mmm mmm OK -P. f? >r fl ''/:'V.^, EXPERIMENT STATION LIBRARY '^-•--. i^A^'^c-.I/sSfiS •-■■>y?i?**>^1t^^^ir'^'/\A I 1 1 1 1 -. .•• ■M 30 £5 20 15 .10 5 0 ^. ■•. / \ / t %' P \ ^ i- ■- _, k"* \ • 1 i \ y \ /. , / : ! / \ \ \ \ 1 K \ hi^' \ ■^ 4. ^ / \ - ■•, ,', / / / ^v. -- / '• f:- *«• \ s ^ / s \ / 1 6 13 a) C7 3 10 17 M 1 6 16 J2 £9 6 13 (t) J7 3 10 17 f4 3 10 17 f4 31 7 14 fl ffl 5 12 19 f6 ? 9 lb D 30 7 14 H £8 4 1118 E6 1 6 I5^^ fS Oct Nov Dec, Jan Tea Mar Apr May June July Aug 5tPT. Fig. 1. — Live broiler price quotations on New York market from Jan. 1921 to Sept. 1924, inclusive. Top ciuotation on each Thursday of "colored broil- ers", "broilers" or "chicken broilers." (Source — New York Producers' Price Current) . and early spring broilers on a large commercial scale is a relatively new development. Until recent years the live broilers sent to New York were largely young cockerels or pullets culled from those kept for the laying flock. Since 1921, however, the major interest of broiler produc- ers has been in the early broiler market, and most of this report is con- sequently devoted to that phase. In 1921, price quotations in the New York Producers' Price Current indicate that the first spring broilers were sold on March 22 at $1.00 per pound, (See Fig. 1) and that the price remained at this figure or above during the four following weeks. Apparently there was a scarc- ity of this type of live broiler on the market since express fowl were selling around forty cents per pound. June, 1928] jMarketing Live Broilers ix Xeav York 5 The next year the price quotations indicate that the first receipts ■svere on ^larch 2. or 20 days earlier than in 1921. The price, however, opened at 75 cents per pound, or 25 cents lower than the previous year. While there was an increase during the next two weeks, quoted prices only reached $1.00 during one week and then declined rapidly. In 1923. the first spring broilers apparently reached the New York market on February 23. or 7 days earlier than in 1922 and 27 days earlier than in 1921. While the opening price was 85 cents per pound or 10 cents higher than in 1922, the average was considerably lower than in the previous year. There was a further decline in the opening and average price quota- tions on early broilers during 1924. Apparently the prices received during each of these early years were very profitable to producers, with a resulting increase in production. Since it is not likely that the de- "6 13 £0 27 3 JO 17 E4 1 8 15 K £9 e U a) n 3 10 17 £4 3 10 17 *) 31 7. 14 21 ZB 5 1£ 19 £6 £ 9 ID £3 30 7 14 £1 £8 4 11 18 £5 Oct Nov. Dec Jan Feb Maf? Apr M/Ay June July Aug. 8 B£££9 Sept Fig. 2. — Live broiler price quotation.s on Xew York market from Oct. 1924 to May 1928. inclusive. Top quotation on each Thursday of "colored broil- ers", '"broilers" or '"chicken broilers"'. (Source — New York Producers" Price Current). mand has been decreasing, the decline in price was without doubt caused by increasing supplies of live broilers during the winter and spring months. It is interesting to note that, in spite of the wide variation in opening price of sj^ring broilers during the four years shown in Figure 1, the price by the first week in June was very nearly the same each year. The quoted price of express fowl also remained fairly constant at around 30 cents per pound during the early live broiler season in 1922, '23 and '24, although this class of fowl was selling around 40 cents during the same season in 1921. During the last four seasons from 1925 to 1928, inclusive, it is diffi- cult to determine the opening price of winter broilers. The general upward trend from November to March and April, followed by a downward trend to August is, however, clearly indicated in Figure 2. New Hampshire Experiment Station ] Bulletin 234 — u Si <7,a -3 ^^ a s £ a kj -o w. aNnoj aid 30iaci s "o (-N aj -■ C 7. )— ( h» fctOJ GOi O T-H 1-1 >, ^ rt "^ S O v^ O -t-> T; 7J c r^ ^ C3 f-H X o . a <^-l 33 C-s ^ a p O C .2> "§^ "o'S o ^ - 'C 'r/3 & r o 9 d CNfKy H3d 33IUc) June, 1928] jMarketixg Live Broilers ix New York g s 1 "" i 1 , 1 1 1 i ] 1 1 H ^ \ ^ H r^^ H =t= ^ =l==l= - 1 1 L . J 1 \ ! i ^r^— ! iv/j l/;\ 1 — ' a*^-j — ' — —P — 1 — > 1 -^^^ '-—h — \ ' ^^ : ' ^ ^ 1 1 •% -^r-^ ^J*"^^ ^ r- ' '^') I : 1 - 1 : ' — -^, :: . 1 — ^ — 1 — -I, 1 — ^ " r — ■ M ' ' ' 1 ' " j\ —^ — — ^^' — ~ — * — — 1 i , r^. — ! : =^^^ rJl=i=^ • >^ (1 : ' ' ^^ <^ / : — i : ' > // : ^ i 1 1 X. 1 : ' \ I'll ; I i C ' ■ ' '\ ' ; 1 1 1 L/^ : ' / ■ ; h-H"^ — H- : ' ] •^—; ' — < ; ' '—— p M : ,^k : b ! f^j ujco Z(VJ I aNficy a3d aoiaj o o c i£ <>1 o 1^ -. ->-S £(M ^i-rs ■^ 5 oQ — ,— ' — > — o ci O o sfe; c j: 5 °- II co^O tt O =< h^^ §s ■» 3 ^T fl:: 8 O OT nyr«- H^ O s^G =3:^ O ? i? c-T ^5 .n o ., S o : -f •C £ =< C o r-) £1. O S2 o i: b--^ ; z ; < CO 8 New Hampshire Experiment Station [Bulletin 234 Top price quotations for the seasons were 65 cents per pound in 1925, 60 cents in 1926, 50 cents in 1927 and 55 cents in 1928. In 1928 prices were consistently higher than in 1927 during the early part of the sea- son, but somewhat lower during the latter part. These prices seem to indicate increasing receipts of winter and early spring broilers with per- haps some decrease in the 1927-28 season. The decline in live broiler jjrices since 1921 is illustrated further by Figure 3, showing their relation on Thursday of each week to the prices of express fowl and Long Island duck. In the 1921 broiler season ex- press fowl were selling around 40 cents per pound, but during the three following years were only selling at about 30 cents per pound. In the early broiler season of 1925 and 1926 express fowl were selling slightly higher again at around 35 cents, but dropped to 30 cents in 1927 and slightly below that in 1928. The prices of Long Island ducks from 1921 to 1928 have shown a much greater drop. In 1921 they were selling in March at 55 cents per pound. In 1922 the top price for the season had dropped to 48 cents, in 1923 to 38 cents, and in 1924 to 36 cents. In 1925 the top price jumped to 52 cents but declined rapidly and in 1926 only reached 40 cents. In 1927 the top price for the season was 35 cents and in 1928 was only 33 cents. During the 1927 to 1928 season the prices of Long Island ducks were stabilized to a remarkable degree, remaining practically unchanged for 13 weeks. The level of this stabilization, however, averaged the lowest of any season in the past eight years. During the past four early broiler seasons the prices of Long Island ducks have apparently aver- aged about the same or slightly higher than those