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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 46 PLATE 1

CYRUS BYINGTON

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
BULLETIN 46

A DICTIONARY
OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

BY

CYRUS BYINGTON

EDITED BY

JOHN R. SWANTON anv HENRY S. HALBERT

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1915

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Bureau or AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY,
Washington, D. C., April 22, 1909.
Sm: I have the honor to submit herewith for publication, with
your approval, as a bulletin of this Bureau the manuscript of “A
Dictionary of the Choctaw Language,” by the late Cyrus Byington,
under the editorship of Dr. John R. Swanton. !
Very respectfully, yours,
W. H. Hormes, Chief.
Dr. CHarLeEs D. Watcortt,
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

1 Subsequently, as stated in Dr. Swanton’s Introduction, Mr. Henry S. Halbert became associated
with him in the editorship.

iil

CONTENTS

Page

“Pin eS STAG UIOIE oot chee So Mek et Shee te ee ee Vil

TPLTONT GUN. LEN Bind See Ore 5 3 SES Oe ae en ae eee a am

LU DOG RO TOE aol onl a ae ae ea ee a i

Pnelich-Choctaw imdex:. ...- <j 522-5. --.=<i. ons sil or’ ee at chen See eed 379
ILLUSTRATION

“Peni. (Onis ial 8a a 0) re ees _... frontispiece

Vv

Eee Dl TONAS Y OR THE CHOCTAW
IAN GUAGE

By Cyrus ByrneTton
EDITED BY

JoHN R. SWANTON and Henry S. HALBERT

INTRODUCTION
By Joun R. Swanton

This dictionary represents a portion of the results of nearly fifty
years of missionary service among the Choctaw Indians on the part of
its compiler, Rev. Cyrus Byington. Mr. Byington was also the
author of translations into Choctaw of several books of both the Old
and the New Testament, Choctaw almanacs; a Choctaw definer, a
grammar of the Choctaw language, and some minor writings. His
grammar, edited by Dr. D. G. Brinton, was published in Philadel-
phia in 1871, in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
(vol. 11, pp. 317-367). In the introduction to this grammar Dr.
Brinton gives the following account of the author’s life:

This eminent scholar and missionary, whose name is inseparably connected with
the later history of the Choctaw nation, was born at Stockbridge, Berkshire County,
Mass., March 11, 1798. He was one of nine children, and his parents were in hum-
ble circumstances, but industrious and respected. His father was at one time a tan-
ner, and subsequently a small farmer. Necessarily, therefore, his early education
was limited.

When a well-grown lad he was taken into the family of Mr. Joseph Woodbridge,
of his native town, from whom he received some instruction in Latin and Greek, and
with whom he afterward read law. In 1814 he was admitted to the bar, and prac-
ticed a few years with success in Stockbridge and Sheffield, Mass.

His father though a moral was not a religious man, and it seems to have been only
after he reached manhood that Mr. Byington became, as he expressed it, ‘‘a subject
of divine grace.’’? He then resolved to forsake the bar and devote himself to mis-
sionary life. With this object in view he entered the theological school at Andover,
Mass., where he studied Hebrew and theology, and was licensed to preach, Septem-
ber, 1819. At this time he hoped to go to the Armenians in Turkey. But Provi-
dence had prepared for him another and an even more laborious field.

For about a year he preached in various churches in Massachusetts, awaiting some
opportunity for missionary labor. Toward the close of the summer of 1819, a com-
pany of 20 or 25 persons left Hampshire County, Mass., under the direction of
the American Board of Missions, to go by land to the Choctaw nation, then

VLE

VIIt BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 46

resident in Mississippi. They passed through Stockbridge, in September, and were
provided with a letter from the Board, asking Mr. Byington to take charge of them,
and pilot them to their destination. He was ready at a few hours’ notice.

The company journeyed by land to Pittsburgh, where they procured flatboats, and
floated down the Ohio and Mississippi to a point near the mouth of the Yalobusha
River, whence a land journey of 200 miles brought them to their destination.

Throughout his missionary life Mr. Byington appreciated the value which a
knowledge of the language and traditions of the Choctaws would have to scholars.
From his arrival among them, therefore, he devoted assiduous labor to their language
with a view to comprehend its extremely difficult construction, and to render it avail-
able for the missionary and philological student. The first draft of his Grammar was
completed in 1834. It was written and rewritten, until at the time of his death,
which occurred at Belpré, Ohio, December 31st, 1868, he was at work upon the
seventh revisal.

As left by Mr. Byington, the Choctaw dictionary consisted of five
paper-bound folio volumes, having entries on both sides of the leaves;
the whole work was modeled after the English or classical dictionary
of the author’s time. Separate entries were therefore made of the
same word when used as noun, adjective, verb, etc., each followed by
a letter indicating the proper part of speech. The phonetic system
was constructed for the greater part by employing the English letter
representing most closely the Indian sound. Only two innovations
were introduced—the use of v(a true v sound not being present in the
Choctaw language) for the obscure a, and of lines under the vowels to
indicate nasalization. For these devices I have substituted the more
commonly used @ and *. JI have also changed the aspirated / (A/)
into Z. The sh and ch have been allowed to stand, although it is now
customary to represent these by ¢ and fc, respectively. Furthermore,
in many instances I have combined in one word syllables separated
by Mr. Bying for instance, the syllables
indicating pronominal relations, the reflexive, the negative, and some
of the tense signs—for it is evident that in these cases the syllables all
constitute one complex. Undoubtedly absolute accuracy has not been
attained in this particular, but the course followed is certainly a move
in the right direction. With the exceptions just mentioned the mate-
rial is reproduced substantially as recorded by the author. It would
be fair neither to Mr. Byington nor to the editors, however, to pre-
sent the dictionary as a finished work. In the quotation given above
Doctor Brinton speaks of the great care which the missionary bestowed
on the manuscript of his grammar when preparing it for the press;
unfortunately he had opportunity to make only a beginning in the
editing of his dictionary. Many entries consisted merely of brief
notes to be elaborated later or of references to cases not observed else-
where and to be explained by further investigations. But the plan
which Mr. Byington had set before himself for his dictionary is one
not now of much value to students of American languages, and to
carry it to completion along those lines would involve an enormous ~

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE IX

amount of unprofitable labor. Therefore the work is presented almost
as he jeft it, as a source of valuable linguistic, and also ethnologic,
information faithfully recorded by one of the most capable of the
early missionaries at a time when many things were to be learned
which are now doubtless entirely forgotten. In order to increase the
utility of the dictionary an English-Choctaw index has been compiled
and appended, which will make it possible to find where information
is to be had regarding the Choctaw equivalent of each English word
or phrase given. This part is in no sense a dictionary, nor is it to be
regarded as such.

As might naturally have been expected, Mr. Byington’s inspiring
motive was his desire to translate the Biblical writings into Choctaw
and to further the conversion of the Choctaw tribe to the Christian
religion. The present work contains therefore numerous references
to early translations of the Biblical writings undertaken by him.
From the changes incorporated into later editions it is evident that the
exact shade of meaning was not always determined in those first efforts,
but, in any event, perhaps it could only have been approximated, and
no aitempt has been made toalter the references except in a few cases
where palpable errors had been made. Nevertheless, these citations
have been verified as far as possible and a few question marks inserted
where no words resembling the ones under consideration could be
found. In other instances it will be noticed that Mr. Byington has
ignored certain affixes of common occurrence which alter the exact
form as it appears in the text.

Anciently there were several Choctaw dialects, but only one of these,
that of the Sixtowns Indians living in the southern part of the old
Choctaw country, differed to any considerable degree from the stand-
ard, or Longtown, dialect spoken in the western part of the Nation.
Moreover, this difference seems to have been confined mainly to cer-
tain words, involving but very slightly the language as a whole. A
number of these Sixtowns words will be found interspersed through-
out the present work.

It has been my good fortune to have enlisted as coeditor Mr. Henry
S. Halbert, of the Department of Archives and History, Montgomery,
Ala., who has spent many years of his life among the Choctaw
Indians, is familiar with their language, and is an enthusiastic student
of everything relating to the history and present culture of the tribe.
While he has noted and corrected many errors, he has deemed it best
to let certain doubtful words and sentences stand as in the original
manuscript, with the idea that they may represent certain dialectic or
archaic variations which have escaped him.

Acknowledgment is here made of the courtesy of Mrs. Eliza Innes,
of Lockesburg, Ark., daughter of the Rev. Cyrus Byington, and
of that of her son, Mr. E. 8S. Byington, of Broken Bow, Okla., in

>. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 46

placing at the disposal of the Bureau the photograph from which the
accompanying portrait of the author was reproduced; also his note-
books for the years 184446 and 1861.

Abbreviations.—While a great many abbreviations have been used,
most of these will be readily understood. C. B. or B. indicates the
compiler, Cyrus Byington; J. R.S. and H. S. H., the editors, John R.
Swanton, and Henry S. Halbert, respectively. Of the other abbrevia-
tions the principal are the following: a., adjective; adv., adverb; caus.,
causative; con., connective; dem., demonstrative; dim. or dimin.,
diminutive; fem. or f., feminine; freq., frequentative; imp., im-
perative; mas. or m., masculine; n., noun; nas. form or n. f., nasal
form: per., personal; pl. or plu., plural; pro., pronoun, also pro-
longed; ref., reflexive; sing. or s., singular; v. a. i., active intransitive
verb; v. i., intransitive verb; v. n., neuter verb; v. t., transitive verb.
Besides these will be found the names and initials of various Choctaw
Indians who are given as authorities for certain forms, and abbre-
viations of the names of other works in the Choctaw language.

The description of Choctaw phonetics which follows is taken from
the first page of the manuscript dictionary, only such changes having
been made as were necessitated by the innovations already referred to.

PHONETIC Kry

ALPHABET

Letters Sounded

LNT EY as a in father.

A a as u in tub, and a in above, around.
Bb as in English.

Ch ch as in church.

Ee as e in they, and short é as in met.
1 a as in English.

EL) thi as in English.

Dig as i in marine and short as 7 in pin.
K k as in English.

i 1 as in English.

2 as an aspirated /.

Mm as in English.

Non as in English.

O o as o in note, go.

p as in English.

Sis as in sir; never as s in his.

Sh sh as in shall.

Dit as in English.

Uiu as 00 in wool, uw in full.

Ww as in war, we.

en ay: as in you.

DIPHTHONGS
AW tal as 7in pine.

Au au as ow in now, how.

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE XT

NASALIZED VOWELS

These are pure nasals, and retain the yowel sounds, except

a fl before the letter £, in which case they are like the long

I . a ang, ing, ong, ung. The usual sound is softer than ang, and

a a like that of the French vowel followed by n in the same
u

syllable.
CONSONANTS AND VOWELS

Let it be remembered that each consonant has but one sound and that the sounds
ascribed to the vowels are such as they have, respectively, in accented syllables;
in unaccented syllables they have the sound of short vowels. English readers
should remember not to give the English sound to the vowels, except as noted in
the alphabet.

an, i”, om, and wu”, or some of them, are used as separate words or final syllables.
They are used also before the consonants and semivowels b, f, h, k, m,n, s, sh, w,
and y. Before the consonant p, sometimes before 6 and the vowels, for the sake of
euphony the letter m is added, or the nasal sound becomes m of necessity from the
position of the organs of speech at that time, as am, im, om, wm.

Before ch, l, t, and ¢ the letter n is added, as an, in, on, un, and before the vowels
in many words the letter n is added to the nasal. a” is never used; a” is used in
its place. The vowel ¢ is never used as a nasal, i” being used in its place.

In making these remarks general rules are stated. It is not to be supposed that
each and all of the nasals are thus used. There are exceptions, which the student
must be ready to notice. An unwritten language has its anomalies and irregularities.

4 i :
oe) iy zt : :
ps i

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84339°—Bull. 46—15——1

a

CHOCTAW-—ENGLISH

a, the first letter of the alphabet, sounded

as a in father.

(when followed by a verb beginning
with a consonant), adv. or locative par-
ticle or prefix,means there, in that place,
at that time, at, from, on, in, of, by;
when the verb begins with’a vowel,
a becomes ai; achumpa, to bury at;
aminti, to come from; aiilli, to die at
orin. aandaiare used where in Eng-
lish place is used; nusi, tosleep; anusi,
a sleeping place; aiimpa, an eating
place, a plate, dining room, table; chik-
aiamiho, repeated in Matt. 5: 35; of, in
chianukshopa, he is afraid of you; chi-
atoba, he is begotten of you: by, in aiok-
chanya, to live by, Matt. 4: 4: used as
a sign of the future tense; chi chia, cf.
John 1: 49; achin, ahe, ahinla; atuk,
ashke, as satoshbihashke; siakmat, hymn
66, v. 2: prefixed to a verb often
changes the verb to a noun, as aminti,
a source; literally, to come from; isht
ahachia, see John 15: 3; aiatta, a resi-
dence; lit., to stay at. a and ai are
much used as prefixes in compound-
ing words: prefixed to some cardinals
the latter become ordinals, as twklo, two;
atukla, second; atuchina, third; and be-
fore a vowel a becomes ai, as ushta,
four; aiushta, fourth: an intensive be-
fore consonants; aputta, abillia, afehna:
used before tuk and tok and their com-
pounds a partakes of the sense of a defi-
nite article or of a relative pronoun.
Sabannahatuk, that which I wanted;
“This is used when the person has
some doubt as to obtaining the thing
sought, while sabannashke indicates a
certainty in the expectation.’’—J. Hud-
son.

a, ah, v. a. i., to say, to tell, to call; a-

li, I say; alikamo, I did say, and you
know it; imalikashkint, I told him
so before, or that is what I told him,
and you heard it (kashkint implies
previous knowledge on the part of the
hearer as well as on that of the speaker) ;
alahe keyu, I should not call, Acts,
10 : 28.

a [cf. at]. 1. A determinative particle

in the objective case after nouns and
meaning the; as, wak a” pisali, I see the
cow. Sometimes this article is pro-
nounced ha” and ya” [cf. hat and yat]
foreuphony. Itisalsoasignof, or with,
the future tense, and is used as a par-
ticle of specification or emphasis after
verbs in present, future, and past tenses;
mukhatklotok an, Luke 10: 37; katimichi-
lahe a”, future tense, Luke 18: 41; hopo-
nayolahe av, Luke 18:41. See Matt. 15:
31 for instances in the past tense; [also]
onanshahatok, Matt. 28: 2. Cheluselem
an, Jerusalem it, Matt. 2:1. 2. A rela-
tive pronoun in the objective case after
verbs and adjectives and equivalent to
the English relatives the which, the
one which, that which, ete. It may
also be translated by the personal pro-
nouns him, her, it, them, as Lakab an,
Rachab her, Matt. 1:5. Itis sometimes
written ha” or ya”; ef. hat and yat. The
aspirated forms are ah, hah, and yah.

a", a dative pronoun first per. sing., my;

to or for me; as, a®holisso, my book.
Written also am and an; as amisuba, my
horse, lit., horse to or for me; a”holi-
topa, Matt. 3: 17. When it stands be-
fore a verb, or a word where a verb is
understood, it is generally translated by
a preposition; as, for me, to me, of me,
from me; a”holissochi, write for me, or
to me; a®pota, lend me; a”chumpa, buy
of me, or buy for me; written also am,
as amithana, to learn of me. In the
negative forms this pronoun is written
satand sam; asiksa®chumpo, iksamiksho,
I have none, or there is none by me;
chiksa™peso, you have not seen of mine,
or for me.

abaha, n., a mortar for mixing meat and

corn by beating or braying; a meat
mortar.

abaiya, n., the side, as the side of a

creek, swamp, or road.

abaiya, v. a. i., to be along the side of;

to lie along the side of.

4. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

abaiyachi, v. a.i., to go along the side
of; to roam up and down; to range; to
wind its way, as a bullet discharged and
lodged in a deer, or a man going along
on the side of a swamp.

abaiyachi, n., a roamer; one that goes
along the side of a creek, ete. -

abaiyachi, adv., lengthwise (of a field);
ahekachi (of cloth), q. v.

abaiyaka, n., the side of a swamp or
creek.

abaiyat, adv., alongside of, along; as
abaiyat anya, two verbs connected by
the letter ¢, meaning to be at the side
of and goalong; bok abaiyat atya, to go
along the side of the creek; hina abaiyat
aya, to go along the roadside.

abakli, v. a. i. pl., to split into large
pieces, blocks, slabs, or bolts for shin-
gles.

abakli, pass., split; split into bolts.

abakli, n., the place where the wood is
split; a split.

abaklichi, v. t. caus., to split into large
pieces; to score off large pieces when
hewing logs.

abaklichi, n., a splitter; a scorer.

abaksacheka, n., adeclivity; aside hill,
or mountain side, 2 Sam. 16: 13.

abaksileka, n., a mountain side;
mountain side.

abaksha, abbaksha, n., the name of
the serpent commonly called chicken
snake.

abana, pass. of abanni;
founded upon, Matt. 7: 25.

abanali, v. tr. or intr., to lay on the neck,
or shoulder; hashilabanali, Matt. 11:
29, 30; isht tabanali, Luke 15: 5.

abani, v. t. (pass., albani), to cure by
drying over a fire; ‘‘to barbecue;’’
wak nipi abani, to cure beef; takkon
abani, to dry peaches over a fire.

abani, n., a curer; one who cures meat
or fruit over a fire.

abasa, n. [from abasli, to lay laths], lath;
the ribs of a roof.

abasali, v. i., to sprout; to germinate;
tanchi at abasali, the corn sprouts.

abasali, abasalih, n., a sprout.

abasalichi, v. t. caus., to cause to sprout.

abachechi, y. t. caus., to practice; to
teach by practice,

the

aiitabana,

[BULL. 46

abachi, v. t., to teach, Matt. 15: 9; ima-
bachi, Matt. 5: 2; abahanchi, Matt. 13:
52, 54; holisso ha” imabachi, to teach
him the book or the letters. Passive
albachi.

abachi, vy. a. i., to practice; to learn by
practice; to exercise.

abachi, n., a practicer.

abachi, n., an exercise; a practice; nan
isht imabachi, his doctrine.

abankachi, pl. pass., laid across; lying
crosswise, as timbers at the corner of a
house, or as rails in a worm fence.

abanni, v. t. pl., to lay across, as the logs
of a house; abana, pass. sing., laid
across; itabana, pass., laid across one
another, as house logs at the corners;
itabanni, to raise a log house; to lay
across one another.

abasli, v. t., to lay laths; to lath; to lay
the ribs of a roof.

abasli, n., he that lays laths.

abaslichi, vy. t., to cause laths to lie.

abasha, n., a sawpit; a place cut with
a knife, a saw, or an ax; a gash.

abasha, n., a place sawn; a cut with
a knife; a wound; a gash made by a
knife, scythe, sickle, or ax; harvest,
Matt. 13: 30; abasha, pp., sawed at.

abasha, n., a mill; a sawmill.

abashli, v. t., to cut at; to cut there or
upon with a knife, scythe, or sickle,
or an ax, except in cutting wood; to
cut with a drawing motion; chanli is
to cut with a striking motion.

abashpoa, n., a place swept; pa”shpoa,
pass., swept, Matt. 12:44; Luke 11: 25.

abeha, v. a. i. pl., to be in, Matt. 2: 11;
to enter in; okhissa iskitinosi akon hash
aiabehashke, enter ye in at the strait
gate, Matt. 7: 13; to go in; ont ilabeha-
heakon, we go away into, Matt. 8: 31;
also, Matt. 12: 45; 14: 22. Passive,
albeha, John 6: 22; 21: 38.

abeha, pass. pl., put in; put on; rammed
in.

abeha, a., fraught; full.

abeha, n., those which are in or on.

abehkachi, y. a. i. pl., to be clothed,
Matt. 11: 8; Rev. 7: 9; na fohka hofa-
loha abehkachi, Mark 12: 88.

abehma, a., farther up; higher up;
abehma talalituk, he setup. See abema.

BYINGTON]

abehpa [from abeha], v. a. i. dual, to
enter; to come in.

abeka, n., sickness; disease; malady;
illness; a disorder; a distemper; an in-
disposition; isht abeka, infection, lit.,
sick with, or by means of; cause of
sickness.

abeka, n., the sick; the person or per-
sons affected with disease; abeka im-
atsha, their sick, Matt. 14: 14.

abeka, a., sick; unwell; diseased; in-
disposed; out of health; disordered;
ill; sickly; unsound; isht abeka, a., in-
fected; sick with; neg., ikabeko, salu-
brious; not sickly. See Matt. 9: 2.

abeka, v. t., to be sick; to be unwell,
diseased, or indisposed.

abeka, y.a. i., to sicken; isht abeka, sick
OLeMatt. <3 .6, 14> 9 6:

abeka, pass., distempered.

abeka apistikeli, n., a nurse; a watcher.

abeka apistikeli, vy. t., to watch the sick;
to nurse; to tend the sick.

abeka chuhmi, a., poorly; sickly; some-
what sick.

abeka haleli, v. t., to take a disease by
infection; to catch sickness.

abeka haleli, n., contagion; infection.

abeka haleli, a., contagious; infectious;
catching.

abeka lakna, n., the yellow fever;
jaundice; lit., yellow sickness.

abeka okpulo, n., a fatal or'mortal sick-
ness; applied to a pest; a pestilence;
a plague; the cholera.

abeka shali, n., sickliness; a., sickly.

abeka shali, n., an invalid.

abeka yatuk, v. t., that were diseased,
Matt. 14: 35.

abekachi, vy. t. caus., to sicken; to make
sick; to disease; to distemper; to indis-
pose; isht abekachi, v. t., to infect; to
sicken by means of; tlabekachi, 2 Sam.
13: 2, 5, 6.

abekoma, v. a.i., tobe sickly, as Timoti
abekoma, 1 Tim. 5 (heading).

abela (from abiti), pp. poled; bushed.

abela, n., the place or thing poled or
bushed.

abeh, y. t. pl. of fohki, to put in, Mark
12: 42; to put on; to ring, i. e., to fit
with a ring, as'the fingers; to stuff.

abeli, n., he who puts on or in.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 4

abema, abehma (from aba and ima),
v. i., to be half way; to be higher up.

abenili, abinili (from a, there, and
binili, to sit), v. a. i., to sit down at;
to settle at, as in making any place a
home.

abenili, abinili, abenili, n., a settler; a
colonist; the sitting down or meeting,
as ata ‘‘cry;’’ a colony, see okla wiha
abinili, Acts 16: 12.

abenilichi, abinilichi, y. t., to settle;
to establish in business or in life, or at
any place.

abenilichi, abinilichi, n., one that settles
another in a place, or in business.

abeta, abita, passive of «bili, poled.

abi, v. t., to kill, Gen. 37: 26. See
abi, from which abi is derived by
lengthening the first vowel; abitok an,
which killed, Luke 13: 4.

abicha, abicheli, n., a tap hole; a bung-
hole; a faucet; a spout.

abichakali, a., nineteen.

abichakaliha, adv., nineteen times; abi-
chakaliha pisali kamo, 1 did see it
nineteen times.

abicheli, see abicha.

abicheli isht akamassa, n., a spigot; a
spile.

abichkachi, n. pl., tap holes.

abila, v. a. i., to thaw, as snow or ice; to
thaw there; to melt at or there; pl.,
abela; (taloa kat sachukash a abelah—
J. E.); ikabilo, or ikabelo, a., undis-
solved, where it does not melt.

abilia, ady., always, John 11: 42.

abila, pass. of abili, poled;
pointed at.

abitepa, n., the place aimed at, or
pointed at.

abilepa, a., seated round.

abilepa, v. a. i., to be seated round.

abil, vy. t. pl., to set in by the ends;
to stick; to pole; to bush; to furnish
with poles or bushes, as peas or beans.

abilibli, v. t. sing., to point at a place
or thing, some object.

abina, n., a camp; a lodging out of doors
with or without a shelter overhead.

abina, vy. i., to camp; to encamp; to lodge
out of doors.

abinachi, n., an encampment.

bushed;

6 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

abinanchi, n., a place where a camp is
being made, Josh. 4: 8. [the ed. of
1852 has abinachi].

abinanchi, v. t., to be making a camp at.

abinachi, v. t., to make a camp.

abinili, abenili (q. v.), v. 1. sing., to
sit at or on; to settle at.

abinili, pass., peopled.

abinili, n., a settler.

abinili, n., settlement; the place where
one sits; a seat; a pew; abinit is con-
tracted from abinili.

abinilichi, see abenilichi.

abinilit nan apesa, abinit nan apesa,
n., a judgment seat.

abinoli, vy. a. i. pl. of abinili.

abinoli, n. pl., settlers.

abinoli, n. pl., settlements.

abinolichi, v. t. pl., to settle; to estab-
lish at a place; to colonize; to cause to
take seats, as children or visitors.

abinot maya, to sit round.

abishlichi, n., a milk pail; any vessel
to milk into.

abita, see abeta.

aboha, n., a house; a building; a dwell-
ing; a residence; a cabin; a room; a
dome; a domicile; a door, as abohasha,
he is indoors; a fabric; a habitation;
housing; a lodging; a mansion, Matt.
17: 25; Luke 15: 8; amaboha ya”, un-
der my roof, Matt. 8: 8.

aboha abaska, n., a gaming house; a
gambling room.

aboha achafa, n., one room; the other
room; a single room.

aboha afoha, n., an inn; a house of rest.

aboha ahoponi, n., a kitchen; a cook
room; a galley or caboose on ship-
board.

aboha aiimpa, n., a dining room; an
inn; a tavern; a refectory; an eating
house.

aboha aio"holmo itiitikoli, n. pl., raft-
ers of a house; sing., aboha aionholmo

aboha anusechi, y. t., to entertain; to
lodge in a room.

aboha anusi, n., a bedroom; a lodging
room; a dormitory; a bower; a cham-
ber, 2 Sam. 13: 10.

aboha anutaka, n., the place under a
house.

aboha anutaka kula, n., a cellar.

[BULL, 46

aboha apalaska, n., a bake house; a
bakery.

aboha apisa, n., a glass window; a
house window.

aboha apisa aialbiha, n., a window sash.

aboha apishia, n., a piazza; a veranda;
a shed that extends quite round the
house.

aboha ashaka okhissa, n., a back
door; a door in the rear of a house.

aboha atampa, n., an adjoining room;
a separate room; a spare room.

aboha ayupi, n., a bath room; a bath-
ing house.

aboha chaha, n., a tower; a high house.

aboha chito, n., a hall; a large house.

aboha hanta, n., a white house; a
house of peace; a senate house; a state
house; a fane.

aboha hanta okla, n., Congress.

aboha holitopa, aboha holitompa
(Matt. 26: 69), n., a palace; a temple;
a sacred house; a costly house.

aboha hoshontika, aboha hoshintika,
aboha i"hoshuntika, aboha impata,
n., a porch; a piazza; a portico; a ve-
randa; a stoop; a gallery.

aboha inluksi, n., a house padlock.

aboha inpaiasha, n., a larder; a meat
house.

aboha intula, n., the foundation of a
house; the sill.

aboha iskitini, n., a cabin; a cot; a
hut; a lodge; a small house.

aboha isht holmo, n., a roof; a shingle;
a split board.

aboha isht holmoali, n., eayes of a
house; edge of the roof.

aboha isht okhilishta, n., a house door.

aboha itabana, pass., built, asa house.

aboha itabana, n., a building; a log
house.

aboha itabanni, y. t., to build a log
house; to put up a house; to raise a
log house.

aboha itabanni, n., a house raiser; a
house builder.

aboha itatapa, n., an apartment; an
adjoining room; an additional room.

aboha itintakla, n., a hall; space way;
the place between two or more houses.

aboha itipatalhpo, n., a house floor.

aboha ititakla, n., the hall, entry, or
passage; a space between the houses or
the rooms.

BYINGTON]

aboha kallo, n., a prison; a jail; a cas-
tle; a fortress; a strong room; a citadel;
a dungeon; a prison house; a ward,
Matin oye2o stile 22 42°35. 25: 36; Acts
16: 23; hold, Acts 4: 3.

aboha kallo apistikeli, n., a jailer; the
keeper of a prison.

aboha kallo apistikeli, v. t., to keep a
jail; to guard a prison.

aboha kallo alhpinta, pl., the prison-
ers; see Acts 16: 25.

aboha kallo chaha, n., a tower.

aboha kallo foka, n., imprisonment;
incarceration.

aboha kallo foka, pp., imprisoned;
confined in prison; confined; immured;
incarcerated; prisoned.

aboha kallo foka, vy. i., to lie in jail;
to be in prison.

aboha kallo foka, n. sing., a prisoner;
a jail bird.

aboha kallo foki, v. t. sing., aboha kallo
apitta, pl., to put in jail; to confine; to
immure; to incarcerate; to prison; to
imprison; to cast into prison.

aboha kallo foki, n., an imprisoner.

aboha kinaffi, y. t., to take down a
house.

aboha kuchichi, v. t., to unhouse; to
turn out of a house; to turn out of
doors.

aboha mismiki, n., a house with a roof
nailed on.

aboha nan aiachefa, n., a laundry; a
wash room; the room where clothes
are washed.

aboha nan chukushpa, n., household
stuff; furniture; aboha imnan chokushpa,
its furniture.

aboha nana aiasha,n., a lumber room;
a lumber house.

aboha pakna, n., roof of a house, Josh
POMS:

aboha toshbi, n., rubbish.

abohush atta, n., a cottager.

abohushi, n. (dimin.), lit., ‘‘son of a
room,’’ a closet, Matt. 6: 6; a cottage;
a cot; a small room; a hut.

abohushi fohka, pp., closeted; put in
a closet.

abohushi fohki, v. t., to closet.

abohushi fo"ka, a., being in a closet.

aboluktoli, y. t., to surround there.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 7

aboli, n., a thicket; a brake; a hedge.

aboli, n., a place of deposit; place
of laying down anything; a deposit,
Mark 12: 41.

abotichi, y. t., to hit, as fani iti oyia-
tuk an abotichi, hit the squirrel that
was going up the tree; iti isht pata
abotichi, strike the wedge.

abonulli, v. t. sing., to roll up in; to fold
up in; toinfold; toinwrap; nan tannaka-
shofa linen achukma hon abonulli, wrap-
ped it in a clean linen cloth, Matt. 27:
59; linen a® abonulli, wrapped him in
the linen, Mark 15: 46; na lapushki linen
o” abonullit . . . fohkitok, wrapped it
in linen and laid it in, Luke 2: 7; 23:
53; natilati on abonulli, Acts 5: 6.

abonullichi, v. t. caus., to cause it to
be rolled up in; to wrap it up.

abonunta, pass. sing., rolled up; being
rolled up in; wllonsi at natilali on abo-
nunta, the babe wrapped in swaddling
clothes, Luke 2:12.

abonunta, n., a wrapper.

abu"kachi, pass. pl., infolded;inwrapped;
rolled up in; rolled up.

abukbo, n., down, the fine soft feathers
of fowls, particularly water-fowls.

abunni, vy. t. pl., to roll up; todouble up.

achafa (from chafa, to run), v. t. sing.,
ayitepa, pl. to run after; to run down;
achafat abi, to run down and kill.

acha"fa, a. (nasal form, from achafa
one), being one out of a number.

achafoa, a., a few and scattering; here
and there one; not many; rare; pre-
cious, 1 Sam. 3:1; achafoa, pass., singled
out.

achafoachi, vy. t. caus., to select a few;
to take a few; to cause a few to be
taken.

achafoha, y. i., to be a few; achaforha
(nasal form), being a few.

achafotechi, achafolichi, y. t. caus.,
to select a few; to take here and there
one; to single out, Matt. 25: 32.

achafoli, v. t., to select a few.

achaka, n., a continuation.

achaka, pass., spliced (from achakali),
continued; itachaka, pass., joined to-
gether, reannexed, spliced, united,
welded; ikitachako, a., unconnected,
not welded.

2 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

achatka, a. (nasal form), succeeding,
following, next; itachat™ka, y. a. 1., to
join together.

achakalechi, y. t., to continue; to add.

achakachi, v. t., to cause to advance.

achakalechi, v. t. caus., to continue; to
add on; to join to; itachakalechi, v. t., to
reannex; achakalinchi (nasal form), to
add; to continue; achakalinchimat, he
added when, Luke 19: 11.

achakali, y. t. sing., to splice; to add to;
to new lay an edge tool; applied to
putting edge to an ax; to piece; to
searf; to subjoin; to unite; to weld;
itachakali, to splice together; to couple;
to join; to scarf; hash ilachakali, Matt.
G22

achakali, achakallechi, n., one that
splices, or new lays.

achakali, v. i. (achakanli, nasal form;
achakakanli freq.), to advance, to con-
tinue; aba chakali Josh. 5: 13 and akka-
chakali, are perhaps formed from this
word.

achakli, vy. t. pl. of achakali, to splice,
ete.; alhchaka, pass. sing.; alhchakoa,
pass. pl.; itachakli (Heb. 4: 12),
‘joints; itachakachi, n., a joint; v. t.,
to splice and join together.

achakli, n., one that splices.

achaya, y.i., tobe wont; to be accustomed
to a place, as animals; wak at achayat
taha, the cattle are wont; ikachayo, a.,
unwonted.

achatya, n., a cutting block; a chopping
block; place cut, or wounded; a gash
made by an ax; pass., wounded at, or
there; n., a wound.

achayachi, vy. t. caus., to accustom a
creature to a place so that it will stay
there; to wont; to habituate to a place.

achaba, asalbash, asachap, asalhchap,
hahchaba, n., a log foot-bridge; a log
lying across a creek on which to pass
over. [ahchap is the word for footlog
in use among the Mississippi Choc-
taw.—H. 8S. H.]

achafa, achaffa, n., oneness; singleness;
a unit; unity.

achafa, a., one; the other; another; a;
an; certain; individual; particular; sim-
ple; single; sole; undivided, Matt. 8: 18;
12:6; 17: 4; salap achafa, one; nan-
ashachi achafa, Luke 15:7; hatak

[BULL. 46

achafa, a man, a certain man, Luke 15:
11; ninak achafa, a night, or all night.

achafa, v. n., to be one; to be single;
achafa yoke, itis one; imachafa, for him
one, or, he has one; ikachafo, neg.
form, not one; ibaiachafa, Matt. 5: 25;
achanfa, nasal form.

achafa, v. a. i., ishachafa; isht ilachafa,
Gen. 1: 11; achafali, I make one; I do
one; achafa sia, | am one.

achafa atampa, a., plural; more than
one.

achafa yuka, a., dist. pro., each one;
achafa aiyukat kohchat ihivtya mat, John
8: 9; achafa aiyukali, every one, Josh.
6:5; hatak achafaiyukali, man by
man, Josh. 7: 16.

achafahpi (from achafa and ahpi), v. a.
i., to be the first one; the being the
first one: achafampi, nasal form and a.,
neither; with a neg., achafampi keyu;
achafampi kia keyu, not either; not even
one; not the first one.

achafali, v. t., to give one; to do one;
to single out one, Matt. 6: 24; Gen.
2: 21; achafalichit aiithotofahian alhpe-
sahatok, for of necessity he must re-
lease one, Luke 23: 17.

achafalichi, y. t., to select out one;
to make one of all, Eph. 1: 10.

achafalit, adv., achafalit ishi, each one
take; individually take; achafalit i-
nukkilli cha, or individually, Luke 16:
13; achafat, an abbreviation; achafat ofi
at abi, for achafalit ofi at abi, the dog
singled out one and killed it.

achafoa (see achafoa), John 8: 9 [in
the printed edition achafa].

achafona, a. (from achafa one, and ona
to reach to), even one; as much as one;
perhaps one, Matt. 5: 30; 6: 29, 10: 29;
18: 6, 10, 12.

achafonachi, v. t., to make one; to select
out one, Luke 9: 36.

achakaya, n., an
spliced on.

achakaya, a., spliced at.

achanaiya, v. i., siachanaiya hoka (per-
haps a misprint for siahanaiva hoka;
see ahinna).

achapi, ahchapi, vy. t., to play at a cer-
tain game of chance in vogue among
the Choctaw. This isan ancient game,
not in much use now; pass., alhchapi.

addition, piece

BYINGTON]

achapi, n., a player of the above; one
that plays; the play.

achchukmali, y. t., intensive form, Matt.
17: 11; to improve; to repair; to make
good; to ameliorate; to benefit; to
better; to rectify; to regulate; to sub-
stantiate; iaiachukmali, to justify him-
self, yammak ashot tlaiaachukmali banna
kat, he is willing to justify himself;
Luke 10: 29.

acheba, a., mischievous; troublesome.

acheba, y. n., to be mischievous.

achebachi, vy. a. i., to preserve; to hold
out.

achefa, ahchifa (q. v.), v. t., to wash;
to cleanse, Matt. 15: 2; pass., ahchifa, to
be washed, Mark 7:5; ilaiachifa, to wash
one’s self, John 2:6; to purify; pass.,
alhchefa, John 13: 10; ikahchifo, un-
washen, Matt. 15: 20; alhchefa, pp.,
washed.

achelita, see achillita.

achi, v. a. i., to say; to speak; to call; to
assert; to declare; to answer; quoth
(as quoth he; quoth I); to rehearse; to
suggest; to utter; John 1: 21; 3: 1; 4:
25; 1 Sam. 9: 9. aiachi pro., ahanchi,
freq., Matt. 7: 27, 28; aiahanchi, pro.
and freq. achi asha, to besaid; this is
an expression, not the passive form of
achi; achitok an atshashke, Luke 4: 12;
ikacho, not to say, the neg. form of achi;
ikacho, a., undetermined; unsaid. ach-
ishke, they say, Matt. 11: 19. achit,
ady., ora verb, to say and; when two
verbs are thus united the first has an
adverbial sense as in Heb., achit
anumpuli, really to say; really to speak;
to say what he means; lit., he says and
speaks; achit hochifo, to call by name;
lit., he saysand names. achit anoli, v.,
to speak freely; without fear; lit., he
says and declares.

achi, n., a maxim; a saying.

achi, n., a rehearser.

achi®, chi", sign of the instant or imme-
diate future of the indicative mood,
but it does not mean purpose or inten-
tion; it simply expresses futurity as to
time; shall, will.

achiba, a., slow, laborious, tedious, be-
lated, hard, late, Mark 2: 9; occupying
some time; see ahchiba.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 9

achiba, v. n., to be slow, laborious, or
tedious; ahchieba, pro. form of ahchiba.

achibachi, y. t. caus., to cause to be
slow, tcdious, or troublesome.

achibali, v. t., to render tedious; to pro-
tract; to draw out; chiksamahchibalo kia,
‘trouble me not,’’ Luke 11: 7.

achifa, see achefa.

achik, fut. sign, will, shall; sameas chin;
as ialachik, I will go; anumpulachik, he
will speak.

achike, adv., probably will be, and sign
of imp. in a mild sense.

achiletali, v. t. caus., to make fierce.

achillita, n., eagerness.

achillita, achelita, achilita, y. n., to
be fierce, zealous, engaged, resolute, or
unflinching, Matt. 11: 11; achillinta,
nasal form.

achillita, a., fierce; zealous; resolute;
eager.

achillita, pass., rendered fierce; made
resolute.

achillitachi, y. t. caus., to make fierce.

achilanlichi, see chilanlichi.

achini, adv., likely; probably; seemingly;
apparently.

achini, vy. n., to seem so; to appear.
ahchini, to be certainly so; when not be-
fore known; to be certain after inquiry
is made, Deut. 17: 4; aka itulatuk
achinitok, unexpectedly, but so, 1 Sam.
5: 3, 4; see chini.

achinto, a., from chito, being large when
others are small; anumpa na yukpali
achinto fehna, ‘‘good tidings of great
joy,’ Luke 2: 10.

achintok (a sign of tense), was to be,
should have to be, compounded of re-
mote past and instant future.

achintuk (tense sign), was to be, should
have to be, as ialachintuk, I was to have
gone.

achishi, vy. t., to scent; to smell, as dogs.

achishi imponna, a., sagacious, as a dog
in smelling.

achohmi, see achuhmi.

achokushpa, pass., to be accused, belied,
or slandered.

achokushpa, a., slanderous.

achokushpachechi, vy. t.,
person to be slandered.

achokushpalechi, y. t., to slander; to
tattle.

to cause a

10 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

achokushpalechi, n., a slanderer; a
tattler.

achokushpali, v. t., to slander; to tattle;
to backbite; to accuse.

achokushpali, n., a slanderer; a back-
biter.

achokushpachi, pp., to be slandered.

achokushpachi, a., slandered.

achosha, pp., to be inserted, as an ax
in wood or a plow in the earth.

achoshuli, v. t. sing., to insert; to set
in endwise, as a cog or a spoke in the
hub or nave of a wheel, or a linchpin;
achushli, pl.

achoshunni, achoshoninchi, v. a. i., to
grow, as a young peach.—Jackson.

achowa, vy. t. to differ; to disagree; to
dispute; to contend in conversation.
itachowa, the reciprocal form is often
used; to contend; to brangle; to dis-
pute; to debate; to fall out; to jangle;
to quarrel; to strive; to vary; to wran-
gle. itachoa, n., a broil; a dispute; a
feud. itachoa, n., a disputant. itacho-
wachi, to cause to differ. itachoachi, n.,
an incendiary; one who inflames a fac-
tion.

achuhmi, achohmi, y. i., to be thus, or
so. achiyuhmi, achoyuhmi. pro. form.

- achuka, v. a. i., to dwell at; to reside
at; to keep house at; see Josh. 2: 15;
itinchuka, reciprocal form; to dwell to-
gether; to keep house for each other as
husband and wife; itachuka, v. a. i., to
keep house together; itinchuka, n., a
husband or a wife; itinchukali, my hus-
band or my wife, as the case may be;
generally used by the woman when
speaking of her husband to others;
achoyuka, pro. form of achuka.

achukbi, achukbika, place of a corner;
achukbeli, pl., corners, Rey. 7: 1.

achukma, pass., improved; bettered;
mended; rectified; redressed; refined;
regulated; made good.

achukma, a., pl. hochukma, good;
excellent; benevolent; kind; gracious;
choice; sound; sterling; substantial;
useful; valid; virtuous; well; accept-
able; sound; wholesome; whole, Luke
6: 10; handsome; courteous; deli-
cate; delicious; delightful; decent; ele-
gant; esteemed; exquisite; fair; fine;
finical; generous; genuine; gracious;

[BULL. 46

healthful; healthy; honest; nice; per-
fect; pleasant; pretty; respectable; rep-
utable; righteous; royal; salutary;
sane; serviceable; ikachukmo, a. neg.,
not good; bad; degenerate; disastrous;
evil; gross; injurious; offensive; pre-
posterous; sinful; troublous; unapt; un-
comely; uncomfortable; unfavorable;
ungenial; unhealthy; unholy; unjust;
unlawful; unlovely; unpleasant; un-
profitable; unrighteous; unwholesome;
unworthy; ikimachukmo, a., unaccepta-
ble.

achukma, n., goodness; excellence;
excellency; fairness; good; pureness;
purity; safety; soundness; virtue; weal;
peace, 2 Kings 9: 17, 18, 19; nana
achukma, n., grace; a good deed; nana
achukma kav, Matt. 12: 11; aiachukma,
n., Matt. 6: 34.

achukma, vy. a. i., to act good; to do
well, Matt. 6: 4; to be good, Matt. 6: 22;
ishachukma, thou doest well.

achukma, y. n., to be good or excellent;
pimachukmashke, Matt. 17: 4; ikachuk-
mo, neg.; achurkma, nasal form; acho-
hunkma, freq.; achoyukma, pro. form;
imachukma, to be good for him; v. t.,
to love to delight, 2 Sam. 24: 3; itina-
chukma, to be good to each other.

achukma, ady., finely; soundly; ik-
achukmo, ady., ill.

achukma ahoba, a., specious; seemingly
good.

achukma aiali, a., prime.

achukma a¥sha, n., welfare; a., well.

achukma atapa, a., supereminent.

achukma fehna, a., very good; rare.

achukma i®4shaht tali, a., best; first
rate; in the superlative degree.

achukma i®shali, a., better; preferable;
superfine; supereminent; transcendent.

achukma keyu, a., not good; unad-
visable. ;

achukma moma, a., unimpaired.

achukmatka, n., a good condition of
health; the goodness (well, as to health. )

achukmatka, vy. n., to be well, or in
health.

achukmalechi, v. t. caus., to make
good; to repair; to heighten; to better;
to improve; to mend; to redress; to re-
fine; to make peace.

achukmalechi, n., a repairer.

BYINGTON]

achukmali, n., an improver; a repairer.

achukmalit, ady., diligently, Matt. 13:
36; 15: 15; Luke 15: 8; ‘‘in order,”’
Josh. 2: 6; achukmalit tmaponokiotok,
inquired of them diligently, Matt. 2:7.

achukmalit ashachi, v. t., to dispose;
to lay away with.

achukmalit pisa, v. t., to scrutinize.

achukmat, adv., well; orderly; plainly;
securely.

achukmat anoli, v. t., to depict.

achukmat apesa, v. t., to arrange.

achukmat alhpisa, pass., arranged; ad-
justed rightly.

achukmat boli, v. t., to hoard; to lay
up well.

achukmat i shat isht ia, vy. a. i., to
improve.

achukoa, n.,
passage into.

achumpa, n., a market; a place for
purchasing or buying; the place where
bought.

achunanchi, y. a. i., to persevere; to
continue; to make an effort; to endure;
to persist; to plod; to strive; to weather:
see Matt. 10: 22.

achunanchi, a., ardent; persevering;
close; keen; pertinacious; sedulous; un-
wearied; ikachunancho, a., unconstant.

achunanchi, n., perseverance; resolution.

achunanchit pisa, a., studious.

achunli, y. t., to sew; to darn; to stitch;
itachunli, reciprocal; to sew together;
to list; to sew; to tack together.

achunli, n., sewing; stitching.

achunli, n., a sewer; a seamstress.

achu®sha, v. n., pass. of achoshuli, to
stand in, or hang by one end, as an
arrow to a wounded deer, or as a linch-
pin.

achu®sha, a., hanging in.

achushka®chi, y. n. pl., to stand on end,
as spokes in the hub of a wheel.

achushkanchi, nasal form, being placed
in.

achushkachi, pass., inserted; placed in.

achushli, pl., see achoshuli.

achushoa, pass. pl., inserted.

achushoa, v. n., to stand in.

achushoa, n. pl., those which stand in,
as spokes, cogs, ete.

achu"wa, ahchu2wa, pp., sewed; a.,
sewed; united by stitches; seamed.

an entrance; an entry; a

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 1g

left; left handed.

afabi, n., a left-handed person.

afabi, v. i., to be left handed.

afacha, v. n., to be fast, close, tight, or
shut; itafacha, vy. a. i., to lock; to fas-
ten it together.

afabi, a.,

afacha, afancha, pass., fastened;
latched; isht afacha, fastened with; n.,
a latch; a hasp.

afachali, sing., afashli pl., afashkachi
pass., to fasten; to latch; to hasp;

latched; fastened.
a fastener; one that makes

afasha, pass. pl.,

afachali, n.,
fast or firm.

afahama, v. t., to strike at or on.

afahama, n., the place smitten or
struck.

afahata, v. a. i., to swing in, on, or at.

afahata, n., a swing; the place where
the thing swings.

afalama, v. a. i., to turn at; to return,
Luke 2: 43; to relapse; to return from;
to turn back at.

afalama, n., a return; the place at
which one turns back; a relapse.

afalamaka, n., the place or point of
turning back; the return.

afalamichi, afalaminchi (nasal form),
v. t., to answer; to reply; to make
return, I Sam. 2: 16; Josh..1: 16; 4: 7;
Matta 820% lita iS alae: li7s dul ohn
3:5; Gen. 40: 18. eranancne ilemihe:
kitok, he answered nothing, Matt. 27: 12.

afalapoa, adyv.; afalapoat pisa, to behold
sideways; to look sidelong.

afalapoli, v. a. i., to look at a thing
sideways; to ogle (in a woman).

afalapa, v.a.i., to be obscure or doubled
over (applied to language).

afalapa, v. a.i., to place the head on
the side of, as of a tree; to listen toa
bell at a distance.

afama, v. a.i., v. t., to meet; to join; to
come across, Matt. 8: 28, 34; Josh. 2: 16;
8: 5; 9: 11, 12; siafama, he met me;
itafama, to meet with; to meet to-
gether; to meet each other; to en-
counter; to light upon; itafamali, I met
with him; aiitafama, to meet with each
other at; to meet together at, or there;
afamahe keyu, a., will not meet.

afama, n., one that meets; also the name
of a man, a meeter; afamat abi, to meet
at and kill,

12

afana, pass., staked (as a fence).

afanalechi, afanalechi (from a stem
afanali), v. t., to see into; to search; to
make search; afanalechitithana, to search
and know, Rev. 2: 28.

afanali, vy. t., to direct; to guide.

afananchi, v. a. i., to look through a
hole; to peep or peek; afanantat hikikina,
y. a. i., to be peeping; to stand about
and peep.

afanata, n., a helmsman; the man at the
helm.

afancha, see afacha.

afataha, n., a place to swing in or at; a
swing.

afataiya, v. a. i., to be crosswise—like
okfowata, okfoata, or okhoata (q. v.).

afabeka, n., the left hand.

afabekimma, a., sinister; left handed.

afabekimma, adv., to the left hand; on
the left hand; alhfabeka, is also used in
Luke 23: 33.

afama (from fammi, to whip); n., a
whaling; a whipping post.

afammaiyukali, adv., annually; yearly;
each year.

afammi, n., a year; also a yearling,
Josh. 5: 6, 12; ilappat afammi atuchina
mako”, ‘‘these three years,’’ Luke 138: 7;
afammi pokoli untuchina akocha ushta, 84
years, Luke 2: 37.

afammi, v. i., to be a year, as ont
afammi.

afammi achafa, n., one year; a twelve-
month; afammi hosh afammikma, ‘‘from
year to year.”’

afammi hannali, a., sexennial.

afammi hannalikma, a., sexennial;
when it is six years.

afammi iklanna, n., half a year.

afammi iklanna, a., semiannual.

afammi iklannakma, adv.,
nually.

afammi talepa achafa, n., a century.

afammi talepa achafakma, adv., every
century; every hundred years.

afammi talepa sipokni achafa, n., a
thousand years; the millennium.

afammi tuchinakma, a., triennial.

afammi untuklo, a., septennial.

afammi untuklokma, a., septennially.

afammikma, adv., yearly; annually;
every year, Luke 2: 41.

semian-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

afammikma ilhpeta, n., a pension;
a yearly allowance or gift.

afammikma ilhpitachi, v. t., to pen-
sion,

afanalechi, see afanalechi.

afashkachi, pass. pl., fastened; latched;
from afashli.

afashkachi, n. pl., cogs.

afashli, pl. of afachali, to fasten; to latch;
alhfasha or afashkachi, pass.

afebli, v. t., to dent in deep, as into the
skull, or anything hard like a gourd
shell.

afehna, v.i., to be very; mihma nukowa-
kan afehna mat, Luke 6: 11, 45. (These
references are to the first translation of
Luke. )

afehnichi, afehnachi, vy. t., to praise; to
extol; to make much of; to laud.

afekommi, v. i., to be mischievous; to be
impatient.

afekommi, a., mischievous; impatient;
isht afekommi, v. t., to tease with; to
worry with.

afekommichi, v. t. caus., to make mis-
chievous.

afena, v. a. 1. sing., to come up; to rise
when pried.

afena, pass. sing., pried up; raised up by
prying.

afenali, vy. t. pl., to pry up; (afinni, sing. ;
afikachi, pass. pl.).

afepa, v. i. and pass. of afebli.

afepoa, pl. of afebli.

afetapa, v. i., to be hurt by accident.

afetapa, n., an accidental injury.

afetibli, vy. t. sing., to ensnare; to en-
chant; afetipoli, pl.

afetibli, n., an ensnarer; an enchanter.

afetipa, pp., enchanted; greatly inter-
ested; see affetipa.

afetipa, v. i., to be enchanted.

afetipa, n., enchantment.

afetipoa, pass. pl., enchanted.

afetipoa, v. i. pl., to be enchanted.

afetipoa, n., enchantings.

afetipoli, v. t. pl., to ensnare; to en-
chant.

afetipoli, n. pl., enchanters.

afi"kachi, pass. pl. of afenali, to be pried
up; pried.

afilema, v. a. i., to relapse; to backslide;
to turn over back.

BYINGTON]

afilema, n., a relapse.

afilemoa, v. a. i. pl. of afilema.

afilemoa, n., relapses.

afilimmi, v. a. i. sing., to relapse; to turn
back; to turn over; ajfilammi is to turn
away to the right or left.

afilimmichi, v. t. caus., to cause a relapse
or turning back.

afinni, y. t. sing., to pry; to turn the
helm; to turn a boat by the heim;
afinnit aba isht ia, to pry up; to pry and
take up.

afinnit abishtia, v. t., to pry.

afisa, n. (from English ‘‘officer’’), an
officer, Gen. 39: 1.

afoa, v. t., to scuffle for; to contend; to
resist; to force, 1 Sam. 2: 16; itima-
foa, to scuffle together; to contend; to
contest with each other; iafoa, n.,con-
tumacy.

afoa, affoa (q. v.), pp., wound around;
nantapasti noshkobo isht afoatuk ato, the
napkin that was about his head, John
20273

afoachi, n., a wrapper; an envelope.

afobli, afopli, vy. a. i, to go round; to
pass around; to encircle.

afoblichi, v. t. caus., to cause to wind or
go round.

afoha, n., arest; a place of rest; a har-
bor, Josh. 1:18, 15; afohahe a® hash
ahauchahimakoke, ‘‘ye shall find rest,”’
Matt. 11229.

afoha, v. i., to rest at, on, in, or there;
afohahe, Matt. 12: 43.

afohachi, v. t. caus., to give rest at, on,
in, or there.

afohka, afoka, n., a pocket; a case; a
place into which a single thing is put.

afohka, afoka, pass., put in at; placed
in there; afoyuka, ‘‘ conceived in her,”’
Matt. 1: 20.

afohka, v. i., to go in at; to go in there.

afohkachi, vy. t. caus., to put in; to cause
to go in.

afohkechi, afokkechi, v. t., to cause to
go into a path or river.

afohki, v. t., to put in.

afohoma, n., a hem; a rim; a band; a
welt.

afohoma, pp., hemmed, rimmed, lined,
welted.

afohommi, v. t., to hem; to rim; to
put on a rim or hoop at the border;

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 13

to line; to welt a shoe; to rima basket;
afoti, pl., q. v.

afohommi, n., one who makes a hem
or rim.

afoka, afohka, pp., put in; aforhka,
nasal form.

afoka, afohka, n., a case.

afolakto, v. i., to be forked at, as the
limbs of a tree or as a road.

afolakto, n., a fork; the place where
there is a fork.

afolakto, pass., forked.

afolaktochi, afolaktuchi, y. t. caus.,
to make a fork.

afolaktua, v. i. pl., to be forked.

afolaktua, n., forks.

afolaktua, pass., forked.

afolaktuli, v. t. pl., to make forks
there or at.

afolokachi, see fullokachi.

afololichi, v. t. sing., to surround; to
turn about at.

afolota, afoluta, afullota, v. a. i., to go
round at; to take a circuit there or at;
afolotoa, pl.

afolota, pass., taken round at; afolotoa, pl.

afolota, afullota, n., the circuit; the
extent round; a range; afolotoa, n. pl.
of afolota.

afolotachi, caus. sing., to compass, Josh.
(Be Bip (le

afolotolichi, v. t. pl. of afololichi.

afolotowachi, vy. t. caus. pl., to lead
round; to take round.

afolubli, v. a. i., to encircle; to surround;
to environ, Josh. 7: 9; aiimpa ya afo-
luplit echiya, was it to surround; afolublit
binohmanyatok, ‘‘sat about him,”
Mark 3: 32.

afolupa, pp., encircled; afolumpa (nasal
form), as afolumpa yakni moma kan,
“round about,’’? Mark 1: 28.

afoluplichi, v. t. caus., to encircle; to
surround; to cause others to surround.

afoluta, see afolota.

afoti, v. t. pl., to wind round; to roll
round; to wrap round; to involve; to in-
wrap; to reel; to rim; to swathe; to
twine; to wind; alhfoa, affoa, pass.,
nantapaski yosh isht alhfoyukatok, was
bound about with a napkin, John 11:44;
nantapaski noshkobo isht afoatuk ato, the
napkin that was about his head, Jobn
20; 7.

14 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

afolichi, v.t. caus., to cause to be wound;
to make them wind; to turn; to whirl;
to furl.

afopa, v. a. i., to be around.

afotoha, n., an auger hole, the place
where it is bored; a mill, the place
where it is ground; a grist mill; tanch
afotoha, a corn mill.

afotoha, pass., ground at; bored at.

afototi, v. t., to bore at or there; to
grind at or there. This word describes
the motion round in grinding and bor-
ing, and a means place where.

afoyua, afoyuha, (pp. from afoi, to
wind round; from afoa or affoa, pp.)
lengthened form, wound round. See
John 11: 44 (alhfoyuha in the last
translation).

afulli, vy. t., to stir a liquid and to ~

thicken food while cooking, as mush,
and tatfula, Indian hominy; affula,
alhfula, pass. form.

afullichi, yv. t. caus., to make or cause
to stir.

afullota, see ajolota.

ah, int., oh!, calling attention, like hark!
listen!

ath, adv., yes, it is; one form of the verb
to be and in the third person; siah, I
am; chiah, thou art; ah, he is; it is;
hatuk, it was; ah is nasalized to make
it distinctive, or definite like a”+h, the
substantive verb being added. i

ahabli, ahapli, n., a stirrup; a step; a
stepping place; a degree; a pace; a
treadle belonging to a loom, 1 Kings
10: 19.

ahabli, yv. t., to tread there; to tread on;
to trample; ahali, pl.

ahabli, pass., trodden on; ahata, pl.

ahablichi, y. t. sing., to tread into the
ground; to make one tread on it;
ahalichi, pl., Matt. 7:6; Luke 10: 19;
also Rey. 11: 2.

ahablichi, n., a treader; ahatichi, pl.

ahath, n., a negative; a negation.

ahath, adv., no; not so; a decided nega-
tive; nay; aha, 2 Sam. 13: 12.

ahah achi, y. a. i., to say no; to refuse;
to deny; to negative.

ahah ahni, vy. a. i., to take heed; to be
cautious; to beware of; to be careful;
to take care; to be watchful; to heed;
to look; to see; ahah hashimahnashke,

[BULL. 46

Matt. 7: 15. aha™h hashaiahni, Matt.
16: 6, 11; also Matt. 6: 1; 8:4; Mark 8:
15; ahah ikahno, v. a. i. neg. form, not
to take heed.

ahah ahni, a., mindful; scrupulous; so-
licitous; vigilant; careful; cautious;
wary; circumspect; considerate; ahah
ikahno, ahah ahni iksho, a., careless;

heedless; incautious; inconsiderate;
reckless; unguarded; unmindful; un-
wary.

afiah ahni, ady., warily; carefully.

ahah ahni, n., a caution; care; heed.

ahah ahni iksho, a., heady; careless;
supine. [This may be used also as a
noun, meaning heedlessness, etc.—
lel, (Seelale]|

ahah ahni iksho, adv., loosely.

ahah ahni keyu, n., rashness.

ahah ahnit impa,n., regimen; or to eat
with care.

ahah ikahno, n., mistrust.

ahah imahni, v. t., to take heed of him;
to look out for him; to beware of him,
Matt. 7: 15.

ahaklo, n., a hearing.

ahaksa hinla, a., pardonable.

ahaksi, v. n., v. t., to forget; not to notice;
to neglect; to omit; holisso ha” siahaksi,
I forgot the book.

ahaksi, n., an excuse.

ahaksi, pass., forgotten; overlooked;
neglected; excused; pardoned.

ahaksichi, vy. t., to overlook; to miss;
to neglect; to excuse; to forgive; to
omit, Matt. 23: 23; achafa kamo aha-
ksicha hinla, Luke 16: 13; holisso han
pisalahetuk osh ahaksichili, the book
which I should have studied I neg-
lected.

ahaksichi, n., one that forgets, over-
looks, neglects, misses; a forgiver; a
pardoner.

ahaksichi shal, a., remiss; very for-
getful.

ahaksit kania, n., oblivion.

ahalaia, v. a. i., to meddle; ahalaiali
keyu, I have no interest, Luke 12: 9.
(See below. )

ahalaia, n., a meddler.

ahalaia, ahalaya, v. a. i., to be inter-
ested; to have a care or concern, or in-
terest; to pertain; Luke 15: 7; nanta
ho” ishtishpiahalaia cho? what hast thou
to do with us? Matt. 8: 29; ahalan-

BYINGTON]

ya, Matt. 13: 11: 16: 23; siahalaia keyu,
Iam not interested; ilahalaia keyu, we
are not interested; amahalaia; isht
ahalaia, v. t., to care about; to havea
concern orinterestin; to have todo with,
Luke 4: 34; to concern; to interest; isht
ikahalaio, a., disinterested; isht ahalaia
keyu, a., impertinent; v. n., to be im-
pertinent.

ahalaia, a., interested; concerned; med-
dlesome; rightful; ikahalaio, ahalaia,
keyu, a., neutral; uninterested; free
Matt. 17: 26; itimahalaia, interested
in each other; itimahalaia, n., inter-
course; mutual interest.

ahalaia, n., a concern; an interest.

ahalalli, n., a shaft; a thill; a trigger; a
handle; a bail; a button; a knob; a hilt.

ahalalli, v. t., to take hold of, or at, or
there.

ahalupa, n., the edge; the place which
is sharp; iskifa ahalupa, the edge of
an ax.

ahalupa anukpilefa, n., a feather edge;
an edge that is turned up.

ahalupa anukpilefa, a., feather edged.

ahalupa anukpilifi, vy. t., to turn up
the edge.

ahama, n., ointment; oil for the pur-
pose of anointing; unction; pa®sh aha-
ma, hair ointment, Matt. 26: 9, 12;
nan ahama, ointment, Mark 14: 3;
Luke 7: 37; John 12: 5.

ahama, n., anointing. 1 John 2: 27.
See 1 John 2: 20, where unction is trans-
lated as a verb.

ahama, pass., anointed; oiled; smeared
or rubbed over with oil; wak nia ahama,
pass., tallowed; greased; ointed; nan
ahamat imalhtoka, his anointed, 1
Sam. 2: 10.

ahauchi, ahayuchi, v. t., to find; to dis-
cover; to acquire; to furnish; to have,
John 3: 36 [?]; to gain; to meet; to pro-
cure; to provide; ikahayucho, Matt. 12:
43; 16: 25; 18:13; Josh. 2: 22; Luke 15:
4)..6578) 9- Matt. 92:8: 72 7,.8; 10: 39;
13: 44; imahauchi, to furnish him;
ilahauchi, to furnish or find himself
(with provisions, tools, etc.); isht ila-
hauchi, vy. t., to make (as money); to
furnish himself by means of; haiaka,
pass., found, Luke 15: 32; isht ilahauchi,
pass., profited by means of.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

15

ahauchi, n., a finder; a gainer; a pro-
curer.

ahaya, a., y. n., sufficient to fill a hole;
filling a place or hole; also ikahayo,
neg. form and most used, not being
large enough to fill, as shapo a” ikahayo.

ahayu, v. t., to find; found in a man’s
name; Ahayutabt.

ahala, pp. pl. of ahabli, trodden down;
trodden on; trampled.

ahalhi, y. t. pl., to tread on; to trample
on.

ahali, see ahabli.

ahatichi, pl. of ahablichi, to tread into
the ground; to make them tread on it,
or them; to tread under foot.

ahalichi, n. pl., treaders; tramplers;
ahatinchi, nasal form.

ahammi, v. t., to anoint; 2 Cor. 1: 21;
Matt. 6: 17; Mark 14: 8; 16: 1; Luke
7: 46; Rey. 3: 18; to smear with grease
or oil; to grease; to rub gently; to oil
himself or another thing; to embro-
cate; to gum; to iron; to oil; to oint;
isht ahammi cha, anointed with and,
John 11: 2; chinoshkobo ishahammi
cha, anoint thy head and, Matt. 6: 17;
ahammoli, pl.; tali hata isht ahammoli,
to wash over with melted silver.

ahammi, n., unction.

ahammichi, vy. t. caus., to cause to
anoint; to anoint another person; isht
ahammichitok, he anointed him with,

_ Acts 10: 38.

ahapi, ahe api, n., a potato vine.

athatak, athatak, n.,my husband, ormy
man; chithatak, thy husband; thy man.
When the pronoun is prefixed, hatak
has the meaning of husband. [From
my experience and observation the
word for ‘‘man”’ is always pronounced
hattak, never hatak.—H. 8. H.]

ahbichakali, v. n., to be nineteen.

ahbichakali, v. a. i., to make 19, as d-
ahbichakali, we make 19, or are 19.

ahbichakali, a., nineteen; XIX; 19.

ahbichakaliha, ady., nineteen times.

ahchapi, see achapi.

ahchiba, n., tediousness; irksomeness;
a task.

ahchiba, achiba, (q. v.), a., tedious;
slow; disadvantageous; tiresome; trou-
blesome; difficult; irksome; laborious;
wearisome, Matt. 9: 5.

16

ahbchibali, vy. t., to trouble; to weary;
chiksamahchibalo kia, ‘‘trouble me not,”’
Luke 11: 7; also Mark 5: 36.

ahchifa, achefa, y. t., to wash; to lave;
to rinse; alhchefa, pp.

ahchifa, n., a wash.

ahchihpo, akchihpo, n., a drift; a float.

ahchishi, vy. a. i. and vy. t., to scent; to
smell the track; to follow by the scent;
to wind.

ahchishi, n., scent.

ahchu®wa, see achunwa.

ahe, ahi, he, sign of remote fut. tense of
the indicative mood—shall, will; as
ahi oke, and ahe tuk, should have;
it means future time simply, and not
purpose or intention.

ahe, n., apotato; asweet potato; a yam.

athe; he, adv., almost, Acts 7: 17;
etalamhe, we have almost finished
them or it; ilonathe, we have almost
arrived there; a”husi and athesi (q. v.)
are diminutives of a%he.

ahe aholokchi, n., a potato patch; a place
where potatoes are planted.

ahe alhpusha, n., a roasted potato.

ahe api, n., a potato vine.

ahe bunto, ahe munto, n., a potato hill.

ahe buntuchi, ahe muntuchi, vy. t., to
make potato hills.

ahe hobi, v. t., to boil potatoes.

ahe holbi, n., a boiled potato; a steamed
potato.

ahe ibish, n., a potato hill.

ahe inchuka, n., a potato house.

ahe kamassa, ahkamassa, n., a wild
potato; a hard potato.

ahe kashaha, n., a yam; a potato which
has a good relish.

ahe keyu, adv., shall not; can not; must
not; will not.

ahe lumbo, n., a round potato; an Irish
potato. ahe hoba and iksahe, a Six-
towns word.

ahe pata okla, n., name of the Choc-
taws belonging to the northeast district
of the Nation. The name is said to
have been given them from the fact
that at an early immigration they found
a place where there were many wild
potatoes—pata means spread out. But
others explain this name in other ways.

ahe pehna, n., seed potatoes.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

ahe shua, n., a rotten potato.

aheka, v. t., toowe; to be in debt; to get
on trust; imaheka, to owe him; his
debtor; pimaheka, Matt. 6: 12; issam-
aheka, or aheka issamiMakali, you owe
me; chimahekali, I owe you; itimaheka,
to owe each other; aheka amittakanh,
to be due me from him; see ahecha
in ilappa momaka nana issamahechishke,
all these things are against me, Gen.
42:36; ahekaithoyo, v. t.,todun; tolook
after a debt; to seek of him a due, that
which he owes; aheka itannali, to col-
lect debts. aheka atobbahe keyu, a., in-
solvent; unable to pay hisdebts. aheka
atobbahinla, a., solvent.

aheka, n., Luke 7: 41; a debt; a due; an
obligation; a charge; a duty; a score,
Rom. 13: 8; Matt. 18: 24; ilaheka, our
debts, Matt. 6: 12.

aheka, pass., v. n., trusted; owed; due;
credited; obtained on credit.

aheka iksho, a., unindebted; out of
debt.

aheka imasha, n., adebtor, Luke 16: 5.

aheka intakanli, yv. t., to owe him,
Matt. 18: 28; Luke 16: 5; Philem. 18;
aheka intakanlili, | owe him; aheka an-
takanli, he owes me:a., indebted; ahekat
takali, pass., charged.

aheka ishi, n., a creditor.

aheka takalichi, v. t., toscore; to enter
a debt; to charge with a debt.

aheka takanli, a., due.

aheka takanli, n., arrear; arrears; ar-
rearage; balances remaining due; a due.

ahekachi, y. t., 1. to sell on credit; to
trust; to get another in debt; to credit;
to charge; chiahekacheli, I trust you;
issiahekachi, you trust me; itimahekachi,
to trust eachother. 2. To buy oncredit;
“to run in debt;’’ to get on credit, as
by purchase. ahekachit holissochi, v. t.,
to debit; to trust and write it.

ahekachi, n., a creditor; a seller on
credit; a buyer on credit, nan ahekachi.

ahekachi, ahhekachi, ahheka, adv.,
lengthwise (of cloth); abaiyachi, length-
wise, of a field; n., the length.

athesi, a™husi, ady., almost; very near;
nearly; taha™hesi, nearly done, or gone.

aheto, ady., will not; can not; shall not;
umbaheto, it will not rain,

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY

ahetok, sign of the remote fut. perf.,
would have; should have; would have
been. achukmahetok, it would have
been well.

ahetuk, sign of the recent fut. perf.;
mintahetuk, he should have come. The
first syllable a unites with the last syl-
lable of the preceding word, which is
according to the usage of the language,
or, rather, the last syllable of the pre-
vious word is elided; thus—chumpa, to
buy, chumpahetuk; minti, to come, min-
tahetuk; haklo, to hear, haklahetuk.

ahheka, n., the length, as of a piece of
cloth; see ahekachi.

ahhekachi, n., the length. See ahekachi.

ahi, see ahe.

ahika, n., a station; a stand; a post; a
degree.

ahika, v. i. sing., to stand at, or in; to
stand there; ahitka, nasal form., stand-
ing in, or at, asa stick in a hole or an
arrow in the side; uskt naki at issi ak ot
ahikia, the arrow stands in the deer.

ahikia, n., a station; an estate; a footing.

ahikiat anumpuli, n., a pulpit; the place
where anyone stands and talks.

ahikma, as alhtaha"hikma, if it is nearly
ready.

ahilechi, n., an establishment; a place
where anything is set up.

ahila, n., a place where persons dance;
from hila, to dance; and a, adv., at,
there; aboha ahita, a ball room.

ahila, v. a. i., to dance at, or on.

ahinla, sign of the potential mood, pres-
ent tense; can, may, shall (in a mild
sense). The final syllable of the verb
is elided before ahinla. hashhomincha-
hinla cho? will ye season it, eh? cf.
Mark 9: 50.

ahinlatok, past tense; could have,
might have, may or can have.

ahinlatuk, recent past tense; could have,
might have.

ahinna, ahina, v. t., v. a. i., to tend; to
watch (as with the sick); to keep com-
pany; to be the companion of another
person; to stay with, to guard. ahinat
apela hioka imikbilashke, I will make
an helpmeet for him; chiahinnali, I
keep you company; issiahinna, you
are company for me; you stay with

84339°—Bull. 46—15

-

D)
a

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 17
me; itahinna, to keep company or be
pledged together; to consort together.

ahinna, pass., to be pawned; pawned;
pledged.

ahinna, n., security; a pledge; com-
pany; a companion; surety; itahina, a
companion; an escort; a watcher.

ahinnachi, y. t., to pawn; to pledge; to
cause to be the companion of another.

ahinnia, ahiniya, vy. 1., to relish much;
to be fond of.

ahkamassa, see ale kamassa.

ahmpi, see api.

ahni, ahli, v. a. i., v. t., to think; to ex-
pect; to fear; to hope; to wish; to pre-
sume; to calculate; to design; to desire,
Matt. 16: 1; also, to seek, Matt. 16: 4;
to aim at; to notice; to observe; to will;
to care for; to contemplate; to count
upon, Matt. 14:5; to destine; to dis-
pose; to entertain; to incline; to in-
tend; to like; to mark; to mean; to
notice; to purport; to purpose; to
reckon; to remark; to see; to tend; aba
anumpa ahni, to seek or desire the gos-
pel, or religion; chimahni, to desire of
thee; chiahni, to think or to wish thee;
alhpesa ahni, to comply; yohmi imahni,
v. t., to suspect concerning him; yohmi
ikimahno, a., unsuspected; nana okpulo
imahni, v. t., toexecrate; to imprecate;
to wish him something evil; nana ahni
iksho, a., indifferent, or to care for noth-
ing; to wish nothing; ilap ahnit yamoh-
mi, himself wishes and does; imahni;
to let him, Matt. 6: 3; to suffer, Matt.
8:31; 17:4; aiahni, pro. form, Matt.
18: 10; hashaiahni, Matt. 7: 12; ikahno,
neg. form; isht ikitahno, to hate him;
isht ikimitahno, to deride him, Luke
16: 14; ahnituk keyu, a., unpremedi-
tated.

ahni, a., disposed; minded; optional;
aware; designed; willing; ikahno, in-
disposed; unaware; undesigned; un-
marked; unperceived; unthinking; un-
willing; ahnahe keyu, a., undesirable;
will not wish.

ahni, n., a will; a wish; a desire; a
purpose; a disposition; an expectation;
an inclination; an intent; a meaning;
mind; motive; option; a plan; a pur-
port; a volition; ikahno, n., indisposi-

18

tion; alhpesa ahni, to suffer; to permit;
alhpesa issamahnashke, suffer me, Matt.
8: 21.

ahni, n., a wisher; an expectant; an ex-
pecter.

ahnichi, v. t., to respect; to like; to ap-
plaud; to love; to approve; to esteem;
ahninchi, nasal form, which is most
used; to reckon; to regard; to receive,
Matt. 18: 5; to savor, Matt. 16: 23;
ikahnincho, to despise; to dislike,
Matt. 12:7; ahnihinchi, freq.; ahniechi,
protracted form; i/ahninchi, to respect
himself; iahninchi, n., self-esteem; de-
ahninchi, to trust in himself; ikahnin-
cho, a., disliked; loathed; ikahninchot
isht anumpuli, v. t., to remonstrate.

ahnit, adv. (t issometimes used as acon-
junction), purposely; ahnit anukfilli, to
remember; ahnit ishi, v. t., to choose;
to wish and take; ahnit holitobli, to ob-
serve, Josh. 1: 7, 8.

ahoba, n., an illusion; an appearance; a
prospect.

ahoba, a., worthy; ikahobo, neg. form,
worthless; unworthy; having no worth;
stale; isht ikahobo, a., disgraced by it;
v.n., to be disgraced by it; isht ikim-
ahobo, a.

ahoba, v.i., v. n., to seem; to appear;
to have worth; to look; to conjecture;
to think, Matt. 6:7; siahoba keyu, ‘‘I
am not worthy,”’ Luke 3: 16; imahoba,
it seems to him, or he presumes; nan
ikimahobo, a., unconcern; being noth-
ing to him, ete.; ikimahobo, it does not
seem to him, or it is of no worth to
him; ikahobo, a., unuseful; unworthy;
useless; vain; waste; of no worth; of no
account; cheap; idle; inefficient; in-
significant; jejune; mean; refuse [?] ;
nana apaikahobo, a., insipid; ikchiahobo,
Matt. 5: 22; isht iksamahobo, it is of
no worth to me; it is nothing to me;
ahobachi, v. t., to cause to seem;
ilehobachi, to make like himself; ahobali,
ahoballi, which see for definitions;
ikahobalo, neg. f., v. t., to mock; to de-
spise; to disparage; to sneer; to make
light of; to despise, 2Sam. 1: 21; Matt.
9:3; ikahobalo pisamat, when he saw
that he was mocked, Matt. 2: 16;
Chihowa ikahobalo, v. t., to blaspheme
Jehoyah; isht ikahobalo, y. t., to blas-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

pheme, Mark 3: 28, 29; ikahobalot anum-
puli, to blaspheme, Mark 2: 7; Acts 26:
11; ikahobalot nan ikmihacho, not blas-
pheme, 1 Tim. 2: 20; ikahobalot nana
mihanchi, ‘‘blaspheme,’’? James 2: 7;
ikahobalot anumpuli, to blaspheme,
Matt. 12: 31; ahomba, v. a. i., to have,
as nipi chiahomba.

ahobachi, v. t., to represent; to in-
struct; to imitate.

ahoballi, v. t., to represent; to cause to
appear like; ahobanli, nasal form.

ahobi, see i/ahobbi, to pretend.

ahochifochi, see hochifochi.

ahochukwa, a., chilly; cold (as a per-
son, nota thing); aguish. This wordis
applied to the feeling or sensation of
cold, and not to the weather or any
object; kapassa is applied to objects,
hochukwa to a person’s sensation.

ahochukwa, v. i., to be cold; to feel
the cold (asa person); siahochukwa, I
am cold.

ahochukwa, n.,
ague.

ahochukwachi, a., chilly; coolish.

ahochukwachi, v. i., to be chilly; chi-
ahochukwachi, you are chilly.

ahochukwachi, n., chilliness; cold-
ness. These words are applied to de-
scribe the sensation of cold which a
person experiences; kapassa is applied
to objects, as weather, water, etc.;
kapassa aiena hatukoka, Acts 28: 2.

ahofahya, n., shame, reproach.

ahofalli, pass., hatched.

ahofanti, n., nourishment; the place or
means of raising a being or a creature;
nurture; nutriment; pabulum.

ahofallechi, v. t., to hatch or multiply
(as fowls), Gen. 1: 22.

ahofobi, n., a deep place; an abyss,
Matt. 18: 6; ikahofobo, n., a shallow.

ahofobika, n., the deep place; the depth;
the deep; an abyss; the abyss; kohchat
ahofobika, Luke 8:31; ahofobi fehnaka,
Romi LO 7

ahofombika, n. (nasal form of above),
the deep; the place where it is deep.
ahofombika pit takalichi cha, ‘launch
out into the deep,” Luke 5: 4.

ahoiya, n., a strainer; a filter, or the
place where liquid runs through it in
drops or small streams.

chilliness; coldness;

BYINGTON]

ahokchi, y. t., to plant at.

ahokchichi, v. t., to plant with some-
thing else. See Matt. 13: 25.

ahokli, n., a handle; a haft; a place at
which to seize or take hold; agin; a hilt.

ahokofa, n. sing., ahokoli, pl., the end,
or cessation; the place at which it is cut
off; adecision; atermination; iti ahokofa,
the place where the tree is cut off; a
stump.

ahokofa, v. i. sing., to cease; to end; ont
ahokofa wa, it will never cease or end;
ahokoti, pl.

ahokofa, pass., cut off at, ended, con-
cluded, decided, extinguished; ahokofa
iksho, a., without end, ceaseless, end-
less; itahokofa, pass., unjointed; ‘ta-
hokofa, n., a gap; nanih itahokofa, a
mountain gap.

ahokoffi, v. t. sing, to cut off at; to cease;
to put an end to at; to decide; to des-
tine; to discontinue; to set; imahokoffi,
y. t., tosilencehim; to cut him off. ita-
hokoffi, v. t., to unjoint; to cut asunder.

ahokoffi, n., one that cuts off.

ahokoffichi, v. t., to end; to finish; to
conclude; to extinguish.

ahokohi, pl. of ahokofa (q. v.).

ahokolichechi, v. t. caus., pl. of aho-
koffichi.

ahokolichi, vy. t. caus., pl. of ahokoffi.

aholabechi, y. t., to procure false wit-
nesses; to accuse falsely.

aholabechi, n., a false accuser.

aholabi, v. t., to bear false witness; to
lie; to perjure, Luke 3: 14.

aholabi, n., a false swearer; a liar; a per-
jurer.

aholba, n., an image.

aholba, y.i., to resemble; ahoyulba, pro.
form.

aholhpokunna, n., a dream, Gen. 42:9.

aholhpokunna, vy. i., to dream; aholhpo-
kunnatuko”, that which he had dreamed.

aholhtachi, see ahotachi.

aholhtapi, n., a string, a file, anything
on which beads, meat, fish, and the
like are strung; nani aholhtapi, a string
of fish; shikala aholhtapi achafa, one
string of beads.

aholhtina, n., the number; aholhtina
iksho, without number.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

hs)

aholhtina, v. i., to be numbered, to be-
come; yakni aholhtina, to become earth;
lukfi aholhtina, to become dust.

aholhtina iksho, a., innumerable, un-
numbered, numberless, sumless.

aholhtufa, n., a reel.

aholihta, n., an inclosure.

aholisso, n., paper.

aholissochi, n., a desk, a writing table,
a slate, a place to write on; aholissochi
at hoyo cha, ‘‘he asked fora writing ta-
blet and,’”’ Luke 1: 63.

aholitobli, v. t., to worship.
tobli.

aholitopa, n., honor, John 4: 44; a sanc-
tuary.

aholitopaka, n., glory, Luke 4: 6; John
11: 40.

aholitopa"ka, n., glory. See Matt. 25:
31; isht aholitopaka in last edition.

athollo, v. t., he loves me; chi®hollo, he
lovesthee; i”hollo, he loves him; a”hollo,
dear to me; chi™hollo, dear to thee;
ihollo, deartohim. This verb and ima
have the dative pronouns im, 7”, etc.,
inseparably united. sa”hullo, chithul-
loli, John 21: 15, 16,17. See i”hollo or
ithullo, the later and more correct mode
of spelling.

athollo, v. n., with a pronoun in the
dative case, dear to me; or it is ren-
dered, I love it or him, her, or them;
ithollo is also rendered, he is stingy,
he loves it, he will not part with it,
he is close. (See above. )

ahollohpi, ahollopi, n., a grave; a place
of burial or interment; a graveyard, 2
Kings 9: 28; a tomb; a sepulcher; a
vault, John 11: 31, 38, 44.

aholloka, aholloka, n., a sacred thing;
hatak imilhfiopak at aholoka fehna hoke,
the life of a man is very sacred.

ahollopi boli, vy. t., to sepulcher; to lay
in the grave; to entomb.

ahollopi kalli, n., a grave digger; a sex-
ton.

ahollopi tali hikia, n., a grave stone; a
tombstone.

aholokchi, n., ground planted; a place
planted; ikaholokcho, n., fallow ground,
ground not planted; a fallow.

aholuya, n., a filter; a leach tub.

ahonala, ahonala, pp. pl., nailed; nailed
up or upon.

isht aholi-

20

ahonali, v. t. pl., to nail on; to nail up.

ahonalichi, y. t. pl. caus., to nail on;
itahonatichi, to tack together.

ahonola, n., a spinning wheel.

ahonola isht talakchi, n., a wheel band.

ahonolushi, n. diminutive, a small spin-
ning wheel.

ahopoka, n., refuse.

ahopoksa, a., wise.

ahopoksia, a., wise.

ahopoksi®ka, n., wisdom, Luke 2: 40 [?].

ahoponi, n., a kitchen; any place where
cooking is performed; a cook-room.

ahopoyuksa, n., wisdom, Matt. 11: 19.

ahopoyuksa, v. i., pro. form, to be wise.

ahopoyuksaka, n., righteousness, Matt.
5: 6.

ahosi, n., a mortar; a place where corn,
salt, and the like, are pounded fine.

ahosi, v. t., to beat there; to bray in; to
pound there.

athosi, Matt. 1: 11; see a”husi.

ahoshmi, n., altar; place where any-
thing is burnt, Luke 1: 11. [alta in ed.
of 1854.]

ahoshonti, n., a cloud.

ahoshontika, ahoshintika, n., a shade;
a shadow of any inanimate object.

ahotachi, aholhtachi, n., warping bars.

ahotupa, n., a wound.

ahoyo, n., the place where a search has
been made; as tanchi ahoyo, where the
corn has been gathered; the harvest,
his harvest, Matt. 9: 38.

ahoyo, v. t., to search at, there, or in.

ahpalli, v. t., tofondle; to fawn; to play
with a living object.

ahpalli, n., a fondler.

ahpi, n, the commencement; the first.

ahpi, v.a.i., to be first; aiahpi, where it
commences.

ahpi, ahmpi, a., first, as qllahpi, first
child; attapi, first born; nitak ahpi, first
day. It is sometimes written as being
part of another word, as allahpi for
alla ahpi; allanakni ishi ahpi, Matt. 1:
25; tofahpi, spring, first of summer;
hashtolahpi, fall, first of winter.

ahsakti, n., wild potato.

ahumba, y.1., to have; from ahoba, (q.v.).

ahumma, n., a tan vat.

ahummachi, n., a tan vat; a tan pit.

ahutsa achafa, n., a gunshot.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

athusi, a®hosi, adv., most; almost;
near; nearly. ‘‘Near,’’ 1 Sam. 4: 19;
isht iamhosi, Matt. 1: 11; derived from
athe, q. V-

ai, a diphthong having the sound of 7
in pine; mine.

ai, a ‘‘locative particle’? or adverb be-
fore vowels, meaning at, from, in, on,
place where, or in which, or time
when, there, by means of, atta, aiatta,
to stay at; born at, or born there; a
imonatok, went unto him there, Matt.
14: 36; when the verb begins with
a consonant the adverb is a (q. v.).
peni anurkaka aiokchalinchitok; betore
y ai is used, as pit aiyitepa, Josh. 8: 15.
ai often changes the verb to which it is
prefixed to a noun; as afta, to reside,
aiatta, a residence; ali, true, aiali, the
truth, or where it is true, the true place.
ai is prefixed to some verbs in the in-
tensive form; ati, aiatti; ahni, aiahni;
yohmi, aiyohmi; yamohmi [generally
spelled yammohmi—H. 8. H.], aiya-
mohmi; aia is a repetition of this adverb,
as chik aia miho, Matt. 5:35. Norr.—In
the intensive forms, made by doubling
a consonant, where y occurs and is
doubled, the letter? is used forthe firsty;
yakohmi aiyakohmi, and not ayyakohmi;
hoyohoiyo, not hoyohoyyo.

ai is used for the final a of some nouns;
when the article a or ya is suffixed, as
chuka, ahouse; chukaiya or chukaia, the
house. The original vowel is changed
for euphony’s sake.

aia, ia (q. v.), v. a. i., to go.

aia, n., a going; one that goes.

aiabachi, n., doctrine; see Mark 12: 38.

aiabeka, a., unhealthy; ikatabeko, salu-
brious.

aiabiha, n. pl., bins; receptacles; places
filled up.

aiachafa, n., a kind.

aiachafa, v. a. i., to pertain to; ibaiachafa,
to be one of, Josh. 5: 13.

aiachefa, n., a wash tub; a wash place.

aiachukma, n., a good place; aiachukma,
n., nasal form, being a good place.

aiachu®kma, a., good; being good; John
1: 46 [?].

aiachukmaka, n., the good place; good-
ness; peace; Luke 2: 14; the state [of

BYINGTON]

peace]; aiachukma”ka, n., nasal form,
being the good place.

aiachu™wa, n., a seam.

aiafacha, n., a staple.

aiahalaia, vy. a.i., to be of, or to belong
to; to be interested in; 1 John 2: 16
[2]; ishahalaia, chiahalaia, chimahalaia.

aiahanta, n., capacity, state, or condi-
tion.

aiahni,n., will, John 1: 13; 4: 34; a
point, a project, a sentiment; nan
aiahnika, the will, Matt. 7: 21.

aiahni, v. a.i., to think of; to wish, Matt.
1:19; to will, Luke 5: 12; 6: 31.

aiahni, v. t., as in aba anumpa aiahnili, I
think about the gospel.

aiahninchi, v. t., to respect; to like; isht
aiahninchi, n., favor, grace, Luke 2: 40.

aiahoba, vy. a.i., to appear, 1 John 3: 2.

aiahpi, n., place or time of beginning;
Chihowa hokat atobat aiahpitok: v. t., ikim-
iksho hoke, Child’s Cat., p. 4, question 7.

aiaka, a., large, long, much, Luke 16:
10; anumpa aiaka anumpuli. imponna;
anumpa ikaiako hachimanumpohonlila
chin hoke (ikaiako=not worthy—said
by the speaker).

aiaka, v. n., to be large; to be long,
Luke 16: 10.

aiakachi, y. t. caus., to make large or
long; to lengthen; to enlarge.

aiakmi, n., a model.

aiakmo, n., a foundry.

aiakmochi, vy. t., to solder; to cause it
to adhere to; itaiakmochi, v. t., to solder;
to solder together.

aiakostininchi, y. t., to know about,
John 3: 8.

aialota, n., fullness; the place filled.

aialota, a., filled up.

aia"ti, vy. a. i., to succeed; to prosper; to
be true to; akchimaia™tot, Josh. 1: 5.

aiath, v. n., to be successful.

aia"li, adv., takafi aiantitok, perfectly
healed, Matt. 14: 36.

aia", n., success; fulfillment; justice;
might; a reality; asurety; thrift; truth;
trueness; veracity; virtue; isht aianti,
power, Mark 12: 24; ikaianto, n., treach-
ery; untruth.

aiath, a., successful; thrifty; just, Matt.
1: 19 [?]; loyal; open; peremptory;
perfect; plain; pure; positive; real; ster-

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 21

ling; substantial; i/aianto, a., pending;
unsuccessful.

alatti, v. a. 1., to succeed.

aiathi, pp., prospered; fulfilled; ratified.

aia"h achukma, a., holy.

aia™ti fehna, a., prevalent.

aia"li ikakostinincho, a., uncertain.

aia4li ikithano, a., dubious.

aia"li keyu, a., truthless.

aia"tichi, v. t., to accomplish; to verify;
to fulfill, Matt. 5: 17; to comply; to
prosecute; to ratify; to substantiate; to
support; to perform, Matt. 5: 33; im-
aiantichi, v. t., to sanction; aiantichi, n.,
probation.

aiatika, n., power, Luke 4: 6; glory,
John 2 11.

aiathka, a., mighty, Luke 1: 49.

aialipa, n., a crown, a wreath, a tur-
ban, John 19: 2.

aia"tishke, y. n., to be true; it is true,
John 4: 37,

aiaht, adv., loyally.

aiamona, aiammona, n., the begin-
ning; the commencement.

aianompisa, n., the sight of the gun.

aianowa, aiannowa, pp., to be called
to; to be invited, to be told, John 2: 2.

aianoyuwa, n., pro. form, fame; the re-
port.

aianta, nasal form of aiatta, to reside.

aianta, v. a. i., to stay at; to be stay-
ing at; aiahanta, freq. form.

aianta, n., an abode.

aianukcheto, v. t., to trust to; to com-
mit unto, John 2: 24.

aianukcheto, n., trust; confidence; de-
pendence; resource.

aianukpalli, n., temptation; place of
excitement, interest, or desire; see the
Lord’s prayer.

aianukpallichi, vy. t., to tempt with;
to excite the feelings by means of.

aianukpallichi, n., a tempter.

aianukpallika, n., the place of temp-
tation; the temptation.

aianumpuli, n., the place where any
one speaks; a council; a desk; a pulpit;
a stand (used in camp meetings).

aianumpulika, n., the place of speak-
ing; the council ground.

aianumpuli aboha hanta, n., a chapel;
a church; a meeting house; an oratory.

22

aianumpuli chuka, n., a council house;
a house used as a place of public speak-
ing, debate, or council.

aiapesa, n., a hall, common hall, place
of judgment, Matt. 27:27; a place where
anything is measured; establishment.

aiapoksia, n., an office (as the office of a
priest), Luke 1: 8.

aiapushli, n., a place for broiling or
roasting; an oven.

aiasittia, n., a hobby.

aiasha, vy. a. i. pl. (sing., aianta), to sit;
to tarry; to remain; to dwell; to be
there; to occupy, Matt. 2:5, 6; aiasha,
are in, Matt. 11: 8; aiashahe oke, shall
be, Matt. 13: 42, 43; 18: 10; used often
for the plural of the verb to be (Luke
5: 2); see a%sha, the intensive form of
asha; aiasha and aianta are in the pro-
longed form of asha and anta.

aiasha, n. pl., inhabitants; residents,
Joshe9eo. die

aiasha, n. sing., ‘“‘place,’’ 1 Sam. 5: 3;
throne, Matt. 5:34; see also Matt. 17: 14.

aiasha, n. pl., seats; abodes; habita-
tions; mansions, John 14: 2; Chintail
aiasha; Matt. 10: 5; aiahanshwa, freq.,
John 1:39:

aiasha holitopa, n., a throne.

aiasha holitopa ombinili, pp., en-
throned; seated on a throne; y. a. i.,
to sit on a throne.

aiasha holitopa ombinilichi, y. t., to
enthrone.

aiashachi, vy. t. pl., to lay them on; to
lay them at, or there; boli, sing.; pit
aiashacha he, castthem into, Matt. 13:42.

aiashachi, n., receptacle; a place where
are laid or placed.

aiashachi, y. t., to err at; to make a
mistake at, or by means of; to sin about,
or at; to overlook.

aiashachi, n., a prisoner; a transgressor;
one who makes mistakes.

aiashachi, n., a mistake; an error; an
oversight; a sin, John 1: 29; a fault,
Matt. 18: 15.

aiashachika, aiashacheka, n., a sin; a
mistake, Luke 3: 3-6; 5: 21; Mark 2: 7;
Matt. 12:31; tlaiashacheka, n., our sins;
hachimaiashacheka, Mark 11: 26.

aiataha, pp., qualified.

aliataia, n., a landing; a place to lean
against or to rest upon.

BURFAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

aiatalhi, v. t., to qualify, to capacitate,
to furnish.

aiatikonofa, n., a strait, 2 Sam. 24: 14.

aiatokko, aiatukko, n., a shelter, a
protector, a refuge. See atukko.

aiatokowa, n., declaration; testimony,
John 3: 11; witness, John 4: 44.

aiatokowali, v. t., to bear testimony.

alaya, n., passage, route, place of going.

aialbi, or aialli (q. v.) n., reward, Luke
23: 41; price; cost; mark, Phil. 3:14;
see alli and albi.

aialbichi, v. t., to price.

aialbiha, n., a vessel, Matt. 13: 48; Mark
11: 16; a winefat, Mark 12: 1.

aialbina, n., a camp; an encampment.

aialbinanchi, y. t. nasal form, to camp
at; to make an encampment.

aialbo, n., the place soldered or glued
together.

aialbo, v. a. i., to adhere; to stick on; to
cement; to cleave to; itaialbo, to adhere
to eachother; itaialbo, pp., a., cemented
together.

aialbo, pp., a.,adhered; cemented; glued;
sticky.

aialbuchi, v. t., to solder; to glue; to
cause to adhere; tocement; itaialbuchi,
to solder together; to glue together.

aialhchapi, aialhchipi, n., a place for
playing a Choctaw game; see achapi.

aialhchu"wa, n., a seam; the union of
two edges of cloth by the needle; a
stitch.

aialhpesa, n., a preparation; proper
place or time; the nick (of time); the
critical time; season; power, Matt.
C295 92163

aialhpesa, a., suitable; expedient; op-
portune; ordinary; rightful; aialhpiesa
keyu, evil, Matt. 12:34; nana ikaialhpeso,
folly, Josh. 7: 15.

aialhpi, aiu"lhpi, n., a handle; a hasp.

aialhpiesa, v. n., prot. form, to fulfill;
to be justified; isht chiaialhpiesa, Matt.
12 Site

aialhpiesa, pp., fulfilled, Matt. 2: 17;
aiimaialhpiesa, n., need, Matt. 9: 12;
an intensive form doubled by the pre-
fix a.

aialhpiesa, n., an opportunity.

aialhpiesa, n., righteousness, Acts 10: 35;
Matt. 3: 15; 5: 20; a., righteous; hatak
aialhpiesa, Gen. 18: 23.

BYINGTON]

aialhpusha, n., an oven; a meat oven;
a place or vessel used for roasting; a
place where things are roasted; from
alhpusha, roasted, and ai, place where.

aialhtaha, a., full; complete; plenary;
pp., completed; made ready.

aialhtaha, n., fullness; completion; per-
fection; plenitude.

aialhto, n., a bin; a box; a canister; a
receptacle; that in which dry articles
and liquids are kept; a vat; a vessel,
1 Kings 10: 21, 25.

aialhto, v. a. i., to be in; to be inside;
aboha ilaialhto, we are in the house;
aianlhio, nasal form.

aialhtoba, n., a reward, Matt. 10: 41.

aialhtoba ikono ki®sha, a., undue; not
due yet.

aialhtoka, n., lot; office; duty, Luke
89!

aialhtokowa, pp., appointed; required;
assigned as a duty, Luke 3: 13.

aialli, aialbi, n., price, 17th hymn, 3d
verse; see aiilli.

aialwasha, n., a frying pan.

aiali, v. a. i., to start from; to com-
mence from; toend at, Matt. 1: 17.

aiali, n., the edge; end, Matt. 10: 22;
limit; border; extent; bounds; the butt;
compass; conclusion; the extremity;
period; pitch; the reach; term; termi-
nation; the upshot; the sum total; as
yammakosh aiati, that is all or the
whole; yakni aiati, n., the coast; border,
Josh. 1:4; 15:6; confine; the extreme;
limitation.

aiali, a., finite; last; utmost.

aial, adv., through.

aiali, pp., limited; ant imaiati, until,
Matt. 11:18; ant aiati, unto, Josh.
BE oO!

aiali, v. t., to reach.

aia, v. a.i., to be from; aiatit mihinti
ma, Matt. 4: 17.

aiali iksho, a., unlimited; without limit;
infinite.

aialichi, v. t., to terminate.

aialichi, y. t., to limit; to bound; to
bring to an end or close.

alammona, see mamona.

alamo, v. t., to gather from or of,
Luke 6: 44.

aiamoma, see aiimoma.

aiani, n., a funnel; a tunnel.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 23

alannowa, see aianowa.

aiashwa, vy. a. i. pl., to be there; to stay
there.

aiashwa, n., the place where they stay,
sit, ete.

aiatta, v. a. i., to reside at; to dwell; to
inhabit.

aiatta, n., a residence; an abode of any
kind; the place of one’s birth; a native
place; a domicile; a habitation; a lodg-
ing; a mansion; a room, | Kings 10: 26.

aiatta, n., an inhabitant; a lodger; a
native; one born in any place.

aiatta ikithano, a., unfixed.

aiatta iksho, a., vagabond; being with-
out a home; vagrant.

aiattatok nitak, aiyattatok nitak,
n., a birthday, Gen. 40: 20; Matt. 14: 6.

aieha, pp., washed, as to the head.

aiehchi, ayehchi, aiyehchi, vy. t.
aiehchi, 1 Sam. 19: 2; Josh. 8: 2.

aiehna!,aiyehna®! int. (used by females;
nota manly word), Oh, ah, alas, O dear,
an inter. of sorrow or regret; aiyehnahe!
is a longer term.

aieli, v. t., to wash one’s own head.

aielichi, v. t., to wash the head of an-
other, or to cause it to be done.

aiemoma, a., always; see aiimomachi.

aiena, con. ady., and, together, withal;
prep., with.

aiena, v. a.i., to be with; to be one with;
to go with; Matt. 5: 6, moma aiena kat,
ete., Matt. 2: 3; Josh. 8: 5; aienali keyu,
Tam not with; I am not one of; aienali
kat, iluiena kato, Josh. 14: 11; Matt. 9:
14; hachimaienahe, shall be added unto
you, Matt. 6: 33; ilaiena, Gen. 47: 3;
Josh. 5: 11; to be together with, Matt.
6: 33; 2 Sam. 24:4; Matt. 12: 3, 4; ohoyo
alla aiena kato atsha hon, beside women
and children; itaiena, to be together
with; imitaiena, used for a concubine,
see 1 Kings 11: 3 (the word tekchi comes
in before imitaiena; in Judges 19: 2, it
appears without tekchi).

aiena, ady., also; likewise; and with a
negative, neither, Matt. 6: 19; 18: 17;
Josh. 7: 11; ilaiena, Matt. 9: 14.

aieninchi, y. t., to put with; to put along
with; to include; ifaieninchi, to put
together with; to do both together,
Matt. 10: 28; 13: 29; aieninchit, v. t.
and conj., to put with and, or an ad-

See

24

verbial expression; aienint, contracted
from aieninchit, as ilappa aienint isht ia;
itianint, to go together; itaieninchi, v. t.,
to put together with; Luke 4: 40; d-
aieninchi, itianinchi, both, Luke 5: 7;
with, Luke 5: 19 [?]; Matt. 6: 24.

aieshi, n., a handle; a haft.

aieshi, y. t., to take hold at; to take
hold there.

aieta, see akaieta and akabonsha.

aifoli, n., ivory, Rev. 18: 12.

aiibacha"fa, v. a. i., to be one with,
from iba and achafa; anumpa hat Chiho-
wa yan atibachatfatok, John 1:1, 2.

aiibetabli, n., an offense, Matt. 18: 7.

aii"falammi, n., a schism.

aiihchi, v. a. i., to lie in ambush; to lie
in wait for, in order to catch or kill;
to watch.

aiikhana, aiithana, n., knowledge;
understanding; place of knowledge;
seat of learning; aiikhana ati, limit or
scope of knowledge; as far as one re-
members; see aiithana ali.

aiikhana, n., a place for learning; a
school.

aiikhananchi (nasal form), n., a place
of instruction; a place of teaching; a
school.

aiiklana, n., the middle; where the
middle is; the half way; the center.

aiiklanaka, n., the middle.

aiiklanna, n., the half; where the half is,
John 8: 3.

aiiklanna®ka (nasal form), n., themiddle
place; the half; being the half; yakni
aitklannatka.

aiiksiachi, see aiiskiachi.

aiiksho, v. a. i., ‘‘consumed,’’ Josh. 5: 6.

aiilbasha, n., wretchedness; poverty;
misery; affliction; hell.

aiilbasha imma, a., infernal; hellish.

aiilbashaka, n., the place of sorrow; the
state of sorrow; hell.

aiilekostininchi, n., repentance; place
of reformation.

alilhpeta, n., place where feed is given;
a trough; a manger; a stall; a place of
receiving a benefaction or annuity.

aiilli, n., place of death; a death bed;
home, death, John 21: 19.

aiilli, v. t., to cost; to fetch.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 46

aiilli, aialli, aialbi, n., price; worth;
value; cost; an estimate; fare, 1 Kings
10: 28.

aiilli, pp., valued.

aiilli atabli, aiilli atable, v. t., to over-
charge.

aiilli atapa, pp., overcharged; a., dear;
too high.

aiilli atapa, v. a. i., to be dear, or too
high; to be too costly.

aiilli atapa, n., an overcharge.

aiilli atapa, a., overvalued; unvalued.

aiilli chaha, n., a high price.

aiilli chahachi, v. t., to raise the price.

aiilli chito, a., dear; having a large price;
costly; expensive; high.

aiilli chito, pp., priced high.

aiilli chitoli, v. t., to price high.

aiilli ikchito, a., cheap.

aiilli ikchitocho, aiilli ikchitolo, v. t.,
to price low.

aiilli iklauo, a., cheap; bearing a small
price.

aiilli iksho, aiilliksho, a., without price;
gratuitous; priceless.

aiilli iksho, n., cost free.

aiilli iskitini, a., cheap; bearing a small
price.

aiilli iskitinichi, v. t., to reduce the
price; to cheapen.

aiilli onanchi; aiilli ikonancho, y. t., to
underrate; to undervalue.

aiilli onitula, pp., rated; priced.

aiilli onuchi, v. t., to rate; to price; to
value.

aiilli onuchi, n., an appraiser; a rater;
a prizer.

aiillichi, v. t., to set a price upon; to
price; to value.

aiitaualli, n., a playground; a play; the
stage.

alitaualli, n., a scene.

aiifaualli chito, n., a scene.

aiitaualli chuka, n., a theater; a play-
house.

aiimaiyachi, v. t., to overcome; yakni an
aiimaiyachit tatili hoke, John 16:33.

aiimalhpesa, n., his disposition, custom,
way, habit, humor, instinct, nature,
style.

aiimalhtaha, n., maintenance.

aiimmi, a., his; his kind; after his kind.

aiimmi ayukali, n., each one after his
kind.

BYINGTON]

aiimmi bi®ka, a., alike in kind; bashpo
aiimi binka ishishi athpesa, you may take
knives that are like each other; aiimmi
binka ayuka, a., every one after his
kind.

aiimoma, aiamoma,a., adv., always so;
natural;naturally small; iswba atimoma,
a horse that is naturally small; hatak
aiimoma, aman of small stature; abeka
aiimoma, always sick or feeble.

alimoma, v.n., to be naturally small; to
be thus always, 1 John 2: 17[?].

aiimomachi, y. a. 1., to be accustomed;
to be so naturally; to be habituated;
aiimomali, I usually do so.

aiimomaka, n., a habit; a custom.

alimomaka, aimomaka, a., habitual.

aiimomachi, n., a habit.

aiimomachi, vy. t., to habituate; to rea-
son.

aiimomachi, a., habitual; veteran.

aiimpa, n., lit., an eating place; any place
where any creature eats, as a rack, a
range, a manger, a plate, a table, a dish,
Matt. 15: 27.

aiimpa, n., a boarder.

aiimpa, v. t., to eat at, or on; to eat
there.

aiimpa foki, vy. t., to stall [or to stake
a horse out to grass; lit. ‘‘to put in an
eating place.’’—H. S. H.]

aiimpa iskitini, n.,astand; a small table.

aiimpa iyi, n., a table leg.

aiimpa o"Hlipa, n., a table cloth.

aiimpa ona, n., meal time.

aiimpa umpatalhpo, n., a table cloth.

aiina, v. a. i., to become the wife of a
man in company with another woman;
to become a wife of inferior condition,
there being another wife of the hus-
band; itaiina, to marry a second wife,
the first being alive and living with her
husband.

aiina, aiena, n., a wife of inferior condi-
tion; the second wife; a concubine;
itaiina, n. pl., wives together of one
man; itaiena, 2 Sam. 5: 13.

aiinla, y. a. 1., to alter; to change.

aiinla, pp., altered, Luke 9: 29.

aiinlachi, v. t., to alter; to change.

aiintakobi, a., tired out by means of or
with it; wearied with.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 25

aiintakobichi, v. t., to tire down with;
to weary with.

aii?nukkilli, n., anger (an attribute), 2
Sam. 24: 1.

alisikkopa, aiissikkopa, n., wrath; place
of torment, Luke 3: 7 [?].

aliska, pp., fixed; regulated;
order.

aiiskia, vy. t., to fix; to regulate; to put
in order; to repair.

aiiskia, n., a regulator; a repairer.

aliskiachi, aiskiachi, v. t. caus., to fix;
to repair; to put in order; to recon-
cile, 1 K. 11: 27; see aiskiachi.

aiiskiachi, aiskiachi, n., a repairer.

aliskiali, v. t., to mend; to repair.

alissa, n., a place deserted, abandoned,
left, or forsaken; a ruin.

alissa, v. t., to ravish, 2 Sam. 13: 12;
hokli cha aiissa, to commit a rape, 2
Sam. 13: 14.

alissachechi, v. t. caus., to end; to
cause to end; to cause to abandon; to
employ one to cause another to quit
or abandon a plan or project.

aiissachi, pp., ended, Luke 4: 2.

alissachi, y. t. and v. a. i., to desert; to
leave off; to cause to quit; pissachi, he
causes us to quit; aiissacheli, I quit, or
I have quit it.

alisso, v. t. sing, to beat; to smite at,
there, or on; itaiisso, to smite each
other at, on, etc.; to bunt; to strike
together; pl., aboli.

aiisso, n., the blow; the place struck; a
slam.

aiilshah, a., extreme.

aii4shahi, n., the extremity.

aiishi, n., the handle; the haft.

aiishi, v. t., to take hold at; to seize it
there, or at.

aiishko, n., a drinking place; a watering
place; a drinking vessel, 1 K. 10: 21.

aiishko, v. t., to drink at; to drink from
or out of.

aiisht ahalaia, n., right.

aiisht ahollo, n., a miracle, John 2: 11;
asign, John 2: 18[?]; a wonder.

aiisht ahollochi, y. t., to perform mir-
acles or wonders.

aiisht aiokchaya, n., the vitals.

aiisht aiopi, n., the extreme; the last.

aiisht atiaka, n., a progenitor; a kins-
man.

put in

26

aiisht awechi, n., foundation; origin.

aiisht ia, v. a. i., to start from; ilappa
isht ia, to start from this.

alisht ia, n., the beginning; the com-
mencement; the start; the germ; the
spring.

aiisht ia ammona, n., the beginning;
the first commencement; the rise; the
origin; the ground.

aiisht ilahauchi, n., profit; nana atisht
ilahauchi achukma, a., profitable.

aiisht ilaiyukpa, n., enjoyment.

aiisht ilapisa, a., profitable.

aiisht ilapisa, n., a benefit.

aiisht ilapisahe keyu, a., unprofitable.

aiisht illi, n., occasion of death; reason
for death, Luke 23: 22.

aiisht inchakali, a., conceived in her
by means of; pregnant by means of.
Matt. 1: 20.

aiisht itintakla, n., a medium; that by
means of which.

aiishwa, v. t., to smell of.

aiitachaka, pp., spliced at.

aiitachakalli, v. t. sing., to splice it at or
with; to add on at; to continue at; to
weld at.

aiitachakhi, y. t. pl., to splice them at
or with.

aiitafama, v. t., to meet at.

aiitafama, n., a confluence; a meeting;
the place where they meet; a junction.

aiitahoba, n., a place of meeting; a place
of assembling; tali holisso avitahoba yan,
the receipt of custom.

aiitahoba, v.a.i., togatherat; to assem-
ble at.

aiitahobi, v. t., to assemble at.

aiitaiyokoma, n., a flutter; a puzzle.

aiitanowa, n., a road; a highway.

aiitatoba, n., amarket; a trading place;
a factory; a house of merchandise,
John 2: 16; an emporium; a shop; a
store.

aiitatoba chito, n., a fair.

alitatoba chuka, n., a market house;
a factory; a trading house; a_ store-
house.

aiitatobanowa, v.a.i., toshop.

alitachaka, n., a joint; a place spliced or
welded.

alitachakilli, n., a suture.

alitanaha, n., the place of meeting or
assembling; a rendezvous; a resort.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

aiitanaha, v. a. i., to assemble at; to
rendezvous.

aiitannali, v. t., to assemble at.

aiitanowa, n., a street, Matt. 6: 2, 5.

aiitapi"ha, y. a. i. nasal form, to be with;
to be associated with, Luke 23: 32.

aiithana n., a disciple; nan aiithana
ateha, Matt. 17: 10.

aiithana, n., knowledge; place of knowl-
edge; or aiikhana, q. v.

aiithana ali, n., memory; the extent
of knowledge; see aiikhana.

aiithanaka misha, a., immemorial.

alithana, v. t., to learn at; to acquire
knowledge at; imaiithana, v. t., to
learn of him; imaiithana, n., a learner;
his disciple.

aiithana, n., a school; a place of learn-
ing; a seminary; nana aiithana, n., a
disciple; a scholar; nan imaiithana, n.,
his disciples, Matt. 13: 10.

aiithana chuka, n., a schoolhouse.

alitibafoka, n., a junction; a peer.

aiitibbi, n.,a field of battle; a place or
scene of a battle, a battle ground; a
field, 2 Sam. 18: 6; aiitihimbi, 2 Cor. 7: 5.

aliti2bilitka, n., propinquity; place near
to each other.

aiitilaui, n., an equal; equality.

aiitintakla, con., through; by means of;
ady., in the meanwhile, John 4:31;
between, Josh. 3: 4; during (the time of
harvest), Josh. 3: 15.

aiitisetali, n., junction (as the junc-
tion of one water course with another).

aiitishali, v. t., to ride three together on
one horse; to ride treble.

aiitishali, n., a generation.

aiitisholi, y. t., to ride two together on
one horse; to ride double.

aiititakla, con., among, Josh. 3: 5.

aika or eka, interjection of dislike.

aiksiachi, aiiksiachi, see wiskiachi.

Ailish, n., Irish; the Irish.

Ailish, a., Irish. ‘

Ailish hatak, n., an Irishman.

Ailish okla, n., the Irish; the Irish peo-
ple or nation.

Ailish yakni, n., Ireland.

aimomaka, see aiimomaka.

aioa,aiyoa, aiowa, vy. t. pl. ofishi, to pick
up, Matt. 13: 29; to choose, aioat ilita-
hoba he a™, Matt. 13: 28; aioat . . . pit
apitta, Matt. 13: 48; aiywa, pp., picked

BYINGTON]

up; aiwwa, pass., to be chosen; 2. Chron.
25: 5.

aio"binili, aiombinili, aiomanili (q.v.),
n., a seat; a chair.

aio®binili api, n., a chair leg.

aio®binili falaia, n., a bench.

aio®binili hanta, n., a sacred seat.

aio"binili holitopa, n., a holy seat; a
sacred seat; a throne.

aiochi, see aiuchi.

aio"faiokachi, n., a rocker, the curving
piece of wood on which a cradle or
chair rocks.

aiothikia, n., a vestige.

aiohmi, v. n., to be so; siaiohmi, I am so.

aiohmichi, v. t., to cause; tomakeit so.

aio"holissochi, n., a writing table; a
desk; a line.

aioholissochit achunli, n., a sampler.

aiokami, n., a wash basin; a wash bow];
a place for washing the face; a laver.

aiokami, y. t., to wash the face in or at.

aiokchalitka, n., redemption; isht ai-
okchatya, redemption, Luke 2:38.

aiokcha"ya, v.n., to live by, Luke 4: 4.

aiokcha®ya, pp., to be saved, John 3: 17

aiokcha”ya, a., vital.

aiokchatya, aiokchaya (Matt. 18: 8,9),
n., life; salvation; support; sustenance;
vitality; see aiokcharya in aiokchanya
yar, Matt. 7: 14.

aiokcha"ya alhpisa, n., salvation, John
4: 22.

aiokchipelih, aiokchifelih, y. a. i., to
gaze at.

aiokhaneli, see aiyukhaneli.

aiokhankachi; itaiokhankachi, corners,
Matt. 6: 5.

aiokla, n., a settlement of persons.

aiokla,v. t., to settle at; to inhabit.

aiokla, pp., settled; inhabited; ckaioklo,
a., uninhabited; wild.

aiokla achafa, n., a habitant; an _ in-
habitant.

aiokla hinla, a., inhabitable; habitable.

aioklachechi, vy. t., to populate; to fur-
nish with inhabitants.

aioklachi, v. t., to settle others at a
place; to cause to be inhabited.

aioklachi, n., one that settles others in a
place.

aiokluha, a., all; itaioklunha, all together,
Vohmelssmleeote 2:

aiokluha, ady., heartily.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE Sal

aiokluhali, v. t., to take all together.

aiokluhalinchi, v. t. caus., to cause all
to be taken together; aiitaiokluhalinchi,
Luke 23: 32.

aiokluhanchiy, v. t., to take all together;
to take also; to take together with.

aiokhleka, n., darkness; the dark; the
dark place; obscurity; obscureness;
kocha aioktileka, outer darkness.

aiokhili, n., darkness; where it is dark,
or where the dark is.

aiokhlit"ka, n., nasal form, darkness,
John 3: 19° a shade.

aioktilitkaka, n., the darkness, John
12: 46; the dark place.

aiokpancha hinla, a., laudable.

aiokpanchi, a., thankful; courteous;
grateful; heedful; officious; welcome;
as hatak aiokpanchi achukma; ikaiokpan-
cho, ikaiokpacho, a., ungrateful; un-
thankful; unwelcome.

aiokpanchi, n., thankfulness; saluting;
greeting; applause; a benediction; a
blessing; gratitude; notice; observ-
ance; a reception; respect; reverence;
a welcome.

aiokpanchi, n., a saluter; an esteemer.

aiokpanchi, v. t., to celebrate; to ap-
plaud; to approbate; to thank; to re-
ceive well; to laud; to magnify.

aiokpanchi achukma, n., readiness.

aiokpanchi achukma, a., cheerful.

aiokpanchi keyu, a., unthankful, Luke
6: 35; inattentive; ungenerous; iksam-
aiokpancho at, he is not grateful for
what he has of mine [?].

aiokpanchit anoli, v. t., to recommend.

aiokpachechi, aiyukpachi, v. t. caus.,
to amuse; to cause to greet; to make
glad; to cheer; to delight. This word
is a form of yukpachi.

aiokpachi, aiyukpachi, v. t. (from
yukpa; properly ayukpachi instead of
aiokpachi), to salute, Matt. 10: 12; to
greet; to approve; to bless, Matt. 14:
19; to accept; to accost; to acknowl-
edge; to worship, Matt. 4:9; 8:2; 14:
33; to receive well, Matt. 10: 40; to con-
gratulate; to shake hands; to dignify;
to fawn; to gratulate; to homage; to
honor; to notice; to prosper; to regard;
to respect, Matt. 12: 7; to revere; to
reverence; to sanction; to thank; to
glorify; to warrant; to welcome; to

28

worship, Matt. 8: 2; Josh. 5: 14;
aiokpanchi, aiyukpanchi, nasal form;
aiokpahanchi, treq., Matt. 9: 8; 15: 9,
31; aiokpaiyachi, protracted form; isht
aiokpachi, v. t., to treat; ikaiokpacho,
to refuse; isht aiokpachi, n., gift, Matt.
8: 4; ikaiokpacho, pp., refused; un-
noticed; unregarded; unrespected; re-
pulsive.

aiokpachi, n.,a greeter; asaluter; a wor-
shiper.

aiokpachi, n., acompliment; eclat; grat-
itude; avalediction; ikaiokpacho, n., in-
gratitude; a slight.

aiokpachi, a., diligent; (aiokpachi achuk-
ma, industrious), attentive; ikaiokpa-
cho, a., unconstant.

aiokpachi, n., diligence; (aiokpachi ach-
ukma, industry ).

aiokpachi achukma, adv., readily.

aiokpachi alhpesa, a., worshipful.

aiokpulo, n., evil; guilt.

aiokpulo, n., a bad place; an evil place.

aiokpulo, v. a. i., to be bad.

aiokpulo iksho, n., innocence; inno-
cency.

aiokpuloka, v. a. i., to be ruined.

aiokpuloka, n., the bad place; a bad
place; hell, Matt. 10: 28; an abyss; the
abyss; a furnace; perdition; tophet;
destruction, Matt. 7: 13; a desolation,
Josh. 8: 28.

aiokpuloka, a., evil, Luke 11:13; vexed;
isht aokpuloka, vexed with, Luke 6: 18.

aiokpuloka chito, n., the great place of
evil.

aiokpuloka chukoa, pp., damned.

aiokpuloka foka, pp., damned; put into
hell; cast into hell.

aiokpuloka foki, v. t., to damn; to put
into a bad place.

aiokpuloka iksho, n., soundness.

aiokpuloka iksho, a., unblemished.

aickpuloka luak, n., hell fire; Matt. 5:
Pao Moe ts),

aiokpulutka, n., perdition; aiokpolurka
ushi, John 17: 12; a wreck; hell; aiokpu-
loka, Matt. 5: 22; 11: 23; 16: 18.

aiokshilinta, pp., nasal form, shut up;
being shut up; Luke 4: 25.

aiomanili, n., a seat; a chair; bottom of
a chair; a stool.

aiomanili api, n., a chair post; a chair
leg.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

aiomanili falaia, n., a bench; a form; a
settle.

aiomanili iyi, n., a chair leg; a chair
post; leg of a stool.

aiombinili, see aiobinili and aiomanili.

aiona, n. (from ona and ai), access; the
place by which to go to.

aiona, n., time; season, Luke 2: 6; ik-
aiono, before the time; ikaiono kitsha
hon, before the time, Matt. 8: 29; 7ik-
aiono, ady., untimely.

aiona, v. a. i., to go to; to betake to; to
reach to or there; aionashali, v. t., v.
a. i., to haunt; ikaiono, neg. form; ik-
aiono, a., immature; ikaionocheli, v. t.,
to bring forth before the proper time;
to miscarry; ikaiono ieshi, v. t., to mis-
carry; n., an abortion; ikaiono atta, v.
t., to bring forth before the proper time;
ikaiono atta, n., an abortion.

aionasha, n., a seat; a chair; a cricket;
room.

aionasha aiataya a¥sha, n., an elbow
chair.

aionasha umpatalhpo, n., a cushion
for a chair.

aionitola, n., a bier, Luke 7: 14; that
which he lies on; a rest.

aiontalaia, n., a site.

aiontalat fulokachi, n., a pivot; a pin
on which anything turns.

aionusha, n., a bed; a frame on which
a man lies or sits. See Luke 5: 18.

aiopi; ont aiisht imaiyopi, Luke 11: 26.

aiopitama (pl., aiopitamoa), v. n., to lap
over (as shingles on aroof) ; itiaiopitama,
to pass each other.

aiopitama, pp., made to pass each other;
passed.

aiopitammi (pl., aiopitamoti), v. t., to
pass by one that is coming from the
opposite quarter; itiaiopitammi, to pass
each other, whether in sight or not,
especially when going in opposite di-
rections.

aio™shobolichi, n., a kiln (as where
boards are kiln dried).

aiowa, n., a long hunting expedition; a
hunt after wild animals. See aioa, to
pick; to select.

aiowa, y. a.i., to go out on a hunting ex-
pedition; to hunt wild animals.

aiowata, n., hunting ground.

aiskachi, pp., mended; fixed; repaired.

BYINGTON]

aiskia, aiiskia, v. a. i., to ameliorate; to
improve, the second form is probably
the correct one; atiskia keyu, a., uncor-
rected.

aiskia, a., pp., fixed; repaired; regu-
lated; amended; corrected; amelio-
rated; mended; redressed; refitted;
relieved; renovated; trimmed; ilaiskia,
ref. form.

aiskia hinla, a., reparable.

aiskiacha hinla, a., reparable.

aiskiachi, aiksiachi, v. t., to settle; to
trim; to unclog; to wind; to fix; to
repair; to regulate; to ameliorate; to
better; toimprove; to correct; to dress;
to fit; to indemnify; to mend; to re-
dress; to refit; to relieve; to remedy;
to renovate; to ripen; ilaiksiachi, to re-
form himself; see aviskiachi.

aiskiachi, n., a repairer; one that fixes;
amender; aiskiali, a second form (?).

aiskiahe keyu, a., irreparable.

aiuchi, aiochi, a place at a spring, well,
branch, or pond, where water is dipped
up or taken up by means of a bucket.

aiuh, int.

aiukleka, n., an embellishment; an or-
nament.

aiukli, n., a beauty; fineness; a form;
grace.

aiukli, a., beautiful; handsome; comely;
fine; pretty; ikaioklo, ikaiuklo, a., ill
favored; ugly; not handsome; unhand-
some.

aiukli, v. n., to be beautiful, pleasing,
acceptable; neg., ikaioklo, not to be
beautiful, pleasing, ete.

_aiukli, pp., embellished; beautified; gar-
nished.

aiukli keyu, a., homely.

aiuklichechi, v. t., to embellish.

aiuklichi, v. t.; to beautify; to adorn;
to make handsome; to garnish, Matt.
23: 29.

aiukluhali, vy. t., see aiokluhali.

aiulhkachi, n., a steeper.

aiulhpi, or aialhpi (q. v.), n., a handle,
a haft; a hilt.

aiulhti, n., afireplace; a district; a coun-
cil fire; a state; a government.

aiunchololi, n., a tribe, Josh. 4: 2; 7: 14.

aiunchululi, v. a. i., to form a generation.

alunchululli, n., the sprouts that grow
up from the roots; a generation; a young

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

29

generation; a race; a tribe, Josh. 3: 12;
itatunchululi, generations, see Matt.
1:17; ttaiunchululi auahushta, 14 gen-
erations.

aiuntalali, see haiyantalali.

aiushta, a., the fourth; ont aiushta, adv.,
fourthly.

aiushtaha, ady., fourth time; the fourth
time.

aiya, v. a. i., to go along; see arya.

aiyabechi, aiyubechi, y. t., to aggra-
vate, to make worse, especially when
sick; to give a death blow or a finish-
ing stroke to the dying; to heighten
(as a fever); to impair.

aiyabechi, n., one that makes worse.

aiyaka, a., great; many: aiyanka, in nan
ayarka, ‘‘ great things,’’ Mark 3: 8.

aiyakohmi, ayakohmi, v. a. i., to do so,
Jonnll28- 923123

aiyakohmichi, ayakohmichi, y. t., to
do thus or so.

aiyala, aiyala, pro. form of ala, to come
at length or at last; to arrive at last;
aiyahanla, freq., they come or keep
coming.

aiyammi, pp., salted; sweetened; satu-
rated.

aiyataia, see ayataia.

aiyabbi, aiyubi, a., pp., worse; made
worse; heightened; impaired (as
health); from ai and abi, to kill; ai-
yambi, nasal form.

aiyabbi isht i4"shah, a., worse (as when
sick).

aiyammi, a., pp., sweetened with; salted
with or in.

aiyammichi, v. t., to salt with or in; to
sweeten with.

aiyamohmahe alhpesa, n., fatality;
office.
aiyamohmi, n., a _ habit; manners;

method; a mode; order; principle; a
rite; a style; a trade; a vogue; a way.
aiyamohmi keyu, a., unfashionable.
aiyamohmi makali, n., vulgarity.
aiyatta tok nitak, see aiatta tok nitak.
aiyehchi, see aiehchi.
aiyehna®, see aehna.
aiyichifichi, n., a hawk; a hen hawk;
a pigeon hawk.
aiyimita, aiyi®minta, v. n., to be bold,
brave, or animated,

30

aiyimita, n., boldness; bravery; cour-
age; eagerness; zeal.

aiyimita, a., bold; brave; animated;
doughty; eager; valiant; ikaiyiminto, a.,
unanimated.

aiyimitachi, vy. t. caus., to make bold;
to embolden; to prompt; to provoke.

aiyimmika, n., faith; confidence, Luke
18: 42.

aiyoa, aioa (q.v.), ayoah, v. t. pl., to
pick up; to cull; to garble; to sort;
ayuda, pp-

aiyoba, aiyuba, a., good; excellent; se-
lected; select; choice.

aiyoba, v.n., to be good; aiyomba, nasal
form, good things mixed with bad, as
good potatoes mixed with bad ones.

aiyobachi, aiyubachi, to do good to; to
make good; see Matt. 18: 15.

aiyobatka, n., a good place; being a good
place.

aiyobali, v. t., to mix good things
together; aiyubali, see Hymn 31, 4th
verse.

aiyohmi, v. n., v. a. i., to be thus; to
do so.

aiyokoma, imaiyokoma, v. a. i., to puz-
zle.

aiyokoma, aiyukoma, v. n., to be
puzzled; to be at a loss; to be in doubt;
to doubt; amaiyokoma, I am puzzled;
it is a puzzle to me; itaiyokoma, pass.,
confused together; cluttered; con-
founded; deranged; discomposed; dis-
ordered; jumbled; tumbled.

aiyokoma, n., confusion; a nonplus; i-
aiyokoma, n., a clutter; disorder.

aiyokoma, a., imaiyokoma, pp., puzzled;
imanukyila aiyokoma, pp., distracted.

aiyokomi, y. t., to puzzle; to perplex;
itaiyokommi, v. t., to clutter; to dis-
order; to jumble; itaiyokommit itannali,
y. t., to lumber.

aiyokomichi, v. t. caus., to cause to be
puzzled; to puzzle; to derange; to non-
plus; imaiyokomichi, v. t., to pother;
to puzzle; to bewilder; itaiyokomichi,
to confound or confuse each other; to
derange; to discompose; imanukfila
imaiyukomichi, or imanukfila aiyuko-
michi, to confuse the mind; to distract.

aiyopi, Luke 11: 26. See aiopi.

alyopisa, n., a scene.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

aiyoshoba, n., error; wandering; sin;
place of wandering.

aiyoshoba iksho, a., holy; without er-
ror.

aiyoshoba iksho, n., holiness.

aiyua, aiyuah, pp. of aiyoa (q. v.), or
ayoah, picked up; gathered; culled;
garbled; chosen.

aiyua, a., picked up.

aiyua, n., that which is picked up.

aiyuba, see aiyoba.

aiyubachi, see aiyobachi.

aiyubechi, see aiyabechi.

aiyuka, adj. pro., every one, asitha ai-
yuka, Matt. 7: 8; na holissochi aiyuka,
every scribe, Matt. 13: 52, anyuka in
hapichuka anyuka, aiyuka, each; see
ilaiyuka,; aiyuka, is the root from which
is formed aiyukali, ilaiyukali, ilaiyuka,
etc., Matt. 4: 24; 12: 31.

aiyukali, a., each, Josh. 4: 5; 5: 8; 7: 14;
iskifa inmshi aiyukali, each has an ax;
afammi aiyukali, each year; yearly.

aiyukhaneli, v. a. i., to crossa row.

aiyukhana, v. a. i., tocross; itaiywkhana,
v.a.i., to cross each other; to intersect;
n., a cross; tlaiyukhannali, v. t., to
cross each other; to intersect.

aiyukhana, aiokhana, aiukhana, n.,a
cross; itaiokhankachi, corners, Matt. 6:5.

aiyukhanniy, v. t. pl., to cross; to inter-
sect; itaiyukhanni, v. t., to cross each
other; to intersect.

aiyukoma, see aiyokoma.

aiyukpa, n., joy; ahappy place; a place of
happiness.

aiyukpa, pp., made glad; profited, Matt.
15: 5; aiisht ilaiyukpa, to take joy to
himself in.

aiyukpali, v. t., to make glad; to make
glad with; to gladden.

aiyukpachi, v. t., to cheer.
chi.

aiyuma, a., pp., mixed; itaiywma, itai-
uma, pp., mixed together; blended;
mixed; compounded; commingled; com-
mixed; intermixed; mingled; shufHled;
tumbled; ikitaiywmo, a., unmingled.

aiyuma, v. a.i., to mix; itaiyuma, v. a.
i., to mingle; ikitaiyumo, not to mingle;
aiyumichi; itaiyumichi, to temper; to
blend; to mix; to tumble together,

See aiokpa-

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY

aiyummi, vy. t., to mix; to mingle; itai-
yummi, to mix together; to commingle;
to commix; to compound; to inter-
mingle; to intermix; to mingle; to
shuffle.

aiyupi, ayupi, n., a bath; any place for
bathing or wallowing in the sand or
mire; a laver.

aiyushkami, a., lecherous.

aiyushkammi, y. a. i., to lust.

aiyushkammi, n., lust.

ak, sign of the first per. sing. of negative
verbs, as mintili, I come; akminto, I do
not come.

ak, sign of the first per. sing. of one of the
forms of the imp. mood, as pisali, I see;
akpisa, let me see.

ak, a particle of frequent occurrence in
the Choctaw language. It is found,
together with its compounds, in some
form after nouns, pronouns, adjectives,
verbs, adverbs. The sense of this par-
ticle varies according to the part of
speech it succeeds. It is sometimes
ak, then hak or yak (perhaps kak
should be added, from hk, . definite,
and ak). It follows verbs. It is used
as an article and a relative pronoun.
It is a word often used for des-
ignation or distinction, not only of a
thing, i. e., a noun, but also of action
and herein it differs from the English,
except when we render the verb as a
noun. In akoke, Matt. 2:6, it is dis-
tinetive and marks one object from all
others. It is usually rendered by the,
that, one singling out from others;
luak akkeyukma pilashpahe keyu, if it
were not for the fire, ete. Compounds
of ak are: akan, haka", makat—akano—
akat, akat, not used, akhet, being sub-
stituted—akatuka", the, Matt. 16: 12—
akato, akato—akchoba—akcho? 2 Sam.
24: 13; akbano and akbato, sign of optat.
mood—akbano, ady., that only—akbat,
ady., that only (¢ makes the word
the subject of some verb) — akhe,
akhin—akheno, in particular; especially
that; and by way of disparagement—
akhet, especially that one to his disad-
vantage—akheto, that in particular;
contradistinctive, and disparaging (ano
akheto, how much less I, if you can not
(bid at an auction) )—akin, contracted

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 31

from akinli—akilla kia, only the, Matt.
14: 36—akinh, advy., also; likewise;
too (ak, that; inli, also); that again;
im yakni akinli, Matt. 18: 57; takofi
akinli, he is well, that again—akinili,
pro., self; selves—akinlika, the same,
Matt. 18: 1—akint, a contraction from
akinlit—akkia (ak, that; kia, let it go),
even; even as; so much as, Matt. 11:
23; even the, Matt. 12: 8; also the,
Matt. 13: 26; 15: 16; 17: 12—akma,
sign of the sub. mood. The first
word is changed when the verb ends
with 7 or 0; see ikma and okma. The
real particle is kma and kmat—akma-
ko — akmakocha — akmakoka — akma-
koke—akmakona—akmakosh—akmakot—
akmakhet (and -heto); see akhet, etc.—
kmakhe (and -heno)—akmano—akmat—
akmato—akon, the, it, Matt. 5: 24; 17: 4;
iMmsinikak akon, theirsynagogue, Matt. 12:
9; haiyukpulo ako”, thetares; a*kanchak
ako™, my barn, Matt. 13:30; ilap akon,
him, Matt. 18: 6; chu”kash ako™ aminti,
Matt. 15: 18; ano akon, me, Matt. 18: 5.—
akocha.—akoka.—akokano; onush ak-
okano, Matt. 13: 30.—akoke; hatak ushi
akoke, Matt. 18: 37; imalla akoke, Matt.
13: 388; Setan akoke, enchil aleha akoke,
Matt. 13: 39.—akokano. — akokat. —
akokato.—akokia.—akona.—akosh, Matt.
17: 10; wshi akosh, who is the son,
Matt. 11: 27.—akot.

aka, a particle, with olbal, as olbal aka;
(also anuk aka and paknak aka, yakni
paknak aka), sometime; olbal aka, hind-
ward, rearward.

aka itula, see akka itula.

akabo®sha, akabosha, pp., a., charred,
burnt, or reduced to coal; reduced to a
mass, like coals or rotten potatoes; same
astaha. akaietaisa synonym of this
word.

akabu®shli, v. t., to char; to burn or
reduce to coal, as is the custom of the
Choctaw with the dry bark in their
hot houses; to burn to a coal.

akachakali (from aka and achakali), v.
a.i., to lift up the head; to stand with
the head up; to cock; to lift up the
eyes.

akachakalichi, causative or compulsive,
to lift up the head, ete., 2 Kings 9: 32.

32

akachuli, akachali, n., edge of a door
yard; border of a door yard, Luke 16:
20 [?].

akachunni, see akkachunni.

akaieta, synonymous with akabonsha
(q. v.) and same as taha.

akaieta, plu. of aiena? many; with all;
ahe at shuat akaieta; hatak uh akaieta;
ilhkolitakaieta, ihkolit atomafa, Matt. 3:
10 [?].

aka®k anusi, n., a hen roost; a roost.

aka®k abi, n., a hen hawk.

aka"k chaha, n., a tall hen; a tame tur-
key.

aka"k chaka, n., the wattles of'a hen.

aka"k hishi, n., hen feathers; a hen
feather.

aka®k hu"kupa, n., a poacher; one that
steals fowls.

aka"k impasha, n., the wattles of a hen.

aka®k inchuka, n., a henhouse; a hen-
coop.

akat®k ishke, n., a hen that has had chick-
ens; an old hen; a mother hen.

aka®k kofi, n., a guinea hen; a pintado.

aka®k nakni, n., a cock; a rooster.

aka®k nakni himmita, n., a cockerel.

aka®k nakni itibbi, n., a cock fight.

aka®k ola, n., cock crowing; the time at
which cocks crow; early morning.

akaXk ola, v. a. i., to crow; to cry or make
a noise, as a cock.

aka®k tek, n., a hen; the female of the
common domestic fowl.

akatk tek himmita, n., a pullet.

aka?k ushi, n., the young of the domestic
hen; a chicken; a hen’s egg; akank
ushi peliechi, n., a brood of chickens.

aka"k ushi achafa bo"h, n., a nest egg.

aka"k ushi hakshup, n., a hen’s egg
shell.

aka"k ushi holba, a., oval; oblong; of
the shape or figure of an egg.

aka"k ushi i"walaha, akak ushi
walakachi, n., albumen; the white of
an egg.

aka®k ushi lakna, n., the yolk of a hen’s
egg.

aka"k ushi lobunchi, n., a hen’s egg.

aka"k ushi lobunchi shua, n., a rotten
egg.

aka"k ushi petiechi, n., a brood of
chickens.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

aka®k ushi walakachi, n., glair; albu-
men; the white of an egg.

aka"ka, n. of com. gen. and number, a
hen; hens; name of a domestic fowl;
a chick; a chicken; poultry.

akakoha, v. i. pl., to fall (as in battle),
2 Sam. 18: 7; see l Sam. 4: 2, 10; to
fall down, chatyat akakoha, ‘‘ hewn
down,’’ Matt. 7: 19.

akakoh, v. t., to fell, Deut. 20: 19.

akakolichi, y. t. caus., to cause to fall,
1 Sam. 4: 3.

akalampi, see kalampi. ;

akalapechi, v. t. caus., to freeze; to
cause to freeze; to congeal; akalampichi,
nasal form; to congeal.

akalapi, n., frost.

akalapi, pp., frozen; akalampi, frozen;
congealed.

akalapi, v. n., to freeze; to congeal;
akalampi, nasal form, and the one most
used.

akalapit taha, pp., frozen up.

aka®lusi, pp., humbled.

aka®lusi, a., v. n., to be low, grave (in
music), or humble; akanlusi, nasal form
(q. V.).

akata, pp., broken and spilt, as an egg.

akatalli, v. t., to break; to break open
so that the contents run out; aka”k ushi
a” akalalli, he breaks the egg.

akama, akama, alhkama, pp., shut
up; stopped.

akamatoli, v. a. i. sing., to leer (as a
horse).

akamatushli, v. a. i. pl., to leer.

akamali, akamalli, v. t. sing., to stop
up; to cork; to close; see akamoli.

akamassa, Vv. a. 1., to harden:

akamassa, n., atachi, Ex. 26: 6, and isht
akamassa in the same verse; itakamassa,
v. a. i., to settle.

akamassa, pp. and a.,fastened; buckled;
buttoned; compacted; itakamassa, fas-
tened together; joined together strong
(as the planks of a floor when well
laid); clasped together; consolidated;
strengthened; sealed; ikakamasso, a.,
open; not fastened.

akamassali, y. t., to fasten; to button;
nafoka akamassali, to seal; to buckle;
itakamassali, tofasten together; to clasp;
to compact; to consolidate.

BYINGTON]

akamolechi, v. t., to strangle; to stop
up; see akomolechi.

akamol, v. t. pl., to stop up; to cork;
to bung (applied to any hole or gap);
alhkamoa, pl. pp., see akamali.

akanali, v. a.i., toapproach; to approx-
imate.

akanalichechi, y. t. caus., to approxi-
mate, to bring near.

akanalichi, v. t. caus., to move along;
to remove from.

akanallechi, y. t.
from.

akanalli, akanallih, v. a. i., to remove
from; to go from; to move from.

akanimi, n., manner; fashion; means.

akanimi, a., after some fashion; some-
how.

akanimi, vy. a. i., to be after some man-
ner.

akaniohmi, n., a deed; an action, John
3: 19; a dealing, John 4: 9; matter; cir-
cumstance; providence; itimakaniohmi,
mutual dealings, John 4:9; hash akan-
iohmi, your works, Matt. 5: 16 (here
a verb is used for a noun).

akaniohmi, y. t., to do; to act; im-
akaniohmi, Josh. 2: 23; itimakaniohmi,
to deal together.

akaniohmichi, v. t., to cause to do; to
cause to be done.

akanli, a., low; humble.

akanli, v. n., to be low; v. t., to humble;
to lower.

akanlusechi, akanlusichi, v. t. caus., to
humble; to bring low; to lay low; to
lower; to abase; ileakanlusichi, to hum-
ble himself, Matt. 18: 4; imanukfila
akalunsichi, to depress; to discourage.

akanlusi, a., very low; low down;abased;
low (as tones in music).

akanlusi, v. n., to be very low; to be
low down, Matt. 18, caption of chapter.

akanlusi, adv., low.

akanlusi, n., lowness.

akanlusichi, n., a humbler.

akanta, pp., pressed.

akantalechi, v. t., to press together; to
press; itakantalechi, v. t., to press to-
gether.

akantali, v. a. i., to press, Mark 5: 31;
itukantali, Mark 2: 4.

akantalichi, n., a press.

akaona, see akkaona.

caus., to remove

84559°— Bull, 46—15——5

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

33

akapassaka, n., a cold climate; a cold
region.

akapoa, akopoa (q. v.), v. t., to over-
shadow.

akashofa, n., an erasure; a clean place
or place cleansed.

akasholichi, n., a doorscraper.

akataiya, pp. pl.; patched; alhkata, sing.

akataiya, n. pl., patches, or places
patched; alhkata, sing.

akatah, v. t. pl., to patch; akalli, sing.

akauwi, y. t. sing., to break and bend
down.

akauwichi, v. t. pl., iti shima ya" akau-
wichi; fuli ar akauwichi, they break
switches.

akawa, pp., broken and bent down,
but not broken off (as limbs or twigs).

akalli, akkalli (q. v.), v. t., to mend.

akalli, n., a mender.

akallo, pass. voice, to be made strong or
sure, as akallashke, Matt. 27: 64.

akallo, pp., a., made strong; sealed;
bound to.

akallo, v. a. i., to harden; to grow hard
there.

akallo, n., an establishment.

akallochi, vy. t. caus., to make strong; to
fix; to seal; to make sure, Matt. 27: 66.

akama, v. i., to fall, 1 Sam. 18: 25; 1
Kings 22: 20.

akama, see akama.

akammi, v. t. pl., to stop up; to close
(a book), Luke 4: 20; to shut up,
Matt. 6: 6; to bung; to spike; to shut,
Josh. 2: 7; see akamali, sing; akamoti,
pl., akammi, to close together.

akammi, n., a stopper.

akania, v. n., to be exhausted by; sia-
kania, John 2: 17 [?]; to be absorbed
at; to sponge.

akania, pp., absorbed at; exhausted at;
disappeared at.

