 212. H. Am. 198. Bab. 15 7.
Lind. 129.

G. pusillum. Little Mountain Bed-straw. Fig. 603.

Leaves 8 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate. Panicles terminal, forked.
Fruit very smooth. Limestone hills. 3-10 in. Perenn. July and
Aug. White, (f) E. B. 1. 74. E. B. 2. 213. H. fy Am. 196.
Bab. 158. Lind. 129.

G. Mollugo. Great Hedge Bed-straw. Fig. 604.

Leaves 8 in a whorl, oval, bristle-pointed. Flowers in loose spreading
panicles. Seeds smooth, globular. Hedges. 1-4 ft. Perenn. July
and Aug. White, (f) £'.£.1. 1673. .£.£.2.214. H.fyArn. 197.
Bab. 158. Lind. 130.

G. anglicum. Wall Bed-straw. Fig. 605.

Leaves about 6 in a whorl, lanceolate, pointed, fringed with prickles.
Stems straggling. Flower-stalks forked, terminal. 6-8 in. Ann.
June and July. White. (§) E. B. 1. 384. E. B. 2. 215. H. $•
Am. 197. Bab. 157. Lind. 130.

G. bore ale. Cross-leaved Bed-straw. Fig. 606.

Leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, not hairy. Stem erect.
Rocky places. 1 ft. Perenn. July. White, (f) E. B. 1. 105.
£.£.2.216. H. fy Am. 197. Bab. 156. Lind. 130.

G. Aparine. Goose-grass. Cleavers. Fig. 607.

Leaves 8 in a whorl, lanceolate, keeled, rough. Stem weak, prickly.
Fruit covered with hooked bristles. Hedge-banks ; abundant. Ann.
May-Aug. White, (f) £.£.1.816. £.£.2.217. H.tyArn. 198.
Bab. 157. Lind. 130.

Genus 3. Sherardia.

S. arvensis. Field Madder. Fig. 608.

All the leaves wborled. Flowers terminal. Fields ; common. 4-
6 in. Ann. Juue-Aug. Purplish blue. (J-) £.£.1.891. E.B.
2.200. H. fy Am. 199. Bab. 156. Lind. 130.

Genus 4. Asperula.

A. odorata. Woodruff. Fig. 609.

Leaves 8 in a whorl, lanceolate. Tufts of flowers on long stalks.
Dry woods ; common. 6-8 in. Perenn. May. White, (f ) £. £.
1. 755. £. £. 2. 201. H. Am. 199. Bab. 156. Lind. 130.

A. arvensis. Field Woodruff. Fig. 610.

Leaves 6-10 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate. Near Davenport. 6-1 0 in.
Ann. May-July. Blue. (#) E. B. Supp. 2792. E.B. 2.201*. H.
Am. 199. Bab. 156.

62

A. cynanchica. Squinancy-wort. . Fig. 611.

Lower leaves 4 in a whorl, upper ones in pairs. Dry banks. 6 in.
Perenn. July. Pink, (!) E. B. 1. 33. E. B. 2. 202. H.
Am. 199. Bab. 155. Lind. 130.

Order XLIII. VALERI AN ACE/E.

Genus 1 . Centrantiius.

C. rubra. Bed Valerian. Fig. 612.

Leaves lanceolate, entire. Stamen l . Spur of flower long. Chalky
banks and old walls. 1£ ft. Perenn. June- Aug. Red. (!) E. B.
1. 1531. E. B. 2. 37. H. Am. 200. Bab. 160. Lind. 139.

Genus 2. Valeriana.

V. dioica. Marsh Valerian. Fig. 613.

Flowers dioecious. Root-leaves ovate, those of the stem pinnate.
Moist meadows. 1 ft. Perenn. June. Pink. (!) E. B. 1. 628.
E. B. 2. 38. H. fy Am. 200. Bab. 160. Lind. 138.

V. officinalis. Great Wild Valerian. Fig. 614.

Leaves all pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate. Moist places ; common. Root
aromatic and antispasmodic. 3-4 ft. Perenn. June. Pink. (!)
E.B. 1. 698. E. B. 2. 39. H. Am. 200. Bab. 160. Lind. 138.

V. pyrenaica. Ileart-leaved Valerian. Fig. 615.

Stem-leaves heart-shaped ; the upper ones pinnated. A doubtful
native. 3 ft. Perenn. July. Pink. (§) E. B. 1. 1591. E. B.
2.40. H. fy Am. 201. Bab. 160. Lind. 138.

Genus 3. Fedia.

F. olitoria. Corn Salad Fig. 616.

Flowers in round heads. Leaves tongue- shaped. Fruit subglobose.
A common weed. 6 in. Ann. April- June. Blue. (!) E.B. 1.811.
E. B . 2. 4 1 . H. Am. 201. Bab. 1 6 1 . Lind. 23.

F. dentata. Lamb's Lettuce. Fig. 617.

Flowers in the forks of the stem. Fruit ovate. Leaves linear, tongue¬
shaped. Corn-fields. 1 ft. Ann. June and July. Purple, (!)
E. B. 1. 1370. E.B. 2. 42. II. fy Am. 202. Bab. 161. Lind. 138.

F. Auricula. Fig. 618.

Upper leaves somewhat pinnatifid at the base. Fruit subglobose. A
variety of dentata ? Corn-fields. 1ft. Ann. June and July. Purple.
(!) E. B. Supp. 2809. H. Am. 202. Bab. 161. Lind. 327.

F. carinata. Fig. 619.

Fruit oblong. Leaves entire, oblong or spatulate. A variety of
dentata. Corn-fields and gardens. 8 in. Ann. June and July.
Purple, (f) E. B. Supp. 2810. II. Am. 201. Bab. 161. Lind. 327.

Order XL1V. DIPSACEiE.

Genus ]. Dipsacus.

D. Fullonum. Fuller's Teasle. Fig. 620.

Leaves connected at the base. Scales of the receptacle broad, hooked.
Involucrum spreading. Heads used for dressing cloth. Waste places ;
not native. 4 ft. Bienn. July. Purple. (!) 2?. B. 1. 2080. E.B.
2.194. H. fy Am. 203. Bub. 162. Lind. 139.

X iXb. 1859.

31

63

I). sylvestris. Wild Teasle. Fig. 621.

Leaves often connected at the base. Scales of receptacle narrow,
straight. Ditch-banks and wav-sides ; common. 4 ft. Bienn. July.
Purple. (|) E.B. 1. 1032. E.B. 2.195. LI. ^ Am. 203. Bab. 16.
Lind. 139.

D. pilosus. Small Teasle. Fig. 622.

Leaves with foot-stalks, ternate, with small leaflets. Shady places on
a chalky soil. 4 ft. Bienn. Aug. and Sept. White, (§) E. B.
1.877. E.B. 2. 196. H. fy Am. 263. Bab. 1G3. Lind. 139.

Genus 2. Scabiosa.

S. succisa. Devil' s-bit. Fig. 623.

Corolla 4-cleft, regular. Heads of flowers nearly globular. Commons ;
very common. 1ft. Perenn. Aug.-Oct. Blue, (■§•) E. B. 1. 878.
E. B. 2. 197. H. Am. 204. Bab. 163. Lind. 139.

S. arvensis. Field Scabious. Fig. 624.

Corolla 4-cleft. Marginal flowers radiant. Leaves pinnatifid. Corn¬
fields and pastures ; common. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July. Purple. (%)
E. B. 1. 659. E. B. 2. 198. H. 8f Am. 204. Bab. 163. Lind. 140.

S. columbaria. Small Scabious. Fig. 625.

Corolla 5-cleft, irregular. Upper leaves pinnatifid, with linear seg¬
ments. Pastures. 1-1^ ft. Perenn. June-Aug. Purple, (f)
E.B. 1. 134. E. B. 2. 199. H. Am. 204. Bab. 163. Lind. 140.

Order XLV. COMPOSITE.

Genus 1. Tragopogon.

T. pratensis. Yellow Goat' s-beard. Fig. 626.

Leaves channelled, pointed, dilated at the base. Peduncle thickened

upwards. Involucrum about equal to the florets. Meadows. 1-2 ft.
Bienn. June and July. Yellow, (f) E.B. 1.434. E. B. 2. 1061.
H . Am. 209 . Bab. 193. Lind. 161.

T. porrifolius. Purple Goat' s-beard. Salsify. Fig. 627.

Leaves straight from the base. Involucrum longer than the florets.
Moist meadows ; not native. Roots esculent. 3—4 ft. Bienn. May
and June. Purple, (f) E.B. 1.638. E.B. 2.1062. H.fyAm.20(J.
Bab. 193. Lind. 161.

Genus 2. Helminthia.

H. echioides. Ox-tongue. Fig. 628.

Involucrum double ; outer one spiny at the margin. Lower leaves
lanceolate, spiny. Hedge-banks. 2-3 ft. Ann. June and July.
Yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 972. E. B. 2. 1063. H.fyArn. 209. Bab. 194.
Lind. 158.

Genus 3. Picris.

P. hieracioides. Yellow Succory. Fig. 629.

Stem rough with hooked bristles. Leaves rough, lanceolate, wavy.
Foot-stalks with many bracts. Road-sides ; common. 2-3 ft. Bienn.
July and Aug. Yellow, (f) E. B. 1.196. E.B. 2.1064. H.
Am. 210. Bab. 193. Lind. 158.

Genus 4. Sonchus.

S. alpinus. Blue Sow-Thistle. Fig. 630.

Leaves lyrate ; terminal lobe triangular. Stems covered with glan¬
dular hairs. Scottish mountains. 3-4 ft. Perenn. July and Aug.
Blue, (f) E.B. 1.2425. E. B. 2. 1065. H. ^ Am. 213. Bab. 196.
Lind. 156.

64

S. palustris. Marsh Sow-Thistle. Fig. 631.

Leaves runcinate ; upper ones arrow-shaped, with very long lobes.
Involucrum hairy. River-sides ; rare. 7-8 ft. Perenn. July. Yellow.
(§) E.B. 1.935. E.B. 2.1066. II.fyAm. 213. Bab. 195. Lind. 156.

S. arvensis. Corn Sow-Thistle. Fig. 632.

Creeping at the root. Lower leaves runcinate ; upper ones entire.
Involucrum hairy. Corn-fields ; common. 3-4 ft. Perenn. Aug.
Golden yellow, (f) E.B. 1. 674. E. B. 2. 1067. H. Am. 213.
Bab. 195. Lind. 156.

S. oleraceus. Sow-Thistle. Fig. 633.

Leaves more or less pinnatifid ; lower ones with foot-stalks. Invo¬
lucrum smooth. A common weed. 1-3 ft. Ann. June-Oct. Yellow,
(f) E. B. 1.843. E.B. 2. 1068. II.fyArn. 213. Bab. 195. Lind. 156.

S. asper. Rough Sow-Thistle. Fig. 634.

Leaves with rounded bases ; lower ones sessile, spiny at the margin.
A mere variety of oleraceus. (f) E. B. Supp. 2765. E. B. 2. 1068*.
H. ^Arn. 214. Bab. 195. Lind. 328.

Genus 5. Lactuca.

L. virosa. Wild Lettuce. Fig. 635.

Leaves horizontal, oblong, finely toothed. Stem prickly. Flowers
in panicles. Hedge-banks ; common. Very narcotic. 3-4 ft. Bienn.
Aug. Yellow, (f) E.B. 1. 1957. E.B. 2.1069. H.^ Am. 212.
Bab. 194. Lind. 156.

L. Scariola. Prickly Lettuce. Fig. 636.

Leaves nearly erect, lobed, prickly. Flowers in a terminal panicle.
Waste places. 2-3 ft. Bienn. Aug. Yellow, (f) E.B. 1.268.
E.B. 2. 1070. II. fy Am. 212. Bab. 194. Lind. 156.

L. saligna. Small Lettuce. Fig. 637.

Root-leaves lanceolate, entire ; upper ones linear-lanceolate, sagittate.
Flowers nearly sessile. Near the sea. 6 in.-l ft. Bienn. Aug.
Pale yellow, (f) E.B. 1. 707. E. B. 2. 1071. II. & Am. 212.
Bab. 194. Lind. 15 7.

Genus 6. Prenanthes.

P. muralis. Ivy-leaved Wall-Lettuce. Fig. 638.

Leaves lyrate ; terminal lobe large and angular. Florets 5. Walls
and cliffs. 1 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Pale yellow, (f) E. B.
1. 457. E. B. 2. 1072. II. Am. 212. Bab. 194. Lind. 157.

P. hieraciifolia. Hawk-weed Wall-Lettuce. Fig. 639.

Leaves oblong-obovate, downy, toothed. Panicle corymbose, spread¬
ing. Near Forfar. 1ft. Ann. June-Sept. Yellow, anthers brown, (f)
E.B. 1.2325. E.B. 2.1073. H.fyArn. 214. Bab. 197- Lind. 158.

Genus 7. Leontodon.

L. Taraxacum. Dandelion. Fig. 640.

Leaves runcinate, smooth, all springing from the root. Outer scales
of involucrum reflexed. A common weed. Diuretic. 6 in. Perenn.
April-Oct. Bright yellow. (|) £’.21.1.510. E.B. 2. 1074. H.fy

Am. 216. Bab. 195. Lind. 157 •

65

L. pa lustre. Marsh Dandelion. Fig. 641.

Leaves sinuated and toothed. Outer scales of involucrum erect. A
variety of 7 'araxacum. Marshes. 6 in. Perenn. May-Sept. Yellow.
(!) £. B. 1. 553. E. B. 2. 1075. H. Am. 216. Bab. 195.

Lind. 15 7.

Genus 8. Apargia.

A. hispida. Rough Hawk-bit. Fig. 642.

Leaves with hooked teeth, hairy. Stem single-flowered. Involucrum
hairy. Dry pastures and heaths; common. 6 in. Perenn. June
and July. Bright yellow. (!) E.B. 1.554. £. 5. 2. 1076. H.fy

Am. 210. Bab. 192. Lind. 162.

A. Taraxaci. Dandelion HawJc-bit, Fig. 643.

Leaves smooth, runcinate. Involucrum hairy. Stem single-flowered.
Mountains. 1ft. Perenn. Aug. Deep yellow. (!) E.B. 1.1109.
E. B. 2. 1077. H. Am. 210. Bab. 1*93. Lind. 162.

A. autumnalis. Autumnal Hawk-bit. Fig. 644.

Leaves nearly smooth, pinnatifid. Stem branched, with many scaly
bracts. Meadows ; abundant. 1 ft. Perenn. Aug. and Sept. Yellow.
(!) E. B. 1. 830. E. B. 2. 1078. H.fyArn. 210. Bab. 193. Lind. 162.

Genus 9. Thrincia.

T. iiirta. Hairy Hawk-bit,. Fig. 645.

Leaves lanceolate, slightly toothed, hairy. Stems single-flowered.
Gravelly commons; frequent. 6-8 in. Perenn. July and Aug.

Bright yellow, orange outside. (!) E.B. 1. 555. E. B. 2. 1079.
If. fy Am. 211. Bab. 192. Lind. 162.

Genus 10. Hieracium.

II. alpinum. Alpine Hawkweed Fig. 646.

Very hairy. Stem with 1 or 2 bracts, single-flowered. Leaves
oblong-lanceolate, nearly entire. Involucrum shaggy. Mountains.
6in. Perenn. Aug. Deepyellow. (!) E. B. 1. 1 1 10. E. B. 2. 1080.
H.fyArn. 219. Bab. 199. Lind. 159.

II. Halleri. Fig. 647.

Hairy. Stem 1 -flowered, with 1 or 2 leaves near the base. Leaves
lanceolate, nearly entire. A variety of alpinum. Mountains. Perenn.
Aug. Yellow. (!) E.B. 1.2379. £.5.2.1081. H.^ Am. 218.
Bab. 202? Lind. 160.

H. Pilosella. Mouse-ear Hawkweed. Fig. 648.

Scions creeping. Stem hairy, leafless, 1 -flowered. Leaves elliptic-
lanceolate, entire, very hairy, downy beneath. Dry places; very com¬
mon. 6 in. Perenn. May-Aug. Lemon-yellow. (!) £.5.1.1093.
£.5.2.1082. H.fyAm.2\7. Bab. 198. Lind. 159.

H. dubium. Fig. 649.

Scions creeping. Stem nearly smooth, loosely corymbose. Leaves
elliptic-lanceolate, nearly entire, with long hairs. Mountains ; rare.
1 ft. Perenn. July. Yellow. (!) £. 5. 1. 2332. £. 5. 2. 1083.
Lind. 159.

H. Auricula. Fig. 650.

Scions short. Stem leafless, scape-like, hairy, densely corymbiferous.
Leaves lanceolate, nearly entire, hairy. Near Grassmere. 8 in. Perenn.
July. Yellow. (!) £.5.1.2368. £.5.2.1084. Lind. 159.

K

66

II. aurantiacum. Orange Ilawkweed. Fig. 651.

Scions creeping. Stem nearly leafless, hairy, densely corymbose.
Leaves elliptical, entire, hairy. Flowers numerous. Northern woods.
8 in.-l ft. Perenn. June-Aug. Deep orange. (I) E. B. 1. 1461).
E. B. 2. 1085. H.fyAm. 21 1. Bab. 198. Lind. 159.

II. Lawsoni. Glaucous Ilawkweed. Fig. 652.

Hairy. Stem simply branched, few-leaved. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate,
glaucous. Peduncles with black glandular hairs. Mountains. 1 ft.
Perenn. Aug. Yellow. (=|) E. B. 1 . 2083. E. B. 2. 1086. Bab. 201.
Lind. 160.

H. pulmonarium. Fig. 653.

Hairy. Stem somewhat corymbose, 2-6-flowered. Leaves lanceolate,
deeply toothed ; teeth pointing forward. Rocky places. 1 ft. Perenn.
Aug. Yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 2307. E. B. 2. 1087. II . Am. 220.
Lind. 159.

H. mvrorum. Wall Ilawkweed. Fig. 654.

Hairy. Stem corymbose, bearing a single leaf. Leaves ovate or
heart-shaped. Dry woods and walls ; common. 2 in.-2 ft. Perenn.
Aug. Deep yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 2082. E. B. 2. 1088. H.
Am. 221. Bub. 203. Lind. 159.

H. sylvaticum. Wood Ilawkweed. Fig. 655.

Stem branched upwards, manv-leaved. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with
teeth at the base pointing upwards. Dry woods ; common. 1-2 ft.
Perenn. July and Aug. Yellow. (|) E.B. 1.2031. E. B. 2. 1089.
H. fyArn. 223. Bab. 204. Lind. ~159.

H. maculatum. Spotted Ilawkweed. Fig. 656.

Leaves more deeply toothed, spotted with purple. A variety of
sylvaticum. Dry woods. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Yellow.
(|) E.B. 1. 2121. E. B. 2. 1090. H. Am. 223. Bab. 204.
Lind. 159.

II. paludosum. Succory -leaved Hawkweed. Fig. 657.

Stem angular, hollow, panicled. Leaves smooth, oblong-ovate,
toothed, stem-clasping. Involucrum covered with black bristles.
Shady places ; common. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Bright
yellow, (i) E.B. 1. 1094. E.B. 2. 1091. H. b Am. 215. Bab. 197.
Lind. 160.

II. molle. Soft Ilawkweed. Fig. 658.

Stem hollow, panicled. Leaves hairy, lanceolate, stem-clasping ;
lower ones elliptical, stalked. Northern woods. 1-2 ft. Perenn.
July and Aug. Yellow. (|) E.B. 1.2210. E.B. 2.1092. H.fy
Am. 215. Bab. 197. Lind. 160.

II. CERINTHOIDES. Fig. 659.

Stem solid, corymbose. Leaves hairy, slightly toothed, oblong ;
lower ones with petioles. Involucrum hairy. Highland rocks. 2 ft.
Perenn. Aug. Bright yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 2378. E.B. 2.1093.
H. Am. 218. Bab. 201 ? Lind. 160.

H. AMPLEXICAULE. Fig. 660.

Stem corymbose, with glandular hairs. Leaves toothed ; lower ones

oblong-ovate, with petioles ; stem ones cordate, stem-clasping. Clova
Mountains. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. Aug. Yellow. (|) E.B.Supp. 2690.
E. B. 2. 1093*. //. Am. 219. Lind. 160.

64/ /& /)/> (7

1 March. 1859.

67

II. sabaudtjm. Shrubby Hawkweed. Fig. 661.

Stem erect, much branched, very leafy, many-flowered. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate, toothed, hairy beneath. Woods ; common. 2-3 ft.
Perenn. July-Sept. Yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 349. E. B. 2. 1094.
H. Am. 227 • Bab. 207 • Lind. 160.

H. DENTICULATUM. Fig. 662.

Stem erect, solid, many-flowered. Leaves sessile, elliptic-lanceolate,
glaucous beneath. Peduncles cottony. Northern woods. 3 ft. Perenn.
Aug. Yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 2122. E. B. 2. 1095. ll.fyAm. 224.
Bab, 205. Lind. 160.

H. PRENANTHOIDES. Fig. 663.

• Stem erect, many-flowered. Leaves elliptic-oblong; upper ones
cordate, stem-clasping. Scotland. 3-4 ft. Perenn. Aug. Yellow.
(k) E. B. 1. 2235. E. B. 2. 1096. H.fyArn. 224. Bab. 205. Lind. 161.

II. umbellatum. Narrow-leaved Hawkweed. Fig. 664.

Stem erect, simple, very leafy. Leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly
smooth. Flowers in terminal umbel-like corymbs. Dry woods ; com¬
mon. 2-3 ft. Perenn. Aug. and Sept. Yellow, (i) E.B.l. 1771.
E. B. 2. 1097. H. Am. 226. Bab. 206. Lind. 161.

Genus 11. Crepis.

C. tectorum. Smooth Hawk' s-beard. Fig. 665.

Stem smooth, purple at the joints. Upper leaves linear-lanceolate ;
lower runcinate. Walls and dry places ; common. 6 in. -2 ft. Ann.
June-Sept. Yellow. (|) ^.5.1.1111. E- B. 2.mS. H. Sr
Am. 214. Bab. 197. Lind. 158.

C. biennis. Rough Hawk' s-beard. Fig. 666.

Stem and leaves hairy. Root-leaves somewhat lyrate ; upper pinnatifid,
with toothed lobes. Dry pastures. 2-4 ft. Bienn. June and July.
Yellow. (|) E.B. 1. 149. E.B. 2.1099. H.fyArn. 214. Bab. 197.
Lind. 158.

Genus 12. Borkhausia.

B. fcetida. Stinking Hawk' s-beard. Fig. 667.

Stem hairy, spreading. Leaves pinnatifid, hairy, sessile. Involucrum
with deciduous scales at the base. Chalky fields. 6 in.-l ft. Bienn.
June and July. Yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 406. E.B. 2. 1100. H.
Am. 215. Bab. 196. Lind. 158.

Genus 13. Hypochceris.

H. maculata. Spotted Cat's-ear. Fig. 668.

Stems simple, hairy; generally 1 -flowered. Leaves ovate-oblong,
all growing from the root, spotted with brown beneath. Dry pastures.
6-8 in. Perenn. July and Aug. Yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 225.
E.B. 2. 1101. H.fyArn. 212. Bab. 192. Lind. 161.

H. glabra. Smooth Cat's-ear. Fig. 669.

Nearly smooth. Stems branched, leafy. Leaves waved or toothed.
Dry pastures. 4 in.-l ft. Ann. July and Aug. Yellow. (^)
E.B. 1.575. E.B. 2.1102. H.fyArn. 211. Bab. 191. Lind. 161.

FI. radicata. Long-rooted Cat's-ear. Fig. 670.

Stems branched, not leafy, smooth. Leaves runcinate, rough with
hairs. Meadows ; very common. 1ft. Perenn. June-Sept. Yellow.
(|) E. B. 1.831. E. B. 2. 1103. Ii. &■ Arn. 211. Bub. 192. Lind. 161

k 2

63

Genus 14. Lapsana.

L. communis. Nipple-wort.

Stem branched, panicled. Leaves ovate, toothed with foot-stalks.
Peduncles slender. A common weed. 2—3 ft. Ann. July and Aug.
Pale yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 844. E. B. 2. 1104. H. ^rn. 227.
Bab. 191. Lind. 157.

L. pusilla. Dwarf Nipple-wort. . Fig. 672.

Leaves all from the root. Stem branched, peduncles thickened up¬
wards. Sandy fields. G-8 in. Ann. June and July. Bright yellow,
(i) e.B. 1.95. E. B. 2. 1105. H.fyArn.227. Bab. 191. Lmd.\57.

Genus 15. Ciciiorium.

C. Tntybus. Chicory. Succory.

Leaves runcinate. Flowers sessile, in pairs. Chalky or dry fields
and wav-sides. Roots used as a substitute for coffee. 1-3 ft. Perenn.
July— Sept. Bright blue. (§) E. B. 1. 537. E. B. 2. 1106. H. $•
Am. 228. J5a6. 191. 162.

Genus 16. Arctium.

A. Lappa. Burdock. . Fig. 674.

Leaves heart-shaped, with petioles, very large. Scales of involucrum
hooked. Waste places and road-sides ; abundant. 3-4 ft. Bienn.
July and Aug. Purple or white. (g) E.B. 1.1228. E.B.2.\\i)7.
II. 8f Am. 229. Bab. 184. Lind. 154.

A. tomentosum. Downy-headed Burdock. Fig. 675.

Involucrum cottony. A variety of Lappa. Way-sides. 1-4 It.
Bienn. July and Aug. Purple. (|) E. B. 1.2478. E. B. 2. 1 108.
II. fy Am. 229. Bab. 185. Lind. 154.

Genus 1 7. Serratula.

S. tinctoria. Saw-wort. Fig. 670.

Leaves pinnatifid, or nearly entire, with sharp serratures. Woods ;
common. Yields a yellow dye. 2-3 ft. Perenn. Aug. and Sept.
Purple. (|) E. B. 1.38. E.B. 2.1109. H.fy Am. 229. Bab. 185.
Lind. 154.

Genus 18. Saussuria.

S. alpina. Fig. 677.

Leaves undivided, cottony beneath. Flowers in an umbel-like cluster.
Moist alpine rocks. G-lOin. Perenn. Aug. Purple. (|) E.B.
1.599. E.B. 2.1110. II.fyAm. 230. Bab. 183. Lind. 154.

Genus 19. Carduus.

C. nutans. Musk Thistle. Fig. 678.

Leaves decurrent, deeply waved, spinous. Flowers drooping. Waste
ground. 2-3 ft. Ann. July and Aug. Deep purple. (g) E. B.
1. 1112. E. B. 2. 1111. H.fyArn. 230. Bab. 188. Lind. 155.

C. acanthoi des. Welted Thistle. Fig. 679.

Leaves decurrent, very spinous. Flowers in heads, nearly sessile.
Road-sides; common. 3-5 ft. Ann. July. Purple or white, (g)
E. B. 1 . 973. E. B. 2. 1 1 12. II. Am. 230. Bab. 188. Lind. 155.
C. tenuiflorus. Slender-flowered Thistle. Fig. 680.

Leaves decurrent, pinnatifid, spinous, rather cottony beneath. Waste
places. 2-4 ft. Ann. June and July. Pale rose-colour. (|) E.B.
1.412. E.B. 2.1113. H. fy Am. 230. Bab. 188. Lind. 156.

V/V

i

Match.. 1859

. Ji// ///

60

Genus 20. Silybum.

S. Marianum. Milk Thistle. Fig 681.

Leaves waved, spinous, glossy green with white veins. Spines of
involucrum very large, recurved. Waste places. 4-5 ft. Bienn.
July. Purple. (|) E.B.1.97G. E.B. 2.1114. H. ^ Am. 231.
Bub. 190. Lind. 154.

Genus 21. Cnicus.

C. lanceolatus. Spear Thistle. Fig. 682.

Stem hairy, furrowed. Leaves spinous, cottony beneath. Involucrum
ovate, with lanceolate spreading scales. Flowers solitary. Waste places ;
common. 3-4 ft. Bienn. July and Aug. Purple. Q) E. B. 1. 107.
E. B.2. 1115. H.fyArn. 231. Bab. 188. Lind. 152.

C. palustris. Marsh Thistle. Fig. 683.

Leaves decurrent, pinnatifid, toothed, spinous. Involucrum ovate,
scales nearly smooth. Flowers in close clusters. Marshes. 3-6 ft.
Bienn. Juiy and Aug. Purple or white. (|) E. B. 1. 974. E. B.
2.1116. H. fy Am. 231. Bab. 189. Lind. 152.

C. arvensis. Common Thistle. Fig. 684.

Root creeping. Stem panicled, solid. Leaves sessile, pinnatifid,
spinous, deep shining green, nearly smooth. A common weed. 1-3 ft.
Perenn. July. Pale purple or whitish. (|) E. B. 1. 975. E. B.
2. 1117. H. Am. 231. Bab. 189. Lind. 153.

C. eriophorus. Woolly-headed Thistle. Fig. 685.

Stem very thick, furrowed. Leaves deeply pinnatifid, downy beneath.
Involucrum spherical, woolly. Limestone pastures and waste places
3-4 ft. July and Aug. Purple or white, (g) E. B. 1. 386. E. B
2.1118. H. fy Am. 232. Bab. 189. Lind. 153.

C. tuberosus. Tuberous Plume Thistle. Fig. 686.

Root creeping, tuberous. Stem 1- or 2-flowered, not prickly. Leaves
pinnatifid, with small prickles. Woods. 2 ft. Perenn. Aug. Bright
purple. (|) E. B. 1. 2562. E. B. 2. 1119. H. fy Am. 232.
Bab. 190. Lind. 153.

C. heterophyllus. Dark Plume Thistle. Fig. 687.

Stems downy, mostly 1-flowered. Leaves lanceolate, not prickly.
Northern pastures. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Dark purple.
(|) E. B. 1. 675. E. B. 2. 1120. H. Am. 232. Bab. 190.
Lind. 153.

C. pratensis. Meadow Plume Thistle. Fig. 688.

Stems downy, 1-flowered. Leaves lanceolate, green above, cottony
beneath, with small spines. Involucrum cottony. Wet meadows and
heaths. 1 ft. Perenn. July. Dull purple. (|) E. B. 1. 177.
E. B. 2. 1121. H. Am. 232. Bab. 189. Lind. 153.

C. acaulis. Dwarf Plume Thistle. Fig. 689.

Stemless. Involucrum smooth, sessile. Chalk pastures ; abundant.
2 in. Perenn. July. Purple. (|) E. B. 1. 161. E. B. 2. 1122.
II. & Am. 233. Bab. 190. Lind. 153.

Genus 22. Onopordum.

O. Acanthium. Cotton Thistle. Fig. 690.

Stem winged. Leaves sinuated, spinous, white and cottony. Scales
of involucrum spreading. Waste places. 4-6 ft. Bienn. Aug.
Purple. (4) E.B. 1.977. E.B. 2.1123. H.fyAm.233. Bab. 187-
Lind. 152.

70

Genus 23. Carlina.

C. vulgaris. Carline Thistle. Fig. 691.

Stern downy, corymbose, many-flowered. Leaves waved, witli unequal
spines. Inner scales of involucrum pale yellow, membranaceous. Dry
pastures. 3 in.— 1 ft. Bienn. June and July. Florets red, anthers

yellow. (|) £. B. 1. 1144. E. B. 2. 1124. U. $■ Am. 234.

Bab. 184. Lind. 154.

Genus 24. Bidens.

B. cernua. Nodding Bur Marigold. Fig. 692.

Leaves lanceolate, deeply serrated. Flowers drooping. Ditches.
1-2 ft. Ann. June-Sept. Yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 1114. E.B.

2.1125. 11.$’ Am. 238. Bab. 1/4. Lind. 151.

B. tripartita. Bur Marigold. Fig. 693.

Leaves tripartite. Flowers rather drooping. Ditches ; very common.

1-3 ft. Ann. July-Sept. Yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 1113. E. B.

2.1126. H.fyArn. 238. Bab. 173. Lind. 151.

Genus 25. Eupatorium.

E. cannabinum. Hemp Agrimony. Fig. 694.

Leaves opposite, pinnate, deeply serrated. Flowers in dense terminal
corymbs. Ditches; common. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July and Aug.
Pink. (|) £’.£.1.428. £.£.2.1127. H.fyArn. 240. Bub. 170.
Lind. 142.

Genus 26. Chrysocoma.

C. Linosyris. Goldilocks. Fig. 695.

Leaves linear, smooth, glaucous. Cliffs on the south coast. 1^—2 ft.

Perenn. Aug. and Sept. Yellow. (|) E.B. 1.2505. £.£.2.1128.
11. $• Am. 240. Bab. 172. Lind. 142.

Genus 27. Diotis.

D. maritima. Cotton-weed. Fig. 696.

Plant covered with a dense cottony down. Flowers in terminal

corymbs. Sandy shores. 1ft. Perenn. Aug. and Sept. Yellow. (|)
£. £. 1. 141. £. £. 2. 1129. Il.fyAm. 238. Bab. 176. Lind. 149.

Genus 28. Tanacetum.

T. vulgare. Tansy. Fig. 697.

Leaves bipinnatifid, serrated. Flowers in a flat corymb. Fields.
1-3 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Yellow. (|) £. £. 1. 1229.

£.£.2.1130. //. $• Am. 238. Bab. 178. Lind. 149.

Genus 29. Artemisia.

A. campestris. Field Southernwood. Fig. 698.

Stems twiggy, procumbent before flowering. Leaves bipinnatifid, with
linear segments. Drv heaths. 1 ft. Perenn. Aug. Yellow. (|)
£. £. 1. 338. £. £.2. 1 131. H. $■ Am. 239. Bab. 1 77. Lind. 149.
A. maritima. Sea Wormwood. Fig. 699.

Erect. Leaves downy, bipinnatifid, with linear segments. Flowers
in drooping racemes. Sea-shore. l-l|-ft. Perenn. Sept. Yellowish.
(O £. £. 1. 1706. £. £. 2. 1132. H. $■ Am. 239. Bab. 1 77.

Lind. 149.

A. Gallica. Fig. 700.

Racemes closer, erect. A variety of maritima. Sea-shore and salt
marshes. 1£ ft. Perenn. Sept. Yellow or brownish. (|) £. £.

1.1001. £.£.2.1132*. H.ZfArn. 239. Bab. 178. Lind. 149.

I, March, 1859.

71

A. Absinthium. Wormwood. Fig. 701.

Leaves bipinnatifid, with lanceolate segments, downy. Waste places,
lft. Perenn. Aug. Dingyyellow. (!) E.B. 1.1230. E. B. 2.1133.
H.fyArn. 239. Bab. 1 77. Lind. 149.

A. vulgaris. Mngwort. Fig. 702.

Leaves pinnatifid.with unequally cut segments, downybeneath. Hedge-
banks. 3-4 ft. Perenn. Aug. Reddish or yellow. (!) E.B. 1.978.
E. B. 2. 1134. H. Sr Am. 239. Bab. 178. Lind. 149.

A. clerulescens. Lavender Mugwort. Fig. 703.

Leaves lanceolate, hoary ; lowermost pinnatifid. Flowers erect. Sea-
coast ; a doubtful native. 2-3 ft. Perenn. Aug. Yellow or brownish.
(!) E. B. 1. 2426. E. B. 2. 1135. H. Sr Am. 240. Bab. 178.
Lind. 149.

Genus 30. Antennaria.

A. margaritacea. P early Everlasting . Fig. 704.

Stems branched above. Leaves linear-lanceolate, cottony. Flowers
in flat corymbs. Moist meadows ; not native. 1-3 ft. Perenn. Aug.
Involucrum pearly white, florets yellow. (!) E.B. 1. 2018. E. B.
2. 1136. H. Sf Am. 241. Bab. 180. Lind. 144.

A. dioica. Cat' s-foot. Fig. 705.

Shoots procumbent. Stems unbranched, white and cottony. Leaves
green above, cottony beneath. Dry heaths. 2-6 in. Perenn. June
and July. White or rose-colour. (!) E. B. 1. 267. E. B. 2. 1137.
H. fy Am. 241. Bab. 180. Lind. 144.

Genus 31. Gnaphalium.

G. luteo-album. Jersey Cudweed. Fig. 706.

Leaves half stem- clasping, linear-oblong, woolly on both sides. Dry
fields, lft. Ann. July and Aug. Pale yellow. (!) E.B. 1.1002.
E. B. 2. 1 138. H. Sr Am. 241. Bab. 179. Lind. 145.

G. sylvaticum. Highland Cudweed. Fig. 707.

Stem simple, nearly erect, downy. Leaves lanceolate, tapering at the
base. Flowers axillary, sessile. Mountains. 1-1 ! ft. Perenn. Aug.
Yellow. (A) E. B. 1. 913. E. B. 2. 1139. H.fyArn. 242. Bab. 180.
Lind. 145.

G. supinum. Dwarf Cudweed. Fig. 703.

Stem decumbent, simple or branched at the base. Leaves linear,
downy on both sides. Flowers solitary or in a spike-like raceme.
Highland mountains. 2-4 in. Perenn. July and Aug. Yellow.
(!) E.B. 1. 1193. E. B. 2. 1140. H. Am. 242. Bab. 180.
Lind. 145.

G. uliginosum. Marsh Cudweed. Fig. 709.

Stem much branched, spreading. Leaves linear-lanceolate, downy
on both sides. Flowers in crowded leafy tufts. Watery places. 9 in.
Ann. Aug. and Sept. Yellowish brown. (!) E. B. 1. 1 194. E.B. 2.
1141. H.fyArn. 242. Bab. 180. Lind. 145.

G. Gallicum. Narrow-leaved Cudweed. Fig. 710.

Stem erect, branched. Leaves linear, acute, downy. Flowers in
axillary clusters. Dry fields; rare. 9 in. Ann. July and Aug.
Brownish yellow. (!) E.B. 1.2369. E. B. 2. 1 142. H.fyArn.243.
Bab. 180. Lind. 145.

72

G. minimum. Least Cudweed. Fig. 711.

Stem branched, forked, the branches spreading. Leaves lanceolate,
flat, cottony. Flowers in terminal and lateral clusters. Dry ground ;
common. 2-6 in. Ann. JulyandAug. Yellow. (!) E. B. 1. 1 157.
E. B. 2. 1 143. II. Am. 243. Bab. 1 79. Lind. 145.

G. Germanicum. Common Cudweed. Fig. 712.

Stem proliferous at the summit. Leaves lanceolate, downy. Heads
globose, many-flowered. 6-9 in. Ann. June and July. Pale yellow.
(!) E. B. 1. 946. E. B. 2. 1144. II. Am. 243. Bab. 178.
Lind. 145.

Genus 32. Conyza.

C. squarrosa. Spikenard. Fig. 713.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, dowmy. Scales of involucrum leafy, recurved.
Chalky fields. 2-3 ft. Bienn. Sept, and Oct. Yellow. (!) E. B.
1. 1195. E.B. 2. 1145. II. fy Am. 250. Bab. 172. Lind. 142.

Genus 33. Erigeron.

E. Canadense. Canada Flea-bane. Fig. 714.

Stem hairy. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers in panicles. Waste ground ;
naturalized? 6 in.-2 ft. Ann. Aug. and Sept. Yellowish. (!)
E. B. 1. 2019. E.B. 2.1146. II.fyAm. 244. Bab. 171. Lind. 144.

E. acre. Blue Flea-bane. Fig. 715.

Leaves lanceolate. Flowers in racemes. Dry pastures. 1-1|- ft.
Bienn. Aug. Outer florets purplish, inner yellow. (!) E. B. 1.1 158.
E.B. 2.1147. II. fy Arn. 245. Bab. 171. Lind. 145.

E. alpinum. Alpine Flea-bane. Fig. 716.

Stem mostly 1 -flowered. Leaves lanceolate. Outer florets radiate.
Highland mountains. 2-5 in. Perenn. July. Pale purple. (!)
E. B. 1. 464. E. B. 2. 1148. II. $ Arn. 246. ‘Bab. 171. Lind. 144.

E. UNIFLORUM. Fig. 717.

Involucrum woolly. Outer florets erect. A variety of alpinum.
Highland mountains. 2-6 in. Perenn. July. Purple. (!) E.B.

I. 2416. E. B. 2. 1148*. II. Arn. 246. Bab. 17 1. Lind. 144.

Genus 34. Tussilago.

T. Farfara. Colt's-foot. Fig. 718.

Root creeping. Leaves cordate, angular, downy beneath ; appearing
after the flowers. Clayey banks; abundant. 4 in.— 1 ft. Perenn.
March and April. Golden yellow. (!) E.B. 1.429. E. B. 2. 1 149.

II. Arn. 245. Bab. 170. Lind. 14 7.

Genus 35. Petasites.

P. vulgaris. Butter-bur. Fig. 719.

Leaves very large, heart-shaped, downy beneath. Flowers in a close
panicle, appearing before the leaves. Banks of rivers and wet meadows.
3-6 in. Perenn. April and May. Pale lilac. (!) E. B. 1. 431.
E. B. 2. 1150. II. fy Am. 244. Bab. 1 70. Lind. 14 7.

Genus 36. Senecio.

S. vulgaris. Groundsel. Fig. 720.

Leaves pinnatifid, with obtuse segments. Flowers panicled, without
rays. A common weed. 4 in.-l ft. Ann. All the year. Yellow.
(!) E.B. 1. 747. E.B. 2.1151. H.fyArn.247. Bab. 181. Lind. 146.

1. March 1859.

73

S. viscosus. Stinking Groundsel . Fig. 721.

Stem with many spreading branches. Leaves pinnatifid, viscid. Ray-
florets revolute. Waste ground. Has a foetid smell. 1-2 ft. Ann. July
and Aug. Yellow, (f) E.B. 1 . 32. E. B. 2. 1152. H. &• Am. 248.
Bab. 181. Lind. 146.

S. sylvatictjs. Mountain Groundsel. Fig. 722.

Stem erect, straight. Leaves sessile, pinnatifid, lobed. Rav-florets
often wanting. Dry pastures. 1-2 ft. Ann. Julv. Yellow. (&)
E.B.1. 748. E.B. 2.1153. H. $ Am. 248. JSa6.‘l81. Lind. 146.

S. lividus. Fig. 723.

Leaves dilated at the base, pinnatifid and toothed. A variety of
sylvaticus. Barren heaths. 1-2 ft. Ann. Sept. Yellow. (2)
EB. 1.2515. E.B. 2.1154. H.fyArn.247. Bab. 182. Lind. 146.

S. SQUALIDUS. 724#

Leaves pinnatifid, with distant segments. Rays spreading. Walls
and waste places. 1-2 ft. Ann. June-Oct. Yellow, (f) ^.£. 1.600.
E. B. 2. 1155. H.^ Am. 248. Bab. 182. Lind. 146.

S. tenuifolius. Hoary Ragwort. Fig. 725.

Stem erect, cottony. Leaves closely pinnatifid, downy beneath.
Banks and way-sides. 1-3 ft. Perenn. 'July and Aug. Yellow. (T)
E.B. 1.574. E.B. 2. 1156. H.fy Am. 248. Bab. 182. Lind. 146.

S. Jacob^ea. Common Ragwort. Fig. 726.

. Stem erect, branched, furrowed. Leaves bipinnatifid, with spread-
mg toothed segments ; lower ones somewhat lyrate. Rays spreading,
toothed. Dry places ; common. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July and Aug.
Deep yelbw (f) H. 1. 1 130. E.B. 2.1157. H. ^ Am. 248.

Bab. 182. Lind. 146.

S. aquaticus. Marsh Ragwort. Fig. 727.

Leaves lyrate, smooth, serrated. Rays spreading, elliptical. Wet
places ; common. 1-3 ft. Perenn. July-Oct. Yellow, (-2-) E B 1
1131. E.B. 2.1158. H. Am. 248. Bab. 182. Lind. 146.

S. paludosus. Great Ragwort , BircTs-tongue. Fig. 728.

Stem quite straight, hollow, rather woolly. Leaves lanceolate,
serrated. Fens and ditches ; rare. 5-6 ft. Perenn. June and July.

Yellow, (f) E.B. 1.650. E.B. 2. 1159. H.fyArn.248. Bab. 183.
Lind. 146.

S. Saracenicus. Broad-leaved Ragwort. Fig. 729.

Stem erect, little branched. Leaves lanceolate, serrated. Corymbs
terminal. Moist meadows; rare. 3-5 ft. Perenn. July and Aug.
Yellow, (f) E.B. 1.2211. E. B. 2. 1 1 60. H. Am. 248. Bab. 183.
Lind. 14 7.

Genus 37. Aster.

A. Tripolitjm. Sea Starwort. Sea Aster.

Stem smooth. Leaves linear-lanceolate, fleshy.

Muddy sea-shores and salt marshes ; common. ^

Aug. and Sept. Disk yellow; rays blue or purpFe. (|) E.B. 1. 87
E.B. 2. 1161. H. Am. 24 6. Bab. 171. Lind. 143.

Fig. 730.
Flowers in corymbs.
6 in.-3 ft. Perenn.

74

Genus 38. Solidago.

S. Virgaurea. Golden-rod. Fig. 731.

Stem-leaves lanceolate ; lower ones elliptical. Flowers in rather
close panicles. Woods and heaths ; common. 1-3 ft. Perenn. Julv-
Sept. Yellow. (4) £. £. 1. 301. E. B. 2. 1162. H. Am. 246.
Bab. 172. Lind. 144.

Genus 39. Inula.

I. IIelenium. Elecampane. Fig. 732.

Leaves ovate or lanceolate, downy beneath, very large. Flowers
large, terminal. 3-6 ft. Perenu. July and Aug. Yellow. (|) E.B.l.
1546. £.£.2.1163. H.fy Am. 250. Bab.\72. Lind. 143.

Genus 40. Pulicaria.

P. dysenterica. Flea-bane. Fig. 733.

Stem and leaves woolly. Leaves oblong, stem-clasping. Ditches ;
common. 1ft. Perenn. Aug. and Sept. Deep yellow. (4) E.B.l.
1115. E.B. 2.1164. H. tyArn. 251. Bab. 173. Lind. 14.3.

P. vulgaris. Small Flea-bane. Fig. 734.

Stem hairy, much branched. Leaves lanceolate. Rays very short.
6 in.-l ft. Ann. Aug. and Sept. Yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 1196.
E.B. 2.1165. H. §• Am. 251. Bab. 173. Lind. 143.

Genus 41. Limbarda.

L. Crithmoides. Golden Samphire. Fig. 735.

Leaves linear, fleshy, 3-pointed. Salt marshes; common. 1ft. Perenn.
Aug. Deep yellow. (4) £.£.1.68. E.B. 2.1166. H.SrArn. 250.
Bab. 173. Lind. 143.'

Genus 42. Cineraria.

C. palustris. Marsh Flea-wort. Fig. 736.

Stem shaggy, much branched, hollow. Leaves broadly lanceolate.
Fens; local. 2-3 ft. Perenn. June and July. Yellow, (f) E.B.l.
151. £.£.2.1167. H. fy Am. 249. Bab. 183. Lind. 147.

C. campestris. Field Flea-wort. Fig. 737.

Herb woolly. Root-leaves oval. Flowers in an umbel. 6 in.-l ft.

Perenn. May and June. Yellow. (4) E.B. 1. 152. £. £.2. 1168.
H.fyArn. 249. Bab. 183. Lind. 147.

Genus 43. Doronicum.

D. plantagineum. Greater Leopard' s-bane. Fig. 738.

Lower leaves stalked, heart-shaped; upper sessile. A doubtful na¬
tive. 2 ft. Perenn. May and June. Bright yellow. (|) £. £. 1.
630. £. £. 2. 1169. H. <$• Am. 250. Bab. 181. Lind .“327.

D. Pardalianches. Common Leopard' s-bane. Fig. 739.

Leaves heart-shaped ; lower on long petioles, upper on winged petioles
dilated at the base. Moist woods ; scarcely native. 2-3 ft. Perenn.
June-Sept. Yellow. (£) E. B. Supp. 2654. £.£.2.1169*. H.

Am. 249. Bab. 181. Lind. 14 7.

Genus 44. Bellis.

B. perennis. Daisy. Fig. 740.

Root creeping. Leaves spatulate, crenated. Pastures ; abundant.
1-8 in. Perenn. April-Oct. White tipped with crimson. (4) E.B.l,
424. £.£.2.1170. H.tyAm.25l. Bab. 172. Lind. 148.

75

Genus 45. Chrysanthemum.

C. Leucanthemum. Ox-eye Daisy. Fig. 741.

Stem branched. Root-leaves obovate, with petioles. Dry pastures ;
common. 2 ft. Perenn. June and July. White. (^) E. B. 1.601.
E. B. 2. 1171. H. Am. 252. Bab. 1 70. Lind. 148.

C. segetum. Corn Marigold. Fig. 742.

Leaves glaucous, deeply notched. Peduncles thickened up wards.
Corn-fields ; common. 1-2 ft. Ann. June-Aug. Yellow. (§) E.B. 1.
510. E. B. 2. 1172. H.fyArn. 252. Bab. 176. Lind. 140.

Genus 46. Pyrethrum.

P. Parthenium. Feverfew. Fig. 743.

Stem erect. Leaves bipinnatifid, with petioles. Rays shorter than
the disk. Waste places ; frequent. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July. White. (#)
E. B. 1. 1231. E.B. 2. 1173. H.fyArn. 252. Bab. 1 77. Lind. 148.

P. inodorum. Corn Feverfew. Fig. 744.

Stem spreading. Leaves bipinnatifid, with hair-like segments.
Fields; common. 1ft. Ann. Aug. and Sept. White, (f) E.B.l.
676. E.B. 2. 1174. H.fyArn.252. Bab. 177. Lind. 148.

P. maritimum. Sea-side Feverfew. Fig. 745.

Stem spreading, branched. Leaves bipinnatifid, with linear segments.
Sandy sea-shores. 1ft. Perenn. July. White. (§) E.B. 1.979.
E. B. 2. 1175. H. Am. 252. Bab. 1 77. Lind. 148.

Genus 47. Matricaria.

M. Chamomilla. Wild Chamomile. Fig. 746.

Leaves smooth, bipinnatifid, with hair-like segments. Receptacle
conical. Corn-fields ; common. 1 ft. Ann. July and Aug. White,
(f) E.B. 1. 1232. E. B. 2. 1176. H. Am. 253. Bab. 1 77.
Lind. 149.

Genus 48. Anthemis.

A. maritima. Sea Chamomile. Fig. 747.

Stems prostrate. Leaves bipinnatifid, with fleshy segments ; some¬
what hairy. Scales of receptacle prominent, pointed. Rocky coasts.
4-8 in. Ann. July. White, (f) E. B. 1. 2370. E.B.2.U77.

H. Am. 253. Bab. 1 78. Lind. 149.

A. nob] lis. Common Chamomile. Fig. 748.

Stems procumbent. Leaves bipinnatifid, with linear segments,
downy. Dry pastures. Tonic. 6 in. Perenn. Aug. and Sept.
White. (|) E. B. 1. 980. E.B.2.U78. H.&-Arn.253. Bab. 175.
Lind. 150.

A. arvensi9. Corn Chamomile. Fig. 749.

Stem erect. Leaves bipinnatifid, with linear-lanceolate segments.
Receptacle conical. Corn-fields. 1 ft. Bienn. July. White. (^) E. B.

I. 602. E.B.2.U79. H.fyArn.254. Bab. 174. Lind. 150.

A. Cotula. Stinking Chamomile. Fig. 750.

Stem erect, branched. Leaves bipinnatifid, smooth. Receptacle
conical. A common weed. 6 in.-l ft. Ann. July and Aug. White,
(f) E.B. 1.1772. E. B. 2. 118'J. H. Am. 254. Bab. 1/4,
Lind. 150.

h 2

76

A. tinctoria. Ox-eye Chamomile. Fig. 75L

Stem erect, corymbose, cottony. Leaves bipinnatifid, with serrated
segments, downy beneath. Dry fields ; rare. 1-l^ft. Bierin. ? July
and Aug. Yellow, (f) £.£.1. 1472. £.£.2.1181. H.fyArn. 254.
Bab. 174. Lind. 150.

Genus 49. Achillea.

A. Ptarmica. Sneeze-wort. Goose-wort. Fig. 752.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, minutely serrated. Corymbs flat. Moist
pastures. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. White. (•§■) E. B. 1.
757. E.B. 2.1182. H. fy Am. 254. Bab. 175. Lind. 151.

A. serrata. Fig. 753.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, downy, deeply serrated. Corymbs nearly
simple. Near Matlock, Derby. 1 ft. Perenn. Aug. Pale yellow.
(§) E.B. 1. 2531. E. B. 2. 1183. H. Am. 255. Bab. 1 75.
Lind. 151.

A. Millefolium. Yarrow. Milfoil. Fig. 754.

Stems furrowed. Leaves bipinnatifid, hairy ; segments linear.
Pastures and way-sides ; very common. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June-Aug.
White, (f) E.B. 1. 758. £'.£.2.1184. II. fy Am. 255. Bab. 176.
Lind. 151.

A. tomentosa. Golden Milfoil. Fig. 755.

Leaves woolly, pinnatifid ; segments linear. Dry hill-pastures ; not
common. 6-8 in. Perenn. May-Oct. Golden yellow, (f) E.B. 1 .
2532. E.B. 2.1185. H.fy Am. 255. Bab. 175. Lind. 151.

Genus 50. Centaurea.

C. Jacea. Brown Knapweed. Fig. 750.

Leaves linear-lanceolate ; those of the root broader. Scales of invo-
lucrum pinnatifid, dark brown. 2-3 ft. Perenn. Aug. and Sept.
Bright purple. (|J E.B. 1. 1678. £'.£.2.1186. H.fy Am. 234
Bab. 185. Lind. 155.

C. nigra. Black Knapweed. Fig. 757.

Lower leaves somewhat lyrate ; upper ovate-lanceolate. Scales of
involucrum pectinated, black. Pastures and way-sides ; very common.
2-3 ft. Perenn. June-Sept. Purple. (^) £'.£.1. 278. E.B. 2.

1187. H. fy Am. 235. Bab. 186. Lind. 155.

C. Cyanus. Corn-flower . Blue-bottle. Fig. 758.

Leaves linear-lanceolate. Scales of involucrum serrated. Flowers
radiant. Corn-fields ; very common. 2-3 ft. Ann. July and Aug.
Inner florets purple, outer brilliant blue, (f) E. B. 1. 2 77. E.B. 2.