of express fowl. There has apparently been very little week to w^ek relation between the price of live broilers and that of express fowl or Long Island ducks, IS'ow that the price margins between these classes of fowl have become much smaller than in 1921 and 1922, their price movements may be more nearly the same in the future than in the past. Trend of Mwonthly Receipts from New Hampshire and Other States While receii^ts of live broilers on the New York market have been in- creasing rapidly, this increase has not been uniform throughout the entire season for Xew Hampshire or competing states as shown in Fig- ure 4. Receipts from Xew Hampshire clufing January, February and March in 1926 were 243.755 pounds, compared with 67,069 pounds in 1625, or an increase of 263 percent. During April and May of these two seasons, however, the increase was only 85,853 pounds, or 42 per- i'ent. In the 1927 early broiler season there was only a small increase during January, April and May over the preceding season, a moderate increase in February and ^larch of 76,366 pounds, or 37 percent, and a marked increase of 58,894 pounds, or 311 percent, in November, and December over the preceding year. Expansion in production in New Hampshire apparently went on most rapidly during the earliest months of each winter broiler season. Receipts from the other New England states indicate very little ten- dency to expand their production of winter broilers. During each of the three seasons covered by this study there has been a slight in- "Oct Nov Dec Jan h EE 5 Mar. Apr May 1 ; 1 u 1 ! 1 1 i ! 1 150- 1 1 ' 1 1 J ' MAir gp _ Veri ^ )ti a; _ U5- - J HI-) .■i^^.HU3^TI DE-J3LANfl i - Cojj Nf^r TiCl/T 1 ' ; 1 1 ' ' 1 j j 1 ! ^ 1 1 1 ;<;. 1 ^ TC ' ^ D. r '^ ! 1 T' o [; > 1 - ■ — ^iV 5 r 1 1 l_ ; n F"'' S s 7 I ' 'ir s 1 ? I iX ocfc 'i" ! 1 1- 25? fl ■! 1 ' 1 t ^ ■ rr ■ ■ _ ''''>^ n ^t , ^ a ' J ■t: i 1 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May 4a3Hi |~| 1 — — a y 1 M 1 ' ^ 1 s i^ M 1 q 1 1 t ' 1 1 : "^ \ 1 \ \ 1 1 1 ' ! 1 \ \\ v\ iri^rrTTTM , 1 J 1 M 1 1 1 M 1 1 M 1 M \ ' W iBsnuRi ! 1 ] \ .MiKNfinTA 1 ; ■^ \ I|1.IN0|,S ! 1 c • ■ jNinlAfsIA ! \ V : 1 i Kamsa1s>! i ■y 1 OHin i j 1 NFRRA.ShfAl 1 £25 j Wfst ViBr.iN a' ifiniiTH r)Ai i ^ \ ^ 1 1 1 1 ^ 1 \ "\ ! 1 ' ISLi II 1 1 WM ^ i 1 1 K 1 1 i kN i 1 . ;, \ ' 1 ■■j ' ii ' p 1 1 ! i X 1 r r E m ~^ it ' 1 ! 1 - 1 1 i ^- 1 . ' _l, : 3 4-^ ■ ~ '^M 1 W ti % tam w^ [ ■ r n Jm 1 wM^ L^ ;: ° 3CT \ Jov Dec Ja M Teb Mar Apr May "■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 j 1 rJlAlRtlANC 1 VlfiV.tNlA _^ PenNS'i'LVA H\ A ' Mew If.rSF Y S .NIfwYorK » l[)F\/\WfKf PfJ Iw fc 1 i r'' 1 t,' ^ gp; ''W V' \x "■ ... ~ " ^ s Rn 'S ,', jV ■ h ■ m 2 w JAij •^ " ~ ' " ■ V ^S ^ ! ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I. \ ' ' ■ vl ' ' "■ » 1 iz — -^ M^ ^ w _ _ _ _ g _ jM- of )CT N ov D LC J A^ i F "E B. K /lAH f\ PR May 1 i ' H^ 125 ^ Iw3 ] B^ ^ L_ll£NNE33E£l vl ' jO|: n ^ H !^ m ^ 0 !■ !!l i ■ SH-^ 0( ;t N OV D .c Jan Feb Mar Apr May Fig. 4. — Monthly receipts of live broilers from New Hampshire and competing areas from January' to May and October to December, inclusive, 1925 and 1926, and January to May, 1927, inclusive. 10 New Hampshire Experiment Station [Bulletin 234 JOO 80 60 ■ t- z LJ O . (T 40 U d SO ~ ~ -" ~ ^ /;>; <~ E/i5()N OF l|9^5 ^'^'■ H ^ E/ S()N 0 - M^ ■'ft' 1 1 - •p t*- ' n eiEAsbN oilP3o ?1 771 ^■i - ■// w - ^ 1 - // 1 // — 1 i ■:■;: - '//, f— - 7/^ ^ rftn 7/ Si* - — Z2s5 — ^I - Aw- '^ /M "^ H ^N - — i , ^ 1 fSS "'™ '^; % ^ _ t^ A 'i/A I ^.r ^ te t M '"' M Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July AU6 5EPT. Fig. 5. — Percentage of total monthly live broiler receipts by seven poultry dealers on New York market from New Hampshire in 1925. 1926 and 1927. crease in receipts especially during the late spring months. AYhile re- ceipts from Connecticut during December, 1926, are fairly high, they are consistently low for the remaining months. Each of these states shipped a few broilers to New York during January and February, 1927, but the total was small, — only 13 percent of receipts from New Hampshire. Receipts from New Y'ork, Pennsylvania, Yirginia. ^Maryland. New Jerse}^ and Delaware for the period covered by this study were also very small during the winter and early spring months. The total receipts from these states were even less than for the five New England States other than New Hampshire. In 1927, however, they showed a marked in- crease during March, April and May over the same months of the two preceding years. Receipts from middle western and other states showed the same tendency to increase during April, 1927, over the preceding year. In May, however, there was a marked decrease. The relative importance of New Hampshire in supplying the live broiler market at New Y'ork, month by month, is sliown by Figure 5. During 1926 and 1927 receipts from New Hampshire represented from 60 to 80 percent of the total from January to March, inclusive. From February to March each year New Hampshire furnished a constantly decreasing proportion of the total supply. In January, October, Nov- ember and December, 1926, however. New Hampshire furnished a much larger proportion of the total than in 1925, indicating a much more rapid development of the broiler business there during these months than in other states. New Hampshire poultry men have apparently taken the lead in developing this industry. In fact, New Hampshire broiler producers have practically dominat- ed the New York market during the early part of the season. In- creased production in this state has usually been accompanied by a pro- portionate decrease in price. As long as this situation holds true, pro- ducers in this state who can estimate very closely from sales of hatch- eries and other sources of information the probable increase or decrease in production of broilers in New Hampshire from month to month should be able to estimate fairly closely the future price on the New York mar- ket a few months in advance during the early part of each season. '1600 Oct Nov Dec Ja>n Feb Mar Apr May June: July Aug 5Ef=T- FiG. 6. — Total mouthly receipts from all states, monthly receipts and average i)rice of live broilers from New Hampshire from January-, 1925 to Maj-, 1927, inclusive. 12 New Hampshikp: Experiment Station [Bulletin 234 Relation of Monthly Broiler Receipts and Prices The relation of monthly receipts of live broilers from New Hamp- shire and total receipts from all states to the prices received for New Hampshire broilers is very striking as shown in Figure 6 and Table 1. AVhile in November. 