Akas, n., August.

akashchukali, v. a. i. sing., to lift the
head; to stand erect.

akashchunoli, v. a. i., to bow down the
head.

akashtala, akishtala, n., the lower end;
the butt end; the bottom; the root (of
a tree), Luke 3: 9.

akat, adv., yes; to be sure; indeed; aye;
from ah, it is, and kat, the definite
article,

34

akchalhpi, hakchalpi, n., ross bark; the
coarse outside bark of atree. [Chalhpi
is the form of this word used by the
Choctaw of Mississippi.—H. 8. H.]

akchihpo, ahchihpo, n., drift; drift-
wood.

akchupilhko, see hakchupilhko.

akeluachechi, v. t. caus., to cause the
heartburn, or flatulency.

akeluachi, vy. n., to have the heartburn,
or flatulence; to belch.

akeluachi, n., the heartburn; flatulency.

akeluachi, a., flatulent.

atki, atke, my father; my sire. Asa
word of respect it is applied to all the
brothers of the father and their male
cousins by the children. This word is
not found without the prefix pronoun;
remoye it and say ki or ke and no idea of
father, etc., remains. a”ki a” ont hohpi-
lahea”, | go and bury my father, Matt.
S27 1-al 26 loro osha 2smlos

akintak, int. of resolution used by those
who are ready to fight, ete.

akishtala, akashtala, n., the root; the
butt end; the lower end, Matt. 3: 10.

akishtala kullit kinaffi, v. t., to sap;
to undermine.

akka, aka, n., the place beneath, below,
or down; the bottom (asof water). aka,
2 Kings 9: et pilatok, the
ground, 2 Sam. 24: 20.

akka, a., down; belonging to the earth;
earthly; earthy.

akka, v. n., to be down; akkachi, akachi,
v. t.; akachit taiyati cha, 2 Sam. 8: 2.

akka, pp., felled; thrown down.

akka, adv., prep., earthly.

akka aya, see akkaya.

akka ia, akkia, y. a. i., to go down;
to sink; to decline; to descend; to lower;
to pitch; to stoop; akia, to go down,
Matt. 11:28.

akka iksho, a., without bottom; fathom-
less.

akka itanowa, v. a. 1., to travel on foot,
Matt. 14: 13.

akka itipatalhpo, n., a ground floor; a
lower floor.

akka itula, akkaitola, aka itula, akki-
tula, v. a. i., to fall down; to precipi-
tate; to fall on the ground, Matt. 10: 29;
akka satula, I fall down; akka chitula,
thou fallest down; akka itonla, akkitonla,

os ke

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 46

nasal form, lying down; akka itoyula,
pro. form, to be lying along; akka
ituyula, to descend, Matt. 7: 27.

akkabata, n., a bat; a ball stick.

akkabitepa, n. pl., to be lying down.

akkabinoli, pl., to sit down, Matt. 13:
48; 15 :35; aka hashuk aiombinoli, Matt.
14: 19.

akkabohi, vy. t., to lay down; to put
down; to deposit; to throw down; to
ground.

akkachunni, akachunni, y. a. i. pl., to
bow the head; to throw the head up
and down.

akkachunochunli, vy. a. i. pl., to wag
or wave the head.

akkachunoli, akachunoli, sing. v. a.
i., to bow the head; to condescend;
to crouch, 2 Sam. 24: 20; imakkachu-
noli, to bow the head to him; to render
obeisance to him; to resign up to him;
akkachunohonli, freq.

akkachunoli, n., a bow; an act of obei-
sance.

akkafehna, a., nethermost; lowest.

akkafohobli, v.t. pl., to spill much or
many.

akkafohopa, pp., spilt; akkafohompa,
nasal form, being spilt.

akkahika, y. a.1.,to stand on the feet;
to travel on foot; akkahinka, nasal form,
to be standing on the feet.

akkahikat atya, v.a. i., to journey on
foot; to travel on foot.

akkahikat a®ya, n., a pedestrian.

akkahoyo, v. t., to search for the bot-
tom; to fathom; to sound.

akkahu®kupa, n., a pad; a foot pad.

akkakaha, vy. a. i. dual, to fall down; to
lie down.

akkakaha, pp., laid down; akkakaiyaha,
pro. form, to be lying down along; lain
down at last.

akkakahat aiasha, v. a. i. pl., to lie
down; a number lying down.

akkakahat ma®ya, v. a. i. pl., implying
that three are lying down or have lain
down; to lie down.

akkakali, v. t., to lay down.

akkakoha, akakoha, y. a. i., to fall
down, Matt. 3: 10; to fall in battle,
Josh. 8: 25.

akkakoha, pp., fallen;
smitten, 1 Sam. 4; 2.

fallen down;

BYINGTON]

akkakoli, akakoli, v. t., to cast down,
Luke 1: 52; to slay; to cut down trees,
Josh. 17: 15, 18.

akkakolichi,v. t. caus., to smite, 1 Sam.
4:31.

akkalusi, aka®lusi (q. v.), a., low.

akkatali, v. t. pl., to spill and scatter
(applied to corn, shot, and like objects).

akkatatapa, pp. sing., spilt; poured
down.

akkatatapa, v.a.i., to spill; to pour out
and scatter.

akkatatabli, vy. t. sing., to spill and scat-
ter; applied to milk, water, or any
single object.

akkalaya, pp. pl., spilt and scattered;
akkatatya, nasal form, being spilt and
scattered.

akkalaya, v. a. i. pl., to spill and scatter;
to pour out; akkatavya, nasal form.

akkalipeli, v. t., to spread down; to lay
down with the face or upper side next
to the ground; to lay bottom side up or
upside down.

akkalipia, v. a. i. sing., to lie down on
the face.

akkalipia, pp., to be down; laid down
on the face or bottom side up.

akkatipkachi, v. a. i. pl., to lie down on
the face; akkatipkaiyachi, pro. form.

akkama, akkama, akama, y. a. i., to
fall down (spoken of living creatures);
to fall; ikakamo, it fell not, Matt. 7: 25;
akama, it fell, Matt. 7: 27.

akkama, akkama, pp., fallen down;
demolished; prostrated; stopped.

akkamololi, vy. a.i., to slink.

akkanowa, v.a.i., to walk; to travel on
foot.

akkanowa, n., a pedestrian.

akkaona, akaona, v. a.i., to go down; to
be abused, Luke 18: 14.

akkapila, ady., downward; downwards.

akkapila, v. t., to cast down; to throw
down; to unhorse; akkasapela, to throw
me down.

akkapushli, n., a stole; a pucker.

akkasiteli, v. t., to undergird.

akkasoli, n., name of a bush which
grows at the edge of water, having a
ball-like fruit. A decoction of the
leaves is a good sudorific.

akkashalachi, n., a scraper.

akkashalallichit liteti, v. t., to drag-
gle.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

39

akkashaloli, v. a. i., to hold the ears
forward (as a horse).

akkatala, v. a. i., to ground; to run
aground.

akkatalla, a., duck-legged.

akkatalla, vy. n., to be duck-legged.

akkaya, akka a®ya, v.a.i., to go on foot,
not on horseback; to travel on foot.

akkachi, v. t., to lower; to bring down;
to demolish; to prostrate; to lay low;
to disburden; to take down (as from a
house); to fell; to raze; to suppress; to
throw; akachi, Josh. 10: 27.

akkachi, n., a throw.

akkalli, akalli, v. t. sing., to patch; to
mend with patches; to botch; to clout;
to cobble; alhkata, pp., isht alhkata, n., a
patch; shulush akkalli, to patch a shoe.

akkalli, n., a patcher.

akkama, see akkama.

akket (from akka and et), down this way,
from above; aket hapihohoyoshke, 12th
hymn, 4th verse, ed. 1844.

akkia, n., a descent; see akka ia.

akkitola, akkaitula (q. v.), to fall down.

akkitula, n., a fall..

akkitula, pp., fallen.

akkoa, akowa, v. a. i., todescend; to go
down; to come down, Matt. 14: 29; to
dismount; to get down; to alight; attat
akowa, ‘‘come down,” Matt. 8: 1; 17:
95) Josh.) 2: 23; 15:18) “Sto heht off,??
Josh 15: 18.

akkoa, akowa, v. t., to dismount.

akkoli, v. t., to mold; to plate over
(as silver or iron); to shape; isht akkoli,
to plate; alhkoha, pp.; isht alhkoha, pp.,
plated.

akma, sign of sub. mood after verbs end-
ing with a; see ak and its compounds.

akmichi, see akmochi.

akmo, hakmo pp., soldered; congealed;
hardened or cold (as tallow); takmo,
soldered together; cemented; closed up.

akmo, v. a. i., to harden; to congeal; to
stiffen.

akmochi, akmichi, v. t., to solder; to
harden; to congeal; to found; to run;
itakmochi, recip. form, to cement to-
gether; to cause to adhere; to close up;
to press the sides of a wound and cause
them to unite; itaakmochi, v. t., to
solder.

akmochi, n., a founder,

36 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

aknatka, vile; bad; worthless. See John
9: 34.

akni, n., the eldest among a family of
children, male or female; in a larger
sense any one of the children who is
older than others of the same family;
the first born, Josh. 17: 1.

aknip, see haknip.

akobafa, n., a breach; the place broken.

akobafa, v. a. i., to break at, or by.

akobafa, pp., broken there, or at.

akocha (seeakucha), and (used in count-
ing); pokoli chakali akocha chakale,
ninety and nine.

akochofa, pp., bent down (as cornstalks
to preserve the ears from the weather
and the birds) ; akushli, pl.

akochofa, v. a.i., to bend down; akushili,
akochulli, pl.; akochoha, pp.

akochuffi, v. t., to break and bend down;
tanchapi a” akochuffi, he bends down the
cornstalk; akushlichi, pl.

akochuffichi, v. t. caus., to cause to
break and bend down.

akohcha, see akucha and kohcha.

akohchawiha, see akuchawtha.

akolas, n., a jar.

akolofa, n., the place where anything
has been cut off, or broken off; a part
left; a stump.

akolofa, y. a. i., to come off at.

akolofa,a., cut off at; severed at; akolonfa,
akolunfa, nasal form, being cut off at.

akoluffi, v. t., to cut off at.

akomachi, vy. a. i., to be sweet; to be
pleasant to the taste.

akomolechi, v. t., to strangle; tostop by
holding something on at the mouth, or
nose; also akamolechi (q. v.).

akomuta, vy. n., to dread; to fondle;
akomunta, nasal form.

akonoli, n., a circle round the sun or
moon; see hashi akonoli.

akopoa, v.t., to overshadow, Matt. 17:5;
orhoshontikachi, later edition; see aka-
pod.

akopulechi; itakopulechi, v. t., to press
together; to close (as the sides of a
wound).

akostinincha hinla, a., perceptible.

akostininchahe keyu, a., inscrutable;
undistinguishable.

akostininchi, y. t., to know, Luke 2: 43;
to be acquainted with; to find out,

[BULL 46

Matt. 6: 3; 7: 20; to discern; to ascer-
tain; to apprehend; to comprehend,
John 1: 5; to see, Matt. 2: 16; to read,
Matt. 16: 8; to perceive, Luke 5: 22;
1 Sam. 3: 8; to prove; to realize; to
recollect; to remember; to under-
stand; to consider, Matt. 7: 3; to
have knowledge of, Matt. 14: 35; hash-
akostinincha chin kak oka, that ye may
know; Matt. 9: 6; also Matt. 12: 7, 15,
25; 15: 12, 16, 17; 17: 13; ilekostininchi,
ileakostininchi, ilakostininchi, ref. form,
to come to himself, to know himself,
Luke 15: 17; to repent, Matt. 13: 15;
16: 12; ikakostinincho, neg. form, not
to know, Josh. 8:14; ikakostinincho,
a., unconscious; undecided; undeter-
mined; uninformed; achukma ikakosti-
nincho, a., uncertain.

akosha, pp. pl., broken down; bent and
broken down; see akochofa.

akosha, v. a. i., to break down; to bend
and break down.

akowa, see akkoa.

akshish, hakshish, n., the sinews; roots;
veins; arteries; a fiber; a nerve; a sinew;
a source; akshish chito, the large sinews,
roots, veins, arteries; the tap root.

akshish, a., sinewy.

akshish a®sha, a., sinewed.

akshish lakna chito, n., columbo [or
calumba] a medicinal plant that grows
in the woods.

akshish laua, a., stringy.

akshish toba, vy. a. i., to root; to take
root.

akshish toba, pp., rooted.

aksho, n., disuse; neglect; desuetude.

aksho, a., pp., neglected; forsaken; dis-
used; obsolete; out of date; exploded;
extinct; invalid; null; quashed; aban-
doned; deserted, like an old, untraveied
road; abolished; annulled; repealed;
vacated; hina aksho, nafohka aksho.

aksho, v. t., to neglect; to disuse.

akshot taha, a., obsolete; done away.

akshucha hinla, a., voidable.

akshuchi, v. t., to abolish; to annul;
to repeal; to disannul; to explode; to
fail; to null; to nullify; to quash; to
vacate; to undo; and, in reference to
closing the time of mourning for the
dead, aiakshuchi, the time of doing so.

akshuchi, n., an abolisher,

BYINGTON]

akshuchi, n., an abolition; a vacation;
nullification.

akshuki!, akshukehih!, oh dear!, said
when cold and suffering.

akshupi!, akshupehih!, oh dear!, said
when burnt.

akta, hakta, conj. or prep., therefore;
as hokat, mih hakta isht alali kat, there-
fore I brought them.

Aktoba, Aktuba, n., October.

akucha, akocha, prep., over; and; used
in counting between 20 and 30, and
30 and 40, ete., and on to 100, Luke
2: 37; 1 Kings 10: 14; to express over
and above or more, as pokoli tuklo
akucha, over 20; akucha is com-
pounded of a, of, from, out of, and
kucha, to go out.

akucha, akohcha, n., a pass; a ford;
a ferry; a crossing place; the place
where anything comes out; an ex-
tract; a landing.

akucha, ady., out of.

akucha, akohcha, v. a. i., to come out
of; to proceed out of, Matt. 15: 18;
Josh. 4: 16, 17, 18, 19; 5:5; akuncha,
nasal form; akoyucha, pro. form.

akucha, pp., taken from; brought out;
extracted.

akuchaka, n., the place of appearing
or coming out, applied to the rising of
the sun; hashi akohchaka, Matt. 2:1, 9.

akuchaweli, v. t. pl., to take out from;
to subtract.

akuchaweli, n., subtraction.

akuchawiha, akohchawiha,
subtracted; taken from.

akuchawiha, v. a.i. pl., to come out of;
akohchawiha, Josh. 8: 16.

akuchechi, vy. t., to take out from, Gen.
2: 22; to cause to come out.

akuchi, v. t., to take out; to out; to oust;
to bring out of; to extract from.

akuhish, n., a jug.

akuncha, adv., out.

akunti, n., growth of vegetables or a
vegetable; a plant.

akushli, pp. of «akochofa,
broken down.

akushlichi, y. t. pl., to bend and break
down; akochuffi, sing.

ala, v. a. i., from ala, to arrive at a place
or point in sight, but not at the place
where the speaker stands.

pp. pl.

bent and

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

37

ala, n., an arrival.

alahki, v. a.i., to lie with the back to
the fire; luak infilammit itola [lying
turned from the fire].

alahkichi, v. t., to make him lie with his
back to the fire, or to lay him, her, or
it with the back to the fire.

alaka, alaka, n. sing., edge; border;
shore; the margin, John 21: 4, 8, 9;
ont alaka, n., the coast; peni alaka,
side of a boat.

alaka ikaiyu, v. i., not going one side,
i. e., costive, a delicate mode of speak-
ing.

alakali, pl., edges.

alakchakali, pl., edges of a field, water,
prairies, or woods.

alakna, vy. a. i., to ripen; to turn yellow;
to rust; to be ripe.

alakna, a., ripe; yellow; rusty.

alakna, pp., ripened; rusted; turned yel-
low.

alaknabi, v.t., to rust; to kill with rust
(as grain).

alaknachi, v. t., to ripen; to rust.

alaknat ia, v. a. i., to begin to ripen.

alaksha, n., a hothouse.

alatichi, a., cunning; sly.

alama, pp., silenced; prevented; forbid-
den; see alammi.

alapalechi, v. t., to place at the side or
ou the side of something; to cause to
adhere to the side; to give boot; to give
interest; to charge interest.

alapali, v. a. i., to adhere to; to stick to
the side; to be on the side; to cleave to.

alapali, n., the margin.

alapalika, n., the side.

alapanli, nasal form, being placed at the
side.

alapanli, n., boot; interest.

alata, n., a lining; a facing; 4 covering;
nishkin alata, spectacles.

alata, pp., a., lined; faced; sided; italata,
pp., lined together or laid together, as
two leaves in a book, side by side; it-
alanta, italantat kaha, italatat kaha,
Luke 19: 44; italatkachi, to lie like
pieces of slate.

alata, v.a.i., to set; to incubate; to nes-
tle; to sit.

alata, n., a sitting.

alatali, vy. t., to line; to put on a lining;
to ceil; to lap; to put on a facing; to
face; to sheathe.

38

alatkachi, v. a. i. pl., to lie on the side
(as a facing or lining); italatkachi, pl.,
to lie side by side (as several leaves in
a book).

alauechi, v. t., to be equal to; to be ade-
quate; neg., ikalauecho, Josh. 8: 15.

alaui, v. n., to be equal; to be adequate;
isht ikalauo, Luke 3: 16.

alalli, see lallichi; italallit boti, to pack
(as meat).

alallichi, v. t., to harden by pounding,
as wak hakshup alallichi; n., a lapstone.

alammi, alami (see olabbi), v. t., to for-
bid; to prevent; to take from, applied
to the taking of a man’s wife from him
by her relations (ohoyo han imolabit
atishi) ; imalammi, to prevent him; to
rebuke, Matt. 17: 18.

alammichi, alamichi, v. t., to silence;
to prevent; to forbid, Luke, 6: 29; im-
alamminchi, to rebuke him, Matt. 16:22.

alashpaka, n., a warm climate; a warm
region.

alatkachi, a., lined, or laid on in several
thicknesses.

ale, exclamation, to halloo (used in call-
ing another person); bulloa or holla.

aleli, v. t., to weed; to plow among corn or
other vegetables the first time; Jeli is
to weed; the a prefixed probably de-
notes the place where.

aleli, n., a weeder; one that weeds or
frees from anything noxious.

ali, alleh, exclamation, uttered by child-
ren when in pain; oh dear.

alia, pp., weeded, or the place weeded.

alikchi, allikchi, n., a doctor; a phy-
sician, Matt. 9: 12; an Indian doctor.

alikchi, vy. t., to doctor; to practice as a
physician; to administer medicine; to
attend to the sick, as a physician; im-
alikchi, vy. t., to doctor him. One mode
of treating the rheumatism is thus de-
scribed: The patient shuts himself up
in a hot house, strips himself naked,
makes a fire, and lies there and sweats
freely. He then takes a fragment of a
bottle and scarifies himself. After this
he goes to a creek and bathes and
anoints his body with oil.

alikchi ilahobi, n., a quack; an empiric.

alikti, v. a. i., to spring up, to grow.

alikti, pp., a., grown up.

alikti, n., the growth; the young growth.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

aliktichi, v. t., caus., to cause it to grow.

aliktichi, n., young birds just fledged or
feathering; a pin feather.

allalluak, see alolua.

almuk, n., the almug tree, 1 Kings, 10:
iB a 8

aloah, see alua.

alohbi, allohbi, a., sultry; hot; warm,
still, and without wind.

alohbi, v. n., to besultry, hot, warm and
still and without wind.

alohbi, n., the heat; warmth; sultriness.

alokoli, n., a cluster; a collection; chuka
alokoli.

alolua, v. a. i. pl., to fill up; v. n., to be
full; alota, sing.

alolua, allolua, allalluak, a., pl., full.

alolua, pp., filled.

alolua, n., fullness.

alotichi, v. t., to cause to be sultry, hot,
or warm.

aloshuma, v. n., to be finished off at.

aloshuma, n., the place where it is fin-
ished.

aloshuma, pp., finished off at.

aloshummi, y. t., to finish off at.

alota, v. a. i., sing., to fill up; it fills up;
allota, less than alota; a diminutive of
alota; vy. a. i., to fill up slowly.

alota, v. n., to be full. .

alota, a., full; big, Luke 5: 7; fraught;
high; replete; Matt. 14: 20; 15: 37; alota-
ma, ‘‘when it was full,’’ Matt. 13: 48.

alota, pp., filled; crowded; stuffed.

alota, n., fullness; a fill; plenitude.

alotoli, alotuli, sing. and pl., to fill,
John 2:7; to replenish; to stuff; to fill
to the brim; full banks, Josh. 9: 13.

alotowa, alotoa, a. sing. and pl., pas-
sive and intransitive, very full; brim-
ful; alota, simple form.

alotowa, vy. a. 1., intensive form, to fill
up, Gen. 1: 28.

alotowa, v. n., to be full, Matt. 6: 22.

alotowa, pp., to be filled to the brim,
Luke 1: 15.

alotowa, n., fullness; abundance; chu”-
kash a” alotowakmako”, Matt. 12: 34.

alta, n., an altar, 2 Sam. 24: 18, 21.

alua, n., a burn; a place burnt; a scald.

alua, aloah, a., pp., a burnt place; v. a.
i., to burn at, or on; to burn there, as
it burns there.

aluachi, v. t., to burn; to consume; isht
aluachi, to burn with, Luke 3: 17.

BYINGTON]

aluhmi, v. t., to hide at or in; to conceal;
to secrete.

aluhmi, vy. a.i., to hide; to lie concealed;
kohchi aluhmi, to hide in a thicket.

alukoli, see /ukoli.

alulli, v. t. pl., to fill, Gen. 44: 1.

aluma, pp., hid or hidden at.

aluma, n., a hiding place; a place of
concealment; concealment; a lurking
place; obscureness; obscurity; a recess.

alumatka, n., a secret; a secret place.

alumpoa, pp. pl., hid or hidden at; cf.
aluma.

alumpoa, n. pl., secret places; hiding
places.

alusa, n.,a black place; a place made
black; black.

alusachi, v. t., to blacken; to make black.

alusachi, a., dark colored.

alusachi, vy. n., to be dark colored.

atabocha, n., a vessel for boiling food
in; a pot; a boiler.

atacha, v. n., to fit in; to fill up; to
stand in; to fit in, asa stick of timber
is fitted for another; alachaya, pro.
form; atlachkachi, pass. pl.

alachahachi, y. t. pl., to set them in.

alachali, v. t. sing., to set a stick in.

alatfa, n., a trace; a line; a mark.

alaka, n., the midriff; the diaphragm.

alakofahe keyu, a., inevitable; incur-
able.

alakofi, v. a. i., to escape at; to escape
from; to heal; to recover from.

atakofi, n., a refuge; a place of escape;
deliverance; salvation; a remedy; isht
atakofahe, Luke 4: 18.

alakofi, n., a refugee.

alakofi, pass., healed; rescued; saved.

alakofichi, vy. t. caus., to heal; to save;
to rescue from.

alakofichi, n., a deliverer.

alanta, pass. nasal form of following, be-
ing mixed, as uksakatanta.

alatali, v. t., to mix; alantali, nasal form.

alachaya, vy. i., pro. form, from atacha (q.
v.), to stand in; to fit in; to fill, Jer.
23:24.

alachkachi, y. n. pl., to fit in; to fill up,
as to fit a tenon for the mortise.

alechi, y. t., to destroy; isht imatechi, his
destruction, 2 Chron. 22: 4.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

39

aleka, n., misery or distress brought on
one by his own misconduct; danger;
Matt. 5: 21, 22; 10: 15; 11: 22, 24.

aleka, a., distressed.

aleka, y. n., to be in distress, as im-
ateka fehna, he is in great misery; im-
aleka, to suffer pain from his own mis-
conduct; atekachi, v. t., as imatekachi;
atekachechi, v. t. caus., as in imateka-
chechi.

aleli, v. t., to scuffle; towa ya” itimateli,
they scuffle with each other for the
ball.

aleli, n., a scuffler.

atelichi, v. a., to roll up the sleeves,
etc., above the elbows, and the panta-
loons above the knees; afiha, pass.,
rolled up.

alepa,n.,adrum; afiddle; acommondrum
or fiddle; a harp; astringed instrument
of music; a lyre; an organ; a tabor.

alepa boli, v. t., to drum; to beat the
drum; to play on the drum.

alepa boli, n., a drummer.

alepa chito, n., a large drum; a bass
viol; a drum; a viol.

alepa chito boli, v. t., to drum; to beat
the big drum.

alepa chito boli, n., a drummer.

alepa chito isht boli, n., a drumstick.

alepa chito isht olachi, n., the bow
used in playing on the bass viol.

alepa chito olachi, vy. t., to play on
the bass viol.

atepa chito olachi, n., one that plays |
on the bass viol.

alepa olachi, v. t., to play on the
fiddle or violin; to fiddle; to drum; to
harp.

alepola, n., a march; a particular beat
of the drum; the music of the drum.

alepolachi, n., a fiddler; a harper.

atepush ikbi, n., a fiddle maker.

atepush olachi, n., a fiddler; fiddling.

atepushi, n., a diminutive, a fiddle or
violin smaller than the alepa; a hand
organ.

alepushi isht olachi, n., a fiddlestick;
a fiddle bow.

alepushi isht talakchi, n., a fiddle-
string.

alepushi olachi, y. t., to fiddle; to play
on the violin.

40

ath, from aii, limit, etc.; being the end
of it.

atti, a., true; faithful; correct; pure (1 K.
10: 21); fair; upright; just; certain; hon-
est; valid; virgin (as virgin gold); great
in thesense of real; (aia”ti, Matt. 7: 27);
intrinsic; immaculate; legitimate; nice;
open; proper; right; sheer; simple;
sincere; single; solid; sound; stable;
straight; strict; sure; trusty; unaffected ;
undoubted; unfeigned; unmingled;
real; genuine; authentic; accurate; sure
(during the age of an adult); conscien-
tious; cordial; effectual; equitable;
frank; good; nakni tashka atti, n., an
able-bodied man or warrior; neg. form
ikanto, a., uncandid; unjust; unsound;
unstable; vain; unhandsome; false; not
true; untrue; faithless; dishonest; erro-
neous; fallacious; groundless; hollow-
hearted; inaccurate; incorrect; indirect;
ineffectual; insincere; perfidious; spuri-
ous; treacherous; unfair; unfaithful;
ikanto kawa a., undesirable; not to be
desired. ikatlo achahe keyu, undenia-
ble; he can not say it is false; imati,
true of him; true to him; true for him;
ikimato, a., not true of him (i. e., the
accusation); innocent.

atti, n., truth; equity; execution; a fact;
fairness; faithfulness; integrity; open-
ness; right; simplicity; sincerity; single-
ness; trueness; verity; virtue; ika”lo, n.,
a falsehood; an untruth; hollowness;
treachery; vanity.

atti, v. n., to be true, faithful, honest,
etc., Matt. 17: 25; arti makon, that is
true, or true that is, Matt. 6: 2,5; 8: 10;
13:17; aiavti, pro., Luke 16: 11, to be
fulfilled, Matt. 1: 23; 2: 15; ont aianti-
tok makoke, was fulfilled, Matt. 12: 21;
be established, Matt. 18: 16; ikanlo
achi v. a. i., to say it is false; to deny;
to contradict; to gainsay. antlishke, a
sentence; it is true. See John 3: 3, 5,
11; shke is a particle of affirmation in
the definite present tense. Verbs neu-
ter may be rendered as sentences by
adding shke to them (as kalloshke, it is
strong), and without this appendage
merely by accenting the last syllable,
as anti’, it is true; hallo’, it is strong.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

atli, pass., authenticated; attested; estab-
lished; verified; fulfilled; Matt. 2: 17;
Heakse

ath, ady., truly; certainly; really; faith-
fully; heartily; nicely; richly; rightly;
sincerely; strictly; surely; verily; ika%o,
ady., falsely; untruly.

athi, v. a. i., to act truly; to be true; to
hold; to prove; isha™li, you act truly;
avtili, I act truly.

ath achit anoli, v. a. i., to affirm; to
testify; lit., to speak and tell truly.

atli achit miha, vy. t., to assert; to
avouch; to say and speak truly.

ath fehna achit miha, to allege; to
say and speak very truly.

anti ho®, adv., verily, Matt. 18: 3.

atti mako®, ady., verily, Matt. 8: 10;
Matt. 102155235 1esals7 John ouess
anti mako” chimachilishke, verily I say
unto thee; aia”ti mako” chimachilishke,
in truth, to thee I do say, Luke 23: 43,

alia, v. t., to commit whoredom, i. e.,
for a plurality of men to humble one
woman. See Judg. 19: 25.

attichi, v. t. caus., to make true; to es-
tablish the truth; to fulfill a promise;
to attest; to ratify; to assure; to authen-
ticate; to establish; to evidence; to
evince; to execute; to prove; to
strengthen; to verify; to warrant. Matt.
3: 15.

alifa, h™fa, pass. sing., stripped off.

alitfa, v. a. i., to come off.

ahfachi, v. t. caus., to tie a running knot
‘or noose.

alitffi, v. t., to strip off.

alitfichi, v. t. caus., to tie with a noose;
to tie a running noose.

alitkachechi, v. t. caus., to strip off.

ali" kachi, pass. pl. of ati”fa, stripped off.

alikachi, vy. a. i. pl., to come off.

alioa, hoa, v. t. pl., to take the track and
follow, to pursue. See Zioli.

alioli, v. t., to pursue.

alipa, v. n., to lie on the face; atipat
ishko, to lie down and drink; atipia,
pro. form.

alipo, n., covering of a camp; roof of a
little shed.

athit, adv., surely; truly; with truth; in
truth. When the letter ¢ is suffixed to
a word it is connected with the next

BYINGTON]

following word and often qualifies it if
verb, as adverbs do.

athit achi, v. a.i., to speak truly; or, to
true and speak; or, he trues and speaks.

aliyuha, vy. a. i., to pursue, Josh. 8: 16;
neg. ikatiyuho, Josh. 8: 17.

alohbi, a., warm; hot.

atohbi, v. n., to be warm or hot; sialohbi,
Jam warm.

alohbi, pass., heated; burnt; warmed;
tanchi at atohbi, the corn is burnt.

alohbichi, y. t. caus., to warm; to heat.

alopoli, n. pl., fords, passes.

alopoli, vy. a. i. pl., to pass through at.

alopolichi, vy. t. caus., to take through.

alopulli, n. sing., a ford; a pass; a ferry;
a crossing.

alopulli, y. a. i., to pass through at.

atopullichi, vy. t. caus., to take through
at.

alopullichi, n., one that conducts through
at.

alukafa, n., a perforation.

alukah, n. pl., perforations; or pp., per-
forated at.

alumpa, n., a perforation; place pierced;
a puncture.

am, a prefixed pronoun; of the same
meaning as a”, an, and am; I, as
amponna, | am skilled, I know; ama-
hoba, I reckon, I presume, or it seems
to me; me in the objective or dative
case, as ampota, to lend to me; am is
usually found before words beginning
with pand b; am before vowels, amis-
suba; amia; go for me and sam after 2d
person sing., and plural, issamithana,
thou knowest me; hassamithana, ye
know me.

ama; see kama, Acts, 24: 11 [?].

amakali, a., graceful.

amakali, v. n., to be graceful.

amakalichi, vy. t., to render graceful.

amalhi, vy. a. i., to turn there, on, or over.

amatichi, n., a floor or place for win-
nowing grain, Luke 3: 17.

amatichi, y. t., to winnow there, at, or
by; to fan.

amashlichi, vy. t., to fan.

amashlichi, n., a fan;a fanner.

amba, conj., but, John 1: 12; however;
unless; amba is the nasal form of aha,
and is derived from aba, being above
or out of; or from a”, and ba, an ad-

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

4]

verb meaning really [merely]; amba,
but, Matt. 6: 33; 18: 16; amba na holis-
sochi, and, Matt. 7: 29; 10: 30; amba
yammak okato, Matt. 13: 11, 48.

amia; Chihowa at amia tuchina, Hymn
Book, page 206. II.

amih, see mih.

amih achafa, a., one; the same; tuchina
iknanakia amih achafa hoke, 1 John
oe valle

amiha, n., asaying; a maxim; a remark;
a subject of conversation.

amihachi, v. t., to accuse, Matt. 27: 12.

amitko, v. t., to reign, Luke 19: 15.

amilofa, n., a place which is filed; or,
pp., filed there.

aminti, n., source; origin; the place
whence anything comes; a fountain;
a germ; the spring.

aminti, v. a. i., to come from.

amisho"fa, sing. v. a. i., to rub on or
against.

amisho®fa, pp., a., rubbed.

amishoff, y. t. sing., to rub against.

amishoha, pp. pl., rubbed.

amishohachi, vy. t. pl., to rub against.

amishokachi, n., a rub.

ami®shokachi, amoshokachi, ami-
shokachi, vy. a. i. pl., to rub; it rubs
against.

amisholichi, v. t., to rub.

amisholichi, n., a rubber.

amo, art., the; the one which; the said;
it is used in the nom. and obj. cases,
Josh. 6: 22; amo, hamo, yamo, kamo,
kamo, chamo may be classed with ad-
verbs of past time, Matt. 22:8; in nom.
case, John 21: 21.

amochonli, vy. t., to wink at.

amohsholechi, y. t. caus., to precipi-
tate; to drive forward.

amokafa, v. t., to attack; to run upon,
Luke 14: 31; to meet in battle, Matt.
2437.

amokafi, v. a., to rise; itamokafi, Matt.
24: 7; Luke 14: 31.

amona, ammona, hammona, adv. or
n., the first; the beginning, amona yan,
at first, John 1: 1.

amoshokachi, see aminshokachi.

amosholi, a., greedy; precipitous; reso-
lute.

amosholi, see amoshuli.

amoshuli, amohsholi, y. t., v. a. i., to

42

run on; to venture on; to precipitate;
to have courage, Josh. 1: 6, 7; to per-
severe, Josh. 10: 25; to rush; to venture.

amoshuli, n., precipitancy; prowess; a
rush; an onset.

ampa, nasal form from gpa, eating, to be
eating; to eat meat, bread, and potatoes,
dipped in gravy; ahampa, freq., to keep
eating; to be often eating.

ampatoba, n., a pottery.

amphata, n., a plate; a pan; pottery;
crockery.

amphata chito, n., a platter;
charger,’’ Matt. 14: 8, 11.

ampi, n., an ear (as tanch ampi, an ear of
corn).

ampkoa, n., a potsherd; a piece or
fragment of a broken pot; a piece of a
broken earthen vessel; Job. 2: 8; a
broken bowl; a piece of broken crock-
ery; ampkokoa, pl.

ampmahaia, ampmaiha, n., a griddle;
a broad, shallow pan for baking cakes.

ampmahaia apalaska, n., a griddle.

ampmalaha, n., a dish.

ampmalaspoa, n. pl., plates; platters.

ampmalaswa, n. pl., plates.

ampmalassa, n., a plate.

ampmalha, n., a dish.

ampo, n., a bowl; a pan; crockery;
earthenware; pottery; a vessel.

ampo aiachefa, ampo aiokami, n., a
wash bowl.

ampo atala, n., acrockery shelf; a shelf
for bowls.

ampo chito, n., a large bowl; a large
dish.

ampo ikbi, ampo tana, n., a potter.

ampo mahaia, n., a pan, 2 Sam. 15:9.

amppatassa, n., a large plate.

ampushi, n., a small bowl.

an, pro. pre. ‘‘my’”’ used in this form be-
forea noun which begins with ch, /, or
t, as anchuka, my house; antashka, my
warrior; anluak, my fire; anchitokaka,
my Lord, Luke 1: 43; before a verb, an
adjective, and other parts of speech
which begin with ch, /, or t, an means
to me, of me, for me, etc; a preposi-
tion is understood. Before some words
an is written a, and before others am,
and sometimes am. Before nouns it
is parsed with the nouns. Before
verbs, etc., it is generally in the da-

Cure)

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

tive case—sometimes rendered as in
the nom. case, as a”hollo, dear to me,
or, I love it, and the like; sa” or san oc-
curs after the 2d person, and plural of
the active pronouns; issa®, issan, hassan,
hassan.

anakfi, n., my brother, an appellation
used only by females, Josh. 2: 13; chi-
nakfi, thy brother, addressed to a fe-
male; i”nakjfi, her brother.

anaktopulli, v. a. i., to pass through; to
prevail.

anaksi, n., the side.

anaksi, y. a. i., to turn the side.

anaksika, n., the side; outside.

anaksika, vy. a. i., to go to the side.

anaksi®ka, nasal form, going to one side.

anaksikachi, v. t. caus., to put to one

side; to thrust into a corner.
anaksho®fa, y. a. i., to scorch; to parch.

anaksho®fa, anukshu®fa, pp. sing.,
singed; scorched; burnt.

anaksho®fa, vy. n., to be singed; to be
parched; ikanakshufo, a., unscorched.

anaksho®ffi, vy. t. sing., to singe; to burn;
to parch; to parch up; to toast.

anaksholi, v. t. pl., to singe; to scorch; to
burn; to parch up; to toast.

anaksholi, n., a singer; one who singes.

anakshua, anakshoha, pp. pl., singed;
scorched; burnt; parched; toasted; ik-
anaksho, a., unscorched.

anakshua, v. a. i., to scorch; to parch.

anakshua, v. n., to be singed; to be
burnt; to be scorched, Matt. 13: 6.

anaktibafa, pp. sing., glanced.

anaktibafa, v.a.1., to glance; it glances.

anaktibaloa, pp. pl., glanced.

anaktibaloa, vy. a. i. pl., to glance; it
glances.

anaktibaloh, y. t. pl., to make or cause
to glance; anaktibalotichi, causative.

anaktibaffi, v. t. sing., to glance; to cause
to glance; to stumble.

anaktiballi, v. t. pl., to make them
glance; to stumble.

anaktiballichi, v. t. caus., to cause them
to glance.

anaktiboa, pp. pl., glanced.

anaktiboa, v. a. i., to glance.

anala, anata, unala, pp., nailed on.

anala, n., a wound.

anali, y. t. sing., to nail; to nail on; to
fasten with a nail; to wound; ahonati,
pl. (q. v.).

BYINGTON]

anatichi, v. t. caus., tonail on; to nail to;
to fasten with a nail; ahonatichi, pl.
(q. v.); ahonata, pp.

anchaha, pp., a., painted; color laid on
the face.

anchali, v. a. i., to paint; to lay colorson
the face; to rouge, 2 Kings 9: 30.

anchali, n., a painter.

anchatichi, v. t., to paint another; to lay
colors on the face of another; to rouge.

anchi, n., a cloak; a mantle; a robe; a
shawl; a blanket; clothes; a coverlet;
a scarf; a stole; raiment, Matt. 3:4; a
garment, Matt. 9:16; imanchi, his gar-
ment, Matt. 14: 36; his raiment, Matt.
G2.

anchi, vy. a. i., to put a cloak, etc., on
one’s self; to cloak; to robe.

anchi, pp., robed; see Mark 14: 51, nipi
bano hosh linen anchi.

anchi holitopa, n., a pall.

anchichechi, y. t., to robe another per-
son; to put a cloak and the like on to
another person; to robe.

anchichi, v. t., to put a cloak, etc., on
another person; to blanket another;
to mantle; to robe another.

ani, v. t., from ani, to pour in; anilish, I
pour in, ete. (sh has the force of a conj. ).

anihechi, anihichi, n., a threshing floor
or threshing place, 2 Sam. 24: 16,
18521:

aninchi, y. t., to respect; see ahnichi.

aninchichechi, yv. t., to cause to suppu-
rate; to cause to maturate; to promote
suppuration.

aninchichi, y.a.i., to suppurate; to mat-
urate; to become ripe; to fester; to
gather pus; to matter; to rankle.

aninchichi, n., matter; pus; suppuration;
corruption.

aninchichi, a., mature; ripe.

anita"ki, n., light, Luke 16: 8.

annumpa, see anumpa.

ano, ano, art., the obj. case of ato, or ato.
Sometimes the article in this case is
written hano, and yano, for euphony’s
sake.

ano, ano, rel. pro. in the obj. case, used
after adj. and verb, subj. ato; the which;
the one which; that which; see a”.
It differs from a rel. pro. It appears

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

43

to be used to give more distinction of
object and is more sonorous and ap-
pears often in solemn style; ano, hano,
yano, kano are often heard in the speech
of a Choctaw orator. The last syllable
is accented.

anoa, annoa, annoa, annowa, pp., de-
clared; described; designated; detailed;
enunciated; famed; stated, Matt. 9: 26;
told; related; reported; proclaimed;
noised abroad, Luke 1: 65; rumored;
informed; posted; mentioned; narrated;
noised; published; reported; revealed;
ikannoo, a., unpublished; untold; ano-
hotwa, pp. freq., often told; imanoa,
pp-, warned; notified; bidden; tkiman-
noo, a., unbidden; uncalled; uncom-
manded; undirected; uninvited.

anoa tapa, a., ineffable.

anoa, annoa, anowa, n., a narration; a
report; a rumor; fame, Josh. 9: 9; in-
formation; imanoa, a citation; a rela-
tion; renown; tidings, 1 Sam. 4: 19; isht
annoa, fame of, Matt. 4: 24; annohorwa,
fame, Matt. 14: 1; see below.

anoa, annowa, annoa, a.,
noted; notable; illustrious;
Matt. 10: 26.

anoa, annowa, v. n., to be famous; to be
noted; to be well known; annohorwa,
freq., to be often told, Matt. 14: 1.

anoa, adv., again; once more.

anoachi, annoachi, vy. t. caus., to pro-
claim; to tell; to cause to be told; to
promulgate; to promulge; to post;
annowachi, Matt. 9: 31.

anoachi, n.,a proclaimer; a promulgator.

anoli, v. t., v. a. i., to tell; to relate; to
narrate; to publish; to declare; to re-
hearse; and to convey (news); to carry
intelligence; to describe; to designate;
to detail; to direct; to disclose; to di-
vulge; to draw; to enunciate; to in-
form; to mention; to noise; to notify;
to open; to preach; to predicate; to
proclaim; to project; to promulgate;
to promulge; to recite; to recount; to
repeat; to report; to represent; to re-
turn; to reveal; to rumor; to show; to
signify; to speak, Matt. 10: 27; to spec-
ify; to state; tostory; to suggest; to
tell; to touch; to unfold; to utter; to
vent; to witness; imanoli, Josh. 2: 2;

famous;
known,

44 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL: 46

Matt. 2: 8; 14: 12; annonli, nasal form,
anont, contracted; anontia, to go and
tell or gone to tell; anohonli, freq., to
say; to reiterate; issamanoli, tell me;
Josh. 7:19; anoyuoli, pro. form;imanoli,
y. t., to tell him; to cite him; to warn
him; to summon him; isht anoli, to tell
about; to narrate concerning; pit anolli,
to send word yonder or that way; et
anoli, to send word here or this way;
nan anoli, v. t., to blab; to tattle; isht
ilanoli, Matt. 12: 36; itanoli, to confess;
to acknowledge; to own; to speak of
himself, John 1: 22; to render, Matt. 3:
6; ilimanoli, Josh. 7: 19; ilanoh, n., a
confession; a concession; ilanoli, n., a
confessor; itimanoli, to tell each other;
anolahe keyu, a., unutterable; i/anolahe
keyu, to disown; he will not confess;
nan anoli, v. t., to tattle.

anoli, n., a teller; a relator; a narrator;
anadvertiser; a declarer; adirector; an
informer; an informant; a promul-
gator; a rehearser; a reporter; a repre-
sentative; a story teller.

anoli, n., a murmur; a narration; a nar-
rative; a publication; a recital; a rela-
tion.

anompisachi, anumpisachi, v. t., to
take aim; tolevel. This is probably a
compound word from a there, o” on it,
pisachi, to take sight.

anonowa achukma keyu, a., unpopular.

anonti, adv., again; once more; asecond
time; further; and, Matt. 12: 25; 11: 4;
17: 4; ‘‘again,’’ Matt. 13: 44, 46;
anonti, Mark 11: 27; Matt. 2:8; 5: 33;
conj. ‘‘and,’’ Matt. 7: 22.

anonti, exclam. of surprise and regret.

anopoli, v. t., v. a. i., to speak; to talk;
Luke 2: 33. This form of the word is
rare; anumpuli is the most usual form
(anya):

anowa, v. a.i., to wade; anowat topulli,
v. t., to wade through.

anowa, pp., trodden, traveled; ikanowo,
a., untraveled, untrodden.

anowa, verbal, from a and nowa, a path;
an alley; an avenue; a walk; a track;
asmall path; a footstep; a mall; a trace.

anowa, conj., similar to anonti, ‘‘used by
the late Col. D. Folsom.”’

anowa, n., fame; or anoa, (q. V.).

ant, a ‘‘directive particle’ indicating

the direction of an action toward the
speaker and usually rendered by
““come.’’? It is perhaps derived from
ala, tocome. It is used with verbs of
motion, generally prefixed, and does
not occur alone. See aryat alat ant akim,
John 15: 22; okla ant, etc., Matt. 4: 11;
Luke 5:7; ant pesa, come and see; ant
aiokpachi, Matt. 8: 2; ant chumpa, come
and buy; ant ia, come and go, i. e.,
come on by. It is the opposite of
ont (q. v.); ont may be contracted
from ona, to go to; ant ia, to come
by; to come past; to come on; ont
ia, to go by; ant apat tali tok, came
and devoured them up, Matt. 13: 4;
peni a” ant athtoma, when they were
come into the ship; ant itimanumpuli,
Matt. 17: 3; ahanta, Matt. 13: 45, to be
engaged in, Josh. 1: 5.

anta, antta, nasal form, of aita, to re-

side; to sojourn; to while.

anta, v. a. i., tostay; to reside; toabide;

to live; to dwell; to inhabit; to rest; to
tarry, Luke 2: 48; to remain; to har-
bor; to last (as a living creature); to
lodge; to tabernacle; isht anta, v. t.,
to be busy about, etc.; to attend to,
Matt. 4: 11; to wait on; to ply; to wait;
to wage. This word anta is often used
to supply the want of the verb
to be, Matt 12: 6; ianta, refl., to re-
tire; to reside alone; ilanta, pp., re-
tired; ahanta, freq. form; ibaianta,
to stay with; to cohabit; itibaianta,
to stay together with; ikanta ahni, v. t.,
to harbor; to wish him to remain; ik-
anto, a., unsettled; aianta, intensive
form of anta, v. t., to occupy; to stay
at; aiahanta, Matt. 6:6; see mitko
aiahanta, Matt. 2: 1.

anta, n., a stay.
antek, my sister; Matt. 12: 50. An ap-

pellative proper only for a brother to
use to his sister or concerning his sister.
When anakfi is proper for a woman in
speaking to or of a brother, this is
proper for a man in speaking to or of
his sister; chintek, thy sister; intek,
his sister.

antia, v. t., to obey; to conform; as im-

antia, to obey; from atia (q. v.); antia,

BYINGTON]

the nasal form, is most used; ikimantio,
y. t., to disobey him; tkimantio, a.,
disobedient; unduteous; undutiful.

antta, see anta.

anu®ka, a., inner; interior.

anutka, prep., within; in; osapa anu®ka,
in a field, Matt. 13: 44.

anutka, y.n.,to be within; to be inside.

anutka, n., the inside.

anu®ka alata, n., a lining.

anu®ka hanta, n., same as aboha hanta,
a white house; a senate house; state
house; house of peace and friendship.

anutka lashpa, n., a hot house; the
winter house or sleeping room of the
ancient Choctaw.

anu"kaka, n., the space or place within;
the interior; the inside; the bowels, as
sinakak anutkaka, Matt. 6: 2; aboha kallo
anutkaka ya", in the prison; yakni
anutkaka, the bowels of the earth;
chutkash anutkaka, in the heart; the
inside of the heart; recesses of the heart,
Mark 2: 6,8; anu"kaka yokato, Matt. 7:
1514s Oss Josh. 2.19772 21k

anutkaka, a., internal; intestine; in-
trinsic; intrinsical; inward.

anutkaka, ady., prep., within.

anutkaka fehna, a., inmost; aboha
anutkaka fehna ka, 2 Kings 9: 2.

anukatka iklanna, a., inner.

anu"kaka pisa, n., insight.

anukba?kchi, n., the tenderloin.

anukbata, a., raging; mad.

anukbata, vy. a. i., to rage; to rave.

anukbata, n., rage; madness.

anukbatachi, y. t., to enrage; to cause
a raging.

anukbiafe, pass. sing., anukbia, pl.,
peeled off; uski anukbia, kumshak anuk-
bia, knives of cane bark peeled off.

anukbiaffi, v. t. sing., to peel off the
bark of hickory or cane, etc., in strips;
anukbieli, pl.; anukbiafa, pass. sing.

anukbikeli, v. n., to press or hang in
the throat; or lie hard in the stomach,
as food that adheres to the throat, or
distresses the stomach.

anukbikeli, n., a stoppage; an obstruc-
tion in the throat.

anukbikelichi, y. t. caus., to cause a
pressure or stoppage in the throat, or
to cause food to lie hard in the stomach.

anukchaha, a., envious; ill natured.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

45

anukchaha, y.n., to be envious; to be
ill natured.

anukchaha, n., envy; ill nature.

anukchahachi, v. t., to cause envy or
ill nature; to provoke.

anukcheta hinla, a., trusty.

anukcheto, v. t., to trust in; to depend
upon; to serve; to wait upon; to con-
fide; to resign; to stay; anukchieto, pro.
form (and one much used), to trust,
Matt. 12: 21; Mark 10: 24; anukchinto,
nasal form, trusting; confiding; to rely;
to repose.

anukcheto, n., a dependent; one who
relies upon another for aid, ete.; inla
anukcheto keyu, a., independent; not
dependent on another.

anukcheto, n., confidence.

anukchilafa, vy. a. i. sing., to prate; to
talk impertinently.

anukchilafa, n., a prater.

anukchilali, n. pl., praters.

anukchilali, y. a. i. pl., to prate.

anukchito, y. a. i., to hesitate; to falter;
anukchinto, nasal form.

anukfila, v. a i.; wimanukfila, to be
minded, Matt. 1: 19.

anukfila, n., thought; usually found with
a prefixed pronoun, as am, chim, im,
pim., ete.; see imanukfila, 1 Tim. 6:
11; Articlesof faith, sec. v.; nan anukfila,
mind, Phil. 2:5; anukfila, pp., consid-
ered.

anukfilema, y. a. i. sing., to turn in-
side out (as the inside comes out);
anukfilemoa, pl.

anukfilema, pp., a., turned inside out;
turned wrong side out.

anukfilema, n., the turning of the in-
side out.

anukfilemoa, v. a. i. pl., to turn in-
side out.

anukfilemoa, pp. pl., turned inside out;
turned wrong side out.

anukfilemoli, v. t. pl., to turn the in-
side out.

anukfilimmi, y. t. pl., to turn inside out.

anukfilli, v. a. i., v. t., to deem; to digest;
to entertain; to hammer; to heed; to
imagine; to invent; to look; to muse; to
ponder; to purpose; toreason; toreckon;
to reflect; to regard; to remark; to
repute; to resolve; to ruminate; to
scheme; to speculate; to study; to view;

46 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

to weigh; to will; to wish; to think;
to consider; to reflect; to judge; to
meditate, Josh. 1: 8; to muse; to de-
liberate; to feel; to cogitate; to conceit;
to conceive; to contemplate; to count
upon; to debate, i. e., to consider; an-
ukfieli, pro. form; isht anukfieli, to muse,
Luke 3: 15; to ruminate; to run; anuk-
jihinli, to think on, Matt. 1: 20; 6: 27;
isht anukfilli, v. t., to think about or
concerning; ilanukjilli, to think within
himself, Luke 16: 3; nan isht ilaianukfi-
hinli, take thought for the things of
itself, the reciprocal pro. applied to
things; ikanukfillo, a., unstudied.

anukfilli, v. t., to think of; chianukjillit
binililishke.

anukfilli, a., thoughtful; wishful; thanuk-
fillo, a., mindless; unfeeling; unmedi-
tated; unstudied; unthinking.

anukfilli, n., meditation; study; think-
ing.

anukfilli, n., a thinker; a considerer; a
contemplator; a speculator.

anukfillit hobachi, v. t., to image; to
imagine.

anukfillit pisa; danuwhk/illit pisa, v. ref.,
to examine one’s self; ilanukfillit pisa,
n., self-examination.

anukfillituk keyu, a., unpremeditated.

anukfohka, v. a. i., to understand; to
know; to remember; to lodge; anuk-
forka, nasal form, hachi anukfokahi oka,
for ye shall know, Matt. 10: 19.

anukfohka, a., pp., enlightened; having
knowledge of; having embraced; anuk-
forka, nasal form; isht anukfoka, en-
lightened by means of, Luke 1: 41 and
67; isht anukfohkat imalotowa, being
filled with, Luke 4: 1.

anukfohka, n., knowledge; understand-
ing; knowledge received and em-
braced.

anukfohkachechi, vy. t., to instruct or
to persuade; to put it into their minds;
iminko ikimantio ka chitka anukfoh-
kachichi, sedition, Luke 23: 25.

anukfohki, y. t., to embrace; to acquire
knowledge (used in regard to those who
embrace the gospel); to believe; ilanuk-
fohki, reflexive.

anukfohkichi, y. t. caus., togive knowl-
edge; to enlighten; to impart knowl-
edge; to impart a believing knowledge

[BULL. 46

of a subject; anukfokinchi, nasal form;
anukfokihinchi, freq.

anukfokichi, n., an enlightener; an in-
structor; one that imparts knowledge.

anukha®klo, n., a place of sorrow; an
occasion of sorrow. ;

anukhammi, v. n., to be in pain; si-
anukhammi, I am in pain; anukhai-
yammi, pro. form.

anukhammi, n., pain.

anukhammi, a., painful.

anukhammichi, y. t., to cause pain.

anukhobela, v. n., to be angry; to be
wroth; sianukhobela, I am enraged;
anukhobiela, pro. form, Matt. 2: 16.

anukhobela, n., fury; madness.

anukhobela, a., furious; mad. .

anukhobela iksho, vy. a. i., to be meek,
or without wrath.

anukhobelachi, v. t., to enrage; to mad-
den; to make mad.

anukkilli, v. a. i., to hate; to bear mal-
ice.

anukkilli, n., hatred.

anuklamampa, y. n., to feel surprise.

anu®klupatka, n., the peelings from the
inside of the intestines in dysentery.

anuktakancha, v. a. i., to take fright;
to fear; to marvel; to start.

anuktakancha, a., pp., frightened;
amazed; surprised; astonished; okla hat
anuktakancha tok, the people were as-
tonished, Matt. 7: 28.

anuktakancha, v. n., to be frightened;
to be amazed, John 3: 7.

anuktakancha, n., fright; amazement.

anuktakashli, vy. t., to frighten; to
amaze; to astound; to astonish; to sur-
prise.

anuklamalli, v. a. i., to strangle; to
choke.

anuktamalli, pp., strangled.

anuklamallichi, v. t., to strangle.

anuktamallichi, n., a strangler; stran-
gulation.

anukti®fa, v. a. i., to run or slip through
a noose.

anukt®fa, pp., drawn through.

anukti"fa, n., a slipping through (per-
haps a noose); a slipknot.

anukh=ffi, v. t., to draw through a
noose or a loop; to make a slipknot.

anuktiffichi, v. t., to cause to draw
through a noose,

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE

anuktiha, pp. pl., drawn through a
noose.

anuktiha, v.a. i. pl., torun through.

anuktilelichi, v. t. pl., to draw a rope
through a noose, as in roping cattle.

anukpalli, v. n., to feel interest; to feel
a temptation; to feel the influence of
an object; sianukpalli, 1 am interested.

anukpalli, a., interested; excited; en-
ticed; tempted.

anukpallichi, v. t., to interest; to ex-
cite the passions; to tempt; to allure.

anukpallichi, n., a tempter.

anukpallika, n., temptation, Matt. 6:
18; Luke 11: 4.

anukpilefa, pp. sing., turned inside out,
~r wrong side out; turned.

anukpiliffi, v. t., to turn; to turn inside
out.

anukpiloa, pp. pl., turned; turned in-
side out.

anukpiloli, v. t. pl., to turn; to turn
inside out.

anukpoali, v. a. i., to feel sick at the
stomach; to nauseate.

anuksita, n., a gallows; a gibbet.

anuksita, v. a. i., to cleave to; to adhere
with attachment; to hang to; anuksitia,
pro. form, and the one most used.

anuksita, n., attachment.

anuksiteli, v. t., to hang by the neck; to
execute by hanging.

anuksiteli, n., a gibbet; a gallows.

anuksitkachi, v. t. pl., to cleave to; to
hang to; see hatak anuksitkachi.

anuksitkachi, n. pl., a hanging to.

anukshomota, v. a. i.; anukshomunta,
nasal form y. n., to be in a rage; to
rage; to be peevish; sianukshomunta, I
am in a rage.

anukshomunta, a., raging; peevish;
fierce; anukshomunta fehna hatukon, be-
ing exceeding fierce, Matt. 8: 28.

anukshomunta, n., rage; peevishness.

anukshu®fa, see anakshu”fa.

anukshumpa, v. a. i., to wish for more
food or instruction, not having had
enough.—P. Fisk.

anuktapa, vy. n., to be greedy; to be in-
satiable.

anuktapa, a., greedy; insatiable.

anuktapli, anuktabli, v. a. i. pl., to go
to excess.

47

anuktaptua, v.n., to be insatiable; to be
greedy.

anuktaptua, a., pp., insatiable; greedy.

anuktaptuli, v. t. pl., to go to excess.

anuktiboha, anuktoboha, v. n., to be
roiled, agitated, or disturbed, as roily
water or water boiling up in a spring.

anuktobulli, v. a. i., to boil up; to rise
up, as water in a spring.

anuktobullichi, vy. t., to cause to boil up.

anuktuklichi, anuktuklochi, vy. t., to
hamper; to embarrass.

anuktuklo, n., a hesitation; an impedi-
ment; suspense. ;

anuktuklo, y. n., to be at a loss; to be
in doubt; to doubt, Matt. 14: 31.

anuktuklo, v. a. i., to hesitate; to doubt;
to stammer.

anuktuklo, a., pp., embarrassed, ikanwk-
tuklo, a., pp., unembarrassed.

anuktuklo iksho, a., unhesitating.

anuktuklochechi, vy. t., to embarrass.

anuktuklochi, y. t., to embarrass; to
trouble, Gal. 5: 10.

anuktuklochi, ady., doubting; chu"kash
mat anuktuklochi, Mark 11: 23.

anukwatya, v. n., to be in haste; to be
in a hurry; v. a. i., to hurry.

anukwatya, a., hasty; hurried; in haste.

anukwa*yachi, v. t., to hasten; to hurry.

anukwia, v. n., to hesitate; to be timid,
fearful, or doubtful; to be afraid; to
dread; to be afraid to do or to venture
(not to be afraid of any creature, but
to be afraid of such things as trying to
cross a stream, and the like); imnukwia,
afraid of him, a’nukwia, he is afraid of
me; sianukwia, | am afraid; ikchianuk-
wiokashke, fear not, Matt. 1: 20.

anukwia, a., timid; fearful; doubtful;
afraid; reluctant.

anukwiachi, v. t., to render timid; to
frighten.

anukyiminta, v.a.i., to be angry.

anukyohbi, v.a.i., to soften; to become
moist and soft, as by the dew.

anukyohbi, pp., softened; moistened;
soft; moist.

anukyohbichi, vy. t., to soften; to mois-
ten.

anump ikbi, v. t., to make a speech.

anump ikbi, n., a speechmaker.

anump iksho, a., speechless,

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

48

anump i"kucha achukma, n., fluency.

anump imeshi, n., his secretary; his
aid; one that receives instructions from
his superior; the combination im is a
prefixed pronoun.

anump imeshi, v. t., to hear a message;
to receive instructions.

anump isht ika, n., a haranguer.

anumpa, annumpa, pp., spoken; word-
ed; uttered; pronounced; declared;
talked; delivered; enunciated; ex-
pressed; mentioned; preached; pro-
nounced; aianuhumpa, Matt. 3: 17; isht
imanuhumpashke, Matt. 11: 5; itim-
anumpa, conversed together; spoken;
isht anumpa, pp., debated; preached;
imanumpa, pp., warned.

anumpa, a., oral; verbal.

anumpa, adyv., orally; verbally.

anumpa, annumpa, n., a talk; aspeech;
a word; Josh. 1: 13; a communication;
a message; a promise; advice; counsel;
a language; a tongue; the voice; the
mode of speaking; a sermon; a dis-
course; a sentence; an oration; a dec-
lamation; tidings, Luke 1: 10; a charge;
chat; a declaration; a detail; a dialect;
doctrine; elocution; enunciation; an er-
rand; intelligence; a law; a lecture; a
mandate; mention; nourishment or
instruction; an observation; parlance;
parley; a passage; a phrase; a procla-
mation; a proverb; a report; a saying;
a sentence; a statement; style; a tale;
tattle; aterm; terms; testimony; a text;
a theory; a topic; a tract; a treatise;
a treaty; utterance; a verse; a yoice; a
vote; @manumpa, sayings of mine, Matt.
7: 24, 26; isht anumpa, word of, or
about, Matt. 13: 19.

anumpa achafa, n., a paragraph; a sen-
tence.

anumpa achukmalit chukashichi, v. t.,
to blandish; to flatter; lit. to talk with
and take the heart.

anumpa afolotowa, n., an equivoca-
tion; lit. a roundabout talk.

anumpa afolotowachi, v. a. i., to equiv-
ocate.

anumpa aialhpisa, n., headquarters;
the place where counsel is adopted.

anumpa annoa, n., tidings.

anumpa apakfokachi, v. a. i., to evade.

anumpa apakfopa, n., an evasion.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN

ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 46

anumpa apesa, v. t., to dictate; to pass
sentence; to fulminate.

anumpa apesa, n., a dictator, a lawgiver;
a lawmaker.

anumpa asilhha, n., a prayer; a peti-
tion; a request.

anumpa asilhha holisso, n., a prayer
book.

anumpa atatoa, n., a verse.

anumpa atya, n., a message; a rumor.

anumpa alhpisa, n., a law; a sentence;
an ordinance; a statute; an agreement;
a covenant; a commandment; a rule;
a precept; a judgment; ‘‘a determined
or settled word;’’ a constitution; a de-
cision; a decree; a dictate; adoom; an
edict; a fiat; a government; an injunc-
tion; an institution; an interdict; an
order; a resolution.

anumpa alhpisa, pp., legislated.

anumpa alhpisa holisso, n., a written
law; a law book.

anumpa alhpisa ikbi, n., a legislator.

anumpa alhpisa ikbi, v. t., to legislate;
to enact a law or laws.

anumpa alhpisa iksho, a., lawless;
without law.

anumpa alhpisa isht atta, n., a scribe.

anumpa alhpisa keyu, a., lawless.

anumpa alhpisa onuchi, vy. t., to fine.

anumpa alhpisa onuchi, n., a suitor.

anumpa alhpisa onutula, pp., fined.

anumpa alhpisa toba, v. a.i., to be-
come a law.

anumpa alhtoshowa, see anumpa toshoa.

anumpa bachaya, n., a column; a divi-
sion of a page; lit. ‘‘a row of words.”’

anumpa bachoha, n. pl., columns.

anumpa chokushpikbi, n., a libeler.

anumpa chu"kushnah, n., a sarcasm;
a retort.

anumpa chukushpa, n., hearsay; a re-
port; evil speaking; a libel.

anumpa chukushpa ikbi, n.,
bearer.

anumpa chukushpa ikbi, vy. t., to make
tales or stories.

anumpa chukushpali, v. t., to slander;
to backbite; to libel.

anumpa chukushpali, n., a slanderer;
a gossiper.

anumpa chukushpashali, v. t., to carry
news or slander; to gossip.

a tale

BYINGTON ]

anumpa chukushpashali, n., a tale
bearer; a slanderer; a gossiper; a peace
breaker; a sycophant.

anumpa falama, n., an answer; areply;
lit. the word returned.

anumpa falama, pp., answered.

anumpa falamoa, n. pl., answers; re-
plies.

anumpa falamolichi, v. t. pl., toanswer;
to reply.

anumpa falammichi, v. t., to reply; to
answer; ‘‘to return a word;’’? anwmpa
falamminchi, nasal form; anwmpa falam-
mihinchi, freq.; anumpa infalamminchi,
vy. t., to reply to him.

anumpa fimmi, n., a propagator.

anumpa himona, n., tidings.

anumpa hinla, a., speakable; utterable;
what can be expressed.

anumpa holabi, n., a fib.

anumpa holisso nowat a®ya, n., an
epistle.

anumpa ikaiako, n., a short speech.

anumpa ikbi, n., a propagator of stories,
etc.

anumpa ilatomba, a., reserved.

anumpa ilatomba, v. n., to be reserved.

anumpa ilonuchi, y. ref., to assume an
obligation; to promise; to oblige him-
self.

anumpa inlaua, a., talkative; anwmpa
ikinlauo, a., silent.

anumpa intuklo, n., a trimmer.

anumpa isht auehinchi, n., a tradition.

anumpa isht a®ya, v. t., to carry a mes-
sage.

anumpa isht a®ya, n., a messenger; a
runner.

anumpa isht alhpisa, n., a parable.

anumpa isht hika, v. t., to deliver a
speech; to harangue; anwmpa isht tka,
see Child’s Cat., p. 10, q. 42.

anumpa isht hika, n., a speech; an
oration; a formal speech; a set speech;
a harangue; an address; oratory.

anumpa isht hika, anumpa isht ika,
n., an orator; a speaker; a declaimer;
a haranguer.

anumpa isht okchaya, n., the word of
life.

anumpa itimapesa, v. t., to bargain;
to covenant together.

anumpa itimapesa, n., a bargain; a
mutual covenant. ~

84339°—Bull. 46—15——_4

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

49

anumpa itimalhpisa, pp., bargained;
covenanted.

anumpa itinlaua, n., an altercation; a
controversy.

anumpa itinlaua, v. a. i., to have an
altercation; to have many words be-
tween them.

anumpa itinlauachi, v. t., to altercate;
to dispute; to make many words be-
tween them.

anumpa kaniohmi, n., news; a word of
some sort.

anumpa kaniohmi keyu, n., nonsense;
a word of no sort.

anumpa kallo, n., a strong talk; a law;
arule; a command; a canon; an ordi-
nance; testimony; an oath, Matt. 14:
7,9; a league, Josh. 9: 6.

anumpa kallo ikbi, n., a lawmaker; a
legislator.

anumpa kallo ilonuchiy, v. ref., to bind
himself; to lay himself under obliga-
tions; to swear.

anumpa kallo ilonuchi cha ia, v. t.
ref., to abjure; to vow; to vouch.

anumpa kallo ilonuchit anoli, v. t., to
depose; to bear testimony.

anumpa kallo isht anumpuli, v. t., to
swear.

anumpa kallo miha, v. t., to damn.

anumpa kallo onitula, see anumpa kallo
onutula.

anumpa kallo onuchi, v. t., to sue; to
prosecute; to condemn; to sentence; to
command; to order; to curse; to damn;
to doom; to execrate; to indict.

anumpa kallo onuchi, n., a prosecutor.

anumpa kallo onuchit anoli, anumpa
kallo onuchit miha, v. t., v. a.1., to
testify.

anumpa kallo onutula, anumpa kallo
onitula, anumpa kallo onatula, pp.,
sued; prosecuted; condemned; sen-
tenced; commanded; ordered; cursed.

anumpa kallo onutula, n., a prosecu-
tion; a sentence; a curse; a vow.

anumpa keyu, n., nonsense.

anumpa kobafa, n., a transgression; a
broken law; a breach of the Jaw; perfidy.

anumpa kobaffi, v. t., to transgress; to
break a law; to revolt.

anumpa kobaffi, n., a transgressor; a
criminal; a culprit; a lawbreaker; an
offender; a rebel.

50

anumpa kobaffi, n., a transgression; a
crime.

anumpa kochanli, anumpa kuchanli,
a verbal message; traditions, Matt. 15:
caption, 2, 3, 6.

anumpa kochanli, v.a.i., to comealong,
or to be out, as a verbal message.

anumpa kololi, n., pl. short words;
short speeches.

anumpa kolu®fa, n., a short word; a
short speech.

anumpa kolu®™fasi, n. dimin.; a very
short talk; a shortish talk.

anumpa kuchanli, see anumpa kochanhi.

anumpa laua, a., verbose; wordy.

anumpa lumiksho, n., frankness.

anumpa makali, n., scurrility.

anumpa nan anoli, n., a story.

anumpa nan alhpisa isht atta, n., a
lawyer; an attorney.

anumpa nan isht alhpisa, n., an alle-
gory; a parable.

anumpa nukoa, n., rant.

anumpa nushkobo, n., a summary; the
heads of discourse; a head; topic of
discourse; subject-matter of a speech; a
text.

anumpa okpulo, n., bad language; vile
talk; calumny; an invective; scandal.

anumpa okpulo onuchi, y. t., to cal-
umniate; to slander.

anumpa okpulo onuchi, n., calumny;
slander.

anumpa okpulo onuchi, n., a calumni-
ator.

anumpa okpulo onutula, pp., calum-
niated.

anumpa onucha hinla, a., accusable;
impeachable.

anumpa onuchi, anumponuchi, vy. t.,
to accuse; to blame; to impeach; to
indict; to charge; to condemn, Matt.
12: 7; to prosecute; to senterce.

anumpa cnuchi, n., an accuser; an in-
former; a prosecutor.

anumpa onuchi, n., an impeachment.

anumpa onutula, anumponatula, pp.,
impeached; accused; blamed; con-
demned; sentenced to punishment;
indicted; anumpa ikonitulo, a., uncon-
demned.

anumpa onutula, anumpa onatula, n.,
an inpeachment; an accusation; blame.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

anumpa onutulahe keyu, a., excusa-
ble; irreproachable.

anumpa shali, v. t., to carry a message.

anumpa shali, n., a messenger; a run-
ner; an ambassador, Josh. 9: 4.

anumpa shanaioa, n., a prevarication;
imanumpa shanaioa, n., a prevaricator;
imanumpa shanaioa, vy. t., to prevari-
cate.

anumpa tikba, n., a summary.

anumpa tikbanli anoli, n., a prophecy.

anumpa tilofa, n. sing., ashort address
a short speech; the name often given
by an orator in his introduction to the
speech he is about to make.

anumpa tilofasi, a dim. n., a brief ad-
dress; the si has nearly the force of sh in
some English words, as short, shortish.

anumpa tiloli, n. pl., short speeches;
short addresses.

anumpa toshoa, anumpa alhtoshowa,
n., a translation; an interpretation; a
speech translated; an explanation.

anumpa toshoa, pp., translated; inter-
preted; explained.

anumpa tosholi, v. t., to interpret; to
translate; to construe.

anumpa tosholi, n.,a translator; an in-
terpreter; an expositor; a linguist.

anumpa tosholi ashachi, v. t., to mis-
interpret; to mistranslate.

anumpeshi, n., a presiding officer in a
council; a secretary; a messenger, Matt.
11: 10; an aid-de-camp; a consul, a
disciple, John 3: 22; a servant, Luke
2: 29; an apostle, Luke 6: 13; a legate;
an officer; a representative; a resident.

anumpeshi atokulli, v. t., to officer.

anumpisachi, y. t., to take aim; to
level; or anompisachi (q. v.).

anumponatula, see anumpa onutula.

anumponuchi,, see anumpa onuchi.

anumpule chi, v. t., to trouble; to pester
to plague; to annoy; to worry; to dis-
turb; to molest; to embarrass; to hector;
to incommode; sianumpulechi fehna,
he troubles me very much.

anumpulechi, n., a troubler; a hectorer;
isht itimanumpuli, to hold a council
against, Matt. 12: 14.

anumpuli, v. a.i., v. t., to talk; to speak,
Joshua 1: 1; to utter; to say, Matt. 17:
4; to say a word; to pray, Matt. 6: 9;

BYINGTON]

to preach, Luke 3: 3; to chat; to de-
claim; to deliver; to discourse; to enun-
ciate; to exhort; to express; to gab; to
gabble; to harangue; to lecture; to
mention; to observe; to phrase; to
pronounce; to reason; to tattle; to word;
imanumpuli, v. t., to talk to him; to
counsel; to deal with; to exhort; to
expostulate; to rebuke; to reprehend;
to read, as holisso imanumpuli; im-
anumpuli, n., a reader; isht anumpuli,
to talk about; to advocate; to comment;
to descant; to preach; to plead; to
praise; ikanumpolo, n. f., v.a. i., a,
dumb; unsocial; isht anumpuli, to talk
about, Matt. 7: 22; yammakosh ahachi
anumpulahi oka, which shall speak
in you, Matt. 10: 20; aiitimanumpuli,
Matt. 12: 4; to read, Josh. 8: 35; an-
umponli, nasal form, v. a i., and a.;
abanumpa isht anumpohonli, preaching,
Matt. 12: 41; itimanumpult, to speak
with him; chitimanumpuli, to speak
with thee; anumpohonili, freq.; isht im-
anumpohonli, to speak to them by, Matt.
12: 46, 47; anumpoyuli, pro. form; itim-
anumpuli, vy. t., to converse together; to
talk together; to commune; to contest;
to discuss; to negotiate; to parley; to rea-
son, Matt. 16: 7, 8; isht itimanumpuli, v.
t., to reason; itimanumpuli, n., a collo-
quy; a dialogue; a conference; a parley;
isht ishimanumpuli, Matt. 13: 10; itimnu-
polih used for itimanumpulih; imanum-
puli, vy. t., to reprimand; to school; ila-
numpuli, to talk to one’s self; isht idanum-
puli, to talk about himself; isht anwm-
puli, v. t., to handle; to talk about; to
intercede; to treat; to vindicate.

anumpuli, n., preaching; pronunciation;
“‘voice,’’ Gen. 4: 10.

anumpuli, n., a speaker; a counselor; a
declaimer; a deliverer; a lecturer; a
herald; a speechmaker; a talker; ikan-
umpolo, n., a mute; a dumb person,
Matt. 12: 22; ikanumpolo, a., mute;
silent.

anumpuli anuktuklo, v. a. i., to stam-
mer; to stutter.

anumpuli ilahobi, v. a. i., to babble.

anumpuli ilahobi, n., a babbler.

anumpuli imponna,a., eloquent; fluent.

anumpuli imponna, vy. n., to be elo-
quent.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

51

anumpuli imponna, n., a linguist.

anumpuli italhpesa, v. t., to respond.

anumpuli keyu, a., mute; speechless;
mum.

anumpuli shah, n., a talker; a great
talker; a chatterbox; a prater.

anumpuli shali, y. a. i., to talk much;
to prate.

anumpuli shah, a., flippant; loquacious;
talkative; voluble.

anumpulit a¥sha, y.a.i., to sit and talk;
to be in session; to be engaged in any
kind of speaking.

anumpulit a®sha, n., asession; a sitting;
the actual presence of any body of men
who have met for speaking, consulting,
ete.

anumpulit chu"kash ishi, v.t., to per-
suade.

anusi, n., a bed; a bedroom; any place
for sleeping; the place where any one
or any creature sleeps; a couch; a dor-
mitory; a harbor; an inn; a lodging.

anusi, v.n., v.a.i., to sleep at, in, or on;
to sleep there; asanusi, anuseli, where
I sleep.

anusi ona, n., bedtime; time for sleep.

anusi ona, v. a.i., to arrive (as bedtime);
the time to go to bed has come.

anushkunna, n., a lover.

anushkunna, n., fancy; liking; passion.

anushkunna, vy. a. i., v. t., to fancy; to
like; to desire; to be fond of; to love, 1
Kings, 11: 1; to have a passion for an-
other, a female, 2 Sam. 13:1, 2 15; ai-
anushkunna, Matt. 13:22; to covet, Josh.
Ueizalle

apa, v. a. i., from apa, to eat and in re-
gard to eating a single article of food;
impa, to eat, implies the eating of a
number of things, ora common meal;
ishimpa hinla? will you eat? ahe ishpa-
hinla, will you eat a potato? See apa.

apahyah, pp., shouted at; called to.

apahyachi, v. t., to shout at; to halloo.

apahyachi, n., a shouter; one that hal-
loos.

apakama, n., guile, John 1: 47.

apakama, apakama, pp., deceived in
any way; imposed upon.

apakammi, yv. t., to deceive.

apakammiy, n., a deceiver.

apakamoa, pp. pl., deceived.

apakamoh, vy. t. pl., to deceive.

52

apakamoli, n., deceivers.

apakchilofa, pp., tripped up.

apakchiloffi, v. t., to trip up.

apakchulli, v. a. i., v. t., to climb up;
to cling; to wind round and ascend, as
a man climbs a tree ora vine runs up a
pole.

apakchulli, n., a climber.

apakfoa, pp. pl., banded; bound round;
tied round; from apakfoli.

apakfoa, v. a. i., to go round; to reach
round; to wind round.

apakfoa, v. n., to be round; to be wound
round.

apakfobli, v. a. i. sing., to go round; to
encircle; to surround; to wrap round;
to environ; to inclose; as, it goes round,
etc., Luke 138: 8; Mark 12: 1.

apakfoblichi, v. t., caus., to wind round;
to cause to go round; to wrap round.

apakfokachi, pp. pl., surrounded; en-
circled.

apakfokachi, v. n., to be around.

apakfokachi, v. a. i., to go round; to en-
circle; to avoid by going round; apak-
fokahanchi, freq., Rev. 20: 9.

apakfoh, y. t. pl., to surround; to wind
round; to wrap round; ilapakfoli, v. ref.,
to bewrap; to wrap himself, Gen. 37: 34.

apakfopa, apakfoyupa (pro. f.),n., the
circumference; the compass; a zone;
apakfoyupa, prep., round.

apakfopa, apakfompa (nas. f.), pp.,
from apakfobli, wound round; wrapped
round; circled; encircled; environed;
inclosed; shunned; surrounded.

apakfopa, a., spiral.

apakfopa, v. a. i., to go round; to wind
round; to circuit; to come round; to
deviate; to encircle; to fly; toshun; to
compass, Josh. 6:3, 4; apakfompa, nasal
form; apakfohompa, pro. form.

apakfopa, v. n., to be wound round;
y. t., to compass; to double, as a cape;
apakfoyupa, pro. form.

apakfopahe keyu, a., inevitable.

apakfoyupa, see apakfopa.

apakna, n., a plenty; an abundance; a
fullness.

apakna, adv., freely.

apakna, a., plenteous; abundant; copi-
ous; exuberant.

apakna, v.n., to be plenteous; to abound;
itimpakna, to compete together; kilitim-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

pakna, let us compete, or try and see
which will excel; see pakna.

apakna®ka, n., the top, Luke 25: 38.

apaknali, n., the surface; the face.

apaknali, a., superficial; being on the
surface.

apaknali, v. n., to be superficial; to be
on the surface.

apaknachi, v. t., to cause an abundance;
to make a plenty, 1 Kings 10: 27.

apakshanofa, y. a. i., to cling.

apakshana, v. a. i., to cling to; to
grip; itapakshana, to strive together,
Deut. 25: 11.

apakshana, pp., twisted round; itapak-
shana, pp., intwined; twisted together.

apakshanni, vy. t., to twist round; tta-
pakshanni, itapakshannichi, v. t., to in-
twine; to twist together.

apalaska, n., an oven; any place where
anything is baked; a baking place.

apali, v. a. i., to lurk; to creep slyly in
quest of prey or game, like a cat.

apanlichi, v. t., to encourage by shouts;
to halloo.

apanta, a., nasal form, from apata, situ-
ated at the side; being on the side;
sing. of palli; imchukapanta, chuka
inmpalli.

apantali, nasal form, from apatali.

apanukfila, n., a whirlwind.

apanukfila, v. a. i., to blow and rise, as
a whirlwind; to be a whirlwind, or to
whirlwind, making a verb of the noun.

apashia, n., a piazza; a porch; a por-
tico; chukapashia, house porch.

apata, v. a. i., to lie at the side; apanta,
nasal form; apataiya, pro. form, to lie
along at the side.

apata, pp., laid at the side.

apatafa, n., a plowed place.

apatalechi, v. t., to spread a blanket so
that one-half is under and the other
over a person; see apolomichi.

apatalhpo, n., a spread; a mattress; a
seat; a cushion, John 19:13. Perhaps
this word is used for ‘‘seat’’ because in
early times the Choctaw spread out
some kind of skin as a seat for visitors
and others.

apatali, v.a.i., to grow at the side like
corn suckers; itapatali, recip.

apatali, n., suckers; young sprouts at
the side.

BYINGTON]

apaha, n., attendants; companions; fel-
lows; itapiha, fellows.

apala, n., a frying pan or anything in
which to carry a torch or a light;
usually applied to a frying pan, because
it was used to carry a light by those
who hunted game in the night. The
light was made of fat pine knots or
wood cut and split fine.

apalli, apulli, pl. of apotali, v. a. i., to
stand side and side; to lie side by side;
chuka apallit anya keyu, not to eaves-
drop.

apatichi, v. t., to hew wood.

apatichi, n., a hewer.

apeha, apiha, vy. a.i. pl., many to join

’ one; to go in company with; to be with
others, 2.Sam. 18: 1; or being with,
Matt. 12:3; Josh. 7: 24; apehat aiasha,
about him, i. e., multitudes, Matt. 8: 18;
apehat anya, to go along with one; to
accompany him, Matt. 12: 3, 4; Josh.
8:5; itapiha, to join together; to accom-
pany; to go together, John 3: 22; avita-
piha, to join together there, or at, Matt.
8: 11; here are plurals in both com-
panies that united apehkachi, itapekachi,
aitapekachi; aiapi™hat hieli, Matt. 12:41,
to stand together with; itapithat hioh-
manya, Matt. 13: 30; aiitapimhat attat ia,
Matt. 14: 13; apitha, to be with, Matt.
4: 21.

apehali; aiapehalinchi, pl., led with him,
Luke 23: 82.

apehachi, v. t. caus., to cause to be or go
together; to take part with.

apehpoa, see apepoa.

apela, n., a helper; an assistant; anally;
an auxiliary; an aid; a coadjutor; a
help; a second; a subsidiary.

apela, a., subservient; ikapelo, a.; un-
aided; unassisted; unhelped; unsup-
ported.

apela, v. t., to help, Josh. 1: 14; to assist;
to abet; to succor; to back; to second
or strengthen by aid; to support; to
favor; to further; to interpose; to
second; to side; to stickle; to subserve;
siapela, to help me; chiapelali, I help
thee; itapela, to help each other; itapela,
n., a help; a helper; a partner; an ally;
an auxiliary; mutual helps, ete.; apinla,
nasal form, helping; apihinla, freq.
form, keep helping; apiela, pro. form,

A DICTIONARY OF THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 53
to help at last; apela ikimiksho, a., help-
less; without help.

apelachi, apelachi, y. t., to help an-
other; to cause to help; to favor; to
further; topatronize; to promote; to re-
lieve; to succor, siapelachi, help me,
Matt. 15: 25; apelanchi, nasal form;
apelahanchi, freq. form; apelaiyachi,
pro. form.

apelachi, n., a help; a remedy; succor.

apelachi, apelachi, n., a promoter; a
succorer; a helper; an abettor; an ally;
an assistant; an auxiliary; a coadjutor;
a favorer; a paraclete; a patron; ita-
pelachi, n., a copartner; mutual help-
ers.

apeli, n., a hurricane; a tempest; the
place where a hurricane passed along
and blew down the timber; a whirl-
wind.

apeli, v.a.i., to storm; to blow, asa hurri-
cane.

apelua, pp., turned up.

apelulichi, vy. a. i., to turn up sleeves or
legs of pantaloons or leggings.

apeli, v. t., to bring, sweep, or scrape
together; to rake up, as bears and hogs
rake or bring together grass and leaves
for a nest.

apeli, n.,a raker; a nest maker.

apetichi, v. t., to push up the wood on
a fire; to put the sticks or brands to-
gether; to hoe earth up around plants.

apetichi, v. t. pl., to rule at; to preside
in; to govern there; apelinchi, nasal
form; apelilinchi, freq.; apetiechi, pro.
form.

apetichi, apeliechi, n., the course, class
or term (of Abia), Luke 1: 5.

apelichi, n., the place ruled; a kingdom,
Mark 11: 10; a tribe, 1 Kings 11: 31,
32; 2 Sam. 24: 2.

apelichi fullota, n., a territory; the
extent of the place that is ruled.

apelichika, apetiechika, n., the place
ruled, whether kingdom, province,
town, district, plantation, bishopric,
diocese, or a single house; or the place
ruled by domestic animals; domain;
dominion; a dukedom; an empire; a
government; a kingdom; a monarchy;
a province; a sphere; a tribe, 1 Kings
11: 18; yakni apelichika moma, Matt.
4:8" 3:2" b:13; 6513, 335) 122725), 26;

54

13: 19, 41, 43; 18: 1; apetichika, in Matt.
6:10, used as a verb, having ish, thou,
prefixed; or this ish is used asa poss.
pronoun, similar to ish in ishitibapishi,
thy brother, so here it is thy kingdom,
1 Kings 10: 20.

apelichika fullota, n., a precinct.

apeliechi achafa, n., a body; a num-
ber of men united by a common tie or
form of government.

apetiechi, see apetichi.

apepoa, apehpoa, apepowa, v. t. pl.,
to help; to assist by counsel, not in
labor; to advocate for; to plead for; to
argue for; to stand up for; to fight for;
ilapipowa to help himself.

apepoa, apepowa, n., helpers; advo-
cates; allies; justifiers; apipoat ih, n.,
a martyr; apipoat ili, n., martyrdom.

apesa, apisa, v. t., to order; to appoint,
Josh. 1: 7; to fix; to measure, Matt.
7:2; to judge; to adjudge; to reconcile;
to regulate; to resolve; torule; to scale;
toscheme; toset; to settle; to span; to
square; to survey; to test; to time; to
tolerate; to transact; to will; to destine;
to devise; to direct; to dispose of; to
doom; to enact; to engage; to establish;
to estimate; to gauge; to instruct; to lay
a plan; to legalize; to machinate; to
manage; to marshal; to mediate; to
mete; to methodize; to order; to ma-
neuver; to plan; to prescribe; to pro-
ject; to purpose; to adjudicate; to sanc-
tion; to command, Matt. 8: 4; 14: 9;
to conclude; to decide; to decree; im-
apesa, to appoint for him; to allow
him; to send him; to license; to re-
strict; to make for them, i.e., a feast,
Luke 5: 29; to give them power, Matt.
10: 1; nan isht apesa, Matt. 13: 3; ikim-
apeso, Vv. t., to disallow him; ikapeso,
a., undetermined; isht apesa, to meas-
ure with; to maneuver; to model;
isht apesat ima, v. t., to devote; apihinsa,
Matt. 15: 4; itimapesa, to league; to
agree together; to concert together; to
contract; to covenant; itimapesa, n.,
an agreement; a concert; a contract; a
league; ilitibapesa, we agree together;
ilapisa, to measure for himself, Luke
12: 21; to make himself, John 5: 18;
uapesa, to contract; to liken; itapesa-
lashke, I will liken, Matt. 7: 24; also

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

Matt. 11: 16; pitimapesa, Josh. 9: 6;
alhpisa, alhpesa, pp.

apesa, n., a judge; one that measures,
appoints, etc.; a director; an enactor;
an estimator; a manager; a measurer.

apesa, n., a measurement; mensuration.

apesachi, v. t., to oversee; to direct; to
manage; torule; totend; chiapesahan-
chi, etc., Matt. 4: 6; apesaiyachi, pro.
form.

apesachi, n., an overseer; a director; a
manager; acurator; a tender; a keeper;
apesachi ateha hatuk at yitepat, and they
that kept them fled, Matt. 8: 33; apesa-
chi, a shepherd, Matt. 9: 36; a keeper,
Gen. 4: 9.

apiha, n. (see apeli, act.; apiha is
pass. ), a place brushed, raked, etc.; as
onush apiha, where the oats have been
raked away; itapiha, together with,
John 21: 2; itapehachi, collected to-
gether; aiitapiha, with; together with;
apimha, nasal form of apeha, pl., being
with, John 11: 31; 21: 3; apithat arya
kashon, them that followed, Matt. 8: 10.

apinni v. t., to twist a stick into hair, as
the mane.

apinnichi y. t., to break down the top
limbs of bushes; like akauwichi.

apisa, n., aglass; a looking glass; a lesson
in reading assigned to a pupil; a win-
dow; alight; amirror; scenery; aspec-
ulum.

api4sa, n., a prospect; a study.

apisa achafa, n., a pane of glass; a pane.

apisa isht alhkama, n., a window; a
window shutter.

apisa isht alhpolosa, n., putty.

apisa isht hopo"koyo, n.,a telescope; a
spy glass.

apisaka, n., a vision; that which is the
object of sight; a view; a sight; a pros-
pect.

apisahukmi, n., a burning glass.

apisaka ali, n., the horizon.

apisah, n., ken; view; reach of sight.

apissa, pp., straightened; made straight;
dressed; unbent.

apissa, a., straight.

apissa, v. n., to be straight.

apissalechi, see apissalecht.

apissali, a., due; direct; straight; v. t., to
choose, Luke 10: 42; ikapissalo, a., in-
direct; vague.

BYINGTON]

apissanli, a., nasal form of apissalli, or
a form like hinanli, kochanli, ete. (q.
v.) (Josh. 5: 5); express; direct;
straight; being straight; true; erect;
firm; unequivocal; genuine, as hatak
api humma apissanli, a genuine redman,
not a man of mixed blood; explicit, as
in anumpa apissanli achukma; fair; genu-
ine; honest; invariable; regular; right ;
upright.

apissanli, ady., regularly.

apissanli, n., fairness; frankness; integ-
rity; probity; simplicity.

apissanli, v. n., to be straight; to be
direct, genuine, etc.

apissanlit, apissant, ady., plainly; di-
rectly; in a direct course; the nearest
way; downright; right; uprightly; as
apissant ishla, did you come directly
here?; apissant hikia, a., precipitous;
perpendicular.

apissallechi, apissalechi, v. t. caus., to
make straight; to direct; to dress; to
straighten, Matt.3:3; ilapissalechi, John
11:41 [2]; uski naki apissalechi.

apissalli, vy. t., to straighten; to unbend.

apissat hikia, a., erect.

apistikeli, n., a watch; a spy; custody;
aneyer; aguard; a guardian; a guarder;.
a manager; an overseer; a supervisor;
asurveyor; atroubler; a vigil; a warder;
a warden.

apistikeli, n., vigilance; watch; ward; a
watcher.

apistikeli, a., troublesome; watchful.

apistikeli, v. a. i., v. t., to watch; to
eye; to observe; to look out for with
an eyil intention; to embarrass; to
guard; to look; to oversee; to ward; to
be vigilant; to infest; to manage; to mo-
lest; to pester; to plague; tosuperintend;
to supervise; to tend; to transact; to
trouble.

apistikeli ahikia, n., a watchhouse.

apistikelichi, vy. t., to cause to watch;
to get one to watch.

apistiket, cont. from apistikelit, to
watch, ete.

apitta, v. t. pl., to put in; wak apitta,
to put in cattle; tanchi apitta, to put in
corn; okapa"kki apitta, to putina liquid,
Matt. 9:17; 13: 48; alhpita, pp.

apoa, apoba, yv. t., to raise, as cattle or
any domestic animals, or fruit trees;

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

dd

to have for the purpose of raising, or
to let it grow; to domesticate; to tame;
alhpoba, pp., imapoa, to ally; to be-
troth; to espouse; itimapoa, to espouse
each other; itimalhpoba, pp., of above;
apoahanchi, ‘‘to spare,’’? 1 Sam. 15: 3;
chikapoancho, Gen. 18: 24.

apoa, n., preemption; a refusal.

apoachi, or apobachi (q. v.) v. t., to
raise; alhpoba, pp.

apoachi, n., one that betroths or be-
speaks.

apoba, see apoa.

apoba, n., a saver; a preserver.

apobachi, v. t., to betroth; to bespeak;
to speak for; to bargain for; to pet;
to preengage; alhpoba, pp.

apohko, pp., protected; covered; ikapoh-
ko, a., exposed.

apohko, n., protection.

apohkochi, yv. t., to protect; to cover;
ilapohkochi, v. ref., she protects herself,
or covers herself.

apohkolechi, v. t., to hold the hand and
hide or hold something; to hold the flat
hand over the ear to prevent hearing;
itapokolechi, v. t., to put two flat things
together.

apohota, n., the fringe; the flounce.

apohtuka, a., shut in so that the air does
not circulate, as a house by a thicket.

apohtukachi, vy. t., to shut in; to make
close.

apohtukih, v. a. i., to be close or tight, as
a room.

apokni, appokni, n., my grandmother.
The same appellation belongs to all the
sisters of the grandmother and to their
mother also. When there is an occa-
sion to express the real difference it can
be easily done.

apokofa, vy. a. i., to thrust against; “to
run against, Num. 22: 25.

apoksia, y. t., to prepare, John 14: 2, 3;
15: 2; to mend, Matt. 4: 21.

apoksia, n., a repair.

apoksia, pp., repaired; mended; recon-
ciled; redressed; regulated; remedied.

apoksia, a., good; wise.

apoksiachi, v. t., to repair; to adjust; to
dispose; to prepare, Luke 3:4; Matt.
3:3; 11:10; to reconcile; to redress; to
regulate; to shape; idlapoksiachi, to re-
form himself.

56

apoksiachi, n., a reformer; a repairer.

apoksiali, v. t., to arrange.

apokshiama, n., a flap; a clout, called a
square; a diaper. The apokshiama is
a garment worn by Choctaw men.

apokshiama, pp., clouted.

apokshiami, apokshiami, apokshi-
ammi, v. t., to put the clout upon one’s
self; to clout one’s self.

apokshiamichi, y. t., to put the clout
upon another.

apokshiammi, see apokshiami.

apokshiammi, pp., clouted; having a
flap put on.

apokta, n., a double.

apokta, pp., doubled; grown together,
as two potatoes fastened together side
by side.

apokta, a., double; as ahe apokta, noti
apokta.

apokta, vy. n., to be doubled.

Apokta chito, n., the name of a_ par-
ticular creek.

apoktachi, v. t., to double; to cause any-
thing to be doubled.

apolichi, hopochi (q.v.) v. t., to hill corn;
to work in the corn for the last time,
Luke 13: 8.

apolukta; itapolukta, v. a. 1., to coalesce.

apoluma, n., a conjurer at ball plays,
called a ball play witch.

apolumi, v. t., to conjure; to act the ball
play witch.

apolusa, n., a daubing; apolusa achafa,
one coat of daubing.

apolusa, alhpolosa, pp., a., daubed;
plastered; pitched.

apolusa, y. n., to be daubed.

apolusli, vy. t., to daub; to plaster; to
pitch; to smear.

apolusli, n., a dauber; a plasterer.

apolusli, n., a casing; the act or opera-
tion of plastering a house with mortar
on the outside.

apoloma, n., a hem; a bend; a spring
made by a bend.

apoloma, pp., hemmed;
double.

apolomachi, n., a hem of a garment.

apolomachi, pp., hemmed.

apotomachi, vy. t., to hem; to bend over
double.

bent over

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

' [BULL. 46

apolomi, apotommi, y. t., to hem;
to bend over; to go across a bend ina
river or road; to lap.

apotomi, n., a hemmer.

apolomichi, y. t., to fold a blanket and
sleep in it, one part under and the
other part over a person.

apotomoa, pp. pl., hemmed.

apotomoa, n., hems; bends.

apotomolili, v. t., to hem; to bend
over; to go across bends in a river or
in a road.

aponaklo, v. a. i., v. t., to inquire; to
query.

aponaklo, n., an inquirer.

aponaklo, n., an inquiry.

aponaklo shahi, a., inquisitive.

aposhokachi, n., the border; the hem;
imanchi aposhokachi ya” pit potoli, the
hem of his garment; Matt. 9 20; Luke:
8: 44; imanchi aposhokachi ak ila kia,
only the hem of his garment, Matt. 14:
36.

apota, vy. a.i., to lie at the side; itapota,
to lie together; ikitapoto, Matt. 1: 25;
chiapota, 1 Kings 1: 2.

apota, n., the side; Eli at hina apota ka,
1 Sam. 4: 13.

apota, v. n., to be at the side; apunta,
nasal form; itapota, v. a. i., to make
snug; to lie sidewise.

apotaka, n., the side; a by-place; apo-
taka ia, to go one side to void, or toa
by-place; anexpression used to describe
the going away to ease nature, ete.

apotaka itola, apotaka atta, vy. n., to

lie in aretired place; this expression is
applied to describe the retirement of
females. See Lev. 15: 19-28; apotakachi.
The Choctaw women have a small camp
near the house to which they retire at
such seasons, and where they remain
alone till they have their usual health.
apotali, vy. a. i., to lie at the side.
apotoa, pl., apotoat hielitok, to stand be-
side; to be at the side, 1 Kings 10: 19.
apotoli, apotuli, sing. v. t., to place by
the side of, 1 Sam. 5: 2; apotulit hohpi,
Acts 5: 10; itapotuli, v. t., to accouple;
to adjoin; to couple.
apoyua, v. t., to gather up; to pick up
and carry away.

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE

aputfa, n., a forge, or the place where
the mouth of the bellows acts upon the
fire; the mouth of a bellows.

apu2fachi, vy. t., to blow with a bellows,
mouth, pipe, etc.; to expire; to puff;
isht apu®fachi, n., a blow pipe, or v. t.,
to blow with.

apulli, vy. t. pl., in himaka” apullit itikbo;
see alulli.

apulli, n., corn suckers.

apulli, apalli, pl. of apotali (q. v.).

apullichi, v. t., to hill up (corn); to heap
up around anything.

apunta, nasal form (from apota), v. n.,
being at the side to make an exchange
equal.

apunta, prep., by; near, as at the side.

apunta, a., contiguous; hohchifo apunta,
surname, Matt. 10: 3.

apuskiachi, y. t., to divine; to act as
a priest. See Gen. 41: 45.

apushi (from api and ushi), n., a sprout,
as itapushi, a sprout of a tree, (q. v.);
a staddle; kati apushi, Mark 12: 1.

apushi hika, n., a stake.

apushli, v. t., to roast, 1 Sam. 2: 15; to
broil; to bake in the hot ashes, as po-
tatoes (ahe apushli); alhpusha, pp.

apushli, n., a roaster; one that roasts.

aputa, a., from puta, all. See 1 John
8) 3 dif.

aputkachi, v. n. pl., to lie or stand side
by side.

aputkachi, a., pp., laid at the side; lying
at the side.

asahnoyechi, a., old, aged; or sahnoyechi
(q. V..).

asanali, see asonali.

asanali, n., the forefront of a rock; see
1 Sam. 14: 5; a jamb; the sidepiece of a
fireplace.

asanalichi, v. a. i., asanni, pl., to cause it
to face; ahe a hashi a® asanalichi, to lay
the potatoes in the sun; itasanali, to face
each other.

asananta, asananta, n., a large bee, re-
sembling the bumble bee, that bores
into wood, ete.

asanata, a., lazy.

asalbash, achaba, asalhchap, n., a foot-
bridge, made of a log or tree; asilhchap,
asahchap, Ch. Sp. Bk., page 50; salbach,
Ch. Sp. Bk., page 18.

asalhchap, see above.

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 57

asanni, pl. of asonali, to face; to front;
to stem.

asano, n., an adult; a grown person.

asano, v. a. i., to grow up, a word of
general signification; alla at asano, Luke
1: 80; 2: 40; itapushi at asano, nusapi
at chahat isht ia; asaiyano, pro. form;
asano, n., an adult; asano ikono, n., a
minor; asano, pp., a., grown; grown up;
mature; adult; asaiyano, pro. form;
asano, asanno, n., maturity; puberty;
rankness; asanochi, asanochika,

asanochi, n., an elder in a church.

asanochika, n., the elders of an assem-
bly.

asanonchi, asanonchi, n., the elders;
the aged; the fathers (by way of re-
spect); an elder; a presbyter; asanon-
chi, Josh. 8: 10, 33; 9: 11; asanochi,
Titus 2: 2, 3; asanhochi.

asechip, asechap, n., a footbridge; a log
or tree lying across a creek or water
course and used as a footbridge. See
asalbash.

asehta, pp., tied up; bound up; tied to
. tree, as a horse; asinta, tied, Mark

asehta, n., a bundle; a sheaf.

aseta, v. t., to accept a wager; to bet
against; itaseta, to bet against each
other.

aseta, n., a rawhide rope or string; a
rope; a cord; a strap; a string; a thong;
aseta isht takchi, to tie with a cord; to
cord.

aseta chanaha, n., a coil of rope.

aseta falaia, n., a long rope; a long raw-
hide rope; a rope; a tedder.

aseta falaia isht takchi, v. t., to ted-
der.

aseta isht fammiz, v. t., to strap.

aseta isht ochi, n., a well rope.

aseta pana, n., atwisted rawhide; a hide
rope made by plaiting two strands,
John 2: 15.

aseta tanaffo, n., a plaited hide rope; a
braided hide rope made of three or
more strands.

asetikbi, r., acord maker; a rope maker.

asetilechi, v. t., to make tie; asetilechinka,
n., junction of streams.

asetili, asetilli, v. a. i., asetoti, pl., to
empty; to disembogue; to flow out at
the mouth; to discharge into another
stream.

58

asetili, n., asetoli, pl., the mouth of a
stream.

asetilli, n., end of or uttermost part of
(the Jordan), Josh. 15: 5.

asetoh, v. a. i. pl., to empty.

asilballi, v. a. i., to go to excess in eating
or drinking; to gormandize.

asilballi, n., a gormandizer.

asilballichi, vy. t. caus., to lead another
into excesses.

asilhchap, n., a footlog over a creek.

asilhha, n., an invitation; an invocation;
apetition; a request; a suit.

asilhha, vy. t., to beg; to beseech, Matt.
14: 36; to entreat; to supplicate; to ask,
Matt. 5: 42; 14:7; to implore; to impor-
tune; to request; to petition; to crave;
to demand; to espouse, invite, invocate,
invoke; to supplicate; to wish; to woo;
hashasilhhakma, if or when ye ask,
Matt. 7: 7. echimasilhha, we beg of
thee; anumpa ilbasha asilhha, to pre-
sent in supplication, as humble words,
i. e., to pray; achunanchit asilhha, to
importune; imasilhha, v. t., to beseech
him, Matt. 8:6; to pray, Matt. 6: 6;
9138:

asilhha, vy. a. i., to beg; to entreat; to
solicit.

asilhha, n., a beggar; a petitioner; a sup-
pliant; a demander; an entreater; an
implorer; a petitioner; a solicitor; a
suitor.

asilhha, pp., éntreated.

asilhha, a., suppliant; ikasi/hho, unasked;
unsolicited.

asilhha keyu, a., prayerless.

asilhhachi, vy. t., to beg; to ask, Luke 3:
10; to implore; to petition; to entreat;
to request; asilhhanchi, nasal form;
asilhhahanchi, freq.

asilhhachi, vy. a. i., to beg; to entreat.

asilhhachi, n.,a beggar; an entreater; an
implorer.

asilbhi, y. t.; John 5: 39; from silhhi;
the a prefix is a locative.

asinta, v. t., to seize; to hold, as a dog
holds his prey.

asishchab, n., a footbridge; a log lying
across a stream which is used by foot
passengers.

asitabi, v. t., toearn; to merit, or deserve
by labor; to gain by labor, and not as a

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

gift; to gain; Josh. 24: 13; ikasitabo,
a., unearned; unmerited.

asitabi, n., the one who earns.

asitia, vy. a. i., to cleave to, 1 Kings 11:
2,4; to love; to feel an attachment; to
hang to; to join; itasitia, to cleave to
each other; to cohere.

asitilli, y. t., to tie to; to tieup, as to tie
a horse, cow, or calf to a tree.

asitoha, asitoa, pp. pl., tied up; bound
to.

asitohi, v. t. pl., to tie to, or to bind to
(from a and sitoti), Matt. 13: 30.

asitopa, v. a.i., to persevere.

asonak, n.,a brass kettle; a vessel made
of brass or tin; a kettle.

asonak aholuyachi, n., a colander.

asonak atakali, n.,a kettle bail; acrane;
a pot hook; a trammel.

asonak atoba, n., a furnace.

asonak hata, n., atin kettle; atin pail.

asonak hata maiha, n., tin pan (maiha=
wide).

asonak isht atta, n., a tinker.

asonak isht talakchi, n., pot hooks;
the hooks used in lifting kettles, oven
lids, ete.

asonak lakna, n., brass; a brass kettle.

asonak lakna atoba, a., brazen.

asonak lakna chito, n., a large brass
pan.

asonak lakna chuhmi, a., brassy.

asonak lakna ikbi, n., a brazier.

asonak lakna isht akmi, pp., brazed;
soldered with brass.

asonak lakna isht akmichi,v .t., tobraze;
to solder with brass.

asonak lakna isht akmichi, n., a brazier.

asonak matha, n., a tin pan.

asonak toba, n., tin.

asonali, asunali, asanali, v. a.i., v.t.,
to go against wind or tide; to as-
cend; to fly against the wind; to sail
against the current; to face; to front; to
stem; to confront; to thwart; to with-
stand, Ruth 1: 13; asanni, pl.

asunanta, n., the going against.

asunonchi, n., the elders; the aged; the
fathers, by way of respect.

asunonchika, n., elders, Luke 22: 52.

ash (and its compounds), an article; the
one, the said, the one which, referring
to some particular object that had been

BYINGTON]

the subject of conversation before;
peni ash, the ship, Matt. 14: 29. The
idea of past time in this article dif-
ferentiates it from other articles and
it may be called a past tense article,
Matt. 5: 24. Compounds: ashakosh,
ashakot, ashakocha—ashano, ob. case,
the one which—ashato, the one—ashba,
himmak ashba, nitak nana ash, com-
pounded of ash, the future, and ba (see
below); onnak mak ashba, Ch. Sp. Book,
p. 77—ashit—ashinli, the same; the one
which also—ashkia, the one also, even
that one—ashor, the one; the, Matt.
9: 6; Chihowa ashot, God, Matt. 9: 8;
yammak asho, the which, Matt. 13: 44;
osapa yammak ashon, that field, Matt.
13: 44, yammak asho”, him, Matt. 13:
57—ashocha, nom. case, the one—ash-
oka, ob. case, the one—ashokako, ob:
case, although the one or the said—
ashokakosh, nom. case, although the
said—ashokano, ob. case, the one—ash-
okat, nom. case, the one—ashokato, the
said one which—ashoke—ashokia, even
that one—ashona, ob. case, the one—
ashosh, nom. case, the said one; Chisas
ashosh, Matt. 14: 27; 15: 16; tuk ashosh,
Matt. 14: 33; okla ashosh, Matt. 16: 4;
imi shilombish ashosh (also ilap shilom-
bish ashosh), his soul, Matt. 16: 26—ashot,
contracted, nom. case, the said one.
This word is sometimes written hash.
kash, kash, kosh, and chash are generally
used after verbs, but have a similar use
and meaning; ash, the, the said, Matt.
5: 24; chuka yammak ash aiihinso, beat
upon that said house; Matt. 7: 25, 27;
Lewiushi ash keyu hon? isnot . . . the
son of David? Matt. 12: 23; ano ash sia-
hoke? it is I, Matt. 14: 27; chishno ash
chiahokmat, if it be thou, Matt. 14: 28.

atsha, sing., asha, pl., v. a. i., to sit;
to reside; to continue; and often as a
substitute for the verb to be; to be
there, John 1: 48, 50; there is; he is;
she is there, etc., Matt. 14: 13; 15: 37;
17: 4; to kennel; toabide, Matt. 12: 45;
ashat toshowa, to remove from, Josh.
3: 1, 3; asht ia, to remove from, Josh.
3: 14; imansha, to have, Matt. 18: 12;
isht aNsha, v. t., to be busy about,
Luke 5: 5; iksho, neg. form; ika"sho
is not used; but iksho, iksaksho, iksam-

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 59

iksho are used; a%sha, nasal form, made
by drawing out the nasal sound of the
first vowel; having, Mark 11: 13; ansht,
contracted from a”shat, Matt. 3: 5; avsht
minti, sing., asht minti, pl., Mark 11:
12; avsht akowa, Matt. 17: 9; aiasha, pl.
and pro. form and also a compound of
the ady. of place, ai before the verb,
as aiasha, to sit there; chintail aiasha
(see Matt. 10:5); Josh. 5: 12; imansha,
he has, Matt. 13: 44. This word ansha,
with the prefix pronouns am, chim,
and im, etc., means to have; as amasha,
I have, or there is of mine, John 4: 32;
ikimiksho, neg. form, to have none;
aheka imashali, I have a debt (see
Matt. 3:5).

alsha, pp., entered.

alsha, a., extant.

atsha, n., room; sitting.

atsha kuchat, to come out; John 4: 30.

ashabi, ashahbi, n., the place to which
the mourning poles were taken and
thrown away. ‘‘ Mourning poles’’ were
several poles set at the grave or near the
house on account of the death of some
friend, beneath which friends sat and
mourned the dead.

ashabi, a., mournful; lonesome; barren;
stripped.

ashabi, v. n., to be mournful, lone-
some, or barren.

ashabichi, v. t., to render mournful,
lonesome, or barren.

ashachi, causative form of asha, v. t.
pl., to put down; to lay them down;
to deposit; to store; to leave, as a flock
of sheep; Matt. 18: 12; Josh. 2: 6;
7: 23; 8: 2,12; aiashachi, to lay them
there, or inareceptacle; hachikashacho-
kashke, ‘‘ neither cast ye,’’? Matt. 7: 6;
to gather into, Matt. 6: 26; to bestow
in, 1 Kings 10: 26.

asha*fi, n., the place where one shaves;
also a shaving; what is shaved off.

alshaka, prep., behind; in the rear;
imashaka ya", ‘behind him,’’ Matt. 9:
20; amashaka yo", behind me, Matt. 16:
23; amanshanka, behind me, Luke 4:
8; 2 Kings9: 18, 19; Josh. 8: 2, 4; chim-
anshaka, behind thee; asharkanya, going
along in the rear; mish ashankanya, be-
yond and along behind; amba apakfopat
anshaka, 2 Sam. 5: 23.

60

atshaka, y. n., to be in the rear; to be
behind.

alshaka intannap, n., the back side;
the rear.

aMshakachi, y. t., to place in the rear;
anshakachit na mihachi, to backbite;
anshakachit na mihachi, n., a backbiter,
Rom. 1: 30.

atshakba, v. a. i., to have time, or be at
leisure.

ashali, n., a vehicle.

ashalitka, adv., in haste; with haste;
hastily; quickly, Luke 2:16; shortly;
straight; immediately, Luke 4: 39;
straightway, Matt. 14: 27, 31; Mark
12: 8; ashalika i*kashofatok, imme-
diately he was cleansed of it, i. e., the
leprosy, Matt. 8: 3; anon, Matt. 13:
20; suddenly, Josh. 10: 9.

ashalitkachi, v. t., to hasten; to hurry.

ashalinchi, vy. t., to quicken.

ashalint, adv., in a short time (a con-
traction of ashalinchit).

aMshah, n., my master; my lord; rabbi,
John 3:2; sir, John 4:11; chi®shati, thy
master, 2 Sam. 24: 3.

ashana, pp., turned; twisted; locked.

ashana, v. a. i., to turn; to twist; as it
turns.

ashatapa, pp., extended; stretched;
spread, as the wings or arms.

ashatapoa, pp. pl., extended; stretched;
spread.

ashatapoli, v. a. i. pl., to extend the
arms or wings.

ashatabli, v. a. i. sing., to extend the
wings or arms; to spread the wings.

ashatablichi, v. t., to cause to extend
the arms or wings; to extend the arms
or wings of another.

ashatapa,n., afathom; the wingsspread;
the arms extended.

ashatapoa,n. pl., fathoms; wingsorarms
extended.

ashatapolichi, vy. t. caus. pl., to cause
the arms or wings to be extended; to
extend the arms or wings of another.

ashachahe keyu, a., infallible.

ashachechi, vy. t., to cause to err; to
lead astray.

ashachi, v. a. i., to go astray; to mistake;
to miss; to err; to-sin, Josh. 7: 11, 20;
2 Sam. 24: 10; to deviate; to fail; to
miscount; to offend; todo wrong; chim-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL.46

ashachi, to trespass against thee, Matt.
18:15; ashachi, pp., missing; ashanchi,
nasal form; ashahanchi, freq.; ashaiy-
achi, pro. form.

ashachi, vy. t., tomistake; to miss; to sin;
to slip; to stumble. re

ashachi, a., amiss; sinful; mistaken;
erring; inaccurate; ikashacho; ashachi
iksho, a., sinless; without sin.

ashachi, n., a sinner; a mistaker; a
blunderer; a stumbler; or nan ashachi
(q. v.).

ashachi, n., asin; a mistake; a blunder;
a debt; harm; a lapse; an offense; in
scripture, an error; a deviation; a fault;
amiss; or aiashachika (q. v.).

ashachi keyu, a., guiltless; Matt. 12: 7;
innocent (pl. in Greek testament).

ashachit anoli, v. t., to misrepresent.

ashachit anukfilli, v. t., to misjudge; to
mistake.

ashachit apesa, v. t., to misjudge.

ashachit boli, v. t., to mislay.

ashachit hochifo, v. t., to misname.

ashachit ishi, y. t., to mistake.

ashachit isht atta, v. t., to mismanage.

ashachit tosholi, v. t., to misinterpret.

ashakachi, pp. pl., locked; turned;
twisted.

ashena, pp., fastened; locked.

ashana, n., a spinning wheel; a spire.

ashanatali fabassa, n., a spindle.

ashanni, v. t., to spin on or twist on orat.

ashannichi, vy. t. sing. and pl., to lock;
to turn a key, or to cause it to lock or
turn, 2Sam. 13: 17, 18; to cause to spin
or twist on.

ashannichi, n., a spinner; a turnkey.

asheha, pp. pl., bound; tied up at the
ends and round the sides, as a packet
of letters, or as the Choctaw bind dry
skins; isht asheha ya” shoeli, Gen. 24: 32.

ashehachi, sing., tied up; bound up; isht
ashihachit taiyaha mat, 2 Sam. 20: 8.

ashekonoa, ashekonowa, pp. pl., tied
in single knots, as knots on a single
string; itashekonoa, or itashekonowa, tied
together, i. e., the two strings are tied
together and pairs of them. See
noshkobo hat nosapi ash isht ashekonowa,
his head caught hold of the oak, 2 Sam.
189:

ashekonoa, n., knots; itashekonoa, knots
made by tying two strings together.

BYINGTON]

ashekonoachi; itashekonoachi, v. t., to
snarl; to knot.

ashekonobli, ashikonobli, v. t. pl., to
tie a hard knot with a single string or
on a single string; to knot; itasheko-
nobli, to tie two strings together; ashek-
onombli, nasal form.

ashekonopa, pp. sing., tied in a single
knot; itashekonopa, tied together, as the
two strings of ashoe; ashekonumpa, tta-
shekonumpa, nasal forms.

ashekonopa, n., a knot; a noose; a tie;
itashekonopa, a knot made by tying
two strings together.

ashela, pp., thickened, as food; inspis-
sated, as mush and food of that kind.

ashela, v. a. i., to thicken.

ashela, n., mush, hasty pudding, pud-
ding; a poultice; a cataplasm; a sina-
pism; spawn.

ashela lapalechi, vy. t., to poultice; to
put on a poultice.

ashelachi, v. t., to thicken food; to make
thick; to inspissate.

asheli, v. t., to fill up or stop up fis-
sures, cracks, holes, ete.

ashelikbi, vy. t., to make mush, etc.

ashelokchi, n., water gruel; the watery
part of ashela.

ashelichi, vy. t., to bind up; to tie up
by winding round.the sides and the
ends.

ashepachechi, vy. t., to boil down till
nearly dry; to dry it.

ashepachi, pp., boiled down till nearly
dry; dried away.

ashepachi, v. a. i., to dry away.

ashikonobli, see ashekonobli.

ashinla, n., a dry place in distinction
from wet places, both existing at one
time.

ashinli (from asheli), v. t., to fill up
chinks, or small holes, cracks, or fis-
sures, with something else; kishi asheli-
li, I fill the chinks of a basket.

ashippa, pp., stewed dry; dried up at;
absorbed at.

ashippa, n., a dry place.

ashi®ya, pp., filled up; having the chinks
filled up.

ashke, aux., will or shall; of the will;
found at the end of a sentence, as

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

61

ialashke, I will go. This form: ex-
presses a strong purpose having some-
thing of the optative; compounded of
ash and ke; ef. ashba from ash and ba;
tekashke, shall be female, Gen. 6:19;
ilhpakashke, it shall be food, Gen. 6: 21.

ashke, imp., sign of the imp., and found
also at the end of an expression or sen-
tence. issatyimmashke, do thou be-
lieve me! John 4: 21; pinshati ma,
ishimpashke, ‘“‘master eat’? John 4: 31;
used for may in 2 Sam. 24: 2; ithana-
lashke, I may know; pisashke, he may
see, 2 Sam. 2: 48; let, Josh. 7: 3; ikai-
yokashke, let them not go; assertive of
the future known; shke, assertive of
the present known; ialishke, I go, em-
phatic specification; ashke, emphatic
and specific future tense; ialashke, I
shall go.

ashoboli, ashobulli, n., a flue; a chim-
ney; a funnel.

ashobolichukhbi, n., a chimney corner.

ashobolinaksika, n., a chimney corner;
the side of the chimney.

ashobolipaknaka, n., a chimney top.

asholi, n., a hod; any instrument for car-
rying on the shoulder.

asholichi, n., a rubstone.

ashua, n., a place that is rotten and
smells foul.

ashuahchi, n., a grindstone; an instru-
ment for sharpening edge tools; a
whetstone.

ashuachi, see ashuwachi.

ashuchoha, vy. i., to be tempted. See
shochoha.

ashueli, n. pl., the places where they
were taken off.

ashueli, v. t., to take them off from.

ashutfa, n., the place where it was
taken off.

ashu®fa, pp., taken off from.

ashu"ffi, v. t., to take it off from.

ashuma, vy. a. i., to mix; to mingle.

ashuma, pp., mixed; ifashuma, mingled
together.

ashuma, n., a mixture; itashwma; amix-
ture.

ashumbala, n., the cottonwood tree.

ashummi, y. t., to mix; to guide; to
mingle; itashummi, to mix together;
to mingle.

62

ashummi, n., a mixer, a mingler.

ashuwachi, ashuachi, vy. t., to cause
rottenness or a foul smell; to cause any-
thing (as meat) to smell bad; to taint.

ashwa, ashwa, a"shwa (nasal form),
y.a.i. pl, tostay there, whether stand-
ing, sitting, or lying; dual, Matt. 4: 18;
tuklo hosh ashwat kuchat minti, coming
out of, Matt. 8: 28; aha shwa, freq.,
Luke 2:6. The nasal in a®shwa ex-
presses the idea of a continued act.

ashwanchi, ashwanchi, v. a. i., to be
busy; to be engaged in some employ-
ment; itashwanchi, to be employed to-
gether or busy together; isht ashwanchi,
n., employment or busy with some-
thing; nanta isht ashwanchi? what are
they doing?

at, art., the.

at, rel. pro., as iksamatikpacho at, he is
the one who does not thank me; lipat.

atabli, v. t., to stop; tocheck (a diarrhea).

atabli, v. t. sing., to overdo; to over-
stock; to put on, lay down, bring, or
collect more than is needed or can be
disposed of; to exaggerate; to exceed;
bok sakti atabli, to overflow the banks,
Josh. 3: 15; 4: 18; atambli, nasal form;
atamblit apotuli, v. t., to superadd.

atablichi, v. t. caus., to cause to over-
flow or superabound; to cause an over-
plus; isht atablichi, v. t., to aggravate
by means of.

atablit abeli, v. t., to overcharge; to
overload, as a gun; to surcharge.

atablit apa, v.a.i., to surfeit.

atablit shapulechi, vy. t., to overload; to
overpack.

atablit tikambichi, v. t., to overdo; to
overtire.

ataha, pp., finished; completed; pro-
vided; done; tired; wornout; wearied;
ataiyaha, pro. form, concluded, Matt.
229) (ay:

ataha, n., completion; end; the close;
the termination.

ataha, v. n., to have an end, or comple-
tion; nitak nana ont ataha himma keyu, it
will never have an end.

ataha hinla, a., that which can have an
end.

ataha iksho, a., endless; immeasurable;
immense; eternal; immortal; infinite;

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL, 46

perennial; unbounded; everlasting,
Matt. 18: 8.

ataha iksho, n., immensity; infinity;
perpetuity.

atahahe iksho, a., that which will
never end; sempiternal.

atahpali, v. t., to dress; to adorn; to dress
extravagantly; ilatahpali, to dress him-
self, Luke 16: 19.

atahpalichi, v. t., to dress another with
fine clothes.

atai, n., buckeye, name of a poisonous
shrub or tree, used in killing fish; see
atai. [In the Sixtowns dialect this is
ataii.—H. S. H.]

ataioha, pp. pl., brought to the land-
ing.

ataioha, y. a.i., tocome to land; as they
land orcome to land, meaning the boats.

ataioha, n. pl., landings.

ataiohali, v, t., to bring to land, Luke
Bye iil

ataiya, ataia, ataya, v. a. i. sing., to
lean against; to land; to come to land;
to recline; to rest; to side; itataya, to
lean toward each other, spoken of the
legs of a horse that bend inward and
come near each other.

ataiya, pp., landed.

ataiya, a., recumbent.

ataiya, n., a landing.

ataiyali, v. t., to bring to land; to lean
or rest it against.

ataiyachi, v. t. caus., to lean it; to make
it rest against.

ataiyuli, n. pl., sources, fountains, of a
river or stream of water.

atak, hatak, adv., a colloquial word,
not elegant nor used in solemn style;
always so; usually; commonly; a.,
usual. It is perhaps compounded of tak
with a ha or ya prefix, as in these ex-
amples: takon at apaka yamohmi hatak,
yohmi kia apa ka yohmi tak; see tak.

atakafa, n., a dish.

atakalam iksho, a., undisturbed; unem-
barrassed; unresisted; ikataklamo, a.,
uninterrupted; unmolested; isht ikatak-
lamo, a., untroubled.

atakalama, see ataklama.

atakali, n. sing., a peg; a hook; a pin;
a nail; a gambrel (as shukha atakali);
a stem; a hanger; a hinge; a loop; a
thole.

|

BYINGTON ]

atakali, pp., hung by; suspended from;
hitched to; atakanli, Matt. 18: 6.

atakali, v. a. i., to hang by; to hang to.

atakali hilechi, v. t., to hinge; to hang.

atakalichi, v. t., to hang; to suspend; to
fasten to some fixed object, Josh. 2: 15.

atakaffi, v. t. sing., to dip out of.

atakaffi, n., adipper; one that dips from.

atakchechi, atakchichi, v. t., to tie on;
to tie to another thing; to hitch; itatak-
chechi, to tie together; to alligate; to
hook.

atakchi, v. t., to tieat; to tie to; to tie on.

atakchichechi, v. t., to tie to anything
else.

atakchichi,v. t., to lash on; to tie on; to
tie it to something. This form is
plainly explained by the word ahokchi-
chi (see Matt. 13: 25), to plant with
other seed or plants after they have
been planted.

atakla; ataklachi (see Luke 6),
from takla (q. v.), I presume, made
into a causative verb.

atakla, to be with, see John 4: 27.

ataklamma, v.a.i., toassent; Acts 24: 9.

ataklachi, in the meantime, or in the
time of absence, Luke 22: 6.

ataklama, a., officious.

ataklama, atakalama, pp. sing., hin-
dered; prevented; delayed; cumbered;
detained; disturbed; interrupted; trou-
bled.

ataklama, atakalama, v.n., to be hin-
dered or perplexed.

ataklama, atakalama, n., a hindrance;
a disturbance; an impediment; a let;
isht ataklama, a hindrance; an interrup-
tion; a nuisance; an obstacle; a plague;
a pother; trouble.

ataklammi, v. t., to hinder; to interrupt;
to oppose; to perplex; to pother; to pre-
vent; to trouble; to cumber; to delay;
to discommode; to disturb; to impede;
to incommode; to interfere.

ataklammi, n., a hinderer; an opposer.

ataklammi, n., a hindrance; an impedi-
ment; an interruption.

ataklammichi, y. t., to cause a hin-
drance; to hinder; ilataklammichi, to
hinder or trouble one’s self, Luke 10: 41;
issiataklammi chishke, thou art an offense
unto me, Matt. 16: 23.

Doe

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

63

ataklammichi, n., a hinderer; one that
causes a hindrance.

ataklamoa, pp. pl.,
vented; delayed.

ataklamoa, v. n., to be hindered, pre-
vented, or delayed.

ataklamoh, v. t. pl., to hinder; to pre-
vent; to trouble.

hindered; _ pre-

ataklamoli, n., hinderers; troublers;
plagues. :
ataklamotlichi, v. t., to cause hin-
drances.

ataklamotichi, n., hinderers; troublers,

atakli, v. t. pl., to dip out of; to dip in;
to dip from; to dip into.

ataklokami, y. t., to hinder.

atakoli, n. pl., pins; pegs; stems; nails;
hooks; gambrels.

atakoh, pp. pl., hung up.

atakoli, v. a. i., to hang on; to hang to.

atakolichi, v. t. pl., to hang them upon.

atalaia, pp. sing., placed on; set on,

atalaia, n., a shelf.

atalakchi, n., a knot.

atalakchi, pp., tied at; tied on or to;
hitched; ittatalakchi, pp., tied together;
tied to each other.

atalali, v. t., to place on.

ataloa, n., a hymn; a psalm; a song; a
canticle; a carol; an anthem; a lay;
amusic book; a note in music; an ode;
a singing book.

ataloa ikbi, n., a bard; a poet.

ataloha, pp. pl., placed on; set on; stand-
ing on.

ataloha, n. pl., shelves; a safe.

atalohmaya, n., shelves.

ataloht maya, v. a. i. pl., to sit round.

atali, v. t., to do; to provide for; to
make ready; to complete; to conclude;
to appoint for, 1 Kings 11: 18; to exe-
cute; to find; to furnish; to finish; to
fit; to gird; to perfect; to perform; to
prepare; to prosecute; to provide; to
purvey; to ripen; to settle; aiatati, to
lay up there, Matt. 6: 19, 20; datati,
v. t. ref., to provide for one’s self;
ilatali, n., providence for himself;
imatati, v. t., to purvey; to qualify; to
recruit; to satisfy; to support; to pro-
vide for him; to enable him; atanti,
nas. form, Luke 22; 8; ataanti, freq.;
ataiyati, pro. form,

64

atali, n., a provider; one that does or
makes ready; a preparer; a purveyor.

atali, n., provision; purveyance.

atampa, n., leavings; offal; orts; over-
plus; refuse; remains; remainder; a
remnant; a residue.

atampa, a., odd, as an odd one left or
remaining after any specified number;
spare; more, Matt. 5:37; 15:37; 2 Sam.
132 15,,*

atampa, nasal form of atapa (q. v.).

atampa, n., a yearling.

atapa, pp., blocked up; itatapa, blocked
up and separated from each other;
itatampa, nas. form.

atapa, n., astoppage; the place at which
anything has been separated or cut in
two.

atapachi, v. t., to block up; to obstruct;
to hinder; to fasten; isht atapachi, Vv. t.,
to stop with; to button; isht atapachi,
n., a button; a hasp; isht atapachi ikbi,
y. t., to make a barb; to barb; itatapachi,
to clasp together; to fasten together;
itatapachi, n., a clasp; see edapachi.

atapachi, n., a fastener; one that makes
fast.

atapoa, n. pl., stoppages; places at which
things are separated.

atapoli, v. t. pl. of atabli; atahpoli, a va-
riant.

ataya, isht ataya, n., descendants; pro-
geny; also isht atia and isht aiunchuloli,
Matt. 1: 1.

ata2ya, v.a.1i., tocome, Luke 3: 4; John
1: 23; to go, Josh. 10: 10.

atatya,n., away, Luke 3: 4; John 1: 23;
a conduit; atanya yatuk a®%, Josh. 4: 18;
applied to a new way, one first used,
Johnyly23:

atabli, v. t., sing., to separate at; to sun-
der at; to break off at; ataptuli, pl.

atala, sing., a shelf; ataloha, pl.

atalhpi, n., a frame in which the Choc-
taw formerly laid their young infants
and there confined them for days in
order to flatten their heads.

atalwa,n., a song; a death song sung
at funerals, pole pullings, ete.

atalwachi, n., a song; a war song sung
by the women when the men were go-
ing out to war, and in which they were
often exhorted to depend upon the sun
and fire for success.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

atana, n., a loom.

atapa, n., an overplus; an exaggeration;
excess; lateness, as to time set; the
rest; a surplus.

atapa, v.n., to bean overplus; to overgo;
to superabound; what is remaining;
atampa, nasal form; atampat anshaka,
Matt. 14, 20; ataiyapa, pro. form; atai-
yampa, pro. nasal form.

atapa, y.a.1., to act as an austere man,
Luke 19: 22; to take more than is
proper or right; atampa, nasal form,
Luke 16: 24; Matt. 14: 20.

atapa, pp., overstocked; overdone; ex-
aggerated.

atapa, a., belated; later than the proper
time; excessive; exorbitant; immoder-
ate; inordinate; intemperate; intense;
intolerable; intolerant.

atapa, adv., far; immoderately; too;
unduly.

atapa fehna, a., insufferable; late; over-
much; redundant; superfluous.

atapa ont ia, adv., late.

ataptua, n. pl., places at which things
are sundered; pieces.

ataptua, vy. a. i. pl., to separate at; to
break at; to come in two at.

ataptuli, v. t. pl., toseparate at; to break
at; to sunder at.

atashi, n.,a club; a bludgeon; a cudgel.
The stick called atashi by the Choctaw
has a part of the root at the heavy end
and is from two to three feet long; used
by boys as a throwing club.

atebli, v. a. i., to press on.

ateblichi, y. t. caus., to press on; to
make it press; to jamb; to press; to
screw; to squeeze.

ateblichi, n., a presser; one that presses.

atechi, see atelichi.

ateli, n. sing., source; fountain; rise;
head of a stream; ataiyali, ataioli, pl.,
sources, heads.

atela, see atila.

atelachi, pp., hewed on both sides; iti
atelachi, hewed on two or four sides.

ateli, v. t., to compact.

atetichi, atelichi, atechi, y. t., to com-
pact; to ram down; to ram in; to push
in; to ram; to compress; to cram; to
crowd; to squeeze; attia, pp., squeezed;
atinlichi, nasal form; atetichi, n., com-
pression; atehkachi, pass.

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY

atelifa, atitifa, v. a. i., to crowd; to
press, Luke 5:1; to stand in a crowd, as
a multitude of people.

atelifa, pp., crowded; pressed;
Mark 3: 9.

atelifichi, v. t.,to throng; to crowd, Luke
8: 45.

atepa, pp., screwed.

atepa, n., a tent.

atepuli, v. t., to make a camp with a
shelter or covering, whether made of
bark, wood, cloth, or grass; to tent.

atia, n., a way; an alley; an avenue; a
passage; a track; a row; an access; an
exit; an orbit; a pathway; a road.

atia, v.a.i., to travel a road for the first
time; hashatia keyu chatuk, Josh. 2: 16;
hashatia hetuk, Josh. 3:4; to go up,
Josh. 12: 7; see atarya.

atia, v. t., to obey; to follow; to serve,
Josh. 5: 6; antia, nasal form and the
one most used, with a prefixed pro.
am, chim, im, etc.; imantia, to obey him;
ishimantia, you obey him; itksaman-
tioshke, he does not obey me; isht atia,
v.a.i., to rise from; to descend from,
as a race of beings; is/it atiaka, n., seed;
progeny, 1 Kings 11: 14.

atiballi, a., greedy; gluttonous.

atiballi, v.n., to be greedy; to be glut-
tonous.

atiha, n., a place that has been plucked,
or where anything has been pulled up
by the roots.

atikeli, n., a rack.

atikkonofa, v. a.i., to be near to; to ap-
proach, Josh. 3: 4; 8:5; to be narrow,
Josh. 17: 15.

atila, atela,n., a place hewed or blazed;
a mark on a tree made by hewing off
the bark.

atila, pp., cut; hewed.

atilichi, y. t., to hew; iti a” atitichi, to
hew the wood; to cut the wood.

atilichi, n., a hewer.

atilifa, see atelifa.

atiwa, atua, n., an opening; a gap;
an aperture; a breach; a break.

ato, art., the one, as for the; the sign of
the distinctive article pronoun in the
conjunctive form, as ano is of the dis-
junctive form. This form is more dis-
tinctive than at and at. It is also writ-
ten hato, yato, ato, hato, and yato (q. v.).

84339° —Bull. 46—15——_5

neg.

OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

65

ato, rel. pro., used after verbs, the one
which or who, as for the one which.

atoba, v. a. i., to make of or from; to
be begotten of; Chisas at atobat attatuk,
Matt. 1: 16; chiatoba, Matt. 2: 5, 6;
isht atoba, to increase by means of.

atoba, n., the place where anything was
made, formed, grew, ripened, or came
into being; a germ. The word has a
general meaning and is formed from a,
place where, and toba, to be made, to
become.

atobachi, atobachi, y. t., to raise up
at; to make; to cause to become; to
cause to supply the place of another;
to cause to fill the place of another,
Luke 20: 28; itatobachi, y. t., to com-
mute; to fill each other’s places.

atobahpi, n., beginning; first formation;
ahpi first, toba made, a at.

atobba hinla, a., responsible; reward-
able.

atobbi, v: t:, to) pay, Matt, 5:26: to
recompense; to reward, Matt. 6: 4, 18;
to atone; to avenge; to revenge; to
retaliate; to liquidate; to render an
equivalent; to compensate; to defray;
to disburse; to expiate; to fee; to give;
to quit; to redress; to remunerate; to
repay; to requite; to respond; to retri-
bute; to return; to satisfy; to toll;
isht atobba hinla, to give in exchange
for, Matt. 16: 26; isht imatobbi, to re-
ward him, Matt. 16, 27; alhtoba, pp.,
paid; akchialhtoba, v. a. 1., let me take
your place; datobbi, y. ref., to revenge
himself; idatomba, to save for himself.

atobbi, n., a payer; a rewarder; a re-
venger; anavenger; adefrayer; a pay-
master.

atobbi, n., a payment; remuneration.

atobbichi, y. t., to change; to replace;
to cause to pay; to exact; to put in
place of, Josh. 5: 7; to place instead of;
itatobbichi, v. t., to reverse; to invert;
to exchange.

atobbichi, n., an exactor.

atobbichi hilechi, v. t., to pawn.

atobbit foka, v. t., to shift a garment;
to change, as clothes.

atohchi, n., a shot bag; a shot pouch; a
pouch.

atohni, v. t., to watch; see atoni.

66

atohnichi, v. t., to set on; to halloo, as
in setting on the dogs; to cause to bay.

atohno, atonho, vy. t., to hire; to em-
ploy; to engage; to warn, Matt. 2: 22;
to send; to give charge of, Matt. 4: 6;
atohonnokma, when he sends forth, Matt.
13: 41; pit atohno, to send, ihtono, pp.
By some atohno is pronounced atoto,
and they say atolohinchi, used for par-
ents to urge them to send their children
to school.

atohno, n., a hirer.

atohnuchi, atohnochi, y. t. caus., to
authorize another to act; to engage an-
other; to prompt; to put up to; atohno-
honchi, freq., Matt. 26: 19; pit atohnochi,
Velbs, wooreler,

atohnuchi, n., an employer; a prompter.

atohwakali, n., the firmament.

atohwali, n., an opening.

atohwikalitka, n., the place of light.

atohwikeli, n., light. See tohwikeli.

atohwikinli, nasal form, light, John 3:
19, 20.

atok, often written tok; sign of the re-
mote past tense, and may be rendered
so as to correspond with the preterit
tenses in English, was, has, had.
The a before tok may be a word by
itself. See a. But by entering the
word atok here some assistance may
be obtained on the subject. Atok and
atuk follow hesometimes. Chi?mak atok
oke, that is what it was to be, Matt.
9: 138. Compounds:—atokan, 1 Kings
11: 4, 6—atokakon—atokakosh—atokano
—atokato— atokinli —atokkia—atokma—
atokmako; ano pulla hatukmakon, ‘‘for
my sake,’’ Matt. 10: 18—atokmakocha—
atokmakona— atokmakosh—atokmakot—
atokmano—atokmai — atokmato—atokoa-
ka—atokoka— atokoke—atokokia—atok-
okano— atokokat-—atokokato—atokona—
atokosh—atokot—atokat—atokato.

atokko, see atukko.

atokoa, a., definite.

atokoa, atokowa, y. t., to testify; to
declare; to take out; to select, Josh.
Soles

atokolechi, y. t., to choose; to select,
John 6:70; to bear testimony, Mat. 10:
18,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 46

atokoli, atokuli, atokkoli, y. t., to
point out; to state; to particularize; to
appoint; to authorize; to empower; to
choose, 2 Sam. 24: 12; Luke 6: 13; 1
Kings 11: 13; to commission; to define;
to delegate; to depute; to elect; to nom-
inate; to ordain; to send; to vote; to
warrant; to take out of, Josh. 3: 12; 4:
2; 8: 3; mihio atokoli, to identify ; atokonli
nasal form; i/atokoli, to choose for him-
self, Josh. 20: 2.

atokoli, n., one that points; a testifier; a
chooser; an elector; a voter.

atokoli, n., a choice; an ordination.

atokolit halalli, v. t., to anoint; to do,
Luke 4: 18.

atokot pisa, y. t., to eye; alhtuka, pp.

atokowa, see atokoa.

atokowa, pp., pointed out; proved; fast-
ened, as the eyes on an object, Luke
4: 20; itatokoa, Gen. 45: 15; delegated;
deputed; sent; nominated; ordained;
mihio atokowa, identified.

atokowa, n., a declaration.

atoksala hinla, a., tillable.

atoksali, n., work, John 4: 38; employ-
ment; a field; a shop; ikatoksalo, a.,
uncultivated.

atoksali chuka, n., a workhouse; a
working house; a workshop.

atokuli, see atokoli.

atokulit aiyua, vy. t., to choose; to pick
out.

atokulit ishi, v. t., to choose; to pick; to
select; mirko atokuli, to choose a chief.

atoli, n., a ball ground.

atoma,atuma, ady. of doubt, in interro-
gations; okcha"ya chatuk atuma, Deut.
5: 26.

atonho, atohno, v. t., to hire; to engage.

atonho, n., a hirer.

atonhuchi, atohnuchi, v. t., to authorize
another; to empower; to engage an-
other.

atoni, atohni, v. t., to watch; to guard;
to keep in _safety, Josh. 10: 18; 1
Sam. 2:9; Gen. 2: 15; to attend the
bride or groom at weddings, 2 Kings 9:
14; ohoyo atoni, hatak atoni.

atoni, n., a watch; a guard; a sentinel.

atoni hikia, n., a sentinel.

atoni hioli, n. pl., sentinels.

atonli, nasal form; from atulli, to hop.

BYINGTON]

atonli, n., a hop.

atonli, n., a hopper.

atonoli, y. a. i., to roll in.

atonolichi, atononchi, v. t., to roll in.

atosh, see hatosh.

atoshafa, n., the place where anything
has been cut off or sliced off, as meat
or bread.

atoshba, adv., not; written also hatoshba
(q. v.) and yatoshba.

atoshke, adv., probably; see hatoshke.

attia, pp., compacted; pressed down in;
compressed.

atua, atiwa, n., a gap; an opening; an
entrance through an enclosure, fence,
ete.

atuchina, a., third; the ordinal of three;
ont atuchina, ady., thirdly; nitak ont
atuchinakma, the third day; Matt.
16: 21.

atuchina, y. n., to be the third.

atuchinaha, ady., three times; thrice.

atuchinanchi, y. t., to repeat three
times; to do anything the third time;
atuchinanchit.

atuk, sign of the immediate past tense,
did; was; has; had; has been; had been;
sometimes written hatuk and yatuk; see
atok. Thisis a compound word from
the particle @ and tuk, ‘‘which was and
is still’’; the a is the definite article,
tuk sign of the past tense, ‘‘was the.’’
Compounds: atuka, them that, John

2: 16—atukako — atukakocha — atuka-

kona — atukakosh — atukakot — atuk-
ano—atukash, Judges 7: 15—atukato—
atukat; ikanumpolo atukat, the dumb;
atuk means state of, have been and are;
hanali okpulo atukat, the lame, i. e.,
their state, condition—atukato—atukin-
li—atukkia—atukma, the, when that is
the state of (any thing), when it has be-
come thus, which was and is then; ma,
then, Matt. 18: 17; as a conj., Judg.
7: 14.—atukmak, atukmakhe, atukmak-
het, -atukmakheno, atukmakheto, especi-
ally, in particular that one, those,
etc.; this is a comparative particle, and
to the disadvantage of the person or
thing compared with another—atuk-
makon, hatukmakon, for, Matt. 14: 9—
atukmakosh — atukmakot — atukmano —
atukmat; yammak atukmat, he, Matt.
18: 17—atukmato, atukon, then in past

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

67

time, which having been (a which,
on having, tuk been and brought), Matt.
1: 2; atukon yakohmi, and then it came
to pass, Matt. 7:28. This is used asa
contradistinetive conjunction — atuko-
cha — atukoka — atukokano — atukokat—
atukokato — atukoke — atukokia — atuk-
ona—atukosh, then, John 2: 10; then
in past time; when he; and he, Matt.
7:1 [2]; atuk osh Chisas at, Matt. 8: 5;
Saimon atukosh? Simon who is, ete.,
Matt. 10: 2; osh is contradistinctive, the
Simon who has been and is called
Peter; this distinguishes him from
other men named Simon, Matt. 17: 27;
18: 13—atukot.

atukko, atokko, v.a.i., v. t., to take
refuge; to shelter; to take shelter; to
harbor; v. t., to protect; chuka atukko, itt
atukko; atokko achukma keyu, a., inse-
cure.

atukko, n., a haven; a retreat; protec-
tion.

atukkochechi, v. t., to screen; to shelter.

atukkuchi, y. t., to shelter; to protect
others; to shield.

atukkuchi, n., a screen.

atukla, a., second; next.

atukla, adv., next; ont atukla,
secondly.

atukla, v. n.,to be the second; to bea
second; nanta hosh atukla wa.

atutkla, pp. nasal form, repeated.

atuklaha, adv., twice.

atuklanchi, v.t., to repeat; to do again;
to react; atuklahanchi, freq.; atukla-
hanchit.

atuklanchi, n., a repetition.

atuklant, ady., second time; again.

atuklant achi, v. a. 1., to speak again;
to repeat.

atuklant aiskia, pp., revised; corrected
again. .

atuklant aiskiachi, v. t., to revise.

atuklant akmi, pp., recast; molded
anew.

atuklant akmichi, v. t., to recast; to
mold anew.

atuklant atichi, vy. t., to reassure.

atuklant anoli, v. t., to tell it again; to
repeat.

atuklant anukfilli, v. t., to reconsider.

atuklant apesa, v. t., to revoke; to re-
call.

adv.,

68

atuklant atokoli, v. t., to reappoint; to
rechoose; to choose a second time; to
reelect.

atuklant alhtuka, pp., rechosen.

atuklant chukoa, v. a. i., to reenter; to
enter anew, or a second time.

atuklant fimmi, vy. t., to resow.

atuklant haiaka, v. a. i., to reappear.

atuklant haiaka, pp., found again; dis-
covered a second time.

atuklant haklo, v. t., to rehear; to hear
a second time.

atuklant hilechi, v. t., to reestablish.

atuklant hobachi, v. a. i., to reecho.

atuklant hokli, v. t., to reseize.

atuklant hoyo, v. t., to recall; to calla
second time.

atuklant ikbi, v. t., to rebuild; to re-
make; to re-edify; to regenerate; to re-
new; to reorganize.

atuklant ikbi, n., regeneration.

atuklant imatali, v. t., to recruit.

atuklant imalhtaha, pp., recruited.

atuklant ishi, v. t., to reassume; to re-
take; to regain.

atuklant isht ia, v. t., to recommence;
to resume; to begin again; to renew.

atuklant isht ilaiyukpa, v. t., to reen-
joy; to enjoy a second time.

atuklant itauaya, pp., remarried.

atuklant itauaya, v. t., to remarry, as
the parties marry each other.

atuklant itauayachi, v. t., to remarry,
as an officer marries others.

atuklant itannaha, vy. a. i., to reassem-
ble.

atuklant itannaha, pp., reassembled.

atuklant itannatli, v. t., to reassemble;
to re-collect; to rally.

atuklant topuli, v. a. 1., v. t., to repass.

atuklant miha, v. t., to rehearse; to re-
peat.

atuklant oia, v. a. i., to reascend.

atuklant okchaya, v. n., to relive; to
live again.

atuklant oti, v. t., to rekindle.

atuklant pila, v. t., to recast; to resend.

atuklant pisa, v. t., to reexamine; to
revise.

atuklant poloma, pp.,
doubled a second time.

atuklant poltomi, vy. t., to redouble; to
double a second time.

redoubled;

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

atuklant toba, pp., a regenerate; re-
generated; made again; renewed.

atuklant ulhti, pp., rekindled.

atuklant yammichi, y. t., to react.

atuklant yammiht pisa, n., to re-
attempt.

atuklonchi, and; see Matt. 2: 13.

atuktakafa, v.a.i., to jest; to joke.

atuktakafa, a., jocose.

atuktakafa, n., a joke; idle talk.

atuko, ady., not; also spoken hatuko,
yatuko.

atukonofa, atikkonofa, vy. a. i., to ap-
proach near on both sides, Luke 22: 47.
Possibly this is a compound word.

atukonofa, pp., pressed on both sides.

atukosh, ady., not, not to.

atulli, v. a. i., to hop.

atuma, see atoma.

atush, hatush, yatush. Sinti yatush,
Satan, Scrip. Biog., p. 31.

atushali, pl., to hew, Josh. 8: 31; ap-
plied to stones; see tushati.

atu4shpa, pp., hastened; hurried.

atu4shpa, v. a. i., to hurry; to hasten.

atu%shpalechi, vy. t., to press; atushpa-
lihinchilitok, ‘‘I compelled them,”
Acts 26: 11.

atushpachi, y. t., to hasten; to hurry.

atuya, n., a ladder; stairs; a flight of
stairs; steps; 1 Kings, 10: 19; astyle;
arundle; Samson’s post; a scale; a
stair; a stepping stone.

au, a diphthong, having the sound of ow
in now.

aua, auah, a word used in counting the
numbers between ten and nineteen,
having the sense of and, or with, as ten
and one, 11; ten and two, 12; pokoli
auahchafa, ten and one, eleven, but the
word pokoli is usually omitted.

auah achafa, a., eleven, 11, xi.

auah achafa, v. n., to be eleven, as
auah achafa yoke, there are eleven.

auah achafa, v. a. i., to be eleven, or
to make 11; as hashauah achafa, you
make eleven; you are eleven.

auah hannali, a., sixteen, 16, xvi.

auah hannali, y. n., to be sixteen.

auah hannali, v. a. i., to make sixteen,
as ilauah hannali.

auah huntuchina, a., eighteen, 18, xviii.

auah huntuchina, v. n., to be eighteen.

BYINGTON]

auah huntuchina, v. a. i., to make
eighteen.

auah huntuklo, a., seventeen, 17, xvii.

auah huntuklo, v. n., to be seventeen.

auah huntuklo, v. a. i., to make seven-
teen; as ilawah huntuklo.

auah hushta, auahtshta, n., fourteen,
14, xiv, Matt. 1: 17.

auah hushta, v. n., to be fourteen.

auah hushta, auahushta, v. a. i., to
make fourteen; as ilawahhushta, Josh.
5: 10.

auah tatapi, a., fifteen, 15, xv.

auah talapi, v. n., to be fifteen.

auah talapi, v. a. i., to make fifteen; as
ilawahtatapi.

auah tuchina, a., thirteen, 13, xiii.

auah tuchina, y. n., to be thirteen.

auah tuchina, v. a.i., to be thirteen, or
to make thirteen; i/awah tuchina.

auah tuklo, a., twelve, 12, xii, a dozen,
Matt. 14: 20; Josh. 4: 2.

auah tuklo, n., a dozen.

auah tuklo, v.n., to be twelve.

auah tuklo, v. a. i., to be twelve; to
make twelve.

auah tuklo bat auah tuklo, n., a gross,
144; lit. twelve times twelve.

auahsholichi, vy. t., to make one dream.

auahushta, see auah hushta.

auanapa, pp. sing., passed over; put over;
gone over or by.

auanapoa, pp. pl., passed over; put over;
gone over or by.

auanapoli, auanopoli, vy. a. i. pl., to
pass over; to go over; auanabli, sing.;
see tanapoli.

auanapolichi, vy. t. pl., to put over; to
throw over; to cause to go over; aua-
nablichi, sing.

auanabli, v. a. i., to pass over; see tanabli,
abanabli.

auanablichi, vy. t., to put over.

auant, see awant.

auatsa, v.a.i., to chew acud; or hoparsa,
howatsa (q. v.).

auasholechi, vy. t. caus. (an old word), to
make one dream. ‘

auata, v. a. i., to appear; to come out;
to expand; to spread; to extend; i-
auata, to spread out one’s self; to be
proud.

auata, a., wide; broad.

auata, pp., expanded; extended.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

69
°

auata, n., breadth; width; extent, Hx.
26: 2.

auatali, v. a. i., to stand crooked, as in
a half moon or circle.

auatali, n., a bent line, like the appear-
ance of the new moon.

auataya, comp. verb, to be spread and
stretched out over something wide as
well as long, hence applied to the firm-
ament; [earlier and less correct mean-
ings obtained] to go along with, to
accompany; Shutik at aba moma ka
auatanyakma, Sp. Book, page 18, 5th
edition. See auata.

auatachi, y. t., to expand; to spread; to
extend.

auatalli, v. t., to extend in a line.

auaya, v. t. (a compound word from
auah and atya), to have in marriage; to
wed; to marry, fem. gen. This word
is used when it is said that a woman
marries, but itauaya when a man mar-
ries, or when it is the act of both; 7k-
itauayo, neg., not married; single.

auaya, pp., a., married, fem. gen.,
Mark 10: 12.

auaya, n., a woman that marries; the
marriage state; ikauayo, n., celibacy;
ikauayo, a., unmarried.

auaya, v.t., v.a.i., tomarry (fem. gen.);
ttauaya nitak, n., a wedding day; it-
auayda, pp., married; matched; mated;
espoused; ikitawayo, a., unmarried;
single; itauayachi, v.t., to marry; to
mate; to settle; n., matri-
mony; nuptials; a match; a settlement;
wedlock; itauaya ahalaia, a., nuptial;
itauaya ipetachi, n., a wedding feast;
itauaya, Vv. a. i., v. t., to cohabit; to
marry, Matt. 5: 32; to couple; to have
each other, or to have her; to settle; to
wed, Matt. 14: 4; to join; itauaya, a.,
pp., married, mas. gen. and com. gen.;
wedded; itawaya ona, a., pp., marriage-
able.

auaya alhpesa, a., marriageable.

auaya ona, a., marriageable.

auayachi, v. t. caus., to marry a woman
to a man; to join; tauayachi, v. t., to
marry; to cause to marry, the act of an
officer or minister, etc.; to joinin wed-
lock.

auashli, y. t., to fry; to cook in a frying
pan, as meat is cooked; to parch; to

itauaya,

70 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

burn, as coffee is burnt for grinding and
use; to poach; to toast; alwasha, pass.,
aialwasha, a place for frying, 2 Sam.
IS 9:

auechi, v. t. caus., (see echt); to send it
this way; to send it toward the speaker
by the hand of another; to cause it to
come this way—not to the speaker but
toward him; to transmit toward (the
speaker); isht auechi, v. t., to send this
way; to bring this way; isht auehin-
chi, freq.; auehinchi, freq., John 5: 23.

aueli; i/aueli, to take along with him,
Matt. 4: 8.

auet, a ‘‘directive particle’’ before verbs
indicating the direction of an action
toward the speaker; auet a®hopakishke,
is far from me; auet i”hopaki, a good
way off, Matt. 8: 30.

auet, awet (cont. of auechit), adv., this
way; toward—but always toward the
speaker, never from; pit means the
opposite of auet, Matt. 3: 17; 10: 40;
17:5; Rey. 14:13; Josh. 4: 16, 17, 18,19.
et (q. v.) and auet have different mean-
ings. ef means toward the speaker;
auet, quite to him, as haksobish et weli
cha imanumpa auet haklo; auet is the
prolonged form; ¢ is a connective as
with other words.

aume, exclam., well! indeed! O!

auola, y.a.i., to refrain; to stop; to hold
up; to cease, as the rain ceases, holds
up, stops, etc.

auola, n., a cessation; a holding up.

auolachi, y. t. caus., to cause the rain
to cease.

auts, ou4s, n., an ounce; ou”s awahtuklok-
mat weki achafa, troy weight; ous awah
hanalikmat weki achafa, avoirdupois
weight.

awa, wa, ady., can not; shall not; will
not; John 2: 4 [?].

awalakachechi, awalakachechi, v. t.,
to plait; to pucker; to ruffle.

awalakachechi, n., a plaiter.

awalakachi, awalakachi, n., a frill; a
fringe; a plait; a pucker; a ruffle; gath-
ers.

awalakachi, awalakachi, pp.,a.,ruffled;
plaited; puckered.

awatalli, n., a boiler.

awatalli iskitini, n.,
small boiler.

a saucepan; a

(BULL. 46

awant, auant, awat (from au+aya),
prep., with; along with; to go with; to
accompany, Josh. 1: 5, 9; 3: 7; 7: 12;
Luke 1: 56; Matt. 5: 41.

awashoha, n., a scene; a place for play;
a playground.

awat, see awant.

awaya, n., product; crop.

awaya achukma, a., rich; fertile.

awaya achukma, n., richness; fertility.

awaya fehna, a., productive; fruitful.

awet, see auet.

awiachi, vy. a.i., to hover over to get food;
to swarm; sheki at isubilli awiachi, to
hover in swarms over the dead horse;
foebilishke at awiachi; foebilishke at tansh
hinak awiachi, the bees come round the
corn tassels in quest of something to eat.

awiachi, n.,a swarm.

awiha, n.,a ecenea place; a place fou
which persons have removed.

awokokonlichi, n., a place rooted up by
swine.

awokokonlichi, vy. t. pl.,
swine.

alla, aiya, v. a. i., to go; totravel; to go
along ; to move along; to pace; to pass;
to shoot, as an arrow; to stir; to strike;
to sweep; to tend; to waft; to depart;
Luke 2: 29; Matt. 5: 17; 10: 34; 11: 18;
Josh 1: 5; 3: 7; to come, John 1: 31; to
pass in any manner (Josh. 3: 4) or to
any end, as to fly, to sail, etc.; imaya
(from imand a%ya united ) alsoimayachi,
imaiya, and imaiyachi (the spelling va-
ries), Matt. 10: 24; isht anya, v. t., to
take along; to carry; to conduct; to
drive; to lead, Luke 4: 1; to govern;
to sail; to treat; to fare; to fly; to run;
shat anya, to convey; achukmat ishan-
yashke, farewell.

atya, pp., passing; chisht atya, Matt. 4: 6.

alya,n.,a mover, sojourner, traveler, or
one that moves along; a passenger; a
stirrer; kanima yor chik arya kia,
whithersoever thou goest, Matt. 8: 19;
imanya, v. t., to visit him, her, 1 Sam.
2. 245

alya, n.,a going
pace; eure.

atya, n., a flock; a herd; chukfalhpoa
arya kaniohmi, micha wak arya kanioh-
mi, 1 Sam. 30: 20.

atya achafa,n., a flock; a company, 2
Kings 9: 17; a herd.

to root, as

g; a motion; a passage; a

BYINGTON]

a2ya, hinla, a., passable.

ayaiya, n., lamentation, Matt. 2: 18;
place of weeping.

ayaka,a., many; ikaiako, not many; not
much.

ayakohmi, aiyakohmi, n.,a deed; some-
thing done, or things done, John 1: 28;
22 12.

ayakohmi, aiyakohmi, v. n., to take
place or transpire at.

ayakohmichi, v. t., to do something.

ayamaska, n., a kneading trough.

ayamasli, v. t., to knead in; to mix in;
to make mortar there or in.

ayanalli, n., a channel for water to
flow in; a tube; a pipe.

ayataia, aiyataia, n., a landing place; a
resting place; a landing.

ayamihchiy, v. t., to do, John 2: 11; 3: 2.

ayehchi, see aiehchi.

ayimmi, v. t., to believe in, John 1: 7.

ayoah, see aiyoa.

ayofanichih, v. t., to make motions—in
trying to commit sodomy.

ayuka, pro., each.

ayukali, aiyukali, pro., each one; aiyu-
kali, adv., apiece.

ayukpa, a., pleased; isht ayukpa, v.n., to
be pleased with.

ayukpa, n., joy, Acts 8: 8.

ayupi, aiyupi, n., a bath; a place in
which to bathe or wallow, whether in
sand or mud, by man, beast, or fowl; a
pool.

a, a locative particle preceding words;
akanalli,atakchichi, akallo,akallih,ahpota;

-a is often used with such words; a

means place; 4, at, to, in.

aba, a., high; heavenly; divine; celes-
tial.

tage v.n., to be up; to be heavenly; amba,
ete.

aba, ady., up; on high; aloft; heavenly,
John 3: 14.

aba, n., the upper regions; heaven, Luke
Bo Zils Oia Be Ae Wein (ye ae WBS YA
aba akon, the air; aba hushi puta kat, the
birds of the air, Matt. 8: 20; aba apeli-
chika, kingdom of heaven, Matt. 13: 44.

aba aholitopa, n., heaven above, Josh.
23 Vl;

aba aiachukmaka, n.,
happy place above.

heaven; the

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

vl.

aba aianumpuli, n., a preaching place;
a pulpit.

aba anumpa, abanumpa, n., the gos-
pel, Matt. 11: 5; the Scriptures; the
word from heaven; Christianity; re-
ligion; faith, i.e., the object of faith;
light; revelation; theology.

aba anumpa ahalaia keyu, a., unchris-
tian.

aba anumpa ahni, v. t., to desire the
gospel; to be anxious on the subject of
religion.

aba anumpa ahni, n., a serious person.

aba anumpa aiisht atta, n., a meeting
house; a preaching place.

aba anumpa anumpa, n., a sermon.

aba anumpa apiha at illi, n., martyr-
dom.

aba anumpa i"filammi, n., apostasy.

aba anumpa ikhana, n., Christians;
Christianity.

aba anumpa ikithano, n., heathens;
heathenism.

aba anumpa ikyimmo, n., infidelity.

aba anumpa ikyimmo, n., a deist; an
infidel.

aba anumpa issa, vy. a. i., to apostatize;
to fall away.

aba anumpa issa, n., an apostate.

aba anumpa issat falama, v. a. i., to
backslide.

aba anumpa. issat falama, n., a back-
slider.

aba anumpa isht aianumpuli, n., a
tabernacle.

abaanumpa ishtanumpuli, abaanum-
pa isht holissochi, v. t., to sermonize;
to preach; n., a preacher; a sermonizer.

aba anumpa isht atta, n., to preach the
gospel; to serve in the gospel.

aba anumpa isht atta, n., a preacher;
a clergyman; a clerk; a divine; an
evangelist; a priest.

aba anumpa isht atta aliha, n., the
clergy; the ministers of religion.

aba anumpa isht atta imalhtayak,
aba anumpa isht atta aliha, n.,
priesthood.

aba anumpa isht ika, n., a homily.

aba anumpa ithana, n., a theologian.

aba anumpa ithananchi, v. t., to gospel;
to make the gospel known; to evan-
gelize.

