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TABLE OF CONTENTS

’\ iv % ;y

Officers

Foreword ■

The Music of the Golden-Eye

Charles W. T ownsend, M. D.

The So-called Suicide of Wounded Water Birds

Edward Home Farbush

Game and Shore Birds in Essex County,
Massachusetts, 1 922 John C. Phillips

The Bay-Breasted Warbler on Mt. Monadnock. f
New Hampshire, in Summer Charles L. Whittle

Concerning the Field Identification of the Barrows
Golden -E)

PAGE.

2

3

10

16

23

PAGE

30
40

Arthur P. Stubbs 27

An Annotated List of Birds Observed by the Mem¬
bers of the Essex County Ornithological Club, 1 922

Supplementary List, July 1 to December 31, 1921

The First Year of the New England Bird Banding
Association Laurence B. Fletcher 46

Around the Big Table 53

Calendar of the Essex County Ornithological Club,
1921-22^ . • 63

List of Members of the Essex County Ornithological
Club 66

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BULLETIN

OF THE

Essex County Ornithological Club

OF

Massachusetts

1922

FIFTY CENTS

COPYRIGHT. 1923

BY THE

ESSEX COUNTY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB
OF MASSACHUSETTS

Salem,

Massachusetts

OFFICERS OF THE

ESSEX COUNTY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB

1922

President

Frank W. Benson

-Pi—'* a n

<\JX) C-v ' -v- : •*'

r* cf

o — >

E \

E3
19 17.

<c \

Vice-President
Albert P. Morse

A

Secretary
Ralph Lawson
88 Washington Square
Salem, Massachusetts

Treasurer
S. Gilbert Emilio
156 Hobart Street
Danvers, Massachusetts

Recorder

Arthur P. Stubbs

Council

Walter E. Bates
Fred W. Bushby
Arthur W. Taylor

BULLETIN

OF THE

ESSEX COUNTY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB
OF MASSACHUSETTS

SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS.

ISSUED ANNUALLY.

Charles E. Chase
Walter G. Fanning

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

Arthur P. Stubbs
Eodman A. Nichols
S. G. Emtlio

Albert B. Fowler
Balph Lawson

DECEMBEB, 1922

SALEM, MASS.

VOLUME IV, No. 1

FOREWORD

The past year has been one of accomplishment, possibly
not of all we had planned, but enough to be gratifying.
Enthusiasm and club spirit have not waned, our member¬
ship has continued at the maximum limit, and attendance
at scheduled meetings has been large. The communications
and papers have been of exceptional interest and educa¬
tional value.

The regular club trips have been held successfully, but a
number of special field meetings planned at the beginning
of the year did not materialize. This has been largely due
to business pressure on the bulk of our membership during
the period of industrial readjustment.

Unusual weather conditions interfered with the seasonal
movement of many birds, resulting in comparatively poor
lists of land birds, but seeming to favor the stay with us in
season, and in some cases out of season, of many water
birds.

During the past year the Editor of the Salem Evening
News, a daily paper of wide circulation in the county, re¬
quested us to furnish him, for publication, the lists of birds
reported at each regular meeting, together with items of

3

general interest. This work has been undertaken in an
effort to encourage bird study and possibly increase our
sources of information as to bird movement in our territory.
The response to these articles has been so gratifying that it
is proposed to extend the plan to other papers in the county.

The club check list, originally published in 1921, was
thoroughly revised, brought up to date, and reissued in a
much more practical and attractive form.

In preparing the present Bulletin we have been seriously
confronted with the problem which has apparently beset
the Editors of similar publications from their inception.
This is the question of a standard by which to accept or
reject what may best be termed, unlikely observations.

Study of the policy of our contemporaries and of recent
writings of prominent ornithologists has helped, but has not
resulted in a hard and fast rule by which we may proceed.
The continual inconsistency of finding primal “sight” rec¬
ords in publications having an avowed policy calling for
the bird in hand, does not tend to clarify the situation. In
the last analysis the usual questions seem to be : “Who made
the record?” “Is the bird readily identified from published
descriptions?” or, “Is the observer familiar with the bird?”
rather than, “Was the specimen taken?”

In the particular case of this Bulletin, we are working in
two related but somewhat distinct fields, that of ornitho¬
logical interest and that of statistical record. The first may
allow some flexibility, the second certainly should not.

It is improbable that more than a small fraction of the
unusual happenings are observed, and still fewer, of course,
properly recorded. We shall therefore publish as matters
of interest credible reports which may be unsupported by
sufficient evidence for acceptance as records. In this way
we hope to stimulate observers to be on the alert for strang¬
ers and to report such observations.

In this connection we cannot too strongly urge the making
of full and complete notes at the time. The bird may be
unmistakeable, but there are many cases where a compara¬
tively small and obscure marking is all that distinguishes
one species from another, and it is of the utmost importance

4

to have notes written at the time of observation, in order
to eliminate all chance of error from faulty memory.

In the case of the club's statistical record for the county,
which is published annually in the form of an Annotated
List, the club will continue to require satisfactory proof of
observation, not necessarily that of the gun, and will only
sanction such records as have been carefully investigated,
discussed and approved by the Club as a whole.

With this number the plan of issuing the Bulletin in
December is abandoned, and hereafter it will appear as
soon after December 31st as possible, and carry the desig¬
nation of the year which it covers.

5

J

THE MUSIC OF THE GOLDEN-EYE.

(Glaucionetta clangula america/na.)

Charles W. Townsend, M. D.

The sounds made by most birds are vocal in character,
but some are instrumental and depend on wing or tail feath¬
ers or on other structures. A few birds produce both vocal
and instrumental music. The Golden-eye is an example of
the latter class, for this duck is able to produce not only
vocal sounds which are of considerable interest, owing to
the complicated structure of its vocal organs, but also
sounds made with its wing feathers. From the latter, which
are of a whistling character, it obtains its common name
of “Whistler.”

The human larynx, with its vocal cords situated at the
upper end of the trachea or windpipe, is the source of the
human voice, which is variously modified by the action of
the tongue, lips and palate. In birds the larynx is devoid
of vocal cords and produces no voice, although it is prob¬
able that the sounds produced lower down are modified by
the approximation or separation of its rigid margins. The
true voice in birds is produced in the syrinx, which is situ¬
ated at the lower end of the trachea and at the adjoining
bifurcation of the bronchi. The varied vocal sounds and
songs of birds arise in this organ from the vibratory mem¬
branes which are acted upon by the syringeal muscles, of
which singing birds or oscines have five or seven pairs.
Various dilatations and loopings of the trachea assist in
the making or modify the character of the sounds, but the
tongue plays no part in the modulation of the voice, unless
it be in the case of birds with large fleshy tongues, as in
parrots. The slitting of the tongue, sometimes practiced
in birds that are taught to talk, can be, therefore, of no
possible aid. Photographs of birds in song do not show the
tongue, which lies flat on the floor of the mouth and is not

6

elevated as is represented in the older portraits of singing
birds. As the voice is not modified in the mouth, birds are
able to sing with their bills full of insects.

In the Golden-eye Duck the trachea of the female is de¬
void of peculiarity, and the syrinx is simple and provided
with one pair of muscles. In the male there is a large irreg¬
ular fusiform swelling at the junction of the lower and
middle third of the trachea made up of the enlarged tra¬
cheal rings. At the lower end, where the trachea splits
into the two bronchi, there is a still larger swelling, vari¬
ously known as the labyrinth, tracheal tympanum, or bulba
ossea. This latter modification is found in the Mergansers
and in many, but not all, fresh-water and diving ducks. It
is believed to be a reverberatory chamber to increase the
volume of sound, and, as it is only developed in the male,
it is in the nature of a secondary sexual organ. Pycraft
pertinently says: “It is curious that in the Mallard, for
example, the males have but a low hoarse note, while the
call of the female — which lacks this resonating chamber, if
such it is — is loud.”

With both a labyrinth and an enlargement of the trachea
one would suppose that the male Golden-eye* would have a
remarkable voice, but such does not seem to be the case,
unless sounds are made that are inaudible to human ears.

Although the Golden-eye is a familiar duck,, few ornithol¬
ogists have heard it emit any vocal sounds. Wilson, who
describes accurately both the upper swelling of the trachea
and the labyrinth in the male, makes no mention of any
voice. Audubon makes no mention of any voice. Cones is
silent on the subject, as are also Forbush and Rich.

Nuttall says: “Although furnished with a remarkably
complicated trachea in the male, and the name of Clangula.
we cannot learn that they ever possess any audible voice.”

Baird, Brewer and Ridgeway say : “Although generally a
very silent bird, yet, just before it leaves for its breeding-
places in the spring, the male has a rough croaking note;
and this note may also be heard if, having fallen wounded
to the ground, it is taken alive.”

* Barrow’s Golden-eye has a much smaller enlargement of the trachea,
but its notes have not been described. Allan Brooks, who has described
the courtship, does not mention any voice.

7

Sanford, in “The Waterfowl Family,” tells of a bird with
young; “When disturbed, the duck at once flew to the far¬
ther end of the pond, directing the young ones by a gutteral
note, which I have never at other times heard from the
Golden-eye.”

D. G. Elliott, in his “Wild Fowl of North America,” says :
“The Whistler is a silent bird, its wings generally provid¬
ing all the noise it makes, but occasionally I have heard it
utter a hoarse kind of croak, similar to that made by the
Mergansers, but at no time anything resembling a quack.”

My own experiences with the vocal sounds produced by
the Golden-eye are as follows:

On a tributary of the Natashquan River in Labrador I
came across a female Whistler with four young. The young
uttered beseeching peeping notes and disappeared in the
bushes by the riverside, and the mother, uttering loud rasp¬
ing, croaking notes, led our canoe away. On another occa¬
sion, near the mouth of the St. Augustine River, in Lab¬
rador, a party of five young paid no attention to me until
the mother appeared and gave a warning croak, which
caused them to dive and swim away. These are the only
vocal sounds I have heard from the female.

I have heard no call nor conversational notes of the male,
but I am, however, very familiar with his courtship song,
which may be heard on pleasant days, not only in the late
winter and in the spring, but also in the autumn in connec¬
tion with his curious courtship dance, both of which I have
described in the “Auk,” 1910, Vol. XXVII,, pp. 177-181.
It is a harsh and rasping double note, vibrating and search¬
ing in character, and may be expressed by the syllables
zzee-at. On a calm day this note can be heard for half a
mile over the still water, but if there is a breeze blowing
and the waves are pounding on the beach, it is often in¬
audible at a hundred yards. So much for the vocal music
of the male Golden-eye. Considering his elaborate vocal
apparatus, it is disappointing to say the least. It reminds
one of the fable of the mountain in labor.

The instrumental music made by the wings — the whistl¬
ing of the Whistler — is familiar to all. In former days.

8

when the Back Bay Basin at Boston was a tidal estuary,
Golden-eyes frequented it much more than they do now,
and one could often hear from the city streets the whistle
of their wings as they flew out at sunset or back in the early
morning. The wing music, loud as the birds pass at close
range, grows rapidly fainter, but can often be heard until
the birds almost disappear in the distance. I have noticed
a considerable difference in the loudness of this wing music
at different times and have endeavored to separate the tones
of male, female and young, and the difference in the season.
Sometimes the whistling is very loud, at other times it is
almost absent. As the birds are nearly always associated
in groups of different sexes and ages, and as the conditions
of audibility vary with the wind and weather, I have been
unable to come to definite conclusions, but I am inclined to
believe that the wing music of the males is louder than that
of the females and that it is heard at its best in the spring.

Mahoff * has made an interesting study of the wing music
of the European Golden-eye, which bird differs from the
American sub-species only in being slightly smaller. He
has recorded a number of careful observations of the “flight-
tone” in this species and finds that the whistling is loudest
in adult males. In adult females and young males the
whistling is either absent or only half as loud as in the
adult males, and he records one case of a male in eclipse
plumage where the sounds were faint like those of the
female. The mechanism of this instrumental music he
attributes mainly to the narrowing of the barbs at the ends
of the first two primaries, a condition that is found only
in the males. He believes that this wing music adds to the
community life of Golden-eyes, who are thus able to signal
and keep in touch with each other, and that it plays no role
in courtship.

Can it not be the case that this whistling was originally
developed in courtship, as suggested by the secondary sex¬
ual specialization of the wings, and that it is now used, as
Mahoff points out, for signalling?

* “Zum Schwingengerausch der Schelle'ute (Glaucionetta c. Clangula L.),”
published in “Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gessellschaft in Bayern,”
XIII, Heft. 4, Nov. 25, 1919.

9

I

THE SO-CALLED SUICIDE OF WOUNDED WATER

BIRDS.

Edward Howe Forbush.

All gunners who have had much experience in hunting
waterfowl know that wounded birds very often dive or dis¬
appear under water and are not seen again. However, if
a hunt is made later, with a dog, the wounded birds usually
will be found concealed along the shore in the grass, weeds
or underbrush. Sometimes they disappear for a time and
iater float to the surface dead and drift to a lee shore;
but frequently they vanish and are never seen again. Some¬
times unwounded ducks disappear. Mr. George B. Foster

of Brookline, Mass., wrote me as follows, on January 25
1922: ’

"Last spring I was walking along the Esplanade and had
reached a point just above Harvard Bridge where Muddy
River empties into the Charles,, when I saw three ducks
alight in the Charles River about one hundred yards from
wheie I was standing. Two of them immediately dived,
and in a minute or two one of them appeared on the sur¬
face. I waited ten minutes, I should say, to see the other
one come up, but he did not appear. The water was per¬
fectly still and I could see in every direction for a long
distance.”