1 188. II. Am. 236. Bab. 186. Lind. 155.

C. Scabiosa. Great Knapweed. Fig. 759.

Leaves pinnatifid, with lanceolate segments. Flowers radiant.
Scales of involucrum ovate, rather downy. Corn-fields and pastures.
2-3 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Purple. (■§■) £'.£.1.56. E.B. 2.

1189. H. Am. 235. Bab. 186. Lind. 155.

C. Isnardi. Jersey Star-Thistle. Fig. 760.

Leaves somewhat pinnatifid, the lobes spiny. Scales of involucrum
with palmated spines. Channel Islands. 1 ft. Perenn. July and
Aug. Pale purple, (f) E. B. 1. 2256. E. B. 2. 1190. H.fyArn.
23 7. Bab. 187. Lind. 155.

77

C. Calcitrapa. Common Star-Thistle. Fig. 761.

Heads lateral, sessile. Scales of involucrum lengthened into long
spines. Waste places ; local. 1-2 ft. Ann. July-Sept. Pale purple,
(f) E.B. 1. 125. E. J?. 2. 1191. H. Am. 236. Bub. 187.
Lind. 155.

C. solstitialis. Yellow Star-Thistle. Fig. 762.

Leaves lanceolate, not spiny. Flowers terminal. Scales of involucrum
spiny. Waste places. 2 ft. Ann. June-Oct. Yellow. (•§■) E.B.l.
243. E.B. 2. 1192. H. Am. 236. Bab. IS/. Lind. 155.

Genus 51. Xanthium.

X. strum arium. Bur-weed. Fig. 763.

Monoecious. Leaves 3-lobed at the base, angular, and toothed.
Fruit covered with hooked spines. Waste ground ; scarcely wild. 1-2 ft.
Ann. Aug. and Sept. Greenish, (f) 2?. 2L 1. 2544. E.B. 2.1310.
II. fy Am. 2bf). Bab. 208. Lind. 151.

Order XLVI. CAMPANULACE^E.

Genus 1. Campanula.

C. rotun difolia. Blue-bell. Hair-bell. Fig. 764.

Stem slender. Root-leaves roundish heart-shaped ; stem-leaves linear.
Heaths; abundant. 8 in.-2 ft. Perenn. July-Sept. Blue, (f)
E.B. 1.866. E.B. 2. 296. H.fyArn. 258. Bab. 210. Lind. 136.

C. patula. Spreading Bell-flower. Fig. 765.

Root-leaves oval ; others lanceolate. Corolla spreading. Segments
of the calyx toothed. Woods. 1 ft. Bienn. July. Purplish blue,
(f) E.B. 1.42. E.B. 2.297. R.8fArn.2b7. Bab. 211. Lind. 136.

C. Rapunculus. Rampion Bell-flower. Fig. 766.

Leaves elliptic-lanceolate. Panicle erect. Segments of calyx entire.
Banks and fields. 3 ft. Bienn. July and Aug. Pale blue. (|)
E.B. 1 . 283. E. B. 2. 298. H. Am. 25 7. Bab. 211. Lind. 136.

C. persici folia. Reach-leaved Bell-flower. Fig. 767.

Root-leaves oblong, stalked ; upper linear-lanceolate, sessile. Corolla
spreading. Calyx-segments entire. Woods ; very rare. 2 ft. Perenn.
July. Blue, (f) E. B. Supp. 2773. E.B. 2.298*. H.fyArn.257.
Bab. 210. Lind. 136.

C. latifolia. Giant Bell-flower. Fig- 768.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Racemes erect. Shady places. 3-4 ft.
Perenn. Aug. Blue, pink, or white, (J-) 2£.2L 1. 302. E.B. 2.

299. H.fy-Arn.258. Bab. 210. Lind. 136.

C. rapunculoides. Creeping Bell-flower. Fig. 769.

Root-leaves heart-shaped, on foot-stalks ; upper lanceolate. Flowers

drooping to one side. Calyx reflexed. Northern corn-fields. 1 ft.
Perenn. July and Aug. Pale blue, (f) E. B. 1. 1369. E. B. 2.
300. H. fy Am. 258. Bab. 210. Lind. 136.

C. Trachelium. Nettle-leaved Bell-flower. Fig. 770.

Leaves cordate, on foot-stalks, serrated. Flower-stalks axillary, with
1-3 flowers. Woods and hedges ; common. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July
and Aug. Deep blue, (■§•) E. B. 1.12. E. B. 2. 301. H. Am. 258.
Bab. 210. Lind. 136.

78

C. glomerata. Clustered Bell-flower. Fig. 771.

Leaves ovate, crenated. Flowers sessile, in a terminal cluster.
Chalky pastures. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Purple-blue.
(£) E.B. 1.90. E. B. 2. 302. H.fyArn. 258. Bab. 209. Lind. I3(i.

C. hederacea. Ivy-leaved Bell-flower. Fig. 772.

Trailing ; stem very slender. Leaves heart-shaped, angular. Bogs.
4 in. Perenn. June-Aug. Blue, (f) E. B. 1. 73. E. B. 2. 303.
11. Am. 259. Bab. 211. Lind. 136.

C. hybrida. Corn Bell-flower. Fig. 773.

Leaves oblong, crenated. Corolla shorter than the calyx. Corn¬
fields. 6-9 in. Ann. Aug. Purplish, (f-) E.B. 1.375. E.B. 2.
304. II. fy Am. 259. Bab. 211. Lind. 135.

Genus 2. Phyteuma.

P. orbtculare. Rampion. Fig. 774.

Flowers in a round head. Lower leaves heart-shaped, on long
petioles. Chalk-hills ; local. 1 ft. Perenn. Aug. Purple, (§)
E. B. 1. 142. E. B. 2. 305. H. Am. 259. Bab. 209. Lind. 135.

P. spicatum. Spiked Rampion. Fig. 775.

Flowers in a cylindrical spike. Lower leaves ovate-heart- shaped.
Hedges ; rare. 3 ft. Perenn. Aug. Cream-colour, (f) E. B.
Supp. 2598. E. B. 2. 305*. H. Am. 259. Bab. 209. Lind. 135.

Genus 3. Jasione.

J. Montana. Sheep's Scabious. Fig. 776.

Flowers in round heads, with a circle of ovate bracts beneath. Dry
pastures; common. 6 in.-l ft. Ann. June and July. Blue, (f)
E.B. 1. 882. E. B. 2. 306. H. Am. 260. Bub. 209.

Order XLYII. LOBELIACEiE.

Genus 1. Lobelia.

L. Dortmanna. Water Lobelia. Fig. 777.

Leaves nearly cylindrical, composed of 2 tubes. Flowers rise above
the water. Alpine lakes. Perenn. July. Light blue, (f) E.B. 1.
140. E.B. 2. 307. H.fyArn. 261. Bab. 209. Lind. 137.

L. urens. Acrid Lobelia. Fig. 778.

Lower leaves obovate, on foot-stalks. Flowers in a terminal raceme.
Heaths in Devonshire. 1ft. Perenn. Sept. Light blue, (f) E.B. 1.
953. E.B. 2.308. H. fy Am. 261. Bab. 209. Lind. 137.

Order XLVIII. VACCINIACEiE.

Genus 1. Vaccinium.

V. Myrtillus. Bilberry. Whortle-berry. Fig. 779.

Shrubby. Peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered. Leaves ovate, serrated.
Heaths ; common. Fruit edible. 1-2 ft. May. Pink ; berries black.
(£) E.B. 1.456. E.B. 2. 551. H. Am. 261. Bab. 216. Lind. 134.

V. tjliginosum. Boy Whortle-berry. Fig. 780.

Shrubby. Peduncles in clusters, 1 -flowered. Leaves obovate, en¬
tire. Northern bogs. 1ft. May. Pink; berries black, (f) E.B. 1.
581. E.B. 2.552. II. Am. 262. J?<*6.216. Lind. 134.

79

V. Vitis Id^a. Cow-berry. Fig. 781.

Shrubby. Leaves obovate, evergreen, glossy, dotted beneath. Flowers
in terminal racemes. Dry heaths. 4-9 in. Mav. Pink ; fruit red.
(|) #. B. 1. 598. E.B. 2.553. H.tyAm 262. Bab. 216. Lind. 134.

Genus 2. Oxycoccus.

O. palustris. Cranberry. Fig. 782.

A slender trailing shrub. Peduncles 1-flowered, terminal. Leaves
ovate, evergreen. Bogs. Fruit edible. 2-4 in. June. Pink; berries
red. (f) E. B. 1. 319. E. B. 2. 554. H. Am. 262. Bab. 84.
Lind. 134.

Order XLIX. ERICACEAE.

Genus 1. Erica.

E. Tetralix. Cross-leaved Heath. Fig. 783.

A shrub. Leaves 4 in a whorl, ciliated. Corolla ovate, as long as
the style. Flowers in round tufts. Heaths ; common. 6 in.-l ft.
July-Sept. Pink, (f) #.£.1.1014. #.£.2.557. H.fyAm.
265. Bab. 214. Lind. 1 74.

E. cinerea. Common Heath. Fig. 784.

A shrub. Leaves 3 in a whorl. Corolla ovate, shorter than the
style. Flowers in racemes. Heaths ; abundant. 6 in.-2 ft. July-
Oct. Purple-red. (■§■) #.£.1.1015. #.£.2.558. H.fyAm.256.
Bab. 214. Lind. 174.

E. mediterranea. Mediterranean Heath. Fig. 785.

A shrub. Branches upright. Leaves 4 in a whorl. Flowers axillary.
West of Ireland. 1-4 ft. April. Pink ; anthers brown, (f) #. £.
Supp. 277 A. E.B. 2. 558*. H. 4 im. 266. Bab. 215. Lind. 330.

E. vagans. Cornish Heath. Fig. 786.

A shrub. Corolla bell-shaped Flowers in the middle of the
shoots. Cornwall. 1-2 ft. July and Aug. Pink, (f ) #. £. 1. 3.
E.B. 2.559. H. fy Am. 266. Bab. 215. Lind. 17 A.

E. ciliaris. Fringe-leaved Heath. Fig. 787.

A shrub. Flowers in terminal one-sided racemes. Leaves fringed
with hairs. Cornwall. 1 ft. July and Aug. Deep pink, (f) #. £.
Supp. 2618. #.£.2.559*. H. Am. 265. Bab. 215. Lind. 174.

Genus 2. Calluna.

C. vulgaris. Ling. Heather. Fig. 788.

A shrub. Leaves imbricated in 4 rows. Heaths ; abundant. 6 in.—
4 ft. June-Oct. Pink, (f) #.£. 1. 1013. #.£.2.560. H.^ Am.
267. Bab. 214. Lind, i 73.

Genus 3. Menziesia.

M. c^rulea. Fig. 789.

A shrub. Leaves scattered, linear. Flowers 5-cleft. Highland
moors. 6 in.-l ft. June and July. Bluish purple. (f) E.B. 1.
2469. E.B. 2. 555. H. fy Am. 267. Bab. 215. Lind. 173.

M. polifolia. St. Dabeoc’s Heath. Fig. 790.

A shrub. Leaves ovate, white beneath. Flowers 4 -cleft. West of
Ireland. 1ft. July-Sept. Deep pink, (f) #.£.1.35. E.B. 2.
556. H. Am. 267. Bab. 215. Lind. 1/3.

so

Genus 4. Azalea.

A. PROCUMBENS. Fig. 791.

A small, procumbent, Heath-like shrub. Flowers in terminal clusters.
Mountains. 2— 4 in. July. Pink. (|) E.B. 1.865. E.B. 2.289.
II. Am. 267. Bab. 216. Lind. 172.

Genus 5. Andromeda.

A. polifoli A. Marsh Cistus. Fig. 792.

A shrub. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, revolute, glaucous beneath.
Flowers in terminal clusters. Bogs. 1ft. June. Pink. (§) E.B. 1.
713. E.B. 2.586. H. Am. 268. Bab. 213. Lind. 1 73.

Genus 6. Arbutus.

A. Unedo. Strawberry-tree. _ Fig. 793.

A tree or large hush. Leaves smooth, serrated. Panicles terminal.
South of Ireland. Sept, and Oct. Pinkish ; berries red. (f ) E.B. 1 .
23 77. E.B. 2. 587. H.fyArn. 268. Bab. 213. Lind. 174.

Genus 7. Arctostaphylos.

A. alpina. Black Bear-berry. _ Fig. 794.

Stems procumbent. Leaves wrinkled, serrated, deciduous. Dry
mountain heaths. 4-6 in. Perenn. May. Pinkish ; berries black,
(l) E. B. 1. 2030. E.B. 2. 588. II. §■ Am. 269. Bab. 213.
Lind. 174.

A. Uva-ursi. Red Bear-berry. . Fig. 795.

Evergreen. Stems procumbent. Leaves ohovate, entire, revolute at
the margin. Stony heaths. Astringent. 4-6 in. Perenn. May.
Pink; berries red. (■§■) E.B. 1. 714. E. B. 2. 589. II. Am.

269. Bab. 213. Lind. 174.

Order L. PYROLACEiE.

Genus 1. Pyrola.

P. rotundi folia. Round-leaved Winter-green. Fig. 796.

Stamens ascending ; style twice as long, declining. Leaves roundish.
Moist woods; rare. 10 in. Perenn. July and Aug. White, (f)
E.B. 1.213. E.B. 2.581. II. Y Am. 270. Bab. 217. Lind. 175.

P. media. Winter-green. Fig. 797.

Stamens indexed, shorter than the style. Calyx shorter than the
stamens. Moist woods. 6-8 in. Perenn. July. White, (§) E.B. 1.
1945. E.B. 2.582. II. Y Am. 270. Bab. 217. Lind. 175.

P. minor. Lesser Winter-green. Fig. 798.

Stamens equal to the style. Stigma with 5 divergent rays. Moist
alpine woods. 6-10 in. Perenn. July. Pink, (§) E.B. 1.2543.
E. B. 2. 583. II. Y Am. 271. Bab. 21 7. Lind. i75.

P. secunda. Serrated Winter-green. Fig. 799.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrated. Racemes one-sided. Fir woods
in Scotland. 6-8 in. July. Greenish white. (§) E.B. 1. 517.
E.B. 2.584. II. Y Am. 2/0. Bab. 217- Lind. 175.

P. uniflora. Single-flowered Winter-green. Fig. 800.

Stem hearing a solitary flower. Leaves orbicular. Moist alpine
woods. 4-6 in. Perenn. July. White. (§) £.71.1.146. E.B. 2.
585. II. Y Am. 2/0. Bab. 217. Lind. 175.

81

Order LI. MONOTROPACE.E.

Genus 1. Monotropa.

M. Hypopitys. Yellow Bird's-nest. Fig. 801.

A brownish parasitic plant, without leaves. Flowers in an erect
raceme, drooping at the top. Roots of beech and fir trees. 6-9 in.
Perenn. June and July. Dull yellow. (f-) E. B. 1.69. E.B. 2.
580. II. fy Am. 271. Bab. 218. Lind. 176.

Order LII. AQUIFOLIACEAE.

Genus 1. Ilex.

I. Aouifolitjm. Holly. Fig. 802.

A small bushy evergreen tree. Lower leaves waved, with spiny
teeth ; upper entire, ovate. Woods and thickets. 6-20 ft. May.
White; berries scarlet, (f) E.B. 1.496. E.B. 2.235. H.fy Am.
2/2. Bub. 218. Lind. 176.

Order LIII. OLEACEAE.

Genus 1. Ligustrum.

L. vulgare. Privet. Fig. 803.

A shrub. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, nearly evergreen. Hedges and
thickets. 4-8 ft. June. White, (f) E. B. 1. 764. E. B. 2. 5.

H. Am. 2 73. Bab. 219. Lind. 171.

Genus 2. Fraxinus.

F. excelsior. Ash. Fig. 804.

A tree. Leaves pinnate, serrated. Flowers without calyx or corolla.
Woods and hedgerows; common. April. (|) E. B. 1. 1692. E. B.
2.6. H. Am. 273. Bab. 219. Lind. 171.

F. heterophylla. Simple-leaved Ash. Fig. 805.

Most of the leaves simple, ovate-lanceolate. A variety of excelsior. )
E.B. 1. 2476. E. B. 2. (i*. H. Am. 276. Bab. 219. Lind. 171.

Order LIV. APOCYNACE^E.

Genus 1. Vinca.

V. minor. Lesser Periwinkle. Fig. 806.

Stems procumbent. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate ; evergreen. Thickets;
not common. 4-6 in. Perenn. April-July. Blue, (f) E.B.l.
917. E.B. 2. 293. H.SfArn. 274. Bab.' 219. Lind. 176.

V. major. Greater Periwinkle. Fig. 807.

Stems erect at first, trailing when long. Leaves ovate, large ; ever¬
green usually. Hedges. May and June. Purplish blue, (f ) E. B.

I. 514. E.B. 2. 295. H.SfArn.27\. Bab. 219. Lind. 176.

Order LV. GENTIANACE.E.

Genus 1. Exacum.

E. filiforme. Gentianella. Fig. 808.

Stem filiform, branched. Leaves sessile. Flowers on long foot-stalks.
Bogs ; local. 4-6 in. Ann. July. Yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 235.
E. B. 2. 219. H.fyArn.275. Bab. 222. Lind. 176.

Genus 2. Erythr^a.

E. Centatjrium. Centaury. Fig. 809.

Stem elongated, little branched. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3-ribbed.
Calyx half as long as the tube of the corolla. Dry pastures ; common.
6 in.-l ft. Ann. June-Sept. Pink, (f) E.B. 1.417. E.B. 2.
320. H. Sr Am. 221. Bab. 276. Linil. 177.

E. littoralis. Tufted Centaury. Fig. 810.

Stem simple. Leaves linear-obovate, 3-ribbed, tufted. Flowers
nearly sessile. Sea-coast. 2-4 in. Ann. July. Pink, (f) E.B.
1. 2305. E. B. 2. 321. II. Am. 221. Bab. 221. Lind. 178.

M

82

E. latifolta. Broad-leaved Centaury. Fig. 811.

Stem branched, very short. Flowers in a dense tuft. Leaves broad,
elliptical, with 5 or 7 ribs. A variety of Centauriuin ? Sea-coast ;
local. 1-3 in. Ann. July. Pink. (|) E. B. Supp. 2719. E. B. 2.
321*. II. Am. 2/6. Bab. 221. Lind. 178.

E. pulchella. Dwarf Centaury. Fig. 812.

Stem branched, short. Leaves ovate, with 3 or 5 ribs. A variety of
Centaurium. Dry places. 2-4 in. Ann. Sept. Pink. (|) E.B. 1.458.
E. B. 2. 322. H. fy Am. 2 76. Bab. 221. Lind. 178.

Genus 3. Gentiana.

G. Pneumonanthe. Marsh Gentian. Calathian Violet. Fig. 813.
Leaves nearly linear. Flowers 2 or more together, on short stalks.
Wet heaths ; local. 4-8 in. Perenn. Aug. Deep blue with greenish
streaks, (f) E.B. 1.20. E.B. 2. 373. H.tyAm.277. Bab. 223.
Lind. 178.

G. acaulis. Dwarf Gentian. Fig. 814-.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate. Flowers large, solitary, bell-shaped, as
long as the stem. Near Haverfordwest ; not native. 4-6 in. Pererm.
May-July. Deep blue. (|) E. B. 1. 1594. E.B. 2. 374. Lind. 178.
G. verna. Spring Gentian. Fig. 815.

Leaves ovate, clustered. Flowers solitary ; corolla salver-shaped,
with rounded lobes. Mountains ; rare. 2-3 in. Perenn. April.
Bright blue, (i) E. B. 1. 493. E. B. 2. 375. II. $• Am. 2 77.
Bab. 222. Lind. 178.

G. nivalis. Small Alpine Gentian . Fig. 81C.

Leaves elliptical. Flowers several ; corolla funnel-shaped ; the
segments with small bifid lobes at the base. Mountain tops ; rare.
1-3 in. Ann. July and Aug. Blue. (f) E.B. 1. 896. E.B. 2.
376. II. Am. 277 . Bab. 222. Lind. 178.

G. Amarella. Autumn Gentian. Fig. 817.

Stem much branched. Corolla 5-cleft. Segments of the calyx equal.
Limestone pastures. 4-6 in. Ann. or bienn. Aug. and Sept.
Purplish blue, (f) E. B. 1. 236. E. B. 2. 377. H. Am. 2 77.
Bab. 222. Lind. \7 9.

G. campestris. Field Gentian. Fig. 818.

Stem branched. Corolla 4-cleft. Outer segments of the calyx very
large. Hill-pastures ; common on the chalk. 2-6 in. Ann. Aug.
and Sept. Purple. (§) E.B. 1.237. E.B. 2. 378. H.fyAm.278.
Bab. 278. Lind. 178.

Genus 4. Chlora.

C. perfoliata. Yellow-wort. Fig. 819.

Leaves ovate, glaucous, perfoliate. Chalky hills ; common. 3 in.-
lft. Ann. July-Sept. Bright yellow. (§) E. B. 1.60. E.B. 2.
561. H.fyArn. 278. Bab. 221. Lind. 179.

Genus 5. Menyanthes.

M. trifoliata. Boy-bean. Marsh Trefoil. Fig. 820.

Leaves ternate, the stalks sheathing the stem. Petals fringed with
filaments within. Bogs. Bitter and sudorific. 8 in. Perenn. June.
White tipped with pink, (f) E. B. 1. 494. E. B. 2. 280. H. Am.
278. Bab. 223. Lind. 179.

83

Genus 6. Villa rsia.

V. nymphasoides. Fringed Water-lily. Fig. 821.

Leaves floating, heart-shaped. Petals fringed. Pools and slow rivers.
Perenn. Aug. Yellow. (^) E.B.X.217. E.B. 2.281. H.fyArn.
279. Bab. 223. Lind. 180.

Genus 7. Swertia.

S. perennis. Marsh Felwort. Fig. 822.

Flowers erect, corymbose. Root-leaves ovate. Mountain bogs ; a
doubtful native. 8 in.-l ft. Perenn. Aug. Blue, (f) E.B. 1.1441.
E.B. 2. 372. Lind. 1 79.

Order LVI. POLEMONIACEAE.

Genus 1. Polemonium.

P. cleruleum. Jacob's Ladder. Fig. 823.

Leaves pinnate. Calyx longer than the tube of the corolla. Bushy
places ; rare. 1 ft. Perenn. May and June. Pale blue or white,
(f) E. B. 1. 14. E. B. 2. 295. H. Am. 279. Bab. 224. Lind. 108.

Order LVII. CONVOLVULACEAE.

Genus 1. Convolvulus.

C. arvensis. Small Bind-weed. Fig. 824.

Stem climbing or trailing. Leaves arrow-shaped. Bracts minute.
Hedge-banks; abundant. Perenn. June and July. Pink.

E. B. 1.312. E. B. 2. 290. H. Am. 280. Bab. 224. Lind. 1 67.

C. Sepjum. Great Bind-weed. Fig. 825.

Stem climbing. Leaves arrow-shaped. Bracts very large, heart-
shaped, close. Hedges and ditch-banks ; abundant. Perenn. July
and Aug. White. (§) E.B. 1.313. E.B. 2. 291. H. ^ Am. 281.
Bab. 224. Lind. 167.

C. Soldanella. Sea Bind-weed. Fig. 826.

Stem trailing. Leaves angular, kidney-shaped. Bracts large, ovate,
close. Sandy shores ; local. Perenn. July. Rose-colour, (g) E.B. 1.
314. E.B. 2.292. H.fyArn. 281. Bab. 225. Lind. 167.

Genus 2. Cuscuta.

C. europaea. Greater Fodder. Fig. 827.

A twining thread-like plant, without leaves. Segments of corolla
reflexed. Stamens without scales. Parasitic on thistles and other
plants. 2 ft. Ann. August. Reddish. (-§) E.B. 1.378. E.B. 2.
370. II.fyArn. 281. Bab. 225. Lind. 168.

C. Epithymum. Common Fodder. Fig. 828.

Twining, without leaves. Stamens with a fringed scale at the base.
Parasitic on Heath and Thyme ; common. 4 in.-l ft. Perenn. Aug.
Reddish, (f) E. B. 1. 55. E. B. 2. 371. II. Am. 282. Bab. 225.
Lind. 168.

C. Epilinum. Flax Fodder. Fig. 829.

Flower-heads on short peduncles, with a broad ovate bract. Corolla-
segments erect. A variety of europcea ? 2 ft. Ann. Aug. Reddish,

(f) E. B. Sapp. 2850. II. fy Am. 282. Bab. 225. Lind. 329.

Order LVIII. BORA GIN ACEiE.

Genus 1. Echium.

E. vulgare. Viper-grass. Fig. 830.

Leaves lanceolate. Plant covered with stiff prickly hairs. Flowers
in short lateral spikes. Dry fields. 1-1 g ft. Bienn. June-Aug. Blue,
(fj E. B. 1. 181. E. B. 2. 274. II. Am. 283. Bab. 229. Lind. 163,

M 2

84

E. violaceum. Purple Viper-grass. Fig. 831.

Leaves ovate-oblong ; upper ones oblong-cordate. Flowers in elon¬
gated lateral spikes. Sandy fields, Jersey. 1-li ft. Bienn. July.
Purple-blue, (§) E. B. Supp. 2798. II. Am. 284. Bab. 229.
Lind. 163.

Genus 2. Pulmonaria.

P. officinalis. Lungwort. Fig. 832.

Root-leaves ovate, generally spotted with white. Woods ; rare.
6 in. -1 ft. Perenn. May. Purple, (f) E.B. 1.118. E. B. 2.267.
II. fy Am. 284. Bab. 229. Lind. 163.

P. angusti folia. Narrow-leaved Lungwort. Fig. 833.

Leaves lanceolate, sometimes spotted. Woods ; rare. 1 ft. Perenn.
May. Purple. (f) E.B. 1. 1628. E.B. 2.268. U . Am. 284.
Bab. 229. Lind, i G4 .

Genus 3. Lithospermum.

L. officinale. Gromwell. Fig. 834.

Leaves lanceolate, broad. Seeds polished, even. Fields and waste

ground. 1-1£ ft. Perenn. June. Pale yellow, (§) E. iL 1. 134.

E. B. 2. 259. H. Am. 285. Bab. 230. Lind. 164.

L. arvense. Com Gromwell. Fig. 835.

Leaves lanceolate, obtuse. Seeds rugged. Fields ; common. 1 ft.

Ann. May- July. White. (-|) E. B. 1. 123. E. B. 2. 260.

H. fy Am. 285. Bab. 230. Lind. 164.

L. pu rpuro-casruleum. Creeping Gromwell. Fig. 836.

Barren stems prostrate. Corolla much longer than the calyx.
Seeds nearly even. Fields ; not common. l|ft. Perenn. June-Aug.
Purple-blue. (A) E.B.I.U7. E.B. 2.261. H. Am. 285.

Bab. 230. Lind. 164.

L. maritimum. Sea Gromwell. Fig. 837.

Leaves ovate, fleshy, glaucous. Stems procumbent. Seeds keeled.

Sandy coasts. 8 in.-l ft. Perenn. May and June. Purple, (f)
E. B. 1. 368. E. B. 2. 262. II. $• Am. 285. Bab. 230. Lind. 164.

Genus 4. Myosotis.

M. palustris. Forget-me-not. Fig. 838.

Leaves bright green, hairy. Limb of corolla longer than the tube.

Style equal to the calyx. Calyx open when in fruit. Ditches ;
common. 1 ft. Perenn. June-Aug. Bright blue with yellow eye.
(f) E. B. 1. 1973. E. B. 2. 255. H. £ Am. 286. Bab. 230.
Lind. 165.

M. re pens. Creeping Forget-me-not. Fig. 839.

Limb of corolla longer than the tube. Style shorter than the calyx.
Calyx closed when in fruit. Moist peaty places. 8 in. Perenn.
June and Julv. Blue, (ij) E. B. Supp. 2703. E. B. 2. 255*.
H. ^ Am. 286. Bab. 231.

M. cjespitosa. Tufted Forget-me-not. Fig. 840.

Limb of corolla equal to the tube. Style very short. Hairs on the
stem adpressed. Watery places; common. 8 in. Ann.? Julv.
Blue, (f) E.B. Supp. 2661. E.B. 2.255**. H. Am. 286.
Bab. 231. Lind. 165.

<92/ #40.

bower

85

M. alpestris. Alpine Forget-me-not. Fig. 841.

Limb of corolla longer than the tube. Style £ as long as the calyx.
Calyx open, very hairy. Root-leaves on long stalks. Mountains. 4 in.-
lft. Perenn. July and Aug. Bright blue with yellow eye. (§) E. B.
1.2559. E.B. 2.256. H.fyArn.287. Bab. 231. Lind. 166.

M. sylvatica. Wood Forget-me-not. Fig. 842.

Limb of corolla longer than the tube. Style nearly as long as the calyx.
Calyx closed when in fruit. Root-leaves on short stalks. Shady places.
1 ft. Perenn. July. Bright blue. (^) E. B. Supp. 2630. E. B.
2.256*. H. fy Am. 287. Bab. 231. Lind. 166.

M. arvensis. Field Forget-me-not. Fig. 843.

Limb of corolla as long as the tube, concave. Calyx closed. Style
very short. Dry places; common. 4-8 in. Ann. May— Aug. Light
blue. (|) E. B. Supp. 2629. E. B. 2. 256**. H. Am. 28 7. Bab.
231. Lind. 166.

M. collin a. Early Forget-me-not. Fig. 844.

Flowers very small. Calyx open, as long as the pedicels. Corolla-
limb shorter than the tube. Dry fields and walls ; common. 4-6 in.
Ann. April-Aug. Blue, (f) E.B. 1. 2558. E.B. 2. 257. H. $*
Am. 288. Bab. 232.

M. versicolor. Changeable Forget-me-not. Fig. 845.

Flowers very small. Calyx closed, longer than the pedicels. Limb
of corolla shorter than the tube. Dry places. 2-6 in. Ann. May-
July. Yellow ; afterwards blue. (§) E.B. 1.480. E.B. 2.258. li. fy
Am. 288. Bab. 232. Lind. 166.

Genus 5. Anchusa.

A. officinalis. Alkanet. Fig. 846.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate. Flowers in one-sided spikes. Waste ground ;
rare. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June and July. Purple, (f) E.B. 1.662.
E. B. 2. 263. H.fyArn. 288. Bab. 228. Lind. 165.

A. sempervirens. Evergreen Alkanet. Fig. 847.

Leaves ovate. Flower-stalks axillary. Waste ground ; local. 1 ft.
Perenn. May and June. Deep blue. (■§•) E.B. 1.45. E.B. 2.264.

H. fy Am. 289. Bab. 228. Lind. 165.

Genus 6. Lycopsis.

L. arvensis. Bugloss. Fig. 848.

Leaves lanceolate, hairy. Calyx erect when in flower. Fields ;
common. 1ft. Ann. June. Bright blue, (f) E.B. 1. 938. E.B .
2. 273. H. fy Am. 289. Bab. 229. Lind. 165.

Genus 7. Symphytum.

S. officinale. Comfrey. Fig. 849.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Stem winged. Watery places ; common.
2-3 ft. Perenn. May-Sept. Yellowish ; sometimes purple, (f) E.B.

I. 817. E.B. 2.269. H. ^ Am. 2b9. Bab. 229. Lind. 165.

S. tuberosum. Tuberous Comfrey. Fig. 850.

Leaves ovate. Stem slightly winged. Root tuberous. Wet places;
rare. 2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Yellowish, (f) E. B. 1. 1502.
E. B. 2. 270. H. Am. 290. Bab. 229. Lind. 165.

86

Genus 8. Borago.

B. officinalis. Common Borage. Fig. 851,

Lower leaves obovate. Plant covered with prickly hairs. "Waste ground.

6 in.— 1 ft. Bienn. June-Aug. Bright light blue. (!) E. B. 1.36.
E. B. 2. 271 . H.fyArn. 290. Bab. 228. Lind. 164.

Genus 9. Asperugo.

A. procumbens. Madwort. Fig. 852.

Procumbent. Leaves lanceolate, bristly. Waste places ; rare. 6 in.-
lft. Ann. June and July. Purple. (!) E. B. 1. 661. E.B.2.

2/2. II. fy Am. 290. Bab. 227. Lind. 165.

Genus 10. Cynoglossum.

C. officinale. Hoand' s-tongue. Fig. 853.

Leaves lanceolate, broad, downy, sessile. Waste ground ; common.

Narcotic. 2 ft. Bienn. July. Purplish red. (!) E. B. 1. 921.
E. B. 2. 265. H. fy Am. 291. Bab. 228. Lind. 166.

C. sylvaticum. Green-leaved Hound’ s-tongue. Fig. 854.

Leaves shining green, slightly hairy ; lower ones on very long stalks.

Shady places. 2 ft. Bienn. June and July. Purple. (!) E. B.
1. 1642. E.B.2. 266. H.fyArn. 291. Bab. 228. Lind. 166.

Order LIX. SOLANACE.E.

Genus 1. Datura.

D. Stramonium. Thorn-apple. Fig. 855.

Leaves ovate, angular, and sinuated. Fruit spiny. Waste ground ;

not native. Narcotic. 6 in. -2 ft. Ann. July-Sept. White. (!) E.B.

I. 1288. E.B. 2.315. H. Am. 292. Bab. 234. Lind.' 180.

Genus 2. Hyoscyamus.

LI. Niger. Henbane. Fig. 856.

Leaves downy, sinuated, stem-clasping. Flowers sessile. Waste
ground. Poisonous. 6 in.-l ft. Ann. July. Dingy yellow with
purple veins. (|) E. B. 1. 591. E. B. 2. 316. H. Am. 292.
Bab. 233. Lind. 181.

Genus 3. Atropa.

A. Belladonna. Dwale. Deadly Nightshade. Fig. 857.

Stem herbaceous. Leaves ovate. Flowers solitary. Waste ground.
Very poisonous. 2-3 ft. Perenn. June. Dull purple ; berries black,
(f) E.B. 1. 592. E.B. 2.31 7. H.tyArn. 293. Bab. 233. Lind. 182.
Genus 4. Solanum.

S. Dulcamara. Woody Nightshade. Bittersweet. Fig. 858.
A climbing shrub. Leaves heart-shaped. Flowers in drooping
clusters. Hedges ; abundant. Poisonous. 2-6 ft. June-Aug. Bright
purple, stamens yellow ; berries red. (!) E.B. 1.565. E.B.2.2>\8.

II. Am. 293. Bab. 233. Lind. 182.

S. nigrum. Garden Nightshade. Fig. 859.

Stem herbaceous. Leaves ovate, waved. Flower in drooping umbels.
A common weed. Narcotic. 4 in.-l ft. Ann. June-Sept. White ;
berries black. (!) E. B. 1. 566. E. B. 2. 319. II. Am. 293.
Bab. 233. Lind. 182.

Order LX. OROB AN CH ACEiE.

Genus 1. Orobanche.

O. major. Broom-rape. Fig. 860.

Stem simple. Tube of corolla inflated ; upper lip entire ; lower in
3 equal segments. Stamens smooth. Roots of Broom and Furze. 1 ft.
May-July. Purplish brown. (!) E.B. 1.421. E.B. 2.885. II.
fy Am. 294. Bab. 234. Lind. 193.

a '&/>

^ <90(9

E. Sowerty. Fecct.

1 July, 185 9

87

O. caryophyllacea. Clove-scented Broom-rape. Fig. 861.

Stem simple. Corolla-tube inflated ; upper lip emarginate. Stamens
hairy. On the roots of Galium. 1ft. July and Aug. Purple-brown.
(|) E. B. Supp. 2. 639. E. B. 2. 885*. H. Am. 294. Bab. 235.
Lind. 331.

O. rubra. Red Broom-rape. Fig. 862.

Stem simple. Upper lip of corolla cleft. Stamen fringed on one
side. On Thyme. 6 in.-l ft. July. Purplish red. (4) E.B.\,

1786. E.B. 2.888. H.fyArn. 295. Bab. 234. Lind. 194.

O. elatior. Tall Broom-rape. Fig. 863.

Stem simple. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens downy. On Cen-
taurea and other plants. 1-1| ft. July and Aug. Yellowish brown,
(f.) E. B. 1. 568. E. B. 2. 886. H. # Am. 295. Bab. 235. Lind.
194.

O. minor. Lesser Broom-rape. Fig. 864.

Stem simple. Corolla cylindrical ; upper lip entire ; lower with 3
curled segments. Stamens ciliated. On Clover. 5-8 in. July. Pale
violet, (f) E. B. 1. 422. E. B. 2. 887. LI. fy Am. 296. Bab. 236.
Lind. 194.

O. Heder^e. Ivy Broom-rape. Fig. 865.

Stem simple. Tube of corolla curved ; upper lip 2-lobed. On Ivy-
roots. 6-8 in. June-Aug. Yellowish brown, (f) E. B. Supp. 2859.
H. fy Am. 296. Bab. 235.

O. oerulea. Purple Broom-rape. Fig. 866.

Stem simple. Flowers with 3 bracts. On Artemisia. 6-8 in. July.
Purple. (4) E.B. 1.423. ^.£.2.889. H. Am. 297. Bab. 236.
Lind. 194.

O. ramosa. Branched Broom-rape. Fig. 867.

Stem branched. Flowers with 3 bracts. On Hemp. 8-10 in. Aug.
and Sept. Pale blue or yellowish. (4) E. B. 1. 184. E. B. 2.890.

H. fy Am. 297. Bab. 237. Lind. 194.

Genus 2. Lathr^ea.

L. Souamaria. Tooth-wort. Fig. 868.

Stem simple. Flowers in one-sided pendulous racemes. Parasitic on
tree-roots. 6-10 in. Perenn. April and May. Purple, (f) E.B.

I. 50. E.B. 2. 864. H.fyArn. 298. Bab. 237. Lind. 194.

Order LXI. SCROPHULARIACEiE.

Genus 1. Veronica.

V. spicata. Spi/ced Speedwell. Fig. 869.

Stem ascending. Flowers in terminal spikes. Leaves opposite, cre-
nated, obtuse. Dry pastures. Sin. Perenn. July and Aug. Blue,
(f) E.B. 1. 2. E. B. 2. 8. H. Am. 299. Bab. 247. Lind. 188.

V. hybrida. Welsh Speedwell. Fig. 870.

Leaves very broad, obtuse. A variety of spicata. Mountain-pastures.
6-8 in. Perenn. July and Aug. Blue. (4) E.B. 1.573. E.B.
2. 9. H. Am. 299. Bab. 24 7. Lind. 188.

88

V. se it pylli folia. Thyme-leaved Speedwell. Fig. 87L

Flowers in spiked racemes. Leaves ovate, 3-ribbed, smooth. Capsule
shorter than the style. Pastures ; abundant. 4-6 in. Perenn. June.
Blue, (f) E.B.\. 1075. E.B. 2.13. H. ^ Am. 299. Bab. 248.
Lind. 188.

V. alpina. Alpine Speedwell. Fig. 872.

Racemes corymbose, few-flowered. Leaves elliptic-ovate. Calyx
hairy. Mountains. 2-4 in. Perenn. July and Aug. Blue. (4) E.B.
1.484. E. B. 2. 12. H.fyArn. 299. Bab. 248. Lind. 188.

V. saxatilis. Blue Rock Speedwell. Fig. 873.

Stems spreading. Corymb terminal, few-flowered. Leaves elliptical.
Mountains. 2-4 in. Perenn. July. Light blue, (f) E. B. 1.
1027. E.B. 2.11. H.fyArn.247. Bab. 3 00. Lind. 188.

V. fruticulosa. Shrubby Speedwell. Fig. 874.

Stems woody, branched at the base. Spike terminal, many-flowered.
Highland mountains. 8-10 in. Perenn. July. Pink. (£) E.B.
1. 1028. E.B. 2. 10. H. Am. 300. Bab. 24 7. Lind. 188.

V. scutellata. Marsh Speedwell. Fig. 875.

Clusters lateral, alternate. Fruit-stalks reflexed. Leaves linear.
Bogs. 8 in. Perenn. July and Aug. Pink. (^-) E. B. 1. 782.
E. B. 2. 15. H. Am. 300. Bab. 246. Lind. 188.

V. Anagallis. Water Speedwell. Fig. 876.

Stems erect. Leaves lanceolate, serrated, glossy. Clusters lateral.
Ditches. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. July. Blue. (^) E. B. 1. 781.
E.B. 2. 14*. H.^ Am. 300. Bab. 246. Lind. 188.

V. Beccabunga. Brooklime. Fig. 877.

Stems creeping. Leaves oval, flat, glossy. Clusters lateral. Ditches ;
abundant. 6-8 in. Perenn. Juue and July. Blue, (f) E. B.
1.655. E.B. 2.14. U. fy- Am. 300. Bab. 246. Lind. 188.

V. officinalis. Common Speedwell. Fig. 878.

Stem procumbent. Leaves elliptical, serrated, rough. Clusters
lateral, spiked. Flower-stalks shorter than their bracts. Dry places ;
common. 4-6 in. Perenn. May-Aug. Blue. (-|) E.B. 1.765.
E. B. 2. 16. II. Am. 301. Bab. 24 7. Lind. 189.

V. Montana. Mountain Speedwell. Fig. 879.

Stem procumbent, hairy. Clusters lateral, few-flowered. Leaves
ovate, serrated. Shady woods ; not common. 4-6 in. Perenn. May—
July. Pale blue (§) E.B. 1. 766. E. B. 2. 18. H. Am. 301.
Bab. 247. Lind. 189.

V. Cham/f.drys. Germander Speedwell. Fig. 880.

Stem trailing, with a line of hairs on each side. Leaves ovate, sessile,
rough, serrated. Clusters lateral. Banks ; abundant. 4 in. Perenn.
May and June. Bright blue (£) E.B. 1. 623. E.B.2.17> II.
Am. 306. Bab. 2^7 . Lind. 189.

S6‘V Si? 8<S0.

J.±j Sower &v. Feat

89

V. hirsuta. Hairy Speedwell. Fig. 881.

Stem procumbent, hairy. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Capsule ovate,
entire. A variety of officinalis ? Heaths in Ayrshire. 2-4 in. Perenn.
June. Blue, (f) E. B. Supp. 2673. H. Am. 301. Bab. 247.
Lind. 189.

V. hederifolia. Ivy-leaved Speedwell. Fig. 882.

Stem procumbent. Leaves 5-lobed. Flowers solitary. A common
weed. 2-5 in. Ann. April-Aug. Pale blue, (f) E. B. 1. 784.
E. B. 2. 21. II. fyArn. 301. Bub. 249. Lind. 189.

V. agrestis. Germander ChicJcweed. Fig. 883.

Stem procumbent. Leaves stalked, ovate, crenated. Sepals oblong,
blunt. Plant pale green. A common weed. 2-6 in. Ann. April-
Sept. Pale blue. (§) E. B. Supp. 2603. E.B.2. 18*. H.fyArn. 302.
Bab. 249. Lind. 189.

V. polita. Grey Speedwell. Fig. 884.

Stem procumbent. Leaves cordate-ovate, deeply serrated. Sepals
ovate, acute. Plant greyish green. A common weed. 2-6 in. Ann.
May-Sept. Pale blue. (£) E.B.l. 783. E. B. 2. 19. H. £
Am. 302. Bab. 249. Lind. 331.

V. Buxbaumii. Fig. 885.

Stem procumbent. Leaves cordate-ovate, deeply serrated. Sepals
lanceolate, acute. Flowers large. Fields. 6-8 in. Ann. April-
Sept. Blue. (4) E. B. Supp. 2769. H. fy Am. 302. Bab. 249.
Lind. 33 1 .

V. arvensis. Wall Speedwell. Fig. 888.

Stem erect. Leaves ovate, serrated ; floral ones lanceolate. Flowers
nearly sessile. A common weed. 2-5 in. Ann. May. Blue, (f)
E.B.l. 734. E. B. 2. 20. H. Am. 302. Bab. 248. Lind. 189.

V. verna. Vernal Speedwell. Fig. 887.

Stem erect. Leaves pinnatifid. Flower-stalks shorter than the calyx.
Dry fields ; rare. 1-3 in. Ann. April and May. Blue, (f) E. B.
1. 25. E. B. 2. 23. H. Am. 303. Bab. 248. Lind. 189.

V. triphyllos. Trijid Speedwell. Fig. 888.

Stem erect. Upper leaves in deep finger-like segments. Flower-
stalks longer than the calyx. Sandy fields ; rare. 4-6 in. Ann.
May. Deep blue, (f) E.B.l. 25. E. B. 2. 23. H. $■ Am. 303.
Bab. 248. Lind. 189.

Genus 2. Bartsia.

B. alpina. Alpine Painted-cup. Fig. 889.

Stem square. Leaves opposite, ovate-cordate. Flowers in a terminal
spike. Alpine pastures; rare. 6-8 in. Perenn. June and July.
Purple. (4) E.B. 1. 361. E. B. 2. 855. H. &■ Am. 303. Bab. 245.
Lind. 190.

B. viscosa. Marsh Painted-cup. Fig. 890.

Stem round. Leaves lanceolate, with rounded serratures. Flowers
axillary. Moist pastures. 6 in.-l ft. Ann. Aug. Yellow, (f)
E. B. 1. 1045. E. B. 2. 856. II. ^ Am. 304. Bab. 245. Lind. 190.

N

90

B. Odontites. Red Eye-bright. Fig. 89L

Stem square. Leaves lanceolate, serrated. Flowers in one-sided
racemes. A common weed. 6 in.-l ft. Ann. July-Sept. Purple,
(f) E. B. 1. 1415. E.B. 2.857. H. Am. 304. Bab. 246. Lind. 191.

Genus 3. Euphrasia.

E. officinalis. Eye-bright. Fig. 892.

Stem erect. Leaves ovate, deeply toothed. Dry pastures ; common.
1-8 in. Ann. July-Sept. White or pinkish, (f) E. B. 1. 1416.
E.B. 2. 858. H. Am. 304. Bab. 245. Lind. 191.

Genus 4. Rhinanthus.

R. Chista-galli. Yellow-rattle. Fig. 893.

Stem simple or slightly branched. Leaves lanceolate, serrated.
Flowers in loose spikes. Meadows. 1-2 ft. Ann. June. Yellow,
with two blue spots on the upper lip. (f) E.B. 1. 65 7. E. B. 2. 859.
IL. §' Am. 305. Bab. 244. Lind. 190.

R. major. Large Yellow-rattle. Fig. 894.

Stem much branched. Leaves linear-lanceolate, serrated. Flowers
in crowded spikes. Corn-fields, 1-i- 2 ft. Ann. July and Aug.
Yellow, with a purple spot on the upper lip. (|) E. B. Supp. 2737 .
E. B. 2. 859*. H. £ Am. 306. Bab. 244. Lind. 190.

Genus 5. Melampyrum.

M. cristatum. Crested Cow-Wheat. Fig. 895.

Leaves linear-lanceolate. Flowers in dense 4-sided spikes. Bracts
heart-shaped, pointed, toothed at the base. Woods and fields. 1 ft.
Ann. July. Yellow; bracts rose-coloured at the base, (f-) E.B.
1.41. E.B. 2. 860. H. Am. 306. Bab. 243. Lind. 195.

M. arvense. Purple Cow-Wheat. Fig. 896.

Flowers in loose spikes. Bracts pinnatifid. Fields ; local. 1-li ft.
Ann. July. Yellow and purple; bracts purple at the base. (§)
E.B. 1 . 53. E. B. 2. 861. H. Am. 306. Bab. 243. Lind. 195.
M. pratense. Yellow Cow-Wheat. Fig. 897.

Flowers axillary, unilateral. Upper bracts pinnatifid at the base.
Woods. 1-lift. Ann. June-Aug. Pale yellow, (f) E.B. 1.113.
E. B. 2. 862. H. fy Am. 306. Bab. 243. Lind. 195.

M. sylvaticum. Wood Cow-Wheat. Fig. 898.

Flowers axillary, unilateral. Bracts entire. Alpine woods ; rare,
lft. Ann. July. Yellow, (f) E.B. 1. 804. E.B. 2.863. H. $■
Am. 306. Bab. 244. Lind. 195.

Genus 6. Pedicularis.

P. palustris. Marsh Red-rattle. Louse-wort. Fig. 899.

Stem solitary, branched above. Calyx ovate, hairy. Marshes.
8 in.-l ft. Perenn.? June and July. Pink or white, (-f) E.B.
1.399. E.B. 2.865. H. Am. 307. Bab. 244. Lind. 190.

P. sylvatica. Dwarf Red-rattle. Louse-wort. Fig. 900.

Stem branched, spreading. Calyx oblong, smooth. Moist pastures
and bogs; common. 3-8 in. Perenn. June and July. Pink or
white, (f) E.B.\. 400. E.B. 2.866. H.^ Am. 307. Bab. 244.
Lind. 190.

J E Sowe'Vv. Frcct

45

I July, 1859.

91

Genus 7. Scrophularia.

S. nodosa. Knotty Fiy-wort. Fig. 901.

Root tuberous. Stem with obtuse angles. Leaves cordate, acute,
smooth. Woods; common. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July. Greenish
purple, m E.B. 1. 1544. E. B. 2. 876. H. fy Am. 307. Bab. 242.
Lind. 193'.

S. aquatica. Water Fig-wort. Fig. 902.

Stem winged at the angles. Leaves ovate, blunt, glabrous. Ditches ;
common. 3-4 ft. Perenn. July. Greenish ; lips dark purple, (f )
E.B. 1 . 854. E. B. 2. 8 77. H. Sp Am. 854. Bab. 242. Lind. 193.
S. Scorodonia. Balm-leaved Fig-ivort. Fig. 903.

Plant downy. Leaves heart-shaped, serrated. Panicle leafy. Ditches
in Ireland and the southern counties. 2 ft. Perenn. July. Purplish.
(|) E.B. 1.2209. E.B. 2. 878. if.#- Am. 308. Bab. 242. Lind. 193.
S. vernalis. Yellow Fig-wort. Fig. 904.

Plant downy. Leaves broadly cordate, pale green. Flowers in leafy
cymes. Shady places. 2 ft. Perenn.? April and May. Yellow. (§)
E. B. 1. 567. E. B. 2. 879. H.SpArn. 308. Bab. 243. Lind. 193.

Genus 8. Digitalis.

D. purpurea. Foxglove. Fig. 905.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, rugged, crenated, downy. Woods and hedge-
banks; common in hilly districts. Very poisonous. 2-5 ft. Bienn.
June and July. Crimson, speckled within ; rarely white. (|) E.B.
1. 129 7. E.B. 2.880. R.SpArn. 309. Bab. 240. Lind. 192.

Genus 9. Antirrhinum.

A. majus. Snapdragon. Fig. 906.

Leaves lanceolate. Flowers in spiked racemes. Sepals ovate, shorter
than the corolla. Old walls ; common, but not indigenous. 1-2 ft.
Perenn. June-Sept. Purple, pink, or white. (|) E.B. 1. 129.
E.B. 2.874. H.^ Am. 309. Bab. 240. Lind. 192.

A. Orontium. Calfs-snout. Fig. 907.

Leaves linear-lanceolate. Flowers sessile, in lax spikes. Sepals linear,
longer than the corolla. Corn-fields ; not common. 6 in.-l ft. Ann.
JulvandAug. Pink. (|) E.B. 1.1155. E.B. 2. 875. H.fy Am. 309.
Bab. 240. Lind. 192.

Genus 10. Linaria.

L. Cymbalaria. Ivy-leaved Snapdragon. Fig. 908.

Stems trailing, very long and slender. Leaves cordate, 5-lobed. Walls ;
common, but not indigenous. 2-4 in. Perenn. June-Nov. Purple.
(|) E.B. 1.502. E.B. 2. 867. H.SpArn. 310. Bab. 240. Lind. 191.
L. spuria. Fluellen. Fig. 909.

Stems procumbent. Leaves ovate, downy. Dry fields. 2-4 in.
Ann. July-Sept. Violet and yellow. (^) E. B. 1. 691. E. B.
2.868. H. Sr Am. 3 10. Bab. 241. Lind. 191.

L. Elatine. Sharp-leaved Fluellen. Fig. 910.

Stems procumbent. Leaves cordate-hastate, acute. Dry fields.
2-4 in. Ann. June-Sept. Violet and yellow. (§) E. B. 1. 692.
E. B. 2. 869. H. Sp Am. 310. Bab. 240. Lind. 191.

n 2

92

L. repens. Creeping Toad-Flax . Fig. 911.

Stem erect, with creeping runners. Leaves linear, glaucous. Calyx
6mooth, as long as the spur. Rocks near the sea. 1-2 ft. Perenn.
July-Sept. Pale blue, with streaks ; lower lip sometimes pink. (|)
E. B. 1.1 253. E. B. 2. 870. H. Am. 310. Bab. 24 1 . Lind. 1 91 .

L. vulgaris. Toad-Flax. Butter-and-Eggs. Fig. 912.

Stems erect. Leaves linear-lanceolate, glaucous. Calyx smooth,
shorter than the spur. Hedges; common. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June
and July. Bright yellow and orange. (§) E. B. 1. 658. E. B.
2. 871 & 872. H.SrArn. 311. Bab. 242. Lind. 191.

L. minor. Small Toad-Flax. Fig. 913.

Stem erect, much-branched. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Flowers
axillary. Calyx longer than the spur. Chalky fields ; local. 4-8 in.
Ann. June and July. Purple and yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 2014.
E. B. 2. 873. H. $■ Am. 312. Bab. 241. Lind. 192.

L. Peliseriana. Purple Toad-Flax. Fig. 914.

Stem erect, little- branched. Leaves linear. Flowers in racemes.

Sepals linear, twice as long as the capsule. Jersey. 1ft. Ann. June.
Purple. f|) E. B. Supp. 2832. H. ^ Am. 311. Bab. 241.

Genus 11. Limosella.

L. aquatica. Mudwort. Fig. 915.

Leaves spatulate, on long stalks. Petals shorter than the tube of the
calyx. Muddy places. 1-2 in. Ann. July-Sept. Rose-colour, (f)
E.B. 1. 357. E.B. 2.882. II.fyArn. 312. Bab. 243. Lind. 192.

Genus 12. Sibthorpia.

S. Europaea. Cornish Money-wort. Fig. 916.

Stems creeping and rooting. Leaves alternate, kidney-shaped, nearly
orbicular. Flowers minute, axillary, on short peduncles. Moist places;
local, -iin. Perenn. June-Oct. Pinkish. (£) E. B. 1. 649. E.B.
2.881. H. fy Am. 312. Bab. 246. Lind. i92.

