OF THE PAGE Officers - - - - ... 2 Foreword - - - . - - - 3 Great Black-backed Gull Breeding Means and Eaton 4 Ipswich River Bird Trip - Ralph Lawson 1 The Shooting Season of 1931 - Edward Babson 10 A 1 ,i«* of the Birds of Essex Co. Stubbs and Emilio 1 3 * PAGE The Desertion of the Heronries C. W. Townsend 53 Plum Island Wild Life Reservation L. B. Fletcher 54 Annotated List of Birds Observed, 1931 A. P. Stubbs 56 “Around the Big Table” - - - - 62 Club Calendar for 1 93 1 - - - - 68 List of Members for 1 93 1 - - - 69 . ‘ . A at* ^ k.w • - • v- • ■ •• • • • . - - • , • • : * . . ; • ' • . £ - •• . r, "* * ^ir l- v ? • , ' -y . . V* /.* VTf.iL.r .VfV- ..•* •-'v ;V. ' ■ . ; • . - ’ ' ' •• • .. "• ■ ‘ <• • f- ' • 7T*- -• . : •.■*-**. . '-I.:'.:*,-. jT r ' . - - • • . ■ .. . 1 . • ' ’ • • > ■ - - . . ■ • - . 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Stubbs 1 Addison Avenue Lynn, Massachusetts Council, the Officers and the following John M. Raymond Arthur W. Taylor Charles W. Townsend BULLETIN OF THE ESSEX COUNTY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB OF MASSACHUSETTS Salem, Massachusetts ISSUED ANNUALLY EDITORIAL COMMITTEE S. Gilbert Emilio Ralph Lawson Albert P. Morse Arthur P. Stubbs DECEMBER, 1931 SALEM, MASS. Number 13 FOREWORD The year 1931 has been reasonably satisfactory. Some prog¬ ress has been made due to considerable activity afield and the evening meetings have been interesting and fairly well attended. The twenty-fifth annual Ipswich River Trip was made under fine weather conditions and a goodly number of species recorded. The membership has been maintained, in spite of the severe depression in the business world, at about the level of recent years which is close to our limit. Something of a problem still exists due to the decline in the use of the Club Camp but as there is still a strong sentiment that it be retained a satisfactory arrangement will undoubtedly be reached. Our records of migration and occurrence are growing in volume due to the activity of some of our members and the care¬ ful work of our Recorder, Mr. Stubbs, who has given generously of his time and effort. The more general use of the automobile in recent years has resulted in a better coverage of our interesting and varied County and our frequent censuses are, perhaps, more truly representative of the local bird life than heretofore. Very substantial financial assistance from the Trustees of the Peabody Museum of Salem, (our home for many years) has made possible the issuance of this number without radical reduc¬ tion in size. 3 4 Bulletin of the 1931 GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL, (Larus mar inns L.), BREEDING IN ESSE X COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS William Gordon Means and Richard J. Eaton The recent discovery of a breeding pair of Great Black-backed Gulls in Essex County is sufficiently interesting to justify a note in the Bulletin on the subject. A more formal record of this occurrence appeared in “The Auk,” October, 1931. According to reliable eye-witnesses, a strong colony of Common Terns formerly bred on one or two rocky islands off the North Shore, but was completely broken up well before the end of the nineteenth century by plumage dealers and egg hunters. After a lapse of thirty years or more, sea fowl have returned to the vicinity for breeding purposes, the newcomers being Herring Gulls instead of Terns. In 1926, the junior author had suspected that Herring Gulls in limited numbers were nesting on Egg Rock, Manchester, but an opportunity to verify the fact did not arise until the summer of 1928. Despite a rather heavy swell, Mr. Charles Hopkinson succeeded in landing him on the Rock from a small sailing skiff. A hasty search revealed about twenty deserted nests. There were perhaps a score of fully grown juvenile gulls swimming in the surrounding waters, some of which they were able to run down and band. In June of the following year, with Dr. Henry C. Stetson as skipper, Eaton made a survey of all the islands between Marble¬ head and the tip of Cape Ann. The Egg Rock colony had in¬ creased to at least one hundred nesting pairs. Strong breeding colonies were also found on the two Gooseberry Islands, Salem. Later in the month we conducted systematic banding operations with the assistance of Mr. E. F. Williams and others, a program which we repeated in 1930 and again in 1931. Generally speaking, the colonies appear to thrive, although the Egg Rock gulls were less numerous this year than last. On July 7 we banded about three hundred juvenile Herring Gulls on the two Gooseberry Islands, as compared with two hundred in 1930. While we were working on North Gooseberry Island our attention was attracted by cries differing in pitch from those of the Herring Gulls circling overhead. To our surprise we dis¬ covered that they were uttered by two excited Black-backed Gulls. In a few minutes we captured a well grown juvenile Black-backed Gull. It was easily differentiated from the other young gulls by its larger size, thicker bill, lighter brown back conspicuously “marbled” with whitish-edged feathers, and by its tail broadly banded with brown, leaving a white margin at the tip Essex County Ornithological Club 5 about one-half inch wide. Not wishing to collect the bird without more information regarding the breeding range of the species, we banded and released it. The status of the Great Black-backed Gull in Atlantic North America was promptly investigated at the Museum of Compara¬ tive Zoology, Cambridge. No breeding record south of Nova Scotia was discovered. According to Messrs. Peters and Griscom we had reported the first known breeding occurrence of this gull in the United States. Obviously, such an important range exten¬ sion should be supported by an authentic specimen. Accordingly, Means collected the bird on July 9, a male, probably about five weeks old. He reported no difficulty in finding it again, as one of the parent birds was sitting beside it on the edge of the cliff while he approached the island in his skiff. The specimen has been mounted and placed in the Essex County collection of the Peabody Museum, Salem. In view of our find in Essex County, it seemed logical to suspect that breeding Black-backs might have been noted this summer elsewhere in New England. Correspondence developed the fact that Mr. Samuel A. Eliot, Jr. of Northampton and Mr. Arthur H. Norton of Portland, Maine, independently observed perhaps a dozen breeding pairs scattered along the Maine coast in 1931. In “The Auk,” October, 1931, Mr. Norton published an account of his own observations, giving an interesting biblio¬ graphical analysis of the question. He made a convincing at¬ tempt to show that for the first time in at least one hundred years a definite southward extension of the breeding range of the species into New England waters has occurred in the recent past, perhaps in 1931. It is impossible, of course, to determine what may have been its primeval breeding range, but in lieu of definite evidence to the contrary, it seems wise to assume that the Black-back is now re¬ occupying its ancient breeding stations which probably corre¬ sponded rather closely with those of the Herring Gull. In this connection it may be of interest to observe that according to Dr. John B. May there is some evidence that a pair of L. marinus may have bred on Muskeget Island last summer. This station is near the southerly limit of the breeding range of the Herring Gull at the present time and in all probability for all time, at least in so far as North America is concerned. The southward extension of breeding colonies of gulls in recent years is probably due to an increase in numbers and a re¬ sultant overcrowding of the more northern rookeries. With care¬ ful protection, other species of sea fowl may find that Massachu¬ setts waters are safe breeding grounds. Certainly, a strong effort should be made to encourage the tendency of gulls and terns to 6 Bulletin of the 1931 return to their former nesting places. It is apparent that they will ignore human neighbors to a surprising degree, provided their immediate territory is unmolested. To be sure, these birds are becoming a great nuisance to yachtsmen and others who dislike their untidy habits. Even so, gulls in particular are efficient scavengers and must dispose of immense quantities of floating garbage which otherwise would foul our beaches and harbors to an offensive degree. It would seem highly desirable to convert all the small uninhabited rocks and islands along the North Shore into sanctuaries, just as has been done in the case of Milk Island off Cape Ann. Essex County Ornithological Club 7 IPSWICH RIVER BIRD TRIP Ralph Lawson Our trip of the current year, 1931, was the twenty- fifth annual, thereby marking the completion of a quarter of a century of these interesting and enjoyable expeditions. The total list of species observed during this time numbers 164, which fact stamps the valley of the Ipswich as an exceedingly favorable field for observations during the third quarter of May, it having all the advantages of a varied terrain and affording an opportunity to observe sea and shore birds near its mouth. The largest year’s list came in 1930 with a total of 114 species and the smallest was in 1910 when only 67 were recorded, but in those early years there were only a dozen or fewer observers and the trips did not extend to the river mouth. It should be recorded also that the 1910 trip was made in a driving north-east rain storm and the start had to be postponed from Saturday noon to Sunday morning, Saturday night being spent in a camp near our starting point at Howe Station. Of the 164 species recorded, 50 have appeared on every trip and six additional every year but two. A total of sixty-five species have been identified on four-fifths of these expeditions and have probably been present within the prescribed area on all occasions despite late and early seasons. It is also interesting to note that 21 species have been re¬ corded but once and a total of 42 have been seen on but five, or fewer, trips. It will be interesting to follow these growing records and to speculate on the probable total list of species twenty-five years hence. The fact that three new species were seen this year shows that there still are numerous possibilities and the moder¬ ately large variation from year to year insures a continuation of the interest to us all. After some consideration of the fore-going we are tempted to ask ourselves “what of it?”, and we confess to a rather hazy idea of some ornithological value if records are continued long enough. But, be that as it may, we, who have been on most of these trips, have made priceless friendships and treasure memories which we shall have always. The sum total of ornithological knowledge which we all have gained on these trips alone is undoubtedly very great, for we must take into account the exchanges of ideas and experiences which have been made while paddling in our canoes and sitting around camp fires. Our only regret is that all who would enjoy an Ipswich River Bird Trip cannot be with us each year and we hope that those who are really interested in birds will make themselves known and give us the pleasure of their com¬ pany should this expedition appeal to them. Our only rule is that 8 Bulletin of the 1931 one must know how to swim. The necessity of this will be at¬ tested by a small and select group known as Ornithorhynchi. The 1931 Trip was made on May 16 and 17. Saturday was warm with a strong south-west wind which brought one shower, but Sunday was nearly perfect with the wind north-west and brilliant sunshine. Saturday night was ideal for our camp under the “Pines” and the usual camp-fire with stories and songs was left only with great reluctance. Late winter and early spring of 1931 were abnormally warm but for a month prior to the trip the temperature had averaged about normal and the foliage in the river valley was only nor¬ mally advanced. The river was fairly high due to a cold rairty week which had immediately preceded the trip. This combina¬ tion of circumstances seemed to account for the relative scarcity of all the species recorded. Although twenty kinds of warblers were listed, the Wilson’s was our rarest migrant. The species never before recorded on these trips were the Canada Goose, Hudsonian Curlew and Duck Hawk. The curlews were particularly notable because shore-birds as a whole were most conspicuously absent. Our most astonishing miss was the Scarlet Tanager. The 1931 list follows: A.O.U. NO. 51 Herring Gull A.O.U. NO. 339 Red-shouldered Hawk 130 Red-breasted Merganser 343 Broad-winged Hawk 133 Black Duck 356a Duck Hawk 144 Wood Duck 360 Sparrow Hawk 172 Canada Goose 364 Osprey 190 American Bittern 388 Black-billed Cuckoo 201 Green Heron 390 Belted Kingfisher 202 Black-crowned Night Heron 393 Hairy Woodpecker 212 Virginia Rail 394c Downy Woodpecker 214 Sora 412a Northern Flicker 228 Woodcock 417 Whip-poor-will 242 Least Sandpiper 423 Chimney Swift 246 Semipalmated Sandpiper 428 Ruby-throated Hummingbird 254 Greater Yellow-legs 444 Kingbird 256 Solitary Sandpiper 452 Crested Flycatcher 263 Spotted Sandpiper 456 Phoebe 265 Hudsonian Curlew 467 Least Flycatcher 270 Black-bellied Plover 477 Blue Jay 273 Killdeer 488 American Crow 274 Semipalmated Plover 493 Starling 283a Ruddy Turnstone 494 Bobolink 300 Ruffed Grouse 495 Cowbird 306 Ring-necked Pheasant 498 Red-winged Blackbird 316 Mourning Dove 501 Meadowlark 331 Marsh Hawk 507 Baltimore Oriole 332 Sharp-shinned Hawk 509 Rusty Blackbird 333 Cooper’s Hawk 511b Bronzed Grackle Essex County Ornithological Club 9 A.O.U. NO. 517 Purple Finch English Sparrow 529 American Goldfinch 540 Vesper Sparrow 542a Savannah Sparrow 558 White-throated Sparrow 560 Chipping Sparrow 563 Field Sparrow 581 Song Sparrow 584 Swamp Sparrow 587 Towhee 595 Rose-breasted Grosbeak 598 Indigo Bunting 611 Purple Martin 612 Cliff Swallow 613 Bam Swallow 614 Tree Swallow 616 Bank Swallow 619 Cedar Waxwing 624 Red-eyed Vireo 628 Yellow-throated Vireo 636 Black and White Warbler 642 Golden-winged Warbler 645 Nashville Warbler 648a Northern Parula Warbler 652 Yellow Warbler 654 Black-throated Blue Warbler A.O.U. NO. 655 Myrtle Warbler 657 Magnolia Warbler 659 Chestnut-sided Warbler 661 Black-poll Warbler 662 Blackburnian Warbler 667 Black-throated Green Warbler 67 1 Pine Warbler 673 Prairie Warbler 674 Oven-bird 675 Water-Thrush 681 Maryland Yellow-throat 685 Wilson’s Warbler 686 Canada Warbler 687 American Redstart 704 Catbird 705 Brown Thrasher 721 House Wren 724 Short-billed Marsh Wren 725 Long-billed Marsh Wren 727 White-breasted Nuthatch 735 Chickadee 755 Wood Thrush 756 Veery 758a Olive-backed Thrush 759b Hermit Thrush 761 Robin 766 Bluebird 10 Bulletin of the 1931 THE SHOOTING SEASON OF 1931 IN ESSEX COUNTY Edward Babson In many respects the 1931 shooting season proved to be slightly better than the two seasons preceding it. It was also a very difficult one to summarize accurately. The rotation of the various seasons prescribed for hunting waterfowl and upland game birds served to intensify the pursuit of each, and this resulted in sending a horde of gunners afield, whose aggregate bag exceeded the usual one. The inroads made upon a diminishing stock of wild-life is a truly serious one to contemplate. The status of such species as the Ruffed Grouse and Woodcock is a precarious one. In other years the prior opening of the waterfowl season kept a great many more devotees of that sport from hunting upland game so much. The insatiable desire of most gunners to get in form afield as soon as it is possible to do so is responsible for this. The shortened season on waterfowl likewise intensified the pur¬ suit of those species of game. Many more Pheasants were killed hereabouts the last season than for eight years, and this was primarily due to a new policy of part distribution and stocking of covers prior to the opening of the shooting season, instead of the spring stocking with adult wintered birds which has-been exclusively in vogue for a number of recent years. This is a commendable policy, for in years when there is a poor breeding season (the 1931 season was cold and wet during June) it affords something for gunners to hunt for, thus relieving the strain on other species of game that cannot be successfully propagated by game breeders. And these others, including our rabbits and hares, are sure to be affected by adverse breeding conditions. May and June had a lot of cold, wet and unseasonable weather with consequent poor breeding results. I found several nests full of baby Robins that had been killed by these conditions during that period, and also had other similar cases called to my attention. While the usual number of Upland Plover returned to their local breeding grounds last spring and nested, seven straight days of rain in June flooded the entire area, even covering the road in that locality to a depth of about half a foot, and during this period I saw the adults disconsolately sitting atop fence and telephone posts there. I failed to find a brood of young Upland Plover last summer as a result of that, although the Killdeer Plovers bred later and were more numerous than ever. There are fewer rabbits in our covers now than I have ever known of there being before, and it is a question whether it was Essex County Ornithological Club 11 this unsuitable breeding weather, disease, over hunting or acci¬ dental killing by automobiles that is responsible for this result. Probably it was the combination of the whole, including the in¬ crease in vermin, now that all trapping has been forced to stop by adoption of the Anti Steel Trap Law. There was a slight increase in the numbers of Black Ducks breeding hereabouts this year over that of the past three years. Wood Ducks were not as plentiful, either during the breeding or migration periods, as they were the year before. Both of these native-bred species had migrated south before our duck-shooting season opened this year. There was an apparent dearth of migrating ducks hereabouts in September, where in other recent years certain favorable areas have held many of them until the shooting season opened on them. With the alternate open seasons prescribed for waterfowl opening in states just north of us, there was a heavy concentration of ducks here during October. The season prescribed for taking them in this state was the month of November, and when the season opened here fewer ducks and geese were killed on the opening day, and during the whole open season, than have usually been taken during the same period when longer shooting seasons prevailed. Duck hunters complained bitterly about the shortening of the shooting season and the one selected for this state, and seeing the October concentration of ducks here, argued that there was no scarcity, that ducks were more plentiful than ever. A certain rank injustice was done the coot (scoter) shooter in select¬ ing November as the open season on ducks in this state, for it is only on the flight of these birds, which is considered passed by October 25th, that their sport depends. Within a few days after our duck shooting season opened ducks were at once scarce again, and some of the same hunters who had assured me that there was an abundance of ducks began complaining about their scarcity and the difficulty of getting them within gun-range of live decoys, stands or sneak floats. A liberal education has been accorded , these ducks all along the route of their migration and they have learned to feed by night, sleep by day far at sea, and in flight to fly high and avoid gunners. With the closing of the duck-shooting season in this state on November 30th another concentration of ducks occurred here¬ abouts and the mildness of the present winter has held many of them here. The exact status of our ducks and geese has been very hard to estimate this year. The extremely mild weather, lack of easterly winds and rotating shooting seasons have served to re¬ tard the normal migrations and caused concentrations here, as elsewhere, that are liable to lead to erroneous conclusions. 