192G, an increase in receipts over the preceding year was accompanied by an increase in prices due to changes in other market factors, December of the same year shows a marked increase in receipts of nearly 40 percent and a decrease in price of 6 cents per pound. In January an increase in receipts of 45,159 pounds in 1926 over 1925, most of which came from New Hampshire, was accompanied by a decrease of 13 cents in the average price received. The following year a further increase in receipts of 17,959 pounds during January was accompanied by a decrease of 9 cents in the average price re- Tabi.e 1 — Total Monthly Receipts and Ai>ernge Price Received for Live Broilers hy Ticelve Poultry Dealers on New York Market from January, 1925, to May, 1927, Inclusive All States Month January . . . February . . March April May Ju ne July August ... September October. . . November December. Receipts in Pounds 1925 10,330 28,411 76,772 177,484 482.723 1,094,300 1,528,371 1,171,113 1,278,247 562.332 46,882 85,817 1926 65,489 94,229 208,177 328,521 888,401 1,590,371 1,552,881 1,332,984 1,044,231 92,679 109,225 133,867 1927 83,448 151,948 277,990 511,994 829,612 Average Pb 1925 1926 44 42 51 50 59 56 61 50 45 46 39 37 30 35 29 29 27 27 24 24 28 28 40 35 1927 35 44 48 45 39 New Hampshire Month January . . . February . . March April May June July August . . . . September Octo})er . November December. Receipts in Pounds 1925 1 18 46 103 101 255 202 121 44 10 1 17 ,952 ,266 851 516 100 ,712 ,775 904 236 060 ,777 ,143 1926 36,669 71,532 135,554 141,685 150,449 194,686 187,653 73,761 30,339 11,354 19,155 58,659 1927 40,697 111,525 174,087 147,857 179,082 Average Price 1925 58 56 60 62 50 41 31 29 28 24 34 46 1926 45 51 56 52 48 38 35 29 27 27 38 40 1927 36 45 48 47 42 June, 1928] ^Marketing Live Broilers ix Xkw York 13 ceived. The average price in January. 1927, was even lower than in December, 1926, although receipts were also lower. Receipts of live broilers during February increased enormously from 1625 to 1927. The percentage increase was over 400 percent. Average prices received for New Hampshire broilers, however, showed a com- paratively moderate drop, from 56 in 1925 to 51 in 1926 and 45 in 1927. A similar decrease occured each year in the average price of live broilers from New Hampshire during March. Receipts during this month increased about 150 percent from 1925 to 1926, and average prices dropped from 60.2 to 56.3. The following year, a further in- crease of about 35 percent in receipts was accompanied by a drop in price of 8.1 cents to 48.2 cents per pound. Receipts during April showed a slightly smaller percentage increase in 1926 over 1925, but the average price received for New Hampshire broilers dropped from 62.2 cents to 51.8 — a decrease of 10.4 cents. In April. 1927. a further increase in receipts of 52 percent over the pre- ceding year was accompanied by a drop of only 4.5 cents per pound. Receipts during May increased about 85 percent from 1925 to 1926, and remained about the same in 1927. Average prices received for New Hampshire broilers, however, declined each year. This may have been due to the increased receipts from New Hampshire in 1927 over 1926. The following months from June to September show a decrease in re- ceipts from New Hampshire from 1925 to 1926, but an increase from other states except for June. The average prices received for New Hampshire broilers followed these changes in receipts quite closely. The largest drop in prices was 3.9 cents during June, while in July wdth ]iractically constant receipts average prices were 3.4 cents higher. During August and September, with receipts nearty the same, prices also remained on about the same level both years. The seasonal production of broilers seems to be shifting in New Hampshire. In 1926 the receipts of broilers were nearly the same in ]\Iarch, April and Ma}' with only a small increase in June and July. In 1925 there was a marked upward trend in receipts from January to a peak in June and another low in November. Apparently the regular poultiymen as well as the specialized broiler producers have pushed their broilers for the earliest market possible with a resulting decrease in receipts after May. These changes, while apparent and logical, should not be accepted as definite trends of production, since the period covered by this study is so short, and the relative profitableness of pro- ducing broilers during each of these months is not known. There seems to be a consistent increase in demand for live broilers from November to March and April. In spite of rapidly increasing re- ceipts during these months prices are consistently higher in March and April than in preceding months of the early broiler season. In 1925, 1926 and 1927 receipts during February have been considerably larger than during the preceding months, and yet the average price received by New Hampshire broiler producers was considerably higher in 1926 and 1927, and about the same in 1925. Receipts during March and April show a continued seasonal increase during each of these years, and at the same time somewhat higher prices than in the preceding January or February. The peak price of 14 New Hampshire Experiment Station [Bulletin 234 broilers came in March or April each early live broiler season. There is also a noticeable increase in prices of live broilers from November to December. Price quotations for a number of years show an upward trend during these months that is particularly noticeable during the period between Christmas and New Years. While it is natural that demand and receipts should be considerably higher in March and April than in preceding months because of the large number of Jewish and other religious festivals durmg this period, it is somewhat surprising that ])rices should also increase. Apparently broiler jiroducers are not supi)lying the market demand during these months as well as during January and February. Of course some of this difference in price maj^ be due to higher quality of broilers in March and April, but this docs not seem very likely considering the fact that most of the broilers during all four months come from New Hampshire. These monthly trends of receipts and prices simply emphasize the fact that the broiler market must be to a large extent studied by months or weeks. For example, an increase of 17,959 pounds from January, 1926, to January, 1927, resulted in an average decrease of 9 cents, while an increase in receipts of 29,740 pounds from January. 