There are various ways of accounting for the disappear¬
ance of birds that are never found. At times the dis¬
appearance of both wounded and unwounded birds may
be accounted for by sub-surface enemies. Many birds are
pulled down by large turtles. Snapping-turtles have been
known not only to catch many ducklings but also full-grown
ducks. At the Game Farm of the American Game Pro¬
tective Association at Carver, Mass., a large turtle caught

a Canada Goose. The bird escaped, but left a leg in the
turtle's jaws.

IO

Many birds are caught on or under water by fish. I
have seen a large pickerel dart at the feet of a swimming
Pied-billed Grebe. The Grebe eluded the fish’s rush by
springing into the air and shooting along the surface of
the water. The bird saw the approach of the fish, which
came from the front, but he might not have seen it had it
come from the rear. Occasionally Dovekies, Murres or
ducks are taken with a part of a foot or one leg missing.
In some of these cases the appearance of the limb indicates
that it was mangled by a fish. Young ducks frequently are
swallowed by fish.

The late George A. Boardman of Calais, Maine, made the
following statement:

“Fifty years ago we used to have six different tree ducks
breeding on our river : Barrow’s Golden-eye and the Buffle-
head ( albeola ) rare, but the common Golden-eye, the Amer¬
ican Merganser, Hooded Merganser and Wood Duck abun¬
dant. About fifty years ago pickerel were put into our
waters, which soon put an end to most of our wild ducks
breeding, as the pickerel ate up all the chick ducks except
in the few lakes or ponds that were free from pickerel.
Near to Calais are several ponds and lakes that are free
from those fish, and the tree ducks bring their young to
those lakes for safety.”1

Mr. William D. Mershon of Saginaw, Mich., writes that
he opened a trout weighing two and one-half pounds which
had a duckling inside it. No doubt ducks are often caught
by large fish, such as sharks, dogfish and goose-fish. Dr.
R. S. Newton of Westborough, Mass., tells me that two
years ago at Katama Beach, Martha’s Vineyard, he shot a
goosefish about three feet long which came toward him in
the shallows. He drew the fish out upon the beach. Later
a friend called his attention to the fact that the crows had
pecked a hole in the stomach of this fish, and on examining
the hole he saw a Scaup Duck’s bill protruding. He opened
the fish and found the entire bird in the stomach.

Mr. G. Dallas Hanna,, of the University of California,
writes that he has taken freshly swallowed Crested Auklets

i Forest and Stream, Vol. 52 (May 6, 1899), p. 346.

from the stomachs of codfish which were caught on the
bottom.2

Doubtless fish secure some crippled birds which, weak¬
ened by wounds and unable to fly, have less chance to escape
than vigorous unwounded birds.

Gunners know that wounded birds sometimes go to the
bottom and push themselves into or under some vegetable
growth or submerged brush and there die. It is likely that
such birds become entangled and being wounded and weak
are unable to extricate themselves, and so die from the
effects of shot wounds or else drown. On the other hand
many wounded birds cling to vegetation by means either
of the feet or the bill and die, remaining there for a time
before they come to the surface. In Department Bulletin
No. 8, issued by the Massachusetts Department of Agri¬
culture, I have presented sixteen cases where eye-witnesses
saw birds under water clinging to vegetation with the bill.
These birds were not entangled and were not dead. Also
I have enumerated twenty-three cases reported to me by
naturalists and sportsmen, where birds attached themselves
to some under-water vegetation until death ensued. Birds
that float to the surface soon after death evidently could
not have been sufficiently entangled to prevent their escape
when alive. Such birds must have stayed voluntarily under
water until death relaxed their muscles and loosened their
grip. Gunners often assert that birds have gone down and
never come up ; but there are many ways in which wounded
birds will deceive the observer. Some can dive and swim
a long distance under water, and occasionally come up to
breathe without showing more than the bill above the sur¬
face. In rough water, or in the “path of the sun,” this
stiatagem enables a bird to go far unobserved and finally
to disappear in the distance or to get ashore under the
cover of vegetation without being seen. Even if the water
is perfectly smooth, no observer in a boat can watch all
parts of the surface, and the bird may come up and expose
its bill long enough to take breath, and go down unnoticed.

1922De^T9nt BUllGtin N°- 8’ 1VIass- Department of Agriculture. February.

Sometimes a wounded bird will come up under the stern
of a boat to get air, or even will follow close behind, so that
finally, when the attention of the gunner is attracted else¬
where, it will succeed in getting ashore unobserved.

There is some evidence to the effect that birds sometimes
hide beneath the surface among water plants, and cling
there with their feet, either being entirely submerged or
showing only the bill above water. A bird may even cling
by its feet and so remain submerged until death. Mr. B. J.
Olson of Kearney, Neb., avers that he saw a Dipper or
Water Ouzel which was shot on the Bitter Root River in
Montana, “fly” about 100 feet under water and then die,
clinging with its feet to rock moss in about a foot of water.
Mr. Albert J. B. Kirn of Solomon, Kan., says that he found
a wounded Pied-billed Grebe apparently clinging with its
feet to weeds under water. The bill of the bird was below
the surface. It was not clinging with its bill, as when he
tried to take it, it pecked his hand. Mr. A. M. Brooking
of Inland, Neb., says that he shot a duck which fell into
an isolated bunch of rushes. After waiting about ten min¬
utes he went to get the bird, but it was not in sight. He
found it dead below the surface, grasping the base of a
rush with both feet. Its body was in an upright position,
with its head stretched up, but its bill was several inches
under water. When dislodged it rose. On one or two occa¬
sions he has found ducks with the bill sticking out of water
enough to get air. On being dislodged they would try to
swim away.

It would seem at first sight that a duck, with its flat foot
and its short hind toe, would have difficulty in grasping
anything, but Mr. Willard E. Treat found one dead in a
marsh, “grasping tightly” a reed with one foot; and we
know that Wood Ducks and Tree Ducks easily perch on the
limbs of trees and grasp them with their feet.

It is claimed that rails, like ducks, will dive and hold on
either by feet or bill. Dr. B. H. Warren of West Chester,
Pa., tells me that Clapper Rails when wounded are very
expert in eluding pursuers by hiding below the surface of
the water. Sometimes they will dive and hold to seaweed

13

or grass with either feet or bill, and he has pulled them
from such places when they were under water at varying
depths, from a few inches to more than an arm’s length.
He says also that rails, when crippled and hiding under
water, often stick up the bill alongside of reeds, so that
they can breathe and at the same time elude their enemies.

It sems probable that ducks, when hiding under water,
usually grasp some object in the bill, as in diving the bill
comes first in contact with something that will give a
secure hold. A few clean-cut instances where this habit
has been observed may be given here:

Mr. T. Gilbert Pearson, President of the National Asso¬
ciation of Audubon Societies, asserts that when, as a boy,
he followed a hunter who graciously allowed him to wade
into the water to secure the dead fowls, a Green-winged
Teal was shot and fell into a pond thickly grown with vege¬
tation which came close to the surface. The moment the
teal struck the water it disappeared. It was easy to deter¬
mine the exact spot, so Mr. Pearson waded out and looked
down into the water,, where he saw the bird holding to the
stem of a submerged plant. The tail pointed upward toward
the surface. When the teal was lifted, the plant also came
up, still tightly clasped in the bird’s bill.

Mr. Frank T. Noble, the well-known naturalist of Au¬
gusta, Me., under the heading, “Why Wounded Ducks Dis¬
appear,” reports a similar experience.3 A male Pintail
Duck which he had winged, dived into the water and did
not come up. After a search it was found in ‘‘scarcely
three feet of water,” clinging with its bill to the stem of
a cowslip. Its body floated upward and its feet were out¬
stretched. The bird was still alive and “it required some
force to break him away from his queer anchorage.”

Mr. Charles B. Morss, a well-known sportsman of Haver¬
hill, Mass., writes, October 15, 1922, as follows: “I saw a
Blue-winged Teal commit suicide this fall when wounded.
Had the water been deeper I should have lost the bird alto¬
gether but, as it was, half of the bird’s extended tail showed

3 Journal of the Maine Ornithological Society, Vol. VIII No 3 Sent 1906
pag-e 61. '

14

above the water, which was just deep enough for it to dive
into, grasp a weed and hang on. When I finally got to it
and lifted it out,, it plainly showed grass in the bill. A
companion was dumbfounded at such an action and stated
that he could never have brought himself to believe such
a performance had he not witnessed it with his own eyes.”
Apparently in these cases there was no possibility of
entanglement, as the birds were close to the surface and
could be plainly seen.

Mr. John L. Cole of Nevada, Iowa, reports that in the
case of a Mallard male which was shot and fell in about
eighteen inches of water, the bird at once dived to the bot¬
tom. Grasping with its bill a large stem, it continued to
cling for some time (perhaps for twenty minutes) after
death. “I was standing in the water near the place where
he fell,” writes Mr. Cole, “and I did not see a movement
of his body after I reached the place. I went at once to
the place where he fell and watched him during this time.
At the end of that period he released his hold and slowly
came up. No movement was observed after he came to the
surface. This one remained longest under water of any I
have observed which clung to any object after being
wounded.”

Mr. Walter H. Miller of Laporte, Indiana, writes : “I have
often pried Bluebills loose from the bottom by the use of
an oar. They always cling to the weeds by their bills. I
have on several occasions taken them off the weeds in shal¬
low water with my hands.”

The idea that wounded water birds sometimes commit
suicide can no longer be classed with the tales of hibernat¬
ing swallows and hoop-snakes, but no one has actually de¬
termined whether the birds have died of their wounds or of
drowning. Although they may virtually commit suicide,
self-murder is not actual except where the victim under¬
stands the meaning of death and has a suicidal intent. We
can hardly credit a bird with such understanding or such
deliberate intent. Its action seems a mere instinctive, if
desperate, endeavor to escape from a pursuing enemy, — an
endeavor which it may at times carry too far.

15

i

GAME AND SHORE BIRDS IN ESSEX COUNTY,
MASSACHUSETTS, 1922.

John C. Phillips.

It may be of some interest at this time, just at the close
of the shooting season of 1922 in Essex County, to write
a short review of its main peculiarities. In several respects
it has been unusual. It followed a very wet summer, which
began with some nine inches of rain in June, and continued
wet until October. Moreover, the June floods extended far
north and east, at least to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and.
perhaps further.

Take the shore birds first. There were very few lesser
Yellow-legs on the marshes when the season opened. On
August 16, a small flight had already passed along. On
August 30 and 31 there was, however, quite a large flight
of waders, which lasted over into early September. There
were some Black-breasted and a few Golden Plover at this
time. The flight of Winter Yellow-legs was small — the last
was seen November 12.

The duck season opened with fewer Black Ducks than
usual, both on the fresh marshes and along the shore. The
local ducks did not breed as well as for several years past,
in spite of high water and what might seem optimum con¬
ditions. Wood Ducks also were scarcer than for several
seasons along the Ipswich River. There was no well-marked
flight of Blue-winged Teal. I saw one near the Ipswich
Poor Farm on August 11, an early record.

Snipe wei e late in arriving and found their usual grounds
covered with water. A long hunt on September 16 failed to
reveal a single one, and it was not until the night of Sep¬
tember 24-25 that they paid a visit to this county. On the
morning of September 25, after a heavy frost, I started
fifteen or twenty birds. On the twenty-eighth there were
a few snipe around and for several days following, but they

16

did not take to their usual haunts, although the water fell
rapidly the first part of October. The last snipe at Wenham
was seen on November 25. Virginia Rail were rather com¬
mon this year.

The first or September flight of Black Ducks arrived Sep¬
tember 24 and 25 and with them many Grebes.

All through October there was a steady but very small
flight of ducks, and it was noticeable that the proportion
of young birds was small. Even early in the season, when
there should have been a great excess of young over old,
there were more old than young. Ospreys did not pass
here in anything like their usual numbers during late Sep¬
tember and early October. The November flight of Black
Ducks was scattering and small.

The first Lesser Scaup arrived on the afternoon of Oc¬
tober 11, being just about on schedule time, in spite of the
very hot unseasonable weather. There were few of them,
however, all through the month. The most noteworthy
occurrence at Wenham this season, was the appearance of
'a number of Ring-necked Ducks and the taking of twelve
specimens, as follows: October 13, 20, 21 and 24. Red-
Heads appeared on October 20, 21, and on the very unusu¬
ally late date of November 24. Seventeen were taken in all.
Two Canvas-backs were shot on October 27, one a very fine
old male. No Widgeon, either American or European, were
seen or taken this year. Throughout the whole season it is
doubtful whether 25% as many Black Ducks were seen
flying as last year, and no large flocks were noticed. The
same condition held on the salt marshes, where old gunners
told me they had seldom seen such a poor autumn.

Geese were even scarcer than ducks. A few were seen
early in October, both here at Wenham and further east
around Chebacco, but there has been a remarkably small
flight; in fact, up to this time, December 1, no real flight
anywhere in the county. Remarkably few geese have been
seen at points south and east of Boston up to December 1,
and one wonders what has happened to them.

Although this appears to have been a normal, if not
better than normal year for Woodcock, we did not get our

i7

share here. When the season opened on October 20, there
were so few birds in our local covers that it seems more
than likely there had already been a marked migration,
perhaps somewhat earlier than usual. There is no evi¬
dence to show that our local breeding birds were any less
plentiful than usual. Two big cocks occupied a small patch
of corn in my garden nearly every morning for several
weeks in August.