12 Bulletin of the 1931 The spring flight of Winter Yellow-legs was much larger than any I ever saw before, and while the fall flight never is as heavy as the spring flight, it certainly increased in numbers too. The flight of Summer Yellow-legs showed a decided increase in num¬ bers over recent years. Black-breasted and Galden Plover were also much more numerous. Jack Curlew again appeared in increasing numbers. Dowitchers out-numbered the peeps on Joppa Flats this summer, and have shown the most remarkable increase of all shore-birds. Quail are becoming more common hereabouts each year, and though the breeding season was a most unfavorable one for them, several fair-sized bevies were observed. No serious snow storms have occurred here this winter to endanger them. Nevertheless, I have taken the precaution of feeding two bevies I was so fortunate as to locate in case just such an emergency should require it. Jacksnipe were not as plentiful as usual, although the condi¬ tion of their feeding grounds seemed more favorable for them than the drought of the previous season had made them. Woodcock were likewise not as plentiful here as in the past two years, when, seemingly, the dryness of those years should have been more unfavorable for them. Essex County Ornithological Club 13 A LIST OF THE BIRDS OF ESSEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS A. P. Stubbs and S. G. Emilio Nearly twelve years have elapsed since Dr. C. W. Townsend published his “Supplement to the Birds of Essex County, Massachusetts’- 1 and nearly ten since the second of two brief lists for field use was issued by the Club. In this period there has been constant and increasing activity afield, especially since the advent of Mr. Ludlow Griscom, now, and for some years past, Research Curator at the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Each year our Recorder, Mr. Stubbs, has set forth in these pages an annotated list of the birds observed by members of the Club. And finally there has appeared a new A. 0. U. Check List of North American birds, with a radically revised systematic order, many changes in nomenclature and official recognition of a number of new races. Under the circumstances the time seems opportune for pre¬ senting a list, which summarizes briefly our present knowledge of the numerical status and periods of occurrence of the forms com¬ prising our local avifauna, in the new systematic order. We have followed also the nomenclature of the new or fourth edition of the A. 0. U. List (except for the Snow Geese) and appended occa¬ sional footnotes indicating a few of the more or less radical differ¬ ences of opinion among ornithologists. The A. 0. U. numbers are placed in the same relative position as in the new Check List, — after the names, but without brackets. It is manifestly impossible to ascribe to each, or any, form a precise numerical degree of abundance and it is difficult even to place the birds in groupings satisfactory to everybody. Exactly where “rare” leaves off and “common” begins cannot be determined other than arbitrarily. We have sought to simplify groupings, preferring a few to many, with a corresponding decrease in the number of arbitrary division lines between groups. Broadly speaking, accidental, casual and occasional are synonymous but we have ventured to use them to indicate some¬ what different degrees of abundance in the forms characterized by them. “Accidental”, we usually restrict to those birds whose normal range is more or less remote from this region. “Casual”, is used generally to signify an out-of-season occurrence and some¬ times is applied to forms which more nearly include this territory in their normal range and hence may be expected to appear more frequently than accidentals. “Occasional”, we use to indicate a 14 Bulletin of the 1931 'frequency of occurrence somewhat greater than the preceding and closely approaching “rare and very irregular”. It emphasizes irregularity. We have endeavored to give in each instance the date, the observer, the place and the number of birds observed in excess of one. Many dates, however, are taken from Townsend’s “Birds of Essex County”, 1905, and the “Supplement”, 1920. Refer¬ ences thereto appear as T. 1905 and T. 1920, respectively. In addition, many incomplete Essex County records have appeared during the last thirteen years in the “Bulletins” and “Items of Interest” printed on mimeographed sheets emanating from the office of the State Ornithologist, the late Mr. E. H. Forbush and his successor Dr. J. B. May. Reference to these is given as Forbush (or Dr. May) “Bulletin” (or “Items”) XYZ. In only a few instances have we relied on these incomplete records for extreme dates and have chosen to use them rather to supplement our Club data. The pages of “The Auk” and “Bird Lore” also have been searched for records of local observations or captures and we have corresponded to some extent with individuals not members of our Club. What may be termed normal extreme dates of occurrence are given for convenience in black-faced type. Occasionally a still more extreme date appears set off by a parenthesis. This is an abnormal extreme and indicates that we have no figures whatever falling between the normal and abnormal dates. This is in con¬ trast to the normal extreme which is the first or last of a reason¬ ably close series of dates of occurrence. In the main list there have been appended to the commoner species “usual” dates giving the approximate periods during which the bird is usually present in numbers. An observer may never equal or even approach many of the extreme dates given but he should easily find these commoner species nearly every year throughout the periods included in the “usual” dates. We have thought it unnecessary to give the initials of ob¬ servers whose full names appear in the List of Members in this Bulletin, except when two have the same surname. The main list contains all the known extant regular visitants to this County, which, incidentally, has an area of about four hundred square miles, and only such casuals and accidentals as are, or have been, represented by specimens secured in the County. We feel that this area, though small, is sufficiently large and diverse and has been searched enough to make adherence to this standard reasonable. In any event, we do not presume to pass judgment on sight records of primal occurrence here of rare birds and prefer to follow the wholly arbitrary but entirely fair, practi¬ cal and not unscientific plan of accepting no such sight records, Essex County Ornithological Club 15 however credible they may be, in listing the birds of this County. The supplementary list, however, contains the forms more or less credibly reported which have never yielded a specimen and in addition it contains the extirpated and extinct forms of the local avifauna. Errors and omissions we hope are few and we trust that we may be informed of them. A faunal list is never complete. Already several new County records have been made subsequent to January 1, 1932, but we choose to consider that date the limit and include nothing later. Messrs. Albert P. Morse and Ludlow Griscom have read and corrected the manuscript most painstakingly and we wish to ex¬ press our thanks for and appreciations of this kindness and much helpful advice. The list of three hundred and thirty-six plus twenty-nine supplementary forms follows. COMMON LOON — Gavia i. immer (Briinnich). 7. Common migrant; less common winter visitant. Sept. 1, T. 1905, to June 9, ’29, Townsend, Ipswich. Casual in summer, T. 1905 and G. M. Bubier, July 16 et seq., 1911, Nahant; etc. Usual, Sept. 10-June 1. RED-THROATED LOON — Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan). 11. Common migrant; much less common winter visitant. Sept. 14, ’29, Dr. May “Items”, Cl, Nahant, two; Sept. 23, ’25, Stubbs, Nahant, six, to May 29, ’27, Emilio, Ipswich. Casual in summer, T. 1905, and T. 1920. Usual, Oct. 15-May 1. IJOLBOELL’S GREBE — Colymbus grisegena holboelli (Rein¬ hardt). 2. Irregularly common migrant and winter visitant. Sept. 8, ’21, J. W. Goodridge, Ipswich;) Oct. 10, ’26, Stubbs, Nahant, to May 24, T. 1905. Usual, Oct. 15-May 1. HORNED GREBE — Colymbus auritus Linnaeus. 3. Common migrant and winter visitant. Sept. 4, ’20, J. W. Goodridge, Ipswich;) Oct. 5, ’29, Townsend, Ipswich, to June 5, ’ll, Stubbs, Nahant, six. Casual in summer, July 10, ’16, Aug. 16, ’28, Stubbs, Lynn and Ipswich. Usual, Oct. 10- May 5. PIED-BILLED GREBE — Podilymbus p. podiceps (Linnaeus). 6. Common fall migrant; rare summer resident. Mch. 24, ’29, Emilio, Topsfield, to Dec. 1, T. 1905. Usual, Sept. 25- Nov. 10. SOOTY SHEARWATER —Puffinus griseus (Gmelin). 95. Uncommon and irregular offshore summer visitant. March? 1879, Nahant, specimen B. S. N. H.;) May 29, ’16, C. R. Lamb, Rockport, shot, to Aug. 19, ’ 13, Townsend, Ipswich. 16 Bulletin of the 1931 GREATER SHEARWATER — Puffinus gravis (O’Reilly). 89. Offshore migrant and summer visitant, relative abundance unknown. May 2, Forbush, 1925, to Oct. 12, T. 1905. LEACH’S PETREL — Oceanodroma l. leucorhoa (Vieillot). 106. Uncommon offshore migrant. Apr. 19, T9, Forbush “Bulletin” XVI, to June 21, ’03, Townsend, Ipswich. Sept. 4, T. 1920, to Oct. 16, ’87, Damsell, Amesbury; (Dec. 26, ’08, Miss E. D. Boardinan and Mrs. L. E.‘ Bridge, Nahant, bird found dead on beach. WILSON’S PETREL —Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl). 109. Common offshore summer visitant. June 1, ’14, C. R. Lamb, Rockport, abundant, to Sept. 23, T. 1905. WHITE PELICAN — Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin. 125. Accidental from the South. One record only. 1886, Glou¬ cester, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. GANNET — Moris bassana (Linnaeus). 117. Uncommon spring and common fall migrant. Mch. 26, T. 1905, to June 11, ’22, Townsend, Ipswich. Aug. 28, T. 1905, to Dec. 27, ’31, Griscom et al., Rockport, three. Usual, Apr. 20-May 20. Sept. 10-Nov. 1. EUROPEAN CORMORANT — Phalacrocorax c.carbo (Linnaeus). 119. Locally common winter resident. Sept. 2, ’21, A. B. Fuller, Essex, two;1 Sept. 28, ’30, Emilio and Stubbs, Nahant, one immature, to Apr. 23, ’30, Emilio and Stubbs, Salem Harbor, four. Usual, Nov. 15-Apr. 15. DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT — Phalacrocorax a. auritus (Lesson). 120. Common migrant. Apr. 4, T. 1905, to June 26, TO, Townsend, Essex River. July 6, ’ 28, Townsend, Ipswich, three, to Nov. 24, T. 1905; (Dec 22, ’29, Griscom et al., Manchester. Usual, Apr. 25-May 30. Aug. 20-Nov. 1. GREAT BLUE HERON — Ardea h. herodias Linnaeus. 194. Common migrant. Mch. 26, ’22, Emilio, Topsfield, to June 11, T. 1920. July 8, ’ 24, Nichols, to Jan. 1, ’30, G. L. Perry et al., Lynn. Usual, Apr. 10-May 25. Aug. 1-Nov. 15. AMERICAN EGRET — Casmerodius albus egretta (Gmelin). 196. Very rare spring, irregular and uncommon summer visitant. May 5, ’29, Dr. May “Items” XCVII, Ipswich, to May 24, ’94, Newbury, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. July 5, ’30, A. W. Beckford, Ipswich, to Oct. 14, ’78, R. L. Newcomb, Newburyport, two specimens Peab. Mus., Salem; (Nov. 22, ’92, Ipswich, bird mounted by Vickary. 1 The Auk, 1922, p. 425. Essex County Ornithological Club 17 LITTLE BLUE HERON — Florida c. caerulea (Linnaeus). 200. Very rare spring, irregularly common summer visitant. Apr. 25, ’26, Emilio, Ipswich, adult, to May 21, ’25, Phillips, Topsfield, immature. July 17, ’30, C. H. and C. P. Preston, West Newbury, to Oct. 13, ’25, Townsend, Ipswich. EASTERN GREEN HERON — Butorides v. virescens (Linnaeus). 201. Uncommon summer resident. Apr. 20, T. 1920, to Oct. 8, T. 1920. Usual, Apr. 28-Sept. 25. More common in migration. BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON — Nycticorax n. hoactli. (Gmelin). 202. Very common local summer resident. Mch. 19, ’30, Moulton, Lynn, to Nov. 23, ’29, Townsend, Ipswich. A few some-times winter, — ten or more records. Usual, Apr. 10-Nov. 1. YELLOW-CROWNED NIGHT HERON — Nydanassa v. vio- lacea (Linnaeus). 203. Accidental from the South. Five records. Apr. 11, ’28, Townsend, Ipswich, two, to Aug. 4, ’29, Emilio, Ipswich. October, 1862, N. Vickary, Lynn, shot. The 1928 pair nested and reared four young. AMERICAN BITTERN — Botaurus lentiginosus (Montagu). 190. Uncommon summer resident. Mch. 27, ’27, Emilio, Ipswich, to Dec. 16, ’17, Townsend, Ipswich. Usual, Apr. 10-Oct. 20. EASTERN LEAST BITTERN — Ixobrychus e. exilis (Gmelin). 191. Very rare summer resident. May 11, T. 1920, to Sept. 21, ’ 87, Damsell, Amesbury. WHISTLING SWAN — Cygnus columbianus (Ord). 180. Accidental from the West. 1864, Nahant. Nov. 28, ’02, Newbury, six. Dec. 1, ’02, W. H. Vivian, Gloucester, speci¬ men Peab. Mus., Salem. COMMON CANADA GOOSE — Brantac. canadensis (Linnaeus). 172. Verjr common migrant. Mch. 3, ’29, Wilkinson, Ipswich, to June 5, ’95 and ’96, A. F. Tarr, Rockport, flock each date. Sept. 8, ’21, J. W. Goodridge, Ipswich, to winter, T. 1905, numerous dates. Usual, Mch. 20-Apr. 25. Oct. 10- Dec. 10. AMERICAN BRANT — Branta bernicla hrota (Muller). 173a. Uncommon and ver}^ irregular migrant. Large flocks occa¬ sionally seek shelter here from stress of weather. Mch. 20, ’30 Wilkinson, Ipswich, to May 12, T. 1905; (June 15, ’90, W. Brewster et al.f Swampscott. Sept. 12, T. 1905;) Oct. 5, ’29, Townsend, Ipswich, to Dec. 6, ’03, Townsend/ Ipswich, thirty; (Jan. 31-Feb. 2, ’30, Townsend, Ipswich, one. 18 Bulletin of the 1931 WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE — Anser albifrons albifrons (Sco- poli). 171. Accidental from the West. Oct. 5, ’88, Damsell, Salisbury, two shot. PINK-FOOTED GOOSE — Anser brachyrhynchus Baillon. 171.2. Accidental from Europe. Sept. 25, ’24, B. P. P. Moseley, Rowley, specimen B. S. N. H. LESSER SNOW GOOSE — Chen hyperborea (Pallas). 169. Very rare and irregular fall migrant. Oct. 7, ’88, Damsell, Amesbury?, one shot and measured, to Dec. 7, T5, C. E. Clarke, Ipswich, specimen, C. W. Townsend collection. BLUE GOOSE — Chen caerulescens (Linnaeus). 169.1. Accidental from the West. Two records. Oct. 20, ’76, Gloucester, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem; Oct. 26, ’28, Phillips, Wenham, specimen B. S. N. H. SHELD-DUCK — Tadorna tadorna (Linnaeus). 141.2. Accidental from Europe. One record only. Oct. 5, ’21, Capt. Tobey, Gloucester, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. COMMON MALLARD — Anas p. platyrhynchos Linnaeus. 132> Rare migrant. Mch. 27, T. 1905, to May 1, ’04, Townsend? Ipswich. Sept. 4, ’30, Phillips, West Newbury, to Dec. 2* T. 1920;) Jan. 1, ’83, Boxford, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. RED-LEGGED BLACK DUCK — Anas r. rubripes Brewster. 133a. Very common migrant and winter resident. Sept. 21, ’04, J. H. Hardy, to May 13, ’ 30, Griscom. Usual, Oct. 1— Apr. 20. COMMON BLACK DUCK — Anas r. tristis Brewster. 133. Very common migrant; common summer resident; less common winter resident. GAD WALL — Chaulalasm,us streperus (Linnaeus). 135. Very rare migrant. Seven records in last ten years. Oct. 2, 04, Newburyport, specimen C. W. Townsend collection, to Dec. 14, ’30, Griscom et al ., Lynnfield. EUROPEAN WIDGEON — Mareca penelope (Linnaeus). 136. Rare migrant. Sept. 29, ’27, Ipswich, shot,1 to Dec. 29, ’01, Marblehead, specimen Brewster collection. 1 E. C. O. C. Bulletin, 1927, p. 24. BALDPATE — Mareca americana (Gmelin). 137. Uncommon migrant. Mch. 22, T. 1905, to Apr. 27, ’28, Emilio, Ipswich. Sept. 6, T. 1905, to Dec. 4, ’ll, Essex, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem; (Dec. 27, ’31, Griscom et al, Gloucester. AMERICAN PINTAIL — Dafila acida tzitzihoa (Vieillot). 143. Uncommon migrant. Mch. 8, ’01, T. C. Wilson, Ipswich, shot, to Apr. 8, ’25, A. W. Beckford, Essex. Aug. 20, ’21, Essex County Ornithological Club 19 Townsend, Ipswich, to Nov. 25, T. 1905; (Feb. 15, *31, New- buryport, two. January to August, 1924, Lynn, mated with domestic Mallard and a few young were reared. GREEN-WINGED TEAL — Nettion1 carolinense (Gmelin). 139. Uncommon migrant. Mch. 14, ’27. Wilkinson, Ipswich, to May 15, ’26, Emilio et al ., Topsfield. Aug. 20, ’31, Griscom et al., Ipswich, to Dec. 9, T. 1905; (Jan. 8-Mch. 26, T6, Stubbs, Lynn. BLUE-WINGED TEAL — Querquedula discors (Linnaeus). 140. Rare spring and common fall migrant. Mch. 13, ’30, Babson, Newburyport region, to May 7, ’30 Griscom, Ipswich. July 27, ’ll, Mrs. L. E. Bridge, Ipswich, to Nov. 25, T. 1905. Usual, Aug. 20-Oct. 15. SHOVELLER— Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus). 142. Rare migrant. Apr. 1, ’28, Griscom et al., Ipswich, five, to Apr. 7, ’28, Townsend, Ipswich, same five. Sept. 3, ’94, Damsell, Amesbury, to Nov. 7, T. 1905, Essex, two shot; (Dec. 27, ’31, Griscom et al., Gloucester, drake. WOOD DUCK — Aix sponsa (Linnaeus). 144. Uncommon summer resident. Mch. 8, ’21, J. W. Goodridge, Hamilton, to Dec. 16, ’03, Damsell, Amesbury; (Dec. 31, ’31, Emilio, Manchester, drake consorting with domestic Mal¬ lards. Usual, Mch. 25-Oct. 25. REDHEAD — Nyroca americana (Eyton). 146. Rare migrant, very rare in spring. Mch. 6, ’83, Ipswich, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to Apr. 3, ’82, Ipswich, speci¬ men Peab. Mus., Salem. Oct. 4, T. 1905, to Dec. 9, T. 1905. RING-NECKED DUCK — Nyroca collaris (Donovan). 150. Rare migrant. Mch. 28, ’30, Townsend et al., Newburyport, four, to Apr. 20, ’29, Griscom, Ipswich. Sept. 30, ’28, Phillips?, Wenham, two, to Dec. 11, ’24, A. W. Beckford, Essex, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem; (Feb. 19, ’28, Griscom et al., Swampscott; Jan. 21, ’31, Emilio and Stubbs, New¬ buryport, drake. CANVAS-BACK — Nyroca valisineria (Wilson). 147. Rare fall migrant. One spring record. Oct. 6, ’05, Newbury¬ port, shot, to Nov. 23, ’30, Emilio, West Newbury; (Dec. 22, ’25, A. W. Beckford, Essex, shot. Mch. 22-23, ’31, Griscom and Emilio, Newburyport. GREATER SCAUP DUCK — Nyroca marila (Linnaeus). 148. Common migrant and local winter resident. Aug. 2, T. 1920;) Sept. 8, ’21, J. W. Goodridge, Ipswich, to May 22, ’31, Griscom et al., Newburyport. Usual, Oct. 15-Apr. 15. Phillips, Peters and others include Dafila Stephens and Nettion Kaup in Anas Linnaeus. 20 Bulletin of the 1931 LESSER SCAUP DUCK — Nyroca affinis (Eyton). 