Genus 13. Verbascum.

V. Thapstjs. Great Mullein. Fig. 917.

Leaves decurrent, woolly on both sides. Stem simple. Flowers
sessile, densely crowded. Hedge-banks. 4-6 ft. Bienn. July and
Aug. Deepyellow. (|) E.B. 1.549. Z?. 2?. 2. 309. H.fy Arn.3\3.
Bab. 238. Lind. 181.

V. Lychnitis. White Mullein. Fig. 918.

Leaves nearly smooth on the upper side. Stem angular, panicled.
Chalky places ; local. 4-5 ft. Bienn. June. Pale yellow. (|)
E. B. 1.58. E. B. 2. 310. H.fyArn. 314. Bab. 239. Lind. 18l“.
Y. pulverulentum. Hoary Mullein. Fig. 919.

Leaves covered with mealy wool. Stem round, panicled. Waste
ground and hedge-banks. 3-4 ft. Bienn. July. Bright yellow. (|)
E. B. 1. 487. E.B. 2. 311. H.fyArn. 314. Bab. 239. Lind. 181.

V. nigrum. Dark Mullein. Fig. 920.

Leaves oblong heart-shaped, on foot-stalks, dark green, slightly downy.
Flowers in a raceme. Hedge-banks. 3 ft. Perenn. June-Oct.
Yellow. (|) E.B. 1.59. E.B. 2.312. LI.fyArn. 314. Bab. 239.
Lind. 181.

/// . . ?/ y ,y y /

93

V. virgattjm. Large-flowered Mullein. Fig. 921.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, toothed, sessile ; root ones downy, somewhat
lyrate. Stem branched. Flowers clustered, nearly sessile. Banks ;
rare. 5-6 ft. Bienn. Aug. Yellow, (g) E. B. 1. 550. E. B.
2.313. H. fy Am. 314. Bab. 240. Lind. 181.

Y. Blattaria. Moth Mullein. Fig. 922.

Leaves stem-clasping, oblong, serrated, smooth. Flowers distant.
Banks; rare. 3-4 ft. Ann. July-Nov. Yellow. (|) E. U. 1.393.
E. B. 2. 314. H. §■ Am. 313. Bub. 240. Lind. 181.

Order LXII. LABIATE.

Genus 1. Lycopus.

L. Europ^eus. Gipsy-wort. Fig. 923.

Leaves very deeply serrated. Flowers in dense whorls. Ditches and

pool-sides. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June-Sept. White. (§) E.B. 1.1105.
E. B. 2. 30. H. Am. 316. Bab. 254. Lind. 198.

Genus 2. Salvia.

S. pratensis. Meadow Clary. Fig. 924.

Leaves oblong, heart-shaped at the base. Corolla thrice as long as
the calyx. Hedge-banks ; rare. 3 ft. Perenn. June. Purple. (|)
E.B. 1.153. E.B. 2.31. H.^ Am. 317. Bab. 254. Lind. 197.

S. verbenaca. Wild Clary. Fig. 925.

Leaves serrated and crenated. Corolla-tube equal to the calyx. Dry
fields and hedge-banks. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June-Oct. Purple. (|)
E. B. 1. 154. E. B. 2. 32. H. Am. 31 7. Bab. 254. Lind. 197.

Genus 3. Mentha.

M. sylvestris. Horse Mint. Fig. 926.

Leaves ovate-oblong, very acute, deeply serrated, downy beneath.

Spikes nearly cylindrical. Bracts awl-shaped. Calyx very hairy.
Moist ground. 2-4 ft. Perenn. Aug. and Sept. Pale lilac, (§)
E.B. 1.686. E. B. 2. 802. H.fyAm. 318. Bab. 252. Lind. 199.

M. rotundi folia. Round-leaved Mint. Fig. 927.

Leaves elliptical, obtuse, wrinkled, sharply serrated, shaggy beneath.
Spikes interrupted. Bracts lanceolate. Moist places. 1-2 ft. Perenn.
Aug. and Sept. Reddish. (§) E.B. 1. 446. E. B. 2. 803. H.
Am. 318. Bab. 252. Lind. 199.

M. viridis. Spear Mint. Fig. 928.

Leaves lanceolate, acute, serrated, glabrous. Spikes interrupted.
Bracts awl-shaped. Moist places. A culinary herb. l-l| ft. Perenn.
Aug. and Sept. Reddish purple, (f) E. B. 1. 2424. E. B. 2. 804.
H. Am. 318. Bab. 252. Lind. 199.

M. piperita. Pepper-Mint. Fig. 929.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, deeply serrated, rather hairy. Spikes
interrupted below. Bracts lanceolate. Calyx smooth at the base,
glandular. Watery places. 1 ft. Perenn. Aug. and Sept. Pale
purple, (f) E.B. 1. 686. E.B. 2.805. H. fy Am. 319. Bab. 253.
Lind. 199.

M. crispa. Curled Mint. Fig. 930.

Leaves cordate, rugged, crisped at the margin, with long pointed teeth.
A variety of piperita. Wet places. 1 ft. Aug. and Sept. Purplish
red. (f) E. B. Supp. 2 785. E. B. 2. 805*. H. Am. 3J9-
Bub. 253. Lind. 199.

94

M. citrata. Bergamot Mint. Pig. 931.

Leaves cordate-ovate, acute, sharply serrated, smooth, stalked. Whorls
distant. Calyx glabrous. Wet places ; rare. 1 ft. Perenn. Aug.
and Sept. Purple, (f) E. B. 1. 1025. E. B. 2. 806. H.
Am. 319. Bab. 253. Lind. 200.

M. hirsuta. Water Mint. Hairy Mint. Fig. 932.

Leaves ovate, serrated, hairy, stalked. Flowers in dense heads. Calyx
hairy. Wet places ; common. 1-2 ft. Perenn. Aug. and Sept. Pale
purple, (f) E.B. 1.447. E.B. 2.807. H.^ Am. 319. Bab. 253.
Lind. 200.

M. sativa. Pig. 933.

Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in dense, distant whorls.
A variety of hirsuta. Wet places. 1-2 ft. Perenn. Aug. and
Sept. Pale purple, (f) E. B. 1.448. E. B. 2. 808. H. fy Am. 319.
Bab. 253. Lind. 200.

M. acuti folia. Sharp-leaved Mint. Fig. 934.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering at each end. Flowers whorled.
Calyx hairy all over, hairs of the pedicels spreading. Wet places ; rare.
1-2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Reddish purple. (|) E.B. 1.2415.
E. B. 2. 809. H. Am. 320. Bab. 253. Lind. 200.

M. rubra. Red Mint. Fig. 935.

Stem upright, zigzag. Leaves ovate, sharply serrated, glabrous.
Flowers whorled. Pedicels and lower part of the calyx smooth. Watery
places. 2-6 ft. Sept. Purplish red. (f) E. B. 1. 1413. E. B.
2.810. H. fyArn. 320. Bab. 253. Lind. 200.

M. gentilis. Bushy Red Mint. Fig. 936.

Stem much-branched, spreading. Leaves ovate, hairy, stalked.
Flowers whorled. Pedicels smooth. 1-2 ft. Perenn. Aug. and
Sept. Reddish purple. (j) E. B. 1. 2118. E. B. 2. 811. H. fy
Am. 320. Bab. 253. Lind. 201.

M. gracilis. Narrow-leaved Red Mint. Fig. 937.

Stem upright, much-branched. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute. A
variety of gentilis. 1 ft. Perenn. Sept. Reddish, (f) E. B.
1. 449. E. B. 2. 812. H. Am. 320. Bab. 253. Lind. 199.

M. arvensis. Corn Mint. Fig. 938.

Stem branched, spreading. Leaves ovate, hairy. Flowers whorled.
Calyx bell-shaped, hairy. Corn-fields. 8-10 in. Perenn. July-
Sept. Purple, (f) E.B. 1.2119. E.B. 2.813. H. fyArn. 320.
Bab. 254. Lind. 200.

M. agrestis. Field Mint. Fig. 939.

Stem erect. Leaves heart-shaped, serrated, rugged. A variety of
arvensis. Corn-fields. 8-10 in. Perenn. Aug. and Sept. Purple.
(|) E. B. 1. 2120. E. B. 2. 814. H. #' Am. 320. Bab. 254.
Lind. 200.

M. Pulegium. Penny-royal. - Fig. 940.

Stem prostrate. Leaves ovate, downy. Flowers whorled. Calyx
downy all over. Wet places ; naturalized. 4-8 in. Perenn. Aug.
and Sept. Pale purple, (f) E.B. 1. 1026. E. B. 2. 815. H. &
Am. 320. Bab.2bA. Lind. 201.

M £26

t T JL. So wer&y. JFectZ.

1. Oct. 18 59

95

Genus 4. Thymus.

T. Serpyulum. Wild Thyme. Fig. 941.

Stems branched, decumbent. Leaves ovate, hairy, sometimes very
woolly. Flowers in heads. Heaths and hedge-banks; abundant.
1-2 in. Perenn. June-Sept. Reddish. (§) E.B. 1.1514. E.B.
2. 816. H. Am. 321. Bab. 255. Lind. 201.

Genus 5. Origanum.

O. vulgare. Marjoram. Fig. 942.

Flowers in roundish heads, panicled. Leaves ovate, entire. Hedge-
banks and bushy places ; abundant on the chalk. l|-2 ft. Perenn.
July and Aug. Rose-colour. (§) E. B. 1. 1143. E. B. 2. 817.
H.’fyArn. 322. Bab. 255. Lind. 201.

Genus 6. Teucrium.

T. Scorodonia. Germander. Wood-Sage. Fig. 943.

Stem erect. Leaves heart-shaped, crenated, downy, with foot-stalks.
Flowers in one-sided racemes. Woods and commons ; abundant. 1-2 ft.
Perenn. July— Sept. Pale yellow. (§) E.B. 1. 1543. E. B. 2. 818.

H. Am. 322. Bab. 262. Lind. 198.

T. Scordium. Water Germander. Fig. 944.

Stem procumbent. Leaves oblong, sessile. Flowers axillary, in pairs.
Wet meadows ; local. 9 in.-l ft. Perenn. July. Pink. (§) E. B.

I. 828. E.B. 2. 819. H. Am. 322. Bab. 262. Lind. 198.

T. Cham^edrys. Wall Germander. Fig. 945.

Stems ascending, roundish. Leaves ovate, tapering to a stalk.
Flowers axillary, three together. Old walls ; naturalized. 9 in.
Perenn. June-Nov. Purplish red. (f) E. B. 1. 680. E.B. 2.820.
H.fyArn.323. Bab. 262. Lind. 198.

Genus 7. Ajuga.

A. reptans. Bugle. Fig. 946.

Plant nearly smooth. Stem solitary, with creeping runners. Lower
lip of corolla 4-cleft. Woods ; abundant. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. May
and June. Blue, pink, or white, (f) E.B. 1. 489. E. B. 2. 821.
II. fy Am. 323. Bab. 263. Lind. 197.

A. pyramidalis. Pyramidal Bugle. Fig. 947.

Hairy. Stem without runners. Root-leaves very large, obovate ;
whorls crowded in a pyramidal form. Highland pastures. 2-6 in.
Perenn. June. Bluish, with darker streaks. (J-) E. B. 1. 1270.
E. B. 2. 822. H. Am. 323. Bab. 263. Lind. 198.

A. alpina. Mountain Bugle. Fig. 948.

Leaves nearly smooth. Stem without runners. Whorls distant.
Mountains ; rare. 2-6 in. Perenn. June and July. Pale blue or pink,
(f) E. B. 1. 477. E. B. 2. 823. H. $ Am. 324. Bab. 263. Lind. 197.

A. Chama:pitys. Ground Pine. Yellow Bugle. Fig. 949.

Hairy. Stem spreading, branched. Leaves in three linear segments.

Flowers solitary. Chalky fields ; local. 6-8 in. Ann. April and
May. Yellow, with red dots, (f) E. B. 1. 77. E. B. 2. 824. H.
Am. 324. Bab. 263. Lind. 198.

Genus 8. Ballota.

B. nigra. Black Horehound. Fig. 950.

Leaves ovate, deeply serrated. Hedges and waste ground. 2-3 ft.

Perenn. July and Aug. Purple, (f) E. B. 1. 46. E. B. 2. 825.
II. ty Am, 325. Bab. 261. Lind. 205.

96

Genus 9. Leonurus.

L. Cardiaca. Motherwort. Fig. 95L

Leaves lanceolate, tapering to the petiole ; lower ones 3-lobed, upper
entire. Upper lip of corolla hairy. Hedge-banks. 1-3 ft. Perenn.
July and Aug. White; lower lip purple, (f) E. B. 1. 286. E. B.
2.826. H.ty Am. 325. Bab. 259. Lind. 204.

Genus 10. Galeopsis.

G. Ladanum. Red Hemp-Nettle. Fig. 952.

Stem not swollen beneath the nodes. Leaves lanceolate, hairy.
Upper lip of corolla slightly notched. Dry fields. 6 in.-l ft. Ann.
Aug.-Oct. Purplish pink, (f) E. B. 1. 884. E. B. 2. 828.
Ii.fyArn.3 25. Bab. 260. Lind. 202.

G. villosa. Dwarf Hemp-Nettle. Fig. 953.

Stem not swollen beneath the nodes. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, very
soft and downy. Upper lip of corolla deeply notched. Sandy fields.
1-2 ft. Ann. July and Aug. Pale yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 2353.
E. B. 2. 829. H.fyArn. 326. Bab. 260. Lind. 203.

G. Tetrahit. Hemp-Nettle. Fig. 954.

Stem swollen beneath the nodes. Leaves ovate, bristly. Corolla
twice as long as the calyx. Fields ; common. 1-3 ft. Ann. Aug.
Purplish or white. (-§) E.B. 1.207. E.B. 2.830. H.fy Am. 326.
Bab. 260. Lind. 203.

G. versicolor. Bee-Nettle. Fig. 955.

Stem swollen beneath the nodes. Corolla thrice as long as the calyx.
Corn-fields. 2-3 ft. Ann. June-Aug. Yellow, with a purple spot
on the lower lip. (|) E.B. 1. 667. .£'..6.2.831. H.ty Am. 326.
Bab. 260. Lind. 203.

Genus 11. Galeobdolox.

G. luteum. Weasel-snout. Fig. 956.

Leaves ovate, pointed, bright green. Flowering stems erect, barren
ones creeping. Hedges and thickets. 1ft. Perenn. May and June.
Yellow. (|) E.B. 1.787. E.B. 2. 827. H. Am. 326. Bab. 259.
Lind. 326.

Genus 12. Lamium.

L. album. White Dead-Nettle. Fig. 957.

Flowers about 20 in each whorl. Calyx-tube shorter than the teeth.
Upper lip of corolla notched. Hedges and way-sides ; abundant.
1-1 1 ft. Perenn. April-Oct. White; anthers black. (|) E.B.
1.768. E.B. 2. 832. H. Am. 327. Bab. 259. Lind. 203.

L. maculatum. Spotted Dead-Nettle. Fig. 958.

Lower leaves with a white spot. Flowers 8 or 10 in a whorl. Calyx-
tube curved, as long as the teeth. Upper lip of corolla crenated. Hedge-
banks; rare. 1 ft. Perenn. May-Oct. Reddish purple. (4)

E.B. 1. 2550. E. B. 2. 833. H. Am. 327. Bab. 259. Lind. 202.
L. purpureum. Red Dead-Nettle. Fig. 959.

Stem leafless in the middle ; upper leaves crowded. Tube of corolla
bearded within. A common weed. 6-10 in. Ann. All the year.
Purple or pink. (£) E. B. 1. 769. E. B. 2. 834. H. fy Am. 32 7.
Bab. 258. Lind. 203.

L. incisum. Cut-leaved Dead-Nettle. Fig. 960.

Stem leafless in the middle. Leaves irregularly cut and serrated.
Tube of corolla naked within. Fields. 6-10 in. Ann. May and
June. Purplish red. (§) E.B. 1.1933. EiB. 2. 835. H.fyArn.327.
Bub, 258. Lind. 204.

97

L. amplexicaule. Ilenbit Dead-Nettle. Fig. 9S1.

Leaves cordate ; upper ones stem-clasping. Calyx-teeth longer than
the tube, linear. Corolla-tube very long. Waste places. 8 in. Ann.
Feb.-June. Pink, with red spots. (§) E. B. 1. 770. E. B. 2. 836.
H.fyArn. 328. Bab. 258. Lind. 204.

Genus 13. Betonica.

B. officinalis. Betony. Fig. 962.

Root-leaves ovate-cordate, with long foot-stalks. Spike interrupted.
Woods ; common. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Purple-pink,
(f) E.BA. 1142. E.B. 2.837. H.fyArn. 328. Bab. 260. Lind. 205.

Genus 14. Stachys.

S. sylvatica. Hedge Woundwort. Fig. 963.

Stem solid. Leaves ovate-cordate, with petioles. Flowers 6 in a
whorl. Hedge-banks ; common. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July and Aug.
Deep purple, with streaks of white. (§) E. B. 1. 416. E. B. 2. 838.
H.fyAm.329. Bab. 261. Lind. 204.

S. AMBIGUA. Fig. 984.

Stem hollow. Leaves silky. A variety of sylvatica. Fields in
Scotland. 2-3 ft. Perenn. Aug. and Sept. Reddish-purple. (§)

E. B. 1. 2089. E. B. 2. 839. H. Am. 329. Bab. 261 . Lind. 204.

S. palustris. Marsh Woundwort. Fig. 965.

Root tuberous. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile. Flowers 6 in a
whorl. Wet places. 2-3 ft. Perenn. Aug. Purple and white. (§)
E.B. 1. 1675. E. B. 2. 840. LI. Am. 329. Bab. 261. Lind. 205.
S. germanica. Downy Woundwort. Fig. 966.

Stem erect, woolly. Leaves oblong, silky above, woolly beneath.
Whorls many-flowered. Fields. 2-3 ft. Perenn. Aug. and Sept.
Purple, (f) E. B. 1. 829. E.B.2.841. H.fyArn. 329. Bab. 261.
Lind. 205.

S. arvensis. Com Woundwort. Fig. 967.

Stem weak, branched. Leaves cordate, slightly hairy. Whorls
6-flowered. Corn-fields ; common. 6 in.-l ft. Ann. July and Aug.
Dull purple, (f) E. B. 1. 1154. E. B. 2. 842. H. Am. 329.
Bab. 261. Lind. 205.

S. annua. Pale Woundwort. Fig. 968.

Stem erect. Plant downy. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, the lower ones
stalked. Calyx hairy. Fields ; rare. 1 ft. Ann. Aug. and Sept.
Pale yellow, (f) E. B. Supp. 2669. E. B. 2. 842*. H.^Arn. 330.
Bab. 261. Lind. 204.

Genus 15. Nepeta.

N. Cataria. Cat-Mint. Fig. 969.

Leaves downy, with foot-stalks. Whorls stalked, many-flowered.
Hedge-banks. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July-Sept. Pale pink, with purple
spots. (|) E.BA. 137. E.B. 2.843. H.fyArn. 330. Bab. 257.
Lind. 202.

Genus 16. Glechoma.

G. hederacea. Ground Ivy. Fig. 970.

Stems procumbent, rooting. Leaves kidney-shaped, crenated. Flowers
in axillary whorls, 3 or 4 together. Hedge-banks ; abundant. 4-9 in.
Perenn. April-Oct. Blue; sometimes whi*c. (■£) E. B. 1.411.
E. B. 2. 846. H. Am. 330. Bab. 25 7. Lind. 202.

o

93

Genus 17. Marrubium.

M. vulgare. Horehound. Fig. 971.

Stem erect. Leaves roundish-ovate, wrinkled, covered with a dense
white wool. Waste places. Aromatic. 1-2 ft. Pereun. Aug. and
Sept. Whitish, (f) E. B. 1. 410. E. B. 2. 845. II. Arn. 331.
Bab. 2G2. Lind. 205.

Genus 18. Acinos.

A. vulgaris. Basil Thyme. Fig. 972.

Stem ascending, branched. Leaves oblong, acute, serrated. Flowers
about 6 in a whorl. Dry fields. 0-8 in. Ann. Aug. Purplish-blue,
with a white spot on the lower lip. (§) E.B. 1.411. E. B. 2. 846.

H. Am. 330. Bab. 256. Lind. 201.

Genus 19. Calamintha.

C. officinalis. Calamint. Fig. 973.

Stem erect. Leaves with slight serratures. Flowers in unilateral
cymes. Way-sides. 1| ft. Perenn. July-Sept. Pale purple. (^)
E. B. 1. 1676. E. B. 2. 84 7. LI. $ Arn. 332. Bab. 256. Lind. 201.
C. Nepeta. Lesser Calamint. Fig. 974.

Leaves serrated. Hairs in the throat of the calyx prominent when
in fruit. A variety of officinalis. Limestone hills and way-sides. 1 ft.
Perenn. Aug. and Sept. Purple, (f) E. B. 1. 1414. E.B. 2. 848.

B. fyArn. 331. Bab. 255. Lind. 202.

Genus 20. Clinopodium.

C. vulgare. Wild Basil. Fig. 975.

Leaves ovate, hairy. Flowers in 2 or 3 close, hairy whorls. Lime¬
stone hills. 1-1 1 ft. Perenn. Aug. Pinkish-purple, (f) E.B.

I. 1401. E.B. 2.849. H.fyArn. 332. Bab. 256. Lind. 202.

Genus 21. Melittis.

M. Melissophyllum. Bastard Balm. Fig. 976.

Leaves oblong-ovate, serrated. Flowers large. Upper lip of the
calyx with 2 or 3 teeth. Woods in the southern counties. 1 ft.
Perenn. June. Reddish with crimson spots. (|) E.B. 1. 577.
E.B. 2.851. H.fy Am. 333. Bab.2b&. Lind. 202.

M. grandiflora. Fig. 977.

Calyx-lobes entire. A variety of Melissophyllum. Woods. 1 ft.
Perenn. June. White, with a purple spot on the lower lip. (|)
E. B. 1. 636. E. B. 2. 850. H. fy Am. 333. Bab. 258. Lind. 202.
Genus 22. Prunella.

P. vulgaris. Self-heal. Fig. 978.

Leaves entire, with foot-stalks. Flowers in dense cylindrical spikes.
Fields. 2 in.-l ft. Perenn. June and July. Purplish-blue ; sometimes
pink or white, (f) E. B. 1. 961. E. B. 2. 852. H. Arn. 333.
Bab. 257. Lind. 206.

Genus 23. Scutellaria.

S. galericulata. Skull-cap. Fig. 979.

Leaves lanceolate, cordate at the base, crenated. Wet places. 1 ft.
Perenn. June-Aug. Purple or blue. (^) E.B. 1.523. E.B. 2.853.
H. Arn. 334. Bab. 25 7. Lind. 205.

S. minor. Lesser Skull-cap. Fig. 980.

Leaves oblong-ovate, nearly entire, sometimes hastate at the base.
Moist places ; common. 4-6 in. Perenn. July and Aug. Pinkish.
(|) E.B. 1. 524. E. B. 2. 854. IL. Arn. 334. 'Bab. 257. Lind. 205.

09

Order LXIII. VERBENACEiE.

Genus 1. Verbena.

V. officinalis. Common Vervain. Fig. 981.

Stem erect, hispid. Leaves lanceolate, deeply cut or serrated, some¬
times trifid. Flowers in slender panicled spikes. Waste places ; com¬
mon. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July. Lilac. (-§) E. B. 1. 767. E. B.
2.883. H. Am. 335. Bab. 264. Lind. 196.

Order LXIV. LENTIBULARIACE^E.

Genus 1. Pinguicula.

P. vulgaris. Butterwort. Fig. 982.

Leaves in a tuft at the root. Flowers solitary. Spur cylindrical, as
long as the petal. Segments of the calyx oblong. Bogs. 4-6 in.
Perenn. June and July. Purple-blue. (•§-) E.B. 1.70. E.B. 2.25.
H. \ Am. 335. Bab. 264. Lind. 186.

P. grandiflora. Large-jlowered Butterwort. Fig. 983.

Spur cylindrical, as long as the nearly regular petal. Segments of
the calyx ovate. Marshes ; rare. 6-8 in. Perenn. May. Blue. (|)
E.B. 1. 2184. E. B. 2. 26. H. ^ Am. 336. Bab. 264. Lind. 186.
P. alpina. Alpine Butterwort. Fig. 984.

Spur conical, slightly curved, shorter than the petal. Flower-stalks
smooth. Alpine bogs. 4-6 in. Perenn. June. Pale yellow. (^)
E.B. Supp. 2747. E.B. 2.24*. H.fyAra. 336. Bab. 264. Lind. 331.
P. lusitanica. Pale Butterwort. Fig. 985.

Spur blunt, shorter than the petal. Flower-stalks hairy. Flowers
nearly regular. Bogs; local. 4-6 in. Perenn. June. Pale blue.
(|) E.B. 1.145. E.B. 2.24. H.SfArn. 336. Bab. 264. Lind. 186.
Genus 2. Utricularia.

U. vulgaris. Bladderwort. Fig. 986.

Stems submersed. Leaves pinnate, with numerous segments. Spur
conical. Upper lip of corolla as long as the palate. Staguant water.
Perenn. July and Aug. "Yellow, (f) E. B. 1. 253. E. B. 2. 27.

H. fyArn.337. Bab. 265. Lind. 186.

U. INTERMEDIA. Fig. 987.

Spur conical. Spike 2- or 3-flowered. Upper lip twice as long as
the palate. Water ; rare. Perenn. June-Sept. Yellow. (■§■) E. B.

I. 2489. E.B. 2. 28. H. fy Am. 337. Bab. 265. Lind. 186.

U. minor. Small Bladderwort. Fig. 988.

Spur keel-shaped. Spikes with several flowers. Pools on moors.
Perenn. June-Sept. Yellow. (^) E. B. 1. 254. E. B. 2. 29.

H. fy Am. 337. Bab. 265. Lind.°\87.

Order LXV. PRIMULACE^E.

Genus 1. Hottonia.

H . palustris. Water Violet. Fig. 989.

Stems submersed. Leaves pectinated. Flowers in whorls around an
upright stalk. Clear water. Perenn. June. Pale lilac, (§) E. B.

I. 364. E. B. 2. 282. H. Am. 338. Bab. 267. Lind. 185.

Genus 2. Primula.

P. vulgaris. Primrose. Fig. 990.

Leaves obovate, tapering to the base. Pedicels usually sessile, single-
flowered. Banks and thickets ; abundant. 6-8 in. Perenn. March-
May. Pale yellow. (|) E.B. 1.4. E.B. 2.275. 11. fy Am. 339.
Bab. 266. Lind. 184.

, o 2

100

P. ELATIOR. Oxlip. Fig. 991.

Leaves ovate, contracted below the middle. Flowers in an umbel
on a long stalk. Teeth of the calyx awl-shaped. Thickets. 6-9 in.
Perenn. April. Pale yellow. (|) E.B. 1. 513. E. B. 2. 2/6.
II. Am. 339. Bab. 267. Lind. 184.

P. veris. Cowslip. Fig. 992.

Leaves ovate, much contracted below the middle. Umbel on a long
stalk. Limb of corolla shorter than the tube. Calyx-teeth short.
Meadows and pastures ; abundant. 6-10 in. Perenn. May. Deep
yellow, (!) E.B. 1.5. E.B. 2. 277. H.^Am.Z 39. Bab. 266.
Lind. 184.

P. farinosa. Bird’s-eye Primrose. * Fig. 993.

Leaves mealy beneath. Petals narrow. Moist places on mountains.
2-6 in. Perenn. June and July. Pale purple with a yellow eye. (|)
E.B.l. 6. E. B. 2. 278. H. ^ Am. 340. Bab. 267. Lind. 184.

P. scotica. Scotch Primrose. Fig. 994.

Leaves mealy. Petals broad. Northern Highlands. 1-4 in. Perenn.
July. Bluish-purple with yellow eye. (f) E. B. Supp. 2608. E. B.
2. 278*. II. 8r Am. 340. Bab. 2 67. Lind. 184.

Genus 3. Cyclamen.

C. hederi folium. Sow-bread. Fig. 995.

Leaves cordate, angular, with white blotches. Flowers solitary, on
long stalks. Petals reflexed. Woods ; local, scarcely wild. 6-8 in.
Perenn. Aug. and Sept. Pink. (!) E. B. 1. 548. E. B. 2. 2 79.
H. Am. 340. Bab. 267. Lind. 183.

Genus 4. Glaux.

G. maritima. Sea Milkwort. Fig. 996.

A small creeping plant with opposite, fleshy leaves. Flowers axillary.
Sea- shores and salt marshes. 1-4 in. Perenn. June-Aug. Pink,
(f) E.B.l. 13. E.B. 2.346. H. ^ Am. 341. Bab. 269. Lind. 183.

Genus 5. Trientalis.

T. europjEA. Chickweed Winter-green. Fig. 997.

Stem erect, with a whorl of leaves at the apex beneath the flowers.
Heaths ; rare. 4-6 in. Perenn. June. White. (!) E. B. 1. 15.
E.B. 2.540. H.fyAm. 341. Bab. 269. Lind. 185.

Genus 6. Lysimachia.

L. vulgaris. Loosestrife. Fig. 998.

Stems erect. Flowers in terminal leafy clusters. Moist places. 3 ft.
Perenn. July. Yellow. (!) E. B. 1. 761. E.B. 2.283. H. $*
Am. 342. Bab. 268. Lind. 184.

L. thyrsi flora. Tufted Loosestrife. Fig. 999.

Flowers in axillary stalked clusters. Leaves lanceolate. Borders
of lakes ; rare. 1 ^ ft. Perenn. July. Yellow. (!) E. B. 1.176.
E. B. 2. 284. H. Am. 342. Bab. 268. Lind. 184.

L. nemorum. Wood Pimpernel. Fig. 1000.

Stems procumbent, pinkish. Leaves ovate, acute. Sepals linear-
lanceolate. Woods ; common. 2-4 in. Perenn. May-Aug. Yellow.
(!) E.B.l. 527. E. B. 2. 285. II. $• Am. 312. Bab. 268. Lind. 184.

101

L. Nummularia. Money-wort. Fig. 1001.

Stems creeping. Leaves ovate, somewhat heart-shaped. Sepals
ovate, pointed. Ditch-banks and shady places; common. 1-3 in.
Perenn. May-July. Yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 528. E. B. 2. 286.
Ii. fy Am. 342. Bab. 268. Lind. 184.

Genus 7. Anagallis.

A. arvensis. Scarlet Pimpernel. Fig. 1002.

Leaves ovate, sessile. Edges of corolla glandulose. A common weed.
2-5 in. Ann. May-Sept. Scarlet. ($) E. B. 1. 529. E. B
2.28 7. H.fyAm. 343. Bab. 268. Lind. 185.

A. c^rulea. Blue Pimpernel. Fig. 1003.

Edges of corolla toothed. Plant more erect. A variety of arvensis.
2-6 in. Ann. May-Sept. Blue, scarlet in the centre, (§) E. B

I. 1823. E.B.2.287*. H.fyArn.343. Bab. 185. Lind. 185.

A. tenella. Boy Pimpernel. Fig. 1004.

Stem creeping. Leaves roundish. Bogs ; common. 1-2 in.
Perenn. July and Aug. Pink. (§) E. B. 1. 530. E. B. 2. 288.

II. Am. 530. Bab. 269. Lind. 185.

Genus 8. Centunculus.

C. minimus. Chaffweed. ~ Fig. 1005.

Leaves alternate. Flowers axillary, sessile. Moist places. 1-2 in.
Ann. June and July. Pink. E. B. 1. 531. E. B. 2. 225. H.
Am. 333. Bab. 269. Lind. 183.

Genus 9. Samolus.

S. Valerandi. Brook-weed. Fig. 1006.

Stem erect, rather succulent. Leaves alternate, blunt. Flowers in
clusters, with a bract on each pedicel. Watery places. 1 ft. Perenn.
June-Aug. White. (|) E.B. 1.703. E.B. 2.323. H. Am. 344.
Bab. 269. Lind. 185.

Order LXYI. PLUMBAGINACE^E.

Genus 1. Armeria.

A. maritima. Sea Thrift. Fig. 1007.

Leaves linear. Flowers in a dense round head. Sea cliffs ; common.
6-8 in. Perenn. June-Aug. Pink. (|) E. B. 1. 226. E. B.
2.450. H.fy Arn. 344. Bab. 271. Lind. 170.

Genus 2. Statice.

S. Limonium. Sea Lavender. Fig. 1008.

Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, glaucous. Panicles corymbose. Sea-coast.

6 in.— 1 ^ ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Purplish-blue. (•§•) E.B. 1.102.
E.B. 2.45\. H.fyArn.345. Bab. 270. Lind. 170.

S. spathulata. Narrow-leaved Sea Lavender. Fig. 1009.

Leaves spathulate, glaucous. Panicles distichous. Sea-coasts. 6-
10 in. Perenn. Aug. Purplish-blue, (f) E. B. Supp. 2663.
E. B. 2. 451*. H. Arn. 346. Bab. 270.° Lind. 330.

S. reticulata. Matted Sea Lavender. Fig. 1010.

Leaves spathulate. Panicles much divided, the branches crossing
each other. Stems prostrate. Coast of Norfolk. 6 in. Perenn.
July and Aug. Purplish-blue, (f) E. B. 1. 328. E. B. 2. 452.
H. fy Arn. 346. Bab. 271. Lind. 1/1.

102

Order LXVII. PLANTAGINACE^E.

Genus 1. Plantago.

P. major. Greater Plantain. Fig. 1011.

Leaves broadly ovate, with longish foot-stalks. A common weed.
2-10 in. Perenn. June-Aug. Pinkish. (|) E. B. 1. 1558.
E. B. 2. 220. H. Arn. 347. Bab. 273. Lin ’d. 169.

P. media. Hoary Plantain. Fig. 1012

Leaves broadly ovate, nearly sessile, downy. Chalk hills. 4-6 in.
Perenn. June— Aug. Pinkish, (g) E. B. 1. 1559. E. B. 2. 221.
II. Arn. 348. Bab. 2/3. Lind. 169.

P. LANCEOLATA. Ribwort. Fig. 1013.

Leaves lanceolate, long. Spike ovate. Stalks angular. A common
weed in pastures. 10 in.-l £ ft. Perenn. June. Pinkish. (^)

E. B. 1. 507. E. B. 2. 222. H. Arn. 348. Bub. 2/2. Lind. 169.
P. maritima. Sea Plantain. Fig. 1014.

Leaves linear, fleshy, channelled. Stalks round. Muddy sea-coasts.
4 in.-l ft. Perenn. June-Aug. Pinkish. (|) E. B. 1. 175.
E.B. 2. 223. H. fy Arn. 348. Bab. 272. Lind. 169.

P. Coronopus. Buck' s-horn Plantain. Fig. 1015.

Leaves linear, pinnatifid. Dry places ; common. 2-4 in. Ann.
June— Aug. Pinkish. (^) E.B. 1.892. E.B. 2. 224. II. Arn. 348.
Bab. 272. Lind. 169.

Genus 2. Littorella.

L. lacustris. Shore-weed. Fig. 1016.

Leaves linear, fleshy, somewhat channelled. Flowers monoecious.
Margins of pools. 2-4 in. Perenn. June. Yellowish. (§) E. B.
1.468. E.B. 2.1304. H.^f Arn. 349. Bab. 273. Lind. 170.

Order LXVIII. AMARANTHACEiE.

Genus 1. Amaranthus.

A. Blittjm. Wild Amaranth. Fig. 1017.

Stem spreading. Leaves ovate, obtuse. Flowers 3-cleft, in small

lateral tufts. Waste places. 8 in.-l ft. Ann. Aug. Green. (§)
E.B. 1.2212. E.B. 2. 1311. 'll. fy Arn. 352. Bab. 274. Lind. 213.

Order LXIX. CIIENOPODIACEiE.

Genus 1. Beta.

B. maritima. Beet. Fig. 1018

Stems procumbent. Flowers in pairs. Muddy sea-shores. The

origin of the Beet and Mangel Wurzel. 3-4 ft. Perenn.? June-Sept.
Green, (f) E.B. 1.285. E.B. 2. 363. II. ^ Arn. 353. Bab. 277.
Lind. 216.

Genus 2. Chenopodium.

C. fruticosum. Shrubby Goosefoot. Fig. 1019.

Erect, shrubby. Leaves semicylindrical, blunt. Bracts 3. Southern

coasts; rare. 3 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Yellowish, (f)
E. B. 1 . 635. E.B. 2.349. II. Arn. 361. Bab. 275. Lind. 216.
C. maritimum. Sea Goosefoot. Fig. 1020.

Stem herbaceous, erect. Leaves semicylindrical, pointed. Bracts 2.
Sea-shores. 1 ft. Ann. July. Yellowish. (^) E.B. 1. 633.
E. B. 2. 350. H. §’ Arn. 361. Bab. 2 75. Lind. 216.

103

C. olidum. Stinking Goosefoot. Fig. 1021.

Leaves ovate, somewhat rhomboid, entire. Flowers in dense clustered
spikes. Waste places and sea-coast. 8-10 in. Ann. Aug. Green.
(|) E. B. 1. 1034. E. B. 2. 351. H. Am. 354. Bab. 275.
Lind. 216.

C. polyspermum. Bound-leaved Goosefoot. Fig. 1022.

Leaves ovate, obtuse, entire. Stem prostrate. Clusters cymose.
Waste ground. 6 in. Ann. Aug. Green, (f) E. B. 1. 1480.
E. B. 2. 352. H. Am. 354. Bab. 276. Lind. 216.

C. acuti folium. Sharp-leaved Goosefoot. Fig. 1023.

Leaves ovate, acute, entire. Stem erect. Clusters spiked, elongated.
Waste ground. 8 in.-l ft. Ann. Aug. Green. (§) E.B. 1.1481.
E.B. 2.353. H. ^ Am. 354. Bab. 276. Lind. 216.

C. Bonus-Henricus. Wild Spinach. Fig. 1024.

Leaves triangular, sagittate, entire. Spikes compound, leafless. Waste
places. 1 ft. Perenn. May-Aug. Green, (f) E. B. 1. 1033.
E. B. 2. 354. H. ^ Am. 356. Bab. 2 77. Lind. 215.

C. urbicum. Upright Goosefoot. Fig. 1025.

Leaves triangular, toothed. Spikes long, interrupted. Dunghills and
waste ground ; common. 1 ft. Ann. Aug. and Sept. Green, (f)
E.B.l. 717. E. B. 2. 355. H. Am. 354. Bab. 2 76. Lind. 215.

C. rubrum. Bed Goosefoot. Fig. 1026.

Leaves triangular, deeply toothed and waved. Clusters upright,
leafy. Waste ground. 1-3 ft. Ann. Reddish. (§) E.B. 1.1721.
E. B. 2. 356. H. Am. 35 6. Bab. 2 77. Lind. 215.

C. botryoides. Clustered Goosefoot. Fig. 1027.

Leaves triangular, somewhat toothed. Spikes upright, clustered,
leafy. Sandy places ; rare. 1 ft. Ann. Sept. Reddish. (§) E. B.
1.2247. E.B. 2. 357. H.fyArn. 356. Bab. 277. Lind. 215.

C. murale. Nettle-leaved Goosefoot. Fig. 1028.

Leaves ovate, nearly rhomboidal, acute, toothed, shining. Clusters
cymose, leafless. Waste ground; very common. 1 ft. Ann. Aug.
and Sept. Green. (§) E.B. 1.1722. E. B. 2. 358. H.fy Am. 355.
Bab. 2 76. Lind. 215.

C. hybridum. Maple-leaved Goosefoot. Fig. 1029.

Leaves heart-shaped, pointed, with angular teeth. Clusters cymose,
leafless, divaricated. Moist places ; local. 1 ft. Ann. Aug. Green.
(|) E.B. 1.1919. E.B. 2.359. H.fyArn. 355. Bab. 276. Lind. 215.

C. album. White Goosefoot. Fig. 1030.

Leaves ovate-rhomboid, sinuated, jagged, mealy ; upper ones entire.
A common weed. 1ft. Ann. May-Oct. Green, (f) E. B. 1. 1723.
E. B. 2. 360. H. Am. 355. Bab. 2 76. Lind. 215.

10-1

C. ficifolium. Fig-leaved Goosefoot. Fig. 1031.

Leaves sinuated, somewhat hastate, jagged ; upper ones entire. Waste
ground and fields. 1 ft. Ann. Aug. Green. (§■) E.B. 1.1724.
E.B. 2.361. H.^ Am. 355. Bab. 2/6. Lind. 215.

C. glaxjcum. Oak-leaved Goosefoot. Fig. 1032.

Leaves all oblong, with a waved edge, glaucous. Sandy places.
6 in.— 2 ft. Ann. Aug. Green. E.B. 1. 1454. E. B. 2. 362.

H. ^ Am. 356. Bab. 277. Lind. 215.

Genus 3. Atriplex.

. A. porttjeacoides. Shrubby Orache. Sea Purslane. Fig. 1033.

Stem rather shrubby. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, silvery. Sea¬
shores. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Yellowish, (f) E. B.
1. 261. E. B. 2. 1401. E. Am. 357. Bab. 280. Lind. 216.

A. laciniata. Frosted Sea Orache. Fig. 1034.

Stem herbaceous, spreading. Leaves ovate, toothed and serrated,
very mealy beneath. Sandy shores. 6-8 in. Ann. July. Greenish-
yellow. (*§) E. B.l. 165. E.B. 2.1402. H. Am. 357. Bab. 280.
Lind. 217.

A. patula. Spreading Orache. Fig. 1035.

Leaves triangular, hastate, irregularly toothed and lobed. Dunghills
and waste places. 1 ft. Ann. Julv. Reddish. (|-) E.B. 1. 936.
E. B. 2. 1403. H. Am. 358. Bab. 279. Lind. 21 7.

A. angustifolia. Narrow-leaved Orache. Fig. 1036.

Stem herbaceous, spreading. Leaves lanceolate, entire ; the lower ones
3-lobed. Waste ground. 1-3 ft. Ann. July. Green. (^) E.B.
1.1774. E. B. 2. 1404. H.fyArn.35 9. Bab. 278. Lind. 217.

A. erecta. Spear-leaved Orache. Fig. 1037.

Stem erect. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Calyx of the fruit with sharp
tubercles. Waste ground ; rare. 1-2 ft. Ann. Aug. Green. (|)
E. B. 1. 2223. E. B. 2. 1405. H.fyArn.3 59. Bab.279. Lind.2\7.

A. littoralis. Grass-leaved Orache. Fig. 1033.

Stem erect. Leaves linear, entire or toothed. Calyx sinuated.
Salt-marshes. 2 ft. Ann. July-Sept. Green, (f) E.B. 1.708.
E. B. 2. 1406. H. Am. 359. Bab. 2 78. Lind. 21 7.

A. pedunculata. Marsh Orache. Fig. 1039.

Stem zigzag. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire. Seed-bearing flowers
stalked. 6 in.-l ft. Ann. July-Sept. Green. (4) E.B. 1. 232.
E.B. 2. 1407. H. fyAm. 357. Bab. 280. Lind.2\7.

A. DELTOIDEA. Triangular-leaved Orache. Fig. 1040.

Stems prostrate or ascending. Lower leaves triangular-hastate.
Spikes in a branched many-flowered panicle. Waste ground. 1 ft.
Ann. July-Oct. Reddish, (f) E.B.Supp. 2860. H.fy Am. 358.
Bab.279.

/08/

SOSO

106

P. Rayii. Ray's Knot-yruss. Fig. 1051.

Stem procumbent. Leaves lanceolate, flat. Flowers axillary. Fruit
smooth and shining. A variety of aviculare ? Sea-shores. 6-10 in.
Ann. July-Nov. Pink, (f) E. B. Supp. 2805. H. fy Am. 364.
Bab. 285. Lind. 232.

P. maritimum. Sea Knot-grass. Fig. 1052.

Stem procumbent, woody below. Joints very short. Leaves lan¬
ceolate, with revolute margins. Stipules as long as the joints. Sandy
shores. 4-6 in. Perenn. July-Nov. Pinkish, (f) E. B. Supp. 2804.
U.fyArn. 364. Bab. 286. Lind. 212.

P. Fagopyrum. Buckwheat. Fig. 1053.

Leaves cordate-sagittate. Stem nearly upright. Flowers in cymose
panicles. Fields; naturalized. Seeds edible. 1 ft. Ann. July-
Sept. Pink, (f) E.B. 1. 1044. E. B. 2. 574. H. Am. 305.
Bab. 286. Lind. 212.

P. Convolvulus. Black Bindweed. Climbing Buckwheat. Fig. 1054.
Stem twining, angular. Leaves cordate-sagittate. Flowers in
axillary leafy spikes. Fruit striated with minute points. A common
weed. 1-6 ft. Ann. June-Sept. Greenish. (^) E. B. 1. 941.
E.B. 2. 575. H. fy Am. 365. Bab. 286. Lind. 212.

P. dumetorum. Copse Buckwheat. Fig. 1055.

Leaves cordate-sagittate. Stems twining. Flowers in racemes.
Fruit quite smooth, covered by the winged calyx. Woods. 4-6 ft.
Ann. Aug.-Oct. Greenish. (|) E. B. Supp. 281 1. H.fy Am. 365.
Bab. 286. Lind. 212.

P. amphibium. Heater Persicaria. Water Bistort. Fig. 1056.
Root creeping. Flowers in dense ovate spikes. Leaves, when
floating, broad, ovate-oblong ; when not in water, lanceolate, with short
hairs. Ponds and wet places. Perenn. July and Aug. Rose-colour,
(f) E. B. 1. 436. E. B. 2. 566. H. £ Am. 366. Bab. 284.
Lind. 211.

P. Persicaria. Spotted Persicaria. Fig. 1057.

Leaves lanceolate, nearly sessile, often with a dark spot in the
middle. Spikes oblong-cylindrical, on smooth stalks. Stipules fringed.
Styles united to the middle. Moist ground ; common. 1—2 ft. Ann.
July-Oct. Pinkish, (f) E.B. 1.756. E.B. 2. 567* H. fy Am. 366.
Bab. 284. Lind. 211.

P. laxum. Slender -headed Persicaria. Fig. 1058.

Leaves lanceolate, with short stalks. Stipules fringed. Spikes on
rough glandular stalks ; sometimes very slender. A variety of Persicaria.
1-2 ft. Ann. July-Sept. Pinkish. (£) E. B. Supp. 2822.
H. Am. 366. Bab. 284. Lind. 332.

P. lapath i folium. Pale-flowered Persicaria. Fig. 1059.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, on short stalks. Stipules not fringed. Spikes
on rough stalks. Styles distinct. Dunghills and waste ground ; com¬
mon. 1-2 ft. Ann. July and Aug. Greenish. (§) £'.£.1.1382.
E. B. 2. 568. H. ^ Am. 366. Bab. 284. Lind. 212.

P. mite. Lax-flowered Persicaria. Fig. 1060.

Leaves lanceolate, with short stalks. Stipules hairy. Spikes very
slender and interrupted. Styles united to the middle. Waste ground.
1-2 ft. Ann. Aug. Pink. (§) E. B. Supp. 2867 . LI. ^ Am. 366.
Bab, 285. Lind. 332.

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107

P. minus. Small Creeping Persicaria. Hlg. 1061.

Procumbent. Leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly sessile. Spikes slender,
upright. Style undivided. Wet places; common. 6-10 in. Ann.
July-Sept. 'Pinkish, (f) E. B. 1. 1043. E. B. 2.5/0. H. $•
Aim. 367. Bab. 285. Lind. 213.

P. Hydropiper. Biting Persicaria. Fig. 1062.

Leaves lanceolate, waved. Spikes slender, drooping. Stipules fringed.
Watery places; common. 1-3 ft. Ann. Aug. and Sept. Pink.
(|) E. B. 1. 989. E. B. 2. 569. H. Am. 367. Bab. 285. Lind. 212.

Genus 2. Rumex.

R. Hydrolapathum. Great Water Bock. Fig. 1063.

Leaves lanceolate, acute ; lower ones rather cordate at the base.
Clusters crowded. Enlarged sepals ovate-triangular, all tubercled. Ditches.
3-5 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Green. (§) E. B. 1. 2104.
E. B. 2. 528. H.^ Am. 3 67. Bab. 282. Lind. 211.

R. crispus. Curled Bock. Fig. 1064.

Leaves lanceolate, waved. Upper whorls leafless. Enlarged sepals
cordate, acute ; one tubercled. A common weed. 2-3 ft. Perenn.
June-Aug. Greenish. (§) E. B. 1. 1998. E. B. 2. 523. H. fy
Am. 367 . Bab. 283. Lind. 211.

R. pratensis. Meadow Bock. Fig. 1065.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, wavy. Enlarged sepals unequal, toothed
at the base, with entire triangular point. Meadows ; rare. 2-3 ft.
Perenn. June and July. Pinkish. (§) E. B. Supp. 2757. E. B.
2.523*. II. Am. 368. Bab. 282. Lind. 332.

R. obtusifolius. Broad-leaved Bock. Fig. 1066.

Root-leaves ovate-cordate, obtuse. Enlarged sepals oblong-ovate,
toothed at the base, with an oblong point. A common weed. 1-2 ft.
Perenn. July. Yellowish. (§) E. B. 1. 1999. E. B. 2. 524.
H. fy Am. 368. Bab. 282. Lind. 210.

R. aciuaticus. Grainless Water Bock. Fig. 1067.

Leaves lanceolate ; lower ones cordate-oblong, crisped and waved.
Enlarged sepals broadly cordate, without tubercles. Wet places.
2-3 ft. Perenn. July. Green, (f) E. B. Supp. 2698. E.B. 2.523*.
H. fy Am. 368. Bab. 282. Lind. 332.

R. alpinus. Monk's Rhubarb. Fig. 1068.

Leaves broadly cordate, very obtuse ; upper ones ovate-lanceolate.
Clusters rather crowded, leafless. Enlarged sepals cordate. 3-4 ft.
Perenn. July. Green. (|-) E. B. Supp. 2694. E. B. 2. 524.
H. Am. 368. Bab. 283. Lind. 332.

R. sanguineus. Red-veined Bock. Fig. 1069.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, generally with red veins. Enlarged sepals
oblong, entire. Whorls distant, leafless. Woods and way-sides.
2-3 ft. Perenn. July. Yellowish. (§) E.B.l. 1533. E.B. 2.521.
II. fyArn. 369. Bub. 2 81. Lind. 210.

R. acutus. Sharp Bock. Fig. 1070.

Lower leaves cordate-oblong, pointed ; upper lanceolate. Enlarged
sepals linear-oblong, obtuse. Whorls distant, leafy. Wet places ;
common. 1-3 ft. Perenn. July. Yellowish. (■§■) E. B. 1. 724.
E.B. 2. 522. H.fy Am. 369. Bab. 281. Lind. 210.

p 2

103

R. pulcher. Fiddle Dock. Fig. 1071.

Lower leaves fiddle-shaped. Whorls leafy. Enlarged sepals tri¬
angular-ovate. Waste ground. 1-2 ft. Perenn. Aug. Yellow, (f)
E. B. 1. 1576. E.B. 2.525. II. Am. 369. Bab. 281. ZtW.210.

R. maritimus. Golden Dock. Fig. 1072.

Lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, not waved ; upper linear-lanceolate.
Clusters very dense, axillary. Enlarged sepals with 4 bristly teeth.
Marshes. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Bright yellow, (f)
E. B. 1. 725. E. B. 2. 527. H. Am. 369. Bab. 281. Lind. 209.

R. falustris. Marsh Dock. Fig. 1073.

Leaves linear-lanceolate. Clusters distant, axillary. Enlarged sepals
lanceolate, with 3 short teeth on each side. Marshes. 2 ft. Perenn.
Julv. Greenish. (^) E.B. 1. 1932. E. B. 2. 526. H. fy Am. 369.
Bab. 281. Lind. 210.

R. Acetosa. Sorrel. Fig. 1074.

Leaves oblong sagittate. Flowers dioecious. Leaves acid. Meadows ;
abundant. 1-2 ft. Perenn. May-July. Red. (§) E.B. 1.127*
E. B. 2. 529. H. fy Am. 370. Bab. 283. Lind. 2 i 1 .

R. Acetosella. Sheep's Sorrel. Fig. 1075.

Lower leaves hastate. Flowers dioecious. Leaves acid. Heaths ;
abundant. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. June-Aug. Red or yellowish. (£)
E. B. 1. 1674. E. B. 2. 530. H.^Arn. 370. Bab. 283. Lind. 2 11.

Genus 3. Oxyria.

O. reniformis. Mountain Sorrel. Fig. 1076.

Stems nearly leafless. Leaves kidney-shaped. Mountains. Leaves
acid. 6-8 in. Perenn. June and July. Greenish ; red when in fruit,
(f) E.B. 1.910. E.B. 2. 520. H. ^ Am. 370. Bab. 283. Lind. 211.

Order LXXII. THYMELACE^E.

Genus 1. Daphne.

D. Mezereum. Mezereon. Fig. 1077.

A shrub. Leaves lanceolate, deciduous. Flowers sessile, usually 3
together. Woods. 4-8 ft. March. Pink ; berries scarlet, (f) E. B.
1.1381. E.B. 2.564. H.^-Arn. 371. Bab. 287. Lind. 209.

D. Laureola. Spurge-Laurel. Fig. 1078.

A shrub. Leaves broadly lanceolate, evergreen. Flowers in axillary
racemes. Woods. 2-8 ft. March. Yellowish green ; berries black,
(f) E.B. 1. 119. E.B. 2.567. H. ^ Am. 371. Bab. 287. Lind. 209.

Order LXXIII. SANTALACE^.

Genus 1. Thesiuri.

T. linophyllum. Flax-leaved Toad-flax. Fig. 1079.

Stems ascending. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Bracts in threes. Chalky
pastures. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. May-July. (|) E. B. 1. 247.
E. B. 2. 347. H. f Am. 372. Bab. 288. Lind. 208.

Order LXXIV. ARISTOLOCHIACE^E.

Genus 1. Aristolochia.

A. Clematitis. Birthwort. Fig. 1080.

Stems numerous, erect. Leaves cordate. Ruins and thickets ;
naturalized. 2-4 ft. Perenn. July-Sept. Pale yellow. (§) E. B
1. 398. E. B. 2. 1225. II. ^ Am. 373. Bab. 288. Lind. 225.