72

aba anumpa nukfoka, a., serious; de-
yout; religious.

aba anumpa nukfoka, v. n., to be
serious, devout, ete.

aba anumpa nukfoka aiati, a., pious;
truly pious.

aba anumpa nukfokichi, vy. t., to evan-
gelize.

aba anumpa taloa, n., church music;
sacred music.

aba anumpa tosholi, n., an evangelist.

aba anumpa yimmi, v. t., to believe
the gospel.

aba anumpa yimmi, n., a professor of or
a believer in the gospel.

aba anumpa yimmi, a., orthodox; re-
ligious; aba anumpa ikyimmo, n., an
infidel; scepticism.

aba anumpa yimmi aiali, a., pious.

aba anumpa yimmi keyu, a., irrelig-
ious; not orthodox; heterodox.

aba anumpeshi, abanumpeshi, aba-
numpeshi ammona, n., an apostle.

aba anumpuli, v. t., to preach; to pray;
to talk up; to talk about religion,

aba anumpuli, abanumpuli, n., a
preacher; a praying person; a Chris-
tian; a professor of religion; a mis-
sionary; a chaplain; a minister.

aba anumpuli aia"hi, a., godly.

aba anumpuli ah, n., a true Christian.

aba anumpuli apistikeli, n., a pastor;
a bishop.

aba anumpuli aliha, n., the church;
all Christians; the church in general.

aba anumpuli ibafoka, vy. a. 1., to join
a church; to profess religion.

aba anumpuli ibafoka, pp., united to
the church.

aba anumpuli ibafoki, v. t., to give up
to the church; to join to the church.

aba anumpuli ikbi, v. t., to christian-
ize; to make Christians; to convert.

aba anumpuli iksa, n., a church; the
church; a Christian sect or denomina-
tion.

aba anumpuli iksa ibafoka, n., a
church member.

aba anumpuli iksa kucha, vy. a. i., to
leave a church.

aba anumpuli iksa kucha, pp., excom-
municated.

aba anumpuli iksa kuchi, v. t., to ex-
communicate; to unchurch,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BuLn, 46

aba anumpuli iksa nana ishtimashwa
aliha, n., Presbytery.

aba anumpuli iksa nana isht imatta,
n., a Presbyter.

aba anumpuli ilahobbi, n., a professed
Christian; a pretended Christian; a
hypocrite.

aba anumpuli kobafa, n., an apostate;
a broken Christian.

aba anumpuli kucha, n., an excom-
municated person.

aba anumpuli pelicheka alhtoka, n.,
a parson.

aba anumpuli toba, n., a convert.

aba anumpuli toba, v. a.i., to become
a Christian.

aba anumpuli toba, n., conversion.

aba apelichika, n., the kingdom of
heaven, Matt. 8: 11; 11: 11, 12; 16: 19.

aba a®ya, v. a.i., to waft.

aba chakali, v. a. i. (from aba and acha-
kali), to lift up the head; to lift up the
eyes, John 4: 35; Matt.17: 8; Luke 19:
5; Josh. 5: 13; aba pit aba chakalimat,
when he had looked up to heaven,
Matt. 14: 19.

aba hatak, n., an angel; an inhabitant
of heaven; a seraph.

aba holitopa, n., a holy one.

aba ia, abia, v. a.i., toascend; to go up;
to rise; to go to heaven.

Aba itki, n., God.

Aba itki imantia, a., godly; one who
obeys God.

Aba iki imasilhha shah, a., prayerful.

aba imma, abema, ady., upward; high.

aba isht aholitobli, v. t., to worship,
John 4: 20, 24.

aba isht aianumpa chuka, n., a syna-
gogue, Matt. 10: 17.

aba isht aiokpachi, n., sacrifice, Matt.
9:13; 12: 7; a gift, Matt. 15: 5; tribute
for the service of the temple, Matt.
17: 24.

abaisht anumpa,n., a sermon; a reli-
gious discourse; a lecture; a discourse.

aba isht anumpuli, v. t., to preach; to
pray for, Matt. 5: 44.

aba isht anumpuli, n., a preacher.

aba isht a®ya, v. t., to waft.

aba isht holitobli, n., a worshiper.

aba isht ia, v. t., to hoist; to lift; to
mount; to raise; to carry up; to rear;
to weigh.

BYINGTON]

aba isht ikahobalo,vy.t., to blaspheme.

aba isht ikahobalo, n., a blasphemer.

aba isht ona, v. t., to take on high; to
carry to heaven.

aba iti patalhpo, n., a chamber.

aba mi®ko, n., the king of heaven;
the heavenly king.

aba minti, v. a. i, to descend from
heaven.

aba patalhpo, n., an upper floor; a
chamber floor.

Aba pi"ki, n., God; our Father in heaven;
Providence; Divine Providence.

aba pila, v.t., to heave; to throw up; to
toss.

aba pila, n., a toss; a heaver.

aba pila, adv., upward.

aba pilla, ady., upward; on high; away
up; farup; heavenward; to heaven; in
heaven.

aba pit anumpuli, v.t., to pray; to
speak toward heaven, Matt. 17: 21.

aba shilombish, n., an angel; a spirit
of heaven.

aba shutik, n., heaven, Matt. 5: 34; 1
Sam. 2: 10.

aba takali, v.a.i., to hang up; to depend.

aba takali, pp., hung up; suspended;
lifted up; a., dependent.

aba takalichi,.v. t., to heave; to hang
up; to lift up, John 3: 14; to uplift.

aba taloa,n.,a hymn; a psalm; asacred
song.

aba tala, n., a mantel piece; a shelf; a
scaffold; a scaffolding; see tala, from
talali, to set or place.

aba tala boli, v. t., to scaffold; to put on
a scaffold.

aba tala ikhi, v. t., to scaffold; to make
a scaffold.

aba topa, n., an altar.

aba yakni, n., heaven, Matt. 6: 20; 18: 10.

aba yakni aholitopa, aba yakni nan
isht ilaiyukpa,n., glory; the felicity of
heaven prepared forthe children of God.

aba yakni pila, ady., heavenward.

abai anumpuli chuka, n., a temple,
Luke 2: 27; achurch; ameeting house.

abana, v. a. i., to lie across; to rise; aba-
naya, abanaiya, pro. form.

abana, pp., laid across.

abana, n., that which lies across.

abanali, abanoli, v. t. sing., to lay across;
to lay over or on; to put on, as a yoke;
bahta ya abanoli, to lay a bag on.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

73

abanapoa, pp. pl., passed over; put over.
abanapolechi, v. t., to put over; to cause
to go over, or pass Over.
abanapoli, v. a. i., to pass over.
abanabli, auanabli, tanabli, v. t. sing.,
to pass over; to leap over; to go over;
to run over; to get over; to overreach;
to superabound; to go past the time; to
jump; to leap; to overflow; to overgo;
“to overrun; to pass; to surmount; to
transcend; to transgress.
abanablichi, vy. t., to cause to go over;
to put over; to defer; to adjourn; to pro-
rogue; to delay; to overreach; to post-
pone; to procrastinate; to reprieve; to
respite.
abanablit ont ia, n., the Passover, Josh.
yal Ce ble
abanapa, pp. sing., passed over; put
over; delayed; postponed; reprieved;
respited; from abanabli, v. a. i.
abanapa, n., a respite.
abanapa, v. a.i., to delay; to procrasti-
nate; siabanapa, I procrastinate; nitak
hollo achafa siabanapa keyukma, if 1 do
not delay a week.
abanoli, see abanali.
abanopoli, pl., to go over; to walk over,
Luke 11: 44; abanobli, sing.
abanumpa, see aba anumpa.
abanumpeshi, see aba anumpeshi.
abanumpeshi ammona, see aba anwm-
peshi.
abaona, pp., raised.
abbaksha, see abaksha.
abema, see aba imma.
abenili, see abenili.
abi, abi, v. t., to. kill, Matt. 10: 28: to
slay; to destroy, Matt. 2:13; to butcher;
to deprive of life; to dispatch; to slaugh-
ter; to martyr; to win at a game of
chance; to murder; ahhabi, to kill
quickly (ahbi, aiabi, ahambi, ambi);
imabi to win from him or to beat him;
he wins from him; to put to death, Matt.
14: 5; aiabi, to smite of, Josh. 7: 5;
abel, ishbi, abi, ebi, ilohabi, hashbi,
abi; akbo, chikbo, ikbo, kebo, kilohabo,
hachikbo, iksabo, ikpebo, etc.; itimabi, to
kill each other; /ebi, to kill himself; to
commit suicide, John 8: 22; debi, n.,
self-murder; suicide; freq.,
Josh. 10: 10.

ahambi,

74

abi, n., a killer; a slayer; a murderer.

abi, n., slaughter; the killing; destruction.

abi, v. n., to be sick with certain dis-
eases, generally cutaneous, or to have
the disease, etc.; as chiliswa abi, to have
the measles; chilakwa abi, to have the
smallpox; chinak abi, to have the pleu-
risy; washkabi, to have the itch; wak-
cha abi, to have the venereal disease;
palsi abi, Luke 5: 24. e

abia, aba ia, v. a. i., to mount; to ascend.

abichi, v. t., ‘‘to smite,’’ 1 Sam. 5:12.

abit apa, v. t., to prey upon; to kill and
eat.

abit apa shali, a., rapacious.

abit tali, v. t., to destroy; to kill all; to
cut off.

abitampa, n., a male fairy; a hobgoblin;
one who kills.

aboa, v. t., to strike against; to fall
against; to knock; to bunt; wak at
yitepa mat itaboa,; hatak at itulat ia cha
chuka yan aboa; chukfi itibik mat itaboa
hoka.

abonumpuli, see aba anumpuli.

achafoa, a., a few and scattering; not
many.

achafoa, v. n., to be few and scattering;
achafotha, nasal form.

achafoachi, vy. t., to cause a few; to
select or take afew; to cause a few to
be taken, ete.

achafolechi, y. t. caus., to select a few;
to single out.

achafoli, v. t., to take a few.

affekoma; osapa affekoma, n.,a large field.

affekomi, a., mischievous; impatient;
exceeding; superabounding; large; see
afekommi.

affekomi, vy. n., to be mischievous;
chito kat affekomi fehna and chito kat
atampa fehna mean the same.

affetabli, v. t. sing., to ensnare; to en-
chant to his ruin or death.

affetipa, afetipa (q. v.), a., enchanted;
greatly interested; captivated.

affetipoa, a. pl., ensnared; enchanted
to his ruin or death. E

affetipoa, vy. n., to be ensnared.

affetipoli, v.t. pl., to ensnare; to enchant.

affoa, afoa, v. a. 1., to wind round.

affoa, afoha, pp., wound round, John
20: 7; furled; see afoa.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

affula, pp., stirred; thickened while
cooking; aiatit matya kako”, from that
(time) forth; see afulli.

ahoku®fa, n., piece cut off.

aholloka, see aholloka.

ahoyo, see ohoyo.

ala, v. a. i., to arrive at, when coming
toward the speaker or place spoken of;
as ona, to arrive at in going from the
speaker; to touch; to come; to come
to; to get there; to get here; to get to;
to attain, Matt. 8: 2, 11, 25; 11: 14; 17:
7, 10; ahanlat, Josh. 7: 14; aiala, pl.
and intensive; hachimaiala, come to
you, Matt. 7: 15; alali, ishla, ala, ela,
ilohala, hashla, ala; aiyala, aiyala, and
aiyahanla; italachi, for two to arrive
together; isht ala, vy. t., to fetch; to re-
duce; to bring, Matt. 12: 22; to take
it and come; ont isht ala, to go and bring;
to go and take it and come.

ala, n., an arrival; a pass.

ala, n., one who arrives or comes; a
comer; himo ala, one who has just
come; a new comer.

alachi; italachi, to arrive together (dual).

alba, n., vegetation; herbs; plants; weeds.

albachi, vy. a.i., to practice; to make ex-
periments; to be instructed, Matt. 13:
52. 7

albala, pp., gleaned. |

alballi, y. t., to glean; to gather up the
remnants or fragments.

aiballi, n., a gleaner; a gleaning.

albana, v. a.i., to lie across; see aba-
nali.

albana, pp. pl., laid across; abanni,v. t. pl.

albani, v. a. i., to cure over a fire; abani,
Vent

albani, pp., cured; isi nipi at albani; tak-
kon at albani; abani, v. t.

albani, n., that which is cured.

albankachi, pl.; hina at albankachi.

albasa, n., lath.

albaska, n., lath.

albaska, pp., lathed; ribbed, as a roof;
abasli, v. t.

albehkachi, y. a. i. pl., to repeat; it-
albehkachi, Phil. 2: 27.

albehpo, n., asack of some kind, Matt.
YAK Is

albi, aialbi, aiilli, aialli, n., cost; price;
a price, 2 Sam. 24: 24; tanchi albi.

BYINGTON]

albi, pp., valued; perhaps from abi.

albichi, v. t., to price; to set a price; to
value, John 12: 5.

albiha, pp., charged; stuffed.

albiha, n., a charge; a load.

albiha atapa, n., an overcharge; an over-
load.

albihkachi, pp. pl., put in; put on, as
garments.

albilli, v. t. pl., to repeat; to add; to put
on another thickness; it albilli, Matt.
6: 7; itishima albillit umpohomo; na foka
albillit foka; shukbo albillit patali.

albina, n., a camp, Josh. 6: 11; an en-
campment; a host, Josh. 3: 2.

albinachi, albinanchi, y. t., to camp; to
encamp; to pitch a camp.

albita, pp., repeated; done twice; tanchi
at albitat holokchi; albitat holisso, copied;
anumpa hat hituklaha albitat anumpuli.

albita, n., arepetition, Rev. 18:6; v.a.i.,
to be double.

albitat holisso, pp., copied; rewritten.

albitat holisso, n., a copy.

albitat holokchi, pp., replanted.

albiteli, v. t., to repeat; to double; to
iterate.

albiteli, n., an iteration.

albitelichi, y. t., to double; to make
double, Rey. 18: 6.

albitet anoli, y. t., to repeat the story;
to relate a second time; to recapitulate.

albitet hokchi, v. t., to replant.

' albitet holissochi, v. t., to copy; to
write over again; to transcribe.

albitet ikbi, vy. t., to renew.

albitet pisa, v. t., to review.

albitet shanniz, v. t., to double and twist.

albitet yammichi, v. t., to redouble.

albitkachi, pp. pl., repeated; having
other covers or coats; italbitkachi, John
Teme albille Want

albo, v. a. i., to adhere; to stick, as glue
or mud; lukfi at ashoboli yan albo; itialbo
v. a. i., to cohere; itialbot offo, v. a. i.,
to coalesce.

albo, pp., soldered; made to stick or ad-
here; glued; itialbo, glued together.

albochi, y. t. sing., to solder; to cause to
adhere; to set with putty; to glue; to
stick; isht ishko a” albochi, to solder a
cup; ialbochi, to solder~ together; to
glue.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

75)

albokachi, v. t. pl., to solder; te fasten
in with putty; italbokachi, to solder to-
gether.

albonli, almoli, vy. i., to catch; to take
infection; italbonli; italmoli.

alhchakaya, n., an addition; a piece
spliced on.

alhchakaya, a., additional; something
added; anumpa alhchakaya.

alhchaba, n., a log lying across a creek
used as a foot bridge.

alhchaka, pp. sing., spliced; new set;
new laid or welded, as an iron tool;
welded.

alhchakoa, pp. pl., spliced; welded.

alhchefa, pp., washed (from achefa, to
wash).

albchiba, a., tedious; tiresome; requir-
ing or consuming time; slow in accom-
plishment; alhchieba, Gen. 40: 4.

alhchiba, v. n., to be tedious, tiresome,
or slow.

alhchifa, pp., washed, John 13: 10.

alhchilofa, pp., paid; liquidated; ikalh-
chilofo, a., unpaid.

alhchowa, see alhchunwa.

alhchunna, a., cheap; low.

alhchunna, v. n., to be cheap.

alhchunnachi, y. t., to cheapen; to
lower; to sink.

alhchu"wa, alhchowa, pp., sewn;
stitched; sewed; italhchunwa, sewn to-
gether; sewed.

alhchutwa, n., that which is sewn.

alhfabek imma, ady., on the left hand;
toward the left.

alhfabeka, n., the left, Luke 23: 33;
Matt. 6: 3.

alhfasha, pp., fastened; latched; okhis-
sat alhfasha; afashli, v. t.

alhfoa, n., a ligature; a bandage.

alhfoa, pp., wound round; bound round;
reeled; hooped; a/foli, v. t.

alhfula, pp., stirred, as a liquid with a
stick; afulli, v. t.

alhfullinchi, v. a.i., alhfullihinchi,to com-
pass, Matt. 23: 15.

alhkaha, pp., laid down.

alhkama, pp., sing. stopped wp; fastened
up; calked; barred; aboha alhkama; ok-
hissa yat alhkama, Josh. 2: 5; shut up,
Josh. 6: 1; see akama.

alhkama, a., fast.

76

alhkania, a., gone; forgotten; pass. of
kania of the form alhtaha.

alhkania, v. n., to forget; chimalhkania,
you have forgotten it.

alhkata, pp., patched; botched; mended;
clouted; akkalli, v. t.

alhkata, n., a patch; a botch; a clout; isht
alhkata, a patch.

alhkoha, pp., molded, as pottery; shaped;
plated, as metals with silver; shuti at
alhkoha; ampo at alhkoha; lukfinuna yat
alhkoha; tali holisso lakna isht alhkoha,
plated with gold; akkoii, v. t.

alhkomo, v. a. i., to dissolve; to melt,
as salt, sugar, etc.

alhkomo, pp., dissolved, as sugar in wa-
ter; ikalhkomo, a., undissolved; unmelt-
ed; okomo, Vv. t.

alhkomoa, pp. pl., stopped up; calked;
barred; aboha alhkomoa; haksobish alh-
komoa.

alhkucha, n., the balance; the remainder;
an odd one, Num. 3: 48; shulush alhku-
cha, an odd shoe; waktoksali alhkucha,
an odd steer.

alhkuna, n., a gown; a dress for a lady;
cf. the alconand of French writers.

alhkuna falaia, n., a long gown; a frock;
a slip.

alhkuna kolofa, n., a petticoat.

alhpatak, n., a fan made of a wing.

alhpesa, n., convenience; decency;
sufficiency; an execution; fairness; fit-
ness; reason.

alhpesa, alhpisa, a., proper; suitable;
enough; sufficient, Matt. 6: 34; lawful,
Matt. 12: 2; 14: 4; right, Matt. 11: 26;
Luke 6: 2; straight, Luke 3: 5; John,
4:17; necessary; worthy, Matt. 10: 11,
13; John 1: 27; comely; commodious;
compatible; competent; consistent;
convenient; correct; decent; decorous;
due; eligible; fair; fit; honest; just;
justifiable; lawful, Matt. 12: 12; legal;
meet, Matt. 15: 26; moderate; passable;
reasonable; scrupulous; seemly; staple;
timely; profitable, Matt. 5: 29; alhpinsa,
tolerable, Matt. 11: 22, 24; ikalhpeso,
wicked, Matt. 12: 45; disagreeable;
ill; erroneous; unadvisable; imalhpisa,
John 1: 14 [?]; italhpesa, respond-
ing; agreeing together.

alhpesa, vy. n., to be proper, etc., Matt.
5:5; it is enough, 2 Sam. 24: 16.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

alhpesa, alhpisa, pp., measured; deter-
mined; agreed; appointed; accom-
plished; concluded; corrected; decided;
decreed; effected; enacted; established;
suited; surveyed; estimated; exe-
cuted; filled; fulfilled; gaged; gauged;
judged; justified; ordered; passed, as a
law; reconciled; regulated; resolved;
settled; stipulated; nitak alhpisa, an ap-
pointed day; ikalhpeso, evil, Matt. 12:
35; idle, Matt. 12: 36; imalhpisa, pp.,
judged; imalhpesa, a., contented; agree-
able to him; ont alhpesa, pp., passed;
ikimalhpeso, a., dissatisfied; unallowed;
uncommanded; ikimalhpesochi, ikimath-
pesacho, to dissatisfy; ikalhpeso, a., ille-
gal; illicit; improper; inadmissible; in-
correct; unapproved; unapt; unbecom-
ing; undignified; undue; unfit; ungen-
teel; unmeasured; unreasonable; un-
seasonable; unseemiy; unsuitable; un-
suited; wrong; wrongful; alhpisahe keyu,
a., immeasurable; ikalhpeso, n., an im-
propriety; a wrong; ikalhpeso, adv., un-
duly; alhpiesa keyu, n., injustice; itim-
alhpesahe keyu, a., irreconcilable; alh-
piesa, ady., justly; imalhpesa, to please;
to feel pleased; ikimalhpeso, v. a. i.,
to repine; ikimalhpeso, n., a repiner.

alhpesa, y. a.i., to become, Matt. 3: 15;
to behoove, Luke 4: 43; to eventuate;
italhpisa, to respond; to suit; to be lik-
ened to, Matt. 7: 26.

alhpesa, adv., well; very well; comely;
fairly; rightly; well done.

alhpesa, v. a. i., to do or be right; ish-
alhpesa, Acts 10: 33.

alhpesa achi, v. a. i., to approve; to ap-
probate (rather, to express approba-
tion), as red men do when they approve
of a talk.

alhpesa ahni, alhpiesa ahni, v. a. i.,
to acquiesce; to comply; to consent; to
be willing; to feel contented; alhpesa
ishahnihokmat, if thou wilt, Matt. 8: 2;
alhpesa ahnilishke, I will, Matt. 8: 3.

alhpesa miha, v. a. i., to assent. <

alhpesali, v. a. i; see ikalhpesalo, fraud,
James 5:4; to be true or virtuous, Mark
10: 11; ohoyo alhpesali, a virtuous wo-
man.

alhpesashke, even so, Matt. 11: 26.

alhpesachi, vy. t., to correct; to humor;
to justify; amalhpiesachi, to right; ikitim-

BYINGTON]

alhpesacho, Matt. 10: 35; ikimalhpesochi,
to grieve.

alhpesachi, n., a justifier.

albpi, n., a wooden spoon; a horn spoon;
nakalhpi, a pewter spoon.

alhpichik, n., a nest; a bird’s nest; ap-
plied to birds, squirrels, hogs, and
bears, alhpichik at imasha hoke, have
nests, Matt. 8: 20.

alhpichik ikbi, v. t., to nest; to make a
nest.

alhpiesa, v. a.i., to fay; to suit exactly;
aialhpesa, suitable, Matt.6:11; worthy;
sialhpesa keyu hoke, 1 am not worthy,
Matt. 8: 8.

alhpiesa, a., deliberate; exact; nice; pat;
precise; respectable; strict; alhpiesashke,
John 1: 12 [?] italhpisashke, shall be
likened; Matt. 7: 26; ikimalhpieso, of-
fended, Matt. 15: 12; Luke 3: 14.

alhpi"kachi, n., a pile of corn piled like
cord wood.

alhpisa, pass. of apesa, to be judged,
Matt. 7: 2; measured, Josh. 3: 4.

alhpisa, n., a decision; an estimate; a
fulfillment; an institution; a judgment;
a justification; a measure; an ordi-
nance; a plot; ascheme; astandard; a
stint; a stipulation; a measure, Matt.
BS By

alhpishechichi, v. t., to prepare a pillow
for another, 1 Sam. 19: 13.

alhpishi, n., a pillow.

alhpishi, v. a. i., to pillow; alhpishi hosh
itonla tok, 1 Sam. 19: 16.

alhpishi afoka, n., a pillow case; a pil-
low-bier.

alhpishi falaia, n., a bolster; a long
pillow.

alhpishi i"shukcha, n., a pillow case;
a pillow-bier.

alhpitta, pp., loaded; charged; put in,
Matt. 6: 380; alhpinta (nas. form).

alhpitta, n., a load; a charge; isht
alhpitta, n., wadding; some say naki
impatalhpo.

alhpoa, alhpoba, alhpowa, n., domestic
animals; fruit trees, such as are culti-
vated; produce; cattle; stock; live
stock; a pet.

alhpoa, pp., espoused, Matt. 1: 18; be-
spoken for; domesticated; raised;
saved, as a tree or plant; tamed; itim-
alhpoba, espoused to each other.

A DICTIONARY OF THE'CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

a

alhpoa aiimpa, n., a pasture.

alhpoa apistikeli, n., a pastor; a herds-
man.

alhpoa foni, n., a rack; the frame of
bones of an animal.

alhpoa ilhpita, pp., foddered.

alhpoa imilhpak, n., fodder; forage.

alhpoa imilhpak itannali, vy. t., to
forage.

alhpoa ipeta, vy. t., to fodder.

alhpoachi, alhpolachi, vy. t., to heap up
dirt or ashes around anything.

alhpoba, see alhpoa.

alhpoba, a., exotic; tame.

alhpoba hinla, a., tamable.

alhpohomo, y. a. i., to be laid on or cov-
ered.

alhpolachi, see alhpoachi.

alhpolosa, pp., daubed; plastered;
pitched; smeared apolusli v. t.

alhpowa, see alhpoa.

alhpoyak, n., goods; wares; merchan-
dise; a commodity; manufactures;
stuff; alhpoyak oklushinia aiisht ala, v. t.,
to import goods, Matt. 17: 25.

alhpoyak aiasha, n., a store; a store
room; a store house.

alhpoyak holisso, n., an inventory.

alhpoyak ikbi, n., a manufacturer.

alhpoyak shali, n., a peddler; one who
carries goods.

alhpoyak toba, pp., manufactured.

alhpu2fa, pp., blown into; blowed;
breathed in; inspired; puffed.

alhpu®fa chuhmi, a., puffy.

alhpusha, pp., roasted; broiled; toasted;
ahe alhpusha; nipi alhpusha.

alhpusha, n., a roast.

alhtaha, vy. a. 1., to ripen; hachim-
alhtaha, prepare you, Josh. 1: 11.

alhtaha, a., pp., ready; prepared; done;
finished; compieted; complete; con-
summated; expert; fitted; forward;
furnished; matured; ripened; aiimalh-
taha, Matt. 13: 54, 56; thorough, Josh.
1: 14; 8: 4; ikalhtaho, a., imperfect;
undone; unexecuted; incomplete; un-
finished; imalhtaha, pp., qualified; ik-
imalhtaho, a., unprepared; unready;
unsupplied.

alhtaha, v. n., to be ready; to end; to
finish; to get through or to be so;
chimalhtaha, you are ready; anumpuli
chimalhtaha, have you done talking?

78

alhtaha, n., accomplishment; readiness;
a consummation; fullness; maturity;
preparation; ripeness.

alhtaha hinla, a., handy.

alhtakla, a., bereaved; without friends,
kindred, parents, etc.; forlorn; ohoyo
alhtakla, 2 widow; a bereaved woman;
alla alhtakla, an orphan child.

alhtakla, v. n., to be bereaved.

alhtakla, n., bereavement; orphanage;
an orphan.

alhtaklachi, v. t., to bereave.

alhtaloa, n., asong; a hymn.

alhtaloak, n., a song; see Rev. 15: 3,
Moses imalhtaloak.

alhtampa, n., overplus; surplus; bal-
ance; remainder.

alhtanafo, n., the rim of a cane basket.

alhtayak, n., character; profession;
calling; nature; imalhtayak, his calling.

alhtalwa, pp., sung; tkalhtalwo, a., un-
sung.

alhtalwak, ilhtalwak, n., a song; a
ditty; a hymn; note, 2 Chron. 29: 27.

alhtannafo, pp., woven; plaited;
braided.

alhtekachi, v. t., to press down, Luke
6: 388.

alhtipo, n., a tent; a pavilion; a booth;
a lodge; a tilt; a tabernacle, 1 Sam. 2:
22°) JOS) 21222 Oonosele

alhtipo, a., tented; alhtipo asha, tented.

alhto, v. a. i. pl., to be in; to stand in,
Matt. 2:12; from ani, v. t., ibalhto, Matt.
13: 49; Josh. 10: 1; peni alhto, Matt. 14:
13; alaialhto, we arein here; anlhto, nasal

form, being in, John 21: 8; Matt. 4: 21.°

Cf. also Matt. 14: 32.

alhto, v. t., to hold; to contain.

alhto, pp., poured in; put in; from ani,
y. t., to pour in; ibalhto, mixed, Matt.
13: 49; itibalhto, mixed together.

alhto, n., lading.

alhtoba, v. a. i., to be in the place of
another; to be in the stead of; to suc-
ceed; to be sold, Matt. 10: 29; akchi-
alhtoba, let me take your place; imalh-
tomba, have their reward Matt. 6: 2,
5, 16.

alhtoba, adv., instead.

alhtoba, a., vicarious; expiatory.

alhtoba, n., pay;. wages; hire; price,
Matt. 13:46; reward, Matt. 5:12; rec-
ompense; postage; a charge; ferriage;

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

pilotage; carriage; freight, etc.; com-
pensation; damages; a disbursement;
expense; afee; fees; afine; alien; meed;
merit; payment; a premium; a prize;
remuneration; a render; a reward;
room or stead; salary; salvage; satis--
faction; a stipend; toll; value; see isht
alhtoba.

alhtoba, n., atonement.

alhtoba, n., a deputy; a proxy; a substi-
tute; a succeeder; a successor.

alhtoba, pp., refunded; remunerated; re-
warded; paid; recompensed; avenged;
revenged; atoned; compensated; de-
frayed; exchanged; expiated; liqui-
dated; italhtoba, exchanged; ikalhtobo,
a., unpaid; unrepaid; unrewarded.

alhtoba chito, n., highness; dearness;
high price.

alhtoba hinla, a., expiable; expiatory;
imalhtoba hinla, a., rewardable.

alhtoba hosh ishi, v. t., to supplant.

alhtobat atta, n., a vicegerent.

alhtoboa, v. a.i. pl., to:take the place
of; to take turns with; italhtoboa sholit
isht anya, to take turns in carrying it;
italhtoboa, to exchange with each other;
to reciprocate; italhtoboa, n., rotation;
italhtoboachi, v. t., to transpose.

alhtohno, ilhtohno, pp., hired; en-
gaged; employed; hatak ilhtohno, a
hired man.

alhtohno, ilhtohno, n., a hireling.

alhtoka, alhtuka, pp., pointed out; set
apart; sent, John 3: 28; authorized;
appointed; delegated; deputed; elected;
selected; nominated; ordained; voted;
to be taken, Josh. 7: 16, 17, 18; hatak
alhtoka, a committee; atokuli, v. t.

alhtoka, n., authority; appointment; a

delegate; elect; the Messiah; the
anointed; Jesus Christ; an ordina-
tion.

alhtokoa, alhtokowa, pp., pointed out;
set, Luke 2: 34; commissioned.

alhtoshoa, alhtoshowa, pp., removed
from one place to another; translated;
construed; rendered into; interpreted,
Matt. 1: 23; explained.

alhtosholi, y. t., to transfer; to remove;
to translate; to interpret; to construe;
to render into.

alhtosholi, n., a translator,

alhtuka, see alhioka,

BYINGTON]

alhtuka keyu, a., unengaged.

alla, n., achild; children, Matt. 14: 21; a
brat (a low word); a papoose; hachim-
alla, your children, Matt. 7: 11; alla
yosh, children, Matt. 11: 16.

alla, v. a. i., to bea child; sialla, I ama
child; chialla, thou art a child; sialla
ma, when I wasa child; nasal form a7la.

alla aiimpa, alla aiishko, n., aporringer;
a basin for a child. :

alla anusi, n., a child’s bed; a cradle;
a crib.

alla anusi foki, v. t., to cradle.

alla apistikeli, v. t., to watch or nurse
children; to nurse.

alla apistikeli, n., a nurse.

alla ayupi, n., a bathing place for chil-
dren.

alla alhtakla, n., an orphan; a bereaved
child without father or mother.

alla chipunta, n., young children; small
children.

alla chuhmi, a., child like; puerile.

alla eshachi® Mpalammi, v. a. i., to
labor; to travail.

alla eshi, alleshi, vy. t., to bear children;
to bring forth a child; to have a child;
“to be confined.”’

alla eshi, n., childbearing.

alla haksi, n., ‘‘asauce box;’’? atomboy;
an urchin.

alla himmita, n., a stripling.

alla holisso pisa, n., a pupil; pupilage;
a schoolboy.

alla ifoka, v. a. i., to conceive; to be-
come pregnant.

alla itki iksho, a., base born; illegiti-
mate.

alla itki iksho, n., a bastard; an illegiti-
mate.

alla ikimiksho, a., childless; barren,
Luke 23: 29.

alla ilahobbi, allilahobbi, a., acting
like a child; pretending to be a child;
puerile; childish.

alla isht aiopi, n., the youngest child;
the last child.

alla isht illi, v. a. i., to die in childbed.

alla nakni, n., a boy; a male child; a
chap; a lad; a shaver; a son; a male
infant; see Matt. 1: 21, 22; Luke 1: 13,
where alla nakni is the translation of
son.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

ie

alla oka isht imokissa, n., pedo-bap-
tism; infant baptism (the old form of
expression ).

alla pishechi, v. t., to suckle a child.

alla sholi, v. t., to bring forth a child;
to dandle.

alla sholi, n., a nurse.

alla tek, n., agirl; a female child; a lass.

alla tek haksi, n., a romp; a rude girl.

alla tek holisso pisa, n., a school maid.

alla toba, n., adoption.

alla tomba, n., childhood.

alla tomba, v. n., to be in the state of a
child; alla satombama illitok.

alla yakni pataffi, n., a plow boy.

allahe! interjection of displeasure, used
by the ancients in scolding children.

allachi, causative form; iallachi, to make
himself a child.

alleh, ali, hale, exclam. of distress,
uttered by children when in pain; oh!
oh, dear!

alleshi, see alla eshi.

allikchi, alikchi (q. v.), n., a doctor; a
physician; a curer.

allilahobbi, see alla ilahobbi.

alloluat, see alolua.

allotsabi, n., infanticide.

allota, see alota.

allutsi, allosi, alosi, n., an infant; a
babe; a baby; a papoose; a suckling,
Matt. 2: 8, 11; Luke 18: 15; alosi puta
han, Matt. 11: 25.

almachi, n., a fan.

almo, pp. pl., trimmed; cut; picked;
pulled; mown; reaped; clipped; crop-
ped; sheared; shorn.

almo, n., that which is picked, ete.

almochi, n., cream; scum.

almoli, see albonli.

alosi, see allunsi.

alwasha, v.a.i., to fry; to parch, ascoffee.

alwasha, pp., fried; parched; poached;
toasted, Josh. 5: 11; nipi at alwasha;
kafi at alwasha.

aleha, see atiha.

ali, v. a. i., to end; ont aiali and id-
aiati; ikati, to verge; ontali, toeventuate;
to terminate.

ali, n., the edge, end, limit, boundary,
line, borne or bourne; the extent; the
margin; the mete; the verge; a wing;
a border, Josh. 4:19; yammat imati;

80

yammokosh imati; yammak osh ati, ete.;
isht imatekashkeh, take him to the edge
or verge of, Matt. 5: 21, 22.

alichi, v. t., to end; ont aiatichi, Josh.
5: 3.

aliha, aleha, n. pl., all; the whole; the
whole company; each one and all of,
Luke 6:17; Matt. 5: 1; 12: 2, 46; 13: 49;
17: 6, 10; it differs from ‘‘all’’ in that
it directs the mind to each one; tashka
altihama, the body of warriors. This
word is added to nouns to indicate plu-
rality of persons and sometimes of
things. See Matt. 2: 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 16,
17, 18, 23; (of wolves), nashoba isikopa

aleha, see Matt. 7: 15; aleha hat is dis--

tributive; aleha yat is collective.

alipila, adv., toward the end.

alipilla, at the end; away to the end;
outmost.

am, my, pre. pos. pro. Ist per. sing. in
the nom. case before a noun beginning
with a vowel, as amisuba, my horse,
Matt. 2: 6; John 2: 2.

am, pre. per. pro. Ist per. sing. in the
dative case before verbs beginning with
a vowel or diphthong, and to be ren-
dered often with a prep. in Eng. as of
me, to me, for me; amia, amanumpul,
amanoli, amaiatti, amachi, ‘‘saith unto
me,’’ Matt. 7: 21.

am, I, per. pro. Ist per. sing. before a
neuter verb formed from anadj., as am-
okpulo, 1 am mad; ‘‘to me evil;’’ see
chim, John 1: 33.

am, used before verbs when removed
from the noun, as isubatamilli, allat am-
illi, instead of amallat ih.

ama, to give me; from wna, to give cr to
give him; chiksamo, neg. form; tkemo,
he did not give him; issiaiamashke,
give thou me, Matt. 14: 8.

amafo, n., my grandfather and his bro-
thers, including their father, grand-
fathers, etc., male cousins and their
paternal ancestors; my father-in-law,
i. e., the father ofa woman’s husband,
the proper appellation for a woman
to use in speaking to her husband’s
father; chimafo, imafo, pimafo, etc.

amalak, n., my sister’s husband; my
brother-in-law. .

amalak usi, n., my wife’s brother; my
brother-in-law.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

amalak usi ohoyo, n., my wife’s sister;
my sister-in-law.

amanni, n., my brother, and one older
than the brother who speaks; my
brother who is older than myself.

amanni,n., my sister, and one older than
the sister who speaks; my sister who
is older than myself (always both per-
sons are of the same gender).

amiffi, a., equal in size and age.

amiffi, v. n., to be equal in size and age.

amintafi y. t., to open; to cut open, as.
the carcass of a hog; amintafa, pp; see
mitagi, from which these are derived.
amintoli, pl.

amishoa, Vv. a. 1. sing., to rub against.

amishofa, pp., rubbed; rubbed against.

amishoff, v. t., to cause to rub against
and pass by; to cause to graze; iti
chanalli at iti an amishonfa, the wagon
was rubbed against the tree.

amishokachi, pp. pl., rubbed off; shapo
at amishokachit hishi taha.

amisholichi, vy. t. pl., to rub against;
suba hat shukcha yan iti av amishotichit
okpani fehna.

ammi, a., my; mine.

ammi, y.n., to be mine, Matt. 10: 37.

ammi keyu achi, vy. t., to disclaim; to
disown.

ammi toba, vy. a. i., to become mine,
Luke 4: 6.

ammona, a., incipient.

ammona, n., the beginning; the dawn;
the commencement; ammona ataha
aiena kat iksho, a., eternal; n., eternity.

ammona, ady., first, Matt. 12: 45; Josh.
8:5; ammona kano, Matt. 8: 21.

ammona isht ia, v. a. i., to rise.

amo, v. t. pl., (tadli, sing), to pick; to
pull; to trim; to mow; to reap, Matt.
6: 26; to cut; to clip; to gather, Luke
6: 44; to cut off; to crop; to rid; to
shear; to slip; pavki an aiamo, gather
grapes of, Matt. 7: 16; shuwmati akon
aiamo, gather of thistles.

amo, n., a gatherer; a picker; a shearer.

amohmi, vy. i., to do anything entirely,
utterly, and absolutely, Matt. 5: 34;
ikshok amohmi; ikshoka amohmi (for
ikshokamohmi, as often heard) there is
none at all; amohmichi, amohminchi,
caus:, 1 Sam: 15:35 Josh. L0:1e sine
12, 20, 21.

BYINGTON]

amohoyo, n., my woman; my wile.

amombalaha, n., my brother-in-law,
i. e., my husband’s brother, his uncles
and nephews (language of a woman).

amoshi, amoshshi, n., my uncle, i. e.,
my mother’s brother or brothers and
male cousins.

anatkosh, pro., I the one who.

ani, v. a. i., to bear fruit; to yield fruit;
to bring forth fruit, Matt. 7: 17; ana-
he keyukma, when it can not bear fruit,
Matt. 7: 18; ani chatuk; anikmat, Matt.
2a Onan. Hees liso.

ani, n., fruit of the berry kind; a berry;
a nut; fruit in general, Matt. 7: 16.

ani, v. t., to pour intoa vessel; to infuse;
ilani, in yourselves, Mark 9:50; pass.
alhto.

ani chilofa, n., a windfall.

anit waltya, v. t., to bring forth fruit,
Luke 3: 9; Matt. 13: 8.

annoa, annoa, anoa, (q. v.), n., fame.

annoa, anoa (q. v.), pp., noised.

annoachi, see anoachi.

annonto, pro., as for me.

ano, I, me, mine, Matt. 5: 11; ano ato,
Mattao:) 22,532,194, 39) (44 7327:
ano a®, me, Matt. 11: 6; ano akinli,
myself; compounds: anorkosh; annon-
to; anonto; see ano.

apa, v. t., to mouth.

apa, v. a.i., v.t.,to eat; generally used
when speaking of a single article of
food; when a meal or several articles
is spoken of, the word impa is used;
to fare; to feed; to pick, Matt. 15: 32;
onush apa, onush alwasha apa, Josh. 5:
11, 12; apat isht ia, began to eat, Matt.
12: 1; Josh. 5: 11; ikpo, Matt. 15: 32.
ampa, ahampa, ahampahi oke, shall be
gnashing, Matt. 8: 12; noti ahampa,
Matt. 13:42, 50; apa isan irreg. verb, like
abiand ala; conj.: apali, ishpa, apa, epa
(Matt. 6: 31); ilohapa, hashpa, apa, akpo,
chikpo, ikpo, kepo, kilohapo, hachikpo,
ikpo; sapa, eat me, John 6: 57;
okapanki paska isht alhpisa apa, to
commune; apat tali, v. t., to devour;
apat pisa, v. t., to taste; apat ikpeso, a.,
untasted.

apa, n., food.

apa, n., an eater.

apa kitinisi, n., a morsel.

apanukfila, n., a whirlwind.

84339°—Bull. 46—15——6

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 81

apanukfila, vy. a. i., to blow, as a whirl-
wind.

apat tali, v. t., to devour; to consume.

api, n., thestalk; a vine; a handle; a tree;
acob; ahelve; ahaft; a trunk; a body;
a leg; a blade, Matt. 13: 26; a straw;
a spire; the warp or chain of cloth as
woven; a staff; astock; ahapi, a potato
vine; aiomanili api, a chair leg; bihi
api, a mulberry tree; chahapi, a hoe
handle; hashuk api, a spear or blade of
grass; iskifapi, an ax helve; nusapi,
an oak tree; the trunk of an oak; the
body of an oak; onushapi, a blade of
wheat; wheat straw; a stalk of wheat;
tanchapi, a cornstalk; a corncob.

api aiishi, n., a thole.

api isht ala, n., the lower end.

apiha, see apelia.

apishia, n., a piazza; aboha apishia, a
piazza that extends all round an old-
fashioned house.

apohtuki, v. a. i., to be close and light,
as a room.

appokni, apokni, n., my grandmother;
my granddam.

asananta, see asananta.

askufa, v. t., to put a petticoat upon
one’s self (feminine gender).

askufa, pp., girded; belted; begirt (fem-
inine gender).

askufa, n., a petticoat (doubtful).

askufa tapa, n., a coat; a petticoat.

askufachechi, v. t., to put a petticoat or
belt upon another person; to begird
another person; to gird; ilaiaskofache-
chi, to gird himself, John 21: 18.
Perhaps there is a mistake and it
should be ilaiaskofachi, as in John
ils 7.

askufachi, pp., girded.

askufachi, v. t., to gird one’s self; to
put a belt on; to begird; ila isht asko-
fachi, to gird himself, John 13: 4; to
gird the loins, 2 Kings 9: 1.

asseta, v. a. 1., to cleave to; to love.

ashke, see ishke.

ashwa, ashwa (q. v.), v. a. i. pl. and
dual, to sit; to be there; chuka ilashwa.

ashwanchi, aswanchi, ashwanchi, vy.
a. i., to be engaged about something;
to be active or busy; ittashwanchi, to
keep at work (at it), singular.—J. E.

82

at, art. (see hat and yat), the; the one;
Chekob at, Jacob he, Matt. 1: 2; iti ok-
pulo at, a corrupt tree, Matt. 7: 18; ati
at, atree, Matt. 7: 19; at, rel. pro., who;
the one who; the which.

ata, adv. particle, as ish/ata, have you
come (when not expected)?

atai, atai, n., buckeye (accent on last
syllable; unusual in this respect and
unusual in ending with a diphthong).

ataiya, v. a. i., to lean on or touch at;
atayali, tr. sing., to cause to lean
against or to touch at, as a boat or ship;
atayoti, pl.

atakapulechi, see itakopulech.

atanapoa, v. t., to jump over; iti an
itanapoa, to jump over a log.

atanapolechi, vy. t., to cause to jump
over.

atanapoli, v. t., to jump over.

atanabli, v. t., to lay on the second
strata of leaves, ete.

atanabli, n., underbrush; undergrowth;
the second layer of leaves in woods.

atanapa; wak atanapa, a yearling.

atapa, pp., scotched.

atapachi, atapachi, v. t., to hasp; to
fasten.

ataya, v. a. i., to lean; pit atayat, John
21: 20; 2 Kings 9: 30; see atarya.

ato, ato, art., the one; as for the (by
way of contrast to others); ano ato, I,
in distinction from them of old time,
Matt. 5: 22, 32, 34, 39, 44; aiishi ato, he
that received, Matt. 13: 23; hatak ato,
men, Matt. 16: 18.

ato, ato, rel. pro., the one who, as for
the one who, ete.

atta, v. a. i., to be born; to come into
the world; to stay; to live; to reside;
amatta, aiattutok, Matt. 14: 6; anta,
nasal form, to abide; to dwell; to
inhabit; isht atta, v. t., to use; to em-
ploy; to be busy with or about.

atta, v. a. i.,to heal; to cicatrize; ikato,
not healed; fachowa ikato, a chronic
ulcer.

atta, v. t., to occupy; isht atta, to occupy;
isht imatta, ministered unto him, Matt.
8: 15.

atta, n.,a birth; nitak aiatta, a birthday.

atta, n., an occupant; a resident.

atta, pp., born; healed; cured; cica-
trized; remedied; atatta or itatonli (old

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

style), healed up or united and healed;
ikatto, a., unborn.

atta ammona, n., infancy; an infant;
primogeniture.

atta ammona, a., primogenial.

atta hinla, a., healable; curable.

attahe keyu, a., incurable.

attahpi, n., birth, Matt. 1: 18; primo-
geniture; the first born, Josh. 17: 1.

attapachi, v. t., to hasp; to fasten.

attachi, n., a healer; a curer.

attachi, v. t., to heal a sore or wound;
to cicatrize.

attat akowa, v. a. i., to come down,
Mattie Sal

attat atya, Matt. 15: 22.

attat falama, v. a. i., to return from,
Luke 4: 1.

attat hofanti, pp., educated; raised;
brought up.

attat hofantichi, v. t., to raise; to edu-
cate; to bring up.

attat ia, v. a.i., to start from; to depart
from, Matt. 12: 9; 15: 22; to go from,
Luke 3: 4 [?]; to go on from, Matt. 4:
21; to pass forth from, Matt. 9: 9.

attat isht ia, v. a. i., to rise; to begin to
heal, ete.; to take a start.

attat minti, v. a. i., to come from;
ashwat minti, pl. (antat minti and anshwat
minti, nasal forms, can not be used
because they include the idea of con-
tinuance).

attepuli, v. t., to make a pavilion; to
pavilion; to tent. ;

ba, ady., nothing; merely; certainly;
surely; ia li ba, I merely go; I just go;
I will just go, and meaning that nothing
shall prevent; a word used chiefly by
children.

ba is compounded with, and forms the
termination of, several words; amba,
kamba, chumba, yoba, hioba, chikimba,
tokba, nahba, kbato, okbato, kbano,
okbano.

bachali, n. sing., bachoti, pl., a row; a
course; a stick of timber lying straight,
as a joist; sabaiyi bachali wia, my
nephews; lit., my row of nephews;
tanchi ithina bachali, rows of corn, i. e.,
the furrows and not the standing corn;
(tanchi baiilh, a row of standing corn;
takkon api at baiilli, a row of peach
trees).

BYINGTON]

bachali, v. t. sing., to make a furrow for
planting corn; to lay in a straight line;
iti tilit bachali, to blaze trees in a line
for a road.

bachaya, a., prostrate, and lying in arow
so as to touch all the way.

bachaya, v. a. i. sing., to lie connected
in a line or row; tanchi irhina at bacha”-
ya, the corn rows are laid off; iti at
bachaya, the tree or the timber is laid;
ahchaba at bok a®bachatya, a foot log
lies across the creek.

bachaya, v. pass., laid ina line; laid off;
lusa at bachaya, the black (line) is laid,
i.e., on a stick of timber for hewing;
hina at bachaya, the road is laid off, or
the road is marked off.

bachaya, n., a row; a line; a course; a
vein; /ina bachaya, line of a road,
Josh. 2: 19.

bachoha, vy. a. i. pl., to lie in courses;
hina at bachoha, to lie in lines; issuba ai-
itintimia yat bachoha, the race paths for
horses are laid off, or are there.

bachoha, n. pl., rows; ranks; courses.

bachoha, pp. pass., laid in lines or
courses.

bachohat maya, v. a. i., to lie in rows
or lines; hina at bachohat manya hoka
ishpisa chin, as the roads are laid off,
you will see them.

bachohmatya, n., a noun derived from
the foregoing verb.

bachoh, v. t., to lay in rows or lines;
to make rows, lines or furrows for rows.

bacholi, n. pl., rows.

bachoh, n. pl., those that lay off in
rows.

bafaha, v.a.i., to grow, asa bush; osapa
at bafahat kania, the field is grown over
with bushes.

bafaha, n., a bush; a green bush; a
thicket; bafaha and bafalli are both
used for bush and bushes; bafaha chanli,
cut a bush; bafalli chanli, cut the bushes;
but bafaha anutka and bafalli anunka,
in the bushes, is proper.

bafalli, n. pl., bushes; a thicket; green
brush.

bafalli, v. a. i., to grow, as bushes; osapa
yat bafallit kania, the field is grown over
with bushes.

bafalli, a., shrubby; bushy.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

83

bafalli foka, a., bushy; grown up with
bushes (applied to a large place).

bafalli talaia, n., aclump; atuft; asmall
thicket (applied to a small place).

baha, pass., gored, stabbed, jabbed, by
being struck with a straight forward
blow; pricked; pierced; uski osh baha,
the cane jabbed him, iti osh baha, the
wood jabbed him, and bashpo yosh baha,
the knife jabbed him, are transitive
forms.

baha, n., a jab; a stab; batshpo baha, a
knife stab; uski baha, a cane stab.

bathachi, n., baa, the cry of a sheep;
chukfi at bathachi, the sheep says bath
or banath,

bahafa, pass., gored, stabbed, or jabbed
by being struck with a blow that comes
up, as cows do when they hook; alla
nakni at bahafa, the boy is gored.

bahaffi, v. t. sing., to gore; to stab; to
jab; to pierce; to stick; to thrust with
an upward motion, as hogs with their
tusks and cattle with horns, and to
thrust a man with a knife with the
point up.

bahaffi, n., a stabber; a gorer.

bahpo, bappo, n., a kind of nut pudding
made of corn and peanuts.

bahpo, pass. of bahpuli(q. v.), made into a
nut pudding; bahpot alhtaha, it is beaten
and ready.

bahpuli, v. t., to beat up parched corn
and parched peanuts for bahpo; to
pound corn and peanuts for bahpo.
The corn and peanuts are both parched
and then beaten or pounded together.
The meat of hickory nuts is sometimes
used.

bahta, n., a bag; a pack; a budget; a
knapsack; a scrip; a wallet, Matt. 10:
10, bahta at iksho, no scrip, Mark 6: 8.
This word differs but little from shukcha
(q. v.)3 hapi shukcha, salt sack, kafi
shukcha, coffee sack, are used, but not
bahta.

bahta chito, n., a bale; a big bag.

bahta chito abeli, v. t., to bale, or to
put up ina bale or big bag; tanchi an
bahta chito yor abeti, to pat up corn in
a big bag.

bahta chito abiha, pass., baled; put up
in a bale.

84

bahta chito hoshi"sh aialhto, n., a
tick; a bed tick; lit., a big bag holding
feathers.

bahta shinuk aialhto, n., a sandbag;
a bag having sand in it.

bahtushi, n., a pouch; a small bag; a
satchel; a scrip; a wallet.

baialli, v. a. i., to stand in files or rows;
or baiilli (q. v.).

baiallit a®ya, vy. a. i., to move in a single
file.

baiallit ala, v. a. i., to arrive in a row.

baiallit heli, v. a. i. pl., to stand in
ranks.

baiallit hika, vy. a. i. sing., to stand in
a row or single file.

baiallit ma®ya, v.a.i., to advance in
file.

baiallit minti, v. a.
row.

baiet biXya, bait bi™ya, v. a. i. pl., to
move in ranks as soldiers, not abreast
but one following another.

baieta, v. a. i. sing., to stand or go in
a row, one after another, as men or
animals in a single road; caus., baietachi
or baietat hinli, to stand in a row; baietat
atya, to go along in a row; to stand in
a row, as planted corn or trees when
set out. ‘

baieta, n., arow of corn, trees, men, or
animals,

baii, baiyi, n., white oak; name of an
oak tree and its fruit; a white-oak acorn;
baii laua, plenty of white-oak acorns.

baii toba, a., oaken; made of white oak.

baiilli, baialli (pl. of baieta), pass.,
ranked; placed in rows or ranges;
abaiali, 2 Kings 11: 8.

baiilli, baialli (pl. of baieta), v. a. i., to
stand in files or rows; to rank; to fol-
low in order one after another.

baiillichi, v. t., to cause to follow in
ranks; to march; to place in ranks.

baiillit nowa, v. a. i., to march in sin-
gle ranks, but not abreast. It differs
from auatali, v. a. i., to march abreast.
baiillit nowa, n., a march.
bait bitya, see baiet binya.
baiyana, y. n., to want.
from which it is derived.
baiyi, see baii.

bakafa, y. a. i.

pp., split off.

i., to come in a

See banna,

sing., to split off; and

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

bakaha, pl., bakalichi sing., v. t., to
cane; to baste; to strike with a cane or
stick; to maul; ofi yor bakahali, I beat
the dog.

bakaha, n., a caning.

bakali, pp. pl., split; blocked; slabbed;
bakati ushta, split in quarters.

bakali, v. a. i., to split; to block; to slab
into several, i. e., more than two, pieces.

bakatlichi, v. t., to split into large blocks;
to slab; to block; to split puncheons
for a floor.

bakatichi, n., a splitter.

bakapa, pass. sing. of bakabli (q. v.);
halved or divided into two equal parts;
cleft; riven.

bakapa, v. a.i., to divide into two equal
parts; to cleave; to split; to divide once
in the middle; iti at bakapa, the tree
divides or opens in the middle.

bakapa, n., a half when split in two; a
cleft; shuka nipi bakapa, half of a hog.

bakastoa, pass. pl., split in two; di-
vided into two equal parts.

bakastoa, v. a. 1. pl., to split in two;
to divide.

bakastoa, n. pl., halves; wben things
have been split open.

bakastuli, v. t. pl., to split in two; to
halve them; to rob; holisso ha” bakastuli;
same as wehpuli, say M. Dyer and
Thompson.

bakabli, vy. t. sing., to split in two; to
halve.

bakabli, n., a splitter; a divider.

bakasto, bakastuli, pass., finished;
completed; all taken, as when a rob-
bery is committed, or grain ina field
is destroyed.

bakastuli, v. t., to get all; to take all; to
finish.

bakastuli, n., a finisher; one that takes
all.

bakbak, n., a large red-headed wood-
pecker, smaller than the ti"kti. bakbak
at patki akbano hot apa, the bakbak
eats grapes only.

bakli, y. t. pl., to split into large blocks,
whether halves, fourths, or eighths;
bakati, pass. (q. v.), nusa pi a® baklih,
I split the black oak into blocks.

baklichi, y. t., to score.

bakna, n.; imbakna, the rennet (or run-
net) or stomach of cows or deer.

BYINGTON]

bakoa, bakowa, a., spotted; pied; large
check; brinded; tabby brinded; tabby;
dapple; dappled; wak at bakoa, the cow
is spotted; nan tanna at bakoa, the cloth
has large checks; abaksha hat bakoa, the
chicken snake is pied.

bakoa, vy. n., to be spotted, pied, etc.

bakoachi, bakowachi, v. t., to make
spotted, pied, etc.; to dapple.

bakokoa, n. pl., spots.

bakokota, a. pl., spotted; pied; large
check.

bakokota, y. n. pl., to be spotted.

bakoku®kachi, n. pl., large white and
red spots.

bakokutkachi, bakoku"kachi, a. pl.,
spotted; sintulo at bakoku"kachi, the
rattlesnake is spotted.

bakoku®kachi, v. n. pl., to be spotted.

bakowa, see bakoa.

bakowachi, see bakoachi.

balakli, v. a. i. sing., to leap up; like
halakii.

balakli, balakli (the best forms) bilakti,
v. a. i., to wilt; itt hishi at bilakti, the
leaves wilt.

balakti, pass., wilted ; see bilakti.

balaktichi, y. t:, to wilt; to make it wilt.

balali, v. a. i., to creep, as a child; to
crawl; to grovel; alla yat balali, the
child creeps.

balali, n., a creeper; a crawler; a
groveler; alla balali, a child creeper.

balama, a., fragrant; odoriferous; am-
brosial; balmy; sweet; odorous; redo-
lent—used with reference to the smell
of objects only.

balama, v. n., to be fragrant.

balama, n., a sweet odor; savor; flavor;
scent; smell, as of a rose; na balama, n.,
incense, Luke 1: 10; Rev. 5: 8. nan isht
balama, 2 Cor. 2:15; a savor; Eph. 5: 2.

balama, pass, perfumed.

balamachechi, v. t., to perfume another
person or thing; to incense another per-
son or thing; to cause one to perfume
another.

balamachi, balamachi, vy. t., to make it
fragrant, balmy, sweet; to scent well;
parshi a® balamachi, to make the hair
balama; na foka ya" balamachi, to make
the garments balama.

balalli, v. a.i., to creep, as a vine; to run,
as a vine; to scramble.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

85

balalli, n., a creeper; a scrambler; avine.

baleli, maleli, v. a. i. sing., to run, as
an animal or aman, 1 Cor. 9: 24; Gal.
5: 7; emallihinlashke, Heb. 12: 1; maleli
is the more common word: tilaya dual
(q. v.); tilahanya, tilaharyatok ‘did
run,’’ Matt. 28: 8: yilepa, pl., Mark
O25:

baleli, n., a runner.

baluhchi, n., the hickory bark which is
used in making ropes.

balup, n., slippery elm; also the linden,
or lind tree; the teil tree.

bali, v. t., to stab; to gore; to hook and
jab; to strike straight forward; to jab;
to beat up the materials for making
bahpo; to dagger; to dirk; to pick;
to prick; to push; to spur; to stick;
to beat, as meat in a mortar; to
thrust; to pierce, John 19: 34; Rev. 1: 7;
itinbati, to gore each other; issi nipi yan
bati, beat the venison; tu”shpat bati
hot, or tushpat bali ho”, make haste and
beat it!

bali, n., a stabber; one that gores or
hooks; a thruster; a beater.

bah, n., a push; a stab; a thrust.

batichi, v. t., to make anything stab,
gore, etc.

bam, balam, n., balm, Gen. 37: 25; bam
is the Choctaw pronunciation of balm.

bambaki, bamboki, a., not even; rough;
bulbous; rolling, as land having swells.

bambakichi, vy. t., to make uneven.

bamboki, v. n., to be uneven.

bamppoa, pass., shot with a blow gun;
discharged from a blow gun, whether
the arrow has hit the object shot at or
not.

bamppoa, n., a discharge; a shoot.

bamppulli, v. t., to shoot with a blow
gun.

bamppulli, n., ashooter; one that shoots
with a blow gun.

banatboa, banatboha, yv. a. i.
waye; to billow.

banatboa, banatboha, n.
willows.

banatbohachi, y. t., to cause the waves
to rise; to cause the water to wave.

banatha, n., a wave; a billow; a rolling;
asurge; a heave, James 1:6; Matt. 8: 24;
oka banatha, Matt. 14: 24.

banatha, v. a. i., to wave; to billow; to
roll; to heave.

pl., to

pl., waves;

86

banathachi, v. t., to make it wave, bil-
low, or roll; banatkachi, pl.

bano, ady., only; altogether; perfectly;
completely; all; merely; simply; to-
tally; utterly; wholly; entirely; ishi-
bano, Matt. 7: 8; receives entirely, Josh.
1:16, 17; yammakbano, that only; yak-
bano hor, Matt. 4: 4.

bano, a., mere; naked; simple; only;
iyi bano, barefoot; nipi bano, naked.

bano, a., alone; entire; stark; ilap bano,
himself alone; Matt. 14:23; hatak bano,
man alone; bano preceded by k is used
for the sign of the optative mood;
mintikbano, only that he comes.

bano, v.n., to be alone; to be entire;
banokmat, 2 Sam. 18: 25; banot, Matt.
MiG Pale

banochi, banuchiz, v. t., tomake it entire;
to make solitary or alone; ilap banochit
hassafilammachitka, ye shall leave me
alone, John 16: 382.

baptismo, n., baptism, Matt. 20: 23;
2 25.

baptismo, pass., baptized, Matt. 20: 23;
1 Cor. 10: 2; baptismo used with active
prep.

baptismochi, v. t., to baptize, Matt. 3: 11;
baptismohonchi, freq. Mark 1: 4; Matt.
28: 19; baptismochechi.

baptismochi, n., a baptist; one who
administers baptism; a baptizer.

baptist, n., a baptist; John the Baptist,
Matt. 3:15 Isat:

basaboa, pass. pl., sparks made.

basacha; basancha, in luak basancha, a
spark of fire. :

basachi, see basatichi.

basaha, y. a. i. sing., to pop or snap, as
burning wood.

basaha, n., a pop; a snap.

basahachi, vy. t. sing., to cause it to pop
or to snap; to make sparks.

basahkachi, vy. a. i. pl., to pop; to snap.

basahkachi, n. pl., a popping; a snap-
ping.

basak, basak, n. sing., a pop; a snap-
ping noise; snap of a stick, of clay
thrown against a wall, or of the fist in
giving a blow.

basakachi, v. a. i., lit. to say basak; to
snap; to pop.

basal, v. a. i. pl., to snap; to pop; to
explode, as burning wood.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

basal, n. pl., a popping; a snapping.

basalichi, basachi, v. t. pl., to cause a
snapping or popping.

basasu"kachi, n. pl., a poppitig; a snap-
ping.

basasu2kachi, a.,
scarred.

basasutkachi, basasu"kachi, vy. n., to
be brindled or striped.

basisakachi, y. a. i. pl., to snap; to
crack; to pop.

basoa, v.n., to be striped; to be brindled;
to be brinded; to be checked and tabby;
basasoah.

basoa, a., striped; brindled; brinded;
tabby.

basoa, pass., streaked.

basoa, n., stripes; spots of different col-
ors; a streak; a stripe; basasoah.

basoachi, basoachi, vy. t., to stripe; to
make brindled; to streak.

basoli, vy. t. pl., to stripe.

basoli, n. pl., stripes.

basolichi, v. t. caus., to make striped
work, as cloth.

brindled; striped;

basosutkachi, basasu"kachi, n. pl.,
sears; marks; small checks; small
stripes.

ba™spoah, n., slabs, or slats of paling.

basunlash, n., the gall; the bile; basun-
lash homi, gall of bitterness, or bitter
gall, Acts 8: 23.

basunlash aiatto or aialhto, n., the
gall bladder.

basunlash okchi, n., the gall; the mat-
ter secreted in the liver, Matt. 27: 34.

bashatkchi, n., elder, name of a shrub.

batshka, n., a good nature; a gentle
disposition.

batshka, a., good natured.

batshka, vy. n., to be good natured.

ba%shka achukma, a., friendly.

ba®shkiksho, a., sullen; irritable; cross;
morose; perverse; rugged; unpeaceable.

batshkiksho, y. n., to be sullen.

bashukcha, n., the sumac which bears
the purple bud. The other kind is
called bati (q. v.).

bat, adv., only; each; contracted from
bano or bano hosh; tuklo bat ia, two and
two go, or two in each company go.

bat, times, as twklo bat tuchinakmat hanali,
twice 3 is 6.

BYINGTON]

batammi, watammi, vy. t., to trip up
another in wrestling.

bato, conjunctive form of bano. See kba-
to and kbano.

bachalusha, n., sleet.

bachalusha, v. a. i., to sleet.

bachalushachi, y. t., to cause the sleet
to fall.

bahcha, bachcha, n., a ridge of land.

bahcha ikbi, v. t., to ridge; to make
ridges.

bahcha pissa, n., a straight ridge.

bahcha tabokaka, n., the top of the
ridge.

bakoku®kachi, bakoku®kachi (q. v.),
a., spotted; having many colors, as
Joseph’s coat, Gen. 37: 3.

bala, n., a bean; the name of one kind of
bean which is large.

bala hakshup, n., a bean pod; skin of a
bean.

bala hobbi, n., boiled beans.

bala okchi, n., bean porridge.

balakachi, v. a. i., to gulp; to swallow in
large drafts.

balbaha, v. a. i., to talk in a foreign or
unknown language; to prattle, as an
infant.

balbaha, n., one that talks in a foreign
language.

balbaha toba, v. a. i., to become one that
talks in a foreign language.

Balbancha (from balbaha + ansha), n.,
New Orleans; a place of foreign lan-
guages.

balli, v. t., to cut up underbrush; to clear
land by cutting off the undergrowth.

bali avanae de> tOvoits

banaha, n., boiled corn bread wrapped
in leaves, in which boiled beans are
mixed; a roll, as of bread or butter.

banaiya, n., a ridge, as a corn ridge, etc. ;
banaboa, pl.

banaiyachechi, v. t., to ridge; to ruffle.

banaiyachi, n., a ridge, such as is made
in a field where corn is planted.

banakachechi, y. t., to cause to fluctu-
ate or ripple.

banakachi, y. a. i., to fluctuate; to roll,
as the waves; to ripple; to ruffle; to

_ undulate.

banakachi, n., a sea; a wave.

banakachi, a., rough, as troubled water.

banakachi, pass., ruffled.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

87

banna, v. a. i., to want; to desire; to wish,
Matt. 5; 42; to crave; to seek, Luke 6,
19; to will, Matt. 14: 5; to gape; to long;
to need; to pant; to strive; to water,
as the mouth waters; ikbanno, n. f.
ikchibannokashke, thou shalt not wish;
baiyana, pro. form. abanna, to want of
or for; in want of, Matt. 6: 8; to need,
Matt. 6: 32; ikbaiyanno, a., not willing;
ikbanno, a., averse; loath; reluctant;
unwilling; v. n., to be averse.

banna, a., minded; prone; wishful; ikban-
no, a., reluctant.

banna, n., a longing; a wish; a need; a
wanting.

banna, n., a wisher; one who wants.

banna fehna, v. t., v. a. i., to covet; to
hanker; to wish intently.

banna fehna, a., covetous, greedy.

bappo, see bahpo.

basa, n., the name of the fish called pike.

basak, see basak.

basasu2kachi,
basosu®kachi.

baska, basto, v. a. i, to game; to
gamble; to play with cards or marbles;
to card.

baska, basto, n., a gambler; hatak baska,
a gambler.

basha (from bashli, v. t.), pass., sawn;
cut; carved; mown; mowed; reaped;
clipped; gashed; gelded; marked;
plowed; sheared; shorn; ikbasho, a.,
unmarked; unwounded.

basha, n., a gash; an incision; a mark; a
cut with a saw or knife.

basha hinla, a., perishable.

bashat holisso, bashat holisso, pp.,
graved; engraved; cut and written.

bashat holisso, n., an engraving.

bashechi, v. t., to wilt; to blast; to
wither; to shrink.

bashi, bashshi, pass., wilted; blasted;
blighted; contracted; faded; withered.

bashi, bashshi, v. a. i., to wither, Matt.
13: 6; to wilt; to blast; to contract; to
fade; to flag; to languish; to perish;
bashi chatuk, John 15: 6; bashit tahatok,
withered away, Matt. 13: 6; 21: 19.

bashi, n., a languisher.

bashkachi, pass. pl., laid in rows; laid
side by side, as sleepers under a floor;
bachaya, sing.

see basasunkachi and

88 _ BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

bashkachi, a. pl., lying in rows, as rows
of timber; hina bashkachi puta, the rows
of roads; bok ushi bashkachi puta, the
branches running in one direction, side
by side, as if in rows.

bashkachi, y. n., to lie in rows; to bein
rows.

bashkachi, n., rows.

bashli, v. t., to saw; to cut with a draw-
ing motion, as with a knife, sword,
scythe, or sickle, and therefore also
meaning to mow and to reap; to clip;
to castrate; to emasculate; to gash; to
geld; to hurt; to mark; to nick; to
reap; to shear; to slash; see Matt. 5: 30,
bashlit taplit ishkanchashke; ilebashli, to
cut himself.

bashli, n., a cutter; a sawyer; a mower;
a reaper; a marker; a shearer.

bashli, n., an incision; a cut.

bashlit holissochi, v. t., to engrave.

bashlit holissochi, n., an engraver.

Bashokla, or Paskokla, n., Pascagoula;
bread people, or cutting people [almost
certainly ‘‘bread people.’’—Ebs. ].

bashpapi, n.,aknife handle—acompound
word from bashpo knife, and api, han-
dle, stem, or stalk.

bashpo, n., a knife; aknife blade; a blade;
Josh. 5: 2, 3.

bashpo chito, n., a large knife; bashpo
chito imshukcha, n.,ascabbard; a sheath.

bashpo falaia, n., a long knife; a sword,
Josh. 5: 18; the blade of a sword; a
rapier; a dirk; a bilbo; a dagger, Matt.
26: 51, 52; 10: 34; Turk inbashpo falaia,
a Turk’s sword, i. e., a scimiter.

bashpo falaia aiulhpi, n., a hilt; the hilt
of a sword.

bashpo falaia atakali askufachi, n., a
sword belt.

bashpo falaia halupa, n., a sword blade.

bashpo falaia i"shukcha, bashpo falaia
afohka, n., a scabbard for a sword,
Matt. 26: 52.

bashpo falaia i9shukcha fohki, v. t., to
scabbard.

bashpo falaia patha, n., a broadsword.

bashpo ibbak pishinli, n., a table
knife; a case knife.

bashpo isht impa, n., a table knife; a
case knife, lit. a knife to eat with.

(BULL. 46

bashpo isht itibi, n., a dirk; a rapier; a
stiletto, lit., a knife to fight with.

bashpo itata"kla halupa, n., a two-
edged knife; a knife sharpened on both
sides.

bashpo potoma, n., a clasp knife; a
pocketknife.

bashpo wishakchi, n., the point of a
knife.

bashpuli, v. t., to sweep; to remove; to
obviate, as to prepare a path.

bashpuli, n., a sweeper.

bashpushi, n., a small knife; a pen-
knife; from bashpo, knife, ushi, son.

bashshi, see bashi.

basht, cut and; this is acontraction from
bashlit, to cut and.

basht pisa, v. t., to cut and see.

basht tapli, v. t., to cut off.

basht tapli,n., excision; basht tapa, pass.,
cut off.

basht tapli, v. t., to amputate; to cut off;
to mutilate.

basht tushaffi, v. t., to cut off; to slice off.

bashto, n., the overcup oak tree.

bati, n., the high sumac.

beka, a., alone; mere; stark; bieka, the
prolonged form of beka.

beka, v. n., to be alone; bieka in ano sa-
bieka hosh hikialachin hoke, John 16: 32,
in an old translation; ishbieka, Deut.
28: 13.

beka, bieka, ady., always; commonly;
usually; only; merely; simply; totally;
hitherto, Acts 23: 1; Luke 20: 20; yoh-
mi beka, he does so always; yammak
beka, that one only; beka is used in
speaking of the customary actions of
one who is dead, while chatuk is used in
speaking of such actions of one who is
yet alive; chatuk connects a past act
with present time, beka does not.

beli, v. t., to breast, as a suckling calf
or lamb.

biakak, biya"kak, n., a hawk; a chicken
hawk.

bicha, pass., drawn; taken from a cask.

bicha, v. a. i., to spout, as water.

bichataha, pp., racked; drawn off.

bicheli, v. t., to draw liquor; to take
from a cask; to cause a liquid to run
out; to draw; Inta! ho bicheli cha,
‘*Draw out now!” John 2: 8.

gto

ee ee eee see

eh

BYINGTON]

bicheli, n., a tapster; a drawer.

bicheh, vy. t., to draw a small quantity
of liquid from a cask.

bichet tali, v. t., to rack; to draw off
from the lees; to draw the liquor all off-

bichillahe keyu, a., waterproof; (lit.)’
it will not leak.

bichilli, pichilli, v. a. i. pl., to leak out;
to ooze; to percolate; torun out gently;
oka hat sakti apichilli, the water drips
from the bank; italhfo aiyat bichilli, the
keg leaks.

bichillichi, pichelichi, v. t. pl., to cause
to ooze out; to burst them; to break
them so that the liquid will flow out
gently.

bichokachi, pp. pl., bent; sprung; ‘i ai
bichokachi, the wood is bent.

bichokachi, v. a. i. pl., to bend; to spring.

bicholi, v. t. pl., to bend.

bichohi, n. pl., benders.

bicholichi, yv. t. pl. caus., to bend; to
make them bend.

bichota, pass., bent; sprung.

bichota, v. a. i., to bend; to spring.

bichotakachi, v. a. i., to spring a single
time.

bichubli, bochubli, v. t. sing., to squeeze
in the hand.

bichu2ko, n., the brisket.

bichulli, y. t. sing., to bend; to spring;
bichunli, nasal form, bending,

bichulli, n., a bender.

bichullichi, vy. t. caus., to bend.

bichupa, bochopa, pass., squeezed in
the hand; from bichubli, v. t. (q. v.).

bieka, from beka (q. v.), a., mere, John
16: 32.

bieka, adv., merely; only.

bifisha, n., a cluster of little bushes.

bihi, n., a mulberry; the fruit of the
mulberry tree.

bihi api, bihapi, n., a mulberry tree.

bihi chito, n., a large mulberry; a fig,
John 1: 48; Luke 138: 6 (changed to
Jik in the last edition).

bihi chito hishi, n., a fig leaf.

bihi holba, n., a sycamore, 1 Kings
10: 27.

bihi talaia, n., a mulberry grove.

bihapi, see bihi api.

bihkachi, pl., to be rent and worn out,
as cloth. This may be a contraction
of the genuine word.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

89

bitka, mi@ka, a., each; both; like; re-
sembling; of the same kind or species;
chaha kat kubit pokoli binka, each ten
cubits high, 1 Kings 6: 23; ilabitka,
each himself; both; Gen. 40: 5.

bitka, n., a fellow; tishu pibimka, our
fellow-servant, Col. 1: 7; tap birka,
their fellows, Matt. 11: 16.

bi"ka, v. n., to be like, or of the same
kind; hatak sabitka, a man who is like
me; na hollo chibinka, a white man who
is like you.

bitka, v.a.i. sing., to whine, as a puppy;
to yelp.

bi"kbia, v.a.i. pl., to whine; to yelp.

bi"kbia, n., a whine.

bitkbia, n., a whiner.

bikbina, n., a knop, Ex. 37: 17; 25: 23;
see kibikshi.

bikeli, v. t., to touch; to press up against
with a point or the end of anything; to
touch the side with a pointed object; to
flow in or over, as the tide; okhata chito
at bikeli; mikma wishakchi okat shutik
tabokaka bikelashke, and whose top shall
reach heaven, Gen. 2: 4.

bikeli, n., astick or anything that touches
or reaches to something else; a support;
a supporter.

bikelichi, y. t., to cause to reach up to;
to strike against an object overhead;
shutik hakakkia bikelichi bannat ahan-
shuatok, they desired to cause it to reach
up to the sky.

bikobli, bokobli, v. a. i., to bud; to put
forth buds; to shoot; takon api at bikobli,
the peach tree buds.

bikobli, pass., budded; put forth in buds.

bikobli, n., a bud; buds; a germ; the
shoot of a plant.

bikoblichi, y. t., to cause to bud.

bikoha., v. a. i. pl., to bend.

bikoha, pp. pl., bent; bikota, sing.

bikoha, n., bends.

bikokachi, pass. pl., bent.

bikokachi, v. a. i. pl., to bend.

bikoli, v. t. pl., to bend
breaking.

bikoli, n. pi., the persons who bend;
benders.

bikotichi, v. t. caus., to bend; to make
them bend.

bikota, pass. sing., of bikulli, bent.

without

90

bikota, v. a. i.,
sag; to sway.

bikota, n., a bend; the bend.

bikota hinla, a., flexible.

bikota keyu, a., unyielding»

bikotahe keyu, a., inflexible; tmanuk-
fila bikotahe keyu (his mind bend will
not), inflexible in purpose.

bikotakachi, y. a.i. sing., to bend once.

bikulli, v. t. sing., to bend; to incurvate;
to sag; bikunli, nasal form, to be bend-
ing.

bikulli, n., a bender.

bikullichi, y. t., to bend; to cause to bend;
to make it bend.

bikuttokachi, y. a. i., to cower; to squat;
to courtesy (as a lady); to bow or bend
down; isi at bikuttokachi (the deer bends
down), koi at (the tiger); or aba hushi
at bikuttokachi (air, fowl of, it squats).

bila, n., oil; fat; gravy; grease; nita bila,
bear’s oil; shukha bila, hog’s fat.

bila, v. a. i., to melt; to dissolve; to fuse;
to thaw; to resolve; bihinla, Josh. 2: 9,
11; to melt or faint, Josh. 7:5.

bila, a., unctuous; greasy.

bila, pass., melted; dissolved; fused;
thawed; liquefied; resolved; ikbilo, a.,
unmelted, unthawed; ikabilo, a., un-
dissolved.

bila bieka, a., oily; only oil; oil entirely.

bila hinla, a., fusible; dissolvable, (lit. )
melt can.

bila chapka, nani chapka, nia chapka,
n., a cockroach.

bila o"taha, pass.,
with fat.

bila o*lati, v. t., to baste; to drip fat
upon meat; to moisten with fat.

bila pala, n., a lamp; an oil lamp.

bilahama, pass., oiled; anointed; an-
ointed with oil.

bilahammi, y. t., to anoint with oil;
i. e., him or herself.

bilahammichi, y. t., to anoint another
with oil.

bilahe keyu, a.,
will not.

bilakh, balakhi (q. v.), v. a. i., to wilt; to
droop; to wither.

bilakh, pass., wilted; a.,
WwW ithered!

bila"kh, n., a a round and long hill.

bilaktichi, y. t., to wilt; to wither.

to bend; to crouch; to

basted; moistened

indissoluble, (lit. ) melt

flaccid; pp.,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

{[BuULL, 46

bileli, v. t., to melt; to fuse; to thaw; to
dissolve; to colliquate; to liquefy; to
resolve; to run; ‘‘to make melt,”
Josh. 14: 8; bilet, contracted form with
¢ conjunctive.

bileli, n., a melter.

bilelichi, v. t., to melt; to cause to melt.

bilhkachi, pl. of binili.

bilia, adv., always, Matt. 18: 10; perpetu-
ally; forever; continually; eternally;
regularly; off, Josh. 4: 7, 24; away; iat
bilia, gone away, gone off, Heb. 13: 8;
hikia biliat peh biliashke, stands forever
and ever, Heb. 1: 8.

bilia, a., continual; eternal, John 3: 15;
ever; e’er; everlasting, John 3: 16; in-
cessant; lasting; perennial; permanent;
perpetual; unbegotten; unceasing; un-
intermitted; unremitted; aiissikkopa
bilia and aiokchayat bilia, Matt. 25: 46.

bilia, v. a. i., to be or do always; to con-
tinue, ano yokat hachiapehat ayat biliali,
Matt. 28: 20 (old translation).

bilia, v. n., to be always; to be forever;
to be continual; to continue evermore;
okcharya na biliahe, John 6: 51; hachi-
yukpa na biliashke, rejoice ye evermore,
1 Thess. 5: 16; abdilia, adv., forever,
Matt. 6: 18; where it is always; to
eternity.

biliachechi, vy. t., to perpetuate.

biliachi, v. t., to make perpetual or con-
tinual.

bilitka, ady., just; nigh; close by; at
hand; Chihowa aiibilitka, nigh to God,
James 4: 8.

bilitka, n., nearness; vicinage; vicinity;
bilitka alatok, 2 Sam. 18: 25; abilirka, a
suburb; a neighborhood, Josh. 20: 5;
inbilika, u., propinquity to it, him, or
her; ibilinka, a., snug.

bilitka, a., near; eileen by; close; bilika
fehna, too close; contiguous; adjacent;
imminent; nigh; proximate, Matt. 3:5;
itinbilitka, a., thickget; near to each
other; bilitkakmak bano pisa, a., near-
sighted; to see that only which is near.

bilitka, vy. t., to come near; to near; to
approach; itirbilizka, to come near each
other; itinbilika fehna, to be too near
each other.

bilitka, v. n., to be near; to be close by,
Matt. 15: 29; bilinkat ibataklat, Scrip.
Biog., Abraham and Lot, p. 20; itimbil-

BYINGTON]

inka, to be near each other; itibilitka
atsha, n., a neighborhood; a proximity
to each other; nearness to each other.

bilitkasi, a. dim., very near; not far off;
quite near, Matt. 15: 8.

bilitkasi, v. n., to be very near; isht i”-
bilinkasi ilonashke, ‘‘let us draw near,”’
Heb. 10: 22.

bili"katta, v. a. i., to reside near.

bili*kachi, v. t., to bring near; to draw
near; to fetch near; to approximate;
ilabilinkachi, Luke 9: 47.

bilitkatta, n., a neighbor; one that
dwells near.

bilinchi, vy. a. i., v. t., to draw near; to
come near; to make near; to draw nigh;
to near; ishpi"bilinchashke, do you come
near to us; ilap mat hachinbilinchachin
hoke, he will draw nigh to you, James
4: 8.

bilinchi, a., near.

bilinchi, advy., nearly.

bilinchi kat iMshaht tali, a., nearest.

[bilitsbi,n., the name ota bird.—H.S. H.]

pilitsbili, n., a very young turkey, just
beginning to cry.

bila, pass. pl. of bili,
wounded; hurt; pricked.

bila, a., wounded; hurt.

bitepa, sing., lipia, pl., to lie on the face;
to lie low; to sit with a downcast eye;
bitimpa, nasal form.

bitepa, pl. of biniliiN. Gardner.

bili, v. t., to bunt, as a calf bunts the
bag to make the mother’s milk come,
i. e., to work at the bag by pushing,
bunting, ete. This word is applied to
the rubbing of deer skins with a stick
flattened and sharp at one end to make
the skin soft and pliant.—J. Hudson.

bili, v. t. pl., to point at; to prick; to
wound; to hurt; to injure the feelings;
to spur; chukash bili, to wound the
heart; itimbiti, to point at each other,
etc.; abiti, to perforate at, i. e., to set
up bushes or poles for peas, beans, etc. ;
nipi isht biti, n., a flesh hook, 1 Sam.
Allo.

bili, n. pl., wounders; those that wound,
hurt, point, etc.; or one that wounds,
etc., more times than once.

bilibli, v. t. sing., to point at; to prick;
to point out; bili is the plural form

perforated ;

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

91

(q. v.); ef. bitihimbli in okchalinchi yan
chinbilihimbli kat kallo keyu.

bilibli, n., a pointer.

bim, n., sound of a tree falling through
the air; a roaring.

bimihachechi, y. t., to make a roaring.

bimihachi, y. a. i., to roar, as fire in dry
grass, or as a flock of birds when on the
wing; tocrash; tomumble; to murmur;
to peal.

bimihachi n., the roar; the roaring; a
peal.

bimimpa, v. a. i., to crash; to roar.

bina, n., a camp; a lodging place out of
doors and without shelter; a camping
ground; an encampment; a tabernacle;
a tent, Josh. 3: 14; a host, Josh. 1: 11;
binah, 1 Sam. 4: 6; bina wihat kucha,
y. t., to decamp; to move out of camp.

bina atsha, pass., tented; camped.

bina awiha, n., a deserted camp.

bina awiha, v. t., to move from a camp.

bina hilechi, yv. t,., to pitch a camp.

bina talali, v. t., to tent; to set a tent.

binachi, v.t., tocamp; toencamp; 1 Sam.
4:1; Josh. 8:9; binanchi, nasal form,
to be camping; Josh. 4: 19; 5: 10; 10: 5.

binachi, n., one that camps.

binanchi, n., a camping; the act of en-
camping.

binili, v. a. i., to sit; to take a seat; to
settle; ont binilima ‘‘when he was set,”’
Matt. 5: 1; 13: 1; to fix one’s habitation
or residence; to abide, John 1: 82; to
sit down, Luke 4: 20; to encamp; to
light; to nestle; binint; idebinili, to seat
himself; to sit; to perch; to rest on the
feet, as fowls; ilabinili, to retire; to sit
alone; tlabinili, n., a retreat; a retire-
ment; ombinili, v. t., to sit on; to incu-
bate; to ride; takla binili, v. a. i., to in-
trude; to sit among.

binili, n., a sitter; a setter; one that set-
tles; wihat binili, a colony; apetiechi ka
yat wihat binili, Col. Folsom’s colony;
oklat wihat binili, a colony of people.

binili, n., asitting; ta%kla binili, n., an in-
truder; binili ho” ont pisatok, Matt. 9: 9;
tankla binili, n., an intrusion.

binili, pp., seated; settled; located; kan-
allit binili, colonized; ikbinilo, a., un-
seated; achukmat ikbinilo, a., unsettled;
binili bilia, a., sedentary.

92

binilichi, v. t., to seat; to place on a seat;
to establish one in a habitation or place;
to cause to sit down; to settle him or
her at a place, as on new land; kanal-
lichit binilichi, v. t., to colonize; to in-
stall; to locate; to set; to settle.

bininili, vy. a. i. freq., to sit here and,

there; to be sitting here and there;
moving about from seat to seat.

bininli, v. t., nas. form, to be sitting, Gen.
18: 1; 19: 1; John 4:6; plural chitya;
binihinli, frequentative; binininli, orbin-
ininh, iterative.

binnilechi, v. t., to cause to sit a long
time.

binnili, y.a.i., to sit down a long time;
to abide, 2 Kings 1: 9; to be there,
Matt: 6:92 15213" 16:d7) 18210:

binohmaya, n., a sitting round.

binoht, cont. from binoli; binoht taiyaha
ma or binotit taha ma, and were set down
together, Luke 22: 55.

binoht aiasha, vy. a. i., to sit around.

binoht aiasha, pass., seated around,
John 6: 11.

binoht maya, v.a.i. pl., to sit round; to
sit by; yamma binohmanyatuk, ‘‘sitting
by,’”’? Luke 5: 17; alla yosh binohmanya,
Matt. 11: 16.

binoli, v. a. i. pl., to lodge, Matt. 13: 32;
to sit; to take a seat; to settle; to sit
down; okla laua yat aka hashuk aom-
binolachi, Matt. 14:19; obinotit marya,
“‘which sat,’’? Rev. 12: 16; yamma om-
binilihatukma, “him that sitteth there-
on,” Matt. 23: 22; binotahe oke, shall sit
down, Matt. 8: 11.

binoli, n., sitters; those who take seats or
settle; abinoti, seats. See Matt. 21: 12.

binoli, pass., seated; settled.

binotichi, vy. t. caus., to seat; to place on
aseat; to colonize; to settle them.

binolichi, n. pl., one who colonizes or
settles others; one that seats others or
those who colonize.

bint, in mih bint achukma.

bisakchakinna, bisukchakinna, n., a
bramble; a green wild vine having
briars and bearing berries, growing in
swamps and low grounds, and called
the bamboo brier.

bisakchakinna foka, a.,
thorny; joka, about, ete.

brambly;

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

bisakchula, n., the name of a weed re-
sembling nila i®pisa; the leaves are
long and tough.

bisali, bisinli, n., a sprout; a twig; uksa-
kapi bisinli, a hickory withe.

bisali, vy. a. i., to sprout; to shoot forth,
as young leaves; to germinate; bisanli,
nasal form; bisali, bisanli, pp., sprouted.

bisanli, n., a sprout.

bisanlichi, vy. t. caus., nasal form, to
sprout; to cause it to sprout and grow.

bisanlih, n., a crack; a chap in the skin
of the hands or face; a small crack.—
Ja.

[biskantak, n., a bird of the tomtit
family.—H.S. H.]

biskinak, biskinik, n., a small speckled
woodpecker, called by some a sap-
sucker.

bislichi, y. t., to milk.

bissa, n., a blackberry.

bissalukani, n., the seed of the weed
spoken of below.

bissatu"ko, n., a weed, the vulgar name
of which is beggars’ lice.

bissapi, n., a blackberry brier; a bram-
ble bush; abramble; bissapi ako” panki
an aiamo, Luke 6: 44.

bissapi foka, a., brambly.

bissukchanaki, bissatukko, n., thorns,
Luke 8: 7, 14; thorns is rendered kati
in the last translation.

bissuntalali, haiuntalali, n., a dew-
berry.

bisukchakinna, see bisakchakinna.

bishahchi, pass., milked; ikbishacho, a.,
unmilked; not milked.

bishahchi, wishahchi, a., milch; giving
milk.

bishbeli, bishbeli, v.i., to ooze out.

bishkoko, bishkokok, n., a robin; robin
redbreast.

bishkoni, n., name of an oak; the acorns
are long and yellow, bark yellowish.

bishkumak, n., a red bird.

bishlichi, wishlichi, v. t., to milk; wak
at bishlichi, he milks the cow.

bishlichi, n., one that milks; a milker.

bita, n., a turban or tire; a frontal; a
frontlet; a head band; a band for the
head. Choctaw men weara silver band
on the head called tali hata bita, a silver
head band.

BYINGTON} _

bita, pass., turbamed ; having on a frontal
or head band.

bitanli, n., acrack; asmall crack; achap;
a crevice; a flaw; yakni bitanli, a crack
in the ground, and cracked ground; a
large crack.

bitanli, v. a.i., to crack open slightly; to
chap.

bitanli, pass., cracked open; yakni bi-
tanh.

bitanlichi, v. t., to crack open; to chap;
to flaw.

bitatatya, v. a. i. pl., to crack open.

biteli, v. t., to put a frontlet or turban
called a bita on one’s self; to put ona
silver headband.

bitelichi, v. t., to put a turban or head
band on another person; to crown, Ps.
BHD:

bitema, a., fetid; having a disagreeable
smell, like that of old bones; joni at
bitema, the bones are fetid.

bitema, v. a. i., tosmell bad; to be fetid;
to stink.

bitema, n., fetid; a stench like that of
old bones.

bitemachi, vy. t., to cause a fetid smell.

bitepa, v. t. sing., to put the hands on;
to press on with the hands; ibbak at
. . . umbitepa, Luke 4:40; to rest upon,
while leaning on the hands; ombitepa,
umbitepa, or o®bitepa are usual expres-
sions for ‘‘ laying on.”’

bitka, v. t. pl., to bear on with the hands.

bitonoa, botonoa, pass., bent.

bitonoa, botonoa, v. a. i., to bend.

bitonoli, botonoli, v. t., to bend.

biutko, n., a strawberry; biu™ko at nuna,
the strawberries are ripe.

biu"ko api, n., a strawberry vine.

biuntalali, see haiyantalali.

biya"kak, bia"kak, n., a hawk; a large
chicken hawk.

boa, pass., beaten; beat; hammered;
pounded; drubbed; see boli.

boafa, see boyafa.

boat pilefa, pass., riveted; beaten and
turned down on; botpiliffi v. t., to rivet.

boaffi, see boyafji.

bochokachi, pass. pl., squeezed in the
hand.

bocholi, v. t. pl., to squeeze in the hand.

bochopa, bichupa, pass. sing., squeezed
in the hand.

A DICTIONARY OF THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 93

bochubli, bichubli, v. t., sing., to squeeze
in the hand; to hold fastasa trap holds
game.

bochunoa, pass., squeezed up.

bochunoli, vy. t. pl., to squeeze them up.

bochupha, y. a. i., to contract; draw up
and sink in like the breast of a child
with sickness in the breast.

bochusa, v. a. i., to warp; to curl up;
to twist; itishima at bochusa, the shin-
gle warps.

bochusa, pass., warped; bent; twisted.

bochusachi, vy. t., to warp; to twist; to
curl; to cause it to warp.

boha; oka wiboha, water mixed and ren-
dered dirty or roily; kafi itiboha, roily
or muddy coffee.

bohokachi, vy. t., to churn.

bohpoa, pass. of bohpuli, thrown; slung.

bohpuli, v. t. pl., bol, sing., to send; to
throw; to sling; isht bohpulit foki, v. t.,
to inject; isht bohpulli, to take and
throw; isht bohpulit oka itokachi (from
it and okachi), to douse.

bohpuli, n., a sender; a thrower.

bok,n.,a brook; acreek; anaturalstream
of water less than a river; a river, as
Bok humma, Red river; Mississippi Bok,
Mississippi river.

bok aiitisetili, n., a junction of creeks;
a place where the creeks meet and run
together.

bok aiyanalli, n., the channel of the
creek; the place where the creek flows.

bok anu2ka, n., a swamp on the sides of
a creek; (lit.) within the bok.

bok anu®ka, a., swampy.

bok asetili, n., the mouth of a creek.

bok chutaffi, n. sing., a single division
of the creek; a branch of a creek; the
word branch as used in the South means
asmall brook, a rivulet.

bok chuh, n. pl., the branches of water
courses belonging to one creek; the
head branches which mingle and form
the creek.

bok falaia, n., long creek; the name also
of a particular creek, Long creek; Bok
falaia ako mintili, | came from Long
creek.

bok falakto, n., the fork of a creek.

bok intannap, n., theside of the creek;
the other side of the creek; the oppo-
site side of the creek.

94

bok itahnoli, n., junction of creeks.

bok itipatalhpo, n., a bridge made over
a creek, or a crossway made in the
swamp near the creek.

bok mishtannap, n., the farther side
of a creek; the other side of a creek.

bok ola intannap, n., this side of the
creek; the side of the creek this way.
Four words are here compounded, bok
creek, ola this way, in to it, tannap,
side.

bok ola tannap,n., this sideof the creek.

bok sakti, n., banks of a river, Josh.
oe LD.

bok ushi, n., (a diminutive from bok, a
river, and ushi, son, lit., the son of
a river); a rivulet; a brook; a branch
(a word in use in the South, meaning
the same as brook); a rill.

bok wiheka, top of a side of a creek.

bok wishahchi, n., the fountain; the
head of a creek.

bokafa, pass. sing., broken open; burst;
cracked; bokaff, v. t.

bokafa, y. a. i., to break open; to crack;
to burst; to open; to explode.

bokafa, n., a crack; an eruption.

bokaka®kachi, v. a. i., to break open;
to burst open.

bokali, pass. pl., broken open.

bokalichi, y. a. i. pl., to break open;
bokanli, nasal form, being cracked open;
na pakanli bokanli putaka, ‘‘ open flow-
ers,’’ 1 Kings 6: 18.

bokatichi, vy. t. pl., to crack them open;
to burst; to cause them to open.

bokanli, n., a bud.

bokanli, v. a. i., to bud.

bokanli, pass., budded.

bokanlichi, y. t., to cause it to bud.

bo"kachi, pass. pl., doubled up; rolled
up; wrapped up; folded up; pass. of
bunni (q. v.), v.t., to double up.

bo®"kachi, v. a. i., to roll up.

bo"kachi, n. pl., bundles; rolls.

bokaffi, v. t. sing., to break open; bokafa,
pass.

bokboki, a., roan; isuba bokboki, a roan
horse; moldy, as bread, Josh. 9: 5.

bokboki, y.n., to be roan.

bokbokichi, y. t., to make ofa roan color.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 46°

bokko, vy. a.i., to be a hill; bokko, nasal,
being hilly; bokko ilatya, we go among
the hills.

bokko, n., a hillock; a knoll; a hum-
mock; a bank; a mound; a mount; a
swell; anything round (see Josh. 5: 8),
or like a cup; the top of the head.

bokko, pass., banked.

bokkuchi, y. t., to make a bank or hill;
to bank, 2 Kings 19: 32.

bokkushi, n. (a dim.), a small hillock;
from bokko and ushi.

bokobli, see bikobli, v.a.i., to bud.

bokokakachi, bokoka®kachi, pass.,
broken open, as the pod of certain fruits,
etc.

bokonnoa, pass., pressed against.

bokonoli, v. t., to press up; to bend up;
to raise up, as the seed which grows
underground presses against the earth,
and makes it crack open.

bokota, bikota, v.a.i., to bend.

bokota, bikota (q. v.), pass., bent; a.,
crooked.

bokulli, bikulli (q. v.), v. t., to bend.

bokupli, bikobli (q. v.), v. a. i., to bud.

bokusa, v. a.i., to warp; to crisp; to draw
up; to turn up.

bokusa, pass., warped; crisped; drawn up.

bokusachi, y. t., to warp; to cause to
bend up at the sides or at the ends.

bolbokechi, v. t. pl., to make circles or
squares.

bolboki, a. pl., circular; square.

bolboki, n. pl., circles; squares.

boli, v. t. pl., isso sing., to strike; to beat;
to bang; to hammer; to pound; to batter;
to pelt, Acts 7: 57; to hit or strike
once; to bastinade; to smite; to forge;
to lay on, as blows; to maul; to pelt; to
thrash; boa (q. v.), pass., beaten;
shaken; bonli, nasal form; bohonli, freq. ;
boyuli, pro. form; ileboli, to smite him-
self; itiboli, tostrike each other; to fight.

boli, n., a striker; a hammerer; one who
works with a hammer; a pelter; a
thrasher; as tali boli, a blacksmith or
ironsmith. :

bolkachechi, y. t., to make circles or
squares.

bolkachi, a. pl., bolukta sing., circular.

bolkachi, n., circles; squares.

BYINGTON ]

bolu"kboa, v. a. i., to make a cry like
‘that of a person who has the night-
mare.

bolukta, n. sing., a circle: a square;
orbed; a quadrangle; roundness; bol-
buki, pl. This word is used for both
because there are no distinct words.

bolukta, pass., orbed; squared; rounded.

bolukta, a., square; circular; round; four
square; quadrangular; nantapaski bo-
lukta, a square pocket handkerchief.

bolukta, v. n., to be square or circular;
to be round.

.-boluktali, v. t., to go round; to take
round.

boluktachi, vy. t., to make a square ora
circle; to round.

bol, v. t., to stock; to store; to stow;
kanima aboti, where to lay; Matt. 8:
20; to send, Matt. 10: 34; 25: 27: to
lay, Luke 6:48; to lay down; to deposit;
to lay up; to put; to give; 2 Kings 6:
28, 29; Josh. 7: 11; to put out a proc-
lamation, 2 Chron. 30: 5; to bestow;
to lay up in store; to offer; to couch;
to dispose; to pack; to pawn; to pledge;
to stake; boyuti, pro. f., italallit boli,
to pack together; itaboti, to lay up
for himself; ishilaboli, you lay it by
itself; itiboli, to lay down against each
other, as a wager; ikboto, a., unstored;
unlaid.

boli, n., one that lays down, deposits,
etc.; an offerer; a pawner.

boh, n., a pawn; a pledge; a wager.

bombaki, bambaki (q. v.), a., rough;
uneven.

bonna, a., rolled up.

bonuha, y.a.i. sing., to roll up.

bonuha, pass., rolled up; from bonulli
(assay).

bonuha, n., a roll.

bonulli, y. t. sing., to’double up; to roll
up; to bundle up; to wrap up.

bonulli, n., a wrapper; one that wraps.

bonunta, pp., rolled up; doubled up.

bonunta, y. a.i., to roll; to double; to
curl.

bonunta, n., a roll; a bundle; a pack; a
parcel.

boppoa, pp., sent.

boshulli, v. a.i., to crumble; to break in
pieces.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

95

boshulli, pass., crumbled; broken in
fragments; mashed.

boshulli, pl., crumbs; bits; fragments;
small pieces; imaiimpa yor boshulli,
crumbs of his table, Luke 16: 21; frag-
ments, Matt. 14: 20; 15: 27, 37.

boshullichi, v. t., to crumble; to break
in pieces; to mash.

bot, contracted form of boli; bot abi, to
kill by blows; isht bot kanchi, to strike
with and kill.

bot apelifichi, vy. t., to rivet.

bot apiliffi, v. t., to rivet.

bot shebli, v. t., to malleate; to draw into
a plate or leaf by beating.

bot shepa, pp., malleated.

bota, pass., pounded; pulverized; pow-
dered.

bota, v.a.i., to become flour.

bota, n., flour made of parched corn by
pounding it; powder.

bota hata, bota tohbi, n., wheat flour.

bota kapassa, n., cold flour made of
parched corn.

bota lakcha™sha, bota lakchi a™sha,
n., coarse meal.

bota lashpa, n., flour made of parched
corn.

bota o"fima, pass., powdered.

bota ta™shpa, n., corn flour made of
corn parched without being boiled.

bota tohbi, bota hata, n., wheat flour;
white flour.

bota tohbiisht o®fimmi, vy. t., to powder
with wheat flour.

botoli, v. t., to pulverize; to pound fine;
to reduce to a fine powder by pounding
in the mortar.

botolichi, botullichi, y. t., to rub fine;
to pulverize (not quite fine); to powder.

botona; wski botona, a cane bent for tongs.

botonoa, see bitonoa.

botonoli, see bitonoli.

botosha, buttoshah, v. a. i., to dazzle;
to be overpowered by light; to be en-
feebled; nishkin botosha, applied to the
eyes of the aged; iyi at botosha, the leg
is feeble.

botulli, n., filings; dust; small pieces;
powder.

botullichi, see botolichi.

boyafa, boafa, pass., rubbed off, as the
hair is rubbed from a hide; molted; ik-
boafo, a., unshed.

96

boyafa, v. a. i., to shed the hair, feathers,
or coat; to molt; see boyaffi, trans. verb.

boyafa, n., the shedding of the hair.

boyati, pass. pl., rubbed off.

boyali, v. a. i. pl., to shed the hair.

boyati, n., the shedding of the hair.

boyatichi, vy. t. pl., to rub the hair off
from skins.

boyaffi, boaffi, v. t. sing., to rub the hair
from a skin, as tanners dress hides
when taking off the hair; to molt;
ileboafi, to shed his own hair or coat
and horns, as a deer.

boyaffi, n., one who rubs the hair from
a skin.

bufboli, y. a. i., to pant for breath, as a
man in a fever.

buna, pass. pl., rolled up; doubled up.

buna, vy. a. i., to roll up.

buna, n., rolls; bundles.

bunni, v. t. pl., to double up; to roll up;
to fold up; alhbona, pass., doubled up.

bunto, n., a hill; asmall hill; a barrow;
a mound; a potato hill.

bunto, pass., made into a hill.

buntochi, v. t., to make hills for pota-
toes; to hill up the ground.

busha, pass., squeezed; wrung out; ex-
pressed; extracted.

busha hinla, a., expressible, i.
be squeezed out.

bushli, y. t., to squeeze out a liquid; to
wring out water, as from wet clothes
after being washed; to express; to ex-
tract; to press; to wring.

bushli, n., a wringer.

bushto, n., name of an oak which bears
a large acorn.

bushul, n., a bushel.

bushul iklanna, n., a half bushel.

bushul iklanna iklanna, n., a peck,
i. e., half of a half bushel.

buttoshah, see botosha.

butummi, n., fine drizzle; fine rain.

e., can

ch, see chi.

cha, conj., and, usually connects two
verbs which have the same nomina-
tive; itih ha” wakammi cha, opened his
mouth and, Matt. 5: 2; if the second
verb has a different nom. from the first,
na is often used. Cha is also used at
the close of some questions, as John
1:50; Matt. 2:7, 8, 18, 14, 16; haklo

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

cha, Matt. 7: 24; mati cha, Matt. 7: 25;
haklo cha, Matt. 7: 26; 17: 27; chiyimmi
hacha? It seems to refer at times to
something not looked for or expected;
Jik api at bashit taha cha, the fig tree is
withered away, Matt. 21: 20. See
hacha.

chachachi, v.i., to hop and flit like a
bird.

chaha, n., height; altitude; grandeur;
growth; loftiness; rankness; stature; a
steep; steepness; sublimity; hachi chaha,
your stature, Matt. 6: 27; achahaka, n.,

. ahigh place, 1 Kings, 11: 7.

chaha, a., pp., high; lofty; tall; sublime;
elevated; steep; eminent; grand; high,
as to musical key; sakti chaha, a steep
bluff, Matt. 5: 1; nanih chaha yor, a
high hill.

chaha, v.n., to be high or lofty.

chaha, y.a.i., to tower.

chaha, chahat, ady., aloft; on high;
stately.

chaha, pass., heightened; elevated; ex-
alted; raised higher; raised.

chaha i®shaht tali, a., uppermost;
highest.

chaha i®shali, a., upper; higher, Luke
14: 10.

chaha i®8shali nanih, n., an eminence;
a mountain higher than (others).

chaha moma i®shali, a., the highest,
Luke 2: 14.

chahachi, v. t., to elevate; to raise up;
to heighten; toenhance; to ennoble; to
exalt; to raise; to sublimate; to sub-
lime; to cause it to be higher.

chahachi, n., a raiser.

chahachi, n., a raising.

chahapi, chahe api, n., a hoe handle.

chahe, n., a hoe.

chahe aialhpi, chahe aiulhpi, n., a hoe
handle. .

chahe iskifa, n., a mattock; lit., a hoe
axe

chahikcheli, v.a.i., to limp.

chahikcheli, n., a limper.

chahikli, v.a.i., to limp.

chahikli, n., a limper.

Chahta, n., a Choctaw; Choctaw (pl.).

Chahta, a., Choctaw; Chahta yakni,
Choctaw nation; Chahta anumpa, Choc-
taw language.

BYINGTON ]

Chahta, v. n., to be a Choctaw.

Chahta anumpa, n., the Choctaw lan-
guage; a Choctaw speech or word; the
Choctaw tongue.

Chahta alla, Chahtalla, a Choctaw
child; Choctaw children.

Chahta hatak, n.,a Choctaw man; Choc-
taw men.

Chahta i2kowi, n., a Choctaw mile.

Chahta imanumpa, n., the language of
the Choctaw; the words of a Choctaw.

Chahta imisuba, n., the horse of a Choc-
taw.

Chahta isuba, n., a Choctaw horse; a
Choctaw pony.

Chahta isht atia, v. n., to be descended
from the Choctaw; to be of the Choc-
taw race.

Chahta isht ia, n., the Choctaw race;
Choctaw descent; Choctaw origin; Choc-
taw blood.

Chahta ohoyo, n., a Choctaw woman.

Chahta okla, n., the Choctaw; Choc-
taw; the Choctaw nation; the Choctaw
tribe; the Choctaw people.

Chahta yakni, n., Choctaw land; Choc-
taw nation; Choctaw country; Choctaw
soil; Choctaw ground.

Chahtalla, see Chahta alla.

chahto, n., a drought; dryness; want of
rain.

chahto, a., dry; droughty; wanting in
rain.

chahto, y. n., to be dry; to be droughty.

chahtochi, v. t., to cause a drought.

chahtoshba, a., never.

chaka,n., a comb; a gill; gills; the flaps
that hang below the beak of a fowl;
inchaka, his comb; his gills.

chakali, chakkali, a., nine, 9, ix
(numeral), Matt. 18: 12; 2 Sam. 24: 8;
hashi chakkali, nine months.

chakali, v. n., to be nine.

chakali, v. a. i., to make nine; as echa-
kali, we make nine; chakali bat chakali,
nine times nine.

chakali, chakali, a., pregnant; gravid;
great; big.

chakali, chakali, y. n., to be pregnant;
to be with child, Matt. 1: 23; v.a.i., to
teem.

chakali, n., pregnancy.

chakaliha, ady., nine times.

84339°—Bull. 46—15——_7

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

97

chakapa, n., vile language; reviling; pro-
faneness; the language made use of in
the place of common swearing as in use
among the lowest classes of white and
black people.

chakapa, a., vile; low; vulgar; indecent;
reproachful; filthy.

chakapa, v. a. 1., v. t., to revile; to utter
filthy language; to blackguard; to in-
veigh; to vilify.

chakapa, n., a reviler; one who utters
foul language in contempt and _ re-
proach; a blackguard.

chakiffa, n., a gizzard; the gizzard.

chakkali, see chakali.

chakla, n., an oyster.

chakli, n., a cup (authority, Nelson Mc-
Coy’s mother, May 15, 1855); a vessel
used for boiling coffee; a coffee pot; a
tin coffee pot.

chakoa, pass., notched.

chakoa, n. pl., notches.

chakofa, pass., notched.

chakofa, n., a notch.

chakoffi, vy. t. sing., to notch; to cut a
notch.

chakoffi, n., a notcher.

chakoli, y. t., to string, as to string
venison for drying.

chakoli, y. t. pl., to notch; to cut notches;
chakonli, nasal form.

chakolichi, v. t. caus., to cut notches; to
make notches; chakonlichi, see 1 Kings
6: 18; Exodus 31: 5.

chakowa, pass., strung up and dried;
isi nipt chakowa, venison strung up and
dried; chakonwa, see 1 Kings 6: 29.

chakpa, a., being part way; not mid-
way; iti chakpa; nitak i®chakpa.

chakpa, vy. n., to be part way; to be not
midway.

chakpaka, n., side, as of a well or cup.

chakpatali, n., the foot of a hill; the base
of a hill; chakpatali ka, Luke 8: 33;
Judg. 19: 1.

chakpatalika, n., the place at the foot of
the hill; the foot of the hill.

chakwa, n., soreness in the throat; an
ulcer in the throat; bronchitis.

chakwabi, chakwaabi, vy. n., to have
such a soreness.

chalatka, v.a.1., to scream.

chala"ka, n., a scream,

98 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

chalakbi, see chilakbi.

chalakwa, see chilakwa.

chalantak, see chilantak.

Chalakki, n., a Cherokee; the Cherokee.

Chalakki, a., Cherokee.

Chalakki hatak, n., a Cherokee man; a
Cherokee.
Chalakki okla, the Cherokee people;
the Cherokee nation; the Cherokee.
chalak, n., a snap; the noise made by
snapping a gunlock.

chalakachi, v. a.i., tosnap; tosay chatak.

chalakwa, chalakba, n., a copperhead
snake.

chattchaha; aka"ka at cha™chaha, the
cackling of a hen after laying an egg.

chatek, a., possible, and known to both
speaker and hearer; chalek, recent past
time; -k is contracted from kamo; it
may have been, Gen. 3: 1; it might
have been; perhaps it was, and you and
I knew it; chitchuka onali chatek? did I
not go to your house (and you knew it)?

chah, v. n., to be possible, and some-
thing known to both speaker and
hearer.

chali, v. a. i., to stride; to walk fast.

chali, a., fast; swift.

chali, n., a fast walker.

chalichi, y. t. caus., to cause to walk
fast; to make him walk fast.

chalik, adv., possibly; perhaps; surely,
and known (chatek, Gen. 3: 1, old
translation; hachimachi chatek) .

chalin, ady., possibly; probably; same
as chalek, but referring to a more remote
past time.

chamak, n., a clink.

chamakachi, chama®kachi, v. a. i., to
clink; to say chamak.

chamo, a., past, gone by and remotely;
kamo and kamo express a time that is
recent. These words can be translated
by was, were, have been. chamois used
for renewed mention and _ indicates
something seen or well known to the
speaker; yohmichamo, it wasso. There
is another mode of expressing the same
idea, viz., yohmin, it was so, and I saw
it; dakoffinn, he has recovered to my
personal knowledge.

chamo, vy. n., to be past.

chamo, ady., used after verbs, and not
only gualifies them, but also indicates

[ BULL. 46

the remote past tense and that the
thing spoken of was seen or well known
to the speaker, as though he were an
eye or ear witness; still tok is used by
some speakers before chamo. See kamo
and kamo.

champko, n., the shin.

champulachi, v. t., to sweeten; to honey.

champuli, n., sweetness; honey.

champuli, a., sweet; grateful to the
taste; grateful to the heart; dulcet; lus-
cious; saccharine.

champuli, y. n., to be sweet.

champuli, pp., sweetened.

champuli, n., sweetness; honey.

chanahachi, y. t. pl., to turn them
around; to roll them over; to cause
them to run around.

chanaia; itachanaia, v. a. i., to be two
together alone, like an old man and
woman at home alone.

chanakbi, v. n., to be crooked; see
chinakbi.

chanakbichi, see chinakbichi.

chanashik, n., a large yellow wasp.

chanalli, v. a. i., to roll over; to move
or run on wheels, as a wagon; to run;
to roll; to turn; to turn over, as a
wheel, not as a log (tonoli, to roll over
as a log); itachanalli, to roll together.

chanalli, n. pl., a wheel; a circle.

chanalli, n., a rotation.

chanallichi, v. t., to roll; to turn it over;
to wheel; itachanallichi, to roll them to-
gether.

chanichi, y. t. sing., to roll; to turn
around; to cause to run round, as a
wheel.

chanla, a., dry, as corn and hickory
meats; dry and tough; cured.

chanli, v. t., to chop; to cut with an ax
or hoe by striking; to gash; chati, sub-
positive, to peck; to hew; tostrike with
the teeth, as a venomous serpent; to
chop (modern); to hurt; to pick; to
slash; cha®heti; chanlit tablitok, cut off,
Mark 14: 47; ilechanli, to cut himself;
itinchanli, to peck or to chop each other.

chanli, n., one who chops; a pecker; ‘‘a
hewer,’’ Josh. 9: 21.

chanlichi, y. t., to cause to chop.

chant, contracted from chanlit; the t has
the force of the con}. and.

w as
— oe.

3 Pas

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY

chant akkachi, v. t., to cut down or to
chop and bring down; chanlit akachi,
cut it down; Luke 13: 7.

chant kinaffi, v. t., to cut down; or to
chop and fell.

chant lakot bakli, v. t., to score.

chant tapli, v. t., to cut off; to chop and
sever; chanlit tabli, Mark 14: 47.

chant tushtuli, v. t., to hack, or to chop
and cut up fine.

Chanueli, n., January.

chatsa, cha¥s, n., a sound in the ear; a
tingle, 1 Sam. 8: 11; 2 Kings 21: 12.

chatsa, a., shrill.

chatsa, y. n., to be shrill.

chatsa, y. a. i., toshrill; to utter an acute,
piercing sound; to shriek; to tingle, as
the ear. See 1 Sam. 3: 11.

chasaloha, y. n., to be crooked.

chasaloha, n., crooks; bends.

chasaloha, chassaloha, a., pl. of cha-
sola, crooked; bent; having hollows or
bends; pass., warped; ikchasaloho, un-
warped.

chasalohachi, vy. t. pl., to make them
crooked, or to make crooks; to warp.

chasala, a., crooked; bent; having a
hollow or bend; wak nali chasala, a
crooked-back cow.

chasala, pass., warped; bent; ikchasalo,
a., unwarped; unbent.

chasala, v. a. i., to warp; to bend; ite-
basha at chasala, the plank warps.

chasala, n., a bend; a crook; a warp.

chasalachi, y. t., to crook; to bend; to
make crooked; to warp; hashi at itiba-
sha ya” ontomi kat chasalachi, the sun
which shines on the plank warps it.

chasalla, v. n., to be crooked or bent.

chasalli, y. a. i., to glance off.

chasallichi, v. t., to turn it; to glance off.

chash, the said; the same, known to both
speaker and hearer, and in remote
past time; chash and its compounds
are used as simple or compound rela-
tive pronouns in relation to subjects
that are past; it may be called a per-
sonal pronoun in the remote past tense;
kash and kash (q. v.) refer to the im-
mediate past tense; chash signifies the
same which; the said; late, known to
both speaker and hearer; a renewed
mention particle; oh chash, it is the
said; being ‘‘the said’’; used in calling

OF THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE wy
the dead to mind, or in speaking of
them, instead of mentioning their
names. Compounds: chashinli, the
same also which was; compounded of
chash and inli, same, also—chashket the
same that was; that which; alichashket,
that is what I said but recently, and
you know it; it is in the nom. case; ket
may be formed from kat or it may be
from ke and ¢, like kesh from ke and sh—
chashkia, even the same which was, and
you knew it—chashkint, the same which
was, but more remote than chash ket,
in the nom. case—chashor, the same
which; the said one (in the obj. case);
see grammar for these particles or arti-
cle pronouns — chashocha — chashoka—
chashokako —chashokakosh —chashokano
—chashokat — chashokato — chashoke —
chashokia—chashoma—chashona—chash-
osh—chashot.

chasha, chasha, n.; inchasha, his rat-
tles; sintulo inchasha, the rattles of the
rattle snake.

chashahachechi, y. t., to make him
rattle; to rattle.

cha¥sha, v. a. i., to rattle, like a rattle-
snake.

chashahachi, v. t. pl., to rustle; to rat-
tle, as the rattlesnake; sintulo at chasha-
hachi, the rattlesnake rattles.

chashaiyi, v. a. i., to be round and ele-
vated, as a mound.

chashak, n., arustling; a rattling—a sin-
gle motion.

chashakachi, v. a. i. sing., to rustle once;
it says chashak.

chashakachi, n., a rattling; a rustling.

chashampik, n., a grindstone (called
also tal ashuahchi and tashika).

chashana, y.a.i., tohangoverand own
as the skirts of a common coat.

chashana, a., having skirts that hang
down; hanging over and down, as na
foka chashana, a coat.

chashanachi, v. t., to cause to hang over.

chashap, n., a variety of grasshopper.

chashlichi, v. t., to rattle; to make a
rustling noise.

cha4shpo (a Sixtowns word), a., former;
ancient; of things, or time: nilak chan-
shpo, a former day; future, like tikba;
first in order.

100

cha®shpo, vy. n., to be ancient, or of
former times.

cha®shpo, ady., formerly; anciently; be-
fore; former time; in ancient times;
‘‘hefore time,’”’? Josh. 11: 10; 14: 15.

chato, chatoh, ady.; in okishko chatoh.

chatok, ady., commonly; usually; al-
ways; ever. This form implies also
the remote past tense. The particles
which are used after tok are used after
chatok, generally. In the past tense
chatok may be rendered, has been
usually, always has been, etc.; chatuk
and chatok are often used with verbs to
express general truths or common us-
age, custom, etc., and when used in
reference to persons it is implied that
they are alive. For the dead, bekatok
is used instead of chatok; ishla chatoko?
did you ever come here? alali chatok
keyu, I never came here.

chatok, vy. n., to have been always so;
to have been usually so; was so
always; tok is the sign of the remote
past tense and not connected with the
present.

chatoshba, ady., never.

chatoshba, y. n., never to be so.

chatoshke, in hash yamohmi chatoshke,
page 130, Chahta Holisso Atukla.

chatuk, adv., usually has been and still
is, ete.; commonly; usually. This
word differs from the other, chatok,
only in the last syllable and means the
immediate past tense and up to the
present time, John 2: 10; Matt. 5: 21;
6:2,5; 17:25; ehahaklo chatukokat, Josh.
2:10. ‘‘bilia’? is used for always—
Matt. 3: 10; 12: 4, 33; 18: 12; chatuka-
tok, Matt. 27:15. chatuk keyu, adv.,
never has been; never was; never has;
ne’er; Josh. 3:4.

chauala, a., slim; tall and slender, ap-
plied to the figure of a horse; issuba
hat chauala, the horse is tall and slender.

chawana, a., crooked.

chawana, v.n., to be crooked.

chawana, n., a crook; a hook.

chatya, pass., cut; chopped; gashed;
pecked, Matt. 3: 10; tkchayo, a., un-
wounded; unchopped.

cha®ya, n., a gash.

cha"yat pasha®fa, n., a gash made by an
ax.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

chabbi, v. t., to dip into oil, honey, or
grease.

chabiha, a., a few; some; scarce.

chabiha, v.n., to beafew, some, scarce;
chabiha keyu, not scarce.

chabiha, n., a scarcity.

chabiha keyu, n., no want; no scarcity.

chabihachi, y. t., to render scarce; to
make a few or a small number.

chabihasi, dim. a., a very few; a few.

chabihasi, y. n., to be a very few.

chabli, n., dry bark.

chach, n., a church, Matt. 18: 17.

chafa, vy. a. i. sing., to run; to flee; chan-
fa, chahatfa, chaiyafa; chahanfa, 2 Sam.
24:13.

chafa, pp., fled; banished; chased away;
exiled; expelled.

chafa, n., a runner; an exile; a flier.

chafa, n., a flight.

chafali (from achafa), v. t., to make one;
to do one; to one; kana kia ikimikshokma
inchafalashke, if there is any one who
has none, give one to him, Luke 3: 11.

chafichi, chaffichi, v. t., caus. (from
chafa), to send off, Matt. 11:10; 15: 25;
to cause to flee; to drive off; to banish;
to exile; to expatriate; to expel; to
rouse; to run; to rid; to spring, Mark,
12: 3, 4, 5, 6; to send men, Josh. 2:1;
achaffichi, to send from, Josh. 14: 7.

chafichi, n., a sender; a driver.

chakali, chakali (q. v.), a., pregnant.

chakbi, n., a projection beyond sur-
rounding objects; an overplus; a contin-
uation; chakchubi, pl.

chakchak, n., a small speckled wood-
pecker with a red head.

chalhchakachechi, v. t., to cause them
to shine, sparkle, twinkle, ete.

chalhchakachi, v. a. i. pl., to shine; to
glisten; to sparkle, as particles of oil on
the surface of warm water; to twinkle
as the stars; to scintillate.

chalhchakachi, n., a twinkling; a shin-
ing.

chalhchaki, v. a. i. sing., to sparkle.

chalhchaki, n., a spark, a sparkling.

chalhpi, see akchalhpi.

chalabakko, n., name of a fish of the
sucker genus.

chatakachi, v. a. i., to rattle.

chatakchi, n., a rattling.

BYINGTON ]

chamakachi, v. a. i., to clank; to rattle;
to ring; asonak at chamakachi, the ket-
tle rattles or rings.

chamakachi, n., clank; ringing; din;
noise; clangor.

chamalichi, vy. t., to clank; to make din
or clangor.

champoa, see chimpoa.

chanafila, shanafila, n., black haw; a
haw.

chanaha, v. a. i., to turn round; to roll
over; to coil; to curl; to roll, as the
wheel of acarriage; to round; to wheel.

chanaha, n., a wheel; a circle; a coil; a
felly; aring; around; roundness; aseta
chanaha, a coil of rope.

chanaha, v. t., to coil up, as a serpent;
to querl; to turn.

chanaha, a., rotund; coiled up; round;
being in a circle; orbed; pass., rolled;
ikchanaho, a., uncoiled.

chanaha folota achafa, n., a square; a
circuit.

chanaha holitopa, n., a hack.

chanaha iklanna, n., a semicircle.

chanahachi, y. t., to cail; to roll; to
round.

chanal, n., a general (from the English).

channi, pp. sing., probably from chan-
ichi, (q. v.).

channichi, v. t., to roll a wheel.

chassaloha, see chasaloha.

chassalohachi, see chasalohachi.

chasha, chasha (q. v.), n., inchasha, his
rattles; those of the rattlesnake.

chashanoha, v. a. i., to be long tailed,
like some coats.

chashwa, n., sinews of the loins; in-
chashwa, his sinews of the loins.

chashwa nipi, n., the flesh of the loins;
the loin; the tenderloin; inchashwa, his
sinews of the loins; inchashwa nipi, n.,
his loin.

chechik, adv., probably; likely; per-
haps.

chechik, y. n., to be likely, or probable.

chechike, ady., probably; spoken by
way of inquiry and in modesty.

chechike, y. n., to be probable.

chechuk, ady., probably; expressing a
supposition.

cheki, a., speedy; quick; near; late; re-
cent.

cheki, y. n., to be near, ete.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

101

cheki, ady., soon; immediately; newly;
quickly; recently; chekikma, in a short
time, i. e., when it is soon, from cheki
and kma.

chekichi, v. t., to cause it to be soon; to
hurry.

chekikash, adyv., lately.
recently.

chekikash, v. n., to be lately, in refer-
ence to things past.

chekusi, a., very near; immediate; soon;
used in reference to the future; a dim-
inutive formed from cheki and usi or
ushi.

See kash, late,

chekusi, y. n., to be very near in time,
or soon.

chekusi, ady., very soon, immediately;
forthwith; quickly, Josh. 2:5; straight;
shortly; straightway; thereupon.

chekusi fehna,ady., quickly, Josh. 8:19.

chekusi kania, a., transitory; passing
away very soon.

chekusi ont ia, a., transient; passing by
very soon.

chekusikash, adv., latterly; recently.

chekusikma, y. n. sub. mood, when it
shall. have been a short time.

chekusikma, adv., in a short time; after
a short time.

chelahpi, n., the animal which has young
for the first time, as heifers, etc.

chelahpi, n., the firstling; the first prod-
uce or offspring, Gen. 4:4; from chelt
and ahpi, the first, as tofahpi, spring, lit.
the first of summer; tikba attahpi, the
first born, Rom. 8: 29.

cheli, y. t., to bear; to bring forth young,
applied to animals and some plants and
not to the human species; to cub; to foal;
to teem; to whelp; to lay; to calve; to
pig; to spawn; to kid; to breed; to blow;
to deposit eggs, as flies; to bear, as vines;
okchank at cheli, the muskmelon bears;
shukshi at cheli, the watermelon bears;
isito at cheli, the pumpkin bears; to
draw interest, as money lent out; tali
holisso at cheli, the money bears interest.

cheli, v. a. i., to propagate; oncheli, v. t.,
to prime a gun; to lay on the powder;
pass., onchitya.

cheli, n., parturition.

cheli, n., a breeder; the female that
breeds or produces.

102

cheli imponna, a., prolific; skilled in
bearing.

chelichi, y. t., to cause to bear or breed;
to cause to bring interest; to put out on
interest; achelichi hosh akhoyo cho? Luke
19: 23. See also Matt. 25: 27, where
ushiis used for interest or usury.

Chelusalim, Chilusalim, n., Jerusalem.

chepulechi, v. t., to make a feast, ban-
quet, festival; to dance; to feast; impa
chito ikbi is used in the New Testament
translation.

chepulli, n., a feast; a great feast; a ban-
quet; a frolic; a great dance; an Indian
feast or a heathen feast.

chepulli, v. a. i., to attend a feast; to
feast and to dance; to frolic.

chepullit a™sha, v. a. i., to have a feast;
to be at a feast.

chetoma, adv., for chintoma, in the future;
see tuma.

chi, ch, pro., thou, nom. case 2d per. sing.
of neuter verbs. chinukshopa na, Luke
1: 18; chilbasha, thou art poor; chilli,
thou diest.

chi, ch, thou, nom. case 2d per. sing.
of passive verbs, as chinata, thou art
wounded.

chi, ch, thee in the obj. case before active
transitive verbs; chipesali, I see thee;
chithanali, I know thee; cf. chitikba, be-
fore thee, Matt. 11: 10.

chi, is prefixed to nouns of near relation
or family interest; chitekchi, Matt. 1:
20. It is applied to the family dog,
chipaf.

chi, ch, poss. pro., thy; prefixed (with a
few exceptions) to the names of the
body and most of its members, as chi-
chu"kash, thy heart; chibbak, thy hand.

chi, a diminutive, in kapasachi, coolish;
hochukwachi, chilly.

chi, sign of the causal form, meaning to
cause, to make, to render; as minti, to
come; mintichi, to cause to come, etc.
chi is also suffixed to adjectives,
etc., as kallo, a., strong, hard; kallochi,
to make it hard or strong; to harden;
Saimon Ba Chona chia hat na chiyuk-
pashke, Blessed art thou Simon Bar-
Jonah, Matt.16: 17. chiisalso suffixed
to adjectives, verbs, and adverbs to
make y. t. in the caus. form. chumpa,
chumpachi; kallo, kallochi; fehna, fehna-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

chi. Itisa ‘‘particle of form” or the
causative form of verbs.

chi, a suffix to verbs, which take the lo-
catives aor ai; others make a new form
of verbs, where one thing is made to
act on or with another; onush ash
haiyunkpolo yor ant ahokchichi tok, Matt.
13: 25; Judg. 16: 18.

chi4, thy and thine, prefixed poss. pro.,
meaning ‘‘ thy,’’ prefixed to nouns that
do not begin with a vowel or the con-
sonants p, ch, l, t. See chim and chin.
chitholisso, thy book; chi®hatak, thy hus-
band; chithina, thy way, Matt. 11: 10.

chi”, prefixed per. pro. in the dative case
before verbs, and usually translated
with a prep., as, of thee, to thee, for
thee, from thee, against thee. It is
found before verbs which do not begin
with a vowel or p, ch, l, or t. See
chim, which is written before yowels
and diphthongs.

chi", 2d per. sing., poss., thine, thy, re-
moved from the noun in the nom. and
placed before the verb, as tali holisso
chithotina, he has counted your money,
instead of chintali holisso hotina.

chi®, achi®, sign of the immediate future
tense of the indicative mood, shall, will;
achi® is the true form; the final vowel of
the verb is dropped when achi” is suf-
fixed, as chumpa, chumpachi", he shall
buy; minti, mintachin, he shall come;
haklo, haklachi”, he shall hear.

chia, sub. pro., 2d per. sing.; thou; thee;
chia ma, Matt. 1: 20; chia hoka, Matt.
5: 22; 7:5; Kapenaam chia, thou Caper-
naum, Matt. 11: 23; chia hom, thou art,
Matt. 16: 14; Pita chia, thou art Peter,
Matt. 16: 18; chia ma, O thou, Matt. 14:
31; chia hom, Matt. 14: 33; chiama,
Matt. 15: 22; chishno akosh saso a®holi-
topa chia hoke, Luke 3: 22; chishno akon
nan isht achia saiyukpa makoke, Luke,
3: 22; na hollo chiahoke, thou art a white
man. It is now called a substantive
personal pronoun, as the verb to be is
used in translating it, thus chia, thou
art, sia, lam. Lewi ushi chia ma; Matt.
1: 20; Chihowa ushi chia hokmat, Matt.
4:3; chiashke, from chia, thou art, John
1: 49; Chihowa ushi chiashke, thou art
the Son of God.

chiashke, see chishki.

— a

:
4
;

BYINGTON ]

chibak, chibuk, n., a noise, such as is
made by the falling of a stone into
water.

chibakachi, chibukachi, v. a. i., to
make a noise; to say chibak.

chibatko, n., the shin.—J. E.

chibokachi, y. a. i., to work, asa liquid;
to ferment, ete.

chibolichi, see chobolichi.

chitchint, ady., will not; can not.

chicho"hi, y. a. i., to be coarse grained or
gritted, like a grindstone.

chiffoko, see Josh. 8: 28; 10: 27; chiffor-
kot, a heap of rubbish; chiffokohonchi,
2 Kings 19: 25.

chihakli, see chilukli.

Chihowa, n., Jehovah; the Scripture
name of the Supreme Being; Deity;
God; Judge; the Supreme Being; Chi-
howa achafa kia tuchina, Inki, Ushi, Shil-
ombish holitopa, n., the Trinity.

Chihowa aiasha, n., the throne of Je-
hovah; the dwelling place of Jehovah.

Chihowa aiokpachi, vy. t., to worship
Jehovah; nanakia abit Chihowa isht ai-
okpachi, v. t., to immolate.

Chihowa aiokpachi, n., a worshiper of
Jehovah.

Chihowa aiokpachi, n., the worship of
Jehovah.

Chihowa apiliechika, n., the kingdom
of Jehovah.

Chihowa abanumpa, n., divinity; the-
ology; the revelation from God.

Chihowa chitokaka, n., the Lord God,
or the God Jehovah.

Chihowa hobachi, n., an idol; an image
of God used in idol worship.

Chihowa hobachit ikbi, v. t., to deify;
to make an image of God.

Chihowa hobachit ikbit aiokpachi, n.,
an idolater.

Chihowa ikimantio, n., impiety; un-
godliness.

Chihowa ikimantio, a., impious; un-
godly.

Chihowa imantia, v. t., to obey Je-
hovah.

Chihowaimanumpa alhpisa pokoli, n.,
the decalogue; the ten commandments
of Jehovah.

Chihowa inchukfalhpo yushi, n., the
Lamb of God, John 1: 29.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

103

Chihowa i“yimmi keyu, n., impiety.

Chihowa pallammi, Chihowa palam-
mi, the Almighty God.

Chihowa ushi, n., the Son of God.

chiishke, chishke, vy. n., to be likely;
to be probable; onatok chishke: Ch. Sk.,
p. 12, sec. 6.

chik, likely to be so, as iala chik, probably
I shall go.

chik, used for ish; chiksiataklammi hoh
kia, Judg. 13: 15; chik arya kia, Luke
92575 Matt: 82 19:

chik, thou, pro. 2d per. sing. of the neg.
verbal form, as chikono, thou dost not
go to it.

chitka, v. a. i., to squeal; shukha yat
chitka, the hog squeals.

chitka, n., a squealer.

chikchik, n., a small species of wren;
a small wren; okchiloha is the name of
the common wren.

chikchikechi, vy. t., to make spotted or
speckled.

chikchiki, pass., speckled; spotted with
small spots; freckled.

chikchiki, n., small spots; small check;
a freckle; freckles.

chike, v. n., to be hereafter; as, it will
be so; it may beso; kucha kapassa chin-
ke, there will be cold weather.

chitke, n., thy father, Matt. 15: 4.

chikfikowa, see itukfikowa.

chikitha, y. t., to jog with the hand,
elbow, or foot; to peck like a hen.

chikitha, n., a jog; a slight blow.

chikihah, v. a. i., to be thick and close
together, like corn or piles of manure.

chikimba, vy. n., not to be so; to be mis-
taken; it is a mistake.

chikimba, ady., no; not.

chikinoha, see kinoha.

chikisana, a., bent; twisted; having a
twisted neck, or one bent sideways.

chikisana, v. n., to be bent or twisted;
to have a twisted neck.

chikisanali, a., bent; twisted; crooked;
haying a twisted or crooked neck.

chikisanali, y. n., to be bent, twisted, or
crooked.

chikki (an old word), a., old; past; gone
by; middling old; partly worn.

chikki, v. n., to be old.

chikkichi, y. t. caus., to make old.

104

chiksanakli, sing., to dodge, or bend the
body suddenly; see halakli, kanakli,
shalakhi.

chiksanali, a., bent; inclined to one side,
like a crooked neck.

chiksanalli, v. a. i., to bend one’s self;
to incline.

chila"k, n., a scream.

chila®kachi, vy. a. i., to scream.

chilakbi, chalakbi, a., hard; dry and stiff,
as a dry hide.

chilakbi, v. n., to be dry; to be stiff, as
a hide or leather.

chilakbi, v. a. i., to stiffen.

chilakbi, pass., dried; stiffened; starched.

chilakbi, n., stiffness.

chilakbichi, y. t., to stiffen; to harden;
to dry; to starch; to size thread.

chilakchawa, n., a common wart.

chilakto, chulakto, a., forked; split; clo-
ven ; iyi chilakto, a forked foot; a clo-
ven foot.

chilakto, vy. n., to be forked; to be cloven.

chilaktochi, vy. t., to split; to cleave; to
make forked.

chilakwa, chalakwa n., the smallpox;
a pock; hashtap inchilakwa, chicken
pox.

chilakwa abi, a., sick with the smallpox.

chilakwa abi, v. n., to be attacked by the
smallpox; to have the smallpox; chi-
lakwa sabi, I have the smallpox; n.,
cancer.

chilantak, chalantak, n., the small red-
headed woodpecker.

chilantakoba, n., the pelican, or a bird
resembling the chilantak.

chilatwa, halanchilawa, n., a lizard.

chiletalli, chilitalli, vy. t., to inflame; to
animate.

chilhpatha, chilhpata api, n., the Span-
ish oak.

cehililli, y. a. 1., to provoke.

chiliswa, n., the measles.

chiliswa abi, a., sick with the measles;
attacked with the measles.

chiliswa abi, v. n., to be attacked with
the measles; to have the measles; to be
sick with the measles.

chilita, n., keenness; resolution; spunk.

chilita, a., fierce; ardent; zealous; reso-
lute; brave; animated; doughty; intent;
keen; masculine; rude; sharp; spirited;
strenuous; urgent, Josh. 1:14.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

chilita, v. n., to be fierce, zealous, ar-
dent, brave.

chilita, pass., inflamed; animated; pro-
voked.

chilitachi, y. t., to animate; to inflame;
to make zealous; to provoke.

chilitalli, see chiletalli.

chilofa, chiloffi (q. v.), v. t., to pay; to
liquidate. ;

chilofa, n., payment.

chilofa, y. a.i., to fall; to drop, as leaves
from a tree, or as crumbs, Matt. 15: 27.

chilofa, pass., fallen; paid, as a debt;
ikchilofo, a., unpaid; unliquidated.

chilofa, n., the falling; a falling.

chilofachi, v. t., to cause to fall; to cause
to pay.

chiloffi, v. t., to pay; to recompense; see
chilofa.

chiloha (see okchiloha), n., a wren.

chilosa, chulosa, a., still; quiet; calmed;
calm.

chilosa, chulusa, v. n., to be still, quiet,
calm; chulusat talaiatok, Luke 8: 24.

chilosa, chulosa, n., a calm; a quiet.

chilosachi, v. t., to makeacalm; to quiet;
to calm.

chilpitha, n., name of a tree.

chiluk, chuluk, n. sing., a hole;a cavity;
a hollow; a pit; an eye, as the eye of a
needle; a chasm; a chink; hollowness; —
a leak; an orifice; a vent; it is usually
applied to a cavity or hollow and not toa
hole through anything, for which other
words are used, as tukafa, tuva, tumpa
(qv):

chiluk, a., hollow; having a hole, as iti
chiluk, a hollow tree; chula puta kat
chiluk at imansha, foxes have holes;
aboha chiluk, an empty house.

chiluk chukoa, y. a. i., to hole; to enter
a hole.

chiluk ikbi, v. t., to hole; to make a hole.

chiluk iksho, a., tight.

chiluk toba, v. t., to chink; to open and
form a fissure.

chilukka, chiluka, vy. t., to shell, as corn.

chilukka, pass., shelled.

chilukoa, pl., having holes; hollow;
broken.

chilukoa, n. pl., holes; pits.

Chilusalim, Chelusalim, n., Jerusalem,
Matin 2s teeono:

BYINGTON ]

Chilusalim hatak, n., a man of Jerusa-
lem; a Jerusalemite.

Chilusalim okla, n., the people of Jeru-
salem; Chelusalem okla mema aiena, all
Jerusalem with him, Matt. 2:3.

chilafa, v. a. i., to peel up, as the skin
of boiled potatoes; nishkin at chitafa, to
open the eyes wildly, like sick people;
applied also to the eye of an untamed
horse.

chilakba, chitakwa, chatakwa, cha-
takba, n., the name of aserpent called
a copperhead. The best form is chitak-
ba, in the Oklafalaia dialect.

chitanli, n., the scrofula; the king’s evil;
struma.

chifanli, vy. a. i., to have the king’s evil;
scrofula.

chitanlichi, achitanlichi, y. t. caus., to
cause the king’s evil; to cause a hard
swelling. |

chitichi, in duak isht chitichi, to make fire
sparkle,

chilina, n. sing., a bruise of the flesh;
numbness from pain.

chilina, pass., bruised in the flesh.

chilinanchi, y. t., to make the cords
swell.

chilinoha, n. pl., great numbness or pain.

chilukli, chihakli, y. a. i., to limp; see
chahikli.

chim, dative pro., 2d per. sing. in the
dat. case before a noun beginning with
a vowel, as chimisuba, your horse, or, a
horse for you; chimanumpa ha” imali-
tuk oke, I have given them thy word,
John 17: 14; Luke 7: 44. See chi? and
chin, thy.

chim, dative per. pro., 2d per. sing. be-
fore verbs beginning with a vowel, and
to be rendered with a prep., as, of thee,
for thee, to thee, from thee, as chimia,
chimona, he goes for you or to you;
chimanoli, he tells you; ano at chim-
atyali makoke, I come to thee, John
17: 11; chimaiyamohmashke, be it unto
thee, Matt. 15: 28.

chim, dative pro., 2d per. sing., before a
neuter verb formed from an adjective
and one which begins with a vowel, as
chimokpulo, thou art angry, or there is
bad to thee, or there is evil with thee;
this mode of expression is like ‘‘ thou;’’
ithollo, he loves it; it is dear to him;

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

105

or he is stingy; i"holitopa, he loves it,
or it is sacred to him, ete.

chim, dative pro., used before neuter
verbs and where the pro. is not found
with the noun, as allat chimilli, your
child is dead; the child for thee is dead.

chimmi, pro. a. and pass. pro., thine;
thy.

chimmi, y. n., to be thine, as chimmi, it
is thine; chimmi hokma, when it is for
thee, Matt. 17:4; John 17: 10.

chimmitoba, y.a.i., to become thine;
chimmihashke in last translation, Luke
4:7.

chimpoa, champoa, vy. a. i. pl., to be
small.

chin, thy; thine; dative pro., 2d per.
sing., before nouns beginning with the
letters ch, 1, and t, as chinchuka, thy
house; chintakkon, thy peach; see chin
and chim.

chin, dative pro., before words beginning
with the letters ch, J, t; it is 2d per. sing.
and is usually to be rendered with a
prep. as of thee, for thee, to thee, from
thee; as chinchumpa, to buy of thee,
or for thee, or from thee; apat chin-
tati, they have eaten it all up for thee.

chin, thine; poss. pro., found before some
verbs, chiefly neuter, when not before
the noun in the nom. case, as tanchi at
chintaha instead of chintanchi at taha.

chin, see chint.

chinachubi, pl.,
hooked; crooked.

chinachubi, y. n., to be hooked; to be
crooked.

chinachubi, n. pl., hooks; crooks.

chinachubichi, y. t., to make them
crooked.

chinakbi, chanakbi, a. sing., hooked;
crooked.

chinakbi, y. n., to be crooked.

chinakbi, n.,a crook; a hook; Ex. 27:11;
hooks.

chinakbichi, chanakbichi, v. t., to make
it crooked; to make a hook or crook;
to hook.

chini, achini, vy. n., to seem so; to ap-
pear so (when not before known).

chini, ady., apparently; seemingly; iksho
chini; achini (q. v.) has a different
meaning.

chinakhi, sing., 4.,

106

chinifa, chenafa, n., asmall piece; a bit.

chini"ffa, pass., pinched; chinowa, p. pl.

chiniffi, vy. t. sing., to pinch with the
fingers, but not with any instrument;
to pick; chinoli, pl.

chiniffi, n., a pincher; one who pinches.

chiniffi, n., a pinch.

chinisa, a., brindled; striped.

chinisa, y. n., to be brindled or striped.

chinisa, n., a small ground squirrel; a
chipmunk.

chinoli, y. t. pl., to pinch; to nibble; to
pick.

chinowa, pass. pl., pinched.

chinowa, n., a pinching.

chint, chin, ady., not; okpanachi" chint,
he will not destroy it; a%li chint, hope
it is not true.

Chintail, n., a Gentile; Gentiles, Luke
2: 32; oklushi taloha puta, all nations.

Chintail, a., Gentile, Matt. 18: 17.

Chintail hatak, n., a Gentile, Matt. 18:
17.

Chintail okla, n., Gentiles.

chintok (more remote in time), should
have been; should be; was about to be;
about to have been.

chintuk (less remote in time), should
have been; was about to be; about to
have been.

chinuko, see chunoko.

chipinta, chipunta, a. pl., very small;
very fine; fine; nakushi chipinta, very
fine shot.

chipinta, v. n., to be very small.

chipinta, chipunta, n., small ones; chi-
punta lappa, Luke 17: 2.

chipintasi, n., particles.

chipintasi, a. dim., quite small; from
chipinta and asi.

chipintasi, v. n., to be quite small.

chipintachi, v. t. caus. pl., to render them
quite small.

chipota, n. pl., young children; little
ones, Matt. 10: 42; 18: 10, 14; children
(of Ammon), Josh. 12: 2; anchipota atiha
ma, oh, my young children.

chipota, a., small.

chipunta, nasal form, being small; hushi
chipunta, sparrows, Matt. 10: 29; alla
chipunta, children, Matt. 2: 16; alla
chipunta, little children, Mark 10: 14;
nani chipunta, little, Matt. 15: 34; 18: 3

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

chisa, n., nameofatree; perhapsitshould
be written chisha, and is thusa post oak.

chitsa, n., name of a small bird, one kind
of sparrow.