149. Very rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. Mch. 2, T. 1905, to Apr. 21, T. 1920. Oct. 1, ’25, Phillips?, Wenham, to Dec. 4, ’21, Stubbs, Lynn; (Dec. 27, ’31, Dr. May et al., Gloucester, nine. AMERICAN GOLDEN-EYE — Glaucionetta clangula americana (Bonaparte). 151. Very common winter resident. Sept. 27, ’05, J. L. Saltonstall, Ipswich, shot, to June 1, ’23, Stubbs, Nahant; (Aug. 18, ’12, G. M. Bubier and Aug. 27, ’ll, Townsend, Ipswich. Usual, Nov. 1-Apr. 25. BARROW’S GOLDEN-EYE — Glaucionetta islandica (Gmelin). 152. Very rare but regular winter resident. Nov. 16, ’ 13, T. Ross and G. W. Cobb, Gloucester, male shot, to Apr. 16, ’23, Stubbs, Lynn. BUFFLE-HEAD — Charitonetta 1 albeola (Linnaeus). 153. Uncommon migrant and locally common winter resident. Sept. 1, ’28, Dr. May “Items”, LXNXIX, Ipswich, immature reported seen;) Oct. 4, ’30, “Items” CXIV, Lynn, to May 20, ’28, Griscom; (May 30, ’31, Stubbs, Nahant. Usual, Nov. 1-May 1. OLD-SQUAW — Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus). 154. Very common migrant and common winter resident. Oct. 12, 26, Stubbs, Lynn, specimen, to June 3, ’31, Townsend, Ipswich. Usual, Oct. 15-May 15. EASTERN HARLEQLTIN DUCK — Histrionicus h. histrionicus (Linnaeus). 155. Very rare winter visitant. Four records in last ten years. Nov. 11, ’82, Marblehead, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to Mch. 4, ’28, Griscom, Milk Id., Rockport, drake. AMERICAN EIDER — Somateria mollissima dresseri Sharpe. 160. Rare migrant and winter resident. Sept. 20, ’03, Damsell, Salisbury?, probably shot;) Oct. 12, ’23, Townsend, Ipswich, seven, to Apr. 19, T. 1905; (May 30, ’27, Emilio, Ipswich, drake. KING EIDER — Somateria spectabilis (Linnaeus). 162. Very rare winter visitant. No records in last ten years. Nov. 24, ’85, Marblehead, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to Nov. 29, ’89, Damsell, Amesbury?, young drake shot. WHITE-WINGED SCOTER — Melanitta deglandi (Bonaparte). 165. Abundant migrant; uncommon winter resident. Aug. 20, ’13, Townsend, Ipswich Beach, forty-three, to June 4, T. 1905. Summer, July 17, ’04, Townsend, Ipswich, thirteen. Other records June 28 to Aug. 15; — all non-breeding birds. Usual, Sept. 10-May 20. 1 Phillips, Peters and others combine Glaucionetta and Charitonetta Stejneger, under Bucephala Baird. Essex County Ornithological Club 21 SURF SCOTER — Melanitta perspicillata (Linnaeus). 166. Very common migrant; uncommon winter resident. Sept. 6, ’26, Stubbs, Lynn, to June 9, ’29, Townsend, Ipswich. Summer, July 17, ’04, Townsend, Ipswich, two; July 28, ’25; July 13, ’30, R. J. Eaton, Manchester, five; — all non-breeding birds. Usual, Sept. 20-May 20. AMERICAN SCOTER — Oidemia americana 1 Swainson. 163. Common migrant; rare winter resident. Sept. 8, T. 1905, to May 27, ’28, Griscom, Ipswich. Summer, T. 1905; Forbush 1925; — all non-breeding birds. Usual, Oct. 10-Apr. 25. RUDDY DUCK — Erismatura jamaicensis rubida (Wilson). 167. Very rare spring and common fall migrant. Mch. 12, ’20, Townsend, Ipswich, to Mch. 29, ’30, Griscom. Sept. 5, ’29, Townsend, West Newbury, two, to Dec. 2, ’28, Emilio et al. Lynnfield; (Dec. 21, ’30, Griscom et al., Milk Id., Rockport. Summer, June 21, ’31, Babson, West Newbury, adult with downy young. Usual, Oct. 10-Nov. 15. HOODED MERGANSER — Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnaeus). 131. Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. Mch. 2, ’30, Emilio and Stubbs, Wenham Lake, drake, to Apr. 14, T. 1920. Aug. 18, ’31, Nichols, Peabody;) Sept. 4, ’27, Wilkinson, Rowley, to Dec. 27, ’31, Griscom et al., Gloucester, two drakes. AMERICAN MERGANSER — Mergus merganser americanus Cassin. 129. Common migrant; rare winter resident. Oct. 15, T. 1905, to May 3, ’20, Stubbs, Lynn. Usual, Nov. 1-Dec. 1. Mch. 15-Apr. 15. RED-BREASTED MERGANSER — Mergus serrator Linnaeus. 130. Very common migrant and winter resident. Oct. 1- May 15. Also summer, July 30, ’16, Townsend, Ipswich, two adults and eleven young; numerous additional summer dates of non-breeding birds. TURKEY VULTURE — Cathartes aura septentrionalis Wied. 325. Accidental from the South. Five records. June 10, ’26, Forbush “Items” LXIII, Essex County, to Nov. 16, ’89, Essex, shot, recorded in “The Auk”, by W. Brewster. 1896, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. BLACK VULTURE — Coragyps a. atratus (Meyer). 326. Accidental from southwestward. Nine records. Apr. 5, ’13, Albert Richards, Nahant, shot, to Nov. 12, ’28, Dr. May “Items” XCI, Newburyport. May 12, T6, C. R. Lamb, Rockport, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. 1 Many ornithologists consider the two scoters only subspecifically distinct from the corresponding European birds. If this is so then the American birds should be known as Melanitta fusca deglandi (Bonap.) and Oidemia nigra americana Swainson. 22 Bulletin of the 1931 SWALLOW-TAILED KITE — Elanoides /. forficatus (Linnaeus). 327. Accidental from the South. One record only. Sept. 25, ’82. R. L. Newcomb, West Newbury, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. EASTERN GOSHAWK — Astur atricapillus 1 atricapillus (Wil¬ son). 334. Uncommon and irregular winter visitant. Sept. 28, T. 1920, to Apr. 22, T. 1920; (May 7, ’30, Griscom et al., Ipswich. SHARP-SHINNED HAWK — Accipiter v .2 velox (Wilson). 332. Resident, common only during the spring and fall migrations. COOPER’S HAWK — Accipiter cooperi (Bonaparte). 333. Uncommon summer resident; casual in winter. Apr. 4, ’06, G. M. Bubier, Lynn, to Oct. 28, T. 1920; (Jan., Feb. 10, T. 1905. EASTERN RED-TAILED HAWK — Buteo borealis borealis (Gmelin). 337. Rare migrant and winter resident. Aug. 27, ’25, Stubbs, Peabody;) Oct. 9, ’29, Emilio* and Stubbs, New- buryport, to May 29, ’27, Moulton. Formerly a permanent resident. Not known to have nested recently. NORTHERN RED-SHOULDERED HAWK — Buteo l lineatus (Gmelin). 339. Uncommon permanent resident, much less common in winter. BROAD-WINGED HAWK — Buteo p. platypterus (Vieillot). 343. Uncommon migrant; rare summer resident. Apr. 13, ’28, Townsend, Ipswich, to Oct. 23, ’24, Emilio, Danvers. SWAINSON’S HAWK — Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte. 342. Accidental from the West. Five records. Apr. 5, ’25, Emilio, Salem, to May 29, ’92, Essex, specimen Brewster collection Oct. 28, ’89, R. L. Newcomb, Salem, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. AMERICAN ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK — Buteo lagopus s. johannis (Gmelin). 347a. Uncommon and irregular winter visitant. Sept. 15, ’30, Townsend, Ipswich;) Oct. 12, ’23, Townsend, Ipswich, to May 14, T. 1920; (May 30, ’31, Dr. May “Items” CXXI, Ipswich. GOLDEN EAGLE — Aquila clirysaetos canadensis Linnaeus- 349. Very rare visitant. Five records. Nov. 5, T5, Marble¬ head, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. Earliest record, 1834; latest, Feb. 8, ’31, Emilio et al., Newbury. 1 Peters and others consider the Old and New World Goshawks specifically identical and give the name Astur (or Accipiter) gentilis atricapillus (Wilson) to this bird. 2 Similarly, Accipiter striatus Vieillot of the West Indies is held to be specifically identical with A. velox (Wilson). Velox then should be known as Accipiter striatus velox (Wilson). Essex County Ornithological Club 23 SOUTHERN BALD EAGLE — Haliaeetus l. leucocephalus (Linnaeus). 352. Rare and irregular visitant. Five speci¬ mens 1868-1919, Peab. Mus., Salem. Usually several sight records each year. MARSH HAWK — Circus hudsonius 1 (Linnaeus). 331. Uncommon summer resident, considerably more common in migrations; casual in winter. Mch. 10, *28, Townsend, Ipswich, to Nov. 11, ’31, Emilio, Ipswich; (Jan. 21, T. 1905; Feb. 9, etc. T. 1920. OSPREY — Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (Gmelin). 364. Uncommon migrant. Mch. 26, ’22, V. H. McGuffin, Lynn, to May 31, ’22, Stubbs, Nahant. July 11, T. 1920;) July 31, T. 1905, to Nov. 1, ’31, Griscom et al., West Newbury; (Dec. 15, T. 1920. BLACK GYRFALCON — Falco rusticolus obsoletus Gmelin. 354b. Very rare winter visitant. Nov. 7, ’74, J. J. Gould, Ipswich, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to Mch. 11, ’93, Ipswich, specimen mounted by Vickary. Five records in all. DUCK HAWK — Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte. 356a. Rare migrant, more numerous coastwise. Apr. 15, ’31, Townsend, Ipswich;) May 12, ’07, Townsend, Essex, to June 5, ’21. Townsend, Ipswich. Aug. 17, T. 1920, to Nov. 16, ’24, Emilio, Lynnfield; (Dec. 16, ’06 and Jan. 19, ’13, Townsend, Ipswich. EASTERN PIGEON HAWK — Falco c. columbarius Linnaeus. 357. Uncommon migrant. Mch. 12, T. 1905;) Mch. 28, ’23, Emilio, Danvers, two, to June 4, ’21, Townsend, Ipswich. Aug. 28, ’21 Mackintosh, Plum Id., to Nov. 5, ’08, G. M. Bubier, Ipswich; (Nov. 26, ’16, G. M. Bubier. EASTERN SPARROW HAWK — Falco s. sparverius Linnaeus. 360. Uncommon permanent resident, less common in winter. CANADA SPRUCE GROUSE — Canachites canadensis canace (Linnaeus). 298c. Accidental from the North. One record only. Sept. 1851, bird found by S. Jillson, Gloucester. EASTERN RUFFED GROUSE — Bonasa u. umbellus (Lin¬ naeus). 300. Uncommon permanent resident. Mostly intermediate, umbellus-togata. WILLOW PTARMIGAN — Lagopus l. albus (Gmelin). 301. Accidental from North. One record only. May 10, ’59, Manchester, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. 1 Probably only sub-specifically distinct from the similar European bird, Circus cyaneus (L.) and hence should be known as Circus cyaneus hudsonius (L.) 24 Bulletin of the 1931 EASTERN BOB-WHITE — Colinus v. virginianus (Linnaeus). 289. Very rare permanent resident. Native stock nearly or quite extirpated. RING-NECKED PHEASANT — Phasianus colchicus torquatus Gmelin. 309.1. Common permanent resident. Introduced species. KING RAIL — Pall us e. elegans Aubudon. 208. Very rare and irregular summer and fall visitant, — possibly breeds. Ten records only. July 10, ’94, Salem, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to Nov. 21, 75, G. O. Welch, Nahant, shot. Reported heard in Lynnfield June, 1930 and May 20- 24, 1931. NORTHERN CLAPPER RAIL — Rallus longirostris crepitans Gmelin. 211. Accidental from the South. Three records. Sept. 5, ’08, W. P. Wharton, Ipswich, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to Oct. 20, TO, T. C. Wilson and Phillips, Ipswich, shot. VIRGINIA RAIL — Rallus l. limicola Vieillot. 212. Uncommon summer resident ; casual in early winter. Apr. 6, ’28, Emilio, Danvers, to Oct. 13, T. 1905; (Dec. 3, ’24, Middle- ton and Jan. 17, ’20, Salem, G. M. Teel; Dec. 19, ’22, Emilio, Danvers. SORA — Porzana Carolina (Linnaeus). 214. Common summer resident. Mch. 20, T. 1905;) Apr. 19, ’ll, Bent, U. S. N. M. Bull. 135, Lynn, to Nov. 8, T. 1920. Usual May 1-Oct. 20. YELLOW RAIL — Coturnicops noveboracensis (Gmelin). 215. Very rare spring migrant; rare fall migrant. Apr. 23, ’29, Griscom and Lawson, Danvers, heard, to May 29, ’29, Emilio and Stubbs, heard. Sept. 11, ’21, J. W. Goodridge, Topsfield, to Oct. 13, 77, Newburyport, specimen W. A. Jeffries collection; (Nov. 1, prior to 1923, Goodridge. PURPLE GALLINULE — Ionornis martinica (Linnaeus). 218. Accidental from the South. Six records. Apr. 12, 75, R. Wendel, Rockport, shot, to June ’97, Boxford, two. Oct. ’93, J. W. Pray, West Newbury, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. FLORIDA GALLINULE — Gallinula chloropus cachinnans Bangs. 219. Very rare summer resident; regularly re¬ corded, recently, in fall. Mch. 20, T9, Essex, specimen B. S. N. II.) May 13, ’30, Griscom et al., Danvers, to Oct. 25, 73, Salem, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem; Nov. 1, ’31, Griscom et al ., West Newbury, three. Essex County Ornithological Club 25 AMERICAN COOT — Fulica a. americana Gmelin. 221. Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. Mch. 31, T. 1905, to May 28, ’23, Townsend, Ipswich. Sept. 3, T. 1905, to Dec. 2, *28, Emilio et al., Gloucester. Usual, Sept. 15- Nov. 10. PIPING PLOVER — Charadrius melodus Ord. 277. Uncommon summer resident, coastwise. Mch. 22, ’26, Wilkinson, Ipswich, to Sept. 30, ’25, Emilio, Ipswich; (Oct. 28, T. 1920. SEMIPALMATED PLOVER — Charadrius semipalmatus Bona¬ parte. 274. Uncommon spring and very common fall migrant. May 7, T. 1905, to June 14, T. 1905; (June 26, T. 1905; June 30, T8, Townsend, Ipswich, three. July 12, T. 1920, to Oct. 28, *28, Griscom; (Nov. 10, T3, W. Faxon and W. Tyler, Ipswich. Usual, May 15-June 5. July 25- Oct. 20. WILSON’S PLOVER — Pagolla w. wilsonia (Ord). 280. Accidental from the South. One record only. May 8, ’04, C. W. Loud, Ipswich, specimen C. W. Townsend collection. KILLDEER — Oxyechus v. vociferus (Linnaeus). 273. Uncommon summer resident. Mch. 10, ’22, M. E. Kelley, Peabody, two, to Nov. 11, ’30, Emilio, Wenham, three; (Dec. 5, ’88, Salem, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, Jan. 6, ’29, Emilio et al., Marblehead; reported elsewhere as wintering. Formerly a rare migrant. AMERICAN GOLDEN PLOVER — Pluvialis d. dominica (Muller). 272. Very rare spring migrant; usually rare but irregularly numerous fall migrant. Apr. 8, ’ll, J. L. Peters, Plum Id., shot, to May 24, ’25, Emilio and Mackintosh, Ipswich. July 18, ’25, W. S. Brooks and T. Barbour, Ipswich;) Aug. 10, ’28, Wilkinson, Ipswich, to Nov. 25, ’08, G. M. Allen “Fauna of New England, II”, Ipswich. BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER — Squatarola squatarola (Lin¬ naeus). 270. Common migrant. May 8, T. 1905 and ’29, Stubbs, Newburyport, two, to June 13, ’26, Wilkinson, Ipswich; (June 25, ’03, Townsend, Ipswich, two. July 17, ’30, Emilio, Newburyport, to Nov. 24, ’29, Townsend, Ipswich. Usual, May 15-June 5. Aug. 1-Oct. 20. RUDDY TURNSTONE — Arenaria interpres morinella (Lin¬ naeus). 283a. Very uncommon spring and uncommon fall migrant. May 10, T. 1905, to June 3, T. 1920. July 6, ’30, Babson, Newburyport, to Oct. 16, T. 1905. Usual, Aug. 5- Sept. 20. 26 Bulletin of the 1931 AMERICAN WOODCOCK — Philohela minor (Gmelin). 228. Common migrant and uncommon summer resident. Feb. 20, ’30, Wilkinson, Plum Id., Ipswich;) Mch. 4, T. 1905, to Nov. 20, ’25, Teel; (Dec. 11, ’02, G. Woodman, Thatcher’s Id., Rockport. Usual, Mch. 20-Nov. 10. WILSON’S SNIPE — Capella delicata (Ord). 230. Common migrant; occasional in summer and winter. Mch. 18, ’22, Teel, Danvers, to May 20, ’22, Lawson “Ipswich River Trip”; (Summer, T. 1905 and 1920. Aug. 2, ’22, Stubbs, Lynn Marshes to Nov. 14, T. 1905; (Winter, Feb. 8, ’89, Damsell, Amesbury, shot; ’05 to date, seen almost every winter at Hall’s Brook, Lynn by Stubbs et al ., one to five birds. Usual, Apr. 6-May 10. Aug. 25-Oct. 25. LONG-BILLED CURLEW — Numenius a. americanus Bech- stein. 264. Accidental from the West. Formerly an un¬ common migrant. July 21, ’87, Damsell, Salisbury, shot, to Oct. 18, ’84, Ipswich, specimen taken. HUDSONIAN CURLEW — Phaeopus hudsonicus (Latham). 265. Very rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. May 6, ’23, Townsend, Ipswich, three, to May 31, ’21, Townsend, Ips¬ wich. July s, ’ 12, Townsend, Essex, three, to Oct. 11, ’25, Emilio, Nahant. UPLAND PLOVER — Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein). 261. Rare migrant and summer resident. Apr. 3, ’04, T. C. Wilson, Ipswich;) Apr. 13, ’28, Townsend, Ipswich, to Sept. 8, ’29, Townsend, Ipswich, heard; (Oct. 26, T. 1920. SPOTTED SANDPIPER — Actitis macularia (Linnaeus). 263. Common summer resident. Apr. 20, T. 1905, to Oct. 24, ’26, Stubbs, Breed’s Pd., Lynn; (Nov. 14, T. 1905. Usual, May 1-Oct. 10. EASTERN SOLITARY SANDPIPER — Tringa s. solitaria Wilson. 256. Uncommon migrant. Apr. 30, ’05, Town¬ send, Ipswich, to May 30, ’07, R. Hoffmann, Wenham. July 9, ’16, Stubbs, Lynn, to Oct. 28, ’15, Stubbs, Lynn. Usual, May 10-24. July 25-Oct. 5. EASTERN WILLET — Catoptrophorus s. semipalmatus (Gmelin). 258. Rare migrant. Formerly summer resident. May 10, ’25, Wilkinson, Ipswich, to Sept. 8, ’30, Wilkinson, Ipswich. WESTERN WILLET — Catoptrophorus semipahnatus inornatus (Brewster). 258a. Accidental from the West. One record only. Aug. 5, Bent, U. S. N. M. Bull. 146, Newburyport, shot. GREATER YELLOW-LEGS — Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin). 254. Very common migrant. Mch. 27, T. 1905;) Apr. 11, ’30, Emilio, Ipswich, four, to June 14, T. 1905; (June 23, ’25 Essex County Ornithological Club 27 and ’28; June 28, T. 1905. July 7, T. 1905;) July 17, ’27, Emilio, Ipswich, to Nov. 26, ’30, Emilio, Lynn; (Dec. 7, ’29, Emilio, Wenham Lake. Usual, Apr. 25-June 1. Aug. 1- Nov. 1. LESSER YELLOW-LEGS — Totanus flavipes (Gmelin). 255. Very rare spring and common fall migrant. Apr. 30, ’82, North Saugus, specimen Brewster collection, to May 29, ’29, Emilio, Ipswich. June 28, ’20, Forbush “Notes” July 15, 1920, Essex County; July 1, ’13, G. M. Bubier, to Oct. 30, T. 1920. Usual, July 15-Sept. 25. AMERICAN KNOT — Calidris canutus rufus (Wilson). 234. Uncommon migrant. May 13, ’30, Griscom et al., Ipswich, to June 12, TO, Townsend, Ipswich, four; (June 25, ’03, Townsend, Ipswich, three. July 16, C. H. Richardson, Jr., Newburyport, to Nov. 14, ’26, C. E. Clarke, Ipswich. PURPLE SANDPIPER — Arquatella maritima (Brtinnich). 235. Common local winter resident. July 30, T. 1905;) Oct. 21, ’30, J. H. Baker et al., Marblehead, to May 13, ’30, Griscom et al., Nahant; (May 30, T8, C. R. Lamb, Rockport, forty. Usual, Nov. 1-May 1. PECTORAL SANDPIPER — Pisobia melanotus (Vieillot). 239. Very rare spring and common fall migrant. Apr. 13, ’28, Townsend, Ipswich, two, to May 24, T2, Mrs. L. E. Bridge, Ipswich, two. July 15, T. 1905 to Nov. 24, ’29, Emilio and C. H. Preston, West Newbury. Usual, Aug. 10-Oct. 15. WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPER — Pisobia fuscicollis (Vieillot). 240. Rare spring and common fall migrant. May 13, ’30, Griscom et al., Ipswich, four, to June 9, T. 1905. July 10, ’83, Ipswich, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to Nov. 13, ’29, Emilio, Marblehead. Usual, Aug. 10-Oct. 15. BAIRD’S SANDPIPER — Pisobia bairdi (Coues). 241. Rare fall migrant. July 28, ’02, T. S. Bradlee, Ipswich, shot, to Oct. 14, ’28, Townsend, Ipswich. (May 17, ’27, Stubbs, Nahant, one seen.) LEAST SANDPIPER — Pisobia minutilla (Vieillot). 242. Very common migrant. May 5, T. 1905, to June 8, ’27, Stubbs, Lynn. July 3, ’ll, Townsend, Ipswich, fifty, to Oct. 13, ’04, Townsend, Ipswich, shot. Usual, May 10- June 1. July 15-Sept. 15. CURLEW SANDPIPER — Erolia testacea (Pallas). 244. Accidental from Europe. Three records. 1865, Cape Ann; 1869, Nahant; Oct. 2, ’72, R, L. Newcomb, Ipswich, speci¬ men Peab. Mus., Salem. 28 Bulletin of the 1931 RED-BACKED SANDPIPER — Pelidna alpina sakhalina (Vieillot). 243a. Rare spring and common fall migrant. May 8, ’29, Emilio, Newburyport, to June 21, ’17, J. W. Goodridge, Ipswich, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. Sept. 1, T. 1905, to Nov. 24, ’29, Townsend, Ipswich; (Jan. 25, 27, ’30, Townsend, Ipswich. Usual, Oct. 1-Nov. 1. EASTERN DO WITCHER — Limnodromus g. griseus (Gmelin). 231. Uncommon migrant, increasing in numbers recently to common. Apr. 19, ’28, Ipswich;) May 2, ’28, Emilio, Ipswich, to June 7, T. 1905. July 2, ’31, Townsend, Ipswich, to Oct. 12, ’29, Griscom. LONG-BILLED DO WITCHER — Limnodromus griseus scolo- paceus (Say).1 232. Accidental from the West. Five records. Aug. 5, ’31, Griscom, Ipswich, to Oct. 16, ’76, Salem, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. STILT SANDPIPER — Micropalama himantopus (Bonaparte). 