109

Genus 2. Asarum.

A. europium. Asarabacca. Fig. 1081.

Stems creeping and rooting. Leaves kidney- shaped, in pairs. Sepals
recurved. Mountain woods. Emetic. 2-4 in. Perenn. May. Brown.
(|) E. B. 1. 1083. E.B. 2.681. H.fyArn.37 4. Bab. 289. 'Lind. 225.

Order LXXY. EMPETRACE^E.

Genus 1. Empetrum.

E. nigrum. Crow-berry . Crake-berry. Fig. 1082.

A trailing shrub. Leaves linear-oblong, the margins meeting beneath.
Bogs. 4-6 in. Perenn. April-June. Purplish ; berries black, (f )
E.B. 1.526. E.B. 2.1384. H. fy Am. 375. Bab. 289. Lind. 224.

Order LXXVI. EUPHORBIACE.E.

Genus 1. Mercurialis.

M. perennis. Mercury. Fig. 1083.

Stem simple. Leaves rough. Fertile flowers on long stalks. Woods
and thickets; common. 1-2 ft. Perenn. April and May. Green. (|)
E. B. 1. 1872. E. B. 2. 1396. H. Am. 3/6. Bab. 292. Lind. 223.
M. annua. Annual Mercury. Fig. 1084.

Stem branched. Leaves smooth and shining. Fertile flowers axillary,
2 together. Waste ground. 1 ft. Ann. Aug. Green. (|^) E. B.
1. 559. E. B. 2. 1397. H. Am. 3 76. Bab. 292. Lind. 223.

M. ambigua. Fig. 1085.

Stem branched. All the flowers in axillary whorls. A variety of
annua. Waste ground. 1 ft. Ann. July. Green, (f) E. B.
Supp. 2816. E.B. 2. 1397*. II.fyArn.376. Bab. 292.'

Genus 2. Euphorbia.

E. Peplis. Purple Spurge. Fig. 1086.

Stem procumbent, forked. Leaves oblong, semi-cordate at the base.
Plant glaucous. Sandy shores. 2-6 in. Ann. July-Sept. Reddish.
(|) E.B. 1.2002. E.B.2. 1226. H.fyArn. 376. Bab. 290. Lind. 220.

E. Helioscopia. Sun- Spurge. Wart-weed. Fig. 1087.

Umbel 5-cleft. Leaves bright green, obovate, somewhat cuneate,
serrated towards the end. Capsules smooth. A common weed. 6-10 in.
Ann. July and Aug. Yellowish green. (£) E.B. 1. 883. E. B.
2.1227. H. Am. 377. Bab. 291. Lind. 221.

E. platyphylla. Broad-leaved Spurge. Fig. 1088.

Leaves obovate-lanceolate. Umbel usually 5* cleft. Bracts cordate.
Capsules warted. Fields. 1-2 ft. Ann. june-Oct. Glands yellow.
(|) E.B. 1.333. E.B. 2.1229. H.fyArn.377. Bab. 290. Lind. 221.
E. hiberna. Irish Spurge. Fig. 1089.

Leaves and bracts elliptical, hairy beneath. Umbel 5-6-cleft.
Capsules warted. Thickets. 1-2 ft. Perenn. May and June. Green ;
glands purple. (|) E.B. 1. 1337. E.B. 2.1228. II. fy Am. 377.
Bab. 290. Lind. 221.

E. pilosa. Hairy Spurge. Fig. 1090.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, hairy beneath. Bracts elliptical. Umbel
5-cleft. Capsules hairy. Woods near Bath; naturalized? 2 ft.
Perenn. June. Yellowish green ; glands yellow. (|) E. B. Supp. 2787.
E. B. 2. 1229*. H. Am. 378. Bab. 291. Lind. 333.

110

E. cora llo ides. Coral Spurge. Fig. 1091.

Leaves broadly lanceolate, downy. Bracts ovate-oblong or ovate,
hairy. Umbel 5-cleft. Capsules nearly smooth, woolly. Hedges in
Sussex. 1-2 ft. Bienn.? July. Greenish yellow; glands yellow.
Capsules reddish. (|) E. B. Supp. 2837. E. B. 2. 1229*. H.
Am. 378. Bab. 291.

E. Esula. Leafy-branched Spurge. Fig. 1092.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate. Bracts cordate. Umbel manv-cleft.
Glands of involucrum with 2 horns. Shady woods. 8 in.-l ft. Perenn.
July. Greenish, (f) £. 1. 1399. E. B. 2. 1230. H.fyArn.378.

Bab. 291. Lind. 221.

E. Cyparissias. Cypress Spurge. Fig. 1093.

Leaves linear, glaucous. Stems tufted, much branched. Umbel
many-cleft. Thickets; local. 1-1 1 ft. Perenn. June and July.

"Yellowish, (g) E. B. 1. 840. E. B. 2. 1231. H. fy Am. 3/8.

Bab. 291. Lind. 221.

E. Paralias. Sea Spurge. Fig. 1094.

Leaves imbricated, glaucous ; lower obovate-lanceolate, upper linear-
lanceolate. Umbel 5-cleft. Capsules wrinkled. 1 ft. Perenn. Aug.
and Sept. Greenish; glands orange, (g) E. B. 1.195. E.B.
2.1232. H. Am. 379. Bab. 291. Lind. 222.

E. portlandica. Portland Spurge. Fig. 1095.

Leaves very glaucous, obovate-lanceolate. Stems red. Umbel 5-cleft.
Glands of involucrum with 2 long horns. Capsules rough at the angles.
Southern coast. 6 in.-2 ft. Perenn. Aug. and Sept. Yellowish ;
glands deep orange, (g) E.B. 1.441. E. B. 2. 1233. H.fyAm.379.
Bab. 292. Lind. 222.

E. Peplus. Petty Spurge. Fig. 1096.

Leaves broadly obovate, tapering to a petiole. Umbel 3-cleft. A
common weed. 4 in.-l ft. Ann. June-Nov. Greenish ; glands
yellow, (f) E. B.\. 959. E.B. 2.1235. H.fyArn. 379. Bab. 292.
Lind. 222.

E. exigua. Dwarf Spurge. Fig. 1097.

Leaves and bracts rather rigid, lanceolate, acute. Umbel 3-cleft.
Glands with 2 long horns. Corn-fields. 5-6 in. Ann. July.
Greenish. (§) E. B. 1. 1336. E. B. 2. 1234. H. Am. 379.
Bab. 292. Lind. 222.

E. Lathyris. Caper Spurge. Fig. 1098.

Leaves oblong lanceolate, cordate at the base, glaucous. Bracts cor¬
date. Umbel 4-cleft. Capsules smooth. Thickets. 1-2 ft. Bienn.
July. Greenish. (|) tf.JL 1.2255. E.B.2.W3S. H.^ Am. 379.
Bab. 292. Lind. 222.

E. amygdaloides. Wood Spurge. Fig. 1099.

Leaves broadly lanceolate, tapering at the base, hairy beneath.
Bracts perfoliate. Umbel about 6-cleft, with scattered peduncles below.
Capsules dotted. Woods; common. 2-4 ft. Perenn. April-June.
Yellowish; glands bright yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 256. E. B. 2. 1237.
JI.fyAm. 380. Bab. 291. Lind. 223.

E. Characias. Shrubby Spurge. Fig. 1100.

Plant shrubby. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Bracts connate. Umbel
many-cleft. Capsules woolly when young. Bushy places ; not native.
3-4 ft. Perenn. March. Greenish; glands purple, (g) E.B.
1. 442. E. B. 2. 1238. H.fyArn. 380. Lind. 223.

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Genus 3. Buxus.

B. SEMPERVIRENS. Box. Fig. 1101.

An evergreen shrub. Leaves oblong-ovate, convex, glossy. Chalk

bills; local. 3-15 ft. April. Yellowish. (%) E. B. 1. 1341.
E. B. 2. 1306. H. Am. 380. Bab. 290. Lind. 223.

Order LXXYII. CALLITRICHACE^.

Genus 1. Callitriche.

C. verna. Spring Water Starwort. Fig. 1102.

Upper leaves floating in a star-like tuft, oval-lanceolate. Lobes of

capsule bluntly keeled. Ann. Pools ; common. April-Oct. (^)
E.B. 1. 722. E. B. 2. 1239. H. Am. 381. Bab. 293. Lind. 243.
C. PLATYCARPA. Fig. 1103.

Fruit with the lobes slightly winged. A variety of verna. Pools
and ditches. Ann. April-Oct. (§) E. B. Supp. 2864. H.
Am. 381. Bab. 293. Lind. 243.

C. pedunctilata. Stalked Water Starwort. Fig. 1104.

Leaves all submerged, linear. Fruit-bearing peduncles long. Lobes
of capsules bluntly keeled. Pools. Ann. June-Oct. (§) E. B.
Supp. 2606. E. B. 2. 1239*. H.^ Am. 381. Bab. 293. Lind. 243.
C. autumnalis. Autumnal Water Starwort. Fig. 1105.

Leaves all submerged, linear, notched at the apex. Lobes of fruit
broadly winged. Pools and ditches. Ann. June-Oct. (f) E. B.
Supp. 2732. E. B. 2. 1239**. H. Am. 381. Bab. 294. Lind. 243.

Order LXXVIII. CERATOPHYLLACEtE.

Genus 1. Ceratophyllum.

C. demersum. Spiny-fruited Hornwort. Fig. 1106.

Stems submerged. Leaves in narrow segments, densely whorled.
Fruit with 2 spines. Pools. Perenn. July and Aug. (§) E. B.
1. 947. E.B. 2. 1314. H.^ Am. 382. Bab. 293. Lind. 225.

C. submersum. Hornwort. Fig. 1107.

Stems submerged. Leaves in more distant whorls. Sepals entire.
Fruit without spines. Pools. Perenn. Sept. (f) E.B.1.579. E.B.
2.1315. H. fy Am. 382. Bab. 293. Lind. Tib.

Order LXXIX. URTICACEtE.

Genus 1. Urtica.

U. pilulifera. Roman Nettle. Fig. 1108.

Leaves opposite, ovate, serrated, with stinging hairs. Fertile flowers
in globular heads. Waste ground. 1-2 ft. Ann. June and July.
Green, (f) E. B. 1. 148. E. B. 2. 1307. H. Am. 384.
Bab. 295. Lind. 219.

U. urens. Small Nettle. Fig. 1109.

Leaves elliptical, with stinging hairs. Flowers in loose racemes.
Waste ground ; common. 8 in.-l ft. Ann. June-Oct. Green, (f)
E. B. 1. 1236. E. B. 2. 1308. H.^Arn.Z 84. Bab. 295. Lind. 219.
U. dioica. Common Nettle. Fig. 1110.

Leaves cordate, with stinging hairs. Flowers in much-branched
axillary clusters; usually dioecious. Way-sides; abundant. 2-4 ft.
Perenn. July and Aug. Green. (|) E. B. 1. 1750. E. B. 2. 1309.
H. Am. 38-i. Bab. 295. Lind. 219.

112

Genus 2. Parietaria.

P. officinalis. Pellitory. Fig. 1111.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Stems ascending. Involucrum 3-flowered.
Old walls. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June-Nov. Pink, (f) E.B. 1.879.
E.B. 2.229. H. Am. 384. Bab. 294. Lind. 218.

Genus 3. Humulus.

H. Lupulus. IIop. Fig. 1112.

A climbing dioecious plant. Barren flowers in panicles ; fertile ones
in axillary catkins. Hedges. Perenn. July. Greenish. (g) E.B.

1. 42 7. E. B. 2. 1389. H. Am. 386. Bab. 295. Lind. 219.

Order LXXX. ULMACEiE.

Genus 1. Ulmus.

U. campestris. Common Elm. Fig. 1113.

Leaves rhomboid-ovate. Fruit oblong, deeply cloven. Woods and
hedges. March and April. Purplish, (f) E. B. 1. 1886. E. B.

2. 365. H. Am. 386. Bab. 295. Lind. 226.

TJ. suberosa. Cork-barked Elm. Fig. 1114.

Leaves nearly orbicular. Flowers on short stalks. Fruit roundish,
cloven. Branches corky. Hedges. March. Purplish. (f) E. B.
1.2161. E.B. 2.366. H.ty-Arn.387. Bab. 295. Lind. 226.

U. major. Dutch Elm. Fig. 1115.

Leaves ovate. Flowers nearly sessile. Branches corky. A doubtful
native. March. Yellowish. (J) £.£.1.2542. E.B. 2. 367. H. fy-
Am. 387. Bab. 296? Lind. 226.

U. glabra. Smooth Elm. Fig. 1116

Branches smooth. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, very unequal at the base,
smooth. Fruit slightly cloven. Woods. March. Purplish. (§)
E.B. 1.2248. E.B. 2.369. H. fy Am. 387. Bab. 295. Lind. 226.
U. Montana. Wych Elm. Fig. 1117.

Leaves large, obovate, nearly equal at the base, coarsely serrated.
Branches drooping, smooth. Woods. March. Purplish. (■§■) E. B.
1. 1887. E. B. 2. 368. H. Am. 387. Bab. 296. Lind. 22 7.

Order LXXXI. ELiE AGN ACEiE.

Genus 1. Hippopha .

H. rhamnoides. Sallow Thom. Fig. 1118.

A dioecious shrub. Leaves linear-lanceolate, silvery white. Branches
ending in thorns. Sea-coasts. 4-10 ft. May. Berries orange. (§)
E. B. 1. 425. E. B. 2. 1387. H. Am. 388. Bab. 28 7. Lind. 208.

Order LXXXII. MYRICACE^E.

Genus 1. Myrica.

M. Gale. Sweet Gale. Fig. 1119.

A low shrub. Leaves lanceolate. Plant covered with white resinous
glands. Catkins with pointed scales. 2-4 ft. May. Yellowish red. (§)
E.B. 1.562. E. B. 2. 1388. H. Am. 389. Bab. 30 7- Lind. 242.

Order LXXXIII. BETULACE^.

Genus 1. Betula.

B. alba. White Birch. Fig. 1120.

Bark of trunk silvery white. Leaves ovate, acute. Flowers monoe¬
cious, in catkins. Woods. April and May. Greenish. (£) E. B.
1.2198. £'.£.2.1325. H.fyArn. 390. Bab. 307. Lind.229.

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113

B. nana. DwarJ Birch. Fig. 1121.

A low shrub. Leaves orbicular. Catkins erect. Highland mountains.
1-5 ft. May. Greenish. (g) E. B. 1. 2326. E. B. 2. 1326.
H. §• Am. 390. Bab. 208. Lind. 229.

Genus 2. Alnus.

A. glutinosa. Alder. Fig. 1122.

A tree. Leaves roundish, somewhat wedge-shaped, slightly lobed ;
sometimes deeply cut. Sterile catkins long ; fertile ones ovate. Moist
ground. March and April. Sterile catkins reddish. (£) E.B. 1.1508.
E.B. 2.1305. H. §• Am. 390. Bab. 308. Lind. 229.

Order LXXXIV. SALICACE.E.

Genus 1. Salix.

S. purpurea. Purple Willow. Fig. 1123.

Branches decumbent, purple. Leaves lanceolate, broadest above.
Stamen 1 . Stigmas very short, nearly sessile. 4-6 ft. Moist meadows.
March and April. Scales purplish. (g) E.B. 1.1388. E.B. 2.1330.
H. £ Am. 392. Bab. 299. Lind. 232.

S. Lambertiana. Fig. 1124.

Branches erect, purplish. Stamen 1. Stigmas short, ovate, notched.
A variety of Helixl Meadows. 4-18 ft. April. Scales purplish. (|)
E. B. 1 .1359. E.B. 2.1332. H. fy Am. 392. Bab. 299. Lind. 232.
S. WoOLGARIANA. Fig. 1125.

Branches erect, yellowish. Leaves cuneate-lanceolate. Stamen 1.
Stigmas short, obtuse, nearly sessile. A variety of Helixl Moist
ground. 6-20 ft. April. Scales purplish. (g) E. B. Supp. 2651.
E. B. 2. 1332*. H. Am. 392. Bab. 299. Lind. 232.

S. Helix. Rose Willow. Fig. 1126.

Branches erect, yellowish. Leaves lanceolate, broadest above. Sta¬
men 1. Style as long as stigmas. Moist ground. 8-20 ft. March.
Scales yellowish. (|) E. B. 1. 1343. E. B. 2. 1331. H.& Am. 393.
Bab. 299. Lind. 232.

S. Forbyana. Fig. 1127.

Branches erect, yellowish. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, glaucous be¬
neath, with small, downy stipules. Stamen 1 . Stigmas linear ; style
equal in length. Meadows. 6-20 ft. April. Scales purple, (g)
E.B. 1 . 1344. E. B. 2. 1333. H. ^ Am. 393. Bab. 300. Lind. 232.
S. rubra. Green-leaved Osier. Fig. 1128.

Branches slender, purplish. Leaves linear-lanceolate, grass-green.
Stamens 2, united. Meadows and osier-beds. 8-15 ft. April.
Scales purple, (g) E. B. 1. 1145. E. B. 2. 1334. H. fy Am. 393.
Bab. 300. Lind. 232.

S. triandra. Smooth Willow. Fig. 1129.

A tree with deciduous bark. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, smooth.
Stipules rounded. Stamens 3. Stigmas cloven, sessile. Wet woods
and osier-beds. 10-30 ft. May-Julv. Yellow, (g) E.B. 1.1435.
E. B. 2. 1336. H. Am. 394. * Bub. 299. Lind. 231.

S. Hoffmanniana. Fig. 1130.

Leaves short, lanceolate. Stipules large, ear-shaped. Stamens 3.

Stigmas nearly sessile. A variety of triandra ? Moist ground. 6-
12 ft. May. Yellow. (|) E. B. Supp. 2620. E. B. 2. 1336.
H. Am. 394. Bab. 299. Lind. 23 1 .

Q

114

S. amygdalina. Ahnoiul Willow. Fig. 1131.

Young branches furrowed. Leaves oblong-ovate. Stipules large.
Stamens 3. Stigmas sessile, notched. River-sides. 12-30 ft. Mav.
Yellowish. Q) E. B. 1. 1936. E. B. 2. 1337. II. Arn. 394.
Bub. 299. Lind. 231.

S. UNDULATA. Fig. 1132.

Leaves lanceolate, very long ; petioles decurrent. Stipules pointed.
Stamens 3. Stigmas linear, cloven ; style equal in length. A variety
o i triandrat Meadows. 8—1 2 ft. April. Yellow. (|) £.£.1.1436.
£.£.2.1335. II. & Am. 39 4. Bab. 298. Lind. 231.

S. pentandra. Sweet Willow. Fig. 1133.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with glandular serratures, fragrant. Stamens
5 or more. Capsule smooth. Stigmas nearly sessile. Banks of rivers.
10-20 ft. May and June. Yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 1805. E. B.
2. 1338. H. Arn. 394. Bab. 297. Lind. 231.

S. fragilis. Crack Willow. Fig. 1134.

A large tree. Young branches brittle at the joints. Leaves ovate-
lanceolate, serrated ; with glandular petioles. Stamens 2. Style shorter
than the stigmas. Marshy ground. April and May. Yellowish. (|)
E.B.l. 1807. E. B. 2. 1340. II. 5* Arn. 395. Bab. 298. Lind. 230.

S. Russelliana. Bedford. Willow. Fig. 1135.

A large tree. Leaves lanceolate, deeply and unequally serrated ; the
petioles glandular, sometimes leafy. Stamens 2. Style as long as the
divided stigmas. Marshy woods. April and May. Yellowish. (|)
E.B.l. 1808. E. B.2. 1341. H. Arn. 396. Bab. 298. Lind. 231.

S. decipiens. Varnished Willow. Fig. 1136.

Branches very smooth and glossy, brown. Leaves lanceolate, serrated.
Petioles glandular. Style longer than the stigmas. A variety of
fragilisl Moist woods. 15-20 ft. April. Yellowish. E. B.

I. 1937. E. B. 2. 1339. H. Arn. 396. Bab. 298. Lind. 230.

S. alba. White Willow. Fig. 1137.

A large tree. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, grey and silky on both sides.
Stamens 2. Scales of catkins short, rounded, downy. Stigmas nearly
sessile, recurved, bifid. Woods and wet places. May. Yellowish. (|)
£.15.1.2430. £.£.2.1342. H.fyArn. 396. Bab. 298. Lind. 231.

S. CjErulea. Blue Willow. Fig. 1138.

A slight variety of alba. Leaves less silky, sometimes nearly smooth.
Moist woods and river-sides. (|) £. B. 1. 2431. £. B. 2. 1342*.

II. Arn. 396. Bab. 298. Lind. 231.

S. vitellina. Yellow Willow. Golden Osier. Fig. 1139.

Branches bright yellow, somewhat pendent. Leaves lanceolate, silky
beneath, yellow-green. A variety of alba ? Moist woods and meadows.
10-30 ft. May. Yellowish. (|) £. B. 1. 1389. £. B. 2. 1343.
II. Arn. 397. Bab. 298. Lind. 231.

S. petiolaris. Fig. 1140.

Leaves lanceolate, glaucous beneath. Catkins lax. Capsules stalked.
Stamens 2. Stigmas divided, nearly sessile. Not native. 6-12 ft.
April. Green. (|) £.£.1.1147. £.£.2.1344. II. Arn. 397.
Bab. 299.

115

S. rosma rinifolt a. Rosemary-leaved Willow. Fig. 1141.

Leaves entire, linear-lanceolate, silky. Catkins recurved, lax, short,
hairy. Stamens 2. Stigmas linear, divided. Moist ground. 3 ft.
April. Scales black. (4) E. B. 1. 1365. E. B. 2. 1345. H. $*
Am. 397. Bab. 2, 03. Lind. 236.

S. angusti folia. Little Tree Willow. Fig. 1142.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, slightly toothed, glaucous beneath. Catkins
ovate, erect. Scales very hairy, as long as the capsule. Stamens 2.
Stigmas broad, entire. Highlands. 1-2 ft. April. Scales purple.
(A) E. B. 1. 1366. E. B. 2. 1346. H. Am. 398. Bab. 303.
Lind. 236.

S. Doniana. Fig. 1143.

Branches erect. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, slightly serrated, glaucous
beneath. Catkins erect, cylindrical. Stamens 2. A variety of pur¬
purea ? Scotland. 2-6 ft. May. Scales blackish. (|) E. B.
Supp. 2599. E. B. 2. 1346*. H.fyArn. 398. Bab. 303. Lind. 232.

S. fusca. Creeping Willow. Fig. 1144.

Stems procumbent. Leaves elliptical, somewhat downy, silky beneath.
Stamens 2. Stigmas bifid. Capsule silky, the pedicel very long. Heaths;
common. 6 in. -2 ft. April and May. Brownish. (§) 2L 1. 1960.
E. B. 2. 1347. H. Am. 399. Bab. 303. Lind. 236.

S. repens. Fig. 1145.

Stem depressed, with short upright branches. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate.
A variety of fusca. Heaths. 6 in.-l ft. April. Scales brownish.
(|) E. B. 1. 183. E. B. 2. 1348. H. Am. 399. Bab. 303.
Lind. 236.

S. PROSTRATA. Fig. 1146.

Stem prostrate, with straight, elongated branches. Leaves elliptic-
oblong. A variety of fusca. Heaths. 6 in. April and Mav.

Brownish. (|) E. B. 1. 1959. E. B. 2. 1349. H. ^ Am. 399.
Bab. 303. Lind. 236.

S. ascendens. Fig. 1147.

Stem recumbent. Leaves elliptical. A variety of fusca. Heaths.
6 in.-l ft. April and May. Scales purplish. (|) E. B. 1. 1962.
E. B. 2. 1 350. H. Am. 399. Bab. 303. Lind. 236.

S. PARVI FOLIA. Fig. 1148.

Stem recumbent. Leaves very small, elliptical. A variety o i fusca.
6-S in. April and May. Scales reddish. (|) E. B. 1. 1961.
E. B. 2. 1350*. H. Am. 399. Bab. 303. Lind. 236.

S. INCUBACEA. Fig. 1149.

Stem procumbent. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate. A variety of fusca.
6 in.-l ft. April and May. Scales greenish or brown. (|) E. B.
Supp. 2600. E. B. 2. 1350**. H. Am. 399. Bab. 304. Lind. 236.

S. ARGENTEA. Fig. 1150.

Stem erect or spreading. Leaves elliptical, with a recurved point,
very silvery beneath. A variety of fuscal Sandy sea-shores. 4 in.-
1 ft. April and May. Scales brown. (|) E. B. 1. 1364. E. B.
2.1351. H.fyArn. 399. Bab. 304. Lind. 236.

Q 2

116

S. AMBIGUA. Fig. 1151.

Leaves obovate, oval, or lanceolate, with a recurved point. Catkins
erect, cylindrical. Stamens 2. Capsules on long hairy pedicels. Heaths.
2-4 ft. May. Brownish. Q) E. B. Supp. 2733. E. B. 2. 1351*.
II. Am. 400. Bab. 304. Lind. 236.

S. reticulata. Net-leaved Willow. Fig. 1152.

Stems very short, tufted. Leaves orbicular or elliptical, reticulated
with veins, glaucous beneath. Catkins terminal. 1-4 in. June and
July. Reddish. (|) E. B. 1.1908. E.B. 2.1352. II. $ Am. 400.
Bab. 305. Lind. 238.

S. glauca. Downy Willow. Fig. 1153.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire, downy ; snow-white and cottony be¬
neath. Capsules sessile, ovate, downy. Stigmas sessile. Stamens 2.
Highlands. 1-3 ft. July. Scales black. (|) E. B. 1. 1809.
E.B. 2. 1354. H.ZfArn. 401. Bab. 304. Lind. 237.

S. ARENARIA. Fig. 1154.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, cottony beneath. Style as long as the
capsule. Stigmas linear. A variety of glauca. Highlands. 2-3 ft.
June. Scales blackish. Q) E.B. 1.1809. E. B. 2. 1354. H. $•
Arn.AOi. Bab. 304. Lind. 237.

S. Stuartiana. Fig. 1155.

' Leaves ovate-lanceolate, shaggy. Style as long as the capsule.
Stigmas hair-like, deeply divided. A variety of glauca. Highlands.
1-3 ft. July. Scales black. (|) E.B. 1. 2586.. E.B. 2. 1355.
H.fyArn. 401. Bab. 304. Lind. 237.

S. viminalis. Common Osier. Fig. 1156.

Branches straight, slender. Leaves linear-lanceolate, elongated,

white beneath, revolute, with small stipules. Capsules nearly sessile.
Style elongated. Stigmas linear, nearly entire. Stamens 2. Marshes.
10-20 ft. April and May. Scales brownish. (|) E.B. 1. 1898.
E.B. 2.1356. II. fy Am. 402. Bab. 300. Lind. 232.

S. STIPULARIS. Fig. 1157.

Leaves lanceolate, downy beneath, with large semicordate stipules.
Capsules with short pedicels. A variety of viminalis. Marshes.
10-20 ft. March. Scales brown. (|) E.B. 1.1214. E.B. 2. 1357.
II. fir Am. 402. Bab. 300. Lind. 233.

S. Smithiana. Fig. 1158.

Leaves lanceolate, whitish beneath ; with minute crescent-shaped sti¬
pules. Style short. Stigmas deeply cleft, linear. A variety of vimi¬
nalis ? 6-10 ft. April andMay. Scales brown. (|) E.B. 1.1509.
E.B. 2.1358. II. ^ Am. 4 02. Bab. 300. Lind. 233.

S. FERRUGINEA. Fig. 1159.

Leaves thin, lanceolate, slightly hairy, brownish when young. Sti¬

pules small, semiovate. Capsule stalked. Style as long as the oblong
stigmas. A variety of acuminatal Marshes. 6-12 ft. April.
Scales brown. (|) E. B. Supp. 2665. E. B. 2. 1358*. H.fyArn. 403.
Bab. 301. Lind. 233.

S. acuminata. Long-leaved Willow. Fig. 1160.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, wavy, glaucous and downy beneath ; stipules
kidney-shaped. Capsules stalked. Style as long as the blunt undivided
stigmas. Stamens 2. Woods. 10-20 ft. April. Scales purplish. (|)
E. B. 1. 1434. E. P. 2. 1 359. II. Am. 402. Bab. 301 . Lind. 233.

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117

S. cinerea. Grey Sallow. Fig. 1161.

Leaves obovate-lanceolate, glaucous above, downy and reticulated
beneath. Stipules large, semicordate. Style short. Stigmas entire.
Woods; common. 10-30 ft. April. Scales brown. (|) E. B.
1.1897. E. B. 2.1360. H. Am. 403. Bab. 301. Lind. 233.

S. aquatica. Water Sallow. Fig. 1162.

Leaves obovate-elliptical, rather downy. Stipules rounded, toothed.
Stigmas nearly sessile. A variety of cinerea. Wet woods. 10-30 ft.
April. Scales brown. (|) E. B. 1. 1437. E. B. 2. 1361. H.
Am. 403. Bab. 301. Lind. 233.

S. oleifolia. Fig. 1163.

Leaves obovate-lanceolate, glaucous and reticulated beneath. Sti¬
pules small, rounded. Catkins oval. A variety of cinerea. 10-20 ft.
March. Scales brown. (|) E. B. 1. 1402. E. B. 2. 1362. II.
Am. 403. Bab. 301. Lind. 233.

S. aurita. Bound-eared Sallow. Fig. 11G4.

Leaves obovate, wrinkled with veins, downy beneath, curved at the
point. Stipules large, rounded. Style short. Stigmas ovate. Thickets;
common. 4-12 ft. May. Scales brownish. (|) E. B. 1. 1487.
E. B. 2. 1363. II. fy Am. 403. Bab. 301. Lind. 234.

S. caprea. Great Sallow. Fig. 1165.

Leaves very broad, roundish ovate, downy beneath. Stipules semi¬
cordate. Stigmas nearly sessile, entire. Hedges and thickets ; common.
10-30 ft. April and May. Scales blackish. (|) E. B. 1. 1488.
E. B. 2. 1364. II. fy Am. 404. Bab. 301. Lind. 234.

S. SPHACELATA. Fig. 1166.

Leaves obovate, downy, discoloured at the point. Stipules semi¬
cordate. Stigmas notched, longer than the style. A variety of caprea.
Scotland. 6-10 ft. April and Mav. Scales brown, (g) E. B.
1.2333. E.B. 2. 1365. H. Am. 404. Bab. 301. Lind. 234.

S. cotini folia. Sumach-leaved Willoio. Fig. 1167.

Branches downy. Leaves broadly elliptical, nearly orbicular, glaucous.
Style bifid. Stigmas notched. A variety of nigricans l Woods.
2-6 ft. April and May. Scales brown. (|) E.B. 1. 1403. E. B.
2.1366. H.fyArn.4 04. Bab. 302. Lind. 235.

S. hirta. Hairy -branched Willoio. Fig. 1168.

Branches densely hairy. Leaves elliptical, somewhat heart-shaped,
downy. Stipules semicordate. A variety of nigricans. 6-12 ft.
April. Scales brown. (|) E.B. 1. 1404. E. B. 2. 1367. II. §-
Am. 404. Bab. 302. Lind. 235.

S. nigricans. BarJc-leaved Willow. Fig. 1169.

Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute, smooth, with a downy rib above,
glaucous beneath. Capsules downy. Woods. 10-12 ft. April.
Scales brown. (|) E.B. 1.1213. E.B. 2. 1368. H.fy'Arn. 404.
Bab. 302. Lind. 234.

S. Andersoniana. Green Mountain Sallow. Fig. 1170.

Branches minutely downy. Leaves elliptical, pale beneath. Stipules
semiovate. Capsules smooth. Style bifid at the extremity. Stigmas
cloven. 6-10 ft. May and June. Scales black. (£) E.B. 1.2343.
E. B. 2. 1369. H. $• Am. 405. Bab. 301. Lind. 234.

118

S. damascena. Damson-leaved Willow. Fig. 1171.

Yeung shoots densely hairy. Leaves ovate, nearly smooth, green on
both sides. Stipules semicordate. Capsules smooth. Scotland.
10-12 ft. April. Scales purplish. (|) E. B. Supp. 2709. E.B.
2.1369*. II. fy Am. 405. Bab. 302. Lind. 234.

S. Forsteriana. Glaucous Mountain Sallow. Fig. 1172.

Branches rather downy. Leaves elliptic-obovate, glaucous beneath.
Stipules convex. Stigmas notched. A variety of damascena. 6-12 ft.
May and June. Scales brownish. (^) E.B. 1.2344. E.B.2.Y670.
II. Am. 404. Bab. 302. Lind. 234.

S. rupestris. Rock Willow. Fig. 1173.

Stems trailing ; branches slightly downy. Leaves obovate, silky.
Capsule silky, stalked. Style as long as the entire stigmas. A variety
of nipricans ? 2-4 ft. May. Scales purplish. (|) E.B. 1.2342.

E. B. 2. 1371. H. fyArn. 405. Bab. 302. Lind. 234.

S. petr.5sa. Dark Rock Willow. Fig. 1174.

Stems erect ; branches hairy. Leaves oblong, reticulated with veins,
glaucous beneath. Stipules large, semicordate. Style divided. Stigmas
cloven. Scotland. 4-10 ft. May. Scales purplish. (|) E. B.
Supp. 2729. E.B. 2. 1371*. H. ^ Am. 404. Lind. 235.

S. PROPINQUA. Fig. 1175.

Stems erect ; shoots downy. Leaves elliptical. Stipules small, con¬
vex. Stigmas notched. A variety of petrcea ? 4-8 ft. May. Scales
purplish. (|) E.B. Supp. 2729. E. B. 2. 1371**. H.fyAm. 404.
Bab. 302. Lind. 235.

S. tenuior. Fig. 1176.

Leaves obovate-lanceolate, glaucous beneath, on slender petioles.
Stipules small-pointed. Catkins slender, lax. Style longer than the
stigmas. Scotland. 4-8 ft. May. Scales purplish. (|) E. B.

Supp. 2650. E. B. 2. 1371***. H. Am. 405. Bab. 302. Lind. 235.
S. laurina. Laurel-leaved Willow. Fig. 1177.

Leaves elliptic-oblong, waved, dark shining green, glaucous beneath.
Petioles dilated at the base. Stipules pointed. Capsules very downy.
"Woods. 6-16 ft. April and May. Scales purplish. (|) E. B.

1.1806. E.B. 2. 1372. H. Am. 405. Bab. 302. Lind. 235.
S. laxiflora. Loose- flowered Willow. Fig. 1178.

Stems erect. Leaves broadly obovate, narrowed below. Stipules
small, concave. Catkins loose. Stigmas divided, segments linear. A
variety of radicans ? 6-10 ft. April. Scales purplish. (^) E.B.

Supp. 2749. E.B. 2.1372*. H.SfArn. 406. Bab. 302. Lind. 235.
S. radicans. Tea-leaved Willow. Fig. 1179.

Branches decumbent, rooting. Leaves obovate or elliptic-lanceolate,
smooth, glaucous beneath. Stipules lunate, glandular. Capsules very
silky. Style elongated. Stigmas entire or bifid. Scotland. 2-4 ft.
May. Scales purplish. (|) E. B. 1. 1958. E.B. 2.1373. Il.fy Am.AQti.
Bab. 302. Lind. 235.

S. Borreriana. Fig. 1180.

Branches erect. Leaves broadly lanceolate. Stipules small, lanceolate.
A variety of radicans. Scotland. 2-6 ft. April. Scales purplish.
(1) E.B. Supp. 2619. E.B. 2.1373*. H. Am. 406. Bab. 303.
Lind. 235.

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59

119

S. Davalliana. Fig. 1181.

Branches erect ; shoots downy. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, glaucous
beneath. Stipules minute. A variety of radicans. Scotland. 2-4 ft.
May. Scales brown. (|) E. B. Sapp. 2701. E. B. 2. 1373**. 11.
Arn. 406. Bab. 302. Lind. 235.

S. TETRAPLA. Fig. 1182.

Upright. Shoots downy. Leaves lanceolate, twisted, acutely pointed.
Stipules small, semicordate. Style longer than the stigmas. A variety
of radicans. Scotland. 4-10 ft. May. Scales blackish. (|) E.B.
Sapp. 2/02. E. B. 2. 2137***. H.fyArn.4 06. Bab. 303. Lind. 235.
S. Weigeliana. Fig. 1183.

Leaves elliptical, or nearly round, with a short point. Stipules small.
Style longer than the stigmas. A variety of radicans. Mountains.
4-10 ft. April and May. Scales brown, (g) E. B. Supp. 2656.
E. B. 2. 1373* 4. 11. Am. 406. Bab. 303. Lind. 235.

S. TENUIFOLIA. Fig. 1184.

Upright. Young shoots densely downy. Leaves elliptical or oblong,
with a recurved point, glaucous beneath. Capsule smooth. A variety
of radicans. Westmoreland. 4-6 ft. May. Scales brown. (|)
E. B. Sapp. 2795. E. B. 2. 1373* 5. 11. Arn. 406. Bab. 302?
Lind. 235.

S. nitens. Fig. 1185.

Branches shining brown. Leaves ovate or elliptical ; dark green
above, whitish below. Capsule densely silky. A variety of radicans.
4-8 ft. April. Scales brown. (|) E. B. Supp. 2655. E. B.

2. 1373*, 6. 11. 8p Arn. 406. Bab. 302. Lind. 235.

S. Croweana. Fig. 1186.

Leaves elliptical, smooth, bright green, glaucous beneath. Filaments
of the stamens united. A variety of radicans. May. Scales brownish.
(i) E.B. 1. 1146. E. B. 2. 1374. H. §• Arn. 406. Bab. 302.
Lind. 235.

S. bicolor. Fig. 1187.

Leaves elliptical, shining, glaucous beneath. Filaments of stamens
bearded at the base. A variety of radicans. Scotland. 4-8 ft. April.
Scales green. (|) E.B. 1. 2186. E. B. 2. 13 75. H. fy Arn. 406.
Bab. 302. Lind. 235.

S. PHILLYREIFOLIA. Fig. 1188.

Young shoots downy. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute at each end,
glaucous beneath. Style as long as the stigma. A variety of radicans.
4-8 ft. April. Scales brownish. (|) E. B. Supp. 2660. E. B.
2.1375*. 11.^ Arn. 406. Bab. 303. "Lind. 235.

S. Dicksoniana. Fig. 1189.

Young shoots smooth. Leaves elliptical, acute, glaucous below.
Stigmas nearly sessile. A variety of radicans. Highlands. 2-3 ft.
April. Scales reddish brown. (|) E.B. 1. 1390. E. B 2. 1376.

H. Arn. 406. Bab. 302. Lind. 235.

S. vaccinifolia. Bilberry -leaved Willow. Fig. 1190.

Stems decumbent. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, glaucous below. Capsules
ovate, silky. Highlands. 1-2 ft. June. Scales brown. (|) E.B.

I. 2341. E.B. 2. 1377. H. Am. 407. Bab. 3 04. Lind. 237.

120

S. CARINATA. Fig. 1191.

Leaves ovate, sometimes folded. Capsule oblong-ovate. A variety
of vaccinifolia. 4-6 ft. June. Scales brown. (|) E. B. 1. 13G3.
E. B. 2. 1378. H. Am. 40 7. Bab. 3Q4. Lind. 237.

S. p run i folia. Plum-leaved Willoio. Fig. 1192.

Stems erect. Leaves broadly ovate, glaucous beneath. Capsule
oblong-ovate. A variety of vaccinifolia. Highlands. 2-3 ft. June.
Scales brownish. (^) E. B. 1. 1361. E.B. 2. 1379. H. 8^ Am. 407.
Bab. 3 04. Lind. 237.

S. venulosa. Fig. 1193.

Stems erect. Leaves ovate, reticulated with prominent veins, glau¬
cous beneath. Highlands. 2-4 ft. June. Scales reddish. (^)
E.B. 1. 1362. E.B. 2.1380. H.fyArn. 407. Bab. 304. Lind. 237.

S. myrsinites. TVhortle-leaved Willow. Fig. 1194.

Erect. Leaves elliptical, waved, glossy on both sides. Catkins short,
lax. Style half as long as the capsule, bifid. Stigmas bifid, linear.
Highlands. 1-2 ft. June. Scales blackish. (|) E. B. 1. 1360.
E. B. 2. 1381. II. ^ Am. 4 08. Bab. 305. Lind~237.

S. procumbens. Fig. 1195.

Leaves oval, green on both sides. Catkins elongated. Style very
short, deeply cleft. Highlands. A variety of myrsinites. 1-4 ft.
June. Scales blackish. (|) E. B. Supp. 2753. E. B. 2. 1381*.
H. Am. 408. Bab. 304. Lind. 23 7.

S. herbacea. Dwarf Willoio. Fig. 1193.

A minute shrub. Leaves orbicular, reticulated with veins, very

smooth. Catkins few-flowered. Mountains. 1-3 in. June. Scales
yellowish. (|) E. B. 1. 1907. E. B. 2. 1382. II. Am. 409.
Bab. 306. Lind. 238.

S. hastata. Apple-leaved Willow. Fig. 1197

Stems spreading. Leaves elliptical, very hroad. Stipules heart-
shaped, large. Stigmas cloven. 3-5 ft May. Scales green. (|)
E. B. 1. 1617. E.B. 2.1383. H. Am. 410. Bab. 305. Lind. 235.

S. lanata. Woolly Willow. Fig. 1193.

Stems straggling. Leaves large, broadly oval, pointed, very shaggy.
Catkins shaggy, with yellow hairs. Stigmas undivided. Highlands.
2-4 ft. April. Scales brown. (i) E. B. Supp. 2624. E. B.
2. 1383*. II. Am. 410. Bab. 305. Lind. 236.

Genus 2. Populus.

P. alba. White Poplar. Fig. 1199.

A tree. Bark smooth. Leaves triangular, heart-shaped, lobed and
toothed, very white beneath. Stigmas 4. Moist woods. March and
April. Scales brown. (|) E. B. 1. 1618. E. B.2. 1391. II.
Am. 411. Bab. 306. Lind. 238.

P. canescens. Iloary Poplar. Fig. 120Q.

A tree. Leaves roundish, deeply waved and toothed, hoary beneath.
Stigmas 8. Meadows. March. Scales brown, (g) E.B. 1.1619.
E. B. 2. 1392. Ii. $>' Am. 411. Bab. 307. Lind. 238.

MV/&r /20O.

f

121

P. tremula. Aspen. Fig. 1201.

Leaves nearly orbicular, pointed ; petioles much compressed. Stig¬
mas 4. Moist woods. March and April. Stigmas purple. (!) E.B.

1. 1909. E. B. 2. 1393. II. Am. 412. Bab. 307. Lind. 238.

P. nigra. Black Poplar. Fig. 1202.

Leaves triangular, rounded, pointed. Catkins very lax. Stigmas 4.

Moist ground. April. Scales brown. (!) E. B. 1. 1910. E. B.

2. 1394. H. fy Am. 30 7. Bab. 412. Lind. 238.

Order LXXXV. CUPULIFERtE.

Genus 1. Fagus.

F. sylvatica. Beech. Fig. 1203.

Leaves ovate, glossy, ciliated on the margin. Woods. A timber

tree. April and May. Brownish. (!) .£'.21.1. 1846. E.B. 2.1323.
II. Am. 413. Bab. 308. Lind. 239.

Genus 2. Castanea.

C. vulgaris. Spanish Chestnut. Fig. 1204.

Leaves large, oblong-lanceolate, pointed. Fertile and barren flowers
on long pendulous stalks. Woods. Fruit edible. May. Yellowish.
(!) £.21.1.886. E.B. 2.1324. H.fyArn.413. Bab. 308. Lind. 239.
Genus 3. Quercus.

Q. pedunculata. Oak. Fig. 1205.

Leaves deeply sinuated, nearly sessile. Acorns 2 or 3 together,

sessile upon long peduncles. A well-known timber tree. Woods and
hedge-rows. April and May. Yellowish. (!) £.£.1.1342. E.B.
2. 1321. 22. Am. 414. Bab. 308. Lind. 240.

Q. sessili flora. Durmast Oak. Fig. 1206.

Leaves on foot-stalks. Acorns sessile or on short thick peduncles.
A variety of pedunculata 1 Woods. May. Yellowish. (!) £. B.

1.1845. £.£.2.1322. II. Am. 414. Bab. 308. Lind. 240.
Genus 4. Corylus.

C. avellana.. Hazel. Fig. 1207.

A large shrub. Leaves roundish, cordate. Involucrum of the fruit
bell-shaped, torn at the margin. Woods and thickets. Nuts edible.
Feb .-April. Catkins yellowish. Stigmas crimson. (!) £.£.1.723.
£. B. 2. 1328. H. Am. 415. Bab. 3 09. Lind. 240.

Genus 5. Carpinus.

C. Betulus. Hornbeam.' Fig. 1208.

A tree. Leaves ovate, pointed, with straight parallel veins, plaited
when young. Woods. April and May. Brownish green. (!) £. £.
1.2032. £.£.2.1327. H.fyArn. 416. Bab. 309. Lind. 240.

Order LXXXVI. CONIFERtE.

Genus 1. Pin us.

P. sylvestris. Scotch Fir. Pine. Fig. 1209.

Leaves in pairs, rigid, bluish green. Cones ovate-conical, recurved,
usually in pairs. Northern forests. May and June. Catkins yellow.
(!) E. B. 1. 2460. £. B. 2. 1329. II. Am. 418. Bab. 310. ZiW.310.
Genus 2. Juniperus.

J. COMMUNIS. Juniper. Fig. 1210.

An evergreen shrub. Leaves linear, spine-pointed, 3 in a whorl.
Berries globular. Downs. 2-10 ft. May. Catkins brownish. (!)
£.£.1.1100. £.£.2.1399. H.^ Am. 418. Bab. 310. Lind. 241.

R

122

J. nana. Dwarf Juniper. Fig. 1211.

Procumbent. Fruit oval. Mountains. 6 in .-2 ft. June. Brownish;
berries black, with a glaucous bloom. (4) E. B. Supp. 2/43. E. B.
2. 1399. II. Am. 418. Bab. 3!0. 'Lind. 241.

Genus 3. Taxus.

T. baccata. Yew. Fig. 1212.

An evergreen tree. Leaves linear, in 2 rows, crowded. Woods on

chalk. Leaves poisonous. March and April. Yellowish. (|) E. B.
1. 746. E.B. '2. 1400. II. fy Am. 419. 2?a6.310. Lind. 241.

Order LXXXVIT. DIOSCOREACE^E.

Genus 1. Tamus.

T. communis. Black Briony. Fig. 1213.

A climbing plant with heart-shaped, net-veined, glossy leaves.
Thickets. Poisonous. Perenn. June. Green; berries red. (|)
E.B. 1.91. E. B. 2. 1390. H.SfArn. 443. Bab. 312. Lind. 271.

Order LXXXVIII. TRILLIACE.E.

Genus 1. Paris.

P. quadrifolia. Herb Paris. Fig. 1214.

Leaves ovate, 4 in a whorl below the flower, dark green. Woods.
Poisonous. 1ft. Perenn. May and June. Green; berry black. (|)
E. B. 1. 7. E. B. 2. 576. II. Am. 444. Bab. 311. Lind. 271.

Order LXXXIX. HYDROCHARIDACE^E.

Genus 1. Anacharis.

A. Alsinastrum. Water Thyme. Water-weed. Fig. 1215.

Stems submersed. Leaves 3 or 4 in a whorl, oval-oblong, whorls
close together. Flowers very small, in a leaf-like bract. Canals ;
naturalized? May-Oct. Green. (|) II.fy-Arn. 423. Bab. '613.
Genus 2. Hydrocharis.

H. Morsus-IIanas. Frog-bit. Fig. 1216.

Stems submersed. Leaves floating, on long petioles, kidnev-shaped.
Flowers large. Ponds and streams. Perenn. July-Aug. White. (|)
E. B. 1.S08. E. B. 2. 1398. H. fy Am. 423. Bab. 312. Lind. 256.
Genus 3. Stratiotes.

S. aloides. Water Soldier. Water Aloe. Fig. 1217.

Leaves submersed, rising from the root, sword-shaped, with marginal
prickles. Pools. Perenn. July. White. (|) E.B. 1.379. E.B.
2.771. II. fy Am. 424. Bab. 313. Lind. 254.

Order XC. ORCHID ACE^E.

Genus 1. Orchis.

O. pyramtdalis. Pyramidal Orchis. Fig. 1218.

Sepals spreading. Lip with 3 equal entire lobes and 2 tubercles at
the base above. Pastures. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. July. Purple or white.
(|) E.B.XA 10. E. B. 2. 1 193. H.fyArn. 435. Bab. 318. Lind. 261.
O. Morio. Green-winged Orchis. Fig. 1219.

Sepals ascending, many-ribbed, converging. Meadows. 4 in.-l ft.
Perenn. May and June. Deep purple with green ribs. (|) E. B.

I. 2059. E. B. 2. 1 194. II. Am. 432. Bab. 316. Lind. 260.

O. mascula. Early Orchis. Fig. 1220

Leaves usually spotted. Sepals 3-ribbed, the lateral ones reflexed.
Lip 3-lobed. Spur obtuse. Pastures. 4-10 in. Perenn. May and

J. me. Purple or white, lip spotted. (4) E.B. 1.631. E.B. 2.1195.
77. Am. 432. Bab. 316. Lind. 260.

123

O. tjsttjlata. Dwarf Dark-winged Orchis. Fig. 1221.

Bracts as long as the capsule. Sepals converging. Lobes of lip
linear-oblong. Spur very short. Chalky pastures. 3-5 in. Perenn.
June. Purplish-brown, lip white and spotted. (g) E. B. 1. 18.
E. B. 2. 1190. II. S' Am. 432. Bab. 317. Lind. 260.

O. ftjsca. Brown-winged Orchis. Fig. 1222.

Sepals obtuse, converging. Lip deeply 3-lobed ; lateral lobes linear-
oblong, middle one broad, obcordate, with a point in the cleft. Chalk
hills. 1-2 ft. Perenn. May. Calyx greenish purple, lip pink with
dark spots. (|) E. B. 1. 16. E. B. 2. 1197. H. S' Am. 432.
Bab. 316. Lind. 260.

O. militaris. Man Orchis. Fig. 1223.

Sepals converging, pointed. Lip deeply 4-lobed, with an intermediate
point. Chalk hills. 8 in.-l ft. Perenn. May. Calyx pale purplish,
lip purple with darker spots. (g) E. B. Supp. 2675. E.B. 2.] 197*.
II. S' Am. 316. Bab. 433. Lind. 260.

0. tephrosanthos. Monkey Orchis. Fig. 1224.

Sepals converging, pointed. Lip with 4 nearly equal linear lobes.
Chalk hills. 8 in.-l ft. Perenn. May. Purple. (g) E. B.
1.1873. E. B. 2. 1198. II. S' Am. 433. Bab. 317. Lind. 266.

O. hircina. Lizard Orchis. Fig. 1225.

Sepals concave. Lip downy, with 3 linear segments ; the middle
one very long and twisted, bifid at the end. Spur very short. Chalky
thickets. 1-3 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Purplish green ; lip
purple with dark spots. (g) E. B. 1. 34. E. B. 2. 1199. H.
Am. 434. Bab. 318. Lind. 260.

O. laxiflora. Loose-fowered Marsh Orchis. Fig. 1226.

Lateral sepals reflexed. Upper petals converging ; lip 3-lobed, lateral
lobes rounded and crenulated, middle one very small and truncated.
Channel Islands. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June. Purple-red. (g) E. B.
Supp. 2828. E. B. 2. 1199*. H. S' Am. 433. Bab. 317.

0. latifolia. Marsh Orchis. Fig. 1227.

Bracts longer than the flowers. Sepals spreading. Upper petals
converging. Lip convex, nearly entire, crenated. Spur conical. Marshes.
1—1 -J- ft. Perenn. May-July. Purple or pink, with spots. (g)
E.B. 1.2308. E.B. 2.1200. H. S' Am. 433. Bab.3\7. Lind. 260.
O. maculata. Spotted Orchis. Fig. 1228.

Leaves spotted. Bracts shorter than the flowers. Sepals spreading ;
lip flat, usually deeply 3-lobed, crenated. Spur cylindrical. Heaths.
1-1-^- ft. Perenn. June and July. Pink or white, spotted. (|)
E. B. 1. 632. E. B. 2. 1201. H. S' Am. 434. Bab.3\7 . Lind.3\7.
Genus 2. Gymnadenia.

G. conopsea. Fragrant Orchis. Fig. 1229,

Lateral sepals widely spreading. Spur very slender, filiform. Chalk

hills. 1 ft. Perenn. June-Aug. Purple. (g) E. B. 1. 10.
E.B. 2.1202. H. S' Am. 435. Bab. 318. Lind. 261.

Genus 3. Habenaria.

H. viridts. Frog Orchis. Fig. 1230.

Bracts longer than the flowers. Sepals and upper petals converging.

Lip linear, bifid, with an intermediate tooth. Spur short, slightly
cloven. Hill pastures. 6-9 in. Perenn. June and July. Green,
lip yellowish red at the margin, (g) E. B. 1. 94. E. B. 2. 1203,
II. S' Am. 435. Bab. 319. Lind. 261.

k 2

124

H. albida. Small White Orchis. Fig. 1231.

Sepals and lateral petals nearly equal, concave. Lips 3-cleft, the
middle segment longest, pointed. Spur short. Mountains. 6-9 in.
Perenn. June and July. Greenish white. (|) E.B. 1.505. E. B.
2.1204. H. fy Am. 435. Bab. 318. Lind. 261.

II. chlorantha. Butterfly Orchis. Fig. 1232.

Lateral sepals spreading downwards. Lip lanceolate, entire. Spur
long, filiform. Anther with diverging cells. Moist meadows. 1 ft.
Perenn. June. Greenish white. (£) E.B. 1. 22. E. B. 2. 1203.
11. 4’ Am. 436. Bab. 319. Lind. 335.

H. bifolia. Smaller Butterfly Orchis. Fig. 1233.

Lip linear, entire. Anther-cells parallel. A variety of chlorantha 'l
Heaths. 9 in.— 1 ft. Perenn. June and July. Greenish white. (|)
E. B. Supp. 2806. E.B. 2. 1205*. H.fyArn. 436. Bab.SW. Lind. 335.
Genus 4. Aceras.