Chisas, Jesus, Matt. 7: 28; Chisas ash-
osh, Matt. 8: 20.

Chisas Kilaist, Chisas Klaist, n., the
name of our Saviour, Mark 1: 1.

Chisas Kilaist imanumpeshi, n., an
apostle of Jesus Christ.

Chisas Kilaist inanisht alhpisa, n., a
sacrament; an ordinance of Jesus
Christ.

Chisas Kilaist isht anumpuli, n., an
evangelist.

chisbi, v. a. i. sing., to extend; to stretch;
to be continued in length.

chisbi, pass., stretched out; extended in
a line.

chisbichi, v. t., to extend; to stretch; to
draw out in length.

chisemo, y. a. i. sing., to stretch the
limbs, or the body; to yawn.

chisemo, pass., stretched out.

chisemoa, y. a. i. pl., to stretch the
limbs or the body.

chisemoa, pass., stretched; extended.

chisemochi, y. t., to extend; to stretch
another; to cause to stretch; chibbak an
chisemochi, stretch forth thine hand!
Matt. 12: 13; chisemochi, stretch forth
thine hand, Mark 3: 5.

chisemoh, y.t. pl., to stretch.

chiskilik, n., a blackjack, name of a va-
riety of oak.

chiso, n., thy son, from iso, son; chiso
ilappat, this thy son, Luke 15: 30; saso,
my son, Luke 15: 31.

chisoha, chusoha, y. a. i1., to rattle; to
make a noise; tali yosh chisoha yoke, the
iron rattles.

chisoha, n., a rattling.

chisohachi, chusohachi, y. t., to rattle;
to make it rattle.

chisohachi, n., a rattler.

chisha, n., a post-oak tree and its acorn.

chishaiyi, n., a grasshopper that sings in
the night.

chishakko (see itichishakko), n., an arbor;
a bush arbor; also see ahoshontika.

chishba, y. n., to be doubtful; kanioh-
machin chishba, it is doubtful how it
will be. This is often translated ‘‘I
don’t know,”’ and is used in that sense.

BYINGTON ]

chishba, a., doubtful; unknown; uncer-
tain; perhaps.

chishba, ady., possibly and possibly not;
perhaps so, and perhaps not so.

chishinto, y. a. i., to bé round and ele-
vated, likea mound. See chashaiyi.

chitshka, n., an infant girl; a babe; a
baby.

chi"shka keyu, n., an infant boy. This
expression and the above were used
in the southern part of the nation.

chishke, n., thy mother, Matt. 15: 4.

chishke, see chiishke.

chi2shki, chiashki, vy. n., to be proba-
ble; used at the end of another verb, as
yohmi chishke, it is probable that it was
so; keyu chishke, Matt. 12: 7; okpula
chishke, it will be foul, Matt. 16: 23.

chi2shki, ady., probably, will be.

chishno, pro., 2d per. sing., thou, Josh.
1: 2; chishno ato, Luke 7: 45, 46; thou,
Matt. 6:17; chishno akosh, Matt. 14: 33;
chishno at, thou, Matt. 16: 18; chishno,
ako” chimmi, for thee. chishno, ob. ¢.,
thee; chishno a”, Matt. 3: 14; chishno
chinishkin, thy eye, Matt. 7: 4; 17:27;
chishno, poss. pro., thine, thy; chishno
akinli, thyself; yourself; chishno yokan,
thine, in the obj. case; chishno yokat,
thine, in the nom. case.

chito (subpos. forms, chito, chitto,
chehto, chinto); hochito, pl., n., size;
greatness; enlargement; the extent;
fullness; grandeur; growth; largeness;
loudness; magnitude; majesty; scope;
splendor; sublimity; chito fehna, n.,
vastness.

chito (subpos. forms, chitto, chehto), a.,
great, Matt. 13: 50; large; big; huge;
immense; heavy; capacious; august;
egregious; enormous; extensive; gigan-
tic; grand; grievous; gross; handsome;
heavy; high, asa price; immense; lusty;
majestic; massive; mighty; noble; pro-
fuse (as laksha chito); prominent; pro-
tuberant; signal; capacious; splendid;
stocky; stout; sublime; superb; chitto;
a diminutive of chito, less than chito,
in music, low, base, grave; chieto, pro.
form of a.; chito fehna, a., herculean;
prodigious; thick, as hair, cane, etc.;
tremendous; unwieldy; vast; ikchito, a.,
scant; not great.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

107

chito, y. n., to be large, chithohchifo
chinto ka, thy great name, Josh 7: 9;
chinto, nasal form na chiyimimi kat chin-
toshke (thy path) excels or is great
(greater than others) , Matt. 15: 20; okla
chinto, Matt. 4: 25; 5: 1; yammat chinto,
Matt. 6:23; of great, Matt. 13: 46; chin-
toshke, great is, Matt. 15: 28; chihinto,
freq.; chieto, pro. form.

chito, pass., made large; enlarged; dis-
tended; chinto, nasal form, being made
large; the large one; cf., Matt. 2: 17,
18.

chito, ady., largely; profusely; thickly.

chitochi, y. t., to enlarge.

chitokaka, n., a prince; a great one.

chitokaka, n., a lord; sir; God, Luke
1: 25; John 4:1; majesty; excellency;
honor; the great one, Matt. 7: 21
(chitokaka ma, Lord); 11: 25; 14: 28.

chitoli, a., loud; hard; large; stentorian.

chitoli, v. a. i., to swell; to enlarge; to
increase, as a storm of rain.

chitoli, vy. t., to enlarge: to make louder
or larger; to doon a large scale; to di-
late; to distend; to elevate; to rage;
to stretch; to swell, Josh. 6: 5; pl.
hochetoli.

chitolichi, vy. t., to enhance; to enlarge;
to magnify.

chitolit, ady., hard; loudly; as chitolit
umba, it rains hard.

chitolit fiopa, v. a. i., tosigh; to breathe
loud.

chitolit fiopa, n., a sigh; also, a sigher.

chitot (a contraction of chitolit), adv.,
greatly; nobly.

chitot anumpuli, v. a. i., to rant.

chitot anumpuli, n., a ranter.

chitot fiopa, v. a. i., to heave; to sigh;
to puff; to wheeze.

chitot ia, v. a. i., to grow large; to en-
large; to rise; to thrive.

chitot ishko, chitot nalli, v. t., to swig,
to drink largely; to swallow largely.

chitot nanabli, v. t., to quaff.

chitot nanabli, n., a quaffer.

chitot ola, chitot ola hinla,a., sonorous.

chiya, chiyya, v. a. i. pl. pass., from cheli,
v. t. (q. v.). It is applied to persons
and things and signifies to sit; to lie.
Some say that chiya is strictly dual, but
it is not always thus used. It implies

108

that the sitting is for a time, like seated
on a bench, as a court; to stop and sit
down, not expecting to leave soon; ita-
chiya, to sit together; chinya, nasal form,
Josh. 3:2; 7:21; pinchiyashke, Luke 9:
13; chihinya, freq.; chieya, chiyeya, pro.
form.

chiya, v. n., to be seated.

chiyuhmi, see chohmi.

chiyuhmichi, see chohmichi.

cho, ha; sign of a question and having an
adverbial meaning also, like eh! in Eng-
lish, Matt. 2: 2; 18: 1; Woke /sa2;
cho implies ignorance in those who
inquire. It implies a question and a
demand for an answer. It is a strong
interrogative word; impa cho? Matt. 9:
11; compoundsare yakohmichicho? John
2:18; akcho? akchuba? or akchu? (which
last is said to be a contracted form of
(ak)chuba) , see Luke 7: 19, 20; hassiacht
cho? Luke 6: 46. akchu®? nanta chit cho?
Matt. 11: 3; akcho is used in disjunctive
forms of interrogation, or, Matt. 11: 3;
1 Kings 20: 15; 2 Sam. 24: 13; choba,
chuba, or chomba, is the perfect form
of the word; it is used in asking ques-
tions where there is an alternative.

chobilhkan, chobilhkash, n., chips.

chobohachi, y. a. i., to ripple; to roar,
as the running water of a stream.

chobohachi, n., a roaring of water.

chobokachi, chibokachi, y. a. i., to
bubble, as water.

chobokachi, chibokachi, n., the bub-
bling of water.

chobolichi, chibolichi, vy. t., to rinse; to
shake up; to shake, as water is shaken
in a keg or cream in a churn when pro-
ducing butter.

chohmi, chuhmi, a., like; similar; some-
what; such; tolerable; choyuhmi, chi-
yuhmi, Luke 6: 10.

chohmi, y. n., to be like; to be similar;
to be as, Matt. 5:16; 6:29; chohmitok, it
was like, Matt. 12:18; chohmihoke, is like
Matt. 13: 44, 46; to be so, Matt. 3: 17;
yammakinli hor chohmit, even so, Matt.
7: 17; choyuhmi, chiyuhmi, pro.; chiyuh-
mashke, Matt. 5: 48; hashchiyuhma,
Matt. 10:16; chiyuhmi hoke, Luke 6: 48,
49; chiyuhmi ma, Matt. 17: 2; 18: 3, 4.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

chohmi, chiyuhmi, choyuhmi, y. a, i.,
to do like; to act like; chiyuhmi, to be-
come as, Josh. 7:5; Matt. 10: 16.

chohmi, adv., somewhat; in some degree;
measurably; moderately; in a limited
degree; to some extent; partly; par-
tially; hardly; like; pretty; scarcely;
tolerably; achukma chohmi, kapassa
chohmi.

chohmichi, choyuhmichi, chiyuhmi-
chi, v. t., caus., to make it like; to
cause it to resemble in some respects;
to do as, 1 Kings 10: 27; Josh. 1: 15;
ilechoyuhmichi, ilechohmichi, to make
yourself like, Luke 10: 27; to make as
if or to feign, Josh. 8: 15.

chohpa, n., the meat provided for a pole
pulling or Choctaw funeral which is
observed at the end of the days of
mourning; meat cured and dried; veni-
son dried.

chokamo (for kamo, see under letter k),
ady., always; usually; connected with
verbs when general customs, habits,
truths are expressed, see chatok; hak-
loli chokamo, I always have heard it.

chokamo, a., usual; wont; the said; the
definite known one; cho has the sense
of cha in chatuk.

chokash, a. and rel. pro., in past tense;
the said who was always, John 6: 42;
Tlappat a®shat nana asihitta chokash mak-
on keyu? ‘Is not this he that sat and
begged?”’? John 9:8; hashachi chokash
ohcho? who ye say was, John 9: 19;
chokash 0”, Luke 7:32 [?]; tkchokash osh’
2) Same (eG.

chokashosh, etc., see kash.

cho®ki, chu"ki, n., martin, a bird of a
particular kind.

chomi, a., such; like; and so on; and so
forth, or others of the kind; like the
et cetera taken from Latin in use among
the English.

chopa, v. a. i., to roar, as falling water
at a cascade.

chopilhkash, chupilhkash, n., chips;
trash; a dunghill, 1 Sam. 2: 8; dung,
Phil. 3: 8.

chopilak, chupilak, n., a swallow; a
chimney swallow.

chowa, a., displeased; offended;
achowa,; itachowa, 1 Tim. 3: 8.

see

BYINGTON ]

chowa, v. n., to be displeased; to be of:
fended, Luke 7: 23.

chowa, v.a.i., to differ, as itachowa, to
dispute; to differ with each other.

choyuhmi, see chohini.

choyuhmichi, see chohmi.

Chu, n., a Jew, the Jews.

Chu, a., Jewish.

Chu chepuli chito, n., the Passover, the
great Jewish feast; a great Jewish feast.

Chu hatak, n., a Jew; a Hebrew; an
Israelite.

Chu ohoyo, n., a Jewess.

Chu okla, n., the Jewish nation; the
Jewish people; Jews; Chu okla immitko,
King of the Jews, Matt. 2: 2.

Chu okla imabohahanta, n., a Jewish
synagogue; a Jewish temple.

Chu yakni, n., Judea; Palestine; the
Jewish country.

chuala, n., a cedar.

chubuk, n., sound of a bell.

chufak, n., a nail; a spike; an awl; a
rowel; the little wheel of a spur; a
fork.

chufak ahokli, chufak aholhpi, chu-
fak aiulhpi, n., an aw! haft; an awl
handle.

chufak chipinta, n. pl., tacks; brads;
small nails.

chufak chito, n., a spike; a large nail.

chufak chito isht ahonatla, pp., spiked;
nailed with big nails.

chufak chito isht ahonalichi, v. t., to
spike.

chufak falakto, n., a forked nail; an
iron fork; a fork.

chufak ikbi, n., a nailer.

chufak isht ahonala, n., a hammer; a
nail hammer.

chufak isht bili, chufak isht impa, n.,
a table fork. The common name is
chufak.—Capt. Shoni.

chufak iyalhfoa, chufak iyafoa, n., a
spur.

chufak nan isht achunli, n., a needle;
a sewing needle.

chufak nishkin, n., the eye of a needle;
a needle’s eye.

chufak nishkin a®sha, chufak ushi
nishkin a®sha, n., a needle; the son
of a nail that has an eye.

chufak nishkin topulli achafa, n., a
needleful.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

109

chufak nushkobo chito, n., a hob nail.

chufak ush ikbi, n., a pin maker; a
needle maker.

chufak ushi, n., a pin; son of a nail; a
tack; a pin; a needle; a small nail; a
brad.

chufak ushi ashamoli, chufakush a-
shamoli, n., a pin cushion.

chufak ushi shuekachi, pp., unpinned.

chufak ushi shueli, v. t., to unpin.

chufak wishakchi, n., the point of a
needle.

chufak wushala, n., the tine of a fork.

chufak yushkoboli, n., a pin with a
head, such as are used by females for
fastening their clothes.

chufak yushkololi, n., a tack; a short
nail; chufak yushkolushi, n. pl., tacks.

chuhmi, see chohmi.

chuk, sign of future imp. tense.

chuka, chukka, n., a house; a building;
a dwelling; a domicile; a cabin; an
abode; a residence; a seat; a home,
Matt. 8: 6; a nest; a den; the hole or
the abode of animals; a dome; an edi-
fice; ahabitation; housing; a mansion;
a mansion house; a structure; a tene-
ment; chi™chuka, thy house, Matt. 9:
6; chuka yon, an house, Matt. 10: 12;
7: 24, 25, 26, 27; inchuka kak illa hoh
chatuk oke, Matt. 13: 57; itinchuka, v.t.,
to keep house together; itinchukali, n.,
my husband, or my housemate, but
usually uttered by the woman.

chuka, y.a.i., to house or live; achukat
ahanta, Josh. 2: 15.

chuka abaiya, chukabaiya, n., a vaga-
bond; a vagrant; one that wanders
from house to house.

chuka abaiya, a., vagrant.

chuka abaiya, v. n., to be vagrant; to
wander or go from house to house.

chuka abaiyachi, v. t., to act as a vaga-
bond; to go from house to house; chuka
abaiyachit hachikitanowokashke, go not
from house to house! Luke 10: 7.

chuka abaiyat nowa, vy. a.i., to gad
abou

chuka abaiyat nowa, n., a gadder; a
gadabout.

chuka abili2ka, n., a neighbor, Josh. 9:
16; 20: 5.

chuka achafa ahalaia, a., domestic, per-
taining to a family.

110

chuka achafa, chukachafa, n., a
family; a household; a house, Luke
IS Ae

chuka afoha, n., an inn; a tavern; a
hotel; a house of rest.

chuka afoha hatak, n., a host; an inn-
keeper.

chuka afoha ithikia, chuka afoha in-
talaia, n., a taverner; an innholder;
one to whom stands a house of rest.

chuka aholitopa, n., a sanctuary, or a
sacred house.

chuka aiitola, n., the site of a house;
the foundation of a house.

chuka aiontala, n., the foundation of
a house; the underpinning.

chuka akinli ashana, a., homespun;
spun in the house itself.

chuka akinli atoba, a., home made;
made in the house itself.

chuka anusi, n., a hotel; an inn; a
house of sleep, or where they sleep.

chuka apanta, n., a neighbor; an adjoin-
ing house; chuka panta hatak, J ohn 9;
8; Matt. 5: 43.

chuka apanta a%sha, n., neighbors,
Luke 1: 58.

chuka apantali, n., an adjoining house;
a neighbor.

chuka apalli, chukapalli, pl., in i*chuka-
palli, his neighbors.

chu"ka a¥sha, a., homebred.

chuka a¥sha, v. a. i., to be at home; to
sit at home.

chuka chaha, n., a tower; ahigh house.

‘chuka chukoa, y. a. i., to enter a house;
to house.

chuka foka, pass., housed; inchuka foka,
cooped; put in his house.

chuka foki, v. t., to house; inchuka
foki, to coop; to put in his bouse.

chuka hanta, n., a council house; a
state house; a senate house; a house of
peace and friendship; a white house;
the capitol; a temple.

chuka hukmi, v. t., to burn a house;
inla inchuka hukmi, vy. t., to burn the
house of another; n., an incendiary.

chuka ikbi, n., a carpenter, Matt. 13: 55;
see chukikbi.

chuka impalata, a., homesick; longing
for home.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

chuka impalata, v. n., to be homesick,
or he is homesick; chuka ampalata, I
am homesick.

chuka impalata, n., homesickness.

chuka ishi kanchak, n., a witch; a hob-
goblin.

chuka isht alhpolosa, n., mortar for a
house; daubing for a house.

chuka isht holmo, n., the roof of a
house; shingles for a house; covering
for a house.

chuka isht holmo ahi, n., the eaves.

chuka isht holmo ibitahaka, n., the
eaves.

chuka itabana, n., the sides of a house.

chuka itabana, n., a log house.

chuka itabanni, n., a house raising.

chuka itontala, n., astory ina building.

chuka ituksita, n., a dooryard.

chuka lukonli, n., a number of houses
near each other; a neighborhood; a set-
tlement.

chuka limishki, n., a framed house.

chuka na chokushpa, n., the furniture
of a house; household furniture.

chuka naksika, n., the side of the house.

chuka osapa, n., homestead; the house
field.

chuka patali, v. t., to massacre.

chuka pallit a®ya, chuka pulalit aya,
v. a. i, to saunter; to act the vaga-
bond.

chuka pila, adv., homeward; home-
wards; toward the house.

chuka pulalit a®ya, chuka pulalit
nowa, n., a saunterer; a vagabond.

chukabaiya, see chuka abaiya.

chukachafa, n., a family; a house; a
household; lit. one house, Matt. 10: 6;
15: 24; Josh. 7: 14; see chuka achafa.

chukachafa abinili, n., a few; a seat for
a single family.

chukachafa isht atia, n., a house line-
age, Luke 1: 27, 33.

chukachafa nan isht atta, n., a stew-
ard.

chukachafa peticheka, n., a_ house-
holder; the ruler of a house; a house-
keeper.

chukachafa pelichi, n., a housekeeper,
a householder, Matt. 13: 27.

chukafa, pp., plucked out; pulled out.

BYINGTON ]

chukafoha ohoyo,n., a hostess; a woman
who keeps an inn.

chukah, in (ahchukah, indeed; something
unlooked for by the speaker; from tah,
an adverb in the recent past tense;
ishtatahchukah or tohchukah, same but in
the remote past tense.

chukalaha, n., the present made in
food to a visitor.

chukalahachi, y. t., to go in search of a
present in food; to obtain food as a
present.

chukalahachi, n., a visitor who comes
for food.

chukali, chukli, v. t., pp., pl., plucked
out; pulled out, as grass or hair; to
pluck out, ete.; see chukaffi.

chukalichi, y. t. caus., to make him
pull out, or to pull out from another.

chukanakbila, see hachukbilankbila.

chukani, n., the common house fly; the
green-headed fly that blows meat, ete.

chukanicheli, vy. t., to fly blow.

chukanushi, n., a fly-blow; a maggot.

chukanushi a"sha, pp., fly-blown.

chukanushi laua, a., maggoty.

chukapanta, chuka apanta (q. v.), n.,
a neighbor; chuka palli, pl.

chukapalli, see chuka apalli.

chukapishia, n., an old-fashioned house
built with upright logs, and having a
shed allaround it; a porch, Matt. 26:71.

chukashana, n., a houselock.

chukashaya, v. a. i., not to come out
even, in folding a handkerchief; itachu-
kashaya, to cross each other, as bridle
reins when crossed.

chukachi, a., mad.

chukaffy, y. t. sing., to pluck out; to pull
out; chukli, pl.

chukaffi, n., a plucker.

chukalbaska, n., the ribs of a house, or
roof.

chu"kash, n., the heart; the center; the
stomach; the feelings; the affections;
spirits; conscience; pluck; the reins;
spirit; temper; disposition; a grain;
chunkash ako” aminti, Matt. 15: 18, 19;
chutkash yohbi, chutkash akanlosi, the
person; himself, Matt. 11: 29; chunk-
ash anutkaka okla ahnitok, think or say
within themselves, Matt. 9: 3; yakni
chumkash, heart of the earth, Matt. 12:

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

Ly

40; okla tlappa chumkash, this people’s
heart; chu”kash okato, their heart, Matt.
15: 8; imchurkash, his or her heart;
imichutkash (I once heard this form
used.—Byington).

chu"kash achukma, n., a good heart;
grace.

chu"kashakka®lusechi,v. t.,todaunt; to
sink the spirits; to depress; to humble.

chu"kash akka2lusi, n., melancholy; a
depressed heart or spirits; humility.

chu"kash akka*lusi, v. a. i., to despond.

chu"kash akka®lusi, pass., daunted;
spirits sunk; depressed; humbled.

chu"kash akka2®lusi, a., lowly, Matt. 11:
29.

chutkash akka®lusi keyu, a., unhum-
bled.

chutkash atti, n., a pure heart; a true
heart; a sincere heart; an honest heart;
sincerity.

chu"kash apa, n., animalcule from
which mosquitoes grow, called wiggle-
tails.

chu"kash banna, y.a. i., to wish for with
the heart; the heart desires.

chutkash bila, pp., piqued.

chu"kash bili, v. t., to pique.

chu®kash chaha, a., high minded; high
hearted.

chutkash chaha, y. a. i., to be high
minded.

chu"kash chumpa, y. t., to bribe; to
buy the heart.

chu"kash halupa, a., high tempered;
angry; having quick feelings.

chu"kash halupa, y. n., to be high
tempered.

chu"®kash himmona,n.,a renewed heart;
a new heart; regeneration.

chu"kash himmona, pp., regenerated;
having the heart renewed.

chu?®kash himmona,a., regenerate; hav-
ing a new heart.

chu"kash himmonachi, v.t., to renew
the heart; to regenerate.

chu"kash homi, n., a bitter heart; bit-
terness of heart; a venomous temper;
fire; gall.

chu"kash homi, a., fervent; fiery.

chu"kash hominchi, v. t., to envenom; to
embitter the heart.

chu"kash hutupa, n., a wounded heart;
an offended spirit.

112

chu"kash hutupa, pp., insulted; of-
fended.

chu®kash hutupali, v. t., to affront; to
wound the feelings; toinsult; to offend.

chu"kash hutupali, n., an offender.

chu"kash ia, v. a. i., to desire; the heart
goes; to wish for.

chu"kash ikhotopo, a., unwounded; un-
offended.

chu"kash iknakno, n., a hypochondriac;
a dispirited person.

chu"kash illi, a., disheartened.

chu"kash illichi, v. t., to dishearten.

chu"kash imanukfila, n., the affections
of the heart; the thoughts of the heart.

chu2kash imanukfila achukma, nh.,
charity.

chu®kash imanukfila nukoa, n., re-
sentment.

chu"kash inla, a., alienated; another
heart, generally used in a bad sense;
itinchunkash inlah, shaken in mind.

chu®kash inla, y. n., to be alienated.

chu"kash inlachi, v. t., to shake the
purpose; to change the mind or the
affections.

chu"kash ishahinla, a., impressive; can
take the heart.

chu®kash ishi, v. t., to seize the heart; to
captivate; to overcome; to rap; to touch
the feelings; to charm; to steal the af-
fections; to gain or get the affections;
to fascinate.

chu®kash ishi, n., rapture; a spell.

chu2kash kapassa, a., cold-hearted; in-
sensible.

chu"kash kallo, a., flint-hearted; hard-
hearted; headstrong; obstinate.

chutkash kallo, n., hardness of heart;
obstinacy; sangfroid.

chu"kash lua, y.a.i., to burn; to be in-
flamed with passion.

chu"kash lua, n., heartburn.

chu"kash nakni, n., hardihood; bravery;
boldness of spirit.

chu"kash nala, n., a wounded heart.

chu"kash nala, pp., piqued; offended.

chu"kash nah, v. t., to pique; to offend.

chu"kash okpani, vy. t., to demoralize;
to injure the heart.

chu"kash okpulo, n., a bad heart.

chutkash okpulo, pp., demoralized;
ruined in heart.

chu®kash shanaiachiy, v. t., to wean the
affections; to pervert the heart,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

chu"kash tuklo, n., a double dealer.

chu®kash tuklo, a., double-hearted.

chu2kash walwaki, a., tender-hearted.

chu"kash weki, n., gravity.

chu2kash weki, a., grave-minded.

chu“kash yiminta, a.; hearty; zealous;
fierce-minded.

chu2kash yohbi, n., a serene heart; a
subdued heart; asanctified mind; clem- |
ency; meekness; righteousness.

chu"kash yohbi, a., clement; as hatak
chutkash yohbi, a clement man, or a
man of clemency; clever; familiar;
holy; meek, Matt. 11: 29.

chu"kash yohbichi, v. t., to subdue the
heart; to sanctify the heart.

chu"kash yukachi, v. t., to fascinate; to
captivate the heart.

chu"kash yukpa, n., cheer; a joyful
heart; consolation.

chu"kash yukpa atapa, n., ecstasy;
overgladness of heart.

chu"kash yukpali, v. t., to console; to
feast; to rejoice the heart.

chukbaiyachi, y. t., to act the vaga-
bond.

chukbaiyachi, n., a vagabond; a va-
grant.

chukbi, n., the corner; the inside corner;
the lee; chukbeli, pl., corners, Rey. 7:1.

chukbika, n., the corner; the place oc-
cupied as a corner, Mark 12: 10, 11;
corner of a sea, Josh. 18: 14.

chukbilaklak, see chukkilakbila.

chu"kcho, n., a fishhawk.

chukchu n., a maple; a soft maple,
the most common kind among the
Choctaw.

chukchu chito, chukchu imoshi, n.,
hard maple or big maple.

chukchu hapi champuli, n., maple
sugar.

chukchua, pass., tickled.

chukchua, n., a tickling.

chukchuki, v. a. i., to be spotted, like
cattle; see chikchiki.

chukchulli, v.t., to tickle.

chukchulli, n., a tickler.

chukfaluma, n., a cony burrow.

chukfalhpoba (Matt. 7: 15; 15: 24; 18:
12), chukfi alhpoba (John 10: 1, 3, 7;
Matt. 12:11, 12) chukfalhpowa, chukfi
alhpowa, n., a sheep; lit. a domesti-
cated rabbit. This form of expression

BYINGTON ]

is used sometimes for the sake of dis-
tinguishing the sheep from the rabbit;
chukfi alhpoba yor, the sheep, Matt.
10: 16.

chukfalhpowa apistikeli, chukfalh-
poba apesachi, n., a shepherd, John
LOSE

chukfalhpowa hishi, n., wool.

chukfalhpowa i®hollihta, n., a sheep-
fold, John 10: 1.

chukfalhpowa nakni, n., aram; a buck.

chukfalhpowa nipi, n., mutton; the
flesh of sheep.

chukfalhpowa tek, n., a ewe.

chukfalhpoyushi, chukfi alhpowaushi,
chukfushi, n., a lamb.

chukfi, n.,a sheep, or a rabbit which is
the first definition as sheep have not
been long known among the Choctaw;
a cony.

chukfi aiasha, n., a sheepfold.

chukfi apesachi, n., a shepherd.

chukfi apistikeli, n., a shepherd.

chukfi alhpowaushi, see chukfalhpoyushi.

chukfi hakshup, n., a sheepskin.

chukfi hishi, n., wool; sheep wool.

chukfi hishi almo, n., a fleece.

chukfi hishi almo, pp., fleeced.

chukfi hishi amo, y. t., to fleece; to
shear off wool; to shear sheep.

chukfi hishi amo, n., ashearer; asheep
shearer, Acts 8: 32.

chukfi hishi itapana achafa, n., one
hank of woolen yarn.

chukfi hishi nan tanna, n., flannel;
woolen cloth; cloth made of wool.

chukfi hishi nan tanna aiskiachi, n.,
a clothier.

chukfi hishi shana, n., woolen yarn.

chukfi hishi shapo, n., a felt; a hat
made of wool; a wool hat.

chukfi hishi tanna, n., flannel; woolen
cloth; woven wool.

chukfi imaseta, n., the vine which
grows and adheres to the bark of trees,
having a trumpet-shaped blossom. It
is said to be good in dysentery.

chukfi isht abeka, n., the rot; a disease
among sheep; a fatal distemper incident
to sheep.

chukfi luma, n., a rabbit.

chukfi nakni, n., a ram;a buck; the male
of the sheep; Joshua 6: 4, 5, 6, 8, 13.

84339°—Bull, 46—15 8

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

113

chukfi nishkin, n., a painful, obstinate
ulcer which comes on the foot or leg;
stone bruise on the thick muscles.

chukfi pattakata nakni, n.,a buck; the
male of the hare.

chukfi pattakita, chukfi pattakata,
n., a hare.

chukfi tek, n., a ewe.

chukfi yoba, n., the cramp in the hand.

chukfikoa, nukfichoa (q. v.), n., the
hiccough or hickup.

chukfikoa, vy. a.i., to have the hiccough;
to hiccough.

chukfikoli, v. t., to cause the hiccough.

chukfikolichi, y. t., to make him hic-
cough.

chuktikpelo, n., the northeast.

chukfikpelo, a., northeast.

chukfitohtololi, n., a viper; ‘‘a ground

rattlesnake.”’

chukfoba, a. (from chukfi and holba,
like), sheepish; like a sheep.

chukfoba, y. n., to be sheepish.

chukfoloha, a., dizzy; drunk; giddy.

chukfoloha, vy. n., to be dizzy; to be
drunk.

chukfoloha, vy. a. i., to stagger; to reel;
to swim in the head.

chukfoloha, n., dizziness; the vertigo;
giddiness; the staggers.

chukfulli, chukfolli, chukfolulli, v. t.,
to stagger; to make dizzy; to cause to
swim; to cause to reel.

chukfulli, a., dizzy; drunk.

chukfushi, n., a lamb; a young rabbit.

chukfushi holba, a., lamblike.

chukfushicheli, y. t., to lamb; to bring
forth a lamb.

chu"ki, see chovki.

chukikbi, n., a house maker; a house
wright; a joiner.

chukillissa, n., a deserted house; an
empty house; a vacant house; solitude.

chukillissa, a., desert; vacant; empty,
as a house that stands vacant; desolate;
waste; hachinchuka yat hachinchukillis-
sat taiyaha, Matt. 23: 38.

chukillissa, chukilissa (from chuka and
ilissa), vy. t., to desert a house or houses
that are their own; ikchukillissa, Acts
1:20.

chukillissa, n., those who desert their
house.

114 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

chukillissa, pp., desolated.

chukillissachi, v. t., to cause to desert
the house; to make another leave his
house; to desolate; to depopulate.

chukillissachi, n., a destroyer; one who
causes others to leave their homes.

chukimma, adv., homeward, home-
wards.

chukimpata, n., a piazza.

chukka, see chuka.

chukkilakbila, chukkilakpila, chuk-
kila"pila, hachukbila"kbila (q. v.),
chukbilaklak (Ch. Sp. Book, p. 55),
n., the whip-poor-will.

chukli, v. t. pl., to pluck out; to pull up,
as hair or grass, with the hands; chu-
kati, pp.; chukoffi, sing; see chukali.

chukli, n., a plucker; one that plucks.

chuktampulli, hachuktampuli (q. v.),
tuklampuli, n., a cobweb; an air
thread; a spider’s web; a spider’s nest.

chukma, a., good; well; healthy. This
is usually written achukma.

chukma, y.n., to be good, well, healthy,
agreeable; iksanchukmo, I am not well;
ikinchukmo, he is not well, Matt. 4: 23;
haknip ikinchukmo; inchukma, he is well.

chukoa, chukowa, v. t., to enter; to
go in; to come in; to thrust, Matt. 5:
205 72 21; 8: 5; 12: 4, 9; 13: 22 172253 18:
3) Sy 9; Josh. tel SO mipmkeraaais
4:16; tkchukoo ahni, vy. t., to admit; to
permit to enter; isht chukoa, v. t., to
carry in, Luke 4:1; to take into; to ob-
trude; ant chukowa, to come under,
Matt. 8: 8; to come in, Josh. 6: 1;
chukoyua, pro form; ibachukoa, v. t., to
invade; to enter with another; v. a. i.,
to obtrude; achukowa, n., an entrance,
Josh. 8: 29.

chukoa, n., an entrance.

chukoa, n., an enterer; one who enters.

chukokhisa, n., a house door.

chukowa hinla, a., penetrable.

chukowahe keyu, a., impenetrable.

chukpalali, vy. a. i., to shine dimly, as
on a cloudy day.

chukpalantak, hachukpalantak, n., a
tree toad.

chukulbi, n., a nook or point of land
lying in the bend of a creek or in a fork
between two creeks; bok chukulbi, the
fork of creeks; achukulbi, united; com-

(BULL. 46

panionship; communications, 1 Cor. 15:
33.

chukushi, n., a small house; a cot; a cot-
tage; a hut.

chukushi abeli, v. t., to hut.

chukushmi, n., a desert; chukushmi foka
yan, John 6: 31.

chukushmi, a., sandy, sandish; yakni
chukushmi, sandy land.

chukushpa, a., small; i®na chukushpa,
‘‘ their stuff;’?? Josh. 7: 11.

chukushpa a., slanderous.

chukushpali, v. t., to amuse.

chukyiweta, chukyuata, v. a. i., to
loathe; to feel sick at the stomach.

chukyiweta, chukyuata, a., loathsome.

chula, n.,afox; chula puta kat, the foxes,
Matt. 8: 20.

chula aiabi, n., a fox trap.

chula hishi, n., fox fur; fox hair.

chula holilabi, n., a mad fox; a rabid
fox.

chula isht abeka, n., a diarrhea; a loose-
ness; amore modest way of speaking
than ikfia.

chula nakni, n., the male fox.

chula tasembo, n., a mad fox; a rabid
fox; a raving fox.

chula tek, n., the female fox.

chula ushi, chulushi, n., a young fox; a
cub.

chulahtu%sh, n., asmall variety of mush-
room.

Chulai, n., July.

chulakto, chilakto (q. v.), a., forked;
cloven.

chulaktochi, v. t., to fork; to cleave.

chulabi, n., a fox hunter.

chulhah, v. a.i., to say chulh; to rumble,
as the bowels.

chulhkan, n., a spider.

chulhkan inchuka, n., a spider’s nest;
a spider’s web.

chulosa, chilosa, a., calm; quiet; still;
hush; mum; peaceful; quiescent.

chulosa, y. n., to be calm; to be quiet;
to be still.

chulosa, v. a. i., to become calm, quiet,
still, silent; 1 Sam. 2: 9; to assuage; to
calm; to lull; to moderate; to subside;
chulusat talaiatok, Luke 8: 24.

chulosa, pass., becalmed; allayed; quiet-
ed; appeased; hushed; lulled; moder-
ated; stilled; unruffled,

;

BYINGTON]

chulosa, n., moderation; peace; quiet;
quietness; silence.

chulosachi, y. t., to quiet; to still; to al-
lay; to appease; to hush; to lull; to
moderate; to silence.

chulosachi, n., a calmer; a quieter; a
luller.

chuluk, chiluk (q. v.), n., a hole; a pit;
a cavity.

chulushi, see chula ushi.

chuta, vy. a. i. pl., to split; to shiver.

chuta, pass., split; riven; slit; cut;
marked; surveyed, as land; laid off;
shivered.

chuta, n., that which is split; strands.

chutafa, v. a. i. sing., to split off a piece;
to rive.

chutafa, pass., split; riven.

chulafa, n., that which is split; a piece
split off; a splinter; a shiver; a slit.

chutali, v. a. i. pl., to splinter; to shiver.

chutata, v. a. i. sing., to split; to scantle.

chutata, pp., split; slit; rived; riven;
split off from another piece; chutlanta,
nasal form, being slit or rived.

chutata, n., a slit; a piece that is split
off; a shred; a slip; a strand; a slit in
the ear.

chutaffi, v. t. sing., to split off a piece;
to splinter; to cut off a piece (not to
tear it off).

chutaffi, n., a splitter.

chutalli, v. t., to split off a piece; to slit;
to shred.

chutalli, n., a splitter.

chuli, v. t. pl., to rive; to slit; to cut
out, as cloth when a garment is cut;
to shred; to subdivide; to lay off land
into sections or smaller portions; to
survey; yakniachuti, to survey the land;
iti a® chuti, to slit up the wood; nantan-
na ya chuti, to cut up the cloth.

chuhi, n., a splitter; a river; a slitter,
ete.; shivering.

chutoh, chulullih, to drip; chutohonli;
chutohonlit aba yakni.

chutotah, vy. a. i., to fly, as a spark.

chumat”ko, n., the shin.

chumba, choba, adv., consequently, said
in anger by a child; chumba ialachin, so
I will be off; see cho.

chumpa, vy. t., to buy and pay with cash
at the time and not with a promise of
cash; to purchase; to redeem; to shop;

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

115

to negotiate; to ransom; he buyeth,
Matt. 13: 44, 46; dimpa chumpat tamaha
ilhkoli, John 4: 8; okla achumpashke,
they shall buy there, Matt. 14: 15; isht
chumpa, to buy with, Rev. 5: 9, 10;
chumpat pifalaminchi, Gal. 3:13; chuhpa,
subpositive form; chuhopa, immediate
future form, to buy now; i/echumpa, to
buy himself; to redeem himself, cho-
humpa, freq. ; choyumpa, pro. ; ikchumpo,
a., unbought.

chumpa, n., a buyer; a purchaser; a re-
deemer.

chumpa, n., a purchase.

chumpa hinla, a., purchasable.

chumpa hinla, a., venal.

chumpahe keyu, a., irredeemable.

chumpachi, vy. t., to cause to buy; to
make him buy.

chunasha, n., a moccasin snake.

chuncho, n., a bird of some kind.

Chuni, n., June.

chunna, a., lean; poor; spare; low in
flesh; meager; raw-boned.

chunna, pass., emaciated.

chunna, y. n., to be lean, poor, ete.

chunna, y. a. i., to emaciate; to fall
away.

chunna, n., leanness; poorness.

chunnachi, y.t.,to make lean, poor, ete.

chunnat ia, v. a. i., to waste; to wither.

chunukabi, n., the pleurisy.

chunukabi, a., sick with the pleurisy.

chunukabi, v. n., to be sick with the
pleurisy; to have the pleurisy; chunuko
sabi, I have the pleurisy; chinuko chibi,
thou hast the pleurisy.

chunuko, chunoko, chinuko, n., the
side below the armpit; the pleura;
chinuko foka akom, Rey. 1: 13.

chunuko takchi, v. t., to lace the chest;
isht takchi hosh hikiatok, Rey. 1: 13.

chunuko talakchi, pass., strait-laced.

chunuli, a., bowed down; bowed to-
gether.

chunuli, v. n., to be bowed; to be bent
double, Luke 13 :11; chunohonli, freq.

chupilhkash, chopilhkash (q. yv.), n.,
chips; trash; sweepings.

chupilhkash isht piha,n.,a rake; achip
rake.

chupilak, chopitak (q. v.), n., a chim-
ney swallow.

chusa, chitsa, n., a sparrow.

116

chutsa, n., neck of a junk bottle.

chutsa, v. a. i., to be pointed or tapering;
smaller at one end than at the other.

chusoha, chisoha (q. v.), V. a. i, to
rattle.

chusoha, chisoha, n., a rattling.

chusohachi, chisohachi (q. v.), to rattle;
to make it rattle; to purl.

chusokachi, v. a. i., to chink.

chusolichi, v. t., to chink.

chusopa, v.a.i., to rattle, as chains.

chusopa, n., a rattling.

chusopa, a., rattling; tali chusopa, rattling
iron; a trace chain.

chusopachi, v. t., to cause it to rattle.

chushak, n., the back side of the neck
next to the shoulders.

chushak hishi, n., the mane.

chushak hishi a"sha, a., maned; having
a mane.

chushak hishi kallo, n., bristles.

chu2shkiksho, a., peevish.

chushukli, iachushukli, y. a. i., to be
lame.

chushukli, a., lame.

e prefixed per. pro. Ist per. pl. of active
verbs beginning with consonants, as
chanli, to chop; echanli, we chop; eha-
chimolachi, ehachiryaiya, Matt. 11: 17.

ebi, we kill; Ist per. pl. irreg., from abi.

echi, v. t., used only in the imp., hand;
give; put this way into the hand; see
auechi; isht echi, v. a. i., to begin, Luke
24: 27.

eha, ehah, int., oh dear! heigh! heigh ho!

ehehe, int., la; alas.

eho, prefixed, per. pro. 1st per. inclu-
sive, pl. of active verbs, beginning with
consonants, as ehochanli, we all chop;
ehofokachi® cho? shall we puton? Matt.
6: 31.

eka; in yakni paknak eka; see aika.

ela, we come (from ala to arrive), 1st
per. pl. irreg.

elefant, n., elephant; elefant noti, n.,
ivory, 1 Kings 10: 18.

elli, a., grievous; from il.

ema, we give; Ist per. pl. irreg., from
ima, to give (q. V.).

emo, we pick; we trim; Ist per. pl. irreg.,
from amo, to piek, to trim.

enchil, n., angel; the English word writ-
ten in Choctaw; yammakoka imenchil,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

their angels, Matt. 18: 10; enchil okla,
angels, Luke 2: 15.

epa, we eat, Ist per. pl. irreg., from apa,
to eat.

Eplil, Epilil, n., April.

eshi, v. t., to take, from ishi (q. v.); eshi-
tok, 1 Sam. 2: 21. This is nothing more
than an intensive of ishi, requiring more
time for the action: ishi, to take; eshi,
to hold.

eshi, n., parturition.

eshichi, caus., to cause to take; ala eshi,
to travail, ‘‘to have a child,”’ 1 Sam.
4:19.

et, adv. this way, i. e., toward or in the
direction of the speaker, but not up to
him; awet. (q. v.) means quite to the
speaker.

fabaspoa, a. pl., long and slender.

fabaspoa, y.n., to be long and slender.

fabasfoa, a. pl., long and slender; slim.

fabassa, fobassa, a. sing., long and slen-
der; slim.

fabassa, v. n., to be long and slender;
to be slim.

fabassachi, v. t., to make it long and
slender.

fabassat itonla, vy. a.i., to lie prostrate.

fabassoa, a. pl., long and slender; slim.

fabassoa, v.n., to be long and slender.

fachachi, v. t. pl., to throw with a stick,
which is done by holding a stick and
pressing the lower end of it against an
object on the ground and then making
the stick spring suddenly, whereby the
object is thrown; fachali, y. t. sing.;
fachoti, pl.

fachama, pp. sing., thrown by a stick, as
described under jfachachi.

fachamoa, pp. pl., thrown by a stick,
ete.

fachamoli,v. t. pl., to throw by spring-
ing a stick, as above.

fachanli, fichanli (q. v.), fachanli, v. a.
i., to peel up, as bark on a tree, or to
scale; to open; to crack open; to burst
open, as a bur or pod; to scale, Deut.
28:27.

fachanli, n., peeling up; the act of peel-
ing; a crack; lachowa fachanli, Deut.
282 2ihe

fachanlichi, v. t., to cause to peel; to
scale,

» oh cere

BYINGTON ]

fachammi, fichammi, y. t. sing., to
throw by springing a stick; cf. fachachi,
pl.

fachammi,n., one who throws by spring-
ing.

facho®wa, v. n., to be scaly; to have
scales, Deut. 14: 9.

faha, pp., waved.

fahakachechi y. t. caus., to swing; to
cause to vibrate; to vibrate.

fahakachi, v. a. i. pl., to swing slowly
and heavily, as a bag filled and laid
across a horse swings as he walks along;
to seesaw; to swingle; to vibrate; to
wave; toundulate; frequently, to swing
or wave, as aleafinthe wind; to vibrate,

- as the pendulum ofa clock; takant faha-
kachi, v. a. 1., to dangle; fahakanchi,
nasal form; fahakahanchi, freq. form.

fahakachi,fahakachi, pp.,swung; made
to vibrate; vibrated; waved; whirled.

fahakachi, n., a vibration; a whirling.

fahali, fahali, v. a. i. pl., to swing; to
vibrate; to wave.

fahali, pp., swung; vibrated; shaken;
waved; single act like shalakli.

fahatichi, y. t. caus., to swing; to vi-
brate; to shake; to wave.

fahatichi, n., a swinger.

fahama, v. t. sing., to beat; to smite;
to strike.

fahama, pp., hurt.

fahama, n., a stripe; a lick; a blow; a
lash.

fahata, v. a. i. pl., to swing; to vibrate
a long distance, as a long rope or grape-
vine, when suspended from a tree; to
oscillate.

fahata, pp.; swung; vibrated.

fahata, n., a swinging; a vibration.

fahatachi, v. t. pl., to swing; to vibrate;
to cause to swing.

fahammi, vy. t., to sling; to throw side-
ways with a whirling motion; to
scourge, Matt. 10: 17; fahammat pila, to
swing and throw; to hurl; to supplant;
to thrust a sickle, Rey. 14: 19.

tahammi, n., a hurler.

fahattakachi, n., aswing; a swinging.

fahattakachi, fahattakachi, vy. a. i.
sing., to swing; to turn; fahatkachi, v. t.
pl., to swing; also passive; fahatkahan-

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

117

chi, pp., keep turning, Gen. 3: 24; to
turn every way, Gen. 3: 24.

fahfoa, vy. a. i. pl., to move in various
directions; to whirl about.

fahfoa, pp., brandished; whirled about.

fahfuli, y. t. pl., to brandish; to move
about in various directions; to turn,
as to turn a grindstone; to move about
a sword, the arms, the feet (as a child),
or the tail (as a cow).

fahko, a. sing., long and slender; thin;
oski fahko; iti fahko; see fabaspoa.

fahko, v. n., to be long and slender; to
be thin.

fahkochi, v. t., to make long and slender.

fahpo, fappo (q. v.), n., magic.

faiokachi, v. a. i., to stagger; to reel; to
shake; to wave, asgrowing grain in the
wind; to nod; to rock; to roll, as a boat;
to totter; to vacillate.

faiokachi, pp., rocked; shaken, Matt.
11:7; faiokanchi, nasal form, reeling;
waving; faiokahanchi, freq., to reel; to
keep reeling.

faiokachi, n., a vacillation.

faioh, y. t. pl., to shake; to make them
reel; to make them wave.

faiotichi, v. t., to vibrate; to shake; to
cause to vibrate; to rock.

faiotichi, n., a rocker.

faiotlakachi, v. a. i. sing., to swing; to
shake.

faiotlakachi, n., a nod; a shake.

faiu"kli, v. a.i.,to reel; to stagger; same
as chukfulli, to reel (q. v.).

fakit, n., a turkey, whether domestic or
wild—named from one of its notes,
which sounds like this name; other
fowls have received names in the same
way.

fakit homatti, n., a male turkey; a
gobbler; a turkey cock.

fakit inchahe, n., a turkey’s spur.

fakit ishke, n., a hen turkey that has
raised a brood.

fakit kucha"kak, n., a young male tur-
key, not a year old.

fakit nakni, n., a male turkey; a turkey
cock.

fakit salakoba, n., lit., like the liver of
a turkey; the name of a plant, called
by some hart leaf.

fakit tek, n., a hen turkey.

118

fakit ushi, n., a young turkey; a tur-
key’s egg.

fatkkulih, see fa%kulli.

fako, n., a tree without limbs.

fakobli, see fakopli.

fakoha, y. a. i. pl., to peel off; to scale
off; to drop off; to come off; lukfi at
fakoha, the dirt peels off.

fakoha, pp. pl., peeled off; dropped off;
scaled off.

fakoha, n., the _ peelings;
pieces that come off.

fakoli, y. a. i. pl., to peel off; to strip
off; to come off; to scale off; to slough.

fakoli, n., a peeling; a stripping.

fakohi, pp., peeled off.

fakolichi, vy. t., to cause them to be
stripped off. ;

fakolichi, n., a peeler; a stripper.

fakopa, v. a. i. sing., to peel off; to scale
off; to drop off; to come off; to shell.

fakopa, pp., peeled off, etc.; shelled.

fakopa,n., the peeling, or piece that
comes off.

fakopli, fakobli, v. t. sing., falli or fakoli
pl., to peel; to scale; to strip; to tear off,
or up, as to peel off bark, or tear up a
floor.

fakopli, n., a peeler; a stripper.

fakoplichi, vy. t. caus., to cause to strip,
to peel, ete.

fakowa, pp., peeled; scaled; stripped;
torn up.

fakowa, v. a. i. pl., to scale off, ete.

fa%kulli, fatkkulih, v. t., to throw mud,
etc., with a stick.

falaia, a., long; tall; lengthy; livelong;
prolix, drawn, as wire; ikfalaio, a.,
short.

falaia, pp., elongated; lengthened; pro-
longed; protracted.

falaia, v. n., to be long or tall.

falaia, n., length; tallness; height; lon-
gitude; a strip.

falaia alhpesa, a., ample; long enough.

falaia i2shali, a. comparative degree,
longer; thus falaia, long; falaia imshati,
longer; falaia inshat tati, longest.

falaia itshat tali, a., sup. degree, long-
est.

falaiachi, v. t., to lengthen; to elongate;
to prolong; to protract; to spin out; to
make long, Josh. 6: 6.

scalings;

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

falaiakat auataka i®shali, n., oblong,

- the length is longer than the width.

falaiat ia, v. a. i., to grow long; to
lengthen.

falatkna (by metathesis), properly fa-
natkla n., a large yellow squirrel.

falakto, n., a crotch; a fork.

falakto, a., forked; crotched.

falakto, v. n., to be forked.

falakto, v. a. i., to fork; to divide into
two prongs.

falaktuchi, v. t., tomakea fork; to cause
it to fork; lapish falaktuchi, to make
the horn fork.

falaktuli, v. t., to make a fork or crotch;
to fork.

falama, v.a.i., to return; to turn back;
to turn about; to backslide; to turn; to
recede; to fall back; to react; to recoil;
to revert; to revolve; falamat achukmat
tcha, restored whole, Matt. 10:13; 12:13;
17:9; Josh. 4:18; 7: 3; falamat ialashke,
I will return, Matt. 12:44; imfalama, v.
t., to return to him; i”falamahe keyu, a.,
irrecoverable; he will not return to
him; falahama, freq.

falama, pp., returned; turned back; re-
duced; refunded; reverted.

falama, falama, n., a return; a turning
back; a backslider or turncoat (?); a
recess; a defection; aregress; i”falama,
a recovery; a render.

falamaka, n., the return; the turning
back; afalamaka, the place of turning
back.

falamakachi, falamakachi, y. a. i., to
recoil; to start back suddenly.

falamat, adv., again, as falamat aya, he
comes back again.

falamat abeka, vy. a. i., to relapse; to
become sick again.

falamat a®ya, v.a.i., to return along; to
come back again.

falamat a®ya, n., the return.

falamat a®ya, n., a returner.

falamat ala, y.a.i., to return; to return
and arrive; to come again.

falamat alhtoba, pp., refunded; repaid;
also n., repayment.

falamat chumpa, v. t., to redeem; to
return and buy.

falamat ia, v. a.i., to go back; to return;
to retrograde.

falamat ia, a., retrograde.

BYINGTON]

falamat minti, v. a. i., to start back.

falamat okcha, v. a. i., to revive; to
come to.

falamat okcha*ya, v. a. i., to revive; to
rise as from the dead.

falamat okcha®ya, pp., resuscitated; re-
vived; n., a revival.

falamat ona, y. a. 1., to return.

falamat tani, v. a. i., to rise again, John
We Ses Wein GS Al wife Pay

falamichi, falammichi, y. t., to return;
to cause to go back; to send back; to
bring back; see afalaminchi, to answer;
Matt. 11:4; falaminchi, vy. t., to restore,
Matt. 17: 11.

falamoa, v. a. i. pl., to return; to oscil-
late; see falama; falamohoa, freq.

falamoa, pp., returned; turned back; a.,
elastic.

falamoa, n. pl., returns; turnings back;
backsliders.

falamoaka, n., the returns.

falamoa, vy. a. i. pl., to go backwards and
forwards; to go and return more than
once.

falamolichi, v. t. pl., to cause to go
backward; to cause to turn from or
return; to cause them to go and return;
itifalamolichi, 1 Sam. 18: 7.

falamolichi, n., a returner; returners.

falam isht ikhana, n., a compass, an
instrument used in surveying land;
‘fan instrument to learn where the
north is.’’

falama, see falama.

falama, n., a relapse.

falamakachi, falamakachi, v. a. i., to
recoil; to start back suddenly.

falamakachi, n., a recoil; a recoiling.

falammi, n., the north.

falammi, a., north.

falammi, y. n., to be north; i”falammi,
it is north of it.

falammi chohmi, northerly; northern.

falammi fichik, n., the north star; the
north polar star.

falammi hashi aiokatula itintakla,n.,
northwest; between the west and north.

falammi imma, falamimma, a., adv.,
northern; northerly; northward; north-
wards.

falammi mali, n., the north wind;
Boreas.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

ne

falammi minti, a., northern, i. e., come
from the north.

falammi pila, ady., northwards; toward
the north; northerly, but not in the
north.

falammi pilla, ady., at the north; to the
north; away to the north; northern;
in the north.

falammi pilla, a., arctic; polar.

falammichechi, vy. t., to reclaim; tocause
to return.

falammichi, vy. t. sing., to return;to bring
back; to give back; to back; to cause to
retreat or recede; to avert; to defend;
to recall; to reduce; to reflect; to refund;
to remit; to render; to repel; to replace;
to repulse; to restore; to retaliate; to
retribute; to revert, 2 Sam. 24: 13;
itinfalammichi, to swap back; to return
to each other; falamotichi, pl.; ilefalam-
michi, v. ref., to return himself; falam-
minchi, nasal form, i”falamminchi, v. t.,
to recompense him; to re-cede; to re-
turn to bim; see falamichi.

falammichi, i"falammichi, n., a return-
er; a restorer; a return; i”falammichi,
n., a restitution.

falammichit anumpuli, vy. t., to retort;
to answer again.

falammichit ishi, v. t., to recapture; to
retake.

falammichit miha, vy. t., to respond.

falammichit pila, v. t., to retort; to cast
back.

falammichit pila, n., a return.

falammint, contracted form of falam-
michi.

falammint atobbi, v.t., to reimburse;
to repay; to refund.

falammint alhtoba, a., repaid; falam-
mint ikalhtobo, a., unrepaid.

falammint boli, v. t., to replace.

falammint chumpa, v. t., to redeem;
to buy back; to repurchase.

falammint chumpa, n., a redeemer; a
repurchaser.

falammint chumpa, n., redemption; a
repurchase.

falammint chumpa hinla, a., redeem-
able; can buy and return it.

falammint fohki, y.t., to reinstate; to
return and place in.

falammint heliche, vy. t., to reinstate;
to return and set it up.

120

falammint hoyo, falammint ihoyo, to
reclaim; to return and look after.

falammint i"kanchi, falammint kan-
chi, y.t., to re-cede; to reconvey; to
sell back to him.

falammint ima, falammint ibbak
fohki, vy. t., to render; to restore; to
give back; to redeliver; to return and
place in his hands.

falammint ishi, v. t., to recover; to get
again; to resume; to retake.

falammint ishi, n., a recovery.

falammint isht ia, v. t., to carry back.

falammint isht ona, v. t., toreconvoy.

falammint nanabli, v. t., to regorge.

Falisi, n., a Pharisee.

fali, v. t. sing., to brandish; to wave the
hand, as to beckon with the hand; to
flirt; to sweep; to vacillate; to wave;
to whirl; to whisk.

fali, n., a brandisher; a whirler.

fali, n., a whirl.

fanatkla, see fulankla.

fapa, fopa (q. v.), v. a. i, to roar, as
wind.

fappo, fahpo, n., magic; tricks; enchant-
ment; witchcraft; conjuration; a charm.

fappo, pass., charmed.

fappo onuchi, vy. t., to practice magic or
tricks upon; to charm.

fappo onuchi, n., a charmer; an en-
chanter.

fappo onuttula, pp., practiced upon
with tricks.

fappuli, v. t., to charm; isht i%fappuli, v.
t., to reprove.

fappuli, n., a magician.

fappuli imponna, n., a skillful ma-
gician.

fataha, a., waving in the wind; sita
fataha, a ribbon.

fatali, v. a. i., to swing; to wave.

fatalichi, v. t., to cause to swing or
to wave.

fatema, vy. a.i., to open the eyes like an
infant.

fatohachi, y. a. i., to swing round;
fatohanchi, nasal form; jfatohahanchi,
freq.

fatoma, fatuma, pp., opened, as a
clasp knife, or the eye; mnishkin at
ivfatumat oklatok, Matt. 9: 30; tkfatomo,
a., unopened.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

fatummi, fitammi, v. t., to open his
own eyes; to unclose; to open (a
knife); to untwine.

fatummi, n., an opener.

fatummichi, v. t., to cause to open, i.e.,
the eyes of another; to make him open.

fatummichi, n., an opener.

fachanli, y.a.i.; see fichanli, and jachanli,
to crack open, as chestnut burs, pea
pods, ete.

fala, pp. pl. of fakopa, scaled off; oksak
jalla, shagbark hickory; pecan (?)

fala, n., a crow.

fala atoni, n., a scarecrow; one that
watches the crows.

fala atoni, v. t., to watch crows.

fala chito, n., a raven.

fala imisito, n., a May apple; a man-
drake. ;

fala intanchi, falaknimushi, n., a
mandrake.

falakna, see fanakla.

falla, v. a. i. pl., to peel off.

falli, pl. of fakopli, v. t., to scale off; to
peel; hashi atitihakshup an falli, the sun
peels offthe bark of the tree; isito a” falli,
peel the pumpkin.

falushi, n., a crow’s egg; a young crow.

fama, n., a whipping.

fama, pp., whipped; flogged; chastised;
scourged; lashed; punished; chastened;
ikfamo, a., unpunished; unchastised;
not whipped.

fammi, y. t., to whip; to flog; to chas-
tise; to scourge; to lash; to castigate;
to chasten; to correct; to discipline; to
leather; to punish; to lick.

fammi, n., a whipper; a castigator; achas-
tiser; a chastener; a lasher; ascourger.

fammi, n., a whipping.

fanakla, falakna, a fox squirrel—fannak-
la and not fallakna—J. E.

fani, n., a squirrel.

fani hasimbish holba, n., yarrow or
wild tansy.

fani imalakusi, n., a lizard that changes
his color; a chameleon.

fani lusa, n., a black squirrel, rarely seen
in the Choctaw Nation.

fani okchako, n., a gray squirrel.

fani shapha, n., mistletoe.

fani ushi, n., a young squirrel.

BYINGTON ]

fanikoyo, n., a sycamore tree—lit. ‘‘the
squirrel does not climb it”? (Sixtowns
word).

fanitasho, n., a gray squirrel.

fappo, see fappo.

fatokachi, v. a. i., to wiggle; to shake
loosely, as the loose blade of a knife.

fattahachi, v. a. i., toshake, asa leaf; to
swing back and forth quickly as leaves
shaken by the wind and with noise, or
as a loose penknife blade.

fehna, fena, fehnha, vy. a. i., to do in-
tensely, or considerably; to effect a good
deal; itafehna, to fight, 2 Sam. 14: 6.

fehna, fiena, a., much; very; real; own,
John 1: 41; self; exceeding; excessive;
exorbitant; intense; intimate; intrin-
sic; mighty; particular; passing, as
passing strange; peculiar; quite.

fehna, fiena, v., n., to be much, very,
real; ikfehno, Matt. 7: 11.

fehna, ady., well, Matt. 17:5; John 2:
10; much, Matt. 6: 7; very; often; ex-
tremely; far; freely; heartily; ma-
turely; mightily; mighty; most; much;
oft; richly; rapidly; terribly; griev-
ously, Matt. 8: 6.

fehna keyu, adv., seldom; little, Matt.
6: 30.

fehnakma, in nitak yamma fehnakma, in
that very day, Matt. 7: 22.

fehnachi, v. t., to make much of; to ef-
fect much; ilefehnachi, v. ref., to think
much of himself, Matt. 13: 22 [?]; to
make much of one’s self; to praise one’s
self; to boast; to make much of himself;
fienachi, pro. form; ilefehnachit nowa, to
stalk; to strut; to walk proudly; ‘e-
fehnachi, a., proud; vain; arrogant;
consequential; self-important; iJefehna-
chi, vy. u., to be proud; ilefehnachechi,
v. t., to make proud; ilefehnachi, n.,
pride; vanity.

felami, filammi, n., a branch or a limb,
of a tree or of a river; itinaksish filam-
mi, Gen. 40:12; bok ushi filammi, prong
of a stream of water.

felamichi, n., a branch; a limb, Gen.
40: 10.

Fibueli, n., February.

‘fichak, fichak, n., the dew, or water
(from any cause), as the rain standing
in drops like the dew on the grass or
elsewhere; dew drops.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

121

fichak champuli, n., a honey dew; a
sweet dew; a mildew.

fichak chito, n., a heavy dew; a great
dew.

fichak kashatha, n., a honey dew; a
mildew; a sweet dew.

fichak toba, v. a. i., to fall, as dew; to
become dew.

fichama, y. a. i., to spring; to spring
open, as a door when pushed; to fly
open.

fichama, pass., sprung open; sprung and
thrown.

fichamoa, y. a. i. pl., to spring and fly.

fichamoa, pp. pl., sprung open.

fichamoli, fichammi (q.v.), pl., tospring
them; to throw them by springing.

fichanli, fachanli (q. v.), v. a. i., toopen;
to crack open, as pods, bean pods, ete.

fichanli, pp.,a., cracked open; opened.

fichanli, n., a cracking open.

fichapa, v. a.i., to fork; to divide into
two parts.

fichapa, pp., a., forked, as a road.

fichapa, n., a fork.

fichapoa, v. a. i. pl., to fork.

fichapoa, pp. pl., forked.

fichapoa, n., forks.

fichapoli, y. t. pl., to fork; to turn off,
as to turn off from a road.

fichapolichi, v. t. pl., to cause to fork.

fichabli, v. a. i. sing., fichapa, pp. (q. V-),
to fork; to turn off, Matt. 2: 22.

fichablichi, y. t., to cause him to turn off.

fichammi, fachammi, (q. v.), v. t., to
spring and throw; to spring open by
pushing against.

fichik, fochik, n., a star; stars; planets;
a planet, Matt. 2: 2, 7.

fichik atsha, a., starry.

fichik atia, n., the orbit of a planet.

fichik asha, vy. a.i., to have amaurosis;
anfichik asha, | have amaurosis; chin-
jichik asha, thou hast amaurosis.

fichik baieta, n., the yard stars.

fichik chito, n., a large star; a planet
that appears to be large, as Venus and
Jupiter; Lucifer; Saturn; Venus; Ves-
per.

fichik heli, n. pl., shooting stars;
teors; flying stars.

fichik hika, n. sing., a shooting star; a
meteor.

fichik homma, n. a red star; Mars.

me-

122 BUREAU

fichik isi nata silhhi, n., the yard
stars; the ell stars; lit., the stars that
track the wounded deer.

fichik issuba, n., the stars called the
pointers, or dipper, or butcher case, that
point toward the North Star; lit., the
horse star.

fichik laua, a., starry.

fichik luak, n., a blazing star.

fichik lukoli, n., a constellation.

fichik potoli, n., a blazing star; a comet.

fichik shobota, fochik shubota, fichik
shobulli, n., a comet.

fichik tohwikeli, n., starlight.

fichik watalhpi, n., the seven stars,
pleiads, or pleiades.

fichonli, fochonli, v. a. i., to scale off.

fichonli, pp., scabbed off; scaled off.

fichonlichi, y. t., to scale off; to cause it
to scale off.

fichukbi, n., aden; ahole in the ground.

fihobli, v. t., to satisfy; to gratify by
treatment, as in feeding, paying, or
treating well; to cloy; to slake; to suf-
fice.

fihobli, n., a satisfier.

fihobli, a., satisfactory.

fihoblichi, vy. t., to make satisfied; to
satisfy the mind.

fihoblichi, n., a satisfier.

fihopa, v. a. i., to stalk.

fihopa, pp., satisfied; gratified; cloyed;
sufficed; ikfihopo, a., unsatisfied.

fihopa, n., satisfaction; gratification; sa-
tiety.

fihopahe keyu, a., insatiate; insatiable.

fik, n., a fig, Matt. 7: 16.

fikomi, see isht afikomi.

fila"ki"sin, n., frankincense.

filama, pp., turned away; hashi®filahan-
mashke, Peter 2: 11; filammi, vy. t., itin-
filama, pp., separated from each other;
disunited; parted.

filamoa, pp. pl., turned away from;
turned from; ii®filamoa, turned from
each other.

filamotechi, v. t., to turn them away from
it or them; to separate from and turn
away; to part them from each other;
mikmat itirfilamotechikmat, and when
he separated them from each other,
Matt. 25: 32; late edition, itirfilamoti-
chi.

filamotechi, n., a separator; a divider.

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

filamoli, vy. a. i. pl., to turn away; to
branch, as the limb on a tree; iti®fila-
moti, to turn from each other; to part;
itifilamoti, pp., separated from each
other.

Filanchi, n., French.

Filanchi anumpa, n., French, or the
French language.

Filanchi hatak, n., a Frenchman.

Filanchi okla, n., the French people, or
nation; Frenchmen.

Filanchi yakni, n., France; French coun-
try.

filammi, felami (q. v.), a branch of a
tree or stream.

filammi, y. a. i., to turn away; to turn
from, -Matt.2: 12> Josh. diaiiaSenbo
leave; to depart from, Matt. 4: 11;
Luke 4: 13; Chihowa ya" infilammi; 1
Kings 11: 9; a®filammit, depart from me,
Matt. 7: 23; itinfilammi, to turn away
from each other; to part; i®filammi, to
leave him; to turn from him; aiin-
filammi, to turn away from at. This
differs from jfilammi, to depart out of.

filammi, n., obliquity; i%/filammi, n., a
turncoat; one that turns away from
him.

filammichi, v. t., to cause to turn away
from; to lead off from, Josh. 5: 9; to
cause to go from; to cause to branch off
from; itimfilammichi, vy. t., to turn
from each other; to separate them; to
disunite.

filamminchi, y. a. i., nasal form, to
branch; to shoot or spread in branches.

filamminchi, n., a branch, of the limb
of a tree or a water course; a fork; a
knag; a prong; a bay, Josh. 15: 2; 18:
19; bok filamminchi, branch of a creek;
naksish filamminchi, branch of a limb;
naksish filamoti, pl., branches of a limb.

filehkachi, vy. a. i. pl., to turn back and
forth; nashuka yat filehkachi, their faces
turn back and forth; ttihishi at filehka-
chi, the leaves of the tree turn, ete.

filekachi, n., a turning.

filema, vy. a.i. sing., to turn the person,
i. e., one’s own person; to turn round;
to turn over; to turn, as in looking
back; jilemat chikpsokashke, to veer;
Chisas ash ot pit filema, ‘‘ Jesus turning
unto them,”’ Luke 23: 28; to turn about,
Matt. 7: 6; 9: 22;to turn, Josh. 8: 20, 21.

BYINGTON |

filema, pp., turned round; turned back.

filemachi, vy. t., to turn; to veer.

filemat itola, v. a.i., to turn over; to
fall over; to capsize.

filemoa, v. a. i. pl., to turn over and
over, or backwards and forwards; to
veer; to turn this way and that way;
jilemoat pisa, to look around, Mark 11:
Tle

filemoa, pp. pl., turned over; turned.

filemotechi, vy. t., to cause to turn away;
to sever from, Matt. 13: 49; see fila-
motechi.

filemoli, v. t. pl., to turn over; Mark
Le).

filetakachi, y. a. i., to turn once sud-
denly.

filitka, filitko, adv., very; achukma
filitko, very good, used by some per-
sons.

filimmi, y. t. sing., to turn it over; to
come about; to upset; to turn away,
1 Kings 11: 2, 3, 4; holisso han filimmi, to
turn the book over; filihimmi, Josh. 7:
8; mati hat filimmi, v. a. i., the wind
turns.

filimmichi, v. t. caus., to turn it over or
round.

filimmikachi, vy. t., to turn.

fima, pp., scattered; sowed; sown;
strewed; disseminated; dissipated;
sprinkled; o”fima, pp., sprinkled on; ik-
jimmo, a., unsowed; seed not sown;
osapa ikafimmo, a field unsown (the a
is locative. )

fima, v. n., to be scattered; to be dissi-
pated.

fima, y. a. i., to scatter; to dissipate.

fimibli, v. t. pl., to sow; to scatter; to
strew; to disperse; to dissipate, but not
liquids; to spread; see fatabli, to spill;
itafimibli, vy. t., to dispel; to disperse;
to shatter.

fimibli, n.,
spreader.

fimibli, n., a spreading.

fimiblichi, vy. t., to scatter; to sputter;
to cause to scatter.

fimimpa, a., sparse.

fimimpa, adv., thinly.

fimimpa, pp., scattered; dispersed;
strewn; dissipated; diffused; littered;
sowed; sown; spattered; sprinkled, 2
Kings 9: 33; ikfimimpo, a., neg. form,

a sower; a scatterer; a

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

123

unseattered; itafimimpa, dispelled;
scattered from each other, John 10: 12;
dispersed; itafimimpa, pp., interspersed;
scattered with; scattered abroad; Matt.
9: 36; o®fimimpa, pp., spattered on;
sowed on, as seed.

fimimpa, vy. a. i., to dissipate; to scatter;
to disperse; itafimimpa, to scatter about;
to scatter apart from each other; wak
at fimimpa, the cattle disperse; hoshontt
at fimimpa, the clouds disperse; ita-
jimimpa, to scatter or disperse from
each other; to straggle away from each
other.

fimimpa, n., a dispersion; the state of
being scattered; litter; itafimimpa, n.,
a dispersion, James 1: 1.

fimmi, v. t., to sow; to scatter; to dis-
perse; to dissipate; to issue; na fimmi,
to sow something; to diffuse; to dissemi-
nate; to seminate; to spatter; to
sprinkle; jihimmi, Matt. 12: 20; iba-
Jimmi, v. t., tointersperse; to sow with;
onfimmi, vy. t., to splash on; to sprinkle
on; to sow on.

fimmi, n., a sower; a scatterer; a dis-
seminator.

fimmichi, v. t., to scatter; to sprinkle;
to cause to scatter.

fimmichi, n., a scatterer.

fimpkachi, pp., sowed; sprinkled,as when
water is sprinkled on the ground by
shaking a garment.

fimpkachi, y.a.i., to scatter; to sprinkle.

fiopa, n., breath; expiration; respira-
tion; a whiff; wind; a blast, Josh. 6: 5;
safiopa, my breath.

fiopa, v. a. i., to breathe; fiopali, I
breathe; fiopa, to draw a breath; v. t.,
to expire; to respire; to whiff; o®fiopat
foyuki, to breathe into, Gen. 2: 7; iafi-
opa, to inhale; to snuff up; to inspire;
to snuff; to draw in the breath.

fiopa ikfalaio, a., short-breathed; breath
not long.

fiopa imokpulo, n., the asthma; breath
bad for him, or breathing bad for
him.

fiopa isht aiopi, v. a. i., to expire; to
breathe the last time.

fiopa kobafa, n., broken wind; short
breath.

fiopa kobafa, a.,
breathed.

short-winded; short-

124 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

fiopa taha, a., broken-winded; breath-
less; breath exhausted; short-breathed.

fiopa tali, v. t., to exhaust the breath.

fiopa tapa, a., dead; breath-sundered.

fiopa tapli, v. t., to destroy life, Luke
6: 9; fiopa intapli, to separate the
breath.

fiopat taha, v. a. i., to pant.

fiopat taha, n., broken wind; short
breath.

fiopachi, v. t., to cause to breathe; to
give breath; to bring back the breath;
to save.

fitekachi, v. a. i., to veer about; to
whirl, as a top.

fitekachi, n., a whirling.

fitekachi, pp., whirled.

fitelichi, v. t., to whirl quickly; to cause
to fly and whirl as a handkerchief or a
flag when suspended and shaken by
the wind.

fitelichi, n., one that whirls.

fitiha, v. a.i., to whirl about; to veer
about; to shift about.

fitihachi, y. t. caus., to whirl about.

fitilema, pp., turned over, i. e., from be-
ing under another person or thing to
bring it on top; hatak at fitilema.

fitilimmi, y. t., to turn over, from being
underneath; to bring on top as may be
seen when two men wrestle and one is
thrown, but he gets the ascendancy of
his antagonist.

fititekachi, pl. of jitekachi, pp., whirled.

fititekachi, y. a. i., to whirl; to veer.

fitukhak, n., name of a bird often called
the yellow hammer, or yellow wood-
cock.

fo, adv., may be; perchance; as katima
iafo, where may he have gone.

fobassa, see fabassa.

fochi, see foechi.

fochik, see fichik.

fochik shubota, see fichik shobota.

fochonli, see fichonli.

foe, n., honey.

foe akmo, n., beeswax; bee bread.

foe bila, foi bila (Josh. 5: 6), n., honey
or ‘“‘bee oil’’; melted honey or honey oil.

foe bila hakshup, n., honeycomb.

foe bila iti a4sha, n., wild honey; wood-
land honey; honey in the woods.

foe bilishke, foishke, n., honey bee or
honey bees; those which collect the

[BULL. 46

honey; the mother of the honey; foe
bilishke hocheto, n., big bees.

foe bilishke i2mi"ko, n., the queen bee.

foe bilishke inchuka, a bee hive; a bee
gum.

foe bilishke inchuka fohki, v. t., to
hive bees.

foe bilishke inchuka foka, pp., hived.

foe bilishke inchuka i“hoshontika, n.,
an apiary; a bee house or shelter.

foe bilishke i2pokni, n., the drones or
grandmother bees.

foe hakmi, n., wax; beeswax.

foe inlakna, n., bee bread; wax.

foe nia, n., honeycomb filled with honey.

foechi, fochi, fohchi (M. Dyer); o”
foechi, 1. Cor. 8, caption; to sprinkle
on water, salt, ete.

foeli, fulli, v. t., to pick out; to take out.

foha, y. a. i., to rest; to take ease; to
ease; to harbor; to recruit; to repose; to
respire.

foha, n., rest; respite; cessation; ease; an
intermission; recreation; a vacation.

fohachi, vy. t., to give rest; to cause to
rest; to rest another; to ease; to harbor;
to recreate; to repose; to unburden.
ilefohachi, v. ref., to rest himself; hachi-
fohachilashke, I will give you rest,
Matt: alilis28:

fohchi, see foechi.

fohka, foka, v.t., to put in; to put on;
as to put garments upon one’s self; to
clothe one’s self; to dress one’s self; to
ornament; albikachi, v.t. pl., ilalbikachi,
we dress ourselves (by putting on more
garments).

fohka, foka, v. a. i., to enter, Matt. 15:
17; to go into, John 3: 4; chitfoyuka,
to be in, Matt. 6: 23; to conceive, Luke
2:21; allaimfoka, to conceive, Luke 1:
24; alla infoyuka, to be with child, Matt.
1:18; ilefohka, to put on himself; hence,
ilefohka or ilefoka, n., agarment, a shirt;
itibafoka, n., a coalition; forhka, forka,
nas. form, foyuka, afoyuka (Josh. 3:3, 6;
4: 18), pro. form.

fohka, foka, sing., (cf. fohki), albikachi,
pp. pl.; put on, as garments; dressed;
clothed, Matt. 11: 8; clad; girded; in-
closed; put in, as a horse is put into a
stable or a field; invested; laded;
loaded; lodged; shut; vested; itibafoka,

BYINGTON ]

pp., combined; sabafohka, Matt. 12: 30;

_ forhka, fonka, nasal form, being in; be-
ing on, Josh. 2: 11, 19; possessed, Matt.
4:24; aiinfonka, Matt. 12: 22; afonka, ‘‘is
in,’ Matt. 7: 3; foka kano, that is in,
Matt. 7: 3; aiinforka, possessed with,
Matt. 8: 16; 12: 40; 17: 27:

fohka, foka, n., a lading; a passage; that
which is put on; found in compound
words, as na fohka, a garment or dress;
fohka achafa, a suit of clothes; foyuka,
Matt. 12: 40.

fothka, fotkka, v. a.i., to roar, as the
wind; to murmur; cf. John 3: 8.

fothka, n., the sound or roaring of wind,
John 3: 8.

fohkachechi, v. t., to array another ina
garment; to gird; to girdle; na fohka
tohbi holitompa hon fohkachechi cha, ar-
rayed him in a gorgeous robe, ete.
Luke 23:11; some say this word means
putting several garments upon another;
alla yan fokachechili, I dress the chil-
dren; fohkachichi mat, Matt. 27: 28, 31.

fohkachi, v. t., todress; to put garments
upon another person; toclothe another;
to furnish another with clothes; to in-
vest; to indue; to ornament; to vest.

fohkat aya, n., a passage; a passenger.

fohki, foki, to putin, Matt. 14:3; I Kings
10: 24; to fall into, 2 Sam. 24: 14; to in-
close; to inject; to lade; to load; to
lodge; to put; to shut; to tuck; to deliver
to, Matt. 5: 25; 11: 27; ibafohki, to com-
bine; to hide in, Matt. 13:33; Josh,
2: 24; 6:2; 7:7; itibafohki, to combine
together; fohkihchih, fohkichi, v. t., to
anoint; togrease; foho"ki, freq.; foyuhki,
pro. form; itifohki, v. t., to put in to-
gether; to unite; to set, asa bone; iti-
fohkit ikbi, to frame; iifohkit itabana,
framed, p.

fohkul, pohkul, n., a hornet; see below.

fohkul inchuka, n., a hornet’s nest.

fohobli, fohopli, v. t., to take out; to
unload; to take and spill; to pour out;
to shed forth; o”fohomplilahi oke, Acts
2:17; to put on, Josh. 7:6; fohombli,
nasal form.

fohobli, n., an unloader.

fohoblichi, y. t., to cause to take out.

fohopa, v. a. i., to pour out largely; to
fall down, Josh. 6: 5; hohtak oka foho-
pat iulit taha tok, Luke 8: 33; fohompa,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

125

nasal form, being poured out; fohompa,
n., a bunch; a pile; a_ collection;
fohohumpa, freq.; foywpa, pro.

fohopa, pp., spilled; unloaded; poured
out.

fohopa, n., that which is poured out; an
effusion.

fohopli, see fohobli.

fohukfunli, see fotukfunli.

fohukli, v. a. i., to pant or puff, like a
laboring ox; to blow.

foi bila, see foe bila.

foishke, foe bilishke (q. v.), n., ahoney
bee.

foiya, see hoiya.

foka, see fohka.

foka, n., rate.

foka, adv., about, as to time, place, de-
gree, quality, etc., nitak yamma fokama,
about that time, Acts 12: 1; fokama,
Matt.1: 11; nitak yamma fokama, atthat
time, Matt. 12: 1; katiohmi foka, how
long? Matt. 17: 17; fokatok, were about,
Matt. 14: 21; fokama, Josh. 2: 5; 9: 1;
in, i. e., in one place; aiasha, for plu-
rality of places.

foka, fuka, n., a place; aresidence; mi"ko
foka iatuk, he has gone to the king’s or
about the king’s; ishke foka iatuk, he
has gone to his mother’s, or about
his mother’s; iti fuka, about or in the
woods.

fokahota, ady., perhaps.

fokakash, adv. of past time, ago; about
that time, at or in that time; agone.

fokali, v.i., see 1 Sam. 4: 20; atuk osh li
fokalima, when she made about to die,
or went about to die, yamma fokalika,
at that time, 2 Kings, 16: 6; fokalechi,
with himak, 1 Tim. 5: 22; see yammak-
fokalechi.

fokachi, n., a dresser.

foki, see fohki.

fokichi, v. t., to cause to go in; to put
in; fokinchi, nasal form; fokihinchi freq. ;
fokiechi, pro. form.

folokachi; see fullokachi.

fololi, folulli, v. t., to go round; to take
round; i®folulli, v. t., to edge it; to go
round it.

fololichi, folullichi, y. t., cause to turn
round, as to turn a horse round at the
end of arow of corn; to curb; to rein; to
guide; toturn; 2 Kings 9: 25; to cause

126 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

it to go round; i%folololichit achunli, to
sew on a border; to border; to skirt;
infolullichi, to skirt; to face.

folota, fullota, n., acircuit; action or per-
formance in a circle; a round; a zone;
the region; the part; an excursion; a
period; a wandering; i”folota, its edge;
lace; edging; folotoa, pl. circuits;
rounds.

folota, n., a stroller; a wanderer.

folota, a., crooked; roundabout; going
round; circuitous.

folota, fullota, v. n., to be circuitous,
Matt. 2: 22; fullotat Kalile imkaniohmi
hot onatok; fullota is a diminutive of
folota, to go about slowly; round about,
Matt. 14: 35; to come about, 2 Sam. 24:
6; all round, Josh. 13: 2.

folota, fullota, v. a. i., to go round; to
deviate; to straggle; to stray; to stroll;
to swim; to wanton; to wheel.

folota, pp., taken round; put round;
infolota, edged; skirted; faced.

folota, ady., round.

folota, a., crooked; roundabout; cir-
cuitous.

folotat ala, n., a revolution.

folotoa, y. n., to be crooked.

folotoa, pp., taken round; put round;
infolotoa, edged; skirted.

folotoa, vy. a.i., to go round; to take cir-
cuits.

folotolichi, y. t. caus., pl.; to turn them
round; to cause them to go round.

folotolichi, v. t. pl., to put them round.

folotowachi, y. t., to take round; to
cause to wave backward and forward.

folulli, see fololi.

folullichi, see fololichi.

folumpa, round about, Mark 1: 28; see
afolumpa, from afolubli.

fotichi, v. t., to pour; o®folichi, to pour
on, as water on a plant; foholihinchi,
Ps, 402 2) [2].

fomohachi, y. a. i., to roar, as the wind
in the top of a tree; mati hat fomo-
hachi.

fomohachi, n., a roaring.

fomoli, vy. a. i., to weary; itafomoli, Gen.
Oe!

fomosa, a., slender; slim; without a
border; naked; without hair.

foni, n., a bone; stone, as of a peach, ete.;
shell, of a hickory nut, ete. ; a nut shell.

[BULL. 46

foni bano, a., bareboned; bony; full of
bones; nothing but bones; raw; raw-
boned.

foni bano, n., raw bones.

foni falammint itifohka, pass., set or
replaced, as bones after a dislocation.

foni falammint itifohki, y. t., to re-
place bones; to set bones; to reduce
from a dislocation.

foni falammint itifohki, n., a bone
setter.

foni hotupa, n., bone-ache; pain in the
bones; rheumatism.

foni ikhi, v. t., to ossify; to form bone.

foni iksho, a., boneless.

foni kommichi, n., bone-ache.

foni kommichi, y. a. i., to ache in the
bones; the bones ache.

foni laua, a., bony; full of bones; having
many bones.

foni lupi, n., marrow; marrow of the
bones.

foni toba, v. a. i., to ossify; to become
bone; to form into bone.

foni toba, pp., ossified.

foni toshbi, n., a rotten bone; rottenness
of the bone; caries; an ulcerated bone.

foni toshbi, a., carious.

foni toshbichi, vy. t., to cause the bone
to rot; to render carious.

fopa, fapa, v. a. i., to bellow; to roar as
wind in the top of a pine, or as water
falling at a distance in a shower; to
estuate; to murmur.

fopa, n., a roaring; a roar; a rapid; rap-
ids; a sound; fopa hosh mintit ala cha.
Acts 2: 2.

fopachi, v. t., to cause to roar.

fota, ady., perhaps.

fotoha, n., a bore; a turn; a grinding;
motion of a mill.

fotoha, v. a. i., torun, asa mill; to grind;
to move, as a grindstone,

fotoha, pp., etc., ground; bored; ta™sh
fotoha, ground corn, or corn meal.

fotokachi, vy. a.i., to shake asa scythe
when not tightly fastened to the snath;
fotokahanchi, pro. form.

fotoli, v. t., v. a. i., to grind; to wind;
to bore; to mill; to turn; isht fotoli, to
bore with; ishé fotolit tumbli, v. t., to
mill.

fotoli, n., a borer; one who bores; a
miller; a grinder; a turner.

Sl eee

BYINGTON ]

fotoli, n., a turn.

fotukfunli, fohukfunli, vy. a. i., to be
out of breath; to pant hard like a run-
ning horse.

fuka, see foka.

fuli, n., a switch; a rod; a twig; aslip; a
sprig; a wattle; a wand.

fuli atoba, a., wicker, made of a switch.

fuli isht fama, pp., switched; whipped
with a switch.

fuli isht fama, n., a switching; a whip-
ping with a switch.

fuli isht fammiy, v. t., toswitch; tostrike
with a small twig or rod.

fuli isht fammi,n., a whipper; one who
whips with a switch.

fuli kaua, n., broken twigs; a name ap-
plied to the broken sticks or small split
pieces of cane made use of in notifying
of any public meeting. They are made
and sent by the headmen to others
at the time when the appointment is
made, and one is thrown away every
morning, and on the last morning the
last is thrown away, and at night the
assembly takes place.

fulli, v. t., to gouge; to pick out; to take
out; nishkin fulli, to gouge or to pick out
the eye; foeli, pro. form.

fullichi, v. t. caus., to cause to gouge or
to pick out the eye of another.

fullokachi, afolokachiz, v. a. i. pl., to wan-
der; Josh. 14: 10, to rove; to keep movy-
ing about; to shuffle; to go round; to
circle; to sinuate; folota, sing; fulloka-
hanchi, freq., to move round, as a horse
in a mill; to roam; to wander; fulloka-
hanchi, a., serpentine.

fullokachi,n., a rover; ashuffler; fulloka-
hanchi, n., a roamer; a trollop.

fullokachi, pp., taken round.

fullokachi, n. pl., circuits; rounds.

fullokachit anumpuli, vy. t., to ramble
in speaking.

fullokachit a®ya, v. t., to ramble; to
rove about.

fullota, see folota.

fullottokachi, y. a. i. sing., to part; to
move suddenly, as if by a twitch.

fullottokachi, n., a start.

fulomoli, a., devious; crooked.

fulomoli, y. n., to be devious,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 127

fulumi; in asht itafulumit yakni yamma ita-
nowa chatukon, sermon: Duties to chil-
dren, page 13.

fulup, n., the shoulder down as far as
the elbow.

fulup foni, n., the shoulder bone.

fulush, n., a clam (a shell).

fulush hakshup, n., a clamshell.

fulush isht impa, n., a shell spoon.

h, an aspirate, at the end of words after a
vowel, to indicate a verb or an assertion,
etc.; see o”, a, i.—Note: I think it is the
verb to be; siah, I am, etc. (Byington).

ha is used before tok and tuk and their
compounds, in some sense as a definite
article, to make definite the action;
hatok, hatuk, it was; as, sabannahatok,
that which I want, it was; the want I
have; atyalihatok okat, Luke 4: 48;
ammihahetuk ash, the, Luke 15: 12;
ushi atok, Luke 3: 23; kilik hatak atok,
Acts 16, 1.

ha, ady., time or times, used after ordi-
nals; atuklaha, second time; twice;
hituchinaha, three times, thrice; hayak
on, after that, 2 Sam. 24:10; Acts 1: 3;
hayokmato, John 21: 18; haya, Matt. 5:
32; 12: 29; a, ha, or ya is considered as
alocative of time, as in acheki, abilia, atuk,
achin, ete.

ha, ady., after verbs, meaning after or be-
fore next; minti ha, after he comes;
ibbak achifa hayor keyukmat, if they
had not first washed their hands
(hands wash after it is so, if not) they
do not eat, Mark 7: 3: alla ateha akosh
tinkba kaiya ha yor, Mark 7: 27; pima ha-
ma, after, when he has given us, Josh.
Gan Wee eI Se

ha®, a definite particle, in the obj. case,
used after verbs, etc.; subj. case, hat,
the which; the one which; tamaha han,
town it, or town the, Matt. 2: 1; ishia
han, are you the one that goes? ha” is
found after verbs and verbal nouns,
derived from verbs more frequently
than a” or ya”, that which, but holisso
han, issuba han, imanukfila han, chula
han, areexceptions. This h may bethe
aspirate of the verb, which in speaking
is carried over, like idohia, spoken ilo
hia. See a, particle,

128 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

ha®, ahath (q. v.), adv., no; not so; a
word of denial; ha” keyu, no, it is not
So.

habali, v. a. i., to tassel, as corn; tanchi
at habali; habanli, nasal form.

habali, n., a tassel; tanchi habah, a young
corn tassel. ;

habali, pp., tasseled.

habalichi, vy. t., to cause to tassel.

habani, a., being ready to tassel.

habani, v. n., to be ready to tassel.

habefa, pp. sing., a., dented; habefoa, pl.

habefa, n. sing., a dent; habefoa, pl.,
dents.

habefoli, v. t. pl., to make dents.

habena, v. t., to receive a favor gratui-
tously; to receive a present; to receive,
Matt. 10: 8; to obtain a favor, applied
to receiving money or goods as an an-
nuity; habena sabanna, I wish for afavor.
It differs a little from asilhha, to beg, be-
ing alittle more honorable in its mean-
ing.

habena, n., a present; a gift; an annuity
received; a boon.

habena, pp., received as a present; ob-
tained as a present; presented.

habenachi, v. t., to make a gift; to make
a present; to present; to give, Matt. 6: 2;
to do alms, Acts 10: 2.

habenachi, na habenachi, n., a bene-
factor.

habenachi, n., a gift; a boon; a bribe, 1
Sam. 8: 3.

habenat a®ya, habint aya, v. a.i., to
go in quest of a favor.

habenat a®ya, habint a®ya, n., one that
goes to seek gifts; a beggar, but not in
the worst sense; one that solicits char-
ity.

habiffi, v. t. sing., to dent.

habiffi, n., one that dents.

habifkachi, pp. pl., dented.

habifkachi, n., dents.

habifli, v. t. pl., to dent.

habitshak, n., a large grasshopper.

habishko, habishko (q. y.), v. a. i., to
sneeze.

habli, n., a treader; a kicker.

habli, n., a tread; a step; the space passed
by the foot in walking or running; a
pace; the space between the two feet in
walking; a kick,

[BULL. 46

habli, vy. a. i. sing., to tread; to step; to
stamp; to kick; to foot; isht habli, v. t.,
to kick; to spurn; to trample; to winch,
1 Sam. 2: 29.

hablichi, vy. t., hatichi, pl., to cause him
to tread on it.

habofa, y. a. i., to cease; to subside; to
abate, as a swelling; to go down.

habofa, pp., abated; subsided; gone
down; shatali at habofa, the swelling
has abated.

habofa, n., abatement.

habofachi, to disrupt; to scatter a
swelling.

haboffi, y. t., to reduce; to abate; to
diminish; to remove; to cause a swell-
ing to abate.

haboh, pl., habofa, sing., v. a. i., to cease;
to subside; to go down.

haboli, n. pl., abatement of swellings, ete.

haboli, pp. pl., abated; subs‘ded.

habolichi, v. t. pl., to cause swellings to
abate; to remove swellings; to scatter
them.

hacha, ady., perhaps; how? what? in re-
lation to something that was not looked
for, 1 Sam. 20: 18; John 1: 50; chiyimmi
hacha? ishachi hacha, do you say then,
Mark 5: 31.

hachi®, will; shall, Josh. 1: 6.

ha®chi, see hanahchi.

hacho, a., a Creek word meaning ‘‘mad.’’
It is found only as part of the war
names of men, viz., Tashka hacho,
Hopaii hacho (David Folsom), Ishtana-
ki hacho (Mr. Dyer’s grandfather) , and
has an honorable meaning among
Choctaw.

hachofaktapi, n., the chinquapin tree.

hachofakti, n., a chinquapin; the dwarf
chestnut.

hacho"malhmokki, y. a. i., to swim
with the face under water.

hachotakni, n., a large turtle, called
by some the loggerhead turtle; a tor-
toise; hachotakni hakshup, turtle shell.

hachotakni okhata a®sha, n., a sea
turtle.

hachowanashi, y. a. i.
heels over head.

hachowanashi, n., a somerset.

hachowanashi, advy., head first; head-
long.

sing., to fall

————————

BYINGTON ]

hachowanashichi, v. t. sing., to throw
another heels over head.

hachowani, vy. a. i. pl., to fall heels over
head.

hachowani, n., a somerset performed
by a number of persons, or a number
of times by the same man; somersets.

hachowanichi, y. t., to throw others
heels over head.

hachukbila"kbila, chukbila"kbila,
chukkilakbila (q. v.), chukanakbila,
n., name of a bird, the whip-poor-will.

hachukbilhka, y. a. i. pl., to kneel; to
couch.

hachukbilhkachi, vy. t. pl., to kneel; to
make them kneel.

hachukbitepa, y. a. 1. sing., to kneel;
to fall on the knees; to bend the knee,
Matt. 17: 14.

hachukopilepa, n., a kneeler; hachuk-
bilhka, pl.

hachukkashaha, n., sorrel; name of a
weed; see pichi or pihchi.

hachuktampulechi, v. t., to spin, as a
spider; to make a web.

hachuklampulechi, n., a spinner; a
spider which spins.

hachuklampuli, chuktampulli (q. v.),
n., a cobweb; a spider’s web; an air
thread.

hachukpalantak, chukpalantak, n., a
tree toad.

hachumbilhka, y. a. i.
Mattiv27929:

hachunchuba, n., an alligator.

hachunchuba, a., being without hair,
as an elephant.

hachunchuba, pp., deprived of hair.

hachunchubachi, y. t., to deprive of
hair; to cause to be without hair.

hafakbi, n., a dent.

hah, ha, ady., perhaps; likely; shilup on
episaa ha, perhaps we saw a spirit.

hahchabah, n., a footlog for a bridge;
see achaba.

hahe, uksak hahe, n., a walnut.

hahe api, n., a walnut tree.

hahka, hakka, hakha, vy. a. i., to loll;
to pant from fatigue or from heat or
from overexertion; wak at hahka, the
cow lolls; ofi at hahka, the dog lolls;
akatka yathahka; fakitat hahka; akatka
yat hahka the hen lols.

84839° —Bull, 46-—15——_9

pl., to kneel,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

129

hahka, y. t., to loll; to thrust out, as the
tongue.

hahkachi, v. t., to cause to loll.

hahta, hahwash (Sixtowns word), n.
an adder.

hahwa, see hawa.

hahwash, see hawash.

haiaka, vy. a. i., to appear, Matt. 1: 20;
to come out; to occur; to peep; toshow;
to transpire; haiaka hinla, a., osten-
sible.

haiaka, pp., exhibited; presented; un-
dissembled; unequivocal; unfolded;
manifested; made manifest, John 1: 31;
appeared, Matt. 2:7; found, Luke
15: 32; discovered; developed; divulged;
elucidated; exposed; illustrated; mani-
fested; revealed; haiatka, nasal form;
ikhaiako, neg. form, not found; unde-
tected; ithaiaka, pp., undeceived.

haiaka, n., appearance; an opening; an
open place, Josh. 3: 4; an exposure;
nakedness; ostentation; apeep;ikhaiako,
n., a secret; something not known, or
not made known.

haiaka, a., visible; in sight; that may be
seen; audible; plain; conspicuous; dis-
cernible; evident; expressed; frank;
full; legible; lucid; manifest; naked;
notorious; obvious; open; ostensible;
overt; palpable; perspicuous; prom-
inent; undissembling. ikhaiak o, a.,
latent; secret; shadowy; unexposed;
unfound; unpublished; vague.

haiaka, ady., abroad; out; haiaka pinusi,
clearly; legibly.

haiakachechi, v. t., to simplify; to make
plain.

haiakachi, haiakechi, v. t., to cause to
appear; to make known; to publish;
to show, Josh. 5:6; Luke 4: 5; to mani-
fest, John 2:11; to develop; to disclose;
to discover; to divulge; to elucidate; to
exhibit; to expose; to illustrate; to in-
dicate; to manifest; to present; to rep-
resent; to reveal; to solve; to tell; to
unfold; to unmask; to unravel; haiak-
aiyachi, pro. form; ilehaiakachi, to make
himself known, Gen. 45: 1; 1 Sam. 3:21;
imhaiakachi, v. t., to undeceive; to show
it to him; ishilehaiakachi, show thyself,
Matt. 8: 4.

haiakachi, n., one that manifests; an
ex poser,

’

130

haiakat, ady., openly; clearly; mani-
festly; plainly; simply. This and
other adverbs ending with ¢ precede
verbs, as haiakat anoli, haiakat hikia.

haiakat anoli, v. t., to unbosom; to tell
plainly or openly.

Haiaketabi, a man’s name, derivation
uncertain.

haieli, y. t., to scuffle; towa ya” itimhaieli,
to scuffle against each other for the ball.

haieli, n., a scuftler.

haiemo, a., miry; soft, as mud when
filled with water.

haiemo, v. n., to be miry.

haiemuchi, vy. t., to make it miry.

haili, v. a. i., to get away from him ina
scufle, as towa ya ithaili, to snatch
away.

haiochi, see haiuchi.

haiochichechi,y.t., totear, Luke 9: 39, 42.

haiochichi, see haiuchichi.

haioli, hioli, v. a. i. pl., to stand up, and
sometimes /ieli, pl., to stand up erect.

haioli, pp., set; placed erect; made to
stand up.

haiolti, n., standers; those who stand.

haiolichi, vy. t. pl., to set up; to cause
to stand; to erect.

haiolichi, n., one that sets up; an erecter.

haiombish, n., the navel string; the
placenta.

haiowani, see haiyowani.

haiuchi, haiochi, n., a fil; a convulsion;
the fits which are incident to hydro-
phobia; epilepsy; pp., convulsed.

haiuchi, haiochi, vy. a. i., to shake; to
convulse, Matt. 17: 15.

haiuchichi, haiochechi, haiochichi, v.
t., to cause a shaking with fits; to shake
with fits; to convulse.

haiuchichi, n., a fit; a spasm; hydro-
phobia.

haiyantalali, biuntalali, bisuntalali,
aiuntalali, iuntalali, n., a dewberry,
or running blackberry.

haiyichichi, n., a fit; spasms.

haiyi"hchi, haiyi®kchi, n., the kidney
or kidneys; the reins.

haiyi"hchi hotupa, n., pain in the kid-
neys; inflammation of the kidneys.

haiyi"hchi nia, n., suet; the fat about
the kidneys.

haiyi“hchi nipi, n., the kidney meat.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

haiyi"ko, haiyinto, n., soft mud; mire,
whether in a swamp, plowed land, or
elsewhere.

haiyi®ko, a., miry; mellow.

haiyitko, y. n., to be miry.

haiyitko, v. a. i., to mellow.

haiyitko, pp., made miry.

haiyi"kuchi, v. t., to make haiyitko,
mire or soft mud; to mellow.

haiyip, n., a pond; a lake; a puddle.

haiyip ikbi, v. t., to pond; to make a
pond.

haiyowani, haiowani, n., a worm called
the cutworm.

haiyu®kpulo, n., a weed; an _ herb,
Matt. 13: 32; a plant; a tare, Matt.
13: 25, 26; a vegetable; herbage; a
hollyhock; thoroughwort; any weed
for which there is no particular name
is called by this general name.

haiyu"kpulo awatalli, n., a saucepan.

haiyu"kpulo holokchi, n., a plant; a
planted herb.

haiyu2kpulo ilhpak, n., sauce; vege-
table food. :

haiyu"kpulo ishkot hoita, n., a vege-
table emetic, such as ipecacuanha.

haiyu"kpulo nihi, n., the seed of plants.

haiyu"kpulo nihi aialhto, n., the cap-
sule.

haiyu2kpulo nihi hakshup, n.,
capsule or pod for the seed.

haiyu"kpulo pakanli humma, n., a
pink; a weed with a red blossom, par-
ticularly the Carolina pink.

haiyup, n., a twin; twins.

haiyup atta, a., twin born; born at the
same birth.

hak, the, and itscompounds. See ak, ete.;
but as the compounds of the two differ
in some instances, it is best to insert
those of hak here at length, that neces-
sary comments may be made regarding
such particles as require them, having
in mind also the different senses of
the same word after different parts of
speech. Compounds: haka—hakano—
hakat or hakat — hakato or hakato —ha-
kbano — hakbano, advy., that only—
hakcho — hakbanot — hakbat — hak cho?
a form of inquiry used in anger—hakhe,
etc., probably not used—hakin—hakinli,
adv., also; likewise—hakinlt a, pro-

the

BYINGTON ]

noun, meaning self—hakint—hakkia—
hakma, probably not used —hako, a
particle — hakocha— hakoka— hakokano
—hakokat — hakokato —hakoke — hako-
kia—hakona—hakosh—hakot.

hakbona, a., moldy; ta%sh hakbona,moldy
corn.

hakbona, v. n., to be moldy.

hakbona, n., mold.

hakbonachi, y. t., to mold; to cause
mold.

hakchalhpi, akchalhpi, n., the coarse
outer bark of a tree.

hakchalhpi shila, n., ross; dry outside
bark.

hakchihpo, n., driftwood.

hakchipilhko, see hakchupilhko.

hakchulhkapi, see hakchupilhko api.

hakchuma, hakchumak, n., tobacco.

hakchuma ashutka, hakchuma
shutka, n., a pipe; a tobacco pipe; a
calumet.

hakchuma alhfoa, n., a roll of tobacco
bound up with bark.

hakchuma bota, n., snuff.

hakchuma bota aialhto, n., a snuff
box.

hakchuma hishi, n., a tobacco leaf.

hakchuma holba, n., mullein; resem-
bling tobacco.

hakchuma i®shu®shi, n.,
worl.

hakchuma palaska, n., a brand of to-
bacco.

hakchuma shana, hakchumak shana,
n., a twist of tobacco; a cigar.

hakchuma shutka, y. t., to smoke to-
bacco.

hakchuma shuti, n., an earthen tobacco
pipe; a tobacco pipe of any kind; a cal-
umet; the pipe used among the aborig-
inals of America.

hakchupilhko, hakchipilhko, akchu-
pilhko, hakchupilhkash, n., dog-
wood.

hakchupilhko ani, n., dogwood berries.

hakchupilhko api, hakchupilhkapi,
hakchulhkapi, n., the dogwood tree.

hakha, hahka, hakka, v. a.i., to loll.

hatkha, n., a wild goose.

Hatkhaiola, n., place where the goose
cries; the name of a creek,

a tobacco

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

131

ha"khobak, ha®khoba, n., a large, wild
water duck called a mallard, resem-
bling a wild goose.

haklo, y. a.i., to hear; to listen; to assent;
to comply; to yield; to attend; to
hearken; to heed; to mark; to mind;
to notice; to receive; Josh. 5: 1;
Matts 7224-213 sIbs 6s ab: LOM 176s
ikhaklo, not to hear; to dissent; to
grudge; to refuse; to abnegate; to deny;
to decline; to object; ikhaklo, a., deaf;
listless; hanklo, nasal form, Matt. 5: 27;
hahanrklo, freq., Josh. 2: 10; haiyaklo,
prolonged form; ilehaklo, to hear him-
self; John 3: 20 [?]; to listen to himself;
ilahaklo, to hear of himself, what is
said of him; nana hash havklo ka, things
which ye hear, Matt. 18:17, 48; haiyaklo,
intensive form, Matt. 2:17, 18; 12: 19.

haklo, n., a hearer; a listener.

haklo, a., mindful; ikhaklo, a., mindless;
deaf; reluctant; unheard; unwilling.

haklo, n., a hearing; heed; ikhaklo, n.,
a refusal; tardiness.

haklochi, v. t., to cause to hear; to make
to hear; to inform; to notify; to signify;
haklonchi, nasal form; haklohonchi, freq. ,
made to hear; sahaklohonchi tok, made
me to hear, John 15: 15.

haklochi, n., one that makes others hear;
an informant.

haklotokosh anoli, n., an ear witness;
he who heard it told.

haktopish, haktobish, n., ross, as itt
haktopish, the ross of a tree; chaff; bran;

- shorts; fish scales; scales, Acts 9: 18.

hakmo, akmo, v.a.i., to congeal; to cool;
to harden, as tallow when it cools.

hakmo, pp., a., congealed; hardened;
cooled; cast; run; molded, as in a fur-
nace.

hakmo, n., congelation.

hakmuchi, vy. t., to cool; to cause to
harden; to congeal; to found; to cast.

hakmuchi, n., a caster; a founder.

haknip, aknip, n., the body, trunk,
chest, or frame; the thorax, Matt. 5: 29;
6: 22; 14: 12; siaknip, my body.

haknip achukma, n., health.

haknip achukma, a., healthy; healthful.

haknip bano, a., naked; nothing but the
body.

132

haknip foni, n., the thorax; the bones
of the trunk or chest.

haknip ikbi, v. t., to embody; to make
a body.

haknip iksho, n., bodiless; incorporeal;
without a body; disembodied.

haknip illi, pp., a., palsied.

haknip illi abi, n., the palsy.

haknip illichi, v. t., to palsy.

haknip inla, n., a monster; a strange
body; another body.

haknip kota, n., feebleness; a feeble
body.

haknip toba, n., incarnation.

haknip toba, a., incarnate.

hakonlo, n., name of a weed.

haksa hinla, a., fallible; capable of doing
wrong; knavish.

haksi, a., deaf; drunk; tippled; intoxi-
cated; inebriated; boozy; besotted;
cunning; wicked; vile; stubborn; obsti-
nate; abominable; arrant; bewitched;
felonious; roguish; drunken; sinful;
deceitful; disguised; double faced; evil;
flagitious; fraudulent; fuddled; groggy;
guileful; guilty; hollow; immoral; im-
pure; insidious; lascivious; lewd; li-
centious; mellow; naughty; profligate;
roguish; saucy; subtle; tipsy; tur-
bulent; unfair; unprincipled; unruly;
venal; vicious; villainous; wanton;
wicked; wily; nashuka haksi, applied
to an old man.

haksi, pass., seduced; stunned; swin-
dled; deceived; cheated; cozened; de-
frauded; deluded; duped; fooled; gulled;
muddled; overreached; ilehaksi, self
deceived; ilehaiyaksi, Matt. 13: 22;
imhaksi, pp., tricked, or he is tricked.

haksi, y. n., to be vile, deaf, drunk,
sinful, ete.

haksi, v. a. i., to act vilely, as ishhaksi,
you act wickedly; to inebriate; to get
drunk; to wanton.

haksi, n., drunkenness; deafness; deceit;
deception; guile; a gull; hollowness;
inebriation; inebriety; intoxication;
lewdness; roguery; a shift; a sleight.

haksi, adv., rascally.

haksi chohmi, a., boozy; partly drunk;
merry with liquor.

haksi keyu, a., guileless; guiltless; not
haksi,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

haksicha hinla, a., fallible; liable to be
deceived.

haksichi, v. t., to beguile, Josh. 9: 22; to
cheat; to deceive; to bewitch; to bilk;
to impose upon; to mislead; to over-
reach; to delude; to befool; to abuse;
to cajole; to coax; to surprise; to make
drunk; to get drunk; to intoxicate; to
cozen; to bribe; tolead astray; to deafen;
to debauch; to decoy; to defraud; to
delude; to disguise; to dishonor; to
dupe; to fascinate; to fool; to fuddle; to
gull; to inebriate; to juggle; to lure; to
muddle; tooverreach; to palm; to reach;
to reduce; to sharp; to sponge; to stun;
to swindle; to tantalize; to trick; isht
haksichi, v. t., to cheat with; to bribe;
ilehaksichi, to deceive himself, Gal. 6:3;
haksinchi, nasal form, haksihinchi, freq.,
v. t.

haksichi, n., a cheater; a deceiver; a
rogue; a villain; a rascal; a cheat; a
cozener; adefrauder; adeluder; adou-

ble dealer; a juggler; a seducer; a
sharper; a swindler.

haksichi, n., chicane; a fallacy; a fraud;
an intrigue; knavery; a lure; a strata-
gem; atrick; treachery, 2 Kings, 9: 23.

haksichi shahi, a., tricky; knavish.

haksiepi, see haksipi.

haksinchi, a., unexpected.

haksinchit, ady., by surprise; or it may
be rendered as a verb transitive with a
consonant, as to cheat, etc.; haksinchit
anta, he deceives and stays.

haksinchit abi, v. t., to assassinate.

haksinchit abi, n., an assassin.

haksint, contracted from haksinchit,
ady., unexpectedly; by surprise; sud-
denly; haksint ala, to arrive unexpect-
edly.

haksint ala, y. a. 1., to arrive unex-
pectedly.

haksint ishi, vy. t., to take by surprise;
to surprise.

haksint ishi, n., a surprise.

haksipi, haksiepi, n., rascality.

haksit illi, a., dead drunk.

haksit okpulot taha, pp., debauched.

haksobachi, see haksubachi.

haksobish, n., an ear; the skirts, as of a
saddle; ears, Matt. 13: 9, 15, 16,43; Luke
4; 21,

BYINGTON ]

haksobish anli, n., a large flying insect,
called by some a mosquito hawk or
spindle. [Perhaps really haksobish
nulii-H. 8. H.]
haksobish awiachi, n., an earring.
haksobish almo, n. pl., cropped-ears.
haksobish almo, a., cropped-eared.
haksobish basha, n., a marked ear; a
cut ear; a cropped ear; an ear mark.
haksobish bashli, v. t., to ear mark; to
cut the ears; to mark the ears.
haksobish cha®sa, n., a sharp sound in
the ear.
haksobish chiluk, n., the hole of the ear.
haksobish chuta, n., slit ears.
haksobish chutafa, n., a slit ear.
haksobish chutali, n. pl., slit ears.
haksobish hokofa, n., a cropped ear; an
ear cut off.
haksobish hokolh, n. pl., cropped-ears.
haksobish hokolhi, a., cropped-eared.
haksobish hotupa, n., the earache.
haksobish ibakchufanli, n., a foxed
ear; an ear cut in the shape of a fox’s
ear.
haksobish ibakchufa®shli, n. pl.,foxed
ears.

haksobish iksho, a., earless; without
ears.

haksobish itakchulali, n. sing., a forked
ear.

haksobish itakchula®shli, n. pl., forked
ears.

haksobish litilli, n., the wax of the ear;
ear wax.

haksobish takali, n., an ear ring; a
pendant; jewelry; a jewel.

haksobish takalikbi, n., a jeweler; one
who makes pendants.

haksobish takoh, n. pl., pendants; ear-
rings.

haksobish tapa, n., a cropped ear.

haksobish taptua, n. pl., cropped ears.

haksobish walobi, n., the lobe; the
lower and soft part of the ear.

haksuba, a., harsh; deafening.

haksuba, pp., stunned with noise; con-
fused; deafened.

haksuba, n., confusion.

haksubachi, haksobachi, y. t., to con-
fuse; tostun with noise; to deafen; to
deafen with noise.

haksulba, a., simple; foolish; somewhat
deat.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

1338

haksulba, y. n., to be simple, foolish,
somewhat deaf.

haksulba, n., foolishness; folly; deaf-
ness.

haksulbachi, vy. t., to deafen; to make
somewhat deaf.

haksun, n., a priming pan.

haksun aionchiya, n., the priming pan.

haksun chiluk, n., the vent of firearms;
the touchhole.

haksun chiluk isht shinli, n., the prim-
ing wire.

haksun hishi, n., the earlock.

haksun oncheli, v. t., to prime.

haksun onchiya, pp., primed.

haksun tapaiyi, n., the temple; the part
where the head slopes from the top.

haksun tapaiyi hishi, n., the earlock.

hakshish, akshish, n., the veins; sinews;
arteries; cords; root, Matt. 13: 6, 21.

hakshish chito,n , anartery; a big vein;
a large cord.

hakshup, n., skin; hide; shell; pod;
comb; bark; scales; bur; husk; crust;
rind; chaff of grain; integument; coat;
cuticle; a film; a hull; apeel; peelings;
the scarfskin; a tegument.

hakshup akuchichi, v. t., to shell.

hakshup a¥sha, a., scaled.

hakshup fachowa, n., scales of a fish,
Deut. 14: 9.

hakshup hish a®sha, n., a pelt; a raw-
hide; the skin of a beast with the hair
on it.

hakshup ikbi, v. t., to crust; to makea
crust; to incrust.

hakshup laua, a., scaly.

hakshup lufa, n., a paring.

hakshup lufa, n. pl., parings.

hakshup tabli, v. t., to circumcise;
hakshup taptuli, v. t. pl., Josh., 5: 2, 3,
Div ienes

hakshup tapa, pp., circumcised.

hakshup tapa, n., circumcision, or hay-
ing circumcision.

hakshup taptua, pp. pl., circumcised,
Josh. 5: 5, 7.

hakshup toba, y. a. i., to produce pods;
to form, as skin; to pod.

hakta, akta (q. v.), therefore; because.

haktampi, n., the armpit, and the spot
or place just behind the forelegs of ani-
mals, on the chest.

134 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

halabushli, v. i., to begin to ripen, as
corn, as alaknat ia, to turn yellow.

halaia, ahalaia, y. n., to feel an interest
in; to be interested in.

halaiya, a., interested, concerned.

halaiya, n., interest; concern.

halakli, halalli, v. t. sing. (see halalli),
to hold once; to jerk by seizing; see
shalakli, kannakli, chiksanakli.

halalua, y. a. i., to be smooth.

halalu®kachi, v. a. i., to shine.

halalu®kachi, a., bright.

halalu®kachi, n., brightness.

halalukachi, pp., made bright.

halalu®lichi, y. t., to brighten; to make
bright.

halali, hallah, v. t. pl., to hold; to draw;
to touse; to twitch; to jerk; to work a
pump handle; halalli, sing (q. v.).

halatli, v. a. i., to have the nerves affected.

halah, a., nervous.

halal, n. pl., a drawing; an affection of
the nerves; a jerk; a twitch.

halal, n., a jerker.

halatichi, y. t. caus., to employ others
to draw; to make them draw; to cause
the nerves to be affected; itahalatichi,
to make them draw together.

halambia, n., a scorpion.

halambisha, n., a bat.

halampa, hallampa (q. v.), n., a ring-
worm; a tetter.

halanchila™wa, n., a lizard.

halanchila"wa chito, n., a horned frog.

halanli, n., a hold; a restraint; a stay;
see halalli.

halanli, n., a holder.

halat, hallat, ady., a contraction from
halalli.

halat akkachi, vy. t., to pull down; to
pull and down it.

halat isht a®ya, hallat isht a®ya, v. t.,
to tow; to draw and take along; to tug.

halat kuchi, v. t., to pull out.

halata, v. a.i., to abate; to subside; to
assuage; to remit.

halata, pp., assuaged; abated; oka fa-
lama chito yokat halatatokoke, the waters
of the deluge abated.

halata kallo, a., headstrong.

halatali, v. t., to assuage; to abate.

halatat taha, a., low; entirely abated;
gone down.

halalli, v. a. i., to draw.

[BULL. 46

halalli, n., a drawer; a holder; a hauler;
an occupier; a puller; a supporter; an
upholder.

halalli, a., tenacious.

halalli, halakli, v. t. sing., to keep; to
occupy; to own; to preserve; to pull,
Matt. 5: 29; to support; to treat; to tug;
to cleave to; to draw, Matt. 13: 48; to
hold; tosustain; to uphold; to lead; to
conduct; to haul; to cling to; to drag;
to grapple; to hale; to hand; to have;
to jerk; to withhold; to catch, Matt.
14: 31; itihalalli, to draw together; to
cleave together; to join; itihalalli, to
draw against each other; to pull against
each other; itihalalli, pp., joined in
marriage; halanli, to bear up, Luke 4:
11; to be holding: to hang or to hold
on; to restrain; to retain; to stay; to
steady: to suffer; pit halanli, to hold
to, Matt. 6: 24.

halalli, n., adraw; a gripe; a haul; a pull;
a support; a tug.

halallichi, v. t., to make him draw; iti-
halallichi, to cause them to unite or
embrace, as in wedlock; to marry; to
join; ohoyo itihalallichi (or itahalallicht),
to marry him to a woman.

halappa, see halupa.

halasbi, halusbi, a., slippery; glib;
smooth; shining; halalua and halalu"ka-
chi, pl.

halasbi, v. n., to be slippery.

halasbichi, halusbichi, to make slip-
pery; to glib; to lubricate.

halatkachi, v. a. i. pl., to abate; halata,
sing.

halatkachi, pp., assuaged; abated.

halatkachi, n., the state of being as-
suaged or abated.

hale! or alleh!, exclamation of children,
uttered in time of distress.

haleli, v. t., to touch, but not with the
hands; to affect with disease; sahaleli,
it affects me, or I am affected with; to
catch, as a disease.

haleli, n., a contagion.

halelili, v. t., to have caught; to graze.

halluts, see haluns.

haloka n., son-in-law; father-in-law; an
appellation proper only for those who
sustain this marriage relation, and not
even used by others in speaking of
them; a man who sustains the relation

BYINGTON ]

of uncle calls his niece’s husband ha-
loka, and the latter calls this uncle
haloka in return.

haloka, a., sacred; beloved; dear.

halonlabi, halunlahbi, halunlawi, n., the
largest kind of bullfrog. [The word is
to be found in Halunlawa®sha, ‘‘Bull-
frogs are there,’’? or, more concisely,
“Bullfrog place,’’ the name of a village
which stood on the site of the present
Philadelphia, Neshoba County, Missis-

sippi, and is recorded on Bernard Ro- .

mans’ map of 1775 as Alloon Loan-
shaw.—H. 8. H.]

halupa, haluppa, halappa, a., sharp;
acute; keen; fine; piked; poignant;
rough; rude; rugged; shrill; ckhalupo,
a., dull; not sharp; obtuse.

halupa, v. n., to be sharp, acute, keen.

halupa, pp., sharpened; filed, as a saw;
pointed; whetted.

halupa, n., sharpness; keenness; edge;
an edge tool; point; roughness; tanap
aryaima halupa, armor, 1 Kings, 10: 25.

halupa, adv., sharply.

halupa tuklo, a., double-edged; two-
edged.

halupoa, v. n. pl., to be sharp.

halupoa, a., sharp; keen; acute.

halupoa, pp. pl., sharpened.

haluppa, see halupa.

haluppachi, vy. t. sing., to sharpen; to
edge; to file a saw to sharpen it; to
point; to tip; to whet.

haluppachi, n., a whetter.

haluppalli, y. t. pl., to sharpen.

haluts, yaluts, hallu®s, n., the leech;

"a bloodsucker.

halu¥s chito, n., the horse leech.

halusbi, see halasbi.

halusbichi, see halasbichi.

halussi, see holussi.

halushki, n., lubricity; sleekness.

halushki, a., smooth; sleek; glib.

halushki, vy. n., to be smooth; to be
sleek or glib.

halushki, pp., smoothed; sleeked; lubri-
cated; planed.

halushkichi, y. t., to make it smooth or
sleek; to plane; to glib; to sleek; iti-
basha ya” halushkichi, to plane a plank;
to make smooth the sawed wood.

hata, n., name of a serpent.

hatan, n., a large blackbird.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

135

hah; in alla nakni siahatili, 1am a boy;
perhaps it should be afili, from which
comes ahnili.

[hamintini, n., the june-bug.—H. 8. H.]

hamo, adv.; in imaiithana aleha hamo,
John 4: 8; see amo and yamo.

hanahchi, ha®chi, y. a. i., to hop on
foot.

hanahchi, n., a hopper; a hop.

hanaiya, a., triangular; three cornered;
nantapaski hanaiya, a three-cornered
handkerchief.

hanaiya, n., a triangle; the shape made
by splitting a square handkerchief
diagonally.

_hanaiyachi, v. t., to make a triangle.

hanali, n., a limb of the body, or a
quarter; one limb of a quadruped with
the adjoining parts; a member; hanali
okpulo, lame, Matt. 15: 30; halt, Matt.
18: 8.

hanalushta, n., the four limbs; the four
quarters of any animal.

hanaweli, v. t., to double a handker-
chief diagonally, tie it over one shoul-
der, and around the body under the
other arm, and wear it.

hanaweli, n., one who wears a hand-
kerchief thus.

hanannu®ki, y. n., to be dizzy.

hananukichi, y. t., causative, to cause
dizziness.

hanchi, vy. t., to shell, as to shell off the
outer shell of hickory nuts.

hanla, ha®ya, pp., shelled.

hanlichi, vy. t., to shell or shuck hick-
ory nuts.

hannali, hannali, n., six; 6; VI; the
number six.

hannali, a., six.

hannali, yv. n., to be six; hannali hoke,
there are six; see below.

hannali, v. a. i., to make six; as ehan-
nali, we make 6; hannalashke, Josh. 6: 3.

hannalichi, vy. caus., to make six; han-
nalet abelih, I killed off six, or took six
and killed; lichi is contracted to let.

hano, part., as for the; antishu hano,
Matta t2 7. 18:

hanta, a., nas. form, from hata (q. v.),
pale; white; bright; clear; ripe, as
grain ready for the harvest, John 4: 35;
wan; peaceable; anumpa hanta, Matt.
4: 23.

136

hanta, v. n., to be pale, white, bright,
clear, wan.

hanta, n., wanness; righteousness; peace.

hantachi, v. t., to make white, clear,
bright.

hap, n., a harp, 1 Kings 10: 12.

hapalak, n., a weevil; an insect which
destroys ripe grain in the crib.

haponaklo, y. a. i., to listen; to attend;
to give attention; to lend an ear, Josh.
1: 17; to give ear; to hear; to hearken;
to hark, Matt. 11:5; 17:5; isht haponaklo,
to hear with, Matt. 13: 9, 43; 18: 15,
16: ikhaponaklo, neg. sing., not to hear;
ikhaponaklo, a., deaf; surd, Matt. 11: 5;
halhpanaklo, pp., to be heard.

haponaklo, n., a hearer; an auditor; a
hearkener; a listener; sahaponaklo, my
hearer (distinguish between this word
and aponaklo, to inquire of).

haponaklo, n., a hearing; an audience.

haponaklo achukma, a., heedful.

haponaklochi, v. t., to cause to hear or
attend.

hapukbo, n., down; the fine soft feath-
ers of fowls.

hapullo, n., the seat of a man; the rump
or the protuberant part behind; the
buttocks.

hasimbish, n., the tail; a skirt.

hasimbish fali, vy. t., to whisk; to flirt
the tail.

hasimbish foka, n., a crupper.

hasimbish hishi, n., the hair of the tail.

hasimbish humma, hasimbichomak,
n., a large red-tailed hawk.

hasimbish tapa, n., a cropped tail; a
bobtail; a short tail; a dock.

hasimbish tapa, v. n., to be bobtailed;
to have the hair cut short.

hasun, n., a bug that lives on the surface
of water.

hash, renewed mention particle and its
compounds; thesaid; the same; see ash
and its compounds. The meaning of
hash is nearly the same as ash, but as
it occurs in a different connection, and
chiefly for euphony’s sake, I shall enter
the word separately. Usually hash fol-
lows verbs, ash and yash nouns. nan
imaiithana ateha hash, his disciples,
Matt. 16: 20. hashke, let it be, Matt. 17:
4; see ashke. Compounds: hashano—
hashato — hashin — hashinli— hashkia—

BUREAU

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hasho, the said, John 4: 42—hashocha,
obj. case—hashoka, obj. case—hashoka-
kon—hashokakocha—hashokakosh—hash-
okano—hashokat—hashokato —hashoke—
hashokia—hashona—hashosh, the said,
John 4: 33; Luke 6: 2; ohoyo hashosh,
Josh. 2: 4; nan imarithana ateha hashosh,
the disciples—hashot, the; the said,
John 4: 11, 25, 40.

hashaya, see hashaya.

hashitka, n., a pallet made of bearskin
or buffalo skin.

hashi"ko, n., name of a plant, the leaves
good for food mixed with ta”fula (In-
dian hominy).

hashintak, see shalintak.

hashonti, v. a. i., to be puny, like liposhi;
hashontichi, caus. form.

hat, ady., in akostininchili
alhpesa.

hatachi, v. a.i., to ripen; to grow white;
takkon at hatachi, the peaches ripen.

hatachi, a., ripe; white.

hatachi, n., ripeness.

hata®fo, n., hail; a hailstone, Josh. 10:
inl

hatafo, v. a. i., to hail.

hata®fochi, v. t., to cause it to hail.

hatafottula, v. a. i., to hail; to fall, as
hail.

hatak, see atak.

hatak, hatak, n., a man; Matt. 9: 2;
18: 12; a person; a husband (hatak at
ikimiksho, she has no husband); a being
in some senses, but not in all; a
human being; mankind; folk; folks;
a mortal; mortals; a subject; an in-
habitant; Kenan hatak, Matt. 10: 4; a
red man; a native; an Indian, being
used to distinguish the red men from
the whites; hatak at ikbi, a red man
made it; hatak a”, a man, Matt. 15: 11.
This word implies nationality; a man-
of the nation to which the speaker or
the hearer belongs. hatak inkoi, an In-
dian mile; na hollo imkoi, an English
mile. Kalili hatak, an inhabitant of
Gallilee. hatakis a Jew with Jews, see
Luke 10: 30; ithatak, n., a husband; a
consort; a lord; her lord; her man.

hatak abeka, n., a patient; a sick man.

hatak achafa, n., one man; an individ-
ual.

hatak afoha, n., a tavern.

hat, ahni

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY

hatak ahalaia, a., personal; pertaining
to a man.

hatak aholopi, n., a graveyard; a bury-
ing ground; acemetery; a tomb; a sep-
ulcher; a place of burial; a catacomb;
a churchyard.

hatak aianumpuli, n., a council ground;
a place where men talk.

hatak aianumpuli chuka, n., a council
house.

hatak aiattahe keyu, a., uninhabitable.

hatak aiyimita, n., a zealot.

hatak anuksita, n., a gallows.

hatak anuksiteli, n., the hangman.

hatak anuksiteli, v. t., to hang a man
there or on.

hatak anuksitkachi, n. pl., the gallows.

hatak anumpa isht atya, n., an ex-
press; a messenger.

hatak anumponli, n., aspeaker; a coun-
cilor; a counselor.

hatak anumpuli, n., a talking man; a
pleader; hatak ikanumpolo, a mute; a
dumb man.

hatak asahnonchi, hatak asonunchi,
n. sing., an elderly man; a presbyter;
hatak asahnonchika, pl., elderly men;
elders.

hatak ashosh, the men, hatak ashosh
okla nuktakancha, they marvelled, Matt.
8227.

hatak awaya, n., a married man; mar-
ried by a woman, i. e., she has married
him.

hatak abi, v. t., to murder; hatak binka
abi is the usual expression, to kill a fel-
low-man.

hatak abi, hatak bi@ka abi, n., a mur-
derer; a man slayer; a homicide; a man
killer; see Rev. 21: 8.

hatak abi, n., murder; manslaughter.

hatak abi, a., tragical; murderous.

hatak abi, pp., murdered.

hatak abit tali, v. t., to murder or kill
all the men.

hatak abit tal, n., a murderer of men;
aman killer.

hatak afikommi, n., a barefaced man;
an impudent man.

hatak alhpesa, n., a gentleman; a fair
man; a moral man.

hatak alhtoka, n.,a committee man; a
man that has some appointment; a com-

OF THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 137
missioner; a delegation; a deputation;
a legation; an official man; an officer.

hatak apa, n., a cannibal; an anthro-
pophagite; a man eater.

hatak api humma, n., a red man; a
man of ared trunk or stalk; an Indian;
a native of America; aborigines of
America; aboriginals of America.

hatak api humma i2?mi®ko, hatak api
humma miko, n., a sachem; a saga-
more; a mi®ko or mingo.

hatak api humma inchuka, n., a wig-
wam; an Indian cabin.

hatak at, n., aman, Matt. 9: 9.

hatak baleli, n., a runaway.

hatak baska, n., a gambler; a gamester.

hatak bitka abi, n., murders, Matt. 15:
119!

hatak chakapa, n., a blackguard.

hatak cha®shpo, n., the ancients; an
ancient man.

hatak chafa, n., a runaway.

hatak chilita, n., a blade; a bold, for-
ward man.

hatak chito, n., a giant; a great man.

hatak chitokaka, n., a great man; a
ruler; a lord; a noble; hatak hochito-
kaka, pl., the great men; rulers and
magnates.

hatak chuka achafa, n., a family; a
household; a house; men of one house.

hatak chu"kash apa, n., animalculie
from which musquitoes grow, called by
some wiggle tails.

hatak chu"kash kallo, n.,
hearted man.

hatak chunna, n., a bare bones; a very
lean person; a skeleton.

hatak fappo, hatak fappo, n., a magi-
cian; a conjurer; a soothsayer (Ba-
laam), Josh. 13: 22.

hatak fappoli, n., a magician, Gen. 41:8.

hatak haiaka keyu, n., a recluse; a her-
mit.

hatak haksi, n., a bad man; a rogue; a
villain; a caitiff; a rascal; a scoundrel;
the wicked, Matt. 13: 49; 16: 4; a man
given to crimes of any kind; a drunken
man; a culprit; a debauchee; an evil
doer; an evil worker; a knave; a profli-
igate.

hatak haksi atapa, n., a ruffian.

hatak haksi okpulo, n., a renegade.

a hard-

138

hatak haksichi, n., an impostor; a
sharper; a cheat.

hatak halalli, n., the old-fashioned man-
ager of funerals, who picked the bones
of thedead and buried them and pulled
up the red poles at graves.

hatak hikia puta, n., all men; all men
in general; all standing men.

hatak hilechi, v. t., to man; to set men;
to place men; to furnish with men.

hatak himaka, n., the moderns.

hatak himmita, n., a young man; a
chap; a lad; a shaver; aswain; a youth.

hatak himmitaiyachi, n., a young man.

hatak himmitacheka, pl., young men.

hatak himmithoa, pl., young men.

hatak himona ohoyo itauaya, n., a
groom.

hatak hobachi, n., an effigy.

hatak hobak, n., a poltroon; a coward;
lit., acastrated man; a castrato.

hatak hochitoka, n. pl., the great
men; senators; rulers; lords; elders,
Mark 11: 27.

hatak hochitoka itanaha, n., a sen-
ate; the council of great men; elders,
Matt. 16: 21.

hatak hofahya, n., a shamed man; a
guilty man.

hatak hofahya iksho, hatak hofah-
yiksho, n., a barefaced man; a shame-
less man.

hatak holba, n., an image or shape of a
man; a picture of a man; the resem-
blance of a man; a statue.

hatak holba isht washoha, n., a pup-
pet; an image of a man for a toy.

hatak holhkunna, n., a witch;a wizard;
a dreamer; a necromancer.

hatak holhpa, pp., nettled.

hatak holhpa, n., a stinging worm; a
nettle; one kind of caterpillar.

hatak holhpalii, v. t., to nettle.

hatak holhpalli, n., a caterpillar whose
hairs are poisonous.

hatak holhpalli holba, n., a caterpillar
resembling the one above named.

hatak holhtina, n., a census of the in-
habitants; men numbered.

hatak holissochi, n., a scribe; a secre-
tary; a writer.

hatak holissochi imponna, n., a pen-
man; a skillful writer.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hatak holitompa, n., anobleman, John
4: 46; a rich man; a gentleman.

hatak holitopa, n., a gentleman; a
respected man; a beloved man; a rich
man; a worthy man.

hatak holitopa banna, n., an ambitious
man. .

hatak hopi, n., a funeral; a burial; an
interment.

hatak hopoksia, n., a wise man.

hatak hopoyuksa, n., a wise man; the
magi, Matt. 2:1; a sage; hatak hopoyuksa
yosh, a wise man, Matt. 7: 24; hatak
ikhopoyukso yosh, a foolish man, Matt.
U3 740%.

hatak hotina, n., a capitation.

hatak hu®kupa, v. t., to kidnap.

hatak hu"kupa, n., a thief; a kidnaper;
a man-stealer.

hatak hu"kupa peni fokat a®ya, n., a
privateer.

hatak hullo, n., a priest; the name also
of one of the officers of government in
ancient times; a saered man (almost
obsolete).

hatak hulloka, n., an enclianter.

hatak ithaklo, v. a. i., to listen toa
man, i.e., to aseducer; to commit adul-
tery (by awoman); n., a fornication.

hatak ithaklo, n., an adulteress; a forni-
catress; a man listener.

hatak ithaklo, n., adultery, as commit-
ted by a woman.

Hatak itholahta, n., name of one of the
great Choctaw families, the laws of
which affect marriages, one of which is
that any person may not marry another
belonging to the same family.

hatak i? kana, n., humanity; kindness to
men.

hatak itkana achukma,n.,a hospitable
man.

hatak i2kanohmi, n., a relation; kin-
dred; a man’s relations.

hatak ikhana, hatak ithana, n., an ac-
quaintance; a friend; lit., a known
man.

hatak ikhananchi,n., a tutor; a teacher.

hatak iksitopo, n., a cripple.

hatak ilakshema shali, n., a spark; a
blade; a fop; a coxcomb.

hatak ilawata, n., a brag; a bragga-
docio; a boaster.

hatak ilbasha, n., a poor man,

BYINGTON ]

hatak ilbasha inla anukcheto, n., a
pauper.

hatak illi, n., a dead man; a corpse; a
corse; relics; remains.

hatak illi achopa, hatak illi chopa,
n., the hunters for a funeral or pole-
pulling who furnish venison, etc., for
the company on that occasion.

hatak illi aiasha, n., tombs, Matt. 8: 28.

hatak illi ashali, n., a hearse.

hatak illi asholi, n., a bier.

hatak illi foni aiasha, n., an ossuary; a
charnel house.

hatak illi isht afoli, n., a shroud.

hatak illi isht afoli, v. t., to shroud.

hatak illi isht anumpa, n., an obituary.

hatak illi shilombish aiasha, n., the
place of departed spirits, sometimes
identified with hell.

hatak illichi, y. t., to murder; to cause
death.

hatak illichi, n., a murderer.

hatak imabachi, n., a teacher; an 1n-
structor.

hatak imanukfila, n., the mind of man;
the understanding of man; the thoughts
of man.

hatak imanukfila achukma, n., a man
of good mind, or good affections.

hatak imanukfila apissanli achuk-
ma, n., a candid man.

hatak imanukfila a"sha, n., a man of
mind.

hatak imanukfila holitopa, n., a saint;
a holy-minded man.

hatak imanukfila ikkallo, a., feeble-
minded.

hatak imanukfila iksho, n., a block-
head; a fool; a dunce.

hatak imanukfila shanaioa [or sha-
naia—H.S8. H.], n., a capricious man.

hatak imanukfila tu"shpa, n., a wit;
a ready-minded man.

hatak i2mi®ko, n., an undertaker; the
manager of a funeral, or for the disposal
of the dead, as practiced in former
times. He presided over the ceremo-
nies, especially at the feast.

hatak i7moma, n., a dwarf; a pigmy.

hatak impashah, n., an epicure.

hatak imponna, n., a proficient; a
learned man.

hatak inla, n., a stranger; a foreigner;
another man, Matt. 17: 25, 26.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

139

hatak inlaua, n., polyandry on the part
of the woman; lit., having many men.

hatak intakobi, n., a sluggard; a lazy
man; an idler.

hatak inti"kba, n., an ancestor; his an-
cestors (and by his mother’s side, or of
her family; but see hatak tinkba).

hatak i2_nukkilli, n., a man hater.

hatak isikopa, n., an epicure; a glutton,
Miartts lilieie

hatak isht ahalaia, a., human; pertain-
ing to man or mankind.

hatak isht ahollo, n., a wizard.

hatak isht atia, n., the human race;
generation of man; the human species.

hatak isht atia, a., descended from
man; belonging to the human race.

hatak isht atia, y. n., to be descended
from man.

hatak isht afekommi, n., a prig.

hatak isht ilawata, hatak nan isht
illawata, n., a braggadocio; a brag; a
braggart.

hatak isht unchololi, n., the descend-
ants of man; progeny.

hatak itahoba, n., an assembly of men;
a collection; a gathering; a congrega-
tion of men.

hatak itakhapuli shah, n., a_ hector;
a rioter; a rowdy.

hatak itachowachi, n., a peacebreaker;
a breeder of dispute or quarrels.

hatak itanaha, n., an assembly of men;
a collection; a congregation; a multi-
tude; a convention; a council.

hatak itanaha petichika, n., a mod-
erator.

hatak ithana, see hatak ikhana.

hatak ititkana, n.,
friends.

hatak iti?miko, n. pl., the managers of
a funeral or pole pulling.

hatak iti2nanaiyachi, n., a peacemaker.

hatak itishali, n., a boxer; a man who
carries a club.

hatak kamassa, n., a strong man; a firm
man.

hatak kamassalleka, n. pl., aged men;
men advanced in years.

hatak kamassalli, n., an aged man; a
firm man.

hatak kanomona (from hatak kanohmi
ona), N., a crew; a gang; a number of
men,

friends; mutual

140 BUREAU

hatak kauasha, n., a man somewhat past
middle age and low in stature.

hatak kauashachi, n., approaching old
age; being past middle age.

hatak kania, n., an exile; a straggler.

hatak keyu, n., no man; a worthless
man.

hatak kostini, n., a wise man; a sensible
man; a civil man; a moral man.

hatak lakna, n., a yellow man; a mu-
latto.

hatak laua; n., a crowd; a multitude.

hatak laua itanaha, n., a mob; a mass.

hatak laua yahapa shaii, n., a rout.

hatak lauat a®ya, n., a caravan; amul-
titude of travelers.

hatak litiha okpulo, n., a sloven; a
dirty man.

hatak luma, n., arecluse; a silent man.

hatak lumbo, n., an individual; one
man.

hatak lusa, n., a black man; a black
moor; a negro.

hatak lusa haui, n., a wench; a black
woman who is a strumpet.

hatak lusaiklanna,n., a mulatto; a half
black man.

hatak lusa isht atiaka, n., a zambo; a
descendant of an African.

hatak lusa i?yakni, n., Africa; the land
of negroes.

hatak lusa i"yannash, n., an elephant
or African buffalo.

hatak lusa i?yannash noti isht itibbi,
n., ivory; the tusk of an elephant; lit.,
the fighting tooth of an African buffalo.

hatak lusa lakna, n., a mulatto; a yel-
low negro.

hatak lusa nipi humma, n., a mulatto.

hatak lusa ohoyo, n., a black woman;
a negress.

hatak lusa ushi, n., a zambo; a son of
an African.

hatak makali, n., a groveler; a scrub;
a wretch.

hatak moma, n., the world; all man-
kind.

hatak moma okchalinchi, n., the sav-
ior of the world, or of all men.

hatak na pilesa, n., a laborer; a work-
ingman; a hireling.

hatak nakni, n., a male (opposite to the
female, who is hatak ohoyo); aman; a
brave man.

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hatak nan achefa, n., a launderer; a
laundryman.

hatak nan anoli, n., an informer; a
newsman; a notifier; a tale bearer.

hatak nan apesa, hatak nana apesa,
n., a committee; a court; a senator; a
judge.

hatak nan apistikeli alhtuka, n., a
trustee.

hatak nan chumpa, n., a merchant
man, Matt. 13: 45.

hatak nan i“holitopa, n., an avaricious
man; a hard-fisted man; a hunks; a
serimp.

hatak nan i“hollo, n., a niggard; a miser.

hatak nan ikhana, n., a doctor, i. e.,
one qualified to teach.

hatak nan ikithano, n., a savage; a
heathen; an ignorant man.

hatak nan inlaua, n., arich man; aman
of wealth or property.

hatak nan ithana, n., a learned man;
a man of learning or knowledge; a
statesman.

hatak nan ithana ilahobbi, n., a pe-
dant.

hatak nan olabechi, n., a hinderer; a
peacemaker; a mediator.

hatak nana yoshoba isht nukha®klo,
n., a penitent man; a penitent.

hatak nanumachi, hatak nanuman-
chi, v. t., to backbite; to defame.

hatak nanumachi, n., a backbiter; a
defamer.

hatak nanumachi shali, n., a great
backbiter.

hatak nipi achukma,a., hale; healthy;
n., a healthy man.

hatak nipi tohbi, n., a white man; the
white man.

hatak nipi tohbika, n. pl., white men;
the whites.

hatak nowat a®ya, n., a pilgrim; a way-
farer; a traveler; a lodger.

hatak nukoa shali, n., a churl; a hot-
brained man; a hotspur; a madcap.

hatak nuksiteli, n., a death man; a
hangman; an executioner.

hatak nusilhha shah, n., a blunder-
head; a booby; asleepy fellow; a dunce.

hatak ohoyo, n., a woman; a female.

hatak ohoyo ikimiksho, n., a bachelor;
a single man; an unmarried man.

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY OF THE

hatak okishko, n., a sot; a bibber; a
tippler; a drinker.

hatak okishko atapa, a., intemperate;
drunken.

hatak okishko shah, n., a hard drinker;
a great drunkard; a bacchanalian.

hatak okla, n., humanity; mankind.

hatak okpulo, n.,a monster; a profligate;
a wretch.

hatak ona, n., manhood.

hatak osapa to"ksali,n., a farmer; a
planter; an agriculturist.

hatak owatta, n., a huntsman.

hatak palammi, n., a potentate.

hatak pa™sh amo, n., a barber.

hatak pa®shi, n., man’s hair; a scalp.

hatak pa®ya, n., a crier.

hatak petichi, n., a ruler; a headman;
a leader; a leading man.

hatak petichika, n. pl., rulers; head-
men; grandees.

hatak peni isht a®ya, n., a pilot.

hatak pishukchikanchi, n.,a milkman;
a dairy man.

hatak puta holhtina, n., a census of all
the people; the number of the men.

hatak sipokni, n., a graybeard; an old
man; an elder.

hatak shaui, n., an ape, | Kings 10: 22;
a monkey.

hatak shema shali,n.,a fop; a cox-
comb; a dandy; a man _ excessively
fond of dress.

hatak takchi, n., a constable; a sheriff;
“Ca man tier.”’

hatak tasembo, n., an insane person; a
lunatic; a maniac; a rake.

hatak tasembo aiasha, n.,a madhouse;
a lunatic asylum.

hatak tamaha petlichi, n., a mayor.

hatak tanap a®ya, n., men of war, Josh.
Gaawear=

hatak tekchi imantia, a., henpecked;
n., a henpecked husband.

hatak titkba, n.,a man’s uncles; a fore-
father; elders, Matt. 15: 2; antinkba, my
living uncles.

hatak ti"kba, n., an ancestor or anteces-
sor; an ancient; the ancients; antiquity.

hatak titkba ahha, n., all antiquity.

hatak toba, n., manhood.

hatak totksali, n., a laborer; a hire-
ling; a working man; a workman, Matt.
10: 10,

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 141

Hatak Ushi, n., the Son of Man; Jesus
Christ, John 3: 18, 14; Matt. 8: 20;
Hatak Ushi okato, the Son of Man; Hatak
Ushi yat, Matt. 10: 23; Hatak Ushi at,
Matt. 18: 11.

hatak wishakchi, n., the tip end men;
remnants of men; the last, or least
among men.

hatak yahapa laua, n., a rabble.

hatak yopisa, n., a spectator; a looker-
on.

hatak yopula, n., a jester; a joker; a
humorist; a wag.

hatak yopula shah, n., a great joker;
one addicted to joking.

hatak yoshoba, n., a lost man; a man
who has wandered out of the way; a
fallen man; a sinful man; a sinner; a
malefactor; a wretch.

hatak yoshubli, n., a snail.

hatak yuka, n., a bondman; a prisoner;
a captive.

hatak yuka atoksali, n., a penitentiary;
a state prison, where prisoners labor.

hatak yuka keyu, n., a freeman.

hatak yukpali, n., a man pleaser.

hatak yushpakama, n., a bewitched
man.

hatak yushpakammi, y. t., to bewitch
a person.

hatak yushpakammi, n., a witch; a
bewitcher ; ikhitsh isht yushpakammi,
Rey. 21: 8.

hataktipush, n., a hen hawk.

hatakwa, a., like wood beginning to rot.

hatambish, n., the navel; the navel
string; the umbilicus; see haiombish.

hatapofokchi, hatapofukchi, ibafak-
chi, hatabafakchi. n., a prairie hawk.

hatapushik, hashtapushik, hatapa-
shi, hatapushik, hashtampushik,
n., a butterfly.

hataffo, n., a grasshopper.

hato, hatoh, adv. of certainty. See
toshke. Wekehato? heavy indeed, when
not thought to be so; chi banna hato?
hatoh chikeh, hachi moma hato? are ye
also yet? Matt. 15: 16. kahato, old
style of kaheto.—N. Graham.

hato"falaha, n., an eschalot; an onion;
a leek; a scullion; shachuna is a name
in use among the Sixtowns Choctaw
for an onion,

142 BUREAU

hato®falaha chito, n., an onion; a large
onion or eschalot.

hatok, hatuk, hattok, sign of the re-
mote past tense, with ha prefixed.
See ha and atok. These words pertain to
the grammar as ‘‘ particles;”’ cf. Matt.