233. Rare and irregular fall migrant. July 22, T. 1905, to Oct. 2, T. 1920. SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER — Ereunetes pusillus (Lin¬ naeus). 246. Abundant migrant. May 6, ’28, Emilio, Clark’s Pd., Ipswich, to June 16, ’26, Stubbs, Lynn. July 9, Emilio, Newburyport, to Nov. 2, ’30, Griscom and Walcott, Newburyport. Usual, May 14-June 5. July 15-Oct. 5. WESTERN SANDPIPER — Ereunetes mauri Cabanis. 247. Rare fall migrant. July 30, T. 1905, to Sept. 22, ’28, Griscom and Townsend, Ipswich. Specimen Peab. Mus. Salem, taken Sept. 8, ’08, Newbury. BUFF-BREASTED SANDPIPER — Tryngites subruficollis (Vieillot). 262. Rare fall migrant. July 28, T. 1905, to Sept. 14, ’16, W. Faxon, Ipswich. MARBLED GOD WIT — Limosa fedoa (Linnaeus). 249. Very rare and irregular fall migrant. July 17, ’69, H. B. Farley, Ipswich, shot, to Sept. 15, ’29, Griscom, Newbury¬ port, specimen B. S. N. H. ITUDSONIAN GODWIT — Limosa haemastica (Linnaeus). 251. Rare and irregular fall migrant. July 20, T. 1920, to Oct. 13, ’29, Emilio and Stubbs, West Newbury; (Nov. 12, T. 1920. RUFF — Philomachus pugnax (Linnaeus). 260. Accidental from Europe. One record only. May 20, ’71, Newburyport, shot. SANDERLING — Crocethia alba (Pallas). 248. Very common migrant. May 10, ’31, Griscom, Newbury- ^owan, “The Auk,” January, 1932, shows this form may be a distinct species. Essex County Ornithological Club 29 port, to June 10, ’22, Townsend, Ipswich, three. July 2, ’29, Townsend, Ipswich, to Dec. 16, ’28, Dr. May “Items” XCII, Ipswich; (Feb. 7 to Mch. 4, ’31, Marblehead, four seen on latter date by Emilio and Stubbs. Usual, May 20-June 5. July 25-No y. 5. AVOCET — Recurvirostra americana Gmelin. 225. Accidental from the West. Three records. May 23, ’87, Damsell, Salisbury, specimen B. S. N. H., to Sept. 13, ’96, A. B. Clark, Ipswich, three, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. BLACK-NECKED STILT — Himantopus mexicanus (Muller). 226. Accidental from the South. One record only. A bird collected in Lynn and mounted by Vickary, specimen Mus. Comp. Zool. prior to 1905. RED PHALAROPE — Phalaropus fulicarius (Linnaeus). 222- Rare migrant. Probably common to abundant far off shore. May 15, T. 1905. July 11, ’13, Mrs. L. E. Bridge, Nahant to Dec. 1, ’30, Townsend, Ipswich. WILSON’S PHALAROPE — Steganopus tricolor Vieillot. 224. Very rare migrant. Seven records only. May 2, ’74, G. O. Welch, Nahant, shot. Aug. 15, ’26, Emilio et aL, Clark’s Pond, Ipswich, to Sept. 22, ’28, Griscom and Townsend, Ipswich, specimen B. S. N. II. NORTHERN PHALAROPE — Lobipes lobatus (Linnaeus). 223. Very common off shore migrant, rarely seen from land. May 18, T. 1905 to May 30, ’94, G. IP. Mackay, off Swamp- scott, ten thousand. July 31, T. 1920, to Oct. 11, T. 1920. Usual, Aug. 20-Oct. 1. POMARINE JAEGER — Stercorarius pomarinus (Temminck). 36. Rare migrant. “Spring,” T. 1905. July 5, ’89, Merri- mac River, shot, to Sept. 28, ’64, Gloucester, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. PARASITIC JAEGER — Stercorarius parasiticus (Linnaeus). 37. Rare spring migrant, more common late summer and fall. May 19, ’31, Wilkinson, Ipswich, to June 25, T. 1905. July 4, ’73, W. A. Jeffries, Swampscott, shot, to, Oct. 14, T. 1905. Usual, Aug. 1-Oct. 1. LONG-TAILED JAEGER — Stercorarius longicaudus Vieillot- 38. Very rare migrant, probably more common far off shore- July 23, TO, C. R. Lamb. Rockport, shot, to Aug. 24, ’0L H. A. Pitman, specimen C. W. Townsend collection. GLAUCOUS GULL — Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus. 42. Uncommon to rare winter visitant. Nov. 30, ’69, R. New¬ comb, Salem, shot, to May 27, ’31, Griscom et at., Newbury- port. Casual in Summer, Aug. 15, T8, Townsend and Aug. 21, ’33, Mrs. Bridge, both at Ipswich. 30 Bulletin of the 1931 ICELAND GULL — Larus leucopterus Vieillot. 43. Usually rare winter visitant, but occasionally numerous. Nov. 14, ’26, Emilio, Gloucester, two, to June 7, ’31, Emilio and Stubbs Newbury port. GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL — Larus marinus Linnaeus. 47. Uncommon winter resident; non-breeding birds occur irregularly in summer and one pair nested in 1931. Usual, Aug. 1-April 1. HERRING GULL — Larus argentatus s?nithsonianus Coues. 51a. Very abundant migrant and winter resident; common non¬ breeding summer resident and breeds in several colonies. RING-BILLED GULL — Larus delawarensis Ord. 54. Uncommon fall migrant; casual in winter and rather rare and irregular in spring; immature birds sometimes present in summer. Usual, Aug. 15-Nov. 1. BLACK-HEADED GULL — Larus r. ridibundus Linnaeus. 55.1. Accidental from Europe. One record only. Jan. 26-27/30, Emilio, Griscom et at ., Newburyport, specimen B. S. N. H. LAUGLIING GULL — Larus atricilla Linnaeus. 58. Uncommon migrant and summer visitant. Apr. 25, ’29, to Sept. 16, ’25, Stubbs, Lynn; (Nov. 22, ’31, Griscom et al., Newburyport, eight and Townsend, Ipswich, twenty-five. Casual in winter, Jan. 24, ’26, F. H. Allen, Nahant. FRANKLIN’S GULL — Larus pipixcan Wagler. 59. Accidental from the West. One record only. Oct. 28, ’85, G. O. Welch, Salem, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. BONAPARTE’S GULL — Larus Philadelphia (Ord). 60. Common spring and fall migrant; occasionally appears in flocks of varied numbers during both summer and winter months. Usual, Mch. 25-May 25. Aug. 15-Dec. 15. IVORY GULL — Pagophila alba (Gunnerus). 39. Accidental from the North. One record only. About 1850, Swampscott, bird mounted by Jillson. ATLANTIC KITTIWAKE — Rissa t. tridactyla (Linnaeus). 40. Common winter visitant, usually some distance from land. Sept. 6, ’03, Ipswich, shot, identified by Townsend;) Oct. 28, ’25, Townsend, Ipswich, to Apr. 15, ’26, Stubbs, Lynn. Casual in summer, July 14, ’26, Aug. 20, ’27, July 7, ’28, Stubbs, Lynn. GULL-BILLED TERN — Gelochelidon nilotica aranea (Wilson). 63. Accidental from the South. One record only. Sep¬ tember, 1871, Maynard, Ipswich, specimen Mus. Comp. Zool. Essex County Ornithological Club 31 FORSTER’S TERN — Sterna for steri Nuttall. 69. Very rare fall migrant perhaps only accidental. No recent specimens or credible sight records. Aug. 28, 77, Magnolia, male collected, to September, 70, Maynard, Ipswich. COMMON TERN — Sterna h. hirundo Linnaeus. 70. Very common migrant; local summer resident. May 13, T. 1905, to Nov. 25, ’24, Stubbs, Lynn. Usual May 15-Oct. 10. ARCTIC TERN — Sterna paradisaea Briinnich. 71. Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. May 10, ’81, Ipswich, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to May 27, ’28, Town¬ send, Ipswich. July 27, ’27, Stubbs, Lynn, to Oct. 16, ’25, Townsend, Ipswich. ROSEATE TERN — Sterna d. dougalli Montagu. 72. Rare spring and common fall migrant. May 13, ’30, Griscom et al., Newburyport, to June 5, ’29, Stubbs et at ., Newbury - port. July 2, ’30, Emilio, Newburyport, to Sept. 16, T. 1920; (Oct. 16, ’25, Townsend, Ipswich. EASTERN SOOTY TERN — Sterna f. fusccita Linnaeus. 75. Accidental from the South. One record only. Oct. 29, 76, Lawrence, male. LEAST TERN — Sterna a. antillarum (Lesson). 74. Accidental from the South. July 11, 74, Townsend, Ipswich, two, to Sept. 7, ’24, C. E. Clarke, Lynn. Formerly a summer resident, May to Sept. D. L. Picknan, Beverly, about 1870, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. ROYAL TERN — Thalasseus m. maximus (Boddaert). 65. Accidental from the South. One record only. July 17, ’04, C. O. Zerrahn, Ipswich, adult male shot. CASPIAN TERN — Hydroprogne caspia imperator (Coues). 64. Very rare spring and rare fall migrant. May 12, ’29, Dr. May “Items” XCVII, Ipswich; May 13, ’22, Forbush “Items” XIV, Essex County, four. Aug. 8, ’02, W. S. Townsend, Ipswich, three, to Oct. 2, T. 1920. BLACK TERN — Chlidonias nigra surinamensis (Gmelin). 77. Very rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. May 27, ’31, Griscom et al., Newburyport, three, to June 7, ’83, Naliant, two specimens Peab. Mus., Salem. July 19, 74, Townsend, Ipswich, to Sept. 16, T. 1920. BLACK SKIMMER — Rynchops n. nigra Linnaeus. 80. Accidental from the South. Aug. 26, ’24, Wilkinson, Ips¬ wich, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to Oct. 9, ’24, C. H. Richardson, Jr., Newburyport. Occurred in numbers, 1879, 1924. 32 Bulletin of the 1931 RAZOR-BILLED AUK — Alca torda Linnaeus. 32. Irregular winter visitant. Oct. 29, T. 1920, to Apr. 20, ’29, Griscom, Nahant, four. ATLANTIC MURRE — Uria a. aalge (Pontoppidan). 30. Very rare winter visitant, perhaps only accidental. One record only. May 18, ’21, A. B. Fuller, Essex, specimen B. S. N. H. BRUNNICH’S MURRE— Uria l lomvia (Linnaeus). 31. Irregular winter visitant. Oct. 27, ’09, J. L. Peters, Ipswich, one-hundred plus, to Apr. 12, ’22, Emilio, Nahant; (May 5, ’21, Mackintosh, Danvers River, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. DOVEKIE — Alle alle (Linnaeus). 34. Irregular winter visitant. Nov. 4, T. 1905, to Apr. 30, T. 1905; (June 1, ’14, C. R. Lamb, Rockport. BLACK GUILLEMOT — Cepphus g. grylle (Linnaeus). 27. Irregularly common winter visitant. Sept., T. 1905;) Oct. 6, ’06, G. M. Bubier, Nahant, to Apr. 23, T. 1920; (July, Forbush 1925, Nahant. ATLANTIC PUFFIN — Fratercula a. arctica (Linnaeus). 13. Very rare winter visitant. Oct. 16, T. 1905, to Mch. 19, T. 1920. ROCK DOVE — Columba l. livia Gmelin. 313.1. Abundant permanent resident. Nests usually on ledges and crevices of buildings but also on rock ledges, as at Nahant, etc. Introduced from Europe as domestic but long since become feral. EASTERN MOURNING DOVE — Zenaidura macroura caro- linensis (Linnaeus). 316. Rare summer resident; winters irregularly. Flocks in autumn numbering up to forty birds have been seen. Mch. 17, ’29, Emilio et al., Boxford, four, to Nov. 22, ’31, Phillips, Wenham, three; (Dec. 24, ’30, Emilio, Danvers, eight; Dec. 27, ’31, “Essex County”, four; Feb. 24, ’90, Damsell, Amesbury; etc. YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO — Coccyzus a. americanus (Lin¬ naeus). 387. Rare summer resident. May 10, T. 1905, to Oct. 5, ’30, Moulton, Lynn. BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO — Coccyzus erythrophthalmus (Wil¬ son). 388. Uncommon summer resident. May 7, ’05, G. M. Bubier, Lynn, to Oct. 22, ’27, Moulton, Lynn. Usual, May 15-Sept. 20. BARN OWL — Tyto alba pratincola (Bonaparte). 365. Very rare visitor. Six records. Oct. 18, ’00, W. Hackett, Danvers, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to Jan. 3, ’31, Ips¬ wich, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. Essex County Ornithological Club 33 EASTERN SCREECH OWL — Otus asio naevius (Grnelin). 373. Uncommon permanent resident. GREAT HORNED OWL — Bubo v. virginianus (Grnelin). 375. Uncommon permanent resident. More common in winter. SNOWY OWL — Nydea nyctea (Linnaeus). 376. Irregular winter visitant. Oct. 18, ’02, Damsell, Amesbury, to Apr. 18, ’07, R. G. Vickary, Ipswich. AMERICAN HAWK OWL — Surnia ulula caparoch (Muller). 377a. Very rare and irregular winter visitant. Four records only. Nov. 22, T3, E. W. Ricker, Andover, specimen to C. J. Maynard, to Mch. 4, ’00, Moulton, Lynn, bird captured, WESTERN BURROWING OWL — Speotyto cunicularia hypu- gaea (Bonaparte). 378. Accidental from the West. One record only. May 15, ’75, Newburyport, specimen B. S. N. H. NORTHERN BARRED OWL — Strix v. varia Barton. 368. Uncommon permanent resident. More common in late fall. GREAT GRAY OWL — Scotiaptex n. nebulosa (Forster). 370. Very rare and irregular winter visitant. Eight records. Nov. 10, ’66, F. W. Putnam, Salem, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to Feb. 16, ’91, Marblehead, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. LONG-EARED OWL — Asio wilsonianus (Lesson). 366. Uncommon to rare permanent resident. More common in fall. SHORT-EARED OWL — Asio f. flammeus (Pontoppidan). 367. Uncommon migrant and rare winter visitant. Sept. 2, ’29, C. E. Clarke, Ipswich;) Sept. 27, T. 1905, to May 7, ’30, Griscom et al., Newburyport. RICHARDSON’S OWL — Cryptoglaux /. funerea (Bonaparte)- 371. Very rare and irregular winter visitant. Ten records- Dec., ’85, Saugus, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to Mch., ’03, Ipswich, specimen C. W. Townsend, collection. SAW-WHET OWL — Cryptoglaux a. acadica (Grnelin). 372. Irregular winter visitant. Sept. 7, ’19, Forbush “Bulletin” XXI, Essex County; Sept. 20, T. 1905, to Apr. 4, ’06, H. W. Wright, Marblehead. EASTERN WHIP-POOR-WILL — Antrostomus v. vociferus (Wilson). 417. Uncommon summer resident. Apr. 27, ’06, W. A. Jeffries, Swampscott, to Oct. 3, ’91, Damsell, Ames¬ bury. EASTERN NIGHTHAWK — Chordeiles m. minor (Forster). 420. Common migrant; uncommon summer resident. May 15, T. 1905, to Oct. 6, T. 1905: Usual, May 20-Sept. 20. 34 Bulletin of the 1931 CHIMNEY SWIFT — Chaetura pelagica (Linnaeus). 423. Very common summer resident. Apr. 23, ’05, G. M. Bubier, to Oct. 11, T8, Forbush “Bulletin” XI, Newburyport. Usual, May 4-Sept. 10. RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD — Archilochus colubris (Linnaeus). 428. Uncommon summer resident. May 4, ’29, Moulton, Lynn, to Oct. 4, ’18, Forbush “Bulletin” X, Essex County; (Oct. 29, ’29, Moulton, Boxford. .Usual, May 12 — Sept. 15. EASTERN BELTED KINGFISHER — Megaceryle a. alcyon (Linnaeus). 390. Uncommon summer resident. Mch. 13, ’29, Emilio and Stubbs, Danvers, two, to Nov. 14, ’26, Stubbs, Lynn; casual in winter, Jan. 31, ’89, G. 0. Welch, Salem, and numerous dates since. NORTHERN FLICKER — Colaptes auratus luteus Bangs. 412a. Very common migrant; common summer resident; uncommon to rare winter resident. NORTHERN PILEATED WOODPECKER — Ceophloeus pilea- tus abieticola Bangs. 405a. Accidental from northwestward. Five records. July 8, ’86, Damsell, Amesbury, shot, to Dec. 27, ’31, et seq., Lockwood, Boxford. RED-HEADED WOODPECKER — Melanerpes erythrocephalus (Linnaeus). 406. Rare and irregular visitant at all seasons and may breed, as recorded in this Bulletin, 1923, p. 31. YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER,— Sphyrapicus v. varius (Linnaeus). 402. Uncommon migrant. Apr. 1, ’28, Moul¬ ton et al., Topsfield, to May 21, T. 1920. Casual in summer, July, 1899, F. H. Mosher, Georgetown; Aug. 9, ’83, Ipswich, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. Sept. 23, ’26, Stubbs, Lynn, to Nov. 11, ’29, Townsend, Ipswich. Usual, Apr. 10-May 5. Oct. 1-15. EASTERN HAIRY WOODPECKER — Dryobates v. villosus (Linnaeus). 393. Uncommon permanent resident, more numerous in fall and winter. NORTHERN DOWNY W OODPECKER — Dryobates pubescens medianus (Swainson). 394c. Common permanent resident. ARCTIC THREE-TOED WOODPECKER — Picoides arcticus (Swamson). 400. Rare and very irregular winter visitant. Oct. 7, ’25, Stubbs, Lynn, to May 22, ’27, Mrs. M. E. Ward, Hamilton, Casual, July, 1888, Boxford, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. AMERICAN THREE-TOED WOODPECKER — Picoides tri- dactylus bacatus Bangs. 401. Very rare and irregular winter Essex County Ornithological Club 35 visitant. Four records only. Oct. 23, ’25, Felt, Middleton,1 to Apr. 28, ’00, J. A. Farley, Georgetown. 1860-61, N. Vickary, Lynn, pair collected during the winter. EASTERN KINGBIRD — Tyrannus tyrannus (Linnaeus). 444. Common summer resident. Apr. 28, ’29, Emilio, Ipswich;) May 2, ’30, Emilio, Lynn, to Oct. 1, T8, Forbush “Bulletin” X, Newburyport. Usual, May 8-Sept. 10. GRAY KINGBIRD — Tyrannus d. dominicensis (Gmelin). 445. Accidental from the South. Two records. Oct. 23, ’69, G. I. Goodale, Lynn, and Nov. 22, ’31, Griscom et al., West Newbury, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. ARKANSAS KINGBIRD — Tyrannus verticalis Say. 447. Accidental from the West. Seven records, all in last twelve years. Sept. 3, ’22, Miss E. D. Boardman, West Manchester, bird seen, to Nov. 20, ’20, Floyd, Marblehead, bird seen. Nov. 10, ’31, C. H. Preston and Emilio, Danvers, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. NORTHERN CRESTED FLY CATCHER — Myiarchus crinitus boreus Bangs. 452. Uncommon summer resident. May 3, ’26, Moon, Lynn, to Oct. 1, ’25, Moon, Lynn; (Dec. 8, and 14, T9, Forbush “Bulletin” XXIV, Lynn Beach; Dec. 7, to 30, ’31, Shreve and Emilio, Salem. EASTERN PHOEBE — Sayornis phoebe (Latham). 456. Common summer resident. Mch. 13, ’21, Moon, Lynn, to Oct. 31, T. 1920; (Dec. 7, ’24, Emilio, West Peabody; Dec. 19, ’ll, J. D. Sornborger, Rowley. LTsual, Mch. 25-Oct. 10. SAY’S PHOEBE — Sayornis saya saya (Bonaparte). 457. Accidental from the West. One record only. Oct. 13, ’30, Emilio, Ipswich, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. YELLOW-BELLIED FLY CATCHER — Empidonax flaviventris (Baird and Baird). 463. Rare migrant. May 18, ’29, Law- son “Ipswich River Trip”, to June 3, T. 1920. Aug. 25, T. 1905, to Sept. 5, ’27, Stubbs, Lynn. ALDER FLYCATCHER — Empidonax t. trailli (Audubon). 466a. Very rare summer resident. May 15, ’27, Lawson “Ipswich River Trip”, to July 23, ’30, Emilio, Georgetown. LEAST FLYCATCHER — Empidonax minimus (Baird and Baird). 467. Common summer resident. Apr. 22, T. 1905, to Aug. 26, T. 1920; (Sept. 29, ’18, Nichols, Salem. Usual, May 2-Aug. 15. EASTERN WOOD PE WEE — Myiochanes virens (Linnaeus). 461. Uncommon summer resident. May 7, T. 1920, to Sept. 30, ’28, Lawson, Boxford. Usual, May 20-Sept. 10. 1 E. C. O. C. Bulletin, 1925, p. 36. 36 Bulletin of the 1931 OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER — Nuttallornis mesolencus (Lichtenstein). 459. Rare migrant. Casual in summer. May 10, ’81, Lynn, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to June 8, 23, Emilio, Middleton; (June 25, ’31, Townsend et al ., Box- ford. Aug. 12, ’25, Stubbs, Middleton, to Sept. 23, T. 1920. NORTHERN HORNED LARK — Otocoris a. alpestris (Lin¬ naeus). 474. Very common migrant, less common winter resident. Sept. 28, TO, Townsend, Ipswich, specimen taken, to Apr. 26, ’27, Emilio, Danvers, twenty-five. Usual, Oct. 10-Apr. 10. PRAIRIE HORNED LARK — Otocoris alpestris praticola Hen- shaw. 474b. Rare summer resident. Mch. 4, ’23, Town¬ send, Ipswich, specimen taken, to Nov. 19, ’22, Emilio, Middleton, two. TREE SWALLOW — Iridoprocne bicolor (Vieillot). 614. Common summer resident, much more numerous during migrations. Mch. 15, ’79, J. A. Jeffries, Swampscott, three, to Nov. 4, ’31, Stubbs, Nahant, one. Usual, Mch. 28- Sept. 10. BANK SWALLOW — Riparia r. riparia (Linnaeus). 616. Uncommon local summer resident. Apr. 27, ’24, Emilio, Ipswich, to Sept. 16, T. 1920. ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW — Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serri- pennis (Audubon). 617. Very rare and irregular migrant. Apr. 29, ’29, Emilio, Middleton, to May 27, T7, Stubbs, Lynn. Sept. 5, ’27, Emilio, Middleton. May, 7, ’30, Ipswich, two specimens Peab. Mus., Salem. BARN SWALLOW — H ir undo cry throg aster Boddaert. 613. Common summer resident. Apr. 8, ’28, M. Broun, Swamp¬ scott, to Oct. 9, ’27, Townsend, Ips'wich; (Nov. 4, ’31, Emilio, Nahant and Clifton. Usual, Apr. 20-Sept. 15. NORTHERN CLIFF SWALLOW — Petrochelidon a. albifrons (Rafinesque). 