1926 to Februaiy of the same year was accompanied by an increase of 8 cents. Re- ceipts and prices during March show much the same relationship. x4.ll of these monthly trends during the early live broiler season, how- ever, may be summarized by the fact that an increase of 403,419 l)0unds or 148 percent, in total live broiler receipts from January to April, inclusive, brought an average of 8 cents less per pound in 1926 than in 1925, and that a further increase of 318,964 pounds or 109 per cent over 1925 for the same months in 1927 was accompanied by an- other decrease in average i)rice received for New Hampshire broilers of 7 cents per ]~)ound. These figures indicate in a rough way the ex- isting relationship between receipts and price on the New York market. In pointing out these changes in broiler receipts and prices, it is not the purpose of this bulletin to encourage or discourage the production of broilers in New Hampshire. It is intended, however, to furnish in- telligent poultrymen with market information that will make it possi- ble for them to judge the future trend more accurately. Effect of Jewish and Other Holidays on Demand for Live Broilers Religious festivals during the early months of each year have a marked effect on the weekly demand for live broilers as shown in Fig- ure 7. The Passover, Last Passover and Easter usually come within a week each year during the last of March or first of April. In 1925 re- ceipts increased 36,000 pounds during the week preceding Easter over the second preceding week and were 25,000 pounds larger than the fol- lowing week. In 1926 the market days for these festivals showed a marked increase over a two weeks' period. The average weekly re- ceipts of live broilers for this period, however, were 37,000 pounds above the preceding week and 10,000 pounds above the following week. In 1927, receipts during the first week preceding Easter were 90,000 pounds larger than the second preceding week. Market days for the last Passover in 1927 came during the following week, and receipts showed a decline of only 11,000 pounds. June, 1928] ^Marketing Live Broilers in New York 15 ' i 1 I 1 1 ' ' ' ' 1 ' 1 Iri D ■ t ' ' 1 fl 1-75 ,''■',■ "-J ; , Mil 1 1 I li ■ , ^^ id Z50 ! j ■ • ' 1 i ■ ' ' -^ ~ »^ (M -— U ' ■ 5 — •'^wnxi 1 SI!Si6( itm i 111 • "^ Jul Ha. Mar Am May Jm^E 1929 Fii;. 7. — Rthition of weekly receipts of live broilers on New York market to Jewish and otlier religious festivals. These receipts were accompanied in 1925 by a week of strongly rising prices, in 1926 by a slight rise, and in 1927 by practically constant prices. The demand for broilers does not seem to be effected materially by the religious festival Purim, which usually comes during the last of February or first of March. Decoration Day and the Jewish Feast of Weeks both come during a period of rapidly increasing receipts, and their effect on demand is dif- ficult to determine. Receipts of broilers for the Christmas and New Years holidays are usually somewhat larger than the preceding and following weeks. There is also a tendency for prices to increase during this period. Prices of Live Broilers from New Hampshire and Competing Areas Live broilers from Xew Hampshire sell consistently at higher prices on the New York market than broilers from competing areas as shown in Figure 8. Broilers from other Xew England states, however, usu- ally sell at an average price only a few cents lower, while broilers from outside Xew England average five and ten cents below the price of X^ew Hampshire broilers from X^'ovember to April, inclusive. During the remainder of the season from June to October the average price of broilers from all states was about the same. Most of the live broilers from Xew Hampshire sell at the top quota- tion for broilers, chicken broilers or colored broilers during the winter and early spring months. Plymouth and other Rock broilers usually sell above the top price quotation for colored broilers, and Leghorns usuallv sell considerably below. From Januarj' to April, inclusive, in 16 Xe-w Hamps?iire Experiment Station [Bulletin 234 70 bO DO 45 --rt ■<^\ ,\! 1 y t -1 ,-'>\ 1 1 J / N s^ I / -^ • •-A / > ^ i >?l r*^ ^ ^ 1 l^^\ ^4 1 / ,/ \ // V^i z 1 ! I ,-' V /-"V/? \ £30 ! 3hi ■ // 's 1^ • t ! 1 1^ \J^ ^ ■-s^'V ' 1 1 ! %• 1 1 1 15 10 5 ! i ! New Hamp. ■ Rci-i'i i- ts 1 1 L Other kzw Ingu NO 0RO1 ERS 1 1 kr- ' Other piAiES n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19fb Fig. 8. — Weighted average monthly prices of live broilers from New Hampshire and comi^eting areas on the New York market from January, 1925 to May, 1927, inclusive. 1925, 1926 and 1927, however, the records of twelve poultry dealers on the New York market showed that only 8 per cent of the broilers from New Hampshire sold abo^'e the top quotation and 10 percent sold be- low. (See Table 2.) The top price quotation of "broilers", "chicken broilers" or "colored broilers" seems to represent the price level of New Hampshire broilers very closely, especially during the early live broiler season. While broil- ers from New Hampshire usually top the New York market for colored broilers, there is a tendency for all broilers from New Hampshire to sell at the same price regardless of quality. During the early live broiler season from November to April in 1925-26, 1926-27 and from February to April, 1925, inclusive, from 80 to 97 percent of the receipts from New Hampshire were sold at one price as shown in Figure 9 and Table 3, The percentage sold at one price seems to increase from November to February each season and then decline to from 50 to 60 percent. These trends may be accounted for to some extent by the increasing receipts of Leghorns in late spring and summer and by the practice of sending in young culls from laying flocks at this time. During the early months of the year, however, there are many days when all of the broilers from New Hampshire were sold at one price. While the broilers marketed at this time are in all probability more uniform in quality than at other periods of the year, it does not seem likely that all of these broilers are of equal market value. Broilers of low quality are no doubt scattered through coops containing broilers of higher quality in an effort to make them all sell at the most common price of New Hampshire broilers. Some poultrymen undoubtedly pro- duce broilers of higher average quality than others; yet these men ap- parently receive the same price on many days as the producers of lower quality birds. While one price may reflect the average quality of re- ceipts by individual dealers receiving thousands of birds in a day, it often results in an injustice to individual