A. anthropophora. Green Man Orchis. Fig. 1234.

Calyx-leaves meeting like a helmet. Lip deeply 4-cleft, the seg¬
ments linear. Chalk hills. 1-1 1 ft. Perenn. June. Calyx green,
lip yellow. (|) E.B. 1. 29. E. B. 2. 1206. II. Am. 436.
Bab. 3 19. Lind. 262.

Genus 5. Herminium.

H. Monorchis. Green Musk Orchis. Fig. 1235.

Petals 3-lobed, nearly equal. Stem with one leaf in the middle. Chalky
pastures. 3-6 in. Perenn. July. Green. (|) E. B. 1. 71.
E.B. 2. 1207. H. Am. 436. Bab. 262. Lind. 263.

Genus 6. Ophrys.

O. apifera. Bee Orchis. Fig. 1236.

Calyx coloured. Lip as long as the calyx, velvety, convex, with 5
marginal lobes, the terminal one reflexed. Chalk hills. 6-10 in.
Perenn. June. Calyx purplish, lip purplish brown, with yellow lines.
(|) E.B. 1. 383. E. B. 2. 1208. II. & Am. 43 7. ‘ Bab. 320.
Lind. 262.

O. arachnites. Late Spider Orchis. Fig. 1237.

Calyx coloured. Lip longer than the calyx, convex, velvety, terminal
lobe projecting. Chalk hills. 6-10 in. Perenn. May and June.
Calyx purplish, lip brown, with yellowish green lines. (|) E. B.
Supp. 2596. E. B. 2. 1208*. H.fyArn.437. Bab. 320. Lind. 262.
O. aranifera. Spider Orchis. Fig. 1238.

Calyx green. Petals linear. Lip as long as the calyx, velvety,
convex, 3-lobed, the middle lobe large, emarginate. Chalk hills*
6-10 in. Perenn. April and May. Petals green; lip brown, with
pale lines. (|) E. B. 1. 65. E. B. 2. 1209. II. fy Am. 43 7.
Bab. 320. Lind,. 262.

O. fucifera. Drone Orchis. Fig. 1239.

Lip longer than the calyx, undivided. A variety of aranifera. Chalk
hills. 6-10 in. Perenn. May and June. Petals green, lip brown
with pale lines. (|) E. B. Supp. 2649. E. B. 2. 1209*. H. fy Am. 43 7.
Bab. 320. Lind. 262.

O. muscifera. Fly Orchis. Fig. 1240.

Calyx green. Petals linear, smooth. Lip flat, 3-lobed ; the middle
lobe bifid. Chalk hills. 6-10 in. Perenn. May and June. Purple-
brown, with a blue spot on the lip. (£) E.BA.64. E.B. 2.1210.

D.^Arn. 438. Bab. 320. Lind. 262.

Genus 7. Goodyeiia.

G. REPENS. Fig. 1241.

Plant creeping at the base. Root fibrous, lower leaves ovate- lanceo¬
late, with petioles. Spike rather spiral, downy. Highland forests.
6-10 in. Perenn. Aug. Pinkish. (^) E.B. 1. 289. E.B.2. 1211.
II. Am. 430. Bab. 320. Lind. 257.

Genus 8. Neottia.

N. spiralis. Lady's Tresses. Fig. 1242.

Root-leaves spreading, ovate. Spike twisted spirally, one-sided.
Chalk hills and pastures. 4-6 in. Perenn. Aug. and Sept. Greenish
white, (f) E.B. 1. 541. E. B. 2. 1212. II.fyArn. 430. Bab. 321.
Lind. 257.

N. jESTivalis. Summer Lady's Tresses. Fig. 1243.

Root-leaves oblong-lanceolate. Spike lax, twisted. Jersey. 3 in.—
1 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Whitish. (-|) E. B. Supp. 281 7.
E.B. 2.1212*. H. fy Am. 430. Bab. 321. Lind. 334.

N. gemmipara. Proliferous Lady's Tresses. Fig. 1244.

Leaves lanceolate, with buds at the base, as tall as the stalk. Spike
dense, 3-ranked. Ireland. 3-6 in. Perenn. Oct. Whitish, (f)
E. B. Supp. 2786. E. B. 2. 1212**. II. Am. 430. Bab. 321.
Lind. 334.

Genus 9. Listera.

L. ovata. Tvmy-blade. Fig. 1245.

Stem with two opposite oval leaves. Lip bifid. Column crested
with a hood. Woods. 1-1? ft. Perenn. June. Yellowish green.
(i) E.B. 1.1548. E.B~. 2.1213. H. Am. 429. Bab. 321.

Lind. 258.

L. cordata. Mountain Tway-blade. Fig. 1246.

Leaves cordate. Lip with a lobe on each side the base. Column
not crested. Mountains. 3-6 in. Perenn. July and Aug. Green,
(f) E. B. 1. 358. E. B. 2. 1214. H. ^ Am. 429. . Bab . 321.

Lind. 258.

L. Nidus-Avis. Bircfs-nest. Fig. 1247.

Without leaves. Stem covered with brown scales. Lip with 2
spreading lobes. Epiphytic on the roots of Beech-trees. 8 in.-l ft.
Perenn. May and June. Brown. (|) E. B. 1.48. E.B. 2.1215.
II.fyArn. 429. Bab. 321. Lind. 258.

Genus 10. Epipactis.

E. latifolia. Helleborine. Fig. 1248.

Leaves broadly ovate, stem-clasping. Lower bracts longer than the
flowers. Lip shorter than the sepals, entire. Woods. 1-2 ft. Perenn.
July and Aug. Reddish green, lip purple. (?) E.B. 1.269. E.B. 2.
1216. H. fyArn. 427. Bab. 322. Lind. 258.

E. purpurata. Purple-leaved Heleborine. Fig. 1249.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, purplish. Bracts linear, twice as long as
the flowers. Lip shorter than the calyx, entire. Woods. 1-2 ft.
Perenn. Aug. Greenish purple. (|) E. B. Supp. 2775. B.E.2.

1216*. H. Am. 427. Bab. 3 22. Lind. 259.

E. palustrts. Marsh Helleborine. Fig. 1250.

Leaves lanceolate, stem-clasping. Bracts shorter than the flowers.
Lip 3-lobed. Marshy pastures. 1-1 \ ft. Perenn. July. (£)

E. B. 1. 270. E. B. 2. 1217. H. Am. 428. Bab. 322. Lind. 259.

E. grandiflora. White Ilelleborine. Fig. 1251.

Leaves elliptic- lanceolate, sessile. Bracts longer than the flowers.
Flowers sessile, erect. Woods on the chalk. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June
and July, Yellowish white. (|) E. B. 1. 271. E. B. 2. 1218.
II. Am. 428. Bab. 322. Lind. 259.

E. ensi folia. Narrow-leaved Ilelleborine. Fig. 1252.

Leaves narrow lanceolate. Bracts minute. Flowers sessile, erect.
Woods; rare. 1 ft. Perenn. May and June. White, (g) E. B. 1.
491. E.B. 2.1229. H. Am.' 428. Bab. 323. Lind. 259.

E. rubra. Bed Ilelleborine. Fig. 1253.

Leaves lanceolate. Bracts longer than the capsule. Flowers sessile,
erect. Mountain woods; rare. 1 ft. Perenn. May and June.
Purple, lip whitish. (£) E.B. 1.437. E.B. 2.1220. H.fyArn.
428. Bab. 323. Lind. 259.

Genus 11. Malaxis.

M. paludosa. Bog Orchis. Fig. 1254.

Leaves oval, concave, with minute bulbs at the end. Flowers re¬
versed, the lip pointing upwards. Peat bogs 2-4 in. Perenn.
Aug. and Sept. Greenish, (i) E. B. 1. 72. E. B. 2. 1221.
H.fyArn. 425. Bab. 323. Lind. 263.

Genus 12. Liparis.

L. Loesselii. Two-leaved Bog Orchis. Fig. 1255.

Stem triangular. Leaves two, broadly lanceolate. Lip recurved,
longer than the perianth. 6-8 in. Perenn. July. Yellow. (|)
E. B. 1. 47. E. B. 2. 1222. H. Am. 426. Bab. 324. Lind. 263.
Genus 13. Corallorriiiza.

C. innata. Coral-root. . Fig. 1256.

Leaves sheath-like. Spur very short. Scotland. 6-8 in. Perenn.
July. Yellowish green. (|) E. B. 1. 1546. E. B. 2. 1223.
II. fy Am. 426. Bab. 323. Lind. 258.

Genus 14. Cypripedium.

C. Calceolus. Lady's Slipper. Fig. 1257.

Stem leafy. Leaves ovate, pointed. Flower solitary. Terminal
lobe of corolla elliptical, channeled. Northern woods ; very rare,
l-lg ft. Perenn. July. Purple, lip yellow. (|) E. B. 1. 1. E. B. 2.
1224. H. Am. 438. Bab. 324. Lind. 263.

Order XCI. IRIDACEtE.

Genus 1. Iris.

I. Pseud-acorus. Yellow Iris. Fig. 1258.

Inner segments of perianth smaller than the petaloid stigmas, the
outer very broad. Seeds angular. Watery places ; common. 3-4 ft.
Perenn. July. Yellow, (i) E.BA.57S. E.B. 2. 47. H.fy Am. 439.
Bab. 325. Lind. 255.

I. fcetidtssima. Stinldng Iris. Fig. 1259.

Inner segments of perianth spreading, outer narrow. Seeds rounded.
Foetid. Pastures and thickets. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June-Aug. Purple,
sometimes yellow; seeds orange. (|) E. B. 1. 596. E. B. 2. 48.
H. Am. 439. Bab. 325. Lind. 255.

I. tuberosa. Snahe-head Iris. Fig. 1260.

Leaves 4-angled. Segments of perianth acute. Not native. 1 ft.
Perenn. March and April. Purple, inner petals green. (4) E. B.
Supp. 2818. Bab. 325.

S24/ ./,■ /j?##

j £ SoH't'+'fy. -Fhxt

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127

Genus 2. Trichonema.

T. Bulbocodium. Fig. 1261.

Leaves linear, channeled, longer than the recurved stem. Guernsey.
6 in. Perenri. March and April. Purplish, white, or yellow. (5)
E. B. 1. 2549. E. B. 2. 46. II. Am. 440. Bab. 325. Lind.
255.

Genus 3. Crocus.

C. vernus. Spring Crocus. Fig. 1282.

Stigma within the flower, in 3 wedge-shaped lobes. Tube hairy at
the mouth. Meadows. 4-6 in. Perenn. March. Purple. (g)
E.B. 1.344. E. B. 2. 44. H. Sf Am. 440. Bab. 325. Lind. 255.
C. prascox. Small Purple Crocus. Fig. 1283.

Stigmas deeply trifid, longer than the stamens, within the flower,
divisions slightly notched at the end. Suffolk ; not native. 4-6 in.
Perenn. March. Pale lilac with yellow and purple stripes. (g)
E. B. Supp. 2645. E. B. 2. 44**. 11. Am. 440. Bab. 326.

Lind. 334.

C. aureus. Golden Crocus. Fig. 1264.

Stamens longer than the stigma. Stigma small, shortly trifid.
Meadows. 4-6 in. Perenn. March. Yellow. (g) E. B. Supp.
2646. E. B. 2. 44*. H. Am. 440. Bab. 326. Lind. 334.

C. sativus. Saffron Crocus. Fig. 1265.

Stigma hanging out of the flower in 3 deep linear segments. Na¬
turalized. The stamens are the saffron of commerce. 6-9 in. Perenn.
Sept. Purple. (|) E.B. 1. 343. E. B. 2. 43. H. Am. 441.
Bab. 326. Lind. 255.

C. nudiflorus. Naked-flowering Crocus. Fig. 1266.

Leaves appearing after the flowers. Stigma within the flower, in 3
deeply fringed segments. Meadows. 6-8 in. Perenn. Sept.-Nov.
Purple. (|) E.B. 1.491. E. B. 2. 45. H. Am. 441. Bab. 326.
Lind. 255.

C. speciosus. Large Purple Crocus. Fig. 1267.

Stigma much longer than the stamens. A variety of Nudiflorus.
Meadows. 6-8 in. Perenn. Sept, and Oct. Purple, (g) E. B.
Supp. 2752. H. If Am. 441. Bab. 326. Lind. 334.

Order XCII. AMARYLLIDACE^E.

Genus 1. Narcissus.

N. Pseudo-narcissus. Daffodil. Fig. 1263.

Spathe single-flowered. Nectary bell-shaped, erect, with 6 crisped
segments, equal to the perianth. Moist woods. 1 ft. Perenn.
March. Yellow. (g) E. B. 1. 17. E. B. 2. 468. H. fy Am. 442.
Bab. 32 7. Lind. 265.

N. poeticus. Pheasant' s-eye Narcissus. Fig. 1269.

Spathe single-flowered. Nectary very short, depressed, crenated on
the margin. Heaths and pastures. 1 ft. Perenn. May. White,
nectary edged with crimson, (g) E. B. 1. 275. E. B. 2. 469.
H. fy Am. 442. Bab. 326. Lind. 265.

N. biflorus. Pale Narcissus. Fig. 1270.

Spathe 2-flowered. Nectary very short, depressed. Sandy fields.
1 ft. Perenn. May. Pale yellow, nectary yellow, (g) E.B. 1.2 76.
E. B. 2. 470. 11. Am. 442. Bab. 326. Lind. 265.

123

Genas 2. Galanthus.

G. nivalis. Snowdrop. Fig. 1271.

Flowers solitary, pendant. Meadows and thickets. 4-8 in. Perenn.
Feb. and March. White, inner segments tipped with green. (g)
E. B. 1. 19. E. B. 2. 466. H.fyArn. 442. Bab. 327. Lind. 2G5.
Genus 3. Leucojum.

L. jESTivum. Summer Snowdrop. Fig. 1272.

Spathe with several flowers. Stalk 2-edged. Marshes. 8 in.-l ft.

Perenn. May. White. Q) E.B. 1.621. E.B.2.467. II. Arn. 443.
Bab. 327. Lind. 265.

Order XCIII. LILIACEAE.

Genus 1. Asparagus.

A. officinalis. Asparagus. Fig. 1273.

Stems usually erect, much branched. Leaves in tufts, bristle-shaped.
Sea-shores. 6-8 in. Perenn. Aug. Green ; berries red. (|) E.B.l.
339. E.B. 2.490. H.fyArn. 446. Bab. 328. Lind. 270.

Genus 2. Ruscus.

R. aculeatus. Butcher's Broom. Fig. 1274.

A small evergreen shrub. Leaves ovate, spine-pointed, bearing the
flower on the surface. Woods; common. 1-2 ft. Perenn. March
and April. Greenish ; berries red. (|) E.B. 1. 560. E. B. 2. 1385.
11. £ Am. 446. Bab. 329. Lind. 270.

Genus 3. Convallaria.

C. majalis. Lily of the Valley . Fig. 1275.

Flowers in a drooping raceme. Leaves in pairs, ovate-lanceolate.
Hill woods ; common. 6-9 in. Pefenn. May. White, berries red.
0) E. B.l. 1035. E. B. 2. 491. H. Am. 44 7. Bab. 328.
Lind. 270.

C. verticillata. Narrow-leaved Solomon’s Seal. Fig. 1276.
Leaves whorled, linear-lanceolate. Flowers cylindrical. Scottish
woods. 2 ft. Perenn. June. White; berries blue, (g) E.B.l.
128. E.B. 2.492. H.SrArn. 447. Bab. 3 28. Li?id.~270.

C. multiflora. Solomon’s Seal. Fig. 1277.

Stem round, curved. Leaves alternate, stem-clasping. Pedicles
axillary, many-flowered. Woods. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June. White tipped
with green. (g) E.B. 1.279. E.B. 2.493. H.fyArn.447. Bab.
329. Lind. 270.

C. Polygonatum. Angular Solomon’ s Seal. Fig. 1278.

Stem angular. Leaves stem-clasping, alternate. Peduncles axillary,
mostly single-flowered. Woods; rare. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June. White
and green; berries black. (|) E. B. 1. 280. E. B. 2. 494.
H. Am. 44 7 . Bab. 329. Lind. 2 70.

Genus 4. Hyacinthus.

II. non-scriptus. Wild Hyacinth. Hare-bell. Fig. 1279.

Flowers in drooping racemes. Leaves linear, flaccid. Woods and
thickets; abundant. Poisonous. 6-10 in. Perenn. May and June,
lllue, sometimes pink. (|) E.B. 1.377. E.B.2.4S7. H.fyArn.
449. Bab. 335. Lind. 270.

Genus 5. Muscari.

M. racemosum. Grape-Hyacinth. Fig. 1280.

Racemes crowded. Flowers ovate, furrowed ; upper ones abortive.

Leaves linear, channeled. Naturalized. 6-8 in. Perenn. May.
Purple-blue. (g) E. B. 1. 1931. E. B. 2. 488. II. Am. 450.
Bab. 335. Lind. 269.

129

Genus 6. Allium.

A. Ampeloprasum. Great Round-headed Garlic. Fig. 1281.
Umbel globose, without bulbs. Leaves linear, flat. Three alternate
stamens deeply 3-cleft. Flat Holmes on the Severn. 4-5 ft. Perenn.
Aug. White. (|) E.B. 1. 1657. E. B. 2.473. H. ^ Am. 450.
Bab. 332. Lind. 267.

A. arenarium. Sand Garlic. Fig. 1282.

Umbel globose, bearing bulbs. Leaves linear, with cylindrical sheaths.
Alternate stamens 3-cleft. Leaves of spathe obtuse. Woods and pastures.

1 4—2 ft. Perenn. July. Purple. (|) E. B. 1. 1358. E.B. 2.475.
h. fy Am. 451. Bab. 333. Lind. 267.

A. carinatum. Mountain Garlic. Fig. 1283.

Umbel lax, bulb-bearing. Leaves linear, keeled, flat. Stamens all
simple. Leaves of spathe long, tapering, unequal. Pastures. 2-3 ft.
Perenn. July. Pinkish. (|) E.B. 1.1658. E.B. 2. 475. H. $*
Am. 451. Bab. 333. Lind. 267.

A. oleraceum. Wild Garlic. Fig. 1284.

Umbels lax, bulb-bearing. Leaves semicylindrical, rough, channelled
above. Stamens simple. Leaves of spathe concave below, with long
points. Fields. Perenn. 2ft. July. Pinkish. (£) E.B. 1.488.
E. B. 2. 476. H. Am. 45 1 . Bab. 333. Lind. 2 67.

A. ambiguum. Rose-coloured Garlic. Fig. 1285.

Umbels few-flowered, bulb-bearing. Leaves broadly linear. Spathe
short, 3-4-leaved. Not native. 1-1^ ft. Perenn. June. Pink,
(g) E. B. Supp. 2803. Bab. 335.

A. sphjerocephalum. Small Round-headed Garlic. Fig. 1286.
Umbel spherical, dense, without bulbs. Three alternate stamens 3-cleft.
Jersey. 1-3 ft. Perenn. June and July. Purple. (|) E. B.
Supp. 2813. II. fy Am. 452. Bab. 333. Lind. 335.

A. vineale. Crow Garlic. Fig. 1287.

Umbel bulb-bearing. Leaves tubular. Three alternate stamens 3-cleft.
Dry fields. 2 ft. Perenn. July. White. (|) E. B. 1. 1974.
E. B. 2. 477. H. Am. 452. Bab. 333. Lind. 268.

A. URSiNUM. Ramsons. Fig. 1288.

Umbel nearly flat. Leaves all radical, elliptic-lanceolate, on footstalks.
Woods and hedge-banks ; common. 1 ft. Perenn. May. White.
(|) E. B. 1. 122. E. B. 2. 478. H. Am. 453. Bab. 335.
Lind. 268.

A. Schcenoprasum. Chives. Fig. 1289.

Leaves all radical, tubular, pointed. Stamens simple. Meadows ;
rare. A culinary herb. 1 ft. Perenn. June. Purple. Q) E. B.
1. 2441. E. B. 2. 479. II. Am. 451. Bab. 334. Lind. 268.

Genus 7. Scilla.

S. verna. Spring Squill. Fig. 1290.

Raceme few-flowered, corymbose. Bracts lanceolate, obtuse. Leaves
many, linear. Sea cliffs. 4-5 in. Perenn. April. Blue. (§)
E. B. 1. 23. E. B. 2. 4S4. H. Am. 453. Bab. 332. Lind. 269.

130

S. bifolia. Two-leaved Squill. Fig. 1291.

Raceme lax, without bracts. Leaves 2, lanceolate. A doubtful
native. 4-5 in. Perenn. March and April. Pale blue. (|) E. B.

I. 24. E. B. 2. 485. II. fy Am. 453. Bab. 332. Lind. 2G9.

S. autumn alis. Autumnal Squill. Fig. 1292.

Raceme without bracts. Leaves linear, numerous. Dry pastures.

2-5 in. Perenn. Sept. Blue, (f) E. B. 1.78. E.B. 2.486.

II. § Am. 453. Bab. 332. Lind. 269.

Genus 8. Ornithogalum.

O. pyrenaicum. Spiked Star of Bethlehem. Fig. 1293.

Raceme very long. Filaments dilated. Peduncles equal, spreading;
erect when in fruit. Pastures ; naturalized. lg-2 ft. Perenn. July.
Greenish-white. (g) E. B. 1. 499. E. B. 2. 481. H. Am. 454.
Bab. 331. Lind. 268.

O. umbellatum. Star of Bethlehem. Fig. 1294.

Flowers corymbose. Peduncles longer than the bracts. Naturalized.
1 ft. Perenn. April and May. White, greenish without, (g)
E. B. 1. 130. E. B. 2. 482. H. Am. 454. Bab. 331. Lind. 269.
O. nutans. Drooping Star of Bethlehem. Fig. 1295.

Flowers pendulous. Filaments dilated, cloven ; 3 of them longer.
Naturalized. 1 ft. Perenn. May. White, (g) E. B. 1. 1997.
E. B. 2. 483. II. £ Am. 454. Bab. 331. Lind. 269.

Genus 9. Gagea.

G. lutea. Fig. 1296.

Root-leaves 1 or 2, longer than the flower-stem. Bracts longer than
the umbel. Moist thickets and pastures ; local. 4-8 in. Perenn.
March and April. Yellow, (f) E.B. 1. 21. E.B. 2. 480. H.
Am. 455. Bab. 332. Lind. 268.

Genus 10. Anthericum.

A. serotinum. Mountain Spider-wort. Fig. 1297.

Leaves semicylindrical ; stem ones dilated at the base. Flowers mostly
solitary. Snowdon Mountains, Wales. 4-6 in. Perenn. June.

Pinkish. (|) E. B. 1. 793. E. B. 2. 489. H. Am. 455.

Bab. 331. Lind. 269.

Genus 11. Tulipa.

T. sylvestris. Wild Tulip. Fig. 1298.

Flowers solitary, somewhat drooping. Leaves lanceolate. Chalky

fields; local. 1 ft. Perenn. April. Yellow, (g) E.B. 1.63.

E. B. 2. 472. II. Am. 456. Bab. 330. Lind. 266.

Genus 12. Fritillaria.

F. Meleagris. Fritillary. Snake' s-head Lily. Fig. 1299.

Stem 1 -flowered. Leaves linear -lanceolate. Moist meadows. 1 ft.
Perenn. April. Purple, checkered with darker spots. (g) E. B.
1. 622. E. B. 2. 471. II. Am. 456. Bab. 330. Lind. 266.

Genus 13. Lilium.

L. Martagon. Turk' s-cap Lily. Fig. 1300.

Leaves whorled, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers reflexed. Woods ; not
native. 2-3 ft. Perenn. June. Purple, with blackish spots. (|)
E.B.Supp. 2799. Bab. 331.

131

Order XCIV. MELANTHACEJE.

Genus 1. Colchicum.

C. autumn ale. Meadow Saffron. Fig. 1301.

Leaves erect, broadly lanceolate, withering in the summer. Meadows.
4-8 in. Perenn. Sept.-Nov. Purple. (|) £.5. 1. 133. E. B.

2. 535. H. fy Am. 45 7. Bab. 336. Lind. 264.

Genus 2. Tofieldia.

T. palustris. Scottish Asphodel. Fig. 1302.

Spike ovate. Stem nearly leafless. Leaves sword-shaped. Boggy
mountains. 4-6 in. Perenn. July and Aug. Yellowish. (|) E.B.
1. 536. E. B. 2. 534. H. Am. 45 7. Bab. 336. Lind. 264.

Order XCV. RESTIACEJE.

Genus 1. Eriocaulon,

E. septangulare. Pipewort. Fig. 1303.

Leaves subulate, compressed, pellucid. Stem angular. Alpine lakes ;
rare. 6-10 in. Perenn. Aug. Purplish-white. (§) E.B. 1.733.
E.B. 2.1313. H.fyArn. 458. Bab. 337. Lind. 272.

Order XCVI. JUNCACE^E.

Genus 1. Narthecium.

N. ossifragum. Bog Asphodel. Fig. 1304.

Leaves linear, equitant. Flowers in erect racemes. Bogs ; common.
6-8 in. Perenn. July and Aug. Bright yellow, (f) £.5.1.535.
E. B. 2. 519. H.fyArn. 468. Bab. 33 7. Lind. 2 77.

Genus 2. Juncus.

J. maritimus. Small Sea-Rush. Fig. 1305.

Leafless. Stems rigid, spine-pointed. Panicle terminal, proliferous.
Bracts spinous. Capsules oblong. Salt marshes. 2 ft. Perenn.
Aug. Brownish. (§) £'.5.1.1725. £'.5.2.496. H. fy Am. 461.
Bab. 338. Lind. 2 73.

J. acutus. Great Sea-Rush. Fig. 1306.

Leafless. Stems rigid, spine-pointed. Panicle terminal, rather dense.
Bracts spinous. Capsules roundish. Sandy shores, 2-6 ft. Perenn.
July. Brownish. (§) £.5.1.1614. E.B. 2. 497. H.fyArn. 461.
Bab. 338. Lind. 2 73.

J. conglomerates. Common Rush. Fig. 1307.

Leafless. Stems soft. Panicle lateral, dense, globose. Stamens 3.
Moist ground ; abundant. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July. Brownish, (f)
E.B. 1 . 835. E. B. 2. 498. H. Am. 459. Bab. 338. Lind. 273.
J. effusus. Soft Rush. Fig. 1308.

Leafless. Stems soft. Panicle lateral, loose, much branched.
Moist ground ; abundant. 2-4 ft. Perenn. July. Yellowish. (^)
£.5.1. 836. E. B. 2. 499. H. Am. 459. Bab. 338. Lind. 273.
J. glaucus. Hard Rush. Fig. 1309.

Leafless. Stems rigid, glaucous, deeply striated. Panicle lateral,
spreading. Moist ground. 1-3 ft. Perenn. Julv. Brownish. (|)
£.5.1.665. E.B. 2.500. H.SfArn. 460. Bab' 338. Lind. 273.
J. filiformis. Thread Rush. Fig. 1310.

Leafless. Stems very slender. Panicle below the middle of the
stem. Sepals longer than the capsule. Lake shores in the North.
1 ft. Perenn. July. Green. (§) £.5.1. 1175. £. 5. 2. 501.
H.fyArn. 460. Bab. 339. Lind. 273.

s 2

132

J. Balticus. Baltic Rush. Fig. 1311.

Leafless. Stems rigid. Panicle lateral, erect. Sepals as long as
the capsule. Sandy shores. 1 ft. Perenn. July. Brown, (f)
E. B. Supp. 2621. E. B. 2. 501*. H. Am. 460. Bab. 339. Lind. 274.

J. acutiflortjs. Sharp-fowered Rush. Fig. 1312.

Leaves compressed, jointed within. Stems leafy. Panicle branched
dichotomously. Sepals bristle-pointed. Moist ground ; common.
1-2 ft. Perenn. June and July. Greenish-brown. (|) E. B.
1.238. E.B. 2.502. H.fy Am. 461. Bab. 340. Lind. 275.

J. lamprocarpus. Jointed Rush. Fig. 1313.

Leaves with internal divisions. Stems leafy, compressed. Panicle
spreading. Sepals bordered, pointed, shorter than the capsule. Wet
places. l-lg ft. Perenn. July. Brown. (§) E. B. 1. 2143.
E. B. 2. 503. H. $■ Am. 462. Bab. 340. Lind. 275.

J. NiGRiTELLtrs. Black-headed Jointed Rush. Fig. 1314.

Stems leafy. Leaves with internal divisions, cylindrical. Clusters
many-flowered. Sepals shorter than the capsule. Wet places in Scot¬
land. 1 ft. Perenn. Aug. Brown. (j|) E. B. Supp. 2643. E. B.
2.503*. H. fy Am. 461. Bab. 341. Lind. 276.

J. obtusiflortjs. Blunt-foivered Jointed Rush. Fig. 1315.

Stem and leaves cylindrical, with internal partitions. Panicles much
branched, the branches reflexed . Sepals as long as the capsule. Marshes.
1-2 ft. Perenn. Aug. Brown. (§) E.B. 1.2144. E.B. 2.504.
H. Sp Am. 462. Bab. 340. Lind. 2 76.

J. uliginostjs. Small Jointed Rush. Fig. 1316.

Stem leafy, swollen at the base. Leaves channelled. Moist heaths.
3-6 in. Perenn. June and July. Brown. (§) E. B. 1. 801.
E.B. 2.505. H. fy Am. 462. Bab. 341. Lind. 275.

J. compresstjs. Round-fruited Rush. Fig. 1317.

Stem erect, compressed, leafy below. Leaves linear, incurved at the
edges. Marshes. 1 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Greenish. (|)
E. B. 1. 934. E.B. 2. 506. H. fy Am. 463. Bab. 341. Lind. 274.

J. Gesneri. Slender Spreading Rush. Fig. 1318.

Stem leafless. Leaves slightly channelled. Panicle dichotomous,
shorter than the bracts. Highlands. 1 ft. Perenn. July. Brownish.
(|) E. B. 1. 2174. E.B. 2. 507. H.fyArn. 464. Bab. 342. Lind. 274.

J. bxjfonius. Toad Rush. Fig. 1319.

Stem leafy. Leaves angular, filiform, channelled. Panicle forked.
Flowers solitary. Moist heaths ; common. 4-8 in. Ann. July and
Aug. Greenish, (f) E.B. 1.802. E.B. 2. 508. H.fy Am. 464.
Bab. 342. Lind. 274.

J. trifidtjs. Three-leaved Rush. Fig. 1320.

Stem naked. Leaves few. Bracts 3, terminal, channelled. Flowers
1 to 3. Alpine bogs. 4-6 in. Perenn. July. Brown. (^) E.B.
1. 1482. E. B. 2. 509. II. Am. 463. Bab. 340. Lind. 274.

/306

id/*6"9

JH. SoM/er'&v. Ha- &

ee

133

J. castaneus. Clustered Rush. Fig. 1321.

Stem leafy, solitary, rounded. Leaves folded. Flowers in 1 to 3
terminal heads. Mountain bogs ; rare. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. July.
Brown. (■§■) £. B. 1. 900. E. B. 2. 510. II. fy Am. 463.

Bub. 339. Lind. 2/5.

J. squarrosus. Moss Rush. Fig. 1322.

Stems leafless. Leaves numerous, rigid, grooved. Panicle terminal,
compound. Hill bogs; abundant. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. June and
July. Brown; bracts light brown. (§) E. B. 1. 933. £.£.2.511.

H. fy Am. 464. Bub. 341. Lind. 274.

J. capitatus. Dense-headed Rush. Fig. 1323.

Stems erect, leafy at the base. Leaves channelled. Flowers in 1 or 2
heads. Jersey. 6 in. Ann. May-July. Brown. (|) E.B.Supp.
2644. E.B. 2. 511*. H. fy Am. A6A. Bab. 340. Lind. 275.

J. biglumis. Two-flowered Rush. Fig. 1324.

Stem erect, leafy at the base. Leaves linear, with sheathing bases.
Flowers 2, terminal, surmounted by a leafy bract. Alpine rills. 2-4 in.
Perenn. Aug. Brownish. (§) E. B. 1. 898. E. B. 2. 512.
11. Am. 465. Bab. 339. Lind. 2 75.

J. triglumis. Three-flowered Rush. Fig. 1325

Stem erect, leafy below. Leaves linear, channelled. Head solitary
of 1 to 3 flowers as long as the bracts. Mountain rills. 6-8 in.
Perenu. JulyandAug. Brownish. (|) £'.£.1.899. £.£.2.513.
H. fy Am. 465. Bab. 339. Lind. 275.

Genus 3. Luzula.

L. sylvatica. Great Hairy-Rush. Fig. 1326.

Panicle cymose ; peduncles elongated, about 3-flowered. Woods and
hills. lg-2ft. Perenn. May and June. Brown. (§) E.B. 1.737.
£.£.2.514. H.fyAm.466. Bab. 342. Lind. 276.

L. pilosa. Wood Hairy-Rush. Fig. 1327.

Panicle cymose, reflexed; peduncles 1 -flowered, reflexed. Sepals
shorter than the capsule. Seed with a curved crest. Woods ; common.
6 in.-l ft. Perenn. March-May. Brown. (§) £. £. 1. 736.

E.B. 2. 515. H. fy Am. 466. Bab. 343. Lind. 2 76.

L. Fosteri. Narrow-leaved Hairy-Rush. Fig. 1328.

Panicle cymose, erect; peduncles 1 -flowered, upright. Sepals longer
than the capsule. Seeds with a straight crest. Woods. 6-8 in.
Perenn. May and June. Brown. (-§•) £.£. 1.1293. £.£.2.516.
H.fyArn.A 66. Bab.3A2. Lind. 276.

L. campestris. Field Hairy-Rush. Fig. 1329.

Panicle of 3 or 4 sessile or pedunculated clusters. Sepals longer than
the capsule. Heaths and dry pastures ; common. 4-8 in. Perenn.
April and May. Dark brown ; anthers yellow. (4) £• £• 1» 672.

E. B. 2. 517. H. Am. 467. Bab. 343. Lind. 2/6.

L. arcuata. Curved Hairy-Rush. Fig. 1330.

Leaves channelled, hairy. Panicle nearly umbellate, drooping.
Summits of Highland mountains. 2-6 in. Perenn. July. Brown.
(|) £. B. Supp. 2688. E. B. 2. 518*. H. fy Am. 467. Bab. 343.
Lind. 277-

134

L. spicata. Spiked Hairy-Rush. Fig. 1331.

Leaves recurved, somewhat channelled. Panicle spike-like, drooping.
High mountains. 6-8 in. Perenn. July. Brown, (f) £. £. 1.11/6.
E B. 2. 518. H. Am. 343. Lind. 277.

Order XCVII. BUTOMACE^E.

Genus 1. Butomus.

B. tjmbellatus. Flowering Rush. Fig. 1332.

Leaves linear, three-sided. Flowers in a large umbel. Ponds and
slow streams. 2-4 ft. Perenn. June and July. Pink or white, (f)
£.21.1.651. £.£.2.579. II. fy Am. 4 69. Bab. 346. Lind. 272.

Order XCVIII. ALISMACEJE.

Genus 1. Actinocarpus.

A. Damasonium. Star-fruit. Fig. 1333.

Leaves floating, oblong-cordate. Capsules 6, in a star-like cluster.
Pools. 6-8 in. Perenn. June and July. White. (|) £.£.1.1615.
£. £. 2. 536. H. Am. 345. Bab. 345. Lind. 253.

Genus 2. Alisma.

A. Plantago. Water-Plantain. Fig. 1334.

Leaves ovate or lanceolate, on long stalks. Flower-stalks in whorled
panicles. Ditches. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July. Pale purple, (f) E.B.

I. 837. £.£.2.537. H. fyArn.470. Bab. 3 45. Lind. 253.

A. natans. Floating Water-Plantain. Fig. 1335.

Leaves elliptical, floating ; those at the rooting base linear, tapering.
Flowers single, on long peduncles. Lakes ; local. 4-5 in. Perenn.
July and Aug. White, with a yellow spot, (f) £. £. 1. 775.

£. £. 2. 539. H. Am. 470. Bab. 345. Lind. 253.

A. ranunculoides. Lesser Water-Plantain. Fig. 1336.

Leaves linear- lanceolate, sometimes floating. Flowers in umbels.
Bogs and pools. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. Aug. and Sept. Pale purple,
(l) £.£.1.326. £.£.2.538. H. fy Am. 470. Bab. 345. Lind. 253.
A. repens. Creeping Water-Plantain. Fig. 1337.

Procumbent. Leaves lanceolate, sometimes floating. Flowers on
solitary peduncles. Pools in Wales. 6 in. Perenn. Aug. and Sept.
Pale purple or white, (f) £. £. Supp. 2722. £. £. 2. 538*.

H. fy Am. 470. Bab. 345. Lind. 253.

Genus 3. Sagittaria.

S. sagittifolia. Arrow-head. Fig. 1338.

Leaves arrow-shaped. Stalks triangular. Ditches and pools. 1-2 ft.

Perenn. July and Aug. White, with a purple spot, (f) £.£.1.84.
£. £.2. 1318. H. Am. 345. Bab. 471. Lind. 253.

Order XCIX. JUNCAGINACE^E.

Genus 1. Triglochin.

T. PALUSTRE. Arrow-grass. Fig. 1339.

Leaves linear, fleshy. Fruit linear, 3-celled. Boggy meadows.

6-10 in. Perenn. Aug. Green, (f) £.£.1.366. £.£.2.532.

II. 8r Am. 472. Bab. 346. Lind. 252.

T. maritimum. Sea-side Arrow-grass. Fig. 1340.

Leaves linear, fleshy. Fruit ovate, 6-celled. Salt marshes and
muddy shores. 6-10 in. Perenn. May-Aug. Green, (f) E.B.

I . 255. £. £. 2. 533. H. <$• Am. 472. Bab. 346. Lind. 252.

135

Genus 2. Scheuchzeria.

S. palustrts. Fig. 1341.

Leaves semicylindrical. Flowers in a terminal raceme. Bogs ; rare.

6 in. Perenn. July. Green, (f) E. B. 1. 1801. E. B. 2. 531.

H. ^ Am. 472. Bab. 346. Lind. 252.

Order C. TYPHACE^E.

Genus 1. Typha.

T. latifolta. Bull-rush. Cat' s-tail. Fig. 1342.

Leaves broad, linear. Flowers in a continuous spike. Pools. 4-6 ft.

Perenn. July and Aug. Brown; sterile, yellow. (■!■) E.B.l. 1455.
E B. 2. 1 24 1 . H. Am. 473. Bab. 34 7. Lind. 24 7.

T. angusti folia. Lesser Bull-rush. Fig. 1343.

Leaves linear, narrow. Sterile and fertile catkins rather distant.
Pools. 3-4 ft. Perenn. July. Brown ; sterile, yellow, (i) E. B.
1 1456. E.B. 2.1242. H.fyArn.473. Bab. 347. Lind. 247.

T. minor. Dwarf Bull-rush. Fig. 1344.

Leaves linear-setaceous, convex beneath. A doubtful native. 1-1 1 ft.
Perenn. July. Brown ; sterile, yellow. (§) E.B. 1. 1457. E.B. 2.
1243. H.fyArn.473. Bab. 346. Lind. 247.

Genus 2. Sparganium.

S. ramosum. Branched Bur-Reed. Fig. 1345.

Leaves long, linear, concave at the sides. Stem branched. Stigma
linear. Ditches. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July. Stamens yellow. (|) E. B.

I. 744. E. B. 2. 1244. H. Am. 474. Bab. 347. Lind. 247.

S. simplex. Upright Bur-Reed. Fig. 1346.

Leaves flat at the sides. Stem simple. Stigma linear. Ditches.
1-2 ft. Perenn. July. Stamens pale yellow. (-|) E. B. 1. 745.
E. B. 2. 1245. H. fy Am. 474. Bab. 34 7. Lind. 247.

S. natans. Floating Bur-Reed. Fig. 1347.

Leaves floating, flat. Stem simple. Stigma ovate. Lakes. 6-10 in.
Perenn. July and Aug. Stamens yellow. (|) E.B. 1.273. E.B.
2. 1246. H. fy Am. 474. Bab. 348. Lind. 248.

Order CL ARACEiE.

Genus 1. Arum.

A. mactjlatum. Cuchow-pint . Lords-and-Ladies. Fig. 1348.
Leaves halberd-shaped, glossy, usually spotted. Spadix club-shaped.
Hedges, banks, and thickets. Poisonous. 6-10 in. Perenn. May.
Spathe greenish ; spadix purple. (|) E. B. 1. 1298. E. B. 2. 1319.
II. fy Am. 475. Bab. 34 8. Lind. 246.

Order CII. ORONTIACE^E.

Genus 1. Acorus.

A. Calamus. Sweet-Flag. Fig. 1349.

Leaves sword-shaped. Stem leaf-like. Flowers in a sessile spadix.
River-sides. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July. Green. (|) E. B. 1. 356.
E. B. 2. 495. H. fy Am. 476. Bab. 348. Lind. 246.

Order CIII. PISTIACE.E.

Genus 1. Lemna.

L. trtsulca. Ivy-leaved Duckweed. Fig. 1350

Fronds elliptic-lanceolate, linear at the base. Ditches and ponds.
Ann. June and July. E. B. 1. 926. E. B. 2. 33. H. fy Am. 4 77.
Bab. 349. Lind. 251.

136

L. minor. Small Duclnoeed. Fig. 1351.

Frond ovate, nearly flat. Root a single fibre. Ditches and ponds.
Ann. June. E. B. 1. 1095. E.B. 2.34. II. Am. 477 . Bab. 349.
Lind. 251.

L. gibba. Thick-leaved Duckweed. Fig. 1352.

Frond obovate, hemispherical beneath. Root of several fibres. Ponds
and ditches. Ann. June. E.B. 1. 1233. E.B. 2. 35. Il.fyArn.
4 77. Bab. 349. Lind. 252.

L. polyrhiza. Great Duckweed. Fig. 1353.

Frond roundish-ovate, furrowed. Root with numerous fibres. Ponds.
Ann. June. E.B. \.24b$. E.B. 2.36. H.fyArn.477 . Bab. 349.
Lind. 251.

Order CIV. NAIADACEiE.

Genus 1 Potamogeton.

P. natans. Broad-leaved Bond-weed. Fig. 1354.

Upper leaves oblong-ovate, stalked, floating ; lower linear, sessile.
Stipules large, free. Pools and streams. Perenn. July. Green, (f)
E. BA. 1822. E.B. 2.236. H.fyArn. 484. Bab. 350. Lind. 250.

P. plantagineus. Plantain-leaved Bond-weed. Fig. 1355.

Leaves membranous, reticulated, stalked ; upper ones elliptical ;
lower oblong. Spike slender. Pools. Perenn. July. Green, (§)
E. B. Supp. 2848. H. fy Am. 484. Bab. 350.

P. heterophyllous. Various-leaved Bond-weed. Fig. 1356.

Upper leaves on footstalks, floating, elliptical ; lower linear-lanceolate,
sessile. Stipules small. Flower-stalks swelling upwards. Pools.
Perenn, July. Green, (f) E.B. 1. 1285. E.B. 2. 237. H.fyArn.

482. Bab. 351. Lind. 250.

P. rufescens. Bed Bond-weed. Fig. 1357.

Upper leaves elliptic-lanceolate, on footstalks, floating ; lower lanceo¬
late, nearly sessile. Stipules small. Plant reddish. Pools. Perenn.
Aug. Brownish, (f). E. B. 1. 1286. E. B. 2. 238. H. fy Am.

483. Bab. 351. Lind. 250.

P. lucens. Shining Bond-vjeed. Fig. 1358.

Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, submersed. Stipules large. Pools. Perenn.
Aug. Green. (§) E. B. 1. 376. E. B. 2. 239. II. Am. 482.
Bab. 352. Lind'. 250.

P. lanceolatus. Lanceolate Bond-weed. Fig. 1359.

Leaves lanceolate ; upper ones sometimes floating. Spike ovate,
dense, with few flowers. Stipules acute. Lakes. Perenn. Aug. Brown.
(§) E.B. 1. 1985. E. B. 2. 240. H. 8f Am. 483. Bab. 351. Lind.
250.

P perfoliatus. Perfoliate Bond-weed. Fig. 1360.

Leaves submersed, ovate, heart-shaped, stem-clasping. Stipules
small. Ponds. Perenn. July and Aug. Brownish. (-§■) E.B. 1. 168.
E. B. 2. 241. II. Am. 481. Bab. 352. Lind. 249.

<J. E. Sowerfoy I'eaf.

137

P. crtsptts. Curled Pond-weed. Fig. 1361.

Leaves submersed, lanceolate, serrated, waved at the margins. P00I3
andditches. JuneandJuly. Greenish. (§) E.B. 1.1012. E.B.2.

242. H. fy Am. 481. Bab. 352. Lind. 249.

P. oblongus. Oblong-leaved Pond-weed. Fig. 1362.

Leaves all stalked ; upper ones floating, oblong-elliptical ; lower
linear-lanceolate. Spike cylindrical, on a cylindrical stalk. Ditches and
pools. Perenn. July. Brown. (§) E. B. Supp. 2849. H.fy Am.
484. Bab. 350. Lind. 250.

P. praslongtjs. Long-stalked Pond-weed. Fig. 1363.

Leaves narrow-oblong, stem-clasping, obtuse and hooded at the end.
Peduncles very long, cylindrical. Pools. Perenn. July. Brown,
(f) E.B. Supp. 2858. H. fy Am. 481. Bab. 352. Lind. 334.

P. compressus. Flat-stalked Pond-weed. Fig. 1364.

Leaves linear, obtuse, 5-ribbed. Stem compressed. Ditches. Perenn.
June and July. Brown. (|^) E. B. 1. 418. E. B. 2. 243. II. fy Am.
480. Bab. 352. Lind. 249.

P. gramineus. Grassy Pond-weed. Fig. 1365.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, 3-ribbed. Stalk shorter than the
stipules. Ditches. Perenn. July. Brownish, (f) E.B. 1.2253.
E.B. 2. 244. H. Am. 480. Bab. 353. Lind. 249.

P. ptjsilltjs. Small Pond-weed. Fig. 1366.

Leaves linear, obtuse, 3-ribbed. Stalks much longer than the
stipules. Ponds and ditches. Perenn. July. Brown, (f) E. B.
1. 215. E. B. 2. 245. H. Am. 480. Bab. 353. Lind. 249.

P. acutifolius. Sharp-leaved Pond-weed. Fig. 1367.

Leaves linear, 3-ribbed, with many parallel veins. Stem flat.
Ditches. Perenn. July. Brown. (§) E. B. Supp. 2609. E. B.
2.245*. H. Am. 481. Bab. 353.' Lind. 333.

P. zoster^efolius. Grass-wrack Pond-weed. Fig. 1368.

Leaves broadly linear, 3-ribbed, with many parallel veins. Stalks
swelling upward. Stem flat. Ponds and lakes. Perenn. July. Brown,
(f) E. B. Supp. 2685. E. B. 2. 245**. H. Am. 481. Bab.
352. Lind. 249.

P. pectinatus. Fennel-leaved Pond-weed. Fig. 1369.

Leaves bristle-shaped, sheathing. Stipules adnate. Spike inter¬
rupted. Green. (§) E.B. 1. 323. E.B. 2.246. H. Am. 479.
Bab. 354. Lind. 248.

P. densus. Close-leaved Pond-weed. Fig. 1370.

Leaves ovate, opposite, crowded. Stipules wanting. Ditches and
pools. June. Brown. (|) E. B. 1. 397. E.B. 2. 247. H.fy Am.
479. Bab. 354. Lind, 248.

T

138

P. longifolius. Long-leaved Pond-weed. Fig. 1371.

Leaves elongate-lanceolate, narrowing below. Stipules winged. Pe¬
duncle very long, thickened upwards. Lakes. Perenn. Aug. Brown.
(§) E. B. Supp. 2847. H. fy Am. 352. Bab. 482.

Genus 2. Ruppia.

It. MARITTMA. Fig. 1372.

Leaves submersed, long, linear; sheaths inflated. Salt ditches.
Flower-stalks long, often spiral. Perenn. June and July. Green.
(|) E.B. 1. 136. E.B. 2. 248. H. <£* Am. 485. 'Bab. 355.
Lind. 251.

Genus 3. Zannichellia.

Z. palustris. Horned Pond-weed. Fig. 1373.

Leaves grass-like. Flowers axillary, monoecious. Ditches. Ann.
Aug. Greenish. (§) E.B. 1. 1844. E. B. 2. 1240. H. fy Am.
486. Bab. 355. Lind . 251.

Genus 4. Zostera.

Z. marina. Grass-wrack. Fig. 1374.

Plant submersed. Leaves grass-like. Shallow bays and salt ditches.
Perenn. Aug. (|) E.B. 1.467. E.B. 2. A. H.tyAm.487. Bab.
356. Lind. 251.

Order CV. CYPERACEtE.

Genus 1. Cyperus.

C. longus. Sweet Cyperus. Fig. 1375.

Stem triangular. Umbel leafy, twice compound. Bogs ; rare.
2-3 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Brown. (|) E. B. 1. 1309.
E.B. 2. 55. H.fy Am. 489. Bab. 357. Lind. 279.

C. fuscus. Brown Cyperus. Fig. 1376.

Stem triangular. Umbel compound. Involucrum of three leaves.
Bogs; rare. 4-6 in. Ann. July. (§) E.B.Supp. 2626. E.B. 2.
55*. H. Am. 489. Bab. 35 7. Lind. 279.

Genus 2. Schienus.

S. nigricans. Black Bog-rush. Fig. 1377.

Stem round, naked. Flowers in roundish heads between two leaves.
Leaves setaceous. Bogs. 8 in. Perenn. July. Brown. (§) E.B.
1.1121. E.B. 2. 50. H.fyArn. 490. Bab. 358. Lind. 280.

S. compressus. Compressed Bog-rush. Fig. 1378.

Stem roundish. Spikes 2-ranked, many-flowered. Leaves flat,

rough. 1 ft. Perenn. July. Brown. (§) E. B. 1. 791. E. B.
2. 51. Ii. fy Am. 491. Bab. 362. Lind. 280.

S. rufus. Brown Bog-rush. Fig. 1379.

Stem round. Spikes 2-ranked, few-flowered. Leaves channelled,
smooth. 8-10 in. Perenn. July. Brown. (|) E. B. 1. 1010.
E. B. 2. 52. H. Am. 362. Bab. 491. Lind. 280.

Genus 3. Cladium.

C. mariscus. Twig-rush. Fig. 1380.

Panicle repeatedly compound, leafy. Stem round, leafy. Leaves
prickly on the edges and keel. Bogs. 3-4 ft. Perenn. July and
Aug. Brown. (|) E. B. 1. 950. E.B. 2. 49. II. Am. 490.
Bab. 358. Lind. 283.

139

Genus 4. Rhynchospora.

R. alba. White Beak-rush. Fig. 1381.

Flower-heads equal to the floral leaves. Leaves tapering. Bogs ;
rare. 6-10 in. Perenn. July. Pale brown. (£) E. B. 1. 985.
E. B. 2. 53. H. fy Am. 490. Bab. 358. Lind. 2/9.

R. fusca. Brown Beak-rush. Fig. 1382.

Floral leaves longer than the spikes. Leaves thread-shaped. Bogs;
rare. 6-8 in. Perenn. July. Brown. (■§) E. B. 1 . 1575. E.B.
2.54. H. ^ Am. 491. Bab. 3 58. Lind. 2/9.

Genus 5. Eleocharis.

E. palustris. Creeping Spike-rush. Fig. 1383.

Stem round. Root creeping. Stigmas 2. Fruit lenticular. Ditches
and bogs. 4-8 in. Perenn. June and July. Brown, (f) E. B.
1. 131. E.B. 2. 56. H. 8f Am. 492. Bab. 358. Lind. 280.

E. multicaults. Many-stalked Spike-rush. Fig. 1384.

Stem round. Stigmas 3. Fruit acutely triangular. 6-8 in. Perenn.
June. Brown. (§) E.B. 1. 1187. E. B. 2. 57. H. fy Am. 492.
Bab. 359. Lind. 280.

E. casspitosa. Scaly Spike-rush. Fig. 1385.

Stem round, sheathed and scaly at the base. Outer glumes as long
as the spike. Mountains and heaths. 2-5 in. Perenn. July. Brown,
(f) E.B. 1. 1029. E.B. 2. 58. H. fy Am. 497. Bab. 359. Lind. 281.

E. pauciflora. Chocolate Spike-rush. Fig. 1386.

Stem round. Spike few-flowered, longer than its outer glumes.
Moors. 6-8 in. Perenn. July and Aug. Brown. (£) 2LR. 1.1122.
E.B. 2.59. H. §• Am. 496. Bab. 359. Lind. 281.

E. acictjlaris. Least Spike-rush. Fig. 1387.

Stems very slender, 4-angled, sheathed at the base. Wet places.
2-5 in. Perenn. Aug. Brown, (f) E.B. 1. 749. E.B. 2.60.
H. fy Am. 493. Bab. 359. Lind. 280.

Genus 6. Eleogiton.

E. fltjitans. Floating Water-rush. Fig. 1388.

Flowering stalks alternate, round, naked. Stem branched, leafy.
Leaves partlv floating. Pools. Perenn. June and July. Brownish-green.
(§) E.B.l. 216. E. J3.2.61. H.fyArn. 493. Bab. 361. Lind. 283.

Genus 7. Scirpus.

S. lacustris. Bull-rush. Great Club-rush. Fig. 1389.

Stem round. Panicle cymose, twice compound, terminal ; spikes
ovate. Ditches and pools. 6-8 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Brown.
(|) E.B. 1.666. E.B. 2. 62. H.fyArn.494. Bab. 360. Lind. 281.

S. glauctjs. Glaucous Club-rush. Fig. 1390.

Panicle rather dense. Bracts long. Leaves glaucous. A variety of
lacustris. Pools. 2-4 ft. Perenn. July. Brown, (f) E.B. 1.2321.
E. B. 2. 62*. H. Am. 495. Bab. 361. Lind. 281.

t 2

140

S. Holosch<enus. Round-headed Club-rush. Fig. 1391.

Stem round, naked. Flowers in globular heads. Sea-shores. 2-3 ft.
Perenn. Oct. Brown, (f) E. B. 1. 161 2. E. B. 2. 63. H.fyArn.
494. Bab. 362. Lind. 283.