612. Uncommon local summer resident in small colonies. Apr. 19, ’24, Emilio et al., Boxford, to Sept. 14, T. 1920. Usual, Apr. 28-Aug. 20. PURPLE MARTIN — Progne s. subis (Linnaeus). 611. Rare migrant; formerly uncommon summer resident. Mch. 31, ’17, F. B. Currier, Newburyport, to Sept. 16, T. 1905. CANADA JAY— Perisoreus c. canadensis (Linnaeus). 484. Very rare and irregular winter visitant. At least four records. Oct. 25, ’78, L. A. Smith, Salem, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to Feb. 15, ’31, Miss V. Crittenden, Beverly. Essex County Ornithological Club 37 NORTHERN BLUE JAY — Cyanocitta cristata cristata (Lin¬ naeus). 477. Common permanent resident, usually much more numerous in the fall. EASTERN CROW — Corvus b. brachyrhynchos Brehm. 488. Very common permanent resident. Most numerous in winter near the coast. BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEE — Penthestes1 a. atricapillus (Linnaeus). 735. Common permanent resident. Most numerous in fall and winter. ACADIAN CHICKADEE — Penthestes hudsonicus littoralis (Bryant). 740a. Rare and very irregular winter visitant. Oct. 29, T3, Phillips and Bangs, Wenham, three, to Mch. 11, 17, Townsend, Ipswich. WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH — Sitta c. carolinensis Latham. 727. Rare permanent resident. Usually more common in fall. RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH — Sitta canadensis Linnaeus. 728. Irregular fall and winter visitant, sometimes quite common. July 16, ’29, Townsend, Ipswich, to May 24, ’24, Emilio, Boxford. BROWN CREEPER — Certhia j'amiliaris americana Bonaparte* 726. Resident; very rare but rather regular in summer- fairly common during migrations and uncommon in winter- Usual, Sept. 25-May 1. EASTERN HOUSE WREN — Troglodytes a. aedon Vieillot. 721. Local summer resident, apparently increasing in numbers. Apr. 27, ’29, Lawson, Salem, to Oct. 6, ’14, Stubbs, Lynn. EASTERN WINTER WREN — N annus h. hiemalis (Vieillot). 722. Uncommon to rare migrant; occasionally winters. Apr. 4, T. 1905, to May 31, ’17, G. M. Bubier, Lynn. Sept. 2, T. 1905, to Dec. 3, ’28, Emilio, Lynn; (Jan. 5, to 21, ’23, Emilio, Danvers; etc. CAROLINA WREN — Thryothorus l. ludovicianus (Latham). 718. Very irregular and rare visitant. Recorded in each month of the year, and breeds occasionally. Occurred in numbers 1908-1909. PRAIRIE MARSH WREN — Telmatodytes palustris dissaeptus (Bangs). 725d. Local summer resident, common in a few localities only. Occasional in winter. May 4, ’30, Emilio, Lynnfield, to Nov. 5, ’04, H. W. Wright, Nahant; (Jan. 18, ’25. Emilio, Danvers. Usual, May 15-Oct. 1. 1 Bangs and others use Parus. 38 Bulletin op the 1931 SHORT-BILLED MARSH WREN — Cistothorus stellaris (Nau- mann). 724. Uncommon local summer resident. May 4, ’30, Emilio, Lynnfield, to Oct. 16, ’29, Emilio, Lynn field, Usual, May 10-Sept. 20. EASTERN MOCKINGBIRD — Mimus p. polyglottos (Lin¬ naeus). 703. Rare and irregular visitant. May occur at any season. Rarest in summer. CATBIRD — Dumetella carolinensis (Linnaeus). 704. Common summer resident; occasionally winters. Apr. 28, ’29, Stubbs, Lynn, to Oct. 27, ’ll, G. M. Bubier, Lynn; (Dec. 3, ’22, Moon, Lynn; Jan. 19 to Apr. 6, ’21, Bates et al., Lynn; numerous other winter dates. BROWN THRASHER — Toxostoma rufum (Linnaeus). 705. Uncommon summer resident; common migrant. Apr. 24, ’27, Moon, Lynn, to Oct. 26, T. 1905; (Jan. 11 to Apr. 10, ’31, Stubbs et al., Lynn; T. 1920. Usual, Apr. 28-Oct. 10. EASTERN ROBIN — T urdus m. migratorius (Linnaeus). 761. Resident; abundant migrant and summer resident, irregular winter resident. Usual, Mch. 15-Nov. 15. NORTHERN VARIED THRUSH — Ixoreus naevius meruloides (Swainson). 763a. Accidental from the West. One record only. December, 1864, Ipswich, specimen B. S. N. H. WOOD THRUSH — Hylocichla mustelina (Gmelin). 755. Uncommon summer resident. Apr. 19, ’29, Emilio, Ipswich;) May 4, T. 1920. to Oct. 8, T6, G. M. Bubier, Lynn. Usual, May 8-Sept. 15. EASTERN HERMIT THRUSH — Hylocichla guttata faxoni Bangs and Penard. 759b. Common migrant, uncommon summer resident; occasional in winter. Mch. 31, ’28, Moulton, Lynn, to Nov. 22, ’22, Stubbs, Nahant; (Jan. 4, T9, Lawson, Salem; Jan. 1, ’25, Lawson et al., Ipswich. Usual, Apr. 15-Nov. 15. OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH — Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni ( Tschudi ). 758a. Uncommon migrant. May 6, ’83, Ips¬ wich, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to June 11, ’27, Moon, Lynn. Sept. 10, T. 1920, to Oct. 21, ’28, Emilio, Middleton, two. Usual, May 12-30. Sept. 15-Oct. 5. GRAY-CHEEKED THRUSH — Hylocichla minima aliciae (Baird). 757. A rarely observed migrant. Apr. 28, ’28, Salem, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem;) May 10, T. 1920, to June 18, ’72, Ipswich, specimen Peafj. Mus., Salem. Sept. 10, T. 1920, to Oct. 5, T. 1920. BICKNELL’S THRUSH — Hylocichla m. minima (Lafresnaye). 757a. Rare migrant. Attempted field identifications of Essex County Ornithological Club 39 this race are of little value. It passes northward in May and southward from about Sept. 15 to Oct. 15. Sept. 18, ’77, Magnolia, specimen C. W. Townsend collection. VEERY — Hylocichla f. fuscescens[ (Stephens). 756. Common summer resident. May 1, ’04, C. E. Brown, Beverly, specimen B. S. N. H. to Oct. 6, T. 1920; (Oct. 13, ’15, Stubbs, Lynn. Usual, May 6-Sept. 10. EASTERN BLUEBIRD — Sialia sialis sialis (Linnaeus). 766. Common summer resident; casual in winter. Feb. 27, ’27, C. F. Ropes, Salem, to Nov. 10, ’28, C. F. Ropes, Boxford. Feb. 16, ’02, Damsell, Amesbury; Feb. 1, ’25, Doolittle, Middleton; etc. Usual, Mch. 10-Oct. 25. BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER — Polioptila c. caerulea (Lin¬ naeus). 751. Rare and irregular visitant. About a dozen records. May 1, ’25, Moon, Lynn, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to Nov. 16, ’02, F. H. Allen, West Manchester. Re¬ ported nesting in Amesbury, 1930. EASTERN GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET — Regulus s. satrapa Lichtenstein. 748. Common migrant and winter resident. Sept. 16, T. 1920, to May 1, ’29, Emilio, Hamilton; (May 27 and June 24, ’28, Emilio, Ipswich; Apr. 29, ’89, C. E. Chase et al., Lynn nest and eggs, Mus. Comp. Zool. collection. Usual, Sept. 25-Apr. 20. EASTERN RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET — Corthylio calen¬ dula calendula (Linnaeus). 749. Uncommon migrant. Mch. 24, ’29. Lawson, Middleton;) Apr. 7, T. 1905, to May 28, T. 1920/ Sept. 17, T. 1920, to Nov. 10, ’29, Emilio, Lynn; (Nov. 26, ’85, Damsell, Amesbury; Dec. 23, ’23, Emilio, Middleton; etc. AMERICAN PIPIT — Anthus spinoletta rubescens (Tunstall). 697. Rare spring and common fall migrant. Mch. 31, T. 1920, to May 23, ’26, Emilio, Ipswich; (June 8, ’78, W. A. Jeffries, Swampscott, shot. Aug. 19, ’28, M. Broun, Ipswich, two;) Aug. 30, ’06, Mrs. L. E. Bridge, Ipswich, to Nov. 22, ’22, Stubbs, Nahant; (Jan. 4, ’78, Newburyport, small flock. Usual, Sept. 20-Nov. 10. BOHEMIAN WAXWING — Bombycilla garrula pallidiceps Reichenow. 618. Very rare and irregular winter visitant. Six records. December, 1919, Forbush “Bulletin” XXIV, Essex County, to Mch. 8, ’19, Forbush “Bulletin” XV, Essex County; (May 28, ’30, N. R. Brown, Danvers. Feb. 18, ’77, N. Vickary, Lynn, specimen Mus. Comp. Zool. CEDAR WAXWING — Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot. 619. Common late spring migrant; uncommon summer resident; very irregular in abundance and occurrence at other seasons. 40 Bulletin of the 1931 NORTHERN SHRIKE — Lanius b. borealis Vieillot. 621. Winter visitant, usually rare but varying greatly in numbers. Oct. 14, T. 1905, to May 1, T. 1905. Usual, Nov. 1-Apr. 10. MIGRANT SHRIKE- Lanius ludovicianus migrans Palmer. 622e. Very rare migrant. Feb. 17, ’29, Griscom, Peabody;) Mch. 26, ’27, Emilio, Marblehead, to May 15, ’25, Forbush “Items” L, Essex County, specimen taken. Aug. 1, ’19, Forbush “Bulletin” XX, Essex County, to Nov. 14, ’91, Swampscott, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. STARLING — Sturnus v. vulgaris Linnaeus. 493. Much too abundant permanent resident. An introduced species. WHITE-EYED VIREO — Vireo g. griseus Boddaert. 631. Formerly a rare summer resident, now a very rare visitor. Four records in last ten years. May 5, T. 1920, to Sept. 29, T. 1920; (Oct. 13, ’20, Moulton, Salem. YELLOW-THROATED VIREO — Vireo flavifrons Vieillot. 628. Uncommon to rare summer resident. May 5, ’13, Stubbs, Lynn, to Sept. 30, T7, G. M. Bubier, Lynn. BLUE-HEADED VIREO — Vireo s. solitarius (Wilson). 629. Uncommon migrant; rare summer resident. Apr. 19, ’13, G. M. Bubier, Lynn, to Oct. 28, ’18, Forbush “Bulletin” XI, Essex County. RED-EYED VIREO — Vireo olivaceus (Linnaeus). 624. Common summer resident. May 5, T. 1920, to Nov. 4, ’17, Townsend, Ipswich. Usual, May 12-Oct. 1. PHILADELPHIA VIREO — Vireo philadelphicus (Cassin). 626. Very rare migrant. To be expected the last half of May and in mid-September. Sept. 18, ’79, Townsend, Magnolia, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. EASTERN WARBLING VIREO — Vireo g. gilvus (Vieillot). 627. Uncommon to rare summer resident. May 5, T. 1905, to Sept. 28, ’28, Emilio, Salem. Formerly more common. BLACK and WHITE WARBLER — Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus). 636. Common summer resident, much more numerous in migrations. Apr. 21, ’23, Emilio, Danvers, to Oct. 12, ’25, Stubbs; (Nov. 11, ’14, Stubbs, Lynn. Usual, Apr. 30- Sept. 25. PROTHONOTARY WARBLER — Pronotaria citrea (Boddaert)- 637. Accidental from the South. Three records. May 26, T4, Miss V. Crittenden, Beverly, specimen to C. J. Maynard; June 2, ’29, G. E. Benson, Middleton; Sept. 13, ’13, Dr. W. M. Tyler, Ipswich. Essex County Ornithological Club 41 WORM-EATING WARBLER — Helmitheros vermivorus (Gmelin). 639. Accidental from the South. Five records. Apr. 14, ’02, H. C. Farwell, Salem, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to June 3, ’20, Miss. E. D. Boardman, Manchester. GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER — Vermivora chrysoptera (Lin¬ naeus). 642. Uncommon summer resident. May 3, T. 1920, to Sept. 7, ’24, Emilio, Boxford; (Oct. 8, ’82, Ipswich, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. TENNESSEE WARBLER — Vermivora peregrina (Wilson). 647. Irregular and uncommon spring migrant; rare fall migrant. May 5, ’26, Moon, Lynn, to June 5, T7, Stubbs, Lynn. Aug. 20, ’21, Stubbs, Lynn, to Oct. 11, ’28, Dr. May “Items” XC, Rockport. ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER — Vermivora c. celata (Say). 646. Very rare fall migrant. Oct. 25, ’28, Dr. May “Items” XC, Rockport, to Jan. 1, ’75, Lynn, specimen B. S. N. H. There are but four records. NASHVILLE WARBLER — Vermivora r. ruficapilla (Wilson). 645. Common migrant; less common summer resident. May 2, T. 1905, to Oct. 14, T. 1905; (Jan. 15+ , ’90, W. Faxon, Swampscott, bird found dead Jan. 31. Usual, May 6-Sept. 25. NORTHERN PARULA WARBLER — Comp sothly pis americana pusilla (Wilson). 648a. Common migrant; very rare sum¬ mer resident. Apr. 26, T. 1920, to June 13, ’26, Bryan. Sept. 2, T. 1920, to Oct. 20, T. 1920; (Nov. 10, Miss E. D. Boardman, Manchester. Summer, July 4, ’77, Townsend, Magnolia; etc. EASTERN YELLOW WARBLER — Dendroica a. aestiva (Gmelin). 652. Very common summer resident. Apr. 30, T. 1920, to Sept. 26, T. 1905. Usual, May 4-Sept. 10. MAGNOLIA WARBLER — Dendroica magnolia (Wilson). 657. Common migrant. May 4, T. 1920 to June 8, T. 1920. Aug. 20, ’24, Emilio, Lynn, to Oct. 14, ’28, Emilio, Nahant; (Oct. 28, T. 1920. Usual, May 12-30. Sept. 1-25. CAPE MAY WARBLER — Dendroica tigrina (Gmelin). 650. Rare migrant. May 6, ’30, Morley, Swampscott, to May 28, T. 1920. Aug. 18, ’80, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem, to Oct. 3, ’28, Townsend, Ipswich. BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER — Dendroica c. caeru- lescens (Gmelin). 654. Uncommon spring and rare fall migrant. May 4, T. 1920, to June 1, T. 1920. Sept. 10, T. 1920, to Oct. 16, ’26, Emilio, Danvers. 42 Bulletin of the 1931 MYRTLE WARBLER — Dendroica coronata (Linnaeus). 655. Very common migrant; occasional summer resident; locally common winter resident. Usual migration dates, Apr. 15- May 15. Sept. 10 -Nov. 1. BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER — Dendroica v. viren (Gmelin). 667. Common summer resident. Apr. 9, ’28, Dr. May “Items” LNXIV, Essex County;) Apr. 22, T. 1920, to Oct. 27, T. 1920. Usual, Apr. 28-Oct. 15. BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER — Dendroica fusca (Muller). 662. Uncommon migrant; rare summer resident. May 4, ’30, Griscom, Boxford, to Sept. 30, T. 1920. CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER — Dendroica pensylvanica (Linnaeus). 659. Common summer resident. May 2, ’29, Walcott, Lynn, to Sept. 17, T. 1920. Usual May 5-Sept. 5. BAY-BREASTED WARBLER — Dendroica castanea (Wilson). 660. Rare migrant. May 11, ’30, Stubbs, Lynn, to June 3, T. 1920. July 31, ’25, Emilio, Boxford, adult male, to Oct. 6, T. 1920. BLACK-POLL WARBLER — Dendroica striata (Forster). 661. Very common migrant, often abundant in the fall. May 7, ’30, Griscom et at., to June 13, ’07, G. M. Allen, Ipswich. Aug. 23, ’21, Chase, Lynn, to Nov. 11, ’30, Dr. May “Items” CXV, Ipswich. Usual, May 18-June 6. Sept. 8-Oct. 15. NORTHERN PINE WARBLER — Dendroica p. pinus (Wilson). 671. Uncommon summer resident. Mch. 29, T. 1920, to Oct. 13, ’30, Moulton, Lynn; (Oct. 31, T. 1920. Usual, Apr. 10-Oct. 1. NORTHERN PRAIRIE WARBLER — Dendroica discolor dis¬ color (Vieillot). 673. Uncommon local summer resident. May 4, ’26, Moon, Lynn, to Sept. 25, T. 1920. Usual, May 8-Sept. 15. WESTERN PALM WARBLER — Dendroica p. palmarum (Gmelin). 672. Rare fall migrant; occasional in winter and spring. Sept. 3, T. 1920, to Dec. 23, ’28, Emilio et al., Marblehead. Feb. 3, ’24, Mackintosh, Beverly; Apr. 26, ’25, Emilio, Ipswich, to May 4, ’30, Emilio, Lynnfield. YELLOW PALM WARBLER — Dendroica palmarum hypo- chrysea Ridgway. 672a. Common migrant. Mch. 24, ’28, Lawson, Middleton;) Apr. 5, T. 1920, to May 21, T. 1920. Sept. 18, ’21, Emilio, Middleton, to Dec. 1, ’29, Moulton, Lynn. Usual, Apr. 10-May 10. Oct. 1-20. OVENBIRD — Seiurus aurocapillus (Linnaeus). 674. Common summer resident. May 1, T. 1920, to Oct. 6, ’18, Townsend, Ipswich. Usual, May 4-Sept. 25. Essex County Ornithological Club 43 NORTHERN WATER-THRUSH — Seiurus n. noveboracensis (Gmelin). 675. Common migrant. Apr. 22, T8, Moulton, Nahant;) May 4, ’30, Griscom, to June 6, ’83, Ipswich, speci¬ men Peab. Mus., Salem. Aug. 11, T. 1905, to Oct. 11, T. 1920; (Nov. 17, ’29, Morley, Swampscott. Usual, May 10- 30. Aug. 15-Oct. 5. CONNECTICUT WARBLER — Oporornis agilis (Wilson). 678. Rare fall migrant; accidental in spring. Sept. 7, T. 1920, to Oct. 8, ’28, Dr. May “Items” XC, Rockport. May 13, ’28, M. Broun, Ipswich; May 17, T9, Fowler et al., Middleton, — both sight records. MOLTRNING WARBLER — Oporornis Philadelphia (Wilson). 679. Very rare migrant. May 20, T. 1920 to June 3, T. 1920. July 20, ’29, Morley, Swampscott, to Oct. 3, ’28, Townsend, Ipswich. NORTHERN YELLOW-THROAT — Geothlypis trichas brachi- dactyla (Swainson). 681d. Common summer resident. May 2, T. 1920, to Oct. 29, T. 1920; (Dec. 5, ’09, G. M. Bubier, Nahant; Dec. 6, ’03, Townsend, Ipswich. Usual, May 7-Oct. 10. YELLOW-BREASTED CLIAT — Icteria v. virens (Linnaeus). 683. Very rare summer visitant. Formerly, rare local sum¬ mer resident. Four records in last ten years. May 10, — W. A. Jeffries, Swampscott, to Oct. 27, T. 1920. HOODED WARBLER — Wilsonia citrina (Boddaert). 684. Casual summer visitant. Four records only. May 17, T6, Moulton, Nahant, to Aug. 30, ’13, G. M. Bubier, Nahant. May 25, ’28, Emilio, Lynn, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. WILSON’S WARBLER — Wilsonia p. pusilla (Wilson). 685. Uncommon spring and rare fall migrant. May 12, ’09, G. M. Bubier, Lynn, to June 10, T. 1920. Sept. 8, T. 1920 to Sept. 27, T. 1905; (Nov. 18, ’24, Emilio, Danvers, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. CANADA WARBLER — Wilsonia canadensis (Linnaeus). 686 > Uncommon migrant; rare summer resident. May 5, ’26. Emilio, Danvers, to Oct. 9, ’15, G. M. Bubier, Lynn. AMERICAN REDSTART — Setophaga ruticilla (Linnaeus). 687. Common summer resident. May 2, ’27, Griscom, Topsfield? to Oct. 14, T. 1920. Usual, May 6-Sept. 25. ENGLISH SPARROW — Passer d. domeslicus (Linnaeus). 688.2. Still a very common permanent resident. Much less abun¬ dant than formerly. BOBOLINK — Dolichonyx oryzivorus ( Linnaeus). 494. Common summer resident. Apr. 30, T. 1920, to Sept. 30, T. 1920. Usual, May 10-Sept. 10. 44 Bulletin of the 1931 EASTERN MEADOWLARK — Sturnella m. magna (Linnaeus). 501. Common permanent resident. Much less numerous in winter. EASTERN REDWING — Agelaius p. phoeniceus (Linnaeus). 498. Very common summer resident. Casual in winter. Feb. 25, ’30, Wilkinson, Hamilton, to Nov. 15, '24, Emilio, Danvers; (Nov. 29 and Dec. 24, ’27, Emilio, Danvers and Lynn; Jan. 2, ’27, Emilio, Lynn, female. Usual, Mch. 15- Aug. 20. Local flocks thereafter to Nov. 10. ORCHARD ORIOLE — Icterus spurius (Linnaeus). 506. Very rare and irregular summer resident. May 7, T. 1920, to Sept. 28, ’18, Townsend, Ipswich. BALTIMORE ORIOLE — Icterus galbula (Linnaeus). 507. Common summer resident. Casual in winter. Apr. 29, T. 1905, to Oct. 9, ’20, Stubbs, Lynn; (Dec. 1-9, ’28, Dr. May “Items” XCII, Peabody. Usual, May 6-Sept. 10. RUSTY BLACKBIRD — Euphagus carolinus (Muller). 509. Common migrant. Mch. 7, ’22, Emilio, Middleton, two, to May 25, ’29, Griscom, Boxford. Aug. 28, ’29, Stubbs, Middleton;) Sept. 10, Forbush “Bulletin” IX, Essex County, to Nov. 22, ’31, Emilio, Hamilton; (1912, Phillips, Danvers, flock of eight or more wintered. Usual, Mch. 15-May 10. Sept. 25-No v. 5. BRONZED GRACKLE — Quiscalus 'quiscula aeneus Ridgway. 511b. Very common summer resident. Even more common during migration. Occasional in winter. Feb. 26, ’30, Wilkinson, Hamilton, to Nov. 30, ’27; (1904, C. H. Keith, Wenham, three wintered; several records since. Usual, Mch. 15-Nov. 15. EASTERN COWBIRD — Molothrus a. ater (Boddaert). 495. Common summer resident. Mch. 12, ’30, Emilio, Newbur-y port, seven, to Nov. 11, ’30, Griscom; (Dec. 26, ’15-Jan. 15, T6, Stubbs and Bubier, Lynn; also winter dates in 1925, 1929, 1930. Usual, Mch. 25-Oct. 25. WESTERN TANAGER — Piranga ludoviciana (Wilson). 607. Accidental from the West. Two records only. Jan. 20, ’78, Lynn, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. August, 1927, Horace Ta3dor, Essex, immature male seen. SCARLET TANAGER — Piranga erythromelas Vieillot. 608. Uncommon summer resident. Apr. 30, T. 1905;) May 10, T. 1920, to Oct. 16, T. 1905; Oct. 27, ’29, Moulton. Usual, May 14-Oct. 1. SUMMER TANAGER — Piranga r. rubra (Linnaeus). 610. Accidental from the South. Five records. Apr. 21, ’52, Essex County Ornithological Club 45 Jillson, Lynn, two specimens taken, to July, 1888, Amos Killam, Boxford, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. EASTERN CARDINAL — Richmond ena c. cardinalis (Linnaeus). 593. Extremly rare and irregular visitant, probably only accidental. May appear at any time of year. Townsend gives a half-dozen records. ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK — Hedymeles ludovicianus (Linnaeus). 595. Uncommon summer resident; often quite numerous in spring migration. May 4, ’29, Moulton, Lynn, to Oct. 9, ’30, Stubbs, Swampscott; (Nov. 1, ’28, Townsend, Ipswich, specimen taken. Usual, May 10-Sept. 20. INDIGO BUNTING — Passerina cyanea (Linnaeus). 598. Very uncommon summer resident. Apr. 20, ’29, Griscom, Ipswich, specimen Mus., Comp. Zool.) May 9, T. 1905, to Oct. 5, Tl, G. M. Bubier, Lynn. EASTERN EVENING GROSBEAK — Hesperiphona v. vesper - tina (Cooper). 514. Irregular winter visitant, varying greatly in abundance. Sept. 15, T8, Forbush “Bulletin” X, Essex County;) Oct. 29, ’22, Emilio, Danvers, four, to May 19, T9, T. Barbour, Beverly, seventy-five plus. EASTERN PURPLE FINCH — Carpodacus p. purpureas (Gmelin). 517. Not uncommon permanent resident; local and less common in winter. CANADIAN PINE GROSBEAK — Pinicola enucleator leucura (Muller). 515. Irregular winter visitant; sometimes very common but more often rare. Oct. 27, ’03, S. M. Noyes, Georgetown, to Mch. 11, ’27, Emilio, Danvers, six. HOARY REDPOLL — Acanthis hornemanni exilipes (Coues). 527a. Very rare winter visitant, — perhaps only accidental. Two records. Nov. 16, ’78, W. A. Jeffries, Swampscott, speci¬ men taken; Dec. 29, TO, J. L. Peters et al ., bird collected at Ipswich. COMMON REDPOLL — Acanthis l. linaria (Linnaeus). 528. Irregularly common winter visitant. Oct. 20, ’08, Stubbs, Nahant, to Apr. 25, T. 1905. IIOLBOELL’S REDPOLL — Acanthis l. holboelli (Brehm). 528a* Very rare winter visitant, — perhaps only accidental. One record only. Mch. 26, ’83, Brewster, Swampscott, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. GREATER REDPOLL — Acanthis l. rostrata (Coues). 528b. Rare and irregular winter visitant. Jan. 29, ’07, Townsend, Ipswich, specimen taken, to Feb. 25, ’00, Townsend, Ipswich, specimen taken. 46 Bulletin of the 1931 NORTHERN PINE SISKIN — Spinusp. pinus (Wilson). 533. Irregularly common winter visitant. Sept. 20, ’25, Emilio, Middleton, to May 31, T. 1920. Usual, Oct. 15-May 15. EASTERN GOLDFINCH — Spinus, t. tristis (Linnaeus). 529. Common permanent resident. Irregular and less common in winter. RED CROSSBILL — Loxia curvirostra pusilla Gloger. 521. Irregular visitant. Generally comes in winter. Oct. 24, T. 1920, to May 25, T. 1920; (July 12, ’03, Townsend, Ipswich. WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL — Loxia leucoptera Gmelin. 522. Rare and irregular winter visitant. Oct. 24, ’06, Townsend, Wenham, to late April, 1869, Maynard, Ipswich. RED-EYED TOWHEE — Pipilo e. erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus). 587. Common summer resident; casual in winter. Apr. 17, ’27, Moon, Lynn, to Oct. 18, ’25, Emilio et al., Boxford; (Nov. 28, Dec. 4, Jan. 9, etc. Usual, Apr. 28-Oct. 10. LARK BUNTING — Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger. 605. Accidental from the West. One record only, Dec. 5, ’77, N. Yickary, Lynn, specimen B. S. N. H. IPSWICH SPARROW — Passerculus princeps Maynard. 541. Uncommon fall migrant and rare winter visitant, coastwise. Oct. 4, ’25, Emilio et al., Ipswich, to May 20, ’28, Griscom, Ipswich. EASTERN SAVANNAH SPARROW — Passerculus sand- ivichensis savanna (Wilson). 542a. Very common migrant; common local summer resident. Mch. 10, ’30, Townsend, Ipswich, to Nov. 15, ’24, Emilio, Danvers; (Jan. 18, ’02, R. H. Howe, Ipswich, specimen taken; Jan. 21, ’25, Emilio, Danvers. Usual, Apr. 1-Nov. 5. LABRADOR SAVANNAH SPARROW — Passerculus sand- wichensis labradorius Howe. 542d. Migrant, relative abundance unknown. Apr. 19, ’02, C. E. Brown, Ipswich, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem; Oct. 3, ’25, Emilio, Danvers, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. EASTERN GRASSHOPPER SPARROW — Ammodramus savan- narum australis Maynard. 546. Very rare and irregular summer resident. May 10, T. 1905, to Aug. 21, ’21, Emilio, Middleton. EASTERN HENSLOW’S SPARROW — Passerherbulus henslowi susurrans Brewster. 547. Extremely rare and irregular summer resident. Not detected in last ten years. May 4, T3, G. M. Bubier, Lynn field, to September, T. 1905. Essex County Ornithological Club 47 ACADIAN SPARROW — Ammospiza caudacuta subvirgata (Dwight). 549.1a. Common migrant, coastwise. May 23, T. 1905, to June 11, T. 1905, shot. Sept. 2, T. 1920, to Nov. 5, T. 1905. Confined to salt marshes. SHARP-TAILED SPARROW — Ammospiza c. caudacuta (Gmelin). 549. Uncommon local summer resident. May 16, HI, Stubbs, Lynn, to Nov. 8, T. 1905. Usual, May 25- Oct. 15. NELSON’S SPARROW — Ammospiza caudacuta nelsoni (Allen). 549.1. Very rare fall migrant. Sept. 25, T. 1905, to Oct. 13, T. 1905. NORTHERN SEASIDE SPARROW — Ammospiza m. maritima (Wilson). 550. Accidental from the South. One record onlv. August, 1877, G. O. Welch, Nahant, specimen B. S. N. H. EASTERN VESPER SPARROW — Pooecetes g. gramineus (Gmelin). 540. Common summer resident. Mch. 13, ’21, B. S. Griffin, West Newbury, to Nov. 10, T. 1920. Usual Apr. 5-Oct. 20. EASTERN LARK SPARROW — Chondestes g. grammacus (Say). 552. Very rare visitant from the West. Nine records. Aug. 12, ’05, Townsend, Ipswich, to Oct. 14, ’30, Wolfe, Boxford, flock. Aug. 27, ’79, W. S. Townsend, specimen taken. SLATE-COLORED JUNCO — Junco h. hyemalis (Linnaeus)- 567. Very common migrant; common winter resident; occasional in summer. Sept. 2, ’05, F. H. Allen, Boxford, juvenal;) Sept. 3, ’04, Townsend, Groveland, to May 29, ’25, Morley, Swampscott; (July 26, ’13, Miss E. D. Board- man, Manchester. Usual, Sept. 25-May 5. SHUFELDT’S JUNCO — Junco oreganus shufeldti Coale. 567b. Accidental from the West. One record. Jan. 30, ’31, Town¬ send, Ipswich, specimen Peab. Mus., Salem. Bird first seen in December, ’30. EASTERN TREE SPARROW — Spizella a . arborea (Wilson). 559. Very common migrant and winter visitant. Sept. 24, ’21, Moulton, Boxford;) Oct. 7, T. 1905, to May 2, ’29, Osborne, Peabody; (May 20, ’17, F. P. Spalding, Ipswich River. Usual, Oct. 25-Apr. 25. EASTERN CHIPPING SPARROW — Spizella p. passerina (Bechstein). 560. Very common summer resident; casual in winter. Mch. 24, T. 1905, to Dec. 7, ’24, Teel, Danvers; (January, 1929, Mrs. Conley, Topsfield. Usual, Apr. 15- Nov. 1. 48 Bulletin of the 1931 EASTERN FIELD SPARROW — Spizella p. pusilla (Wilson). 563. Not uncommon summer resident; occasional in winter. Mch. 13, ’21, B. S. Griffin, Haverhill, to Nov. 28, ’28, Stubbs, Lynn; (Jan. 6 et seq. 1923, Morley, Swampscott; Feb. 26, ’28; Jan. 27, ’29; January, 1930. Usual, Apr. 10-Oct. 25. WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW — Zonotrichia l. leucophrys (Forster). 554. Uncommon migrant. Mch. 25, ’28, Whit¬ ney, Danvers;) May 6, ’30, Morley, Swampscott, to May 30, ’17, G. M. Bubier, Lynn. Sept. 23, ’31, Stubbs, Ipswich, to Nov. 30, T9, Lawson, Ipswich; (Dec. 17, TO, J. L. Peters, Gloucester. Usual, May 12-25. Oct. 5-Nov. 1. WHITE-THROATED SPARROW — Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmelin). 558. Common migrant; occasional summer resi¬ dent and winter resident. Usual migration dates, Apr. 25- May 20. Sept. 20-Nov. 10. EASTERN FOX SPARROW — Passerella i. iliaca (Merrem). 585. Very common migrant; occasional in winter. Mch. 12, ’22, Emilio, Danvers, four, to May 2, ’78, W. A. Jeffries, Swampscott. Oct. 14, T. 1920, to Jan. 1, ’23, etc. Usual, Mch. 18-Apr. 15. Oct. 20-Nov. 20. LINCOLN’S SPARROW — Melospiza l. lincolni (Audubon). 583. Rare migrant. May 10, ’29, Emilio, Boxford, to May 31, ’03, Townsend, Ipswich, specimen taken. Aug. 30, T. 1920, to Oct. 14, T. 1905; (Nov. 3, ’28, Dr. May “Items” XCI, Nahant. SWAMP SPARROW — Melospiza georgiana (Latham). 584. Common migrant and less common summer resident; rare in winter. Apr. 2, T. 1920, to Nov. 16, T. 1920; (Jan. 10, ’02, C. E. Brown, Beverly, specimen taken; etc. Usual, Apr. 10- Nov. 10. EASTERN SONG SPARROW — Melospiza melodia melodia (Wilson). 581. Abundant migrant; very common summer resident; rare winter resident. Usual, Mch. 10-Nov. 1. LAPLAND LONGSPUR— C alcarias l. lapponicus (Linnaeus). 536. Uncommon fall migrant; rare winter visitant and spring migrant. Sept. 29, ’31, Griscom, Ipswich, two, to May 1, ’77, Swampscott, specimen B. S. N. H. CHESTNUT-COLLARED LONGSPUR — Calcarius ornatus (Townsend). 538. Accidental from the West. One record. July 28, ’76, Townsend, Gloucester, specimen B. S. N. H. EASTERN SNOW BUNTING — Plectrophenax n. nivalis (Lin¬ naeus). 534. Common migrant and winter visitant. Oct. 12, T. 1905, to Apr. 19, T. 1920. Usual, Oct. 28-Mch. 20. Essex County Ornithological Club 49 SUPPLEMENTARY LIST PACIFIC LOON — Gavia arctica pacifica (Lawrence). 10. Reported seen January 1, 1929, at Rockport and again in 1930. The only New England specimen was secured at Hampton, N. H., in May, 1910. Another bird was taken on Long Island, N. Y., April 29, 1893. WESTERN GREBE — Aechmophorus occidentalis ( Lawrence). 1. Observed May 30, 1922, at Ipswich as recorded in this Bulletin for 1922, p. 59 et seq. Another was seen at Long Island, N. Y., May 21, 1916, as recorded in the Hypothetical List of the “Birds of the New York City Region” by Griscom in 1923. There are no specimens recorded from the Atlantic coast. EASTERN BROWN PELICAN — Pelecanus o. occidentalis Linnaeus. 126. Two were seen in 1867 by J. F. LeBaron at Ipswich and four there on June 7, 1922, by C. J. Maynard. There are four other records, substantiated by specimens in each case, for New England. WOOD IBIS — Myderia americana Linnaeus. 188. A specimen was alleged to have been taken at Georgetown, June 19, 1880. “The authenticity of the alleged capture (by an untrustworthy person) has since been investigated with care without eliciting any evidence to impeach the record.” Under the circumstances we feel the bird belongs in the Hypothetical List. GREATER SNOW GOOSE — Chen atlantica Kennard. 169a. Only a few stragglers are believed now to reach eastward to the New England coast in spring and fall migrations. No specimens are recorded from this county in the last seventy or more years. EUROPEAN TEAL — Nettion crecca (Linnaeus). 138. A drake was seen November 22, 1931 at West Newbury and all the distinguishing marks carefully noted by several very competent observers. This species appears to be of casual occurrence in New England as there are at least a half dozen records attested by specimens. LABRADOR DUCK — Camptorhynchus labradorius Gmelin. 156. Extinct. Formerly ranged from Labrador to Chesa¬ peake Bay. No known occurrence for over fifty years. NORTHERN EIDER — Sornateria mollissima borealis (Brehm). 159. A few birds of this race venture southward as far as Cape Cod. It is not recorded yet from this County, where it may be expected to occur. 50 Bulletin of the 1931 NORTHERN BALD EAGLE — Haliaeetus leucocephalus alas canus (Townsend). 352a. A few birds of this race reach southward to Massachusetts in winter. It is not yet re¬ corded from this County which is the most northern in the state. WHITE GYRFALCON — Falco rusticolus candicans Gmelin* 353. Recorded as seen January 20, 1912, at Rowley.1 There is but one specimen of this white phase for all New England, — from northern Maine. No mere sight record can properly establish it as a bird of Massachusetts or Essex County and we therefore relegate it to the Hypothetical List. The Gyrfalcon, formerly known as F. r. gyrfalco is now con¬ sidered merely a color phase of the above. This form or color phase has been recorded and the records substantiated by specimens several times in New England, but there is no record whatever from this County. The Gray Gyrfalcon, formerly known as F. r. rusticolus , is also considered now only a color phase of candicans. There is but one New England record and specimen, — from south¬ ern Maine. HEATH HEN — Tympanuchus c. cupido (Linnaeus). 306. Formerly a permanent resident, long since extirpated and now extinct. The western race of this species called the Greater Prairie Chicken, T. c. americanus 2 (Reichenbach), is NOT extinct but is not found east of Indiana. EASTERN TURKEY — Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Vieillot. 310a. Formerly a common permanent resident, long since extirpated; (see Bulletin for 1921, p. 5 et seq.). SANDHILL CRANE — Grus canadensis labida (Peters). 206. “ Apparently more or less common during settlement, (of the Colonies) now practically extirpated — may appear again in New England as an accidental straggler.” Forbush, 1925. Probably occurred at Suntaug Pond in 1889 as recorded in the Bulletin for 1925, p. 42, and in addition, three birds were reported seen and heard on October 6, 1920, in Essex County. ESKIMO CURLEW — Phaeopus borealis (Forster). 266. Formerly a periodically abundant fall migrant coastwise, of only accidental occurrence in spring. It is now thought to be extinct, — the last known specimen from this County was secured August 27, 1908. NORTHERN SKUA — Catharacta skua Briinnich. 35. Recorded seen at Ipswich September 17, 1878, and also 1 T. 1920, p. 106. 2 pinnata (Brewster) Essex County Ornithological Club 51 reported seen at Rockport February 19, 1928. This bird rarely approaches land and there seems to be no New England specimen except the bird taken in 1884 at Pollock Rip, hence it remains in the Hypothetical List. SABINE’S GULL — Xenia sabini (Sabine). 62. Reported seen at Gloucester September 16, 1928. This species is probably a very rare migrant and if so a specimen will ultimately be taken and the bird can then appear in the regular list. At present, its occurrence is considered only hypothetical. GREAT AUK — Plautus impennis (Linnaeus). 33. Formerly ranged from Greenland to Florida and possibly bred in Massachusetts. Extinct. PASSENGER PIGEON — Ectopistes migratorius (Linnaeus). 315. Formerly an abundant migrant and common summer resi¬ dent. Extinct. NORTHERN RAVEN — Corvus corax principalis Ridgway. 486a. Reported seen November 11, 1922, at Ipswich. There are no other records whatever from this County in a great many years but the bird is a rare resident coastwise in Maine and might easily stray this far. In the absence of a specimen we list it, of course, with the Hypotheticals. GREENLAND WHEATEAR — Oenanthe o. leucorhoa (Gmelin). 765a. Recorded as seen September 17, 1910, at Rockport and reported also seen January 27, 1929, at Nahant. Strag¬ glers of this species are recorded all the way from Canada to Cuba and Louisiana but we have no local specimen and until one is secured we prefer to place the bird in the Hypothetical List. BLUE-WINGED WARBLER — Vermivora pinus (Linnaeus). 641. This is an accidental visitor from the South. One is recorded by Townsend, 1920, seen at Manchester September 1, 1913, and again on the 15th. There are many other records of the occurrence of this species — and two of its breeding, in the southeastern part of the state, but no specimen has been secured in this County. GOLDEN-CHEEKED WARBLER — Dendroica chrysoparia Sclater and Salvin. 666. This bird, which normally reaches the United States only in a portion of Texas, has been reported seen in Massachusetts at least twice. One of these occurrences was on June 13, 1921, in Topsfield of this County. It is debatable whether to include it even as a Hypothetical. 52 Bulletin of the 1931 YELLOW-THROATED WARBLER — Dendroica dominica (Lin¬ naeus). 663. Twice reported seen in the County, May 22, 1918, and September 26, 1922, Rockport in both cases. This bird has been seen also at other parts of the state in recent years though the only New England specimen dates back to 1869. It must be included in our Hypothetical list. LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH — Seiurus motacilla (Vieillot). 676. There is at least one quite credible sight record of this bird for the County, July 24, 1919, at Marblehead, but no specimen has been secured. YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRD — Xanthocephalus xantho- cephalus (Bonaparte). 497. Again we have a wholly credi¬ ble sight record, — a bird in female plumage seen September 17, 1917, at Ipswich. A male, also, has been reported but no specimen of either sex has ever been secured in this County. The New England records are few. EASTERN BLUE GROSBEAK — Guiraca c. caerulea (Linnaeus)- 597. Reports in New England of this species are very numerous, exceeding sixty, but there is an astonishing scar¬ city of specimens. For this County there are two sight records only, July 3 and 4, 1928, Ipswich, and September 23, 1923, Danvers. A recent specimen was taken in the fall of 1929 on Cape Cod. DICKCISSEL — Spiza americana (Ginelin). 