Grouse in Essex County were well below normal and did
not breed well. There were few young birds. Undoubt¬
edly this was a very disastrous nesting season all along the
coast, although further north and west in New Hampshire
grouse were plentiful. They were very abundant in the
Maine woods also. It is unfortunate that our covers are
now so easily hunted by the motorized sportsman that it is
doubtful if we will ever again find as large a population
of grouse as we have had in the past. The practical dis¬
appearance of the pheasant from the county has again
turned the attention of many youthful gunners towards the
grouse. Foxes also, which increased during the period
when pheasants were abundant, and are now decreasing,
may have had some effect.

To sum up, it is worth noting that many different sorts
of game and water birds have suffered from a poor breed¬
ing season. Reports from Brant shooters in New Brunswick
point to a very few birds of the year, while New England
shore gunners noticed the same phenomena among the
Scoters. Geese and Black Duck were noticeably affected
and small numbers only have reached North Carolina. The
great heat of the first half of October (in fact up to the
middle of the month mosquitoes were active) did not seem
to delay the movement of ducks, geese or woodcock.

The conditions of this year may be a sort of return to
normal after the unusual abundance of Black Ducks and
geese of the past few years.

1 8

THE IPSWICH RIVER BIRD TRIP.

Ralph Lawson.

The sixteenth annual Ipswich River Bird Trip was made
on May twentieth and twenty-first, nineteen hundred and
twenty-two. Forty-five Club members and guests were in
the party some time during the two days, and forty-one
tented out at “The Pines” on Saturday night. Nearly ideal
conditions of weather and temperature prevailed. Both
days were clear and moderately warm, and although some
wind was encountered on Saturday, the second day could
not well have been improved upon. The season, after a
somewhat late start, developed very rapidly during May, so
that by the twentieth vegetation was well ahead of normal.

On Friday night, May nineteenth, several Club members
slept at the Club Camp at Boxford, and early Saturday
morning were joined by others at the Middleton Paper Mills,
from which point the start in canoes was made at nine-
thirty, daylight-saving time. Four canoes carried the morn¬
ing party, which reached Howe Station shortly after noon.
The next two hours were spent in and about Mr. Felt's
camp, where luncheon was eaten, and as soon as the main
party arrived, about two o'clock, the trip down stream was
resumed. A short stop was made at the Club Camp, which
was opened for the accommodation of any who did not care
to tent out at ‘‘The Pines,” but the weather was so fine that
no one availed himself of this opportunity. The leading
canoes arrived at “The Pines” about six o'clock, where tents
and shelters were quickly erected. Supper was eaten about
seven o'clock, and, after searching the island and adjacent
region, the party gathered around the camp-fire, where
stories were told, songs sung, and the day's list checked up.
Two or three canoe parties explored the marshes after dark,
and one or two late arrivals were picked up at the Valley
Road Bridge in Topsfield, a mile or two above the camping
ground.

19

The camp was astir before daylight, and Pine Island was
searched for the migrant Warblers which, during the past
years, have been found there in great numbers. Hot coffee
was kept in readiness and breakfast was eaten as each
member of the pary found an opportunity, although reports
of various birds observed in different parts of the Island,
which were relayed into headquarters, caused many inter¬
ruptions. Soon after eight o’clock Sunday morning, canoes
began leaving “The Pines,” and an hour later camp was
deserted. Stops on the way down stream were frequent,
but were made by little groups, and the party did not again
assemble until one o’clock, when the usual luncheon spot
was reached at Hemlock Bend, a mile or two above Ipswich.
Goodhue’s Landing in Ipswich was made an hour later, and
here the canoes were left, the party walking through the
town of Ipswich to the steamboat landing, where a large
motor-boat was boarded and from which point the trip was
resumed, this time on salt water. The motor-boat landed
the party at Little Neck, where the river empties into Plum
Island Sound and Ipswich Bay, and from there the journey
was continued on foot back to Ipswich, by way of Clark’s
Pond and Plover Hill. Several members left the main
party at Goodhue’s Landing in Ipswich, and went by auto¬
mobile to Ipswich Beach on the other side of the river and
thence back to Clark’s Pond.

The number of species observed, one hundred and eight
in all, is the largest ever recorded, and in looking over the
list we find that, although some of the migrant Warblers
are missing, notably the Parula, which has been found on
all of the previous trips, their absence is more than made
up by a variety of shore birds which were evidently migrat¬
ing in great numbers. The Red-throated Loon, Double-
crested Cormorant, Old Squaw, Dowitcher, Knot, Upland
Plovei and Ruddy Turnstone had never before been recorded
on these trips, and the Common Tern and Great Crested
Flycatcher had been noted but once previously. The Old
Squaw seen was within one day of the latest date that this
species has evei been found in Essex County. The scarcity
of Rails and Marsh Wrens may be accounted for by the

20

recent high waters, as a fortnight previously the river had
been at freshet pitch. A Rail note was heard from the
Club Camp by the men who spent Friday night there, which
was thought to have been the note of the Yellow Rail, and
a Rail was heard by the Saturday morning party, which
was probably a Sora, but as the identifications were not
complete, these names do not appear on the official list.

It was rather peculiar to find that no one had observed
or heard a Pine Warbler, but, as its absence was recorded
in 1918, 1919 and 1920, it may be that this species is not as
common as formerly. The Warbling Vireo, which had not
been recorded up to five-thirty Sunday afternoon, was seen
and heard in the same group of trees in the town of Ipswich
in which a bird of this species has been found on many*
previous trips.

The following species were recorded:

Red-throated Loon

Black-bellied Plover

Herring Gull

Semi-palmated Plover

Common Tern

Piping Plover

Double-crested Cormorant

Ruddy Turnstone

Red-breasted Merganser

Ruffed Grouse

Black Duck

Ring-necked Pheasant

Wood Duck

Mourning Dove

Old-squaw

Marsh Hawk

Bittern

Sharp-shinned Hawk

Great Blue Heron

Red-shouldered Hawk

Black-crowned Night Heron

Broad-winged Hawk

Woodcock

Sparrow Hawk

Wilson's Snipe

Osprey

Dowitcher

Yellow-billed Cuckoo

Knot

Black-billed Cuckoo

White-rumped Sandpiper

Belted Kingfisher

Least Sandpiper

Hairy Woodpecker

Semi-palmated Sandpiper

Downy Woodpecker

Sanderling

Northern Flicker

Greater Yellow-legs

Whip-poor-will

Solitary Sandpiper

Night Hawk

Upland Plover

Chimney Swift

Spotted Sandpiper

Ruby-throated Hummingbird

Kingbird

Crested Flycatcher

Phoebe

Wood Pewee

Least Flycatcher

Blue Jay

Crow

Starling

Bobolink

Cowbird

Red-winged Blackbird
Meadowlark
Baltimore Oriole
Bronzed Grackle
Purple Finch
English Sparrow
Goldfinch
Vesper Sparrow
Savannah Sparrow
White-throated Sparrow
Chipping Sparrow
Field Sparrow
Song Sparrow
Swamp Sparrow
Towhee

Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Scarlet Tanager
Purple Martin
Cliff Swallow
Barn Swallow
Tree Swallow

Bank Swallow
Cedar Waxwing
Red-eyed Vireo
Warbling Vireo
Yellow-throated Vireo
Black and White Warbler
Golden-winged Warbler
Nashville Warbler
Yellow Warbler
Magnolia Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warbler
Black-poll Warbler
Blackburnian Warbler
Black-throated Green Warbler
Prairie Warbler
Ovenbird
Water- thrush
Maryland Yellow-throat
Wilson’s Warbler
Canada Warbler
Redstart
Catbird

Brown Thrasher
Long-billed Marsh Wren
Chickadee
Wood Thrush
Wilson’s Thrush
Olive-backed Thrush
Hermit Thrush
Robin
Bluebird

THE BAY-BREASTED WARBLER ON MT. MONAD-
NOCK, NEW HAMPSHIRE, IN SUMMER.

Charles L. Whittle.

On the southeast slope of Mt. Monadnock, at an elevation
of approximately 1,450 feet, a male Bay-breasted Warbler
(Dendroica castanea) was discovered July 17, 1921. The
bird sang at short intervals from near the top of a large
red spruce for several hours, with occasional more or less
protracted intervals when he would fly to other parts of the
grove or descend to a lower position where he rested and
preened his feathers. He sang much of the time from a
particular tree and from a particular perch on that tree,
in fact having a “singing tree” and a singing perch. This
perch was about five feet below the top of the tall spruce
and close to the outer end of a small branch, where he would
sit for several minutes at a time and devote himself exclu¬
sively to song. At other times he would investigate the
upper part of the singing tree or neighboring trees for
food, singing as he searched.

When first heard, his song was mistaken for that of a
Black and White Warbler, although possessing less of the
see-saw character than that bird’s common song. Chapman,
Warblers of North America, quotes Farwell as follows:
“The Bay-breast’s song is a poor, weak, saw-filing note.”
The song also suggested one of the variations of the Red¬
start’s. The notes of the three songs appear to have about
the same length, and they are sung rapidly with only a
slight accent, and the duration of the longest variation did
not much exceed two seconds.

Several hours were devoted by our party of four to a
search for the female and the nest, but without success,
and opportunity to continue our investigations did not occur
again until July 29, when Mrs. Whittle and I revisited the
spruces. As we entered the grove we heard about us the

23

songs of the Blackburnian, Black-throated Blue, and the
Black-throated Green Warblers, while a few hundred feet
below the Hermit was still in song and a little above us we
could hear the wonderful music of the Olive-backed Thrush.
On approaching the singing-tree we found the Bay-breast
still present and singing from near its top. Watching him
carefully, we noted that he frequently flew away towards
some deciduous woodland near by, and once chased away
another small bird from the vicinity of his singing-tree.
The search for the female again began, by posting ourselves
among the deciduous trees where they joined the spruces,
and it was not long before we saw the male chase the female
into a small spruce close by, where she was readily identi¬
fied. She had a very pretty way of standing facing and
inspecting us, with her wings half spread and her body
bent forward well below the horizontal. In a trice both
birds disappeared, and the male was shortly heard singing
again in his favorite tree. An hour afterwards we again
located the female close by, industriously searching the
branches of large yellow birches, from which she was gath¬
ering food. On two occasions she was seen with her mouth
crowded with caterpillars, with which she flew away, and
there is little doubt but that she took them to her young.
Although we spent considerable time searching for the
young birds, we were unable to find them. They were prob¬
ably perched near the tops of the tall spruces, where their
feeble calls for food were inaudible.

The following lines were taken from my notes made on
our second visit:

“On the same tall spruce where we identified the male
Bay-breast on July 17, we again found him singing his
high-pitched, simple song, which, on account of its sim¬
plicity, shortness, weakness and distance from the ground
(60 feet) may easily be passed by unnoticed even by trained
observers. It is noticeable that wfiien he sings from the
midst of a high, thick spruce, particularly from the further
side from us, his weak song nearly fades away.

“He is more restless than when we were here nearly two
weeks ago, and keeps making little journeys to the border

24

of the spruce grove along a mountain brook where smaller,
thickly-growing spruces give place suddenly to large decidu¬
ous trees, mostly yellow birches and red and rock maples.

“The male bird gleans his food largely from the tall
spruces, and, from our study, it seems probable that he does
not assist his mate in the care of the young or in incubation.

“The patch of spruces in which these birds are nesting
is situated just where the steep slope of the mountain be¬
gins. In shape its outline is irregular. It is about a half
a mile across and is surrounded as a rule by a large decidu¬
ous growth. On the southwest a mountain stream tumbles
rapidly along its border, and on the northeast a pasture,
nearly overgrown with small spruces, adjoins it. The
spruces in the grove grow thickly and range in size from a
few inches to eighteen inches in diameter.”

It is readily apparent that the Bay-breast is a large-sized
member of the Dendroicae. It has been described by Gerald
Thayer (see MSS notes quoted by F. M. Chapman in “The
Warblers of North America”) as having a ‘‘Vireo-like lei¬
sureliness of movement,” which agrees with our estimate
of the male's characteristics, but the female appears ex¬
tremely active, even more so than the Redstart.

Chapman gives nesting dates for this species as June 15,
Bangor, Maine (Knight) ; and June 9-14, Listowell, Ont.
(Kells). These Monadnock birds are therefore very late,
due perhaps to the fact that disaster overtook an earlier
attempt to raise a family, or to the fact that a second brood
was being raised. As far as I am aware there is no nesting
record for this species on Monadnock or for any other point
as far south in New England.

In order to ascertain if the above-described occurrence
of the Bay-breast here was accidental, Mrs. Whittle and I
again visited the same spot on June 4, 1922. After some
search a male Bay-breast was found singing less than fifty
feet from his singing-tree of 1921. His song was given less
frequently than the year previous and it seemed to be higher
and thinner, resembling a variation of the Blackburnian
Warbler's song. The female was not found.

The male, as before, remained in the spruces all the time,

25

feeding, and singing occasionally. He had a habit, not ob¬
served last year, of flying down to the lowest live limb of
a tall spruce, and, alighting close to the bole he would work
along the limb, searching for food, to the extreme end. He
would then hop up to the next limb and work back to the
bole. This process was repeated step by step until he
reached the thick branches near the top of the tree.