S. setaceus. Least Club-rush. Fig. 1392.

Stem bristle-shaped. Spikes about 2, sessile, terminal, shorter than
the bracts. Watery places. 6 in. Perenn. July-Sept. Brown, (§)
E.B.l. 1693. E. B. 2. 64. H. Am. 494. Bab. 362. Lind. 283.

S. Savii. Savi’s Club-rush. Fig. 1393.

Stem round, leafy below. Spikes terminal, 1-3, shorter than the
bracts. Bogs. 6 in. Perenn. July. Brown. (§) E. B. Supp.
2782. H.tyArn. 494. Bab. 362.

S. triqueter. Triangular Club-rush. Fig. 1394.

Stem triangular, naked, sharp-pointed. Spikes lateral. Stigmas 2.
River-banks. 3 ft. Perenn. Aug. Brown. (•§) E. B. 1. 1694.
E. B. 2. 65. H. Am. 495. Bab. 360. Lind. 281.

S. carinatus. Blunt Club-rush. Fig. 1395.

Stem bluntly triangular, round at the base. Leaves absent. Pauicle
cymose, terminal. Stigmas 2. River-banks. 3 ft. Perenn. Aug.
Brown, (f; E.B. 1.1983. E.B. 2.66. H.fyArn.4 95. Bab. 360.
Lind. 281.

S. pungens. Sharp Club-rush. Fig. 1396.

Stem sharply triangular. Spikes sessile, lateral. Glumes with
pointed lobes. Ponds; Jersey. 6 in. -1 ft. Perenn. June and July.
Brown. (£) E.B. Supp. 2819. H. fy Am. 495. Bab. 360. Lind. 337.

S. maritimus. Sea Club-rush. Fig. 1397.

Stem triangular. Panicle leafy, terminal. Glumes pointed, in 3
segments. Sea-shores. 1-3 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Brown, (f)
E.B. 1.542. E.B. 2. 67. H. Am. 496.' Bab. 359. Lind. 281.

S. sylvaticus. Wood Club-rush. Fig. 1398.

Stem triangular, leafy. Cyme leafy, terminal, much divided. Spikes
clustered. Glumes entire. Woods. 3 ft. Perenn. July. Brown. (-|)
E.B. 1. 919. E. B. 2. 68. H. Am. 496. Bab. 360. Lind. 281.

Genus 8. Eriophorum.

E. vaginatum. Hare's-tail Cotton-grass. Fig. 1399.

Spike solitary, ovate. Stem triangular above, with a swelling sheath
below. Glumes membranous. Moors. 6-8 in. Perenn. May.
Brownish ; hairs white, (§) E.B. 1. 873. E. B. 2. 69. H. fy Am.
497. Bab. 363. Lind. 282.

E. capitatum. Round-headed Cotton-grass. Fig. 1400.

Spike solitary, roundish. Stem round, with a swelling sheath.
Glumes membranous. Mountains. 6-8 in. Perenn. June. Greenish;
hairs white. (|) E. B. 1.2387. E.B. 2. 70. H. fy Am. 498. Bab.
363. Lind. 282*

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'okn,. Kj 'j h ?~riy. Tezii.

141

E. alpinum. Alpine Cotton-grass. Fig. 1401.

Spike solitary, oblong-ovate. Stem slender, naked, angular. Leaves
short. Glumes strongly keeled. Mountain bogs ; rare. 6 in. Perenn.
May. Brownish; hairs white. (|-) E. B. 1. 311. E. B. 2. 71.
H. fy- Am. 497. Bab. 363. Lind. 282.

E. polystachion. Broad-leaved Cotton-grass. Fig. 1402.

Spikes several. Stems round. Leaves flat, with a triangular point.
Bogs. 8 in. Perenn. May. (^) Brown; hairs white. E.B. 1.563.
E. B. 2. 72. H. Am. 498. ' Bab. 363.

E. ANGtiSTiFOLiuM. Common Cotton-grass. Fig. 1403.

Spikes many. Stem nearly round. Leaves linear, channelled. Bogs ;
abundant. 8-9 in. Perenn. May. Brown ; hairs white. (§) E.B. 1.
364. E. B. 2. 73. 11. Am. 498. Bub. 363. Lind. 282.

E. gracile. Slender Cotton-grass. Fig. 1404.

Spikes many. Leaves triangular. A variety of angustifolium.
Mountains. 6-8 in. Perenn. May-Julv. Brown ; hairs white. (§)
E.B. 1.2402. E.B. 2.74. H.fyArn. 498. Bab. 363. Lind. 282.

Genus 9. Elyna.

E. caricina. Fig. 1405.

Spikes crowded. Leaves slender, shorter than the stem. Moors.
6-8in. Perenn. Aug. Brown. (§) E.B. 1.1410. A1. 1?. 2. 1303.
H. fy Am. 499. Bab. 364. Lind. 284.

Genus 10. Carex.

C. dioica. Creeping Sedge. Fig. 1406.

Base creeping. Stem and leaves nearly smooth. Spike simple, di¬
oecious. Fruit ovate, rough at the margin. Bogs. 5-6 in. Perenn.
May. Brown, (f) E.B. 1. 543. E. B. 2. 1247. H. Am. 500.
Bab. 364. Lind. 284.

C. Davalliana. Prickly Sedge. Fig. 1407.

Root tufted. Stem and leaves rough. Spike simple, dioecious.
Fruit ovate-lanceolate. Bogs ; rare. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. June.
Brown, (f) E.B. 1. 2123. E. B. 2. 1248. H. fy Am. 500. Bab.
364. Lind. 284.

C. pulicaris. Flea Sedge. Fig. 1408,

Spike simple ; upper half with barren, the lower with fertile flowers.
Fruit smooth and polished. Bogs. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. May and
June. Brown. (|) E. B. 1. 1051. E.B. 2. 1249. H. fy Am. 500.
Bab. 364. Lind. 284.

C. incurva. Curved Sedge. Fig. 1409.

Stem smooth, bluntly angular. Leaves channelled. Spikelets in a
roundish head, sterile at the end. Fruit broadly ovate. Sea-shores.
3-4 in. Perenn. June. Brown. (|) E.B. 1.927. E.B. 2.1250.
H.fyArn. 501. Bab. 365. Lind. 285.

C. arenaria. Sea Sedge. Fig. 1410.

Roots creeping. Stem triangular. Leaves flat. Spikelets crowded ;
the lower fertile, upper barren. Fruit with a membranaceous wing.
Sandy shores. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. June. Fertile green ; barren brown,
(f) E. B. 1. 928. E. B. 2. 1251. H. $ Am. 505. Bab. 366.
Lind. 285.

112

C. intermedia. Soft Brown Sedge. Fig. 1411.

Stem triangular. Leaves flat. Spikelet3 in an oblong dense head.
Fruit acutely margined, longer than the scale. Marshes. 1-1 £ ft.
Perenn. June. Brownish, (f) E. B. 1. 2042. E. B. 2. 1252.
H.fyArn. 506. Bub. 365. Lind. 286.

C. divisa. Marsh Sedge. Fig. 1412.

Base creeping. Spikelets few, chiefly in a dense head ; the lowest
solitary, with a bract at its base ; barren at the end. Marshes. 1 ft.
Perenn. May. Brownish. (§) E. B. 1. 1096. E. B. 2. 1253.
H. fy Am. 506. Bab. 365. Lind. 286.

C. muricata. Greater Prickly Sedge. Fig. 1413.

Spike oblong, of 4-6 spikelets. Fruit ovate, pointed, spreading.
Moist pastures. 1-2 ft. Perenn. May. Brownish, (f) E. B. 1.
1097. E.B. 2.1254. H.fyArn. 505. Bab. 366. Lind. 286.

C. divulsa. Grey Sedge. Fig. 1414.

Spike elongated, lax. Spikelets 5 or 6, the lower somewhat distant.
Fruit ovate, rough at the point. 1 ft. Perenn. May. Greenish,
(f) E.B.l. 629. E.B. 2.1255. H.Sr Am. 505. Bab. 3 66. Lind. 286.

C. vulpina. Great Rough Sedge. Fig. 1415.

Stem acutely triangular. Leaves broad. Spike crowded, cylindrical.
Fruit ovate, pointed, spreading. Meadows. 2 feet. Perenn. June.
Greenish, (-f) E. B. 1. 307. E. B. 2. 1256. LI. fy Am. 505. Bab.
366. Lind. 286.

C. teretiuscula. Smaller Panicled Sedge. Fig. 1416.

Stem roundish. Leaves narrow. Spike dense, oblong. Fruit with
a notched, serrated beak. 2 ft. Perenn. May and June. Brown,
(f) E. B. 1. 1065. E. B. 2. 1257. II. Am. 504. Bab. 36 7.

Lind. 286.

C. paniculata. Greater Panicled Sedge. Fig. 1417.

Stem acutely triangular. Leaves broad. Spikelets forming a panicle.
Fruit with a slightly cloven beak. 3-5 ft. Perenn. June. Brown.

(§) E. B. 1. 1064. E. B. 2. 1258. H. Am. 503. Bab. 367.

Lind. 286.

C. stellulata. Star-headed Sedge. Fig. 1418.

Spikelets few, rather distant, sterile at the base. Fruit ovate, acute,
much attenuated, spreading. Marshes. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. May
and June. Yellowish. (|) E.B. 1.806. E.B. 2.1259. H.fyArn.
501. Bab. 368. Lind. 284.

C. leporina. Hare' s-foot Sedge. Fig. 1419.

Spikelets ovate, 3 or 4 together. Fruit elliptical, beaked, scarcely
longer than the scale. Highlands. 4-8 in. Perenn. July. Browu.

(f) E.B.Supp. 2815. E. B. 2. 1259*. H. fy Am. 502. Bab. 369.
Lind. 338.

C. curt a. White Sedge. Fig. 1420.

Spikelets 5-7, rather distant. Involucral bracts minute. Fruit
broadly ovate, smooth, as long as the scale. Bogs. 1 ft. Perenn.
June, (f) E. B. 1.1386. E.B. 2.1260. H. Am. 501. Bab.
369. Lind. 285.

143

C. elongata. Elongated Sedge. Fig. 1421.

Spikelets numerous, oblong, lax, rather distant. Involucral bracts
minute. Fruit ovate-oblong, longer than the scales. Marshes. 1-1 \ ft.
Perenn. June. Brownish, (f) E.B. 1. 1920. E. B. 2. 1261.

H. Am. 502. Bab. 369. Lind. 285.

C. ovalis. Oval Sedge. Fig. 1422.

Spikelets in an oval head. Fruit ovate, pointed, with a broad mem¬
branous margin. Marshes. 1 ft. Perenn. June. Greenish. (|)
E.B. 1. 306. E. B. 2. 1262. H.fy Am. 501. Bab. 369. Lind.
285.

C. remota. Remote-flowered Sedge. Fig. 1423.

Spikelets nearly sessile, solitary, very distant. Bracts leafy, higher
than the stem. Fruit oblong-ovate, longer than the scale. Moist
woods. 1-1 1 ft. Perenn. June. Green. (§) E. B. 1. 832.
E. B. 2. 1263. H. Am. 502. Bab. 368. Lind. 285.

C. axillaris. Axillary-clustered Sedge. Fig. 1424.

Lower spikelets in distant clusters. Bracts leafy ; the lowermost as
long as the spike. Marshes. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June. Green. (§)
E. B. 1. 993. E. B. 2. 1264. H. fy Am. 503. Bab. 368. Lind.
285.

C. PULLA. Russet Sedge. Fig. 1425.

Spikes ovate, obtuse, the lower fertile one stalked. Bracts leafy,
not sheathing. Fruit elliptical, inflated, spreading. Mountain bogs.
1-2 ft. Perenn. June. Brown. (§) E. B. 1. 2045. E. B. 2.
1265. H.fyAm.5 10. Bab. 379. Lind. 289.

C. CjESPitosa. Bog Sedge. Fig. 1426.

Leaves erect, linear. Bracts leafy, auricled at the base. Fertile
spikes sessile, cylindrical, obtuse. Marshes. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn.
May and June. Dark purple. (§) E. B. 1. 1507. E.B. 2. 1266.
H. Am. 509. Bab. 370. Lind. 291.

C. rigida. Rigid Sedge. Fig. 1427.

Leaves rigid, broadly linear. Bracts leafy, auricled at the base.
Fertile spikes subcylindrical, obtuse, the lowest stalked. Mountains.
3-6 in. Perenn. June and July. Brown. (§) E.B. 1. 2047.
E. B. 2. 1267. H. Am. 508. Bab. 371. Lind. 290.

C. stricta. Glaucous Sedge. Fig. 1428.

Leaves erect, glaucous, reticulated with filaments at the base. Fertile
spikes nearly sessile, erect, cylindrical, elongated. Marshes. 2 ft.
Perenn. April and May. Dark brown, (f) E.B. 1.914. E.B. 2.
1268. H. Am. 509. Bab. 370. Lind. 291.

C. AQ.UATILIS. Straight-leaved Mountain Sedge. Fig. 1429.

Stem smooth, obtusely triangular. Bracteal leaves very long. Fertile
spikes nearly sessile, linear, elongated, attenuated below. Marshes in
Scotland. 1—2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Dark brown, (f) E.B.
Supp.27bS. E.B. 2.1268*. H. ^ Am. 508. Bab. 371. Lind. 339.

C. acuta. Slender-spiked Sedge. Fig. 1430.

Stem sharply triangular. Bracts very long. Spikes cylindrical, acu¬
minate, slender, drooping when in flower. Marshes. 2-3 ft. Perenn.
May. Purplish, (f) E.B.l. 580. E.B. 2.1269. H. Am. 509.
Bab. ^70. Lind. 291.

144

C. pauciflora. Few-flowered Sedge. Fig. 1431.

Spike simple, of few flowers; the uppermost barren. Fruit rather
longer than the scale. Peaty moors. 3-6 in. Perenn. June. Brownish.
(§) E. B. 1. 2041. E.B.2. 1270. H. £ Am. 500. Bab. 365.

Lind. 284.

C. rupestris. Bock Sedge. Fig. 1432.

Spike linear, with a few lax fertile flowers at the base. Fruit obovate,
triquetrous. Rocks in Scotland. 3-9 in. Perenn. Aug. Brown.
(I) E.B.Supp. 2814. E. B. 2. 1270*. H. &■ Am. 500. Bab. 365.
Lind. 338.

C. digitata. Fingered Sedge. Fig. 1433.

Leaves plane. Bracts membranaceous, sheathing. Spikes linear,
lax, erect, approximated ; fertile ones 2 or 3, longer than the barren.
Woods. 6-8 in. Perenn. May. Brownish. (|) E. B. 1. 615.
E. B.2. 1271. H. Am. 517. Bab. 374. Lind. 287.

C. clandestina. Dwarf Silvery Sedge. Fig. 1434.

Leaves channelled. Bracts membranaceous, sheathing. Fertile
spikes distant, few-flowered, nearly covered by the sheaths. Near Bristol.
1-2 in. Perenn. May. Brown, (!) E.B. 1.2124. E.B.2.1272.
H. ty- Am. 51 7. Bab. 3 74. Lind. 28 7.

C. pendula. Pendulous Sedge. Fig. 1435.

Sheaths nearly equal to the flower-stalks. Spikes very long, cylin¬
drical, drooping. Moist woods. 3-6 ft. Perenn. May and June.
Fertile greenish; barren brown. (|) E.B. 1.2315. E.B. 2.1273.
H. fy Arn. 516. Bab. 374. Lind. 287.

C. strigosa. Loose Pendulous Sedge. Fig. 1436.

Sheaths nearly as long as the stalks. Spikes very slender, nearly
erect. Woods. 1-2 ft. Perenn. May and June. Green. (|)
E. B.l. 994. E.B. 2.1274. H.fyArn.5\6. Bab. 374. Lind. 287.

C. sylvatica. Pendulous Wood Sedge. Fig. 1437.

Sheaths not half the length of the stalks. Spikes slender, lax, droop¬
ing. Moist woods; common. 1-2 ft. Perenn. May and June.
Brownish. (|) E. B. 1. 995. E. B. 2. 1275. H. Am. 516.
Bab. 378. Lind. 287 .

C. depauperata. Starved Sedge. Fig. 1438.

Sheaths much shorter than the stalks. Spikes erect ; fertile ones
distant, few-flowered. Drv woods. 1-1 ! ft. Perenn. May and June.
Brown. (|) ^.^.1. 1098. E.B. 2. 1276. H.$-Arn.5 13. Bab.

378. Lind. 28 7.

C. Mielichoferi. Loose-spiked Rock Sedge. Fig. 1439.

Sheaths not half as long as the stalks. Fertile spikes few-flowered,
lax, drooping. Mountains. 2-6 in. Perenn. June and July. Brown,
(f) E. B. 1. 2293. E. B. 2. 12 77. H. Am. 513. Bab. 373.

Lind. 287.

C. capielaris. Dwarf Sedge. Fig. 1440.

Sheath shorter than the stalks. Fertile spikes lax, drooping, few-
flowered. Mountains. 2-6 in. Perenn. June and July. Brown;
fruit dark brown. (!) E. B. 1. 2069. E. B. 2. 1278. H. Am.
514. Bab. 374. Lind. 288.

145

C. limosa. Mud Sedge. Fig. 1441.

Sheaths very short. Fertile spikes oblong-ovate, dense, pendulous.
Scales as long as the fruit. Muddy bogs. 8-10 in. Perenn. June.
Brown. (4) E.B. 1. 2043. E. B. 2. 1279. H.^Am. 514. Bab.
3 73. Lin 'd. 288.

C. rariflora. Loose-flowered Sedge. Fig. 1442.

Sheaths nearly wanting. Fertile spikes narrow-oblong, few-flowered,
pendulous. Scales longer than the fruit. 5-6 in. Perenn. June.
Dark brown. (§) E. B. 1. 2516. E.B. 2.1280. H. ^ Am. 514.
Bab. 3 73. Lind. 288.

C. Pseudo-Cyperus. Cyperus Sedge. Fig. 1443.

Sheaths nearly absent. Fertile spikes dense, cylindrical, pendulous,
on very long stalks. Scales setaceous. Moist places. 2-3 ft. Perenn.
June. Fertile green; barren brown. (|) E.B. 1. 242. E.B. 2.
1281. H. fy Am. 516. Bab. 379. Lind 288.

C. ustulata. Scorched Sedge. Fig. 1444.

Sheaths shorter than the stalks. Fertile spikes oval, pendulous.
Fruit elliptical, compressed. Highlands. 8 in. Perenn. July.
Dark brown, (f) E. B. 1. 2404. E.B. 2. 1282. H. ^ Am. 515.
Bab. 376. Lind. 288.

C. atrata. Black Sedge. Fig. 1445.

Sheaths nearly absent. Spikes ovate, rather pendulous ; the ter¬
minal one sterile at the base. Mountains. 1 ft. Perenn. June and
July. Dark purple. (§) E.B.\.20A4. E.B. 2.1283. H.fy Am.
50 7. Bab. 372. Lind. 289.

C. Vahlii. Close-headed Mountain Sedge. Fig. 1446.

Sheath nearly absent. Spikes three or four, roundish or oblong, close
together ; the terminal barren at the base. Rocks. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn.
Aug. and Sept. Dark brown. (§) E. B. Supp. 2666. E. B. 2.
1283*. H. Am. 506. Bab. 372. Lind. 338.

C. pallescens. Pale Sedge. Fig. 1447.

Sheaths very short. Fertile spikes pedunculated, oblong-cylindrical,
pendulous in fruit. Marshes. 1-1 g ft. Perenn. June. Fertile
green; barren brown. (f) E.B. 1. 2185. E.B. 2. 1284. H.
Arn. 514. Bab. 372. Lind. 289.

C. fi.ava. Yellow Sedge. Fig. 1448.

Sheaths short, about equal to the stalks. Fertile spikes roundish-
oval. Beak of fruit curved. Turfy bogs. 4 in.-l ft. Perenn. June.
Brownish, (f) E.B. 1. 1294. E.B. 2. 1285. H. Am. 51 1.
Bab. 3/6. Lind. 289.

C. (Ederi. Fig. 1449.

Sheaths short. Beak of the fruit straight. A variety o i flava.

Moist heaths. 4 in.-l ft. Perenn. June. Brownish. (f) E. B.
1. 1773. E.B. 2.1286. U. ^ Am. 511. Bab. 54. Lind. 289.

C. fulva. Tawny Sedge. Fig. 1450.

Sheaths shorter than the stalks. Fertile spikes ovate, distant, erect.

Boggy meadows. 1 ft. Perenn. June. Tawny brown. (§) E. B •
1. 1295. E. B. 2. 1287. II. $ Arn. 511. Bab. 377. Lind. 289.

v

146

C. speirostachya. Short-spiked Sedge. Fig. 145L

Sheaths about half as long as the stalks. Fertile spikes mostly
three, erect, ovate, distant. Bogs. 1 ft. Perenn. Julv and Aug.
Brown. (|) 4. It. Supp. 2770. E. B. 2. 1287*. II. Am. 511.
Bub. 377. Lind. 288.

C. Extensa. Long-bracteated Sedge. Fig. 1452.

Sheaths as long as the stalks. Bracts leafy, very long and spread¬
ing. Fertile spikes roundish-ovate, nearly sessile, erect. Marshes.
4 in.-l ft. Perenn. June. Fertile greenish; barren brown. (2)
E. B. 1, 833. E. B. 2. 1288. H. $• Am. 510. Bab. 377. Lind. 289.

C. distans. Distant-spiked Sedge. Fig. 1453.

Stems smooth. Sheaths very long, nearly equal to the stalks.
Fertile spikes oblong, very remote. Marshes. 1—2 ft. Perenn. June.
Brown, (f) £.4.1.1234. 4.4.2.1289. H.^ Am. 511. Bab.
377. Lind. 289.

C. binervis. Green-ribbed Sedge. Fig. 1454.

Stem smooth. Sheaths elongated, shorter than the stalks. Fertile
spikes cylindrical, remote ; sometimes compound. Dry heaths. 2-3 ft.
Perenn. June. Brown. (|^) E.B. 1. 1235. E.B. 2. 1290. II.
Am. 512. Bab. 378. Lind. 289.

C. PR.ECOX. Vernal Sedge. Fig. 1455.

Stalks very short ; sheaths equal in length. Spikes cval-oblong.
Dry heaths and pastures. 3 in.-l ft. Perenn. April and May.
Paie brown. (§) E. B. 1. 1099. E. B. 2. 1291. II. Am. 518.
Bab. 3 75. Lind. 290.

C. pilxjlifera. Round-headed Sedge. Fig. 1456.

Sheaths absent. Fertile spikes sessile, clustered, roundish. Heaths
and moors. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. June. Brown. (|) E.B. 1.885.
E. B. 2. 1292. H. Am. 518. Bab. 375. Lind. 290.

C. tomentosa. Downy-fruited Sedge. Fig. 1457.

Sheaths minute. Fertile spikes nearly sessile, cylindrical, obtuse.
Fruit globose, densely downy. Meadows ; rare. I ft. Perenn. June.
Brown. (§) 4.4.1.2046 . 4.4.2. 1293. H.SpArn. 518. Bab.

375. Lind. 290.

C. panicea. PinJc-leaved Sedge. Fig. 1458.

Base creeping. Sheaths about half as long as the stalks. Fertile
spikes subcyliridrical ; the flowers rather distant. Bogs and meadows.
1-1| ft. Perenn. June. Greenish-brown, (f) 4. 4. 1. 1505.

4.4. 2. 1294. JI. Am. 513. Bab. 372. Lind. 290.

C. ph^eostachya. Short Brown-spiked Sedge. Fig. 1459.

Sheaths shorter than the stalks. Fertile spikes two, distant, eiect,
oval. Scales of barren spike pointed, of the fertile obtuse. Moun¬
tains. 5-6 in. Perenn. July. Brownish, (g) 4. 4. Supp. 27 31.

4. 4. 2. 1294*. II. fyArn. 513. Bab. 373.

C. recurva. Glaucous Heath Sedge. Fig. 1460.

Creeping at the base. Sheaths very short. Fertile spikes cylin¬
drical, dense, slightly drooping, on long slender stalks. Leaves short,
glaucous. Woods and pastures. 6 in.-l ft. Perenn. June. Blackish-
green. (§) 4.4. 1. 1506. 4. 4. 2. 1295. H. ^ Am. 517. Bab.

376. Lind. 290.

zZas /44V V?r /440

/^3<S

iJ. E. Sotvenjy. EemV

.

.

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ft

147

C. stictocarpa. Dotted-fruited Sedge. Fig. 1461,

Fertile spikes subovate. Fruit with minute brown spots. A variety
of recurva. 1 ft. Perenn. June. Brown. (2) E. B. Sujpp. 2772.
E. B. 2. 1295**. II. fyArn. 51 7. Bub. 3/6. Lind. 339.

C. palxjdosa. River Sedge. Fig. 1462.

Sheaths absent. Spikes cylindrical, obtuse, erect. Fruit oblong-
ovate. Leaves broad, rough, strongly keeled. River-sides. 2-3 ft.
Perenn. May. Dark brown. (§) E. B. 1. 807. E. B. 2. 1296.
II. Am. 520. Bab. 380. Lind. 291.

C. ripauia. Great River Sedge. Fig. 1463.

Stem sharply triangular, rough. Sheaths absent. Spikes broadly
cylindrical, acute, erect. River-sides and ditches. 2-3 ft. Perenn.
May. Fertile greenish ; barren brown. (%) E.B. 1, 579. E.B. 2.
1297. ll.fyArn. 521. Bab. 380. Lind. 291.

C. lasvigata. Smooth-beaked Sedge. Fig. 1464.

Sheaths elongated, shorter than the stalks. Spikes cylindrical ; the
fertile ones drooping. Beak of fruit very long. Boggy woods. 2-3 ft.
Perenn. June. Fertile greenish ; barren brown. (|-) JS*. JB. 1.1 387.
E. B. 2. 1298. H. §- Arn. 513. Bab. 378. Lind. 291.

C. vesicaria. Short-spiked Bladder Sedge. Fig. 1465.

Sheaths none. Fertile spikes cylindrical, slightly drooping, on very
short stalks. Marshes. 1-2 ft. Perenn. May and June. Brown. (4)
E.B. 1. 779. E.B. 2.1299. H.fyArn. 520. Bab. 380. Lind. 291.
C. ampullacea. Slender-beaked Bladder Sedge. Fig. 1466.

Sheaths none. Fertile spikes cylindrical, erect, nearly sessile, long.
Fruit inflated. Marshes. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June. Brown. (|) E.B.

I. 780. E.B. 2. 1300. H.fyArn.5‘20. Bab. 3S0. Lind. 292.

C. hirta. Hairy Sedge. Fig. 1467.

Hairy. Leaves flat. Sheaths nearly equal to the stalks. Fertile
spikes short, cylindrical, remote. Scales awned. Moist places. 1-2 ft.
Perenn. May and June. Brown. (|) E.B. 1. 685. E.B. 2. 1301,

II. <$• Am. 5 19. Bab. 378. Lind. 292.

C. filiformis. Slender-leaved Sedge. Fig. 1468.

Smooth. Sheaths very short. Fertile spikes nearly sessile. Fruit
hairy, ovate. Boggy meadows. 1-2 ft. (§) E.B. 1.904. E.B.
2.1302. H. Am. 519. Bab. 379. Lind. 292.

Order CVI. GRAMINEiE.

Genus 1, Anthoxanthum.

A. odoratum. Sweet Vernal-grass. Fig. 1469.

Panicle spike-like, ovate-oblong. Flowers longer than their awns,
upon short stalks. Pastures ; abundant. 1-1£ ft Perenn. May and
June. Anthers purple, (4) E.B. 1.647. E.B, 2.114. H.fyArn.
528. Bub. 390. Lind. 306.

Genus 2. Nardus.

N. stricta. Mat-grass. Fig. 1470.

Spike slender, erect, the flowers all pointing one way. Leaves hard,
setaceous. 8-10 in. Perenn. June. Puiplish. (4) E.B. 1.290.
E. B. 2. 75. H. Am. 529. Bab. 393. Lind. 296.

u 2

149

Genus 3. Alopecurus.

A. pkatensis. Fox-tail-grass. Fig. 1471.

Stem erect, smooth. Panicle nearly cylindrical. Calyx-valves hairy,
united at their base. Pastures ; abundant. 1-2^ ft. Perenn. April-
June. (f ) E.B. 1. 759. E. B. 2. 95. II. <$* Am. 530. Bub. 39 1 .
Lind. 299.

A. alpinus. Alpine Fox tail-grass. Fig. 1472.

Stem erect, smooth. Panicle ovate. Glumes downy, united at their
base. Awn little longer than the palese. Mountains ; rare. 1 ft.
Perenn. July, (f) E. B. 1. 1126. E. B. 2. 86. H. Am. 530.
Bab. 391. Lind. 299.

A. agrestis. Slender Fox-tail-grass. Black Bent. Fig. 1473.
Stem erect, roughish. Panicle rather cylindrical, tapering. Glumes
nearly naked, united at the base. Awn very long. Waste ground.
2 ft. Ann. July-Oct. (*) E.B. 1.848. E.B. 2.87. H.fyAm.
530. Bab. 392. Lind. 299.

A. bulbosus. Bulbous Fox-tail-grass. Fig. 1474.

Stem erect. Panicle rather cylindrical, tapering. Glumes distinct,
linear, downy. Root bulbous. Salt marshes. 1 ft. Perenn. Julv.
(f) E.B. 1 . 1249. E. B. 2. 88. LI. ^ Am. 530. Bab. 392. Lind. 299.
A. geniculatus. Floating Fox-tail-grass. Fig. 1475.

Stem bent at the joints. Panicle cylindrical, obtuse. Glumes united
at the base; hairy. Leaves often floating. Wet places. 6 in.-l ft.
Perenn. May-Aug. (^) E.B. 1.1250. E.B. 2.89. H.fyArn.5 31.
Bab. 392. Lind. 300.

Genus 4. Phalaris.

P. Canariensis. Canary-grass. Fig. 1476.

Panicle ovate, spike-like. Glumes with broad keels. Naturalized.
2 ft. Ann. June-Aug. (f) E. £.1.1310. E.B.2.76> H.fyArn.
531. Bab. 389. Lind. 300.

P. arundinacea. Reed Canary-grass. Fig. 1477.

Panicle upright, with spreading branches. Flowers crowded. Pools
and ditches; common. 2-5 ft. Perenn. July. Purplish-green. (§)
E.B. 1.402. E.B. 2. 77. H. Arn. 531. * Bab. 390. Lind. 300.

Genus 5. Ammophila.

A. arundinacea. Sea-reed. Marram. Fig. 1478.

Panicle cylindrical, acuminate. Glumes acute. Sandy sea-shores.
3ft. Perenn. July. Anthers purple. (§) E.B. 1.520. E.B. 2. 78.

H. Arn. 532. Bab. 394. Lind. 303.

Genus 6. Phleum.

P. pratense. Cat's-tail-grass. Fig. 1479.

Panicle cylindrical, very long. Glumes truncated, twice as long as
the awn. Pastures. 2-3 ft. Perenn. June and July. (|) E. B.

I. 1076. E.B. 2.79. //. $* Arn. 532. Bab. 391. Lind. 300.

P. alpinum. Mountain Cat's-tail-grass. Fig. 1480.

Panicle ovate-oblong. Glumes truncated, as long as the awn. Lower
palea jagged at the summit. Mountains. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July, (§)
E.B. 1.519. E.B. 2.80. H.fy Am. 533. Bab. 391. Lind. 300'.

'

.

.

.

149

P. asperum. Rough Cat' s-tail-grass. Fig. 1481.

Panicle cylindrical. Glumes wedge-shaped, truncate, swelling up¬
wards. Stem branched. 1 ft. Ann. July. (|) E. B. 1. 1077.
E. B. 2. 81. H.fyArn. 532. Bab. 391. Lind. 301.

P. Bcehmeri. Purple-stalked Cat' s-tail-grass. Fig. 1482.

Panicle long, cylindrical. Glumes linear-lanceolate, acuminate, twice
as long as the paleae. Pastures. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July. (§) E. B.
1.459. E.B. 2.82. H.fy Am. 533. Bab. 390. Lind. 301.

P. Michelii. Fig. 1483.

Panicle nearly cylindrical. Glumes lanceolate, acuminate. Paleae
nearly equal in length to the glumes. A doubtful native ; mountains.
2 ft. Perenn. July. (§) E.B. 1. 2265. E.B. 2.83. H.8f Am.
533. Bab. 390. Lind. 301.

P. arenarium. Sea Cat' s-tail-grass. Fig. 1484.

Panicle ovate, elongated. Glumes lanceolate, thrice as long as the
paleae. Sandy shores. 6 in.-l ft. Ann. June. (§) E.B. 1.222.
E. B. 2. 84. H. Am. 533. Bab. 391. Lind. 300.

Genus 7. Lagurus.

L. ovatus. Hare' s-tail-grass. Fig. 1485.

Panicle obovate. Glumes with a long subulate point, fringed with

long hairs. Sandy shores; Guernsey. 1ft. Ann. June. White. (§)
E.B. 1. 1334. E. B. 2. 90. H. Am. 534. Bab. 396. Lind. 299.

Genus 8. Milium.

M. effusum. Millet-grass. Fig. 1486.

Panicle loose and spreading. Seed covered with the hardened paleae.

Damp woods. 2 ft. Perenn. June. (|) E.B. 1.1106. E. B. 2.93.
H.fy Am. 534. Bab. 393. Lind. 301.

Genus 9. Gastridium.

G. lendigerum. Nit-grass. Fig. 1487.

Panicle contracted. Glumes lanceolate-acuminate. Awns twice as
long as the calyx. Fields near the sea. 1 ft. Ann. Aug. (§)
E.B.l. 1107. E.B. 2.94. H.fyArn.534. Bab. 3 96. Lind. 302.

Genus 10. Stipa.

S. pinnata. Feather-grass. Fig. 1488.

Leaves rigid, setaceous. Awns very long, feathered. A doubtful
native. 1ft. Perenn. June. (£) E. B. 1. 1356. H.fy Am. 535.
Bab. 393. Lind. 302.

Genus 11. Polypogon.

P. monspeliensis. Annual Beard-grass. • Fig. 1489.

Panicle dense, lobed. Glumes rough, the awns thrice as long. 2 ft.
Ann. June-Aug. Pinkish. (§) E. B. 1. 1704. E. B. 2. 91.
H. fy Am. 535. Bab. 396. Lind. 302.

P. littoralis. Perennial Beard-grass. Fig. 1490.

Panicle lobed. Glumes nearly smooth ; awns about equal in length.

Salt marshes. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July. Pinkish, (§) E. B. 1. 1251.
E. B. 2. 92. H. Am. 535. Bab. 396. Lind. 302.

150

Genus 12. Calamagrostis.

C. Epigejos. Wood-reed. Fig. 1491.

Panicle erect, close. Spikelets crowded, unilateral. Outer palea with
an awn I'rom the middle. Moist places. 3-5 ft. Perenn. June. (|)
Eli. 1.403. E.B. 2.168. II.fyArn.53G. Bab. 3 94. Lind. 30-1.
C. lanceolata. Small-reed. Fig. 1492.

Panicle erect, loose ; spikelets spreading. Outer palea with a short
terminal awn. Moist places. 3-4 ft. Perenn. June. Purplish. (|)
E.B. 1.2159. E.B. 2. 169. H.fyArn. 536. Bub. 394. Lind. 304.
C. stricta. Close-reed. Fig. 1493.

Panicle erect, close. Lower palea deeply notched, with an awn from
below the middle. Bogs; rare. l|-3 ft. Perenn. June and Julv.
Purplish. (|) E. B. 1. 2160. E. B. 2. 1/0. Ii. fy Am. 536.
Bab. 394. Lind. 304.

Genus 13. Agrostis.

A. Spica-venti. Silky Bent-yrass. Fig. 1494.

Panicle spreading. Glumes smaller than the pale®. Outer palea
with a long straight awn. Sandy fields. 2-3 ft. Ann. July.
Pinkish. (§) E. B. 1. 951. E. B. 2. 95. Ii. fy Am. 538. Bab.

394. Lincl. 304.

A. canina. Brown Bent-grass. Fig. 1495.

Panicle spreading, elongated. Awn short, bent. Inner palea mi¬
nute. Damp fields. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June and July. Purplish. (§)
E. B. 1. 1856. E. B. 2. 96. H.fyArn. 538. Bab. 395. Lind. 303.

A. setacea. Bristle-leaved Bent-grass. Fig. 1496.

Branches of the panicle short, few-flowered. Outer palea with
a long bent awn from the base. Leaves setaceous. Turfy heaths.
1-2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. Pinkish, (§) E. B. 1. 1188.
E. B. 2. 92. H. fy Am. 53 7. Bab. 395. Lind. 303.

A. vulgaris. Fine Bent grass. Fig. 1497.

Branches of the panicle spreading. Glumes nearly equal. Ligule
very short. Pastures. 1-1 g ft. Perenn. Aug. Pinkish. (§) E.B.

1. 1671. E.B. 2. 98. H.SrAm. 538. Bab. 395. Lind. 303.

A. alba. Marsh Bent-grass. Fig. 1498.

Branches of the panicle crowded, rough. Glumes bristly on the
keel, nearly equal. Ligule long, acute. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July.
Pinkish. (|) E.B. 1. 1189. E.B. 2.99. H. fy Am. 538. Bab.

395. Lind. 303.

A. stolonifera. Fiorin-grass. Fig. 1499.

A variety of alba. Stems with long prostrate scions. Pastures. 2 ft.
Perenn. July. Light green. (|) E.B. 1. 1532. E. B. 2. 99*.
11. Am. 539. Bab. 395. Lind. 304.

Genus 14. Catabrosa.

C. aquatica. Water Whorl-grass. Fig. 1500.

Panicle with whorled branches. Paleae longer than the glumes.
Leaves linear, flat, sometimes floating. Wet places. 3 in. -2 ft.
Perenn. May and June. Purplish. (|) £'.14.1.1557. E.B.

2. 110. II. fy Am. 539. Bab. 405. Lind. 306.

.

.

.

'

'

151

Genus 15. Aira.

A. cajspitosa. Turfy Hair-grass. Fig. 1501.

Panicle spreading. Paleae as long as the glumes, hairy at the base.
Awn short, from the bottom of the outer palea. Leaves flat. Pastures.
1-3 ft. Perenn. July. Purple. (-^-) E.li. 1. 1453. E. B. 2. 104.
II. Am. 540. Bab. 397. Lind. 303.

A. alpina. Smooth Alpuie Hair-grass. Fig. 1502

Panicle rather close, smooth, l’alese nearly as long as the glumes,
hairy at the base. Awn short, from the top of the outer palea. Moun¬
tains. 1ft. Perenn. June and Julv. Green. (%) E. B. 1.2102.
E. B. 2. 105. H. Am. 541. Bab. 397. Lind'. 308.

A. flexuosa. Waved Hair- grass. Fig. 1503.

Panicle spreading, 3-forked, the branches wavy. Paleae the length
of the glumes, acute. Awn from the middle of the outer palea. Leaves
bristle-shaped. Heaths. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July. Pinkish. (|)
E.B. 1.1519. E.B. 2.106. H.fyArn.b 41. Bub. 397. Lind. 30‘S.
A. canescens. Grey Hair-grass. Fig. 1504.

Panicle rather dense. Paleae shorter than the glumes. Awn club-
shiped. Leaves bristle-shaped. Sandy fields near the sea. 1-2 ft.
Perenn. July and Aug. Green; anthers purple. (|) E. B. 1. 1190.
E. B. 2. 1 07. JL. Am. 54 1 . Bab. 397. Lind. 308.

A. PRAJCOX. Early Hair-grass. Fig. 1505.

Panicle close, oblong, few-flowered. Awn long, from near the base
of the palea. Dry ground. 1-4 in. Ann. June. Pale green. (£)
E.B. 1. 1296. E. B. 2. 108. H. Am. 542. Bab. 398. Lind. 308.
A. caryophyllea. Silver Ilair-grass. Fig. 1506.

Panicle rather spreading, its branches ternate. Paleae shorter than the
glumes. Awn very long, from the middle of the palea. Leaves bristle¬
shaped. Hill-pastures. 6-9 in. Perenn. June. Silvery-grey. (<*)
E.B. 1.812. E. B. 2. 109. II. Am. 541. Bab. 398. Lind. 308.

Genus 16. Melica.

M. CiEUULEA. Purple Melic- grass. Fig. 1507.

Paleae acute, awnless. Panicle close, erect, compound. Stems rigid.
Heaths. 6 in. -2 ft. Perenn. Aug. Purplish. (§) E.B. 1.730.
E. B. 2. 1 17. II. §• Am. 542. Bab. 400. Lind. 307.

M. UN i flora. Wood Melic-grass. Fig. 1508.

Panicle close, drooping to one side, its branches very slender. Spike-
lets 1 -flowered. Shady woods. 1-2 ft. Perenn. May-July. Purple,
(f) E. BA. 1058. E.B. 2. 115. II. Am. 543. Bab. 400. Lind. 307.
M. nutans. Mountain Melic-grass. Fig. 1509.

Panicle close, leaning to one side. Spikelets 2-flowered. Mountain
woods; rare. 1-2 feet. Perenn. May and June. Purple. (§)
E. B. 1. 1059. E. B. 2. 116. Bab. 400. Lind. 30 7.

Genus 17. Holcus.

II. lanatus. Soft-grass. Fig. 1510.

Glumes woolly, rather blunt. Root tufted. Leaves soft and woolly.
Meadows ; common. 1 — 1 A f t . Perenn. June. Pinkish. (§) E.B.l.
1 169. E.B. 2. 111. H.Q-Arn. 543. Bab. 396. Lind. 305.

152

II. mollis. Creeping Soft-grass. Fig. 1511.

Glumes partly naked, acuminated. Root creeping. Leaves woolly.
Pastures; common. 6 in. -lft. Perenn. July. Pinkish, (f) E.B.\.
1170. E. B. 2. 112. H.fyArn. 543. Bab. 396. Lind. 305.

Genus 18. Arrhenatherum.

A. avenaceum. Oat-grass. Fig. 1512.

Panicle long. Leaves flat. Hedges and way-sides ; frequent. 3 ft.
Perenn. June. Pinkish or green, (fj E. B. 1.813. E.B. 2.113.

H. fyArn. 544. Bab. 399. Lind. 305.

Genus 19. Hierochloe.

H. borealis. Holy-grass. Fig. 1513.

Panicle erect, raceme-like. Palese shorter than the glumes, awnless.
Leaves flat. Root creeping. 1 ft. Perenn. May. Purplish. (■§■)
E. B. Supp. 2641. E. B. 2. 1 13*. LI.fyArn. 544. Bab. 390. Lind.
306.

Genus 20. Kieleria.

K. cristata. Crested Hair-grass. Fig. 1514.

Panicle spiked, interrupted below. Awn short, from the bottom of
the outer palea. Dry pastures. 8 in.-l ft. Perenn. July and Aug.
Green. (|) E. B. 1.648. E.B. 2.103. H. Am. 545. Bab. 399.
Lind. 307.

Genus 21. Sesleria.

S. cjsrulea. Blue Moor-grass. Fig. 1515.

Panicle ovate-oblong, imbricated. Outer palea jagged with four
teeth. Plant glaucous. Mountains. 1 ft. Perenn. May and June.
Bluish, (f) E. B. 1. 1613. E.B. 2. 118. H.fyArn. 5 45. Bab.
392. Lind. 309.

Genus 22. Panicum.

P. Crus-galli. Panick-grass. Fig. 1516.

Panicle bristly. Leaves without ligules. Fields ; naturalized ?
2 ft. Ann. July, (§) E.B. 1.876. E.B. 2.102. H. ^ Am.
546. Bab. 388. Lind. 305.

Genus 23. Setaria.

S. verticillata. Rough Panick-grass. Fig. 1517.

Panicle spiked, lobed, with whorled branches. Bristles few, with
reversed teeth. Fields; naturalized? 2 ft. Ann. July, (f) E.B.

I. 874. E. B. 2. 100. H. Am. 54 7. Bab. 388. Lind. 309.

S. viridis. Green Panick-grass. Fig. 1518.

Panicle spiked, cylindrical. Bristles many, with erect teeth.
Fields ; naturalized ? lft. Ann. July. (§) E.B. 1.875. E.B.
2.101. H.tyArn.5A7. Bab. 388. Lind. 309.

Genus 24. Poa.

P. aquatica. Reed Meadow-grass. Fig. 1519.

Panicle upright, much branched, spreading. Spikelets linear, with
5-10 florets. Ditches. 4-6 ft. Perenn. May-Aug. Green. (£)
E. B. 1. 1315. E.B.2.U0. H.fyArn. 548. Bab. 403. Lind. 316.
P. distans. Reflexed Meadow-grass. Fig. 1520.

Panicle branched, lax, the branches at length reflexed. Florets 5 ;
root not creeping. 2 ft. Perenn. July-Oct. Pinkish. (•§•) E.B.
1.986. E. B. 2. 121. H.ty Am. 549. Bab. 404. Line?. 318.

153

P. maiutima. Sea Meadow-grass. Fig. 1521.

Panicle branched, rather close. Florets 5-10, cylindrical, 5-ribbed.
Root creeping. Leaves involute. Salt marshes. 8 in.-l ft. Perenn.
J uly-Oct. (f) E. B. 1. 1140. E. B. 2. 122. H. Am. 549.
Bab. 404. Lind. 315.

P. procumbens. Procumbent Meadow-grass. Fig. 1522.

Stem procumbent. Panicle lanceolate; the branches rough. Flowers
close, pointing one way. Florets 4 or 5, 5-ribbed. Salt marshes.
0-8 in. Ann. July and Aug. (|) E. B. 1. 532. E. B. 2. 123.
II. Arn. 5 50. Bab. 405. Lind. 310.

P. rigida. Hard Meadow-grass. Fig. 1523.

Stems very rigid. Panicle lanceolate ; the branches smooth. Flowers
dense, pointing one way. Florets about 7, without ribs. Walls and dry
ground. 4-6 in. Ann. June. (|) E.B. 1.13/1. E. B. 2. 124. II.
Am. 550. Bab. 405. Lind. 316.

P. compressa. Flat-stalked Meadow-grass. Fig. 1524.

Panicle condensed ; the branches leaning one way. Florets in ovate
spikelets. Stem flattened. Dry places. 6-8 in. Perenn. June-
Sept. (f) E. B. 1.365. E. B. 2. 125. H.&'Arn. 551. Bab. 402.
Lind. 316.

P. alpina. Alpine Meadow-grass. Fig. 1525.

Panicle loose. Florets ovate, 3- or 4-flowered. Upper sheath longer
than its leaf ; ligule long, pointed. Mountains. 6-8 in. Perenn.
July and Aug. (f) E.B. 1. 1003. E. B. 2. 126. U. fy Arn. 552.
Bab. 401. Lind. 316.

P. laxa. Wavy Meadow-grass. _ Fig. 1526.

Panicle zigzag, slightly drooping. Florets 3-4, connected by a
web, in ovate spikelets. Grampians. 6-8 in. Perenn. July. (4)
E.B. 1.1123. E.B. 2. 127. H. fy Arn. 553. Bab. 401. Lind. 316.

P. bulbosa. Bulbous Meadow-grass. Fig. 1527.

Panicle slightly zigzag. Florets 4, connected by a web. Leaves
finely serrated. Stems bulbous at the base. Sandy ground. 6-8 in.
Perenn. April and May. (|) E.B. 1. 1071. E.B. 2.128. H.
Arn. 552. Bab. 400. Lind. 31 7.

P. trivialis. Rough Meadow-grass .' Fig. 1528.

Panicle spreading. Florets 3, connected by a web. Stem and leaves
roughish. Ligules lanceolate. Root fibrous. Meadows ; abundant.
1-2 ft. Perenn. June. (§) E.B. 1.1072. E.B. 2.129. H. $■
Arn. 552. Bab. 402. Lind. 317.

P. pratensis. Smooth Meadow-grass. ' Fig. 1529.

Panicle spreading. Florets usually 4, connected by a web. Stem
and leaves smooth. Ligules short and blunt. Root creeping. Plant
sometimes glaucous. 1-2 ft. Meadows; abundant. Perenn. June.
(4) E. B. 1. 1073. E. B. 2. 129*. II. Am. 551. Bab. 402.
Lind. 317.

P. annua. Annual Meadow-grass. Fig. 1530.

Panicle widely spreading. Spikelets ovate, 5-flowered. Stems ob¬
lique, compressed. Root fibrous. Waste ground ; abundant. 2-10 in.
Ann. March-Nov. (§) E. B. 1.1141. E.B. 2. 131. II.fyAm.
554. Bab. 400. Lind.3\7.

x

154

P. glauca. Glaucous Meadow-grass. Fig. 1531.

Panicle spreading. Spikelets ovate, 2-3-flowered, hairy at the base.
Ligules of the lower leaves very short and blunt. Mountains. 1-2 ft.
Perenn. June. (§) E. B. 1. 1720. E.B. 2.132. II.fyArn. 553.
Lind. 317.

P. c.-esi a. Fig. 1532.

A variety of glauca. Leaves broad, blunt. Florets about 5. Moun¬
tain pastures. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June. (|) E.B.\.\7\9. E.B. 2.
133. H. Sf Am. 552? Bab. 401. Lind. 317.

P. nemoralis. Wood Meadow-grass. Fig. 1533.

Panicle spreading ; the branches waved, hair-like. Florets 3, in
lanceolate spikelets. Glumes 3-ribbed. Ligules short, notched. Woods.
l|-3ft. Perenn. July and Aug. (|) E. B. 1. 1265. E. B. 2.134.
II. Am. 553. Bab. 40 1 . Lind. 3 1 7.

P. Borreri. Borrers Meadow-grass. Fig. 1534.

Panicle spreading, in fruit ascending. Outer palea with a minute
point formed of the midrib. Leaves flat. Salt marshes. 6-8 in.
Perenn.? July. (|) E. B. Supp. 2797. H.fyArn. 549. Bab. 404.
P. fltjitans. Sweet-grass. Fig. 1535.

Panicle nearly erect, slightly branched. Spikelets linear-oblong, of
7-12 florets. Leaves folded on the midrib. Ditches and pool-margins.
1-2 ft. Perenn. June-Aug. (§) E. B. 1. 1520. E. B. 2. 119.
II. fy Am. 548. Bab. 403. Lind. 315.

P. loliacea. Wheat Meadow-grass. Fig. 1536.

Spikelets linear-oblong, of 8-12 florets, alternate, solitary; footstalks
very short. Lower palea with distinct marginal veins. Sandy shores.
6 in. Ann. June. (§) E.B. 1. 221. E. B. 2. 181. II. fy Am.
550. Bab. 405. Lind. 297.

Genus 25. Triodia.

T. decumbens. Heath-grass. Fig. 1537.

Panicle simple, condensed, erect. Florets 4, in an ovate spikelet the
length of the calyx. Plant rigid, decumbent. Moors. 8 in. Perenn.
July. Pinkish. (|) E.B. 1.792. E.B. 2.135. II. fy Am. 554.
Bab. 399. Lind. 311.

Genus 26. Briza.

B. media. Quaking-grass. Fig. 1538.

Spikelets broadly ovate, on slender pendent branches ; glumes shorter
than the lower florets. Ligule short. Downs ; common. 1 ft. Perenn.
June. Purplish. (§) E.B. 1.340. E.B. 2. 13 7. H.fyArn. 555.
Bab. 405. Lind. 315.

B. minor. Smaller Quaking-grass. Fig. 1539.

Spikelets triangular ; glumes longer than the florets. Ligule elon¬

gated, acute. Fields; rare. 1ft. Ann. July. Green, (|) E.B. 1.
1316. E.B. 2. 136. II. fy Am. 555. Bab. 405. Lind. 315.

Genus 27. Dactylis.

D. geomerata. Cock' s-foot-gr ass. Fig. 1540.

Panicle distantly branched. Spikelets in dense tufts, leaning one
wav. Fields. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June-Aug. (§) E. B. 1. 335.
E. B. 2. 138. II. fyAm. 555. Bab. 406. Lind. 310.

155

Germs 28. Cynosurus.

C. cristattjs. Dog's-tail-grass. Fig. 1541.

Spike elongated, simple. Florets with a short awn. Pastures ;
common. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July. (§) E.B. 1.316. E. B. 2. 139.
11. Am. 556. Bab. 406. Lind. 306.

C. echinatus. Rough Dog' s-tail-grass. Fig. 1542.

Spike ovate. Florets with awns as long as the paleae. Southern
sea-shores. 6-10 in. Ann. July. (|^) E. B. 1 . 1 333. E.B. 2.140.
H. Am. 556. Bab. 406. Lind. 306.

Genus 29. Festuca.

F. UNiGLUMis. Single-hushed Fescue-grass. Fig. 1543.

Panicle upright, nearly simple, pointing one way. Florets tapering,
compressed, awned ; lower glume minute. Sandy shores. 8 in.-l ft.
Bienn. June. Green. (2) E.B. 1.1430. E.B. 2.145. H. Am.
557. Bab. 406. Lind. 314.

F. bromoides. Barren Fescue-grass. Fig. 1544.

Panicle upright, pointing one way. Florets shorter than their awns,
rough at the top. Upper half of stem leafless. Leaves bristle-shaped.
Dry ground. 6-8in. Ann. July, (f) E.B. 1. 1411. E.B. 2.144.
11 . fy Am. 557 ’. Bab. 406. Lind. 315.

F. Myurus. Wall Fescue-grass. Fig. 1545.

A variety of bromoides. Panicle drooping one way. Stem leafy to
the summit. Walls and dry ground. 6-8 in. Ann. June and July,
(f) E. B. 1. 1412. E. B. 2. 144*. H. Am. 55 7. Bab. 406.
Lind. 314.

F. ovina. Sheep's Fescue-grass. Fig. 1546.

Panicle close, pointing one way. Florets roundish, smooth at the base.
Stem square. Leaves bristle-shaped, rough. Dry pastures ; abundant.
6-8 in. Perenn. June, (f) E.B. 1.585. E.B. 2.141. H. fy Am. 557.
Bab. 407. Lind. 313.

F. cassia. Fig. 1547.

A variety of ovina. Stems many-angled, leaves glaucous. Pastures.
10 in.-l ft. Perenn. June and July. (§) E.B.\.\9\7- E.B. 2.

141*. II. Am. 557. Bab. 407. Lind. 315.