. 13:13; anryali hatuk keyu, Iam not come,
Matt. 9: 13; atok, Matt. 9: 13—Com-
pounds: hatoka—hatokako —hatokako-
cha—hatokakona —hatokakosh; hatoka-
kot —hatokano— hatokato—hatokat—ha-
tokato— hatokinli—hatokkia—hatokma—
hatukma; nan isht alhpisa hetukma, the
parable, Matt. 13: 18—hatokmako, ha-
tukmakon, the sake of, Matt. 16: 25—
hatokmakocha— hatokmakona—hatokma-
kosh — hatokmakot — hatokmano — hatok-
mat—hatokmato—hatukon, for, Matt. 14:
4—hatokocha—hatokoka; hatukoka, be-
cause, Matt. 14: 5—hatokokano — ha-
lokokat — hatokokato—hatokoke— hatoko-
kia—hatokona—hatokosh; hatukosh in
hohchafo hatukosh, Matt. 12: 1; hatukosh,
for, Matt. 13: 44—hatokot; iknatokahato
expresses a wish as well as certainty;
as, he will not fail to be wounded.

hatokbi, a., pale; whitish.

hatokbi, y. n., to be pale; hatak nashu-
ka yat hatokbi, the man’s face is pale.

hatokbichi, vy. t., to make pale; to bleach
or whiten.

hatombalaha, hatomalaha, n., a beech;
a beech tree.

hatombalaha ani, n., a beech nut.

hatomma, see hatwma.

haton lakna, a., brown colored.

haton lakna, y. n., to be brown col-
ored.

haton lakna, n., brown color.

haton laknachi, v. t., to color brown;
to brown.

hatonchi, y. a. i., to jump; to leap, as a
man or a hobbled horse; hatak at ha-
tonchi, the man jumps.

hatonchi, n., a jumper; a leaper.

hatonli, nasal form pl. of hatulli (q. v.);
to jump.

hatonli, n., a jumper.

hatosh, atosh, yatosh, the compound
particle made of at and osh, a strong
contradistinctive of the simple definite
a; alat osh ansha,

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hatosh, ady., not; not so; said when a
person corrects his own statements;
similar to chikimba.

hatoshba, atoshba, yatoshba, adv.,
can not; never can. JSolisso han (Book
it) pisali (see 1) keyu kat (not who) itha-
nala (learn I) hatoshba (never can); issa-
manoli (thou me tell) keyukma (if not)
ithanala (learn I) hatoshba (never can).

hatoshke, adv., truly, John 4: 19[?]; cer-
tainly; spoken as an inference from
facts which took place without the
knowledge of the speaker; see toshke
and hato.

hattaui, v. a. i., to prance.

hattauichi, yv. t., to cause to prance.

hattauichi, v. a. i., to ride ostentatiously.

hattauichi, n., a prancer.

hatuk, hattuk, see atuk and hatok, Matt.
4: 24; those which were; those which
had been, implying continued state of,
or condition in; the immediate past
tense; with the particles a, ha, ya, did;
was; has; had; has been; had been;
chinchuka ialihatuk, | was on my way to
your house; hatuk, have, Matt. 2: 2;
sabannahatuk, | have wanted and want
now; imatyalihatok keyu, | came not to
them, past tense completed. Com-
pounds: hatukan, the; intishu hatuk a”,
who sustained the relation of servant
to Moses, and although Moses was dead,
retained the name; had been and was
the servant of Moses, Josh. 1: 1.—
hatukakov— hatukakocha—hatukakoka—
hatukakokat—hatukakona—hatukakosh—
hatukakot — hatukano — hatukato — ha-
tukat; intishu hatukat, Matt. 8: 13—ha-
tukato— hatukinli—hatukkia — hatukma,
Matt. 7: 24—hatukmakon, for the sake
of, Matt. 18: 5—hatukmakocha—hatuk-
makona — hatukmakosh— hatukmakot —
hatukmano—hatukmat; uwmnba hatukmat,
the rain, Matt. 7: 25, 27; ha, which;
tuk, was andis; mat, also, t, con.in nom.
case; antishu hatukmat, Matt. 8: 8—ha-
tukmato—hatukon, by reason of, Josh. 9:
18—hatukocha—hatukoka—hatukokakon,
ilappat hatak katiohmi hatukokako”, what
manner of man is this? Matt. 8: 27—
hatukokano — hatukokat, for; because,
Matt. 13: 5, 6; Josh. 1: 3; tali paknaka

BYINGTON |

yor qaiitabana hatukokat, rock on there
‘founded for, Matt. 7: 25—hatukokato—
hatukoke—hatukokia— hatukona—hatuk-
osh—hatukot.

hatukchaya, see hatukchaya.

hatuko, adv., not (see atuko); hina (road)
yat (the) aiyamba (well chosen) hatukon
(not) atyalahe keyu (go along I can not).

hatukosh, ady., not; nahullo sia nanta
hatukosh, as 1 am not a white man.

hatulli, vy. a. i. pl., to jump, as a hob-
bled horse; to canter; hatonli, nasal
form, jumping; isuba hat hatonli.

hatulli, n., a jumper.

hatullichi, y. t., to cause to jump; to
canter.

hatuma, hotuma, hatomma, advy., evi-
dently; Mashkoki ishittibitokon? Na ka-
tihmi hatomma,; akbokitok.

hatush, see atush.

hauachikchik, n., name of one kind of
grasshopper.

hauatsa, hopatsa, y. a. i., to champ;
to chew; to chaw.

hauashko, hauwashko, a., sour; acid;
tart; acetous; frowsy; hard; rancid.

hauashko, y. n., to be sour.

hauashko, v. a. i., to prick; to become
acid; to quail, i. e., to curdle, as milk.

hauashko, n., sourness.

hauashko, pp., soured.

hauashko chohmi, a., subacid.

hauashkochi, v. t., to sour; to make
anything sour; to turn sour, etc.

haui, vy. t., to act the harlot; applied to
females not to men, though in the New
Testament this word is used in the
masculine gender.

haui, n., a harlot; a whore; a strumpet;
a fornicatress; an adulteress, Matt. 5:
32; Rey. 21: 8.

haui, n., lewdness; whoredom; ahawi,
whoredom; 2 Kings 9: 22.

haui, a., lewd; lascivious; given to lewd-
ness, as an abandoned female; wanton;
adulterous, Matt. 12: 39; 16: 4.

haui, v. n., to be lewd (a female).

haui anukfoyuka, a., wanton; given to
lewdness.

haui ikbi, vy. t., to debauch.

haui ikbi, n., a whoremaster.

haui itimalhpisa, v. t., to commit adul-
tery, Luke 16: 18 old translation,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

1438

haui pelichit nowa, y. t., to act the
whoremonger; to pander.

haui toba, v. a. i.. to become a harlot;
to prostitute one’s self or herself.

haui toba, n., fornication, Matt. 15: 19.

haui tobat nowa, y. a. i., to act the
harlot.

hauk, huk, exclamation, oh, dear; alas;
aman says hauk when a woman says
aiehna,

hauwashko, hauwashkochi, see hau-
ashko above.

hawa, hahwa, y. a.i., to gape; to yawn.

hawa, n., a gaper.

ha®wa, n., a locust; the small kind of
locust; washa is the large kind.

hawachi, vy. t., to cause to gape.

hawash, hahwash, n., an adder.

haya, ady. of time, after. The particles
are suffixed to it. The final syllable
ya is changed in some respects for
sound’s sake, when some of the particles
are suffixed; ha is the true word; ya,
yat, yosh, and yo are art. pronouns.
In Matt. 1:12 we have ha after ya”, the;
also ef. hayokmakosh, Luke 6: 42; ha-
yashke, Matt. 17: 9.

hatya, pp., shelled or shucked, as hick-
ory nuts.

habishko, n., a sneeze.

habishko, habishko y. a. i1., to sneeze.

habishkuchi, v. t., to make one sneeze.

habishkuchi, n., snuff; maccaboy.

hacha, n., a river; the name of Pearl
River.

hachi, hach, per. pro., n. case of neuter,
and passive verbs, 2 per. plu., you; ye
or you; hachinusi, you are asleep;
hachilli, ye die; hachinukshopa na, Luke
2:10; hachitalakchi, you are tied; ha-
chiachukma, you are good, Matt. 5: 48.

hachi, hach, per. pro., in the obj. case
before active trans. verbs, meaning
‘“you;’’ hachianoli, Matt. 15: 7; hachi-
pisali, I see you; hachipitsa chit ka;
Matt. 6:1; hachikhanali, | know you;
hachikanimachi, to despise or slight
you; Matt. 5: 44, hachilbashachi, to per-
secute you, Matt. 5: 44.

hachi, hach, pos. pro. prefixed to nouns
which are the names of the body and
its members or personal qualities; your;
hachinushkobo, your heads; hachinish-

144 BUREAU
kin, your eyes, Matt. 13; 16; hachibbak,
your hands; hachitekchi, your wives,
Josh. 1: 14.

hachi®, pos. pro. prefixed to nouns
which do not begin with a vowel or
with p, ch, 1, t, meaning your, as ha-
chitholisso, your books; hachinki, your
father; hachin nan alhpoa, your cattle,
Josh. 1: 14; see hachim, hachin, chin, ete.

hachi®, per. pro., in the dative case, pre-
fixed to verbs, and usually translated
with a preposition, as, of you, to you,
from you, for you, and the like. This
form of pronoun for the sake of sound
precedes the same letters as described
above; hachithullo, Matt. 5: 46; hachin-
nukkilli, Matt. 5: 44.

hachia, per. pro., 2d per. plu., ye or you;
na hollo hachiahoke, Matt. 5: 18, 14, 46;
see chia; hachiama, Matt. 12: 34; ye,
Matt. 15: 7; 16: 3; hachia hokato, ye,
Josh. 1:14; hachia kat, Matt. 12: 34.

hachik, n., a small bag; a satchel, such
as are made by the Choctaw women.

hachik, 2d per. pl., neg. form, ye or you;
hachikminto, ye do not come; hachik
chohmokashke, Matt. 6: 2; hachikaya-
mihchokashke, Matt. 6: 1.

hachim, prefix ed, pos. pro., 2d per. pl.
in the obj. case before nouns beginning,
with a vowel, as hachimisuba, your,
horses; hachimathtoba, n., your reward,
Matt. 6: 1; hachimalla, your little ones
Josh. 1: 14. See hachir, hachin.

hachim, prefixed, per. pro., 2d per. pl., in
the dative case, before verbs beginning
with a vowel and to be rendered with
aprep., as, of you, for you, to you, from
you, and the like, hachimanoli, hachim-
anumpuli, hachimachilishke, Matt. 5: 20;
hachimathtoba, Matt. 5: 46; hachimanuk-
fillit, Matt. 5: 44. In Matt. 7: 2; ha-
chishnomat and hachim stand in apposi-
tion; one is considered to be in the
nominative and the other in the dative
case.

hachim, nom. case before some neuter
verbs beginning with a vowel, as hachim
okpulo, you are angry, or there is evil
in you. See chim.

hachimmi, adj. pro., your.

hachimmi, vy. n., to be your.

hachimmi toba, v. a. i., to become your,

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 46

hachin, pre. per. pro., 2d per. pl., in the
nom. case before nouns beginning with
ch, |, and t, as hachinchuka, your houses;
hachintanap, Matt. 5: 44; but hachin-
miha, command you, Josh. 1: 138. See
hachir, hachim.

hachin, pre. per. pro., 2d per. pl., in
the dative case before verbs beginning
with ch, 1, and ¢, and is usually ren-
dered with a prep., as, of you, for you,
from you, to you, and the like.

hachin, pre. pro., your, found before
some verbs when not before the noun
in the nom. case, as tanchi at hachintaha
instead of hachintanchi at taha.

hachishno, pro. pl., ye or you; hachishno
an, Matt. 7: 1; hachishnoma, you also;
hachishnomat, ye also.

hachishno, obj. case, you, Matt. 5: 46;
11: 21; hachishno ashor, you; hachishno
ashon hachiokpani, rend you, Matt. 7: 6;
hachishno akint, yourselves; your own;
hachishno akinli, yourselves; your own;
hachishno yoka, a., your; hachishno
yokat, your; hachishno yokato, Matt. 13:
1

hachishno, pos. pro., yours; your.

hafikbi, v. a. i., to sink, as land.

halapoli, v. a. i., to lap over; nitak iton-
halapoli; see walapolih.

halba, n., aglow worm; a lightning bug;
the matter discharged from sore eyes.

Halbamo, n., Alabama.

Halbamo okhina, n., the Alabama River.

halbatsha iksho, n., ill nature; ill will;
see halhpansha iksho.

halbabi, v. n., from halba and abi, to have
sore eyes, as halba sabi, I have sore
eyes.

halbabi, n., sore eyes.

halbina, n., a present; a donation; a gift;
a gratuity; na halbina, a present, 1
Kings 10: 25.

halbina, pp., presented; given as a pres-
ent.

halhpa®sha, v. n., to be amiable, peace-
able, kind, ete., Gen. 33: 10.

halhpa%sha, n., peace; kindness.

halhpatsha, a., amiable; peaceable;
kind; peaceful.

halhpa®sha iksho, halba"sha iksho, a.,
unkind; cruel; ill natured,

BYINGTON ]

halhpa®shi, ady., peaceably, Gen. 37: 4;
v. a. i., to be pleased, Gen. 33: 10.

hallati, see halati.

hallampa, halampa, n., a ringworm; a
tetter; herpes.

hallampabi, v. n., to have a ringworm or
tetter.

halwa, n., a soft-shelled turtle. —

hata, pp. pl., kicked; trodden.

hahi, vy. t. pl., to kick; to tread; to step;
to stamp, to trample; habli, sing.

hah, n., treaders; steps.

halichi, v. t., to cause to tread on; to
trample; isht ahalichi, Matt. 7: 6.

hama, pp., rubbed; stroked.

hammi, v. t., to rub gently with the
hand; to stroke.

hammi, n., a stroker.

hammoli, y.t.; in anumpa alhpisa ya hatak
okat kobahafitokoka (or okat) achukmalit
hammotit imantia cha, alhtobat illi tok cha.

hanawia, n., suspenders.

hanan, hannan, n., a bird called a small
eagle, or a hawk; a swift bird of prey.

hannali, see hannali.

hannanuki, y. i., to turn round; to be
giddy.

hannaweli; hanaweli, n., one strap of
a suspender; a handkerchief hung over
the shoulders like a sword belt; a sling
by which to carry things.

hannaweli, v. t., to carry, as a gun,
with a sling that comes over the breast
and under one arm, the gun being be-
hind.

hapi, n., salt, Matt. 5: 13.

hapi, a., salt.

hapi, v. n., to be salt.

hapi, hap, per. pro. we, nom. case, Ist
per., social pl. of neuter verbs, as hapi-
nusi, we sleep, i. e., we all sleep; hapi-
tavkla, all with us, Matt. 13: 56.

hapi, hap, per. pro. we, nom. case, Ist
per., social pl. of passive verbs, as hepi-
talakchi, we are bound, i. e., we are all
bound.

hapi, per. pro. us, ob. case, Ist per., social
pl., before active transitive verbs, as
hapipesa, he sees us, i. e., all of us;
hapiakaiya, to follow us, Matt. 15: 23.

hapi, hap, pos. pro. our, in the nom.
case, prefixed to nouns which are the
names of the body and its members,
as hapichunkash, our hearts.

84339°—Bull. 46-—-15——_10

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

145

hapi aialhto, n., a saltcellar; a salt-bin,
basin, ete.

hapi aiikbi, n., a salt-work.

hapi atoba, n., a saline; a salt-work.

hapi champuli, n., sugar.

hapi champuli aialhto, n., asugar bowl,
barrel, box, ete.

hapi champuli api, n., sugar cane.

hapi champuli okchi, n., molasses; the
sirup of sugar.

hapi champuli tohbi, n., white sugar,
called loaf and lump sugar.

hapi champuli yammi, pp., sweetened
with sugar.

hapi champuli yammichi, y. t., to
sweeten with sugar; to sugar.

hapi holba, n., salts; resembling salt;
saline.

hapi kanchi, n., a salter.

hapi kapassa, n., saltpeter; niter.

hapi kali, kali hapi oka, n., a salt
spring; a saline.

hapi lakchi, n., coarse salt; alum salt;
hominy salt.

hapi lakchi chito, hapi lakchi hochito,
n., rock salt.

hapi oka, n., salt water.

hapi okchi, n., brine.

hapi okhata, n., salt sea, Josh. 3: 16.

hapi pushi, n., fine or blown salt.

hapi yammi, pp., salted; seasoned with
salt; hapi ikyammo,a., fresh; not salted;
unsalted; unseasoned.

hapi yammichi, v. t., to salt; to corn.

hapi yammichi, n., a salter.

hapi®, pre. pos. pro., our, prefixed to
nouns that do not begin with a vowel
or with p, ch, l, t.; hapi®holisso, our
book, or our books.

hapi®, per. pro., us, Ist per. pl. in the dat.
case before verbs, and usually trans-
lated with a prep., as of us, to us, for
us, from us. This word is found writ-
ten hapi before the same sounds as the
above.

hapi®, 1st per. pl. social, our; the pro. is
removed from the noun in the nom.
and placed before the verb, as nakni
tashka hapi*hotina, he has counted our
warriors.

hapia, per. pro. nom. case, we, as hatak
api humma hapia hoke, we are all red
men,

146 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

hapim, pre. pos. pro., our, Ist per. social
pl., prefixed to nouns which begin with
a vowel and sometimes p, as hapim-
isuba, our horses.

hapim, per. pro., us, Ist per. social pl.
in the dative case before verbs that
begin with a vowel and usually trans-
lated with a prep., as to, for, of, etc.,
as hapimanoli, he told us; hapimanum-
puli, he spake to us.

hapim, Ist per. social pl., our; the pro. is
removed from the noun in the nom.
and placed before the verb, as isubat
hapimilli instead of hapimisuba hat illi.

hapimmi, a., our.

hapimmi, y. n., tu be our, or ours,
Mark 12:57.

hapimmi toba, v. a. i., to become our.

hapin, pre. pos. pro., our, Ist per. social
pl. in the nom. case, before nouns be-
ginning with ch, /, and t, as hapin-
chuka, our house.

hapin, per. pro., us, Ist per. pl., dat. case,
before verbs beginning with ch, 1, and
t, and usually rendered with a prep.,
as of, for, to, from.

hapin, pos. pro., our.

hapishno, per. pro., we, Ist per. social
pl., nom. case, i. e., you and I; you
and we, etc.; all of us.

hapishno, obj. case, us.

hapishno, per. pro., our, Ist per. pl.;
hapishno akinli, ourselves.

has, per. pro., ye or you, as hassathana,
ye know me; hassiachi, ye say of me,
Matt. 16:15; hassamashke, Josh. 2: 13.

hash, per. pro., ye or you, 2d per. pl.,
nom. case, before active verbs, as hashia,
Matt. 5: 44, 47, 48; 6: 1, 2; 13: 14.

hash isht ikhana, see hashi isht ikhana.

hasha"ya, hashatya, v. a. i., to get mad;
to become mad, bristled or vexed; to
pout.

hashatya, vy. n., to pout; to be cross or
angry; ilehashaya, to be angry with
himself, Gen. 45: 5.

hashatya, a., cross; fretful; sulky; surly.

hasha"yachi, y. t., to fret; to make a
person mad, cross, or fretful.

hashcha, n., an offense.

hashi, n., the sun; a luminary; a light,
Josh. 10: 12; hashi at kohchama, when
the sun was up, Matt. 13: 6; hashi akon
the sun, Matt. 13: 43; 17: 2.

hashi, n., a sunflower.

[BULL. 46

hashi, n., a moon; a lunar month; a
month, Josh. 4: 19; 5: 10.

[Mr. Byington says of the Choctaw
months: ‘‘But very few Choctaws know
all the names or know when the months
come in or go out.’’ At first he inserted
a list of month names in alphabetical
order without stating whether they were
obtained from one person or from several.
Later he obtained and recorded two
others, one October 23, 1854, from Ila-
pintabi, and the other December 31, 1856,
from Ivapali. I[lapintabi told him that
the year began in the latter part of Sep-
tember, while, according to Iyapali, it
was in the latter part of March. Both
of these statements are reconciled by a
subsequent note to the effect that the
year was divided into two series of six
months each, asummer series and a win-
ter series. From the time when these
are said to have begun, September 21 and
March 21, it is evident that the autumnal
and vernal equinoxes were taken as start-
ing points. The list of months obtained
from Iyapali is in almost complete agree-
ment with the earliest list recorded by
Byington, and therefore is probably more
correct than that of Ilapintabi. It is as
follows:

March-April, chafo chito (from
hohchafo chito,
“‘big famine’’)

hash koinchush.

hash koichito.
hash mati.

hash watullak.

tek irhashi.

hash bihi.

hash bissa.
hash kaf.

hash takkon.

hash hoponi.

chafiskono (from
hohchafo iskiti-
ni, *‘little fam-
ine’’).

April-May,
May-June,
June—July,
July-August,
August-September,
September-—October,
October-November,
November—December,
December—January,
January-February,
February-March,

Besides some inconsequential differ-
ences the earliest list has hash watonlak
instead of hash watullak. No May-June
month occurs in this list unless it is rep-
resented by ‘“‘/uak mosholi,’”’ the specific
application of which is not given, and

ing ptsd by oa wean

BYINGTON |

which appears to have been questioned

by Mr. Byington’s later informants.

Since, however, a year of twelve strictly

lunar months must be corrected at inter-

vals to agree with the solar year, the

editor suggests that luak mosholi, which

means ‘‘fire extinguished,’’ may have

applied to an intercalary month or period

at the time of the annual festival when

the year began anew. Ilapintabi’s list

differs from that given only in inverting

hash koitchush and hash koichito, and hash

mati and hash watullak, the first being

made to fall in May-June, the second in

April-May, the third in July—August,

and the fourth in June—July.—J. R.S.]

hashi achafa, n., a month; one month;
one moon.

hashi achafakma, adv., monthly.

hashi ahalaia, a., solar; pertaining to
the sun.

hashi aiitolaka, n., the west.

hashi aiokatula, n., the west.

hashi aiokatula, a., west; occidental;
western; westward.

hashi aiokatula imma, adv., occidental;
westward, Josh. 1: 4; 8: 9.

hashi aiokatula mali, n., a zephyr.

hashi aiokatula pila, adv., occidental;
westward; toward the west.

hashi aiokatula pilla, adv., to the west;
at the west; away to the west; a.,
western.

hashi akochaka, hashi akuchaka, n.,
the east, Matt. 2:1, 9.

hashi akonolhi, n., a circle around the
sun or moon.

hashi akuchaka, hash akuchaka, n.,
the east, Matt. 8: 11; orient; a., oriental.

hashi akuchaka imma, hash aku-
chaka imma, ady., eastward; easter-
ly; toward the rising sun, Josh. 1: 15;
4519)

hashi akuchaka okla, n., the eastern
people; the orientals.

hashi akuchaka pilla, adv., at the east;
to the east; in the east.

hashi akuchapila, ady., toward the east;
eastward.

hashi aopiaka, n., the west, Matt. 8: 11.

hashi atomi, n., the sunshine; the place
where the sun shines.

hashi alhpisa, n., terms; the monthly
course of females; menses.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

147

hashi bolukta, v. a. i., to full, as the
moon.

hashi bolukta, n., the full moon.

hashi himmona, n., the new moon.

hashi himmona talali, y. a. i., to change,
as the moon; to pass the sun, as the
moon in its orbit.

hashi himmona talali, n.,
moon.

hashi himo auata, v. a. i., to change, as
the moon; to appear, as the new moon.

hashi himo auata, n., the new moon.

hashi holba, a., sunlike.

hashi inni, y. t., to bask; to warm by
the sun.

hashi isht ikhana, hash isht ikhana,
n., awatch; atimepiece; achronometer;
a dial; a timekeeper.

hashi isht ikhana i4shukcha, n., a fob;
a watch pocket.

hashi isht ithana chito, n., a clock.

hashi isht ithana ikbi, n., a watch
maker; a clock maker.

hashi kanalli, n., an hour, John 1: 39.

hashi kanalli alhpisa, n., an hour, Matt.
8. ISA 10:7 LOs Los 28e 172018.

hashi kanalli isht alhpisa, n., an hour.

hashi kania, v. a. i., to go; to disappear,
as the sun when eclipsed.

hashi kania, n., an eclipse of the sun or
moon.

hashi kucha, n., sunrise.

hashi kuchaka, n., the east.

hashi libisha, v. t., to bask in the sun;
to get warm by the sun.

hashi loshuma, n., the old of the moon.

hashi lua, a., sunburnt.

hashi lua, v. n., to be sunburnt.

hashiluhmi, v. t., to hide the sun, i. e., to
eclipse the sun.

hashi luma, pp., eclipsed or hid, as the
sun.

hashi moma, adv., monthly.

hashininak atya, n., the moon, Josh. 10:
12s

hashi nitak isht ikhana, n., a calendar;
an almanac.

hashi okatula, n., sunset; sundown.

hashi talali, n., the new moon, Ch. Sp.
Book, p. 95.

hashi tohwikeli, n., daylight.

hashi tuchinakma, advy., quarterly.

hashilabi, ushelabi, n., a sty; a disease
of the eyelid.

the new

148 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

hashilli, v. a. i., to change, as the moon,
this refers to the old of the moon.

hashilli, n., the change or death of the
moon.

hashintak, n., a comb.

hashintak yauaha, n., a coarse comb.

haship, n., the breast of a fowl.

hashitombi, see hashtomi.

hashki, n., my mother, Josh. 2: 13;
Matt. 12: 48, 49, 50; mam, or mamma;
chishke, thy mother.

hashninak aya, n., the moon; a lumi-
nary; a light.

hashninak a"ya isht alhpisa, n., lunar
measurement or calculation.

hashninak a®ya tohwikeli, n., moon-
light; moonshine.

hashontombichi, y. t., to sun.

Hashtahi, n., the Great Spirit; the gov-
ernor of the world, whose eye is the sun.

hashtampushik, hashtapushik, see
hatapushik.

hashtapotla, n., the bull nettle.

hashtap, hashtip, n., fallen leaves; dead
leaves.

hashtap inchilakwa, n., chicken pox.

hashtap mati shali, n., drift.

hashtap yuloli, hashtap yoluli, n., a
salamander; a small lizard.

hashtomi, hashtombi, hashitombi, n.,
a sunbeam; sunshine.

hashtula, n., winter; the winter season.

hashtula anta na lopulli, y. a. i., to
winter.

hashtula chohmi, a., wintry.

hashtula iklana, n., midwinter.

hashtula tashka chipota aiasha, n.,
winter quarters for an army.

hashtulahpi, n., the fall; autumn; the
fall season.

hashtulammona, n., the early part of
winter.

hashuk, n., grass; herbage; sward, Matt.
6: 30; 14: 19:

hashuk abasha, n., a place mowed;
where grass has been cut; a meadow.

hashuk aiamo, n., a meadow.

hashuk ashachi, v. t., to mow; to put
away hay or grass.

hashuk basi, n., a wild grass of which
hand brooms are made.

hashuk basha, pp., mowed; mown.

hashuk basha shila, n., hay; mowed
grass.

[BULL 46

hashuk bashli, v. t., to mow; to cut
grass.

hashuk bashli, n., a mower.

hashuk cha®shlichi, n., a large green
grasshopper which sings loud and in
the morning.

hashuk chito, n., great grass; stout grass;
thick and heavy grass.

hashuk foka, a., grassy.

hashuk hata, n., a bird having a small
body and long legs, often seen around
water and muddy places.

hashuk impa, v. a. i., to pasture.

hashuk impachi, y. t., to pasture; to
graze.

hashuk ipeta, v. t., to graze.

hashuk isht bashli, n., a hook.

hashuk isht holmo, n., a thatch.

hashuk isht homo, vy. t., to thatch.

hashuk isht itannali, n., a rake.

hashuk itanaha, n., a haycock; a pile
of hay; a rick of hay; a mow; a swath
of grass.

hashuk itannali, v. t., to collect hay;
to rake hay.

hashuk tohammichi, y. t., to trail the
grass.

hashuk malli, v.a.i., to lighten; to flash,
as lightning (lit., grass leaps, or to leap
over grass).

hashuk mali, n., lightning; a thunder
bolt; electricity; a flash of lightning.

hashuk pancha, n., a flag; a blue flag; a
‘“cattail’’ flag.

hashuk patalhpo,n., agrass bed; a straw
bed.

hashuk pata, n., crab grass; crop grass.

hashuk shila, n., hay; cured grass.

hashuk shileli, v. t., to hay; to cure
grass.

hashuk shileli, n., a haymaker.

hashuk umpoholmo, n., thatch.

hashuk umpoholmo, pp., thatched.

hashuk umpohomo, y. t., to thatch.

hashwish, hashwash, n., worms; those
of asmall kind that affect children as
a disease.

hat, art., the, nom. case, suffixed to
nouns; ateha hat, they; Matt. 2: 1.
Sometimes written at and yat as well
as ha, a, and ya (q. v.).

hat, rel. pro., when suffixed to verbs.

hat, used before tok and tuk.

ieee eo

BYINGTON |

hata, an ady. in recent past tense, ex-
pressing surprise.

hata, n., paleness.

hata, a., pale; white; cadaverous; pallid;
sallow.

hata, v. n., to be pale; hanta, nasal form
(ads. -v.)i-

hata, n., a gleet; gleets.

hata lakna, n., a yellow white; an
orange color.

hata lakna, a., having a yellow-white
color.

hata laknachi, y. t., to color a yellow
white.

hata ont ia, vy. a. i., to have the gleets;
to gleet.

hata ont ia, n., the whites.

hatabafakchi, see hatapofokchi.

hatachi, vy. a. i., to turn white; to be-
come pale; to ripen, as peaches. See
hatachi.

hatachi, n., a light color.

hatakbi, a., white, like a man’s tongue
in fever.

hatapakli, v. a. i., to gallop.

hatapaklichi, y. t., to gallop.

hatapofukchi, n., a prairie hawk.

hatapusha, n., the bull nettle.

hatapushik, hatapushik, n.,a butterfly.

hatak, see hatak.

hatat kania, a., very pale.

hatat kania, v. n., to be very pale; v.
a. i., to become very pale.

hatip, n., the rump; the croup or crop.

hatto2, ady.; ishwiha hatton?

hattok, see hatok.

hatukchaya, hatukchaya, n., a great
witch; an imaginary being who makes
Choctaw doctors.

he, art., see ak.

he, heh, ahe (q. v.), adv., almost; well
nigh; etata he, we have almost finished
it; nearly, Luke 8: 42; ef. hikma.

he, hi, sign of the remote future of the
indicative mood; shall; will. Com-
pounds: hea—heakano —heakat—heak-
ato — heakat— heakin — heakinli — heak-
int — heakkia — heakma — heakmako—
heakmakocha — heakmakona— heakmak-
osh—heakmakot—heakmano—heakmat—
heakmato—heako—heakocha—heakoka—
heakokano— heakokat— heakoke — heak-
okia—heakona—heakosh — heakot — hea-
tok, heatuk, hiatuk, etc., should haye—

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

149

hekak, ete., see kak, and its compounds—
hekakon, but; for—hemak—hemaka—he-
makano—hemakin — hemakinli— hemak-
int— hemakkia — hemako —hemakocha—
hemakoka— hemakokat — hemakoke —he-
makona — hemakosh — hemakot — heon,
Matt. 6: 1—heoka—heokama—heokat—
heoke, hioke; laua hioke, many will there
be, Matt. 7: 22; achilahioke, say I will;
Matt. 7: 23—heokmano—heokmat—heok-
mato—hetok, should have been; would
have been; might have been; remote—
hetuk, recent past tense, might have
been; ought; hashata”yahetuk at, Josh.
22 163 324.

he keyu, ady., can not; shall not: will
not.

heahni, see hiahni.

healhpesa, n., an occasion.

hehi, v. a. i., fem. gen., to sing.

hehi, n., fem. gen., a singer.

hehio, hehyo, n., the name of a wild
root.

hehka, vy. a. i., to start; to recoil; to
startle; to wince.

hehka, n., a starter; a wincer.

hehkachi, v. t., to startle.

hehkat anumpuli, v. t., to extemporize.

hehkat anumpuli, n., an extemporizer.

hekano, n., the last speech of a dying
man.

heli, v. a. i. pl., to fly; to go in haste,
Matt. 28: 8; hika, singular.

heli, n., fliers.

heli, a., flying; volant.

helichi, v. t., to cause to fly; toscareaway,
as birds; to make them fly.

hetachi, see hitachi.

heno, art. in the obj. case, from helo.

hepulla, a., apt; liable; obnoxious;
probable; subject.

hepulla, n., danger.

hepulla, v.n., to be surely; surely to be.

het, art. in nom. case; hin, oblique case;
see akhet.

het, ady.; see Acts 7: 17; nitak at aiona”
het maha®yama; het is a sign of the fu-
ture with the connective ¢. The word
is a"heh, near; a diminution of which is
a™husi; the final h is elided by the sub-
stitution of ¢ copula.

heto, art., see akheto; hato obsolete style
for heto; iklokahato, ikaiyohkaato.

150 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

heto, adv. of neg., can not; will not; shall
not; impossible; when this follows a
verb in the neg. form it becomes an af-
firmative, as iklokaheto, he will not
not come, i. e., he will surely come.

heto, a., impossible.

heto, v. n., to be impossible.

hetuk, ought, Matt. 18: 6.

hi, ahi, sign of indic. fut.; see he (prop-
erly ahe).

hi®, int., pshaw, meaning dislike or con-
tempt.

hiahni, heahni, vy. a. i., to love; to es-
teem, heishahni, hiahnili, heilahni.

hiahni, v. t., to caress; to love; to dote
upon; irreg. v., tali holisso hiahni, he
loves money; hiahnili, I love; hiishahni,
thou loyest; hiahni, he loves; hiilahni,
hiiloahni, hehachahnili, I love you (pl.).

hiahni, n., a lover.

hiahni, a., merciful.

hiahni iksho, n., apathy; fell.

hiahni iksho, a., without love.

hiahni iksho, v. n., to be without love.

hiasinti, see iasinti.

hichali, a., spiteful; brave; i”hichanlitok.

hichali, v. n., to be spiteful.

hichali, n., spite.

hichi, n., a boil; a tubercle; a wild tur-
nip.

hichuk, n., the name of a root, of which
the Choctaw have made bread in a
time of scarcity; see kifash.

hichukbi, hochukbi, n., a natural pit
or hole in the ground, or one that runs
under ground, as a chasm; a pit; a hole;
a cave; a cavern; a den, Josh. 10: 17,
18, 27; 2 Sam. 18: 17; cave of Machpe-
lah, Gen. 23: 9; see tali chiluk.

hichukbi chito, n., a cavern.

hichukhi fo"ka, y.a. i., to den; to dwell,
as in a den.

hichushi, n., a tubercle; small boils.

hieli, y. a. i. pl., to stand, Josh. 3: 14, 17;
6: 4,13; 7:12; 8:10; itikba hieli, to stand
before; hikia, sing.; hinli, nasal form.

hieli, pp., set up; placed.

hieli, n., those which stand; those who
stand.

hielichi, hiotichi, vy. t., to erect; to set
up; to cause to stand.

hitha, v. a. i., to groan.

hitha, n., a groan.

hiho, int., ah.

(BULL. 46

hika, pp., pawned; pitched; placed; set;
cocked; ikhehko, a., uncocked; i®hika,
n., a pillar.

hika, v. a. i. sing., to fly; to flit; to wing;
to soar; to touch with the feet; aio”-
hikahe or hikiahe, to stand on (ai, there
or where); to tread on, Josh. 1: 3; to
rest in, Josh., 3: 11, 13, 15; 4:18; heli, pl.

hika, a., volant; volatile; fiying.

hika, n., a flier; a line.

hika, n., a stand.

hika, n., a tree called sweet gum, and
the gum or wax.

hitka; aka hitka, a footman; oka hitka,
to be in the water.

hika nia, n., the gum of the sweet gum
tree.

hikachi, vy. t., to cause to fly; to scare
away a bird; to make it fly.

hikat a®ya, v. a.i., to soar.

hikbat, adv.; ayukpa hikbat, can not be
joyful.

hiket a™ya, v. a. i., to be with, Luke
9: 41.

hiket ia, v. a. i., to start; to begin, as in
running a road or lines.

hikia, y. a. i. sing., to stand, Josh. 3: 15;
5: 13; to go; to get, Luke 4: 8; to be
or stand, as a well or spring, Josh. 4: 6;
to hold; to look, as pit hikia, et hikia, to
look toward; hikima, nasal form, to sit,
as fowls on their roost; to stop, Matt.
11: 11; hikia, for to be, tostand; hikia-
shke, for the verb to be; Matt. 16: 23;
hikiatok, Matt. 17: 2; ithikia, to have;
tanampo imhikia, he has a gun; hikint;
onhikia, to stand on; to perch; hieli pl.

hikia, n., that which stands; a stand.

hikia, a., standing, as hatak hikia.

hikia, pp., erected; set up; established;
installed; pitched; placed.

hikia toba, v. a. i., to get able to stand
or walk.

hikiat ia, prep., from, Josh. 1: 4.

hikikia, vy. a. i., to go, as one looking for
a lost object, Matt. 18: 12.

hikikita, yv. a.i., to stand about; to walk
about; to attend to some little business;
a frequentative after the example of
bininitli and yanananli; see Matt. 18: 12.
Chisas at. . . hikikimatok, John 10: 23
nowat hikikina, Mark 11: 27; binili, to
sit, binininli; kanalli, to move, kana-
narli; yanalli, to run, yananali.

BYINGTON ]

hikikita, n., one that walks about.
hikma, from he, almost or well-nigh, and
ikma.

hilechi, v. t., to set, Matt. 18: 2; Josh.

7: 26; toset up; to put up; to take up, as
a stray; isuba ha” aiomhilechi, to set on;
ikbit hilechi, to rear, Matt. 16: 18; 2 Sam.
24: 18; to rear up, John 2: 20; to check;
to cock, asa gun; to erect; to establish;
to fill, i. e., to supply a place with an in-
cumbent; to ground; to fix; to inaugu-
rate; to install; to instate; to institute;
toinyest; to ordain; to pawn; to place;
to pledge; to present; to raise; to seat;
to settle; to station; to stick.

hilechi, n., a setter up; an institutor; a
pawner; a placer.

hilechi, n., an installation.

hitlhhitlhachi, vy. a. i., to quack; ok/fo-
chush at hirthhitthachi; the duck says
hinthhirth.

hiloha, vy. t., v. a. i., to thunder; to ful-
minate; tointonate, 1 Sam. 2: 10.

hiloha, n., thunder; a peal of thunder;
‘a clap of lightning; a thunder clap.

hiloha, a., thunder, as a thunder storm.

hiloha abi, hilohabi, pp., killed by
lightning.

hiloha abi, hilohabi, v. t., to kill by
thunder; to strike with lightning; to
thunder strike.

hiloha hoshintika, n., a thunder cloud.

hiloha tassa, hiloha bassa, n., a sharp
peal of thunder.

hiloha umba chito,
shower.

hilohachi, y. t., to cause it to thunder.

hilohachi, n., a thunderer.

hila, y. a. i., to dance; to frolic; to gam-
bol; to hop, Matt. 14: 6; hachikhetoshke,
ye have not danced, Mat. 11: 17; ishit
hita, v. t., to triumph over by means
of, 2 Sam. 1: 20.

hita, n., a dance; a ball; a frolic; a min-
uet; nakni hila, a male dance, in which
none but men are engaged; nasloba
hila, n., a wolf dance; pa®shi isht hita,
n., a war dance, or a hair dance or
scalp dance.

hila, n., a dancer; a frolicker.

hitachi, helachi, hitachi, y. t., to cause
to dance; to make others dance; to
dance.

n., a thunder

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

151

hima, may be the root of the following
words: himma, himak, himmak; hima.

himak, a., instant; current; present;
modern; this; himak at, this is, Luke 1:
36.

himak, ady., now; at this time, 2 Sam.
24: 2; himakashke, v. i., Matt. 11: 12.

himak, n., now; the present time, mo-
ment, or instant.

himak afammi, n. or adv., this year; the
present year.

himak ano, ady. or n., now; as for the
present time.

himak foka, n. or ady., about this time;
palashash himak foka, pilashash himak
foka, yesterday about this time.

himak fokalechi, a., presumptuous;
hazardous; wandering.

himak fokalechi, y. a. i., to act at ran-
dom; to run a hazard; to act rashly;
himak fokalechit anumpuli, v. t., to chat-
ter; himak fokalechit anya, to wander.

himak fokali, v. a. i., to go or act at
random or at hazard.

himak fokali, n., random.

himak fokalit, ady., with hazard or care-
lessly; headlong; head first.

himak fokalit anumpuli, v. a. i., to bab-
ble; to prate; to talk at random; to
quibble.

himak fokalit anumpuli, n., a quibbler.

himak fokalit a™ya, y. a.i., to go along
at random without a guide or road; to
wander.

himak fokalit hochefo, v. t., to nick-
name.

himak fokalit hohchifo, n., a nickname.

himak fokalit holissochi, y. t., to
scrawl; n., a scrawler.

himak fokalit miha, y. a. i., to guess;
to conjecture.

himak hashi, n., this month.

himak ninak, n., ady., this night; to-
night.

himak nitak, n., this day; adv., to-
day; the present day, or time, Matt. 6:
11; 11: 28; this day, Josh. 5: 9; now,
Matt. 15: 2.

himaka, ady., n., now; the time now;
the present time, Josh. 1: 2; Matt. 14:
15.

himakma, a., more; moreover.

152 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

himma, ady., aux. (from /e, future gen.,
and imma, toward; direction of), shall
hereafter; shall toward; will; with
keyu, not ever; never; takofa himma
keyu, he will never recover; toward
recovery he never will.

himma, y. n., to be hereafter, as chi-
himmali, I, after you.

himma keyu, ady., never; ne’er.

himma keyu, vy. n., never to be.

himmak, a., subsequent; following; un-
born; future; younger; intensive form
of himak, as pilla is the intensive form
‘of pila; see ilappak, yammak, words of a
similar character.

himmak, y. n., to be subsequent; 7”him-
mak, to be after him; sahimmak, to be
after me, John 1: 27.

himmak, ady., hereafter; afterward;
after; at last; himmak ishatya, at last,
you are along.

himmak foka, ady., hereafter; about
this time.

himmak pila, n., the coming time; ady.,
henceforth; henceforward; hereafter.

himmak pilla, n., the time that is to
come; the future time; the future.

himmak pillama, ady. or n., hereafter;
from henceforth; for the future time;
henceforward.

himmakma, v. n., in the sub. mood;
lit., when it shall be hereafter, butit is
usually rendered as an adverb, here-
after; at a future time; by and by;
furthermore; next, Matt. 5: 138; then,
Matt. 18: 16; any more, Josh. 5: 1, 12.

himmita, y. n., to be young.

himmita, a., young; fresh;
youthful.

himmita, n., the young; youth; the
flower; a youngster.

himmita atiha, n., the youth.

himmita chohmi, a., youngish.

himmitasi, a., young, Luke 2: 36; green.

himmitasi, v. n., to be young.

himmitacheka, a. pl., young.

himmitachi, yv. t., to make young; to
rejuvenate; to renew; himmitaiyachi,
pro. form.

himmithoa, a. pl., young; wak himmit
hoa, young cattle, but not very young.

himmithoa, y. n. pl., to be young.

himmithoa, n. pl., those who are young;

sappy;

the youth; the young ones; the flower.

[BuLL. 46

himmitushi, a. (dim.), young.

himmona, n., newness; a novelty; once,
Matt. 9: 33; with a negative, never.

himmona, himona, a., new, Matt. 15:
52; brandnew; present; fresh; novel;
recent; virgin; young.

himmona, pp., renewed; renovated.

himmona, y. n., to be new.

himmona aioklachi, v. t., to repeople.

himmona chuhmi, a., newish.

himmona iktobo, a., unrenewed; un-
regenerate.

himmona isht atta, n., a novice.

himmona toba, pp., renovated.

himmonacha hinla, a., renewable.

himo, ady., now; just now, John 2: 9;
himo ela, we have just arrived.

himona, n., now; the present time.

himona, ady., now; just; afresh.

himona achafanlit kanima anta, n.,
ubiquity.

himona hofanti, v. a. i., to be growing
up now.

himona hofanti, n., present generation.

himona hofanti, a., pp., just raised;
just grown.

himonachi, himonachi, v. t., to make
new; to renew; to renovate; ilehimo-
nachi, to renew himself.

himonali, y. n., to be at once or in a
moment; himonanli, nasal form.

himonali, v. a. i., to do at once.’

himonali, ady., at once; all at once;
instantly; forthwith.

himonanli, ady., forthwith.

himonasi, vy. n., to be instantly.

himonasi, n., now; just now; this mo-
ment, Matt. 9: 18;~17: 12.

himonasi, ady., immediately; instantly.

himonasi achafa, n., one minute.

himonna, n., a single instance.

himonna, ady., once; Luke, 5: 1; Josh.
Gra

himonna, y. n., to be once or a single
time.

himonna}?, y. n., to be often; to be fre-
quently or repeatedly; Matt. 17: 15.

himonna achafa, v. n., to beat one time.

himonna achafa, ady., at the same time;
himonna achafa mont ikanumpuli, let all
speak at once.

himonna achafa halalli, n., a single
haul.

e
?
'

ep thet

BYINGTON ]

himonna achafanli, adv., once.

himonna isht atta, n., a novice.

himonna tapli, y. t., to sunder once; to
clip off once; n., a single clip.

himonnaha, adv., once; one time.

hina, n., a road; a path; a street, a way,
Josh. 2: 19; Matt. 7: 18; a furrow; a
pass; a pathway, Luke 3: 4; a route; a
row; a track; a trace; an alley; an ave-
nue; awalk; Nachi imhina, the Natchez
Trace.

hina apesa, v. t., to run a road; to lay
out a road.

hina abanabli, v. t., to cross another
road; to go over the road.

hina abanabli, n., a crossroad; cross-
roads.

hina bashpuli, n., a scavenger.

hina chito, n., a large road; a highway;
a broad way; a large path; a wagon
road,

hina falakto, n., a fork in a road.

hina hanta, n., a bright path; the way
of peace; the gospel path; the narrow
way of life.

hina ikbi, hinikbi, y. t., to make a
road, or a row; to furrow; to lay off
furrows for planting; to path.

hina ikbi, hinikbi, n., a road maker;
one who makes roads or furrows; a way
maker.

hina ikpatho, n., a lane; a narrow way.

hina kucha, n., a ford; a pass.

hina o"hanabli, v. t., to cross over an-
other road.

hina o"hanabli, n., a crossroad; cross-
roads.

hina patha, n., a broad road; a wagon
road; a highway; a street.

hina takla kahat hu"kupa, n., a high
wayman.

hinak, okhinak, n., a corn tassel, or the
flower of corn on the top of the stalk;
also vy. a. i.

hinak bitepuli, hinak atepuli, hinak
batepuli, n., the rainbow; the bow of
promise; Iris.

hinak bitepuli, v. a. i., to form or be-
come a rainbow; lit., to rainbow.

hinak kucha, n., the appearance or
coming out of the corn tassel.

hinak toba, v. a. i., to become a corn
tassel; to tassel, as corn.

hinak toba, pp., made as corn tassels;
tasselled.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

153

hinakfoata, n., a crossroad.

hinakfoata, yv. a.
road.

hinakshu, n., an old deserted road; an
unused road.

hinanli, a., along the road.

hinanli, v. n., to be along the road.

hinikbi, see hina ikbi.

hinla, a., liable; likely; obnoxious.

hinla, ahinla, sign of the potential mood,
can; may; shall; will, Matt. 6: 7, 21;
12: 29; Luke 5: 7; katiohmihahinla,
Luke 8: 9; hahinla, Luke 4: 7, 38; Matt.
2:4, 13; John 4:40, 47; hinlashke, would,
Matt. 12:38.

hinla, can be, or the English ending -ble,
as in fusible.

hinlatok, could; could have; would.

hinlatuk, could; could have; might;
might have; should; would.

hinli, nasal form, from hieli; haksobish at
imhinlikmat, Matt. 11:15; aiapimhat hieli,
Matt. 12: 41.

hinli, pl., i. e., from two to four; to be
standing; haksobish at ®hinlikmat, if he
have ears, Matt. 13: 9.

hinluk, n., a small green-headed wild
duck; a wood duck.

hiohma?ya, n., a standing round.

hiohmatya, y. a. i., to stand around,
Matt. 6: 5; 13: 2, 30; hiohmanyashke,
Matt. 12: 47.

hioht, adv., contracted from hioli.

hioht a®sha, y. a. i., to sit around; to
stand.

hioht ma"ya, hiohmatya, y. a. i., to
stand around.

hokma, see hokma.

hioh, hiyoli, haiohi (q. v.), v. a. 1. pl., to
stand.

hioli, a., pp., set up; erected.

hioh, n., those which stand;
which are set up.

hiolichi, hiotechi, y. t., to set up; to
to erect; to put up; to raise up, Luke
3: 8; to team; to set on the feet; aka
pit hiotichi, Josh. 2: 15; 5: 7; see hie-
lichi.

hiotichi, n., a teamster.

hiotshakeli, n., a grasshopper of the
largest kind.

hish a®¥sha, a., haired; having hair;
hairy.

hish a®sha, y. n., to be haired.

i., to cross another

those

154 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

hishi, n., hair, except that of the head,
which is pamshi; fur; feathers; wool;
leaves; a blade; a coat (hishi boafa, to
shed his coat); a leaf; a spire; a fleece.

hishi aialhto, n., a woolsack.

hishi alikti, n., a pin feather.

hishi atoba, a., woolen.

hishi chito, a., hairy; having much hair;
shaggy; leafy.

hishi chito, v. n., to be hairy.

hishi chito, n., a shag; a shag lock.

hishi chito a™sha, a., shagged.

hishi homi, tishi homi (q. v.), n.,
pepper.

hishi homi ani, n., a pepper corn.

hishi homi humma, n., red pepper; cay-
enne pepper; capsicum; see tishi hum-
md.

hishi iksho, a., naked; destitute of hair,
except on the head; bare.

hishi laua, a., leafy.

hishi lapishta, n., short, fine hair; fuzz.

hishi toba, a., fledged; feathered.

hishi toba, pp., leafed; having leaves;
leaved.

hishi toba, v.a.i., to fledge; to grow, as
feathers; to become feathers; to leaf.

hishi tobat taha, pp., feathered entirely;
leafed out.

hishi wanuksho,n., short fine hair; fuzz.

hishi lukchi, see pishilukchi.

hishunluk, see hoshunluk.

hitoka, hotoka, n., a ball ground.

hituchina, a., third.

hituchina, v. n., to be the third.

hituchinaha, ady., thrice; three times,
Acts 10: 16.

hituchinanchi, y. t., to do it three
times, or the third time.

hituk, hittuk, n., powder; gunpowder;
Choctaw pearlash, or potash.

hituk aialhpisa, n., that in which
powder is measured, especially a single
charge, and called a charger.

hituk aialhto, n., a powderhorn or flask;
a keg, or canister of powder.

hituk aiikbi, n., a powdermill.

hituk aionchiya, n., a pan; a priming
pan.

hituk atoba, n., a powdermill.

hituk bofota, n., dust; flying dust.

hituk chubi, hituk chubbi, n., ashes;
dry dust; dust; wood ashes, Matt. 11:

All

[BULL. 46

hituk chubi ahoiya, n., a lye leach; an
ash leach; hoiya is the active verb.

hituk chubi aholuya, n., an ash leach;
a leach; holuya is the passive of hoiya.

hituk chubi aialhto, n., an ash box,
bin, or tub.

hituk chubi holuya, n., lye.

hituk chubi inchuka, n., an ash house.

hituk chubi isht peti falaia, n., a peel;
a large fire shovel.

hituk chubi isht piha, n.,an ash shovel;
a fire shovel.

hituk haksun onchiya, n., a priming;
the powder lying on the priming pan.

hituk hoiya, n., lye.

hitukisht alhpisa, n., a powder charger;
the measure of a load.

hituk lakna, n., brimstone; sulphur.

hituk lakna bota, n., the flour of sul-
phur or of brimstone.

hituk taya bacha®ya, n., a train of
powder.

hituk shibota, n., flying dust; smoke of
powder.

hituk tohbi, n., flying dust; dust, Matt.
10:14; pearlash; potash, such as is man-
ufactured by Americans.

hituk yanha, n., embers; hot ashes.

hitukla, hotukla, a., second.

hitukla, y. n., to be second.

hituklaha, ady., twice; second time.

hituklanchi, v. t., to do it twice, or a sec-
ond time, or again.

hiyoli, see hioli.

ho, 2d per. pl. imp. mood, when the word
begins with a consonant, and oh when
with a vowel; hominti, come ye; ohia,
go ye.

ho, oh, the ‘‘marriage pronoun,’’
a syllable thrown into the verb, or
placed at the beginning of a verb which
indicates certain relations by marriage,
such as son-in-law, daughter-in-law, or
father-in-law and mother-in-law; used
only by those who sustain this rela-
tion, and called ‘‘shame talk.’’

ho, an exclamation.

ho?, interrogative. See John 6: 29.

ho, ho®, an art. used after a noun, usually
rendered asa or an, the indefinite ar-
ticle; as nana ho pisali, I see a thing, or
something. As the art. a” is written
an, han, and yam, so this has three
ways, om, hon, yon, and chiefly for the

BYINGTON ]

sake of euphony, yet hor usually
follows a verb, yo" a noun, and o” a
word which ends with a consonant,
as wak o”, hatak on. But the
sense and the idiom of the Choctaw
will not always admit of rendering ho”,
on, and yo by the article a or an; nor
will that of the English admit it
wherever the Choctaw language does.
It isalsoarelative pronoun, simple and
compound, when compounded having
different senses and used after different

parts of speech; ho, hon, hoh (see 0, 0”, -

oh), have the sense of the verb to be
in the 3d person, or of the auxiliary;
also to do; hachibaptismochitishke, I
do indeed baptize you, Matt. 3: 11,
Compounds: hocha— hoka, because,
since, Matt. 5: 22—hokaka—hokaka-
no—hokakant—hokakanto, Luke 1: 37;
Chihowa hokakanto—hokakat (1 have
heard this particle used)—hokakato—
hokakhe—hokakheno—hokakhet — hokak-
heto—hokakkia; mati, micha okhata aiena
hokakkia, even the winds and the sea,
Matt. 8: 27—hokakon—hokakocha—hoka-
kona—hokakosh; ishpisa hokakosh, thou
seest, Matt. 7: 3; chiahokakosh, thou
art, John 3: 10; pitsa hokakosh, they
seeing, Matt. 13: 13; hahavklo hokakosh,
hearing, Matt. 13: 13; hashasha yoka-
kosh, ‘‘ye dwell,”’ Josh. 9: 22—haka-
kot—hokamo (ho and kama); mintiliho-
kamo, —hokano (from ho and kano);
na holissochi ateha hokano, the scribes,
Matt. 7: 29; itihhokano, their mouth,
Matt. 15: 8; keyu hokano, which not,
Matt. 15: 18; isht impa hokano to eat
with, Matt. 15:20—hokano, hokano, Josh.
1: 3, Matt. 16: 3; haharklo hokano, by
hearing, Matt. 13: 13; pihinsa hokano,
seeing—hokat, he who does, Matt. 5:
21—hokato, Matt. 5:19, the one who
does (distinctive by way of comparison),
Matt. 5:19; imachi hokato, Matt. 5: 22;
atampa hokato, Matt. 5:37, ishanumpula-
chinhokato, Matt: 6: 6; ani keyu hokato,
that bringeth not forth fruit, Matt. 7:19;
they that, Matt. 11: 8; chunkash okato,
their heart, Matt. 15: 8; banna hokato,
Matt. 16: 25; abit iktalo hokato, Josh.
8: 26; hoke, final word; lawahoke, are
many, Matt. 7: 13; ahauchihoke, do
find Matt. 7: 14; isht imaholitopahoke,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

155

Matt. 11: 19, alhpesahoke it is lawful,
Matt. 12: 12; saiyukpa fehnahoke, Matt.
17: 5—hokia—hokon, the, Matt. 17: 2—
hona—hosh—hot.

hoatsa, vy. t., to chew; to chaw; to champ;
to masticate; see hopa’sa.

hobachahe keyu, a., inimitable.

hobachi, y. t., to imitate; to liken; to
assimilate; to ape; to mimic; to echo; to
conform; to depict; topattern; to jeer;
to mock; to reverberate; to shape; to
simulate; isht ahobachi, to pattern by
means of it; to figure; itihobachi, to
cause to resemble each other or to
make them alike; itiobachi, to compare;
sahobachi, to imitate me; ilahobachi, v.
t., to make like himself, Gen. 1: 26, 27.

hobachi, y. a. i., to echo; to pattern; to
resound; to reverberate.

hobachi, n., an echo; a mock; mockery.

hobachi, n., an imitator; a mimic.

hobachi, a., mock.

hobachi, n., the act of imitation.

hobachit, adv. or the v. and conj., same
as to imitate, ete.

hobachit anumpuli, y. t., to mock; to
mimic; to talk like another.

hobachit anumpuli, n., a
mimicker.

hobachit holissochi, y. t., to copy; to
write like another; to imitate the writ-
ing of another.

hobachit holissochi, n., a copyist.

hobachit ikbi, v. t., to make after a pat-
tern; to make a likeness; to copy; to
assimilate.

hobachit ikbi, n., one that makes after
a pattern; an imitator.

hobachit miha, y. t., to rehearse.

hobachit nowa, v. t., to walk like an-
other.

hobak, n., a coward; a poltroon; a das-
tard; a eunuch; a gelding; a recreant
(a word of peculiar reproach and of-
fense).

hobak, a., pp., castrated; altered; cut;
gelded; cowardly.

hobak chohmi, ady., cowardly.

hobak ikhi, v. t., to castrate; togeld; to
cut; to alter.

hobak toba, pp., become a gelding, cow-
ard, etc.; castrated; gelded.

hobak toba, a., faint hearted; unmanly.

hobak tobachi, v. t., to unman.

mocker; a

156

hobechi, v. t., to steam; to make a
steam; to sweat in order to cure dis-
ease as was often done by the Choc-
taw doctors after this manner: herbs
and roots were collected and boiled inan
iron pot, a hole was dug in the ground
large and deep enough to admit the
pot, which haying been done, a cover
of wicker work was laid over it. The
patient lay down over this pot, covered
himself with blankets, and took the
steam. ilehobechi, v. ref., to steam one-
self.

hobechi, n., one who applies steam; one
who steams.

hobechi, n., a steaming.

hobi, v. t. (pp., holbi), to boil whole, as
eges with the shell on, potatoes, chest-
nuts, corn on the ear, beans in the
pod; to foment. A

hochaffo, vy. a. i., to starve; to hunger.

hochaffo, hohchaffo, a., hungry; hoh-
chaffo fehna, very hungry.

hochaffo, hohchafo (Matt. 12:1), ho-
chaffo, y.n., tobe hungry; hochaiyafo.

hochaffo, n., hunger; hohchafo, famine,
2 Sam. 24: 13.

hochaffo, v. a. i., to hunger.

hochaffo, pp., starved.

hochaffochi, vy. t., to starve; to distress
by famine.

hochaffochi, n., one that distresses by
famine; one that starves others.

hochaffochit abi, v. t., to starve; to kill
with hunger; hochaffochit abit tali, to
starve all to death.

hochaffot illi, v. a. i., to die with hunger;
to starve to death.

hochaffot illi, pp., dead with hunger;
starved to death.

hocheto, hochito, a. pl., large; big;
ereat; huge; vast; immense; stupen-
dous.

hocheto, y. n., to be large.

hocheto, n. pl., greatness; great ones.

hochetochi, v. t., to cause to be large.

hochetochi, n., an enlarger.

hochetoli, y. t., to make large, loud,
or great; to enlarge; to increase.

hochetoli, n., an enlarger; enlargers;
those who make large.

hochifo, hochefo, hohchifo, vy. t., to
name; to call; to denominate; to en-
title; to specify; to style; to term;

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

hochinfo, hochihinfo, hochiefo, Matt. 1:21,
22, 23; 10: 25; John 1: 42.

hochifo, n., a name, Matt. 6: 9; a de-
nomination; a character; a label; a
style; a title; hohchifo ash ih, ilap at ili
keyu, this character is dead, he is not
dead; yamma hohchifo hon, his name,
Matt. 12: 21.

hochifo, hohchifo, pp., named, Matt.
9: 9; called; denominated; entitled; la-
beled; styled; termed, John, 3: 1; iti
hochifo, named after another person.

hochifo, hochefo, n., anamer; a denom-
inator.

hochifo bieka, a., nominal.

hochifo holisso takali, pp., enrolled.

hochifo holisso takalichi, v. t., to en-
roll; n., a signer.

hochifo iksho, a., unnamed; without
name; nameless; anonymous.

hochifo iktakalo, a., anonymous; not
labeled.

hochifo ishi, y. t., to list.

hochifo okpulo, n., a by-name; a nick-
name; a bad name.

hochifo takali, n., a signature.

hochifo takali, pp., labeled; having the
name entered; named; signed; listed.

hochifo takali, vy. a. i., to list.

hochifo takalichi, y. t., to label; to en-
ter the name; to sign the name; to sub-
scribe.

hochifo takalichi, n., a subscriber.

hochifochi, ahochifochi, y. t., to cause
to name; to name, Josh. 19: 47.

hochito, see hocheto.

hochitolit holissochi, v. t., to engross.

hochitot holisso, pp., engrossed.

hochu®atlhto, see hoshunaialhto.

hochukbi, hichukbi, n., a natural pit;
a hole; a cave; a cavern.

hochukma, a. pl., good; excellent; pleas-
ant; agreeable, Josh. 5: 2; achukma,
sing., which see, Matt. 5: 16; 6: 28;
13:45; na hochukma, good things, Matt.
7:11; hochunkma, the good, Matt. 18: 45.

hochukma, hochu"kma, y. n., to be
good; hochuyukma, pro. form.

hochukma, v. a. i., to do well; to do
good; to act good, as hashhochukma.

hochukma, n., goodness; excellencies.

hochukmalechi, vy. t. pl., to repair them;
to make them good.

hochukmalechi, n. pl., repairers.

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY OF THE

hochukmali, y. t. pl., to improve them;
to repair; to better, etc.

hochukmali, n., repairers.

hochukmat, ady., well; in a good man-
ner or state.

hochukwa, a., cold; chilly; this word
describes the sensation of cold; aguish;
hochukwat wl, very cold.

hochukwa, vy. n., to be cold or chilly;
aguish; sahochukwa, Iam cold; not se-
kapassa.

hochukwa, v. a. i., to freeze.

hochukwa, n., a cold; chilliness; ague;
a chill; an ague fit.

hochukwa yanha, n., the fever and
ague.

hochukwat yanha, y. t., to have the
fever and ague; to be sick with the
fever and ague.

hochukwachi, a., aguish; chilly; some-
what cold.

hochukwachi, vy. n., to be aguish, chilly,
etc.

hochukwoba (from hochukwa and holba)
a., aguish; shivering.

hochukwoba, vy. n., to be aguish; to be
shivering.

hoeta, v.a.i., v. t., to puke; to vomit; to
discharge; to gulp; to regorge; to spew.

hoeta, n., a puke; a vomiting; a vomit.

hoeta banna, v. t., to gag; v.a.1., toretch.

hoeta banna, n., nausea; a qualm.

hoeta banna, a., qualmish; queasy.

hoetachi, y. t., to cause to puke or
vomit.

hoetachi, n., an emetic; a puke; a vomit.

hoetachi banna, a., sickish.

hoetat pisa, v. t., to heave; v. a. i., to
retch; to gag.

hofah iksho, hofahyiksho, a., immod-
est; impudent; shameless; unblushing;
ikhofahyo, not ashamed; unblushing;
unshamed.

hofahya, a., ashamed; abashed; cha-
grined; mortified; scandalous; hofaya
(subpositive), shameful; sheepish.

hofahya, v. n., to be ashamed.

hofahya, n., shame; dishonor; mortifi-
cation; scandal; isht ahofahya, reproach,
Josh. 5: 9.

hofahya, pp., mortified; ashamed.

hofahyachi, y. t., to shame; to abash;
to expose to shame; to mortify.

hofahyachi, n., a shamer,

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 157

hofahyat, ady., shamefully.

hofaloha, a. pl., long; tall; lengthy,
as in uski hofaloha; falaia, sing.

hofaloha, y. n., to be long, or tall.

hofaloha, n., length; tallness.

hofalohachi, y. t., to make them long;
to lengthen.

hofaloli, v. t., to make long, Matt. 23: 5.

hofanti, vy. n., to grow up; to advance
in stature, as animate or inanimate ob-
jects, children, cattle, etc., 1 Sam. 2: 21;
siahofanti, raised up by me or with me;
katimako chiahofanti hon?

hofanti, pp., grown, Matt. 8: 32 [?];
reared; raised; brought up; cherished;
nourished; protected.

hofanti, n., a growth; that which is
raised or reared.

hofantichi, v. t., to raise; to rear; to
bring up; to cherish; to foster; to nour-
ish; tonurture; to protect; hofantinchi,
nasal form; hofantihinchi, freq., Luke
@: 28.

hofantichi, n., a raiser; the person who
raises, educates, or brings up; a nour-
isher.

hofantit taha, pp., grown up; fully
grown.

hofayali, hofayali, vy. t., to shame; to
abash; to expose to shame; to humble;
am anumpa isht hofayatiletuk, I shamed
him by my words; isht hofati, persecu-
tion, Matt. 13: 21; isht hofayati, v. t., to
stigmatize; ilehofayati, to disgrace him-
self.

hofayah, n., a shamer.

hofayatichi, v. t., to put to shame, Luke
18: 32; Mark 12: 4.

hofayalit, adv., shamefully.

hofalli, v. a. i., to hatch; to come out’ of
the shell, as birds, fowls, turtles, and
any creature that is formed in a shell;
to grow, as the young who thus come
into being.

hofalli, n., a growth; a hatch; the act of
exclusion from the egg.

hofalli, pp., hatched; grown; raised.

hofallichi, vy. t., to hatch; to raise; to
cause to raise or to hatch; ikhofallecho,
a., unhatched.

hofallichi, n., a raiser of
breeder.

hofobi, a., deep; profound; ikhofo, a.,
shallow,

poultry; a

158

hofobi, hofombi, y. n., to be deep.

hofobi, n., depth; deepness; thickness;
ikhofobo, n., shallowness; a shoal.

hofobi, pp., made deep; deepened.

hofobi, adv., thick; thickly.

hofobichi, vy. t., to deepen.

hofobichit hilechi, y. t., to radicate; to
set deep.

hofobichit hokchi, v. t., to root.

hofobika, n., the depth.

hofobit ia, v. a. i., to deepen; to become
more deep.

hofombika, n., the deep.

hoh, a distinctive emphatic particle,
which perhaps should be regarded as a
pronoun; it; that; see Luke 2: 44;
hachimachi hohkia, Mark 13: 21; ishla
hohcho? art thou come? Matt. 8: 29;
imateka hohkia, Matt. 11: 22.

hohchaffo, see hochaffo.

hohchifo, pass. of hochifo; ahohchifo,
called in, Matt. 5: 19.

hohchifo, n., aname; his name, Matt. 1:
21; chithohchifo, thy name; Matt. 7: 22;
sign, Acts 28:11; athohchifo, my name,
Matt. 18:5; 2 Sam. 14: 7.

hohchifo, pp., named, Josh. 2: 1; called,
Josh. 5: 9.

hohoeta, pl., or freq., hoeta, sing., to
puke continually; to vomit continually;
hothinta, freq.

hohoeta, n., a puke; a vomiting.

hohoetachi, v. t. pl., to puke; to vomit;
to cause to puke.

hohpi, see hopi.

hohpi, hopi, hoppi, v. t., to bury; to
inter; to commit the dead to the ground
or grave; to inhume; to entomb; to
sepulcher; hohpili, I bury, Matt. 8: 21;
hohpashke, let them bury, Matt. 8: 22;
14: 12; 1 Kings 11: 15; hohpit iatok, they
went to bury her, 2 Kings 9: 35.

hohpi, n., an interment; a burial; obse-
quies; sepulture.

hohpi, n., agrave digger; asexton; hohpi
at ikshokahioke, 2 Kings 9: 10.

hohtak, n., a pond; a beaver pond; a
lake, Luke 5: 1.

hohtak ushi, n.,a small pond; also name
of a creek.

hoiya, foiya, v. a. i., to drip; to leak;
to strain; to filter; hohoniya, 1 Sam. 14:
26, spoken of honey.

hoiya, pp., strained; filtered.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

hoiya, n., a leak; a drop.
hoiyachi, v. t., to strain; to filter; to
percolate.

_ hoiyachi, n., one who strains, filters, ete. ;

a straining.

hok, sign of past tense, having also an
adverbial meaning, as mintili hok; same
as tukoke, a contracted expression.

hokak, ete.; see ho and its compounds.

hokama, hokamba, conj., because.

hokbali, v. t., to warm over again, as
kafi hokbali, tanfula hokbali; hokba, pp.

hokbano, okbano, yokbano, sign of
optative mood; atyahokbano, ilahnishke,
only be along, Josh. 1:17; oh, that it
might be; hokbano ahni, 2 Tim. 1: 4;
hokbano is used without ahni in 2 Tim.
1:16, 18; 2:7; kbato, okbato, nom. case;
Ebano, okbano, obj. case.

hokbato, sign of optative mood, Luke
19: 42.

hokchi, v. t., to plant; to sow; tolay; toset;
as, onush hokchi; tanchi hokchi; ilahokchi,
to plant anything by itself, separated
from others; ahokchichi, vy. t., to sow
among other grain; ant ahokchichi, and
some other sort, Matt. 13: 25; see ata-
nachi, Judg. 16: 18; where Samson’s
seven locks were woven with the web,
i. e., two different things are woven
together.

hokchi, n., a planter; a sower.

hoke, a final particle of assertion from
ho and ke; an affirmative particle.

hokli, y. t., v. a. 1., to catch; to seize; to
lay hold of, Matt. 14: 3; to take; to
clasp; to entrap; to fasten; to gin; to
have; to ensnare; to noose, to trammel;
to trap; itimhokli, Mark 12: 3; hohonkli,
nasal form; hoyukli, pro. form; ikhoklo,
a., untaken.

hokli, n., a catcher; a seizer; a taker.

hokli, n., a seizure.

hoklichi, v. t., to cause to catch; to em-
ploy to catch.

hoklit aiissa, y. t., to ravish; to force;
to commit a rape; to violate, 2 Sam. 13:
12.

hoklit aiissa, n., a ravisher; a violator.

hoklit aiissa, n., a rape.

hokma, hiokma, if it shall (from hoand
kma, ho, is, kma, then, that), Matt. 11:
14; 12: 27;af Matt: 18: 8) 92afsshalll
Matt. 18: 15; hiokma is in the future,

BYINGTON ]

from he and okma; nana hokma, what
it be, Matt. 9: 18; yammakosh, that;
nana hokma, that, Matt. 10: 13; achi
hokma, when they ask, Josh. 4:6; hok-
ma, or, Matt. 10: 14, Josh. 1: 7; tamaha
hokmd, that house, or that city, nana
iskitini hokmd, chito hokmad nana kia,
1 Sam. 30; hokmdé as here used is
similar to the Latin suspensives.
Compounds: hokmak; hokmakbanoho-
ka those that be, Matt. 16: 23—hok-
maka—hokmakano — hokmakato — hok-
makhe—hokmakheno— hokmakhet — hok-
maketo—hokmako, then, Josh. 1: 15—
hokmakocha—hokmakoka—hokmakokano
—hokmakokat —hokmakokato —hokmak-
oke—hokmakokia—hokmakona—hokmak-
osh; ona hokmakosh, he were, Matt. 10:
22; 18: 6, 9; for then, Joshua 1: 8—
hokmakot—hokmano, hokmano; keyu hok-
mano, Matt. 10: 13; yohmihokmano, so
if then; then, Matt. 12: 28; 18: 16—
hokmat, if, Luke 4: 3; John 4: 10; chia-
hokmat, if thou art; Matt. 4: 3; shall,
Matt. 5: 19; when, Matt. 6: 3; banna-
hokmat, if he will, Matt. 16: 24; shall,
Matt. 18: 5; ishpikochawelihokmat, if
thou cast us out, Matt. 8: 31—hokmato.

hokofa, v. a. i. sing., to end; to close; to
come up, as in tow; to rest; to stanch;
to fail, Josh. 3: 16; itahokofa, to come
apart, Josh. 3: 13; ont ahokofa, v. a. i.,
to terminate.

hokofa, pp., ended, Josh. 4: 7; closed;
cut off; shut; stanched; terminated, ita-
hokofa, sandered; cut in two; unjointed.

hokofa, n., the end; the close.

hokoffi, v. t., to cut off, Matt. 18: 8; to
end; to rebuke, asa fever, in Luke 4:
39; to dock; toshut; to stanch; to ter-
minate; itahokofi, to sunder; to cut in
two; tounjoint; imahokofi vy. t., to si-
lence; see ahokoffi.

hokoffi, n., one that cuts off, ends, ete.

hokola, ady., also; of the same sort or
species; just like the other; used in
speaking of two sons-in-law.

hokola, vy. n., to be like the other.

hokoh, y. a. i. pl., to end; to come off;
to close.

hokoli, pp. pl., cut off; severed; ended;
eut in pieces; cut up; itahokoti, cut
apart.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

159

hokotichi, y. t., to sever; to cut off, as
logs; to cut up, as a tree; itahokotichi,
to sever them from each other; to
shorten, Mark 13: 20.

hokotichi, n. pl., those who cut off, or
sever.

hokulbi, a., moist; pliable; succulent;
wet, as land.

hokulbi, v. n., to be moist; to soften, as
a dry hide in water; wak hakshup at
hokulbi.

hokulbichi, y. t., to moisten; to render
pliable.

holabi, vy. a. i., to lie; to utter a falsehood;
to tell a lie; to belie; to fib; itimholabi,
to lie to each other.

holabi, a., lying; false; counterfeit; sham;
untrue; ititholabi, false to each other.

holabi, v. n., to be false, or counterfeit;
to fable; to falsify.

holabi, n., a lie; a falsehood; a fable; a
fabrication; a falsity; a fib; untruth; a
liar; a falsifier; a fibber; a recreant.

holabi, ady., untruly; falsely.

holabichi, y. t., to belie; to make a per-
son lie; to procure a liar; to falsify; to
suborn.

holabichi, n., a suborner.

holabit anoli, v. t., 1o misrepresent.

holabit anumpa kallo ilonuchi, y. t.,
to perjure; n., a perjurer.

holakshi, v. t., to lick.

holakshi, n., a licker.

holashki, y. a. i., to be thickened like
soap, etc., when made; applied to
honey and horehound boiled together.

holba, a., like; resembling; similar; alike;
itioba, a., similar; itiholba, like each
other; similar; ikitiholbo, differing from
each other; dissimilar; unlike; ikiti-
holbo, v. a. 1., to differ.

holba, v. n., to be like, or similar; to
appear, Matt. 6:8; 13: 24, 31; imholba,
to appear to them, Matt. 6: 18; itiholba,
to be like each other; v. a. i., to match;
ikitiholbo, to differ; itiholba, v. a. i., to
harmonize.

holba, vy. a. i., to savor; to span.

holba, n., an appearance; a shape; a like-
ness; resemblance; imitation; itioba,
n., a comparison; a figure; a form; an
image; a picture; seeming; semblance;
itiholba, n., harmony; similitude; iti-
holba keyu, n., odds.

160

holba, pp., imitated; made to resemble;
likened; compared together; resembled;
itiholba or itioba, a., made like each
other; kindred.

holba, ady., like.

holbachi, holbachi, vy. t., to imitate; to
savor; see hobachi; itiholbachi, to har-
monize; to resemble.

holbat toba, v. a. i., to become alike.

holbat toba, pp., made alike.

holbi, pp., boiled in the pod, skin, ete. ;
hobi, v. t.

holbi, n., that which is boiled.

holbichi, y. t., to cause to boil, or to be
boiled.

holhkunna, hulhkunna, n., a witch;
witchcraft.

holhpa, n., a burn; a scald; small blis-
ters.

holhpa, pp., scalded;
see hatak holhpa.

holhpalli, holhpali, y. t., to burn; to
nettle; see hatak holhpalli.

holhpela, pp., distributed; divided; dis-
pensed; hopela, v. t.

holhpela, n., a distribution; a division;
a portion, 1 Sam. 1: 5.

holhpena, holhpina, pp., counted; enu-
merated; numbered; hopena, v. t.

holhpena, n., enumeration; number;
count.

holhpokunna, holhpokna, yulhpoko-
na, v. a. i., to dream; to see visions;
holhpokuna, Matt. 1: 20.

holhpokunna, holhpokna, n., a dream.

holhpokunna, holhpokna,n., adreamer.

holhpokunnachi, v. t., to cause to dream.

holhponayo, v.a.i., tosee; toexercise the
power of seeing and not to look at sin-
gle objects.

holhponayo, n., eyesight.

holhponayochi, holhponayuchi, vy. t.,
to give eyesight; to cause to see, Luke
4:18.

holhponi, pp., cooked.

holhponi, n., victuals; commonly a dish
of boiled corn and beans; samp.

holhpusi, pp., pounded; brayed in a
mortar.

holhpusi, n., that which is brayed.

holhta, pp., separated from; taken out;
robbed, as bees are robbed; foe at holhta,
chukfi at holhta, ete.; hota, v. t.

holhta, n., that which is thus taken.

burnt; nettled;

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

holhtampi, n., a file or string; from
holhtapi.

holhtapi, pp., strung; filed; put on a line
or stick, as beads, birds, or fish, ete.; ho-
tampi, Vv. t., shikala holhtapi; holhtampi,
nasal form, being strung; holhtampi,
n., see above.

holhtena (from hotina), pp., numbered,
Matt. 10: 30; enumerated; counted;
computed; estimated; liquidated; reck-
oned; summed; valued; ikholhteno, pp.,
excluded; exempted; a., uncounted;
unnumbered.

holhtina, n., the number; the enumer-
ation; the census; the tale; the number
reckoned; figures; 2 Sam. 24: 2; Josh.
4: 8; holhtina totksali, to work figures, to
cipher; an estimation; a computation.

holhtina, vy. a. i., to become; to be reck-
oned as one of a multitude.

holhtina atapa, a., unnumbered.

holhtina hinla, a., numerable.

holhtinahe keyu, a., incalculable; in-
estimable; innumerable.

holihta or hollihta, pp., fenced; inclosed
by a fence; inclosed; ikaholihto, a., un-
fenced.

holihta, n., a fence; a yard; a barricade;
a lot; a court; a pen; wak irholihta, a
cow yard or lot; an inclosure.

holihta abel, vy. t. pl., to put into a lot,
yard, ete.

holihta apotaka, n., fence side; the side
of a fence.

holihta atiwa, n., an opening ina fence;
a gap in a fence.

holihta albiha, pp., pent; put up ina
yard.

holihta alhpoa albiha, n., a pasture.

holihta fohka, pp., penned; put in a
pen; holihta forhka, nasal form.

holihta fohki, y. t., to pen; to shut ina
pen; to confine in a small inclosure.

holihta halupa, pp., paled.

holihta halupa, n., a paling or picket
fence; a picket; a pallisade.

holihta halupa ikbi, y. t., to pale; to
picket; to make a pale or picket; to
pallisade.

holihta iksho, a., fenceless.

holihta isht alhkama, n., a gate; a
gate belonging to a fence.

holihta itafena, pp., staked, as a fence.

holihta itafena, n., a staked fence.

:
4

BYINGTON |

holihta itafenali, v. t., to stake a fence.

holihta itintakla, n., a lane between
fences.

holihta kallo, n., a fort; a pallisade; a
palisado; a bulwark; a fortification; a
fortress; a rampart; a fastness; a garri-
son; a parapet; a stockade; a ward; a
stronghold, 2 Sam. 24: 7.

holihta kallo ikhbi, v. t., to fortify; to
make a fort.

holihta kallo isht okpani, n., a batter-
ing ram.

holihta okhisa, n., a gate; the opening
through a fence for passing in and out,
N@sle 2 Ue

holihta okhisa achushkachi, n., the
bars of a gate, or such as are used in-
stead of a gate.

holihta okhisa aiachushkachi, n., bar
holes in a post.

holihta okhowataka, holihta okfoa-
taka, n., the side of a fence, lot, yard,
ete.

holihta okpani, vy. t., to unfence; to de-
stroy a fence.

holihta pata, n., rails; fencing stuff.

holihta yi®@yiki, n., a worm fence; a Vir-
ginia fence; a crooked fence.

holihtachi, y. t., to fence; to make a
fence; to put up a fence; to empale; to
immure; toinclose; to rail, Mark 12:1.

holihtachi, n., one that makes a fence.

holihtalhto, pp., folded; penned.

holihtani, v. t., to fold; to pen.

holihtani, n., a folder; one that folds.

holihtushi, n., asmall pen; a small lot.

holilabi, a., rabid; mad.

holilabi, v. n., to be rabid, ete.

holilabi, n., hydrophobia; frenzy.

holillabi, a., gluttonous; greedy.

holissa hinla, a., expressible.

holissichi, see holissochi.

holissikbi, see holisso ikbi.

holisso, pp., written; recorded; entered
in a book; composed; expressed; in-
dited; lettered; marked; minuted; nar-
rated; noted; penned; printed; holi-
hinso, freq.; aholihinso, Josh. 1: 8,
written therein; o”holisso, engraved;
inscribed; written on; ik/olisso, a., un-
written.

holisso, n., a book; a writing; a letter; a
paper; a volume; a brief; the Bible;
Scripture, Luke 4: 21; a character; a

84339°—Bull. 46—15——11

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

161

letter or figure used to form words; a
composition; an essay; a dissertation;
a gazette; handwriting; an instrument;
a ledger; a manuscript; a mark to
shoot at made of paper; a note; o”ho-
lisso, an inscription; a minute; a maga-
zine; a pamphlet; a pass; a passport;
a permit; a piece; a print; a receipt;
a record; a remark; a roll; a safe con-
duct; a schedule; Scripture; a suffrage;
a table; a title; a tome; a transcript; a
treatise; a volume; a vote; a warrant;
a work; isht holisso, of whom it is writ-
ten, Matt. 11: 10.

holisso ahikia, n., a book shelf.

holisso aiasha, n., a library;
shelves; a place for books.

holisso aialbiha shukcha, n., a pocket-
book

holisso aialhto, n., a bookcase; a book
basket, box, etc.; a mail; a letter bag;
a satchel.

holisso aiikbi, n., a printing office; a
paper mill.

holisso aiitatoba, n., a book store.

holisso aiithana, n., a place of learn-
ing; a seat of learning, or knowledge.

holisso aiithana, n., a school; a place
in which persons are instructed in
learning; an institution; a lyceum.

holisso aiithana chito, n., a college;
an academy.

holisso aiithana (or aiikhana) chuka,
n., a schoolhouse; an academy.

holisso aiithananchi, n., a place of in-
struction in books.

holisso aiitimanumpuli, v. t., to read a
book; to talk with a book; Matt. 12:4, 5.

holisso akaha, n., a book shelf.

holisso alapalachi, y. t., to paper, as a
room.

holisso alapali, pp., papered.

holisso anumpa atakali, n., a register.

holisso apisa, n., a study; a school; a
lyceum; aschool room; a schoolhouse.

holisso apisa akucha, n., vacation.

holisso apisa chito, n., a large school;
a college.

holisso apisa chuka, n., a schoolhouse;
an academy.

holisso asilhha, n., a written request; a
petition.

holisso atakali, n., aerecord.

holisso atakalichi, y. t., to schedule.

book

162 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

holisso atalaia, n., a book shelf.

holisso ataloa,n.,a hymn book; a psalm
book.

holisso ataloha, n., book shelves.

holisso atoba, n., a paper mill; a type.

holisso alhtoba, n., postage; price of a
letter, book, ete.

holisso alhtoba iksho, n., a frank.

holisso bahta chito fohki, v. t., to mail
a letter.

holisso hakshup iksho, n., a pam-
phlet.

holisso hochifot itimanumpuli, v. t.,
to spell.

holisso holitopa, n., a sacred book or
writing; the Bible; often applied also
to treaties and communications from
the government; Scripture; the Testa-
ment.

holisso holitopa holissochi, n., an evan-
gelist; a sacred writer; a sacred pen-
man.

holisso holitopa takali, a., scriptural.

holisso ibapisa, n., a book mate; a class-
mate; a fellow student; a schoolmate.

holisso ikaholisso, n., a blank; a void
space on paper.

holisso ikbi, y. t., to print; to makea
book; to write; to publish.

holisso ikbi, holissikbi, n., book mak-
ing; the author of a book; one who
makes a book; a printer; an editor; a
paper maker; a bookman.

holisso ikhana, holisso ithana, n., a
scholar; scholarship.

holisso ikhana, pp., educated.

holisso ikithano, a., uneducated; un-
read; unschooled.

holisso imanumpuli, y. t., to read; to
read aloud from a book, Luke 4: 16.

holisso imanumpuli, n., a reader.

holisso imponna, n., a scholar; one
skilled in books.

holisso intannap achafa, n., a page.

holisso iskitini, n., a small letter; a line;
a manual; a note.

holisso isht akamassa, n., a water; seal-
ing wax.

holisso isht akallo, n., a wafer; sealing
wax.

holisso isht anumpuli, vy. t., to talk
about a book, writing, a letter, ete.

holisso isht ashana, n., a wafer; sealing
wax. e

[ BULL. 46

holisso isht alhkama, n., a wafer.

holisso isht baska, n., a card used in
games.

holisso isht kashoffi, n., rubber; India
rubber.

holisso isht ta™fa, n., a ruler; an instru-
ment by which lines are drawn on
paper.

holisso i2shukcha, n., a pocket book; a
letter bag.

holisso i2shushi, n., a book worm.

holisso ithana, holisso ikhana, v. t., to
understand a book.

holisso ithana, pp., taught; learned;
holisso ikithano, pp., untaught; un-
learned; a., illiterate.

holisso ithana, v. t., to learn; ‘‘to learn
the book.”

holisso ithana, n., a learner; a student;
a scholar.

holisso ithananchi, y. t., to teach a
knowledge of books; to teach; toschool.

holisso ithananchi, holisso ithanan-
chi, n., a teacher; a school teacher; an
institutor; an instructor; a professor.

holisso ithananchi, n., schooling.

holisso itibapisa, v. t., tostudy together.

holisso itibapisa, n., a fellow-student;
a fellow-scholar.

holisso itimanumpuli, v. t., to read; to
read a book; to spell.

holisso itimanumpuli, n., a reader.

holisso kanchi, y. t., to sell a book or
books.

holisso kanchi, n., a book seller; a sta-
tioner.

holisso kallo, n., a writ.

holisso lapalichi, v. t., to enlist; to re-
cord.

holisso lapushki, n., a bank bill; a bank
note; paper money.

holisso lapushki ikbi, n., a cashier.

holisso lapushki ikbi, y. t., to make
bank bills.

holisso lapushki okpulo, n., a counter-
feit note.

holisso lapushki okpulo ikbi, vy. t., to
counterfeit paper money.

holisso Hlaia, n., a piece of torn paper;
a slip of paper; a bit of paper; a ticket;
a butt, used as a mark; a certificate,
because written on a small piece of

paper.

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BYINGTON ]

holisso nan anoli, n., a story; a story
book.

holisso nowat aya, n., a newspaper.

holisso nowat a®ya alhtoba, n., post-
age.

holisso nowat a®ya inchuka, n., a
post-office.

holisso nowat a™ya.ishi, n., a post-
master.

holisso okpulo, n., a bad book; waste
paper; a scrawl.

holisso o®lipa, n., a book cover.

holisso o®lipa ikbi, n., a bookbinder.

holisso pata, n., a spread paper; a paper
spread out.

holisso pata achafa, n., a page in a
book.

holisso pisa, vy. t., to study a book; to
study; to attend school; to read.

holisso pisa, n., a scholar; a pupil; a
student; a book man.

holisso pisa alhtoba, n., schooling.

holisso pisa imponna, a., book learned.

holisso pisa shali, n., a book worm.

holisso pisa shah, a., bookish; given to
learning.

holisso pisachi, v. t., to teach; to keep
a school; to show the books.

holisso pisachi, n., a teacher; an in-
structor; a schoolmaster; a pedant; an
usher.

holisso puta, n., a scroll; a sheet of
paper.

holisso pula pokoli tuklo akucha
ushta, n., a ream of paper.

holisso shali, n., a postman.

holisso shali fohki, v. t., to mail.

holisso shali foka, pp., mailed.

holisso shali inchuka, n., a post-office.

holisso takali, pp., recorded; entered in
a book; booked; slated.

holisso takalichi, y. t., to slate; to re-
cord; to enter in a book; to book; to
register; n., a recorder.

holisso talakchi achafa,n., a ream of
paper.

holisso tohbi, n., white paper; writing
paper.

holisso umpatha, n., a book cover.

holissochi, holissichi, y. t., to write; to
compose; to draft; to draw; to express;
to indite; to letter; to limn; to mark;
to narrate; to note; to pen; to pencil;
to print; to scrawl; toscribble; to sign;

A DICTIONARY OF THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 163

to table; to take; to value; to venerate;
hollisonchi, nas. form, holissohonchi,
freq., Matt. 2: 5; John 1: 45; itinholis-
sochi, to correspond; o®holissochi, v. t.,
to inscribe.

holissochi, n., an amanuensis; a writer;
a scribe; a clerk; a scrivener; a chirog-
rapher; a composer; a copier; a pen-
man; handwriting, as B. holissochioka
B’s handwriting; a marker; a penner;
a printer; a recorder; a secretary; na
holissochi, a scribe, Matt. 7: 29.

holissochi ikhananchi, n., a writing
master.

holisscchit anoli, y. t., to certify; to
communicate by letter.

holishki, y. a. i., to be thick, glutinous,
like dried oil, or like paste or mush.

holitobli, v. t., v. a. i., to love; to rever-
ence; to respect; to bless; to worship,
John 4: 21; to honor, Matt. 15: 4, 5; to
keep holy; to magnify; to observe; to
regard; to revere; to serve, Matt. 6: 24;
to keep, Josh. 5: 10, 11; to keep a birth-
day, Matt. 14: 6; to fear, Josh. 4: 14, 24;
holittobli, intensive form; ileholitobli, to
respect one’s self; itiholitobli, to love
each other; imholitobli, to make sacred
before him, so that he may not profane
it, like the tree of life in Eden.

holitobli, n., a lover; a worshiper; love;
an honorer; a magnifier; ileholitobli,
self-respect; self-esteem.

holitobli keyu, a , unvalued.

holitoblichi, y. t. caus., to set apart as
sacred; to celebrate; to consecrate; to
dedicate; to dignify; to ennoble; to en-
rich; to esteem; to exalt; to glorify; to
grace; to hallow; to illustrate; to pre-
fer; to sanctify; to solemnize; to sub-
lime; to magnify, Josh. 3: 7; 4:14; to
give glory to, Josh. 7:19.

holitoblichi, n., a sanctifier.

holitoblichit isht anumpuli, vy. t., to
eulogize; to extol.

holitoblit aia®tichi, vy. t., to serve, Luke
4:8.

holitoblit aiokpachi, vy. t., to worship,
Luke 4:7; to glorify, Luke. 5: 25; to
homage.

holitoblit hofantichi, y. t., to cherish.

holitoblit isht anumpa, n., an eulogy;
a panegyric.

164 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

holitoblit isht anumpuli, v. t., to cele-
brate; to panegyrize; to praise.

holitoblit isht anumpuli, n., a celebra-
tion.

holitompa, n., eminence; a high rank;
a prince; anoble; okla ha” irholitompa,
Josh. 9: 15.

holitompa, a., reputable; holy, nana kat
holitompa kano, that whichis holy, Matt.
7: 6; na holitompa isht a”sha, a priest,
Matt. 8: 4.

holitopa, pp., a., dear; valuable; estima-
ble; excellent; glorious; holy; honora-
ble; illustrious; magnificent; near; pre-
cious; reverend; royal; sacred; solemn;
splendid; sublime; sumptuous; venera-
ble; worthy; Matt. 10: 31; Matt. 12:
12; sacred; beloved, Matt. 17: 5; holy,
Josh. 5: 15; rich; august; hallowed;
Matt. 6: 9; good, Matt. 6: 26; choice;
honored; blessed; consecrated; darling;
ennobled; enriched; esteemed; ex-
alted; graced; glorified; illustrated;
respected; revered; sainted; sanctified;
valued; venerated; ikholitopo, honor-
less; unhallowed; unholy; unhonored;
unwealthy; isht aholitopa, nan isht ima-
holitopa, glory of them, Matt. 4: 8; na
holitopa, u., a pearl, Matt. 7: 6; holittopa,
intensive form; iti”holitopa, dear to each
other or to love each other; i”holitopa,
n., his saints, 1 Sam. 2: 9; inholitopa,
dear to him, or to love him; to rever-
ence; i”holitopa, n., his dear friend;
holitompa, nas. form; holitohompa, freq.
form; holitoywpa, pro. form.

holitopa, n., riches; glory; that whichis
sacred; credit; honor; dearness; dig-
nity; exaltation; grandeur; highness;
holiness; love; magnitude; majesty;
merit; reputation; repute; sanctity;
splendor; sublimity; value; worship;
worth; worthiness.

holitopa atapa, a., inestimable; invalu-
able; unvalued.

holitopa banna, n., cupidity.

holitopachi, v. t. caus., to glorify, John
12: 28; ilaholitopachi, to glorify himself,
John 12: 28.

holitopat, adv.,
worthily.

holitopat annoa, n., glory.

holitopat hofanti, pp., cherished.

sacredly; solemnly;

[ BULL. 46

holitopat isht anumpa, pp., celebrated;
eulogized.

holiya, see holuya.

hollihta, see holihta.

hollo, pp., drawn on; put on, as shoes,
boots, stockings; holo, v. t. (q. v.).

hollo, n., a pair, or that which is drawn
on, as stockings upon the feet; shulush
hollo achafa.

hollo, hullo, vy. n., to have the monthly
flow or discharge, as a female.

hollo, n., menses; the monthly flow of
females.

hollohpi, pp., entombed, hollopili, I en-
tomb; ahollohpi, n., a grave.

hollokmi, holukmi, pp., burnt; fired;
scalded; lwak isht hollokmi, burned in
the fire, Matt. 13: 40; ikholokmo, a.,
unburnt.

hollopi, holohpi, pp., buried; interred;
entombed; ikhollopo, a., unburied; not
interred.

holmo, pp., covered; roofed; housed;
shingled.

hoimo, n., a roof; a covering.

holo, y. t., to draw on; to put on (one-
self), as shoes, boots, moccasins, stock-
ings, pantaloons; hoyolo, Josh. 9: 5.

holochi, vy. t., to put shoes, etc., upon
another. See Luke 15: 22.

holohpi, see hollopi.

holokchi, pp., planted; sown; nana im-
aholokchitukash, Matt. 18: 19; na holok-
chi, n., a plant.

holopi, pp., stocked; hafted; helved.

holoti, holotti, pp., wound, as feathers
on the small end of an arrow; holoti, n.

holufka, pp., sunned; dried; aired; 7k-
holufko; a., unsunned.

holufka, n., that which is sunned.

holukmi, n., a burn; aconflagration; see
hollokmi. ;

holu4si, holussi, a., brown, dark brown;
turning black; 7si at holwnsi.

holutsi, v. n., to be brown; aholunsi, v. t.,
to blacken; to color black.

holussi, halussi, pp., pounded; brayed;
beaten.

holussi, n., that which is beaten.

holushmi, pp., burnt; fired.

holushmi, n., that which is burnt; a
burning; a conflagration.

hot 7 2 -, meee

eee eo

BYINGTON]

holuya, holiya, v. a.i., to drip; to leak;
to filtrate; to run through; to distill; to
drain; to dribble; to filter; to percolate.

holuya, n., a dripping.

holuya, pp., distilled; filtrated; strained;
filtered; percolated; ikholuyo, a., un-
strained.

holuyachi, vy. t., to drain; to leach; to
filtrate; to percolate; to strain.

hol, n., a wedge or bar (of metal); see
Osment: 2 24.

homaiyi, n., carnation; red; purple.

homaiyi, hummaiyi, a., reddish; red;
fallow, as a deer; purple.

homaiyi, v. n., to be reddish or red.

homaiyichi, v. t., to make reddish; to
color red; to purple; to empurple.

homakbi, n. pl., a purple.

homakbi, a. pl., reddish; purple; brown.

homakbichi, y. t., to make purple; to
color purple.

homechi, v. t., to season, Mark 9: 50; to
embitter; to make bitter or strong, as a
liquid, etc.; to turn sour, etc.; to sour;
to make sour, acrid, bitter, etc.; ho-
minichi, nasal form; ikhomecho, neg.
form; to dilute; to weaken; to reduce.

homechi, a., sour; somewhat sour or
bitter; sourish; frowy; harsh.

homi, pp., soused; made bitter; embit-
tered; turned; ikhomo, pp., reduced;
diluted, as spirits; a., weak; ikhomoki-
taha, a., vapid.

homi,a., bitter; sour; acrid; strong; smart;
acetous; ardent; fiery; astringent; brack-
ish; hard; poignant; pungent; racy;
sharp; tart.

homi, v. a. i., to prick; to become acid;
to sour.

homi, v. n., to be bitter, etc.

homi, n., bitterness; pungency; sharp-
ness; tartness.

homi chohmi, a., somewhat bitter; sour-
ish.

homi chohmiy, vy. n., to be somewhat bit-
ter, etc.

homi fehna, a., virulent.

homilhha, a., sourish, like a bad taste in
in the mouth from indigestion.

homma, see humma.

homo, v. t., to cover; to shingle; to roof;
to house.

homo, n., one who roofs, shingles, etc.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

165

honatla, pp. pl., nailed; strung; pierced;
anata, sing.

honayo, honnayoh, a., wild; untamed;
shy; ikhonayo, tame; not wild.

honayo, v.n., to be wild, etc.; ikhonayo,
neg. form.

honayo, n., shyness, wildness; ikhonayo,
gentleness; tameness; mansuetude.

honali, v. t. pl., to pierce; to sting; nati,
sing.

honatichi, vy. t., to nail; analichi, sing.;
itahonatichi, to tack together.

honammona, v. t., to parboil.

honi, honni, v. t., to cook; to seethe; to
prepare food for the table; to boil;
to prepare for use; to brew; to decoct;
to distill; to extract; to stew.

honi, n., a cook; a boiler; a person who
boils.

honichi, v. t., caus., to make her cook.

honnayoh, see honayo.

honni, pp., cooked; boiled; seethed;
brewed; distilled; extracted; stewed;
sodden; 1 Sam. 2: 15; ikhonno, a., un-
boiled.

honni, n., food; victuals; that which has
been cooked, boiled, etc.; a stew.

honola, v. t., to twist.

honola, n., a twister.

hononammona, pp., parboiled.

honula, pp., twisted.

honula, v. a. i., to twist (it twists).

honula, honnula, n., a twist; pala i™hon-
nula lua, the wick of a candle, Matt.
12: 20; ‘‘smoking flax.”’

hopahki, subpositive form; farish; some-
what far.

hopaii, n., a prophet; apriest; a military
leader or captain; a captain-general; a
general; a war chief; a war prophet; a
major-general; aseer; an augur; Matt.
1: 22: 10: 41; 11: 9; 12: 17-18; 14: 5.

hopaii puta, n., the prophets, Matt.7: 12.

hopakachi, see hopakichi.

hopaki, n., a distance; alength of time; a
remove; a while, Matt. 13: 21; tkho-
pako, n., a spell; a short time.

hopaki, a., distant as to time or place;
remote; far away; far off; far; Josh. 8:4;
a long way; a long time; old, Matt. 13:
52; removed.

hopaki, v. n., to be distant; imhopaki, to
be far from it; hopakishke, Matt. 15: 8.

166 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

hopaki, adv., for a long time; for a long
way; far; late; long; remotely; wide;
widely; hopaki tahachin, it will last a
long time.

hopaki achafa, n.,a minute; one minute.

hopaki fehna, ady., farthest.

hopaki i#shali, a., farther; longer as to
time; farthest.

hopaki kash, adv., long ago, Matt.11: 21.

hopakichechi, y. t., to cause to go far
off, or to delay a long time.

hopakichi, hopakachi, vy. a. i., to make
off to a distance, said of horses that
stray—said of water, Josh. 3: 16; v. t.,
to make it a long time; to delay; himak
foka hopakichit tati; hopakinchi, v. t.;
hopakint, Gen. 37: 18.

hopakichit, adv., widely.

hopakichit habli, v. a. i., to stride.

hopakikma, y. n., in the sub. mood, but
rendered adverbially by and by, after
a while, in a short time.

hopakikmako, y. n., sub. mood, when
it shall be a time; adv., in a short
time; after a while; by and by.

hopatsa, hoa®sa, huatsa, howatsa,

hauatsa, y.t., to chew; to champ; to
chaw; to grind; to masticate; v. a.i., to
ruminate; isht hopansa, y. t., to rumi-
nate.

hopatsa, n., a cud; a chaw.

hopatuloa, n., a war whoop.

hopalhka, a. pl., wide.

hopatka, a. pl., patha,
broad.

hopatka, v. n. pl., to be wide; to be
broad.

hopatka, n., breadth; width.

hopatkalli, v. t., to make broad, Matt.
2a: ¢

hopela, vy. t., to distribute; to divide;
to deal; to lot; to give alms, Acts 10:
4, 31; itinhopela, v. t., to divide among
them; to dispense; hoyupela, pro. form;
itithoyupela.

hopela, n., a distributer; a divider.

hopena, vy. t., to count; to number; to
enumerate; to appoint the time for a
meeting by counting the previous days;
to numerate.

hopena, n., a counter; an appointer; a
numerator.

hopena, n., numeration.

sing., wide;

[ BULL. 46

hopi, hohpi, ohpi, v. t., to stock; to haft;
to helve, etc.; to puta handle upon any
edge tool; to put woodwork to iron or
steel tools or instruments; ulhpi, olhpi,
pp.

hopi, hohpi (q.v.), v. t., to bury, etc.; to
sepulcher.

hopoa, hopoba, a., hungry.

hopoa, v. n., to be hungry; v. a.i., to
hunger; to starve.

hopoa, hopoba, n., famine; hunger; star-
vation; impotency.

hopochi, y. t., to hoe corn for the last
time; to hill corn; ‘‘to lay it by;”
hopochichi; yakni av isht hopochichi, to
hoe up small hills; see apolichi.

hopochi, v. a.i., to arrive at a middle
state, as corn; to grow to the size when
corn is ‘‘laid by’’ by farmers.

hopochi, n., corn at that age; the state
of corn at that time.

hopohka, vy. t., to graze; to pick food
with the mouth, as horses and cattle
or fowls; or as a man picks meat from
a bone with his mouth.

hopohka, n., a picker; one that picks
or grazes.

hopohkachi, v. t., to graze; to feed on
grass; to cause another to pick.

hopoiksa, see hopoksia.

hopo®koyo, v. a. i., to see; to behold;
to look; to view; to watch, as a wild
beast, Matt. 11: 5; 2Sam. 24: 20; Josh.
5:13. Thedifference between hopokoyo
and pisa may be this: hopo"koyo is to
look, in general, or to see, but pisa is a
more definite use of the eye, as can
you see (generally)? and can you see it
(particularly)?

hopo®koyo, n., sight; eyesight; a look-
out.

hopo"koyo ikimachukmo, a., dim; not
having good eyesight.

hopo®koyo shahi, a., watchful.

hopoksa, a., wise.

hopoksa, y. n., to be wise.

hopoksa, n., wisdom; discretion; moral-
ity; rectitude; sapience.

hopoksia, hopoiksa, hopoyuksa, a.,
wise; prudent; good; well-disposed;
chaste; civil; coy; considerate; conti-
nent; discreet; judicious; humble;
moral; righteous; sage; witty, ohoyo

BYINGTON |

hopoyuksa, a chaste woman; ikhopoyu-
kso, a., ill-bred; impolite; impolitic;
imprudent; indiscreet; injudicious; un-
civilized.

hopoksia, hopoiksa, hopoyuksa,V. a.i.,
to behave well; ikhopoyukso, v. a. i., to
misbehave; vy. n., to be wise or prudent;
ikhopoyukso, to be ill-bred; hopoksiali;
hopoyuksali in ilehopoyuksali, 1 Sam. 18:
14, 30.

hopotksia, hopoitksa, hopoyu"ksa,
nasal form; the righteous; those who
are righteous.

hopoksiachi, vy. t. caus., to make wise;
to civilize; to make good; to cause him
to conduct well; to moralize.

hopoksiachi, n., a reformer.

hopola, a., quiet; peaceable; good na-
tured; tranquil; peaceful; ikhopoto, a.,
unconsoled; unreconciled.

hopola, y. n., to be quiet, peaceful, or
tranquil.

hopola, v. a. i., to become tranquil; to
become quiet or good-natured; to sub-
side.

hopota, pass, to be quieted, allayed,
soothed, assuaged, comforted, com-
posed, conciliated, healed, solaced,
Matt. 2:17, 18; 5: 4.

hopota, n., acomfort; a solace.

hopolahe keyu, a., irreconcilable.

hopotachi, v. t., to comfort; to quiet;
to pacify; to tranquilize; to allay; to
appease; to soothe; toassuage; to com-
pose; to propitiate.

hopotachi, n., a comforter, ete.; a pro-
pitiator.

hopoialli, v. t., to tranquilize; to com-
fort, etce.; to quiet; to conciliate; to
console; to heal; to nourish; to pacify;
to propitiate; to silence; to solace.

hopotalli, n., a comforter.

hoponi, v. t., to cook.

hoponi, n., a cook.

hoponti, y. a. i., to blow smoke through
the nose.

hopoyuksa, pp., reclaimed; ikhopoyukso,
a., unreformed; untamed; unwise; wild;
see hopoksia.

hopoyuksa, adv., wisely.

hopoyuksa, n., chastity; ohoyo hopoyuksa,
a woman of chastity; ikhopoyukso, n.,
ill-breeding; imprudence; wildness;

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

167

hopoyuksaka, in Solomon imisht ahopo-
yuksaka, wisdom of Solomon, Matt.
12:42; the righteous, Matt 13: 43; the
just, Matt. 13:49; wisdom, 1 Kings
10: 238, 24.

hopoyuksa keyu, a., uncivil; unman-
nerly.

hopoyuksahe keyu, a., untamable.

hopoyuksalechi, vy. t., to reclaim.

hopoyuksalli, vy. t., to civilize; to con-
vert.

hopoyuksalli, n., a civilizer.

hoppi, see hohpi.

hopulbona, n., a priest’s sacred bag.

hopumpoyo, vy. a. i. pl., to see; to look
about; to exercise the power of seeing,
Luke 18: 41.

hopunayo, y. a. 1. sing., to see; to look
about; to take one look; ikhoponayo,
blind, Matt. 15: 30.

hopu®si, vy. t., to bray; to pound.

hopu2si, n., one that brays or pounds.

hosh, a particle used to connect words,
and having the meaning of the verb to
be in the 3d person (see osh in hoshkin)
ilap banna hoshkin.

hoshi®ko, see hoshunka.

hoshila, hoshela, n., a sty.

hoshilabi, v.i., tohaveasty; hoshilasabi,
I have a sty.

hoshinti, see hoshonti

hoshintika, see hoshontika.

hoshi®shi, n., a quill; a feather.

hoshi®shi patalhpo, n., a feather bed;
a feather pallet.

hoshi®shi patalhpo topa,n., a feather
bed.

hoshi®shi topa, n., a feather bed.

hoshontakapi, see hoshontikiyt.

hoshonti, y. a. i., to cloud.

hoshonti, pp., clouded.

hoshonti, hoshinti, n., a cloud, Matt.
17:5; a shade; a shadow of an inani-
mate thing; hatak lawa hoshonti chiyuh-
mi; aiilli aiothoshonti, shadow of death,
Luke 1: 79

hoshonti, a., cloudy.

hoshonti pit tikeli, hoshonti pit bi-
keli, y. t., to reach the clouds.

hoshonti pit tikeli, a., cloud capped.

hoshonti toba, v. a. i., to cloud up; to
become cloudy.

hoshonti toba, pp., clouded.

168 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

hoshonti yabata, n., flying clouds.

hoshontichi, v. t., to becloud; to cause
a shade or clouds to appear; to cloud;
to darken, Matt. 16: 3.

hoshontichi, v. n., it is cloudy.

hoshontika, hoshintika, n., the shade
of inanimate objects, Matt. 17: 5; a
cloud; a piazza; a canopy; an arbor; a
bower; a gallery; a hood; a porch; a
shade; a shed; a shadow, of a thing,
not an animal; umbrage.

hoshontika, a., shady; umbrageous.

hoshontika, pp.; o"hoshontika, shaded;
ikhoshontiko, a., uncloudy; unshaded.

hoshontika, v. a. i., to shade.

hoshontika ashachi, v. t., to embower.

hoshontika laua, a., shady; having
much shade.

hoshontikachi, v. t., to make a shade;
to shade; ili o“hoshontikachi, to make a
shade over himself; isht hoshontikachi,
to screen with; o”hoshontikachi, v. t., to
overshadow, Matt. 17: 5; to shade.

hoshontikilhkiki, n., broken, thin
cloud; ‘‘mackerel”’ clouds.

hoshontikiyi, hoshontakapi, n., a pi-
azza post; a rafter.

hoshontoba, n., a scud.

hoshu® aialhto, hochu® a®lhto, n., the
bladder; see imokato.

hoshu®ka, hoshi®ko, n., the beard of
grain, or the matter on some weeds
which irritates the flesh if it lodges in
the shirt, ete.

hoshunluk, hishunluk, n., bran; na hi-
shunluk, a mote, Matt. 7: 3, 4.

hoshu®wa, vy. a.i., to state; to discharge
urine; to void water; to urinate; to
water; to ‘‘make water.”’

hoshu®wa, n., urine; the liquor secreted
in the bladder; chamber lye.

hoshu"wa aminti, n., the urethra.

hoshu"wa shah, n., the diabetes.

hota, adv., probably; it may be; it seems
so; ilap akinli hota?

hota, v. t., to separate; to take away, as
bran from the meal by the hand; to
take honey from the bees by the hand;
foe hota; chukfi hota.

hotachi; see ponola ahotachi.

hotampi (see hothtapi, pp.), v. t., to
string; to file; to put on a string, as
beads, birds, fish, ete.

[BULL. 46

hotampi, n., a filing.

hotampi, n., one who files, strings, ete.

hotapi, v. t., to string beads or fish;
hotampi, nas. form; holhtapi pass.

hotepa, imp. pl., go ahead; start off; go
first; go on; mia, imp. sing.; hotimpa,
nasal form.

hotilhko, v. n., to cough; to have a cough
or cold.

hotilhko, n., a cough; a cold.

hotilhko fitka, n., the whooping cough.

hotilhko fitka, y. n., to have the whoop-
ing cough.

hotilhkot tofa, vy. t., to expectorate.

hotina, hotehna (Rey. 7:9), hotihna,
hotinna, v. t., to count; to number;
to enumerate; to cast up; to reckon up;
to compute; to calculate; to take a cen-
sus; to account; to cipher; to estimate;
to foot; to liquidate; to rate; to settle;
to tell; to value; to number, 2 Sam.
24:2; Josh. 8:10; holhtina, pp.; ikhoteno,
y.t., to exclude; to exempt; ibahotina;
itibahotina, vy. a. i., to enlist; hotihinna,
freq.; hotiena, pro. form.

hotina, n., a counter; a calculator; a
computer; a caster; a teller; an arith-
metician; a numerator.

hotina, n., numeration; a reckoning.

hoto®, adv., in nan tiht koa hoton?

hotofi, hotuffi, v. t. sing., to untie; to un-
bind; to unwind; to loose, Matt. 16: 19;
Mark 11: 2, 4; holhtufa, pp.

hotofi, n., one that enters.

hotoka, see hitoka.

hotokbi, hotukbi, a., moist; damp; be-
ing not quite dry; not so wet as hokolbi ;
pp-, damped.

hotokbi, vy. n., to be moist, damp; nipi
at hotokbi, from a gentle perspiration.

hotokbichi, hotukbichi (J. E.), v. t., to
moisten; to dampen.

hotokohmi, see hotukohmi.

hotokok, see hotukok.

hotohi, pp. pl., untied; unbound, etc.

hototichi, vy. t. pl., to untie; to unbind.

hotonti, n., a frost.

hotonti, a., frosty.

hotonti, v. n., to be frosty; to have a
frost; there is a frost.

hotontichi, y. t., to cause a frost.

hoto¥si, hoto"sichi, y. t., to prepare a
bait for beaver.

hoto®sichi, n., a baiter for beaver.

BYINGTON ]

hotti, v. t., to wind or bind feathers on
the end of an arrow; holoti, pp. (q. v-).-

hotuk; chithanalihotukokeh, 1 reckon I
should know you; mihahotuk, he says
what he should not say; mihahotuk for
mihahotukohmi.

hotuk, hotok, a Chickasaw word.

hotukbi, see hotokbi.

hotukla, hitukla (q. v.), a., second.

_ hotukohmi, hotokohmi, adv., proba-
bly, John 20: 16; Luke 22: 41; Gen.
21: 16.

hotukok, hotokok, adv., probably.

hotuma, (compounded of the particle ho
or hoh and tuma), ady. of doubt, Luke
2: 49; ishpimabachi hotuma, John 10:
34; Matt. 17: 26; hotwmashke, see tuma,
here it isa word of certainty; 1 Sam.
30: 24; Acts 11: 18; Deut. 4: 7, 8; see
hatuma.

hotupa, hutupa, huttupa, v. n., v.a.i.,
to ache; to be in pain; to throe; to
travail; to twinge.

hotupa, n., a hurt; a pain; an offense; a
pang; persecution; smart; a sore; a
throe; torture; travail.

hotupa, pp., hurt; wounded; injured;
harmed; persecuted.

hotupa, a., sore; painful;
unhurt.

hotupachi, v. t., to hurt; to wound; to
injure.

hotupali, vy. t., to hurt; to wound; to
abuse; to give pain; to inflict an in-
jury; to injure; to harm; to outrage; to
pain; to persecute; to torture; to twinge;
chukash hotupali, to wound the feelings;
to affront; to insult.

hotupali, n., a hurter; a persecutor; a
wounder.

hotupali, n., persecution; a wounding.

howatsa, see hopansa.

hoyapa, a., not strong; sleazy; not woven
strong, as shukbo at hoywpa.

hoyapa, v. n., to be sleazy.

hoyabli, v. n., to be weary; Matt. 9: 36;
ahoyabli, Matt 6: 28; to be faint; saho-
yabli, | am weary.

hoyabli, a., weary.

hoyabli, pp., wearied.

hoyablichi, y. t., to tire; to weary; to
make weary.

hoyo, v. t., to look after; to hunt; to
search for; to seek; to inquire after; to

ikhotupo,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

169

ask for; to expect; to await; to wait
for; to course; to demand; to invite; *
to quest; to summon; imahoyo, to take
or demand of, Matt. 17: 25; to seek,
Matt. 18: 12; 13: 45; to seek to call,
Matt. .2: 1d Gea2 oa leis Lbs" 32:
Luke 2: 25; hot, cont., as hot ia, imp.,
go and look after it; go in quest of; hot
ala, imp., go and bring it; come after
or for; ikhoyo, a., unsought.

hoyo, v. t., to harvest; to gather fruits,
John 4: 35; to pry; to scan; to search;
to seek; to watch; to look for, ehoyokma,
or do we look for, Matt. 11: 3.

hoyo, n., a search; a hunt; a quest.

hoyo, n., a seeker; a gatherer; an in-
quirer; a demander; an expectant; an
expecter; a hunter; a searcher; na
hoyo, the harvest; ahoyo, the place of
seeking; a harvest ground, etc.; see
Matt. 9: 38.

hoyo fehna, v. t., to re-search.

hoyochi, v. t. caus., to cause to look
after; to make search; hoyohonchi; chi-
hoyohonchishke.

hoyopa, a., brave; warlike.

Hoyopa humma, n., a man’s name.

hoyopa taloa, n., a brave death song; a
few words of one of these run as fol-
lows: we kanihe shap irwali weh kanithe.

hoyot anta, vy. a. i., to wait.

huatsa, see hoparsa.

hufka, ufka, v. t., to sun; to air; to dry;
holufka, pp.

huk, hauk, an int., Oh; O dear; alas; ah
me.

hukma hinla, a., scalding hot.

hukmi, y. t., to set on fire; to fire; to
burn; to scald, Matt. 13: 30; Josh. 7:
25; 8: 19; same as hushmi.

hukmi, n., a firer; an incendiary; a con-
sumer.

huksoh, y. a. i., to discharge wind; to
break wind.

huXkupa, v. t., to steal; to purloin; to
commit larceny; to depredate; to filch;
to peculate; to pilfer; to plunder; to
rob; to shark; to thieve; ahu”kopa,
Matt. 6: 19, 20.

hu"kupa, v. a. i., to prey.

hutkupa, hu®kopa, n., a thief, Matt. 6:
19, 20; a felon; afilcher; a pad; a prig;
a purloiner; a royer; a stealer.

170

hutkupa, n., a theft; larceny; depreda-
tion; stealth; hulku pa, Matt. 15: 19.

hu®kupa, pp. and a., stolen; felonious;
thievish.

hu®kupa akka nowa, n., a footpad.

hu®kupa shahi, a., thievish.

hu®kupat itanowa, v. a. i., to maraud.

hulbona, pp. pl., doubled; rolled up; see
bunni.

hulbona, n., bundles; rolls.

hulhkachi, see wlhkachi.

hulhki, n., the calf of the leg.

hulhki foni, n., the leg bone.

hulhkupa, hulhkopa, pp., stolen.

hullo, see /hollo.

hullochi, vy. t., to sanctify; to set apart
to a sacred use; to fast, Matt. 6: 16;
holitoblit hullochi, Gen. 2: 3; hash ile-
hullochashke, Josh. 3: 5; 7: 18.

hullochi, y. a.i., toabstain from; to diet
one’s self, as in taking medicine; to fast,
Matt. 9: 14; to sanctify (one’s self
and others) for the Lord; ilehullochi,
Josh. 7: 13. See v. t., above.

hulloka, n., a sacred thing.

humma, n., red; crimson; redness; rouge;
scarlet.

humma, homma, a., red; angry; in-
flamed, as a sore; flagrant; florid; fresh;
roseate; ruby; ruddy; sanguinary; scar-
let; tawny, Matt. 16: 2, 3.

humma, v. n., to be red; vy. a. 15, to
flush; to glow; to redden.

humma, pp., reddened; tanned red;
made red; ikhummo, pp., not tanned;
raw, as a hide.

humma, adyvy., redly.

humma, an addition to a man’s name
which gives him some distinction, call-
ing on him for courage and honor. The
“na humma’’ may not run or turn the
back on the field of battle.

humma talaia, n., a red spot.

humma taloha, n. pl., red spots.

humma tishepa, n., very red; a bright
bay; scarlet.

hummaiyi, homaiyi (q. v.), a., reddish.

hummachi, y. t., to color red; to dye
red; to tan; to paint red; to make red;
to redden; siaithwmmachi, to redden for
me and mine,—applied to the red poles
of graves.

hummachi, y. a. i., to blush; to become
red; to redden, as the countenance.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hummachi, pp., reddened.

hummalhha, y. a. i., to be reddish.

humpah, vy. a. i., to say ‘‘humph’”’, the
report of a gun; to whoop, as a drink-
ing man.

hu%ssa, y. t., to shoot; to fire; to dis-
charge a gun; to shoot an arrow; uski
naki an isht hurssa.

hu¥ssa, n., a shoot.

hu®ssa, n., a shooter.

hussa, n., a shooting.

hutssa, pp., shot; discharged.

hu"ssa imponna, n., a marksman; a
sharpshooter.

hussi, v. t., to beat; to pound; to bray.

hush, exclamation, oh; alas.

hush abi, v. t., to fowl; to kill birds.

hush abi, n., a fowler.

hush apa, iti ani, n., the black gum.
So named, I think, because birds eat
the berries.—C. B.

hushi, n., a bird; a fowl; a screamer,
Matt. 6: 26; hushi puta kat, the fowls,
Matt. 18: 4; aba hushi puta kat, the fowls
of the air.

hushi aialhpita, n., a bird cage.

hushi balbaha, hush balbaha, n., a
mocking bird.

hushi chipunta, n., sparrows, Matt. 10:
29, 31.

hushi hishi, n., bird feathers; a feather.

hushi humma, n., a red bird.

hushi imalhpichik, n., a bird’s nest.

hushi inchuka, n., a bird cage; a house
for birds.

hushi inchuka fohka, pp., caged, as a
bird.

hushi inchuka fohki, v. t., to cage.

hushi isht albi, n., a bird trap.

hushi isht hokli, n., a bird snare.

hushi iti chanli, n., a pecker; a wood-
pecker.

hushi iyakchush, n., a pounce; a bird’s
claw; a talon.

hushlokussa, n., a bird; the name of
some that flock or huddle together.
The English name is unknown to me.—
Ce B:

hushmi, y. t., to burn; to fire; to set on
fire; toruin. Sameas hukmi; holushmi,
pp., holahushmi, fiery, Eph. 6: 16.

hushmi, n., a burner.

hushmi, n., a conflagration; a burning.

hushpa, pp., burnt.

hushpali, vy. t., to burn.

BYINGTON ]

hushshiho, n., the feeling of chaff in
the clothes; v. a. i., to prickle from
this cause.

hushushi, n., a young bird; a nestling.

huttupa, hutupa, see holupa.

hu"wa, v. t., to scent; to smell; to snuff.

i has the sound of e in me or ¢ in
pique and of short iin pin. The let-
ter iis used for y in words where y is
doubled in sound. The letter a often
precedes i, thus making a diphthong
Thus yukpa, yukpachi, aiyukpa, aiyuk-
pachi, and not ayyukpa, ayyukpachi.
The consonant is doubled to express
intensity.

i, prep., meaning at, in, place where, as
tiksho. tiksho belongs to the intensive
form, but i occurs before other words,
ichapaka, imoma, itikba.

i, adv., there, used as above. It rarely
occurs except before the word iksho
and has the same use as a and ai before
verbs. [Mr. Byington says, however,
in a note: ‘‘This needs correction.’’ ]

i2, pre. poss. pro. in the nom. case, 3d per.,
prefixed to nouns that do not begin with
a vowel or with p, ch, 7, ort. The noun
is often in the poss. case, as miko iholisso,
the king’s book. Itmay beinthenom.
or obj. case, but the pronoun in Choc-
taw should be parsed as a”, chin, in, pin;
anholisso, my book; i”haiaka, visible to
him; Matt. 1: 20. See im and in.

i2, pre. per. pro. in the dative case before
verbs and usually translated with a
prep., s, of him, for him, ete.

i2, his, their, 3d per. sing. and pl., re-
moved from the noun in the nom. and
placed before the verb, as tali holisso
imhotina, he hascounted his money, etc.,
or he has counted the money for him.
See chin, hachin, hapin.

12, of it; from it, etc. There area few in-
stances in which 7”, in, etc., seem to have
the use of a prep. rather than a pro-
noun. These have the neuter gender.
See Gen. 2:17, ishpakmatinnitak mihinli
ho chillahioke; infalammi, to the north
of it, north of it; imhopaki, far from it;
inmmisha, two days from it (every other
day, i”mishakma).

14, contraction for inli, or in; makin, akin
(for akinli).

i2, oblique case of lish, ialish, ialin.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

171

im, ith, adv., yes.

ia, Vv. a. 1., to go; to move; to depart; to
stir; to pass; to proceed; to resort; to
sail; to start; to set; to get away, Matt.
4: 10; 13: 44 (he goeth); hashiashke, go,
Matt. 8: 32; to grow; to increase, as
kapassat ia, it grows cold; ilhkoli, pl.,
ikaiyu, ikaiyo, sing., not to go; ihain ont
tha, a little past; ihinya in ont ihinya-
ma, Lukel8: 36; ikia ahni, v. t., to let
go; to permit to go; to wish to go; isht
ia, V. a. i., to commence; to begin; to
found; to originate; isht ia, v. t., to
carry; to begin; to start with; to take;
to commence; to institute; to tote;
to transfer; to undertake; to transport,
John 2: 16; kapassat isht ia; ikaiyo, not
to go, Luke 4: 42; Matt. 14: 16; ont ia,
v.a.i., to exceed; to go by; to found;
to outgo; to pass; to touch; to transcend;
isht ont ia, to carry by; imia, itimia,
itintimia, to run against each other in a
race; ta talali, vy. t., to carry on the
head.

ia, n., a goer; one who goes.

ia, n., a going; a proceeding.

iabannali, iabanali, y. t., to lay on the
shoulders, Luke 15:5. See ilabannali,
Matt. 11: 29, 30; Gen. 21: 14.

iabannalichi, v. t., to lay upon the shoul-
ders of another.

iachi, y. t. caus., to send; to cause to go;
to impel; itiachi, dual, they go together,
Luke 2:45.

iachi, n., a stirrer.

iachikchik, n., a grasshopper, i. e., one
species, as each species has a distinct
name.

iachuka, n., a turban; a cap; a head-
dress; a handkerchief or shawl worn
on the head; a fillet; minko imiachuka,
a crown; a coronet.

iachuka, pp., turbaned.

iachuka, v. t., to wear a turban.

iachukolechi, y. t., to put a turban,
handkerchief, or headdress on the head
of another person.

iachukoli, iachokoli, v. t., to putaturban,
handkerchief, or any headdress upon
one’s own head.

iachuna, n., the nape; the back of the
neck; the withers of a horse; some say
yauaska and some irkoi.

iachunahika, n., the collar of a garment.

172

iachushak, n., the back side of the head;
the upper part of the neck on the back
side; the nape.

iachushukli, vy. a. i., to limp.
shukli.

iahi4sht ia, to follow in haste; to chase
after or run after; from ishi, imshi,
ihinshi, iahisht ia, went to take him.

iakaiya, iakaya, iyakaya, v. t., v. a.i.,
to follow; to come after; to pursue,
Josh. 2: 5, 7; to dog; to second; to
trace; siakaiya, he follows me; issiakai-
yashke, do you follow me, Matt. 8: 22;
9:9; 10: 38; 14: 18; 16: 24; chiakaiya-
lachin, I will follow thee; hachiakaiya,
Josh. 2: 16; hassiakaiyashke, Matt. 4:
19; iakaiyat okla, dual number, Matt.
4-20) 21-78: i: Josh. (6: 8:98:16; 1akat,
cont., iakant, John 13: 37; iakat ia, go
and follow, Gen. 44:4; itiakaiya, v. a.i.,
to go after each other in a single rank;
to defile; to pursue.

iakaiya, a., second; subsequent.

iakaiya, n., a follower; adisciple; a pur-
suer; a succeeder; a successor.

iakaiya, n., a pursuit; a sequel; a train.

iakaiyachi, iakaiyachi, sing., to cause
to follow; to send after or behind,
Luke 19: 14.

iakaiyachit pisa, v. t., to follow; to en-
caeavor to obtain.

iakaiyoha, vy. a. i. pl., to follow.

iakaiyoha, n. pl., followers.

iakaiyohachi, v. t. pl., tocause to follow;
to make them follow.

iakaya, see iakaiya.

ialipa, n., a cap; a turban; a bonnet; a
cover; a lid; a coif; a hood.

ialipa, pp., turbaned; dressed with a
cap, etc.; covered; hooded; wreathed.

ialipa, v. t., to wear a turban.

ialipa hashtap toba, n., a wreath; a gar-
land.

iatipeli, v. t., to put on a turban, cap,
bonnet; to put his turban on, i. e., on
his own head; to coif; to hood; to
wreathe.

iatipelichi, y. t., to put a turban or cap
upon the head of another; to put ona
lid or cover; to hood another.

iasinti, yasinte, hiasinti, n., an eel.

ialli, a., worth.

ialli, vy. n., to be worth; itialli, to be worth
against each other.

See chu-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL, 46

ialli, n., the worth; the value; the price;
aialli, aialbi, aiilli.

ialli chito, a., dear.

iallichi, vy. t., to price; to set a value upon;
to rate; itiallichi, v. t., to price against
each other.

iba, v. a. i, to be with, among, amidst,
Josh. 7: 11; itiba; itibai, Matt. 9: 11.

iba, ibai, prep., with; in company with;
along with; together with. It is com-
pounded with many verbs and written
iba before a verb beginning with a con-
sonant and ibai before a verb beginning
with a vowel. When a personal pro-
noun is prefixed in the obj. case it is not
prefixed to the verb but to the prep-
position; as ibaianta, to stay with; sa-
baianta, to stay with me. itiba, double
reference, together, etc., together with,
John 4: 36; Luke 1: 58; ibachukowa,
ibaiimpa, Acts 11: 3. A number of
compounded verbs follow, to serve as
specimens as well as to define the verbs.

ibabinili, y. t., to sit with; to settle in
company with; ibabinoti, pl.

ibabinili, pp., seated with; settled in
company with; ibabinofi, pl.

ibabinili, n., a fellow; a seat mate; a fel-
low settler; ibabinoli, pl.

ibabinilichi, vy. t., to seat with; to cause
to settle with; ibabinotichi, pl.

ibabukbo, ibbabukbo (q. v.), n., a dou-
ble handful; a handful.

ibacha®fa, n., a companion; an equal.

ibachafa, ibacha"fa (nasal form), v.a.i.,
to be one with; from iba and achafa,
John 1: 1.

ibachukoa, ibachukowa, y. t., to in-
vade; to enter into and be with; to
penetrate.

ibachukoa, vy. a. i., to obtrude.

ibachukoa, pp., invaded.

ibachukoa, n., an invader.

ibachukoa, n., aninvasion; anirruption.

ibafakchi, see hatapofokchi.

ibafohki, see ibafoka.

ibafoka, v. a.i., to join, as to join the
church; to obtrude; to sort with; to
unite with, to follow, as sabafokashke,
John 1: 48; Luke 5: 11; tobe in, Matt.
18: 1, 4; iibafoka, to join together; to
put together; imanukfila itibafoka, to
agree; to company; to consociate; to
associate. See foka.

BYINGTON ]

ibafoka, pp., united; joined with; com-
bined; leagued; mixed; consociated;
ibafotka, nasal form, ibafoyuka, prop.,
ibafoyuka, with, 2 Sam. 24: 2.; itibafoka,
pp., conjoined; joined; ikitibafoko, a.,
uncom pounded.
ibafoka, n., aunion; membership; com-
bination; consociation; unity; a contri-
bution; imbafoka, n., increase; income.
ibafoka, n., a member; a follower; a
communicant; a fellow; itibafoka, n., a
companion; a contribution; a partaker;
itibafoka, n., a joint.
ibafokat, adv., or v. a. i. with conj. ¢,
to be with, ete.
ibafokat atya, v. a. i., to go with, or in
company with; to follow.
ibafokat hochifot takalichi, y. t., to
enlist.
ibafoki, ibafohki, v. t., to join with; to
contribute; to enter in; to put in with;
to mix; to add to; to unite to; to com-
bine; to insert; to involve; to obtrude,
2 Sam. 24:3; to put among; Matt. 13:
33; Josh. 7: 11, itibafoki, to conjoin; to
consociate; to identify; to join; a”ba-
fohki, Gal. 2:6. See fohki.
ibafoki, n., a mixer; one who joins,
unites, or puts in; a contributor.
ibafokichi, vy. t., to cause another to join,
or unite with; to combine.
ibai, see iba.
ibaianta, v. a. i., to stay with; to co-
habit; to dwell with.
ibaianta, n. sing., a companion; a mate;
a fellow.
ibaiaMsha, y. a. i. pl.,
dwell with.
ibaia"sha, n., companions.
ibaia®ya, v. a. i., to gowith; to journey
with.
ibaia"ya, n., a fellow traveler.
ibaiatta, a., twinborn.
ibaiatta, n., an inmate.
ibaiilaualli, v. t., to play together.
ibaiilaualli, n., a playmate; a play-fel-
low.
ibaiimpa, v. t., to eat with; to eat in
company with; itibaiimpa, to eat to-
‘gether.
ibalimpa, n., a messmate.
ibaiishko, y. t., to drink with.
ibaiishko, n., a companion in drink; a
little companion.

to sit with; to

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

173

ibaiyi, n., a nephew; sabaiyi, my
nephew; my sister’s sons and their
male cousins by their mother’s side,
and not my brother’s sons, which are
called sons.

ibakaha, v.a.i., to mix together; to flock.
ibakaha, pp., mixed; multiplied; itiba-
kaha, amalgamated; confounded; see
ibalhkaha; ikitibakaho, a., unmingled;
unmixed; ibakaha, n., a mixture; iti-
bakaha, n., a contribution; a putting
together.

ibakahachi, y. t., to cause to be mixed.

ibakah, v. t. pl., to mix them; to add;
to put them together; to confound; to
confuse.

ibakali, n., a mixer.

ibakchifanli, see ibakchufanli.

ibakchishinli, v. a. i. sing., to bend and
turn up the nose and lips, as a fox when
he smells. See ihakpishinli.

ibakchishinli, pp., bent and turned up.

ibakchishinlichi, v. t., to cause to turn
up, as the nose.

ibakchufanli, ibakchifanli, v. a. i., to
taper.

ibakchufanli, a., peaked; pointed;
slender pointed; tapering; tapered.

ibakchufanli, v. n., to be peaked.

ibakchufanlichi, ibakshakanli, v. t.,
to taper; to sharpen, as to a point; to
make sharp pointed like a wooden pin
or a spade.

ibakchufashli, v. a. i. pl., to taper.

ibakchufatshli, a., taper; peaked;
pointed.

ibakchufa%shli, v. n., to be peaked or
pointed.

ibakchufa®shlichi, y. t., to taper; to
sharpen as to the point.

ibakchushli, pl., ibakchishinli, sing., v.
a. i., to bend and turn up, as a fox
turns up her nose, etc.

ibakchushli, pp., bent; turned up.

ibakchushlichi, v. t. pl., to bend them
up; to turn them up.

ibakhatanli, n., a bald face.

ibakhatanli, a., baldfaced; palefaced,
like a sickly man.

ibakhatanli, y. n., to be baldfaced.

ibakhata®shli, n. pl., baldfaces.

ibakhata®shli, a., bald faced.

ibakhata%shli, y. n., to be baldfaced.,

174

ibaklipinli, ibaktokonli, v. n., to be
short- or blunt-faced.

ibaktalanli, vy. a. i., to be half laughing.

ibaktatinli, v. a. i., to run at the nose.

ibaktatinli, n., a running at the nose;
a dirty nose.

ibaklatinlichi, y. t., to cause the nose
to run.

ibaktololi, vy. i., to run at the nose.

ibakoli, vy. t., to search for in a hole.

ibakpishanli, a., round and pointed.

ibakpishanli, y. n., to be round and
pointed.

ibakpishanlichi, vy. t., to make it round
and pointed.

BUREAU

ibakpishatshli, a. pl., round and
pointed.

ibakpishatshli, vy. n., to be round and
pointed.

ibakpisha%shlichi, y. t. pl., to make
them round and pointed.

ibakpishinli, y. a. i., to turn noses and
lips; see tbakchishinli.

ibaksukuD®lichi, v. a. i., to pout, Ps. 22:
as

ibakshakanli, a., straight and tapering,
like a spade, not hollowed or dishing;
see ibakchufanli.

ibakshulanli, a., having white face and
feet, asa horse; white-faced and -footed.

ibakshulanli, v. n., to have white face
and feet; or to spread the nose likea
horse out of breath.

ibakshula®shli, a. pl., having white faces
and feet; white-faced and -footed.

ibakshula®shli, y. n., to be white-faced
and -footed.

ibaktabanli, v. a. i., to be broad-nosed.

ibaktasanli, a., having a star in the
forehead.

ibaktasanli, ibaktasanli bolukta, n.,
a star in the forehead.

ibaktasa4shh, n. pl., stars in the fore-
head.

ibaktasa"shli, a., having stars in the
forehead.

ibaktokonli, a., blunt, as an old ax;
short faced.

ibaktokonli, y. n., to be blunt.

ibaktokonli, pp., made blunt; blunted.

ibaktokonlichi, v. t., to blunt.

ibaktoko¥shli, ibaktokashli,
blunt.

ibaktoko¥shli, vy. n., to be blunt.

aeeplss

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

ibaktokoshlichi, ibaktokashlichi, v. t.,
to blunt; to make them blunt.

ibani, (from iba and ani), to pour in with;
to put in with; to add to; to mix; to
eke; itibani, to mix together, applied to
liquids; nana kia itibanit okpani, to adul-
terate by mixing.

ibani, n., a mixer.

ibanowa, v.a.i., to walk with; to travel
with.

ibanowa, n., a traveling companion.

ibanowachi, v. t., to cause to walk with.

ibanukhatklo, y. a. i., to condole; to
mourn with; to lament with; to sym-
pathize with.

ibanukha*"klo, n., a companion in sor-
row; a sympathizer.

ibanusi, v. n. or y. a. i., to sleep with.

ibanusi, n., a bedfellow.

ibata"kla, v. a. i., to partake with, Matt.
23: 30; to be among, Josh. 3: 10.

ibatatkla, n., a partaker; a spy, 2 Sam.
15: 10.

ibata"kla ishi, v. t., to share with.

ibatatkla ishi, n., a sharer.

ibatepa, vy. a. i., to injure himself; im-
batepa, he is hurt; ibatepa, a second
hurt; ibatabli, v. t., two words, from
iba and tabli.

ibatoksalechi, v. t., to work him with.

ibatotksali, v. t., to work with; to labor
with.

ibato"ksali, n., a fellow laborer; a work
fellow.

ibawichi, v. t., to aspire to help; to try
to do; to attempt; na hollo imanumpa
anumpuliibawichi; ibawinchi, nas. form.

ibawichi, n., a help. See ibalhkaha,
etc., for other verbs compounded with
iba.

ibachifa, vy. t., to wash the hands, Matt.
27: 24. See ibbak achefa.

ibalhkaha (from ibaand alhkaha), v. a. i.
pl., to mix together; to join. See kali.

ibalhkaha, pp., mixed; added together;
itibalhkaha, mixed together.

ibalhkaha, n., an addition; addition; the
name of arule in arithmetic; a union.

ibalhto, v. a. i., to mingle with; to get
among, as wak at ibalhto; from iba alhto,
pp. of ani or ibani; itibalhto; itibalhtot
yanalli, a., confluent.

ibalhto, pp., mixed; poured in.

ibalhto, n., a mixture.

BYINGTON ]

ibbabukbo, ibbapukko, n., a double
handful.

ibbabukbo achafa, n., a single double
handful.

ibbak, ibbak, n., the hand; the arm as
far up as the elbow; the paw; sabbak,
my hand; chibbak, thy hand, Matt. 6: 3;
12: 13; 18: 8; ibbak, his hand (Chisas at
ibbaka® pit weli, Matt. 8:3); Matt. 14:31;
ibbak, her hand, Matt. 8: 15.

ibbak abeha, n. pl., gloves; mittens.

ibbak achefa, v. t., to wash the hands;
ibachifa, contr., Matt. 27: 24.

ibbak alibishli, n., a muff.

ibbak alota, n., a handful.

ibbak alhfabek imma, adv., toward the
left hand; at the left hand.

ibbak alhfabeka, n., the left hand.

ibbak alhto, n., a handful.

ibbak aska, n., the wrist.

ibbak bonuht isht isso, v. t., to fist.

ibbak bonunta, n., the fist; the doubled
hand.

ibbak chush, ibbakchus, n., the finger
nail, or finger nails.

ibbak fahfulli, vy. t., to gesticulate; to
wave the hand about.

ibbak fohka, pp., given; committed; put
into the hand; delivered; intrusted.

ibbak fohka, v. a. i., to come to hand.

ibbak fohki, v. t., to give; to commit;
to deliver; to put into the hand; to
consign; to grant; to intrust; to leave;
to resign.

ibbak fohki, n., a giving; a resignation.

ibbak foka, n. sing., a glove; a mitten.

ibbak foka, pp., committed; received;
placed in the hand; delivered.

ibbak foni, n., the hand bone; the arm
bone.

ibbak i®tumpat ikhit"sh foka, pp.,
inoculated.

ibbak i2tumplit ikhi@sh foki, vy. t., to
inoculate.

ibbak ishki, n., the thumb.

ibbak ishki patta achafa,n., an inch;
the breadth of the ball of the thumb.

ibbak isht impak imma, n., the right
hand.

ibbak isht impak imma, adv., to the
‘right hand.

ibbak isht impaka, n., the right hand.

ibbak isht itibbi, n., a pugilist.

ibbak isht kasholichi, n., a napkin.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

175

ibbak isht talakchi, n., a handcuff; a
manacle.

ibbak isht to"ksali, n., a manual.

ibbak i2shu"kani, shakba ishu"kani,
n., the elbow; the point of the elbow
joint.

ibbak itachakalli, n., the wrist joint.

ibbak onuchi, n., imposition.

ibbak paknaka, n., the back of the
hand; lit., the top of the hand.

ibbak pata, n., the palm of the hand;
lit., the spread hand; ibbak patha, palms
of her hands, 2 Kings 9: 35.

ibbak takchi, y. t., to manacle; to bind
the hands; to pinion.

ibbak talakchi, pp., manacled; hand-
cuffed; pinioned.

ibbak tilokachi, n., the wrist joint; a
joint that bends any way.

ibbak tilokachi abiha, n. pl., wrist-
bands, such as are used by the Choc-
taw. They are made of silver and worn
over the sleeves.

ibbak tilokachi afohoma, n., a wrist-
band; a cuff.

ibbak tokonli, a., blunt; dull, as an ax.

ibbak umbitepa achafa, n., a span.

ibbak ush ah, n., the little finger.

ibbak ushi, n., a finger.

ibbak ushi abiha, n. pl., finger rings.

ibbak ushi foka, n., a finger ring; a cot;
a thimble.

ibbak ushi isht pasholi, v. t:, to finger.

ibbak ushi itachakalli, n.,a finger joint;
a knuckle.

ibbak ushi olachi, n., a fillip.

ibbak ushi tikba, n., the forefinger.

ibbak ushi wishakchi, n., the finger end.

ibbak wattachi, v. t., to unclinch the
hand.

ibbapukko, n., a double handful.

ibbak, see ibbak.

ibetabli, v. a. i., to stumble; to dash the
foot against, Luke 4: 11; to stub; to
stump; to trip; to be offended; ihetablit
satula kamo, I stumbled and fell; iksi-
aiibetablokmat, Matt. 11:6; isht avibetabli
tok, they were offended in him, Matt.
138: 21, 57.

ibetabli, n., a stumbler.

ibetabli, n., a stumble.

ibetablichi, v. t. caus., to make him stum-
ble or stub, Matt. 5: 29; to offend, Matt.
18: 8, 9; kil ibitablecho, we not offend,
Matt. 17: 27.

176

ibetap, n., the fountain; the source; the
head, as of a water course; the part of
a water course between you and the
fountain, as sokbish is the other part;
the upstream part of a river, Josh. 3:
LS LG se Lor:

ibetap i8bok, n., the head of the creek;
the name of a creek that runs into the
Yalobusha from the south.

ibetap pilla, adv., toward the head.

ibetap pilla, ady., at the head; from the
fountain.

ibiali, n., the end of anything, as a table,
plank, or rail.

ibichilu, n., the nose; the nostrils; the
neb.

ibichilu foka, n., a halter; whatis put on
over the nose.

ibichilu foka foka, v. t., to halter; to
put on a halter.

ibichilu patassa, a., flat-nosed.

ibikoa, v. n., to bleed at the nose; sabi-
koa, I bleed at the nose.

ibikoa, n., the nose-bleed.

ibikoachi, y. t., to make the nose bleed.

ibilhkan, n., phlegm; rheum.

ibilhkan chito, a., phlegmatic; abound-
ing in phlegm.

ibilhkan kucha, v. a. i., to snivel.

ibitatampa, n., the combs or crest of a
turkey.

ibish, n., a rise; a swell; a hill of earth
where corn, etc., is planted; the bow
and the stern of a boat; the round end;
the end, as of a cask; a pommel; a
prow; a saddlebow; the part of a junk
bottle next to the neck; the nipple;
the teat.

ibish ikbi, v. t., to hill; to make a hill
about corn, etc.

ibish isht alhkama, n., the head of a
cask.

ibishakni, n., the nose; the snout; the
bill; the beak of a bird; the trunk of
an elephant; the proboscis; the neb.

ibishakni chiluk, n., a nostril; the nos-
trils.

ibishakni foka, n., a muzzle.

ibishakni patassa, a., flat-nosed.

ibishachi, n., the foretop.

ibishano, vy. n., to have a cold.

ibishano, n., acold, 1. e., the disease well
known to all.

ibitakla, n., the forehead, Rey. 7: 3.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46 .

ibitakla patshi, n., the foretop; the
front.

ibitek, n., a niece, his niece, her niece;
sisters’ daughters, and their female
cousins; sabitek, my niece.

ichabli, ichabli, vy. t., tomate; to match;
to put together; to yoke together; iti-
chabli, to pair; ichapoli, pl.

ichabli, n., one who mates.

ichapa, v. t., to resist.

ichapa, v. a. i., to match; to mate with;
to go at the side of.

ichapa, pp., mated; matched; itichapa,
mated together; paired, as wak itichapa,
itichampa, both, 1 Sam. 3: 11; shulush
itichapa; itichapa, v. t., to fellow.

ichapa, n., amate; afellow; a yokefellow;
an adversary, | Sam. 1: 6; itichapa, n.,
an antagonist; a pair; a brace; a span;
a match.

ichapa, n., a reverse; a contrary; an
opposite.

ichapa, a., impudent; answering again;
opposite; repugnant.

ichapa, vy. n., v. t., to be impudent; to
oppose; to contradict; allat ivki an icha-
pat shati, the child is very disrespectful
to his father; atitachapoa or aiitichapoa,
to strive together, Luke 22: 24.

ichapaka, a., opposite; standing over
against, Matt. 27:61; Mark 11:2; 12:41;
right against, Josh. 3: 16; 5: 13; beside,
Joshs fi: 2362303 23/9:

ichapaka, v. n., to be opposite; to stand
over against.

ichapoa, v. a. i. pl., to mate with; to
go at the side of.

ichapoa, pp., mated; matched; mated
together; sing., itichampo.

ichapoa, n., mates; fellows; cf. wak
torksali itichapoa tatapi; iichapoa, n.,
a yoke; a pair; a span.

ichapoa, a. pl., impudent; answering
again.

ichapoa, vy. n., to be impudent.

ichapoli, pl., ichabli, sing. v. t., to mate;
to match.

ichabli, see ichabli.

ieshi, v. t., from ishi (q. v.); to bring
forth; to bear, i. e., young.

i"falammichi, see falammichi. 2

iffuka, ikfuka, n., the abdomen; the
belly; the bowels; the core of a water-
melon; the inwards; the waist.

BYINGTON ]

iffuka apakfopa, n., a waist band.

iffuka hotupa, n., the colic.

iffuka kashofa, pp., evacuated.

iffuka kashoffi, vy. t., to evacuate the
bowels.

iffuka kucha, pp., emboweled; eviscer-
ated.

iffuka kuchi, v. t., to embowel; to evis-
cerate.

iffuka sita, pp., surcingled.

ifolota, i"fulota, n., from folota (q. v.) ;
lace or its edge.

ifolota, pp., laced; bound on at the
edge.

i2folota ikbi, v. t., to lace.

ihaiya, ihaiya (J. E.), n., his brother’s
wife; his uncle’s wife, etc.; his sister-in-
law.

ithatak, n., her husband; her man; her
lord.

ihatak illi, n., a widow, Luke 2: 37.

ihi®, an interjection in talking to gain
time, or to show that the speaker is at
a loss; used by some old women.

ithika, n., a pillar.

ithikia, n., a keeper; a possessor.

ihimmak, n., a junior; his junior.

ihimmak, a., after it, him, her, or

» them; later; inhimmak on, a., latter.
ithimmak, vy. n., to be after it, him, ete.

ihiya, pp., scolded.

i“hiyachi, v. t., to scold.

ihiyachi, n., a scold; ascolder.

ithoa, ithowa, v. t., to call him, her, it,
or them; to hail; to halloo; cf chithatak
ont whowat ala, John 4: 16; isht ivhoa,
to call with; pit i”hoa, to call for; to send
for, Matt. 4:21. See 1 Sam. 3: 4, 5, 6;
ikinhoo, a., uncalled; i®howa, to call,
Matt. 18: 2; Josh. 4: 4.

ihoa, n., a caller.

itholitopa, n., a favorite; a fancy; his
fancy; his saint, 1 Sam. 2: 9.

iholitopa, a., dear to him; loved by
him; stingy.

iholitopa, v. n., to be dear to him;
sometimes i”holitopa is rendered as a
transitive verb; as, heloves him, it, her,
or them; see John 3: 35.

holitopaka, n., a friend; his friend;
one loved by him.

iZhollo, n., a favorite; one that is loved.

ihollo, n., tenderness; stinginess.