producers. June. 1928] Marketing Live Broilers in New York 17 Table 2 — Monthly Percent acje of Ldre Broilers from A'ew Hampshire Sold Above, Below and at the Top Price Quotation on "Broilers," "Chicken Broilers," or "Colored Broilers" on the Xew York Market from January, 1925, to May, 1927, Inclusive Month Above Top Price Below January 4.3 10.3 7 4 8.0 87.1 S4.1 85.3 79.9 8 6 Februarv 5 6 March " 7 3 April 12 1 Mav 17.9 36.7 54.6 26.5 27 5 June 36,8 July S.7 50.5 40.8 August 4.4 60.3 35.3 September 8.4 37,3 54.3 October 8.9 30.8 60.3 Xoyember 11.3 70.5 18.2 December 30.9 57.0 12.1 This explains to some extent why broilers of high quality sell more easily than broilers of low quality. Buyers naturally prefer broilers of high quality when they can obtain them at the same price as other broilers. There are, of course, many little ways of returning certain broiler producers slightly more than the quoted price, such as paying the quot- ed price for weight at point of shipment ^^^thout deducting shrinkage, or paying for the one-way coops. These additional payments did not, however, appear on the records obtained from poultry dealers. They are not likely to represent a full adjustment in market price for differ- ences in quality. In fact, there is a general impression among broiler producers in this state that it does not pay to produce broilers of high quality. For that reason many of these men are opposed to grading their birds before sending them to market. The best broilers often sell 0— : [B .•/>. h'-! :/jn Ju«[ Jutr Aug Sepi Oci Nw Old Jan fee Mar Am May Ju« Jui» /wi. oifi Oci Alw Ull Jan (lh Mw) Am Um Fig. 9. — Average monthly percentage of live broilers from New Hampshire sold at the ''most common" price for New Hampshire broilers each day from Januaiy, 1925 to May, 1927, inclusive. 18 NE^v Hampshire Experiment Station [Bulletin 234 CO CO O « ■ e eels e 1-1 5^ C s CO £s i.g CO ,-3 P3 < + C^ Tt< iO I-H I— 1 • Tj< . •^ -i-HCOt^OX -IM ■ • O 1— 1 (M T-H • • GC'i>i-'coico:a:c^coo -t^ a lO (N ^ (M (M IM • LO > < .l:;^ .^C^f/jC^^Cl ■ ■ ■r. ^ E- U o CO o CO Tf CO lo CC CO 'i* -lo cc 1— 1 1-H T-H 1-H 1-H • C^ Xt>'MC^OXCDM.--';^!N^ >OI>'-ICO'-IC5CMCO'*^ -x ^ CO CO M -^ "* --^ cq • ^^ •r- • • • ^ 1-H tH T-H cc H X O O O 1> CO X cc LO X Tt< o o lO CO'-'ICC'-Hr^ r-(C<)(NC(M COO c H > 2 > 3 r^ > o3 ., c. _> a -. 5 a; P-M o 0^ a3 fe < '^H k: H-- < -ic ^ G j .June. 1928J Marketing Live Broilers in New York 19 2 u q: a. 30 25 15 10 0 ^ 5UN. MON. TUE. Fig. 10. — Percentage of weekly live broiler receipts on each day of the week from January to May, inc]usi\-e, 1925. 1926 and 1927. at the average or most common price, and the poor ones may be dis- counted. This market situation tends to discourage grading of broilers or the production of high quality birds. This lack of discrimination in prices paid for live broilers of different ciuality is to some extent the result of custom. There is a similar lack of fine adjustment to supply and demand in the day to day movements of price. During the early live broiler season price changes follow the five and ten cent lines. In fact, there is usu- ally a difference of five cents in the prices paid for broilers of various grades from New Hampshire. Broilers sold at 40 cents, for example, usually represent a difference in quality of 2^0 cents aboA-e and 21/^ be- low. This is not strictly true, as some broilers are sold at one. two and three cents premium above or discount below the quoted price. The records obtained from 12 poultry dealers, however, indicate that very few broilers from New Hampshire are sold at other than 5 cent differ- ences in price from January to April each 3'ear as shown in Table 3. The daily price cjuotation from November 1. 1926, to Alay 30, 1927, inclusive illustrates the relationship between prices for various broiler types. During November, December, January and the first part of February prices are quoted on chicken broilers or broil- ers. On Febuary 9 prices were quoted on Red broilers and on Ply- mouth Rock or Rock broilers. Quotations on Leghorn broilers did not start until later in the season, on ]\Iarch 2oth. There is a very wide range in the price quotations on Leghorn broilers, especially during Alay. All of these main classifications of price quotations are also sub- divided into numerous sub-classes. For example, on May 1, 1927, prices were quoted on fancy and average Leghorn broilers, fancy, average, and poor Red broilers, Delaware and Maryland grade, average and poor Rock broilers. These price quotations furnish the basis for buying and selling on the New York market. Dealers usually sell at the market quotations 20 New Hampshire Experiment Station [Bulletin 234 for a particular grade or at a premium or discount of one, tAvo or three cents. This quotation, however, is based upon tentative bids and sales of the dealers. The price reporter merely attempts to summarize all the individual poultry dealers' judgments as to the market value on that day of each grade of broilers. Prices are not quoted on broilers every day. Monday receipts are usually light and often furnish an insufficient basis for establishing the market price. The market is, therefore, left open until Tuesday or possibly Wednesday. The first price of the week, however, applies to the sales and purchases on the preceding days of that week. This S3's- tem of establishing prices tends to stabilize the market on a weekly basis. Receipts on Monday, for example, can have very little relation to price when that price is established on Tuesday, Wednesday or Thurs- day. An attempt is made, in fact, to quote prices that reflect the mar- ket suppl}^ and demand for a week and that will not, therefore, have to be changed. Receipts of live broilers are also on a weekly basis. Very few live broilers are carried over from Saturday until Monday. Receipts on both Monday and Saturday are light as shown in Figure 10 and Table 10. Tuesday receipts are somewhat heavier than on Monday, but the principal market daj-s are on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. COST OF MARKETING NEW HAMPSHIRE BROILERS By E. H. RiNEAR Since many poultrymen now have the option of selling broilers by shipping direct or selling to jobbers at the farm, the question "How much does it cost per pound to market New Hampshire express broilers in Xew York City," is often asked. Shrinkage, transportation, and com- mission are the principal items of cost. Shrinkage: On the same market, shrinkage varies greatly and is af- fected bj' many factors. Broilers of good quality and good health are likely not only to stand transportation with less loss, but also to make better feed gains if given the opportunity than birds that are weak and sickly. Then, too, according to commission men, broilers raised in a battery make feed gains more readily than those grown in an open pen, because they are accustomed to eating from troughs placed beside the coop. The moisture content of feed given the broilers previous to ship- ping further influences the expense due to shrinkage.