This second occurrence of the Bay-breast on Monadnock
at the same spot, during the nesting season, increases the
presumption, already strong, that this species nests there.

26

CONCERNING THE FIELD IDENTIFICATION OF THE

BARROW’S GOLDEN-EYE.

Arthur P. Stubbs.

Barrow’s Golden-eye has been frequently reported, by
several observers, as having been seen at Lynn, Massachu¬
setts, during the winters of 1921-22 and 1922-23. A recen
article indirectly throws some doubt upon the value ot these
observations as records.

Mr Ludlow Griscom, in his article “Field Studies of the
Anatidae of the Atlantic Coast,”* says: “The drake can be
easily . distinguished from the last [Golden-eye] at close
range by the different shape of the white spot on the face
and its relative position with regard to the eye. The female
and young are absolutely indistinguishable. This species
is so rare, even in the northeastern states, that it should
be identified with the greatest caution. A sight record
would be of little value unless made by a trained field orni¬
thologist.”

My experience with this bird in the field, and considerable
study of the writings of others, leads me to disagree with
Mr. Griscom in two important respects : — the best basis for
identifying the males of the two species, and the possibility
of accurate identification by the average observer, not a
trained field ornithologist.

Mr. E. H. Forbush speaks of the extreme rarity of the
species in Massachusetts,, saying that Brewster in 1909 rec¬
ognized but three records as authentic.2 He evidently con¬
sidered the male easily identified by the face spot, but like
Griscom considered the female unidentifiable or nearly so,
and ends by referring his readers to Mr. Brewster s article

in the Auk.3

1 Griscom, Ludlo

2 Forbush, E. H.

3 Brewster, William:

line un wo, » * v *

: Auk, vol. 26, p. 153-154, 1909.

27

Dr. C. W. Townsend evidently considers that both male
and female can be identified,, and, in commenting upon a
personal record made at Lynn in 1919, 4 says : “I was first
attracted to the Barrow’s Golden-eye by the lack of white
on the sides. In place of the great white patch on the wings
and flanks of the Whistler, — a field mark noticeable at a
great distance, — a horizontal row of four or five white dots
or squares marks the wing coverts of the Barrow’s Golden¬
eye. The elongated crescentic white marks on the head of
the latter species distinguish it from the Whistler with its
round marks. ... I have been able to identify two female
Barrow’s Golden-eyes among some Whistlers in the Back
Bay Basin by their smaller and yellow bills.”

Mr. Allan Brooks, in his “Notes on Some American
Ducks,”5 considers the male Barrow’s Golden-eye easily
identifiable at any distance at which one can distinguish
one species of duck from another. He also emphasizes the
blackness of the male as contrasted with the male of the
common species, and calls attention to the row of white
dots on the wing as a valuable field mark. In speaking of
the female and young he sweeps away all the accepted field
marks as to color of bill and feet, and in their place gives
only a series of points to be seen and measured in the labora-
toiy. It is interesting to note that Mr. Brooks seems to be
the only writer of those quoted who has had an extended
and familiar acquaintance with the species in the field.

From my reading of the authorities quoted above, and
from my own field experience, I have come to the conclusion
that the male Barrow’s Golden-eye can be readily identified
in the field by any reasonably careful observer within the
distance necessary to identify ordinary species of ducks,
but that the female and young cannot be identified with any
degiee of certainty. It seems to have been demonstrated
that differences in the size and color of the bill and in the

color of the feet are not dependable as a basis for identi¬
fication.

4 Townsend, C. W. : Supplement to the Birds
setts, p. 58-59, 1920.

s Brooks, Allan: Auk, vol. 37, p. 356-365, 192

Essex County, Massachu-

28

Since December 20, 1922, male Barrow's Golden-eyes
have been on view at Lynn practically every day, keeping
within the range of a six-power glass from low to high tide,
often coming close to the shore and well within fifty yards
of the observer. With the best of light and the birds in
the right positions, it is of course possible to identify them
by the face marks alone, but the surest and easiest method
at any distance is by the pattern of the wing coverts. As
the males of the two species float side by side the difference
of these markings is very easily seen.

29

AN ANNOTATED LIST OF BIRDS
OBSERVED BY THE MEMBERS OF THE ESSEX
COUNTY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB.

1922.

A change in the date of issue of the Bulletin has made
possible the publishing of a bird list covering a calendar
year, in place of the July to July list of former issues. To
avoid a break in our records, we have made a supplemen¬
tary list covering the time from July 1 to December 31,
1921.

Weather conditions during the time covered by these two
lists had a very marked effect on bird movements. A ter¬
rible sleet storm in late November, 1921, followed by rough
weather through the winter, made it very hard for our
common winter land birds, and an unusually small number
were seen. On the other hand, water birds were with us in
great numbers and variety, this condition continuing well
into the spring. The gull tribe so delayed their northern
movement that many stayed with us through the summer.

The very wet summer of 1922 did not seem to affect the
local breeding birds, with the exception of the swallows.
After their departure southward very few migrant species
and particularly few warblers came in to till their places,
and therefore the fall was disappointing. Along shore the
ducks and other waterfowl seemed slow in arriving, but
before cold weather had really set in their numbers were
well up to normal. Whether we shall have as tine a show¬
ing of divers as we had last winter is yet to be seen, very

few except Grebes and Loons having yet arrived (Dec. 24,

1 922 ) .

Unfortunately the Ipswich shore and marshes were not
so carefully covered this year as usual, and therefore the
list suffers particularly in regard to Swallows, Shore birds
and Water fowl. Several trips were made to this locality,

3°

but at irregular intervals, and therefore they do not pro¬
vide the statistical information available from other parts
of the County.

When a record is followed by no comment, it will be
understood that the species was present in normal numbers
with no unusual circumstances worthy of note.

2. Holboell’s Grebe. Fairly common. April 20; No¬

vember 5.

3. Horned Grebe. Very common; hundreds seen in

frahant Bay in mid-April. May 3 ; October 29.

6. Pied-billed Grebe. September 24 to October 29.

7. Loon. May 2 ; September 1.

11. Red-throated Loon. May 21 ; November 5.

27. Black Guillemot. January 18 to March 29. Seen at
Nahant on the latter date in both summer and
winter plumages.

31. Brunnich’s Murre. More common along the shore

than for at least fifteen years. January 14 to
April 12.

32. Razor-billed Auk. One bird was surely picked out

from the confusing BrunniclTs Murres at Nahant
on March 29. Emilio and Stubbs.

34. Dovekie. Fairly common. March 29.

40. Kittewake. Ipswich Beach. October 29. S. G. Emilio.
This species, common during the colder months on
the off-shore fishing grounds, is very uncommon
along shore.

42. Glaucous Gull. A few seen. February 8 to May 8.

43. Iceland Gull. A few at Fisherman's Beach, Swamp-

scott. Last seen March 19.

47. Great Black-backed Gull. Common. One summer
date, Ipswich, July 30. Emilio.

51. Herring Gull. Always present in very large numbers.
Locally they do excellent and much needed work as
scavengers.

58. Laughing Gull. About Lynn Harbor. May 25 to
August 17.

60. Bonaparte Gull. Strangely enough present during
the breeding season. May 16 to November 12.

31

64.

70.

71.

72.

77.

117.

119.

120.

129.

130.
133.
133a.
140.

144.

146.

147.

148.

149.

150.

151.

152.

153.

154.

Caspian Tern. Ipswich Beach, September 1. S. G.
Emilio.

Common Tern. May 17 to September 7.

Arctic Tern. August 9 to September 1.

Roseate Tern. Ipswich Beach. September 1. S. G.
Emilio.

Black Tern. Ipswich Beach. September 1. S. G.
Emilio.

Gannet. March 29 to June 11; September 9 to Oc¬
tober 29.

Cormorant. January 8 to March 19.

Double-crested Cormorant. May 21 to June 17; Sep¬
tember 1 to November 1.

Merganser. March 12 to April 9 ; December 10.
Red-breasted Merganser. May 21 ; July 30.
Red-legged Black Duck. Winter.

. Black Duck. Resident.

Blue-winged Teal. Wenham Lake. August 11. Dr.
Phillips.

Wood Duck. March 15. No fall records of th% spe¬
cies were made, because the Ipswich River region,

its favorite haunt, was very poorly covered during
autumn.

Redhead. Wenham Lake. October 20 to November
24. Dr. Phillips.

Canvas-back. Wenham Lake. October 27. Dr. Phil¬
lips.

Scaup. April 15 ; October 12.

Lesser Scaup. April 30; October 11. It will be fair
to state that three records of this species were
made, principally from the localities in which they
were found. This is no longer orthodox.

Ring-necked Duck. Wenham Lake. October 13-24
Dr. Phillips.

Golden-eye. April 12 ; October' 29.

Barrow’s Golden-eye. Sliding Rock, Lynn. January
14 to April 4 ; December 20.

Buffle-head. Nahant Beach. May 3; October 25
Old Squaw. May 21; October 16.

32

163. Scoter. February 19 ; October 25.

165. White-winged Scoter. May 17 ; August 27.

167. Ruddy Duck. Flax Pond, Lynn. October 29 to No¬
vember 5.

172. Canada Goose. January 29 to May 21; October 12.
190. Bittern. April 23 to October 16. On the latter date
a Bittern alighted in Mr. S. G. Emilio’s asparagus
patch in Danvers.

194. Great Blue Heron. March 26 to May 30; August 2
to December 31.

201. Green Heron. May 14 to October 1.

202. Black-crowned Night Heron, March 24 ; November 23.
212. Virginia Rail. April 16 to December 19. From De¬
cember 14 to 19, Mr. S. G. Emilio watched a Vir¬
ginia Rail along a brook in Danvers.

214. Sora Rail. September 3 to 10.

228. Woodcock. March 19 to August 14.

230. Wilson Snipe. March 18 to May 20; August 2 to

October 8.

231. Dowitcher. May 21. The want of fall records of this

species is a good illustration of the need of more
thorough work in the Ipswich shore region during
the fall migration.

234. Knot. May 21 ; August 31.

235. Purple Sandpiper. Shag Rocks, Nahant. February

1 to March 19.

240. White-rumped Sandpiper. May 21 ; September 27 to

November 8.

241. Baird’s Sandpiper. Nahant Beach. September 2.

Stubbs.

242. Least Sandpiper. May 21 ; July 25 to September 1.
243a. Red-backed Sandpiper. October 5 to November 8.

Present in unusual numbers on Nahant Beach
from November 1 to 8.

246. Semi-palmated Sandpiper. May 21; July 15 to Oc¬
tober 8. Present by thousands on Nahant Beach
in late August and early September.

248. Sanderling. May 21 to June 11 ; July 31 to Novem¬
ber 8.

33

254. Greater Yellow-legs. May 7-21 ; July 30 to Nov. 12.

255. Yellow-legs. July 25.

256. Solitary Sandpiper. May 7-28 ; July 25 to Sept. 1.
261. Upland Plover. May 21; August 2.

263. Spotted Sandpiper. May 7 to September 6.

270. Black-bellied Plover. May 21 to June 4; July 30 to
October 25.

272. Golden Plover. Early September.

273. Killdeer. March 10 to October 4. Definite records of

two nests with eggs were made this year. One in
Peabody and one in Saugus.

274. Semi-palmated Plover. May 17 to June 4; July 15

to October 5.

277. Piping Plover. May 17.

283a. Ruddy Turnstone. May 21 ; August 9 to October 4.
289. Bob-Whhe. Several records, mostly along the Ips¬
wich River.

300. Ruffed Grouse. Fairly common.

316. Mourning Dove. April 1 to October 15.

331. Marsh Hawk. April 2 to October 21.

332. Sharp-shinned Hawk. Common.

333. Cooper’s Hawk. Less common than previous species.
339. Red-shouldered Hawk. Common.

343. Broad-winged Hawk. May 20. Apparently rare in
Essex County.

356a. Duck Hawk. September 27 to November 12.

357. Pigeon Hawk. April 29 ; October 5.

360. Sparrow Hawk. Common.

364. Osprey. March 26 to May 31; September 6 to Oc¬
tober 6.

366. Long-eared Owl. April 10. A pair seen near Den
Quarry, Lynn. C. E. Moulton.

367. Short-eared Owl. Cliff at Nahant. January 18 to

May 3.

368. Barred Owl. A few seen.

376. Snowy Owl. Hamilton. January 27. W. B. Porter.
387. Yellow-billed Cukoo. May 21. Has apparently be¬
come scarce in Essex County. Result of spraying?

34

388. Black-billed Cuckoo. May 9 to August 6. Not so
rare as above but seemingly decreasing in numbers.

390. Belted Kingfisher. January 7. Gloucester. George
Felt. March 26 to November 5. Nahant, Decem¬
ber 20. A. P. Stubbs.

393. Hairy Woodpecker. Fairly common.

394c. Downy Woodpecker. Common.

402. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. April 7 to May 1; Sep¬
tember 27 to October 13.

406. Red-headed Woodpecker. Danvers, September 27.
S. G. Emilio.

412a. Northern Flicker. Common.

417. Whip-poor-will. May 3 to September 8. Not so
many reported as in 1921.

420. Nighthawk. May 20 to September 16. Few reported.

423. Chimney Swifts. May 3 to September 6. Apparently
had a poor breeding season.

428. Ruby-throated Hummingbird. May 10 to September
17. Becoming rare.

444. Kingbird. May 17 to September 17. Collects in
favorite locations, notably on Flagstaff Hill, Fay
estate, in great numbers in late August.