F. vivipara. Fig. 1548.

A variety of ovina. Flowers viviparous. Leaves smooth and long.
Mountains. 6-8 in. Perenn. July. (2-) E.B. 1. 1355. E.B. 2.

141**. II. Am. 557. Bab. 407. Lind. 313.

F. duriuscula. Hard Fescue-grass. Fig. 1549.

Panicle spreading, pointing one way. Florets about 6, cylindrical,
longer than their awns. Stem leaves flat. Pastures. 1 ft. Perenn.
June and July. (2) E. B. 1. 470. E. B. 2. 142. II. fy Am. 557 .
Bub. 407. Lind. 314.

F. rubra. Creeping Fescue-grass. Fig. 1550.

A variety of duriuscula. Leaves downy. Root creeping. Sandy
shores. 1 ft. Perenn. July. Reddish. (§) E. B. 1. 2056.
E. B. 2. 143. II. Am. 558. Bub. 407. Lind. 314.

x 2

i r>G

F. gigantea. Giant Fescue-grass. Fig. 1551.

Panicle drooping, twice compound, spreading. Florets 3-6, ovate-
lanceolate, shorter than the awns. Shady places. 3—1 ft. Perenn.
July and Aug. (|) E. B. 1. 1820. E. B. 2. 146. II. Am. 559.
Bab. 407. Lind. 314.

F. TRIFLORA. Fig. 1552.

A variety of gigantea. Florets about 3. Leaves narrower. Woods.
2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug. (£) E. B. 1. 1918. E. B. 2. 146*.
II. Am. 560. Bab. 4 08. Lind. 314.

F. calamaria. Reed Fescue- grass. Fig. 1553.

Panicle repeatedly branched, spreading, erect. Florets 2-5, oblong,
cvlindrical, pointed. Moist woods. 3 ft. Perenn. July. Purplish,
(f) E. B. 1. 1005. E. B. 2. 147. H. Am. 558. Bab. 407.
Lind. 313.

F. decidua. Fig. 1554.

A variety of calamaria. Spikelets of 2-3 florets. Woods. 1-2 ft.
Perenn. July. (^) E.B. 1.22G6. E.B. 2.147*. H.^ Am. 55S.
Bab. 407. Lind. 313.

F. pratensis. Meadow Fescue-grass. Fig. 1555.

Panicle nearly erect, loose, pointing to one side. Spikelets linear,
compressed. Meadows. 2 ft. Perenn. June. (^) E.B. 1. 1592.
E. B. 2. 148. H. Am. 559. Bab. 408. Lind. 312.

F. loliacea. Spiked Fescue-grass. Fig. 1553.

Spike 2-ranked, drooping. Spikelets linear-oblong. Florets without
awns. Pastures. 2 ft. Perenn. July, (f) E.B. 1.1821. E. B. 2. 150.

H. Am. 559. Bab. 408. Lind. 313.

F. elatior. Tall Fescue-grass. Fig. 1557.

Panicle drooping, spreading, much branched. Florets cylindrical,
awned. Moist pastures. 3-5 ft. Perenn. July. (|) E. B. 1. 1593.
E. B. 2. 149. H. Am. 559. Bab. 408. Lind. 3~13.

Genus 30. Bromus.

B. erectus. Upright Brome-grass. Fig. 1558.

Panicle erect, little-branched. Spikelets linear-lanceolate. Florets
numerous, remote, compressed. Awns shorter than the florets. Root-
leaves very narrow. Sandy pastures. 2— 3 ft. Perenn. July. (|) E.B.

I. 471. E.B. 2. 157. H. ^ Am. 560. Bab. 408. Lind. 312.

B. asper. Ilairy Brome-grass. Fig. 1559.

Panicle drooping, branched. Spikelets linear-oblong. Florets cylin¬
drical, rather distant. Awns shorter than the florets. Lower leaves
hairy. Woods. 4-6 ft. Ann. July and Aug. (|) E.B. 1.1172.
E. B.2.158. II. Up Am. 500. Bab. 409. Lind. 312.

B. sterilis. Barren Brome-grass. Fig. 1560.

Panicle drooping, usually simple. Spikelets linear-lanceolate. Awns
longer than the florets. Leaves downy. Fields. 2 ft. Ann. June
and July, (i) E. B. 1. 1030. E. B. 2. 159. H. Am. 561.
Bub. 409. Lind. 312.

• '

»

r

'

157

B. di andrus. Upright Annual Brome-gr ass. Fig. 1561.

Panicle upright, spreading, slightly branched. Florets with only 2
stamens. Dry places. 1—2 ft. Ann. June. (|) E. B. 1. 1006.
E. B.2.] 60. 11. Arn. 56 1 . Bab. 409. Lind. 3 1 2.

B. maximus. Great Brome-grass. Fig. 1562.

Panicle erect, lax, drooping. Spikelets lanceolate, downy. Awns
two or three times the length of the glumes. Jersey. 6 in. -2 ft. Ann.
June and July. (|) E. B. Supp. 2820. II. tyArn. 561. Bab. 409.

B. Secalinus. Bye Brome-grass. Fig. 1563.

Panicle spreading, little-branched. Spikelets ovate, compressed, with
about 10 florets. Awns shorter than the florets. Fields. 2-3 ft.
Ann. July-Sept. (g) E.B. 1. 1171. E.B. 2.151. H. Arn. 562.
Bab. 409. Lind. 311.

B. velutinus. Fig. 1564.

A variety of Secalinus. Panicle nearly simple. Spikelets downy.
Fields. 2ft. Ann. July-Sept. (g) E. B. 1 . 1 884. E.B.2.lb2.
11. Am. 562. Bab. 409. Lind. 31 1.

B. racemosus. Smooth Brome-grass. Fig. 1565.

Panicle nearly erect, simple. Spikelets ovate-oblong, with 6-10
smooth florets. Awns as long as the florets. Pastures. 2 ft. Ann.
June. (|) E.B. 1. 1079. E.B. 2. 154. H. fy Arn. 563. Bab. 410.
Lind. 311.

B. commutatus. « Fig. 1566.

Panicle loose, drooping in fruit; lower peduncles often branched.
Awns as long as the floret. Fields. 1-2 ft. Ann. June and July.
(|) E.B. 1. 920. E. B. 2. 154*. H. Arn. 562. Bab. 410.
Lind. 311.

B. mollis. Soft Brome-grass. Fig. 1567.

Panicle erect, close, compound. Spikelets ovate. Florets depressed,
ribbed, downy. Leaves hairy. Pastures and road-sides ; abundant.
1-2 ft. Ann. May and June, (g) E. B. 1. 1078. E. B. 2. 153.
II. fy Arn. 563. Bab. 410. Lind. 311.

B. arvensis. Field Brome-grass. Fig. 1568.

Panicle spreading, drooping, compound. Spikelets lanceolate, pointed,
about 8-flowered. Florets elliptical. Leaves hairy. Sea-coast. 3 ft.
Ann. July and Aug. (|) E. B. 1. 1984. E. B. 2. 156. H.fyArn.
563. Bab.AlO. Lind. '6 12.

B. squarrosus. Com Brome-grass. Fig. 1569.

Panicle drooping, simple. Spikelets ovate-oblong, with about 12
florets. Awns spreading. Leaves downy. Corn-fields; rare. 2 ft.
Ann. June and July, (f) E. B. 1. 1885. E. B. 2. 155. 11.
Arn. 564. Bab. AW. Lind. 311.

Genus 31. Avena.

A. fatua. Wild Oat. Haver. Fig. 1570.

Panicle erect ; flowers drooping. Spikelets of about 3 florets, with
long hairs at the base. Corn-fields. 3 ft. Ann. July, (g) E. B. 1.
2221. E.B. 2. 161 . II. Am. 565. Bab. 398. Lind. 310.

158

A. strigosa. Bristle Oat. Fig. 1571.

Panicle oblong, pointing one way. Florets 2. Outer palea with 2
straight bristles. Corn-fields. 2-3 ft. Ann. July. (|) E. B. 1.
1266. E. B. 2. 162. H.q-Arn.565. Bab. 398. Lind. 310.

A. pubescens. Downy Oat-grass. Fig. 1572.

Panicle erect, nearly simple. Florets 3, scarcely longer than the
glumes. Leaves downy. Chalky pastures. 1-2 ft. Perenn. June.
(|) E. B. 1. 1640. E. B. 2. 163. II. Am. 566. Bab. 399.
Lind. 308.

A. pratensis. Narrow-leaved Oat-grass. Fig. 1573.

Panicle erect, simple. Florets 3-5. Leaves narrow, involute. Dry
pastures. l-l^ft. Perenn. July. (|) E.B. 1. 1204. E.B. 2.16-1.
H. fy Am. 565. Bab. 398. Lind. 3f6.

A. alpina. Alpine Oat-grass. Fig. 1574.

Panicle erect. Florets 5, tufted with hairs beneath. Leaves flat,
finely serrated. Mountains. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July. (|) E.B. 1.
2141. E.B. 2.165. H.SpArn. 565. Bab. 399. LiW.310.

A. plan l culm is. Flat-stemmed Oat-grass. Fig. 1575.

Panicle erect, compound. Spikelets erect, linear-oblong. Florets 5-7,
much longer than the glumes. Mountains. 3 ft. Perenn. July.
(|) E. B. Supp. 2684. E. B. 2. 165*. H. Am. 566. Bab. 399.
Lind. 339.

A. flavescens. Yellow Oat-grass. Fig. 1576.

Panicle much-branched, spreading, erect. Glumes very unequal ;
florets 3. Leaves flat. Chalky fields. 1 ft. Perenn. July. (!)
E.B. 1.952. E.B. 2.166. U.q-Arn. 566. Bab. 398. Lmd.30'J.

Genus 32. Arundo.

A. Phragmites. Reed. Fig. 1577.

Flowers in a loose panicle. Spikelets 5-flowered. Florets with long
silky hairs at the base. Ditches and river-sides. 6-12 ft. Perenn.
July. Purple. (!) E. B. 1.401. E.B. 2.167. II. q- Am. 567.
Bab. 393. Lind. 310.

Genus 33. Elymus.

E. arenartus. Lyme-grass. Fig. 1578.

Spike upright, close. Florets as long as the glumes. Root creeping.
Sandy shores. 3-4 ft. Perenn. July. (!) E. B. 1. 1672. E.B. 2.
171. II.ty-Arn.567. Bab. 412. Lind. 296.

E. geniculatus. Drooping Lyme-grass. Fig. 1579.

Spike bent downwards, lax. Glumes longer than the florets. Salt
marshes. 3 ft. Perenn. July. (!) E.B. 1. 1586. E.B.2A72.

II. Am. 568. Bab. 412. Lind. 296.

Genus 34. IIordeum.

II. sylvaticum. TVood Barley. Fig. 1580.

All the glumes bristle-shaped and rough -y outer glume of each spike-
let half as long as the awn. Woods. 2 ft. Perenn. July and Aug.
(fT) E. B. 1. 1317. E. B. 2. 1 73. II. q- Am. 568. Bab. 412.
Lind. 297.

159

II. mtjrinum. Wall Barley. Fig. 1581.

Lateral glumes bristle* shaped ; intermediate ones lanceolate, ciliated.
Road-sides; common. 8 in.-l ft. Ann. June and July, (f)
E. B. 1. 1971. E.B. 2.174. H.fyArn.bGS. Bab. 412. Lind. 296.

II. pratense. Meadow Barley. Fig. 1582.

Glumes all bristle-shaped. Outer palese of the middle spikelets as
long as their awns, lateral ones shorter than the awns. Moist pastures.
1-2 ft. Ann. June and July. (^) E. B. 1. 409. E. B. 2. 175.
H.fyArn.bGS. Bab.A\2. Lind. 296.

II. maritimtjm. Sea Barley. Fig. 1583.

Inner glumes of the outer spikelets semi- ovate, the rest bristle-shaped.
Sea-side pastures. 1ft. Ann. June and July. (§) E.B.\.\26b.

E. B. 2.1/6. II. Arn.b69. Bab.A\3. Lind. 296.

Genus 35. Triticum.

T. cristatum. Crested Wheat-grass. Fig. 1584.

Spikelets closely imbricated, depressed, straight. Florets 4, awned.
Glumes elliptical, with a long terminal awn. Sea-side. G-10 in.
Perenn. July. (§) E.B. 1.2267. E. B. 2. 180. H.fyArn.bG 9.
Bab. 412. Lind. 297.

T. jtjnceum. Rushy Wheat-grass. Fig. 1585.

Glaucous. Spikelets distant, 4-6-flowered. Glumes obtuse, many-
ribbed. Leaves rolled inward. Sand-dunes. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July
and Aug. (§) E. B. 1.814. E. B. 2. 177. H.fyArn.b69. Bab.A\2.
Lind. 298.

T. repens. Couch-grass. Bog-grass. Fig. 1586.

Glumes awl-shaped, acute, many-ribbed. Florets 5, the outer palea
awned or sharp-pointed. Leaves flat. Root creeping. A common
weed. 2ft. Perenn. June-Sept. (§) E.B. 1.909. E.B. 2.178.
ll.SrArn. 571. Bab. AW. Lind. 298.

T. CANiNUM. Bearded Wheat-grass. Fig. 1587.

Glumes pointed, 3-5-ribbed. Florets 4, with long rough awns.
Root fibrous. Woods. 2 ft. Perenn. July. (§) E. B. 1. 1372.
E. B. 2. 179. H . &r Am. 571. Bab. 411. Lind. 298.

Genus 36. Brachypodium.

B. sylvaticum. False Brome-grass. Fig. 1588.

Spike drooping, flowers leaning one way. Awns longer than the
florets. Copses and hedge-banks. 2 ft. Perenn. June and July,
(f) E.B. 1.729. E.B. 2. 182. H. fy Am. 572. Bab. 411. Lind. 297.

B. pinnatum. Heath Brome-grass. Fig. 1589.

Spike erect. Awns shorter than the florets. Heaths. 2 ft. Perenn.
July. (|) E.B. 1. 730. E.B. 2. 183. H.fyArn.b72. Bab. AW.
Lind. 297.

Genus 37. Lolium.

L. perenne. Darnel. Rye-grass. Fig. 1590.

Spikelets longer than the glumes. Florets awnless. Pastures ; com¬
mon. 1-2 ft. Perenn. or bienn. June and July, (f) E.B. 1.315.
E. B. 2. 184. II. Am. 573. Bab. A 13. Lind.2b9.

ICO

L. ltnicola. Annual Rye-grass. Fig. 1591.

Spikelets about twice as long as the glumes. Fields ; rare. Florets
slightly awned. 1-2 ft. Ann. July. (2) £. B. Supp. 2955.

11. §• Am. 573. Bab. 413.

L. temulentum. Bearded Darnel. Fig. 1592.

Spikelets shorter than the glumes. Florets awned. Fields. Seeds
poisonous. 2 ft. Ann. July. (§) E. B. 1.1124. E. B. 2.185.
11. ty Am. 674. Bab. 413. Lind. 295.

L. arvense. Fig. 1593.

A variety of temulentum. Awns small and weak. Fields. 2 ft.
Ann. July, (f) £.£.1.1125. E. B. 2.185*. H. Am. 573.
Bab. 413. Lind. 295.

Genus 38. Lepturus.

L. incurvatus. Ilard-grass. Fig. 1594.

Spike round, awl-shaped. Glumes united below. Sea-coast. 4-8 in.
Ann. July-Sept. (f) E. B. 1.760. E. B. 2. 18G. H.fyArn.674.
Bab. 413. Lind. 76.

Genus 39. Knappia.

K. agrostidea. Fig. 1595.

Spikelets in 2 rows, each with a single floret. Leaves short, linear.
Sandy sea-side pastures. 2-4 in. Ann. March and April. (£)
£.£'1.1127. £.£.2.187. H.fyArn. 575. Bab. 389. Lind. 301.

Genus 40. Spartina.

S. stricta. Cord-grass. Fig. 1596.

Spikes 2 or 3, erect, smooth. Spikelets downy. Salt marshes. 1 ft.

Perenn. Aug. (f) £.£.1.380. £.£.2.190. H. Am. 575.

Bab. 389. Lind. 298.

S. alterniflora. Many-spiked Cord-grass. Fig. 1597.

Spikes numerous. Stalk extending beyond the spikelets, with an
awn-like point. Salt marshes. 2 ft. Perenn. Aug. and Sept. (|)
£. £. Supp. 28 1 2. H.fyArn.676. Bab. 389. Lind. 339.

Genus 41. Cynodon.

C. dactylon. Dog's-tooth-grass. Fig. 1598.

Spikelets 3-5, digitate. Root creeping. Sandy shores. 4-8 in.

Perenn. July and Aug. (§) £.£.1.850. £.£.2.188. H.fyArn.
5 76. Bab. 389. Lind. 298.

Genus 42. Digitaria.

D. sangtjinalis. Hairy Finger-grass. Fig. 1599.

Leaves hairy. Spikelets oblong. Stems ascending. Fields ; rare.

1 ft. Ann. July and Aug. (|) £. £. 1. 849. £. £. 2. 189.

11. fy Am. 677 . Bab. 388. Lind. 299.

D. HUMiFUSA. Finger-grass. Fig. 1600.

Leaves smooth. Spikelets ovate, downy. Stems procumbent. Fields.
6-8 in. Ann. July and Aug. (§) £. £. Supp. 2613. £. £. 2. 189*.
II. fy Am. 577. Bab. 388. hind. 330.

miTim m»

/ .Do C. Sower&y. jFcac Y'

APPENDIX.

By J. W. SALTER, A.L.S., F.G.S., etc.

Order I. RANUNCULACE/E.

Genus 6. Ranunculus. Crowfoot.

R. circinatus. Flat-leaved Water Crowfoot. Fig. 1601.

Leaves round, all submersed ; the segments stiff, repeatedly forked,
all in one plane. Petals large, white. Streams, &e. ; rare. Perenn.
June— Aug. E. B. Supp. 2869. Bab. ed. 5. 8. FL.fyArn.7.

R. fluitans. Fig. 1602.

Leaves all submersed, twice 3-forked, with very long nearly parallel
segments. Petals 5 or more, white. Stamens short. Carpels obovate,
inflated. Rivers. Perenn. July. E.B.S.2870. Bab. ed. 5. 8.

R. ccenosus. Mud Crowfoot. Fig. 1603.

Leaves all roundish, with 3-5 lobes, deeply divided and widened from
the base. Petals narrow, white. Stamens 8-10. Fruit with terminal
point. Muddy ditches. July. E.B.S. 2930. Bab. 8.

R. tripartitus. Fig. 1604.

Leaves usually floating, deeply trifid, with wedge-shaped segments.
Flower-stalks shorter than leaves. Petals small, pinkish. Stamens few.
Fruit much inflated, point terminal. Streams. May-Aug. E.B.S.
2946. Bab. 7.

R. floribundus. Larg e-flow ered Water Crowfoot. Fig. 1605.

Leaves floating and submersed, the latter closely 3-forked, with rigid
segments. Floating leaves long-stalked, tripartite, with 3-5 lobes. Pe¬
tals large, spreading. Fruit blunt. Ponds. May-Sept. Bab. 7.

R. Drouetii. Fig. 1606.

Submersed leaves closely forked ; segments soft. Floating leaves
rare, with 3 wedge-shaped bifid segments. Flower starlike. Petals
small. Fruit laterally pointed. Ponds. May, June. Bab. 6.

R. Baudotii. Fig. 1607.

Submersed leaves closely 3-forked ; segments rigid. Floating leaves

long-stalked, tripartite, with wedge-shaped lobed segments. Flower
starlike. Stamens short. Brackish water. Perenn. May-Aug. Bab. 7.

R. trichophyllus. Water Fennel. Fig. 1608.

Submersed leaves closely 3-forked ; segments rigid. Flower small,
starlike. Fruit compressed. Floating leaves not yet found in Britain.
Ponds. June. Bab. 5.

Order VI. CRUCIFER AE.

Genus 19. Cardamine. Bitter-Cress.

C. hirsuta. Hainj Bitter-Cress. Fig. 1609.

Stem straight, leafy ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets of lower leaves round¬
ish, angled or toothed. Petals white. Pods erect. Stamens 4. Ann.
April-Aug. Reich. Ic. Flor. Germ. 2. 26. Bab. 25.

Order V. FUMARIACEaE.

Genus 1. Fumaria. Fumitory.

F. MICRANTIIA. Fig. 1610.

Flower pale purple. Calyx-lobes large, roundish. Bracts longer
than fruit-stalk. Fields. Ann. June-Sept. E.B.S. 2876. Bab. 18.

Y

1G2

F. Vaillantii. Fig. 1611.

Flower purple. Calyx minute. Fruit-stalks longer than pointed
fruit, twice longer than bract. S. and E. of England ; rare. Ann.
July-Nov. E. B. S. 2877. Bab. 18.

F. PALLIDI FLORA. Fig. 1612.

Stem climbing. Flower purple, dark-tipped. Calyx toothed, half
as long as the large corolla, falling off. Fruit squarish. Borders of
fields. Ann. July-Sept. Curtis, 2. 145. Bab.\7.

Order IX. VIOLACEAE.

Genus 1. Viola. Violet.

V. canina. Bog Violet. Fig. 1613.

Tufted. Leaves rounded, acute. Central and side stems alike long
and flowering. FI. scentless, purple : the spur yellow, blunt. Spur
of anther 3 times as long as broad. Sandy places. Perenn. April,
May. Bab. 38. — V. lactea, fig. 150, is a var. only, (Figs. 148, 149
belong to var. /3 of the Wood Violet, V. sylvatica of Fries.)

V. stagnina. Fig. 1614.

Stem erect. Lower leaves rounded at base, but not cordate. Flower
very pale blue. Spur very short. Anther-spur short. Turf-bogs ;
rare. Perenn. May, June. Bab. 39.

Order XIII. CARYOPHYLLACEAE.

Genus 2. Dianthus. Pink.

D. plumarius. Fig. 1615.

Leaves rough-edged. FI. solitary, pink or white, fragrant. Bracts
very short, roundish-ovate. Pet. very deeply notched, quite digitate ;
downy in middle. Seeds flat. Old walls. Perenn. June. Bab. 45.
Genus 15. Cerastium. Mouse-ear Chickweed.

C. pumilum. Fig. 1616.

Hairy. Stems viscid, branched at root only. Lower leaves spathu-
late, upper oblong. Bracts narrowly membranous. Flowers in terminal
corymbs. Dry banks. Ann. April, May. Curtis, 2. 92. Bab. 56.
Genus 14. Arenaria. Sand-wort.

A. leptoclados. Fig. 1617.

Stems very slender, much branched. Leaves small, ovate, acute.
Pet. short. Caps, oblong. Dry places and walls. June-Oct. Bab. 58.
. Genus 14*. Alsine.

A. stricta. Fig. 1618.

Prostrate, tufted. Leaves veinless. Flowers 1-3, terminal, very long.

Calyx acute. Teesdale ; rare. Perenn. June. JV U. £. 2890. Bab. 51.

Order XV. MALVACEAE.

Genus 2. Malva. Mallow.

M. VERTIC1LLATA. Fig. 1619.

Erect. Leaves in 5 deep triangular-acute lobes. Flowers axillary,
clustered, small. Llanelly, S. Wales [not native]. E.B.S. 2953. Bab. 58.

Order XVII. LIYPERICACEtE.

Genus 1. Hypericum. St. John’s Wort.

II. Androsasmum. Wild Tutsan. Fig. 1620.

A shrub. Leaves blunt, aromatic. Styles much shorter than sta¬
mens. Petals short. [II. anglicum, fig. 241, has long styles: it is
scarcely native.] Thickets. E. and S. of Britain. Sept., Oct. Bab. GO.

• /6'flJ fr> ■/{/:? 0.

■ f if . Walter dei .

81.

163

Order XXV. LEGUMINOSiE.

Genus 1. Ulex. Furze.

U. Gallii. Fig. 1621.

An erect spiny shrub. Primary spines strong, deflexed. Flower

orange ; the wings longer than keel, but not apparently. Very like U.
nanus. Oct.-Nov. Perenn. Heaths. Bab. 73.

Genus 15. Vicia, Vetch.

V. gracilis. Fig. 1622.

Stem ascending. Leaflets linear, acute, in 3-4 pairs. Flower large,

pale blue. Pods 5-8-seeded. Seeds small. S. of England. Ann. June-
Ang. E.B.S. 2904. Bab. 83.

Genus 8. Trifolium. Trefoil.

T. incarnatum. Fig. 1623.

Villose, erect. Heads ovate, then cylindrical, solitary, terminal. Calyx
not inflated ; teeth in fruit patent, nearly equal, shorter than corolla.
Flower nearly white. Lizard Point. Ann. July. E.B.S. 2950. Bab. 77.
T. Bocconi. Fig. 1624.

Ascending. Heads oblong-ovate, terminal, two together. Calyx not
inflated ; teeth as long as corolla. Leaflets oblong-obovate, with straight
veins. Flower small, yellow. Lizard Point. Ann. July. E.B.S.
2868. Bab. 78.

T. strictum. Fig. 1625.

Diffuse. Heads globose, axillary. Calyx not inflated ; teeth unequal,
spreading. Stipules broad. Upper leaflets oblong. Jersey, Cornwall.
Ann. June-Aug. E.B.S. 2949. Bab. 79.

Genus 7. Melilotus. Melilot.

M. arvensis. Fig. 1626.

Flower yellow ; wings and standard equal, longer than keel. Pods
ovate, rounded, slightly keeled on back. Cambridge, &c. June. E.B.S.
296U. Bab. 76

Genus 6. Medicagq. Medici.

M. sylvestris. Fig. 1627.

Stems quadrangular. Pod forming one complete flat ring. Flower
large, yellow or blackish-green. Norfolk, &c. Perenn. June. Bab. 75.

Order XXVI. ROSACEAE.

Genus 5. Rubus. Bramble.

R. glandulosus. Fig. 1628.

Stem round, prickles small. Leaflets rarely 5, nearly equal, oblong,
cuspidate, hairy on veins beneath. Flower-stalk soft, felted, and with
set®. Woods. Aug., Sept. E.B.S. 2883. Bab. 108.

R. Leesii. Zees' Raspberry. Fig. 1629.

Creeping. Stems round. Prickles straight. Leaflets 3, round, ovate,
imbricated ; prickles of flower-shoot few, setaceous, from a bulbous base.
Somerset and Devonshire. June. Bab. 97.

Genus 12. Alchemilla. Lady’s Mantle.

A. conjuncta. Silky Lady's Mantle. Fig. 1630.

Radical leaves peltate-palmate, of 5-7 divisions joined for 3rd of
their length; very silky beneath. Scotch Mountains (G. Don). Perenn.
July. Bab. 93.

y 2

1G4

Genus 14. Poterium. Salad Burnet.

P. muricatum. Rough-seeded Burnet. Fig. 1631.

Calyx of fruit hardened, 4-winged, pitted, the pits denticulate. Dry
places. Perenn. June. Bah. 92.

Order XXVII. ONAGRACEiE.

Genus 1. Epilobium. Willow-herb.

E. obscurum. Fig. 1632.

Leaves tapering from a rounded base, sessile, remotely denticulate.
Lower leaves oblong, blunt. Stolons long-jointed. Stigma cut. Wet
places. Perenn. July, Aug. Bub. 121.

E. TETRAGONUM. Fig. 1633.

Much branched. Leaves strap-shaped, much denticulate- serrate.
Damp places. Perenn. July. Curtis, 1. 66. Bab. 121.

Order XXXVI. SAXIFRAGACE^E.

Genus 1. Saxifraga. Saxifrage.

S. affinis. Fig. 1634.

(-3 inches, erect. Leaves with broad base, and 3-5 linear lobes.
Flowers few ; calyx-lobes subulate ; petals white, oblong, indexed.
Very like S. hypnoides. Kerry. July. E.B.S. 2903. Bab. 134.

S. (lespitosa, var. incurvifolia. Fig. 1635.

Root-leaves crowded, blunt ; stem-leaves incurved. Kerry. May,
June. E. B. S. 2909. Bab. 134.

S. elegans. Fig. 1636.

Leaves round, not tapering into the footstalks, which are broad, and
convex beneath. Rare in Kerry. June. E.B.S. 2892. Bab. 133.

S. Geum. Kidney-leaved Saxifrage. Fig. 163^

Leaves broader than long, purple beneath, reniform. Footstalks long,
hairy, channeled. W. of Ireland. June. E. B. S. 2893 (see also our
fig. 489). Bab. 133.

S. umbrosa, var. £. serratifolia. London Pride. Fig. 1638.
Leaves oblong, acutely serrate, erect. W. of Ireland. June. E. B. S.
2891. Bab. 133.

Order XXXVII. UMBELLIFERiE.

Genus 16. GSnanthe. Water Dropwort.

CE. PIMPINELLOIDES.

Stem 2 ft. high. Root with long fibres bearing knobs,
bipinnate, the leaflets wedge-like. Stem-leaves pinnate,
thick corky base. S. of England. June, July. Perenn.

Fig. 1639.

Root-leaves
Fruit with
Bab. 14 7.

Genus 3*. Astrantia.

A. major. Fig* 1640.

Leaves palmate, with 5 oblong acute lobes. Involucral leaves entire ;
straw-coloured, equalling the umbel. Malvern and Ludlow, naturalized.
June -Aug. Perenn. Bab. 143.

,4* frit-fa1:

J- W- Softer dd.

if /iA k

, JS26'd hfe

fm <■

'ill

KOHfc?? dL

-itA

w icrf 1

T hfr^XT

Sra

1G5

Order XLII. RUBIACE.ZE.

Genus 2. Galium. Bed-straw.

G. Vaillantii. Fig. 1641.

Leaves 6-8, rough. Flowers axillary, 3-9 in a cluster, green. Fruit
hispid. Fields. Essex. Ann. July. (Probably a variety of G. spurium,
fig. G02.) E.B.S. 2943. Bab. 160.

OrderLY. GENTIANACEtE.

Genus 1. ( Exacum ) Cicendia.

C. pusilla. Fig. 1642.

Stem 1 in. or more, slender, branched. Leaves all narrow. Calyx
4 -parted. Flower pink. Guernsey. Ann. June, July. Bab. 223.

Order XLV. COMPOSITE.

Genus 11. Crepis. Hawk’s-beard.

C. SETOSA. Fig. 1643.

Leaves runcinate ; stem-leaves arrow-shaped, entire except at base.

Involucre not covering the pappus, and, as well as peduncles, hispid.
Fields. July, Aug. E.B.S. 2945. Bab. 199.

C. TARAXACI FOLIA. Fig. 1644.

Stem hispid, angular. Leaves mostly radical, rough, runcinate.
Involucral leaves bristly, covering half the pappus, with membranous
margin. Fruit all equally beaked. E.B.S. 2929. Bab. 198.

Genus 10. Hieracium. Hawkweed.

II. iricum. Fig. 1645.

Rigid, not branching, very leafy. Root-leaves ovate, with short
footstalks. Stem-leaves clasping, broadly ovate. Styles livid. Flower-
heads hairy and bristly. Mountains. Perenn. July, Aug. E. B. S.
2915. Bab. 203.

Genus 31*. Filago. Cudweed.

F. apiculata. Fig. 1646.

Stem mostly erect, proliferous at summit, cottony. Leaves all oblong,
blunt, apiculate. Heads 5 -angled, half sunk in wool, overtopped by 1
or 2 blunt leaves. Ann. July, Aug. Bab. 181.

F. spathulata. Fig. 1647.

Diffuse, proliferous, silky. Leaves obovate. Heads not sunk in
wool, with 5 prominent angles, clusters overtopped by 2-3 acute leaves.
Ann. July, Aug. Bub. 181.

Genus 16. Arctium. Burdock.

A. majus. Fig. 1648.

Leaves blunt. Petioles solid, furrowed. Heads very large, sub-
corymbose, long-stalked, hemispherical, glabrous. Upper part of flower
subcylindrical, more than half as long as lower part. Bienn. Aug.
Bab. 186.

Genus 1. Tragopogon. Goat’s-beard.

T. minor. Fig. 1649.

Stem 2 feet high, branched. Involucre about twice as long as flower.
Flower yellow. Meadows. July, Aug. (T. major. Hook.) Bab. 195.

Order XLIX. ERICACEAE.

Genus 1. Erica. Heath.

E. Mackaiana. Mackay's Heath. Fig. 1650.

Leaves 4 in a whorl, revolute, smooth above and on midrib beneath.
Calyx-lobes and ovary glabrous. FI. purple. E.B.S. 2900. Bub. 215.

1GG

Order LVII. CON V OLYULACEiE.

Genus 2. Cuscuta. Dodder.

C. Tiufolii. Clover Dodder. Fig. 1651.

Clusters sessile ; scales off!, converging, equalling half the tube of cor.,
and below standing out from it. July-Sept. E.B.S. 2898. Bab. 226.

Order LX. OROBANC II ACE/E.

Genus 1. Ouobanche. Broom Rape.

O. Picridis. Fig. 1652.

Sepals 1-3-veined, entire, or bifid, subulate. Corolla nearly straight,
slightly curved at each end. Upper lip not notched. Stigma violet.
Parasitic on Picris. llare. July. E.B.S. 2956. Bab. 236.

Order LXII. LABIATAE.

Genus 6. Teucrium. Germander.

T. Botrys. Fig. 1653.

Stem erect, annual. Leaves trifid or pinnatifid, the segments oblong,
entire or cut. FI. pale purple. Box Hill. Ann. Aug., Sept. Bab. 263.

Genus 4. Thymus. Thyme.

T. Cham^edrys. Fig. 1654.

Stems all alike, ascending. Corolla with upper lip semicircular.
Heaths. Perennial. July, Aug. Bab. 256.

Genus 12. Lamium. Dead-nettle.

L. intermedium. Scotch Dead-nettle. Fig. 1655.

Upper leaves reniform, crenate. Calyx-teeth longer than their tube,
hispid, always spreading. Nuts very large. Common in Scotland.
Ann. June-Sept. Bab. 259.

Genus 19. Calamintha. Calamint.

C. SYLVATICA. Fig. 1656.

Leaves broad, sharply serrate. Segments of lower corolla-lip over¬
lapping. Isle of Wight. Aug. -Oct. Perenn. E. B. S. 2897. Bab. 257.

Order LXI. SCROPHULARIACEAE.

Genus 7. Scrophularia. Fig-wort.

S. Ehrharti. Stevens Fig-wort. Fig. 1657.

Leaves acute, serrate, their lower teeth smaller. Stem and petioles
winged. Bracts leaflike. Cymes lax, few-flowered. Staminode bifid,
with diverging lobes. Aug., Sept. E. B. S. 2875. Bab. 2-43.

Order LXY. PRIMULACEiE.

Genus 6. Lysimachia. Loosestrife.

L. ciliata. Fig. 1658,

Peduncles axillary. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, subccrdate, with ciliate
stalk. Corolla-filaments 10, free, 5 sterile. Flower ysllow. Perenn.
July. Cumberland. E.B.S. 2922. Bab. 269.

Order LXVI. PLUMBAGINACEiE.

Genus 1. Armeria. Thrift.

A. PLANTAGINEA. Fig. 1659.

Leaves all similar, 3-5-veined. * Jersey. Perenn. June, July.
E. B. S. 2928. Bab. 272.

Genus 2. Statice. Sea Lavender.

S. Bahusiensis. Fig. 1660.

Stems not corymbose. Spikes lax, erect. - Outer bract keeled. Salt
marshes. July, Aug. (S. rarijlora, E. B. S. 2917.) Bab. 271.

uf/6'J// /d /60O.

1648

i AfOOfla

03JU

J. E.Sowerbj. sculpt

A JLA ' J6S0 muSS

1661

9 i ,1

S3.

167

Order LXIX, CHENOPODIACEiE.

Genus 3. Atriplex. Orache.

A. Babingtonii. Fig. 1661.

Spreading. Leaves ovate-triangular. Perianth of fr. large, rhomboid,
acute, toothed. Seashore. Ann. July, Aug. E.B.S.2 880. Bab. 281*.

Order LXXYI. EUPHORBIACEiE.

Genus 2. Euphorbia. Spurge.

E. stricta. Upright Spurge. Fig. 1662.

2 or 3 feet high. Umbels moderate. Stamens rarely more than 2.
Capsule with prominent tubercles. Limestone woods in the West.
June-Aug. Bab. 291.

Order LXXXIV. AM E N TIP E R/E . ( Salicacea , p. 113.)
Genus 1. Saljx. Willow.

S. cuspidata. <g Fig. 1663, 5 1664.

A tree. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, glandular-serrate. Sti¬
pules g-cordate, oblique. Shrewsbury. June. Bab. 298.

Order XC. ORCHIDACEAE.

Genus 10. Epipactis. Helleborine.

E. ovalis. Fig. 1665.

A foot high. Leaves and bracts small. Bracts shorter than the
fruit. Lower lip (labellum) transversely oval, mucronate. Flower
dark yellow to blackish-red. July. E. B. S. 2884. Bab. 323. (It is
the Helleborine No. 2, &c., of Ray 383.)

Genus 8. Spiranthes ( Neottia , p. 125). Lady’s Tresses.

S. cernua. Fig. 1666.

Root-fibres cylindric. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Flower fragrant.
Spike inch, dense. Lip blunt. Perenn. Aug., Sept. Bot. Mag.

52 77. Bab. 322.

Genus 1. Orchis. Orchis.

O. latifolta. Marsh Orchis. Fig. 1667.

A foot high. Leaves spreading, blunt; the spots faint, ring- like.

June. Bab. 318.

Genus 10*. Epipogium.

E. aphyli.um. . Fig. 1668.

Stem a few inches. Leaves none. Petals narrow. Yellow. Lip
with purple tubercles. Spur very thick. A singular deformed-looking
plant. Damp woods. Hereford. Aug. B.Mag. 4821. Bab. 324,

Order XCIII [in part]. ASPARAGACEAE. (. Liliacea ,

p. 128.)

Genus 3*. Maianthemum.

M. btfolium. Fig. 1669.

Only 2 deeply cordate leaves. Flower small, in a terminal raceme.
Berries yellow, with brown spots. Perenn. May. Bab. 330.

Order XCIII. LILIACEtE.

Genus 6. Allium. Garlic.

A. Babingtonii. Babington's Leek. Fig. 1670.

Stem 4-6 feet, leafy below. Leaves acutely keeled. Umbel loose,
irregular, with secondary heads. Flowers few, pale purple. Stamens
trifid. Galway. Aug. E. B. S. 2906. Bab. 334.

1GS

A. triquetrum. Guernsey Ramsons. Fig. 1671.

Stem 3-cornered. Leaves linear, sharply folded. Spathe 2-valved,
the umbel without bulbs. Flowers white. Guernsey. May, June.
Bab. 335.

A. sibiricum. Cornish Chives. Fig. 1672.

Leaves curved and bent down, with crenulate ribs. Heads large.
Petals lanceolate. Barren bulbs single-leaved. Style longer than
young germen. (Possibly a variety of fig. 1289.) Cornwall. June,
July. E. B. S. 2934. Bab. 335.

A. Scorodoprasum. Sand Garlic. Fig. 1673.

Stem leafy below. Leaves flat. Spathe short-pointed. Umbels
globose, with bulbs. Stamens shorter than petals. June, July. E. B. S.
2905. Bab. 334.

Genus 3*. Simethis.

S. bicolor. Fig. 1674.

Root fleshy. Leaves linear. Flower panicled, purple, white inside.
Heaths. Dorsetshire; Kerry. May. E. B. S. 2952. Bab. 336.

Genus 13. Lilium. Lily.

L. Pomponium. Yellow Turk's-cap. Fig. 1675.

A foot high. Leaves scattered. Flower nodding. Yellow, with

black dots. Near S. Molton, Devon. May. Bab. 332.

Order XCI. IRIDACEiE.

Genus 1*. Sisyrinchium.

S. ANCEPS. Fig. 1676.

Scape 2-edged, nearly leafless. Leaves grasslike. Flowers blue.
Galway. Perenn. July. Bab. 326.

Genus 2*. Gladiolus. Sword-Flag.

G. illyricus. Fig. 1677.

18 inches high. Leaves slender. Flower red, changing to blue.
Among ferns in New Forest and Isle of Wight. July. Bab. 3 26.

Order XCVI. JUNCACEtE.

Genus 3. Luzula. Wood Rush.

L. pilosa, var. Borreri. Fig. 1678.

Probably an abortive state of the Wood Hairy Rush (fig. 1327).
Growing luxuriant in thickets. May. Bab. 344.

Genus 2. Juncus. Rush.

J. diffusus. Fig. 1679.

Stem finely striate, pith continuous. Capsule small, obovate, blunt,
mucronate. (Very like J. glaucus, fig. 1309.) Wet places. July,
Aug. Bab. 339.

Order CL ARACEiE.

Genus 1. Arum.

A. italicum. Fig. 1680.

Leaves autumnal, all radical, with divaricate lobes. Isle of Wight.

Perenn. June. Bab. 349.

1061 6 W80.

J.W. Salter del

1G9

Order CIV. FOTAMOGETON ACE/E.

( Naiadacecc [in part], p. 13G.)

Genus 1. Potamogeton. Pond-weed.

P. trichoides. Fig. 1681.

Stem very slender. Leaves subsetaceous, veined. Fruit with a
straight inner edge toothed on each side near base. July, Aug. Bab.
354.

P. zostera:folius. Fig. 1682.

Leaves apiculate, covered all over with parallel veins (three principal
ones). Spikes cylindric, on long fruit-stalks. Rivers and lakes. June.
E. B. S. 2685. Bab. 353.

P. filiformis. Fig. 1683.

Leaves linear-setaceous. Spikes greatly interrupted. Fruit small,
rounded on the back, without ridges. Forfar and Berwickshires ; rare.
June, July. Bab. 355.

Order CIV'. NAIAD ACE^.

Genus 1. Naias.

Naias flexilis. Fig. 1684.

Leaves very narrow, ternate, pellucid, minutely denticled. Ovary
solitary, sessile, oblong. Galway (Prof. Oliver). Aug. Bab. 356.

Genus 2. Zostera. Grass-wrack.

Z. MARINA, var. ANGUSTI FOLIA. Fig. 1685.

A variety with fewer leaf-veins and longer fruit-stalks. July, Aug.
Bub. 356.

Z. nana. Fig. 1686.

3 inches long. Leaves 1-veined. Spadix short, banded. Nuts
smooth. Muddy estuaries. July, Aug. Bab. 356.

Order CV. CYPERACE^E.

Genus 8. Eriophorum. Cotton-grass.

E. gracile. Fig. 1687.

Tall, slender. Leaves narrow-linear, 3-angled. Peduncles downy.
Nut oblong-linear. Bogs. Yorkshire, &c. June— Aug. E. B. S. 2886.
Bab. 364.

Genus 10. Carex. Sedge.

C. Grahami. Fig. 1688.

Barren spikes 1 or 2 ; fertile 2-3, ovate, blunt. Fruit twice as long
as glume, oblong-ovate, inflated, narrowly ribbed. Beak short, bifid.
Clova, &c. July. E.B.S. 2923. Bab. 380.

C. irrigua. Fig. 1689.

Leaves flat, smooth-edged. Fertile spikes 2-3, drooping, a few 3
flowers at their base. Bracts broad, nearly flat. Glumes purple.
Fruit round-ovate, faintly ribbed. Bogs. S. of Scotland. June. E.B.S.
2895. Bab. 373.

C. MONTANA. Fig. 1690.

Root fibrous. Stem slender. Fertile spikes 1-3, ovoid, crowded.
Fruit oblong-obovate, hairy, with short notched beak. Tunbridge,
Chepstow. April, May. E.B.S. 2924. Mab. 3/5.

z

170

C. PARADOXA. Fig. 1G91.

1 -2 feet high. Spikes narrow, panicled. Fruit ovate, many-ribbed
near base; beak not split nor winged ou back. Bogs; rare. June,
July. E.B.S. 2896. Bab. 667.

C. Bonninghausiana. Fig. 1692.

Inflorescence very long. Lower spikelets alternately branched. Fruit
serrulate from below middle. Glumes equalling the fruit, silvery,
smooth. Marshes, &c. June. E. B. S. 2910. Bab. ‘668.

C. Buxbaumii. Fig. 1693.

Stem rough. Sheaths with netlike filaments. Spikes 3-4. Glumes
cuspid. Fruit oval, compressed, bidentate. Nut trigonous, apiculate.
June. E.B.S. 2885. Bab. 672.

Order CVI. GRAMINEiE.

Genus G*. Leersia. Cut-grass.

L. oryzotdes. Fig. 1694.

Leaves broad, rough-edged. Panicle with wavy branches. Keel of
glume ciliate. S. counties. Aug., Sept. E. B. S. 2908. Bab. 393.

Genus 13*. Apera. Wind-grass.

A. interrupta. Fig. 1695.

Panicle close. Anthers oval. Awn very long. E. counties. June,
July. E.B.S. 2951. Bab. 395.

Genus 24. Poa. Meadow-grass.

P. Balfourii. Fig. 1696.

Boot-fibres perennial, creeping. Panicle spreading. Flowers 3 or 4,

webbed. Ligule prominent, blunt. Mountains. July. E. B. S. 2918.
Bab. 402.

P. Parnellii. Fig. 1697.

Stem ascending. Panicle rather close. Upper sheath longer than

its leaf. Flow'ers 2-3, acute, free. Ligule very short. Teesdale. July.
E.B.S. 2916. Bab. 403.

Genus 24*. Glyceria. Flote-grass.

G. fluitans. Fig. 1698.

Stem floating. Panicle secund, slightly branched, very long. Spike-
lets of 7-12 acute flowers. Lower palese three times as long as broad.
Anthers long, purple. June-Sept. Bab. 403.

Genus 35. Triticum. Wheat-grass.

T. acute m. Fig. 1699.

Leaves ribbed (rough even above). Spike close. Glumes 5-7-ribbed,
blunt or mucronate. Sea-shores. July, Aug. Bab. 412.

Genus 37. Lolium. Rye-grass.

L. linicola. Fig. 1700.

Stem erect: no barren shoots. Spikelets 7-1 1 -flowered. Lower
pale longer than its awn or awnless. Sussex, Yorkshire. June, July.
E.B.S. 2955. Bab. 414.

SUPPLEMENT

FERNS AND FERN-ALLIES.

Er JOHN E. SOWEKBY.

Order CVIL EQUISETACEiE.

Genus 1. Equisetum.

E. aryense. Field Horse-tail. Fig. 1701.

Fertile stems unbranched ; sheaths distant, loose. Sterile stems with
12-14 striae. Moist pastures. 6 in. to 2 ft. Perenn. March. E.BA.
2020. E.B. 2.1461. H.fyAm. 593. Bab. A. 414, 5. 415. N.77. S. 1.
E. umbrosum. Blunt-topped Horse-tail. Fig. 1702.

Fertile stems unbranched, sheaths appressed. Sterile stems with
about 20 striae. Moist woods. 2 ft. Perenn. March. E.B.S.2777.
E.B. 2. 1460. H. fy Am. 597. Bab. 4.415,5.415. N. 03. S. 2.
E. Telmateia. Great Horse-tail. Fig. 1703.

Sterile stems nearly smooth, with about 30 striae. Marshes and
bogs. 3-6 ft. high. Perenn. March. E. B. 1. 2022. E.B. 2.1459.
11. Am. 597. Bab. 4.415,5.416. N.67. /S'. 3.

E. sylvaticum. Wood Horse-tail. Fig. 1704.

Stems with about 12 striae. Moist woods. 12-1 8 in. April, May.
E.BA. 18/4. E. B. 2. 1462. II. Am. 598. Ea6. 4. 415, 5. 416.
N. 59. S. 4.

E. limosum. Smooth Horse-tail. Fig. 1705.

Stems nearly smooth, with numerous slight striae. Ponds and ditches.
2-4 ft. Perenn. July. E.B. 1.929. E. B. 2. 1463. II. fy Am.
598. Bab. 4.415, 5. 416. AT. 51. S. 5.

E. palustre. Marsh Horse-tail. Fig. 1706.

Stems rough, with 6 or 8 broad prominent striae. "Watery places.
6-18in. Perenn. July. E.B.\.292\. E.B.2A454. H.fyArn.
598. Bab. 4. 416, 5. 416. N. 43. S. 6.

E. hyemale. Rough Horse-tail. Fig. 1707.

Stems simple, very rough, with 14-20 striae. Damp woods. 2-3 ft.
Aug. E. BA. 915. E. B. 2. 1465. II. fy Am. 599. Bab. 4. 416,
5.417. N. 17. S. 8.

E. Moorei. Moore's Equisetum. Fig. 1708.

Stem simple, rough, with 10-14 striae. Rock field, Wicklow. 1-3 ft.
Ann. Aug. Bab. 4. 416, 5. 417. S. 12.

E. Mackaii. Machay’s Equisetum. Fig. 1709.

Stem erect, simple, very rough, with 8-12 striae. Sheaths close, ulti¬
mately wholly black. Mountain glens. 1-4 ft. Perenn. Aug.
II. fy Am. 599. Bab. 4. 416, 5. 417. N. 24. S. 9.

E. variegattjm. Variegated Rough Horse-tail. Fig. 1710.

Stems decumbent, with 4-10 striae. Sandy sea-shores. 1-8 in.
Perenn. Aug. E. B. 1 . 1987. E. B. 2. 1466. II. fy Am. 599. Bab 1-
416, 5.417. AT. 31. S. U,

172

E. Wilsoni. Wilson's Equisetum. Fig. 1711.

Stem erect, simple, nearly smooth, with 8-10 striae. Teeth short,
blunt. Mucruss, Killarney. 2-3 ft. Perenn. Aug. N. 39. S. 10.

Order CVIII. FILICES.

Suborder 1. Polypodiacea:.

Tribe 1. Polypodies.

Genus 1. Cryptogramme.

C. crispa. Rock Brake. Fig. 1712.

Barren fronds hi-tripinnate, leaflets wedge-shaped. Fertile fronds
linear- oblong, entire. Mountain rocks. 6-12 in. May, June. E.BA.
1160. E.B. 2. 1442. II . Am. 590 . Bab. 4. 419,5.420. Ar. 103.
S. F. 39.

Genus 2. Polypodium.

P. vulgare. Common Polypody . Fig. 1713.

Fronds strap-shaped; segments linear-lanceolate, somewhat serrated.
Shady hedge-banks. 5-18 in. May-Aug. E.B. 1.1149. E.B. 2.
1409. H.fyAm.5 81. Bab. 4. 419, 5. 420. JV. 111. S.F.l.

P. Phegopteris. Mountain Polypody. Fig. 1714.

Fronds subpinnate ; pinnae linear-lanceolate, the two lowest turned
downwards and forwards, hairy. Moist woods and mountain rills.
5-12 in. Perenn. Julv-Sept. E. B. 1.2224. E. B. 2. 1410. II.
Am. 581. Bab. 4. 419, 5. 421. N. 115. S.F.2.

P. Dryopteris. Tender 3-branched Polypody. Fig. 1715.

Fronds ternate, glabrous ; segments pinnate, pinnae pinnatifid. Shady
rocky places. 3-12 in. Perenn. June, July. i?. U. 1. 616. E.B. 2.
1411. H. Am. 582. Bab. 4.420,5.421. N. 123. S.F.3.

P. calcareum. Rigid 3-branched Polypody. Fig. 1716.

Fronds triangular, subternate, glandular. Limestone districts.
4-12 in. Perenn. June, July. E.BA. 1525. E. B ■ 2. 1412. H.
Am. 582. Bab. 4.420,5.421. N. 131. S.F.4.

P. alpestre. Alpine Polypody. Fig. 1717.

Fronds lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinnae linear-lanceolate, pinnatifid, with
obtuse serrated lobes. Highlands of Scotland. 6 in. to 3 ft. Perenn.
July, Aug. II. fy Am. 582. Bab. 5. 421. N. 200. S. F. 49.
Genus 3. Woodsia.

W. Ilvensis. Oblong Woodsia. Fig. 1718.

Fronds lanceolate, chaffy beneath ; pinnae oblong. Moist mountainous
rocks. 2-3 in. Perenn. Aug. E.B.S. 2616. E.B. 2.1413. H. fy
Am. 583. Bab. 4. 420, 5. 422. N. 13 7. S.F.5.

W. hyperborea. Alpine Woodsia. Fig. 1719.

Fronds linear-lanceolate, glabrous ; pinnae triangular, pinnatifid. Alp¬
ine rocks. 2-3 in. Perenn. July. E.B. 1. 2023. E.B. 2. 1414.
H. Am. 583. Bab. 5. 422. N. 143. S. F. 6.

Tribe 2. Aspidieye.

Genus 4. Lastrea.

L. Thelypteris. Marsh Fern. Fig. 1720.

Fronds lanceolate, pinnate ; pinnae linear-lanceolate, slightly downy,
without glands. Sori submarginal. Marshy places. 1-4 ft. Perenn.
July, Aug. E.BA. 1018. E. B. 2. 1420. II. ^ Am. 584. Bab. 4.
421, 5.422. N. 183. S.F.7.

*

.

'

173

L. Oreopteris. Sweet Mountain Fern. Fig. 1721.

Fronds tufted, pinnate ; pinnae linear-lanceolate, pinnatifid, with
resinous glands beneath, gradually decreasing to the root. Upland
heaths and woods. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July. E. B. 1. 1019. E.B. 2.
1419. II. Sr Am. 584. Bab. 4.421, 5.422. N. 187. S. F. 8.

L. Filtx-mas. Male Fern. Fig. 1722.

Fronds lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinnae linear-lanceolate. Sori near the
mid-vein. Woods and hedge-banks. 2-5 ft. Perenn. June, July.
E. B. 1. 1458. E. B. 2. 1422. H. $• Am. 585. Bab. 4. 421, 5. 423.
Ar. 198. S.F.O.

L. rigida. Rigid Lastrea. Fig. 1723.

Fronds triangnlar-lanceolate, bipinnate, glandular. Indusium fringed
with glands. Limestone rocks. 1-2 ft. Perenn. July, Aug. E. B. S.
2724. E.B. 2.1423. II. Am. 585. Bab. 4.422, 5.423. iV. 191.
S.F. 11.

L. cristata. Crested Fern. Fig. 1724.

Fronds linear-lanceolate ; pinnae short, triangular-oblong, with oblong
serrated lobes. Bogs; rare. 2ft. Perenn. Aug. E.B. 1.2125.
E.B. 2.1421. H. fy Am. 584. Bab. 4. 421, 5. 423. N. 203. S.F. 10.