84359°—Bull. 46—15—_12

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

177

ihollo, vy. t., to love him, her, or it; to
fancy; to spare; as, ishithollo, thou loy-
est him, Matt. 5:48, 44; issanhollo, thou
lovest me; chimitholloli, I save it for
thee; I value it for thee; irhohonlo, freq. ;
irhoyullo, pro.; itihollo, to love each
other.

ihollo, n., a lover;
lovers.

ihollo, a., dear to him; loved by him;
stingy; close; tight; illiberal.

iZhollo, vy. n., to be dear to him, ete.

ihollohe keyu, a., unloyely.

iZholiot issa, v. t., to cease to love; to
alienate the affections.

ithowa, see ithoa.

iWhukni, n., his aunt; the sister of his
father and her female cousins.

iiksho, y. n., to be without; to be none
there, John 1: 47; for explanation of i
prefixed to iksho, see a and ai.

ik, 3d per. sing. and pl. of active verbs
in all the tenses except imp. in the
neg. form, as ala, to arrive, iklo, not to
arrive; sometimes found in the imp., as
iklokia, do not let him come.

itithollo, mutual

ik, a syllable prefixed to neuter and pas-
sive verbs in all persons of the neg.
form; as, iksabanno, ikchibanno, ikbanno,
ikpibanno, ikhapibanno, ikhachibanno,
iksatalakcho, ikchitalakcho, ete.; ik is
also prefixed to verbs in the negative
form where there is a prefix pronoun
in the accusative or dative cases, as iksa_
chumpo, ikchichumpo, ikhachichumpo,
etc.; iksankancho, ikchinkancho, ikitkan-
cho, ete.

ik, sign of the 3d per. sing. and pl., imp.
mood; ikminti, let him come.

ik, conj., although, or although let it be.
See John 3:19; tklakia, John 4: 4.

ika (in isht ika); anumpa isht ika, a speech
delivered standing.

itkania, n., a loser.

itkania, n., a loss.

ikbano, sign of the opta. mood, Oh!; Oh
that! Where the final vowel of the verb
is 7 the opt. mood is suffixed as above;
still one of the vowels is dropped, as is
often the case where two come together
in this way. After a and o the opt.
form is akbano or okbano, sometimes
hokbano, etc. (q. v.). Perhaps kibano

L738 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

is the best representative of the opt.
mood; kbano and hokbano are most used.

ikbato, one sign of opt. mood, but this
is an elliptical expression. See Luke
19: 42, ishithaiyanatokokbato, “‘if thou
hadst known,’ then thou wouldst
have prepared thyself; chwmpakbato is
said to request persons to buy some-
thing and then go away, or to buy and
furnish themselves and not trouble
others. It is used in the second and
third persons of both numbers; kbato
is a form that connects two predicates
with one subject, ‘‘oh that he would
buy and have it, or be off,’’ ete.

ikbi, v. t., to make; to create; to raise;
to form; to manufacture; to build,
Matt. 16: 18; to construct; to erect; to
produce; toengender; to beget; to pro-
create; to constitute; to fabricate; to
fashion; to figure; to found; to frame;
to generate; to get; to grow; to manu-
facture; to originate; to seminate; to
shape; to work; imkbi, nasal form;
thinkbi, freq.; ilikbi, to make himself;
ilimikbi, to make for himself, Gen. 7:14;
aiikbi, Matt. 17: 4; ikikbo, a., unbegot-
ten.

ikbi, n., a maker; a creator; a manufac-
turer; an author; a fabricator; a father;
afounder; aframer; agenerator; a pro-
creator; a raiser; a source.

ikbi, n., make; work.

ikbi, n., making; aiikbichi,
Acts 24: 8.

ikbichi, y. t., to cause to make or do,
Matt. 5: 32.

ikfeksa, n., the side of a man or beast
between the hip bone and the rib.

ikfetichi, v. i., to be swollen in the
bowels.

ikfetap, ikfitukhak, n.,
of the breast bone.

ikfia, n., a diarrhoea; a looseness; a relax;
a lax (a coarse word; wlbal ont ia is
better).

ikfia, v.n., v. a. i., to have a diarrhea;
to purge; to relax; to scour.

ikfia, pp., purged; relaxed.

ikfiachi, y. t., to purge; to evacuate the
bowels; to drench; to relax; to scour.

ikfiachi, n., a purgative; a laxative;
physic; a purging.

.to accuse,

the upper end

[ BULL. 46

ikfichukbi, ikfitksa, n., the side of a
man or beast between the hip bone and
the rib; the flank. See ikfeksa.

ikfihechi, n., a lax; a laxative; laxity;
laxness.

ikfitukhak, see ikfetap.

ikfuka, ikfoka, n., the abdomen; he
bowels; the pel Matt. 12: 40; -see
iffuka, uhfoka.

ikfuka hotupa, n., the colic; pain in the
bowels; the bellyache.

ikfuka hotupali, v. t., to gripe; to dis-
tress the bowels.

ikfuka isht talakchi, n.,a girth; asur-
cingle; a bellyband.

ikfuka katapa, n., the colic.

ikfukasita, iffukisita, n.,a girth; asur-
cingle.

ikhana, ithana, v. a.i., v. t., to know,
Matt. 6: 8; Josh. 3: 4; to acknowledge;
to understand; to have acquaintance
with; to discern; tofathom; to feel; to
note; to observe; to perceive; to recol-
lect; to recur; to remember; to take;
to wit (v. t., to witness); to wot; ikha-
hana, ithahana, freq.; ileithana, to know
himself; ikhaiyana, ithaiyana, pro.
form, to remember; to bear in mind; to
occur; to recollect, Josh. 1: 18; 4: 24.

ikhana, n., a knower; an observer.

ikhana, n., knowledge; intelligence; lore;
notice; recollection; regard; remem-
brance; science; cognition; under-
standing; erudition; experience; feel-
ing; information; instruction; learn-
ing; light; wit; deikhana, self-know]l-
edge; ikithano, n., inexperience; ignor-
ance; rawness.

ikhana,a., knowing; conscious; mindful;

notorious; scientific; aware; known;
expert; familiar; intelligent; learned;
literate; hatak ikhana, a known man, or
an aquaintance; ikithano, artless; igno-
rant; awkward; unacquainted; inexpe-
rienced; insensible; unconscious; unin-
formed; unknown; unmanaged; unper-
ceived; unpracticed; unremembered;
untaught; itikhana, known to each
other; itikhana, n., acquaintance, Luke
23: 49; itikhananka, n., acquaintance,
Luke 2: 44.

ikhana, vy. n., to be known, conscious,
etc.

BYINGTON |

ikhana, pp., taught; instructed; enlight-
ened; indoctrinated; informed; learned;
noted; regarded; ikithano, neg. form.

ikhana achukma, a., eminent; noted;
well known.

ikhana alhpesa, a., memorable; nota-
ble.

ikhana fehna, a., memorable.

ikhana hinla, a., perceptible.

ikhananchiy, v. t., to teach, Matt. 15: 9;
to instruct; to inform; to educate; to
bring up; to breed, Luke 5: 17; 6: 6; to
civilize; to convey or communicate in-
telligence; to disciple; to drill; to edify;
to enlighten; to familiarize; to indoc-
trinate; to introduce; to lighten; to
nourish; to rear; to remind; to tell;
to train; weithananchi, to make himself
known, Gen., 42: 7.

ikhananchi, n., a teacher; an instructor;
as Chahta ikhananchi, the Choctaw in-
structor; a doctor; an enlightener; a
preceptor; a remembrancer.

ikhananchi, n., tuition; instruction.

ikhananchit petichi, vy. t., to discipline.

ikhana, ithana, v. a. i., v. t., to learn;
to acquire knowledge; to acquaint one-
self; to embrace; to find; to get; to
hear; to improve; to see; ikithano, neg.
form; ikhayana, to remember, Matt.
5: 23; to understand, Matt. 15: 10; ile-
ithana, to teach himself.

ikhana, pp., known.

ikhana, n., a learner; nan ithana, a dis-
ciple, Matt. 17: 6.

ikhana, n., edification; improvement.

ikhana hinla, a., teachable; capable of
learning; intelligible.

ikhanahe keyu, a., incomprehensible;
inscrutable; unapt; unteachable.

ikhanahe pulla, a., teachable.

ikhananchi, v. t. caus., to cause to learn;
to teach; to acquaint; toinstruct, Matt.
15:9; Josh. 4: 22; or ikhananchi (q. v.).

ikhananchi, ikhananchi, n., a teacher.

ikhi4sh, ithi"sh, ishhi sh, ikhi%sh,
okhi¥sh, n., medicine; physic; a drug;
the general word for anything used for
the sick, as medicine, or applied to
sores, as salve, or to the flesh, as oint-
ments; a medicament.

ikhi4"sh ahama, n., opodeldoc.

ikhi2sh akmo, n., salve,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

Les)

ikhitsh apesa, y. t., to prescribe medi-
cine.

ikhi"sh balam, n., camphor; any fra-
grant medicine; an elixir.

ikhi"sh bota, n., medicine prepared in
powder.

ikhi"sh bota ishkot hoita, n., tartar
emetic.

ikhi4sh bota ishkot ikfia, n., calomel.

ikhi"sh chu®kash libishli, n., a cordial.

ikhi4"sh hapi holba, n., salts; Epsom
salts; Glauber salts; sulphate of soda;
sulphate of magnesia.

ikhi2"sh homi, n., bitters.

ikhi"sh ipeta, v. t., to drug; to admin-
ister medicine.

ikhi"sh ishkot hoita, n., a puke; a
vomit.

ikhi4sh ishkot ikfia, n., a cathartic.

ikhi2sh ishkot nusechi, n., laudanum.

ikhi4_sh ishkot ont iachi, n., a cathartic.

ikhi"sh isht apu®fachi, n., a syringe.

ikhi4sh kanchi, n., a druggist; an apoth-
ecary.

ikhi®sh lakshachi, n., a sudorific.

ikhi2sh luma, n., a nostrum.

ikhi2sh lumbo, n., a pill; pills; medi-
cine in pills.

ikhi4sh lumboa, n. pl., pills.

ikhi2sh nipi kallochi, n.. a tonic.

ikhi"sh nusechi, n., opium; an opiate;
an anodyne; laudanum.

ikhi"sh okchalechi, n., a tonic; a stim-
ulant.

ikhi"sh patassa, ikhi"sh patassapi,
n., prickly ash.

ikhi2sh shakba fohka, pp., vaccinated.

ikhi4sh shakba fohki, v. t., to vaccinate.

ikhi2sh shu®sh isht abi, n., a vermifuge.

itki, n., his father (Matt. 15: 5); her
father; father; sire; fatherhood; papa;
a procreator; abba; J7ki, the Father,
Matt. 11: 27; 16: 27; Inmki on, Father,
Rom. 8: 15; Chihowa akosh inki yon,
Jehovah was a father to him, John 5:
18; hachiinki, Matt. 18: 14; Josh. 1: 6.

iki aiokla, n., paternal ancestors.

i2ki atsha, a., legitimate; born in wed-
lock.

Inki aba, n., his Father in Heaven; God;
Pinki aba, our Heavenly Father.

Itki Chihowa, God Jehovah; Jehovah
Father; his Father Jehovah,

180

i2ki chohmi, n., fatherhood.

iMki ichapa, n., the firstborn; the child
next to the father; the oldest son.

itki iksho,a., illegitimate; bastard; base
born; fatherless.

itki iksho, n., a bastard.

i%ki ilikbi, v. t., to father.

iki ishki abi, n., a parricide.

i"ki ishkiitatuklo, n., parents; father
and mother.

itki toba, n.,a stepfather; his stepfather;
her stepfather.

i%ki toba, pp., fathered.

ikikki, int. of regret; O; alas; ah; oh;
ikikkeh, alas, Josh. 7: 7.

IXkilish imanumpa, n., the English lan-
guage.

Inkilish okla, n., Englishmen; English
nation; the English; see Mirkilish.

ikimiksho, v. t., to lack; ikshokahe nanta-
hatuko; pp., unfurnished.

ikistap, n., tough meat of the neck.

ikithano, adv., unwittingly; ignorantly.

ikkishi, n., the brisket; the breast gen-
erally, not the paps, but the fore part
of the thorax; the withers.

ikkishi foni, n., the breast bone; the
sternum.

iklanna, n., the middle; the center; mid-
way, 1 Kings 10: 7; half the depth;
the dead, as ‘‘in the dead of winter,’’
etc.; half way; the heart; the interior;
mean; midst; a moiety. Acts 1: 15;
Josh. 4: 5, 8; midst of, Josh. 8: 33.

iklanna, a., semi; half (Matt. 10: 29), as
used in compound words; half pay; half
pint, etc.; middling; mid, as found in
compound words; midday, etc.; full,
as the moon; mean; middle; mon-
grel.

iklanna, v. n., to be middling, half or
mid, ete.

iklanna, pp., centered; divided in the
middle.

iklanna atampa, n., a majority; more
than half.

iklannaka, n., the midst; the middle
place; aiiklannaka, John 8: 3; the mean;
the middle.

iklannaka iklanna, n., a quarter.

iklannachi, iklannachi, v. t., to center;
to divide in the middle, Luke 19: 8.

Inklisha, a., English; see Mirkilish.

I"klisha, n., English,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

ikma, sign of sub. mood, when the verb
ends with i; see ak and okma, if,
when; this particle begins with k, kma,
when that. Compounds: ikmako—ik-
makocha—ikmakona—ikmakosh—ikmak-
ot—ikmano, ikmano—ikmat, if, when—
ikmato.

i%koi, n, the withers of ahare or a buffalo.

ikolumpi, see kolumpi, n., the throat.

ikonla, n., the neck; the throat.

ikonla afohoma, n., the collar; the part
of agarment which surrounds tbe neck.

ikonla afohoma ishi, vy. t., to collar; to
seize by the collar.

ikonla awalakachi, n., a ruffle; a ruff.

ikonla bana, see ikonlabana.

ikonla bekat a®ya, a., barenecked.

ikonla bekat at®ya, vy. a.i., to go bare-
necked.

ikonla inuchi, n., a collar; something
worn round the neck; a part of a har-
ness for the neck of a horse or other
beast used in draught; hames; the part
of a yoke which embraces the neck.

ikonla shatali, n., a swelled neck; a
swelled throat; the mumps (a disease);
the quinsy.

ikonla umpatta, n., a Vandyke.

ikonlabana, ikonla abana, n., a yoke,
Matt. 11: 29; pp., yoked.

ikonlabana imaiishi, v. t., to unyoke.

ikonlabanali, vy. t., to yoke.

iksa, n., aclan; a class; a denomination;
asect; a society; applied to the mar-
riage clans,as hatakiholahta, kashapokla,

iksa, v.a.i., to be of a class, sect, or clan;
as, itimiksalt bano kako”.

iksa achafa, n., one clan; the same clan
or class.

iksa apistikeli, n., a bishop; one who
has the watch of a class, clan, ete.

iksa asonunchi alhtoka, n., a deacon;
an elder.

iksa ibafoka, v. t., to unite with a class,
clan, denomination.

iksa inla, iksinla, n., another clan; a
different clan; the other clan.

iksa issa, v. t., to desert a clan; to apos-
tatize.

iksa issa, n., an apostate; apostasy.

iksa issachi, v. t., to cause to apostatize.

iksa keyu, a., unrelated.

iksamiksho, vy. t., I have none, or there
is none for me, or there is none of mine,

BYINGTON |

iksiachi, y. t., to fix; to repair; aiksiachi.

iksita,n., a hearth; lwak iksita, Gen. 18: 6.

iksitopa; nan isht ikaiiksitopa, infirmities,
Matt. 8: 17. See John 5: 5; Ist per.
iksaksitopa; imperative forms, ikchiksi-
topa, ikpiksitopa.

iksho, y. n., to be absent; to be gone; to
be none; not to be; tiksho, intensive
form, Matt. 2:17, 18; ikimiiksho, hath
not, Matt. 8: 20; amsha (q. v.), pro.
form; iksaksho, ikchiksho, iksho, ikpiksho,
etc. ; ikchimiksholih, akchimiksho.

iksho, v. a. i., to want; ikaiiksho, as oka
ikaiiksho, dry places, Matt. 12: 43.

iksho, a., absent; none; not any; desti-
tute; devoid; wanting; missing; no;
vacant; void.

iksho, n., a dearth; a privation; a want-
age; wanting.

iksho, prep., without.

iksho, with a poss. pro. sam, chim, im,
etc., to have none; the neg. of amasha,
chimasha, etc., v. t., to want.

ikshokechi, y. t., to bring to nought; to
destroy, 1 Cor. 6: 13.

il, a prefix per. pro., lst per. pl. of active
verbs beginning with a vowel, as ia, to
go; John 4: 42; ilia, we go; ithana, to
know; iithana, we know. Seee.

ila, to itself; by itself, as ishilaboli, you
lay it by itself, from ile, reflexive, and
a, locative.

ila, to himself, as iahalalli, to draw it to
himself; before a vowel, ilai, as ilaieshi,
to take to himself. See Luke 12: 37;
17: 8; John 21: 18; tmokla ilahashia, his
peculiar people, Deut. 26: 18.

ilabannali, y. t., to shoulder; see iaban-
nali.

ilabi"ka, ilamitka, a., different; vari-
ous; separate.

ilabi"ka, v. n., to be different.

ilabitka, adv., separately.

ilafaya, ilafia, a., handsome, as isuba
ilafia, a good-looking horse.

ilafia, v. n., to be handsome; to look
well, as a horse.

ilafiopa, n., inspiration.

ilafoa, n., contumacy.
ilafoa, a., headstrong;
yielding; unwilling.
ilafoa, v. n., to be headstrong.
ilafoa, v. a. i., to refuse; to struggle.

obstinate; un-

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

181

iUlahninchi, n., self-esteem.

ilahobbi, vy. a. i., to pretend; to profess;
to attempt; to make a vain effort; to
dissemble; to feign; to make as if, Josh.
9: 4,

ilahobbi, n., an attempt; a pretense; a
feint; hypocrisy.

ilahobbi, n., a pretender; a professor; a
seemer; a hypocrite, Matt. 6: 16; nan
ilahobbichiahoka, thou hypocrite, Matt.
7: 5.

ilahobbi, a., pretended; professed; hopaii
ilahobbi, Matt. 7: 15.

ilahobbi, ady., vainly.

ilahtahi, n., providence.

ilai, dative reflexive particle before vow-
els; dateshi, Josh. 8: 1.

ilaiukha, n., recompense; retaliation;
vow of revenge.

ilaiukha, n., a revenger.

ilaiyuka, ilayuka, a., various; diver-
sified; all; each; divers, Luke 4: 40;
every; different; several; sundry, Matt.
4: 24; hatak ilaiyuka, each man; abeka
daiyuka puta, all manner of sickness;
yakmi aiyuka, pinimpatok, haknip ikin-
chukmo ilaiyuka moma, all manner of
disease; see aiyuka.

ilaiyuka, v. n., to be various.

ilaiyuka, y. a. i., to shift.

ilaiyuka, n., a diversity; a variety; ilai-
yuka puta, every kind, Matt. 13: 47.

ilaiyuka hinla, a., versatile.

ilaiyuka takoli shali, a. unsteady;
variable.

ilaiyukachi, y. t., to make various; to
cause a diversity; to vary.

ilaiyukali, n., division.

ilaiyukali, a., various; divers.

ilaiyukali, vy. n., to be various.

ilaiyukali laua, a., manifold.

ilaiyukalichechi, vy. t., to diversify.

ilakhata, v. a. i., to dress up; to put on
ornaments; tlakhatat antali, Iam dress-
ing.

ilakshema, y. t., to dress himself; to
vest; see shema.

ilatechia, a., proud.

ilamitka, a., different and separate; see
ilabinka,

ilanoli, y. a. i., to confess, Matt. 3: 6.

ilanoli, n., a concession; a confession.

ilanoli, n., a confessor.

182 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

ilanukfillit pisa, n., self-examination.

ilap, pro., his; her; hers, Josh. 2: 19; its;
this; theirs; own; himself; herself; it-
self; self; he, Josh. 3:1; Matt. 9: 1;
ilap at, he himself, Matt. 12: 4; dap
ani, their fruit, Matt. 7: 16; wap ani, bis
fruit, Matt. 12: 33; miko ilap, this is
the chief’s; ilap hochifo, hisname. The
particles are suffixed to this word.

ilap, ilapa, self; him, Mark 1: 34; Matt.
10: 32, 33; 12: 16; salap achafa, I alone;
I myself alone; I only, salap, chilap,
ilap.

ilap achafa, adv., singly.

ilap achafa, a., unattended.

ilap ahni, v. t., to determine himself; to
volunteer; ilapanti, a., selfish; ilap ahni.

ilap ahni, n., seli-determination; his
wish; his will.

ilap ahni, a., voluntary.

ilap ahni bieka, a., willful.

ilap ahni ilekanchi, a., self-devoted.

ilap ahni keyu, a., involuntary.

ilap ahni yamohmi, a., spontaneous;
voluntary.

ilap aiahni, n., self-will.

ilap aiahni, adv., freely.

ilap akinli, himself; herself; itself; self;
ilap akinli hosh, Matt. 8: 17.

ilap anukfilli, v. a. i., to think himself;
to determine himself.

ilap anukfilli, n., self-determination.

ilap ati hikia, a., free—to stand by him-
self.

ilap bano, a., alone; himself alone; single;
he alone; lone; unattended, Matt. 17:1;
them alone.

ilap bano, a., lone.

ilap bano, adv., lonely; singly.

ilap banot anta, v. a. i., to live alone,
or to be the only one that stays.

ilap bieka, a., alone; solitary.

ilap biekat kanima atta, n., a hermit.

ilap bitka, ady., by or among them-
selves, John 4: 33; Luke 4: 36; sepa-
rately, Matt. 12: 25; 16: 7.

ilap fena, a., himself; himself indeed;
himself in person.

ilap fena, ady., personally; in person.

ilap im, their own, Matt. 17: 25.

ilap immi, a., hisown; her own; private;
proper, Josh. 8:27.

ilap immi, n., a proprietary.

(BULL. 46

ilap in, Matt. 9: 1; his own, Matt: 10: 36;
13: 57.

ilapakpu%a, ilapakpu™wa, a., selfish;
self-conceited; self-willed; haughty.

ilapakputa, vy. n., to be selfish.

iUlapakpuachi, ilapakpuwachi, v. t., to
make selfish.

ilapakpunla, a., selfish; haughty; from
ilapak pulla, surely himself he.

ilapakpunla, y. n., to be selfish.

ilapat, obj. case, pro., he; himself, Matt.
A222" Geel

ilapinli, a., himself; herself, Matt. 6: 4;
ilapint, obj. case.

ilapisa, see ilapissa.

ilapisa, vy. t., to make; this word is per-
haps from apesa, and is a reflexive verb.

ilapissa, from ilap and issa or il and
apissa, to give himself up.

ilapissa, see Gen. 43: 32; mihma ilapissa
intallalimat, ete., by themselves; by
himself.

ilapissa, a., downcast; dull; pensive; sad;
weak and trembling from sickness.

ilapissa, pp., saddened; disfigured; nash-
uka ilapissa, Matt. 6: 16.

ilapissa, adv., sadly.

ilapissachi, ilapissachi, ilapissachi, v.
t., to depress himself; to disfigure, Matt.
6: 16.

ilapo,a., his, himself; ilapo haknip akinli
kako”, John 2: 21; ilapo fena yat, John
4: 54,

ilapo inli, pro., itself, Matt. 6: 34; 12: 26.

ilapoma, pro. ob., him; tdlapoma ishin
yamohmi, Luke 6: 31.

ilaposh, pro., he; himself; obj. case.

ilaputa, a., selfish; self-willed; haughty;
from apoa, to raise; to sow for raising.

ilaputa, v. n., to be selfish.

ilapunla, n., haughtiness; independence;
selfishness; stiffness; from t/a and pulla,
surely himself, or to himself, or from
ilap and pulla.

ilapunla, a., selfish; haughty; high
minded; independent; insolent; lordly;
stiff necked; stubborn; supercilious;
wayward; presumptuous; rash; heady;
from ilap and pulla (nasalized), surely
himself.

ilapunla, v. n., to be selfish, etc.

ilapunla, v. a. i., to stiffen.

ilatoba, v. a. i., to spare; from toba, to
become; ikilatobo, a., unreserved.

BYINGTON |

ilatomba, v. t., to save; to economize;
to preserve for future use; to husband;
to reserve; to spare; made by prefix-
ing the particles i/e reflexive and a loca-
tive to toba; anumpa ilatomba fehna.

ilatomba, a., saving; prudent; econom-
ical; reserved; frugal.

ilatomba, n., economy; prudence; re-
serve; saving.

ilatomba, n., an economist; a saver.

ilatomba atapa, a., penurious.

ilatomba keyu, a., unsparing.

ilauata, ilauata, yv.a.i., to boast; to brag;
to crow; imilauata, to crow over him;
isht ilauata, to boast about; to vapor; to
vaunt; from auata and the pronoun ile.

ilauata, n., a boaster; a brag; a vaporer;
a vaunter.

ilauata, n., a boast; a brag; a prank.

ilaueli, ilauweli, v. t. sing., to lead
along; to conduct; to rule; to govern;
to lead, Matt. 15:14; to take, Matt. 16:
22; Luke 4: 5; to guide; to take a wife,
Matt. 1: 24; 4: 5; this is a reflexive form
from aue, auechi, auet, ete. ; pelichi, pl.

ilaueli, n., a leader of one; a conductor;
a guide; a guider; wakushi ilauinli, a
cow that is the leader of a calf, i. e.,
a cow and calf, Matt. 18: 24.

ilauet, cont. of above, John 1: 42.

ilauet aya, v. t. sing., to rule; to lead;
to conduct; to govern.

ilauet atya,n.,a ruler; a leader; a hus-
band.

ila"yak, imilayak, n., goods, Matt. 12:
29; wares; merchandise; riches, | Kings
10: 23; treasure, Matt. 6: 19; his goods;
imilayak chokushpa, chattel; chattels;
concern; riches; imilayak isht yuwpomo;
vy. t., to dissipate.

ilayuka, see ilaiyuka.

ilallachi, a., childish.

ilallachi (from ile and alla), v. t., to make
himself a child.

ilapisa, v. t., to look on himself; to deem
himself.

ilapissa, ilapisa, a., sad; of a sad coun-
tenance; depressed.

ilapissa, v. n., to be sad; to have a fallen
countenance, Gen. 4: 6.

ilapissachi, ilapissachi, v. t., to depress.

ilappa, pro., this; these, Matt. 1: 20;
2: 3; 4:9; ilappa yakohmichi, do this,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

183

Matt. 8: 9; a demonstrative of person,
thing, and place; this; here; dappa
refers to the nearest objects, yamma to
the most distant; hither, Josh. 3: 9;
ilappa ishla hohcho? art thou come
hither? Matt. 8: 29.

ilappa, adv., here, Matt. 14: 17; hither,
Josh. 2: 2; thence, Luke 4: 9; ilappa
fehnaka, herein; here; John 4: 37; Matt.
12: 6; this place.

ilappa, demon. pro. in the obj. case or in
any case, this; these; this person or
thing; used instead of the third person
of the per. pro. he, she, it, they, Luke
1: 6 [?] (‘lappa is here in the n. case);
ilappa fenaka, in this or herein, John 4:
37; Matt. 6: 29; the; these, Matt. 6: 32;
18: 14; this, Josh. 1: 2, 4.

ilappa foka, adv., hereabout.

ilappa pila, adv., in this direction;
toward this place; ilappa pila iali, lam
going in this direction.

ilappa pilla, ady., away here, pointing
at the same time to the place with the
finger or lips, meaning quite to or at
the place, and not merely toward.

ilappak, adv., here; right here; ilappak
atukma, this, Matt. 8: 9; ilappak fehna,
here, Matt. 14: 8; ilappakinli, adv., here
in this place; right here; ilappako,
ady., in this place; at this place; hither,
Matt. 17:17; ilappak oka, here is the
place which; ilappak okat, v.n., here is
the place which; iappak okato, that
very one; i/appakosh, here is the place;
this is, Matt. 11: 10).

ilappak, this, Matt. 3: 17; a simple word,
like himak, himmak, yammak; ilappak
ash, the, Luke 3:15; ilappakinli, this;
himself, itself, etc., Matt. 13: 22; ilap-
pakma, this also; this too; ilappakon,
in this; of this; from this; hither, Matt.
14: 18; Josh. 1: 4; in whom, Matt.
oelige

ilappak oka, ady., this the one which.

ilappak okat, nom. case, this is the one
which.

ilappak osh, nom. case, this is the one,
Matt. 17: 5.

ilappasi, adv., here.

ilappano, obj. case, this is the one.

ilappat, nom. case, this; oklailappat, Matt.
15: 8.

184 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

ilappato, nom. case, def., this is the one
which.

ilappimma, adyv., hither, this way, Josh.
8: 20.

ilappimma pilla, ady., thitherward.

ilbasha, a., poor; wretched; miserable;
destitute; calamitous; cheerless; con-
trite; deplorable; desolate; devoid;
grievous; heavy; humble; indigent;
lean; low; meager; necessitous; needy;
piteous; rigorous; rueful; submissive;
pp., degraded; troubled; depressed;
distressed.

ilbasha, ady., unhappily; miserably.

ilbasha, vy. n., to be poor, etc.; iwba%sha;
ubaiyasha.

ilbasha, y. a. i., to mourn; to ruin; to
smart; to suffer; to undergo; isht ilba-
sha, v. t., to mourn.

ilbasha, y. t., with a pro. in the dative
case; imilbasha, to pray to him, Luke
5: 12; to importune of him; to suppli-
cate; echimilbasha, we pray to thee; we
are humble before thee, Josh. 2: 12;
ilbansha; ilbaiyasha.

ilbasha, pp., distressed; impoverished; re-
duced to want; afflicted; persecuted;
cursed; humbled; oppressed; racked;
ruined; screwed; stripped; tormented;
wronged, Matt. 6: 25; ililbasha, pp.,
self-abased; ishpilbashachi, thou tor-
mentest us, Matt. 8: 29; ilbaiyasha.

ilbasha, n., poverty; misery; a calamity;
affliction; persecution; distress; the
heartache; illness; impotency; indi-
gence; need; necessity; oppression;
penury; plaint; a privation; punish-
ment; a strait; a stripe; suffering; tor-
ment; trouble; woe; wretchedness.

ilbasha, n., the poor; a sufferer, Matt.
11: 5; dbasha atapa, n., extremity; ex-
treme distress.

ilbashachi, y. t., to torment; to wring;
to wrong; to depress; to oppress; to
screw; to shave; to sterilize; to straiten;
to strip; to distress; to impoverish; to
afflict; to persecute, Matt. 5: 44; to de-
ject; ililbashachi, to distress himself.

ilbashachi, n., an oppressor; a distresser;
a tormentor; a wrongdoer; a wronger.

ilbashahe alhpesa, a., damnable; trag-
ical; unhappy; woful; wretched;
wrongful; ikilbasho, neg. a.

(BULL. 46

ilbashalechi, vy. t., to impoverish; to
cause distress or poverty; to oppress.

ilbashali, v. t., to distress; to afflict; to
oppress; to persecute; to curse; to grind;
to gripe; to pinch; to ruin; to destroy,
Matt. 10: 28; Josh. 7: 25, to trouble;
ililbashali, to distress himself.

ilbashali, n., oppression; persecution.

ilbashali, n., an oppressor; a persecutor;
v. t., to beggar; tocondemn, John 3: 17.

ilbashali, a., murderous.

ilbashalit abi, a., murderous.

ile, sign of the reflexive form of active
verbs beginning with a vowel, as anta,
to stay; tanta, to stay by himself or
alone; akostininchi, to understand; ont il-
akostininchi, to understand himself; to
come to himself, Luke, 15: 17; iekos-
tininchi, to repent.

ile, sign of the reflexive pronominal form
before verbs beginning with a conso-
nant; before a vowel one yowel is often
dropped, especially the vowels 7 and a,
as ilebi, to commit suicide; to kill one’s
self.

ilebi, n., self-homicide; self-murder; sui-
cide.

ilefehnachechi, y. t., to fan pride; to
render proud; to elevate; to exalt; to
lift.

ilefehnachi, v. t., to pride.

ilefehnachi, ilifehnachi, (two long
vowels, e and e, do not come together
or follow each other.—later note by B. );
a., ostentatious; pompous; self-suffi-
cient; supercilious; proud; vain; arro-
gant; consequential; haughty; lofty;
pp., elevated; high minded; insolent;
lordly; magisterial; puffed; see fehna.

ilefehnachi, adv., loftily.

ilefehnachi, y. n., to be proud; to be
vain.

ilefehnachi, y. a. i., to crow; to boast;
to prink; to swagger; to swell.

ilefehnachi, n., a swaggerer.

ilefehnachi, n., pride; vanity; hauteur;
loftiness; pomp; self-conceit.

ilefehnachit nowa, v. a. i., to stalk; to
strut.

ilefoka, n., a garment; a coat, Matt. 5:
40; apparel; an undergarment; a tunic,
Luke 6: 29; a dress; clothes.

ilefoka, v. t. ref., to put clothes on him-
self, herself, one’s self.

—a

BYINGTON ]

ilefoka awalakachi, n., the ruffle of a
shirt.

ilefoka chito, n., a cloak; a surtout; a
great coat.

ilefoka foka, vy. t., to attire himself; to
dress himself; to clothe himself.

ilefoka foka, pp., clothed; dressed, by
himself or others.

ilefoka fokachiy, v. t., to clothe another;
to dress another.

ilefoka halushkichi, n., a flatiron; a
sadiron; a heater.

ilefoka isht boa, n., a pounder used in
washing clothes.

ilefoka isht kashokachi, ilefoka isht
kasholichi, n., a clothes brush.

ilefoka isht shema, n., a dress.

ilefoka kolofa, n., a roundabout; a
short coat; a spencer.

ilefoka koloti, n. pl. of above.

ilefoka lumbo, n.,a shirt; a coat, Matt.
10: 10.

ilefoka patafa, n., a hunting frock; a
garment that is open in front.

ilefoka shakba afohoma, n., a cuff; a
wristband.

ilefoka shukcha, n., a pocket in a gar-
ment.

ilefoka walaha, n., a ruffled shirt.

ilefoka yushkololi, n., a vest; a jacket;
a waistcoat; a short garment.

ilehaksi, a., self-deceived.

ileholitobli, n., self-love.

ileissikkopali, n., a self-tormentor.

ilepushpuli, v. i., to be cross.

ileyimmi, n., self-confidence.

ileyukpali, a., self-pleasing.

ilhfiopa, n., breath.

ilhfiopa okchaya, n., breath of life.

ilhfiopak, n., wind; breath; life, Matt.
6: 25; 10: 39; 16: 25; Josh. 9: 24; imilh-
jiopak ishituk, he took his life, Matt. 2:
19, 20; imithfiopak fohki, to give life; to
animate; pimilhfiopak, our life, Josh.
2: 14; wimilhfiopak ikfalaio, a., short
winded.

ilhfoka, n., the abdomen; see ikfuka.

ilhkola hinla, a., excitable.

ilhkolechi, ilhkolichi, vy. t. caus. pl., to
move; to stir, as shakba ilhkolechi; to
move the arms; to cause them to moye;
to bestir; to excite.

ilhkolechi, ilhkolichi, n., one that causes
a moving.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

185

ilhkoli (ia, sing.), v. a. i. pl., to move; to
go, Matt. 8: 33; to leap, Luke 1: 41; to
budge; to start off; to take leave, Matt.
14: 22; to circulate; to pace; to stir; to
come, Matt. 8: 34; 2: 12; 11: 7; Josh. 7:
4; aulhkoli, Matt. 11: 13; wdhkola hinla
ka, to depart, Matt. 14: 13; ilhkot, cont. ;
ilhkonli, nas. ; ilhkohonli, freq.; whkoyuli,
pro.

ilhkoli, n., those who move; movers.

ilhkoli, n., action.

ihkoli, n., a motion; a movement; ik-
ilhkolecho, a., unshaken.

ilhkoli keyu, n., inaction.

ithkolichi, y. t., to move; to circulate;
to set in motion; to start; to stir; to
shake; to work.

Uhkolichi, ilhkolechi, n., a stirrer.

ilhpa, n., food; provisions; cooked pro-
visions; food prepared; an eatable.

ilhpak, n., food; provisions; bread, Matt.
6: 11, 25; Mark 3: 20; victuals, . Matt.
14: 15; 1 Kings, 11: 18; cooked pro-
visions; aliment; board; diet; enter-
tainment; an esculent; fare; meat; nur-
ture; nutriment; pabulum; subsistence;
sustenance; a viand.

ilhpak akanchi, n., a market, Matt. 11:

NG 23s

ilhpak atatli, v. t., to board; to furnish
with food; whpak imatati, to subsist.

ilhpak atali, n., a provider.

ilhpak imataha, pp., furnished with
food; boarded.

ilhpak tola achafa, n., a mess.

ilhpapa, n., the hunters for a funeral, or
pole pulling.

ilhpapa, v. t., to hunt for the same.

ilhpatsh, y. n., to be friendly, Gen. 40: 7.

ilhpita, n., a gift; a donation; ‘‘meat”’
as a gratuity, or a ration, Matt. 10: 10.

ilhpita, v. t., to receive as a gift; hatak
at alhpoyak whpita, the men who receive
goods as a present.

ilhpita, ilhpitta, pp., given; put in; fed;
charged; nourished; isuba hat ilhpita.

ilhpita achafa, n., a charge; a load for a
gun.

ilhpitachi, v. t., to give; to keep.

ilhpitachi, n., a giver; a donor.

ilhtalowak, ilhtalwak, n., song, Ex.
15: 2; a note in music; songs, Gen.
31: 27; see alhtalwak.

186

ihtohno, alhtohno, n., a_ servant,
John 4:51; a domestic; a help; a hire-
ling; a mercenary; an undertaker.

ilhtohno, pp., hired; employed; _insti-
gated; engaged; from tohno, y. t., or
itohnochi, to instigate.

ilhtohno keyu, a., unengaged.

ilifehnachi, see ilefehnachi.

ililli, n., pestilence, 2 Sam. 24: 13.

ilimpa, illimpak, n., food; victuals;
meat; amilimpa, John 4: 34; nourish-
ment; nurture; nutriment; pabulum;
table; a viand; also sig., we eat.

ilissa, v. t. ref. (from issa), to surrender;
to capitulate; to give himself up.

ilissa, n., a surrender; a capitulation.

ilissa, n., one who surrenders or gives
himself up.

ilissachi, v. t., to cause to surrender him-
self; to conquer.

ilissachi, n., a conqueror.

illa,a., odd; singular, as nakni illa siahoke,
I am a singular man.

illa, v. n., to be odd or singular.

illa, ady., oddly.

illa, y. a. i., to be only; ilashke, Mark
12: 82; ushi akilla, save the son, Matt.
11: 27; wlat, Matt. 14: 28.

illa, ady., only; barely; merely, John
4: 23[?]; anumpa illa hon, the word
only, Matt. 4:10; 8: 8; 10: 42; but,
Matt. 14:17, adj., a single word.

illa hinla, a., mortal; expirable; perish-
able.

illa husi, a., half dead; nearly dead; al-
most dead.

illahe imma, a., mortal.

illahe keyu, a., immortal; deathless.

illahe keyu ikbi, vy. t., to make immor-
tal; to immortalize.

illechi, a. (from ili), grievous.

illi, a., pp., dead, Matt. 11:5; deceased;
departed this life; lost at a game of
chance; defunct; numb from cold; life-
less; benumbed; torpid; vapid; ikillo
kia aba ia, to go to heaven without dy-
ing; to be translated.

illi, v. t., to die, Matt. 17: 9; Josh. 1: 1;
Matt. 15: 4; imillilikat, Gal. 2: 19.

ili, v. n., to die; to perish, John 3: 16;
to lose at a game of chance; to expire;
to decease; to depart this life; to fail;
to faint; to go; to pass; to perish; to
rest; alla isht illi, to die in childbed;

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

pillimakoke, we perish, Matt. 8: 24;
imilli, he lost; ili, iti, ihiti, inli, ihinli,
ielli, ikello, Josh. 1:9; 8: 1; inli, nasal
form, dying, John 4: 49; hashi at illi, to
change, as the moon; ihinli, freq., iyilli,
pro. tkiello, neg.; Josh. 8: 1; imilli, v.t.,
to lose; imilli, n., a loser.

illi, n., death, Matt. 10:21; the dead;
uli akosh, the dead, Matt. 8: 22; dead-
ness; decease; a departure; destruction;
dissolution; an end; numbness; quiet;
rest; torpor; nan ili is used for death
in Rom. 6: 28.

illi, used as an intensitive, as sanukhak-
lot salli, | am very sorry; lit., I sorrow
and I die; nusit ili, fast asleep.

ili atukla, n., death; the second death;
destruction.

illi bi"ka, dead like themselves, a fellow
mortal, Matt. 8: 22.

illi cha atta, n., still born.

illichi, v. t., to kill; to put to death; to
slay; to deaden; to dazzle; to numb; to
end; to benumb; to obtund; to palsy; to
paralyze, Matt. 10: 28; 16: 21; itillichi,
to kill each other; hashi at nishkin an
illichi, the sun dazzles the eye.

illiissa, vy. t., to proscribe; to offer to
death; to give up to die, Matt. 10: 21;
illiimissa, v. t., to betray, or give him
to death, Matt. 27: 3.

illiissa anumpa, n., a proscription.

illilli, n., a disease, Luke 4: 40; a distem-

per, such as the smallpox; pleurisy; a
malady; pestilence, 2 Sam. 24: 13.

illilli okpulo, n., a deadly distemper; a
disease; a leprosy.

illilli okpulo, n., a leper.

illinaha, a. in the past tense, half dead;
near dead; was well-nigh dead.

illit akosh falamat tani, v. a. i., to rise
from the dead; n., a resurrection.

illit okcha, n., one who has been resus-
citated.

iWuhmi, illohmi, a., deathlike.

ilo, iloh, per. pro., 1st per, pl., before
active verbs beginning with a vowel;
ia, to go; iia, we go; ilohia, we all go;
ilohishko, Matt. 6: 31.

iUlokpani, n., self-abuse.

ilolabbi, n., self-denial.

ittachi, n., a large green-headed duck.

Japa, n., caul or fat of the paunch
(Billy Thomas, informant).

BYINGTON ]

ilapa, n., the milt or spleen; some say it
is the midriff, diaphragm, or caul, the
milt being takashv.

ifaualli, ifoalli, v. a. i., v. t., to play;
to frolic; to parade; to revel; to romp;
to sport; to toy; to trifle; to wanton,
2 Sam. 2:14.

itaualli, n., a play; a diversion; a frolic;
fun; a pastime; sport.

itaualli, n., a player; a frolicker; a rey-
eler; a tumbler.

itauallichi, vy. t., to make others play;
to parade soldiers; to drill; itizhowa, to
call each other, Matt. 11: 16.

im, pre. pos. pro., 3d per. sing. and pl.
in the n. case, before nouns beginning
with a vowel; as imisuba, his, her, or
their horse. See chim, in, ete. imi,
before shilombish, as ami, chimi, imi-
shilombish, etc., with nouns of place;
tamaha holihta imisht impak imma, right
side of the city; Chuta yar imoka mati
pilla, to the south of Judah, 2 Sam. 24:
By ts

im, pre. per. pro., 3d per. sing. and pl.,
in the dative case before verbs begin-
ning with a vowel, and to be rendered
with a prep., as of him, for him, to
him, ete.; to it, as a tree; see Mark 11:
23, imachi; imanoli, to relate to him;
ima, of him; from him, Matt. 6: 1; ima,
of them, Matt. 6: 2.

im, per. pro., 3d per. sing. and pl., in
the nom. case before some neuter verbs,
as okpulo, bad; imokpulo, he is angry,
or there is evil with him; see chim.

im, pos. pro., removed from the noun
and placed before the verb, as allat imilli,
instead of imallat illi. Many words
have the pronouns im, etc., inseparably
united. It is necessary to write them
as they are used; imi, before the word
shilombish, as imishilombish, Matt. 10:
20.

ima, ema, v. t., to give, Matt. 14: 7, 9;
to sell; to cede; to. send, John 3: 17;
to impart; to bestow; to bear to, John
2: 8; to let one have; to accommodate
with; to deliver to, Luke 4: 17; to com-
municate; to title, hachimahe, Matt. 7: 7;
imatok, had given, Matt. 9: 8; 14: 19;
ima, to give him; chima, to give thee;
ama, to give me; anumpa ima; et ima,
pit ima; ihinma, freq., iksamo, neg.,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

187

ikchemo, ikemo, ikpemo, ete.; issama, to
give me; issahama, John 17: 8.

ima, y. t., to confer; to consign; to con-
vey; to deal; to dispose of; to grant;
to hand; to invest; to leave; to let; to
offer; to present; to render; to resign;
to transfer; chimali, Matt. 4: 9; aiyama,
intensive form; isht ima, to take and
give, Matt. 7: 9, 10; amaiyama, to give
me much.

ima, n., a giver; a donor.

ima, n., a gift; a largess; a donation; a
cession; a sale; a dedication; a legacy;
a render.

ima, see imma.

ima hinla, a., that can be given.

ima keyu, a., ungranted.

imabachi, n., a teacher.

imabachi, vy. t., to teach or to teach him;
to instruct; to show him how; to indoce-
trinate; to inform; imalbachi, pp., im-
abanchi, nasal form; imabahanchi, freq.

imachanho, a., better, after being sick.

imafo, imafo, n., 1, a grandfather, his
grandfather, her grandfather, or her
father-in-law, i. e., the father of her
husband, while like other words de-
noting kindred, others are embraced,
as imafo embraces all the brothers of
the grandfather; a grandsire; 2, also
great-grandfather.

imahaksahe keyu, a., unpardonable.

imahaksi, a., mindless; forgetful; un-
grateful, unmindful.

imahaksi, pp., unlearned; forgotten; par-
doned; unremembered; weaned; ik-
imahakso, a., unpardoned.

imahaksi, imihaksi, v. t., to forget; to
forgive; to misremember; to miss; to
omit; to overlook; to pardon; to pass;
to remit; to unlearn; amahaksi, chima-
hakst.

imahaksi, n., forgetfulness, remission.

imahaksicha hinla, a., pardonable; ish-
pimahaksichi, itimahaksichi.

imahaksichi, v. t., to cause it to be for-
gotten or forgiven; to forget; to pardon.

imahaksichi, n., forgiveness.

imahoba, v. t. (see ahoba), to suspect;
to guess; to reckon; to figure; to pre-
sume; to suppose; to surmise.

imahoba, n., a guess; a presumption; a
supposition; a surmise.

188

imaiatechi, n., a lesson; a stint; his
lesson.

imaiya,a., superior to; better; surpassing.

imaiya, imatya, (see a”ya); v. t., V. D.,
to overthrow; to overtop; to prevail; to
surmount; to surpass, Matt. 10: 24; to
exceed; to conquer, 2 Sam. 24: 4; to
defeat; to master; to outdo; to outgo;
to outgrow; to outlast; to outlive; to
outwalk; to overcome; to overgo; to
overpower; amaiya, to be greater to
me; itintimaiya, v. a. i., to run a race;
to compete; to refute; to repress; to
revolt; to vie; to rival; to transcend; to
triumph; to win; iintimiya, n., a race;
itintimiya, n., a racer; a rival, Matt. 11:
Ot 12:6; 40,

imaiya, n., excess; aconquest; a defeat;
a subjection; a triumph; vantage; a
victory; a winning.

imaiya; imaiyahe keyu, a., triumphant;
victorious; unconquerable.

imaiya, n., a conqueror; his conqueror;
a victor; a winner.

imaiya, pp., subdued; taken; ikimaiyo,
a., unsubdued; unconquered.

imaiya hinla, a., vincible.

imaiyahe keyu, a., invincible.

imaiyachi, v. t., to exceed; to conquer;
to beat; to excel; to surpass; to defeat;
to humble; to master; tooutdo; toover-
come; to overpower; to overthrow; to
subdue; to subject; to suppress; to sur-
mount; to take; to vanquish; to pre-
vail against, Matt. 16: 18.

imaiyachi, n., a conqueror; a subduer;
a vanquisher.

imaiyachi, n., a subjection.

imaiyamohmi, n., luck.

imaiyat falammint ishi, y. t., to re-
conquer.

imaiyokoma, a., perplexed; bewildered;
at a loss.

imaiyokoma, v. n., to be perplexed or
bewildered; to be at a loss; imaiyokomi,
he is bothered.

imaiyokomichi, v. t., to bewilder; to
cause perplexity; to maze.

imaiyopik, n., a relative by marriage;
the brothers, uncles, and nephews of
her husband are thus called by a
woman. It is now obsolete.

imatka, imaka, a., natural; proper; suit-
able; acceptable.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

imatka, y. n., to be natural; ikimavko,
neg., to be unnatural or unsuitable.

imalak, n., a _ brother-in-law; his
brother-in-law; a man’s sister’s hus-
band, and brothers.

imalakusi, n., a brother-in-law; his
brother-in-law; his wife’s brothers, and
cousins.

imalakusi ohoyo, n., his sister-in-law,
i.e., his wife’s sister.

imalama, a., guarded; kept.

imalama, y. n., to be guarded; he is
guarded or kept.

imalami, v. t., to hinder; to oppose; to
object.

imalammiy, n., an objector.

imalammichi, y. t., to cause objections;
to cause to hinder.

imataka, n., the midriff.

imatechi, v. t., to maim.

imateka, vy. a. i., to suffer pain from
his own misconduct; to smart.

imateka, pp., distressed;
maimed.

imateka, a., unfortunate; unlucky.

imateka, n., a doom; misfortune.

imateka hinla, a., unsafe.

imateka shah, a., hapless.

imatekahe keyu, a., safe.

imatekahe keyu, n., safety.

imatekachechi, v. t., to cause pain.

imatekachi, v. t., to cause pain.

imantananchi, n., the breastbone.

imantia, n., an obeyer.

imantia, a., obedient; dutiful; submis-
sive.

imantia, n., duty; obedience; obsery-
ance; observation.

imantia, v. t., to heed; to obey; to mind;
to observe; to serve, Matt. 4:10; see
antia.

imantia achukma, a., obsequious.

imantiahe keyu, a., ungovernable.

imanukfela, a., sad; sorrowful; imanuk-
fiela.

imanukfela, v. n., to be sad, Gen. 40: 6.

imanukfelachi, vy. t., caus., to sadden; to
to make sad; imanukfielachi.

imanukfila, a., ideal; mental; thought-
ful.

imanukfila, n., his thought; their
thoughts, Matt. 9: 4; his mind; thought;
mind; an opinion; reflection; under-
standing; brain; intellect; judgment;

pained;

BYINGTON ]

sentiment; conceit; conscience; consid-
eration; contemplation; counsel; dis-
cernment; eye of the mind; a faculty;
the faculties; a fancy; a phantasm; a
phantom; feeling; heart; an idea; an
imagination; an impression; an intent;
a meditation; memory; mettle; a no-
tion; a project; reason; sense; senti-
ment; a speculation; spirit; temper; a
tenet; atheory; a thought; unanimity;
a view; a voice; a judgment; will;
wit, Mark 2: 8.

imanukfila, vy. a. i., to think; to reason;
vy. t., to intend; imanukfila fehna, Luke
4: 22 [?]; imanukfilachi.

imanukfila achafa, a., like-minded; of
one mind; unanimous.

imanukfila achafa, n., resolution; a re-
solve; ‘‘one accord,’’ Josh. 9: 2.

imanukfila achafa, y. n., to be like
minded; to agree; tmanukfila ikachafo,
to dissent.

imanukfila achafa, n., concord.

imanukfila achafa keyu, a., unprin-
cipled; unstaid; wavering.

imanukfila ahalaia, a., mental; spirit-
ual.

imanukfila aiimma, a., intellectual.

imanukfila aka®lusi, a., dampened, as
to the feelings; discouraged.

imanukfila a™li achukma, a., consci-
entious.

imanukfila apissanli, a., stable-minded.

imanukfila apissanli keyu, a., unstable.

imanukfila a¥sha, a., rational; reasona-
ble; sensible.

imanukfila alhpesa, a., unprejudiced.

imanukfila chaha, a., magnanimous;
high-minded; imanukfila chaha, v. n.

imanukfila chito, n., magnanimity; a
reverie; sconce; strength.

imanukfila chito, a., having a large
mind; magnanimous.

imanukfila fehna, a.,
thoughtful.

imanukfila hopoyuksa, a., magnani-
mous.

imanukfila ikkallo, a., happy.

imanukfila iksho, n., idiocy; shallow-
ness; stupor; dotage.

imanukfila iksho, a., foolish; sense-
less; without mind; idiotic; ignorant;
irrational; shallow - brained; _ silly;
simple; sottish; stupid; thoughtless,

meditative;

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

189

imanukfila iksho, n., a fool, Matt. 5: 22;
23: 17; a natural; raca (Heb.); a sim-
pleton; a sot; a witling, an idiot; an
ignoramus; a dotard; dotage.

imanukfila iksho, v. n., to be foolish;
to know nothing.

imanukfila iksho aiimoma, n., an
idiot; a natural fool.

imanukfila ilaiyuka, y. a. i., to vac-
illate; a., whimsical.

imanukfila ilbasha, n., gloom; gloomy
thoughts.

imanukfila inla mitka, y. t., to dis-
agree.

imanukfila ishi, v. t. to seize the mind;
to interest the mind; to captivate.

imanukfila itibafoka, y. t., to agree in
opinion; to concur.

imanukfila itiholba, a., like-minded; re-
sembling each other in sentiment.

imanukfila itiholba, v. n., to be like-
minded.

imanukfila kapassa, n., insensibility.

imanukfila kapassa, a., insensible.

imanukfila kallo, a., unfeeling; hard-
hearted.

imanukfila kallo, n., comprehension;
genius; harshness.

imanukfila komunta a., anxious; dis-
tressed; uneasy in mind.

imanukfila komunta, y. n., to be anx-
ious.

imanukfila komunta, n., anxiety.

imanukfila laua, n., maze; perturbation.

imanukfila laua, a., fickle; changeable;
fanciful; fertile; fluctuating; indecisive;
notional.

imanukfila nukha"klo, n., melancholy;
mercy.

imanukfila nuktanla, n., modesty.

imanukfila okpani, v. t., to delude.

imanukfila okpulo, a., evil-minded;
malevolent.

imanukfila okpulo, n., malevolence;
malignity.

imanukfila onuchi, y. t., to apply the
mind.

imanukfila shanaia, a., perverted in
opinion.

imanukfila shanaioa, vy. a.i., to whiffle.

imanukfila shanaioa,a., fickle; fever-
ish; light-minded; whiffling.

imanukfila shanaioa, n., lightness,

190

imanukfila shananchi, vy. t., to per-
suade; to pervert the mind; to incline;
to prejudice; to prepossess.

imanukfila tohwikelichi, vy. t., to il-
lume; to illumine; to illuminate.

imanukfila tuklo, a., double-minded.

imanukfila tuklo, v. a. i., to trim.

imanukfila tu "shpa, a., eagle-eyed;
quick-minded; witty.

imanukfila yohbi, n., meekness.

imanumpeshi, n., a lieutenant; a vice-
agent; a second in command; a min-
ister.

imaXsha, vy. t., to have; to keep; see a®sha.

imatsha, n., a keeper; a possessor.

imashaka, n., the rear.

imatali, n., a maintainer; a supporter.

imatali, v. t., to maintain; to minister;
to satisfy; to store; to supply.

imatananchi, imantananchi, n., his
breast.

imafo, imafo, n., her father-in-law, 1
Sam. 4: 19; see imafo.

imaka, see imanka.

imalhpisa, n., a license; a ration.

imalhtaha, pp. (from atati), maintained;
ministered; satisfied; prepared; stored;
supplied; sustained; ikimalhtaho, a.,
unprepared; unprovided; unqualified;
unready; unsupplied; tkimalhtaho, n
unreadiness.

imalhtayak, n., a vocation.

imallutsak, issimallu4sak, n., the name
of a weed called in vulgar parlance the
devil’s shoestring. It is used to intoxi-
cate fish in water ponds and to break up
fever and ague.

imata, v. n., to be timid, or wild; isi at
imata, allat imata.

imata,a., timid; wild; fortunate.

imanni, n., his older brother, i. e., any
one, or all, older than himself, as nakjish
means any one or all younger than him-
self. This expression by brothers only
expresses their relation. Sisters do not
call their older brothers by the same
epithet.

imanni, n., her older sister. Sisters
speak of older and younger sisters as
brothers do of brothers. A sister calls
her brother nakfi, amnakfi, my brother,
etc. A brother calls his sister antek,
my sister.

i}

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

imbakna, n., the rennet, see bakna.

imi, his, Matt. 16: 26; 1 Sam. 2: 9.

itmiha, n.,a mandate; anod; a reproof.

iMmiha, n., a monitor.

imihaksi, v. a. i., to forget, Matt. 16: 5;
see imahaksi.

imikfetukhak, imikfetuphak, n., the
upper end of the breastbone.

imilayak, n., substance; goods; wares;
merchandise; an estate; mammon; prop-
erty.

imilayak chito, a., wealthy.

imilayak iklauo, a., unwealthy.

imilayak isht yopomo, a., extravagant.

imilbik, n., prey; booty; good fortune.

imilhfitukhak, n., the hole or notch
in the breastbone under the windpipe;
his, ete.

imilhtah, y. a. i., to be low-spirited.

imilli, n., a loser at a game.

imilli, n., a loss.

imiskauata, imiskatukli (inf., Judah
Dana), n., the collarbone; his collar-
bone.

imissa, y. t., to offer him; to promise
him; to give, Mark 12:9; Josh. 1: 6;
to tender; to bid at an auction; to offer;
to proffer; to propound, John 3: 16 [?];
to will, i.e., to devise; ilimissa, to offer
himself; to dedicate himself.

imissa, n., an offerer; one who makes
an offer; a profferer; a propounder; a
testator; an offering; a proffer; a pro-
posal; a testament; a will; ilimissa n.,
self-dedication.

imitaklish,
breastbone.

imma, ima, adv., toward, Matt. 12: 49;
hashi akuchaka imma, Matt. 2: 1, 9; the
way to, Josh. 2:7. Compounded with
other words, as abema, upward; ilap-
pimma, this way; akema, downward;
mishema, abroad; beyond; yammimma,
that way; olema, this way; yamma
immaka, that way, Matt. 13:28 [?];
pila imma, Acts 28: 14; imma, v. a. i.

n., the breastbone; his

imma, prep., concerning; of; about;
Chihowa apetiechika imma ya, Luke
4:43; paska imma, concerning bread,
Matt. 16: 11; <sht imanumpohonlilahe;
okhata imma nana inla hachimanolila
hinla.

immachi, vy. t., 1 John 2: 26.

BYINGTON ]

immi, pos. pro. or adj. pro., his; her;
hers; its; their; theirs; his own; itimmi,
his and hers; belonging to each other.

immi,n., atitle; inheritance, Mark 12: 7.

immi, v. n., to possess, Josh. 13:1; to be
his, hers, ete.; to own, Mark 12: 17;
Matt. 17: 4; immichi, v. caus., and
itimmi; kana immi keyu, a., unowned.

immi, n., an owner; an heir, Mark 12:7;
lord of, Mark 12: 9.

immi, n., right; property in.

immi ikbi, v. t., to entitle.

immi toba, v. a. i., to become his.

immi toba, pp., made his; entitled.

immoshi, see imoshi.

imokato, hoshu®
bladder.
imoklaya, a., kind; gentle.

imokpulo, n., an injury to him; a loss to
him; imomokpulo, an injury for or to
him; a lameness, etc.

imoksini, n., pudenda mulieris; the
clitoris.

imoksini, see imosint.

imola, a., lucky; favored; fortunate.

imola, vy. n., to be lucky; to have good
luck.

imota,n., good luck; good fortune.

imoma, a., customarily or naturally
small; ofi imoma, a naturally small dog;
hatak imoma. a small man; a dwarf;
see aiimoma.

imoma, pp., inured.

imoma, vy. n., to be naturally small.

imoma, v. a. i., to dure, Matt. 13: 21.

imoma, v. a. i., to do thus; asi momali, I
still do so.

imoma, n., a runt; a dwarf.

imomaka, n., an experiment; experi-
ence.

imomaka pisa, v. t., to tempt, Matt.
16: 1.

imomaka pisa,n., atempter, Matt. 4: 3.

imomaka pisa, v. t., to make a trial; to
have a trial; totempt, Matt. 4: 1; 16: 1;
Rey

imomakachi, vy. t., to make an experi-
ment.

imomakat pisa keyu, n., inexperience.

imomachi, imomachi, y. t. caus., to
cause it to be naturally small; to exer-
cise; to inure.

imomachi, n., a custom.

imomachi, a., old.

aialhto, n., the

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

191

imombalaha, n., her brother-in-law;
i. e., her husband’s brother.

imomokpulo, a., lame; halt; deformed
naturally; misshapen, Luke 14: 21;
Matt. 11:5; 15:30; maimed, Matt. 18: 8.
Perhaps from imoma okpulo, which
would be a natural injury. See below.

imomokpulo, y. n., to be lame; from imo-
ma and okpulo, a long-continued or nat-
ural deformity of the limbs.

imomokpulo, n., the lame; the halt; a
deformity; impotency; a monster.

imomokpulo aiasha, n., a lazaretto.

imosana,n., the forehead; the eyebrow;
the brow of the eye.

imosana hishi, n., the foretop; the eye-
brow.

imosini, imossini, imoksini, n., a bum-
blebee or humblebee.

imoshatto, imushatto, imoshato, n.,
the womb; her womb, John 3: 4.

imoshi, immoshi, n., uncle; his uncle;
her uncle; the brother of the mother.

impa, v. t., to eat sundry articles of food
(apa, to eat one article); to take food; to
take a meal; to board; to feast; to feed;
to diet; to mess; to regale; to take;
ibaiimpa, to eat with; itibaiimpa, to
eat together with; impa chirka, to eat,
Matt. 14: 16, 20; 15: 37, 38; to feed;
shukha laua kat impa hosh, Matt. 8: 30;
ihimpa, eating, Matt. 11:19; tkimpo, v.
a. i., to fast; ikimpo hosh, Matt. 4: 2;
ikimpo, Matt. 11: 18.

impa, n., an eater; a feaster; itibaiimpa,
n., a messmate.

impa, n., food; victuals; board; enter-
tainment.

impa, n., a meal; a feed; a ration; impa
achafa, one feed; one meal; one ration;
a repast.

impa aiyimita, a., voracious.

impa atabli, n., a surfeit.

impa chito, n., a feast; a banquet; a car-
nival; a festival.

impa fena, a., voracious.

impa fena, v. n., to be voracious.

impa fena keyu, a., abstemious.

impa fena keyu, v. n., to be abstemious.

impa iskitini, n., a collation; a snack;
a bite; a luncheon; a lunch.

impachi, impachi, v. t., to feed; to make
one eat; to cause to eat; to diet; to en-
tertain; to feast; to foster.

192

impachi, impachi, n., a feeder; a feaster.

impafakchi, n., the crop of a fowl.

impakti, n., the gills of a fowl, or his
gills.

impashia, impashaia, n., the brim of a
hat.

impachi, n., a feast, Gen. 19:3; 21: 8.

impachi, v. a. i., to feed, Mark 5: 14.

impasha, impashi, n., a gill of a fowl;
his gill or gills; a cock’s comb; a crest.

imponaklo, y. t.; see ponaklo.

imponna, n., skill; craft; cunning; wit;
understanding; faculty; handiness; im-
provement; ingenuity; a knack; work-
manship.

imponna, n., a master hand; a skillful
person; hachimponna, ye know how,
Matt. 7: 11.

imponna, a., pp., skillful; adroit; dexter-
ous; ingenious; capable; versed; taught;
skilled; clever; crafty; cunning; expert;
exquisite; fine; gifted; handy; happy;
improved; ripe; sagacious; scientific;
shrewd; sly; smart; talented; ikim-
ponno, a., inexpert; crude; raw; rude;
unexpert; inexperienced; unskilled;
unhandy; unpracticed.

imponna, v. n., to be skillful; to know
how; to understand; anumpuli chim-
ponna, you know howto speak; or, you
are a skillful speaker.

imponna, vy. a. i., to excel.

imponna, n., an adept.

imponna, adv., well.

imponna taha, a., perfect.

imponnat, ady., masterly; shrewdly.

imponnachi, vy. t., to teach; to instruct.

imponnachi, n., a teacher.

imposhot i®fullolichi, y. t., to fringe.

imposhota, n., a fringe.

impota, v. t., to lend; to lend him; to
loan; to farm; to let, to rent; to lease;
sapota, I lend.

impota, n., a lender; a renter.

impota, n., a lending; a loan.

impota hinla, a., lendable..

[impu4sa, v. t., to kiss.—H. 8. H.]

impusnakni, n., a woman’s relation to
her husband’s brothers, uncles, and
nephews.

impuspoa, i2puspoa, to kiss him.
This is the Choctaw word and is better
than imsutksowa.—Thomas Jefferson.
[imputsa, H. 8. H.]

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 46

impushnayo, n., the master of an animal;
see pushnayo.

impushnayo iksho, a., unowned.

imuksak, n., the ankle; his ankle.

imuksak foni, n., the ankle bone.

imushatto, see imoshatto.

in, pos. per. pro., 3d per. sing. and pl.
in the n. case before nouns beginning
with ch, 1, t, as inchuka, his house;
see im.

in, pre. per pro., 3d per. sing. and pl.
in the dative case before verbs begin-
ning with ch, /, or ¢, and generally ren-
dered with a prep. to or for, ete.; in-
chumpa, to buy of him, or from him.

in, per. pro., 3d per. sing. and pl. in the
nom. case before some neuter verbs;
imokpulo, heis angry; alla chintatapi,
you have 5 children; see im.

in, pos. pro., removed from the noun and
placed before the verb, as tanchi chin-
laua or chintanchi at laua.

inakfi, n., her brother.

inakfish, her younger
imanni.

iMnakfish, n., his younger brother; see
nakfish.

inaki, n., his sting; fohkul inaki, nak-
ishwana imnaki.

inalapi, n., the gullet; his gullet; the
gorge; the throat.

i2nasobaksobish, n., muscles near the
groin.

inchahe, n., a spur, the hard-pointed
projection on a cock’s leg; his spur;
akank inchahe, the spur of a rooster;
fakit inchahe, the spur of a turkey.

inchaka, n., the gills or the comb of
domestic fowls.

inchasha, n., rattles; his rattles; sintullo
inchasha.

inchashwa, n., small of the back, or the
sinews of the small of the back.

inchashwa nipi, n., the loin.

inchuka, n., his house; his home; see
chuka.

inchunli, inchonli, y. t., to brand, as
men brand cattle or rogues; to stamp;
to embroider; to impress; to imprint; to
seal; to stigmatize; to tattoo, Matt. 27:
66; Rev. 7: 3.

inchu2wa, pp., branded; stamped; sealed;
tattooed, stamped or printed, as calico;
nan tanna inchurwa, calico, Rev. 7: 4,

sister; see

BYINGTON ]

inchu"wa, n., a brand; the mark made
in branding; an impress; an impres-
sion; a stigma; a tattoo; isht inchurwa,
n., a brand, the instrument used in
branding; a seal, Rey. 7: 2.

inla, a. pro., other; another; else; new,
Matt. 7:1; inla tohnot, to send others,
Matt. 14: 35.

inla, ady., oddly.

inla, a., strange, Luke 5: 26; queer; for-
eign; different; other; any other; some
other; contrary; dissimilar; unwonted;
wrong, as hina inla, the wrong road;
inla yor, another; Matt. 10: 23; inla hon,
another place, Acts 12: 17; marvelous;
odd; quaint; singular; uncouth; in/aka
yato, other; Matt. 13:8, hatak inla, John
4: 38.

inla, n., a change; an innovation; an
oddity; the rest; strangeness.

inla, v. n., to be strange, etc.

inla, v.a.i., to alter; to change; to vary,
as, it alters, it changes, etc.; aiinlat ia
keyu hoke, Ch. Sp. Book, p. 36; avnla,
Matt. 17: 2.

inla, pp., changed; altered; inlat taha,
entirely changed.

inla anukcheto keyu, a., independent.

inla fehna, a., marvelous; monstrous.

inla hinla, a., mutable; variable.

inla ikbi, v. t., to transform.

inla ikholbo, v. a. i., to differ.

inla ilahobbi, v. t., to personate.

inla immi, a., another’s.

inla immi kia ahalaia, a., impertinent.

inla shali, a., changeable; addicted to
change; unsteady.

inla toba, v. n., to be converted, etc.

inla toba, n., variance; a variation.

inlahe keyu, a., unalterable; unchange-
able.

inlat toba, pp., converted, Matt. 18: 3;
changed; made different; modified;
aiinla toba, transfigured, Matt. 17: 2;
inlat iktobo, a., unconverted.

inlat toba, n., conversion.

inlachi, vy. t., to alter; to change; to
make a change or difference; to con-
vert; to innovate; to modify; to shift;
to vary; inlanchi, nasal form. .

inlachi, n., one who alters or changes;
a changer; an innovator.

inlat, adv., strangely.

$4339°—Bull. 46—15——_13

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

193

inli, a., self; as ano inhi, I myself; ilap
inli, yammak inli, ete.

inli, adv., also, generally used with ak,
as akinli, that also, again, Matt. 4: 7;
akinli, that again; also, Matt. 6: 21.

inluhmi, a., fold, the same quantity
added; double, 2 Sam. 24: 3; from inli
and ohmi; inluhmi tuklo, a., twofold, or
double; inluhmi tuchina, a., threefold;
treble; triple; inluhmi tuchinachi, v. t.,
to treble; inluhmi ushta, a., fourfold;
inluhmi talapi, a., fivefold; inluhmi han-
ali, a., sixfold; inluhmi untuklo, a.,seven-
fold; inluhmi wntuchina, a., eightfold;
inluhmi chakali, a., ninefold; inluhmi
pokoli, a., tenfold; and so of other num-
bers, which therefore need not all be
written out.

innuchi, pp., put round the neck, as
beads, necklace, ete.

innuchi, inuchi (q. v.), n., a neckcloth,
ete.

imnosishboya, n., the joint of the neck;
vertebra.

i2nowa, vy. t., to visit; to visit him.

i2nowa, n., a visitor.

i2nowa, n., a visit.

inta, exclamation, come; well; now; be-
hold, Matt. 10: 16; 13: 3.

intakashi, n., his melt. This is one of
a few common nouns that take dative
pronouns, viz., imiskauata foni, his col-
lar bone; iwalwa, pit of his stom-
ach; irkolupi, his windpipe.

intakobi, v. a. i., to lounge.

intakobi, a., lazy; indolent; slothful;
dull, Matt. 13: 15; tired; wearied; idle;
languid; slothful; supine; truant. This
is one of a few words that are now
used only with the dative pronoun, viz.,
inhullo, ima, sanali, imponna, ishati,
imanya.

intakobi, v. n., to be lazy; v. a. i., to
saunter.

intakobi, pp., harassed.

intakobi,n., laziness; sloth; slothfulness;
idleness; indolence; languidness.

intakobi, n., a lounger; a truant.

intakobi, adv., lazily.

intakobichi, intakobechi, v. t., to make
lazy; to tire; to weary; to harass, Luke
18: 5.

intannap, n., the other; the other side,
Luke 6: 29; the reverse.

194

intannap, a., off; most distant, as the
offside or off horse.

intek, n., his sister; language proper for
aman. Ifa woman should say antekma
it would imply that she was a man.
See Matt. 13: 56. :

intek aliha, n., the sisterhood.

intek toba, n., his stepsister.

intikba, n., his or her maternal ances-
tors; a patriarch.

intikba heka, n., a pilot.

intoksali, n., service.

intola, intula, vy. t., to have; to have
something lying by him.

intolahpi, n., a foundation, 1 Tim. 6: 19.

intula, n., a foundation; underpinning.

intula bok, v. t., to underpin.

inuchechi, v. t., to put a neckcloth, ete.,
upon another.

inuchi, v. t., to put a neckcloth, cravat,
etc., upon one’s self; imunchi, nasal
form; see innuchi.

inuchi, innuchi, n., aneckcloth; a neck-
lace; ashawl; a cravat; a stock; a string
of beads, or anything worn round the
neck, even a strap or collar; a tucker.

inuchi, n., a pawner.

inuchi chinakbi, n., a gorget; a semi-
circular breastplate, or a silver neck
covering, such as Choctaw wear.

inuchi foki, y. t., to collar; to put ona
collar.

inuchi lusa, n., a black neckcloth; a
black cravat; a black silk handkerchief.

inukhatklo, n., charity; mercy; com-
passion.

nukkilli, see nukkilli.

i2nukoa, n., a railer.

inunchi lusa, n., a black stock.

ipaf, n., a dog of any kind; sapaf, my
dog; chipaf, thy dog; usually spoken of
dogs as belonging to some person; see
ofi.

ipeta, y. t., to minister; to nourish; to
nurture; to serve; to administer, as
medicine; to give; to feed; to present;
to bestow; to foster; to furnish; to im-
part, Matt. 6: 11; 10: 42; 14: 19; 15: 26;
hashipetashke, Matt. 14: 16; sapeta, give
me; issapeta, you give me; ilhpita, pp.;
ilimpa ipeta, v. t., to treat; ipehinta,
Matt. 6: 26.

ipeta, n., a giver; a feeder; a nourisher.

ipeta atabli, y. t., to surfeit.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

ipetachi, v. t., to give; to marry a
woman, as many things are given as
presents; ohoyo ipetachi, to feed.

ipi4shik, pishik, n., the teat; the breast;
the nipple; the bag; the dug; the pap;
an udder, Luke 23: 29.

ipo, n., her sister-in-law, i. e., her hus-
band’s sister; his son’s wife.

ipochi, n., his father-in-law; sappochi,
my father-in-law.

ipochi halloka, n., his father-in-law,
the father of his wife; halloka is an
appellative proper only for the son-in-
law and the father-in-law to use; see
haloka.

ipochi itimapa, n., a coachwhip snake.

ipochi ohoyo, n., his mother-in-law, the
mother of his wife.

ipokni, n., his grandmother; his great-
grandmother; her mother-in-law; sah-
pokni or hapokni, my grandmother.

ippok, vy. n., to be a son-in-law; ont
ippok taiyaha, Luke 20: 31 [?].

ippok, ipok, n., a son-in-law; a daugh-
ter-in-law, Matt. 10: 35; a grandchild.

ippok nakni, n., a grandson.

ippok tek, n., a granddaughter.

ippokni, n., grandmother, or his, her,
or their grandmother; a granddam; a
mother-in-law, Matt. 10: 35; appokni,
my grandmother.

i2putspoa, see impu"spoa, and imsunk-
sowa.

is, changed from ish, pro. 2d per. sing.,
before active verbs, thou; is appears
before another pronoun, as issanhollo,
issapthinsashke, Luke 1: 38; issapesa,
issathana, ete.; issiaiokpachi, Matt. 4: 9;
8:21; issiaiamashke, give me, Matt. 14: 8.

isakshup, isi hakshup, n., a deerskin.”

isapuntak, ishapuntak, n., a mosqui-
to or muskito.

isapuntak inchuka, n., mosquito bars;
bed curtains.

i2sannih, to meet with; to come against
on a road, as a hunter meets a deer;
insannali; isannant arya.

isi, issi, n., a deer.

isi anowa, n., a deer’s track.

isi abi, isabi, n., one who kills venison;
a hunter.

isi chito, n., an elk.

isi chito nakni, n., a hart.

BYINGTON |

isi chufakni, n., a spike buck; a buck
about two years of age.

isi folaktuli, n., a forked-horn deer,
more than two years old.

isi hakshup, see, isakshup.

isi humma tek, n., a hind.

isi intakkonlushi, n., a species of wild
plum.

isi kosoma, n., a goat; a fetid deer;
a chamois.

isi kosoma nakni, n., a he-goat; a
buck.

isi kosoma nukshopa, n., the ibex.

isi kosoma tek, n., the female goat; a
she-goat.

isi kosomushi, n., a kid.

isi kosomushicheli, v. t., to kid.

isi lahpitta, n., a stag; a full-horned
buck.

isi lapish filamminchi, n., trochings;
the small branches on the top of a
deer’s head.

isi nakni, n., a buck.

isi nakni afammi tuchina, n., a sorrel;
a buck of the third year.

isi nakni hakshup, n., a buck’s skin.

isi nakni humma, n., a stag.

isi nakni lapish falaktuchi, n.,apricket;
a buck in his second year.

isi nia, n., deer’s tallow.

isinia pichelichi, n., name of a bird
called the whistling plover.

isi nipi, n., venison.

isi tek, n., a doe.

isi ushi, isushi, n., a fawn; a young
deer.

isi ushi cheli, v. t., to fawn.

isikkopa, issikkopa, n., torment; dis-
tress; misery.

isikkopa, issikkopa, pp., tormented;
accursed; cursed; punished; racked,
Matt. 4: 24; 8:6; 15: 22.

isikkopa, a., miserable.

isikkopalechi, y. t. and caus., to tor-
ment; to cause torment.

isikkopalechi, n., a tormentor.

isikkopali, v. t., to distress; to torment
to chasten; to chastise; to curse; to
punish; to rack; to persecute, Matt.
10: 23; isht issikkopali, tribulation, Matt.
13: 21; disikkopali, to torment oneself.

isikkopali, n., a tormentor; torment;
ilisikkopah, a self-tormentor; self-tor-
ment.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

195

isikkopalit abi, v. t., to massacre.

isikkopalit abi, n., a massacre.

isikkopalit petichi, v. t., to tyrannize.

isikopa, vy. t., v. a. i., to cram; to glut-
tonize.

isikopa, n., a glutton; debauchery.

isikopa, a., gluttonous; v. n., to be glut-
tonous.

isikopa shali, a., gluttonous to excess.

isikopa shali, n., a great glutton; a
voluptuary.

isikopali, v. t., to raven.

isikopali, a., ravenous.

isimi"lusak, n., the devil’s shoestring
(a plant).

isito, n., a pumpkin; a squash; a pom-
pion.

isito api, n., a pumpkin vine.

isito holba, n., a squash.

isito honni, n., cooked pumpkin; stewed
pumpkin.

isito ibish, n., the end of the pumpkin
where the stem grows.

isito ikfuka, n., the meat part of the
pumpkin.

isito lakna, n., a yellow pumpkin; a
ripe pumpkin.

isito sala, n., a hard-shelled pumpkin.

iskali, n. (from escalin), a dime; a nine-
pence; a bit; a 123-cent piece of money;
a drachm; a penny, Mark 12: 15.

iskali achafa, n., a ninepence; one bit.

iskatani, a., small.

iskatani, v. n., to be small.

iskatanichi, v. t. caus., to make small;
to lessen; to retrench.

iskatanusi, a., very small; quite small.

iskatanusi, v. n., to be very small.

iskatinosi, adj., smallish, Matt. 7: 13;
na hishunluk iskatinosi, a mote, Matt.
COSA:

iskifa,iski®fa (Longtown form),n., an ax.

iskifa ahalupa, n., the edge of an ax.

iskifa chiluk, n., the eye of an ax.

iskifa chushak, n., the head of an ax.

iskifa halupa, n., a sharp ax.

iskifa nishkin, n., the eye of an ax.

iskifa nushkobo, n., the head of an ax.

iskifa patha,n.,a broad ax; acarpenter’s
ax.

iskifa ulhpi, iskifaiulhpi, n., an ax
helve.

iskifa wishakchi, n., the bit of an ax.

iskifapi, n., an ax helve.

196 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

iskifushi, n., a hatchet; a tomahawk.

iskifushi isht chanli,v. t., to tomahawk.

iskitini, iskitani, a. sing., small; little,
Matt. 18: 2; diminutive; paltry; petty;
puny; scanty; acute or high as to sound;
fine, in music; chipunta pl. Some Choc-
taw use the word chaha.

iskitini, v. n., to be small, Matt. 13: 32.

iskitini, pp., lessened; made small; di-
minished; extenuated; reduced.

iskitini, n., smallness; littleness; a high
key; little; a small quantity.

iskitini, adv., little.

iskitini chohmi, a., smallish.

iskitinichi, vy. t., to lessen; to make
small; to pitch too high, as a sound in
music; to diminish; to extenuate; to
narrow; to reduce; to scrimp. Some
say chahachi.

iskitinisi, iskitinesi, iskitinusi, a.,
small; smallish, John 2: 15[?]; quite
small; also adv., chiskitinesi, 1 Sam. 15:
fale

iskitinisi, iskitinusi, v. n., to be small.

iskitinisi, iskitinusi, n.,a jot; a small
quantity; a particle; a whit.

iskuna, n., the bowels; the entrails; the
intestines; the guts; the inwards; the
core; the heart; the pith; tripe; viscera;
the heart of a tree in distinction from
the bark and sap.

iskuna kucha, pp., emboweled; gutted;
ruptured; eviscerated.

iskuna kucha, n., a rupture.

iskuna kuchi, y. t., to embowel; to gut;
to rupture; to viscerate; to eviscerate.

iskuna laua, a., pithy.

iso, n., offspring; son; a child; saso, my
son; a son, Mark 12: 6; Matt. 3:17;
ushi is the word most in use for son,
ete., in the 3d person, saso ma, my
son, Matt. 9: 2.

iso nakni, n., a son; a male child; see
alla nakni.

iso tek, n., a daughter; see oshetik.

issa, v. t., v. a. i, to quit; to leave; to
forsake; to renounce; to abandon; to
stop, Luke 5: 4; to abdicate; to cede; to
end, Luke 4: 13; to cease; to come off;
to depart; to desert; to discontinue; to
expire; to fail; to flinch; to forego; to
give; to halt; to hush; to knuckle; to
part; to pause; to recant; to reject; to
release; to relinquish; to remit; to re-

[BULL, 46

sign; to rest; to revolt; to secede; to
stanch; to vacate; to void to; waive; to
yield; sassa, to leave me; ‘esa, pro.
form.

issa, exclam., hush; quit, etc.

issa, n., a forsaker; one who quits; a
leaver; a turncoat.

issa,n., a cessation; a desertion; a quit-
ting; abdication; a departure; a re-
lease; a remission; a render; a resig-
nation; a stop.

issa, pp., deserted; forsaken; abolished;
abdicated; stanched; vacated; yielded.

issa, a., extinct; quit.

issa®, thou-me; issa”kashofahinlashke,
Matt. 8:2; issanmihashke, bid me, Matt.
14: 28; haklot issa, Matt. 15: 12; issat ia,
to leave, Matt. 16: 4; Josh. 6:8.

issa hinla, a., expirable.

issahe keyu ikbi, v. t., to immortalize.

issachechi, vy. t., caus., to cause to abol-
ish.

issachi, y. t., to abolish; to arrest; to
cease; to discharge; to dismiss; to
abandon; to cause to quit, ete. ; to check;
to decide; to discharge; to free; to
discontinue; to intermit; to stanch; to
stifle; to still; to stop; to suppress; to
stay, 2 Sam. 24: 16.

issachi, n., an abolisher, etc.; one who
discharges, dismisses, etc.; a check; a
stopper.

issap, n., a louse; lice.

issap isht albi, n., a louse trap; a fine
comb; an ivory comb.

issap laua, issap inlaua, a., lousy;
swarming with lice; or he is lousy.

issap laua, issap inlaua, v. n., to be
lousy.

issap likeli, a., lousy.

issap nihi, n., a nit; the seed of a louse.

issi, see isi.

issi, thou-me, Matt. 14: 8.

issi okla issa, n., a traitor.

issikkopa, see isikkopa; tormented, Matt.
8: 6; to suffer, Matt. 17: 12, 15.

issimallu4sak, see imallu”sak.

issish, n., blood; gore, Matt. 16: 17;
imissish, his blood, Josh. 2: 19.

issish akshish, n., veins; blood vessels;
arteries.

issish bano, a., bloody; all blood;
sanguinary.

|
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BYINGTON |

issish bano, vy. n., to be bloody; ‘ssish
banochi, to make all bloody; to bloody.

issish bieka, a., bloody.

issish hanta, n., sacred blood.

issish hoeta, y. n., to puke blood; to
vomit blood.

issish hoeta, n., a vomiting of blood.

issish ithina, n.,a blood vessel; a vein;
an artery.

issish i"hina chito ikonla bachaya, n.,
the jugular vein.

issish ithina tumpli, v. t., to bleed.

issish i"hina tumpli, n., venesection.

issish ikfia, n., a dysentery.

issish ikfia, a., sick with the dysentery.

issish ikfia, v. n., to be sick with the
dysentery.

issish iklanna, n., half blood.

issish itkucha, pp., bled; blood taken
from him.

issish i"kuchi, v. t., to take blood; to
let blood; to bleed him; to take out his
blood.

issish i"kuchi, n., one who bleeds.

issish itkuchi, n., venesection.

issish inchito,a., plethoric; full of blood;
lit., his blood is large.

issish inchito, y. n., to be plethoric.

issish inchito, n., plethora.

issish inlaua, y. n., to be plethoric.

issish inlaua, n., plethora.

issish isht kuchi, n., a fleam; a lancet.

issish isht okchaya, n., lifeblood.

issish kucha, v. a. 1., to bleed.

issish laksha, n., a bloody sweat.

issish laksha, v. n., to sweat blood.

issish laua, a., sanguinary; sanguine.

issish minti, v. a. i., to bleed.

issish mitafa, y.a. i., to bleed.

issish mitafa, n., a bleeding; a hem-
orrhage.

issish mitaffi, v. t., to press out blood;
to bleed; to cause to bleed.

issish walakachi, n., a clot of blood;
clotted blood.

isso, v. t., sing., to smite; to strike; to
beat; to bunt; to bump; to cuff; to hit;
to jostle; to knock; to lay, as to lay on a
blow; to pelt; to pound; to touch;
aiihinso, beat upon, Matt. 7: 25; issot
kanchi, Josh. 8: 22; chik aiisso, Matt.
4: 6; sasso, to strike me, or he strikes
me; aiisso, v. t., to hit; itavisso, to smite

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

19%

each other; to clash; to collide; to hit
each other; to hitch; to interfere, as a
horse; isht atisso, v. t., to stand.

isso, n., a striker; a smiter; a knocker;
a pelter.

isso, n.,a blow; a stroke; a beat; a bump;
a lick; a dent; ahit; aslam; a touch; a
trip; itaiisso, n., a clash; a collision.

issochi, y. t., to cause to strike; itavissochi,
to cause to strike each other; to clash;
to overreach, as a horse.

issot falama, y. a. i., to rebound.

issot kanchi, v. t., to destroy, 2 Sam.
24: 16.

isuba, issuba, n., derived from isi holba,
as some say; a horse; a steed; anag; a
courser; a pony; a hobby.

isuba ahalalli, n., aswingtree; a swingle-
tree; a whippletree; a whiflletree.

isuba aiimpa,n., a horse range; a horse
pasture; any place for feeding horses;
a stall.

isuba aiimpa foki, v. t., to stall.

isuba aiimpa peni, n.,a manger; ahorse-
trough; a crib, Luke 2: 7.

isuba aiitanowa, n., a horse range; the
place where horses ramble.

isuba aiitintimiya,n., the turf; a race
ground.

isuba aiomanili itanowa,n., aspurway.

isuba akucha, n., a horse ford; a horse
pass.

isuba atopulli, n., a horse ford; a horse
pass.

isuba apa, n., oats.

isuba basoa, n., a zebra.

isuba bokboki, n., a roan horse.

isuba fochunli, n., the dandruff of a
horse.

isuba foka sita, isuba iffuka, n., a sur-
cingle.

isuba haksobish falaia, n., a mule; an
ass; a donkey, | Kings 10: 25.

isuba haksobish falaia nakni, n., a
jackass; a male donkey.

isuba halalli, n., a draft horse.

isuba hioli achafa, n., a horse team.

isuba hishi, n., horsehair; the short hair
of a horse.

isuba hobak, n., a gelding.

isuba hu®kupa, n., a horsethief.

isuba i2hina, n., a horse way; a bridle
path; a spurway.

198 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

isuba ikonla isht talakchi, n., a throat-
latch; a martingale.

isuba ilafia, n., a handsome horse.

isuba imalikchi, n., a farrier; one who
professes to cure the diseases of horses.

isuba imbita, n., the headband or strap
of a bridle; the ear band of a bridle.

isuba imilhpak, n., feed; horse feed.

isuba imponolo, n., along halter; a long
horse rope.

isuba inchahe, n., a plow.

isuba inchuka, n., a stable.

isuba inchuka fohki, y.t., to stable; to
put into a stable.

isuba intintimia, n., a racehorse; one
that races.

isuba inuchi, n., a horse bell; a bell col-
lar; a horse collar.

isuba inuchi anu®kaka takali, n., a
clapper.

isuba inuchi ikbi, n., a bell founder; a
bell maker.

isuba i"peni, n., a ferryboat for horses.

isuba iskitini, n., asmall horse; a pony;
a nag.

isuba ishke, n., a breeding mare; an old
mare; lit., a mother horse.

isuba isht fama, isuba ishit fama, n.,
a horsewhip.

isuba isht fullota, n., a leading line;
a long rein used in guiding a plow
horse.

isuba isht halalli, n., the gear of a horse;
the tackle of a horse.

isuba isht halalli fohki, y. t., to gear;
to put the gears on a horse.

isuba isht i®shilli, n., a currycomb.

isuba isht pilesa, n., the gear of a horse;
horse gear; horse tackling; harness.

isuba isht shali, n., traces for a horse.

isuba isht toksali, n., harness for a
horse; gear for a horse.

isuba i"shulush, n., a horseshoe.

isuba itatoba, n., a jockey; a horse
jockey; a norse trader.

isuba itichapa, n., a span of horses.

isuba itikapali, n., the bit of a bridle.

isuba itintimia, n., a horserace.

isuba itintimia, v. a. i., to run in a
race, as horses; to race.

isuba iyakchush, n., the hoof of a horse.

isuba iyakchush isht bashli, n., a but-
tress.

isuba iyi hishi, n., the fetlock.

[BULL. 46

isuba iyi isht talakchi, isubiyi isht
intalakchi, n., a horse fetter; a horse
hobble; a hobble, a name in use in the
Southwest.

isuba iyi tali iyi lapalichi, n., a farrier;
a horseshoer.

isuba iyi tali lapali, n., a horseshoe.

isuba iyi tali lapalichi, v. t., to shoe a
horse.

isuba kanchi, n., a horse dealer.

isuba kapali, n., a bridle.

isuba kapali isht talakchi, n., bridle
reins.

isuba kapali kapalichi, v. t., to bridle
a horse.

isuba kostininchi, n., a horse-breaker.

isuba liposhi, n., a jade.

isuba nakni, n., a male horse; a stal-
lion; a stone horse; a seed horse; a
studhorse.

isuba nashoba, n., an ass; a mule; a
donkey.

isuba nashoba nakni, n., a jackass.

isuba nali, n., horseback; the back of a
horse.

isuba omanili, isuba ombinili, n., horse-
back; a horseman; a rider, 1 Kings
10: 26.

isuba omanili tashka, n., a light-horse
man; adragoon; a hussar; light horse;
a trooper.

isuba omanili tashka alia, n., cay-
alry; a company of light-horse men.

isuba ontala tashka, n., a light-horse
man; a dragoon.

isuba shali achafa, n., a horse load.

isuba shapo shali, n., a sumpter; a
baggage horse; a pack horse.

isuba shapulechi, v. t., to pack a horse;
to load a horse.

isuba shapuli, n., a led horse; a sump-
ter; a baggage horse; a pack horse.

isuba shinimpa, n., a courser.

isuba tanchi fotoli,.n., a horse mill.

isuba ta™sh fotoli, n., a mill horse.

isuba tek, n., a mare.

isuba tek himmita, n., a filly.

isuba tikba heli, n., the fore horse.

isuba toksali, n., a draft horse; a hack-
ney.

isuba umpatalhpo, n., a saddle.

isuba umpatalhpo akama, pp., unsad-
dled.

—— ee eEeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee

—— Ts aes

BYINGTON |

isuba umpatalhpo alata, n., a saddle
pad.

isuba umpatalhpo ashapuli, n., a pack
saddle.

isuba umpatalhpo falakto, n., a side
saddle.

isuba umpatalhpo haksobish, n., a sad-
dle skirt.

isuba umpatalhpo ikbi, n., a saddler;
a saddle maker.

isuba umpatalhpo nushkobo, n., the
pommel of a saddle.

isuba umpatalhpo o®tlipa nan tanna,
n., housing.

isuba umpatalhpo patali, v. t., to sad-
dle.

isubiyi isht intalakchi, see isuba iyi
isht talakchi.

isubushi, n., a colt; a foal.

isubushi cheli, vy. t., to foal; to colt.

iMsu2ksowa, i2pu2spoa, v. t., to kiss him.

isunlash, n., the tongue; the instrument
of taste and the chief instrument of
speech; a neap or the pole of a cart.

isunlash chutata, a., double-tongued;
false.

isunlash illi, a., tongue-tied.

isunlash illi, y. n., to be tongue-tied.

isunlash illi, y. a. i., to stutter; to lisp.

isunlash illi, n., a stutterer.

isunlash tuklo, a., double-tongued;
false; two-tongued.

isunlash ushi, n., the palate.

isushi, n., a fawn; a young deer. It is
said by old hunters that dogs can not
smell the track of a young fawn while
it remains spotted; see isi wshi.

ish, per. pro., pre. to active verbs, thou,
nom. case, as ishia, thou goest; is be-
fore sam and sa”, thou-me, thou for me
or to me; issama, thou give me; issan-
nukhaklo, thou pity me; thou, Matt.
17: 27. Used also, asa possessive, thy,
thine; thy prayers, etc. Acts 10: 4.

ish, a conj., used with li, I; as ialish, I
go and; also ef. akithanokish; one vowel
is dropped, as is common where two
thus come together; cf. sh and cha.

ishahe keyu, a., inadmissible; unattain-
able.

ishahpi (from ishi and ahpi), n., first
born; see Matt. 1: 25.

i4shaht ia, v. a. i., to grow; to increase;
to enlarge; to rise; to wax.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

199

iMshaht ishtia, v. t., to increase; to
swell.

iMshaht taha, pp., made greatest; ren-
dered greatest, ete.

itshaht tali, a., greatest; largest; high-
est; sign of the sup. deg. of comp.; su-
perlative.

itshaht tati, v. n., to be greatest.

iMshalakli, a., being a little more; a lit-
tle larger.

ishatechi, see ishalichi.

i4shatechichi, y. t. caus., to cause to ex-
ceed; to dominate; to enhance.

iMshah, a., superior; better; surpassing;
sign of the comparative degree of
comp.; above; greater; i@shali fehna,
extreme; dominant; main; major; more;
predominant; prevalent; principal ;
sovereign; supereminent; greater,
John. 1: 50.

iMshah, v. n., to be superior; to be greater;
to exceed, Josh. 4: 24; Matt. 5: 20; 6:
25; 11: 22, 24; iminshali, to prefer;
chiminshati, better for thee; imshashuli,
pl., @shaiyati, pro., in imi®shaiyati ; isht
inshati y. a. i., to increase, John 3: 30,
Matt. 12: 12, to outgo; nanta isht inshata
heto; isht imshatechi, vy. t., to cause to
increase; to aggravate; to increase; isht
inshat isht ia, v. a. 1., to increase; to
thrive; pp., increased; isht i%shat ma-
haya, v. a. i., to progress.

itshali, y. a. i., to exceed; to be greater;
John 4: 12; to prevail; to wax; imin-
shati, v. t., to prefer.

i4shahi, n., a superior; a lord; the main
body; a majority; a master, Matt. 6: 24;
sir; rabbi.

iMshali, adyv., mainly; more; supremely.

i@shah bano, a., paramount.

i®shali banna, a., emulous; wishing to
excel.

i4shali banna, vy. n., to be emulous.

iMshali banna, v. t., to emulate.

iMshah banna, n., an emulator.

iMshah hatak, n., a principal; a chief
man.

iMshal imanumpa, n., an
embassage.

i4shali imanumpa isht aya, n., an
express.

i@shali imanumpeshi, n., an ambas-
sador; an envoy.

embasssy;

200 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

i4shali nan isht imatta, n., a minister;
a servant.

ishatichi, ishalihchi, i"shatechi, vy. t.,
to exceed; to surpass; to cause to ex-
ceed; to excel; to master; to outdo; to
predominate; to subdue; to top; to do
much more, Matt. 7: 11.

ishaltihchi, see ishatichi.

i4shalit okpulo, vy. a. i., to be made
worse, Matt. 9: 16.

ishapuntak, see isapuntak.

ishbi, v. t. irreg., 2d per. sing., from abi,
thou killest. The first vowel of the
verb abi is dropped, and so of apa, ala,
ano.

ishhitsh, see ikhitsh.

ishi, eshi, v. t., to take; to hold; to get;
toseize; toapprehend; to draft; to draw;
to embrace; to entertain; to gain; to
grab; to grasp; to harbor; to cover,
as the floor; to bear children, as a
woman, 1 Sam. 2: 21; covered the hills,
Ch. W., p. 18, to assume; to attach; to
come by; to receive, Matt. 10: 41; 14:
20; ishwa, pl. of ishi; inshi, inhinshi, hav-
ing, holding, etc.; isht holisso han in-
shili, I am holding the pen; ieshi, pro.,
to keep, 1 Sam, 7: 1; Matt. 5: 23; chin-
shachi, shall hold thee, Luke 4: 10; ieshi,
to draw (the sword), 2 Sam. 24: 9;
sanshi, John 6: 56; veshichi, to make; to
inherit, 1 Sam. 2: 8; itishi, to take to-
gether; to take each other; to wrestle;
ilaitinshi, to take unto himself, as to take
an evil spirit, John 8: 48, 52; dlaieshi,
to have, Matt. 11:18; 15: 30; 16: 27; eshi,
to travail, 1 Sam. 4:19; imaiishi, to dis-
possess him; to unfurnish him; i%shi,
to keep back; imishi, to wrest; hatak
imishi,v.t., to unman: aiishi, to unhinge;
to take off as a saddle; to unsaddle; to
divest; to take away, Matt. 5: 40; 7: 4;
13: 20, 22, 23; to imbibe; to include; to
keep; to maintain; to obtain; to partake;
to preserve; to procure; to receive;
to touch; to twine; to vest.

ishi, i"shi, n., a taker; a seizer; a holder;
a maintainer; an obtainer; a partaker;
a receiver; a winner.

ishi, n., a grasp; a hold; a holding; an
occupation; a possession; a receipt; re-
ception; a taking; a touch; a winning.

ishi, a., engaging; captivating.

[ BULL. 46

i@shi, y. t., to have; to hold; to oceupy;
to keep; to own; to provide; to reserve;
to restrain; to retain; to steady; to win;
to have, Matt. 13: 12; 15: 34; Acts 5: 2,
3; ikesho, to refuse; ikesho, a., unac-
cepted; not taken; uncollected; unre-
ceived; untaken; ihimshi, Matt. 11: 12;
imhinsht ia, to go to catch or take.

ishi, n., a reservation; a reserve.

Ishi, n., an occupier; an owner.

itshikalla, see shikalla.

ishit, see isht.

ishit fohki, v. t., to take and put in; to
betray, Matt. 17: 22; ishahe keyu, a.,
unrecoverable.

ishit tiwa, see isht tiwa.

ishkanapa, isht kanapa, a., casual; ac-
cidental, Luke 10: 36.

ishkanapa, y. n., to be casual or acci-
dental; to happen, as an injury; sash-
kanapa, I met with an accident.

ishkanapa, n., an accident; a casualty; a
disaster; an ill.

ishkanapachi, vy. t., to jeopard, 2 Sam.
Pra ALY

ishke, shke, oshke, ashke, a particle
used at the end of sentences and sul-
fixed to the last word to give a little
more strength and dignity to the style,
being much used in solemn style. It
may be regarded as an intensitive hay-
ing the force of do in English, but is a
more dignified expression than do.
Generally suffixed to verbs or to words
where a verb is understood, or an ad-
verb, as it closes a sentence or a period,
which requires a verb to compose it.
The final vowel of the verb is generally
retained, except that a becomes a and
eis changed to 7 before shke.

ishki, n., a mother; a dam; also his
mother, her mother, their mother. The
sisters of a mother are called ishki also.
Matt 2201513; 14, 119) 20) 21-83) 140:
35; 12: 46; 13: 55; hashke, my mother,
Matt. 12: 48, 49, 50.

ishki ahalaia, a., maternal.

ishki abi, n., a matricide.

ishki imanumpa, n., mother tongue;
his mother’s language.

ishki toba, n.,a stepmother; also an aunt
whois sister to the mother; a step dame.

BYINGTON ]

ishki2_sh, ikhi4sh (q. v.), ithi®sh,ok-
hitsh, ishhi sh; n., medicine; ikhinsh
is the most common word.

ishkitini, n., an owl; a large night owl;
the horned owl.

ishko, v. t., v. a. i., to drink, Matt. 6: 31;
to imbibe; to partake; to sup; to take,
ikishko, Matt. 11: 18; ihitshko, drinking,
Matt. 1itelio:

ishko, n., drink; a draft; a potation.

ishko, n., a drinker; a partaker.

ishko achafa, n., a dram; a drink; one
draft; a dose; a drench; a potion.

ishko achafa ikbit itakashkuli, v. t.,
to dose; to prepare doses.

ishko chito, n., a large draft; a swig.

ishko fena, y. t., to booze; to drink
deeply.

ishko fena, np., a hard drinker.

ishko fena keyu, a., abstemious.

ishko hinla, a., potable.

ishko shali, n., a great drinker, Matt.
IOUS TKS),

ishkochechi, y. t., to drench; to give
drink; to cause to drink; to dose, to
administer liquid medicines; oka ish-
kochechitok, 1 Sam. 30: 11.

ishkochechit nusechi, n.,
administered.

ishkot hoeta, n., an emetic.

ishkot ikfia, n., a cathartic.

ishkot ikpeso, a., untasted.

ishkot nusi, n., an opiate.

ishkot pisa, v. t., to taste; totry to drink.

ishkot tali, v. t., v. a. i., to drink up; to
drink it all; to drink off.

ishla, v. t. irreg., 2d per. sing., from ala;
thou arrivest.

ishmo, v. t. irreg., 2d per sing., from
amo, thou pickest.

ishpa, v. t. irreg., 2d per. sing., from
apa, thou eatest.

Ishpani, a., Spanish; n., Spain.

Ishpani hatak, n., a Spaniard.

Ishpani okla, n., Spaniards;
people.

Ishpani yakni, n., the Spanish country;
Spain.

isht, ishit, formed from ‘ishi and ¢, to take
and insht iat, Matt. 8:4, from ish, take
and iat, go. This is an abbreviated
mode of speaking. This word ismuch
used: (1) as a preposition, with, for,
on account of, concerning, and in this

an opiate

Spanish

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

201

way indicates the cause, manner, or
instrument by which some action
takes place, as isht chanli, to chop
with; isht abeka, to be sick with; isht
anumpuli, to talk about; isht hachin-
mihachahe, shall condemn you with,
Matt. 7: 2; isht hachimalhpisahe; ishit
saholitobli, to honor me _ with; isht
imaholitopa, Matt. 11: 19, 20; nan
isht amihachi, to upbraid for; isht a, of;
by; therewith; thereby; by means of;
by whom, Matt. 18:7, 13; isht ai, Matt.
18:16: (2) when combined with a verb
it gives ita new form, and indeed makes
it a compound word, as minti, to come;
isht minti, to bring, or take it and start
or come; ta, to go; isht ia, to carry, or
take it and go; aba, to arrive; isht ala,
to bring or take it and come: (3) it is
used to make verbal nouns, i. e., nouns
derived from verbs, as ishko, to drink;
isht ishko, a cup; talakchi, to be tied; isht
talakchi, a string; a tether: (4) it is used
to express all the ordinal numbers ex-
cept the first four, 1, 2, 3, 4; isht talapi,
the fifth; isht hanali, the sixth; isht
aiushta, fourth, is also used: (5) used
with a y. a. i. it makes it v. t.; yaiya, to
cry; isht yaiya, to ery about it or him
(this may be classed also under sec. 1):
(6) means, cause, or instrument; with;
by means of, etc.; thereby; therewith;
thereat; therein; isht a, means and
source; by means of; isht aholitopa, be-
come rich by means of.

isht abahchakli, n., a spoon (oldname);
isht impa is a better word.

isht abeka, n., infection; cause of sick-
ness.

isht abeka, v. n., to be sick with.

isht abekachi, y. t., to infect by means
of it; to make sick with it.

isht abiha, n., the string or cord used in
stretching hides when hung up to dry.

isht aboli, n., a small ball playground
for practice.

isht achunli, n., a needle; a sewing
needle; an awl; any sewing instrument.

isht afacha, n., a latch; a button to a
door; a fastener; a hasp.

isht afana, n., a pry; a lever; a hand-
spike.

isht afekomi, see isht afekommi.

202 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

isht afikomi (see isht afekommi); pro.
form, isht afekoyumi.

isht afinni, n., a lever.

isht afoli, v. t., to ‘shroud; to wrap
round with it.

isht ahabli, n., the strap used by shoe-
makers to bind the shoe to their knees,
etc.

isht ahalaia, n., a care; a concern; an
interest.

isht ahalaia, a., responsible.

isht ahama, n., ointment; unction;
unguent.

isht ahauchi, n., avails; profits.

isht ahbichakali, a., nineteenth.

isht ahbichakaliha, adv., nineteenth
time.

isht ahchifa, n., soap; a lotion.

isht ahchifa apokpokechi, n., a lather
box.

isht ahchifa balama, n., castile soap;
scented soap.

isht ahchifa kallo, n., bar soap; hard
soap.

isht ahchifa nashuka ahammi, n.,
lather for shaving the beard.

isht ahchifa o™tali, y. t., to soap.

isht ahchifa pokpoki, n., soapsuds;
suds.

isht ahobachi, n., a pattern.

isht ahofahya, n., reproach, Josh. 5: 9.

isht aholitopa, n., the glory, Matt. 6: 13;
G2.

isht ahollo, vy. t., to perform a miracle,
John 4: 54; to witch.

isht ahollo, a., magnificent; majestic.

isht ahollo, n., one who performs mira-
cles; a wonderful being; a witch; a
demoniac; a sorcerer.

isht ahollo, n., a miracle, John 2: 11; see
aiisht ahollo, conjuration; witcheraft.

isht ahollo ilahobi, isht ahullo ila-
hobbi, v. a. i., to juggle; to conjure; to
pretend to witchcraft.

isht ahollo ilahobi, n., a juggler.

isht ahullochika, a., clean; ceremoni-
ously clean or religiously clean; see
Gen. 8: 20.

isht aia®ti, n., evidence.

isht aialhpisa, n., a sign, Matt. 16: 3.

isht aiilbasha, n., adversity.

isht aii"palammi, n., a cursing; a
curse, Josh. 8: 34.

(BULL. 46

isht aiokpachi, n., an oblation; an offer-
ing; a salute; a sacrifice or gift, Matt.
23:19; a treater.

isht aiopi, a., the last; the youngest;
the least, Matt. 2: 6; extreme; final;
ultimate; ont isht aiopi, finally, Matt.
5: 26.

isht aiopi, isht aiyopi, v. n., to be the
last, Matt. 12:45; ont imisht aiyopikmat,
in the end of, Matt. 13: 40, 49.

isht aiopi, n., the last one; the one who
is last; conclusion; finis; the hindmost;
the rear; the upshot; utmost.

isht aiopi, adv., last; ultimately; utter-
most.

isht aiopi aiokpachi, n., a valediction.

isht aiopi a®ya, n., rearward.

isht aiopichi, y. t. caus., to make it
last; to close; to make an end.

isht aiukli, n., an ornament; an em-
bellishment; garniture.

isht aiuklichi, vy. t., to ornament with.

isht aiunchululli, n., ageneration, Luke
3:7; Matt. 1: 1; a tribe, Rev. 7: 4.

isht aiushta, a., fourth, Matt. 14: 25.

isht aiushta, vy. n., to be the fourth.

isht aiyopi, see isht wiopi.

isht akama, n., a stopple.

isht akamassa, n., a buckle; a button;
a brooch; paste; putty; a seal; sealing
wax; a tache, Ex. 26: 6.

isht akamassachi, n., a latch; a but-
ton; a buckle.

isht akamassalli, n.,a buckle; a button;
a fastener.

isht akanohmechi, y. t., to cause mis-
chief; to seduce, 1 John 2: 26.

isht akanohmi, a., mischievous; com-
pounded of isht, a., and kanohmi or
kaniohmi, to do somehow.

isht akanohmi, y. n., to be mischievous.

isht akashofa, n., a remission.

isht akmo, n., solder.

isht akostininchi, n., sense.

isht atlampko, n., strength.

isht altepulli, isht atopulli, n.,a brooch;
a breastpin.

isht alopulli, see isht atopulli.

isht amalchi, n., a fan, Luke 3: 17.

isht amiha, n., an excuse; a put off.

isht amiha iksho, a., groundless; with-
out excuse.

isht anchaha, n., paint.

SS

BYINGTON ]

isht aniwilali, n., a sty; a sore on the
eyelid. [I do not recognize this
word.—H. 8. H.]

isht anoli, n., record, John 1: 19.

isht anowa, isht anonowa, cause of
fame; means or occasion of fame.

isht anta, v. t., todo; to be busy with;
to be employed about; nan isht anta, n.,
employment.

isht anta, n., occupation.

isht anukfokat alota, a., filled with,
Luke 4: 1.

isht anukha®klo, n., adversity; cause
of sorrow.

isht anumpa, n., a description; an
account of; a narrative; a dissertation;
praise: also, about (lit., a word about
it); a commentary; an intercession.

isht anumpuli, n., a lauder; a praiser;
a treater; a commentator; a commen-
tary; a debater; an intercessor; an en-
comium; an intercession.

isht anumpulit holissochi, isht an-
umpat holisso, n., a memoir.

isht apakfoa, n., a bandage.

isht apesa, n., a compass; a gage.

isht apu"”fachi, n., a blowpipe.

isht ashana, n., a screw; a lock; a stock
lock.

isht atakalama chito, n., vexatious.

isht ataklama, n., a hindrance; a cause
of delay; a disadvantage; a restraint.

isht atapachi, see isht atatetpachi.

isht ataya,n., posterity; chisht atayaka,
yakni lappa chimalikma, Gen. 48: 4.

isht atia, n., a race; a descent; a breed;
a stock; an extraction.

isht atiaka, n., a clan; fruit; a house;
lineage; pedigree; progeny; a stock;
offspring; pisht atiaka, our offspring;
generation, Matt. 3: 7; tribe, Josh. 1:
122 Be IBIS ez 7/8 los kee

isht atiaka, a., cognate (a descendant).

isht atiaka keyu, a., unrelated.

isht atokowa, n., a sign, Matt. 24: 3;
John 4: 48.

isht auahchafa, a., the 11th; isht awah-
tuklo, a., the 12th; isht auahtuchina,
a., the 13th, and so of other numbers
up to 18th; isht auahuntuchina, a., eight-
eenth; 18th; isht auahchafahaha, ady.,
eleventh time; isht auahtukloha, adv.,
twelfth time, etc.; isht auahtatapiha,
fifteenth time, and so of other numbers.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

203

isht auechi, n., a sender; one who
sends.

isht atya, n., a driver; a carrier; a con-
ductor; a teamster.

isht aya, n., a conveyance.

isht a®ya shali, n., a carrier; ‘‘to take
and carry along.”’

isht afekommi, n., mischief; obstinacy.

isht afekommi, isht afekomi, isht
afekoma, a., troublesome; baleful;
forward; mischievous; peevish; pesti-
lent; petulant; plaguy; refractory; rest-
ive; impudent; troublous; unruly.

isht afekommi, y. n., to be trouble-
some.

isht ala, v. t., to bring, Matt. 9:2: to
draw near, Matt. 15: 8.

isht ala, n., a bringer; an introducer.

isht ala, n., an introduction.

isht albi, n., a witch ball; a bait; a trap;
a snare; a net; a springe.

isht albi intakalichi, v. t., to bait him.

isht albi isht hokli, v. t., to snare.

isht albi nata, pp., shot with a witch
ball.

isht albi nahi, y. t., to shoot with a
witch ball.

isht albi talali, vy. t., to trap; to set a
trap.

isht albiha, n., stuffing.

isht alhchefa, n., soap.

isht alhfoa, n., a garter; a binder.

isht alhkama, n., a stopple; a cork; a
plug; a tap; a wad.

isht alhkata, n., a patch.

isht alhkoha, n., varnishing; gilding.

isht alhpisa, a., figurative.

isht alhpisa, n., a measure; a yard; a
bushel; a gallon; a mile; any measure;
a badge; an ensign; an emblem; a de-
gree; a figure; a gauge; insignia; a
metaphor; a model; a note; an omen;
a picture; a plan; a rule; a sample; a
scale; a sign; a specimen; a square; a
symbol; a symptom; a simile; a test;
a token; a type; ninak isht alhpisa, n.,
watch of the night, Matt. 14: 25.

isht alhpisa tuklo, n., a fathom; two
yards; two measures.

isht alhpolosa, n., mortar; daubing;
plaster.

isht alhtoba, n., a ransom, Matt. 17: 27;
payment; price paid.

904 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

isht almo, n., a scythe; a sickle; any
cutting instrument of the knife kind; a
reaping hook.

isht atopulli, isht alopulli, n.,a broach;
a breastpin.

isht askufachi, n., a belt; a sash; a cine-
ture; a girdle.

isht atapachi, isht atapachi, n., a but-
ton; a barb; a hasp.

isht atapachi ikbi, v. t., to barb; to
make a barb.

isht atta, v. t., to follow.

isht atta, n., business; employment; a
function; an occupation; an office; use.

isht atta, n., an agent or attorney; an
administrator, an actor; any person
having any particular business; a doer;
a factor; a functionary; a manager; a
practicer; a practitioner.

isht attacha hinla, a., sanative.

isht baha, isht bali, isht bahaffi, n.,
a piercer; a spear.

isht baska, n., a card used in games; a
pack of cards; a pack.

isht basto, n., a marble.

isht basha, n., a saw.

isht basha chito, n., a crosscut saw.

isht bashpoa, isht pa™shpoa, isht
pashpoa, n., a broom.

isht bicheli, n., a tap; aspout; a faucet;
a brass cock; a funnel; a tunnel.

isht boa, n., a hammer; a maul; a mal-
let; a beetle.

isht boa api, n., a broomstick.

isht boa chito, n., a large maul; a com-
mander; a heavy beetle.

isht boli, n., a flail.

isht bopuli, n., a sling.

isht chakali, a., ninth; 9th.

isht chakaliha, ady., ninth time.

isht chanli, n., a pickax.

isht cha®ya, n., an addice; an adz; an
ax; any edge tool used for chopping.

isht chumpa, n., funds; purchase
money; means of making a purchase.

isht fal, n., a crank.

isht fama, n., a whip; a scourge, John
2: 15; a lash.

isht fiopa, n., the windpipe.

isht fotoha, n., an auger; a borer.

isht fotoha iskitini, n., a gimlet; a
small auger.

isht fotoha ulhpi, n., an auger handle.

[ BULL. 46

isht fotoha wishakchi, n., the bit of an
auger; the point of an auger.

isht fotohushi, n., a gimlet.

isht fotoli, n., a winch.

isht fotolit tumbli, vy. t., to drill.

isht haksichi, n., a wile; a means of
cheating; a trick; a bribe; hush money;
a train. é'

isht haksichi, n., a briber.

isht halalli, n., a bail; a long oar; har-
ness; a trace; a tug.

isht halupalli, n., a hone; a whetstone;
a strap.

isht hanali, isht hannali, a., sixth; 6th.

isht hanaliha, ady., sixth time.

isht hasha®ya, n., the cause or occasion
of fretfulness.

isht hofahya, n., shame; cause of shame.

isht hokli, n., a net; a trap.

isht holissochi, isht holissichi, n., a
pen; a pencil; ink.

isht holissochi aialhto, n., an ink-
stand; an ink bottle; an ink horn.

isht holissochi humma, n., red ink.

isht holissochi ikbi, n.., an ink maker;
a pencil maker; a pen maker.

isht holissochi lusa, n., black ink; ink.

isht holissochi o"tatapa, n., a blot.

isht holissochi o"latapa, pp., blotted.

isht holissochi o®latabli, y. t., to blot;
to spill ink on it.

isht holitabli, n., a worshiper, John 4:
23.

isht holmo, n., a roof; a shingle.

isht hopu2koyo, n., the eyesight.

isht hopu®koyo imachukma, a., sharp-
sighted.

isht hopunayo, n., the eyesight.

isht hoshintikachi, n., a screen; a
shade.

isht hummachi, n., a red dye; tan.

isht hu4sa, n., ammunition; a dart; any
instrument with which to prick.

isht ia, y.t., to carry, Matt. 1:11; to lead,
Matt., 4: 1; to begin, Matt. 11: 7, 20;
GS Mal, 2278 Ai@islalg 38i7/c

isht ia, n., a beginner; a beginning; a
conveyer; a founder.

isht ia ammona,n., the first beginning;
the commencement, Josh. 4: 19.

isht ika (from isht and hika); anumpa
isht ika); an ovation.

isht ikahobalo, n., a blasphemer; see
ahobali.

BYINGTON ]

isht ikalauo, a., not equal.

isht ikalauo, v. n., not to be equal,
Luke 3: 16.

isht itkama, n., a lid.

isht ikhana, n., memory; a memorial;
a monumental record; a remembrance;
aremembrancer, Josh. 4: 7.

isht ikhana, n., the means of learning,
whether books or anything else.

isht ikhananchi, n., means of teaching.

isht iki?ahno (from ahni), v. t., to hate
him; to abhor him; to dislike him; to
abominate him; to despise; to disdain.

isht iki2ahno, a., pp., contemptible; de-
spised; indignant.

isht ikiZahno, n., a hater; contempt;
despite.

isht iki”ahnochechi, y. t., to disaffect;
to cause to hate.

isht iki2ahnochi, v. t., to cause to hate.

isht iki?yukpo (from yukpa), v. t., to
dislike him; to hate him; to despise,
Mark 10: 41.

isht iki” yukpo, n., a hater.

isht ikono, n., inability.

isht ilahauchi, n., the things furnished
by one’s self; proceeds.

isht ilaiyukpa (from yukpa), n., advan-
tage; happiness; means of his own
happiness.

isht iakshema, n., dress; ornaments; see
isht shema.

isht ilakshemashah,a., tawdry; dressy;
addicted to dress.

isht ilakshema shal, vy. n., to be taw-
dry.

isht ilamatlichi, n., afan; an instrument
with which to blow toward one’s self.

isht ilaneli, n., a crutch; a prop; means
by which to sustain one’s self.

isht ianumpuli, n., self-praise.

isht ilaueli, n., a coward.

isht ilaueli, a., cowardly; alla isht
ilaueli, a cowardly child; a child that
cries for nothing.

isht ilawata,n., an occasion of boast-
ing; pomp.

isht ilaweha, n., a desertion.

isht iieanumpuli shali, n., egotism; an
egotist.

isht ilehoshontikachi, n., an umbrella.

isht illa hinla, a., fatal; mortal.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 205

isht illi, n., poison; bane; occasion of
death; cause of death; death; venom;
virus.

isht illi fohki, vy. t., to poison; to em-
poison; to put in poison.

isht illi foka, pp., poisoned.

isht illi ipeta, v. t., to poison; to give
poison; to empoison; to envenom; to
venom; to administer poison.

isht illi okpulo, a., virulent.

isht illi yammichi, vy. t., to empoison;
to mix poison.

isht imaiokpulo, n., peril; his peril.

isht impa, n., a spoon; an instrument
used at table for dipping liquids, ete.,
and as this was the chief utensil em-
ployed by the Choctaw, it is called
the eating instrument; it was made of
wood or of the horns of buffalo and
later of those of cattle.

isht impa alota, n., a spoonful.

isht impak imma, adv., toward the
right; to the right hand, Matt. 5: 29;
6: 3; the right side of, 2 Sam. 24: 5.

isht impak imma ibbak, n., the right
hand.

isht impaka, n., the right; being on the
same side as the right hand.

isht impatta, n., a wadding.

isht impushi, n., a small spoon; a tea-
spoon; ‘‘the son of isht impa.’’

isht inchunli, n., a brand iron; a brand-
ing instrument; a seal.

isht inchu2wa, n., a brand iron; a seal;
a stamp; atype; as wak isht inchurwa.

isht intalakchi, pp., fettered.

isht ishi, n., a holder.

isht ishko, n., a cup; a chalice; a mug;
a tankard, Matt. 10: 42.

isht ishko chaha, n., a pitcher; a mug.

isht ishko chupak, n., a quart measure;
a cup or pot with a spout.

isht ishko latassa, n., a tin cup.

isht ishko latassa achafa, n., a pint.

isht ishko patala tuklo, n., a quart.

isht ishko patassa, n., a basin.

isht ishkushi, n., a small cup; a teacup;
a small mug.

isht itibbi, n., a weapon; an instrument
for fighting; a bayonet; a dog tooth; a
tusk; the eyetooth; a fang; a javelin;
munition; a poniard.

isht itibbi a®sha, a., fanged.

isht itihalalli, n., a bond.

206 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

isht ittula,int. of anger, used in scolding
children (N. Graham, informant).

isht kachaya (from ishit and kachaya,
the pass. of kahchi), n., shears; scissors.

isht kachaya chito, n., large shears.

isht kachayushi, n., scissors.

isht kalasha, n., shears; a pair of shears.

isht kalashushi, n., scissors; a pair of
scissors.

isht kanapa, see ishkanapa.

isht kashofa, n., an offset.

isht kashokachi, n., a brush; a wiper.

isht kasholichi, n., a brush; a wiper.

isht kafa, n., a ladle; a dipper; a gourd.

isht kallochi, n., stiffening.

isht kiselichi, n., a clamp; a vise; pin-
cers or pinchers.

isht kula, n., a pick; a pickax; an in-
strument used in digging.

isht laknachi, n., a yellow dye.

isht luli, n., an instrument for paring;
a parer.

isht lusachi, n., a black dye; blacking.

isht ta™fa, n., a ruler.

isht ta®fi, n., a compass; a gage.

isht takoffi, n., a remedy.

isht topulli, n., a cathartic.

isht lukata, n., a lash; a whip lash.

isht tukaffi, n., a perforator.

isht lumpa, n., a lancet; a punch;
a fleam; a drill; a puncher.

isht tumpli, n., a perforator.

isht miha, n., a reason.

isht mitofa, n., a file; a rasp; a rubber.

isht mitofa chito, n., alarge file; a rasp.

isht minti, n., a bringer.

isht misholichi, n., a rubber.

isht moeli, n., 2 skimmer; a short pad-
dle.

isht mofa atapachi, n., a rowlock.

isht mofi, isht mo®ffi, n., a skimmer;
an oar; a paddle.

isht nanabli, n. sing., the swallow.

isht nalli, pl., swallows.

isht nah, n., a sting.

isht nukha"klo, n., a lamenter.

isht nukha®klo, n., cause of sorrow; an
affliction.

isht nukhobela, n., wrath, Josh. 7: 1.

isht nukoa, n., vexation.

isht nukpallichi, n., an enticement.

isht nukshobli, n., a scarecrow.

isht ochi, isht ohchi, n., a bucket; a
pail; a water pail; a can; a piggin; any

[BULL. 46

vessel or instrument used in taking up
water from a well, spring, pond, ete.;
a flagon; a water pot.

isht ochi alota, n., a pailful.

isht okchila, n., a riddle.

isht oklushi, y. a. i., to make fun of; to
deride; to joke.

isht okpeha, n., a skimmer.

isht okshilita, isht ukshilita, n., a
barrier; an obstruction; a shutter;
something that closes a passage; the
door; the gate of a house; a gate; a
stopple.

isht oktapa, n., a barrier; an obstruc-
tion; a dam; a shutter; a stopper; a
a wad; a wear.

isht okyoti, n., a fin.

isht ona, v. t., to carry to; to bring to,
Matt. 1: 12.

isht pa™shpoa, see isht bashpoa.

isht pashpoa iskitini, n., a whisk.

isht pata, n., a glut; a wedge.

isht pashpoa, isht bashvoa.

isht pi®fi, n., a swimmer.

isht piha, n., a shovel; a scoop.

isht pila, n., a sting.

isht pisa, n., sight.

isht pokoli, a., tenth; 10th, Josh. 4: 19;
isht pokoli tuklo, a., twentieth; 20th;
isht pokoli tuchina, a., thirtieth; 30th;
isht pokoli ushta, a., fortieth; 40th; isht
pokoli tatapi, a., fiftieth; 50th; isht pok-
oli hanali, a., sixtieth; 60th; isht pokoli
untuklo, isht pokoluntuklo, a., seven-
tieth; 70th; isht pokoli untuchina, a.,
eightieth; 80th; isht pokoli chakali, a.,
ninetieth; 90th.

isht pokoli, n., a tithe.

isht pu®fa, n., a trumpet; a pipe; a horn;
a bugle; a bugle horn; a trump, Matt.
6: 2; Josh. 6: 4, 5, 6, 8.

isht pu®folachi, n., a horner; one who
blows a trumpet; a trumpeter.

isht sha™fa,n., a drawing knife; a draw-
shave; itiisht shavfa.

isht sha“fi, n., a plane; itiisht shaji.

isht shaffi, n., a scraper used in scraping
up dirt, ashes, ete.

isht shanni, n., a winch.

isht shema, isht ilakshema, n., orna-
ments; attire; finery; fine clothes; a
decoration; a dress; garb; garniture; a
guise; habiliment; a rig; rigging.

BYINGTON ]

isht shiahchi, n., cards used in carding
cotton.

isht shilli, n., a comb.

isht shima, n., a power.

isht shuahchi, n., an instrument for
sharpening; a whetstone; a hone; a
rubstone; a rubber.

isht tabeli, ishtabeli, n., a cane; a staff;
a crutch.

isht tahpala, n., a cry.

isht taka, n. pl., dippers.

isht takafa, n., a dipper.

isht takali, n., a stem; a hinge; that by
which anything hangs; ‘sito isht takali,
a pumpkin stem.

isht takaffi, n., dippers.

isht takli, n., dippers.

isht takoh, pl., stems; hinges.

isht talakchi, n., a string; a tether; a
band; abond; a hamper; a lace; a leash;
a ligament; a shackle.

isht talapi, a., fifth; 5th; ont isht talapi,
advy., fifthly.

isht talepa, a., a hundredth; 100th; isht
talepa achafa, one hundredth.

isht talepa sipokni, a., a thousandth.

isht tana, n., a shuttle, i. e., a weaver’s
shuttle.

isht tanna, n., the woof; the filling (in
weaving cloth).

isht tikili, n., a prop; a brace or stick
used in stretching hides.

isht tikoh, pl., props; braces; tenters.

isht tiwa, ishit tiwa,n., a key, Matt.
16:19.

isht tiwa chiluk, n., a keyhole.

isht tobli, n., a setting pole; a pushing
pole; any instrument for pushing.

isht to"ksali, n., a tool; a utensil; an
implement; an instrument.

isht tonolichi, n., a lever; a handspike;
a crowbar; any instrument used in roll-
ing logs and the like.

isht ukfoata, isht ukhoata, n., the
side; the ribs of a man or animal.

isht ukhatapa, n., a blind; a shutter,
as for a window.

isht uklakafa, v. t., to mock; to jest;
to deride, John 19: 3 [?].

isht ukshilita, see isht okshilita.

isht umpoholmo, n., a covering.

isht untuchina, a., eighth; 8th.

isht untuchinaha, ady., eighth time.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

207

isht untuklo, a., seventh; 7th; ont isht
untuklo, Josh. 6:4.

isht untukloha, ady., seventh time.

isht wakeli, n., a lever; a pry.

isht washoha, n., a toy; a plaything; a
trinket.

isht weki, n., a poise.

isht wekichi, n., steelyards; scales; bal-
ances.—Ch. Sp. Book, p. 66.

isht yaiya, n., a lamenter; a lamenting.

isht yammichi, n., an instrument.

isht yopomo, n., a waster; a lavisher.

isht yopomo, vy. t., to waste, as imilayak
isht yopomo; to lavish; to spend; to
squander.

isht yopomo, pp., wasted; lavished.

isht yopomo shah, a., wasteful; lavish.

isht yopula, n., a joker; a maligner; a
seoffer; a trifler.

isht yopula, n., a game.

isht yopula, v. a.i., v. t., to flout; to
fool; to fleer; to gibe; to jeer; to scan-
dal; to seandalize; to scoff; to traduce;
to trifle; to vilify.

isht yopula,a., prodigal; profane; waste-
ful.

isht yopulat, ady., prodigally; pro-
fanely.

isht yopulat isht anumpuli, v. t., to
ridicule.

isht yuha, n., asieve; a sifter; a bolter;
a bolt.

isht yupomo, n., waste.

isht yupomo, n., aspendthrift; a waster.

isht yuwala, n., odium.

ishtilema, see shittilema.

ishto, a., great; big; large; huge; im-
mense. This is the Chickasaw equiva-
lent for chito (q. v.).

ishto, v. n., to be great.

ishtokaka, n., the great one; a lord; a
ruler; same as chitokaka.

ishwa, v. t., to smell; see aiishwa.

ishwa, v. t. pl., to take, i. e., a number;
ishi, v. t. sing.

it, iti, reciprocal pronouns, sign of the
doubly reflective form, a mutual or re-
ciprocal verb; abeli, itabeli, v. t., to
put them together; boa, i/aboa, to hunt
each other; pisa, itipesa, to see each
other; also cf. itapissali, itiakaiya, ii-
chapa, 1 Kings 7: 5.

208

ita, ady., together, as itatuklo, itanowa,
itafama, etc. ita and iti are different
words.

itabana, p. of itabani, v. t., to put logs
together as in making a log house; to
fit to each other.

itabani, v. t., to put together, Josh. 4: 20.

itabanni, n., a raising; see abanni.

itabi, v.a.i., to howl, as a wolf; same as
shakapa.

itabiha, n., a mixture.

itachoa, itachowa, n., a broil; a dispute;
a variance.

itahina, n., a companion; a consort;
see ahinna.

itahoba (from ita and ahoba), v. a. i., to
assemble; to congregate; to come to-
gether; to collect; to convene; to gather;
to huddle; to shoal; ant imaititahoba,
Matt. 13: 2. The main form (ahoba)
of this word in the sense of meeting is
not used; itahomba, itahohomba.

itahoba, pp., assembled; gathered to-
gether, Matt. 13: 40; collected; a., col-
lective; convened; gathered.

itahoba, n., an assembly; an association;
a collection; a concourse; a convention;
a gathering; a mass; a shoal.

itahobi, v. t., to assemble; to amass; to
collect together; to collect; to congre-
gate; toconvene; togather, Matt. 10: 1;
132 28, 29, 30; 15:10; John: 47571
Kings, 10: 26; Josh. 4: 4; 7: 16, 17, 18.

itahobi, n., one who assembles; an as-
sembler; a gatherer.

itahobli, v. t., to assemble; to collect; to
congregate; to convene; to gather.

itahobli, n., an assembler; a convener;
a gatherer.

itaiena, n., the wives of one man; im-
itaiena, his concubine, Judg. 19: 1.

itaiisso, n., a clashing; a concussion; a
shock.

itaiunchululi,
We Ire

itaiyokoma, n., a puzzle.

itaiyokommi, n., a puzzler.

itaiyukhana, n., a cross, +; corners of
streets; see aiokhaneli.

itaiyukhankachi; aiitaiokhankachi, Matt.
6: 5.

itaiyuma, n., a mixture.

itaiyumi, n., a mixer.

itakaiyat ia, n., a procession.

n., generations, Matt.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

itakamassalli, n., a pinner.

itakantali, v. a. i., to be close together,
Mark 2: 4; from akantali (q. v.).

itakapuli, see itakopuli.

itakashkoa, n., separation.

itakashkuli, n., separation; a separator.

itakashkulit, adv., separately.

itakchulakto, a., forked, as the roots of
a tree that is turned up.

itakchulakto, y. n., to be forked.

itakchulakto, n., a tree that is turned
up by the roots.

itakchulali, a., forked, as the ear of an
animal when marked.

itakchulali, y. n., to be forked.

itakchulalichi, y. t., to fork.

itakchulashli, a. p]., forked.

itakchulashli, vy. n., to be forked.

itakchulashlichi, v. t., to fork them.

itakha, see itakha.

itakhapuli, a., troublesome; hatak itak-
hapuli shati, n., a heeler.

itakhapuli, v. n., to be troublesome.

itakhapuli shah, yv. a. i., to riot.

itakhapuli shahi, a., riotous; waggish.

itakhapuli shali, n., a zany.

itakhapulichi, y. t. caus., to cause to be
troublesome.

itakhauali, a., having the lips open a
little.

itakhauali, v. n., to have the lips open
a little.

itakkomulih, v. n., to close thelips tight.

itaklalashli, y. a. i., to be moist in the
mouth; to drivel from the use of alum.

itakmacheli, n., thin lips.

itakmofoli, a., having the lips closed
tight or firm.

itakmofoli, y. n., to be open, as the
mouth of another.

itakommuchi, y. a. i., to shut the
mouth.

itakomoli, v. a. i., to place in a fold,
i. e., two sides of a cloth or paper; to
fold together.

itakonofa; itatikkonofa, v. a. i., to stand
near each other.

itakopulechi, atakapulechi, v. t., to
close; to press together, as the sides of a
wound.

itakopuli, itakapuli, v. a. i., to close
together; to come together.

itakowa, itakoa, n., fire wood.

itakowa intula, n., andirons; firedogs.

BYINGTON]

itakpashakli, itakpashakli, v. a. i., to
gasp.

itakpashakli, n., a gasp.

itakpashali, y. a. i., to open the mouth.

itakpashpali, v. a. i., to gape.

itakpashpali, n., a gaping.

itakpisheli, a., shaped like the snout
of a hog or the rim of a vial or a bell,
smallest at the upper end and opening
wide.

itakpofonli, y. a. i., to open the mouth,
as another’s mouth.

itakshish, n., the root of a tree; a grub;
a snag.

itakshish isht cha®ya, itakshish isht
kuchi, itakshishi isht kula, itak-
shish isht almo, n.,a mattock; a grub-
bing hoe; a grub ax.

itakshish kulli, v. t. to grub; to dig up
roots; to stub.

itakshish kulli, n., a grubber.

itakwacholi, n., high chin.

itakyuinli, y. a. i., to grin; itakyueli, to
grin.—J. E.

italatkla, a., both ways at the same
time; in opposite directions at once.

itala™kla, vy. n., to be both ways.

itatatkla halupa, a., two-edged; double-
edged.

itatatkla hotupa, y. n., to pain on both
sides or quite through, as when the
head aches on both sides.

itatatkla ontia, n.,a puking and purging
at the same time; cholera morbus.

italaMkla ont ia, v. n., to be sick with
puking and purging, or cholera morbus.

italaklaka, tatala®ka, n., on both sides,
1 Kings 11: 31.

itamoa, a. pl., lost; gone off; kania, pp.
sing., lost.

itamoa, v. n., to wander off; to be lost;
antamoa, mine are lost.

itampikbi, n., a cooper.

itampo, n., a pail; a wooden bow]; a tray;
a trencher.

itampo chito, n., a tub.

itampushi, n., a small wooden bowl.

itanali, itannali, v. t., to collect to-
gether; to assemble.

itanowa, vy. t. pl. (from ita and nowa),
to travel, Josh. 2:16; to travel together,
Matt. 2: 2; to troop.

itanowa, n., travelers; an expedition;
na hallo itanowa, traveling white men.

$4339°—Bull, 46—15 14

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

209

itapela, n., a partner; see i/apela.

itapelachi, n., a copartnership; a firm.

itapushi, n., a sprout without leaves,
used as a switch; a staddle.

itasitia, n., a coherence;
cleave together.

itashali, itishali, n., a generation.

itashekonompa, n., a knot made by
two strings together.

itashekonopa, n., a knot where two
strings are tied together; itashekonopa,
p-; see Acts 10: 11, wishakcht unshtat
itashekonopa.

itashekonopli, y. t., to tie in a knot.

itashekonowa, n. pl., knots.

itashuma, n., a mixture.

itatakali, ititakali, n., a chain; a link;
a concatenation.

itatiapa, n., a schism.

itatoba, v. t., v.a.i., itatoboli, pl., to trade;
to swap; to exchange; to barter; to
traffic; to shop; to commerce; to com-
mute; to contract; to deal; to inter-
change; to market; to speculate; to
swap; to truck.

itatoba, n. (from toba plus the reciprocal
particle iti and the locative a), a cus-
tomer (at a store); a dealer; an ex-
changer; a trader; a swapper; a traf-
ficker; a contractor; a merchant.

itatoba,n., a trade; trade; commerce; a
commutation; an exchange; an inter-
change; merchandise; a speculation; a
swap; a traffic; a truck.

itatoba holisso, n., an account book or
a book account.

itatoba kallo,a., close; hard, when trad-
ing.

itatoba kallo, n., a shaver.

itatobachi, v. t., to commute.

itatobat a®ya, v. t., to peddle.

itatobat a®ya, n., a peddler.

itatobat tali holisso ishi, v. t., to cash;
to swap and take the money.

itatuklo, a., both together, or two to-
gether; along with; see tuklo; also used
for a conj., and; see Gen. 1: 1; Matt.
18: 15.

itatuklo, v. n., to be two together; to
unite.

itatuklo, adv., together.

itatuklo, y. a. i., to make the second, or
to go with, as itatukloli; to be a part-
ner where there are only two, as in

those who

910 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

marriage; ittatukloli, | unite with him,
John 10: 30.

itauaya, v. t., mas. gen., to marry a wo-
man; to couple; auaya, fem. gen.

itauaya, n., a marriage; a couple; a
partner; a partnership; a spouse.

itauaya, n., a married man; a married
woman.

itauayachi, y. t., to solemnize a mar-
riage.

itauayachi, n., the one who solemnizes
a marriage.

itachaka, n., a joint.

itachakachi, n., a joint.

itachanaia, dual, to be two together by
themselves, like an old man and his
wife when their children are all gone.

itachi, v. t., to throw anything upona
fire; to cast into the fire, Acts 28: 5.

itachoa, n., a quarreler; a stickler; a
wrangler.

itachoa, n., a broil; a dispute; a wrangle;
a contention; a jangle; a quarrel; a
strife.

itachoa shali,a., quarrelsome; wrangle-
some.

itaffoa, see ialhfoa.

itakha, itakha, n., the mouth; the in-
side of the mouth; the gills of a fish;
the voice; Matt. 17: 27; nani itakha,
fish’s mouth.

itakha, a., vocal.

itakha achafa, n., a mouthful.

itakha akkami, y.t., to gag; to stop the
mouth.

itakha alhkama, pp., gagged.

itakha chinto, a., hoarse.

itakha isht alhkama, n., a gag.

itakha litoh, y. t., to make the mouth
sore.

itakha litowa, y. a. i., to canker; to be-
come sore in the mouth.

itakha litowa, pp., mouth sore; cank-
ered mouth.

itakha litowa, n., the sore mouth;
canker in the mouth; the thrush.

itakpashakli, itakpashakli (q. v.), v.
a. i., to gasp.

italbatsa, n., petrifaction.

italhfoa, itaffoa, n., a keg.

italhfoa chito, n., a barrel; a hogshead;
a cask; a puncheon; a tierce or terce;
a pipe; a tun.

italhfoa chito abeha, pp., barreled.

[BULL. 46

italhfoa chito abehi, v. t., to barrel.

italhfoa chito fohki, y. t., to barrel; to
put into a barrel.

italhfoa chito foka, n., barreled,

italhfoa chito ibish, n., the chine of a
barrel.

italhfoa chito ikbi, n., a cooper.

italhfoa ikbi, n., a cooper; a hooper.

italhfoa isht alhkama, n., a bung.

italhfoa isht talakchi, n., a hoop.

italhfoa takchi, y. t., to hoop.

italhfoa takchi, n., a hooper.

italhfoa talakchi, pp., hooped.

italhfoa tikpi, n., the bilge of a cask.

italhfoushi, n., a keg; a small keg.

italhkatta, n., patchwork, suchas a bed
quilt made of pieces.

italhpali, n., the forearm.

italhtoboa, n., rotation; seealhtoboa.

italikchi, n., a cherry tree.

italikchi ani, n., a cherry.

itallat akkachit kaha, pp., packed, as
meat.

itamintafa, itamintafi, n., a chasm or
split like the opening made by butchers
when they open a hog.

itanaha, v. a. i., a verb reciprocal and
locative—iti and a united, used in this
way only—to assemble; to collect; to
come together; to congregate; to con-
vene; to flock; to herd; to huddle; t
embody; to parade; to rally; to shoal;
to troop.

itanaha, pp., assembled; collected; ac-
cumulated; piled up; collective; con-
gregated; contributed; convened; con-
voked; embodied; amassed; gathered;
heaped; levied; lumped; raked; piled;
stacked.

itanaha, n., an assembly; a collection;
a concourse; a congregation; a contri-
bution; a convention; a convocation;
an accumulation; a gathering; a hud-
dle; a levy; a mass; a pile; a shoal; a
stack; a throng.

itanaha laua, v. a. 1., to throng.

itanahachi, v. t., to cause to assemble; to
congregate; to herd.

itanahachi, y. a. i., to heap together,
Joshvo loyal:

itanahachi, ittanahahchi, n., a pile;
as iti itanahachi, a pile, or cord of wood
piled, Josh. 8: 29; Ps. 33: 7.

itanaho, a., uncollected,

=

BYINGTON]

itannali, itanali, v. t., to accumu-
late; to lump; to assemble; to collect;
to bring together; to congregate; to
contribute; to convene; to convoke; to
cumulate; to embody; to gather; ‘to
heap; to herd; to levy; to muster; to
parade, as soldiers; to pile; to raise; to
rake; to stack; to trump.

itannali, n., an assembler; a collector; a
convener; a gatherer; a heaper.

itannali, n., a rally.

itannalichi, v. t., to heap; to collect; to
pile; to assemble; to make a pile.

itapaiyali, n., a huddler.

itapaiyali, y. t., to huddle.

itapaiyata, n., a huddle.

itapela, itapela, n., a help; a helper;
apartner; anally; acolleague; mutual
helps, Luke 5: 7.

itapiha, n., a colleague; an attendant.

itashi, n., a club; a cudgel; a bludgeon;
a small stick having the root for one
end.

itashiha, n., a snarl; a tangle.

itatakali, n., a link; a chain.

itatonla, to lie together, John 21: 9.

ithaiyana, see ikhana.

ithana, ithana, to learn; see ikhana,
ikhana.

ithi®sh, see ikhinsh.

iti, each other; see it; a reciprocal pro-
noun.

iti2, to each other; from each other, ete.
This form differs from the others as it
requires a prep. to be used before the
pro. ii is in the accus. case; iti” is in
the dative case; see after iti, wood, and
itscompounds. It issometimes written
itim as before vowels, and itin before
ch, Land t, ii before the other letters
of the alphabet.

iti, itih, n., the mouth; the front part of
the mouth; ttakha, the inner part, Matt.
LA MO so. leva lS 8s 16 Josh:
1: 8; 9: 14.

iti, n., wood; timber; a tree.

iti abasha, n., a sawpit; a sawmill.

iti achushkachi, n., a peg; a wooden peg.

iti ahulalli, n., a whiffletree.

iti akishtala, n., the root of a tree; the
foot of a tree.

iti alua, n., burnt wood; burnt woods.

iti ana, n., a rib pole.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

211

iti anutka, a., woody; being in the
woods; sylvan. :

iti anu"ka, v. n., to be in the woods.

iti anu"ka, n., the woods; a forest; a
wilderness.

iti anu"kaka, a., wild.

iti aMsha, pp., timbered.

iti asha®fa, n., a joiner’s bench; a join-
er’s horse.

iti asha"fa botulli, n., shavings.

iti asha®fi, n., a wood-shaver.

iti atikoa, n., a stud; a well-known piece
of timber used in a frame house.

iti atoba, a., wooden; made of wood.

iti albasa, n., lathing; ribbing.

iti albasto, n., a litter for the sick to
ride on.

iti alhpoa, n., a shade tree; a domesti-
cated tree.

iti ani, itani, n., a black gum.

iti bachoha, iti bachoha, n., beams;
joists; sleepers, or any pieces of timber
lying parallel (horizontal?).

iti baka, n., a block.

iti bakapa, n., the half of a tree split.

iti bakli, v. t., to split wood into large
pieces; to block out; to bolt wood.

iti basha, n., a plank; a sawed board;
sawed timber; lumber; a scantling; a
slab.

iti basha ahonatla, n., clapboards.

iti basha ashila, n., a board kiln.

iti basha patali, v. t., to plank.

iti basha sukko, n., a plank.

iti bashkachi, n., timbers lying parallel.

iti bashli, n., a sawyer; a cutter.

iti boli, n., an imaginary being said to
kill birds; a phantasm.

iti boshulli, n., fragments of wood.

iti botulli, n., the dust of wood, made
by a saw or worms.

iti chakbi, n., a wooden peg.

iti chanalli, n., a wagon; acart; a car-
riage; a dray; tanap iti chanalli, a war
chariot, 1 Kings 10: 26; a chariot, 2
Kings 9: 21, 24, 25.

iti chanalli achosha, n., an axletree.

iti chanalli ashali, v. t., to wagon; to
cart.

iti chanalli haknip, n., a wagon body;
a wagon box or bed.

iti chanalli ithina, n., a wagon road.

212

iti chanalli iskitini palhki, n., a char-
iot; a gig; a chaise; a sulky; a cabriolet.

iti chanallushi, n., a small wagon; a
hand wagon; a wheelbarrow; a child’s
wagon.

iti chanli, n., a chopper; a hewer of
wood; a cutter; a pecker.

iti chant abi, n., to girdle trees; to kill
timber.

iti chant tushalichi, v. t., to chip; to
hack.

iti chauana, iti chauanaya, n., a
notched stick; having a notch, as in
the rafters of some log houses, or the
pommel of a Spanish saddle.

iti chakpa, n., the side of a tree some
distance from the ground.

iti chanaha, n., a wooden wheel; a
wagon; a cart; a carriage; a car; the
wheels of a wagon, etc.; a roller; a
water wheel.

iti chanaha afacha, n., a linchpin.

iti chanaha alota, n., a wagonful; a
wagon load; a loaded wagon.

iti chanaha anowa, n., a wagon rut;
a cart rut; a rut.

iti chanaha ashali, see iti chanaha isht
shalt.

iti chanaha holisso shali, n., a mail
coach.

iti chanaha holitopa, n., a coach; a
hack.

iti chanaha holitopa aiomanili, n.,
a coach box.

iti chanaha holitopa ikbi, n., a coach
maker.

iti chanaha i“hina, n., a wagon road.

iti chanaha ikbi, n., a wagon maker;
a cartwright; a wheelwright.

iti chanaha iklanna, n., the nave of
a wheel.

iti chanaha iskitini, n., a wheelbarrow;
a barrow; a little wagon.

iti chanaha isht a®ya, v. t., to wagon.

iti chanaha isht a™ya,n., a wagoner;
a carter; acarman; a teamster.

iti chanaha isht halalli,n., a wagon
harness; tackling.

iti chanaha isht shali, iti chanaha
ashali, vy. a. i., to wagon.

iti chanaha isht talakchi, n., a wagon
tire; a tire.

iti chanaha palhki, n., a chaise; a chair;
a chariot; a hack; a stage; a sulky.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

iti chanaha umpoholmo, n., a wagon
cover.

iti chanaha ushi, n., a wheelbarrow;
a little wagon.

iti chinisa, n., the laurel tree.

iti chishakko, n., brush cut for a bower;
a brush bower.

iti chisha"kko, n., a bush put up for
shade.

iti chisha®kko hoshontika, n., a bush
arbor; a bower made of bushes; a
booth; chishanka, Neh. 9: 14.

iti chito, n., a large tree; a beam, Matt.
(ap

iti chito tapa, n., a log.

iti chufak, n., a pin.

iti fabassa, n., a pole; a slender tree; a
perch.

iti fabassoa, iti fabaspoa, iti fabasfoa,
iti fahko, n. pl., poles.

iti haktupish, n. pl., the ross of a tree;
the outer dry pieces of bark.

iti hakshup, n., the bark of a tree.

iti hata, n., whitewood.

iti hika, n., a stake; a post.

iti hikia, n., a standing tree.

iti hishi, n., leaves of a tree; tree leaves;
leaf of a tree.

iti hishi halupa, n., the holly tree, the
leaves of which have small thorns on
them.

iti honni aialhto, n., a fat or vat.

iti hoyo, y. a. i., to wood.

iti humma,n., ared pole; a pole stained
red; such poles as are erected as a sign
of mourning for the dead.

iti illi, n., a dead tree.
iti iskuna, n., the heart of a tree; the

center of a tree.

iti iskuna paknaka, n., the sap of a tree.

iti ishi, v. a. 1., to wood.

itiisht ahonala, n., a peg; a pin, used
to fasten timbers together.

itiisht alhpisa, n., a yardstick.

iti isht basha, n., a saw.

itiisht basha chito, n., a pit saw; a saw-
roill saw.

iti isht basha falaia, n., a whipsaw.

iti isht boa, n., a maul or a mall; a
beetle; a wooden hammer.

iti isht boa chito, n., a large maul; a
commander.

iti isht boa iskitini, n., a mallet.

iti isht boa ushi, n., a mallet.