604. This is the fifth species listed as extirpated from the County. Until nearly 1880 it was a rare summer resident, since then it has been a mere accidental visitor here, and there are no recent specimens. It was seen at Rockport, October 4, 6 and 7, 1929, and there are other reports of its occurrence. At present it is not known to breed within about eight hundred miles. NEWFOUNDLAND CROSSBILL — Loxia curvirostra percna Bent. 521b. This race of the Red Crossbill has not yet been detected in the County but there are many specimens from eastern Massachusetts and it has doubtless occurred here. Essex County Ornithological Club 53 THE DESERTION OF THE HERONRIES IN THE IPSWICH DUNES Charles W. Townsend In May and June, 1931, I found that the populous heronries in the two large pitch pine groves of the Ipswich dunes were devoid of breeding Black-crowned Night Herons. No cloud of herons arose over the trees at my approach. No deafening cries of young and old were to be heard. The ground, bushes and trees, which in former years had been white with droppings, and where the odor had been overpowering, were now clean, and fragrant only of the pines. The unusual silence there, except for the cheerful songs of Maryland Yellow-throats, Redstarts and other birds, was most surprising. The sand and mud flats of the neighboring creeks and estuaries, formerly abounding in Night Herons even in the daytime, all intent on procuring fish for their young, were noticeably deserted of these birds. Comparatively few were to be seen. The southerly pine grove where the original heronry was established had diminished in popularity for the herons since 1926 when raccoons first appeared there, or rather their tracks, for the animal itself, largely nocturnal in habits, has almost never been seen in the dunes. From that time on, the northerly grove has be¬ come more popular. In the spring and summer of 1931, a con¬ siderable number of empty nests were still to be seen in the southerly grove and a large number in the northerly grove. These nests, although flimsy in appearance, are firmly constructed by the inter-weaving of the sticks, so that they survive many winters and are undoubtedly used by the birds over and over again. No mere laying of one twig on another would result in such firm structures, which are sometimes blown from the tree intact. This spring and summer of 1931 I have often seen Night Herons flying north towards Plum Island and I believe our birds have taken up their residence there, for the heronry on this island has more than doubled in size. The distance from the Ipswich heronries is about four miles. Although Night Herons had previously roosted in the southerly grove of pines in the Ipswich dunes, it was not until 1916 that I found their nests there, some 25 in all. These in¬ creased in numbers yearly, and, in 1918, a census taken in Decem¬ ber of the nests showed the numbers to be at least 761. The heronry in the northerly grove a few hundred yards from the southerly grove was begun in 1923. I had supposed that the raccoons and Great Horned Owls — the latter having nested there for the last three years at least — 54 Bulletin of the 1931 had driven many herons to change their residence to the northerly grove, and, as doubtless the persecutions continued in the north¬ erly grove, it is possible that they were the cause of the desertion of both of these heronries. It is to be noted, however, that none of the Great Horned Owl pellets, many of which were found in both groves, contained the remains of herons. Brown rats’ bones and fur abounded in the pellets. Persecution by man is generally the cause of the desertion of a heronry. Sometimes so many trees are killed by the excre¬ tions of the herons that the grove ceases to be adapted to herons’ nests. Whether the heron droppings kill the trees by the action of the concentrated fertilizer on the roots or by their action on the leaves of the trees, I do not know, but it is possible that the deleterious effects may be due to both causes. A third cause for desertion of heronries in sand dune regions may be the over¬ whelming of the trees by dune movement. None of these can be responsible for the desertion here. There has been no persecution by man, no shooting of birds or stealing of eggs and very few people visit the heronries or disturb the nesting birds. Although some single trees and even small groups of trees — pitch pines, maples, gray birches — have died and their branches or the whole tree fallen, both groves are still in a very flourishing condition and the blowing sand has not dis¬ turbed them to any extent. We must therefor conclude that, unless a sudden wayward fancy or wanderlust has seized this group of herons, the breeding Great Horned Owls and the tree¬ climbing raccoons were the causes of the desertion of the Ipswich heronries. PLUM ISLAND WILD LIFE RESERVATION Laurence B. Fletcher* Plum Island is a long, narrow island lying parallel to the shore of north-eastern Massachusetts between the mouths of the Merrimac and Ipswich rivers. It is separated from the mainland at its northern end by a strip of marsh, inundated by high tides, and a tidal creek which gradually broadens into a sound nearly a mile across at the southern part. The island is nine or ten miles long and about half a mile wide. It is composed chiefly of sand which lies on submerged drumlins. On the ocean side is a line of shifting dunes bordering a hard, sandy beach; on the landward side, where the island slopes downward, is a wide marshy tract in which, near the southern end of the island, is a large pond. * Secretary, Federation of the Bird Clubs of New England , Inc. Essex County Ornithological Club 55 The island is sparsely covered by sand-loving plants — beach grass, beach pea, beach plum, bayberry and Hudsonia (tomentosa) — tangles of catbriar and poison ivy, and, growing singly and in groups, oaks, maples, birches, poplars and pitch pines. The late Edward Howe Forbush, first President of the Feder¬ ation of the Bird Clubs of New England, Inc., said to the sanctu¬ ary committee, “Secure Plum Island and make it a bird sanctuary, for in my opinion it is the most important region on our coast.’ ’ The committee was also urged by Dr. John C. Phillips to make every effort to secure this island. In 1929, Miss Annie H. Brown, of Stoneham, a lover of birds, died leaving $15,000 for the purchase of a wild life sanctuary to bear her name, also $10,000 for its maintenance. The sanctuary committee of the Federation was successful in persuading the Executors to purchase a tract, of land of some 300 acres on Plum Island for such a sanctuary. Since the acquisition of the Annie H. Brown sanctuary two other tracts have been added to this reservation by the Federation amounting to some 600 acres which now gives a beach-front of about two miles. During 1931 the Massachusetts Audubon Society purchased a tract of land of some 75 acres, which adjoins the Annie H. Brown Reservation, which will also become a wild Jife sanctuary. The southern end of the island, of some 400 acres, is yet to be pur¬ chased. Owing to the fact that it is owned by a Realty Company, complications necessitate the postponement of its purchase. The sanctuary committee of the Federation maintains a permanent warden, Air. Charles A. Safford, who patrols most of the island to prevent shooting. In a recent report he gives a list of almost fifty people who have been interrogated by him, many of whom have been found breaking the law. The sanctuary com¬ mittee is pleased to report, however, that owing to Air. Safford’s activities this law-breaking has been greatly curtailed. Essex County is particularly fortunate in having Plum Island as a wild life reservation added to the list of sanctuaries already in that County. These are as follows : Ram Island, 5 acres, Merrimac River, adjoining Carr’s Island. Carr’s Island, The Isaac Sprague Wild Life Sanctuary, 115 acres, in Newburyport, Merrimac River. Milk Island, off Rockport, 15 acres. Boxford Wild Life Sanctuary, at Boxford, of about 300 acres. Henry Cabot Lodge Bird Sanctuary at Nahant. Old Town Hill, Newbury, 25 acres. 56 Bulletin of the 1931 ANNOTATED LIST OF BIRDS OBSERVED BY TOE ESSEX COUNTY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB ’ DURING 1931 A. P. Stubbs, Recorder The data for our 1931 Annotated List are the result of a goodly number of well planned field trips shared in by a fair pro¬ portion of the membership and covering the eastern half of the County rather more thoroughly than in past years. While there have been several pleasing surprises in finding rare and unusual bird visitors, bird life as a whole has been rather below normal in number of species and of individuals. It has been thought best to list only the more important species, omitting those the movements and numbers of which have varied little from the averages of past years. The following weather summary has been compiled from the monthly weather report of the Lynn Daily Item. January and February were normal in temperature with a rather scant snow-fall, eleven inches during each month. March warmed to a few degrees above normal and gave us twelve inches of snow. April was also above normal in temperature with much high wind and only two inches of snow. Peach and cherry trees were in bloom on April 28. During May the temperature and rain-fall were above normal. There were four thunder showers and there were light- scattering frosts on two days. On seven days the thermometer went to 80° and on three of these to 90°, but there were no pro¬ nounced periods of warmth resulting in distinct waves of migra¬ tion. June was a most unusual month. The excess in rain-fall was over six inches and there was a heat wave of great intensity. July was a hot dry month, while August was more endurable although at times it was very warm and dry. Both temperature and rain¬ fall were somewhat above normal but the number of clear and fine days were only three below the normal average of eighteen, in spite of the excess in rain-fall. September was a fine month with nineteen fair days and a temperature much above normal. October was also fair and warm with twenty fair days and a small rain-fall. Frost occurred on only four days. November was the warmest in a long period of years, rain was two inches below normal and there was frost on only seven days. The first- snow of the season just whitened the ground on November 27. Essex County Ornithological Club 57 December as a whole was unusually mild with two light snows which quickly dissappeared. The ponds were frozen but so thinly iced as to make skating dangerous. What rain there was did not raise the rivers to any great extent. Average daily temperatures by the month were: — January, 23.87 degrees, February, 25.80, March, 35.24, April, 41.81, May, 55.23, June, 61.56, July, 68.20, August, 66.08, September, 64.02, October, 50.26, November, 42.89, December, 30.67. The List which follows is arranged according to the new A. O. U. order and as explained above is not a complete list of the birds observed during the year. Gannet. April 12, Griscom; September 23, Emilio to December 27, Griscom et al. The late date is a particularly good one. Egret. May 10, Emilio, Griscom and Lawson, Lynnfield. This is the third spring record for the County. Little Blue Heron. May 10, Emilio, Griscom and Lawson, Lynn¬ field. August 23, Griscom and Walcott; August 26, Morley, Townsend and Stubbs; September 13, Emilio and Stubbs. Least Bittern. May 20, 24, 30, Griscom et al. The characteristic dove-like song was heard on the above dates at Reedy Meadows, Lynnfield. Mallard. January 18, March 8, April 5, September 29, October 25, November 1. This series of dates is the work of several observers and the birds were seen at different points in the County. Apparently wild Mallards are becoming more common. Baldpate. October 12, Emilio; November 22 and December 27, Griscom. Only these three dates for the year, the last being an extraordinarily late one. Pintail. Seen by various observers during Feburary and March and at Clark’s Pond on April 8; first fall date September 24. Dr. May, two at Manchester on December 27. The species was fairly numerous during both spring and fall. Green-winged Teal. April 8 to May 13; September 24 to Decem¬ ber 27. A notably common species this year. Blue-winged Teal. August 20, Griscom and Walcott, October 12. Emilio. An uncommon bird this year. Shoveller. A single male was seen by Griscom and his party in Annisquam River on December 27. Wood Duck. April 4, Lawson to December 31, Emilio. This new late date for the County was made at Manchester. 68 Bulletin of the 1931 Ring-necked Duck. January 21, Newburyport, Emilio and Stubbs; November 1, Merrimac River, West Newbury, Griscom, Emilio and Walcott. The January date is the second known mid-winter occurrence locally. Canvas-back Duck. March 22, Griscom, March 23, Emilio. Both are records of the same bird at Newbury port, being the only known spring records. Lesser Scaup. February 8, Griscom and Lawson, Newburyport; December 27, Dr. May at Gloucester. Each is a new extreme date for the County. Barrow’s Golden-eye. January 18, Emilio and Stubbs. February 7, Griscom, C. A. Urner and J. F. Street. Seen fewer times than for several years. Ruddy Duck. March 22 and April 5, Griscom; June 21, Babson; see page 62; November 1 and 22, Griscom et al. Hooded Merganser. August 18, Nichols to December 27, Gris¬ com et al. The August bird was seen with a bunch of tame ducks and geese in a pond on the North Shore Golf Links, Salem. The December birds were seen in Annisquam River. Red-breasted Merganser. Beside numerous records of the pres¬ ence of this species during its normal seasons we have two by Townsend from Clark’s Pond, Ipswich, June 24 and July 1. Goshawk. January 24 and 25, Lawson. A rare species this year. Red-tailed Hawk. February 8, Emilio, Griscom and Lawson. Golden Eagle. February 8, Emilio, Griscom, Lawson et al. A carefully checked sight record at Rowley. Bald Eagle. December 27, George E. Benson, at Wenham Lake. Duck Hawk. April 15, Townsend to May 22 and 24, Griscom; August 30 to November 12, Emilio. A very good range of dates for an uncommon species and an unusual spring date, a new early one by twenty-nine days. Pigeon Hawk. May 3 to 27, Griscom; September 29 to October 12, Emilio. King Rail. May 20, 22, 24, Griscom et al. Heard in the Reedy Meadows, Lynn field. Florida Gallinule. November 1, Griscom et al. Three birds seen in Artichoke Reservoir, — a new late date. Coot. October 12 to November 29, Emilio. Piping Plover. April 5 to September 15, Townsend. Killdeer. January 4, F. H. Allen and Griscom; March 15 to November 11, Emilio. Golden Plover. August 25, Townsend to November 1, Griscom et al. Essex County Ornithological Club 59 Ruddy Turnstone. May 17, Ipswich River Trip to May 27, Emilio and Griscom; August 5, Griscom to September 2, Emilio and Stubbs. Purple Sandpiper. May 22, Emilio and Griscom; December 27, Griscom. Very late spring date. Baird’s Sandpiper. August 20, Griscom and Walcott to Sep¬ tember 16, Emilio and Townsend. On the latter date one was collected out of a pair seen. R ed-backed Sandpiper. May 20 to June 3, Emilio and Stubbs; September 23, Townsend to November 22, Griscom et al. Do witcher. May 20, Emilio and Stubbs to May 27, Griscom and Walcott; July 2, Townsend to September 15, Emilio and Morley. A very good range of dates. Long-billed Dowitcher. August 5, Griscom et al. One adult female seen at Clark’s Pond, Ipswich. Stilt Sandpiper. July 30 and August 5, C. E. Clarke, August 20, Griscom and Walcott, all at Clark’s Pond; September 2, Emilio and Stubbs at “Sow and Pigs,” Lynn. An unusual number of dates for this species. Buff-breasted Sandpiper. August 23, Townsend. A single bird seen at Clark’s Pond. Sanderling. March 4, Emilio and Stubbs; May 10, Emilio and Griscom to June 7, Emilio; August 5 to November 22, Griscom et al. The March record was made at Marblehead Neck where a small flock had probably wintered as they had been reported by other observers a short time previously. Wilson’s Phalarope. September 15, Emilio and Morley. Two or more birds among the tin cans of a dirty puddle in Lynn public dump. Parasitic Jaeger. May 19, Wilkinson. This is an early date for either of the common species of Jaegers. Glaucous Gull. May 27, Griscom; December 27, Griscom et al. The spring date is an especially late one. Iceland Gull. June 7, at the mouth of the Merrimac River, Emilio and Stubbs. This is a new late spring record. Great Black-backed Gull. Bred in Salem Harbor, 1931. A young gull unable to fly was collected by Eaton and Means. See page 4. Ring-billed Gull. February 23 to June 7, Emilio; August 5, Griscom et al. to September 30, Emilio. This species is becoming, apparently, a common and fairly regular visitor. Laughing Gull. May 3, Emilio and Griscom to November 22, Griscom et al and Townsend. On the November date the 60 Bulletin of the 1931 Griscom party saw eight birds at Newbury port and Town¬ send saw twenty-four at Ipswich, — an unprecedented late date in such numbers. Bonaparte’s Gull. Reported during every month in the year except October and has been present during November and December by thousands along shore. Black Tern. May 27, Griscom, Walcott et at. Earliest spring record. Very rarely seen before July. Mourning Dove. January 11 and 14, about the Club Camp; April 5, Griscom to November 22, Dr. Phillips. Long-eared Owl. June 18, Moulton; September 16, Emilio and Stubbs. The latter record was of a pair hawking over the meadows at Camp, calling loudly for over half an hour. Saw-whet Owl. February 7, about the premises of Mr. Preston in Danvers. November 23 one was deftly caught in a butter¬ fly net by A. P. Morse on the grounds of the Peabody Museum, Salem. Whip-poor-will. May 7, Wolfe to September 20, Dickson. A very good range of dates. Ruby-throated Hummingbird. May 16, Ipswich River Trip to September 26, Dickson. Northern Pileated Woodpecker. December 27, Dunbar Lock- wood. Seen in Boxford in the vicinity of Crooked Pond Reservation. This is the fifth record for the County. The latest definite record having been made thirty-five years previously. Gray Kingbird. November 22, Griscom et al. Collected in West Newbury. First record since 1869, which was a primal record for the County, State and New England. Arkansas Kingbird. September 13, seen by Emilio and Stubbs at the Fay Estate, Lynn; November 10, collected by Emilio in Danvers. Although several birds of this species have been seen in the County in past years, its collection on November 10 gives us the first County specimen. Crested Flycatcher. May 17, Stubbs to September 1, Emilio; December 7 to 30, Shreve. These remarkable dates are of a bird seen about the Shreve grounds in Salem. The identifi¬ cation was confirmed by Emilio. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. May 27 or 28, Shreve. Discovered in a railroad coach in Salem depot, train having come from Rockport. Alder Flycatcher. May 22, Emilio and Griscom to June 25, Emilio. Apparently increasing in numbers at Reedy Meadows, Lynnfield. Olive-sided Flycatcher. June 25, Emilio, Townsend and Stubbs. Seen and heard at the Kelsey Nurseries in Boxford. Essex County Ornithological Club 61 Prairie Horned Lark. March 22 to October 28, Emilio. A good range of dates. Tree Swallow. April 3, Townsend to November 1, Emilio and November 4, Stubbs. Two unusually late dates. Barn Swallow. April 24, Preston to September 16, Emilio; November 4, Emilio and Stubbs at Nahant. A new late fall date by nearly a month. Large numbers of migrating swallows were seen at even later dates on Cape Cod. Prairie (Long-billed) Marsh Wren. May 10 to June 25, Emilio. In song at Lake Quannapowitt on October 25. Emilio and Stubbs. Mockingbird. May 20, Emilio and Stubbs. Seen at the northern end of Plum Island. Catbird. April 1, Col. Ropes, probably a wintering bird; May 6, Emilio to November 29, Moon. A very late fall date. Brown Thrasher. January, February, March, April 10, a winter-, ing bird at the Fay Estate, Lynn; April 10, Foster’s Pond Swampscott. April 27, Brown to September 27, Stubbs. Northern Shrike. April 10, Osborne; November 4, Emilio. Numerous during early part of the year but rare during the later part. Orange-crowned Warbler. December 27, Manchester, Seth H. Low, et al. A very rare species in Essex County. Palm Warbler. May 2, Townsend; September 29 and 3 0, Emilio. Spring dates are almost unknown. Rusty Blackbird. February 22, Osborne to May 16, Ipswich River Trip; September 29 to November 22, Emilio. Very good range of dates. Redpoll. January 24, Lawson. Sole record for the year. Red Crossbill. November 11, Low at Ipswich. After this date it were fairly common. Has been rare for several years. White-winged Crossbill. February 1, C. P. Preston; May 3, Griscom; May 9, Wolfe; November 21, Townsend. Red-eyed Towhee. January 5, Dickson to March 25, Emilio and Stubbs; May 5, Moon to October 22, Morley. December 27, Gloucester, Dr. May, see page 65. Ipswich Sparrow. April 5, Townsend; October 7, Emilio and Stubbs. Seen as it should be at Ipswich. Shufeldt’s Junco. Seen in December, 1930, and collected on January 30, 1931, by Townsend at his feeding shelf in Ipswich. Specimen is now in the Peabody Museum, Salem. White-crowned Sparrow. May 10, Porter to May 18, Moon; September 23, Emilio and Stubbs. A new early fall date. Lapland Longspur. February 25, Emilio and Morley; September 29, Emilio and Griscom; December 27, Lawson et al. 62 Bulletin of the RUDDY DUCKS BREEDING Edward Babson On Sunday, June 21, 1931, while riding from East Groveland to West Newbury on Middle Street, in West Newbury, and just as I was about to cross “T” Bridge on Beaver Brook, I chanced to see a small sized duck bathing in the reedy pool just below the bridge. At first notice, I thought it to be a Wood Duck. By the time I had stopped my car to investigate, foliage prevented me from doing