452. Crested Flycatcher. May 20 to September 10. More
common along Ipswich River for the last two or
three years.

456. Phoebe. March 25 to October 26. Normally a bird
of two broods in Essex County.

459. Olive-sided Flycatcher. May 21 to June 4. Rare.

461. Wood Pewee. May 20 to September 27. Latter date
beside Floating Bridge Pond. A. P. Stubbs.

467. Least Flycatcher. April 28 to August 18.

474. Horned Lark. April 11. (May 30, Ipswich, S. G.
Emilio) ; October 29.

474b. Prairie Horned Lark. November 19.

477. Blue Jay. Common.

488. Crow. Winter roost at Castle Hill, Ipswich, forming
again early winter of 1922.

494. Bobolink. May 10 to September 17. Common in
meadows.

31

495. Cowbird. March 15 to October 22.

498. Red-winged Blackbird. February 22 to August 6.
501. Meadowlark. Locally common resident.

507. Baltimore Oriole. May 7 to September 9.

509. Rusty Blackbird. March 7 to May 14 ; September 23
to November 1.

511b. Bronzed Grackle. March 7 to November 19. This
species is surely increasing in numbers. Great
flocks gathered in the Ipswich River valley during
October and early November. This bird needs no
protection.

514. Evening Grosbeak. January 1 to May 11. As

many as eighty about feeding stations in Dan¬
vers and Topsfield.

515. Pine Grosbeak. January 29. Few seen.

517. Purple Finch. Winters here in variable numbers.

Apparently breeds in small numbers.

522. White-winged Crossbill. Danvers, November 5.
S. G. Emilio.

528. Redpoll. February 7 to 21 ; December 10. No large

flocks.

529. Goldfinch. Common resMent.

533. Pine Siskin. March 30 to May 14; October 9. Not

abundant.

534. Snow Bunting. February 21 ; October 29. Few large

flocks.

540. Vesper Sparrow. April 2 to October 31. Locally
common.

542a. Savannah Sparrow. April 16 to November 5. Lo¬
cally common.

549. Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Ipswich. July 30. S. G.
Emilio.

554. White-crowned Sparrow. May 14; October 22 to
November 5.

558. White-throated Sparrow. April 29 to May 21 ; Sept.

14 to December 31.

559. Tree Sparrow. April 30; October 26.

560. Chipping Sparrow. April 9 to November 1.

563. Field Sparrow. April 7 to October 23.

36

567. Slate-colored Junco. May 3; September 30.

581. Song Sparrow. Usual numbers.

583. Lincoln's Sparrow. Danvers, September 6 to 22.

S. G. Emilio.

584. Swamp Sparrow. April 16 to November 12.

585. Fox Sparrow. March 12 to May 1 ; October 14 to

December 24.

587. Towhee. May 2 to November 28.

595. Rose-breasted Grosbeak. May 11 to September 19.
598. Indigo Bunting. May 21 to September 27.

608. Scarlet Tanager. May 14 to October 1.

611. Purple Martin. April 27 to May 21. No record of

breeding.

612. Cliff Swallow. May 13 to July 30.

613. Barn Swallow. April 16 to September 4.

614. Tree Swallow. March 26 to September 1.

616. Bank Swallow. May 7 to September 1.

619. Cedar Waxwing. Not up to usual numbers.

621. Northern Shrike. April 12; December 8.

624. Red-eyed Vireo. May 14 to October 4.

627. Warbling Vireo. May 13 to September 11. Only

locally common.

628. Yellow- throated Vireo. May 6 to September 4.

629. Blue-headed Vireo. April 19 to May 14; September

30 to October 20.

636. Black and White Warbler. May 1 to September 8.
642. Golden-winged Warbler. May 7 to August 22.

645. Nashville Warbler. May 6 to August 20.

647. Tennessee Warbler. May 21. Fay estate, Lynn.
C. E. Moulton.

648a. Northern Parula Warbler. May 2-14. It is remark¬
able that we had no fall records.

650. Cape May Warbler. Woodside, Swampscott. May 13.
A. Morley.

652. Yellow Warbler. May 3 to September 14.

654. Black-throated Blue Warbler. May 11 to 24.

655. Myrtle Warbler. April 9 to May 14; September 17

to November 26.

657. Magnolia Warbler. May 14 to 28.

37

659. Chestnut-sided Warbler. May 7 to August 18.

660. Bay-breasted Warbler. Fay estate, Lynn. May 27.

C. E. Moulton.

661. Black-poll Warbler. May 20 to 30; September 7 to

October 1.

662. Blackburnian Warbler. May 8 to 21.

667. Black-throated Green Warbler. May 1 to October 15.

671. Pine Warbler. May 26 to October 1.

672. Palm Warbler. September 22 to October 15.

672a. Yellow Palm Warbler. April 8 to May 11; Sep¬
tember 30 to November 26.

673. Prairie Warbler. May 9. Several visits to the Lynn

Woods Park and adjoining brush lands, where this
species has been almost abundant for several years,
gave very scant results in Prairie Warbler records.
Whether the sprout lands are becoming too high
and rank in growth or whether 1922 weather was
unfavorable, we are at a loss to decide; the birds
surely were not to be found.

674. Ovenbird. May 4 to September 24. ,

675. Water-Thrush. May 14-21 ; August 21 to Sept. 24.
678. Connecticut Warbler. Danvers, September 7 to 17.

S. G. Emilio.

681. Maryland Yellow- throat. May 7 to September 23.

685. Wilson's Warbler. May 13 to 23.

686. Canada Warbler. May 11 to 23 ; August 14. June

14, a pair of this species found on the edge of a
wooded swamp in Lynn Woods Park. August 15,
a male and possibly a female at the same spot.
This species has bred in Lynn and the location
seems to be an ideal breeding place for it. The
August 14 date was made in a thick hillside tangle
at Fay's. A. P. Stubbs.

687. Redstart. May 6 to September 7.

697. Pipit. October 1 to November 22.

703. Mockingbird. About yard, Danvers. October 29.

Dr. W. G. Fanning.

704. Catbird. May 7 to December 3. The latter date is a

record of W. D. Moon, made beside Floting Bridge

38

Pond. Later in the day the bird was observed
nearby by Walter Stoddard.

705. Brown Thrasher. April 30 to October 6.

721. House Wren. May 7 to August 4. Uncommon sum¬
mer resident.

724. Short-billed Marsh Wren. May 9 to July 30.

725. Long-billed Marsh Wren. May 21. Another species

which was neglected during the latter part of the
season.

726. Brown Creeper. May 1 ; October 1.

727. White-breasted Nuthatch. May 7.

728. Red-breasted Nuthatch. April 25. The absence of

both Nuthatches during the fall of 1922 is remark¬
able.

735. Chickadee. Usual numbers.

748. Golden-crowned Kinglet. April 16 ; September 22.

749. Ruby-crowned Kinglet. April 10 to May 3. Septem¬

ber 17 to December 3. Late date. S. G. Emilio.

755. Wood Thrush. May 7 to September 21. Not

abundant.

756. Veery. May 7 to September 1.

758. Olive-backed Thrush. May 20-21.

759b. Hermit Thrush. April 10 to November 22.

761. Robin. Few present in the colder months, otherwise
normal.

766. Bluebird. March 10 to November 8.

A. P. Stubbs, Recorder.

SUPPLEMENTARY LIST.

July 1 to December 31, 1921.

2. Holboell's Grebe. September 8.

3. Horned Grebe. November 16.

6. Pied-billed Grebe. August 14 to November 11.

7. Loon. August 28.

11. Red-throated Loon. September 8.

34. Dovekie. November 29.

43. Iceland Gull. December 11.

47 Great Black-backed Gull. July 11.

51. Herring Gull. Usual numbers.

58. Laughing Gull. Plum Island, September 8. J. W.
Goodridge.

60. Bonaparte's Gull. July 24 to December 1.

70. Common Tern. October 12.

71. Arctic Tern. Ipswich Beach, July 31. S. G. Emilio.

72. Roseate Tern. Ipswich Beach, July 31. S. G. Emilio.
74. Least Tern. Plum Island, September 8. J. W. Good¬
ridge.

106. Leach's Petrel. Found alive on Lyman street, Lynn,
and given to Game Warden Thos. Burney, July 11.
Identified by A. P. Stubbs.

109. Wilson's Petrel. July 11 to September 4.

117. Gannet. September 4 to October 9.

120. Double-crested Cormorant.. August 27 to October 9.

129. Merganser. November 23.

130. Red-breasted Merganser. Bred in Essex Co., 1921.
133. Red-legged Black Duck. In usual numbers.

133a. Black Duck. Bred well in 1921.

137. Baldpate. Hamilton, September 18. J. W. Goodridge.
139. Green-winged Teal. September 4 to November 13.

143. Pintail. Ipswich, Aug. 20 to Oct. 2. Dr. Townsend.

144. Wood Duck. October.

146. Redhead. October 30 to November 13.

148. Scaup. September 8.

40

149. Lesser Scaup. October 16 to December 4.

151. Golden-eye. November 16.

153. Buffle-head. November 4.

154. Old Squaw. November 9.

163. Scoter. September 8.

165. White-winged Scoter. August 7.

166. Surf Scoter. September 8.

172. Canada Goose. September 8.

173a. Brant. Hog Island, Ipswich, Oct. 12. Dr. Townsend.

190. Bittern. October 22.

194. Great Blue Heron. July 29 to December 7.

196. Egret. July 23 to August 28.

201. Green Heron. September 28.

202. Black-crowned Night Heron. November 23.

208. King Rail. Topsfield, October 28. J. W. Goodridge.
212. Virginia Rail. September 8.

215. Yellow Rail. Topsfield, September 11. J. W. Good¬
ridge.

219. Florida Gallinule. Ipswich River, September 24,
J. W. Goodridge.

221. Coot. September 23 to October 16.

228. Woodcock. November 12.

230. Wilson's Snipe. December 4.

231. Dowitcher. July 3.

234. Knot. September 3.

235. Pectoral Sandpiper. September 23 to October 16.
240. White-rumped Sandpiper. Aug. 24 to Sept. 30.

242. Least Sandpiper. July 30 to August 30.

243a. Red-backed Sandpiper. September 8 to October 19.
246. Semi-palmated Sandpiper. July 3 to September 25.
248. Sanderling. July 31 to November 12.

254. Greater Yellow-legs. July 31 to November 11.

255. Yellow-legs. July 3.

256. Solitary Sandpiper. July 31 to October 12.

258. Willet. Rowley, July 3. J. W. Goodridge.

261. Upland Plover. July 9 to September 10.

263. Spotted Sandpiper. November 2.

270. Black-bellied Plover. September 3 to October 16.

272. Golden Plover. September 8 to 11.

41

273. Killdeer. November 13.

274. Semi-palmated Plover. July 31 to September 25.
277. Piping Plover. August 28.

283a. Ruddy Turnstone. September 3 to October 12.

316. Mourning Dove. November 12.

351. Marsh Hawk. September 19.

332. Sharp-shinned Hawk. Frequent reports.

333. Cooper's Hawk. Occasional reports.

337. Red-tailed Hawk. Two reports for the season.

339. Red-shouldered Hawk. Common.

343. Broad-winged Hawk. September 19.

356a. Duck Hawk. Danvers, October 8. S. G. Emilio.
357. Pigeon Hawk. August 28 to September 15.

360. Sparrow Hawk. Common.

364. Osprey. September 11 to October 23.

366. Long-eared Owl. Ipswich, October 9. Dr. Townsend.
388. Black-billed Cuckoo. October 14.

390. Belted Kingfisher. October 22.

393. Hairy Woodpecker. Fairly common.

394c. Downy Woodpecker. Common.

402. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Sept. 28 to Oct. 23.
412a. Northern Flicker. Common.

417. Whip-poor-will. September 22.

420. Night Hawk. September 19.

423. Chimney Swift. September 4.

428. Ruby-throated Humming-bird. August 27.

444. Kingbird. September 13.

452. Crested Flycatcher. August 22.

461. Wood Pewee. September 4.

467. Least Flycatcher. August 23.

474. Horned Lark. November 16.

474b. Prairie Horned Lark. September 4.

477. Blue Jay. Usual numbers.

488. Crow. Usual numbers.

494. Bobolink. September 11.

495. Cowbird. October 30.

496. Red-winged Blackbird. November 11.

501. Meadowlark. Locally common.

507. Baltimore Oriole. September 25.

42

t

509. Rusty Blackbird. November 13.

511b. Bronzed Grackle. November 20.

514. Evening Grosbeak. November 9.

515. Pine Grosbeak. November 6.

517. Purple Finch. November 3.

528. Redpoll. November 20.

529. Goldfinch. Usual numbers.

533. Pine Siskin. November 20.

534. Snow Bunting. November 2.

540. Vesper Sparrow. October 26.

542. Savannah Sparrow. November 13.

546a. Grasshopper Sparrow. Howe Station, July 17 to
August 21. S. G. Emilio.

554. White-crowned Sparrow. October 10 to 16.

558. White-throated Sparrow. (July 24, 31) Sept. 8 to

November 21.