BYINGTON]

iti isht fotoha, n., an auger; a borer.

iti isht fotohushi, n., a gimlet.

iti isht halalli, n., a swingletree; a
whiffletree; a hame.

iti isht honni aialhto, n., a fat or vat.

iti isht ishko, n., a noggin.

iti isht kula, n., a chisel.

itiisht kula kofusa, n., a gouge.

iti isht mitofa, n., a rasp.

iti isht pala, n., a wooden wedge; a glut;
a wedge; iti isht pata alatichi, to wedge.

iti isht sha®fa, n., a drawing knife; a
drawshave.

iti isht sha®fit, n., a plane.

iti isht sha®fit haluskichi, n., a plane.

iti isht shima, n., a power.

iti isht tonolichi, n., a handspike; a
lever; a wooden pry.

iti itikeli, n. sing., a rafter.

iti ititakalli, n., an evener; a swingle-
tree; a doubletree.

iti ititekili, n. pl., rafters.

iti kafi, n., sassafras.

iti kalaha, n., a wooden roller; a spool;
a truck; a roll; a roller; a wheel.

iti kalaha chanalli, n., a truck wheel.

iti kinafa, n., a fallen tree.

iti kinali, n. pl., fallen trees.

iti kolofa, n., a stump; a stub; wood cut
off, applied to a half bushel, a tub, etc.

iti kosoma, n., sour wood.

iti kula, n., a trough; a canoe; a boat; a
tray.

iti kula aiimpa, n., a trencher.

itikula falaia, n., a long trough.

iti kula peni, n., a canoe; a pirogue.

iti kusha yaiya, n., a crane.

iti laua, a., woody.

iti lukoli, n., a grove.

iti lumbo, n., a roll; a wooden globe.

iti litilli, n., tree gum; the gum of a
tree.

iti toli, v. t., to gall (a tree); to peelatree.

iti naksish, n., a limb; a bough; a
branch of a tree; a knot (on a tree).

iti naksish filamminchi, n., the arm of
a tree.

iti naksish laua toba, vy. a. i., to ramify.

iti naksish tapa, n., brush; a limb
broken off.

iti nipa, n., a club.

iti ciya, v. t., to climb a tree.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 213

iti oka aiyanalli, n., a water trough; an
eave trough.

iti okcha"ki, n., green wood, not dry
or seasoned,

iti okchako, n., an evergreen tree; green
wood.

iti okchamali, n., green wood.

iti okchi, n., sap of wood.

iti osh toba, a., ligneous; made of wood;
wooden.

iti palanta, n., split wood; split boards.

iti patali, v. t., to floor.

iti patapo, n., a floor; a bridge; wood
spread out; a wooden causeway.

iti patalhpo, n., a floor; a bridge; a
causeway; a wooden crossway; a plat-
form; a stage.

iti patalhpo alhtoba ahoyo, n., a toll
bridge.

iti patalhpo ikbi, v. t., to bridge; to
make a bridge.

iti patalhpo ikbi, n., one who makes
bridges; a bridge maker.

iti patalhpo umpatalhpo, n., a carpet;
a floor carpet; a floor cloth.

iti pala, n., split wood; rails; rail stuff.

iti pata patalhpo, n., a puncheon used
in making floors.

iti peni, n., acanoe; a manger; a trough.

iti potoma, n., a hoop; a wooden spring.

iti pushi, itapushi (q. v.), n., a sap-
ling; a sprout without the leaves on.

iti sha™fa, n., a shaved board; a planed
board.

iti sha™fi, n., a joiner; a carpenter; a
planer.

iti shalalli, n.,a sled; arunner; the sup-
port of a sleigh or sled; asleigh.

iti shalalli isht a”ya, v. t., to sled.

iti shana, n., a screw; a wooden screw.

iti shibafa, n., a splinter; a sliver, thin,
flat, and small.

iti shibah, n. pl., splinters.

iti shila, n., a dry tree; dry wood; dry
timber; seasoned wood.

iti shima, n., a shingle; a split wood;
shingles; a stave.

iti shima halupa, n., a pale.

iti shimafa, n., a splinter; a sliver: a
splint.

iti shimafa sha"fa, n., a ferule.

iti shimali, n. pl., splinters; slivers.

214

iti shukafa, n., a chip.

iti shukali, n., chips.

iti shumo, n., moss of trees; Spanish
Moss.

iti shumo laua, a., mossy.

iti taiyukhana, n., a cross; a wooden
cross, Luke 23: 21; Matt. 10: 38; 16: 24;
Mark 10: 21; see aiyukhana.

iti taiyukhana ahonatichi, v. t., to
crucify; to nail to the cross.

iti talaia, n., a clump (of trees).

iti tanampo, n., a bow; a wooden gun,
2 Kings 9: 24; 2 Sam. 1: 18.

iti tanampo isht a®ya, n., an archer; a
bowman.

iti tanampo isht talakchi, n., a bow-
string.

iti tapena, n., a cudgel; a bludgeon; a
war club.

iti tapokachi, v. a. i., to be 4 square;
wood shaped like a box.

iti tala, n., a wooden pin.

iti tapa, n., a stick of wood; a block; a
club; a chunk; a billet of wood.

iti tapa ahabbi tatapi, n., a perch.

iti tapa lua, n., a brand; a firebrand.

iti tapa tonoli, n., a roller.

iti taptua, n. pl., sticks of wood; clubs,
ete.

iti taptua isht nowa, n., crutches.

iti tikpi, n., a large round knot on a tree.

iti tilofa, n., a billet of wood; a chunk
of wood.

iti tiloli, n. pl., billets of wood.

iti tila, n., a blazed tree; a marked tree;
a butt; a mark; a target; a way mark.

iti tita bachaya, n., a line; a line of
blazed trees; a row of blazed trees.

iti ti, v. t., to blaze atree; to set a white
mark on a tree by shaving off the bark.

iti titi, n., one who marks trees.

iti toshbi, n., touchwood.

iti tushafa, n., a chip.

iti tushah, n. pl., chips.

iti ulhti, iti olulhti, n., fire wood.

iti unchuloli, n., the sprouts of a tree.

iti waiya, n., a leaning tree.

iti watya, n., a stool; a seat; a cricket.

iti wishakchi, n., the top of a tree.

iti yileha, fallen trees.

itiachi, vy. a. i., two to go together, Matt.
ereilS ale o/s Aloe 219 IL

itiachi, n., two fellow-travelers.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 48

itiakaya, n., a file; a single rank.

itialbi, n., the lip; a lip; lips, Matt.
15: 8.

itialbi, n., the price.

itialbi abi, v. t., to revenge.

itialbi abi, n., the revenger of blood.

itialli, n., the price; see ialli.

itiammi, n., temper.

itibafoka, n., a comrade; fellowship; a
companion; a contribution.

itibafoka, n., a mixture; a junction; a
partnership.

itibaiimpa, n., a messmate.

itibanowa, n., a fellow-traveler.

itibanusi, n., a bedfellow.

itibapisa, n., a classmate; a class in a
school, Matt. 10: 21; 12: 46; brethren,
Matt. 13: 55; 14: 3.

itibapishi, (iti each other; iba, with;
pishi, to suck) n. com. gen., a brother
or sister; afriend; those who drew the
breast together; a fraternity; brethren;
itibapishili, my brother; I sucked with
him, her, or them, Matt. 12: 48;
ishitibapishi, your brother; you sucked
with him; Matt. 5: 23397: 3; 18:15;
or chitibapishi, he sucked with thee;
hachitibapishi, Josh. 1: 14.

itibapishi atiha n., brothers; brother-
hood; fraternity.

itibapishi fehna, n., a real brother.

itibapishi 0%, a., fraternal.

itibapishi toba, n., a cousin; half blood;
a stepbrother.

itibalhkaha, n., a mixture; an addition.

itibalhto, n., a mixture.

itibbi, n., a fight; a battle; a contest; a
combat; a conflict; a duel; an engage-
ment; a fray; amatch; arencounter; a
skirmish; a storm.

itibbi, a., militant.

itibechi, y. t., to cause to fight or com-
bat.

itibechi, n., one that causes fighting; an
instigator of quarrels, fights, ete.

itibi, v. t. (from abi, to kill;) to fight; to
combat; to kill each other; to conflict;
to contend; to defend; to engage; to
fence; to rencounter; to skirmish.

itibi, itibbi, n., a fighter; a combatant; a
duelist; a fencer.

itibilitka atsha, n., a neighborhood.

itiboshali, n., a wry mouth.

BYINGTON]

itichabli, n., a mate; a pair.

itichakbi, n., a wooden peg or pin.

itichapa, n., mates; a pair; a mate; a
fellow; a partner; a partnership.

itichapat ia, n., a procession.

itichutkash paknaka, n., the sap of a
tree.

ititha; ant pimitinhahilah (J. C.); ama-
hobah.

itihaklo, n., mutual hearing.

itihoba, itioba, n., an equality; a resem-
blance.

itiholba, n., a resemblance; a similarity.

iti"hollo, n., mutual friends; friendship;
mutual lovers.

itihpila, v. a. i. (compounded of itih and
pila), to fall; itihpelat akiat, Acts 1: 18.

itihpilachi, vy. t., to cast headlong; iteh-
pelat, Luke 4: 29.

itihtakchi, y. t., to muzzle; to bind the
mouth.

ititkana, n., peace.

ititkana, n., mutual friends.

ititkana, a., happy; friendly; harmo-
nious; kind-hearted.

itiMkanomi, n., kin; kindred; kinsfolk;
relations; a relative.

itikba, n., the van.

itikba, adv., prep., before, Matt. 2: 9;
8: 24; 10:18; 14:6; 2Sam. 24: 4. Pos-
sibly a compound of 7 and tikba.

itikba hakshup, n., the foreskin.

itilauahe keyu, a., irreconcilable.

itilaui, ady.; imitilawi, adv.; ikitilauo,
ady., unequally.

itilaui, a., even; equal; level; smooth,
Luke 38: 5; coequal; commensurate,
Mark 12: 31, 33; tantamount; ikitilauo,
unequal; uneven; unsmooth.

itilaui, pp., evened; leveled; smoothed,
etc.; matched.

itilaui,n., equality; evenness; an equiy-
alent; alevel; a par; harmony; ikitilauo,
n., disparity; imparity; inequality.

itilaui, v. a. i., to square with; to tally.

itilaui, n., an equal; a peer.

itilaui achafa, a., harmonious; n., or-
der; harmony.

itilaui fulota, a., harmonious.

itilaui iksho, a., irregular; unequal;
rugged. -

itilaui keyu, a., odd.

itilaui keyu, n., the odds; isht ikiti-
lauo, n., odds.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 215

itilauichi, y. t., to harmonize; to match;
to smooth; to tally.

itilauichi, y. n., to even; to make equal,
level, smooth, ete.; to equal.

itilauichi, n., a leveler.

itilauichit takolichi, v. t., to tally.

itilauit, ady., orderly; evenly.

itilauit hika, vy. a. i, to range; pp.,
ranged.

itilauit hilechi, y. t., to range.

itim, from each other; form before
vowels; one to another, Luke 2: 15;
4: 35.

itimafoa (from afoa) n., contention; a
contest.

itimahalaia, itimakaniohmi, n., in-
tercourse.

itimanumpa, n., a pact.

itimanumpuli, n.,a conversation; a dia-
logue; a colloquy; a conference; a de-
bate; a contest; reading.

itimapesa, n., a contract; a league.

itimalhpisa, n., a pact; a reconciliation.

itimolabbi, n., contention.

itimpakna, n., a striver; a rival; a com-
petitor.

itimpakna, n., acompetition; arace; see
pakna.

itimponaklot atsha, n., mutual inquiry.

itin, from each other; to each other, etc.,
a form used before ch, 1 and t; to one
another, John 4: 33; see itin.

itinchuka, n., housekeepers; man and
wife; a spouse.

itinchukali, n., my husband.

itinluma®ka, n., fornication, Matt. 15:19.

itinnan aiya, n., peace; reconciliation.

itinnan aiyachechi, itinnan aiyachi,
n., a peacemaker; a daysman; a medi-
ator; pitinnan aiyachi, our mediator.

itinnukoa, n., contention; afracas; odds.

itinnukoa, n., a quarreler.

itinnukoa shali, a., quarrelsome.

itintakla, n., an intervention; a while,

itintakla, adv., while; whilst; among,
Miitiaalei ale

itintakla, v. a. i., to intervene.

itintakla, n., a partition; presence, as
before anyone.

itintakla, adv., since; thence.

itintakla atia,n., apass; anarrow place;
a narrows.

itintanampi, n., hostility.

itintimiya, n., a race.

216 BUREAU

itintimiya, v. t., to run a race; to race.

itioba, see itihoba.

itipesa, n., an interview.

itisukpi, itisuppi, itisopi, n., the cheek,
Matt. 5: 39.

itisukpi foni, itisuppi foni, n., the
cheek bone.

itishali, see itashali.

itishi, n., a wrestler.

itishi, n., a match; a scuffle; a squab-
ble; a strife; a struggle; a wrestling;
see ishi.

itishi, v. t., to wrestle; to conflict; to
strive together; to scuffle; to squabble;
to strive.

itishi, n., a scuffler; a stickler; a striver.

itishi imponna, n., a wrestler.

ititakali, see itatakali.

ititakla, v. n., to be between;
while; so long as.

ititakla, n., an interval.

ititapa, n., a separation from each other
into parts.

ito; this word is compounded with others
where fire is mentioned; it is a locative
signifying for fire, in fire, with fire,
etc.; a reciprocal with fire.

itoashachi, yv. t., to cast into a fire, Matt.
13: 50.

itobila, v. a. i., to melt; to fuse in the
fire; to burn, as wood on the fire; to coal.

itobila, pp., melted; fused.

itobila, n., a fusion; a melting.

itohnichi, n., an instigation.

itohnichi, n., an instigator.

itohnichi, y. t., to instigate.

itokaha, pp., cast into the fire; Matt. 7:
19:

itokanchi, vy. t., to throw them into fire.

itokania, v. a. i., to go away; to be
cast away; see Matt. 18: 8, 9.

itola,itula, vy. a.i. sing., to fall; to couch;
to remain; to reside; to rest; to lie or
to be, Matt. 6: 21; 18: 44; itoyula, Matt.
2: 2; Josh. 1: 4, itoitola, Matt. 17: 15[?];
itonla, falling; itonlashke, he lies, Matt.
8: 6; itonla, lying, Matt. 9: 2; intonla,
to have; itohonla, Matt. 17: 15; itonla,
y. a. i., to reside.

itola, n., a fall; prostration.

itola, a., recumbent.

itolatkabi, a., brown; tanned in the
sun.

itolo"kabi, a., brown.

adv.,

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

itoma, ituma, a., near; nigh; iyi itwma,
at his feet, Matt. 15: 30.

itoma, v. n., to be near.

itoma, n., a short distance; nearness.

itomasi, itumasi, a., very near; a di-
minutive of the above; also v. n. |

itombi, n., a box; a chest; a trunk; a
bin; a coffer; a case; a coffin; a drawer;
a shrine.

itombi abeha, pp., cased; coffered; put
into a trunk; boxed up.

itombi abel, v. t., to case; to coffer up;
to put into a trunk; to box up.

itombi aialhto, n., a vat.

itombi aiimpa chuhmi ikbi, n., a cabi-
netmaker.

itombi alota, n., a boxful.

itombi alota achafa,n., a box; what
one box contains.

itombi fohka, pp., boxed; put into a
trunk; incased.

itombi fohki, vy. t., to box up; to chest;
to coffin; to put in a coffin; to incase;
to case.

itombi holitopa, n., the ark, Josh. 3: 3,
(oy, Mei AS NGS (8 GEG) fea. ater

itombi ikbi, n., a trunk-maker; a coflin-
maker. It is said that the river Tom-
bigbee was called so from the fact that
a trunk-maker or box-maker lived on
one of its branches.

itombi otipa, n., the lid of a box or
trunk; the cover of a box; a drawer.

itombushi, n., a small box; a small
drawer; acaddy; acasket; acase; anark
such as that of the Jews, ete.; a drawer.

itomushi, n., prickly heat.

itonachi, v. a. i. dual, to go there to-
gether, 1 Sam. 2: 20; Josh. 2: 1.

itopa, ittopa (ito topa, a bed of fire?),
the mouth of a crater; the hole; the
aperture; the muzzle, as of a gun; a
crater; the mouth of a bottle.

itopihinla, to throw on the fire, 2 Kings
1 )B kes

itot alya, vy. a. i., to march or travel, as
an army; to burn; to ravage by fire;
itotit aya.

itot ia, v. a. 1., to go from, Luke 24: 47
(old edition).

itoti, v. a. i., to fight; to be at war.

itoti, n., war.

itotonla, y. a. i., to lie on fire, John 21:
9; itatohonla, Matt. 17: 15.

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY

itowulhkachi, v. t., to blister; luak on
isht itowulhkachi, Rey. 16: 8; see towulh-
kachi.

itowulhko, v. a. i., to blister; to burn
and blister.

itowulhko, pp., scorched; blistered.

ittanahahchi, see itanahachi.

ittopa, see itopa.

ittula, v. a. 1., to fall.

itukawiloha, itukahiloha, n., the name
of a tree, called irom wood.

itukchabachi, y. a. i., to feel sick at
the stomach, so as to discharge water,
etc., from the mouth.

itukchi, n., saliva; spit; spittle; slaver.

itukchi ikbi, n., to salivate; to make
saliva.

itukchi ikbi, n., salivation.

itukchuba, v. a.i., to slobber, as a young
child; to discharge saliva, etc., from the
stomach when in pain; to besick at the
stomach.—J. Hudson, May, 1857.

itukchuba, n., a slobberer.

itukfikowa, nukfichowa; chikfikowa,
n., the hiccough.

itukfikowa, v. n., to be affected with
the hiccough.

itukholaya, v. a. i., to slobber; to dis-
charge saliva, rheum, etc.; to drool; to
slaver.

itukholaya, n., rheum; slobber.

ituklipaya, ituklupaya, y.a.i., to drool.

ituklipaya, n., rheum; saliva; drooling
from the mouth.

ituklua, y. a. i., to be very thirsty; to
burn inwardly, as in a fever.

ituktakafa, v. a. i., to joke.

ituklakafa, n., joking; jocose.

ituklakafa, n., a joker.

itukhikali, v. a. i., to drool from the
mouth.

itukpilawa, y. a. i., to discharge saliva;
to emit thick saliva.

itukpilawa, n., thick saliva.

itukpokpoki, v. a. i., to froth at the
mouth, Mark 9: 18; itukpokpokihinchi,
Luke 9: 39.

itukpokpoki, n., froth formed by the
mouth.

ituksita, n., the edge of a fireplace;
luak iksita, Gen. 18: 6.

itukshibeli, v. a. i., to swell the lips.

itukshibeli, n., thick lips.

itukshila, a., dry; thirsty;
hoarse; droughty.

a thirst;

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 21%

itukshila, v. n., to be dry; satukshila, I
am thirsty, or, I thirst; v. a. i., to thirst.

itukshila, n., thirsty; drouth.

itukwalahachi, vy. t., to gargle
mouth.

itukwatlichi, v. t., to rinse the mouth;
to gargle the mouth.

itukwesoli, vy. a. i., to affect the mouth,
as sugar and spirits.

itukwisli, a., astringent; having power
to pucker the mouth, asastringents; or,
like alcohol, to heat or burn in the
mouth.

itukwisli, v. n., to be astringent.

itukwislichi, v. t., to cause the mouth
to pucker; to produce an astringent
effect.

itukwotolichi, v. t., to gargle the mouth;
to rinse the mouth.

itula, itola, v. a. i., to lie; to lie down;
ittola, intensive form; itoyula, ittoyula,
pro. (Acts 28: 8).

ituma, see itoma.

itumasi, see itomast. :

itunla, itonla, nasal form, to lie, 2 Kings
OB Alley

iuntalali, see haiyantalali.

i2walwa, n., the lower part of his breast
bone; the midriff; the hollow of the
body at the stomach; the pit of the
stomach.

iyabiha, n., leggings:

iyafoa, iyalhfoa, n., a garter.

iyafoli, v. t., to garter.

iyakaya, see iakaiya.

iyakchush, iyakchus, n., a toe nail; a
claw; a talon; talons; a hoof; clutches;
a fang.

iyakchush a%sha, pp., fanged; having
nails, claws, ete.

iyanabi, n., ironwood; witch-hazel; name
of a creek.

iyasha, n., an iron pot that has legs.

iyasha ahalalli, n., the ears of a pot; the
bail of a pot.

iyasha chito, n., a large pot.

iyasha isht talakchi, n., pothooks,
such as are used in removing a pot
from the fire.

iyasha o®kipa, n., a pot lid.

iyashushi, n., a small pot; a kettle.

iyatoboka, n., top of the head.

iyabbiha, see iyubiha.

iyabi huski, see iywhi huski.

iyalhfoa, iyafoa (q.v.), a garter.

the

218

iyapi, n., leg below the knee.

iyapi champko, n.,shinbone.

iyi,n., the foot; the paw; the fin (naniyi);
a hoof; a footstep; the feet, Matt. 10:
14; chiyi, Matt. 18: 8; kanchak iyi, a
post; aiimpa iyi, a table leg; iyi anowa,
a footstep; a track; a foottrack; a sole;
a vestige.

iyi api, iyapi, n., the leg.

iyi bano, a., barefoot.

iyi bano, n., a naked foot.

iyi bano, y. n., to be barefooted.

iyi beka, a., barefooted.

iyi beka, n., naked feet.

iyi bekat a®ya, y. a. i., to go barefooted.

iyi bitanli, n., a chapped foot.

iyi champko, see iyinchampko.

iyi chilakto, iyi chulakto, n., a cloven
foot; a cloven hoof.

iyi falakto, n., a cloven foot; a cloven
hoof; a forked foot.

iyi hotupa, a., lame.

iyi hotupa, n., lameness.

iyi hotupa chohmi, adv., lamely.

iyi hotupali, v. t., to lame.

iyi hulhki, iyulhki, n., the calf of the
leg.

iyi imuksak, iyiimo®ssak, n., theankle.

iyi imuksak itachakalli, n., the ankle
joint.

iyi intakchi, iyintakchi,y. t., to fetter.

iyi isht abeka,a., foundered; sick in the
feet, as a horse.

iyiisht intalakchi,n.,a fetter; a hobble.

iyi isht intalakchi, pp., fettered.

iyi itabanali, v. a. i., to cross the legs.

iyi itabanali, a., having the legs crossed;
cross legged.

iyi? kalatkshish, iyi? kola"kshish
(Josh. 11: 6, 9), the hamstring; the
hock; from iyitkalaha and akshish.

iyi? kalatkshish tabli, v. t., to hock.

iyi" kalaha, iyi kalaha, n., the knee;
the kneepan, Luke 5: 8.

iyi" kalaha ali, n., knee deep; knee
high.

iyi? kalaha itachakalli, n., the knee-
joint.

iyi? kalaha wishakchi, n., the kneepan;
the point of the knee; the whirl bone;
the patella; the kneecap.

iyi kallo, n., the stiff leg (a disease).

iyi kinafa, a., hipped, as a horse.

iyi kinafa, n., a hipped leg.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

iyi® kinah, n. pl., hipped legs.

iyi” kola"kshish, see iyi” kalankshish.

iyi” kotoba, n., the heel.

iyi itfa, n., a cramped foot; a cramp in
the foot.

iyi paknaka, n., the instep; the top of
the foot.

iyi pata, iyi patha, n., the sole of the
foot; lit., the spread foot, or the foot
spread, Josh. 1:3; 3:13; 4:18; Acts7: 5;
iyi pata is the correct spelling of this
word; ‘‘the spread-out foot,’’ not ‘‘the
broad foot.’’

iyi pata boli, v. t., to bastinade.

iyi pata paknaka, n., the instep.

iyi patha, n., a wide foot; the width of
the foot.

iyi po"kshi, a., club-footed; n., a club
foot.

iyi” shilukwa, n., the calf of the leg.

iyi taha, a., tender-footed; having the
feet worn out.

iyi taha, v. n., to be tender-footed.

iyi tanakbi, n., a crooked leg; a bent leg;
a bow leg; bow shins; a., bowlegged.

iyi tanalla, n. pl., crooked legs.

iyi tikba, n., a forefoot.

iyi tilokachi, n., the foot joint; the ankle
joint.

iyi tuklo, n., a biped; two feet.

iyi ushta, iyushta, n., a quadruped.

iyimmi, a., fiducial.

iyimmi, n., fiduciary.

iyinchampko, iyi champko, n., the
shin; the marrow bone; the shank.

iyinchampko foni, n., the shinbone;
the hock.

iyintakchi, iyi intakchi, v. t., to hob-
ble; to fetter.

iyintalakchi, pp., hobbled; fettered.

iyinuta, a., under foot.

iyishke, n., the great toe.

iyubbachosha, n., the hip.

iyubi, iyobi, obi, n., a ham; the thigh; a
hock.

iyubi achoshoa, n. pl., the hips; the
hip joints.

iyubi achoshuli, n. sing., the hip; the
hip joint.

iyubi huski, iyabi huski, n., a stocking;
hose; hosiery.

iyubi huski isht alhfoa, n., a garter.

iyubi huski kanchi, n., a hosier; one
who deals in stockings and socks.

BYINGTON]

‘iyubi huski kolofa, n., a sock.

iyubi huski koloti, n. pl., socks.

iyubi pakna, n., the lap.

iyubiha, iyabbiha n. pl. (from iyi and
abeha), leggings; a legging; spatter-
dashes.

iyubiha isht alhfoa, n., garters for leg-
gings.

iyukbal, n., the gambrel; the hind leg of
a horse.

iyukbal iti atakali, n., a gambrel; a
crooked stick used by butchers.

iyukhana, n., a cross; where four cor-
ners meet.

iyukhanna, pp., crossed.

iyukhannali, vy. t., to cross; to make a
cross.

iyulhki, see iyi hulhki.

iyulhki foni, n., the leg bone.

iyup, n., a son-in-law; chiyup, your son-
in-law.

iyupi,v.a.i.; ef. nanta hatuk on minko yan
iyupt la hinla cho? 1 Sam. 18:18, 21, 22.

iyush ali, n., the little toe; the end toe.

iyush tikba, n., the long toe; the toe next
to the large toe.

iyushi, n., the little toe; the small toes,
but iyishke is a toe.

iyushi wishakchi, n., tiptoe.

iyushta, see iyi ushta.

k, a limiting particle and suffix; kis com-
pounded with at, a”, and ah; k has ref-
erence to the preceding word; at isnom.
and agrees; a” is obj. and is governed
by k; iak fehna, Mark 13: 1; katiohmik,
Matt. 13: 4; anumpulik fehna, Matt. 9:
18, a demonstrative or a definite article,
the. The examples show this, and that
it isnot a contraction; antak fehna; tata-
pik, Luke 3:1; nunak fehna, ahashwak
fehna, Luke 3: 2[?]. Ilappa, ilappak;
nanta, nantak; yamma, yammak; achik
fena akon, John 4: 27[?]. kis the sign
of the demonstrative and definite arti-
cle pronouns, as ak, hak, yak, kak, mak.
It follows verbs and nouns also, k being
suffixed to the preceding word.

k, sign of the past tense, as chumpak,
which may be a contraction from
chumpa tuk, he bought; he did buy;
here & limits the act of buying. It is
thus like don’t in English. & is a con-
tracted form of the ady. kamo, as in ialek,
I went (for iali kamo). k is here a

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

219

demonstrative of action, in the past
tense, indefinite, or aorist; used in the
nasal form, lakon{ik.

ka, art. and rel. pro., in the accus. case or
dative case, the which; the one which;
that which, John 4: 14, 29. puta ka,
these, in the ob. case, Matt. 1: 20; 2: 3;
k is distinctive; a, objective.

ka, kah, adv., perhaps; ishla ka, Luke 4:
34[?]; spoken by way of inquiry. The
interrogative tone makes it adverbial.

ka, euphonic, for sound’s sake, in the neg.
forms of verbs, future tense, etc.; ak-
pesokachi, akpesokahe, akpesoka hinla,
akpesoka wa, akpesoka heto; the k is suf-
fixed tothe verb. Perhaps this k hasa
designating sense, as ke and ki, in the
neg. form; akpeso ketuk, akpesoketuk,
akpesakitok, akpesokitok.

kabak, n., a noise made by a single
blow; a blow; a knock.

kabakachi, v. a. i., to make a noise.

kabakachi, n., pl., knocks; blows.

kabakachi, y. a. i., to ring; to sound
when knocked.

kabuk, n., a blow; a rap; a knock, made
on a hollow thing, as a hollow tree.

kabukachi, vy. a. i., to ring.

kachakachechi, v. t., to cause to squeak.

kachatya, pp., cut with shears.

kacheli, y. t. sing., to cut with shears or
scissors; kachoti, pl.

kacheli, n., one who cuts with shears;
a shearer.

kachi®, sign of first future indic., neg.
form, as iklokachiv, he will not come.

kachoa, kachowa, a., having an edge
or border like saw teeth or yam leaves;
see kalaskachi.

kachombi, kachumbi, kochombi, a.,
hard, as a swelling; swelled; caked.

kachombi, v. n., to be hard, etc.; hichi
at kachombi; ofosik ikonla yat shatalit ka-
chomba, the puppy’s neck is swollen
hard.

kachombi, n., a hard swelling; a cake in
the flesh; a bunch; a cancer; a cancer-
ous swelling; a scirrhus; a tumor.

kachombi toba, v. a. i., to swell; to be-
come swollen.

kachowa, see kachoa.

kachumbi, see kachombi, and kochombi.

kafakbi, n., a dent; a dint.

kafakbi, a., concave.

kafakbi, v. n., to be concave.

220

kafakbi, pp., made concaye; rendered
concave; dented; excavated.

kafakbichi, y. t., to make it concave; to
dent; to dint; to excavate.

kafali, pp., put into a crack or fork.

kafalichi, v. t. sing., to put into a crack;
to crowd into a place between two logs;
holisso kia, chufak kia aboha ititakla ka-
falichi.

kafanli, n. f., a gore of land or in a gar-
ment.

kafoh, pp. pl., put into a crack; laid up
in a erack; kafonli, n. f.

kafolichi, v. t., to put up in a crack.

kaha, v. a. i. pl., to fall down; to lie
down; to fall, Matt. 13: 4, 7, 8 (seeds
fell); 15: 14; 17: 6; kaiyaha, ibakaha,
alhkaha.

kaha, pp., fallen down; laid down;
staked; wagered; holisso hat kaha; kai-
yaha; itibakaha, confounded together;
put together; itibalhkaha, summed up.

kaha, n., a fall; a bet; that which is laid
down; a lay; a wager.

kahama, pp., trodden down; hashuk at
kahama; kahammi, v. t.

kahama, n., a trail; that which is trod-
den down.

kahat ma®ya, kahat matya, v. n., tobe
down; to lie about, as on the ground.

kahato; in nana kia ikkanihmo kahato ik-
ahno hosh. Sermon: Duties to Children,
p- 5.

kahammi, vy. t., to tread down; to bend
down; to trample down, as grass.

kahammi, n., a trampler; one that
treads down.

kahammichi, y. t., to cause to trample
down.

kahe, sign of 2d per. indic. mood, neg.
form, as iklokahe, he will not come,

kaheto, sign of 2d per. indic. mood,
double neg. form; as iklokaheto, he will
not not come—i. e., he will surely
come.

kahinla, sign of neg. pot. mood, iklo ka
hinla.

kahioke, sign of 2d per. indic. mood,
neg. form, with a word that terminates
a sentence, meaning, to give a little
more strength and dignity, or fullness,
of expression, to a sentence.

kahkahachi, vy. a.i.,to caw, asa crow.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

kahpuli, kapuli, v. t. pl., to lay them
down; to put them away or out, as
horses to feed; to set, Josh. 4: 8; 8: 13;
10: 27; isuba kahpulii ashachi is used
for many; ilakapuli, to put by them-
selves.

kaiakachi, y. a. i., to waddle; kaiaka-
hanchit arya, to waddle along.

kaialli, n., a pacer; a pace; a racking
pace; kaiallichi, vy. t., to make (a horse)
pace.

kaiilli, kaialli, v. a. i., to pace; to rack
(local).

kaiotichi, v. t., to affect the mouth, as
in eating peaches with the fuzz on; to
set on edge, as teeth.

kaiya, v. a. i., to englut.

kaiya, a., full; well fed; filled; pregnant,
as an animal; having young; before
birth, Matt. 14: 20.

kaiya, v. n., to be full; to be well fed;
to be pregnant, applied to animals; to
be with young; to teem; sakaiya, Iam
full, Matt. 15: 33, 37.

kaiya, n., a bellyful.

kaiyachi, v. t., to fill; to feed well.

kak (see ak, hak, and their compounds),
the; used chiefly after verbs. It is
found also after nouns; umba kakosh,
it rains that isit (kocha ya kapassachi).
Compounds: kaka; koi hannali kak
ahinla, six miles that may be (the dis-
tance )—kakahe, Matt. 13: 39; ont imisht-
aiyopt kakahe—kakano—kakat—kakato
kakanto, nasal form—kakat— kakato—
kakbano—kakbat—kakbato—kakhe—kak-
heno—kakheto—kaki—kakilla, but the,
Matt. 16: 4—kakinli, adv.—kakinli,
pro.—kakint—kakkia; aiishikakkia,
Matt. 18: 22—kakon; yohmi kakon, Matt.
13: 18; 14: 5, lakofichila hinlakakon, 1
should heal them, Matt. 13: 15, chumpa
kakon, Matt. 13: 44, 46, 48—kakocha—
kakoka; paska kileshokakoka, it is be-
cause we have taken no bread, Matt.
16: 7—kakoke; ishikakoke, Matt. 13: 20;
haklo kakoke, ikanotoba kakoke, Matt.
13: 22; akostininchit kakoke, Matt. 13: 23;
moma kakoke, Matt. 13: 28; avki aba
binili kakoke, my Father which is in
Heaven, Matt. 16: 17—kakokano—kak-
okat—kakokato—kakokia— kakona—kak-
osh, John 4: 26; yohmi kakosh, Matt. 14:

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY
7; 15: 11, 20; 18: 8—kakoshba, John 4:
18 [?]—kakot.

kakaachi, v. a. i., to caw, as a crow.

kakaachi, n., a caw.

Katkish, Ka®kilish, n., Congress.

kalafa, pp., scratched; marked; iyi at
kalafa; aimpa yat kalafa.

kalafa, n. sing., a scratch.

kalakbi, n., see kolokhi.

kalaki, kalahki,n., a lizard; a long slen-
der lizard.

kalakshi, a., despised; disgraced; ruined,
as to character; without credit; broken;
abject; degraded; cashiered.

kalakshi, pp., debased; decried; depre-
ciated; exploded; reduced; cursed, 2
Kings, 9: 34. :

kalakshi, vy. n., to be despised; to be
cursed, Josh. 9: 28.

kalakshi, n., a disgrace; a curse.

kalakshichi, y. t., to disgrace; to de-
grade; to cashier; to debase; to decry;
to deface; to depreciate; to dishonor;
to explode; to reduce; to slur; to curse.

kalakshichi, n., one who degrades, ete. ;
an exploder.

kalampi, akalampi, v. a. i., to freeze.

kalampi, a., frozen; congealed; frost
bitten.

kalampi, v. n., to be frozen; iyi at ka-
lampi; oka yat kalampi.

kalampi, pp., frozen; congealed; ikka-
lampo, a., uncongealed.

kalampichi, v. t., to freeze.

kalancha, a., rancid; brackish.

kalancha, y. n., to be rancid; to be
brackish; nipi at kalancha; oka yat ka-
lancha.

kalancha, n., rancidity; brackishness.

kalatska, n., a small frog; aname of one
kind of frog; other frogs have other
names, as halonlabi; kiba; shunkatti, etc.

kalaskachi, kachoa, a., having a border
like saw teeth.

kalasha, pp., cut with shears, isht kala-
sha, n., shears.

kalasha, n., that which is cut with
shears.

kalaffi, v. t., to scratch.

kalaffi, n., a scratcher.

kalan, n., a gallon.

kalan tuklo, n., a peck; two gallons.
kalashli, v. t., to cut with shears.
ka®lhkuha, y. a. i., to cackle; to cluck.

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE sapAl

ka®lhkuha, n., a cackler; a cackling.

kalochi, see kallochi.

kaloMshi, n., the windpipe of a fowl.

kalowa, pp., notched; v. t., to notch.

kalowa, n., a notch.

kalush, n., acabbage; a collard.

kalushapa, n., a cabbage eater; a cab-
bage worm.

kata"fa, n., phlegm.

katahachechi, vy. t., to cause a rustling.

katahachi, vy. a. i., to rustle, as leaves;
hashtap at katahachi.

kalahachi, n., a rustling.

katali, kalali, vy. t. sing., to break open,
as an egg; to contuse; to crash; to crush;
to open; kala, pp.

kalama, a., strong; rancid; musty.

kalama, vy. n., to be strong or rancid.

kalama, n., rancidity; must;
smell, taste, ete.

kalamachi, v. t., to make it rancid.

kah, vy. t., to bet; to wager; to lay down,
Josh. 2:14; to stake, as a wager; to
lay; to venture; isuba kati, v. t., to bet
a horse; to stake a horse; i®kati, to
bet with him, or against him; to wage;
itirkati, to bet against each other; ilekati,
to lay himself down, as an offering;
echim ilekalishke, Josh. 2: 14; ibakati, to
put with; itibakati, to mix with; to con-
found together; itibakatit hotina, v. t.,
to spurn.

kali, n., one who bets.

kali, n., a wager; astake; a lay; a bet.

kaloha, y. a. i. pl., to burst open and
spill.

kaloha, pp., burst open; italhfoa yat
katoha.

katoha, n. pl., the bursting open; those
which are burst open.

kaloli, v. t. pl., to burst them open, as
eggs, kegs, ete.; to break them; to crack
them; aka"kushi an katoti; see katali.

kama, conj. but; adv.; nafohka achukma
kat pimasha kama; ishithaiyanahinla
kama, because that thou mayest under-
stand, see Acts 24: 11; probably this
kama is composed of k and ama.

kamak at kania; masheli kamak at kania,
entirely fair weather; ninak oktilt kamak
at kania, Egyptian darkness.

kamali, y. t., to stop; to bung; i”kamali,
to bung it; to plug; to preclude,

a sour

222

kamassa, a., strong; firm; hard; brave;

hearty; aged; ripe in years; mature;

callous; inveterate; permanent; reso-
lute; rigid; vigorous; solid; stable;
steadfast; stiff; straitlaced; tough; un-
pliant; unshaken; nakni kamassa pia-
hoke, we are brave men; ikkamasso, un-
hardened.

kamassa, vy. n., to be strong.

kamassa, v. a.i., to stiffen; itakamassa,
to settle.

kamassa, pp., strengthened; confirmed;
hardened; stiffened; itakamassa, pressed
together; strengthened by each other;
pinned; akamassa, sealed; ikakamasso,
a., unsealed.

kamassa, n., strength; firmness; hard-
ness; rigidity; rigor; solidity; steadi-
ness; stiffness.

kamassa, adv., rigidly; stiffly.

kamassalli, v. t., to strengthen; to con-
firm; to harden; to stiffen; to toughen;
itakamassalli, to press them together,
as planks on a floor; to paste; to pin.

kamassalli, n., a strengthener; a sup- °

porter; a hardener.

kamassalli, a., strong; ripe in years;
nakni kamassalli.

kamassalli, v. n., to be strong.

kamba, adv., conj., because.

kamil, n., a camel.

kamil hishi, n., camel hair.

kamo, kamo, ady., signifying also the
immediate past tense; formed from k
and amo; alikamo, I said so; when li
or the last syllable before kamo is ac-
cented, a is changed to a, as pisali-
kamo, I saw it. See chamo. It implies
that the speaker has knowledge of what
he speaks and not the hearer; kamo is
sometimes contracted to k; chumpak,
ialek; for kamo, in the nom. case, see 2
Sam. 18: 9; kamo ont iatok.

kamomi, adv., (derived from ka and amo-
hmi iksho ka amohmi, in full), in the
least degree; in the smallest amount;
used with neg. verbs as iksho kamomi,
none at-all; ikachukmo kamomi, good
for nothing at all.

kampila, v. t. pl., to send; to throw; to
cast away; to reject, Matt. 8:12; 13: 40.
Perhaps thisis derived from kanchi and
pila. kanchi, sing., means to sell, but
kampila does not,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

kana, n., an intimate, Matt. 11: 19; a
friend; usually written with a prefix
pronoun, as a®kana, my friend; itkana,
his friend; friendship; grace; kindness;
inkana, v. t., to befriend him; to show
kindness; hachinkanali, hashitkanahe,
Josh. 2: 12; ikinkano, a., inimical; v. n.,
to be inimical; unkind; n., unkind-
ness; ititkana, to befriend each other;
to favor each other; to harmonize;
itinkanat arsha, a., peaceable; itinkana,
n., mutual friends; friends; itinkana,
n., amity; friendship; harmony; peace;
itinkanali, n., my friend; the one whom
I befriend; inkana, a., friendly; hu-
mane; kind; officious; propitious;
inkana iksho, a., unfriended; irkana
keyu, adv., unfriendly.

kanakli, kannakli, y.a.i., to dodge; to
move out of the way; a single motion
like halakli; (1 Sam. 19: 10).

kanaktakli, y.a.i., to toss the head.

kanali, kanalli, v. a. i., to move; to step
one side; to remove; to go; to shift; to
come away or to go away; to depart; to
hitch; kanalli, imp., move; get out of
the way.

kanali, pp., moved; see kanalli.

kanali, n., a mover; a moving; see ka-
nalli.

kanalichi, kanallichi, vy. t., to move; to
remoye; to take out of the way.

kananali, kananali, y. a. i. freq., to
keep moving about at or near one
place.

kananant atya, y. a.i., to be moving
about.

kanalla hinla, a., movable.

kanallahe keyu, a., immovable; im-
mutable; stationary.

kanalli, pp., removed; ikkanallo, a., un-
moved; unremoyed; see kanali.

kanalli, see kanali.

kanalli, n., a moving; a mover; a depar-
ture; a shift; see kanali.

kanallichahe keyu, a.,
immutable.

kanallichi, vy. t., to remove; to displace;
to move; to translate; to obviate; to
take away; to transfer; to unsettle; 2
Sam. 24: 10; see kanalicht.

kanallichi, n., a shifter.

kanallichit binilichi, v. t., to remove
and settle; to colonize.

immovable;

BYINGTON]

kanallit atya, vy. a. i., to move along,
and, as an adverb, gradually.

kanallit binili, v. a. i., to move and
settle.

kanah, v. a. i., not to go far.

kanapa, n., an injury in some mysterious
witcheraft-like way; isht kanapa.—J.
Hudson.

kancha hinla, a., salable; vendible.

kanchahe keyu, a., unsalable.

kanchak, n., a corn crib; a corn house;
a barn; acorn loft; a crib; a garner;
a granary, Matt. 6: 26.

kanchak fohki, v. t., to harvest; to put
up in the crib.

kanchak foka, pp., harvested; put up in
the crib.

kanchi, vy. t. sing., to sell; Matt. 13: 44, 46;
tocede; togrant; totransfer; toalienate;
to convey; todispose of; to part with; to
bargain away; todeal; todeliver; todis-
card; to dispose of; to eject; to fling; to
forsake; to leave; to put away, Matt.
5: 31; to reject; to throw away; to re-
nounce; to cast away, Matt. 18: 8,9; to
hurl; to pass; to repudiate; to shift; to
spend; to transfer; to vend; to waste; to
wane; isht kanchi, v.t., totakeaway; abit
kanchi, to do the uttermost; kaiyanchi,
Matt. 5: 26; ilekanchi, to throw himself
away; to deny himself, Matt. 16: 24; to
give himself; iekaiyanchi; itinkanchi, to
sell to each other, or for each other;
ilap imanumpa kanchi, v. t., to throw
away his own word, or, v. a. i., to re-
cant; imokla kanchi, n., a traitor to his
own people; isht tahpatat kanchi, n., a
vendue; an auction.

kanchi, n., an alienation; a sale; a ces-
sion; a transfer; a rejection; a throw;
a vent.

kanchi,n., a seller; a caster; a rejecter;
a thrower; a vender.

kanchi, a., sale; unaccepted.

kanchi keyu, a., unsold; ungranted; un-
ceded.

kanchichi, y. t., to cause to sell.

kanichi, kanihchi, vy. t., todo with, Luke
4: 34; Matt. 27: 19; nana kanihchi, to
chasten; to chastise, Luke 6: 11.

kanih, a contraction for kanihma, as kanih
pila pit kaiyanchahe a® imabahanchi;
kani, the root (like katih, nantih, nanih,
and mih) and h,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE aa

kanihma, see kanima.

kanihmi, a., convalescent; better; im-
proved in health; less affected with
disease. kanihmit ia, v. a. i., to mend;
to improvein health; kanihmit taha, pp.,
mended, etc.; i@kanihmi, he is better.

kanihmi, y. n., to be convalescent or
better; to get better; to improve; see
Luke 13:24, to be able; to effect;
nan imkanihmi, v. t., to ail him; to
trouble him; to affect him with some-
thing that produces uneasiness; see
nan inkanihmi; imkanihmi, he is better,
or it is better for him.

kanihmichi, y. t., to cause to get. better.

kanihmit ia, v. a. i., to mend; to get

better.
kanihmit taha, pp., mended; recovered.

kanitlau iksho, a., brave; not to be
conquered.

kanima, a., some, as to place or persons;
any, Matt. 18:8. In Josh. 7: 3; 8:17,
used for ‘‘or,’’ asin Aior Bethel. kani-
makia, some one; any one;.either; with
a neg. verb, none, none of them; kani-
mako; kanimashinli.

kanima, v. n., to be some.

kanima, y. a.i.; nan ashachi kat kanima
hatukma, 1 Sam. 14: 38; kanimaia, imp.,
hence; go off.

kanima, kanihma, ady., somewhere; a
while; some time; hence, Matt. 4: 10;
whither, Josh. 2: 5; where; for a sea-
son; kanimaia, Luke 4: 13 [?]; kanima
minti; where, Matt. 2:4; 6:21; kanima
aboti, Matt. 8: 20; where to lay, Josh.
IE We

kanima inla kia, ady., elsewhere.

kanima kia, ady., anywhere; some-
where; or, whencesoever; wheresoever;
wherever; with a neg. verb, nowhere.

kanima kia, pro., anyone.

kanima kia keyu, adv., nowhere; inno
place; no way; no ways.

kanima moma, adv., everywhere; every
place; all about, Luke 4: 37 [?].

kanimachi, kanimanchi, a., partial; ik-
kanimancho, a., impartial; pp., un-
biased; ikkanimancho, n., impartiality;
kanimanchi keyu, pp., unbiased; ‘‘is no
respecter,’’ Acts 10: 34.

kanimachi, kanimali, y. a. i., v. n., to
be partial; to despise, Matt. 5: 44; 18:
10; to act partially; kanimanchi, n. f.,

224

to act with partiality; kanimachilahe
keyu, to despise; kanimanchi, nasal
form, Matt. 6: 24.

kanimampo, a., which of two; either of
two; whichsoever; kanimampo hon; ka-
nimampo hokia; kanimampo hosh; kani-
mampo hot.

kanimampo keyu, a., neuter; neutral;
neither.

kanimampo kia, adv., either.

kanimash inli, ady., sometimes.

kanimash inli kia, adv., whenever.

kanimi, vy. a. i., to be some; it is definite,
and kaniohmi, distinctive.

kanimi, kanimi, a., some; somebody;
certain, Luke 6: 2; Mark 2: 6; 12: 5;
13: 4, 5, 7, 8; some (seeds); kanimi kat
ansha, kanimimat ia; kanimi hosh abeka;
kanimi hon chumpa sabanna, I wish to
buy some one; na kanimi keyu, a.,
sound; ‘‘nothing the matter;” nan
ikinkanihmo ka hioke, ‘‘he shall be
free,’’ Matt. 15: 5.

kanimichi, v. t. (definite), to do it some-
how or in any way; kanimihchi, v. t.,
Mark 11:18; Matt. 10:19; 12:14; kani-
miechi, kaniemichi, pro. form; kanimichit
ikbit chibannakmat ikbi; kanimihinchi,
v.t., Acts 10: 39.

kanimusi, see kaniohmusi.

kaniohmi, n. (distinctive), matter; a
measure; manner; fashion; anoccasion;
anoccurrence; parts of; Kalili inkanioh-
mi, Matt. 2:22; face; appearance, Matt.
16: 3; pinkaniohmi, our business, Josh.
2:14, 20.

kaniohmi (see akaniohmi), a., any, as
nitak kaniohmi, any day, Matt. 4: 6;
being of some sort or of some kind; in
some way or time, Luke 13: 25; some;
certain, Matt. 9: 3; 12:38; some, i, e., a
part, Josh. 8:22; wak kaniohmi chimala-
chin, I will give you a cow of some kind.

kaniohmi, vy. t., to do; Chisas at
akaniohmitokan, John 21: 25; Acts 1:1;
Matt. 6: 3.

kaniohmi, y. n., to be of some sort, Matt.
5: 20; to be in some way or time, etc.,
Luke 5:19; Matt. 26: 24; 10: 42; kanioh-
mi, is the responding form of katiohmi,
or katiohmi is transitive and kaniohmi
intransitive; kaniohmahe ikithano, a.,
dubious, Luke 18: 17; kaniohmit offo,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

how they grow, Matt. 6: 28; kaniohmi
tokba; kanioht, a contracted form.

kaniohmi, y. a. i., to do somehow; ka-
niohmilahe keyu.

kaniohmi, n., a sort; a kind; a fact,
okfa kaniohmi moma, valleys of every
kind, i. e., all valleys, Luke 3: 5.

kaniohmi chishba, a., uncertain; in a
way unknown.

kaniohmi chishba, y. n., to be uncer-
tain; to be in a way unknown.

kaniohmi foka ho, ady., when, Josh.
24 iso 3313),

kaniohmi kash, ady., when, in time
past.

kaniohmi kia, ady., somehow; in any
way whatever; of any kind; however,
Matt. 18: 7.

kaniohmichi, v. t., to cause it to be some-
how or of some fashion; to do to, Josh.
8:2; 9:3; todo unto; to do asa custom,
1 Sams 22135 22> tondoyePsaidenoseto
improve opportunity, Matt. 26: 16.

kaniohmiho, ady., somehow.

kaniohmikma, a., occasional;
time; sometimes.

kaniohmusi, kanimusi, n., a particle;
diminutive of kaniohmi.

kanliksho, n., tenderness.

kanliksho, a. (from kallo and iksho),
tender; not strong; not hard; not tough;
fragile.

kanliksho, y. n., to be tender.

kannakli, a form of halakli, shabakli,
chiksanakli; see 1 Sam. 19: 10.

kanni, see kani.

kano, art., the, the which, a distinctive
art. pro. indicating contrast; the letter
k is definite with ano, distinctive; also
a rel. pro., hatak puta kano, Matt. 6: 18.

kano®, ady., here and there; used in
the sing; kano” pit ishchaffichashke, send
her away to another place, Matt. 15: 23;
for pl. see Acts 5: 40; kano” pit hika, to
stagger; kanont kanchi; kano” pit kam-
pila, to throw them away; kano” pit
titeli, to send them off. This is some-
times written kanompit, Matt. 13: 36;
15: 23.

kano2®, n., different places, or another
place; kano” may be a contraction of
kaniohmi, like katio of katiohma.

kanoha, art., rel. pro., the, the which.

some

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY

kanohmi, a., how many, Matt. 16: 9;
some; several, Luke 5: 18; various, used
to make the plural number, as hatak
kanohmi, men, Josh. 7:2; hatak kanohmi
hosh minti.

kanohmi, y. n., to be some.

kanohmi kia, howsoever.

kanomi, n., relations; kindred; used with
prefix pronouns, as akanomi, chitka-
nomi, inkanomi, ete.; ititkanomi, kins-
folk; mutual relations.

kanomi, a., related; i”kanomi, related to
him; iti2kanomi, related to each other.

kanomi, v. n., to be related; hashitin-
kanomi, you are related to each other.

kanomona, a. (from kanomi and ona),
several; many, John 2: 12; some; sun-
dry.

kanomona, y. n., to be numerous or
many; to amount to several.

kanomona, n., a number; a parcel; a
quantity.

kanompit, Matt. 13: 36; see kanon for
the correct orthography of kanompit.

kanomusi, kanimusi, a., very few; very
little; a few; a little, Josh. 7: 3.

kanomusi, y. n., to be small, little, ete.

kanomusi, n., a small quantity; a small
number; a pittance, Matt. 15: 34.

kantak, n., the kind of brier from which
bread is made; a smilax.

kantak api, n., a bramble; a brier.

kantak paska, n., kantak bread; brier-
root bread.

kantali, v. a. i., to press; to crowd, like
the houses in a city, or people, Mark
5: 27, 31; see akantali.

kanumpa, n., name of a weed which
grows in low grounds.

kapali, v. t., to hold in the mouth; to
put into one’s own mouth; hakchuma
kapali, he holds tobacco in his mouth.

kapali, pp., put in the mouth.

kapali, n., that which is put in the
mouth, as a bridle bit.

kapali isht talakchi, n., bridle reins;
a rein; see isuba kapali, ete.

kapali isht talakchi nushkobo foka,
n., headstall.

kapalichi, vy. t., to put into the mouth
of another; pl. kapa.

kapassa, a., cold; icy; frosty; fresh;
frigid; gelid; phlegmatic; raw; re-

84339°—Bull. 46—15 15

OF THE CITOCTAW

LANGUAGE 225
pulsive; rigorous; wintry; lukfi kapassa
chohmi, clay cold.

kapassa, v. n., to be cold. This does
not mean the sensation of cold; hochwk-
wa means to feel cold, to experience
cold, as a sensation.

kapassa, n., coldness; a cold; frigidity;
iciness; strangeness.

kapassa, pp., cooled; damped; _ re-
freshed; tali at kapassat taha.

kapassa, vy. a. i., to cool.

kapassa fehna, a., hard; very cold.

kapassachi, a., cool; kucha kapassachi,
cool weather.

kapassachi, y. n., to be cool.

kapassachi, vy. t., to cool; to make cool;
to refrigerate; to shadow; to shade, or
to refresh by shade.

kapassalli, v. t., to cool; to refresh; to
refrigerate; umba kakosh kucha yan ka-
passachi, the rain cools the weather.

kapash, n.; uski kapash, cane tongs; a
large cane is bent double; luak isht
kapash, fire tongs (not used).

kapko, n., a large hickory nut.

kapucha, n., ball sticks, such as the
Choctaw use at ball plays.

kapulhachi, vy. a. i., to crunch.

kapuli, see kahpuli.

kapuh, v. a. i., to champ.

kapulh, n., a champer.

kapulichi, vy. a. i., to champ.

kapun, n., a shagbark hickory nut.

kapun api, n., a shagbark hickory.

kasali, kasalichi, v. t., to strike with
a stick.

kasmo, kosmo, n., a_ turkey-feather
shawl or robe worn by the ancient
Choctaw.

kasolichi, v. t. sing., to thump; ala
nushkobo yan kasolichi, to thump the
child’s head with the thumb and fin-
ger.

kasuha, pl., to thump.

kash, kash, immediate past tense arti-
cle and rel. pro.; see ash, hash, chash,
(which is remote past tense, ) etc., ady.,
last; late; lately, Matt. 2:21; puta kash,
the said, i.e., plural, Matt. 8: 16; 11:
20; Compounds: kashano— kashato —
kashin—kashinli, Matt. 5: 25—kashke—
kashket, rel. pro., that which; the same
that; as ali kashket, that is what I said;
this form is not much used; it is called

226 BUREAU
a hard expression, — kashkia—kashkin,
kashkint, rel. pro., nasal form, being
the same; that which—kashon; nani
tuklo aiena kashon, the two fishes also,
Matt. 14:19; nana kashon, whatsoever,
Matt. 15: 5—kashocha—kashoka—kasho-
kakon — kashokakocha — kashokakosh—
kashokano —kashoke— kashokia —kasho-
kat—kashokato—kashona—kashosh, am-
intili kashosh, Matt. 12: 44; Josh. 2: 5;
6: 8—kashot.

kashapa, v. a. i., to divide.

kashapa, pp., divided, asa part, in two;
parted; subtracted; itakashapa, divided
into two; halved; separated; sundered;
divided against itself, Matt. 12: 25;
ikkashapo, a., undivided.

kashapa, n., a half; a part; a division;
a proportion; a share; a snack.

kashapa ishi, v. a. i., to share.

kashabli, v. t. sing., to divide; to sepa-
rate; to part; to subtract; itakashabli,
y. t., to half; to separate from each
other into two parts; to sunder.

kashablit ishi, v. a. i., to share.

kasheho, a. fem. gender, old; aged.

kasheho, y. n., to be old or aged; ohoyo
hat kasheho; isuba hat kasheho.

kasheho, n., age; anility; old age.

katshi,n., a bird which eats poke ber-
ries and black-gum berries.

katshka lusa, n., the name of a fish.

ka®shkachi, v. a. i., tosqueak; to grate,
as the hinges of a door.

ka®shkachi, n., a squeaking; a grating.

kashke, neg. form of ashke; as ialashke,
let me go, or I will go; akaiyukashke,
let me not go; I will not go.

kashkoa, kashkoa, pl. of kashapa,
y. a. i., to divide; to separate; kashkoli,
y. t., to divide:

kashkoa, pp., divided; separated; ia-
kashkoa.

kashkoa, n., divisions; parts; portions.

kashofa, a., tidy; unspotted; clean;
cleanly; immaculate; pure; neat; null;
ikkashofo, a., impure; unclean; un-
cleansed; unfaded; unpardoned; un-
repealed; unwashed.

kashofa, y. n., to be clean.

kashofa, v. a. i., to fade.

kashofa, pp., faded; cleansed; forgiven;
erased; blotted out; clarified; cleared;
effaced; expunged; expurgated; fined;

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 46

freed; fulled, as cloth; justified; oblit-
erated; pardoned, Luke 5: 20; purg-
ated; purified; quashed; razed; refined;
vacated; wiped; chitkashofahoke, Matt.
9: 2; 12: 81; inkashofo, remitted to him.

kashofa, n., a cleansing; a pardon; a jus-
tification; a purgation; a purification;
cleanness; fairness; fineness; refine-
ment; tidiness; ikkashofo, impurity;
ikinkashofo, a., unremitted.

kashofa hinla, a., pardonable, venial.

kashofahe keyu, a., unfading; unpar-
donable.

kashofat, adv., neatly.

kashoffi, (kasholi, pl.,) v. t., to clean;
Matt. 8: 2; to cleanse; to wash clean;
to erase; to cross out; to forgive; Matt.
6: 12, Luke 5: 21; to cancel; to clarify;
to efface; to expunge; to expurgate; to
fade; to fine; to free; to justify; to null;
to obliterate; to pardon; to purge; to
purify; to quash; isht kashoffi, to offset.

kashoffi, n., a cleanser; a justifier.

kashoffi, n., a purgation; a purification;
a rasure; a refinement.

kashoffichi, y. t., to make clean; to
clean another; to bleach; to blanch; to
cleanse; to crop; to erase; to expunge;
to expurgate; to full or scour cloth; to
obliterate; to purify; to rase; to refine;
to repeal; to try; to vacate.

kashoffichi, n., a refiner.

kashoffichit kanchi, vy. t., to cancel; to
forgive; to blot out; to wipe out;. to
erase.

kashokachi, v. a. i., to rub against.

kashokachi, pp., wiped; rubbed;
brushed; scoured.

kasholichi, v. t., to wipe; to brush; to
scour; to rub; to dust; to mop; to
scrub; to swab; from kashofi.

kasholichi, n., a scourer; a wiper, etc.;
one who wipes; kasholihinchi, freq.,
Luke 7: 44.

katali, v. a. i., to gird; to pinch; isht
ilakatali, they girded themselves with,
Gen. 3: 7; katanli, nasal form; ilakatali,
to gird one’s self.

katanli, n., a girding; strictness.

katanli, a., girded; drawn tight, as a
ligature; bound tight; close; strict;
tight.

katanli, adv., tightly.

BYINGTON]

katanlichi, vy. t., to draw tight round
another person; to bind tight; to brace;
to.pinch; to squeeze; to straighten; to
tighten; kataya, pp.

katapa, v. a. i., to divide; to separate;
to break.

katapa, pp., divided; cut off; intercepted;
headed, as cattle separated; stemmed;
withheld; precluded; ivkatapa, he is cut
off, or to cut him off.

katapa, n., a division.

katapoa, vy. a. i. pl., to divide.

katapoa, pp., divided; ikatapoa.

katapoh, v. t. pl., to cut them off; to
intercept; to head; inkatapoti, to cut
them off; to head them.

kataya, pp., squeezed; see katanli.

katabli, v. t., to divide; to separate; to
intercept; to fend; to withhold; wak
inkatabli, head the cow; stop the cow;
inkatabli, to preclude; to shed; to stop;
to trammel.

katablichi, vy. t., to cause to head, or
intercept, or to do it, i. e., to head by
another.

kati, kati, a word used in compound
words; katiohmi, katihmi; see kani.

katichi, see katihchi.

katiff—i, v. t., to cut off; sing. katoli.

katih, why; nanta katih; kanih, kati, or
katih isused in compounding words.

katih (from kani), katit hashmanyah?,
what are you about? Similar verb to
mih; also ef. nantih from nanih.

katihchi, katichi, katichi, y. t., to do
with; nanta ishtishkatichachin? what
will you do with it?

katihmi (from katih and mih); na” katih-
miho? why? Mark 2: 7.

katima, katima (from kati and ma),
ady., where; anywhere; whence; whith-
er; also pro., which, katimakakosh, Mark
12: 28; hachi katima, what of ye, Matt.
ale bal

katimafoka, advy., whereabout.

katimaho, where; which; hash katima
kakosh, which of you, Matt. 6: 27.

katimahosh, where; which.

katimaia®, which; hatak katimaia, which
man? '

katimakakosh, what, Matt. 7: 9; hatak
hash katimakakosh.
atimakakosh, whether of two, Mark
2:9; katimampokakosh, Matt. 9: 5,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

227

katimako®, where; whence, John 1: 48;
which; whence, Matt. 2: 2; 13: 54; 15:
33; katimak, from katima and k, defi-
nite.

katimampo, which of two; whether,
Luke 5: 23; whichsoever. ©

katimampo aiyukali kakosh, which of
all, Luke 6: 9 [?].

katimampo ho, which; whom, in ob-
jective case.

katimampo ka, which; tanampo katima-
mampo ka, which of the two guns.

katimampo kako®, which.

katimampo kakosh, which one is it
of the two, Matt. 9:5; hash katimampo
kakosh hashiachi; katimampo kakosh
ahchiba kat iklawwo cho? ‘whether (of
two) is easier,’’ Matt. 9: 5; katimampo
kat; katimimampo kat.

katimi; katima heto, it will come to noth-
ing; katima wa, it will not be.

katimichi, katihmichi, y. t., to do in
some way; katimichit ishhokchi, how
did you plant it? Luke 19: 15 [?]; shati-
minchi, nas. form.

katiohmi, katiohmi, y. t., to do, Luke
3: 10; to do somehow; how? Matt.
18: 12; katiohmili, Luke 18: 18; nanta
katiohmi han? why.

katiohmi, what, Matt. 17: 25.

katiohmi, a., pp., done in some way;
after some manner; of some kind.

katiohmi, y. n., to be done in some way;
to be after some manner, or, how is it;
katiohmi hokakosh ilappat yamohma
hinla cho? after what manner is it that
this can be done? John 38:9; katiohmit
hachiyimma wa, it is no way that ye
will believe, John 3: 12; katiohmi hosh
yammichi.

katiohmi, adv., how; in what manner;
of what kind; katiohmit ishiachin, how
will you go? chikatiohmi cho, how d’ye,
or, how do youdo—katohmi fohka, adv.,
when; in what manner is it; about
what time is it—katiohmi foka kash,
about what time was it; when was it—
katiohmi foka kashon, when was it—kati-
ohmi foka mako, when—katiohmi foka
makosh, when—katiohmi hor, how;
wherefore; how is it, Matt. 16: 11—
katiohmi hosh, how—katiohmi ka—kati-
ohmi kakon, how is it—katiohnui kakosh,
how is it—katohmi kash, when was it?

228

katiohmi kash ishla?—katiohmi kasho,
when was it; at what time was it—
katiohmikma, when; katiohmikma ishia-
chin? when will you go?—katiohmikma-
kon, when—katiohmit, how; whence.

katiohmi ho, why, Matt. 7: 4; 17: 10,
19; katiohmi hon? how is it? 2 Sam.
14: 2 [?].

katiohmichi, vy. t., todo it in some way,
Matt. 10: 25; 1 Sam. 5: 8; Josh. 7: 9.

katioht, cont. of katiohmi; chishno akosh
katioht issantakofahinla chimahoba.

kato, kato, hatoha, the; that which;
who.

katoba, see kotoba.

katohmi, a., how many.

katohmi, katomi, adv., how many,
Matt. 15: 34; what number, John 4:
53 [2]; katohmi,a.; katohmi, v.n; katohmi
ho; katohmia; katomona; katomola, ete.

katohmona, a. (from katohmi and ona),
several; sufficient number; coming to
some.

katohmona (from katohmi and ona), v.
n., to come to, or amount to several;
katomonahatukosh iktato, because there
was not a sufficient number they did
not finish it.

katota, pp., cut up, as ahe katota, pota-

~ toes cut for planting.

katoh, v. a. i. pl., to cut off, as ahe ka-
toli, to cut potatoes; katiffi, sing., to cut
in two, as firewood, ribs, ete.

katomi, see katohmi.

kaua, see kauwa.

kauasha, a., aged; middle aged; hatak
kauasha, a middle-aged man.

kauasha, y. n., to be middle aged.

kauashachi, a., near to middle age;
somewhat advanced in years.

kauashachi, v. n., to be somewhat ad-
vanced in years.

kauehto, kauihto, n., glue; size; the
name of a wild vine.

kauwa, kaua, a., broken; fulli kawwa,
broken twigs.

kauwa, vy. n., to be broken.

kauwa, v. a. 1., to break.

kauwi, v. t. sing., to break.

kauwichi, v. t. pl., to break; to break
down; to cause them to break.

kawa, sign of double neg.; ikminto kawa,
Luke 18: 7 [?].

kawa, pp., broken; kauwichi, vy. t.

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[BULL. 46

kawa, v. a. i., to break.

katwa, kawa, v. a. i., to bark, as a fox;
to sing, as insects on trees.

ka2wa, n., a fox which barks.

kabaha, kapaha, v. t. pl., to beat; to
pound; to hammer; to drub.

kabaha, n., a beater; a hammerer.

kabahachi, y. a. i., to rumble, as a
wagon in motion on hard ground.

kabalichi, v. t. sing., to beat; to strike.

kachakachechi, vy. t., to make it creak,
as a door hinge.

kachakachi, v. a. i., to creak; to squeak.

kachakachi, n., a creaking; a creak; a
squeak.

kachi, pl. termination of passives, Ch.
Sp. Bk., Table 31.

kafa, pp., dipped; isht kafa, dipped out
with; n., a ladle.

kafabicha, n., a coffee-pot spout.

kafafotoha, n., a coffee mill.

kafahonni, n., a coffee boiler; a coffee
pot.

kafaialhto, n., a coffee pot (used on the
table); a coffee sack, bin, box, etc.

kafaiishko, n., a coffee cup; a coffee
saucer.

kafaiishko aiontala, n., a salver.

kafaiishko ataloha, n., a waiter.

kafaiontala, n., a salver; a waiter.

kaffi, v. t., to dip out; to take out with
a ladle; isht kaffi, to dip out with.

kafi, n., sassafras; but iti haji is also sassa-
fras or sassafras tree.

kafi, n., coffee, being an imitation of the
English name.

kafi auashli, y. t., to parch coffee; to
brown coffee.

kafi homi, n., strong coffee.

kafi honi, vy. t., to boil coffee.

kafi honni, n., boiled coffee.

kafi lakchi, n., coffee grounds.

kafi nihi, n., a coffee berry or seed; a
coffee kernel.

kafi okchimali, n., green coffee; West
India coffee.

kafi tohbi, n., white coffee; Java coffee.

kahchi, v. t., to cut with shears; pass.,
kachaya.

kala (from kalli), pp., scratched.

kalaha, a., round, as a wheel or log; iti
kalaha, a truck wheel.

kalaha, vy. n., to be round.

kalaha, n., a wheel; a round; a rundle.

BYINGTON]

kalakachi, v. a. i., to gulp; also a noise
made in the throat by swallowing; see
kolak.

kalanchah, v. a. i., to be hoarse.

kali, n., a spring of water; a fountain;
a font; a fount; a well.

kali aholihta, n., the curb of a well
above ground; a well curb.

kali hapi oka, n., a salt spring; a brine
spring; a saline.

kali hofobi, n., a well; a deep well; a
deep spring.

kali kula, n., a dug spring.

kali oka, n., well water; spring water.

kalli, v. t., to scratch; to claw.

kalli, n., a scratch.

kallo, a., strong; athletic; powerful;
mighty; brawny; cogent; firm; hard;
tough; stiff; callous; acute, as a dis-
ease; severe; bony; braced; able; en-
ergetic; forcible; furious; hardy; harsh;
hearty; heavy; high; inveterate; lusty;
masculine; nervous; obdurate; pithy;
potent; powerful; profound; resistless;
rigid; solid; vigorous; violent; boister-
ous, Matt. 14: 30; robust; rough; sin-
ewed; sinewy; stable; steadfast; steady;
stern; stout; straightlaced; strict; stub-
born; sturdy; substantial; tense; tight;
trusty; tyrannical; unrelenting; un-
shaken; valiant; valid; itinkallo, mutu-
ally strengthened; strong against each
other; ikkallo, a., enervate; faint; flat;
flimsy; soft; stale; unfirm; infirm; un-
hardened; unseasoned; unsolid; un-
sound; unstable; weak; weakly.

kallo, adv., rigidly; stiffly; straitly, Josh.
6:1; ikkallo, ady., weakly.

kallo, v. n., to be strong, ete.

kallo, v. a. i., to act with strength; to
harden; to indurate; to rage; to stiffen;
ishkallashke, you waust act with vigor.

kallo, pp., made strong; strengthened;
hardened; confirmed; consolidated;
enforced; established; fixed; indu-
rated; invigorated; ratified; seared;
set; tempered; ikkallo, enervated;
softened.

kallo, n., strength; vigor; power; hard-
ness; energy; firmness; force; harsh-
ness; intensity; might; nerve; pith;
potency; rigidity; severity; sinew; so-
lidity; steadiness; stiffness; stress;

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

229

strictness; valor; violence;
ikkallo, feebleness; weakness.

kallo alhpesa, strong enough.

kallo itshaht tah, a., strongest.

kallo i"shaht tali, v. n., to be strongest.

kallo i®shali, a., stronger.

kallo i"shali, y. n., to be stronger.

kallo keyu, n., inability.

kallo keyu, adv., loosely.

kallo keyu, a., powerless;
strength.

kallochi, kalochi, y. t., to straighten; to
temper; to toughen, Matt. 9: 30; 12:
16; 16: 20; to harden; to strengthen; to
make strong, as coffee, rum, etc.; to
confirm; to consolidate; to corroborate;
to enforce; to establish; to indurate;
to invigorate; to ratify; to sear; to
season; to stiffen; ikkallocho, v. t., to
dilute; to weaken; to enervate; ikkallo-
chochi, v. t., to enervate.

kallochi, n., a hardener; a strengthener;
an enforcer; a ratifier.

kallochit hilechi, y. t., to fix.

kallot, ady., with hardness; severely;
strongly.

kallot fiopa, v. a. i., to heave; to breathe
hard.

kallot hika, pp., rooted.

kallot ia, v. a. i., to strengthen; to
toughen.

kallot ishi, v. t., to engrasp.

kallot ishi, a., tenacious.

kallot isht ia, v. a. i., to rankle.

kala, v. a. i. sing., to burst open, as an
egg; to open.

kala, pp., burst open; contused; crushed;
opened; katali, y. t.

kala, n., a bursting open; a breaking; a
contusion; see kuta.

kalahachechi, vy. t., to cause to clatter;
to make a rattling; to clatter.

katahachi, v. a.i., to clatter; to rattle.

katahachi, n., a rattling; a clattering.

katali, v. t., to burst; to open.

kama, pp., stopped; ikama, precluded;
isht inkamakachi, vy. t., to uneork.

kamahachechi, v. t., to cause to tinkle.

kamahachi, vy. a. i., to tinkle, as a bell.

kamahachi, n., the tinkling of a bell.

kamakachi, komahachi, komakachi,
n., pl., knocks; raps; blows on a bell.

kamakachi, v. a. i., to ring, as a bell.

virtue;

without

230

kammi, y. t. pl., to stop up; to plug;
inkammi, to plug them up.

kamo, kamo (q. v.), ady., having the
sense of the immediate past tense;
kamo is distinctive of a known object
and implies immediate past time. See
chamo for the remote; was so, did, etc.,
John 4: 54; hakamo, chokamo.

kamomi, kamomi (q. v.), Kammohmi,
ady., at all; in the least degree; in the
smallest amount, Luke 4: 2. This word
is compounded from the art. pro. ka
and the verb amohmi; iksho ka amohmi.

kana, n., a person.

kana, a., anyone.

kana, v. n., to be anyone.

kana iksho, a., vacant; no one present.

kana keyu, pro., no one; nobody.

kana kia, pro., anyone, Matt. 13: 19;
somebody; anybody; whosoever, John
3:16; 2:25; whoever; whomsoever, Matt.
5:41; 10: 14; kana imma kia, towards
whomsoever; kanaimmi kia, whosoever;
to whomsoever, etc.

kanaho, pro., who so; he that; to whom,
Matt. 11: 27.

kanaho kia, pro., anyone whatever.

kanahosh, pro., anyone; who, Matt. 10:
11; he that, Matt. 10: 22; 13: 9; whoso-
ever; he that, Josh. 2: 19; John 3: 18;
4: 36; Matt. 5: 31, 32; he; whosoever,
Matt. 7: 8; 18:4; 7: 24; 10: 32, 33, 37, 38;
18: 4; whoso, Matt. 18: 5, 6.

kanalichi, kanallichi, kanalichi (q. v.),
v. t., to remove.

kananali, kananli, kanananli, kana-
nali (q. v.), v. a. i. freq., to keep moy-
ing about.

kanapachi, v. t., to catch, Mark 12:13

kani, kanni, contracted, I presume, from
kanima, anywhere, somewhere; see
John 6: 67. See kati. Acts 14: 18; ka-
nichi, causative form.

kania, a., pp., gone; lost; strayed; de-
parted; dead; obviated; removed; trans-
lated; kaninihya, went away swiltly,
Luke 24: 31; kannia, intensive form.
This word makes its changes of form
like yanalli, binili, yanananli, binininli,
kanananli, kaninihya, instead of yan-
ohanli, ete.

kania, (the sing. number of tamoa or
tammoa), v. n., to be goneor lost; to stray
away, Matt. 18: 12; kaninihya, to go

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BuLL. 46

away suddenly, Luke 24: 31; inkania,
v. t., to lose, Matt. 10: 39; he loses or
it is lost to him, Matt. 16: 25; irkania,
n., a loser.

kania, v. a. i., to go away, Matt. 13: 25;
to disappear; to elope; to pass; to
escape; to spend; to stray; to vanish;
to wag; itakania, to go away from each
other or together, as to offset accounts;
itinkania, to leave each other, as man
and wife when they part, Matt. 5: 31;
itinkania, to go off together, as in run-
away or clandestine matches; kaniat ia,
to dwindle; itakania, y. t., to offset; to
go away together.

kania, n., a departure; a loss; the one
who goes away; expense; a fugitive; a
stray.

kania, pp., exiled; taken away; ex-
pended; kanalli, v. a. i., to move one’s
self; kanallichi, v. t., to remove it, them,
ete.

kania, adv., entirely; alotat kania, en-
tirely full; okshilintat kania, Luke 4: 25;
Byes ik P

kaniachi, v. t., to lead astray; to cause
to be lost, gone, ete.

kanichi, see kanichi.

kanimi, see kanim.

kannakli, kannakli, v. a. i. sing., to
move quickly once; see 1 Sam. 19: 10.

kano, kano (q. v.), the which; that
which; see ka, kat, and kato.

kapa, pl. of kapalichi.

kapaha, see kabaha.

kapbat, n. (Eng.), a cupboard.

kapitani, kapotani,n.(Span.), a captain,
Josh. 5: 14; a centurion; tashkachipota
iMmkapetani, a military captain; a captain
among the Choctaw is a civil as well
as military officer or ruler.

kapitani iakaiya, n., a vicegerent.

kapitani imanumpeshi,n., a lieutenant.

kas, n., a noise made by striking on the
head.

kasachi, y. a. i., to sound, or say kas;
noti kasanchi, to chatter, as the teeth,
with cold.

‘kasahachi, v. a. i., to patter; v. t., to

ring.
kasbi, n., a dooryard; any place made
smooth and hard; a court.
kasbi, pp., trod hard and made smooth.
kasbichi, y. t., to make a kasbi.

BYINGTON)

kaskaha, a., sour; acid; tart; acetous.

kaskaha, v. n., to besour or acid; y. a. i.,
to turn sour; to become sour; to sour.

kaskaha, n., sourness.

kaskahachi, y. t., to make it sour; to
sour.

kassa, v. a. i., to ring; to tinkle.

kassaha, y. a. i. pl., to ring; to tinkle.

kassahachi, v. a. i., to tinkle; to patter.

kassahachi, n., a tinkling.

kash, see kash.

kashaha, n., a relish; a savor; zest.

kashaha, a., sweet; palatable; pleasant
to the taste; dulcet; nice.

kashaha, pp., seasoned; ikkashaho, un-
palatable; unseasoned.

kashaha, vy. n., to be pleasant to the
taste.

kashaha, vy. a. i., to relish; to savor; in-
kashaha, v. t., to relish; to love; ikitkash-
aho, to disrelish.

kashahachi, y. t., to season; to render
pleasant to the taste; to cause to relish;
to give a relish; to relish; to zest.

kasheho, n., an old woman, applied to
a man’s wife when aged.

kashi®, see kash.

kashka, n., name of a fish; the catfish.

kashke, neg. form in the indic., as ak-
pesokashke, 1 do not see.

kashkoa, pl., kashapa sing., divided;
itakashkoa, divided into parts; Josh. 11:
23; allotted; dispensed; parted; shared.

kashkoa, vy. a. i. pl., to divide into parts;
itakashkoah, to divide among themselves
or with each other; see kashkoa.

kashkoa, n., a division; a partition;
itakashkoa, n., a partition.

kashkoachi, vy. t., to divide; itakashko-
achi, to divide for others, Luke 18: 22

kashkoli, pl., kashabli, sing., v. t., to
divide them; to deal; to dispense; ita-
kashkoli, to divide among others, Josh.
1: 6; 13: 6, 7; itakashkoli, to divide
them into parts; to allot; to dispense;
to disperse; to lot; to part; to propor-
tion; to separate; to share; itinkashkuli,
to share out among them.

kashkolit kampila, v. t., to retail.

kashkolit kampila, n., a retailer.

kashti, n., a flea.

kashti akobli, n., flea bites.

kashti akopoli, n., a flea bite.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

231

kat, art., the; made by prefixing k de-
monstrative to at, Matt. 18: 14.

kat, art. and rel. pro., the; which; that
which; what; n. ease; kat is used in the
place of at when at is removed from a
noun and placed after an adjective
agreeing with it, as hatak at, hatak
achukma kat, and hatak ohoyo aiena kat;
chula hat chito kat ofi an, the fox in size
is greater than a dog; used here for
specification; if less would be iklauo
hoke.

kata, interrog. pro., who, John 1: 19,
22; 2 Kings 9:32; kata chia hon? who
art thou? Compounds: kata han, obj.
case, whom—kata hakon, obj. case,
whom; to whom; for whom; by whom,
Matt. 12: 27—kata hakosh [?], nom.
case, who is it; who, John 4: 33—kata
hat—kata hon, obj. case, to whom; for
whom; what one of some kind; whom,
Matt. 16: 13, 15—kata hokako—kata ho-
kakosh, Luke 5: 21—kata hosh, kata hosh
mintahe keyu, no person will come; who,
Matt. 18: 1—kata ilapon, whose.

kata, pro., any one; kata hosh anola heto,
any one shall not tell, or no one shall
tell.

katanih, y. a.i., to breathe hard; ‘‘of
hard breathing.”’

katetichi, v. t., to clip off.

kati, n., a thorn; a locust tree; a honey
locust; a locust.

kati, see kati.

kati ancho, n., a wild rose.

kati chito, a., thorny.

kati holba, n., a thorn.

kati laua, a., thorny.

katichi, see katihchi.

katihmichi, see katimichi.

katima, see katiuma.

katiohmi, see katiohmi.

kato, art. and rel. pro., the one; that
which; the one which; kanimi kato,
some, Matt. 16: 14.

kattit; nanta kattit ilapela hinla.

kbano, ikbano (q. v.), okbano (q. v.),
oh that!, sign of optative mood; O, int.
This isa compound word from k demon-
strative, and bano, all; only; the all;
the only. This is the disjunctive form,
while kbato is the conjunctive; yohmi-
kbato, he wants to try it; let him try,
being his own wish and act. This

232
statement helps to explain these ex-
pressions; kbano, what others may
wish, not of themselves, but of another;
kbato, what one wishes to be or to have
himself; and when others use it con-
cerning a man, it is rather a reproach-
ful expression. But see okbato, Luke
19: 42.

kbato, ikbato, okbato, oh that!
above.

ke, first per. pl., per. pro., before verbs
in neg. form, which begin with a con-
sonant, eminti, keminto; ela, kelo; echanli,
kechanlo.

ke, per. pro., first per. pl., imp. mood,
of verbs which begin with a consonant,
as keminti, kechanli (let us chop), and
in the neg. form imp., as keminto kia,
kechanlo kia.

ke, ady., usually; commonly, as kanche
ke, isht anumpule ki, John 3: 34; Luke
4: 27.

ke, a euphonic word, before tuk, mati,
etc., in the neg. form of verbs, as
akpeso ke tuk, akpeso kemati; it has the
power of designation also.

kebibi, n., the noise of two talking.

keh, ke, final syllable of some particle
pronouns, etc., as oke, achinke, yakeh,
toshke, shke, omishkeh, ikikkeh, calling
attention and asserting.

kehepa, n., noise of many voices; see
kihepa.

keho, per. pro., first per. social pl., before
verbs in neg. form beginning with a
consonant; kehominto, kehochanlo.

keho, per. pro., first per. social pl., imp.
mood, of verbs beginning with a con-
sonant, as kehominti, kehochanli, keho-
tisheli, (let us disperse), and in the neg.
form imp., as kehochanlokia, kehomin-
tokia.

kesh, kash, and; with neg. verb, neither,
John 4: 15; see ket and kish.

ket (for kesh, above), rel. pro., who,
Luke 18: 32 [?]; in Luke 1: 7; alla yat
ikimiksho ket, okla hosh, ete.; the t of
ket is conjunctive and puts okla in the
dual number; keto, keto”; ketoma, adv.,
lashpa ketoma, always and known.

ketoshke, ady.; episahe keyu ketoshke.

keyoh. This differs from keyu in some
way.

keyu, ady., no; nay, Matt. 5: 37; not.

See

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

keyu, v. n., Mark 9: 28; keywketuk.

keyu, n., a negative, a negation; a nay,
as the ‘‘ nays.”’

keyu, a., no; not any; as hatak keyu, no
man.

keyu, y. n., to be no; to be not any; keyut,
Gal. 6; 4; keyu hoke, Matt. 6:1; 2 Tim.
3: 5; Matt. 6, 23, 24; Josh. 5: 14.

keyuachi, y. t., to contradict; to deny;
to say no; to refuse; to negative.

keyuchi, to cause no, or not to do or to
be, Matt. 22: 34.

keyuchohmi, a., rare.

keyuhokmat, if it is not so; or except,
John 3:5; 27:

keyukechi, v. t., to set at naught; see
yammakashon na keyukechi, set him at
naught, Luke 23: 11..

keyukma, or; if not; uniess; otherwise;
without; lest, Matt. 5: 25; 6: 1; 7: 6,
10s 1sseso 9s Lise liee2ie

keyukmat, a disjunctive conjunction,
Matt. 18: 16; Luke 13: 15; 14:5; Josh.
Hh lsserathers Matte Sees eorrelsece
Matt. 12: 29, 33; except, Matt. 12: 29.

keyushke, does not, Matt. 17: 21.

keyut; nana alhpesa keyut, in vain, Matt.
8 18h

ki, a euphonic word, before tok, as akpeso-
kitok, or a determinative or limiting k
to be suffixed to the previous word.

ki, adv. (contraction of kitsha), yet; with
a negative verb, not yet; as akapeso kin,
I had not yet seen.

kia, kiah, an obsolete verb, or used only
in the imperfect; a concessive.

kia, from ia; ikia imp., let him go; let it
go; let it be so; ikminto kia, he does
not come; let it go; let it be so; i.e.,
do not let him come; tanchi kia, wak
kia, corn let it be; cattle be it so.

kia, even; also; ‘any; although; but;
or; though; hold; never mind; never-
theless; notwithstanding; no; a word
of dissent; kiah ahnili, no I think;
yohmi kia, ‘‘but;’’ lit., so let it go,
Matt. 1: 20, 6: 26; kanchak kia, a crib
let it be; a crib even, or although;
Matt. 6: 26; ishanwmpuli kia, but speak
thou; thou speak; kia, let it be, Matt.
Sig. tS).

kia, nor; with a neg.

kiba, n., a small frog.

BYINGTON]

kibikshi, tibikshi; noshkobo kibikshi,
‘“chapiters,’’ 1 Kings 7: 20, 41, 42; Ex.
37: 22; bik bina, Ex. 37: 17.

kichali, vy. a. i., to crack; to have the
scratches.

kichanli, a., cracked; chapped, as the
skin of the hands, feet, face, or lips;
reddened in cold water, or by the action
of cold winds when the part is wet.

kichanli, y. n., to be cracked or chapped;
yv.a.i., tocrack; to chap; iyi at kichanii.

kichanli, n., a crack; a chap.

kichanlichi, y. t., to crack; to chap; to
cause to crack.

kichaya, a., cracked, as the skin of the
hands.

kichaya, v. n., to be cracked; ibbak at
kichaya.

kichaya, v. a. i., to crack; to chap.

kichaya, n., a crack.

kichayachi, y. t., to crack; to make it
crack.

kifaha, y. a. i., to groan; to grunt; hatak
abeka kat kifaha, to pule; to whine; to
moan, as a sick child, Ex. 2: 23.

kifaha, n., a groan.

kifanali, y. t., to hold under the arm.

kifanli, v. a. i., to groan; to grunt.

kifash, n., name of a plant with erect
stalk. The root resembles that of the
Trish potato; formerly used for food,
when the root, called hichuk, was used,
in times, too, of famine.

kifehachi, v. a. i., Ps. 42: 7.

kifeta, n., steam.

kifeta, pp., steamed; okifeta, steamed.

kifeta, v.a.i., to steam.

kifetachi, v. t., to steam.

kifilli, v. a. i., to vapor; to steam; oka yat
kifilli.

kifilli, n., steam.

kifillichi, v. t., to cause it to steam.

kihepa, v. a. i., to fall, as water.

kihepa, kehepa, n., a waterfall; a cas-
cade; a cataract.

kil, per. pro., Ist per. pl. of verbs in the
neg. form beginning with a vowel;
kilaiyu; kilithano,

kil, per. pro., Ist per. pl., imp. mood, as
kilia, let us go; negative form also, as
kilaiyw kia, let us not go.

Kilaist, n., Christ; The Anointed; an
appellation given to the Saviour of the

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

233

world, and synonymous with the He-
brew word Messiah.

kileha, y. a. i., to growl; to snarl; to
roar, asa wild beast; to purr; to whinny,
as a horse; ofi at kileha, koi at kileha,
wak nakni at kileha; kilihinha, freq.

kileha, n., a growl; a purr; a roar.

kileha, n., a roarer; a growler.

kilhkiki, a., stony; hilly; broken like
thin clouds.

kilitkki, n., a species of parrot; a parra-
keet.

kilitkoba, a., green; green colored; a
color resembling the kilinkki.

kilimpi, a., strong; stout; athletic; pow-
erful; mighty; forcible; hardy; cogent;
lusty; potent; robust.

kilimpi, v. n., to be strong; ilekilimpi, to
be strong in himself; to exert himself.

kilimpi,n.,strength; force; might; power;
vigor.

kilimpichi, v. t., to strengthen.

kiloh, per. pro., Ist per., social pl.
before verbs beginning with a vowel;
kilohaiyu, let us all not go; kilohimpo,
let us all not eat.

kiloh, per. pro., Ist per. pl., imp.,
ete.; kilohia, let us all go; kilohimpa,
let us all eat; also in the negative, as
kilohaiyu kia, kilohimpo kia.

kila, pp., gnawed; joni at kita.

kita™fa, vy. a. i., to hawk.

kil, v. t., to gnaw; to nibble; to pick;
kihinti.

kili, n., a gnawer; a nibbler.

kiltihachi, y. a. i., to make a noise,
such as is produced by rolling rocks or
a mill or wagon in motion.

kitihachi, n., the noise made as above;
a din; a rumbling, as that of a wagon.

kinafa, vy. a. i., to fall; to break down;
to overset; to topple; to tumble; to
yield; chuka yat kinafa, iti at kinafa, to
fall, as the palate; o"kinafat okpulo.

kinafa, pp., fallen; broken down; de-
molished; overthrown; prostrate; sub-
verted; ikkinafo, a., undemolished.

kinafa, n., afall; an overthrow; a ruin.

kinafa hinla, a., ticklish; liable to fall.

kinafat itula, n., a downfall.

kinakkah, kinafkali, kinafkali, v. a.i.,
to limp.

kinakkah, n., a limper.

kinakli, y. a. i., to limp.

234

kinakli, n., a limper.

kinali, v. a. i. pl., to fall; to break
down; to lodge.

kinali, pp., fallen; broken down; lying
down; thrown down; lodged; pros-
trated; subverted, 1 Kings 11:27.

kinaltichi, v. t., to fell; to throw down;
to break down; to prostrate; to sub-
vert, Mark 11:15; mati at iti a kinatichi,
the wind prostrates the trees.

kinalichi, n., a seller.

kinaffi, v. t. sing., to fell; to throw down;
to break down; to overthrow; to de-
molish; to overset; to subvert; to un-
settle; to upset, John 2: 15; chant kinaffi,
to chop down; isht oktapa kinaffi,
to undam; ilo"kinaffi, to throw him-
self on; itakinaffi, to divide; to cause
to fall from each other, as the waters of
the Red Sea; to separate; o®kinaffit ok-
pani, to overwhelm.

kinaffi, n., a feller; a demolisher; a sub-
verter.

kinafha, vy. a. i. sing., to be lame; to
limp with one foot.

kinafkali, y.a.i. pl., to limp; to be lame
in more than one foot; see kinakkali.

kinafkali, n., a limper.

kinafkali, a., lame; hatak kinafkali, a
lame man; a cripple.

kinihahanohi, n., a rattling; rattle.

kinihachi, kinnihachi, y. a. i., to make
an indistinct noise, such as persons
make when they conyerse in an ad-
joining room or at a distance; to hum,
as bees; kinihahanchi, freq., to make a
rattling.

kinihachi, n., the din of words indis-
tinctly heard; a hum.

kininiachi, y. a. i., to make a din by
conversing; kininiahanchi, freq.

kininiachi, n., the din or noise made in
conversation.

kinint iksho, a., silent; calm; kucha
kinint iksho.

kinni, yv. t., to rake open a fire.

kinnihachi, see kinihachi.

kinoha, chikinoha, v. i., to be in pain.

kinta, n., a beaver.

kinta hishi, n., beaver fur;, beaver.

kinta hishi shapo, n., a beaver hat; a
fur hat.

kinta itkasoma, n., beaver bait.

kinta isht albi, n., a beaver trap.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

kinta oktabli, n., a beaver dam.

kintushi, n., a young beaver.

kisaha, y. a. i. pl., to crack; iti at kisaha,
the trees crack; tali iyasha yat kisaha,
the iron pot is cracked.

kisaha, pp., cracked.

kisaha, n., cracks.

kisah, y. a. i., to crack; amphata, aiim-
pa yat kisati.

kisali, pp., cracked.

kisati, n., cracks.

kisatichi, v. t,, to crack.

kisatya, v. a. i., to crack but a little.

kisa®ya, pp., cracked a little.

kisa®ya, n., a small crack.

kisayachi, v. t., to crack.

kiseli, vy. t. sing., to bite; to clinch
with the teeth or with the jaws
of an instrument; itikiseli, v. a. i., to
bite or gnash the teeth so that the
teeth or instrument come together; to
gnash.

kiseli, n., a biter.

kiselichi, vy. t., to gnaw; to bite; to
gnash; itikiselichi, to gnash the teeth
against each other; to clamp; to pinch.

kiselichi, n., a biter.

kisli, v. t. pl., to bite; to mangle.

kisli, vy. a. 1., to gnaw, as when one
bites a wild turnip.

kish, kesh, and, Gen. 3: 3; hachikpotolo
kish; k belongs to potolo. :

kitsha, ady., not yet; before, Matt. 6: 8;
John 1: 48; quite, 1 Sam. 3: 3, 7; akpe-
so kinsha; iklo kitsha; iknuso kitsha ho;
ikaiono kimsha hon, before the time,
Matt. 8: 29;-“‘till,”’ Matt. 10:23. q

kitsha, vy. n.; akpeso kinshakma. J

kishi, n., a basket; a hamper, Matt. 14:
20; 15: 37; 16: 9, 10; kishi alota. |

kishi afohoma, n., the rim of a basket.

kishi yancho, n.,a very large basket used
as a bin.

kit, a particle used instead of kat, Matt.
2:16; in iklawwokit ia, to decrease.

kitafa, y. a. i., to crack open and make
a large crack; ii at kitafa, a tree
cracked open; yakni at kitafa, ground
cracked open.

kitafa, pp., cracked.

kitafa, n., a large crack.

kitaia, v. a. i., to be well on fire; to

burn.

——

BYINGTON]

kitak, n., a worm, called a sawyer, that
eats wood and has a flat head; the
apple-tree borer.

kitali, y. a. i., to cave off, as the sides of
a well or the banks of a river.—
J. Taylor.

kitanli, pl., kitafa, sing., v. a. i, to
crack.

kitanli, pp., a., cracked.

kitanli, n., large cracks or fissures.

kitanlichi, y. t., to crack; to produce
cracks.

kitaffi, v. t., to crack; to produce a crack;
kitafa, pp.

kitapi, a pestle.

kitiffi, v. t., to cut open, or rupture a
blood-vessel.

kitihachi, v. a.i., to rattle and make
a noise, asa wagon in motion; kitiha-
hanchi; itichanahat kitihahanchi ehaklo
mali.

kitihachi, n., a rattling noise; a tumult.

kitik, n., the noise made by a step or by
striking with the end of a stick.

kitikachi, v. a.1.; lit., to say kitik; to
sound; to make the noise kitik.

kitikachi, pl., kitik, sing., n., the noise
made by stepping; kitikahanchi, 2 Kings
6: 32.

kitikachi, kitikshi, v. a. i., to make a
noise by stepping; isuba nowa kat kitika-
chi.

kitikshi, a., stubbed, as hatak kitikshi,
a thickset man.

kitinisi, n., a morsel; a spark.

kitinisi, kitinusi, a., very small; little.

kitinisi, v. n., to be very small.

kitti, n., a mortar.

kitush, kittush, n., a pestle; a pounder.

kitush api, n., a pestle handle.

kma, sign of subjunctive mood, if; when,
John 2: 19; see below; when that; im-
achilikma, to him say I; that when,
achilikma, Matt. 8: 9; kmano, kmano, if
the; when the; after the; kmat, kmato,
if the; when the; after the.

The above are signs of the sub-
junctive mood, composed of k de-
monstrative and the article pronoun
ma and its changes. But cf. akma; ak-
mano; akmat; akmato; ikma; tkmano;
ikmat; ikmato; okma; okmano; okmat;
okmato.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

235

ko2, a part. in the obj. case derived from
akon, but contracted, or the first vowel
of ako is merged in the last vowel of
the word to which it is suffixed, as
nanta kon, whatis it; katima kon, where
is it; see kosh.

ko®; here are two words, & the demon-
strative article pronoun and 0” the aux-
iliary verb.

koa, v. a. i., to break; to crack, as glass,
earthenware, etc.

koa, pp., cracked; broken; fractured;
flawed; koli, v. t. sing.

koa, n., a crack; a fracture.

koafabi, n., a yellow-striped wasp.

koat, n., a quart.

koat iklanna, n., a pint.

koat ushta, n., a gallon.

kobafa, v. a.i., to break; to fall; to snap.

kobafa, pp., broken; abolished; annulled;
cashiered; removed from office; fract-
ured; frustrated; infringed; invalidated;
nullified; profaned; ruptured; deposed,
as mitko at kobafa, iti at kobafa; ikko-
bafo, a., unbroken; unviolated.

kobafa, a., broken; contrite; null.

kobafa, n., a breach; a dissolution; a
fracture; a nullity; a rupture.

kobafahe keyu, a., stationary.

kobak, n., a knock; a rap on a tree or
fence; the report of a knock, ete.

kobakuchi, y. a. i. sing., to sound like
a knock, rap, etc.

kobah, v. a. i. pl., to break.

kobalhi, pp., broken; hanali akosh kobati,
John 19: 31; 1 Sam. 2: 4, 10.

kobalhi, n., pieces broken.

kobatichi, v. t., to break; to cause to
break, John 19: 382.

kobaffi, sing., kobbi, pl., v. t., to break,
Matt. 5: 19; to destroy; to abolish; to
annul; tocashier; toerase; to transgress,
Matt. 15: 2, 3; to violate; to depose, as -
minko an kobaffi; to disannul; to dissolve;
to fracture; to frustrate; to humble; to
infringe; to invalidate; to null; to nul-
lify; to profane; to remove, i. e., from
office; to rupture; to snap; kobahanfi,
to profane, Matt. 12:5; Josh. 7:4[?].

kobaffi, n., a breaker; a violator; a
humbler; a nullifier; a profaner.

kobaffi, n., a removal; a rupture.

kobaffichi, y. t., to cause to break.

kobbi, pl. of kobaffi (q. v.).

236

kobilhchap, kobilhpash, n., chips.

kobish, n., the rectum.

kobli, n., a glass tumbler.

kobli, kopli, v. t. pl., to bite, to knab;
ofi at kobli; koplit tapuli, v. t. pl., to nip.

kobli, n., a biter.

koboha, pl., to knock any thing large
that is hollow soas to make a noise; to
make that particular noise which is
heard when a hollow tree, for instance,
is knocked; to drum.

kobohachi, y.a.i., to ring, asa large bell,
drum, or barrel when beaten.

kobohachi, n., a ringing; a sounding; a
din.

kobokachi, pp. pl., pass. of koboha, made
toring; knocked; beaten.

kobokachi, n., knocks; raps; kobak, sing.

kobokshi, a., bent up; the bowing side
up; nali koborkshi.

kobolichi, sing., koboha, pl., v. t., to
knock a large hollow vessel or thing,
as a tree, barrel, drum, large bell.

kobolichi, n., a rapper; the one who
knocks any large hollow thing.

kobuk, n., a knock or blow on a hollow
vessel; the sound thus produced.

kobulli, v. a.i., to break in pieces.

kobulli, n., pieces; fragments.

kobullichi, y. t., to break in pieces; todash
to pieces.

kobuna,a., humpbacked; hayingahump;
isuba nali kobuna, a humpbacked horse,

kobuna, y.n., to be humpbacked.

kobuna, n., a hump.

kobunoa, a. pl., having humps.

kobunoa, vy. n., to have humps.

kobunoa, n., humps.

kocha, n., weather, Matt. 16: 2, 3.

kocha, see kucha.

kochanli, a., being out along; out.

kochanli, y. a. i., to be out along.

kochofa, pp., bent; broken, Luke 13:11;
2 Kings 18: 21; itakochofa, broken asun-
der.

kochofa, y. a. i., to bend; to break, as
a cornstalk, Luke 13: 11; itakochofa,
to break asunder, as a wooden chim-
ney; to fold together as a blanket.

kocholi, kochonli, v. t., pl. of kochzuffi, to
bend down; kochoha, pp., bent down.

kochombi, kachumbi (q v.), n., a hard
bunch in the flesh; a hard swelling.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

kochuffi, y. t. sing, to break; to bend;
tanchapi an kochuffi.

kochuffi, n., a breaker.

kofanto, a., lean; spare.

kofi, n., a quail, called by some at the
south a partridge, where the partridge
of the north is not known; a partridge.

kofi chito, n., a guinea hen; a pintado;
a partridge.

kofkokachi, y. a. i. pl., to steam, as boil-
ing water; kofota, sing.

kofkokachi, n., steam.

kofkoli, y. a. i., pl. of kofulli, to steam.

kofoha, vy. a. i., to roar.

kofohachi, y. a. i., to roar, as the wina;
mati at kofohacht.

kofohachi, n., roaring of wind.

kofokachi, y. a. i., to rumble, as the
wheels of a wagon in passing over a
bridge.

kofokachi, n., a rumbling.

kofota, y. a. i., tosteam, as boiling water.

kofota, pp., steamed; o”kofota.

kofota, n., steam of boiling water.

kofulli, y. a. i., to steam; oka yat kofulli,
the water steams.

kofulli, n., steam.

kofullichi, v. t., to steam; hatak an onkoful-
lichi, to steam a man.

kofuna, a., having a hump; crooked;
bent; humpbacked; see kobuna.

kofuna, y. n., to be humped.

kofuna, n., a hump; a humpback; a
hunch. :

kofunoha, a. pl.,
crooked.

kofunoha, n., crooks; humps.

kofunoha, y. n., to be crooked; kofuno-
hachi, v. t.

kofusa, pp., hollowed.

kofusa, a., hollow.

kofussa, sing., kofussoa, pl., v. n., to be
hollowed.

kofussa, n., a hollow; an excavation;
kofussoa n. pl., hollows.

kofussa, a., having a hollow like that of
atrough; concave; scooped; hollowed;
kofussoa, pl.

kofussachi, sing., kofussoachi, pl., v. t., to
scoop; to excavate; to make hollow.

kofushi, n., a young quail; a quail’s egg.

kohcha; akohcha, v. a. i., to come out of,
Josh. 4: 16; akohchat ia, Josh. 631; see
kucha. }

having a hump;

a EEE ee

a

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE ASM

kohchi, n., a thicket. kolokbi, kalakbi (Sixtowns form), n., a
kohchi, v. t., to take out, Matt. 5: 29; gulf; a deep valley; an abyss; a ravine;
akkohchi, let me pull out, Matt. 7: 4; a hollow; a valley; avale; a hole, ason
ishakohchashke, do thou cast out of, imp. the bottom of a river; agully; hollow-
mood, Matt. 7:5; ishakohchahinla, thou ness; kolokbi bachaya, a gully; kolokbi
shalt cast out of, Matt. 7: 5; see kuchi. bachoha, gullies.
kohchichi, see kuchichi. kolokbi, pp., made into a gulf; exca-
kohta, n., a pole; a flagstaff; a mast, vated.
1 Kings 10: 11. kolokbichi, v. t., to make a gulf; to ex-
kohu®achi, n., a warwhoop; a whoop. cavate; to hollow.
koi, n., a mile. kolokobi, kolhkobeka, n. pl., gulfs;
koi, n., a tiger; a panther; a catamount; holes; deep valleys; nanih kolokobi.
a jaguar. kolokobi, pp., madeinto gulis; hollowed.
koi chikchiki, n., a leopard; a spotted kolokshi, a., short, as na foka kolokshi, a
tiger. vest; a roundabout.
koi chito, n., a lion; a large tiger. kolokshi, y. n., to be short.
koi chito inchuka, n., a lion’s den; a kolokshichi, y. t., to make it short.
_ lion’s cage. kololi, v. a. i. pl., to come off; i. e.,
koi chito tek, n., a lioness. square off.
koi isht ikhana, n., a milestone; a mile- koloti, pp., cut off; severed.
post. koloh, n., those which are cut off.
koi nakni, n., a male tiger; a tiger. kololichi, y. t., to cut off; to sever them,
koi tek, n., a tigress. as logs, by the ax or fire, etc.

koichup, n., chips of the door yard.

kokoa, kokua, pl., koa, sing., v. a. i.,
to break; to crack, as earthenware.

kokoa, pp., broken; cracked, as glass, an
earthenware pot, metal, etc.; itakokoa,
fractured.

kokoa, n., fragments.

kokuli, v. t. pl., koli, sing., to break; to
crack, as glass or things like glass, as
earthenware pots and metal; to frac-

kolombish, n., the throat.

koluffi, sing., to cut off; to sever, by cut-
ting square off, or nearly so; to trun-
cate; kolukonpi, pl.

kolumpi, i"kolumpi, kolupi, n., the
windpipe; the swallow; i”kolupi, her
windpipe, and usually found with a
pro. prefixed.

kotaha, n., a rattling, as the leaves of
trees when they strike each other.

ture. ;
elena intrat breaker kotaha, n., the bay tree; the magnolia.
b] 9) C ny
kolak, n., the noise made by swallow- kotahachechi, v. t., to rattle; to cause
to rattle.

ing.

kolakachi, v. a. i., to swallow loudly; to
make a noise in swallowing, as when
swallowing a large draft.

kolhkobeka, kolokobi, n. pl., deep ra- komahachi, komakachi, see kamakachi.

kotahachi, y. a. i., to rattle; to rustle, as
the leaves of trees.
kotahachi, n., a rattling.

vines. komak, n., a single rap on a bell, or the
kolhkoki, a., short; iti shima kolhkoki, sound thus produced.

short shingles. komakachi, v. a. i., to sound once.
koli, v. t. sing., to break, to crack glass kommichechi, y. t., to inflict pain; to

and such like things; to fracture; to cause pain; to pain.

flaw; to stave. kommichi, vy. a. i., to pain; to ache; to
koli, n., a breaker. be in pain.
kolofa, v. a. i., to come off; to come in kommichi, a., painful; aching.

two; to break in two. kommichi, y. n., to be painful.

kolofa, pp., cut off; severed; truncated. kommichi, n., pain; misery.

kolofa, n., a cut; a piece cut off; iteko- komo, past, ahanya komo, like kamo.
luffa, ittakoluffa, n., a notch; cut asun- komoha, y. t. pl., to make heavy, grum
der; nanih itikoluffa, a mountain gap. noises by striking something hollow; to

238

knock; to rap, as a door; itiakomoha, to
bunt each other.

komohachi, y. a. i., to hum as bees;
foebilishke at komohachi.

komok, n. sing., a noise made by rap-
ping something hollow.

komokachi, v. a. i., to ring; to sound.

komokachi, n., raps; knocks, ete.

komokachi, v. a. i., to ring; to sound.

komolichi, sing., komoha, pl., v. t., to
rap; to knock; to give a blow or rap;
okhissa yan komolichi, to knock the door.

komolichi, n., a knock.

komota, komuta, a., pp., komunta,
nasal form, restless; tedious; uneasy;
wearied; unhappy; vexed; vexatious;
tiresome; troublesome; discontented;
distressed; arkomunta.

komuk, n., the noise of a log falling on
other logs.

komukah, y. a. i., to make the above
noise.

komunta, vy. n., to be uneasy, unhappy,
wearied, troubled, Matt. 2:3; 14: 26;
see above.

komunta, vy. a. i., to dread; to struggle;
inkomuntali.

komunta, n., uneasiness; distress; dread;
an exigency; terror; weariness.

komuntachi, y. t., to render uneasy; to
distress, Josh. 10: 10.

komuntat patya, n., an outcry.

konamisli, y. a. i., to move the head
and neck, as a fowl in swallowing a
kernel of corn.

koni, n., a polecat; a skunk.

kopipia, a., lean; poor.

kopoli, v. t. sing., to bite; to pinch with
aninstrument, as a pair of tongs; tonab.

kopoli, n., a bite.

kopoli, n., a biter.

kopoli achafa, n., a mouthful; one bite.

kopoli banna, y. t., to snap; a., snap-
pish.

kopolichi, kopotichi, vy. a. i., to champ.

kosmo, see kasmo.

kosoma, a., fetid; having a foul smell,
as a goat or musk; rancid.

kosoma, y. n., to be fetid; to smell
strong.

kosoma, n., a fetid or a bad smell; a
stench.

kosomachi, y. t., to cause a fetid smell,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

kostina hinla, a., tractable.

kostinahe keyu, a., untamable; impla-
cable; incorrigible; ungovernable; un-
manageable.

kostini, a., pp., humbled; mortified; re-
claimed; sobered; softened; trained;
sensible; moral; wise, Matt. 10: 16;
civilized; subdued; disciplined; broken;
chaste; modest; having one’s senses;
broken, as an animal to the harness;
civil; continent; decent; decorous; gen-
tle; honest; sagacious; sage; sane; sober;
subtle; tender; tractable; vestal; virgin;
virtuous; ohoyo kostini, a chaste woman;
kostini iksho, a., immodest; ikkosteno, a.,
ungentle; ungoverned; unbroken; un-
disciplined; rude; unsubdued;ikkostenot,
ady., rudely; ikkosteno, a., unmanaged;
unreformed; untoward; unwise; wild.

kostini, v. n., to be sensible, moral, wise;
to be subdued, gentle, tame; to have
the senses.

kostini, v. a. i., to reform; to soften; to
act wilily, Josh. 9: 4.

kostini, n., sense; understanding; chas-
tity; mansuetude; probity; purity; re-
form; sanity; sobriety; ohoyo kostini,
decorum; kostinit kania, the senses are
gone; ikkosteno, wildness.

kostininchi, y. t., to reform; to sober;
to soften; to train; to teach; to subdue;
to break; to discipline; to civilize; to
make kostini; to reclaim; to humble;
to manage; to mortify; iekostininchi, to
repent; to reform himself, Matt. 3: 2;
11: 20, 21; 12:41; ikilekostinincho, Matt.
11, caption.

kostininchi, n., a teacher; a subduer; a
reformer.

kostinit, adv., [wisely.
ikkostenot, rudely; wildly.

kostinit kania, n., stupor.

kosh (see ko), art.; the; the which; that
which; nantakosh ikbi.

koshiba, n., poke weed.

koshu (from Fr. cochon), n., a hog (obso-
lete).

koshuna,a., crooked; humpbacked; bent
up, as the back of an angry cat;
koshunoa, pl.

koshuna, v. n., to be crooked; koshunoa,
pl.

koshunachi, sing., koshunoachi, pl., v. t.,
to make crooked,

H. S&S HJ;

BYINGTON]

kota,a., weak; languid; exhausted; faint;
out of breath; enervated; feeble; frail;
imbecile; slender.

kota, v. n., to be weak or languid.

kota, v. a. i., to faint; to flag; to relax.

kota, n., weakness; debility; faintness;
languidness; languor; lassitude.

kota, pp., weakened; debilitated; ener-
vated; relaxed; unnerved.

kota, n., a languisher.

kotachi, kotahchi, v. t., to render weak;
to exhaust; to debilitate; to weaken;
to palsy; to enervate; to stupefy; to
unnerye. :

kotafa, v. a. i., to break off; to get out
of joint; to separate; iti at kotafat itola,
the [limb] breaks off and falls.

kotafa, pp., dislocated; iyi at kotafa.

kotafa, n., a dislocation.

kotaha, pl., kolak sing., n., the noise
made by swallowing.

kotahchi, see kotachi.

kotahi, v. a. i., to break off; to get out of
joint.

kotahi, pp., dislocated; put out of joint.

kotatichi, v. t., to dislocate; to break off;
to put out of joint; tanchapi kotatichi.

kotaffi, v. t. sing., to break off; to dis-
locate; to put out of joint, Ex. 13: 13.

kotoba, katoba, n., a bottle; a box for
oil, 2 Kings 9: 1.

kotoba abeha, pp., bottled; embottled.

kotoba abeli, vy. t., to bottle; to em-
bottle.

kotoba aloli, kotoba alulli, v. t., to fill
bottles.

kotoba alolua, pp., filled; bottled.

kotoba alota achafa, n., a bottle, as a
bottle of wine.

kotoba bolukta, n., a canteen.

kotoba isht alhkama, n., a bottle cork;
a cork.

kotoba ittopa, n., the muzzle of a bot-
tle; the mouth of a jug.

kotoba okchimali, n., acommon chunk
bottle.

kotoba patassa, kotoba takassa, n., a
flask; a flat bottle.

kotoba shohkalali, n., a decanter; a
glass bottle.

kotobushi, n., a vial; a phial; a caster
used on the table.

kotobushi bolukta, n., a canteen; a
small canteen,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

239

kotoma, a., fetid; rancid; stinking, as a
dead horse or old dirty rags; having an
ill savor.

kotoma, vy. n., to be fetid or rancid; iswha
li at kotoma.

kotoma, n., fetor; stench.

kotomachi, v. t., to cause fetor or stench.

kotonli, n., dandruff.

kowi, ko®wi, n., the woods; unburnt
woods; a desert.

ko®wi anutka, n., a_ wilderness, John
3: 14.

ko®wi anutka, a., being in the woods;
situated in the woods.

ko®wi anutka, v. n., to be in the woods.

ko®wi anu"kasha, n., a fairy; a wood-
land deity; a nymph; a dryad; a satyr;
a wood nymph.

ko"wi chito, n., a forest; a wilderness.

ko®wi haiaka, n.,a wilderness, Luke 3:4.

ko®wi hochito, n. pl., the forests; the
great forests.

ko®wi shabi, n., a howling wilderness.

koyofa, pp., divided; halved crosswise;
see sinti koyufatohbi, a coachwhip snake;
koyufa tohbi, half white; yakni koyofa,
‘‘quarters,’’ Acts 16: 3.

koyofa, n., a half.

koyofa, v.a. i., to divide; to come apart.

koyoffi, yv. t. sing., to halve crosswise; to
take part away; to cut off.

koyoha, pp., rubbed in pieces.

koyoli, koyuti, y. f., to rub in the hands,
as the heads of grain, Luke 6: 1; to rub
the eyes; koyuhonli, to break in pieces;
‘‘chunkash av koyuhonli,”’ (death of
friends causes such sorrow. )

koyolichi, v. t., to cause to rub to pieces.

kubit, n., a cubit, Josh. 3: 4; the length
of a man’s arm from the elbow to the
extremity of the middle finger.

kucha, kohcha, kocha, adv., out;
abroad; forth; out of; outward; out-
wards, Matt. 17: 5; akohcha, to depart
out of, Matt. 17:18; kucha hikia: kucha
pila, v. t., to emit; to throw out.

kucha, prep., without.

kucha, a., out; being out; visible; exte-
rior; external; extrinsic; free.

kucha, kohcha, y. n., to be out; to. be
visible; to go forth, Matt. 14: 14; pit
kucha, to go out, Mark 11: 11; Matt. 10:
14; to come out, 2 Kings 9: 11; kohchat
kania, Matt. 12: 15.

240

kucha, pp., taken out; brought out;
cashiered; put out; dislodged; ejected;
evacuated; excluded; expelled; ex-
tracted; extricated; ferreted; freed;
landed; ousted; released; risen; se-
eluded; unloaded; voided; kucha ia
Matt. 3: 16; kohchat iatok; Matt. 13: 53;
kucha wiha, pl., John 5: 28. The letter
tis not used to connect the two words.

kucha, v. a. i., v. t., to come out, Matt.
5: 26; to appear as a cloud; to proceed
out, Luke 4: 22; to withdraw; to go out,
as the sun; to issue; to land; to rise, as
the sun; to come out into another
place; kuncha, nasal, kohuncha, freq.,
koyucha, pro., Chahta yakni akucha tok;
kuchato, dual, Acts 12: 10 [?]; akucha,
y. a.i. (from a and kucha), to abdicate;
to depart; to emanate; to emerge; to re-
sign; to retire; to retreat; to come forth;
to come out of or from, Matt. 8: 34;
kuchat kania, v. a. i., to go away; to
leave and go out; akuhcha, time of go-
ing out, Josh. 2: 7; kunchut onwaka,
to go out and rise; applied to land that
rises, asa bluff on ariver; kuchat on-
yilepa, V.a.i., to sally forth; kuchat on-
yitepa, n., a sally; kochat atyakmat,
Matt. 13:49; kunchat anya, v. a. i., to
go openly, not shut up, as in a boat;
kunchat hikia, v. a. i., to stand out.

kucha, n., a departure; an eruption; an
exit; an extrication; an issue; the out-
side; a release; a resignation; retire-
ment; a vent.

kucha, n., an outcast.

kucha, n., weather; kucha achukma; ku- .

cha okpulo, kucha lashpa, ete.

kucha aianumpuli, v. t., topreachin the
open air.

kucha aianumpuli, n.,a field preacher.

kucha a¥sha, v.a.i., to sit out.

kucha fehna, a., outer.

kucha fiopa, y.a.i., to respire.

kucha hikia, a., prominent.

kucha pila, y.t., to emit; to cast out.

kucha pit hikia, y.a.i., to project.

kucha takanli, v.a.i., to jut; to project
out.

kucha umba, n., wet weather.

kucha weheli, y.t., to take them out; to
move them out.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

kucha weli, v. t., to cast out; isht kocha
weli, Matt. 7:22; 8: 16,31; akocha weli,
Matt. 12: 24; isht kocha welili, I by...
cast out, Matt. 12: 27.

kucha wiha, vy. a. i. pl., to move out,
Matt. 9: 25.

kucha wiha, pp., taken out; moved out.

kuchapisa imponna, a., weatherwise.

kuchasha, n., name of a small rabbit.

kuchat ia, pl., to go out, Acts 12: 10.—J.
Cogswell.

kuchat, adv., see above.

kuchi, kohchi, v. t., to bring forth, Josh.
2: 3; to take out, Matt. 18:9; to ex-
tract; to takeaway; to bring out, Matt.
13: 52; to bring in or send in, as okchito
yor imkuchitokoke; to discharge; to
draw; to eject; to expel; to issue; to pull
out; to unload; to unship; to vent; to
void; to cast out, Matt. 17: 19.

kuchichi, kohchichi, y. t. caus., to cause
to go out; to turn out; to draw out;
to dislodge; to enfranchise; to evacuate;
to exclude; to extricate; to ferret; to
land; to oust; to out; to seclude, Luke
16: 3, 4; Josh. 8: 6; kuchihinchi, freq.

kuchimma, adyv., outward.

kula, pp., dug; grooved; grubbed; kulat
apakfopa, entrenched; dug around.

kula, n., that which is dug; a digging; a
groove.

kulat apakfopa, pp., entrenched.

kulat holisso, pp., graved.

kulha, pp., dug, as chant kulha, Prov.
1S33 (cs

kulli, v. t., to dig; to excavate; to gouge;
to groove; to grub; to hew; to trench.

kulli, n., a digger; a hewer; lukfi kulli,
one who digs the earth.

kullit apakfobli, v. t., to entrench; to
dig round.

kullit holissochi, vy. t., to grave.

kullit holissochi, n., a graver.

kula, kala, n., eruption.

kumpachi, vy. a.i., towhoop, asadrunken
man.

kuncho®"waka, n., a high bluff at the
water edge or side.

kuni, n., young cane.

kunta, v. a. i., to whistle with the lips;
inkunta, v. t., to whistle.

kunta, n., a whistler.

kunta, n., a whistling.

BYINGTON]

kunti, v.a.i., to grow spontaneously with-
out planting, as potatoes that are left in
the ground and grow up.—Mantabi.

kusha, pp., broken; bent down; broken
and bent down; or cracked and curled
up, as the upper leather of an old shoe;
kushh, v. t.

kusha, vy. a. i., to break and bend.

kusha, n., that which is broken and bent.

Kutsha, n., the Kunshaws; the name of
one part of the Choctaw.

ku®shak, n., a reed, Matt. 11: 7; 12: 20.

ku®4shak ahe, n., a wild potato.

ku4shak atsha, n., a moor.

ku®shak chito, a., reedy; n., a large reed.

ku®shak patakchi, n., a low reed.

kushikanchak, n., a female fairy.

kushkachi, pp., broken and bent.

kushkachi, v. a. i., to break and bend.

kushkoa, pp. pl., bent and _ broken;
bruised; kunshak kushkoa, a bruised
reed, Matt. 12: 20.

kushkoa, vy. a. i., to bend and break.

kushkoa, n., that which is bent and
broken; bruised.

kushkuli, v. t. pl., to break and bend
down.

kushli, y. t. sing., to break and bend.

kushlichi, vy. t., to break and bend or
cause it to be done.

kushotah, vy. a. i., to bow, like a wall,
Ps. 62: 3.

la, apparent form of the per. pro., Ist
per. sing., I, me, found after active
verbs; before chi, he, hinla, wa, heto,
etc. It is derived from /i, and is pro-
nounced /a for the sake of euphony or,
more probably, because a first vowel
of the above words, a, is merged in la.

lahba, a,, warm; tepid; lukewarm, ap-
plied to liquids, water, milk, etec.; pp.,
warmed; heated.

lahba, v. n., to be warm or tepid.

lahba, n., warmth.

lahbachi, v. t., to warm; to heat; to
make lukewarm.

lakabli, v. t., to notch deep.

lakapa, v. a. i., to be notched; ite at
lakampat kania; pl. lakapoa; vy. a. i.,
pl., dakapoli, v. t. pl.

lakchi, n., dregs; grounds; feces; grains;
lees; papulee; pimples on the skin;
sediment.

84339°—Bull, 46—15——_16

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 241

lakna, a., yellow; russet; saffron; ripe;
iklakno, a., unripe, as pumpkins; lakna,
v. n., to be yellow.

lakna, pp., dyed yellow; rusted; turned
yellow; colored yellow; vainted yellow.:

lakna, n., yellow.

lakna, v. a. i., to rust.

lakna, n., rust; bile; the poison of ven-
omous serpents; choler or bile; the
yolk.

lakna atsha, a., rusty; bilious.

lakna inchito, a., bilious; having a re-
dundancy of bile.

lakna inchito, y. n., to be bilious.

laknabi, a., rusty; ripened or yellow, as
fruit turned yellow.

laknabi, v. n., to be rusty; to rust, as
wheat; to turn yellow.

laknachi, v. t., to rust; to turn it yel-
low; to color yellow; to dye yellow;
to paint yellow; to saffron.

laknachi, n., one who dyes yellow; a
painter who paints yellow.

laknoba (from lakna holba), a., drab;
drab colored; rusty; yellowish.

lakofa, pp., notched; indented; scored.

lakofa, n., a notch; a deep notch; a hack;
an indent; a score.

lakoffi, v. t. sing., to notch; to cut a
notch; to score; aboha itabana lakoffi,
house log notches.

lakoli, n., notches; indents.

lakohi, v. t. pl., tonotch; to jag; to score;
lakonli, nasal form, to jag.

lakoh, pp., indented.

lakolichi, y. t., to notch; to cut notches;
to make notches; to indent; lakonlichi,
to jag.

lakowa, pp., notched; jagged; scored;
prepared for hewing; lakorwa, nasal
form.

lakowa, a., serrate; serrated.

lako®wa, n. pl., notches, such as are
made on steelyards; jags; scores.

laksha, a., sweaty.

laksha, vy. n., to be sweaty.

laksha, vy. a. i., to sweat; to perspire;
salaksha, I sweat or I am sweaty; lank-
sha; laiyaksha.

laksha, n., sweat; perspiration.

laksha akucha, n., a pore.

laksha chito, n., a profuse sweat.

242

lakshachi, v. t., to sweat; to produce
perspiration; to cause to sweat.

lampa, v. a. i., to have a place worn in,
as in the inside of a ring used on a

‘ neckyoke; notched in wood or iron;
lampoa, pl.

lanla, n., name of some insect; or (ac-
cording to another informant) a small
bird.

lanlakechi, y. t., to indent.

lanlaki, pp., indented.

lanlaki, a., scraggy.

lanlaki, n., a dent; a notch.

lapali, a., lateral.

lapali, n., the side; ‘‘by,”’ Josh. 5: 13;
lapoti, pl.

lapali, v. n., to stay on the side; to be
the side; lapoti, pl.

lapali, pp., a., being on the side; placed
on the side; plated, Matt. 9: 16; lapoti,
pl.

lapali, adv., slightly.

lapalichi, v. t., to place on the side or
bottom, as in setting a horseshoe, or
in plating metal, or in sewing on a piece
of cloth, Matt. 9: 16; lapotechi, pl.

lapalichi, n., one who sets or places on
the side; lapotichi, pl.

lapalika, n., the side, Matt. 13: 1; the
border, Matt. 4:13; the edge, Luke 5: 1.

lapalit tosholi, vy. t., to translate slightly.

lapisa, y. t., to make.

lapish, see lapish.

lapitta, n.,a buck with full-grown horns;
a stag.

la®pli, v. t. sing., to make a notch in wood
or iron; la®poti, v. pl., to make notches.

laponli, Gen. 30: 35.

lapushki, a., mellow; soft, Matt. 11: 8,
as flour or dry ashes; supple; fine; im-
palpable; pliable, as dressed skin; lank;
silken; iklapushko, not fine; coarse.

lapushki, y. n., to be mellow, soft, or pli-
able.

lapushki, y. a. i., to soften.

lapushki, n., mellowness; softness.

lapushki, pp., mellowed; softened; trit-
urated.

lapushki, ady., finely.

lapushkichi, y. t., to soften; to supple;
to triturate.

altsa, n., a scar.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 46

lasimo, y. a. i., to curl or mizzle up like
hair or wool.

lasun, n., a leech; a blood sucker.

lashke, imp. mood, Ist per. sing., let
me; also of future tense, indicative
mood, Ist per. sing., I shall; I will; see
lakofichilashke, Matt. 8: 7.

latasa, a., flat.

latasa, v. n., to be flat.

latasa, n., flatness.

latasalli, v. t. sing., to flatten; naki an
latasalli, to flatten the bullet.

latastua, a. pl., flat.

latastua, v. n., to be flat.

latastuli, vy. t., to flatten them.

lataswa, a. pl., flat; pp., flattened.

lataswa, vy. n., to be flat.

lataswa, n., flat ones.

latassa, a., flat.

latassa, v. n., to be flat.

latassa, pp., flattened.

latassachi, v. t., to flatten.

laua, v. t.; hahankloka laua hatukosh,
Luke 23: 8. [This should read lauaka
haharklo hatukosh.—H. 8. H.]

laua, a., many; plenteous; numerous;
abundant; copious; dense, Matt. 7: 22;
10: 31; full; manifold; much; plentiful;
sufficient; unmeasured, Matt. 13: 17;
Luke 2:34; large, as itanahalaua, a large
meeting; /a%wa, nas. form; iklauo, few;
insufficient; minor; scanty; scarce;
short; thin; younger, Matt. 7: 14.

laua, y. a. i., to suffice; to superabound.

laua, y. n., to be many; toabound; lawa-
li, I abound; Jawa, nasal form, many,
Matt. 7: 22; laiyawa,; iklauo, v. a. i.,
to lack; to want; lauat ia, to increase;
iklauot ia, v. a. i., to fail; to remit; to
wane; Jauat isht ia, v. a.i, to thrive; to
increase.

laua, ady., freely; much; laua fehna,
much more; profusely.

laua, n., a plenty; a number; an abun-
dance; amultitude; a throng; a supply;
a sufficiency; a crowd; a flood; a host; a
legion; a mass; a myriad; richness; a
shoal; a swarm.

laua alhpesa, n., a supply.

laua alhpiesa, a., ample; quite enough.

laua chuhmi, a., considerable; a good
deal.

laua fehna, a., overmuch; redundant.

laua fehna, ady., many times.

BYINGTON]

laua i®shali, a., main; most.

laua kat kaniohmi, as many, Matt.
14: 36.

lauachi, y. t., to multiply; to do many or
much, Matt. 13: 58; to increase the
number or supply; to amplify; to prop-
agate; lauachit anumpuli, to amplify in
discourse; lauachit ishi, to receive much;
to hold a great deal; lauachit, advy.,
very much.

lauat taha, pp., redoubled.

laue, lauwi, a., equal; adequate; able;
chimaiitilauashke, be to thee as, Matt.,
18: 17; itilaui, Matt. 10: 16; 17: 2; hash
itilauashke; itilawishke, it is like, Matt.
11: 17; iklawo, unequal; inferior; pp.,
decreased; ikalawwo, least, Matt. 5: 19.

laue, v. n., to be equal, or adequate;
iklauo, to be unequal; iklauot ia, v. a. i.,
to decay; to decrease; to lessen.

lauechi, vy. t., to equal, to do as much,
or todo as well; chiklauecho, you do not
do as much or as wellas he; lawinchi,
nasal form; iklauecho, a., not to equal;
inadequate; unequal; unable; iklaue-

chokechi, v. t., to decrease; to diminish; .

to lessen; to palliate.

lauechi kat ikono, n., inability.

laya, n., a lawyer (an imitation of the
English word); an attorney at law.

labaha, labbaha, n., jabber.

labaha, n., a jabberer.

labahahanchi, v. a. i., to keep jabbering.

labahahanchi, n., a rattle; a rattling.

labahachi, v. a.i., to jabber; labahanchi.

labbi, oklabbi, v. a. i., v. t., to touch with
the tongue; to eat with the fingers, as
honey or grease, first dipping the fore-
finger into the honey, etc.

labbi, v. t., to sop.

labbi, n., sop.

labli, a., choked up; stopped up, as the
throat or a pipe; closed up, as the ears
or heart, in a figurative sense.

labli, v. n., to be choked up.

labli, v. a. i., to choke up; to fill up, as
a pipe.

lablichi, y. t., to choke it up; to stop up;
to obstruct, Gen. 19: 11; nishkin an
lablichi.

lacha, a., wet; moist; damp; soggy.

lacha, v. n., to be wet, damp, or moist.

lacha, vy. a. i., to relent; to give.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 243

oo

lacha, pp., wetted; moistened; drenched;
imbrued; irrigated.

lacha, n., wetness.

lachali, y. t., to wet; to moisten; to
drench; to imbrue; to irrigate; to water.

lalli, v. t., to beat, as gold; tali holisso
lakna lalli, 1 Kings 10: 16; lalla, pass.,
tali_holisso lakna lalla, beaten gold, 1
Kings 10: 17.

lallichi, v. t., to crack, as nuts; oksak an
lallichi, to beat; lallichi, pp.

lapa, a., blind, Matt. 9: 27, 28; 11: 5;
12222: 15: 14.

lapa, v. n., to be blind; lapli; laplichi, v.
t., to make blind; to blind, Gen.19: 11.

lapa, n., blindness; ablepsy.

lapa i2moma, a., born blind, John 9: 1.

lapa i2moma, n., natural blindness.

lapchu, n., a worm; an earthworm, such
as are used as bait for fish; also one
species of those that are generated in
the human body, the long round worm,
a belly worm which sometimes occa-
sions sickness.

lapchu abi, n., a vermifuge.

lapish, lapish n., a horn; a trumpet, 1
Sam. 2:10; Josh°6: 4, 5, 6, 8, 13.

lapish filamminchi,n.,an antler; a start
or branch of a horn.

lapish hituk aialhto, n., a powder
horn.

lapish i"filammi, n., an antler.

lapish intakalichi, y. t., to cup with a
horn.

lapish isht impa, n., a horn spoon.

lapish kobafa, n., a pollard; a stag that
has cast his horns.

lasaha, v. t. pl., to strike with the palm
of the hand; to slap; to spank; to
thump.

lasaha, n., a striker; a spanking.

lasalichi, y. t. sing., to strike once with
the palm of the hand; tospank; to slap;
to thump.

lasalichi, n., a thumper; a trip.

lasalichit akkachi, v. t., to trip.

Lashe, n., Russia.

Lashe i2mi"ko,n., the autocrat cf Russia.

Lashi yakni, n., the Russian empire.

lashpa, a., hot; warm; sultry; burning;
inflamed; ardent; fervent; fiery; torrid.

lashpa, v. n., to be hot; itinlashpa, to be
warm against each other, as in debate.

lashpa, pp., heated; warmed,

244 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

lashpa, v. a. i., to glow.

lashpa, n., heat, fervor; hotness; warmth.

lashpa ammona, n., mild heat.

lashpa fehna, a., scalding hot.

lashpa isht akostininchi, n., a ther-
mometer.

lashpachi, vy. t., to heat; to warm.

lashpali, vy. t., to heat; to warm.

lashpali, n., a heater.

lashpat humma, a., red-hot.

lashpat humma, y. n., to be red-hot.

lashpat eaee eae a th , to heat red-hot.

le, per. pro., Ist per. sing.,-I, found after
active verbs before tuk, kamo, kano, ete.
It is derived from /i, and is pronounced
le for the sake of euphony; see la; ex-
amples: ialek, chumpaletuk, mintilekamo,
pisalekano.

lek, part., similar to kamo; ont iliahlek;
some say nek.

leli, v. t., to hoe; to weed plants; to
destroy the weeds; to plow among
corn and similar vegetables the first
time; see aleli [Byington has /ele].

leli, n., a weeder.

leplosi, n. (Eng. word), leprosy.

leplosi abi, n., a leper, Matt. 8: 2.

li, per. pro. 1st per. sing. I, found after
all active verbs, except where /a and
le occur, which are indeed the same
word, being varied in pronunciation
for the sake of euphony.

li2, for dina, I, or I till, I while, Matt. 17:
17; Acts 24: 12.

lia, pp., weeded; hoed.

liahpo, n., a sore; an ulcer.

liahpo abi isht illi, n., a leper, Luke
4: 27.

liahpo abi isht illi, n., leprosy.

liahpo hakshup, n., a scab.

liabli, vy. t., to rend; to tear a skin.

libbachih, y. a. i., to burn and make a
noise like burning sulphur.—J. E.

libbi, pp., inflamed; to be kindled, as
wrath, Josh. 2 1:

libbi, n., a blaze; a flame.

libbi, v. a. i., to blaze; to flame; to burn;
limbi, nas. form; lihimbi, pro. form.

libbichi, vy. t., to cause it to blaze; to make
a blaze; to flame; to inflame.

libbika, n., the flame; the flames.

libbikachi, a., feverish; libbikahanchi,
continued burning from a fever.

[BULL. 46

libesha, a., warm; sanguine; tepid; n.,
warmth.

libesha, y. n., to be warm.

libisha, libbisha. v. a. 1., to warm; to
become moderately heated.

libisha, pp., warmed; heated; moder-
ately heated; Jlibbisha, a degree less,
like chitto from chito.

libishli, v. t., to heat; to warm.

libishli, n., a heater.

lihpibichi, vy. t., to make fine, as dust;
Deut. 9: 21.

likefa, n., a dint.

likefa, —_ dinted.

likema, v. t., to warm one’s self by the
fire.

likema, y. a. i., to be warm; applied to
water; oka yat likema.

likemachi, vy. t., to warm another by
the fire.

likiffi, v. t., to dint.

likimmi, v. t., to warm.

lilli, n., a lily.

lin, I; as apalin, I may not eat; lin is
from li and na.

lint, the n and ¢ are united with Ui, I;
the n has a neg. meaning; the ¢ is
a connective; see 7.

lip, n., a sudden motion.

lipa, lipachi, lipat, v. a. i., to move sud-
denly, as chukash at lipachi, the heart
moves quickly, is excited; lipat kucha,
to go out quickly; lipat lopulli, to dart;
lipat ont ia, to go past quickly.

lipeha, a., fine and soft, as thread or silk.

lipeha, y. n., to be fine and soft.

lipehachi, y. t., to make fine and soft.

lipemo, a., fine and soft, as down or
cotton.

lipemo, vy. n., to be fine and soft.

lipemochi, vy. t., to make fine and soft.

lipihbi, a., fine; bota lipihbi, fine flour,
2 Kings 7: 1.

lipitka; lipipivkachi, a., soft, as raiment
spoken of, Luke 7: 25; lipinkachi, a.,
soft and fine, as cloth.

lipinto, a., fine and soft.

lipisto, lipishto, a., fine and soft, as
thread;. hishi lipishto.

lipisto, v.n., to be fine.

lipistochi, y. t., to make fine and soft.

lipkachi, vy. a.i., to flare; to throb, as an
inflammation; probably derived from
lip or libbi.

L
|
.

BYINGTON]

lipko, a., swift; lipki, obsolete.

lipli, v. a.i., to flare.

liplichi, y. t., to cause it to flare.

liplosi, n., leprosy.

liplosi abi, n., a leper, Matt. 11: 5.

li2sa, vy.a.i., totroat; to cry, asa buck in
rutting time.

lisepa, a., fine, as cloth.

lisisitkachi, a., very fine and soft, as
small threads.

lisisitkachi, y. n., to be very fine and
soft.

lish, I, etc., from Ui and cha, the ch
changed to sh for sound’s sake, I pre-
sume, as in all the other persons the
conj. is cha, Matt. 2: 8; talish, I will go,
etc., Matt. 8: 7; cf. onalish pisalachin,
ishona cha ishpisachin,

lishke, per. pro. Ist per. sing. after
active verbs at the end of a sentence;
ialishke, 1 go; I do go; I am going; see
ishke.

lishoa, y. a. i., to come to pieces; to rub
to pieces; to crumble; to break in
pieces.

lishoa, pp., rubbed to pieces; bruised to
pieces; broken to pieces; mashed; pas-
ka yat lishoat taha.

lishoa, n., pieces; crumbs; orts.

lisholichi, v. t., to mash.

lisholili, vy. t., to rub to pieces; to
crumble; to mash.

litafa, v. a. i. sing., to break, asa thread
or rope; to sever; to snap; to come in
two.

litafa, pp. sing., broken, as thread;
severed; ponola yat litafa, sundered.

litafa, n., a breach; that which is broken.

litahi, pl., litaffi, sing., v. a. i., to break,
as thread.

litah, pp., broken, as cords.

lita, n., the things which are broken.

litatichi, v. t., to break; to snap them,
as cords.

litaffi, v. t. sing., to break, as a cord;
to sunder; to snap it off; to sever.

litaffii, n., a breaker; one who breaks a
cord, thread, ete.

litak, n., the snap of a rope.

liteha, a., pp., dirty; smeared; soiled;
greased; besmeared; greasy; impure;
defiled; dirtied; polluted; sordid;
squalid; stained; sullied; turbid.

liteha, v.n., tobedirty, greasy, ormuddy.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

245

liteha, n., dirt; smut and grease; im-
purity; pollution; a stain.

litehachi, vy. t., to besmear; to dirty; to
grease; to make foul.

liteli, liteh, v. t., to besmear; to dirty; to
defile; to foul; to mud; to muddy; to
pollute; to stain; to sully.

litelichi, y. t., to strike with a stick.

litetuk, n., tramping of horses.

lititha, pl. v. t., to strike with sticks,
or to beat with sticks.

lititha, n., a striker.

litikfo, n., grease.

litikfo, a., pp., greasy; greased; oiled.

litikfo, v. n., to be greasy.

litikfo, pp., greased.

litikfochi, y. t., to grease; to begrease.

litilakachi, pp. pl., cracked, as dry
ground.

lititu"kachi, a., shabby.

lititu"kachi, y. n., to be shabby.

litoa, litowa, v. a. i., to shatter; to di-
gest, as food in the stomach.

litoa, litowa, pp., a., mashed; bruised;
rent; contused; pommeled; shattered;
trodden soft, like mud in a road; sore,
as a sore mouth; contrite; crushed;
quashed; itialbi at litowa, the lips are
sore; iklitowo, a., unbroken.

litoa, n., contusion; shatters.

litoh, v. t., to mash; to bruise; to rend;
to make sore, as the mouth; to con-
tuse; to crash; to crush; to pommel; to
quash; to smash; to squash. [I have
always heard this litoli.—H. 8. H.]

liwali, luwali, v. a. i., to be sore, as the
gums when diseased with scurvy.—
Hiletabi, informant.

liweli, v. a. i. pl., to fall; to drop off, as
leaves or fruit.

liweli, n., a fall; a dropping.

liweli, vy. a. i., to crumble off and drop
like earth on a bluff, or the sides of a
wall.

liwelichi, y. t., to cause to fall; to shake
off fruit, leaves, ete.

lobafa, y. a. i., to turn up by the roots,
asa tree rat falls down; to be plucked
up; Luke 17: 6.

lobafa, pp., turned up by the roots; eradi-
cated; iti at lobafa, plucked up by the
roots.

lobafa, n., roots turned up; that which
is plucked up.

246

lobati, lubali, v. a. i.
by the roots.

lobali, pp., turned up by the roots;
eradicated.

lobali, n. pl., the trees, etc., plucked
up by the roots.

’ lobaffi,v. t. sing., to pluck up by the roots;
to turn up by the roots; to eradicate.
lobbi, v. t. sing., to pluck up; to turn up
by the roots, Matt. 13: 29; see lubbi.

lobli, see lubbi.

loboa, a., plump; round.

loboa, v. n., to be plump.

lobobumkachi, a., plump.

lobobumkachi, y. n., to be plump.

lobuhbo, pl., Jumbo sing., a., round;
globular.

lobuhbo, v. n., to be round.

lobuhbochi, lohbobochi, v. t., to make
them round; chakonlichit lohbobochi, 1
Kings 6: 18.

lobuna, n., purslane, called pusley, a
weed growing in gardens; labuna, la-
banla.—James Wall.

lochussa, y. a. i., to be near each other
and stand straight up like some cow’s
horn; wak lapish lochussa.

pl., to turn up

lohboachi, n., knops, 1 Kings 7: 24.

lohmat taloa, vy. a. i., to hum.

lohto, n., a cluster; pa”kki lohto, a cluster
of grapes.

lohto, a., being full of branches; clus-
tered.

lohto, vy. n., to be full of branches, or to
be in a cluster, or clustered.

lokoli, see lukolt.

lokussa, y. a. i., to huddle.

lokussa, pp , huddled.

lokussa, n., a huddle.

lokussalli, vy. t., to huddle.

lokush, n., a dipper; a water-gourd; a
ladle.

loma, adv., lightly; see luma, softly, asa
wind, Acts 27: 13.

lopa, vy. a. i., to turn up by the roots.

lopa, luba, pp., plucked up by the
roots; exterminated.

lopa, n., that which is plucked up.

loshuma, lushoma (q. v.), pp., finished.

loshummi, lushomi (q. v.), v. t., to
finish; to complete; to achieve; lushum-
mi, 1 Sam. 3: 18.

lotohachi, y. a. i., to trickle down like
drops of sweat; to drop fast, as sweat

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

{[BULL, 46

or blood, ete.; laksha kat lotohahanchi,
issuba hat lotohachi, a horse sweats when
he runs.

lotuski, a., short and thick; shukha lo-
tuski.

lotuski, vy. n., to be short and thick.

lotuskichi, y. t., to make short and
thick.

lua, v. a.i., to burn; to ignite; to fire; to
take fire; to rage, as a fever; italua, to
burn together; to consume; to kindle.

lua, pp., a., burnt, Josh. 7: 15; fired; cau-
terized; inflamed; burned; enkindled;
fervid; fiery; ignited; kindled; scalded;
scorched; torrid; ikluo, a., unburnt.

lua, n., a burn; a burning; a conflagra-
tion; fuel [?]; ignition.

lua taha, pp., consumed.

luachi, yt., to burn; to set on fire; to
cause to burn; to inflame; to ignite; to
cauterize; toenkindle; to fire; to scald;
to scorch.

luachi, n., a burner. -

luachi, n., ignition.

luahe keyu, a., incombustible.

luak, n., fire; Juak itokaha, ‘‘cast into
the fire,’ Matt. 7:19; Josh. 7:15; luak
ak keyukma pilashpahe keyu.

luak aiulhti, n., a fire-hearth; a hearth.

luak apala, n., a fire-pan; a torch-pan.

luak ashoboli, n., a chimney; a flue; a
fireplace; a hearth.

luak ataha iksho, n., everlasting fire,
Matt. 18: 8.

luak atoba, n., a fire place.

luak chito, n., a great fire; the great fire,
Matt. 13: 50; a conflagration; the place
of future torment; hell.

luak ikbi, n., a fire man; a man who
makes fires.

luak iksita, n., the hearth or fireplace,
Gen. 18: 6.

luak ipokni, n., light white ashes, just
after they are made by the fire.

luak isht apu®fachi, n., a fire bellows;
bellows.

luak isht chilichi, n., a fire-poker.

luak isht ikbi, n., a match.

luak isht kiseli, n., fire-tongs.

luak isht pu"fa, n., a bellows.

luak isht shafa, n., a fire-shovel.

luak isht shaffi, n., a fire-shovel.

luak ituksita, n., a fire-hearth; a
hearth; a fireplace.

BYINGTON]

luak mosholi, v. a. i., to die or go out,
as fire.

luak mosholi, pp., extinguished fire.

luak mosholichi, v. t., to extinguish
fire; to put out fire.

luak mosholichi, n., a fireman; a man
whose business is to extinguish fires.

luak palali, n., the ignis fatuus.

luak shali, n., the venereal disease (a
proper name; lit., to carry fire).

luak toba,n., fuel; lwak toba nana kia
isht ala.

luak tobaksi, n., a coal of fire.

luak tobaksi mosholi, n., charcoal;
blacksmith’s coal; carbon.

luat humma, a., red-hot.

luat humma, vy. n., to be red-hot.

luat hummachi, v. t., to heat red-hot.

luba, lopa, pp., exterminated; lubat taha,
extirpated.

lubbi, lobbi, v. t. pl., to root up, Matt.
13: 29; to pluck up by the roots; to ex-
terminate; lobli, sing.

lubbit tali, y. t., to extirpate.

luboa, see Child’s Book on the Soul, pp.
Bel 2)

lubona, pp., boiled in the kernel; tanchi
lubona.

lubona, y. a. i., to boil in the kernel;
tanchi at lubona.

luboni, y. t., to boil in the kernel; to
cook in the kernel; tanchi a” luboni; see
hobi.

luehachi, v. a. i., to shed hair.

lufa, pp., peeled; stripped; pared; shelled;
husked; tanchi at lufa, tobi at lufa, tak-
kon at lufa.

lufa, n., a husk.

luffi, v. t., to husk; to shell; to peel; to
pare; to skin; to strip.

luffi, n., a husker; a parer.

luha, pp. pl., husked; pared; shelled;
peeled.

luhmi, v. t., v. a. i., to hide; to secrete;
to conceal; to cloak; to closet: to couch,
Matt. 11: 25; 13:44; Josh. 2: 4, 6; to ab-
scond; to envelop; to shut, as a book;
to skulk; to stifle; to suppress; to veil;
ikinluhmo, 1 Sam. 3: 18; to cover; ilelu-
hmi, to hide himself; to hide herself,
Luke 1: 24; itinluhmi, to hide from each
other.

luhmi, n.,
sconder.

a hider; ileluhmi, an ab-

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

247

luhmi keyu, a., unreserved.

luhminchi, y. t., to hide; to cause to
hide; ilaluhminchi, to hide himself,
John 1: 20 [?].

luhmit nana apesa, v. t., to conspire;
to plan something secretly.

lukchuk, n., mud; mire; slush.

lukchuk atsha, a., muddy.

lukchuk bano, a., muddy; all mud; pp.,
muddied.

lukchuk banuchi, y. t., to muddy; to
soil with mud.

lukchuk chito, n., deep mud; aslough.

lukchuk chito, a., very muddy; heavy;
miry; muddy.

lukchuk okakania, y. a. i., to stall; to
mire down.

lukchuk yalallaha, n., a quagmire.

lukfanta, n., whitewash.

lukfanuna, n., a brick kiln.

lukfapa,n., a lick orasaline place; aplace
where cattle and beasts of the forest—
deer and buffalo—eat the dirt and lick
for salt.

lukfi, n., dirt; clay; earth; soil; ground,
dust; argil.

lukfi atoba, a., earthen; made of earth.

lukfi hata, lukfata, n., chalk; white
clay.

lukfi humma, lukfomma, n., red dirt;
vermilion; red paint; rouge.

lukfi isht kula, n., a spade.

lukfi isht patasalli, n., a trowel.

lukfi isht piha, n., ashovel.

lukfi kotoba, n., a jug; a jar.

lukfi lumbo, n., a clod; a lump of clay.

lukfi nuna, n., a brick.

lukfi nuna boli, n., a bricklayer.

lukfi nuna ikbi, n., a brickmaker.

lukfi nuna isht atta, n., a mason; a
brick mason.

lukfi nuna patali, y. t., to pave.

lukfi nuna pilesa, n., a mason.

lukfi nuna tushafa, n., a brickbat.

lukfi yamaska, y. t., to make mortar.

lukfi yammaska, n., mortar.

lukfomma, see /ukfi humma.

lukluki, pl. of /ukoli, Ch. Sp. Book, p. 77.

lukoli, lokoli, y. a.i., to collect; to flock;
to cluster; to huddle, Josh. 4: 18; ita-
lukoli, to flock together; lukonli, n. f.;
italukonli, being collected together.