* Under the supervision of the commission man the broilers are re- ceived and weighed, and usually fed and watered before selling. Care of the broilers by commission men is an important factor in gain or loss in weight between arrival and sale. It is a common practice among broiler shippers to make out the way- bills and not to include the weight of the extra feed. (3ften the feed is added after weighing which would tend to reduce the percentage of net shrink. Another factor influencing the net shrinkage would be the amount of "crop" which the birds had when weighed. These different practices among shippers have a direct bearing on shrinkage expense. There are many opportunities for shrinkage expense to be increased in transit besides the varying express charges between New Hampshire shipping points. Stealing a chicken is not an unheard-of thing. This could occur while the coops are stacked on the station platform or at other places enroute before they are delivered. This element of shrink is greater with one-way coops, because it is impossible to seal them shut as with a spindle or return coop. Promptness of delivery by the carrier further influences the factor of shrinkage and often the price re- ceived, especially if the broilers arrive late and. have to be carried over and sold the next day. Transportation Cost: The express charge on broilers varies slightly from different points in New Hampshire, being $1.39 per liundred on sending weight at East Kingston, $1.54 from Epsom, $1.54 from Dover. Commission Cost: Since the commission charge is 5% of selling price, this cost will vary with the price of broilers. For instance, broil- ers on March 3, 1927, sold for 50 cents, the commission cost being 2.5 cents. On the other hand broilers on August 4, 1927, sold for 28 cents, *Penns}-lvania State College, Station Bulletin No. 216— October, 1927. 22 New Hampshire Experimext Statiox [l^ullctin 234 the commission cost being 1.4 cents per pound. Then, too, on the same market Rocks sell higher than Reds and Reds higher than Leghorns, making a proportional difference in commission cost. Method of Procedure In order to make a preliminary survey of this problem from the ship- per's point of view about 50 New Hampshire broiler shippers were vis- ited. It was surprising to find how small a percentage of men had kept their way-bills and return statements from the commission house, or who had a system of accounts for recording such transactions. The records obtained and used in this study are from 18 New Hampshire shippers representing 265 express shipments of broilers to the West Washington Market of New York City. The data for several ship- ments were not recorded because of exceptionally large shrinkages re- sulting from high mortality. The data have been tabulated to show the cost of marketing broilers between one shipper and one commission house. All of the shipments and expenses incurred when dealing with one house in each year or sea- son have been totaled and reduced to a cost per pound basis. The same procedure was followed in figuring costs when a shipper consigned his broilers to more than one commission house. The identity of the shippers and commission houses has been retained by n,innbering. The only items of cost considered have been value of shrinkage, cost of coops, express and commission charges. No costs for labor in coop- ing or trucking have been entered. The shrinkage expense was ascertained separately for each shipment, and at the market price for the shipment. In case of a loss the value of the shrinkage was added to the other costs; on the other hand, where there was a gain in weight, this amount was figured at the market price and subtracted from the other costs. One-waj^ coops were charged at 60 cents each and any refunds were subtractecl from this amount. All return coops were charged at 20 cents each, except in one instance where the shipper had made arrange- ments with a commission man to store a whole carload of return coops and obtained them at 16 cents apiece. The summary of the studies is shown in Table 4. Of the 135,495 pounds of broilers shipped, returns were made for 128,366 pounds, mak- ing a net shrinkage of 7129 pounds or 5.2%. The occurrence of net gains and shrinkage is shown in Figure 11. As few commission houses report the gross weight of coops and broil- ers when delivered by express, it was not possible to learn on a large number of shipments the actual shrinkage in transit, or the gains in Aveight made by the broilers under their care. It is a general opinion on the West Washington Market that a 10% shrinkage is to be expected in transit. Some believe they have grounds for a claim against the carrier when the shrinkage exceeds 10%. No ruling, however, has been made to this effect by the Interstate Com- merce Commission. One shipper received adjustment when a coop of broilers was lost by the carrier, and another recovered losses due to smothering of the birds in transit; but no cases were found where the express company paid claims on the basis merely of shrinkage in weight. June, 1928J ^Iakketixg Li\e Bhoileks in Xew York 23 ^u ws 35 11 i 30 >^XV ''/^/i. §25 77T-H '#• '//.'//> :^:-y'> ■|20 ^i {ol5 'a J ^ l;>: ■ ■///; CL » ■ i O CD -' n M \\^A\ ^ « v\^-: r"" ' m p f/A H Wf/i # ■" !'i:, : 0 m 11 ti _J_n ; B :,.,. I'^AVC ■-S^-: 1 ■■ - _J 4 3 2 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 e 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 PERCENT Gain Percent Loss Fig. 11. — Percentage distribution of shrinkage and gain between net shipped and net returned weights on 265 shipments of broilers. Two attempts to recover losses due to shrinkage in weight were found, one in which the commission house representing the shipper cLaimed a loss of 11.8% on 380 pounds, and another 13.2% on 1040 pounds. In each instance the claim for adjustment was refused by the carrier. Costs of marketing broilers as indicated by the survey are shown in the last column of Table 4. It will be noted that there is much varia- tion, even where one shipper has sold to several commission houses. Figure 12 shows that the most frequent costs per pound in market- ing the 265 shipments were from 6 to 9 cents. Apparently the expense resulting from shrink in weight was the most important factor affect- ing marketing costs because they were the highest in those cases where the net shrinkage was high. The coop expense show^s considerable var- iation, being about three times as great for one-way coops as for return coops, except in a few cases where refunds have been made for one-way coops. 