559. Tree Sparrow. September 24.

560. Chipping Sparrow. October 22.

563. Field Sparrow. November 6.

567. Slate-colored Junco. September 18.

581. Song Sparrow. Usual numbers.

584. Swamp Sparrow. November 6.

585. Fox Sparrow. October 23 to December 14.

587. Towhee. November 11.

595. Rose-breasted Grosbeak. September 26.

598. Indigo Bunting. August 2.

608. Scarlet Tanager. August 7.

612. Cliff Swallow. August 28.

613. Barn Swallow. September 25.

614. Tree Swallow. October 12.

616. Bank Swallow. August 28.

619. Cedar Waxwing. Usual numbers.

621. Northern Shrike. October 26.

624. Red-eyed Vireo. September 17.

627. Warbling Vireo. September 26.

628. Yellow-throated Vireo. September 24.

629. Blue-headed Vireo. September 14 to October 22.
631. White-eyed Vireo. Salem Pasture, July 27. C. E.

Moulton.

43

636. Black and White Warbler. August 28.

642. Golden-winged Warbler. August 28.

645. Nashville Warbler. August 21.

647. Tennessee Warbler. August 20 to September 26.
648a. Northern Parula Warbler. August 23 to October 9.
652. Yellow Warbler. September 12.

654. Black-hroated Blue Warbler. September 24 to 29.

655. Myrtle Warbler. August 20 to November 6.

657. Magnolia Warbler. September 23.

659. Chestnut-sided Warbler. August 24.

660. Bay-breasted Warbler. August 14.

661. Black-poll Warbler. August 23 to October 19.

667. Black-throated Green Warbler. October 3.

671. Pine Warbler. October 16.

672. Palm Warbler. September 19 to October 15.

672a. Yellow Palm Warbler. Sept. 18 to Nov. 13.

673. Prairie Warbler. August 22.

674. Ovenbird. August 28.

675. Water Thrush. September 21 to 25.

678. Connecticut Warbler. Danvers, September 10 and 15.
S. G. Emilio.

681. Maryland Yellow-throat. October 16.

687. Redstart. September 17.

697. Pipit. September 8 to November 11.

703. Mockingbird. Two reported, Manchester and Dan¬

vers.

704. Catbird. October 17.

705. Brown Thrasher. October 1.

721. House Wren. September 1.

722. Winter Wren. October 16 to 21.

724. Short-billed Marsh Wren. July 30.

725. Long-billed Marsh Wren. July 24.

726. Brown Creeper. September 4.

727. White-breasted Nuthatch. September 28.

728. Red-breasted Nuthatch. August 20.

735. Chickadee. Usual numbers.

748. Golden-crowned Kinglet. September 17.

749. Ruby-crowned Kinglet. October 9 to 22.

755. Wood Thrush. September 24.

44

756. Veery. August 24.

757. Gray-checked Thrush. September 28 to October 2.
758a. Olive-backed Thrush. September 10 to 27.

759b. Hermit Thrush. October 29.

761. Robin. Nearly all had migrated south by December.
766. Bluebird. November 14.

A. P. Stubbs, Recorder.

45

THE FIRST YEAR OF THE NEW ENGLAND
BIRD BANDING ASSOCIATION.

Laurence B. Fletcher.

The New England Bird Banding Association was founded
on January 16, 1922, and as a result of preliminaries which
had been going on during the previous six months, approxi¬
mately one hundred and fifty persons had, up to January 16,
signified their intention of becoming members of the Asso¬
ciation. On January 1, 1923, there were approximately
four hundred active members, and in addition over one
hundred persons had expressed a desire to join.

During 1922 members of the New England Association
have banded nearly five thousand birds, and complete rec¬
ords of these bandings are in the files of the Association.
This number would, undoubtedly, have been several times
greater had it not been for the lack of bands, as the United
States Government had very few for distribution between
June and November, owing to the unexpected demand. The
Association's records show that one hundred and thirty
species have been banded, the Song Sparrow heading the list
with five hundred and forty-two. The Robin, with two
hundred and nineteen, and the Chipping Sparrow with one
hundred and eighty-three, come next in order. Black-
crowned Night Herons, Roseate Terns, Purple Finches and
White-throated Sparrows number about one hundred and
fifty each; Tree Sparrows and Barn Swallows about one
hundred each. Some of the more uncommon species suc¬
cessfully banded are Petrels, Scaup Duck, Woodcock, Spotted
Sandpiper, Semi-palmated Plover, Hummingbird, Wood
Pewee, Prairie Horned Lark, Henslow's Sparrow, Grass¬
hopper Sparrow, White-crowned Sparrow, Sharp-tailed
Sparrow, Blue-headed Vireo, Magnolia Warbler, Brown
Creeper, Blue-winged Warbler, and Ruby-crowned Kinglet.

The Hon. Herbert Parker banded the first bird for the

46

/

Association, a Tree Sparrow, and Mr. Aaron C. Bagg of
Holyoke, Mass., banded the first migrating Song Sparrow,
March 9, at 4.30 P. M., three hours after it appeared on
his grounds.

The following history of a Song Sparrow banded at
Cohasset, Mass., by Mr. Laurence B. Fletcher, will show
the importance of recording repeats (taken from Circular
No. 3, U. S. Biological Survey) :

No. 11006, Song Sparrow,
Repeats, 1921,

u

it

it

Return, 1922,
Repeats, 1922,

a

a

tt

Banded May 29, 1921, 3.15 P. M.
May 31, 12 Noon

June 5,

June 6,

June 7,

June 16,

May 13, 1922,
May 16,

May 16,

July 5,

July 13,

July 22,

July 26,

July 29,

Aug. 10,

7 P. M.
11 A. M.

4 P. M.
4 P. M.

3 P. M.
11 A. M.

4 P. M.

5 P. M.

8 A. M.

2 P. M.
11 A. M.

8 A. M.

3 P. M.

What became of No. 11006 after June 16, 1921, and where
did it go on May 16, 1922, after it had returned three days
previously? What was it doing in the period from May 16
to July 5? At present these questions are puzzling, but
with persistent work such details ultimately will be solved.

Mrs. W. H. Herrick, of Topsfield, Mass., traps her birds
in an ordinary canary cage, made so that the perch will
break when a bird alights, thus closing the door. This
trap is on the roof of a piazza under her bedroom window.
She trapped and banded forty-three Evening Grosbeaks
last spring, and three of these birds were in the cage at
one time; the last one was banded May 8. She has also
trapped and banded, among other birds, one hundred and
nineteen adult Purple Finches. One Purple Finch, after

47

trapping himself, mounted the upper perch and burst into
song.

Hon. Herbert Parker, of Lancaster, Mass., the latter part
of last winter banded thirty Tree Sparrows, nineteen Fox
and eighteen Song Sparrows. The Tree and Song Spar¬
rows repeated, but none of the Fox Sparrows. In April and
May, twenty-two White-throats were banded, and none of
these repeated, except one which came at 8 in the morning
and repeated at 6.30 at night. In October Mr. Parker
banded a White-crowned Sparrow, “young of the year,” and
some Fox Sparrows, and of these he had three Fox Spar¬
rows repeat in November.

William E. Smith, of South Chatham, Mass., banded over
one hundred Common and Roseate Terns, fledglings, and
while on a trip to New Brunswick on the steamer Governor
Dingley, he banded a Song Sparrow which flew on board
when the boat was 30 miles off Portland, Maine, and re¬
leased it next day at Lubec, Maine.

Miss Bertha E. Brown, of Bangor,, Maine, in reporting
the banding of a Chipping Sparrow, said that when she
opened her hand to release the bird he would not fly, but
lay quietly on her outstretched hand. This continued so
long that she became tired and sat down. When she looked
at her watch, she found that the sparrow had remained five
minutes longer before deciding to fly away.

While on a vacation at Unity, Maine, Mr. Arthur W.
Taylor, of Salem, Mass., banded a female Wood Pewee and
two young. The mother bird was so tame that she fed the
young birds as they sat on Mr. Taylor's knee.

Mr. L. B. Fletcher, of Cohasset, banded a Red-winged
Blackbird (male) in August, 1922. The next day this bird
appeared at the trap with a female and four fledglings.
After leading them around the trap several times, the female
and four young went under the trap, were taken and banded.
In the twenty years Mr. Fletcher has lived there he had
never observed Red-winged Blackbirds on his lawn, where
the trap is operated, until regular feeding was established.

Mrs. Alice B. Pratt, of Middleboro, Mass., used a pull¬
string trap on the beach at Marion, and caught and banded

48

two Spotted Sandpipers and two Semipalmated Plovers.

Leach's Petrels (43), Prof. Alfred 0. Gross, Brunswick,
Maine.

Roseate Terns (49 young) at Chatham, Mass., and 61
Cliff Swallows in Sweden, Me.„ Henry E. Childs of Provi¬
dence, R. I.

Purple Finches (19), Mrs. W. K. Harrington, Norwalk,
Conn.

Song Sparrows (65), Sydney Harris, Vineyard Haven,
Mass.

Redstart, male, flew into back kitchen, banded by Miss
Inez Annie Howe, St. Johnsbury, Vt.

Fox,, Song and Tree Sparrows (70), in March and April,
Mr. Frank Novak, Fairfield, Conn.

At Sandwich, Cape Cod, Mass., a Juneo was banded
March 31, by Mrs. George H. Burbank. On April 26 a
cat brought in this bird in Buckland, in the extreme western
part of the same state.

Mr. R. E. Horsey, of Rochester, N. Y., reported that
Common Tern No. 104872 was found August 13, at Stop 22,
Manitou Line, near Rochester, alive, but it soon died. The
bird was banded by Edwin Beaupre, near Kingston, Ontario.

On June 17, Messrs. Fletcher, Floyd and Mackaye banded
one hundred and four Black-crowned Night Herons (fledg¬
lings) at Sandy Neck, West Barnstable, Mass. Three of
these banded birds were heard from later in the summer.
The first, August 7, at Kennebunkport, Me., about 120 miles
north of Sandy Neck; the second, August 20, at Fryeburg,
Maine, 200 miles north of Cape Cod and well inland ; while
the third was picked up September 4 near Marblehead,
Mass., about 60 miles from its place of banding.

Black-crowned Night Heron 201635, banded by Mr. S. C.
Emilio at Ipswich Beach, July 30, was found injured at
North Andover on September 25. This town is about 20
miles west of Ipswich.

Mr. J. Howard Edwards, of Boston, shot nine banded
Black Ducks, among others, at Tunk Pond, Maine, Novem¬
ber 6 and 7. These birds were banded by Joseph Pulitzer,
of Bar Harbor, Maine.

49

Black Duck No. 10505, banded by Mr. Robie W. Tufts,
Wolfville, Nova Scotia, June 21, at Seal Island, was killed
at Goose Bay, Yarmouth County, N. S., November 8.

A Bronzed Grackle, banded September 11, by Mr. Charles
A. Floyd, Auburndale, Mass., was found wounded at Eliza¬
beth, N. J., November 7. Later it recovered and flew away
with others of its kind.

Professor W. C. Vinal, of Providence, R. I., banded a
Flicker at Wellfleet, Mass. This bird was found dead in
a chimney of a closed summer cottage, November 5th, at
North Eastham, Mass.

Records covering fifteen days, of fifty-five banded birds
show, according to the following tabulation, how frequently
“repeats” are made:

14 were in the trap once.

13 were in the trap twice.

9 were in the trap three times.

1 in the trap five times.

2 in the trap seven times.

1 in the trap nine times.

1 in the trap ten times.

Messrs. Fletcher, Whittle and Floyd motored through
Essex County visiting old barns, both deserted and occu¬
pied, and succeeded in banding forty-three Barn Swallow
nestlings.

One of the members of the N. E. B. B. A. who lives in
Middleboro, Mass., spent her summer at Marion, Mass.,
and banded on the beach two Sharp-tailed Sparrows, two
Spotted Sandpipers, and two Semipalmated Plovers. She
used the pull-string trap. “I hid behind a wall near a marsh,
and when they went under my trap I pulled the string. I
didn’t use any bait but let them 'hunt in their natural way.
I couldn’t see what the sandpipers and sparrows ate, but
the plovers ate long worms which they pulled out of the
ground the way Robins pull a worm in the garden. I put
my trap out three days before banding, to let them get used
to it.”

50

A Word about Traps.

The majority of our banders have the Government spar¬
row trap, or something very like it. Others have simply
a pull-string trap, and some have both kinds. A member
in West Virginia uses a trap which he considers superior
to the ordinary pull-string trap. It is four feet square,
fifteen inches high, with a swinging door in one side, hinged
to the top piece of the trap. This door is held open by a
cord. Loosening the cord lets the door fall and closes the
trap. A Rochester, N. Y., man placed his trap over a bird
bath, which has proven to be very successful. At Man¬
chester, N. H., a member uses two Government traps, one
painted fern green and the other unpainted. He makes the
interesting statement that on one occasion when the traps
were left side by side for several days, the painted trap
was not occupied at all, while the unpainted one trapped
six or seven birds.

Bait.

The baits most commonly used and which have proven
most successful have been chick feed, millet, sunflower
seeds, canary seed, crusts of bread, doughnuts, suet, etc.
Experiments should be made frequently, however, and it
has been often found that a change of bait will add very
much to the bander’s record. It has been reported that a
Catbird would not take any bait placed under a trap, and
not until brown bread crusts were used was the Catbird
taken.

Mr. Aaron C. Bagg, of Holyoke, Mass., banded fifty-six
Tree Sparrows. Thirty-one were banded prior to March 1,
1922, twenty-five after March 1, 1922. The following is
a record of the seven returns he has had:

No. 22196, banded Feb. 11, 1922, returned Dec. 4, 1922.

No. 22188,, banded Feb. 10, 1922, returned Dec. 11, 1922.