L. spinulosa. Narrow Prickly-toothed Fern. Fig. 1725.

Fronds linear-lanceolate, bipinnate. Scales of stipe broad, ovate,
pale. Damp woods. 1-3 ft. Perenn. July-Sept. E. B. 1 . 1460.
E. B. 2. 1424. H. fy Am. 586. Bab. 4. 422, 5. 424. N. 203. S.F. 12.

L. dilatata. Broad Prickly-toothed Fern. Fig. 1726.

Frond ovato-lanceolate, bipinnate. Scales of stipe long, lanceolate,
dark in the centre. E.B. 1.1461. £’.£.2.1425. Bab. 4. 422, 5. 424.
N. 215. S.F. 13.

L. fcenisecii. Recurved Prickly -toothed Fern. Fig. 1727.

Fronds curved, triangular-ovate, bipinnate. Scales of stipe narrow,
lanceolate, laciniate, pale. Damp shady places. 1-3 ft. Aug., Sept.
Bab. 4. 422, 5. 424. N. 225. S. F. 14.

Genus 5. Polysticoum.

P. Lonchitis. Holly Fern. Fig. 1728-

Fronds rigid, linear-lanceolate ; pinnae spinose-serrate, auricled above,
oblique below. Mountainous districts. 3-18 in. Perenn. July.
E. B. 1. 797. E.B. 2.1415. H. Am. 58o. Bab. 4.423, 5.424.
N. 163. S.F. 15.

P. aculeatum. Prickly Shield Fern. Fig. 1729.

Frond rigid, subpinnate, pinnules more or less decurrent. Hedge-
banks. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July, Aug. E.B. 1. 1562. E.B.2.1A17*

II. Am. 583. Bab. 4.423, 5.425. N. 169. S.F. 17.

P. lobatum. Close-leaved Prickly Shield Fern. Fig. 1730.

Frond rigid, simply pinnate ; pinnae lobed or pinnatifid. Hedge-
banks. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July, Aug. £'.£.1.1563. £'.£.2.1416.

II. Am. 583. S. F. 16.

174

P. angui.are. Angular -leaved Shield Fern. Fig. 1731.

Frond lax, bipinnate; pinnules truncate below, distinctly stalked.
Sheltered woods. 2-3 ft. Perenn. July, Aug. E. B. S. 2776. E. B. 2.
1418. II. ^ Am. 5 84. Bab. 4.423, 5.425. N. 173. S.F. 18.

Genus 6. Cystopteius.

C. fragilis. Brittle Bladder Fern. Fig. 1732.

Frond lanceolate, bipinnate; pinnae lanceolate, pinnules ovato-lan-
ceolate, sharply toothed. Rocks and walls. 2-12 in. Perenn. July.
E. B. 1. 1587. E. B. 2. 1427. //. ^ Am. 587. Bab. 4. 423, 5. 425.
N. 155. S.F. 19.

C. angustata. Narrow Bladder Fern. Fig. 1733.

Frond oblong-lanceolate ; pinnules lanceolate, acute, cut, more or less
decurrent. Loose stone fences. 4-10 in. Perenn. July. E.B.S.
2790. E. B. 2. 1428. N. 156. S.F. 20.

C. dentata. Toothed Bladder Fern. Fig. 1734.

Frond lanceolate, bipinnate; pinnules ovate, blunt, bluntly toothed.
Rocky places. 4-6 in. Perenn. July. E. B. 1. 1588. E. B. 2. 1426.
Bab. 4. 424, 5.425. N. 154. S.F. 21.

C. alpina. Alpine Bladder Fern. Fig. 1735.

Fronds lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinnules confluent, oblong-ovate, deeply
pinnatifid ; lobes broadly and shortly linear, with two or three erect
blunt teeth. Low Leyton, Essex. 4 in. Perenn. July. E.B. 1.
163. E.B. 2.1429. II. fy Am. 587. Bab. 4. 424, 5. 426. S.F. 23.
C. Montana. Mountain Bladder Fern. Fig. 1736.

Fronds triangular, tripinnate ; pinnae and pinnules spreading, lohes
toothed at the apex. Scotch mountains. 6-8 in. Perenn. Aug.
II. Am. 587. Bab. 4.424, 5. 426. N. 98. S. F. 24.

C. Dickieana. Broad-leaved Bladder Fern. Fig. 1737.

Fronds ovate-lanceolate, pinnae overlapping. A variety of C. dentata.
Near Aberdeen. 3-4 in. Perenn. Aug. N. 93. S. F. 22.

Tribe 3. Asplenieje.

Genus 7. Athyrium.

A. Filix-fcemina. Lady Fern. Fig. 1738.

Fronds lanceolate, pinnate; pinnules linear-oblong, deeply serrated.
Damp woods. 1-5 ft. Perenn. June, July. A. if. 1.1459. E.B. 2.
1438. H. fy Am. 589. Bab. 4. 425, 5.426. N. 207. S.F. 25.

Genus 8. Asplenium.

A. fontanum. Smooth Rock Spleenwort. Fig. 1739.

Fronds linear-lanceolate, rigid ; pinnules obovatc, with a few large
mucronate teeth. Walls; rare. 4 in. Perenn. June-Sept. E.B. 1.
2024. E.B. 2.1439. II. ^ Am. 589. Bab. 4. 4 25, 5.427. S.F. 26.
A. lanceoi.atum. Lanceolate Spleenwort. Fig. 1740.

Fronds lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinnules obovate, deeply and sharply
toothed. Sori short, nearly marginal. Rocks and old walls. 2-18 in.
Perenn. June-Sept. E. B. 1. 240. E. B. 2. 1436. II. fy Am. 588.
Bab. 4. 425, 5. 427. N. 249. -8. F. 27.

A. Adiantum-nigrum. Black Spleenwort. Fig. 1741.

Fronds triangular-ovate, 2-3-pinnate, pinnae triangular. Sori long,
near tlie mid-vein. Walls and hedge-banks. 3-12 in. Perenn. June—
Sept. E. B. 1. 1950. E. B. 2. 1437. H.fyArn. 589. Bab. 4.426,
5.427. N. 225. 5,.f’.28.

A. Trichomanes. Common Wall Spleenwort. Fig. 1742.

Fronds linear, pinnate ; pinnae roundish-oblong, crenate. Rachis
purplish-black. Rocks and walls. 2-1 2 in. Perenn. May-October.

E. B. 1. 576. E. B. 2. 1432. II. Am. 588. Bab. 4. 426, 5. 427.
JV. 285. S. F. 30.

A. vi ride. Green Spleenwort. Fig. 1743.

Fronds linear, pinnate; pinnae roundish-ovate, crenate, stalked.
Rachis green. Moist rocky places. 2-12 in. Perenn. June-October.
E. B.l. 2257. E.B. 2.1433. H.&Arn. 588. Bab. 4. 426, 5. 427.
JV. 281. /S'. JF. 31.

A. marinum. Sea Spleenwort. Fig. 1744.

Fronds linear, pinnate ; pinnae stalked, unequally wedge-shaped at
the base. Rocks near the sea. 1-24 in. Perenn. June-Oct. E. B.l.
392. E. B. 2. 1434. H. Am. 588. Bab. 4.426, 5.428. JV. 275.

F. 29.

A. Ruta-muraria. Wall Rue. Fig. 1745.

Fronds bipinnate ; pinnules rhomboid-wedge-shaped, notched or
toothed. Indusium jagged. Old walls. 3-4 in. Perenn. May-Sept.
E.B. 1. 150. E.B. 2.1435. H. fy Am. 588. Bab. 4.426, 5.428.
N. 261. S.F. 32.

A. germanicum. Alternate-leaved Spleenwort. Fig. 1743.

Fronds pinnate ; pinnae alternate, wedge-shaped. Indusium entire.
Rocks; rare. 3-4 in. Perenn. June-Sept. 2?. B. 1. 2258. E.B. 2.
1430. H. fy Am. 588. Bab. 4. 426, 5. 428. JV. 265. S. F. 33.

A. septentrionale. Forked Spleenwort. Fig. 1747.

Fronds 2-3-cleft ; segments long, 2-3-toothed. Rocks; rare. 2-4 in.
Perenn. June-Oct. E.B. 1. 1017. E.B. 2.1431. H. ^ Am. 588.
Bab. 4. 426, 5. 428. N. 269. S. F. 34.

Genus 9. Scolopendrium.

S. vulgare. Common Hart' s-tongue. Fig. 1748.

Fronds linear, strap-shaped, cordate at the base. Stipe shaggy.
Shady damp places. 6 in.-3 feet. Perenn. July, Aug. E.B. 1.
1150. E.B. 2.1440. H. Am. 590. Bab. 4. 427, 5. 428. JV. 289.
8. F. 35.

Genus 10. Ceterach.

C. officinarum. Scaly Spleenwort. Fig. 1749.

Fronds pinnatifid, covered beneath with dense scales. Old walls and
ruins. 2-8 in. Perenn. April-Oct. E.B. 1.1244. E. B. 2. 1408.
II. Am. 580. Bab. 4. 42 7, 5. 428. JV. 2 77. S. F. 36.

Genus 11. Gymnogramme.

G. leptophylla. Slender Gymnogramme. Fig. 1750.

Fronds ovate, bipinnate, fragile; pinnae wedge-shaped, obtuse. Banks.

Jersey. 2-6 in. Ann. April. H.fy Am. 580. Bab. 4. 427, 5. 428.
JV. 11. S.F. 48.

17G

Tribe 4. Adianteje. — Genus 12. Blechnum.

B. boreale. Hard Fern. Fig. 1751.

Fertile fronds pinnate ; pinnae linear, acute. Barren fronds pec¬
tinate, pinnatifid ; pinnae broadly linear. Woods. G in.-2 ft. Perenn.
July. E.B. 1. 1159. E.B. 2.1441. II.fyArn. 590. Bab. 4. 427,

5.429. Ah 17. S.F.37.

Genus 13. Pteris.

P. aquilina. Common Brake. Fig. 1752.

Fronds tripartite ; branches bipinnate ; segments oblong, obtuse.
Heaths and moors. 6in.-8ft. Perenn. July. E. B. 1. 1G79. E.B. 2.
1442. H.fyArn. 590. Bab. 4.427,5.429. N. 23. S. F. 38.
Genus 14. Adiantum.

A. Capillus-Yeneris. Maiden-hair. Fig. 1753.

Frond irregular; pinnules roundish-wedge-shaped, lobed. Sea-caves

and rocks. 3-12 in. Perenn. May-Sept. E. B. 1.1564. E.B. 2.
1444. H. Am. 591. Bab. 4.428,5.429. Ah 1. S.F. 40.

Tribe 5. Hymenophyllea — Genus 15. Trichomanes.

T. radicans. Bristle Fern. Fig. 1754.

Fronds 3-4 times pinnatifid, glabrous. Involucres solitary, in the
axils of the upper segments. Dripping rocks, Ireland. 3-12 in.
Perenn. Sept., Oct. E.B.\.\4\7. E.B.2.\44b. H. Am. 591.
Bab. 4. 428, 5. 429. Ah 283. S.F. 41.

Genus 16. Hymenophyllum.

H. Tunbridgense. Filmy Fern. Fig. 1755.

Fronds pinnate, membranaceous ; pinnae distichous. Involucre
solitary, compressed, spinosely serrate. Damp moss. 1-4 in. Perenn.
Aug. E.B. 1. 162. E.B. 2.1446. H.fy Am. 592. Bab. 4. 428,

5.430. N.297. S.F. 42.

H. Wilsoni. Scottish Filmy Fern. Fig. 1756.

Fronds pinnate ; pinnae recurved. Involucre stalked, inflated, entire.
Damp moss. 1-4 in. Perenn. Aug. E. B. S. 2686. E.B. 2. 1447.
H. \ Am. 592. Bab. 4. 428, 5. 430. N. 301. S.F. 43.

Suborder 2. Osmundacejs.

Tribe 6. Osmundeje. — Genus 17. Osmunda.

O. regalis. Flowering Fern. Fig. 1757.

Fronds bipinnate; pinnules oblong. Fructification in panicles, ter¬
minal. Margins of rivers and lakes. 1-1 lft. E.B. 1.209. E.B. 2.
1448. H. fy Am. 593. Bab. 4.429,5.430. Ah 307. S.F. 44.

Suborder 3. Opiuoglossace,®.

Tribe 7. Ophioglosseje. — Genus 18. Botrychium.

B. Lunaria. Moonwort. Fig. 1758.

Frond pinnate ; pinnae fan-shaped, notched. Commons and pastures.

3-G in. Perenn. Aug. E. B. 1. 318. E. B. 2. 1449. H. fy Am.
594. Bab. 4. 429,5.430. Ah 313. S.F. 45.

Genus 19. Ophioglossum.

O. vulgattjm. Common Adder' s-tonyue. Fig. 1759.

Frond ovate, blunt. Spike club-shaped. Meadows. 2-12 in. Perenn.
May, June. AM?. 1.108. E.B. 2.1450. H. Am. 593. Bab. 4.

429.5.430. Ah 325. S.F. 46.

O. lusitanicum. Lesser Adder' s-tonyue. Fig. 1760.

Frond linear-lanceolate. Guernsey. 1-2 in. Perenn. Jan. Bab. 4.

429.5.431. Ah 331. S.F. 47.

177

Order CIX. MARSILEACEjE.

Genus 1. Pilularia.

P. GLOBULIFERA. Pillwort. Fig* 1761.

Rhizome creeping, slender, producing leaves and roots at regular in¬
tervals. Margins of lakes. 1-5 in. Perenn. May. E. B. 1.521.
J5T. 2?. 2. 1458. H.fyArn.596. Bab. 4. 430, 5.431. S. 14.

Order CX. LY COPODI ACEiE.

Genus 1. Isoetes.

I. lacustris. Quillwort. F\£* 1^62.

No persistent leaf-bases ; larger spores bluntly tubercled. Aquatic.
Bottom of lakes. 2-6 in. Perenn. July. E.B. 1. 1084. E.B. 2.
1457. H.fyArn.596. Bab. 4.430,5.432. S. 13.

I echinospora. Fig. 1763>

No persistent leaf-bases ; larger spores very acutely tubercled. Aquatic
(Bab.). Bottom of pools. 1-4 in. Perenn. July. Bab. 5.4.32.

I. Hystrix. K* 1764>

Rhizome more or less covered by the persistent hardened leaf-bases.
Terrestrial (Bab.). Dampish sandy places. 1-2 in. Perenn. May,
June. Bab. 5. 432.

Genus 2. Lycopodium.

L. clavatum. Common Club-moss. 1765.

Stem creeping, long ; leaves scattered, incurved ; spikes 2-3, s_tal£ed.
Heaths and high pastures. Perenn. July, Aug. E.B. 1. 224. E. B. 2.

1451. H.fyArn.595. Bab. 4.430, 5.432. S. 15.

L. annotinum. Interrupted Club-moss. F^>‘ 1766.

Stem creeping, long ; leaves spreading; spikes sessile, solitary, ter¬
minal. Stony mountains. Perenn. Aug. E.B. 1.172,7. E.B.~.

1452. H. fy Am. 595. Bab. 4. 430, 5. 432. S. 16.

L. alpinum. Savin-leaved Club-moss. . _ F^>* 4767.

Stem creeping; leaves in four rows, imbricated; spikes sessile,
terminal. High moorlands and mountains. 2-5 in. Fere“n*

E.B. 1.234. 2?. 2?. 2. 1455. H.fy Am. 595. Bab. 4. 431, 5. 432.

S. 1 7.

L. Selago. Fir Club-moss. F*f* 1768.

Stem short, erect ; leaves obscurely 8-rowed. Barren sandy heaths.
2-9 in. Perenn. June-Aug. E.B. 1.233. E.B. 2. 14o6. H.^Arn.
595. Bab. 4. 431, 5. 433. S. 18.

L. inundatum. Marsh Club-moss. F^>* 4.760*

Stem creeping ; leaves scattered, curved upwards ; spikes terminal,
sessile. Moist boggy heaths. 1-3 in. Perenn. Aug., Sepi.

239. E.B. 2.1453. H. fy Am. 595. Bab. 4.431,5.433. S. 19.

L. selaginoides. Lesser Alpine Club-moss. . Fig. 1770.

Stem creeping, branched ; spikes solitary, sessile, terminal. Boggy
ground. 2-4 in. Perenn. Aug. E. B. 1. 1 148. E.B. 2. 14o4.
H. Am. 595. Bab. 4. 431, 5. 433. S. 20.

Z x

178

Order CXI. ClIARACEiE.

Genus 1. Chara.

C. flexilis. Flaccid Nitella. Fig. 1771.

Monoecious. Stern slender ; branchlets pointed, nearly equally forked.
Ditches. 6-9 in. Perenn. May. E. B. 1. 1070. E. £.2.1408.
Bab. 4. 433, 5. 434. £.21.

C. syncarpa. Twin-fruited Nitella. Fig. 1772.

Dioecious. Stems slender, smooth ; branchlets bluntish, nearly
equally forked. Stagnant waters. 6-12 in. Ann. June. Bab. 4.432,
5. 434. £. 22.

C. translucens. Translucent Nitella. Fig. 1773.

Monoecious. Stem thick, transparent. Sterile branchlets simple.
Deep pools. 6-9 in. Ann. July. E.B. 1.1855. E. 3. 2.1467.
Bab. 4.432,5.434. S. 23.

C. gracilis. Slender Nitella. Fig. 1774.

Monoecious. Stem slender, flexible, transparent ; branchlets in lax
whorls. St. Leonard’s Forest, Sussex. 3-6 in. Ann. Sept. E.B.\.
2140. E.B. 2. 1470. Bab. 4.433, 5.434. £.24.

C. Smithii. Smith's Nitella. Fig. 1775.

Dioecious. Stem slender, equal, transparent; branchlets blunt, pri¬
mary whorls simple. Lancing, Sussex. 3-6 in. Ann. Sept. E.B. 1.
1703. E.B. 2.1469. Bab. 4. 433, 5. 435. £.25.

C. prolifera. Proliferous Nitella. Fig. 1776.

Monoecious. Stem slender ; branchlets blunt, primary whorls simple.
Ditches. 3-6 in. Ann. April. Bab. 4.433, 5.435. £.26.

C. vulgaris. Common Chara. Fig. 1777.

Monoecious. Stem rough, finely striate. Ditches and streams.
6-9 in. Ann. June-Aug. E. B. 1. 336. E.B. 2. 1471. Bab. 4.

435, 5. 436. S. 27.

C. hispida. Bristly Chara. Fig. 1778.

Monoecious. Stem thickened upwards, striated, spinulose. Ditches.
6-9 in. Ann. May-Aug. E.B. 1.436. E.B. 2.1475. Bab. 4.

435, 5. 436. £. 28.

C. aspera. Rouyh Chara. Fig. 1779.

Dioecious. Stem smooth, flexible, with setaceous patent spines.
Bog-pits. 1-2 ft. Ann. Aug. E.B.S.2738. E.B. 2. 1474. Bab. 4.
435, 5. 436. £. 29.

C. fragilis. Fragile Chara. Fig. 1780.

Monoecious. Stem slender, smooth, finely striate, not spinous.
Stagnant water. 6-9 in. Ann. June-Aug. E.B.S-2762. E.B. 2.
1472. Bab. 4. 435, 5. 436. £.30.

• // /// A S7&0

1762S

JH S. Sculpt

179

INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.

Acer, 26.

Aceraceae, 26.
Aceras, 124.
Aehillaea, 76.

Acinos, 98.
Aconitum, 4.

Acorus, 135.

Actaea, 4.
Actinocarpus, 134.
Adianteae, 176.
Adiantum, 176.
Adonis, 1.

Adoxa, 58.
iEgopodium, 53.
iEthusa, 65.
Agrimonia, 40.
Agrostemma, 19.
Agrostis, 150.

Aira, 151.

Ajiiga, 95.
Alchemilla, 40, 163.
Alisma, 134.
Alismaceae, 134.
Allium, 129, 167.
Alnus, 113.
Alopecurus, 148.
Alsine, 162.

Althaea, 24.
Alyssum, 10.
Amaranthaceae, 102.
Amaranthus, 102.
Amaryllidaceae, 127.
Amentiferae, 167.
Ammophila, 148.
Anacharis, 122.
Anagallis, 101.
Anchusa, 85.
Andromeda, 80.
Anemone, 1.
Angelica, 55.
Antennaria, 71.
Anthemis, 75.
Anthericum, 130.
Anthoxanthum, 147.
Anthriscus, 57.
Anthyllis, 29.
Antirrhinum, 91.
Apargia, 65.

Apera, 170.

Apium, 52.
Apocynacece, 81.

Aquifoliaceae, 81.
Aquilegia, 4.

Arabia, 10.

Araceae, 135, 168.
Araliaceae, 58.
Arbutus, 80.
Arctium, 68, 165.
Arctostaphylos, 80.
Arenaria, 21, 162.
Aristolochia, 108.
Aristolochiaceae, 108.
Armeria, 101, 166.
Arrhenatherum, 152.
Artemisia, 70.

Arum, 135, 168.
Arundo, 158.
Asarum, 109.
Asparagaceae, 167.
Asparagus, 128.
Asperugo, 86.
Asperula, 61.
Aspidieae, 172.
Asplenieae, 174.
Asplenium, 174.
Aster, 73.

Astragalus, 33.
Astrantia, 164.
Athyrium, 174.
Atriplex, 104, 167.
Atropa, 86.

Avena, 157.

Azalea, 80.

Ballota, 95.
Balsaminaceae, 28.
Barbarea, 11.

Bartsia, 89.

Beilis, 74.
Berberidaceoe, 4.
Berberis, 4.

Beta, 102.

Betonica, 97.

Betula, 112.
Betulaceae, 112.
Bidens, 70.
Blechnum, 176.
Boraginaceae, 83.
Borago, 86.
Borkliausia, 67.
Botrychium, 176.
Brachypodium, 160.

Brassica, 13.

Briza, 154.

Bromus, 156.
Bryonia, 46.

Buffonia, 19.
Bunium, 53.
Bupleurum, 54.
Butomaceae, 134.
Butomus, 134.
Buxus, 111.

Cakile, 7.

Calamagrostis, 150.
Calamintha, 98, 166.
Callitricliaceae, 111.
Callitriche, 111.
Calluna, 79.

Caltha, 3.

Camelina, 9.
Campanula, 77.
Campanulaccae, 77.
Caprifoliaceae, 59.
Capsella, 7.
Cardamine, 10, 161.
Carduus, 68.

Carex, 141, 169.
Carlina, 70.

Carpinus, 121.
Carum, 53.
Caryophyllaceae, 17,
162.

Castanea, 121.
Catabrosa, 150.
Caucalis, 56.
Celastraceae, 28.
Centaurea, 76.
Centranthus, 62.
Centunculus, 101.
Cerastium, 22, 162.
Ceratophyllaceae, 111.
Ceratophyllum, 111.
Ceterach, 175.
Chaerophyllum, 57.
Chara, 178.

Characeae, 178.
Cheiranthus, 12.
Chelidonium, 6.
Chenopodiaceac, 102,
167.

Chenopodium, 102.
Cherleria, 23.

2 B

ISO

INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.

Chlora, 82.
Chrysanthemum, 75.
Chrysocoma, 70.
Chrysosplenium, 51.
Cicendia, 165.
Cichorium, 68.

Cicuta, 52.

Cineraria, 74.

Circaea, 45.

Cistaceae, 14.

Cladium, 138.
Clematis, 1.
Clinopodium, 98.
Cnicus, 69.

Cochlearia, 8.
Colchicum, 131.
Comarum, 39.
Compositae, 63, 165.
Coniferae, 121.
Conium, 58.
Convallaria, 128.

Con v olvul aceac, 83, 1 66.
Convolyulus, 83.
Conyza, 72.
Corallorhiza, 126.
Coriandrum, 58.
Cornaceae, 58.

Cornua, 58.
Coronopus, 7.
Corrigiola, 46.
Corydalis, 6.

Corylus, 121.
Cotoneaster, 43.
Cotyledon, 47.

Crambe, 7.
Crassulaceae, 47.
Crataegus, 43.

Crepis, 67, 165.
Crithmum, 55.

Crocus, 127.
Cruciferae, 7, 161.
Cryptogramme, 172.
Cucubalus, 18.
Cucurbitacese, 46.
Cupuliferae, 121.
Cuscuta, 83, 166.
Cyclamen, 100.
Cynodon, 160.
Cynoglossum, 86.
Cynosurus, 155.
Cyperaceae, 138, 169.
Cyperua, 138.
Cypripedium, 126.
Cystopteris, 174.
Cytisus, 29.

Dactylis, 154.

Daphne, 108.

Datura, 86.

Daucus, 56.
Delphinium, 4.
Dentaria, 10.
Dianthus, 17, 162.

Digitalis, 91.

Digit aria, 160.
Dioscoreaceae, 122.
Diotis, 70.

Dipsaccae, 62.
Dipsaeus, 62.
Doronieum, 74.

Draba, 9.

Drosera, 16.
Droseraeeae, 16.

Dryas, 37.

Echinophora, 58.
Echium, 83.
Elaeagnaceae, 112.
Elatine, 17.

Eleoeharis, 139.
Eleogiton, 139.
Elymus, 158.

Elyna, 141.
Empetraceae, 109.
Empetrum, 109.
Epilobium, 44, 164.
Epimedium, 4.
Epipactis, 125, 167.
Epipogium, 167.
Equisetaeeae, 171.
Equisetum, 171.

Erica, 79, 165.
Ericaceae, 79, 165.
Erigeron, 72.
Eriocaulon, 131.
Eriophorum, 140, 169.
Erodium, 27.

Ervum, 34.

Eryngium, 52.
Erysimum, 12.
Erythraea, 81.
Euonymus, 28.
Eupatorium, 70.
Euphorbia, 109, 167.
Euphorbiaceae, 109,
167.

Euphrasia, 90.
Exacum, 81, 165.

Fagus, 121.

Fedia, 62.

Festuca, 155.

Filago, 165.

Filices, 172.
Eceniculum, 55.
Fragaria, 38.
Frankenia, 17.
Frankeniaceae, 17.
Fraxinus, 81.
FritiUaria, 130.
Fumaria, 6, 10 1.
Fumariaccae, 6, 161.

Gagea, 130.

Galnnthus, 128.
Guleobdolon, 96.

Galeopsia, 96.

Galium, 60, 165.
Gastridium, 149.
Genista, 29.

Gentiana, 82.
Gentianaceae, 81, 165.
Geraniaceae, 26.
Geranium, 26.

Gcum, 37.

Gladiolus, 168.
Glaucium, 6.

Glaux, 100.

Glcchoma, 97.
Glyceria, 170.
Gnaphalium, 71.
Goodyera, 125.
Gramineae, 147, 170.
Grossulariaeeae, 49.
Gymnadenia, 123.
Gymnogramme, 175.

Habenaria, 123.
Haloragaceae, 45.
Hedera, 58.
Helianthemum, 14.
Helleborus, 4.
Helminthia, 63.
Helosciadium, 52.
Heracleum, 56.
Herminium, 124.
Hemiaria, 47.
Hesperis, 13.
Hieracium, 65, 165.
Hierochloe, 152.
Ilippocrepis, 33.
Hippophae, 112.
Hippuris, 45.

Holcus, 151.
Holosteum, 20.
Hordeum, 158.
Hottonia, 99.
Humulus, 112.
Hutchinsia, 8.
Hyacinthus, 128.
Hydrocharidaceae, 122.
Hydrocharis, 122.
Hydrocotyle, 51.
Hymenophylleae, 176.
Hymenophyllum, 176.
Hyoscyamus, 86.
Hypericaceae, 24, 162.
Hypericum, 24, 162.
Hypochceris, 67.

Iberis, 8.

Ilex, 81.

Tllecebraceae, 46.
Illecebrum, 47.
Impatiens, 28.

Inula, 74.

Iridaceae, 126, 168.
Iris, 126.

Isatis, 7.

INDEX OP LATIN NAMES.

1S1

Isnardia, 45.

Isoetes, 177.

Jasione, 78.
Juncaeeae, 131, 168.

J uncaginacese, 134.

J uncus, 131, 168.
Juniperus, 121.

Knappia, 160.
Koeleria, 152.

Koniga, 10.

Labia toe, 93, 166.
Lactuca, 64.

Lagurus, 149.
Lamium, 96, 166.
Lapsana, 68.

Lastrea, 172.
Lathroea, 87.
Lathyrus, 35.
Lavatera, 24.

Leersia, 170.
Leguminosffl, 28, 163.
Lemna, 135.
Lentibulariaceoe, 99.
Leontodon, 64.
Leonurus, 96.
Lepidium, 8.
Lepturus, 160.
Leucojum, 128.
Ligusticum, 55.
Ligustrum, 81.
Liliacece, 128, 167.
Lilium, 130, 168.
Limbarda, 74.
Limosella, 92.
Linacese, 23.

Linaria, 91.

Linnaea, 59.

Linum, 23.

Liparis, 126.

Listera, 125.
Litbospermura, 84.
Littorella, 102.
Lobelia, 78.
Lobeliaceaj, 78.
Lolium, 160, 170.
Lonicera, 59.
Loranthacese, 59.
Lotus, 32.

Luzula, 133, 168.
Lychnis, 19.
Lycopodiacese, 177.
Lycopodium, 177.
Lycopsis, 85.

Lycopus, 93.
Lysimacliia, 100, 166.
Lythracese, 46.
Lythrum, 46.

Maianthemum, 167
Malaxis, 123.

Malva, 24, 162.
Malvaceae, 24, 162.
Marrubium, 98.
Marsileacese, 177.
Matricaria, 75.
Matthiola, 12.
Meconopsis, 5.
Medicago, 29, 163.
Melampyrum, 90.
Melanthaceac, 131.
Melica, 151.
Melilotus, 30, 163.
Melittis, 98.

Mentha, 93.
Menyanthes, 82.
Menziesia, 79.
Mercurialis, 109.
Mespilus, 43.

Meum, 55.

Milium, 149.
Moenchia, 20.
Monotropa, 81.
Monotropacese, 81.
Montia, 46.

Muscari, 128.
Myosotis, 84.
Myosurus, 2.

Myrica, 112.
Myricacese, 112.
Myriophyllum, 46.
Myrrlus, 58.

Naiadacese, 136, 169.
Naias, 169.

Narcissus, 127.
Nardus, 147.
Nartliecium, 131.
Nasturtium, 11.
Neottia, 125, 167.
Nepeta, 97.

Nuphar, 5.

Nymphsea, 5.
Nymphseaceae, 5.

(Enanthe, 54, 164.
(Enothera, 45.
Oleaccae, 81.
Onagracete, 44, 164.
Onobrychis, 33.
Ononis, 29.
Onopordum, 69.
Ophioglossacese, 176.
Ophioglossum, 176.
Ophrys, 124.
Orchidacese, 122, 167.
Orchis, 122, 167.
Origanum, 95.
Ornithogalum, 130.
Ornithopus, 33.
Orobanchaceee, 86, 166.
Orobanche, 86, 166.
Orobus, 35.
Orontiacese, 135.

Osmunda, 176.
Osmundaceaj, 176.
Oxalidaceae, 28.
Oxalis, 28.
Oxycoccus, 79.
Oxyria, 108.
Oxytropis, 32.

Pseonia, 4.

Panicum, 152.
Papaver, 5.
Papaveraceoe, 5.
Parietaria, 112.

Paris, 122.

Parnassia, 26.
Pastinaca, 56.
Pedicularis, 90.
Peplis, 46.

Petasites, 72.
Petroselinum, 52.
Peucedanum, 55.
rhalaris, 148.
Phleum, 148.
Physospermum, C3.
Phyteuma, 78.

Picris, 63.

Pilularia, 177.
Pimpinella, 53.
Pinguicula, 99.

Piuus, 121.

Pistiacese, 135.

Pisum, 35.
Plantaginaccse, 102.
Plantago, 102.
Plumbaginaceoe, 101,
166.

Poa, 152, 170.
Polemoniacea', 83.
Polemonium, 83.

Poly car pon, 47.
Polygala, 16.
Polygalaceaj, 16.
Polygonacese, 103.
Polygonum, 105.
Polypodiaceae, 173.
Polypodium, 172.
Polypogon, 149.
Polystichum, 173.
Populus, 120.
Portulaceae, 46.
Potamogeton, 136, 1 69.
Patamogetonaceae, 169.
Potentilla, 39.
Poterium, 41, 164.
Prenanthes, 64.
Primula, 99.
Primulacese, 99, 166.
Prunella, 98.

Prunus, 36.

Pteris, 176.

Pulicaria, 74.
Pulmonaria, 84.

Py retlirum, 75.

1S2

Pyrola, 80.

Pyrolacese, 80.

Pyrua, 43.

Quercus, 121.

Kadiola, 23.
Ranunculaceas, 1, 161.
Ranunculus, 2, 161.
Rapbanus, 14.

Reseda, 14.

Resedacea?, 14.
Restiacese, 131.
Rhamnace®, 28.
Rhamnu3, 28.
Rhinanthus, 00.
Rhodiola, 47.
Rhynchospora, 139.
Ribes, 49.

Rosa, 41.

Rosace®, 36, 163.
Rubia, 59.

Rubiace®, 59, 165.
Rubus, 37, 163.
Rumex, 107.

Ruppia, 138.

Ruscus, 128.

Sagina, 19.

Sagittaria, 134.
Salicace®, 113, 167.
Salicornia, 105.

Salix, 113, 167.
Salsola, 105.

Salvia, 93.

Sambucus, 59.
Samolus, 101.
Sanguisorba, 41.
Sanicula, 52.
Santalace®, 108.
Saponaria, 17.
Saussurea, 68.
Saxifraga, 49, 164.
Saxifragaccae, 49, 164.
Scabiosa, 63.

Scandix, 57.
Sekeuchzeria, 135.
Schoenus, 138.

Scilla, 129.

Scirpus, 139.
Seleranthace®, 105.
Scleranthus, 105.
Scolopendrium, 175.
Scrophularia, 91, 166.
Scrophulariaee®, 87,
166.

INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.

Scutellaria, 98.

Sedum, 48.
Serapervivum, 47.
Senecio, 72.

Scrratula, 68.

Seseli, 55.

Sesleria, 152.

Setaria, 152.

Sherardia, 61.
Sibbaldia, 40.
Sibthorpia, 92.

Silaus, 55.

Silene, 18.

Silybum, 69.

Simethis, 168.

Sinapis, 13.

Sison, 53.

Sisymbrium, 12.
Sisyrincbium, 168.
Sium, 53.

Smymium, 58.
Solanace®, 86.
Solanum, 86.

Solidago, 74.

Sonclius, 63.
Sparganium, 135.
Spartina, 160.
Spergula, 20.

Spiraea, 36.

Spiranthes, 167.
Stachys, 97.

Staphylea, 28.
Staphyleace®, 28.
Statice, 101, 166.
Stellaria, 20.

Stipa, 149.

Stratiotes, 122.
Subularia, 9.

Swertia, 83.
Symphytum, 85.

Tamaricaccro, 46.
Tamarix, 46.

Tamus, 122.
Tanacetum, 70.

Taxus, 122.

Teesdalia, 8.
Teucrium, 95, 166.
Thalictrum, 1.
Thesium, 108.
Tldaspi, 7.

Thrincia, 65.
Tliymclaccao, 108.
Thymus, 95, 166.
Tilia, 24.

Tiliace®, 24.

Till® a, 47.

Tofieldia, 131.
Tordyhum, 56.
Torilis, 57.
Tormentilla, 40.
Tragopogon, 63, 165.
Trickomanes, 176.
Trichonema, 127.
Trientalis, 100.
Trifolium, 30, 163.
Triglochin, 134.
Trilliace®, 122.
Trinia, 52.

Triodia, 154.
Triticum, 160, 170.
Trollius, 4.

Tuhpa, 130.

Turritis, 11.
Tussilago, 72.

Typha, 135.
Typkace®, 135.

Ulex, 28, 163.
Ulmace®, 112.
Ulmus, 112.
Umbelliferre, 51, 164.
Urtica, 111.
Urticacero, 111.
Utricularia, 99.

Vacciniace®, 78.
Vaccinium, 78.
Valeriana, 62.
Valerianacc®, 62.
Vella, 7.

Verbascum, 92.
Verbena, 99.
Verbenace®, 99.
Veronica, 87.
Viburnum, 59.

Vicia, 33, 163.
Villarsia, 83.

Vinca, 81.

Viola, 15, 162.
Violace®, 15, 162.
Viscum, 59.

Woodsia, 172.

Xanthimn, 77.

Zannichellia, 138.
Zostera, 138, 169.

183

INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES.

Adder’s-tongue, 176.
Agrimony, 40.

Alder, 113.

Alexanders, 58.

Alkanet, 85.

All-seed, 23, 47.
Alyssum, 10.

Amaranth, 102.
Anemone, 1.

Angelica, 55.

Apple, 44.

Arrow-grass, 134.
Arrow-head, 134.
Asarabacca, 109.

Ash, 81.

Asparagus, 128.

Aspen, 121.

Asphodel, 131.

Aster, 73.

Avens, 37.

Awl-wort, 9.

Balm, 98.

Balsam, 28.

Bane-berry, 4.
Barberry, 4.

Barley, 158.

Barren Strawberry, 40.
Barren -wort, 4.

Basil, 98.

Basil Thyme, 98.

Beak -rush, 139.
Bear-berry, 80.
Beard-grass, 149.
Bed-straw, 60, 165.
Beech, 121.

Bee-nettle, 96.

Beet, 102.

Bell-flower, 77.
Bent-grass, 150.
Berry-bearing Chick-
weed, 18.

Betony, 97.

Bilberry, 78.
Bind-weed, 83.

Birch, 112.
Bird-cherry, 36.
Bird’s-foot Trefoil, 32.
Bird’s-nest, 56, 125.
Bird’s-nest, yellow, 81.
Bird’s-tongue, 73.

Birthwort, 108.

Bistort, 105.
Bitter-cress, 10, 161.
Bitter-sweet, 86.

Bitter- vetch, 35.

Black Horehound, 95.
Black-thorn, 36.

Bladder Campion, 18.
Bladder Fern, 174.
Bladder-nut, 28.
Bladder-seed, 58.
Bladder-wort, 99.
Blue-bell, 77.
Blue-bottle, 76.

Bog Asphodel, 131.
Bog-bean, 82.

Bog Orchis, 126.
Bog-rush, 138.

Borage, 85.

Box, 111.

Brake, 176.

Bramble, 37, 163.
Bristle Fern, 176.
Brome-grass, 156, 159.
Brook-lime, 88.
Brook-weed, 101.
Broom, 29.
Broom-rape, 86, 166.
Bryony, 46.

Bryony, black, 122.
Buck-thorn, 28.
Buck-wheat, 105.
Bugle, 95.

Bugloss, 85.

Bullace, 36.

Bull-rush, 135, 139.
Burdock, 6S, 165.

Bur Marigold, 70.
Burnet, 41.

Burnet Saxifrage, 53.
Bur Parsley, 56.
Bur-reed, 135.
Bur-weed, 77.
Butcher’s Broom, 128.
Butter-and-eggs, 92.
Butter-bur, 72.
Buttercup, 3.
Butter-wort, 99.

Cabbage, 13.

Calammt, 98, 166.

CalPs-snout, 91.
Campion, 18.
Canary-grass, 148.
Candy-tuft, 8.

Caraway, 53.

Carnation, 17.

Carrot, 56.

Catchfly, 18.

Cat-mint, 97.

Cat’s-ear, 67.

Cat’s-foot, 71.

Cat’s-tail, 135.
Cat’s-tail-grass, 148.
Celandine, 6.

Celandine, small, 2.
Celery, 52.

Centaury, 81.
Chafl'weed, 101.
Chamomile, 75.

Chara, 178.

Charlock, 13.

Cherry, 36.

Chervil, 57.

Chestnut, 121.
Chickweed, 20, 23, 162.
Chickweed Winter-
green, 100.

Chicory, 68.

Chives, 129, 168.
Cicely, 58.

Cinquefoil, 39.

Clary, 93.

Cleavers, 61.
Close-reed, 150.
Cloudberry, 38.

Clove, 17.

Clover, 30.

Club-moss, 177.
Club-rush, 139.
Cock’s-foot-grass, 154.
Colt’s-foot, 72.
Columbine, 4.
Comfrey, 85.
Coral-root, 10, 126.
Cord-grass, 160.
Coriander, 58.
Cornel-tree, 58.

Corn Cockle, 19.
Corn-flower, 76.

Com Marigold, 75.
Corn Salad, 62.

184

INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES,

Cotton-grass, 140, 169.
Cotton-thistle, 69.
Cotton-weed, 70.
Couch-grass, 159.
Cowberry, 79.

Cow Parsley, 57.

Cow Parsnip, 56.
Cowslip, 100.
Cow-wheat, 90.

Crab, 44.

Crake-berry, 109.
Cranberry, 79.
Crane’s-bill, 26.

Cress Rocket, 7.
Crested Fern, 173.
Crested Hair-grass,
152. .

Crocus, 127.
Cross-wort, 50.
Crow-berry, 109.
Crowfoot, 2, 161.
Cuckoo-flower, 19.
Cuckoo-pint, 135.
Cudweed, 71, 165.
Currant, 49.

Cut-grass, 170.

Cyphel, 23.

Daffodil, 127.

Daisy, 74.

Dame’s Violet, 13.
Dandelion, 64.
Danewort, 59.

Darnel, 159.
Dead-nettle, 96, 166.
DeadlyNightshade, 86.
Devil’s -bit, 63.
Dewberry, 38.

Dock, 107.

Dodder, 83, 166.

Dog Rose, 42.

Dog Violet, 162.
Dog’s-tail-grass, 155.
Dog’s-tooth-grass, 160.
Dog-wood, 58.
Dove’s-foot, 27.
Drop-wort, 36, 164.
Duck-weed, 135.

Dwalo, 86.

Earth-nut, 53.

Elder, 59.

Elecampane, 74.

Elm, 112.

Enchanter’s Niglit-
snade, 45.

Eryngo, 50.

Evening Primrose, 45.
Everlasting, 71.
Everlasting Pea, 35.
Eye-bright, 90.

Feather-grass, 149.

Felwort, 83.

Fennel, 55. *

Fern, 172.
Fescue-grass, 155.
Fever-few, 75.

Field Madder, 61.
Figwort, 91, 166.
Filmy Fern, 176.
Finger-grass, 160.
Fiorin-grass, 150.

Fir, 121.

Flax, 23.

Flea-bane, 72, 74.
Flea- wort, 74.
Flix-weed, 12.
Flote-grass, 170.
Flowering Fern, 176.
Flowering Rush, 134.
Fluellen, 91.

Fool’s Parsley, 55.
Forget-me-not, 84.

Fox -glove, 91.
Fox-tail-grass, 148.
Fritillary, 130.
Frog-bit, 122.
Fumitory, 6, 161.
Furze, 28, 163.

Gale, 112.

Garlic, 129, 167.
Gentian, 82.
Gentianella, 81.
Germander, 95, 1G6.
Germander Chickweed,
89.

Germander Speedwell,

88.

Gipsy-wort, 93.
Glass-wort, 105.
Globe-flower, 4.
Goat’s-beard, 63, 165.
Gold-of-pleasure, 9.
Golden-rod, 74.

Golden Samphire, 74.
Golden Saxifrage, 51.
Goldilocks, 70.
Gooseberry, 49.
Goosefoot, 102.
Goose-grass, 61.

Goose- weed, 39.

Gorse, 28.

Gout-weed, 53.

Grape Hyacinth, 128.
Grass of Parnassus, 26.
Grass-wrack, 138, 169.
Green-weed, 29.
Gromwcll, 84.

Ground Ivy, 97.
Ground Pine, 95.
Groundsel, 72.

Guelder Rose, 59.

Haii-boll, 77.

Hair-grass, 151.
Hairy-rush, 133.

Hard Fern, 176.
Hare-bell, 128.

Hare’ s-ear, 54.
Hare’s-foot, 31.
Hare’s-tail-grass, 149.
Hart’s-tongue, 175.
Hart-wort, 56.
Hawk-bit, 65.
Hawkweed, 65, 165.
Hawk’s-bcard, 67, 165.
Hawthorn, 43.

Hazel, 121.
Heart’s-ease, 16.
Heath, 79, 165.
Heath-grass, 154.
Hedge Garlic, 12.
Hedge Mustard, 12.
Hedge Parsley, 57.
Hellebore, 4.
Helleborine, 125, 167.
Hemlock, 58.

Hemp Agrimony, 70.
Hemp-nettle, 96.
Henbane, 86.

Herb Christopher, 4.
Herb Paris, 122.

Herb Robert, 27.
Heron’s-bill, 27.

Hog’s Fennel, 55.
Hofly, 81.

Holly Fern, 173.
Holy-grass, 152.
Hone-wort, 52.
Honeysuckle, 59.

Hop, 112.

Horehound, 98.
Hornbeam, 121.
HornedPondweed, 138.
Horned Poppy, 6.
Hornwort, 111.
Horse-radish, 9.
Ilorseshoe-vetch, 33.
Horse-tail, 171.
Hound’s-tongue, 86.
Houseleek, 47.
Hyacinth, 128.

Iris, 126.

Ivy, 58.

Jacob’s Ladder, 83.
Joint-vetch, 33.
Juniper, 121.

Kidney-vetch, 29.
Knapweed, 76.

Knawel, 105.
Knot-grass, 47, 103.

Lady Fern, 174.

Lady’s Mantle, 40, 1C3.

INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES.

185

Lady’s Slipper, 12G.
Lady’s Smock, 10.
Lady’sTrcsses,125,lG7.
Lamb’s Lettuce, G2.
Larkspur, 4.
Leopard’s-bano, 74.
Lettuce, 64.

Lily of the Valley, 128.
Lime, 24.

Linden-tree, 24.

Ling, 79.

London Pride, 50, 164.
London Rocket, 12.
Loosestrife, 46, 100,
166.

Lords-and-Ladies, 135.
Louse-wort, 90.
Lovage, 55.

Lucerne, 29.
Lung-wort, 84.
Lyme-grass, 158.

Madder, 59.

Madwort, 10, 85.
Maiden-hair, 176.

Male Fern, 173.
Mallow, 24, 162.
Maple, 26.

Mare’s-tail, 45.
Marjoram, 95.
Marram, 148.

Marsh Cistus, 80.
Marsh Cinquefoil, 39.
Marsh Fern, 172.
Marsh Mallow, 24.
Marsh Marigold, 3.
Marsh Pennywort, 51.
Marsh-wort, 52.
Master-wort, 56.
Mat-grass, 147.

May, 43.

Meadow-grass, 152,
170.

Meadow Rue, 1.
Meadow Saffron, 131.
Meadow-sweet, 37.
Meal-tree, 59.

Medick, 29, 163.
Medlar, 43.
Melic-grass, 151.
Melilot, 30, 163.
Mercury, 109.
Mezereon, 108.
Mignonette, 14.
Milfoil, 76.
Milk-thistle, 69.
Milk-vetch, 33.
Milk-wort, 16.
Millet-grass, 149.
Mint, 93.

Mistletoe, 59.
Money-wort, 101.
Monk’s-hood, 4.

Moonwort, 176.
Moor-grass, 152.
Moscliatel, 58.
Motherwort, 96.
Mountain Ash, 44.
Mountain Avens, 37.
Moimtain Fern, 173.
Mountain Sorrel, 108.
Mouse-ear, 22.
Mouse-tail, 2.
Mudwort, 62.
Mugwort, 71.

Mullein, 92.

Mustard, 13.

Narcissus, 127.

Nettle, 111.
Nightshade, 86.
Nightshade, Enchant¬
er’s, 45.
Nipplewort, 68.
Nitella, 178.
Nit-grass, 149.
None-so-pretty, 50.

Oak, 121.

Oat, 157.

Oat-grass, 152, 158.
Orache, 104, 167.
Orchis, 122, 1G7.
Orpine, 48.

Osier, 114, 116.
Ox-eye Daisy, 75.
Oxlip, 100.
Ox-tongue, 63.

Pseony, 4.
Painted-cup, 89.
Panick-grass, 152.
Pansy, 16.

Parsley, 52.

Parsnip, 56.
Pasque-flower, 1.

Pea, 35.

Pear, 43.

Pearl-wort, 19.
Pellitory, 112.
Penny-cress, 7.
Penny-royal, 93.
Penny-wort, 47.
Pepper Saxifrage, 55.
Pepper-wort, 8.
Periwinkle, 81.
Persicaria, 105.

Petty Whin, 29.
Pheasant’ s-eye, 1.
Pilewort, 2.

Pillwort, 177.
Pimpernel, 101.

Pine, 121.

Pink, 17, 162.
Pipewort, 131.
Plantain, 102.

Plum, 36.
Plume-tliistlo, 69.
Polypody, 172.
Pond-weed, 136, 169.
Poplar, 120.

Poppy, 5.

Prickly Samphire, 58.
Primrose, 99.

Privet, 81.

Purslane, Sea, 104.
Purslane, Water, 46.

Quaking-grass, 154.
Quill-wort, 177.

Radish, 14.

Ragged Robin, 19.
Rag-wort, 73.
Rampion, 78.
Ramsons, 129, 168.
Rape, 13.

Raspberry, 37, 163.
Red Rattle, 90.

Reed, 158.
Rest-harrow, 29.
Rib-wort, 102.
Rock-brake, 172.
Rock-cress, 10.
Rock-rose, 14.

Rose, 41.

Rose-bay, 44.
Rose-root, 47.
Rowan-tree, 44.
Rupture-wort, 47.
Rush, 131, 168.
Rye-grass, 159, 170.

Saffron, 127.

Saintfoin, 33.

Salad Burnet, 41, 164.
S illow, 117.
Sallow-thorn, 112.
Salsify, 63.

Saltwort, 105,
Samphire, 55.

Sand Rocket, 14.

Sand- wort, 21, 162.
Sanicle, 52.

Saw-wort, 68.
Saxifrage, 49, 164.
Scabious, 63.
Scurvy-gras3, 8.

Sea Heath, 17.

Sea Holly, 52.

Sea Kale, 7.

Sea Lavender, 101,166.
Sea Milkwort, 100.

Sea Pea, 35.

Sea Pimpernel, 21.

Sea Purslane, 101.

Sea Radish, 14.

Sea Reed, 148.

Sea Rocket, 7.

ISO

INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES.

Sea Starwort, 73.
Sedge, 141, 1G9.
Self-heal, 98.
Service-tree, 44.
Shamrock, 28.

Sheep’s Scabious, 78.
Shepherd’s Needle, 57.
Shepherd’s Purse, 7.
Shield Fern, 173.
Shore-weed, 102.
Skull-cap, 98.

Sloe, 36.

Small-reed, 150.

Sm allage, 52.
Snako’s-head Lily, 130.
Snapdragon, 91.
Sneeze-wort, 76.
Snowdrop, 128.
Soap-wort, 17.
Soft-grass, 151.
Solomon’s Seal, 128.
Sorrel, 108.
Southernwood, 70.
Sow-bread, 100.
Sow-thistle, 63.
Spearwort, 2.
Speedwell, 87.
Spider-wort, 130.
Spignel, 55.

Spikenard, 72.
Spike-rush, 139.
Spindle-tree, 28.
Spleenwort, 174.
Spurge, 109, 167.
Spurge Laurel, 108.
Spurrey, 20.

Squill, 129.
Squinaney-wort, 62.

St. J ohn’s-wort, 25,
162.

Star-fruit, 134.

Star of Bethlehem, 130.
Star-thistle, 76.
Star-wort, 20.

Stock, 12.

Stonecrop, 48.
Stone-wort, 53.

Stone Parsley, 55.
Strap-wort, 46.
Strawberry, 38.
Strawberry-tree, 80.

Succory, 63, 68.
Sun-dew, 16.

Sweet Briar, 42.
Sweet Flag, 135.
Swine’ s-cress, 7.
Sword Flag, 168.
Sycamore, 26.

Tamarisk, 46.

Tansy, 70.

Teasel, 62.
Thale-cress, 12.
Thistle, 68.
Thorn-apple, 86.
Thrift, 101, 166.
Thyme, 95, 166.
Tine-tare, 34.
Toad-flax, 92, 108.
Toothwort, 88.
Tormentil, 40.

Tower Mustard, 1 1.
Traveller’s Joy, 1.
Treacle-Mustard, 12.
Tree Mallow, 24.
Trefoil, 30, 163.
Tulip, 130.
Turk’s-cap Lily, 130,
168.

Turnip, 13.

Tutsan, 24, 162.
Tway-blade, 125.
Twig-rush, 138.

Valerian, 62.

Venus’s Comb, 57.
Vernal-grass, 147.
Vervain, 99.

Vetch, 33, 163.
Vetchling, 35.

Violet, 15, 162.
Viper-grass, 83.

Wallflower, 12.

Wall Lettuce, 64.
Wall Pepper, 48.
Wall Rocket, 14.
Wall Rue, 175.
Wart-cress, 7.

Wart- weed, 109.
Water Blinks, 46.
Water Chickweed, 23.

Water Cress, 11.
Water Crowfoot, 2,
161.

Water Drop wort, 51,
164.

Water Fennel, 161.
Water Hemlock, 52.
Water Lily, 5, 83.
Water Milfoil, 46.
Water Parsnip, 53.
Water Plantain, 134.
Water Purslane, 46.
Water Soldier, 122.
Water Starwort, 111.
Water Thyme, 122.
Water Violet, 99.
Water-wort, 17.
Weasel-snout, 96.
Weld, 14.

Wheat-grass, 159, 170.
Whin, 28.

White Beam-tree, 44.
Whitlow-grass, 9.
Whorl-grass, 150.
Whortle-berry, 78.
Wild Spinach, 103.
Willow, 113, 167.
Willow-herb, 44, 164.
Wind-grass, 170.
Winter-green, 80.
Winter-cress, 11.
Woad, 7.

Wood Anemone, 1.
Woodbine, 59.

Wood Pimpernel, 10CK
Wood-reed, 150.
Woodruff, 61.

Wood- rush, 168.
Wood Sage, 95.
Woodsia, 172.

Wood Sorrel, 28.
Worm-seed, 12.
Wormwood, 70.
Wound- wort, 29, 97.

Yarrow, 76.

Yellow Rattle, 90.
Yellow Rocket, 11.
Yellow-wort, 82.

Yew, 122.

THE END.

Printed by Taylob and Fbaxcis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street.

New York Botanical Garden Llbrt

3 5185

00222 4£

N. MANCHESTER,