24 New Hampshire Experiment Station [Bulletin 234 ■to fa, ?a. ^ Cl5 o o CO S Co < 1—1 n T— 1 O t^ lO (N X -HX O t XO X i-O t^ CT. LO CO ri t^ r— 1 o;(M X oc OCO— 1 ^H -f LOOJ ^ X t- CO 04 CO -tj GC CC CDCO^ ■+ t^ t^r^ I^ t;; CO XX t;:; ^ r-C5 X s; o c o ooo o ooo — ooo at: H ¥= ' 1 ■ (3 GO CO « '^ t^ C2 CO ^ *-^ ■* CO X CO o O CD >-0 05 o S-2 o (N -^1^ 1 ^ UO lO I^ o; X X 1-H '^ Ol T— CO ,-. — en '3C CO t * -* CO ^H -H ^H ^y-* lO "OCO CO iC lO >-H t^ ^ o o o c T— 1 r-1 ^H ^H o OCO c O O ^H ^ S^ 9 o c oc ? 9 OOO o o 9 99 9 ¥¥ Sg .l*o Tf ro CM :£ ) Oi 0-* CO (M o ^ 'f CO fN OLOC2-f CO o O 00 '^ \ ^ t^CO ^ T-H CO CO CO Ol CO CO CO '^ ^H (M ^ C > o ^ C^ (M C^l ».-' --coco (M --0 Ol CO CO Z sjc c o ooc > o OOO o c OCO c coco ^?> C ■4J a 'S a CO »o '^Ot^ CO Ci TtLO iC 03 LO -:^ cc LO ir ^ Ol lo X L.O _c j:;ix t^^ ^ C-. t^ X lO ia t^ eoo:c£ > T-H OCOiO X -f -f c t^ CO r- CO j:; f t^ 1-1 i-H c^ 5 CO r-l(NX ^^ X C — X ^H XC0.-H4C 32 1 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 c-S £ . CO »o lOiOC ^ CO •Z-.^'-O C-. ^ t* CO Ol J-. J^ ._ ^ -~ E ■& C/ CO 05 o c;co(^ 1 iC ^ 05 t^ ^H T-- CO X CO t^ oi pi o5 CO 3 bC=„^ (M iCC^ > T-H CO O t^ i-O 01 CO -H O to C CO ^" w^ c{ c ) l> (NTfiCO 'N^ ci CO "C ^H lo l': »c "C lO LO . T—J c^ OCOCT > ^ oxr- T^ C-. CO t^ CO — ; -^ -f t^ -.o cc O oc O ^ If ^ X iC (M (M T-H c^ -* o^^ X T— — X X t' r; 'o o ^ '^M^ £ x:-! ^H CO Lo c^ ^ ,— ( l> CO CO t^ •M C^ T-H T-H CO O O Ol OS '-^ ^ (M c: t^ c r— ^ — - — H -> <<< <^-^i. ■^ 5 1 fe O o CO T— 1 ^ t^ t- CO X t^ CO r-H CO Ol CO M r-< 1— 1 T-H i-H ^H T-H "H 5 5 c ^ « C y C; ^4-. J5 C ir. S fere nbe ipp r-4 C<1 COCO CO ^ Ti^ t}< LO CO to CO t^ t^ i^ r- 0) =:^ 1 P^ iT' 1 June, 1928] ^Marketing Live Broilers ix New York 25 c:a 3 c; o oooMi^— iro-r-fc<» X Ol LO LO LO 3 X 3 -^ CO 1-H LO 01 3 0»r > t^ o t^ t^ c^ t^ c: o t^ c? ~. t^ ro 3 COLO t^ 3 t- LO 3 3 LO 1^ -y. 1 X n o r- X 1- 1- — < 1- t- r^ -rs X -V Lor^ 3 t^ X X xP- t^ t>- -^ -H o o o o o c;c — ' ~ o c: '-I o 9 99 99 9 3 3 q o o o CTv h- -^ ro ,— i-rtHi-^rot^-^xiooc 1 '^ — LO LO re Ol O 1 LO o -r ^H /* [^ — ^ "C c iC ^ o^roc^ir^r: — — ~c »o r^ t^co ^-t 0) -♦ •N-, -f -f< -fl ^ .— -— s "M '— c^ 1-H c^i •M M ^ M ^) -^^ -M ri :r> i m -> thM C^J 01 0 ■M Ol Ol Ol 1—1 ^— *•! ^ — o o o o o q q 3 - q o c o "— 99 ■•^ — ' — O o o q O 3 O — < t- TO •M 'O CO M* 'O CO t^ -^ :c X X 70 — 1-H ^H X 3 O; ^ LO O ,_^ lO "^ LO o c- o y—i w*^ C- '-^ '^- '-jZ' '^'i ^^ ^ -T." '.— . ■—4 y. —1 y^ o 3 3 ^ 3 3 '^ 3 t^ t^ ■M — 'M ^1 *"^ 1-H CO ""^ ^^ T'l 01 01 •*" O M ^ ^H vH 1-H ^M *^ Ol 1-H 1-H »-H oc o o o ^-' o o ■^ — ^^ q 99 9 9 9 ■jr t- :^ ^ -^oX'^r-cox^LO-^ 7C ^ O LO c^ X CO 1 X ot^ X 3 CO 3 ^- "^ Oi CO 'f'^05coco-"coLooi-' 0 — ■ -— ' o r- 'O-f -V — * lO *0 ^-4 i*"" o o T— ( ^— — H ^ f— t -H O 1 3 3 O o —V — —J s-^ ^_. o o 0000303303 3 *^ 3 3 "^ 3 O O o C^'X o :o O CO tr: wi CO t^ 3 01 — X ^H ■* 3 -H IC 3 --^ Ico 3 01 3 01 Ol 3 iC c ro ro M O 3 ^^ 3 O ^" 3 t^ •"• t-H {*■ -r M d 3 t^ 1 TTl OOl 3 X Ol ^ ■— 1 yz ■yi CO u> ^ T-H 05 0-1 't 01 — ' 01 -r 01 c — 01 ^^ M C^ ■"^ -f Ol -<1 Ol ^ 3 C C o 9 9 = 9 = =:- = -.= 1 = o = = bo O 3 3 3 cnrc lO o O X LO r^ 3 3 3 X X 3 LO X CO 3 LO LOOl X l>iO CO 3 lO -f -M C- o X COCO-*LOOLOC03I> 1-H ^ T'* • LOt^ O t^-^ LO t^ X lO -r t^ I^Ol t^ LO t^-H t^ X o -t< CO 'T CO Ol •^ a CO ■^ t^ 1-H O O C^ 1— 1 o X w Ti X 1-H -H T 3 COLO 3 ^H 01 r-H 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 iT 1 ! 1 1 T 1 + 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 O^t o o -HOlO^XCOCOt^COO^ 3 r t^Ol 3 — — 3 Ol 3 1-H LO LO X ox ^ •"0 LO -^ r^ oi -t r^ CO i-o i^ t^ ''^ ■• t^ t^ -tH -r o; 3 o o 1-H -r t^ LO cc c^ -M o oi r^ X — t^ 3 LO 1— — H l: X t^ X ~v ".^ 01 3 X ^ Ol 3 -r CO Ol -^ I^ 3 I^ 3 t^ t^ 1-H 1-H •M ^H "H 01 lO o o y. -^ O t-H 3 "■ t^ lO LO 3 Ol X .^ ^-l .— ^-^ t^ — X 01 3 3 01 CO t^ 3 c- lO X LO t^ LO CO X LO 3 LO 3 ■— X ^ 01 3 01 LO 1^ CO CO 3 o LO t- LO cc cc •M o C^^t^-H-ft^I:^LO-HH-3 3 t^ — 01 '^ 013 3 "^ 01 t^ LO n Ol X 3 X 1-H 1-H -4 X Ol 1-H 1-H -M (M y- 70 ro -H0133COC001-H^r- 1-H 1-H Ol LO LO Tf O Ol -HI Ol — 03 CO Ol 3 1-H 01 1-H LO -H -H X X ^ • • X X X 1^ (^ -M ^ ^] 1-H X Ol 01 • »-H 1-H 01 05 c: 3 3 3 3 r-H 1-H 1-H o T-H § : 1-H 1-H ^H o 1-H X ■ - -3 3 3 t^ 0^ Ol 01 0^ 01 Ol ^H 1-H X Ol 3 Ol ^1 01 •*^ a.3c jn r^2 >-.>■,=: '~ fexxx Ol -^ tn y- ::: r^ 5f-^-o <23 1 Ol ^ 1 ^ — ^ 1— ;; ■ ^f 2^ ~ xzr oi> 3 til ^s 1 CO CO 1 M M oi 'Sto Ol t ^O C^ OJO^XX-h^-hO^O^ -^^ t-H CO'^ ""< 1-H 1-H ^ :^ t:! fa f2 <<<<■< > •t . ■ !h 333 (M ^ X ^t^oicoc-:^co3 3 ~ rt* coco ?c yi t^-^ 01 — X ! 1-1 1-H 1-H f-H .i 1-H 1-H t^t^ X c Y-* ^H f-H 1-H 1— t rH CO CO -f -* t 1-H ^H 1-H 26 New Hampshire Experiment Station [Bulletin 234 e s o &D 5n o CO e c 3 CO K < ^_ (M X C: — 1 ore X ^ — ,-^ o o. ce -r O X ^ f rt ^ cc c; — < n lo re -4. ^ O ce ce o 1— t o o '*y-^ o -ij c o --T r-. t^ t^ X r^o O o t>-cO 1- i—i O t-^ r- C ^_ ^ O C: C 3 o oo o oo w 1—1 o o o H ^ C: C^ C3 X O 00 ^^ lO Lt o O iM -* X or^ o X H H Si? c^ X re — o r: oi "* 'M ^*-« 1-^ (M ce (M ^ X X C<1 1^ (N C<1 -M -M TO ■M C " ^ t- ri w t^ 1— ' ^-4 '^. Le ox o ox o -* H O C i; L': L- ■M -r M c^i -v^ ei -* cc r^ C^ -H ^H iO(M ce c^ 5P-i ■jH bC oo o o o o b oo o b CO c oo o o <1^ a; m _c -^ 15 S re ■* t> o c^i »o t> 1>IC ce iC ceo rH c^x (M (M o t^i-i X "# O ^ iC i> t-x X i> TjHCO TtH ,-IO 1- »o c J''^ "" c *-H ci lO ^ IC o _C tcr^ ■ c T— i ^ Le CO (N 'E ^ O O (M X ^ 0-+ Tt< 1— f Cr (M Tf — — -f ■<*^ C^ t^ O cr. ce lo X ^ iC ce ■*^ *^ c -^ J2 cc c^ 1— --^ ^ re cc 1-1 re Tf T— i t— ( e^ X (S^ k ^01 T- e^ 1— i ■^ cc Lt L.e ^"^-fv t . ^ iC O — O M X t^'-' X t^ b- o ^^' oi-e LC lo -- M -M •M t^ oo o t^ C^l o .^; i-e r-^ o o <-< '^ -^ ^ _2 -^ CSI r- M f o re o ^ IC O lO lO Tj* ^ O-'i ^ o ^ ^ lO 1-- rH ^^ (M Le ce !h I C p, 02 III o ^a " -^ --H "* (M T^O C (M ce ce ^ .-^ t^ X ic (M o C, .- >,~ ■- . • ^ tn ^M >.>. cj K r; C rt : J^ 7t — ^ <:i ^ rt rf ^<;S^^^ "" <"s ;^ ^§ 6 c c 1 5c c ■— r. s c i--s O ■ S:^ SE - t^ X X C ~ — r— ^■ ^1 1—1 .— t 1-H 1— 1 «+- ^ ' — 1 f^ ^^' I June, 1928J ^Marketing Live Broilers ix New York 27 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 £3456 CENT5 Per Pound Fig. 12.— Varying costs per pound in marketing 265 shipments of broilers. 