No. 22190, banded Feb. 10, 1922, returned Dec. 11, 1922.

No. 22202, banded Feb. 11, 1922, returned Dec. 13, 1922.

No. 22198, banded Feb. 11, 1922, returned Dec. 18, 1922.

No. 22199, banded Feb. 11, 1922, returned Dec. 19, 1922.

No. 14030, banded Feb. 17, 1922, returned Jan. 6, 1923.

5i

A complete history of No. 22196 is as follows:

Banded Feb. 11, 1922.

Repeated, Feb. 14, 1922, 10 A. M.

“ Feb. 16, 1922, 10.14 A. M.

“ Feb. 16, 1922, 5.25 P. M.

“ Feb. 17, 1922.

“ Feb. 18, 1922, 9 A. M.

“ Feb, 18, 1922, 10.50 A. M.

“ Feb. 18, 1922, 3 P. M.

“ Feb. 19, 1922.

“ Feb. 22, 1922, 12.25 P. M.

“ Feb. 22, 1922, 5 P. M.

“ March 12, 1922.

“ March 24, 1922.

Returned, Dec. 4, 1922.

Repeated, Jan. 18, 1923.

Mr. L. B. Fletcher banded Song Sparrow 28070 at Co-
hasset, Mass., July 6th, 1922.

Repeated, July 7th, 1922.

“ January 11th, 1923.

“ January 13th, 1923.

“ January 15th, 1923.

“ January 18th, 1923.

“ January 20th, 1923.

“ January 25th, 1923.

“ January 28th, 1923.

This seems to show without question that this bird has
remained at Cohasset, where it was banded in the summer
of 1922, up to January 28th, 1923.

52

THE HARLEQUIN DUCK ON THE COAST OF ESSEX

COUNTY, MASS.

In the “Birds of Essex County,” published in 1905, I was
able to give only three records of the Harlequin Duck for
the County. These were all from mounted specimens. Two
were in the Essex County collection of the Peabody Museum
of Salem, one a male from Baker’s Island, without date;
the other a young male from Marblehead, dated Nov. 11,
1883. The third, also a male, from Swampscott, dated
Nov. 20, 1877, was in the collection of the Brookline, Mass.,
High School. In the “Supplement,” published in 1920, I
was unable to add any more records, but I have had recently
an interesting experience, which is worth recording.

On March 4, 1922, in company with several friends, I
took the steamer from Boston running to Gloucester. The
Captain, at our request, steamed close to Half-way Rock,
a small rocky islet rising abruptly from the sea to a height
of about fifty feet. The Rock lies two miles off Marblehead,
about half-way between Boston Outer Light and Gloucester.
In addition to a Common Cormorant and two or more Purple
Sandpipers, we started from this rock two small ducks,
which I believe were Harlequins. One of these flew wildly
about the rock and over the water astern of us, not scaling

53

close to the surface,, but rising and falling and turning this
way and that, so we were able to see both its back and
breast. In the dull light of a cloudy day we were unable,
even with 8-power binoculars, to detect any colors or mark-
ings, and the duck looked uniformly dull gray or black. Its
size, shape and method of flight excluded at once the Ameri¬
can Scoter and the Black Duck. I am fairly familiar with
the Harlequin Duck on the Labrador coast. The female and
young look uniformly dark above and below and on the
wings, with the exception of a variable amount of white
near the eye, and this it is often difficult to see on a bird

in flight.

Knight, in “The Birds of Maine,” said of the Harlequin,
in 1908 : “They were formerly common along the coast from
November until March and April, but now occur only in
the extreme winter months in limited numbers among the
outer surf -beaten ledges and islands of our Eastern coast.

It is possible the Harlequin has been frequenting this

outlying Essex County rock.

Charles W. Townsend, M. D.

A WINTER AFTERNOON AT NAHANT.

The afternoon of January 18, 1922, was dull and squally,
and although the temperature was not much below freezing
there was a penetrating northwest wind, which ruthlessly
sought the less protected parts of the body. With two
fellow-members of the Bird Club, both immune to such
weather when there is a prospect of meeting either new or
old bird friends, I started for Nahant.

Off shore from Red Rock, which is situated in Lynn not
far from the Nahant line, we saw two male Barrow’s
Golden-eyes. These were first reported in that locality on
January 14th, by R. B. Mackintosh. There were many
female Golden-eyes in the vicinity, and it seems fair to
assume that some of them were Barrow’s.

We stopped at Little Nahant and from the verandas of
the closed summer cottages, watched to our hearts’ content

54

the Dovekies and Brunnich’s Murres, or little battleships,
as someone has fancifully called them. One never gets tired
of watching these two interesting northern strangers.

From Little Nahant we went to the Forty Steps, and
thence to the cliffs on the Lodge and James estates. At the
latter place, the most interesting bird we saw was a Short¬
eared Owl. He was perched on a crag overlooking the water
and was sharply outlined against the sky. We got close
enough to him to plainly see, with our glasses, the color of
his eyes, the fine markings of the plumage and the two
little tufts of feathers, like ears, protruding from his head.
He finally resented further approach and circled out over
the water toward the Lodge estate. To me, it seemed odd
for an owl to be flying out to sea, even for a short distance.
We followed to his apparent objective, and while we were
wondering what had become of him, he flew up almost at
our feet and circled back to where we first observed him.

From the rocks on the Lodge estate we had a fine oppor¬
tunity to watch two Black Guillemots in winter plumage,
gracefully riding the waves and diving frequently for food.
The bird in this plumage surely belies his name, as the
striking thing about him is not the black but the amount
of white he shows. On the harbor side, nearly opposite the
Life-Saving Station, were approximately two hundred Black
Ducks.

Our list for the afternoon, which was satisfactory to us
and may be interesting to others, follows:

Holboell’s Grebe, Horned Grebe, Black Guillemot, Brun¬
nich’s Murre, Dovekie,, Great Black-backed Gull, Herring
Gull, Red-breasted Merganser, Black Duck, Golden-eye,
Barrow’s Golden-eye, Old-Squaw, Scoter. White-winged
Scoter, Surf Scoter,, Short-eared Owl, White-breasted Nut¬
hatch and Chickadee. C. E. Chase.

THE DRUMMING OF THE SNIPE.

It was just before dusk on April 25, 1922, when a party
of Club members gathered about a clump of bushes on the
edge of Nichols Brook, a little stream which runs more or
less parallel to East Street and eventually finds its way into

55

the Ipswich River. The object of the meeting was to listen
to the drumming of the Snipe and, if possible,, observe the
birds in this aerial performance. The men composed them¬
selves, and there was as much silence as the different dispo¬
sitions of the group would allow. There were never more
than five men talking at once.

The sun had long since set and night was drawing its
curtain across the afterglow and in the swamp the thrushes,
song sparrows and other birds were singing to the passing
day. Down the road a large dog pointed his nose to heaven
and tried to break all long-distance records for uproarious
vocalization. Different sounds, both wild and tame, were
identified and commented upon, until there came a lull ; even
the talkative members of the party were silent, and then
from above was heard a sound similar to that made by the
air rushing through the wings of a domestic pigeon. The
Snipe had arrived and everything else was forgotten. Dur¬
ing the next half-hour the air was filled with the drumming
of the Snipe and the conjectures of the party. The dark¬
ness made it impossible to catch but fleeting glimpses of
the birds as they darted downward from the sky or flut¬
tered to the ground. No one was able to see how the sound
was made, but everyone heard it and caught an occasional
quick view of the birds. Some saw one bird, others saw
more, and one man went so far as to declare he saw five
Snipe, thereby drawing on himself sundry observations more
pointed than scientific. Taking it all in all, the trip was a
success, inasmuch as the birds were located, seen and heard.

A. B. Fowler.

NOTES FROM A BIT OF WATERFRONT, 1922.

The point of made land, on the Lynn side of the mouth
of Saugus River, has become covered by a growth of weeds
and grass. This growth was first tenanted by the Savannah
Sparrows, lovers of sandy ground near salt water. During
the summer of 1922, 1 several times put up from this weedy
waste two or more Prairie Horned Larks, judging from
plumage, an old pair and their young. An amusing feature

56

of this experience was, that my best sight of the old birds
was within a hundred feet of a taxi-aeroplane that shared
the made land with the sparrows and larks. The birds were
within a few feet of each other, on the ground, and the
female held some winged insect, resembling a small dragon¬
fly, in her bill.

Along the harbor side of the point, the remains of a plank
bulk-head furnish resting places for the gull tribe. Here,
on July 7, I found fully two hundred Bonaparte Gulls with
a sprinkling of Common Terns. The tameness of the birds
and a six-power glass made identification easy. Many of
the Bonapartes were in summer plumage, including the
black hoods, which are not commonly seen in this region.
The black-tipped red bills of the Terns were also easily
made out.

From half to full tide there is a sandy stretch from the
weeds to the waters edge, the wide mud flats being covered
by water. Here, on August 9, I found several thousand
shore birds, about evenly divided as to species between
Semipalmated Sandpipers and Semipalmated Plover ; a
single Turnstone left the bunch and flew out over the harbor.

The cove between the point and the Gas Works, when
filled by the rising tide, is a favorite feeding and resting
place for hundreds of Blue-bills, from the time shooting
ceases January 1 to mid- April, when they depart northward.
These few acres of weedy ground and its shore are on the
sea side of a busy boulevard, carrying an almost continuous
traffic and a bare half mile from Lynn’s most crowded manu¬
facturing district ; yet. taking the year through, well repays
any attention the bird student may give it.

A. P. Stubbs.

A SPRINGTIME TRYST.

We selected an evening in mid-April, a few bird cranks
for company, and boarded a car that arrived near Howe
Station at six o’clock. Proceeding up East Street about
three-fourths of a mile, we came to what appeared to be
a favorable locality, and decided to spend the evening there.

57

Imagine a juniper-covered hillside, sloping up toward the
west, bordered laterally with swamp land and hardwood
growth, with here and there a few evergreens, and you have
the stage setting of our evening’s diversion. We oriented
ourselves so that anything arising from the hillside, between
us and the afterglow from the setting sun, would probably
be seen, and seated ourselves down among the junipers to
await developments. Our arrival had been timed so nicely
that scarcely had the twinkling stars cut their path through
the deepening dusk before the show was on.

Our ears soon singled out from other noises, a weak,
plaintive bleat, or “peent,” followed by a few seconds inter¬
val, then another and another, until, with almost noiseless
flush, a bird sprang into the air to begin a series of ascend¬
ing circles, each succeeding one becoming smaller until the
apex of the flight was accomplished, some two hundred feet
above the ground. The return flight was a descending spiral,
distinguished by a sprinkling through the twilight of the
most delicious notes, sometimes single, often double, but
mostly a triple-noted melody, that for clearness and purity
has few rivals in the entire range of bird music. During
the ascent, the bird was so attentive to its own activities
as to pay apparently little attention to the observers, which
fact was taken advantage of, by moving our positions to a
point as close as possible to where the bird left the ground.
On several occasions the performer was within a few feet
of us, and could be plainly seen strutting about, fluttering
its wings and uttering its peculiar “peent.”

The ascents were made at intervals of from one to four
or five minutes, and were continued for over an hour, to
our great delight. This nuptial,, or flight song, of the
American Woodcock is one of those rarely beautiful con¬
summations that Nature has reserved for the faithful, and
must be seen to be appreciated. “Birds-eye” or “Old Five-
Snipe” will pilot any who care to go next Spring.

W. G. Fanning.

58

N

HUMMINGBIRDS' NESTS NEAR CAMP.

The pendulous branches of the Red Maple, where they
overhang the waters of the Ipswich River, seem favoied
nesting sites of that feathered atom, the Ruby-throated
Hummingbird. On the 14th of last May, I paddled down
stream from Howe's with a canoe party, and as we pre-
• pared to land at the Club Camp, I happened to glance into
the branches of the maple opposite Camp. Almost directly
over my head and within easy reach was the last yeai s
tiny nest of a Hummingbird. I collected the nest, which,
despite last fall's ice storm, was in excellent condition.

The following Fourth of July, which was a wet, disagree¬
able day, I spent at the camp. During the day I boarded
the “Zephyr" for a short row downstream, and, as I pushed
off, the bow of the boat caught in the branches of that same
maple. The river was greatly swollen from the recent rains
of May and June, and some of the drooping twigs were rest¬
ing in the water. As I released the boat from its entangle¬
ment, my eye fell upon another nest, containing two tiny
eggs, which was just clear of the water and in imminent
danger of being crushed by the bow or borne beneath it.
I grasped the branch and examined my find. From the
appearance of the nest and eggs it was clear that they had
been under water and had been abandoned by the bird. I
watched, but saw no bird about, and later in the day col¬
lected the nest, which was within three feet of the twig I

severed with the other nest in May.

It seems strange, at first thought, that this bird could nest
within a hundred feet of the Camp two years in succession
without being detected, but anyone who has had experience
with the Ruby-throat knows that its minute size and bullet¬
like flight render it very difficult of observation.

Walter E. Bates.

AN ACCIDENTAL VISITOR.