so, so I backed up onto the bridge just in time to see two young ducks disappear into the reeds. The duck which had been bathing was aware of my presence, had its head up and was swimming off down stream into the reed bed. I immediately identified it as a Ruddy Duck, and just at this juncture the male Ruddy which I had not noticed till then, half flew and skidded to the female from an old tree limb that protrudes from the water at the lower end of the pool. Both adult Ruddies quickly dis¬ appeared down stream in a screen of reeds, and I saw no more of the young. Never having seen a Ruddy Duck anywhere about here in spring, or at this season, especially with young, I was interested enough to make inquiries of others. Dr. Phillips and I visited this spot on the 25th instant in search of them, but to no avail, since this was rather a cursory Essex County Ornithological Club 63 search by reason of his health and the nature of the going in this shallow, soft bottomed and densely reeded stream. He tells me that there is one other record of their breeding in this state, and that on Cape Cod, and that it is customary for them to choose reedy places and for the male Ruddy to accompany the female and young. A NEW BIRD TO ESSEN COUNTY Charles W. Townsend Although I have already published this note in “The Auk” for April, 1931, vol. 48, p. 24, it is appropriate that it should be en¬ tered here in The Bulletin : In December, 1930, among the dozen or more Slate-colored Juncos at a feeding station at my house at Ipswich, Mass., I noticed one that was plainly different and evidently a western form. I was on the point of collecting it when it disappeared. I was away most of January, but on my return, I found the western Junco still in attendance, and noted his points before collecting him on January 30, 1931. The most noticeable ways in which he differed from Junco hyemalis hyemalis were huffish pink sides instead of slate-gray; a black head and neck especially in front instead of a slate-colored one; a slightly brownish back contrasting with the black head instead of a uniform slate color for both as in the adult hyemalis , and a slightly pinkish instead of a white bill. The lower edge of his dark bib seemed to curve downwards instead of cutting straight across as in hyemalis. He was often attacked by our home Juncos as if they recognized his alien character, but as the group was very quarrelsome I can not state positively that he received more vicious thrusts than the others although this seemed to be the case. At the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Mr. Outram Bangs and Mr. Ludlow Griscom identified the specimen as ShufeldPs Junco, and I have presented it to the Peabody Museum in Salem for the collection of Essex County birds. It proved to be an adult male. It is a new bird to Essex County and the second record for New England. The first was taken by Albert P. Morse on January 28, 1919, at his feeding station at Wellesley, Mass., and was reported under the name of Junco oreganus couesi in this Bulletin, II, 1920, p. 13. The specimen is in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. 64 Bulletin of the LARK SPARROWS IN BOXFORD R. Emerson Wolfe Truth is sometimes stranger than fiction. When going for my mail to the village store in Boxford on October 14, 1930, I noticed a flock of strange sparrows in the yard of the Harry Moore home. Drawing near I saw they were centering their attack on a feeding shelter in the yard, but numbers were on the bushes, a dozen or more were on the ground while some were on the porch and roof of the house. They, of course, were in con¬ stant motion. The sparrows with which I am familiar are Tree, Swamp, Grasshopper, Field, Vesper, Fox, Song, Savannah, White- throated, White-crowned, Chipping, Lincoln and Ipswich. But here was something decidedly different from any of these. The most startling mark of identification of these was the great abun¬ dance of white in the tail, for in flight the tail seemed almost en¬ tirely white. Then there was the chestnut cap on the head and the marked white line through and above the eye. In size they were midway between a Tree Sparrow and a White-throated Sparrow. The sleek racy appearance of their carriage was characteristic. The birds were very tame, so that when I ob¬ served them I was standing within nine feet of some which were feeding upon the ground. From my notice of the pictures in the bird books through the years as I have made identifications, I concluded on the spot, from my memory of the pictures, that these birds could be nothing other than Lark Sparrows. I had never seen a Lark Sparrow before. Returning home I looked again at the plates and con¬ cluded that my impromptu identification was correct. I had recently moved from Ohio into this state and had found Evening Grosbeaks, Pine Grosbeaks, Grouse, Prairie Warblers and Ipswich Sparrows in Essex County while I had never encountered any of these in Ohio. So I was not at all surprised to see Lark Sparrows and concluded they too might be of common occur¬ rence in Massachusetts. It was not until I gave my field report at the November, 1931, meeting of this Club that I fully realized what a rare find I had made. It is tragic that I did not realize how rare the find was, for the opportunities for observation were superb. Mrs. Moore says three of the birds came on the afternoon of the 13th to her food shelter while on the morning of the 14th of October a group of 35 to 45 appeared in her yard. I saw them a few minutes later. She said they remained about the house the entire day. They would feed a while on the church lawn or on the Common and Essex County Ornithological Club 65 then return to her yard. Mrs. E. Robert Little noticed the differ¬ ent sparrows in her yard several blocks away but as she has no date for them we do not know if she observed them on the same day, but probably that was the case. Mrs. Moore knows most of the common sparrows and knew these were none of them. Upon seeing the picture of the Lark Sparrow she at once said that was the bird. Mrs. Little did not press the identification but said she knew it was a sparrow she had never seen around here. The shelter in which they fed was only about four feet from Mrs. Moore’s window so she had opportunity to make very careful observation. The credibility of this record is somewhat further increased by the fact that a Lark Sparrow was caught and banded in Maine in August while on November 18th a Lark Sparrow was watched closely at Glastonbury, Connecticut. This would indicate some movement of Lark Sparrows across the State. A WINTERING TOWHEE Arthur P. Stubbs Early in January, 1931, Ernest F. Dickson, who since then has become a member of the Club, reported a bird strange to him in or near a little swamp off Poquanum Road, Lynn. He described the bird as having black, red and white in its plumage and I hazarded a guess that it might be a Towhee. In the course of his business visits to the neighborhood he had other glimpses of the bird. I passed the news along that we might find a new winter bird in a nook new to us and on January 11, Emilio, Preston and the writer looked the neighborhood over, finding only a Shrike, an abundance of Blue Jays and a few Sparrows, Song and White- throated. Several other visits were made by Club members and some of our bird student friends, notably one by Emilio, Morley and the writer on January 28, when we added a Winter Wren to the list of the swamp residents. The occupants of three or four cottages near the swamp became interested and now and then reported having seen “the black-headed bird,” but none of the ornithological cult had such good fortune. The neighborhood is a typical pioneering venture into deciduous brushland, the roads winding and rough, the house-lots 66 Bulletin of the 1931 cleared just enough to place the cottages and the rest left to nature. A lively brook runs through from Lynn Cedar Pond to an arm of Sluice Pond and broadens a little to make the small swamp spoken of above. Alders and maples fill the swamp while piles of hardwood brush cleared from the house-lots line the shores making wonderful shelter for small birds. There has been open water all winter. A more ideal winter bird refuge could not be made to order. Wednesday P.M., March 25, was rainy with a raw wind coming from the sea. After a very unsatisfactory trip to Nahant, Emilio and the writer were rolling toward Suntaug Lake hoping to find it open and peopled by ducks, when passing Sluice Pond the possibility of finding something new at Poquanum came to mind and we branched off in that direction. Arriving at the little swamp we parked the car so that a good view could be had be¬ tween two cottages. The rain beat on the car roof and for a few moments things looked discouraging until some sparrows were seen feeding about a brush-pile and we recognized our old friends the White-throats and with them was a single Song Sparrow. Something caused them to mount into a small tree beside the brush-pile and as they did so I noted an unusual flash of white in the tail of one bird. When the birds came to rest, which they did almost immediately, we both exclaimed, “there is the Towhee,” and sure enough there calmly sat a male Towhee, seeming very much at home and willing to be looked at. Considering that our bird was found in the rain and without leaving the car we felt almost guilty in making the record, the game seemed so easy after months of hunting. This I believe is the first definite record of a Towhee winter¬ ing in the open in Essex County. One was picked up almost dead some years ago in mid-winter and kept alive until spring in a green-house in Lynnhurst. A DEVOTED PAIR OF TREE SWALLOWS Charles W. Townsend During repairs on my carriage-house at Ipswich, the car¬ penters on June 4, 1931, moved a Packard nesting-box, occupied by a pair of Tree Swallows and their eggs, from the west side of the house near the corner to the south side seven feet away, where it was fastened to the inside of one of a pair of open doors. The swallows followed and took up their duties at the new site, and this, too, although a cement mixer with a loud one-cylinder engine was working only six feet away, and men were continually passing Essex County Ornithological Club 67 close to the nesting-box. The female incubated most of the time, but was relieved occasionally by the male for brief periods. On June 6, in a heavy rain storm with strong wind, the door bearing the nesting-box was blown shut so that the nest was inside the house and three feet from the entrance by the other door, which remained open. The birds, however, continued their duties, and, on the following day, the door was opened to its former position. Soon after this, the actions of the birds showed that the eggs had hatched, and in due course of time the young left the nest. A SEASHORE SURPRISE A. P. Stubbs We were crossing the narrow spit of land that makes the westerly side of the “Basin” at Plum Island (the Basin cuts a notch in the northerly end of the Island, opens into the Merrimac and is nearly dry at low tide) when, on a flat stretch of sand that had been evidently washed and leveled by the high tides of early spring, a bird dropped down and began to pick up something. It was not more than thirty yards from us but nearly against the sinking western sun. First impressions registered “Grackle” but it was not black, second thought said “Thrasher” but it was not brown, Catbird would be too small and when it flew a flash of white in the wings spelled something still different. Fortunately the bird flew to the veranda rail of a nearby cottage, thereby coming into better light and still within easy range of our glasses. Our previous guesses were confirmed and we were able to call it a Mockingbird. It flew again, alighting on a clothesline post, presenting another fine view, finally dropping out of sight in the plum-bush scrub nearby. Plum Island is sand dune country; to the east is the Atlantic Ocean, to the west tide ditches and wide stretches of salt marsh. The vegetation of the island is mainly short scrubby brush broken by patches of scanty grass. Wild plum bushes make up most of the woody growth giving the long narrow island its name. These bushes were in full bloom at the time of our visit. Just why a Mockingbird should pick such a desolate stopping place is somewhat of a puzzle. Date of occurrence May 20, 1931. 68 Bulletin of the 1931 CALENDAR FOR 1931 ESSEX COUNTY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB OF MASSACHUSETTS January 12. Regular meeting. Twelve members present. Prof. Elihu Thomson spoke in Academy Hall on “The progress of science during the last fifty years.” Club meeting followed. January 26. Special meeting. Fifteen members present. Prof. Warren K. Moorehead spoke on “Exploring the Merrimac.” Club meeting followed. February 9. Regular meeting. Twelve members present. Field notes. March 9. Regular meeting. Eighteen members present. Mr. Ludlow Griscom told of a recent trip to Guatemala. March 23. Regular meeting. Thirteen members present. Field notes. April 13. Regular meeting. Sixteen members present. A set of Fuertes’ plates of Abyssinian birds, his last work, was ex¬ hibited and a brief account of the expedition and of Fuertes’ life was read by Emilio. April 27. Regular meeting. Eleven members present. Field notes. May 11. Regular meeting. Nineteen members present. Field notes. May 25. Regular meeting. Twelve members present. Ipswich River Bird Trip discussed and records checked. Other field notes. June 8. Regular meeting. Ten members present. A series of sixty-eight water-color drawings of birds by Augustus Fowler of Danvers, made about seventy-five years ago, was shown. Field notes. September 14. Regular meeting. Seven members present. Field notes. October 12. Regular meeting. Ten members present. “The high lights of 1931” by Mr. Stubbs, supplemented by an exhibit of specimens. November 9. Regular meeting. Fifteen members present. Mr. Emilio commented briefly on a long series of pictures secured by him on a recent automobile trip to the Pacific Coast. Field notes. December 14. Regular annual meeting. Election of officers and council for 1932. Twenty-five members present. Mr. Griscom told of some rare and accidental visitors to Essex County as observed by him. Essex County Ornithological Club 69 LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE ESSEX COUNTY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB OF MASSACHUSETTS Bates, Walter E. Beckford, Arthur W. Benson, Frank W. Benson, George E. Bosson, Campbell Brown, Norman R. Bruley, Roger S. Bushby, Fred W. Chase, Charles E. Cogswell, Lawrence W. Cushing, Milton L. Dickson, Ernest F. Doyle, John F. Emerson, Philip Emilio, S. Gilbert Fay, S. Prescott Felt, George R. Fletcher, Laurence B. Floyd, Charles B. Foster, Maxwell E. Fowler, Albert B. Gifford, Morris P. Griscom, Ludlow Ingraham, Phocion J. Jeffrey, Thomas B. Jenkins, Stephen W. Jones, Gardner M. Kelley, Herbert W. Kelley, Mark E. Lawson, Ralph Little, Philip Fayette Court, Lynn 10 Park Street, Danvers 14 Chestnut Street, Salem 31 Summer Street, Salem 560 Concord Avenue, Belmont 20 Ash Street, Danvers 64 Center Street, Danvers 17 Washington Street, Peabody 761 Auburn Street, Bridgewater Temple Court, Salem Shirley Centre, Mass. 27 Essex Street, Lynn Lee, Higginson & Co., Boston 90a High Rock Street, Lynn 7 Winter Street, Salem 2 Otis Place, Boston 85 Main Street, Peabody 50 Congress Street, Boston 454 Walcott Street, Auburndale Topsfield, Mass. Ill Locust Street, Danvers 17 Beckford Street, Salem 21 Fayerweather Street, Cambridge 235 Lowell Street, Peabody 4 Lowell Street, Salem Willows 103 Columbus Avenue, Salem Willows 119 Federal Street, Salem 3 Willow Street, Winchester 52 Sutton Street, Peabody 88 Washington Square, Salem 10 Chestnut Street, Salem 70 Bulletin of the 1931 Lockwood, Dunbar 205 Richdale Avenue, Cambridge Long, Harry V. Long, William B. Low, Seth H. Mackintosh, Richards B. Marcy, William A. May, Dr. John B. Means, Robert W. Means, W. Gordon Moon, Wilbur D. Morley, Arthur Morrison, Alva Morse, Albert P. Morse, Frank E. Moulton, Charles E. Newhall, Milo A. Nichols, Rodman A. Ordway, Frank L. Osborne, Arthur A. Osgood, Edward H. 49 Phillips, Dr. John C. Porter, Willard B. Preston, Charles H. Preston, Charles P. Proctor, George N. Raymond, John M. Robinson, John, Jr. Ropes, Col. Charles F. Ropes, Willis H. Sanders, Richard D. Sears, Judge George B. Shreve, Benjamin Spofford, Charles A. Stubbs, Arthur P. Taylor, Arthur W. Teel, George M. Tenney, Ward M. Tortat, William R. M. 260 Clarendon Street, Boston 6 West Cedar Street, Boston 50 Glendale Road, Quincy 110 Central Street, Peabody 9 Hawthorne Street, Lynn South Main Street, Cohasset 10 Post Office Sq., Boston Essex, Mass. 46 Maple Street, Lynn 26 Minerva Street, Swampscott 19 Congress Street, Boston Peabody Museum, Salem 162 Boylston Street, Boston 72 Maple Street, Lynn 12 Temple Court, Salem 7 South Pine Street, Salem Whipple Hill, Danvers 183 Lowell Street, Peabody Fayerweather Street, Cambridge 77 Mount Vernon Street, Boston 5 Lee Street, Salem 42 Preston Street, Danvers Great Neck, L. I., N. Y. 35 Congress Street, Boston 21 Brookhouse Drive, Clifton 18 Summer Street, Salem Dearborn Street, Salem 9 Cambridge Street, Salem 2 Chestnut Street, Salem 37 Cherry Street, Danvers 29 Chestnut Street, Salem 23 Elm Street, Danvers 1 Addison Avenue, Lynn 24 1-2 Briggs Street, Salem 2 Otis Street, Danvers 60 East Street, Ipswich 6 Perkins Street, Peabody Essex County Ornithological Club 71 Townsend, Dr. Charles W. Very, Nathaniel T. Walcott, Hon. Robert Whitney, Charles F. Wilkinson, Robert H. Wolfe, R. Emerson Argilla Road, Ipswich 66 Orne Street, Salem 152 Brattle Street, Cambridge 29 Pine Street, Danvers Asbury Grove, Mass. Depot Rd., Boxford CORRESPONDING MEMBERS Babson, Edward 7 Forrester Street, Newburyport Brown, C. Emerson 34th St. and Girard Ave., Philadelphia Bryan, G. Warren Stella, Washington Cousins, Willard C. Hanover, N. H. Donaldson, Maj. George C. U. S. Army, Newport, R. I. Doolittle, Albert W. Plaistow, N. H. Spalding, Frederic P. Wilton, N. H. 3n jWemortam BERTRAM S. GRIFFIN WILLIAM P. HUBON JOSEPH C. PHELAN SANFORD RITCHIE PUBLICATIONS of the ESSEX COUNTY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB BULLETIN 1919 BULLETIN 1920 BULLETIN 1921 BULLETIN 1922 BULLETIN 1923 BULLETIN 1924 BULLETIN 1925 BULLETIN 1926 BULLETIN 1927 BULLETIN 1928 BULLETIN 1929 BULLETIN 1930 BULLETIN 1931 Price 75 Cents Price 75 Cents Price 75 Cents Price 75 Cents Price 75 Cents Price 75 Cents Price 75 Cents Price 15 Cents Price 75 Cents Price 75 Cents Price 75 Cents Price 75 Cents Price 50 Cents Index of the Bulletins of the Essex County Ornithological Club of Massachusetts, 1919-1928 Price 10 Cents The above may be obtained from Ralph Lawson, Secretary, 88 Washington Square, Salem, Mass. or S. G. Emilio, Treasurer, 7 Winter Street, Salem, Mass. PUBLISHED APRIL 30. 1932 THE NEWHALL PRINTERS 72 SALEM. MASS Phillips Librar t 3 6234 10001528 1 . . ' • -J :r .• . . . .. • ■ • ' •.•••• '•• ' ' ’ ' ’ - - - ' ' ?*%L f >■ . - * ' . . ' K ■ S, r /?.Y. ' : * , : • > Sjv.;, i •■■- . .. ..t. 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