28 New Hampshire Experiment Station [Bulletin 234 APPENDIX Table 5 — Monthly Receipts in Pounds of Lire Broilers hy Seven Poultry Dealers on New York Market from New Hampshire and Competing Stales, January, 1925, to May, 1927, Inclusive Month Grand Total New Ham p. Conn., Vt.,Mass., R.I., Me. Va., N.Y., Pa., Md., Del.,N.J. Ivans., Mo. Neb., Ia., III., Ind., Minn., 0., W.Va., So. Dak., Wis. Ivv.,Tenn. Tex., Ark. Ala., Okla N.C, Miss. 1925 January February March April 10,330 28,411 76,772 176,838 379,802 858,644 1,096,054 852,038 1,029,719 560.347 35,743 69,700 60,200 90,356 205,626 304,607 709,991 1,197,550 1,082,766 694,267 290,330 33,788 46,088 101,314 65,398 149,605 271,335 461,840 711,093 1,952 18,266 46,851 103,516 100,454 255,712 202,775 121,904 44,236 10,060 1,777 17,143 36,669 71,532 135,554 141,685 148,784 193,555 186,872 73,638 30,339 11,354 19,155 58,659 40,697 110,966 172,486 147,857 176,143 208 2,552 22,669 45,538 105,182 203,480 167,050 84,503 82,166 38,158 933 9,774 4,933 6,653 55,939 78,682 134,904 165,621 116,403 65,105 23,757 7,471 1,901 13,990 8,611 22,341 63,708 81,665 161,212 5,652 235 3,417 13,991 71,803 91,351 112,354 48,492 45,431 27,163 529 6,899 4,045 2,469 4,051 42,560 105,100 172,807 257,212 66,477 43,781 1,325 3,769 10,173 3,087 4,863 23,883 80,831 135,114 1,112 2,722 1,388 8,105 80,598 235,950 476,769 551,980 818,071 4S4,554 24,744 17,445 7,082 6,288 2,255 26,207 188,037 578,404 459,821 406,481 178,869 13,638 16,508 9,396 5,125 6,268 7,558 108,801 149,055 1,406 4,636 2,447 5,688 May 21,765 June 72,151 Julv 137,106 August September .... October November .... December .... 1926 Janviary February March April 45,159 39,815 412 7,760 18,439 7,471 3,414 7,827 15,473 Mav 133,166 June 87,163 July August September .... October November .... December .... 1927 January February March April Mav 62,458 82,566 13,584 4,755 9,096 7,878 5,167 3,700 42,686 89,569 June, 1928] ^Marketing Live Broilers in New York 29 APPENDI X Table 6 — WeeJdy Receipts of Live Broilers by Seven Poultry Dealers on Xeiv York Market from Xew Hampshire and from All States Weeks All States New Hampshire Monday 1925 1925 1926 1927 1925 1926 1927 Jan. 5 413 17,653 8,385 7,328 4,168 12 4S2 9,581 12,491 2,509 5,028 19 3.S85 16,689 12.776 110 12,698 10,649 26 4,207 15,979 29,424 1,842 12,628 20,852 Feb. 2 4,903 22,086 37,384 1,884 14,244 29,214 9 5,060 20,184 38,154 3,041 16,359 25,579 16 9,958 25,897 39,152 7,541 21,341 28,195 23 8,490 22,189 37,115 5,800 19,588 27,978 .Mar. 2 13,3f9 34,243 47,826 10,646 28,414 31,668 9 10,571 38,847 55,049 7,765 27,476 39,701 16 27,179 43,494 57,561 12,644 27,974 39,080 23 17,730 66,443 61,130 11,034 39,387 36,462 30 25,750 80,231 65,271 12,843 41,998 36,772 April 6 53,037 64.852 75,959 39,342 30,418 3.5,529 13 34,420 63,556 135,302 23,220 32,803 48,236 20 40,942 56,996 126,131 19,798 27,237 36,346 27 42,974 75,063 109,023 23,413 32,317 17,549 Mav 4 55,827 124,802 162,675 21,127 29,143 42,946 11 81,133 138,449 149,580 16,346 30,253 39,643 IS 105,121 162,888 182,636 25,820 27,732 42,549 25 125,975 270,360 191,251 30,166 50,871 47,860 June 1 156,675 168,169 30,109 14,046 S 210,239 236,095 81,518 45,910 % 15 188,036 263,950 44,760 56,332 22 210,728 280,614 83,862 42,938 29 281,899' 304,670 55,027 54,455 July 6 198,440 201,595 35,706 40,014 13 239,878 • 251,128 60,260 54,149 20 217,150 231,915 32,342 21,712 27 256,302 268,119 38,795 50,871 Aug. 3 179,360 174,922 42,342 26,849 10 187,814 164,744 29,.595 16,729 17 237,737 179,623 25,776 17,472 24 220,928 163,423 19,796 11,749 31 202,602 99,204 14,843 9,137 Sept. 7 133,216 110,211 9,502 6,586 14 241,599 74,476 11,040 9,876 21 352,308 5,857 8,170 2,375 2S 193,748 31,216 5,176 3,524 Oct. 5 159,763 6,569 1,602 2,308 12 88,470 4,944 2,309 3,133 19 117,231 3,415 756 1,548 26 122,679 6,981 1,103 4,045 Xo%'. 2 9,455 4,242 578 3,000 9 6,921 14,443 3,408 16 9,442 12,204 "204 5,583 23 8,144 12,056 955 4,517 30 12,094 12,258 2.230 5,120 Dec. 7 15,221 14,110 1,840 9,341 14 8,169 12,172 2,864 6,332 21 10,724 33,889 2,167 22,796 28 25,571 30,802 8,248 17,717 30 New Hampshire Experiment Station [Bulletin 234 APPEND! X Table 7 — Average Monthly Price Per Pound of Live Broilers on the New York Market from New Ilanipithire, and Cavipeting Areas, January, 1925, to May, 1927, Inchisive Ivans., Neb., Month New h.\mpshire Me., Vt., Conn., R.I., Mass. Va., N.Y., Pa., Md., Del., N.J., Mo., Ia., III., Ind., Minn., Ohio, Wis., W. Va., S. Dak. Okla., Texas, Ark., Ala., Tenn., N.C., Miss. 1925 January 58 55 41 46 35 Feljruarv 56 53 58 38 36 March 60 62 50 42 31 29 60 61 46 40 32 29 55 57 40 36 29 47 55 43 38 30 29 51 A])ril 54 May 42 June 38 July 27 August 28 September October 28 24 27 24 28 23 27 25 24 18 Noyember 34 22 23 27 31 December 46 52 37 36 37 1926 January 45 45 39 37 37 February 51 52 39 43 43 March 56 52 55 53 50 46 50 46 50 April 47 May 48 38 46 38 44 34 47 38 46 June 37 July 35 29 27 27 36 30 27 24 34 28 29 20 , 35 29 27 ■ 24 . 34 August Septemljer October 29 27 21 Noyember 38 38 28 24 27 December 40 40 36 24 30 1927 January 36 36 35 33 35 Februarj' March 45 , 48 47 42 46 48 46 40 41 50 46 40 37 45 42 37 37 45 Ap^"!! 42 Ma\' 37 June, 1928] Marketing Live Broilers ix Xew York 31 APPENDIX Table S — Percentage of Total Monthly Live Broiler Receipts by Seven Poultry Dealers on Xew York Market from New Hampshire in 1925, 1926, and 1927 Month 1925 1926 1927 Janviarv 18.9 64.3 61.0 58. 5 26.6 29.8 18.5 14.3 4.3 1.8 5.0 24.6 60.9 79.2 65.9 46.5 21.0 16.2 17.2 10.6 10.4 33.6 41.6 57.9 62.2 Febniarv 74.2 March April 63.6 32.0 Mav 24.8 June July August Seuteniber October November December APPENDI X Table 9 — Percentage of Live Broilers from. Xew Hampshire Sold at the Most Common Price Each Day, by Months from January, 1925, to May, 1927, Inclusive Month 1925 1926 1927 January 76 96 87 87 77 71 71 69 78 82 97 91 89 97 91 89 72 55 54 63 51 58 81 85 96 February 87 IMarch 93 A )ril 80 ^ ay 61 June July August September October November December APPENDIX Table 10 — Percentage of Weekly Live Broiler Receipts on Each Day of the Week from January to May, Inclusive 1925, 1926, and 1927 Month Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Frid.\y S.\TURDAY Sun DAY January 8.5 19.4 27.4 23.2 16.7 4.8 Feljruary 2.1 17.4 21.6 21.9 26.3 8.6 2 6 March 2.7 19.9 22.3 20.5 25.8 8.2 6 April 5.9 15.8 20.8 28.7 21.9 6.9 May 8.9 17.7 20.7 20.9 27.0 4.4 4 June 8.0 20.5 25.3 18.8 23.1 4.1 2 July 6.6 16.0 26.0 22.5 25.4 3.2 3 August 12.4 18.3 20.7 23.1 23.8 1.8 September 11.2 21.0 24.5 18.4 19.4 5.5 October 13.0 15.6 28.5 22.4 19.8 .7 November 21.9 25.0 21.9 12.4 17.9 .8 December 6.9 28.8 24.5 22.2 13.8 3.7 m "">