A trip to Ipswich Beach, Mass., or more properly Castle
Neck, on May 30th, 1922, netted an unusual sight in the
ornithological field. Early in the afternoon a large bird,

59

which appeared to be about two and a half feet in length,
flew north-westward along the beach, about twenty yards
above the water and perhaps two hundred off shore. I could
not name the species, though it had the general appearance
of a grebe or loon. The long neck was not held out straight,
but was crooked at the lower end. The upper parts of the
bird, as far as I could see, were dark but not black, and the
entire under parts, including nearly the full circumference
of the neck, were a brilliant white. When nearly out of
sight, the bird wheeled to the left towards the beach, flew
back, and alighted on the water directly off shore from
where I stood, and not over one hundred and fifty yards
away. I saw no wing patch as the bird came down. Im¬
mediately I trained my thirty-five power telescope on the
bird. The sun was clear and behind me, and the light and
visibility perfect. The back appeared to be an even un¬
spotted and unmottled dark, dull, grayish-brown. A very
narrow stripe along the back of the neck was equally dark.
The top of the head and nape appeared almost black and
connected without break with the rest of the dark upper
parts. In side view the stripe on the neck was hardly
evident. There was not a trace of black collar, or black
or rufous coloration on the sides or front of the neck. The
basal part of the lower mandible was a grayish horn color,
and not at all like the yellow bill I have seen on the Hol-
boell’s Grebe. The rest of the bill was quite dark. It was
very clearly a grebe’s bill, although I did not attempt to
estimate its dimensions. The most striking feature of the
bird’s appearance, however, was plain to the unaided vision,
and I am confident that one familiar with the bird would
have identified it at a glance, and that feature was the long,
slender, pure white, gracefully-curved neck. At times it
looked quite swan-like, but the bird was not half the size
of a swan and the bill was unmistakeably that of a loon or
grebe. The bird sat on the water with considerable eleva¬
tion to the center of the back, and did not have at all the
long, low silhouette of a loon, but rather that of the little
Horned Grebe.

I watched the bird fishing for many minutes, then, after

60

a trip in the dunes to the colony of Night Herons, I again
studied it without, discovering anything more.

Of the regular visitors to our shores the Red-throated
Loon in winter plumage most nearly resembles the bird I
observed. But in my humble opinion no Red-throated Loon
ever possessed such a neck as this bird. Furthermore, I
have examined in poor light, specimens of this loon at the
same relative distance, taking into consideration the aid
given by the telescope, and had no difficulty in seeing the
spotted or mottled back of that species. No specimen of
this loon that I have seen has had the pure or brilliant white
underparts of the bird at Ipswich, and in no instance has
the loon shown such a narrow dark stripe on the back of
the neck. In addition, while it is possible for a Red-throated
Loon to appear at Ipswich on May 30th in winter plumage,
it is, to say the least, improbable that it has ever done so.

Any puzzle, once you know the solution, seems simple,
but I did not know the solution while at the beach, nor for
some time after leaving it. My main idea seemed to be
that the bird must be one of our regular visitors in plum¬
age I had never heard of, and certainly never seen, so I
carefully searched for a description of one of our loons
or a Holboelffs Grebe in some plumage that would corre¬
spond to what I saw, but the search was fruitless. It was
more by accident than design that I turned back a page of
Chapman's “Birds of Eastern North America," and quite
casually started to read the description he gives of the first
bird in the book. “Neck long and slender." I was not so
casual in reading the rest. It is not a long description, in
fact, it is very short, and it fitted that freak bird at Ipswich
as a glove fits the hand.

This is the description of ^Echmophorus occidentalis, the
Western Grebe. I do not know that this bird has ever be¬
fore been seen on the Atlantic coast of North America;
nevertheless, I feel quite properly convinced that it is the
bird I saw.

I have spent much time in the West since I became a bird
student, over twenty-three years ago, but my observations
there were very limited, and I did not see the Western Grebe

61

in its normal range. The observation at Ipswich is quite
unsubstantiated, as I had no companion; my notes made
while the bird was in sight are meagre, “Loon? White neck
and sides, light bill," and I did not secure the specimen.
However fully I may be convinced that I have accurately
identified an easily recognized bird which I had never before
seen,, others may be reluctant to consider such an identifica¬
tion as constituting a primal record, and the report of my
observation is presented here as a presumably interesting
item.

Danvers, Mass. S. G. Emilio.

62

CALENDAR OF

THE ESSEX COUNTY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB

OF MASSACHUSETTS.

1921-22.

REGULAR MEETINGS.

September 12, 1921. Regular meeting. General field
notes and stories of summer experiences. Twenty-one mem¬
bers present.

October 10, 1921. Regular meeting. A. P. Stubbs, the
Club Recorder, went over the bird records July, 1920,
through June, 1921. Fiften members present.

November 14, 1921. Regular meeting. Professor E. S.
Morse discussed the multiplicity of generic names jand
strongly advocated the retention of the original Latin names
wherever possible. Nineteen members present.

December 12, 1921. Regular meeting. Annual meeting
of the Club. Voted to raise annual dues to three dollars.
Officers for 1922 elected. Dr. C. W. Townsend gave an
account of his last summer’s trip to Novia Scotia. Thirty-
three members present.

January 9, 1922. Regular meeting. A. P. Morse exhib¬
ited and described our native grasses, including many of
importance to birds. Twenty-eight members present.

February 13, 1922. Regular meeting. S. G. Emilio gave
an informal talk on various species of Western birds ob¬
served during his many years in that part of the United
States. Twenty-two members present.

March 13, 1922. Regular meeting. Ludlow Griscom’s
article on Field Identifications, which appeared in the Janu-

63

ary, 1922, Auk, read by the Secretary. Eighteen members
present.

March 27, 1922. Regular meeting. Laurence B. Fletcher,
secretary of the recently formed New England Bird-Banding
Association, spoke on the subject of Banding. Twenty-four
members present.

April 10, 1922. Regular meeting. T. E. Pennard gave
an illustrated talk on a recent trip to Dutch Guiana, and
exhibited many skins of birds peculiar to that country.
Twenty-five members present.

April 24, 1922. Regular meeting. Voted to hold the
Ipswich River Bird Trip on May 20-21. Evening devoted
to migration and field notes and general discussions.
Eighteen members present.

May 8, 1922. Regular meeting. R. A. Nichols told of
his recent trip to Egypt and the Continent. Thirty-one
members present.

May 22, 1922. Regular meeting. Members given a half-
hour's opportunity to look over the specimens in the Mu¬
seum's collection. Report of the Ipswich River Bird Trip
read by the Secretary and discussed. General subject of
field identifications discussed. Twenty-four members
present.

/ -

June 12, 1922. Regular meeting. Dr. C. W. Townsend
gave an illustrated talk on a trip along the Labrador coast.
Thirty members present.

August 28, 1922. Special meeting. S. Prentiss Baldwin,
of Cleveland, Ohio, described some of his adventures in bird
banding. Twenty-nine members present.

September 11, 1922. Regular meeting. A. P. Morse read
parts from a Bulletin of the U. S. Department of Agricul¬
ture relative to injury done the shell-fish industry by water-
fowl. A. P. Stubbs read a paper on Identification of Birds
by Song. Seventeen members present.

64

I

October 9, 1922. Regular meeting. Field notes and gen¬
eral discussions. Twelve members present.

November 13, 1922. Regular meeting. Laurence B.
Fletcher told of what had been accomplished by the New
England Bird-Banding Association to date and read many
of the more interesting records. He also touched on what
had been accomplished by foreign associations interested
in the same work. Officers nominated for 1923. R. A.
Nichols presented the Club with a number of specimens
from the collection of a Mr. Swasey of Newburyport.
Twenty-three members present.

December 11, 1922. Regular meeting. Annual meeting
of the Club. Officers for 1923 elected. Dr. C. W. Townsend
gave an account of last summer’s trip along the northern
shore of the Gaspe Peninsular, which was illustrated by
many lantern slides. Twenty-six members present.

65

LIST OF MEMBERS OF

THE ESSEX COUNTY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB

OF MASSACHUSETTS.

Bates, Walter E.,

Baker, Alfred,

Beckford, Arthur W.,
Benson, Frank W.,

Benson, George E.,
Berryman, Francis,

Bosson, Campbell,

Brown, Everett B.,

Brown, Sumner F.,

Bruley, Roger S.,

Bushby, Fred W.,

Chase, Charles E.,

Cousins, Willard C.,
Cushing, Milton L.,
Donaldson, Maj. George C.,
Dwyer, Elmer,

Emilio, S. Gilbert,

Fanning, Dr. Walter G.,
Felt, George R.,

Fletcher, Hugh F.,

279 Essex 'St., Lynn.
39 Clement Avenue, Peabody.

10 Park Street, Danvers.
46 Washington Square, Salem.
46 Washington Square, Salem.
17 Stevens Street, Peabody.
19 Brewster Street, Cambridge.
266 South Common Street, Lynn.
63 Washington Ave., N. Cambridge.

64 Centre Street, Danvers.
17 Washington Street, Peabody.

31 Euclid Avenue, Lynn.
8 Sargent Street, Hanover, N. H.

Fitchburg, Mass.
Fort Haines, Alaska.
34 Maple Street, Lynn.
156 Hobart Street, Danvers.
2 Hunt Street, Danvers.
71 Main Street, Peabody.

32 Jackson Street, Lynn.

Fletcher, Laurence B.,

50 Congress Street, Boston (Room 940).

Fowler, Albert B.,
Gifford, Lawrence,
Gifford, Morris P.
Goodale, Loring B.,
Goodridge, J. W.,
Griffin, B. S.,
Hubon, William P.,
Ingraham, Phocion,

111 Locust Street, Danvers.
63 Federal Street,, Salem.
63 Federal Street, Salem.
1 Pope’s Lane, Danvers.
Walnut Street, South Hamilton.
22 Currier Avenue, Haverhill.
25 Flint Street, Salem.
235 Lowell Street, Peabody.

66

Jones, Gardner M.,
Kelley, Mark E.,
Lawson, Ralph,

Little, David M.,

Little, Philip,

Long, Harry V.,

Lord, J. Anderson,
Mackintosh, Richards B.,
McNeill, David C.,
McNeill,’ Ralph H.,
Means, Robert W.,

Moon, Wilbur D.,

Morgan, Rev. Garfield,
Morley, Arthur,
Morrison, Alva,

Morse, Albert P.,

Morse, Prof. Edward S.,
Morse, Frank E.,
Moulton,, Charles E.,
Newell, Frank F.,
Newhall, Milo A.,
Nichols, Frederick M.,
Nichols, Rodman A.,
Osborne, Arthur A.,
Perkins, Porter J.,
Phelan, Joseph C.,
Phillips, Dr. John C.,
Porter, Willard B.,
Preston, Charles H.,
Proctor, George N.,
Robinson, John, Jr.,
Ropes, Willis H.,

Sanders, Richard D.,
Sears, Judge George B.,

c/o Salem Public Library, Salem.
52 Sutton Street, Peabody.
88 Washington Square, Salem.
27 Chestnut Street, Salem.
10 Chestnut Street, Salem.
260 Clarendon Street, Boston.
13 Ash Street, Danvers.
131 High Street, Danvers.
33 Beckford Street, Beverly.
14 Mason Street, Beverly.
40 Haskell Street, Beverly Farms.

46 Maple Street, Lynn.
205 Western Avenue, East Lynn.
18 Minerva Street, Swampscott.
35 Congress Street, Boston.
16 Upland Road, Wellesley.
12 Linden Street, Salem.
Steinert Hall, Boston.
72 Maple Street, Lynn.
47 Summit Ave., Salem.
Temple Court, Salem.
13 Essex Court, Lynn.
27 Broad Street, Salem.
183 Lowell Street,, Peabody.
128 Burley Street, Danvers.
16 Peirce Road, Lynn.
“Windyknob,” Wenham.
4 Mason Street, Salem.

42 Preston Street, Danvers.
35 Congress Street, Boston.

18 Summer Street, Salem.
252 Locust Street, Danvers.

43 Chestnut Street, Salem.
37 Cherry Street, Danvers.

Smith, Fred A., Essex Agricultural School, Hathorne.
Spofford, Charles A., 23 Elm Street, Danvers.

Stockbridge, David L., 112 Center Street, Danvers.

Stoddard, Walter P., 197 Eutaw Avenue, East Lynn.

Stubbs, Arthur P., 53 Webster Street, Lynn.

67

Taylor, Arthur W.,
Teel, George M.,
Tenney, Ward M.,
Tortat, William R. M.,

24 y2 Briggs Street, Salem.
50 Pickering Street, Danvers.

Ipswich, Mass.
5 Perkins Street, Peabody.
Townsend, Dr. Charles W.,, 98 Pinckney Street, Boston.
Walcott, Robert, 152 Brattle Street, Cambridge.

Whitney, Charles F., 29 Pine Street, Danvers.

Whittle, Charles L., 50 Congress Street, Boston.

Wilkinson, Robert Howard, Hamilton, Mass.

Wilson, Frank H., 23 Appleton Street, Salem.

Corresponding Members.

Brown, C. Emerson, 1829 Green St., Philadelphia, Penn.
Spalding, Frederic P., 1016 Middlesex Street, Lowell.

68

PUBLICATIONS of the

ESSEX COUNTY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB

BULLETIN 1919 - Price 75 Cents
BULLETIN 1920 . Price 75 Cents

BULLETIN 1921 - Price 75 Cents

BULLETIN 1922 - Price 50 Cents

Check List of the Birds of Essex County - Price 10 Cents
Revised Check List - Price 25 Cents

The above may be obtained from Ralph Lawson, Secretary, 88 Washington
Square, Salem, Mass.

Send checks or money orders payable to Ralph Lawson, Secretary.

NEWCOMB & GAUSS, PRINTERS, SALEM , MASS.

69

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