248

lukoli, alukoli, n., a drove; a herd; a
bunch; acluster; aflock; a group; a tuft;
chuka alokoli, a village.

lukoli, pp., collected; huddled; clustered;
grouped.

lukolichi, vy. t., to bring togetherin herds;
to bunch; to cluster; to group.

luksi, n., a terrapin; a tortoise; also, a
padlock; alock;luksabashka; luksinbiya;
luksikonih; luksipatoni; luksishawt.

luksi bashka, n., astriped-headed turtle.

luksi chito, n., a tortoise.

luksi fulup, n., the cock of agun lock.

luksi konih, n., a gopher.

luksupa foh, n., a night hawk.

luli, y. t. pl., to husk; to peel; to shell;
to pare.

luli, n., a parer.

luma, pp., hidden; secreted; outof sight;
occult; concealed; covered; enveloped;
retired; shut, as a book; suppressed.

luma, n., quietness; a retreat; a secret.

luma, a., occult; unseen; out: of sight;
clandestine; close; dim; dormant; dis-
guised; latent; privy; quiescent; re-
cluse; recondite; tacit; underhand; un-
exposed; unsearchable; Matt. 5: 14,
hid; Matt. 10: 26; 13: 44; Josh. 7: 21;
iklumo, a., naked; undisguised.

luma, v.n., to be occult.

luma, y.a.i., to disappear; to lurk; da-
luma.

luma,loma,ady.,softly; secretly; privily;
easily; obscurely; slyly; Joma means in
a less degree than lwma.

luma keyu, a., undissembled.

lumatka, a., hidden.

lumatka, y. n., to be hidden; isht irlu-
matka, Matt. 5: 28; atlumankashke, be
in secret; itinlumatka, to be hidden
together; to fornicate; to commit forni-
cation, Matt. 5: 32; to be guilty of lewd-
ness or adultery, Matt. 5: 27.

lumatka, n., secrecy; alumanka, n., in
secret; the secret place, Matt. 6: 4; ai-
alumanka, n., in secret, Matt. 6: 18.

lumanamihachi, y. t., to murmur, Luke
5: 30.

lumasi, a.,
strained.

lumasi, adv., secretly; easily; obscurely;
quietly; softly; stilly.

lumasit, ady., secretly.

secret; easy; slight; un-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL, 46

lumat a™sha, imp., hush; keep still.

lumat ikhana, n., privity.

lumat taloa, y. a. i., to hum.

lumat, ady., silently; secretly, Matt. 1:19;
Vioshee2e oe

lumat anumpa, n., a whisper.

lumat anumpuli, v. t.,v.a.i.,to whisper.

lumat anumpuli, n., a whisperer.

lumat chi®ya, y.a.i., to sit in secret; to
wait in secret for any object.

lumat fohki, v. t., to slip in.

lumat ishko, vy. t., tosip; todrinka little.

lumat kania, yv.a.i., to sneak off.

lumbo, a. sing., round; globular; spher-

ical; conyex; orbed; oval; rotund;
hatak lumbo, an individual.

lumbo, y. n., to be round.

lumbo, pp., made round; rounded;

rolled.

lumbo, n., a ball; a globe; a lump; a
packet; a roll; roundness.

lumboa, lumpoa, pp. pl., hid; hidden;
concealed; secreted, Josh. 10: 27; lwma,
sing.

lumbochi, y. t., to make round; to
round; to roll; to make a ball.

lumiksho, a., ingenuous; without dis-
guise; plain; self-evident.

lumpoa, a., occult.

lumpoa, y. n., to be occult.

lumpuli, v. t. pl., to hide; to secrete; to
conceal.

lunatik, n., lunatic; an imitation of the
English word.

lupaha, v.a.i., to discharge saliva; ituk-
chi lupaha.

lupi, n., brains; marrow; brain; pulp.

lupi aialhto, n., the brain pan.

lusa, a., black; dark; jet; dull; sable;
smutty; swarthy.

lusa, n., black; smut; a blemish; black-
ness; a blot; a blur; soil.

lusa, y. n., to be black.

lusa, pp., blacked; dyed black; colored
black; soiled; blurred; blotted; tar-
nished; ikluso, a., unsoiled; unspotted;
unsullied.

lu2sa, n., a swamp; a fen.

lu4sa aiali, n., the edge of aswamp; the
end of a swamp; the limits of a swamp.

lutsa chito, n., a large swamp; Big
Black, the name of a river in the old
nation.

;
G
vy

”

BYINGTON]

lusa foka, a., swampy.

lusa iksho, a., unblemished.

lusa shahbi, n., an open swamp, being
without underbrush.

lusa talaia, n., a dot; a blot; a black
spot or place.

lusa taloha, n. pl., black spots.

lutsa tikpi, n., a large round swamp,
or the projection of a swamp.

lusachi, y. t., to black; to blacken; to
color black; to soil; to dye black; to
blot; to blur; to crock; to darken; to
slur; to smut; to speck; to spot; to
sully; to tarnish; to thumb; to make
black, Matt. 5: 36.

lusachi, n., a blackener; one who dyes
black.

lusachikchiki, a., dotted; n., dots.

lusachit talali, vy. t., to dot.

lusakbi, n., brown; dun.

lusakbi, v. n., to be brown.

lusakbichi, y. t., to brown; to color
brown.

lusbi, a., being of a dark-brown color;
auburn; chestnut; dingy.

lusbi, v. n., be of a dark-brown color.

lusbi, n., a dark-brown color.

lusbichi, y. t., to color a dark-brown; to
embrown.

luslo, n., a mushroom.

lusluki, a., dark colored; dark-brown,
Ch. Sp. Book, p. 94; also v. n. and n.;
luslukichi, v. t.

lushka, y. a. i. (a Chickasaw word), to
lie; to joke; to jest; to speak falsely in
sport; iklushko, a., undeniable.

lushka, n., a liar; a joker.

lushka, n., a lie; a joke; a falsehood; a
fetch; a hoax.

lushkachi, v. t., to cause to lie; to joke.

lushoma, loshuma, pp., finished; com-
pleted; see aloshuma.

lushomi, lushummi, loshummi, y. t.,
to finish; to complete; to achieve,
Josh. 10: 39; ileloshomi, to complete
one’s self; with all one’s self, Luke
10:27.

luwali, liwali, y.a.i., to be sore, as the
gums, when a person has the scurvy;
to drool from a sore mouth.

tabatka, y. a. i., to snore, as a person in
troubled sleep.

labatka, n., a snorer.

labatka, n., a snoring.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

249

labeta,a., boggy; miry; muddy; marshy.

labeta, vy. n., to be miry.

labeta, n., mire; soft mud; slush.

labeta foka, a., marshy.

labetachi, y. t., to make
muddy.

it miry or

labinta, nasal form, being
mire.

labishko, n., mire.

tabishko, a., miry.

tabocha, v. a. i., to boil,
water.

tabocha, pp., boiled; done; dressed or
cooked in boiling water; seethed; sod-
den.

tabocha, n., boiled food; victuals; hom-
iny and boiled meat; pottage.

taboshli, v. t., to cook; to boil; to dress
or cook food in boiling water; to seethe.

laboshli, n., a cook; one who boils, ete.

laboshlichi, y. t., to gause one to boil
food; to employ one to boil.

lacha®ko, a., muddy.

lachak, n., a single noise of a certain
kind.

tachakachi, vy. a. i., to say fachak.

lachakat ishi, v. t., to snatch; to catch;
to twitch.

tachi2ko, a., muddy.

lachi®ko, n., mud.

tachi2kochi, v. t., to make it muddy.

tacholi, y. t., to make a sore, or sores.

lachopa, a., soft; miry, as mud; boiled
until it is soft.

tachopa., v. n., to be soft or miry.

tachopachiy, v. t., to make soft or tender.

tachowa, V. a. i., to become sore; to ul-
cerate.

ltachowa, a., sore.

tachowa, pp., ulcerated.

lachowa, v. n., to be sore.

tachowa, n., a sore; sores; a humor;
soreness; a pit; a pock; the scratches;

miry, or a

as food in

an ulcer.
tachowa chito, a., scabby; scabbed.
tachowa hakshup, n., the scab of a sore;
a seab.
tachowa imikhi®sh, n., salve.
tachowa laua, a., ulcerous; full of sores.
tachowachi, v. t., to ulcerate.
tatfa, pp., marked; ruled;
scarified; delineated; described; gauged;
scored; streaked; traced; iklu%fo, a.,
unmarked; unwritten.

written;

250

ta®fa, n., a line; a long mark, made by a
carpenter’s line on timber or by a pen-
cil, etc.; a crease; a streak.

tafeha, n., mud; mire.

lafeha, a., muddy; miry.

tafeha, tafitha, vy. n., to be muddy.

tafehachiy, v. t., to make it muddy.

lafeta, n., mud; mire.

tafeta, a., miry; muddy.

lafeta, vy. n., to be miry; fafinta nasal
form.

tafetachi, v. t., to make it miry.

taDfi, v. t , to make a mark; to mark; to
rule; to write; to draw a line on some-
thing; to scarify; to crease; to delineate;
to describe; to design; to draft; to draw;
to project; to scar; to designate; to score;
to streak; to trace; holisso tavfi, to write
a book.

la™fi, n., a marker; a writer.

tafitha, see lafeka.

tafintini, tafintini, tafintoni, n., a bird
called a snowbird.

ta®fit hobachi, v. t., to picture; to draw
lines and imitate.

laha, pp., rubbed off; sucked by the
doctors; cupped by their mouths; scari-
fied.

taha, n., a scarification; marks.

tahkachi, taha, pp. pl., marked; marked
with gullies, as a bluff bank by the
water that has run down its sides.

tahkachi, n., marks.

takoffa hinla, a., curable; extricable;
healable; sanable.

lakoffahe keyu, a., cureless; incura-
ble; irredeemable; remediless; unre-
coverable.

takoffi, v. n., to recover; to escape dis
ease; to heal; chitakofi, you have re-
covered; itlakofi, to lose, Matt. 10: 42.

takoffi, n., a recovery; an escape; a clean-
ing; a cure; a come off; an extrication;
a restoration; salvation.

takoffi, a., whole.

takoffi, pp., recovered; cured; escaped;
delivered; healed, Matt. 15; 28; saved;
missed; shielded; ransomed; redeemed;
redressed; released; relieved; remedied;
restored; extricated; freed; chitakofi,
you are cured, Luke 5: 14 [?]; Josh. 5:
8; Matt. 8:13; takofit intaha, were whole;
takonfi having escaped; missing; takoffik,
past tense; iktakofo, a., unransomed;

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL, 46

unrecoyered;
unrelieved.

lakoffi, takofi, v. a. i., to escape, 2 Kings,
9: 15; to come off; to get well; to recover
from sickness; to elude; to evade; to
miss; to slip; to flee from; Luke 3: 7;
takofolih, pl.

lako®ffi, n., an escaping; a cure; a re-
covery; a release.

takoffichi, vy. t., to ransom; to redeem;
to redress; to release; to relieve; to
remedy; to rescue; to restore; to shield,
Josh. 2: 13; to recover; to save; to de-
liver; to heal, Luke 5: 12; to cure, Matt.
1: 21; 8:16; 17:16; iletakoffichi, to cure
himself, Luke 4:23; to cleanse of a
leprosy, Matt. 12: 10; 14: 14; 15: 30;
Luke 4: 27; 2 Kings 9: 15; ilakoffichi,
y. t., to beat him out; to defeat him,
etc.; to free; iktakofecho, neg., Josh.
8: 22; lakofihinchi, takafihinchi, freq.
used for pl., Luke 5: 17; 9: 2; Matt.
4: 23; 9: 385; to deliver from; Matt.
6: 13; lakofoa, pl.

takoffichi, n., a deliverer; a saver; a
savior; a curer; a healer; a ransomer;
a redeemer; a restorer.

takoffichi, n., redemption.

takoffitk is in past time; nasal form of
takoffek, like chumpak, nuselek.

takoffit isht ia, vy. a. i., to begin to re-
cover.

lakoffit isht ia, a., convalescent.

takofi, see takoffi.

takofoat taha, pp., healed, Luke 17: 14.

lakofoht taha, pp. pl., healed; had
been healed, Luke 8: 2.

takofolichi, vy. t. pl., to heal, Matt. 4: 24.

tali, v. t. pl., databli, sing., to pour; to
sprinkle; to scatter; o”fali, to scatter on;
to shower; to splash; farya, ontaya, pp.,
splashed on, n., spiash.

lali, n., a scatterer; a pourer.

talichi, y. t., to cause to pour.

tali, v. t. pl., to mark; to scarify one’s
self; to cup with the mouth, as the
Choctaw doctors are wont to do; to
sprinkle; tahnli, nasal form, to rule.

tai, n., a scarifier; a cupper.

tatichi, v. t., to cause to be scarified; to
scarify another; to mark.

tatinchi, y. t., nasal form, to sprinkle.

lampko, timpko, a., strong; plump;
stout; athletic; lusty; robust; valid;

unredeemed; uncured;

BYINGTON]

mighty; hatak tampko; mighty men,
Matted-2:29) sosh. 1y 14: 6: 2: 8: 3.

tampko, vy. n., to be strong.

tampko, n., strength; force; virtue, 1
Sam. 2: 10.

tampko, pp., strengthened; braced.

tlampkuchi, timpkuchi, y. t., to
strengthen; to make strong; to brace;
to corroborate; isht tumpkuchi, n., a
strengthener.

lapa, v. a. i., to spread, as a flock of
birds; to extend; pachi at lapat arya,
the pigeons spread as they fly.

lapa, pp., spread; extended; stretched.

lapa, n., extension; spreading; i”lapa,
caul of the bowels.

lapat, adv., widely; to a wide extent.

tapuchi, vy. t., to extend; to spread; to
cause them to spread.

latapa, v. a. i., to spill; to be suffered to
fall; to pour; tatahampa, freq.; tatai-
yapa, pro.

latapa, pp., spilt; spilled; fatampa, nasal
form; tatahampa, freq. form; iktatapo,
a., unshed; unspilt.

latapa, n., that which is spilt; an effu-
sion; a drop, Luke 22: 44.

tatabli, n., a spiller.

latabli, v. t., to pour; to spill; to shed
(tears), Luke 23: 28; olatabli, to shed
on; to pour on, 2 Kings 9: 3, 6.

-tatitko, a., miry; muddy.

tati"ko, v. n., to be miry.

tati2ko, n., mire.

tatitkuchi, vy. t., to make it miry.

latimo, tatemo, a., miry; boggy; soft.

tatimo, v. n., to be miry.

tatimo, n., mire; a bog.

tatimuchi, v. t., to make it miry.

laya, see lali.

la™ya, pp., nasal form, scattered; split,
Matt. &: 13% 9: 17.

tafintini, see lafintini.

leli, y. t., to scatter, as to scatter beads,
shots, etc., on the floor; tiha, pp.

teli, n., a scatterer.

leti, lili, v. t. pl. of tiffi, to strip off; Zinli,
nas. form; to pluck off heads of wheat,
Mark 2: 23; onush a® teti, Matt. 12: 1;
tehha, pp.

lepa, v. a. i., to lie or fall on the face,
luke 17; 16; Matt. 17: 6; tipia, pro.
form.

lia, pp., scattered; linya, nasal form.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

bo
On
he

lia, n., that which is scattered.

hibanta, libanto, a., narrow, as a strip
of land.

libata, n., a leather string; a thong; a
string.

hbli, see fipli.

hitfa, pp., unraveled; pulled out; drawn
out, raveled; stripped; fuli at linfa, the
switch is stripped of leaves; tihafa-
kachi, to strain the cords or sinews.

titfa, vy. a. i., to unravel; to ravel; to
come out; to cramp; iyi at tlinfa, the
leg cramps.

hitfa, n., that which is unraveled; the
raveling; cramp; iyi li®fa, cramp in
the foot.

lifelichi, v. t. sing., to pierce; to stab;
shuka ya” tifelichi, to pierce the hog; ti-
fitha, pl.

tifelichi, n., a stabber.

liffi, v. t. sing., to strip; to pull off; to
strip off; iti hishi liffi, to strip off the
leaves; parki an liffi, to strip off the
grapes; dinfi nasal form; lihinfa, freq.

hiffi, litfi, n., a stripper.

liffichi, v. t. caus., to make him strip,
etc.

hifitha, pl., to stab; to pierce; lifelichi,
sing; fifoli, also pl.

lifitha, n., a stabber; or stabbers.

tiha, pp. pl., stripped off; linfa, sing.

titka, v. a. i., to blow the nose.

tikaha, a., slimy; ropy; stringy, like slip-
pery elm bark when soaked in water;
sizy; viscid.

tikaha, v. n., to be slimy, ropy, or sizy;
likanha, nasal form.

tikaha, n., ropiness; stringiness; mother
(in vinegar); a thick, slimy substance
concreted in liquors, particularly in
vinegar.

tikahachi, v. t., to render ropy or sizy.

tikancha, a., slimy.

tikancha, v. n., to be slimy.

tikancha, n., sliminess.

tikanchachi, vy. t., to render slimy.

tikanli, a., slimy; soft; slippery, like
soaked slippery-elm bark.

tikanli, v. n., to be slimy.

tikanli, n., sliminess.

tikanlichi, y. t., to render slimy.

tikatsha, a., stringy; ropy.

tikatsha, v. n., to be stringy.

tika®sha, n., stringiness.

952

tikashbi, v. a. i., to be slimy, or ropy; like
ilikaha and shinashbi.

tiki"hachi, tikihachi, n., the sound of
a consumptive person’s breath.

tikoa, likoha, a., slimy; ropy, as soaked
slippery-elm bark.

tikoa, y. n., to be slimy.

tikoa, n., sliminess.

tikohichi, y. t., to render slimy.

tikokoa, a., filthy, as unwashed eyes;
smutty.

likokoa, vy. n., to be filthy.

likokoa, n., filthy.

tikokoachi, vy. t., to render filthy.

likowa, n., a pumpkin color; a mixed
color.

tikowa, a., having a pumpkin color; is-
suba tikowa, a pumpkin-colored horse.

tiku2klo, n., a small bird, called a hum-
ming bird.

lilafa, v. a. i. sing., to come apart, as
cloth; to tear, as it tears; italilafa, to
tear asunder from each other, Luke 23:
45.

lilafa, pp., torn; rent; lacerated; man-
gled; itatilafa, rent in twain, Luke
23: 45; itatilafi, to tear asunder, Matt.
6: 65; Josh. 7: 6 (to rend clothes).

tilafa, n., a rent; the thing torn; a gap;
a laceration.

tilala"kachi, tilalla"kachi, pp. pl., torn,
tattered; rent; ragged; shabby; shukbo
at tilalankachi, the blanket is torn to
pieces.

lilala®kachi, n., rags; things rent, torn,
etc.

hilali, pp. pl., torn; rent; mangled, Josh.
9: 4.

hilatli, n., rents; things torn.

lilatichi, vy. t., to ‘tear; to rend; to
mangle.

hilalichi, n., a tearer; a mangler.

hilaffi, v. t. sing., to tear; to rend; to
lacerate; to sever, Matt. 9: 16.

lilaffi, n., a tearer; a render.

tilaffi, n., a laceration.

lilechi, tillichi, y. t. pl., totear; to rend,
to mangle.

tilechi, tillichi, n., a tearer; a render.

hilli, vy. t. pl., to tear; to rend.

hilli, pass., rent; applied to salt kettles
when old and scaling off.

ili, teli, v. t. pl., to strip off (leaves or
seed from a stalk); lindi, nasal form.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

ltimimpa, a., smooth; sleek and hard, as
flint corn.

timimpa, y. n., to be smooth, sleek, and
hard.

limimpa, n.,
hardness.

limimpachi, y. t., to render sleek; to
sleek.

limishko, a., sleek, smooth, and shin-
ing, like flint corn or the hair of a
well-fed horse.

timishko, v. n., to be sleek or smooth;
shapo at timishko, the hat is sleek;
tanchi at timishko, the corn is smooth
or sleek.

limishkuchi, y. t., to sleek; to render
smooth.

timpko, see fampko.

timpkuchi, see fampkuchi.

hinli, vy. t., to rub in the hands, as ears of
wheat, Mark 2: 23.

tioa, atioa, vy. a.i. pl., to pursue; to chase;
to follow.

lioli, vy. t., to pursue; to chase, 2 Sam.
24: 13; ititioli, to pursue each other;
to rut, as animals.

lioli, n., a pursuer; a chaser.

hioli, n., a chase; a pursuit.

lipa, a., old; having been long used;
threadbare; trite, Josh. 9: 4.

lipa, pp., worn out; worn; inverted; lipli,
v. t.

lipa, n., that which is worn out.

lipachi, y. t. caus., to wear out; to
cause to wear out.

lipeli, y. t., to turn over; to turn bottom
side up; to lay anything with the face
toward the earth; to invert; to over-
throw; to reverse.

lipia ({rom lepa), v. a. i., to fall or lie with
the face toward the earth, aka Ttipia,
Matt. 4:9; 2 Sam. 24: 20; Josh. 5: 14;
7: 10; to lie on the face; to fall down, as

sleekness; smoothness;

aman in an act of worship; see Luke

5: 8 (to lie low).

lipia, pp., turned over; laid on the
face; inverted; overthrown; reversed.

lipia, a., prone.

lipia, n., that which is turned over; a
lying on the face; proneness; attitude
of worship; a humble posture; prostra-
tion.

lipiat itola, v. a.i., to fall down, Matt.
2:11; Luke 5: 12.

ee

BYINGTON]

lipiat itola, n.,a worshiper; one that has
fallen down; one that lies on his face.

tipkachi, pl. of lipia, pp., turned over;
lying on the face, Mark 3: 11.

tipkachi, v. a. i., to turn over on the
face; to fall down; to le on the face;
to take a humble posture for the wor-
ship of God; to le low, Matt. 2: 11;
Josh. 7: 6; tipkanchi, nasal form; tip-
kaiyachi, pro. form.

tipkachi, n., those who lie on their faces;
those who act as worshipers.

hipli, tibli, v. t., to wear; to wear out, as
a garment.

lipoli, v. t. pl., to turn over; to lay on
the face, or bottom upward; tipeli sing.

liposhi, v. a. i., to pine away; to ema-
ciate.

liposhi, pp., a., pined away; jaded;
cheerless; emaciated; macerated; stunt-
ed.

tiposhi, a., frail; imbecile; infirm or un-
firm; languid; low; low-spirited; mea-
ger; morbid.

tiposhi, n., the state of one who has pined
away; infirmity; languor.

tiposhi, n., an invalid.

tiposhichi, v. t., to jade; to pine; to wear
out; to make to languish; to macerate;
to stunt.

lipulli, topulli (q. v.), v. t., togo through;
to pass through.

lititka, v. a. i., to breathe with difficulty
on account of some obstruction in the
nose.

hitilli, n., wax; gum; resin, as the wax of
the ear.

hitilli, v. a. i., to exude, as gum; to cause
the gum to exude, as worms do that eat
the bark; ?itillichi, v. caus.

titoa, v. a. i. pl., to untie, as it unties.

titoa, pp., loosed.

litoa, a., loose.

titofa, v. a. i. sing., to untie; to loosen; to
get loose; to unwind.

litofa, pp., untied; unloosed; loosened;
unwound; disengaged; disentangled;
freed; loosed; i”titofa, pp., unfettered.

litoffi, v. t., to untie; to unloose; to
loosen; toloose; to unwind; to unbind;
to disengage; to disentangle; to un-
buckle; to undo; to unfetter; to un-
shackle; to unstring; ititoffi, to free
him.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

2538

hitoffichi, v. t. caus., to cause to untie, ete.

hitofkachi, v. a. i. pl., to untie; to loosen.

hitofkachi, pp. pl., untied; unloosed;
loosed; unwound.

litoha, a., untied.

litoha, y. a. i., to unwind.

hitoli, pl., litoffi sing., to untie; to un-
wind; to unloose, Luke 3: 16; to un-
bind; to unlink; see hotoji.

hitoh, n., one who unties, unwinds, etc.,
more than once, or they who untie.
Plural verbs are used where there isa
plurality of action, and there may or
may not be a plurality of agents.

titolichi, v. t., to cause to untie.

tobboa, a., round; plump.

tobboa, v. n., to be round and plump.

lobboa, n., a thing which is round.

tobboachi, v. t., to round; to make it
round.

loboboa, a. pl., round and plump.

loboboa, v. n. pl., to be round and
plump.

ltobocha, n., boiled food of all kinds.

tobohachi, vy. t., to clap; to clap the
wings; to make a noise by flying.

tobonto, a., round.

tobukachi, y. a. i., to make a noise, as
when anything falls into water; oka
lobukachi, to douse; to fall into the
water.

tobukta, a., short and round.

tobukta, y. n., to be short and round.

tobuktachi, v. t., to render short and
round.

tofa, a., raw, as the flesh where the skin
has been removed.

lotfa, tutfa, pp., peeled; skinned;
stripped, as corn leaves from a corns-
talk; flayed.

totfa, v. a.i., to peel off; to come off.

totffi, tu2ffi, v. t. sing., to skin; to flay;
to peel; to strip off (wak an loffi; fani an
loffi); iletunfi, to molt, as a snake; to
skin himself.

to®ffi, n., a skinner; a flayer; a peeler.

toha, pp.pl., dorfa, sing., peeled; skinned;
flayed; barked; stripped off, as fod-
der from the stalks; scaled; shelled;
stripped.

toha, v. a. i., to peel off; to come off, as
skin; to shell.

toha, n. pl., that which is taken off, as
skins, etc.

254

beaten down;
See

tohama, tuhama, pp.,
trodden down, as grass; trailed.
kahama.

tohama, a., underfoot; stretched out like
an iron ring (Sixtowns meaning).

tohama, n., grass beaten down; a trail.

tohammiy, v. t., to tread down.

tohammichi, y. t., to cause to tread
down; to overrun.

tokaffi, see fukaffi.

toli, v. t. pl., to skin; to peel; to flay; to
strip off skin, etc.; to scale; iti an toli,
to peel trees.

toli, n. pl., peelers; skinners.

tolichi, vy. t., to cause to peel.

lopish, n., dust.

topohachiy, v. a.i., v. t., to flop the wings;
to flop; to flutter; to hover, Deut. 32: 2.

topoli, vy. a.i., to pass through slowly, as
in reading a book through; alopulli,
Josh. 3: 16.

topoli, n., those who pass through.

topoli, pp., put through; passed through;
pierced through.

topolichi, yv. t. pl., to cause to go through;
to put through; to pierce; to perforate;
to make holes through; to run through.

lopotoli, v. t. pl., to go through; to pass
through; to pass; lopohnli, nasal form;
topulli, sing.

fopulla hinla, a., sing., passable.

topullahe keyu, a., impassable; unpass-
able.

fopulli, lipulli, v. t., v. a. i., sing., to
pass through; to go through, Matt. 4:
24; to come over; to penetrate; to stand;
to endure, as trials, etc.; to traverse;
to undergo; to weather; to cross; to go
across: to cut across; to pervade; to
run; to look through; to go over; Matt.
14: 34, to walk through; to go through;
Matt. 10: 23; 12:48; 2 Sam. 24: 2, 5;
(to pass over) Luke 4: 30; isht topulli,v.
t., to take through; to carry through;
to take and go through; foponli, nasal
form.

fopulli, n., one who passes through.

topulli, a., through.

topulli, pp., perforated; ratified; passed;
passed a house of legislation.

fopulli, y. a. i., to come through.

topullichi, vy. t., to penetrate; to cause
to go through; to thrid; to put through,
Josh. 2: 15.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

lopullit ona, v. t., to reach.

topushki, a., soft, as a dressed skin;
pp-, softened.

topushki, yv. n., to be soft.

ltopushkichi, y. t., to soften.

lotama, ltotamachi, v. a. i., to pitch
down, or to lower one end of anything
long, as a plow beam.

totammi, v. t., to give a pitch down, in
hauling rails, ete.

totu2ka, y.a.i., to snort, as a frightened
horse or a high-spirited horse in play;
to sniff.

totutka, n., a snorter; a snorting.

luta, pp., perforated; lunli, v. t., to per-
forate.

lua, vy. a. i., to pierce through.

tu2a, n., holes.

lu2fa, see lonfa.

lu2ffi, see lonffi.

luhama, tohama (q. v.), pp., trodden
down, as grass; fallen down, as grass
or grain; see tukama.

tuhammi, vy. t., to tread down; to throw
down, as grass.

tutka, y.a. i., to grunt; to murmur like a
hog.

tutka, n., a grunter.

jutka, n., a grunting.

tukafa, pp. sing., lukali, pp. pl., pierced
through; worn through; bored through;
punctured through; gone through;
perforated; punched; iktukafo a., un-
perforated.

lukafa, v. a. i., to pierce; to make a
hole through; to burst through.

lukafa, n., a hole.

tukaha, v. t. pl., to scourge with a whip
that has a lash; to lash.

tukaha, n., a scourging; a lashing.

tukaha, n., a scourger;. one that uses the
lash.

tukalichi, v. t. sing., to lash; to snap a
whip; lukaha, pl.; tukalihinchi, freq.

lukalichi, n., a pop; the quick sound of
a whip, as a cow whip; a stripe.

lukah, pp., pierced; bored; perforated;
punched; ¢tukanli, nasal form; shukbo
at tukanli, the blanket is pierced or full
of holes; iktukalo, a., unperforated.

lukah, n. pl., holes.

tukah, vy. a. i. pl., to break through;
to work through.

BYINGTON]

lukalichi, v. t. pl., to perforate; to
make holes which extend through, as
through cloth, tin, ete.; to hole; to
punch.

tukalichi, n., one that makes holes, or
they who make holes.

tukaltichi, n., a lasher.

tukama, n., that which is trodden down;
(should be fuhama (q. v.), I think.—
B). :

tukata, n., a whip.

tukata wishakchi, n., a whip-lash; a
snapper.

tukatapi, n.,awhipstock; a whip-handle.

lukatola, v.a.i., to snap.

tukatola, n., the snapping of a whip.

tukatolachi, v. t., to snap a whip; to
crack a whip.

tukatolachi, n., one that cracks a whip.

tu2kachi, pp., bored; worm eaten, as old
garments by insects; filled with holes,
as corn eaten by weevils; tanch tunkachi,
weevil-eaten corn.

tu2kachi, pp. pl., to eat holes, as worms
eat garments.

tuXkachi, n., holes; perforations.

lukaffii, v. t. sing., tomakea hole; to per-
forate; to hole; to punch; wak hakshup
an tukaffi, he makes a hole in the cow-
hide; shutshi at holisso ha® apat tukaffi,
the worms eat holes in the book; nan
tanna ya" tukaffi; tali an tukaffi, to stave.

tukaffi, n., one who makes a hole.

tutktua, v. a. i. pl., togrunt; to murmur,
as a hog.

tuXktua, n., grunters.

tutktua, n., a grunting.

tumpa, v. a. i., to pierce; to penetrate.

lumpa, pp., pierced; penetrated; per-
forated; bled; lanced; punctured; shak-
ba intumpa, he is bled; iktumpo, a., un-
perforated.

tumpa, n., the place pierced; the hole.

ltumpli, v. t., to perforate; to penetrate;
to pierce; to bleed; to lance; to open;
to puncture; to tap; to thrill; iztumpli,
to bleed him.

tumpli, n., one who pierces; a piercer.

tumpli, n., a perforation; a puncture; see
atumpa.

tunli, v. t. pl., to perforate; lua, pp.

lunlichi, pl., to cause holes to be made;
to perforate; to tear to shivers; hushi
at tanchi a” tunlichi, the birds peck the

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

259

corn (when in the ear and on the stalk).
tunlichi, n., a puncher.

m, a post-positive particle, successive;
simultaneous; compellative.

ma, exclam., strange, O, used by per-
sons when they find they have misun-
derstood what was said.

ma, exclam., like O, in the voc., as minko
ma, O king. It is often heard in per-
sonal salutations, but where in English
there is no corresponding word. It is
not an exclamation so much as an
acknowledgment. It partakes alsoofa
verb which asserts that the thing is so.
Pinshali ma, Luke 3:12. Chosef Lewi
ushi chia ma, thou who art Dayid’s Son
Joseph, Matt. 1: 20. Pinki aba ishbi-
nili ma, Matt. 6: 9; chitokaka ma, Matt.
14: 28; Josh. 7: 19.

ma, art. and rel. pro. in the obj. case,
the; which; that which; hatak ma pisa-
letuk, I saw the man, Luke 5: 10 [?].

ma, the also; used after the second or
third noun and the last of all, when one
or more come together; see Matt. 18: 18,
where ma occurs after the second noun
in each instance; afta ma, when born,
Matt. 25 1.

ma, ady., when, expressing past time;
mintilima, a®sha impat ulanshama alatuk,
Luke 4:17 [?]; okchitot ala ma, Matt.
7: 25, 27, when the floods came; chuka
yammakash aiihinsoma, when it beat
upon that said house; hokchima, when
he sowed, Matt. 13:4; hashiatkohchama,
when the sun was up, Matt. 13: 6.

mabi, adj., high and open; conspicuous,
as a hilltop; nanih mabi.—P. Fisk.

mabli, v. a. i., to stretch; to extend; see
2 Cor. 10: 14.

Macha, n., March.

mah!, hark! listen! an interjection call-
ing attention.

mahaia, a., bowing; bent up; curved,
like the brim of a hat; asonak mahaia,
apan, 1 Sam. 2: 14; shuti mahaia, a ket-
tle, 1 Sam. 2: 14.

mahaia, v. n., to be bowing or curved.

mahaia, v. a. i., to curve; to verge.

mahaia, n., a curve.

mahaiyakachi, vy. a.i., to sail‘slowly up
and down in curves, as a buzzard.

mahaiyakachi, n.,asailingin airy circles.

256

mahaiyat atya, v.a.i., to sail, asa bird;
to float in the air; to skim.

mahaiyat a®ya,n., a sailing; one who
sails, as a bird.

maia, vy. t., to thrust in, as the hand.

maiachi, v. t., to put (the hand) in; to
thrust in; John 20: 25.

maiha, a., wide.

maiya, v. a.i., to go forward; to be on
the way going forward; this differs from
MANY.

matiya, n., those who move onward; a
process; a progression.

mak, the; that; which, John 1: 21; mak
I think is ma and ak united, or a con-
traction of yammak, and is a demon-
strative; see Matt. 5:17, 18; yukpamak-
oke, Matt. 3:17; nashoba . . . mak oka,
wolves, that is what they are, Matt.
7:15; makikkokahato, if he would speak
it would be good (an old word); mak-
tkaiyukahato, modern manner. Com-
pounds: maka; makahi oke, that shall,
Matt. 7:21; mak is demonstrative—mak-
ano—makat—makato—makatuk an; Chisas
Kilaist makatuk an, that he was Jesus the
Christ; Matt. 16: 20—makat—makato—
makbano—makbat— makbato—makhe—
makheno — makhet —makheto, if haply,
1 Sam. 14 : 830—makin—makinli—mak-
inliho, as soon as, Josh. 2: 7, 11; 3: 13;
4:18; and as, Josh. 3: 15—makinlikia—
makint —makkia; okla ikaiyomakkia,
they need not depart, Matt. 14: 16;
sachunkash makkia, my heart that also—
makkiaba—makma—makonr, that the;
aiokpuloka makon, Matt. 11: 23; pulla
makon, Matt. 14:3; illt mako® illashke,
let him die the death, Matt. 15: 4; acha-
fona makon, Matt. 16: 14—makocha—
makoka—makoke; ilappat Chan Baptist
makoke, this is John the Baptist, Matt.
14: 2; Klaist chia makoke, thou art the
Christ; 16: 16; 18: 7; makokakosh, Rev.
2: I—makokano—makokat—makokato—
makokia — makona — makosh—makosh-
ba—makot.

maka, v. a. i., to say; to say that; to say
so; to call, John 1: 41; makahanya, freq.

makachi, vy. a. i., to say that, John 1: 37;
20: 22; peh makachi, he merely said so.

makali, a.; mean; worthless; abject; base;
contemptible; degenerate; ignoble; ig-
nominious; insignificant; low; nig-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

gardly; paltry; poor; scabbed; scandal-
ous; scurrilous; sordid; underhand;
unmanly; vulgar; pp., degraded.

makali, vy. n., to be mean or worthless;
vy. a. i, to grovel; to degenerate; to
grow mean; shulush at makali, shapo at
makali, hatak at makali, makalit isht ia,
to be mean and take and go.

makali, ady., meanly.

makali, n., baseness; lowness; a scan-
dal; vulgarity.

makalichi, y. t., to render mean or
worthless; to degrade.

makhaloka, yammakhaloka, an in-
terjection of contempt.

maki, imp., take it! It is heard only in
this form, like mia, go ahead!

matko, see matshko.

malancha, a., smooth; glossy; dazzling;
bright; shining; hashi at malancha, tali
hata yat malancha. ’

malancha, v. n., to be smooth or glossy;
y. a.i., to shine.

malancha, n., brightness.

malanchachi, v. t., to make it shine.

malanta, a., nasal form, bright; glossy.

malanta, v. n., nasal form, to be bright
or glossy; tali hata yat malanta; tali or
haksi at malanta.

malantachi, v. t., to brighten; to make
glossy; to glow.

malantkachi, v. a. i., to shine.

malantkachi, pp., brightened; made
glossy.

malaspoa, a. pl., flat; as amp malaspoa,
flat crockery, i. e., plates or platters.

malaspoa, v. n., to be flat.

malaspoachi, y. t., to make flat; to flat-
ten them.

malaswa, a. pl., flat.

malaswa, pl., malassa, sing. v. n., to be
flat.

malaswa, n., flat ones.

malaswachi, vy. t., to flatten them.

malata, a., bright, ete.

malassa, a., flat and smooth; as amp
malassa, a plate.

malassa, v. n., to be flat; malaswa, pl.

malassachi, y. t., to flatten; to make
flat.

malatha, a., glistening; shining.

malatha, v. n., to be glistening.

malatha, n., light; the lightning; bright-
ness, Matt. 24: 27.

"

BYINGTON]

malattakachi, v. a. i., to reflect light,
as the rays ofthe sun; apisa yat malatta-
kachi.

malattakachi, n., a reflection of light;
a thunderbolt.

maleli, baleli, vy. a. i. sing., to run; to
flee, as an animal; to course; to fly; to
scamper; to scud; to scuddle; to streak;
immatleli, to flee from, 1 Kings 11: 23;
onmaleli, to run after; pit maleli, to ran
off.

maleli, n., a runner; a flier; a fugitive.

maleli, n., a run.

maleli achafa, n., a heat.

malelichi, y. t., to run; to make him
run; to cause to run; to course.

malelichi, n., a runner; one that makes
another run.

malelit kania, malit kania, vy. a. 1.,
to run away; to desert; mallet kucha, to
run out, Gen. 39: 12.

malelit kania,n., a runaway; a deserter.

matali, matalli, a., afraid; pp., fright-
ened; scared.

matali, y. n., to be afraid; samatali, I
am afraid, or I am scared.

matalichi, v. t., to frighten; to scare.

matata, pp., scared; frightened; matanta,
n. f., Luke 3: 14; inmatanta, v. t., to
force from him by fear.

maztalli, v. t., to scare.

mahi, y. a. 1., to blow, as the wind; to
move, as air; to flow, Matt. 11: 7; ma-
licha, blew and, Matt. 7: 25.

mati, n., the air; the atmosphere; the
wind, Matt. 14: 24, 30, 32; a blow; a
wind; a current of air; a flaw; a flurry;
a gale; a gust; a squall; mati hat, the
winds, Matt. 7: 25; mati at kucha, the
wind rises.

mali achafa, n., a blast of wind; a single
wind or blow.

mali chito, n., a great wind; a gale; a
storm; a tempest; a tornado.

mah chito, v. a. i., to storm.

mali chito laua, a., stormy.

mahi iskitini, n., a breeze.

mali isht ikhana, n., a weathercock; a
vane.

mali kallo, n., a strong wind; a violent
wind; a gale; a tempest; madi kallo
fehna kat, a great tempest, Matt. 8: 24.

mali lashpa,n., a hot wind; the sirocco.

84339° —Bull. 46—15——_17

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW I.ANGUAGE

257

mati okpulo, n., a bad wind; a danger-
ous wind.

mali pila, a., windward.

mali shali, a., squally; very windy.

mah shali, v. n., to be squally.

mali tanch afotoha, n., a windmill.

matichi, y. t., to blow; to ventilate.

mampa, y. a. i., to stretch in length, as
aman (hatak at mampa); to extend in
length.

mampa, pp., stretched; extended.

mampli, mambli, v. t., to stretch out;
to extend; to draw out beyond the
natural length (applied usually to ani-
mals); sinti a” mampli, fani av mampli.

mamph, n., a stretcher.

mampoa, v. a. i. pl., to stretch; to reach
forward, as in running a race.

mampoa, pp., stretched; extended.

mampoli, y. t. pl., to stretch them.

mano, art., the; rel. pro , which.

mano, ady., when; the time when.

masali, masa, a., healed; recovered
from sickness.

masali, v. n., to be healed; y. a. i., to
get well; masa, contracted form.

masali, pp., remedied.

masalichi, y. t., to cure; to heal; to re-
store to health.

masutfa, misu"fa,
masurfa, an apple.

masheli, y. a. i., to clear off and become
good weather; to pass away, as clouds;
kuchat masheli.

masheli, pp., cleared off; a., clear; fair;
serene; unclouded; masheli kamak at
kania, entirely fair.

masheli, n., a fair sky; fair weather;
serenity.

mashelichi, v. t., toclearaway the clouds;
to make fair weather.

mashko, adv., already, Matt. 5: 28.

ma®shko, matko, ady., already; now;
at this time, John 3: 18; Matt. 17: 12;
Chu okla hat aiitiba achafat taha mashko
hatuk on, for the Jews had agreed
already, John 9: 22; mashkoshke, 1 Cor.
5: 3. This may be one form of the re-
newed mention art. pronoun, now be-
come obsolete, thus: ash, hash, yash,
kash, chash, mash.

matali, a., level; pp., leveled; yakni
matali, level land.

used thus; takon

258

matali, v. n., to be level.

matalichi, y. t., to level.

matya, v.a.i., todothus: to be employed;
to be; to continue; to fare; to go; to keep
on; to proceed; to verge; chinchuka
yan maniyalachintuk; hitat matya; iti-
chanlit manya, oklat abeka iksho hosh
manya; ishi maya, v.t., to continue; to
take ahead; isht mahanya, freq. form;
mahanya, to progress, Matt. 10: 22; mai-
ya, to go forward; to be there; tali yak
manya kat, Matt. 4: 3; 5: 25; 13: 25; ant
ikmanya, let them alone; Matt. 15: 14;
to abide, Matt. 17: 22; Chutia manya-
tuk, were in Judea, Acts 11: 1; to come,
Matt. 9: 20.

mafkachi, a., feverish,

mafkachi, see mufkachi.

malha, malhha, n., a tin pan.

malhmakki, vy. a. i., to swim with the
face in the water, so that the person
can not breathe.—J. Hudson; hachon
malhmakki.

mali, n., myrrh.

malit kania, see malelit kania.

malkachi, y. a. i. pl., to glisten.

malkachi, a. pl., glistening.

malkachi, n., a flash of light, as that of
lightning.

mallahtakachi, v. a. i.,
lightning (a single act).

mallahtakachi, n. sing.,
lightning.

malli, vy. a. i., to leap, as a frog, deer, or
man; to jump.

malli, n., ajump; a leap; a long jump.

malli, n., a jumper; a leaper.

malmakachechi, y. t., to varnish.

malmakachi, pl., malata, sing., v. a. i.,
to shine.

malmakachi, a., bright; shining.

malmakachi, vy. n., to be bright.

mati, ady., indeed; truly; really, Josh.
2: 4; doubtless, 1 Cor. 9: 2; Matt. 13:
32; 17: 11; mati tun?

mahi, v.n., to beso indeed; to be truly so.

mano, the, misha pila mano, Matt. 4: 2.

mano, when; yohmimano, ‘‘then,’’ Josh.
22153

massaha, y. t.
switch.

massalichi, y. t. sing., to strike with a
switch.

mastat, n., mustard,

to flash as

a flash of

pl., to whip with a

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

mastat api, n., a mustard stalk.

mastat nihi, n., mustard seed.

mashahchi, moshahchi, pp., fanned;
winnowed,

mashlichi, mushlichi, y. t., to winnow;
mishahichi, pp.

mat, the; that; which, Matt. 2: 2; Luke
3: 9; 4: 18; putamat, the also, Matt.
ISIS Ie.

mat, when, John 2: 15; Matt. 2:1, 3,8, 9,
10; forka na haklomat, Matt. 4: 12,where
na and mat both occur; nuklakanchamat,
when he marveled, Matt. 8: 10; attat ia-
mat, when he was departed, Matt. 12: 9;
haklomat, when they heard, Matt. 12: 24,
ia mat, and luhmimat, Matt. 13: 44;
anumpulimat, Matt. 17: 4; and, 2 Sam.
24:5; when that, Josh. 9: 1.

mato, the; which; the one; as for the one,
Matt. 2: 2.

mato, where; hatak chimaboha chukoa-
tuk mato, where is the, etc.

Me, n., May, name of one of the months.

mia, sing. imp., go ahead! start off first!
hotepa, pl. These words are used only
in this way and form.

michik, n., the name of a noise or motion
of some kind; michikachi, v. a. 1.

michikli, vy. a. i., to throb: to beat, as
the pulse; ibbak at michikli.

michikminh, y. a. i. freq., to beat, as
the pulse, continually.

michila, a., plethoric; having a fullness
of the blood vessels.

michila, vy. n., to be plethoric.

michila, n., fullness of the blood vessels.

michilhha, n., the pulse.

michilhha, v. a. 1., plural of mitikli, to
beat.

mih, mihi, y.a.i., to be the same (but it
never takes any of the pronouns). mihi
atuk moma, heis the same he was; mih
siamakokeh, 1 am he, John 18:5; used
as a pronoun in the third person—imih,
a., same; it; he; mih sia keyu, John 1:
21; mih nitak, same day; mih ninak, 1
Chron. 17: 3. Derivatives are: mih
achafa, n., one place; the same one, as
to time or place; same kind, species,
sort—mih achafa bieka, a. uniform—mih
achafa bilia, a., equable; being always
one and the same—mih achafanli, .a.,
simultaneous—mih achafanli, v. n., to
be simultaneous—mihakta, therefore;

BYINGTON]

because of that—mihash, the same; the
said one—mihashinli, the selfsame; the
same indeed; ditto—mihashoa, obj.
case, that said same—mihashocha, nom.
case, the same; that same— mihashoka,
that same—mihashosh, nom. case, the
same (ash and its compounds might all
be inserted )—mihayuka, mihaiyuka, in
different places, as where manure is
dropped about in a garden—®mihcha,
and Matiassoo Lords Wi2voe his is
an adjunctive rather than a conjunctive
word—mihfoka, about then; at hand,
John 2: 18—mihhakta, mihakta, be-
cause of that; therefore; see hakta—
mihhoka, mihhokato, mihkokat— mihi,
1 John 3: 3 MSS., mihiatuka, Mark
10: 30—mihiashinli, a., identical; same;
selfsame, n., Synonymous—mihiashinli,
n., sameness —mihiocha, nom. case,
the same one; he—mihioke, it is the
same — imihiona, the same— mihiosh,
the same—mihiyosh, Matt. 5:19; 11: 10;
18: 4; Mark 10: 30—mihiot, the same—
mihinli, the same also; Helot at mihinli-
tuk, Herod he the same was, Luke 23:
15—mihinluhmi, a. (from mihinli and
ohmi) much the same as; double—
mihinluhmi, v. n., to be much the same
as—mihinluhmichi, mihiniohmichi, v. t.,
to make itmuch the same manner, John
13: 34— mihinluminchi, nasal form—
mihinlu—mihinluhmi kat iksho, there is
none such; n., a nonesuch—mihinluhmit
toba, vy. a. i., to double—mihio, mihiyo,
a., the same one; he; mihior siahoke,
John 4: 26; Matt. 6: 21; to him, Matt.
13: 12—mihio ashinli, a., identical; n.,
the selfsame one—mihka, in that case;
mihka katiohma chitho—mihkakon —
mihkakosh—mihkat, but if—mikato, but
if; then, John 1: 21—mihhokato—mihma,
and, Luke 1: 38; Matt. 7: 24, 26; then,
John 1: 22; so, John 4: 54; at the same
time; then when; mih, same; ma, when,
equivalent to and; mat and ma are used
for the past tense, kmat and kma for the
future—mihmak, he the same, John 138:
26—mihmak ahioke, the same, that it
will be—mihmakinli, in the same place;
immediately, Matt. 4: 22; the same;
that also; selfsame, Matt. 8: 13—mih-
makinli hon, straightway, Matt. 14: 22;
that very, Matt. 17: 18—mihmakinliho

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 259

ulitok —mihmakinli kia, even in the
same place, or at the same time—mih-
makon, this; the same, by way of in-
quiry; is this it? John 1: 21, 23; Matt.
17: 12; mihmako hashaiinyamohmi, do
ye even so to them, Matt. 7: 12—
mihmakocha—mihmakoke, it is the same,
John 1: 30; Matt. 11: 10—mihmakosh,
this; that; the same—mihmano, when;
and when—mihmat, and, Luke 1: 28;
Matt. 3: 2—mihmato, and the—mihna,
and then; and therefore; therefore—
mihyanio, the same; the said; see miya.

miha, vy. a. i., v.t., to utter; tosay; to bid;

to warn; to promise; to direct; to com-
mand; to order; to give charge over;
to reprove; to denounce; to enjoin; to
announce; to import; to instruct; to
mean; to profess; to protest; to repeat;
to threaten; totwit; miha, toadmonish
him; to charge him; to menace; i?miha
imanumpuli, toadvise him; immiha, v. t.,
to rate; to reprimand; to reproach; to re-
prove; to upbraid; to constrain; ilemiha,
ilamiha, to say of himself, issanmiha,
“bid me;”’ isht ilemiha, to excuse him-
self; isht ilemihachi, to excuse himself,
ilemiha iksho, a., facile; easy; having
nothing to object; itimmiha, v. t., to
promise each other; isht amiha, to
speak by means of or on account of; to
swear by; imiha, n., a monitor; a
counselor; mihahatuk; hachinmihalishke,
I say unto you: Matt. 4: 3; 34, 35, 36;
G21GsealO alba: yee eel Ae ee Ss
22928) 162 12) 14. 20 Josherd:) 16. alii
7:8; 8:4: Luke 3:-7, 19; 14:18; 2 Sam.
Lo 2aS:

miha, n., a meaning, a menace; a profes-

sion; a promise; tenor; a threat.

miha, n., a promiser; a rehearser.
mihachi, y. a.i., to talk; to talk about;

to upbraid; to scold; to dictate; to re-
vile. Matt. 11: 20; mihahanchi, Matt.,
5:11; to judge, Matt. 7: 1, 2; asht wlemi-
hachi, to excuse himself by means of it;
isht mihachi, v. t., to palliate.

mihachi, n., a talker; a reviler; a threat-

ener.

mihachi, n., obloquy.
mitka, bitka (q. v.), each; both; like;

of the same kind or species; tkitihaklo
minka; they can not hear each other, itin-
kana minka,

260

mitka, y. n., to be like or of the same
kind.

Mitkilish, I"kilish (q. v.), n., English;
the English.

Mitkilish, a., English.

Mitkilish hatak, n., an Englishman.

Mitkilish imanumpa, n., the English
language.

mikma (this has a future and definite
meaning, and is formed from mih, k, and
ma), and; John mikma, mikmat, ete.,
are composed of these words, mih, verb
‘to be the same;’’ k, the demonstrat-
ive article, and ma, the common article,
which, with a verb, means when. See
mih, ma. This word is hard to render
into English—mikmano, and the—mik-
mat, and, John 1:1; Matt. 5: 38—mik-
mato, and the.

mitko, y.a.i., toreign; Matt. 2: 22; Chihu
at mikoshke, 2 Kings 9:13; torule, Josh.
Ae 4,

mitko, n., a chief; asachem; asagamore,
among red men; a president; a gov-
ernor; a prince; a duke; a monarch; a
king; anemperor; aczar; an autocrat; a
pasha, etc. among other nations; ‘‘his
excellency;’’ ‘‘his honor;’’ a colonel;
a commander; a captain-general; a
dominator; the executive; his majesty;
a potentate; power; a sovereign, etc.,
Wenn, 8 1 8) az eaas. 1Bo fe

mitko, pp., enthroned; crowned.

mitko ahalaia, a., royal; regal; kingly.

mi"ko aiokpachi, n., coronation.

miko apelechika afullota, n., the cir-
cuit of a king’s dominions; a kingdom;
a realm; an empire.

mitko apelichi, miko apetiechi, n., a
realm; a kingdom; an empire, Luke
4: 5; the dominion of a king; the
king’s dominions.

mi"ko apetiechika, n., a kingdom; the
place over which a king rules.

mitko chohmi, a., kingly.

mitko iakaiya, n., a major.

mi®ko ikbi, y. t., to crown; to make a
king.

miko ikimiksho, a., kingless.

mi2tkoimanumpeshi,n.,aconsul; anam-
bassador; a king’s chief secretary or aid.

miZko imiacbuka, mi"ko imialipa, n.,
a crown; a miter; a king’s turban; a
diadem; a royal fillet or headdress,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

mi®ko imma, a., royal.

mi"ko imohoyo, n., the king’s wife; a
queen; an empress; a chieftainess.

miko inchuka, n., a palace; a royal
dwelling; a king’s house, Matt. 11: 8.

mitko intabi, n., a scepter; the king’s
staff.

mi"ko i"peni, n., a yacht; a royal yacht.

mitko kobafa, n., a dethroned king;
dethroned.

mitko kobaffi, v. t., to dethrone a king.

mitko kobaffi, n., one who dethrones a
king.

mitko tekchi, n., the king’s wife; a
queen.

mitko toba, v. a. i., to reign, Matt.
2: 22; to become a king.

mi"ko toba, pp., crowned king; made
a king.

mi"kochi, y. t., to make a king; to en-
throne.

mi®kochi, n., a coronation.

Miliki, n., America; the United States,
in the view of a Choctaw, and not all
North and South America.

Miliki, a., American.

Miliki hatak, n., an American; a Yankee.

Miliki okla, n., the Americans; Ameri-
can people; the people of the United
States.

Miliki yakni, n., America; the United
States

millinta, v. a. i., to polish; to wear
bright.

millinta, pp., polished.

millinta, n., a polish.

millintachi, v. t., to polish.

millintachi, n., a polisher.

mitofa, pp., filed; rasped.

mitoffi, sing., to file; to rasp.

mitoffi, n., a filer.

mitoha, vy. t. pl., to file; to rasp.

mitohachi, v. t., to file; pp., rasped.

mitohachi, pp. pl., filed; rasped.
mitoti, pp. pl., filed; rasped.

mitotichi, v. t. pl., to file; to rasp them.

mintahpi, v. a. i., to begin tocome.

mintahpi, n., that which or he who
came first.

minti, v. a. i., tocome; to start; to start
this way; to approach; i”minti, to come
to him; John 1: 29; aba minti, to come
from above; to descend, John 1: 382;

BYINGTON]

Matt. 8: 9; 14: 29; 15: 1, aminti, to come
from, Josh. 2: 2, 4; 3: 9; minti, nasal
form; mihinti, freq., Matt. 12: 32; takla
mihinti, to approach; be approaching,
Josh. 5:7; mienti, aminti, to come from,
Matt. 8:11; to originate at; to come
of, Matt 5: 37.

minti, n., a coming; a comer.

minti, from, Matt. 4: 25.

mintichi, y. t., to cause to come; to start
off; to make him come; mintinchi, nas.
form; mintihinchi, freq. form.

mintit ala; mintit imala, Matt. 8:5, came
unto him.

mi4sa, pp., scarred.

mi%sa, n., ascar; a stripe; a cicatrix.

misisu"kachi, pp. pl., scarred; striped;
spotted white.

misisu"kachi, n.pl., scars; short stripes;
whitish spots.

mismiki, a., fine; beautiful; as aboha
mismiki, a fine house.

mismiki, vy. n., to be fine.

mismikichi, y. t., to make fine.

misu®fa, see masu”fa.

misha, ady., beyond; further; off, as
mishaia, go off; mishia cha, go off (and
do not come back); Chatan misha, be-
yond Jordan, Matt. 4:15, 25; mish, con-
tracted; mishtannap, the other side,
Mark 5: 1; misha ohia, beyond go ye,
Matt. 7: 23.

misha, a., ulterior; utter.

misha, vy. n., to be beyond; to be further.

misha, n., place or time beyond (a later
note says ‘‘misha, place; mishsha,
time’’); misha pila, Matt. 3:2; misha
intannap, Matt. 8: 28, the other side,
Matt. 16: 5; misha tannap, Matt. 14: 22.

misha, n., the place beyond; the one
beyond the other; mishsha, n., time
beyond.—J. C.

misha, mishsha, ady., day before yes-
terday; day after to-morrow; i”misha,
ady., tertian; day after to-morrow.

mishahchi, pp., winnowed; mashlichi,
v. t.

mishakash, the day before yesterday;
two days ago.

mishakasho®, on the day before yester-
day.

mishapilla, ady., farther; further.

mishapilla, a., ultimate.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

261

muishash, the day before yesterday.

mishema (from misha and imma), ady.,
beyond; farther; further.

mishema, vy. n., to be beyond; to be
farther off; chinmishemashke, be it far
from thee, Matt. 16: 22.

mishema, pp., put beyond; delayed;
removed.

mishema fullota, ady., abroad, Luke
RUC

mishemanchit apesa, y. t., to post-
pone.

mishemachi, v. t., to put farther off;
to remove along; mishemanchi, nasal
form.

mishemat alhpisa, pp., postponed.

mishofa, sing., to rub off.

mishofa, pp., rubbed off.

mishoha, pp. pl., rubbed.

mishohachi, vy. t., to rub.

mishokachi, y. a. i. pl., to rub off; it
rubs.

mishokachi, pp., rubbed; rubbed off.

mishokachi, n., a rubbing; the noise
made by filing a saw.

mishohi, pp. pl., rubbed.

mishoh, y. a.i., to rub.

misholichi, vy. t. pl., to make them rub;
to rub; mishoffi, sing.

mishsha, see misha.

mishshakma, ady., on the day after to-
morrow; when it shall be day after to-
morrow; i?mishakma siabeka, after to-
morrow.

mishtannap, n., the other side, Josh.
1: 2; over; beyond, Josh. 9: 10.

mishuk, n., a single noise made by fil-
ing a saw.

mishukachi, y. a. i., to make the noise;
to ring, as a saw that is filed.

mitafa, v. a. i. sing., to burst open; to
gush; to break open; torupture; tanampo
at mitafa, hichi at mitafa.

PP-;

burst ruptured;

mitafa,
opened.

mitafa, n., a break; a breach; a disrup-
tion; an eruption; a ruption.

mitah, v. a. i. pl., to burst open; to
break open; to chap; to rupture; yak-
ni at mitati; shukcha yat mitati, the
leathern bottles burst, Matt. 9: 17.

mitah, pp., burst open.
mitali, n., breaches; breaks.

open;

262 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

mitaltichi, y. t. pl., to break them open;
to cause them to burst; to chap; to
rupture.

mitaffi, v. t., to burst open; to break
open; to gush; to open; to rupture; to
wound, Mark 12: 4.

mitefa, vy. a. i., to get loose; to unloose;
to untie.

mitefa, pp., untied; ripped.

mitefa, n.. a rip.

mitelichi, y. t., to strike with a switch.

mitelichi, n., a cut; a single stroke.

miteli, n., a rip.

mitehi, y. a. i. pl., to get loose.

miteli, pp., untied; loose; ripped.

mitelichi, y. t., to unloose; to untie; to
rip; to unravel; to unseal.

mitibli, v. a. i., to swell, as corn or acorns
when moistened; tanchi at mitibli, nust
at mitibli, ahe at mitibli.

mitibli, pp., swelled.

mitiblichi, y. t., to cause to swell; to
swell.

mitiffi, sing., to unloose; to untie; to
ungird; to unseal; to unstring.

mitifmiya, see mitikminii.

mititha, v. t. pl., to whip with a switch;
to flog.

mitihachi, y. t., to strike with the
wings; to flutter, as a bird; aba hushi at
mitihacht.

mitihachi, n., a flutterer.

mitikli, v. a. i. sing., to beat; to throb;
to palpitate.

mitikli, n. sing., a beating; a throb-
bing; a pulsation.

mitiklichi, vy. t., to cause to throb; to
make it beat.

mitikmi@kli, y. a.
sore.

mitikminli, mitikmiya, mitifmiya,
y.a.i. pl., to beat; tothrob; to pulsate;
to palpitate.

mitikminli, n., a beating; a throbbing;
a palpitation; the pulse.

mitikminlichi, y. t., to make it throb.

mitilhmiya, n., the pulse; a slow pulsa-
tion.

mitilhmiya, y. a. i., to pulsate slowly.

miya, miha, vy. a. i., to be the same,
1 John, 2: 17; see mth.

moa, pp., skimmed.

moaha, a., thin, like soft mush.

moashki, 2., mushy or mushlike.

1.5) tO throbseasms:

[BULL, 46

mocholi, y. a. i., to close the eye; to
wink.

mocholi achafa, n., a wink.

mochukli, y. a. i. sing., to wink.

mochukli, n., a wink.

moeli, y. t. pl., to skim; pishukchi nia
moeli; bila moeli. [Asa plural verb of
action it means not only to skim, but
to row, to paddle, to scull; it is used to
denote the paddling of boats or canoes.
There is reason to believe that in this
word we have the tribal name, Maubila
or Mauilla. Mobile is called by the
modern Choctaw Moilla, a form resem-
bling both moeli and Mauilla.—H.S. H.]

mo®fa, pp., rubbed off; paddled; peeled
off; skinned off; rowed; peni at mo”fa.

motfa, vy. a. i., to peel off; to skin off;
to rub; to rub off hair; nipi at lua cha
monfa, to shed hair.

motffi, v. t., to rub off; to brush off; to
scrape off; to peel off; to oar; to row;
to paddle; to scull; to shoot and take
off the hair only.

mo®ffi, n., a rower; a paddler.

mo®ffit isht ia, v. t., to oar; to begin to
row; to take along by rowing.

mofi, v. t., to paddle; to row.

mo®fkachi, y. a. i., to rub against.

mo®fkachi, pp., rubbed; peeled off.

moha, pl., skimmed; peeled off.

mokafa, vy. t., to strike and knock off
with the hand or paw; itamokafa, to
conflict; to strike against each other;
mati hat sionmokafa.

mokafa; itamokafahe, to rise up against
each other, Matt. 24: 7; to meet in
battle.

mokofa, v.a.i., to slip out; to come out,
Luke 4: 35; 13: 12; to withdraw, Luke.
5: 16; to be quit of, Josh. 2: 20; isuba
hat mokofa, the horse is loose.

mokoffi, vy. t., to slack or slip out the
hand, Josh. 10: 6.

mokofi, v. t. (cf. mokofa), to rend from;
to rend away, 1 Kings 11: 11, 13.

mokohi, v. t. pl., Acts 12: 7.

moli, v. t., to skim; to peel off; to pad-
dle; peni moti.

moma, a., all, Matt. 6: 32; whole, John
1: 3[?]; every, Matt. 15: 13; entire;
full; total; universal; amoma, Matt. 11,
caption, lst line; moma iklauo, a., least;

BYINGTON]

lowest; moma iklauo ady., least, Josh.
8:4; moyuma, every; anumpa moyuma
kat, every word, Matt. 4: 4; emoywma
kat, every one of us, Judg. 16:5; hash
moma, Josh. 1: 2, 17.

moma, vy. a. i., to all; emoma, we all;
momat, they all, Luke 23: 1; momat hus-
samaiala, come unto me ye all, Matt.
11: 28; momat shatummi, Matt. 18: 33;
momat aiimonatok, Matt. 14: 35; momat
okla impa, Matt. 15: 37.

moma, v. n., to be all; moyuwma,; ilappa
moyuma, Matt. 6: 33. In this instance
moyuma becomes an intensive plurality
and totality, every one, Josh. 1: 14.

moma, ady., more; throughout; so; yet;
Matt. 16: 9; still; entirely; abeka moma,
still sick.

moma, y. n., to be so yet; to continue,
Matt. 17: 5; Josh. 4: 18; samoma, I
am so.

moma, v. a. i., to be all, Matt. 6: 22.

moma, vy. a. 1., to do so yet; to continue;
as momali, I still do so.

moma, n., a continuation; a full; the
sum, 2Sam. 24: 9; amount; total; total-
ity; the whole.

moma chuhmi, a., general.

moma chuhmi, n., generality.

moma chuhmi, adv., generally; mainly.

moma iklauo, a., least, Matt. 11: 11.

moma i®shah, a., over all; greater than
all; highest, Luke 6: 35; Matt. 18: 1;
greatest, Matt. 18: 4.

momaka ikpeso, a., untried.

momaka pisa, v. t., to try.

momaka pisa, n., a trial.

momaka pisa, n., a trier.

momat, mont (contracted), all (nom.
case); mont ia, all are going.

mominchi, y.t., to go to all or over all;
to affect all; to take all; mominchit anya,
Matt. 4: 23; mominchit takofichi, to cure
all, Matt. 8: 16; 12: 15; mominchit anoli,
“told everything,’”’ Matt. 8: 33; to
sweep the whole, John 2: 15; Luke 6:
10; Matt. 13: 44, 46; 14: 35; mominchit
pisa, to see all; aiilamominchi, to take
the whole to himself, Matt. 16: 26;
ilemominchi, v. t., to engross.

mominchi, adv., wholly.

mominchi, a., unreserved.

mominchit, ady., throughout.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

2638

momint, contracted from
ady., uttermost; utterly; tanchi amomint
luffi, husk all the corn.

mont, see momat.

moshli, see mushli.

mosholahe keyu, a., inexcusable.

mosholahe keyu, a., unquenchable; in-
extinguishable.

mosholi, y. a. i., to go out, as fire; to
expire; to pass; to go out, as a lamp;
to vanish, 1 Sam. 3: 3.

mosholi, pp., extinguished; gone out;
quenched; stifled.

mosholi, a., extinct.

mosholi, n., extinction.

mosholicha hinla, a., quenchable; ex-
tinguishable.

mosholichi, y. t., to extinguish fire; to
quench, Matt. 12: 20; to stifle; to de-
stroy, Josh. 7: 7; 10: 4.

motohki, a., without a tail, as a fowl;
or short, as a short coat.

mototu®kli, vy. a. i. pl., to throb.

mototu®kli, n., a throbbing.

motukli, sing., to throb, as a sore; to
pulsate; to beat, as the pulse.

moyayatkachi, a. pl., of the consistence
of mush; or halushki, as said by a Na-
tchitoches man, Aug. 29, 1854.

mufka, v. n., to be painful; to ache,
as the flesh after being burnt.

mufka, a., painful.

mufkachi, mafkachi, y. t., to put, in
pain; to pain.

mushli, moshli, sing., mushmoli, pl.,
vy. a. i, to wink; to wink hard and

mominchi;

long.
mushli, n., a winker.
mushmushli, y. a. i., to wink.
muyaha, applied to some kinds of faces.

n, contracted from na, not, must not
and made the final letter of verbs when
it occurs, as apalin, apali na, I may not
eat; ishpan, ishpa na, thou must not
eat.

na, ady., not; must not; do not let (this
form is aspirated, nah being verbal);
ishpa na, ishia na; akpoki na, chik
aiyuki na, chinukshopa na, Luke 1: 30;
yoba na, do not possibly; lest possibly;
chifammi na, do not let him whip you.

na, may; can; gla yoba na, perhaps he
may come.

264 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

na, a particle; classed with conjunctions
in its use in the second and third per-
sons; in the first singular, objective
case, it is simply a nasal, thus pisaiin;
onalin, ef. 1 Kings 9: 3; aiolabbit ishi na
ikano, Matt. 7, 5; 13: 22.

na, by means of; because; that; so that;
to the end that, 2 Sam. 24: 2; iskah
isht hassamaia na pisalashke, Mark 12:15;
here the object is expressed by
na, so that; sinti at kopoli na ile-
tok, because the serpents bit them
they died; ant amanoli na: akosti-
ninchiletuk, oka yan hachinshileli nan
hashanyatok, Josh. 2: 10; here the re-
sult in the mind of Rahab is expressed,
but in the mind of Moses the object
of God in drying up the waters would
be expressed by na; yohmi na, when,
Matt. 3: 16, see Matt. 4: 12, where na
and mat both are used.

na, till, Matt. 2: 15; long; chihaksi na,
1 Sam. 1: 14; na used before ‘‘time
how long,’”’ Acts 19: 8, 10, 22; time
future, anta na shohbi, to stay till
night; ihirshi na, Matt. 11:12; anta na
bilia, to remain forever; anta na himaka,
to stay till this time; time past up to
the present, inhullo na bilia hatukosh,
1 Kings 10: 9.

na, nah, ady., and; and then; that, Matt.
2:8; ont kehopesa na, let us go and see it
and then, etc. (we shall know); ont
kehopesa na ia; hot akla na, let me look
for and come then. The verb next
after na has a different nom. from the
one before it. When both verbs have
the same nom. cha is used, as ant impa
cha, come and eat and (go to work—as
the case may be); ant issa cha, quit
and (do not trouble me again), ete.; ima
na, Matt. 15: 36; used in the oblique
case, Josh. 7: 21; iyinkalaha ombinili
na tabokolimat illitok, 2 Kings 4: 20;
mahyah nah, scolding a dog a second
time; i. e., again, over again; keho-
tisheli nah, let us now disperse, hay-
ing been together a while.

na, n., a thing; an actor; an agent; an
article, John 4: 38[?]; contracted from
nana; before b, m, and p, usually writ-
ten nam; before the vowels and ch, 1,
and ¢ written na”, for euphony’s sake;
it is prefixed to verbs to form a noun;

[BULL. 46

name of an agent or thing; nan okpani,
a criminal; nan okpulo, a vile thing.

na, lest; maiyah na, go off lest (I whip
you).

na balama, n., incense; a_ fragrant
thing; an odor; a perfume; a scent;
spices; spicery, 1 Kings 10: 2, 15.

na balama ahushmi, n., an altar of
incense, Luke 1: 11.

na balama alua, n., an altar of incense.

na banna, n., appetite; desire.

na banna, a., needy.

na bashli, n., a reaper, Matt. 13: 30, 39.

na bila, n., oil, Luke 16: 6; fat; grease;
gravy; agreasy thing in a melted state;
melted fat.

na bili, n., a pointer.

na boli, n., a striker.

na bolukta, n., an orb.

na buna, n., a bundle; a roll; a parcel.

na fammi, n., a whipper; a chastiser; a
castigator.

na fehna, vy. a.i., to matter, Mark
12: 10, 11; to be possible, Matt. 17: 20.

na fehna, n., something; a real thing; a
reality; a feat; a wonderful work, Matt.
7: 22; wonders, Josh. 3, 5; mighty
work, Matt. 11: 20, 21; 18: 54.

na fehna,a., material; notable; remark-
able; stupendous; superb; wonderful;
wondrous.

na fehna keyu, a., unimportant.

na fehna keyu, n., nothing; a nihility.

na fehna keyu, a., ordinary; immaterial.

na fehnachi, v. t., to make something of
it, Luke 5: 26[?]; na fienacii.

na fehnachi, n., the one who makes
something of it.

na fohka, na foka,n., a garment of any
kind; a shirt; a coat; apparel; clothes,
Josh. 7:6; attire; clothing, Matt. 7: 15;
habiliment; a habit; raiment; a vest-
ment; avesture; awardrobe, Matt. 11:8;
Josh. a2 2, 2479: 5, 13:

na foka abohushi, n., a press; a clothes
press.

na foka afohoma, n., a hem.

na foka afohomi, y. t., to hem a gar-
ment; to hem in.

na foka afoli, v. t., to swaddle.

na foka aiasha, n., a wardrobe.

na foka aiitatoba, n., a slop-shop; a
shop where ready-made clothes are
sold.

Ne ee EEE ———ee

_

BYINGTON]

na foka alhfoa, pp., swaddled.

na foka chashana, n., a long coat; a
straight-bodied coat.

na foka chashana falaia, n., a surtout.

na foka chito, n., a great coat; a large
garment; a cloak.

na foka chito fohka, v. t., to cloak.

na foka foka, v. t., to dress one’s person;
to attire; to dress up; to put on a gar-
ment; to clothe; to habit.

na foka foka, pp., dressed; clothed; ap-
pareled; habited.

na foka fokachechi, na foka fokachi,
y. t., to dress another person; to clothe;
to apparel; to furnish another person
with clothes.

na foka ikbi, n., a tailor.

na foka ikbi, v. t., to tailor.

na foka iksho, a., naked;
clothes.

na foka iksho, y. n., to be naked; to be
destitute of clothes.

na foka ilumpatali, n., a cape; a van-
dyke.

na foka intikba takali, n., an apron.

na foka isht kasholichi, n., a clothes-
brush.

na foka kolukshi, n., avest; a waistcoat;
a jacket; a jerkin; a roundabout.

na foka kolukshi shakba a®sha, n., a
spencer.

na foka lumbo, n., a shirt; linen; an
undergarment.

na foka lumbo falaia, n., a frock.

na foka lumbo foka, vy. t., to shirt; to
put on a shirt.

na foka lumbo foka, pp., shirted; clothed
with a shirt.

na foka lumbo fokachi, v. t., to shirt
another (as a child).

na foka patafa, n., a hunting-shirt;
lit., a split garment.

na foka umpatta, n., a vandyke.

na foni, n., bones; a skeleton.

na fotoli, n., a grinder; a borer; a miller.

na fuli halah, n., a lot; lots, Luke 23: 34.

na habena, n., one whoreceives apresent
or favor; a beneficiary.

na habenachi, n., a benefactor.

na haklo, n., a hearer; an auditor; a lis-
tener.

na haksi,n.,acriminal; arogue; a villain;
a cheat.

na haksichi, n., a rogue.

without

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 265

na hakshup, n., leather; peltry.

na hakshup kanchi, n., a skinner; one
that deals in skins.

na halupa, n., a weapon made of iron or
steel; arms; a lance; a pike; a pin: a
spear, Josh. 1: 14; Tusk im nahalupa;
Tusk ina halupa, a scimiter.

na halupa aiasha, na halupa aiitola,
an armory; a deposit for arms; a maga-
zine.

na halupa boli, vy. t., to surrender; to lay
down arms.

na halupa ilatah, y.a.i., to arm; toarm
himself; to equip himself.

na halupa imatah, v. t., toarm; to fur-
nish with arms; to equip.

na halupa imalhtaha, pp., armed; fur-
nished with arms; equipped; prepared
for war, Josh.1:14; 4: 12, 13.

na halupa isht bali, v. t., to spear.

na hashofichi, see na kashofichi.

na halbina, n., a present; a benefit; a
benefaction; a donation; a gift.

na hata, n., a white cloth; a banner; a
flag of truce; an ensign; a flag; a pend-
ant; a pennant; a sail; a veil.

na hata alhtipo, n., atent; a cloth tent;
a pavilion.

na hata ikbi, n., a sailmaker.

na hata Hlafa, n., a white rag.

na hika, n., a flier; one that flies.

na hita, n., a dancer; a top; a toy for
children.

na himmonna,n.,a novelty; anew thing.

na hobuna, n., a bundle.

na hochifo, n., a namer.

na hokchi, n., a planter; a sower, John
4: 36; Matt. 13: 3.

na hokchi, vy. t., to sow; na hokchit ia tok,
Matt. 13: 3.

na hokli, n., a catcher; a seizer.

na holba, n., a picture; a resemblance;
an imitation; a statue.

na holhponi, n., food; victuals prepared
for the table.

na holhtina, n., arithmetic; a calcula-
tion; mathematics.

na holhtina holisso, n.,
a book upon mathematics.

na holipafi, n., a mastiff; an English dog.

na holissochi, n., a writer; a scribe; a
clerk, Luke 5: 21; Matt. 5: 20; 8: 19;
Diss 2383 LO UeelGnie

arithmetic;

266 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

na holitompa, n., treasure, Matt. 13: 44.

na holitompa isht a®sha, n. pl., priests,
Matt. 12:4; 16: 21; Josh. 3:3, 6; 6:4, 6, 8.

na holitompaisht atta,n., sing.,apriest,
Matt. 2: 4; 1 Sam. 2: 11, 13.

na holitopa, n., asacred thing; a treasure.

na holitopa aialhto, n., a shrine.

na hollo, n., a supernatural being; one
that creates fear and reverence; an in-
habitant of the invisible world. This
name was thus anciently used, but
when the whites first visited the Indians
this name was given to them.

na hollo, n., a white man; white men of
allnations. The name of man when ap-
plied to white people, as hatak means
man when red people are spoken of; a
master, as the master of slaves.

na hollo, a., pertaining to a white man.

na hollo hochitoka, n., the great white
men; Congress; commissioners of the
Government.

na hollo holitopa, n., a beloved or
sacred white man; an agent of the
United States Government; the Indian
agent is often thus called.

na hollo i"bissa, n., a raspberry.

na hollo i" kowi, n., an English mile.

na hollo imahe, n., an Irish potato;
Trish potatoes; English potatoes.

na hollo imanumpa, n., the word of a
white man; the language of white
men; the English language, as English
are most known to the Choctaw
among white people.

na hollo imalla, n., a white man’s child.

na hollo imohoyo, n., a white man’s
wife.

na hollo imokchat®k, n., a cucumber.

na hollo intakkon, n., an apple.

na hollo itanowa, n., a traveler.

na hollo mi®ko, n., a royal white man;
lit., a white man king, applied to the
United States agent.

na hollo ohoyo, n., a white woman.

na hollo takchi, n., a sheriff; a con-
stable.

na hollo tekchi, n., a white man’s wife;
the word tekchi after the pos. case has
no pro. before it, of the third person.

na hollo totksali, n., a laborer; a labor-
ing white man.

na hollo yakni, n., the land or country
of the white men, applied to the

[BULL. 46

United States in distinction from the
land of the Indians.

na hollochi, na hullochi, v. a. i., to ab-
stain from certain food and drink; to
fast, Luke 2: 37; Matt. 6: 18; to keep
sacred; na hullochit anta lin, Acts 10: 30.

na hollochi, n., one who fasts, abstains,
etc.; a priest.

na hollochi iksa, n., a priest; the order
of priests.

na hollochiiksa petichi,n.,ahigh priest.

na hollofi, n., an English dog; a bulldog.

na holloka, n., a sacred thing; a conse-
crated object.

na hollushi, n., a quadroon; the child
or descendant of a white man by a red
woman.

na holokchi, n., a plant; a vegetable
that is cultivated, Matt. 15: 13.

na homi, n., alcohol; ardent spirits;
whisky; liquor; any bitter thing.

na honni okchi, n., a decoction.

na hopoa, n., a beast; na hopoa puta,
every beast, Gen. 1: 30.

na hoponi, n., a cook.

na hopu"koyo, n., a spy.

na hotina, n., a counter.

na hotupa, n., a pain; na hotupa hosh an-
laua.

na hoyo, n., a seeker; a hunter; a sum-
moner.

na hoyo, n., harvest, John 4: 35; Matt.
9: 37; nan ahoyo, n., the harvest place.

na hu®kupa, na hulhkupa, n., a thief,

na hullochi, y. a. i., to fast, Matt. 6: 16;
17: 21; see na hollochi, and nan hullochi.

na humma, n., the red warriors; the
name of certain warriors, implying
bravery, honor, ete., as na humma ati-
ha ona.

na humma, n., red strand; red blanket-
ing.

na humma, n., rouge; vermilion; red
paint.

na humma chutata, n., a strip of red
stroud.

na hummachi, n., a tanner; one that
dyes red; one that colors red.

na hu¥ssa, n., a gunner; a sportsman.

na imahaksi, n., a pardoner; a forgetter;
one who forgets.

na kanchi, n., a seller; a trader; a mer-
chant; a dealer; a negotiator; a shop-
keeper.

ST

ad

BYINGTON]

na kanimi, n., the object.

na kanimi keyu, a., sound; not having
anything out of order.

na kanimi keyu, vy. n., to be sound and
in order.

na kaniohmi keyu, a., safe; being with-
out any disturbance; safely.

na kashofichi, na hashofichi, n., a par-
doner.

na katimi, pro., why; wherefore; for
what; what for.

na katimiho, pro., what is the matter;
what is the reason; wherefore; why; na
katimiho hachinukshopa cho, why are ye
fearful? Matt. 8: 26; why, Matt. 16: 8;
na katima heto, it will come to nothing;
na katimi kakon,

na katiohmi, adyv., why; wherefore.

na kallo, n., power; strength, Luke 5: 7.

na kallo, n., linen cloth; hemp cloth.

na kostini, n., the wise, Matt. 11: 25.

na kulli, n., a digger.

na lakna, n., rust, Matt. 6: 19, 20.

na luma, n., secrets, Matt. 13: 35.

na lumbo, see nan lumbo.

na lafa, n., something that is marked; a
mark.

na la®fi, n., a marker.

na lakofi, n., a person that is cured,
John 5: 10; an escape; one that escapes.

na takofichi, y. t., to cure, Luke 6: 7;
Matt. 12: 10.

na takofichi, n., a healer; a curer; a re-
storer; a savior.

na Hilafa, n., a rag; a clout.

na filali, n., rags.

na litilli,n.,agum; aresinous substance.

na maleli, n., a runner.

na miha, n., a saying; a maxim; an
adage.

na miha iksho, nan ikmiho, n.,a silent
person; a reserved person.

na miha shah, a., querulous; complain-
ing.

na miha shah, y. n., to be querulous;
y. t., to find fault.

na miha shali, n., a complainer.

na mihachi, y. t., to slander; to back-
bite; na mihachit anumpuli, to speak
against, Matt. 12: 32; to curse, Matt.
15: 4.

na mihachi,n.,aslanderer; a backbiter.

na mihachi shah, n., a noted slanderer;
a whisperer.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

267

na mihiksho, n., patience; silence.

na nihi, n., seeds, Matt. 13:4, 19, 20, 22,
Poe

na nukhatklo, y. a. i., to mourn, Matt.
5:4,

na nukhamachi, n., pain.

na nuktalali, n., a comforter, John 14:
16.

na pakanli, see nam pakanli.

na palammi, n., a curse; a woe, | Sam.
14: 24, 28; see nam palammi.

na peltichi, n., a guide, Matt. 23: 24; a
ruler, Matt. 9: 18; a governor, Matt.
10: 18.

na pisa, see nam pisa.

na pi4sa, n., an eyewitness; a beholder;
a seer, 2 Sam. 24: 11.

na pisat atya, y. t., to spy, Josh. 2: 1.

na shali, n., a bearer; acarrier; alhpoyak
shali, a peddler.

na shanaiya, a., perverse.

na shanni, n., a spinner.

na shilombish, n., aspirit; na shilombish
okpulo, an unclean spirit, Luke 6: 18.

na shimmi, n., a river; a board-maker.

na shoeli, v. t., to draw lots, Josh. 15: 1;
Matt. 27: 35.

na shoeli, n., a drawing lots; a lot, Josh.
L367 T4: 2:

na shoelichi, y. t. caus., to cast lots, Josh.
18: 6, 8, 10.

na shoelit ishi, n., alot, Josh, 17:14; 19:
1, 10, 17, 24, 32, 40:

na sholi, n., a bearer; a carrier.

na shua, n., filth; stench; offal; scent.

na tikbanli anoli, y. t., to prophesy; to
foretell, Matt. 11: 13.

na waya, n., fruit, John 4: 36; a crop;
mast.

na waya hoyo, v. t., to harvest.

na waya hoyo, na waya ishi, n., a har-
vester; a harvestman.

na waya ishi, y. t., to reap.

na waya kanchakfoki, v. t., to harvest;
to put the fruits of the earth in a gran-
ary.

na wehpoa, n., pillage; plunder; prey;
booty; a trophy, 1 Sam. 14: 30.

na wehpuli, n., a robber; a plunderer.

na weki, n., a burden; a weight; a heavy
thing.

na yakohmi, n., this thing, Luke 2: 19;
Matt. 16: 22.

na yimmi, n., a believer.

968 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

na yimmi, n., faith, na yimmi chinto, great
faith, Matt. 8: 10; na yimmi fehna keyu
hachiama, O, ye of little faith, Matt. 8:
26; 14:31; 16: 8; 17: 20; oklana yimmi-
ka, their faith, Matt. 9: 2; na yimmi
iksho, faithless; Matt. 17: 17, nan ikyim-
mo, unbelief, Matt. 17: 20.

na yopisa, n., a spectator.

na yoshoba, n., sin, 1 John 2: 12.

na yuka, n., a captive; spoil.

na yukachi, n., a captor.

na yukpa, n., joy; a joyful man; pleas-
ure; rejoicing; peace, Matt. 10: 13;
13: 44.

na yukpa, v. a.i., to rejoice, Matt. 2: 10;
to be blessed, Matt. 5: 3-10.

na yukpali, n., joy, Luke 2: 10.

nachofa, pp. sing., cut off; lopped; see
nachuffi.

nachofa, n., that which is cut off.

nachoha, pp. pl., lopped.

nacholhi, y. t. pl., to strip off leaves or
cut off limbs; to lop.

nacholichi, v. t. pl., to strip off leaves
or limbs; it naksisha na chotichi.

nacholichi, n., one who strips or cuts
off leaves or limbs; a lopper.

nachuffi, y. t. sing., to lop off; iti nak-
sish oppa nachuffi, cut off this limb.

nachuffi, n., a lopper.

naffi, v. t. sing., to pluck an ear of corn;
pass., nafa; natichi, vy. t. pl., to pluck
ears of corn; pass., nahhachi.

nafimmi, n., a sower; a scatterer, Matt.
13: 3.

nah, see na.

naha, Vv. a. i.; ish naha.

naha, adyv., well nigh; for atime; almost;
nearly; hardly; nigh; scarcely; illinaha;
hikikva naha.

naha, pp., trimmed; picked off; cut off;
natichi v. t.

nahchaba, n., the backbone.

Nahchi, n., Natchez.

nahishi (Sixtowns word), n., rheumatic
pains, also shumantabi.

natka, a., having no worth; worthless,
John 6: 27.

natka, y.n., to be worthless; yakni yam-
mak nanka, that land is of no value; see
ish atta tok ak natka, John 9: 34.

nakabila, n., a ladle used in melting
lead; any place where lead is melted;
a ladle.

(BULL. 46

nakachosha, n., a pile; the head of an
arrow.

nakahakmo, nakaiakmo, n., a bullet-
mold.

nakampo, n., a pewter basin.

nakfi, n., the brother of a woman; anap-
pellation proper only fora sister to use;
a%nakfi, my brother.

nakfish, n., a junior; a junior brother,
Matt. 4: 21; my brother, who is younger
than the one speaking or the one
spoken of; a younger brother, used to
show this relation between two broth-
ers or two cousins; a younger sister,
used to show this relation between two
sisters; a brother may not call his sister
sanakfish, nor a sister call her brother
sanakfish, my brother.

naki, n., lead; a dart; i”naki, his sting.

naki fabassa, n., a pig of lead.

naki humma, n., red lead.

naki impatalhpo, n., wadding; some
say isht alhpitta.

naki kallo, n., pewter.

naki kallo aiimpa, n., a pewter plate.

nakilumpo, n., a bullet; round lead.

naki lusa, n., black lead.

naki palalka, n., a pig of lead.

naki pila, v. t., to dart; to throw an ar-
row or dart.

naki tapuski, n., sheet lead.

naki yalhki, n., the dross of lead.

nakishtalali, n., a catfish; a bullhead.

nakishwana, n., a catfish; a bullhead.

nakni, n., the male sex of all creatures,
where the distinction of sex is known;
aman; a brave; a blade, used to denote
a man of pith and spirit; manliness; a
warrior.

nakni, a., brave; courageous; manful;
manly; manlike; male; martial; mas-
culine; valiant; iknakno, a hypochon-
driac; nahatkni.

nakni, y. n., to be brave, courageous,
mantul, or resolute; sanakni, chinakni;
natrhankni.

nakni hita, n., the name of a dance, at
which none but men dance.

nakni tashka, n., a warrior; a subject;
a male inhabitant.

naknichi, y. t., to render brave, bold,
stout, manlike; ilenaknichi, to make a
man of himself or to make himself bold;
to rouse up one’s courage or resolution
when in trouble, distress, or danger.

BYINGTON]

naksakawa, n., corn bread made of
green corn boiled, and wrapped in corn
leaves; same as tanch hiloha palaska and
tanch hotokbi palaska.

naksi, n., the side; the rib; aboha naksi,
the side or the ribs of a house.

naksi, y. a. i., to turn on the side; to
lean sideways, as a post; naksit ansha,
to. turn and sit or to sit sideways;
naksit itola, to lie on the side or to turn
and lie.

naksi foni, n., a rib bone; a spare rib.

naksika, a., solitary.

naksika, n., a side; a corner; a by-place.

naksitka, n., a corner, Luke 18: 13 [?].

naksika binili, pp., insulated.

naksika binili, v. a. i., to sit in a solitary
place, as a corner; to retire.

naksika binilichi, v. t., to insulate.

naksika bol, v. t., to obviate; to lay one
side.

naksika hilechi, v. t., to isolate.

naksikachi, v. t., to put in a corner or
by-place; to put out of the way; to iso-
late; to slant.

naksikaia, y. a. i., to wander.

naksish, n.,alimb; a knot; a joint, as in
cane, reed, etc.; a branch, Matt. 13: 32.
a bush; iti naksish, uski naksish, ku shak
naksish, tanchapi naksish.

naksish filamoli, n. pl., branches; limbs.

naksish filamminchi, n., a branch; a
limb.

naksish i"filammi, n., the branch of a
limb.

naksish laua, a., knotty; full of limbs or
joints; knurled.

naksish naha, pp., trimmed; having the
limbs cut off.

naksish naha, n., a pollard; a tree lop-

_ ped.

naksish nahachit taha, pp., pruned.

naksish natlichi, v. t., to poll; to cut off
the limbs; to prune.

naksish natichi, n., a pruner.

naksish taptuli, v. t., to poll.

nakshilup, n., tall wild grass, with a
tassel.

nakshobi, naksobi, a., having the smell
of fish when first taken from the water.

nakshobi, n., thesmell of fish just caught.

nakshobi, v. n., to smell as newly caught
fish; to stink, as fish.

nakshobichi, naksobichi, v. t., to cause
to smell, as fish newly caught.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 2969

naku¥shi, n., shot; pachi naku®shi, pi-
geon shot; fani nakunshi, squirrel shot;
isi nakunshi, buckshot.

nalapi, n., the gorge; the throat; see in-
nalapi.

nalichi, v. t., to pluck off ears of corn.

natichi, vy. t., pl. to trim off; to pick;
to cut off; to lop; tanchampi a” natichi;
iti naksish an natichi; pass., nahhachi,
tanchi laua hosh nahhachi.

nalichi, n., a lopper.

nalit illi apat nusi, n., opium.

nam, n., a thing, contracted from nana,
and written nam before p for euphony’s
sake.

nam pakanli, na pakanli (Matt. 6: 28)
n., a flower; a blossom; a bloom; a
blow.

nam palammi, na palammi, n., acurse,
1 Sam. 14: 24, 28.

nam pa®shi tanna, n., sackcloth; cloth
made of hair.

nam pelichi, n., a ruler; a governor,
Matt. 10: 18.

nam piheta, n., a lady’s gown or frock;
the old name is alhkonapihita (cf. al-
conand).

nam pilesa, n., a laborer; a workman; a
hireling.

nam pisa, na pisa, n., a spectator; a
‘looker; a looker on; a speculator; a
spectacle.

nam poa, n., game; wild beasts

nam poa anusi, n., a lair.

nam poa hakshup, n., peltry.

nam poa inchuka, n., a kennel; a den.

nam poheta, n., a gown (not common);
see pohota.

nam ponaklo, n., an inquirer.

nam pota, n., a borrower; a hirer.

nam potoni, n., a guard; a watch.

nan, n., a thing; contracted from nana;
see na and nam.

nan abeka, n., sickness; a fever, Luke
4; 39.

nan achafa, n., an individual; one thing.

nan achefa, n., 2 washwoman; a laun-
dress; a launderer; one who washes.

nan achefa ohoyo, n., a woman who
washes; a laundress.

nan achunli, n., a tailor; a seamster; a
tailoress; a seamstress; when a woman
is intended, ohoyo, may be added as
above.

PMA) BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

nan aheka, n., a debtor; one who owes
another money, goods, or services.

nan ahekachi, n., a creditor; a truster.

nan ahoyo, n., the harvest; the harvest
place; nan imahoyo, his harvest, Matt.
9: 38.

nan aiachefa, n., a washtub.

nan aiahni, n., the will, Matt. 12: 50.

nan aiapistikeli, n., a guard; prison,
Gen. 40: 4.

nan aiashacheka, n., sin; na chimai-
ashacheka, thy sins, Matt. 9: 2, 6.

nan aiisht imateka, n., peril.

nan aiithana, n., a disciple; a learner;
nan imaiithana, his disciple, Matt. 8:
21, 23; na chimaiithana, thy disciples,
Matt. 9: 14.

nan aiokchaya, n., salvation, Luke 2: 30.

nan aiya, vy. a. i., to act for peace, |
Kings 2: 13.

nan aiya, n., peace; itinnanaiya, a peace
between them, Josh. 9: 15; nanaiya
yor, peace, Matt. 10: 34.

nan aiya, a., peaceful; living at peace;
itinnanaiya, pp., conciliated; mutually
reconciled, Matt. 5: 24; to make peace
with, Josh. 10:1, 4; itin nanaiyahe keyu,
a., irreconcilable.

nan aiyachi, y. t., to make peace; to
cause peace; to mediate; itinnanaiyachi,
to cause them to be at peace; to medi-
ate between them; to conciliate; isht
itinnan aiyachi, Josh. 8:31.

nan aiyachi, n., a peacemaker; a medi-
ator; itinnan aiyachi, a peacemaker; one
who causes people to be at peace, Matt.
5:9; pitinnan aiyachi, our mediator; itin-
nan aiyachechi, v. t., to make peace be-
tween them; itinnan aiyachechi, n., a
peacemaker.

nan aiyukhana, n., a cross, Luke 9: 23.

nan anoli, n., a newsman; a newsmon-
ger; one who makes known the mind
or counsel of a head man; a notifier; an
informer; a crier; a herald; a publisher;
areporter; a talebearer; a tattler; a tell-
tale; a witness, Matt. 18: 16; na chim-
anoli, your informant.

nan anoli shali, n., a telltale; an offi-
cious informer; a blabber.

nan anusi, nan nusi, yanusi(from yaiya
and nusi), n.,a cry for the dead; a
mourning for the dead; the place where
the friends of the dead assemble at the

[BULL. 46

end of the days of mourning to cry and
bewail; and it is so called because they
assemble about sundown and remain
over night.

nan apela, n., a helper; an aid; an ally;
an auxiliary; an assistant; a help.

nan apelachi, n., a help; an aid, ete.

nan. apesa, n., a judge; an arbiter; a
ruler; a decider; a herald; an insti-
tutor; a magistrate, Matt. 5: 25; Josh.
8: 33; a manager; a marshal; a pretor;
aschemer; nam pimapesa banna hotu-
ma, it appears that he would be a judge
over us; na hachimapesa, your judges,
Matt. 12: 27.

nan apesa abinili, n., a tribunal.

nan apesa ateha, n., councils, Matt.
HOB ALE

nan apesachi, n., an overseer; a super-
intendent.

nan apistikeli, n., a guard, Gen. 40: 3.

nan apitta, n., a loader; one who puts
on a load; one who charges a gun.

nan apoba, nanapoa, n., domestic
animals, vegetables, trees, or fruits. ~

nan apoluma, n., a witch.

nan apuskiachi, n., a priest; a heathen
priest, Gen. 41: 45.

nan ashacheka, n., a mistake; applied
also to our sins, in which sense it is
much used by those who have come to
know the nature of sin; a sin.

nan ashachi, n., sin, 2 Sam. 24: 10; see
ashachi.

nan ashachi, n., a sinner, Matt. 11: 19;
hatak nana ashachi siahoke, I am a man
who is a sinner, Luke 5: 8.

nan atokowa anoli, n., a witness.

nan abanablit ont ia, n., Passover; a
thing that passes over.

nan abi, n., a killer; a slayer; a butcher;
a murderer.

nan alhpisa, n., a custom, Luke 2: 27; a
commandment, Matt. 5: 19; Josh. 1: 7,
8, 18; a law, Matt. 5: 17; 7: 12; nan
alhpisa pokoli, the Ten Commandments;
judgment, Matt. 5: 21.

nan alhpisa chinto, n., judgment, Matt.
It: 22:

nan alhpisa holisso, n., a book of the
law; alaw book, Josh. 8: 34.

nan alhpisa nitak, n., the day of judg-
ment, Matt. 12: 36.

Eero

BYINGTON]

nan alhpisa onuchi, v. t., to accuse,
Matt. 12: 10.

nan alhpoa, nan alhpoba, n., domestic
animals; trees; fruits; plants; stock;
anything raised by cultivation and
care; see nan apoba.

nan alhpoba imatali, v. t., to stock.

nan alhpoyak, n., goods, wares, and
merchandise.

nan alhtaha, n., things prepared; things
in readiness.

nan alhtoba, n., wages, Luke 3: 14; Matt.
10: 42.

nan alhtoka, n., one who is appointed
or elected; an official; an elect; a min-
ister, Luke 4: 20; a servant, John 2: 5;
an officer, Matt. 5: 25.

nan alhtokowa, n., testimony; things
testified of, John 4: 39.

nan amo, n., a reaper; a picker, John
4: 36.

nan ani, n., fruit, such as grows on trees;
berries, ete.

nan apa, n., food; aliment; nutriment;
an eatable; something to eat; meat.

nan apa okchaki, n., a salad.

nan apawaya, 0., grain.

nan apawaya ahoyo, n.,
John 4: 35.

nan chanaha, n., an orb; a sphere; a
round thing.

nan chokushpa, n., trumpery.

nan chokushpa hu®kupa, v. t., to pilfer.

nan chokushpa hu®kupa, n., a pilferer.

nan chokushpa itatoba, n., a huckster.

nan chufichi, n., a sender; a driver; one
who sends or drives another.

nan chumpa, n., a buyer; a trader; a
merchant, Matt. 13: 45; a purchaser; a
contractor; a storekeeper; a dealer; a
negotiator.

nan chumpa kobafa, n., a bankrupt;
broken merchant.

nan hullochi, na hullochi, vy. a i., to
fast, Matt. 9: 14; 6: 16.

nan ihma heto, a., impossible.

nan ihmahe keyu, a., fruitless.

nan ihmi, nanahmi (from nana and
mih), a., effectual; availing.

nan ihmi, n., cause; occasion; reason;
nan thmi fehna keyu.

nan ihmi, vy. n., to be effectual; to avail;
nan ihmahe keyu, it will avail nothing.

nan ihmi keyu, y. n., to avail nothing;
to be ineffectual,

harvest,

©

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

271

nan ihmichi, v. t., to cause to avail; to
render effectual.

nan i"hoa, n., a crier; a caller.

nan i"holissochi, n., a scribe, Matt. 2: 4.

nan itholitopa, a., close; tight; ungen-
erous; avaricious; stingy.

nan i“holitopa, y. n., to be close, tight,
or stingy.

nan iholitopa, n., a thing loved by
him; the object that is dear to him.

nan ithollo, a., close; tight; stingy.

nan ithollo, vy. n., to be close.

nan ithollo, n., the thing or object of
love.

nan ithoyat atya, v. t., to wait.

nan ithullochi, n., the accursed thing,
Vosley/s lel Mo:

nan ikahno, n., sangfroid.

nan ikahobo, n., nothing; a thing of no
value.

nan ikaialhpeso, n., evil, Matt. 7: 11.

nan i2kanimi, a., having some diffi-
culty; disease.

nan i2kanimi, y. n., to have some diffi-
culty, or something is the matter with
him.

nan i"kanimi, n., an ailment; a trouble;
a difficulty.

nan ikalhpeso, n., iniquity, Matt. 7: 23.

nan ikbi, n., a mechanic; a manutfac-
turer; a maker.

nen ikhana, nan ithana, n., a man of
information or knowledge; a philoso-
pher; a prophet; a seer; nan ikithano,
an ignorant person; an ignoramus.

nan ikhana, pp., instructed; educated.

nan ikhana, a., erudite.

nan ikhana ilahobbi, n., a quack; a
pedant.

nan ikhananchi, y. t., to educate.

nan ikhananchi, n., a teacher; an in-
structor; a preceptor; a tutor.

nan ikhana, n., a learner; a pupil; a
scholar; a disciple.

nan ikhana, n., education.

nan ikhanahe keyu, a., indocile.

nan ikimahobo, a., unconcern.

nan ikithano, n., an ignoramus.

nan ikithano, a., ignorant; unlearned.

nan ikmiho, a., uncomplaining; see na
miha iksho.

nan ilachifa, n., purification of one’s
self,

O72 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

nan ilahanchi, n., lucre.

nan ilahobbi, n., a hypocrite, Matt. 6: 2;
15: 7; 16:3; a pretender, Luke 6: 42;
hypocrisy, Mark 12: 15.

nan ilayak, n., treasure, Matt. 6: 19, 20.

nan ilhpak, n., food; victuals; meat,
John 4: 32.

nan ilhpita, n., a benefaction; a present;
the annuity received from the United
States.

nan ilimpa, n., food; victuals; sustenance;
aliment.

nan illasha, n., lamentation, Matt. 2: 18.

nan illi, n., a corpse; a dead body; a
carcass; any dead creature; carrion;
the relics; the remains of one dead;
death, Rom. 6: 28.

nan imabachi, n., a teacher; an instruc-
tor.

nan imahombiksho, adv., easily.

nan imaia®h, a., true to him; righteous
before him, Luke 1: 6.

nan i2miha, v. t., to caution; to advise.

nan itmiha, n., an adviser; a cautioner.

nan i2mihachi, v. t., to backbite him.

nan i2mihachi, n., a backbiter.

nan it?miya,n.,a councilor, Ezra 7: 14, 28.

nan imokpulo, n., adversity; harm.

nan imokpulot ilbasha, n., a calamity.

nan impa, n., food; an eater.

nan impota, n., a lender.

nan inla, n., a mystery; a vision; a
strange thing.

nan inlaua, a., rich; affluent; wealthy;
forehanded; opulent; strong.

nan inlaua, vy. t., to have an abundance.

nan inlaua, n., affluence; the rich; the
affluent; a fortune; a fullness; opulence;
riches, Matt. 13: 22; wealth.

nan inlauachi, y. t., to enrich; to in-
crease his substance.

nan i2nukhatklo, n., mercy, Matt. 9:

Srelloee le

nan ipetachi, n., a feast, Luke 2: 41.

nan isso, n., a striker; a smiter.

nan ishko, n., drink.

nan ishko, n., a drinker.

nan isht ahalaia, n., object of care, in-
terest, concern.

nan isht aholitopa,n., glory, Matt. 6: 29.

nan isht ahollo, nanisht ahullo, n., a
witch; a spirit; an invisible being; a
a supernatural being; a mammoth.

nan isht ahollo okpulo, nanisht ahullo
okpulo, n., Satan; the devil; the prince

[BULL. 46

of darkness; the old serpent; Abaddon;
Apollyon; Luke 4: 41; Matt. 4: 24; 7:
Popa tee Me, MALS Mey MAR PEO sal7/e Ife)

nan isht aia"h, n., power, Matt. 6: 13;
OENGe

nan isht aialhpesa, n., authority, Mark
11: 28, 29, 33.

nan isht aiibitabli, n., offences, Matt.
WS 0

nan isht aiithananchi, n., doctrine,
Matt. 16: 12.

nan isht aiokpachi, n., a present; a gift,
Matt. 5: 23; a token of respect; a means
of showing respect.

nan isht aiyukpa, n., a blessing, Josh.
8: 34.

nan isht aiyukpahe keyu, n., variety.

nan isht amiha, n., an apology; an ex-
cuse; a cavil; a pretext.

nan isht amiha inlaua, a., captious.

nan isht amiha inlaua, v. n., to be cap-
tious; to have excuses.

nan isht amihahe iksho, a., inexcusa-
ble. :

nan isht anta, n., business; employ-
ment; occupation.

nan isht anukha®klo, n., grief; cause of
sorrow.

nan isht apesa, n., a measure; a rule; a
yard; that with which anything is meas-
ured.

nan isht apesa imponna, n., an arti-
ficer; an artisan.

nan isht atokowa, n., asign, Matt. 12:
38, 39; 16: 1, 4; Josh. 4: 6; a testi-
mony, Josh. 4: 16.

nan isht alhpisa, n., a rule; a carpen-
ter’s square; a measure; a yard; a yard-
stick; a parable, Mark 12: 1; 13: 10, 53;
15: 15.

nan isht alhtokowa, n., a testimony,
Luke 5: 14.

nan isht atta, n., an agent; a transactor;
an actor; any one that is intrusted with
a particular business or.employment;
nan isht imatia, his agent.

nan isht atta, n., business; employment;
object of labor or care; a transaction;
nan isht imatta, his business.

nan isht atta ikimiksho, n., leisure.

nan isht atta imasha, a., busy.

nan isht atta inlaua, vy. n., to have
much business; to be busy.

BYINGTON]

nan isht atta inlauachi, v. t., to busy;
to furnish with much business.

nan isht boa, n., a maul; a pounder.

. nan isht fahammi, n., a sling.

nan isht fakuli, n., a wooden sling.

nan isht halalli, n., harness; gears; nan-
atanna isht halalli; itichanalli isht halalli.

nan isht hummachi, n., madder; red
dyestuff.

nan isht hu4sa, n., ammunition.

nan isht ikhana, n., a monument; a
token, Josh. 2:12.

nan isht ilaiyukpa, n., entertainment;
a feast; a feasting; dap nan isht ilai-
yukpa, n., self-interest.

nan isht ilakostininchi, n., conscience,
Corsi? Rome 2 5s

nan isht itatoba, n., a trader; an ex-
changer; changers of money, John 2:14.

nan isht itibbi, n., a weapon.

nan isht kasholichi, n., a mop; a wiper;
a brush.

nan isht kula, n., any instrument used
in digging; iti isht kula, a chisel; lukfi
isht kula, a spade.

nan isht laknachi, n., copperas; yellow
dyestuff.

nan isht lusachi, n., black dyestuff.

nan isht la™fi, n., a pencil; any instru-
ment for drawing lines or making
marks.

nan isht miha, v. a. i., to 11urmur; n.
a murmurer.

nan isht nukpallichi, n.,an incitement.

nan isht okchakuchi, n., indigo; blue
dyestuff.

nanisht okchalechi, n., a stimulus.

nan isht okchamalichi, n., indigo; blue
dyestuff; green dyestuff.

nan isht piha, nan isht peh, n., a
shovel; a scoop.

nan isht pila, n., asling; any instrument
by which things are thrown.

nan isht shatammichi, n., yeast.

nan isht shema, n., ornaments; accou-
trements; decoration.

nan isht takalamiksho, n., ease.

nan isht takalama,n., a hindrance; an
impediment; an obstruction; a diffi-
culty.

nan isht talakchi, n., astring; a band;
a bond; a tether.

?

nan isht tali, n., any instrument for

sharpening the end of a piece of wood.
84359°— Bull. 46—15-——_18

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 2

“I
ew)

nan isht tana, n., a shuttle.

nan isht to®ksali, n., a tool; an imple-
ment of work.

nan isht weki, n., a steelyard; a scale;
a balance, but generally used in the
plural number, as steelyards, ete., ex-
cept in the case of balance.

nan isht wekichi, n., a steelyard; a
scale; a balance.

nan italhkatta, n., a thing patched to-
gether; a pieced bed quilt; a quilt.

nan italhkatta ikbi, y. t., to quilt.

nan ithana, n., knowledge; wisdom,
Matt. 13: 54.

nan ithana, nan ikhana (q. v.), n.,a
man of information; a prophet, John
4: 8; the prudent, Matt. 11: 25; a prog-
nosticator; nan ikithano, n., a stock.

nan ithana ilahobbi, n., a quack; a
pedant.

nan ithana, n., a disciple, Matt. 10: 24,
25; see authana.

nan ithanachi, n., a teacher, John 3: 2;
amaster, Matt. 10: 24, 25; master, Matt.
12: 38:

nan ithananchi, n., a master; a teacher,
John 1: 38.

nan itimapesa, n., a covenant, Josh.
3: 3.

nan ittatoba, n., a trader; an exchanger;
a speculator; a storekeeper.

nan ittatoba kobafa, n., a bankrupt.

nan luma,n., a mystery; a secret.

nan lumbo, na lumbo, n., an orb; a
sphere.

nan lusa, n., black cloth; black stroud.

nan lusa chito, n., a bugbear; the
name of an imaginary being that is an
object of terror.

nan lusa isht tabashi, n., a weed;
mourning.

nan lusachi, n., blacking.

nan lushka, n., a joker.

nan mihiksho, ady., tamely.

nan nihi, n., seed, Matt. 13: 37.

nan nukha?®klo, n., a man of sorrow.

nan nukpalli, n., lust; temptation.

nan nukshopa, n., wild creatures; wild
beasts.

nan nusi, nan anusi (q. v.), a cry; the
last cry for the dead.

nan offo, n., vegetation.

nan okchako, n., blue stroud;
blanketing.

blue

274 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

nan okchalinchi, n., a deliverer; a
savior; na piokchalinchi, our savior.

nan okchaya, n., a living creature; a
creature.

nan okchaya keyu, a., inanimate.

nan okluha, n., all things, Luke 15: 31.

nan okpana hinla, a., harmful.

nan okpanahe keyu, a., harmless.

nan okpani, n., a destroyer.

nan okpulo, n., a bad thing; a bad crea-
ture; destruction; a detriment; a pest;
violence; an injury; evil, Matt. 6: 13;
9: 4,

nan okpulo anno, a., infamous..

nan tasembo, n., a wicked one, 1 John
3: 12.

nan tanna, n., a weaver; a clothier; a
knitter.

nan tanna, n., cloth, Matt. 9: 16; do-
mestic cloth; drapery; a fabric; stuff;
a web.

nan tanna aiapesa, n., acounter; a mer-
chant’s table.

nan tanna akashofichi, nan tanna
asukkochi, n., a fulling mill.

nan tanna aba takali, n., a curtain.

nan tanna bahta atoba, n., ticking.

nan tanna bakoa, n., large checked
cloth.

nan tanna basoa, n., checked cloth;
striped cloth.

nan tanna bonunta, n., a roll of cloth;
a bolt of cloth.

nan tanna holisso, n., checked cloth.

nan tanna isht alhpisa, n., a yardstick;
a measure for cloth.

nan tanna Kanchi, n., a draper; one who
sells cloth.

nan tanna kallo, n., linen cloth; hemp
cloth.

nan tanna na kallo, n., canvas; coarse
cloth.

nan tanna sukko, n., thick cloth; fulled
cloth; duck; osnaburg.

nan tanna sukko, pp., fulled.

nan tanna sukkuchi, v. t., to full cloth.

nan tanna sukkuchi, n., a fullerof cloth.

nan tanna shauiya, n., striped cloth.

nan tanna shukbo, n., duffel.

nan tanna tohbi, n., shirting; sheeting;
white cloth.

nan titeli, n., a driver; a drover (of a
number, of more than one).

[BULL. 46

nan til, n., a hewer; a marker of trees.

nan tishepa, red broadcloth; red stroud.

nan toba, pp., begotten, 1 John 5: 1.

nan tobachi, n., the maker; the one who
begets; see 1 John 4: 1.

nan tohbi, n., white stroud; white blank-
eting.

nan tohno, n., a hirer; a contractor; an
instigator; nan pitohno, our hirer, John
1: 22.

nan tohnochi, n., an instigator; one
that excites a quarrel.

nan toksali, n., work; labor; employ-
ment; nan toksali chimasha? have you
any work?

nan toksali chipinta, n., chores.

nan toshbi, n., goods that perish; per-
ishable things; rubbish; rotten things.

nan wha, a., all; everyone.

nan utha (from nan and wha); v. n., to
be all.

nan umachi, vy. t., to defame; to slander;
to talk about absent persons.

nan umachi, n., a defamer; a slanderer.

nan umachi, a., slanderous.

nan umanchi, n. f., as; isht nan wmachi,
vy. t., to slander.

nan umanchi (compounded of nan, om,
and achi, to say things on anyone), n.,
defamation.

nana, vy. a. i., nanakmat, Acts 5: 8; nana
kat, Serip. Biog. Abraham and Lot, p.
29; nanat and nana cha filemat, she did
something and turned; iknano ka hia,
Matt. 24: 20; enana, 1 Cor. 15: 11.

nana, rel. pro.; nana ka, what, Matt.
10:27; whichever; nana petinchi, them;
nana hon itih, Matt. 18: 16; nana akan-
chi, ‘‘them that sold,’’ Matt. 21: 12.

nana, n., a thing; a matter; a concern;
a case; a cause; a fact; a subject; a
substance; an affair; an article; stuff;
materials; an event; an object; sub-
stance; a topic; nanna, intensive form;
nana ho, a thing; anything; something;
nana hon, what, Matt 10:19; 12:7; 15:4,
nana hosh, anything in general; what-
ever; but nana kosh is definite; nana
kakosh, demonstrative; nana makosh,
which of the things; nana, used as
intensive, as hatak nana hosh; see hatak
nana hosh Chihowa nitak nan ash, John
Lsaaltge

a, a ee EEE

BYINGTON]

nana, n., stroud; coarse woolen broad-
cloth.

nana echukma; nana ikachukmo, n., a
vice.

. nana ahaksichi, n., a pardoner.

nana aia®h, n., a reality.

nana aiasha, n., a lumber room.

nana aiibetabli, n., an offence, Matt.
USTs

nana aiikhana, n., a school; a place of
obtaining knowledge.

nana aiisht ilaiyukpa, n., pleasure.

nana aiisht imateka, n., peril.

nana aiithana, n., a scholar; a pupil;
nana imatithana, his disciples, John
D2 48;

nana aiittatoba, n., a trading-house; a
storehouse; a market.

nana aiyimmika, n., religion.

nana akaniohmi, n., conduct; see nana
kaniohmi.

nana atoba, n., a manufactory.

nana alhpisa, n., a covenant; an agree-
ment; a thing agreed upon; a com-
mandment, Matt. 15: 6,9; a tradition,
Matt. 15: 6; nan alhpisa, Matt. 15: 3.

nana alhto keyu, n., emptiness.

nana alhto keyu, a., empty.

nana fehna, a., important.

nana fehna, n.,a reality; the very thing;
the thing itself; importance; stress.

nana fehna keyu, a., immaterial.

nana haleli, n., infection.

nana hat, that which, Matt. 15: 11.

nana ho®, whatsoever, Matt. 16: 19;
that; hatak nana hor, that man, Matt.
IS Fs

nana holhtina, n., mathematics; things
enumerated.

nana hosh, anything, Matt. 17: 20.

nana hu®wa, n., a smell; a scent.

nana ikachukmo, n., an evil thing.

nana i®kaniohmi chito, okla nana
i2kaniohmi chito, n., a revolution.

nana iksho, a., vacant.

nana imabachi, n., a teacher; an in-
structor.

nana imila"yak, n., goods; treasures,
Matt. 2: 11.

nana inla yimmi, n., a proselyte.

nana inla yimmihechi, y. t., to prose-
lyte.

nana iskitinusi, n., a mite; a mote; a
trifle.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

275

nana isht apesa, n., a rule; a parable,
Luke 6: 39.

nana isht atta, n., employ; employ-
ment.

nana isht ilaiyukpa, n., consolation.

nana isht miha shah, n., a repiner.

nana itaiyuma, n., a mixture.

nana itatoba, n., a salesman.

nana ithana, n., a disciple, Luke 6: 40.

nana ka, n., a thing, John 4: 22.

nana kanihchi, y. t., to do something
with; to treat; to use; to manage; to
punish.

nana kanihmi, n., an occurrence; an
event.

nana kaniohmi, pp., punished.

nana kaniohmi, nana akaniohmi, n.,
a ceremony; conduct; a deed; news;
performance.

nana kaniohmi iksho, a., unharmed.

nana kashofa, nana kashoffi, n., a.,
pardon.

nana keyu, n., nothing; not anything;
vanity.

nana kia, n., anything; something; even
a thing; whatsoever thing; whatever;
whatsoever; nothing, with a neg. verb,
Luke 4: 34; 5: 5; hatak nana kia, any
man, Matt. 11: 27; 16: 20; iknana kia,
although it may be so; even let it be so;
nana kat, a thing, Matt. 10: 26; 15: 11;
Josh. 1: 8.

nana lua hinla,n., a combustible; some-
thing that will burn.

nana luma, a., private.

nana moma, n., all things; everything;
nature; all nature.

nana moma i®shah, a., highest; supe-
rior to all things.

nana moma i®shah, v. n., to be highest.

nana moma i®shah, n., the highest,
Luke 2:14; The Most High.

nana okcha"ya, n., a living thing; a liy-
ing creature; life, John 1: 4.

nana pi¥sa, n., a witness; an evidence;
an eyewitness.

nana silhha, n., a beggar; a supplicant;
an applicant; a petitioner; a suppliant;
a vagrant.

nana tanna, n., a loom.

nana toba, n., a fabric.

nana toba puta, n., the universe; all
created things.

nana waya, n., fruit, Josh. 5: 12,

276 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

mana wehpoa, n., plunder; articles
taken by violence, as booty, spoils, ete.

nana yamohmi, n., an instance.

nana yoshoba isht nukhaklo, a., re-
pentant.

nana yuhmahe alhpesa, a., essential.

nana yukpa, n., life; happiness, in a
theological sense.

nana yuwala, n., obscenity.

nanak, to say the thing.

nanabli, vy. a. i., v. t., to swallow; to en-
glut; to engorge; to glut; to gobble; to
gorge; to sup; to take.

nanabli, n., a swallow; as much as is
swallowed at once; a glut.

nanabli, n., deglutition; the act of swal-
lowing.

nanabli achafa, n., a draught; a single
swallow; a dram.

nanabli iklanna, n., half a swallow;
hali a dram.

nanablichi, y. t., to cause to swallow; to
make another swallow; to drench.

nanablichi, n., a drencher.

nanih; see nantih, katih, and kanih; simi-
lar to h and mih; he, she, or it is;
nantih, nanih, are used of things.

nanta, any one; any thing; nanta hosh
anumpula wa.

nanta, n., a thing; what; who; which—
nanta fehna ikachukmo kat lappa chiyuh-
mawa; nanta akon, Matt. 16: 26—nanta
chin cho? what shallit be? Matt. 11: 3—
nanta hako—nanta hakosh—nanta hon,
what? Matt. 11: 7, 8—nanta hocha—
nanta hona—nanta hosh, nantash, what;
Ch. Bk., p. 120, sec. 8—nanta hot—nanta
katimi—nanta katimiho, how is it, John
4: 9; what, why, Luke 5: 22; 6: 41—
nanta katiohni—nanta katiohmiho, why
then; why, John 1: 25; Matt. 7: 3; 14:31;
15: 2; 2 Sam. 24: 3; wherefore, Josh.
7: 7—nanta katiohmiho ahni, v. a. i., to
wonder, John 4: 27—nanta kaheto—
nanta kawa, v. a. i., it can not be other-
wise; to be without any alternative,
nantak, from nanta+k, what the, Matt.
6: 31. nantak on, what is it, in the obj.
case; whereunto, Matt. 11:16. nanta
kocha—nanta kona—nanta kosh, what is
it, in the nom. case—nanta makon,
wherewith—nanta makocha—nanta ma-
kona—nanta makosh.

[BULL. 46

nantapaski, n., a handkerchief; thin
cloth; calico. [This is probably from
nantanna tapaski meaning thin cloth,
nantanna itself being compounded of
nana, something, and tanna, woven.—
jc By seals ey

nantapaski anchi, n., a shawl.

nantapaski chito, n., a shawl.

nantapaski ialtipa, n., a kerchief; a
turban.

nantapaski inuchi, n., a cravat.

nantami, nantihmi, (from nanta and
mih), why, Luke 6: 2; what for; what?

nantih, see nanih.

nantih maheto, a., impossible.

nantih maheto, v. n., to be impossible.

nantihmi, nantahmi (from nanta and
mih), v.a.i., v. n., how is it? Luke 2:49.

nantihmi, what?

nantimiho, wherefore.

nantukachi, (from nanta, ka and achi),
vy. t., to say, see Child’s Catechism,
question 11, nantukachi hon? see John
7:26, nanok ikimachoshke.

nanuka, nanaka®, nanoka, vy. a. i., to
say; to advise; to speak something de-
signed for good; chi?tmanuka sabanna;
nanok ikimachoshke, see John 7: 26;
nantukachi, derived from nana thing,
ka which, and a, to say.

nanukachi (from nana, ka, and achi), v.
a.1., tosay things; to counsel; to advise;
to rail, 2 Chron. 32: 17; nan ukahan-
chi, John 9: 22; nan imokahanchi, Rev.
3213:

na®pafi, see panfi.

nashoba, n., a wolf; nashoba isikopa, ray-
ening wolves, Matt. 7: 15.

nashoba hila, n., the name of a dance.

nashoba iklanna, n., a demiwolf; a
half wolf; a wolf dog.

nashoba inchuka, n., a pen or trap
made for catching wolves.

nashoba nakni, n., a he wolf.

nashoba tek, n., a she wolf; a bitch.

nashobushi, n., a young wolf; a whelp.

nasholichi, v. t., to destroy, 2 Sam. 22:
38.

nashuka, n., the face, Matt. 6: 16, 17;
17: 2; countenance; aspect; the visage;
the looks; the head; A”ki aba binili ka
nashuka ya", the face of my Father
which is in heaven, Matt. 18: 10.

ee ee a

BYINGTON]

nashuka bieka, a., barefaced; having a
naked face.

nashuka bieka, vy. n., to be barefaced.

nashuka hata, a., palefaced.

nashuka hita, y. n., to be palefaced.

nashuka humma, n., a red face.

nashuka hummat ont taha, v. a. i., to
blush.

nashuka isht kasholichi, n., a towel.

nashuka isht umpoholmo, n., a veil,
Gen. 24: 65.

nashuka okpulo, n., a grimace.

nashuka tuklo, a., doublefaced.

nalap, n., the swallow.

nali, n., the back, Josh. 7: 8; hatak nali,
bashpo nali, holisso nali.

nali foni, n., the backbone; the chine;
the spine.

nali foni aiitachaka, n., the vertebre.

nali foni lupi, n., the spinal marrow.

nali hishi, n., a bristle; bristles.

nali nipi, n., a sirloin.

nalli, y.a.i. pl., to swallow; to booze; to
gulp; to guzzle.

nalli, n. pl., swallows; drams.

nalli, n., deglutition.

nallichi, y. t. pl., to make others swal-
low; to drench.

nala, pp., wounded; shot; stung; iknato,
a., unshot; unwounded.

nata hinla, a., vulnerable.

nati, y. t., to wound; to sting; to shoot;
to smite, as the heart, 2 Sam. 24: 10.

nah, n., a sting.

nah, n., a wounder.

nahchi, y. t., to cause to wound; to
wound.

nan aiokweli, n., a fishery; a fishing-
place.

nan isht albi, nani isht albi, n., a fish-
hook, Matt. 17: 27; aseine.

nan isht okwia, n., a fishhook; a seine.

nan okweli, v. t., to angle; to fish.

nan okweli, n., an angler; a fisher; a
fisherman.

nan okweli, n., a fishery.

nan ushi, n., the spawn of fish; young
fish.

nanabi, n., a fisher; a fisherman, Luke
be 2.

nanalbi, n., a fish trap.

nanapa, n., a watersnake; a fish eater.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

277

nani, n., a fish, Matt. 14: 17; 17: 27; nani
yor, a fish; Matt. 7: 10.

nani basa, n., a perch.

nani chapka, n., a cockroach.

nani chito, n., a great fish; a whale,
Matt. 12:40; a shark.

nani hakshup, n., a fish scale; fish
scales.

nani hokli, y. t., to angle; to catch fish.

nani hokli, n., an angler; a fisherman,
Matt. 4: 18.

nani humma, n., a red fish.

naniintali hata, n., the white shining
part of the belly of a fish.

nani isht hokli, nan isht hokli, n., a
fish net, Matt. 4:18; 13:47; a fish trap;
a fish pot; a fish basket; a seine; a
fishhook.

nani itakha, n., fish gills.

nani kallo, n., the garfish; a haniger.

nani patassa, n., a flat fish.

nani shupik, n., a kind of trout.

nanih, n., (nani, a fish), a hill; an emi-
nence; a mount; a height; a mound; a
mountain, Josh. 2: 16, 22; 8: 30.

nanih aiali, n., the brow of a hill; the
edge of a hill, Luke 4: 29.

nanih akkia, n., the pitch of a hill; the
descent of a hill.

nanih bunto, n., around hill; a mound;
a mount.

nanih chaha, n.,a high hill; a mountain;
a mount, Matt. 5: 1; Matt. 14: 23;
nanith chaha ya", the mountain, Matt.
8: 1; 15: 29; Luke 4: 5; nanih chaha
puta ka, mountains, Luke 23: 30; nanih
chipunta yan, hills.

nanih chakpaka, n., down hill; a hill-
side.

nanih chakpataka, n., the side of a hill.

nanih chakpatalika, n., the side of a
hill.

nanih foka,a., hilly; into the mountains,
Matt. 18: 12.

nanih foka, n., hills; highland; upland.

nanih lua, n., a burning mountain.

nanih paknaka, n., the top of a hill; the
crown of a hill.

nanih tashaiyi, n., an island.

naniyi, n., the fins of a fish; a fin.

nek, part., like kamo; see lek.

278

nia, a., fat; adipose; corpulent; fleshy;
gross; fatty; full; pudgy; squab; unctu-
ous; lukfi nia, unctuous clay.

nia, pp., fattened; fleshed; larded; tal-
lowed.

nia, v. n., to be fat; niat taiyaha, waxed
fat, Matt. 13: 10.

nia, v. a. i., to fat.

nia, n., fatness; the fat; the hard fat of
animals; grossness.

nia chapka, n., a cockroach; see bila
chapka.

niachi, v. t., to fat; to fatten; to batten;
to feed; to lard; to tallow; hashileniachi,
1 Sam. 2:29.

niachi, n., a fattener.

niashmo, a., adhesive; v. n., to be adhe-
sive.

niat isht ia, v. a. i., to fat; to fatten; to
batten; to grow fat.

nibli, v. t. pl., to take off the limbs of a
tree or of a body; to dismember; to
dissect; to joint; to limb.

nibli, n., one who severs limbs from the
main trunk.

nietak, see nitak.

niha, nihi (q. v.), pp., thrashed; ginned
(seed taken from the stalk, ete.).

niheli, nihelichi, nihechi, vy. t., to thrash
out seed; to pick out seed; to gin; to
thrash; onush a” nihelichi, to thresh
wheat; ponola yan nihelichi, to gin cot-
ton.

nihelichi, n., a thrasher.

nihi, n., seed, Matt. 17: 20; a kernel; a
grain; anit, as isap nihi; a bore, cali-
ber; the core; a corn; the head of
onush; na nihi, seeds, Matt. 18: 4.

nihi, pp., thrashed; shelled; ginned;
niheli, v. t.

nihi aholokchi aiona, n., seedtime.

nihi chitofa, vy. a. i, toseed; to shed the
seed.

nihi fimmi, v. t., to seed.

nihi laua, a., seedy.

nihi toba, vy. a. i., to seed; to grow to ma-
turity so as to produce seed.

ninak, n., night.

ninak aiatta, n., a birth night.

ninak ash, n., yesternight.

ninak aba pit anumpuli, n., a vigil.

ninak foka, a.. nocturnal; in the night.

ninak foka, vy. n., to be nocturnal.

ninak ialipa, n., a nightcap.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

ninak iklanna, n., midnight; half of
the night.

ninak impa, n., supper.

ninak impa impa, y. a. i., to sup.

ninak luak, n., night fire.

ninak okhili, n., night darkness; ninak
oktili kamak at kania, Egyptian darkness.

ninak palali, n., night fire.

ninak tasembo, n., a night walker;
night craziness.

nip illit shua, vy. a. i., to mortify.

nip illit shua, pp., mortified.

nip illit shua, n., mortification.

nip illit shuachi, y. t., to mortify; to
cause mortification.

nipa, pp. pl., stripped of limbs; dismem-
bered; dissected; ninipaha, to rend in
pieces, Gen. 37: 33.—this should be
nipa, pass. of nibli; nibli, v. t.

nipa, n., limbs stripped off or cut off;
jointed.

nipafa, pp. sing., stripped of limbs; cut
off; jointed; nipaffi, v. t.

nipafa, n., a limb cut off.

nipaialhpusha, n., a gridiron; the place
where meat is roasted or broiled.

nipali, pp. pl., stripped off; taken off;
jointed; nipafkachi, pp. pl.

nipatichi, y. t. pl., to take off; to strip
off; to cut off limbs from a tree or a
body.

nipauashli, v. t., to fricassee; to fry meat.

nipaffi, v. t. sing., to take off a limb;
to joint.

nipalwasha, see nipi alwasha.

nipasha, n., a roasting ear; as tanch ni-
pasha.

nipashi, vy. a. i., to become a roasting
ear; to grow to the state of roasting
ears.

nipi, n., meat; flesh; a kernel; lean;
leanness; pulp, Matt. 16: 17.

nipi abashli, n., a meat bench.

nipi achukma, n., hardy;
hearty; hale.

nipi ahoni, n., a vessel used for cooking
meat. ;

nipi aialhto, n., a meat barrel; a meat

_ trough or bin, or any place of deposit
for meat.

nipi aiittatoba, n., the shambles; a
flesh market.

nipi alhpusha, n., broiled meat; roasted
meat.

healthy;

BYINGTON])

nipi alwasha, nipalwasha, n., fried
meat; a fricassee.

nipi baha, pp., meat beaten up in a mor-
tar.

nipi baha shila, n., sausage meat.

nipi bah, v. t., to beat up meat in a
mortar; to beat up sausage meat.

nipi bano, a., naked; naked flesh.

nipi bano, vy. n., to be naked.

nipi banuchi, v. t., to strip naked.

nipi bashli, n., a butcher.

nipi honni, n., cooked meat;
meat; boiled meat.

nipi humma, n., a mulatto.

nipi ikinchukmo, a., unwell.

nipi illi, nipilli, n., dead flesh; gan-
grene.

nipiisht cha®ya, n., a chopping knife;
a meat knife or ax.

nipiisht kapash, n., flesh tongs made
of cane.

nipi isht kafa, n., flesh tongs.

nipi kallo, a., able bodied; athletic.

nipi kallo, y. n., to be able bodied.

nipi lua, a., having the flesh burnt.

nipi lua, v. n., to have the flesh burnt;
to burn, as a fever.

nipi lua, n., burning flesh; a fever.

nipi tabocha, n., boiled meat; meat
cooked in boiling water.

nipi okchatki, n., fresh meat.

nipi okcha®ki tushah, n., a steak; slices
of fresh meat.

nipi shila, n., dried meat; cured meat;
dry flesh.

nipi shua, n., carrion; putrid flesh; rot-
ten meat; mortification; gangrene.

nipi shua, pp., mortified.

nipi shulla, n., perished flesh; withered
flesh; dried flesh, applied to describe
diseases in the flesh.

nipi tushafa, n. sing., a piece of meat; a
slice of meat; a rasher.

nipi tushafa pasa, n., a rasher.

stewed

nipi tushah, n. pl., slices of meat.

nipi wannichi, n., horror.

nipinchuka, n., a meat house.

nishkin, n., the eye, Matt. 18:9; the eye-
ball; the core of a boil; the sight;
view; ishitibapishi nishkin, and chinish-
kin, Matt. 6: 22; 7: 3, 4; 18: 15; chinish-
kin Matt. 18: 9.

nishkin achafa, a., one-eyed.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

279

nishkin aheli chiluk, n. pl., sockets of
the eye.

nishkin ahika chiluk, n. sing., a socket
of the eye.

nishkin alata, n., spectacles.

nishkin alata a™sha, pp., spectacled.

nishkin ali, n., the corner of the eye; the
edges of the eye.

nishkin hakshup, n., the eyelid.

nishkin halupa, a., eagle-eyed; quick-
sighted; sharp-sighted.

nishkin halupa, n., a keen eye; a sharp,
eye.

nishkin hata, n., a light-colored eye.

nishkin ikhalupo, a., short-sighted.

nishkin imalikchi, n., an oculist.

nishkin imikhi¥sh, n., eye salve; eye
water.

nishkin itasunali, n., cross-eyes; a.,
cross-eyed; goggle-eyed.

nishkin itiopitama, n., cross-eyes; a.,
cross-eyed.

nishkin kala, n., a perished eye.

nishkin kania, a., sightless.

nishkin kucha, pp., gouged.

nishkin kuchi, v. t., to gouge.

nishkin lapa, n., blindness; a blind eye.

nishkin lapa, a., blind.

nishkin lapa, v. n., to be blind.

nishkin lapa ammona, a., purblind;
partially blind.

nishkin lapachi, v. t., to blind; to make
blind.

nishkin lapat kania, a., stone-blind;
entirely blind.

nishkin luhmi, y. t., to blindfold.

nishkin luma, pp., blindfolded.

nishkin lusa, n., a black eye; a., black
eyed.

nishkin mochukli, n., the winking of
the eye; the winking of an eye.

nishkin nihi, n., the pupil of the eye;
the sight of the eye; eyesight.

nishkin nukbila®kchi, n., the flesh in
the corner of the eye.

nishkin okchi, n., a tear; tears.

nishkin okchi, vy. a. i., to weep; to shed
tears.

nishkin okchi minti, y. a. i., to weep
(lit., the tears come).

nishkin okchiyanalli, n., a weeping.

nishkin okchiyanalli, y. a. i., to flow,
as tears; the tears flow.

nishkin okhaiyanli, n., cross-eyes,

280 BUREAU

nishkin okpani, vy. t., to destroy the eye;
to blind; to deprive of sight.

nishkin okpulo, n., a bad eye; a ruined
eye.

nishkin oktalonli, n., a blear eye.

nishkin oktalonli, a., blear-eyed; wall-
eyed; blind eyed.

nishkin okwalonli, a., wall-eyed.

nishkin shamba, n., a perished eye.

nishkin shanaiya, a., cross-eyed; squint-
eyed.

nishkin shanaiya, n., cross-eyes.

nishkin shilithchi, nishkin shili®kchi,
n., the eyelash.

nishkin shilithchi hakshup, n., the
eyelid.

nishkin tamoa,a., blind; having ablind-
ness in both eyes.

nishkin tamoa, y. n., to be blind in
both eyes.

nishkin tanla, n., an eye covered with
a film, but not destroyed.

nishkin talhha, n., a cataract; a film
over the pupil of the eye.

nishkin tamp, n., an evil eye.

nishkin toba, n., a bubble.

nishkin toba, y.a.i., to bubble; to form
a bubble.

nishkin tohbi, n., a dim eye; dimness
of eyesight; Isaac nishkin at tohbit taha
hatokosh ushi a” achukmat ikithanokitok.

nishkin tohbichi, vy. t., to make the
eye dim.

nishkin wishakchi, n.,
the eye.

nishkoba, see nushkoba.

nita, n., a bear.

nita bila, n., bear’s oil.

nita hakshup, nitakshup, n., a bear-
skin; a bear’s hide.

nita i2pisa, n., name of a strong, tough,
green grass, similar to bisakchula.

nita nia, n., bear’s fat; bear fat.

nita nipi, n., bear meat.

nita peli, n., a bear’s nest.

nita tohbi, n., a white bear.

nitak, nittak, nietak, n., a day; day,
Matt. 7: 22510; 23.245 25 Josh. 5211!
light; from sunrise to sundown; day-
time; a time, Matt. 3: 1; a season; a
date, Matt. 12: 1; a term; na pehna
holokchi nitak, seedtime.

nitak, a., temporal.

the corner of

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

nitak achafa ninak achafa, n., one day
of twenty-four hours.

nitak achafa to"ksali, n., a day’s work.

nitak aialhtoba, nitak aialhtoba hin-
la, n., pay day.

nitak aiatta, n., a birthday.

nitak aiitauaya, n., a wedding day.

nitak atukma, adv., daily.

nitak atukma, a., diurnal.

nitak alhpisa, n., a period; measured
or appointed days.

nitak chakpa, midst of days.

nitak echi, v. a. i., to begin, as a day;
the day begins.

nitak echi, n., the commencement of
the day; the forepart of the day; the
name of a chief in Pushimataha dis-
trict who died in the old nation.

nitak himmak pilla ma, n., futurity.

‘ nitak holhtina takaili, pp., dated.

nitak holhtina takalichi, v./., to date.

nitak holhtina to®ksali, n., day’s labor.

nitak holisso pisa, n., a school day.

nitak hollo, n., the Sabbath day; also a
holy day; a week; Sunday, Matt. 12: 8.

nitak hollo achafakma, ady., weekly.

nitak hollo chito, n., Christmas; the
great holy day.

nitak hollo ikimiksho, a., sabbathless.

nitak hollo kobaffi, n., a Sabbath
breaker.

nitak hollo nakfish, n., Saturday.

nitak hollo nitak, n., the Sabbath day;
nitak hullo nitak a”, the Sabbath days;
nitak hullo nitak om, the Sabbath day,
Ihuke'4: 163 Matt. 122 1510; di 2:

nitak hollo tuklo, n., a fortnight; two
weeks; two Sabbaths.

nitak hollotuk i"misha, n., Tuesday.

nitak hollotuk onna, n., Monday.

nitak i®falaia, a., longlived.

nitak iki®falaio, a., shortlived.

nitak iklanna, n., midday; halfa day.

nitak ilaualli, n., a holy day; a play day.

nitak inla, n., a week day.

nitak isht yopomo, vy. t., to while; to
waste time.

nitak kaniohmi kia, any day; any
time, Matt. 13: 15; Josh. 6: 10.

nitak moma, a., every day; n., all days;
ever.

nitak moma, ady., daily.

nitak moma holisso, n., a journal.

BYINGTON]

nitak nana, any day, Matt. 7: 23; with
a neg., never; no day; nitak nana taha
himma keyu.

nitak nana alhpisa chito, n., dooms-
day; judgment day; the day of judg-
ment.

nitak nanta, never; nitak nanta fena
akon ont hokofa wa.

nitak omi, n., moonlight; moonshine.

nitak taha, v. a. i., to expire.

nitak titkba, a., ancient; of old; adv.,
anciently; primitive; of old time, Matt.
5:21.

nitak ti"kba, v. n., to be ancient.

nitak titkba, n., antiquity; ancient days;
former days or times.

nitak titkba minti, n., the future.

nitak titkbahe, hereafter (day that will
be first).

nitak tohwikeli, n., dawn; daylight.

nitak totksali, n., a working day.

nitak untuklo, n., seven night.

nita"ki, a., mild; pleasant; good; season-
able; ady., timely.

nita"ki, vy. n., to be mild.

nita™ki, ady., in time; in season; while
it is day; nitaki ona sabanna or ikopi-
ako ona sabanna.

nita"ki, n., light, John 1: 5.

nitakshup, see nita hakshup.

nittak, see nitak.

nitushi, n., a young bear; a cub.

no, a rel. pro., or part. cont. from ano
(q. v.); nan aiokchayano, Luke 2: 30.

no, art. cont. from ano; often suffixed
to ka, hoka, ete.

Nofimba, n., November.

nolichi, v. t. pl., to trim off small limbs
or leaves.

noshkobo, see nushkobo.

noshkoboka, n., head of, Josh. 11: 10;
see nushkobo.

nota, see nuta.

noti, n., a tooth; a grinder; teeth; a tusk;
notima, teethalso, Matt. 8: 12;noti aham-
pa, gnashing of teeth, Matt. 13: 42, 50.

noti bolukta, noti polukta, n., a double
tooth.

noti chukbi, n., a corner tooth; a grinder.

noti hotupa, n., toothache.

noti ibish, n., a foretooth; a front tooth.

noti isht impa, n., a grinder.

noti isht itibi, n.,a fang; a tusk; the eye-
tooth; the dogtooth; the cheek tooth.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 281

notiisht kasholichi, n., a toothbrush.

noti isht shinli, n., a toothpick.

noti itabalakchi, n., the gum of the
teeth.

noti italbakchi, n., the gum of the teeth.

noti italbakchi chito, n., the lampas.

noti itikiselichi, y. t., to grind the teeth;

to grate the teeth; to gnash the teeth to-
gether.

noti nukbala®kchi, n., the gum of the

. teeth.

noti offo, y. a. i., to teethe.

noti pokta, n., adouble tooth; a grinder.

noti polukta, noti bolukta,n., a double
tooth.

noti shakaya, n., a tooth edge.

noti tikba, n.,a foretooth; a front tooth.

nowa, vy. a. i., to walk; to travel, Josh.
9: 13; to go; to journey; to move; to
pace; tostalk; to tramp; to tread; anowa,
Matt. 14: 29; itanowa,to travel together,
Matt. 2: 2; 6: 26; 10: 7; imnowa, to visit
him, her, or them; to see him, ete. ;
ohoyo i™nowa, to visit a lady, i. e., to
court; to pay attention to a lady; akka
nowa, to travel on foot; i@nowa n., a
visit; iknowo a., untraveled; anowa, n.,
the place to walk.

nowa,n., a walk; a walker; a traveler;
a gait; a journey; a march; a pace; a
ramble; a travel; a tread; a walking.

nowa palhki, y. a. i., to trip.

nowa shah, n., a rambler; a., restless.

nowachi, y. t., to walk; to cause to walk,

nowat aya, v. a.i., to travel; to jaunt;
to journey; to be walking, anowat anya,
Matt. 14: 25; anohonwat anya, Matt.
14: 26; anowat manyat, Matt. 14: 28.

nowat atya, n., a journey; a pilgrimage.

nowat atya, a., wayfaring.

nowat atya, n., a traveler; a guest; a
passenger.

nowat falama, n., a jaunt.

nowat fullokahanchi, y. t., to itinerate.

nowat fullokahanchi, n., an itinerant.

nowat fullota, vy. a.i., to jaunt; to travel
about.

nowat fullota, n., a jaunt; the person
who jaunts; a tourist; a tour.

nowat itanaha, n., a levee.

nuchi, n., milk weed; flax; nuchi api,
Josh. 2: 6.

nukbepa, a., breathless.

989 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

—

nukbepa, pp., stunned by a blow on the
trunk or chest.

nukbepa, n., the state of one stunned.

nukbepli, v. t. sing., tostun; to strike the
breast, or chest, so as to deprive of
breath for a season.

nukbeplichi, v. t., to cause to stun.

nukbepoa, a. pl., breathless.

nukbepoa, pp., stunned.

nukbepuli, v. t. pl., to stun; to smite the
chest, so as to deprive of breath for a
season.

nukbikili, y. a. i., to stifle; to lodge and
press, in the throat, as some kinds of
food.

nukbimikachi, v. a. i., to palpitate.

nukbimikachi, n., a palpitation.

nukbimimkachi, vy. a. i., to palpitate. ©

nukchinto, v. a. i., to keep silence, Luke
4: 35; 18: 39; to forbear; nukchintoli, I
keep silence.

nukchinto, a., silent.

nukfichoa, chukfikoa, n., hiccough;
hickup.

nukfichoa, nukfichowa, vy. a. i., to
hickup.

nukficholi, v. a. i., to hickup.

nukficholi, n., the hickups; hiccough or
hickup.

nukficholichi, y. t., to cause one to
hickup.

nukfoka, vy. a. i., v. t., to embrace; to
comprehend; to understand or to be
imbued with knowledge; to hear; to
imbibe; to occur; to receive; to have,
as faith, Matt. 17: 20; chimanumpa ha-
sanukfokat tahashke, chinukfoka himma
keyu, said to an obstinate child; nuk-
forka, nas. form; nukfoyuka, pro. form.

nukfoka, a., pp., instructed; made to un-
derstand; inspired; principled; received;
nukfoyuko, pro. form.

nukfokachi, y. t., to instruct; to cause to
understand.

nukfokechi, nukfokichi, y. t., to give
knowledge; to cause to be established
in the knowledge of anything; to in-
spire; to principle; prolonged form,
nukfokihinchi; aba anumpa han ishpi-
nukfokihinchashke, wilt thou establish
us in the gospel?

nukfoki, v. t., to give knowledge; to estab-
lish in the knowledge of anything; aba
anumpa nukfoki, to establish in the

[BULL, 46

knowledge of the gospel; to inspire; to
put into the mind; to move one to do
or say, Josh. 15: 18.

nukfoki, n., a teacher.

nukfokichi, n., one who instructs or im-
parts knowledge; a teacher.

nukfokichi, n., inspiration.

nukha"klo, n., a deplorer; a dump.

nukha®klo, n., sorrow; grief; bowels,
as used in the scriptures; compassion;
dolor; gloom; lamentation; lenity;
melancholy; plaint; regret; remorse;
tenderness; pity; isht imnukhavklo, n.,
his mercies, 2 Sam. 24: 14.

nukha®klo, pp., deplored; grieved; hum-
bled; melted, as the heart with sor-
row or compassion; ikitnukhanklo, a.,
unpitied.

nukha"klo, a., sorry; sorrowful; pitiful;
merciful; broken in heart, Luke 4: 18;
contrite; aggrieved; afHicted; compas-
sionate; dull; doleful; dolorous; griey-
ous; heavy; humane; humble; merci-
ful; pitiful; plaintive; propitious; re-
pentant; rueful; sad; spleeny; tender;
tragical; imnukhaklahe alhpesa, lament-
able; pitiable; iknukhanklo, a., unre-
pentant.

nukha®klo, vy. n., to be sorry or sorrow-
ful; to be aggrieved, Matt. 17: 23.

nukhatklo, v. a. i., v. t., to feel sor-
row; to exercise compassion; to com-
miserate; to sorrow; to spare; to yearn;
to be sorry, Matt. 14: 9; to bewail; to
lament; to mourn; to compassionate; to
deplore; to moan; to repent; to wail;
isht nukhavklo, v. t., to lament; to re-
gret; to weep; to sigh; to mourn for;
imukhanrkloli, insanukhanklo; itinnnuk-
hanrklo, to pity each other; imnukhank-
lo, to pity; to be moved with compas-
sion, Matt. 14: 14; ibanukhanklo, v.a.i.,
to sympathize with; to sympathize;
ibanukhanklo, a., sympathetic; ibanuk-
hanklo, n., sympathy.

nukha®klo atopa, n., heart-break; over-
much sorrow.

nukha?klo chito, a., woful.

nukha®klo iksho, a., hard hearted;
without pity; merciless; ruthless; say-
age; unrelenting; unsparing; i”nukhan-
klo iksho, a., unmerciful.

nukha®klochi, vy. t., to grieve; to af-
flict; to deject; to depress; to humble;

——

al tea ial

BYINGTON]

to melt, as the heart; chunkash nuk-
harklochi, to sadden; to touch.

nukha"klot na®hullochi, v. a. i., to fast
religiously, Matt. 9: 14, 15.

nukhama, y. a.i., to be in pain.

nukhamachi, vy. t. caus., to cause pain.

nukhammi, a., painful; aching; severe;
sharp.

nukhammi, vy. n., to be painful; to ache;
y. a. i, to struggle; to throe; sanuk-
hammi, I am pained, nukhahammi, to
have bitterness of spirit, | Sam. 1: 10.

nukhammi, nukhami, n., pain; misery;
distress; agony; a throe; torture; un-
easiness; ‘‘her pains,’’ 1 Sam. 4: 19;
1 Thess. 4: 3 [?].

nukhammichi, y. t., to inflict pain;
to cause pain or agony; to distress; to
pain; to torture.

nukhobela, a., pp., angry; mad; furi-
ous; infuriated; passionate; enraged;
irritated; agitated; excited.

nukhobela, v. n., to be mad or angry; to
become mad (fixed or settled madness).

nukhobela, n., anger; wrath; excite-
ment; fire.

nukhobelachi, y. t., to enrage; to irri-
tate; to anger; to provoke; to make
mad; to fire; to infuriate.

nukhomechi, y. t., to render pungent;
acrimonious, or strong, as whiskey,
pepper, or peach leaves when taken
into the mouth.

nukhomi, a., pungent to the taste.

nukhomi, n., pungency.

nukhushpa, Ch. Sp. Book, p. 44.

nukkilli, n., hatred; ill will; indigna-
tion; malice; spite; i®nukkilli, n., en-
mity; wrath; aii”nukkilli, anger, 2 Sam.
24:1; anger, an attribute, Josh. 7:12, 26.

nukkilli, a., envious; indignant; invid-
ious; ‘malicious; malign; malignant;
spiteful.

nukkilli, y. n., to hate, John 3: 20; to
abhor; i”nukkilli, v. t., to hate him,
Matt. 5: 22; 6: 24; to despite; to envy;
to spite; itinnukkilli, to hate each other.

nukkilli, i{nukkilli, n., a hater.

nukkilli keyu, a., unenvied.

nukkillichechi, y. t., to cause to hate;
to disaffect.

nukkillichi, y. t., to cause to hate.

nukkitekachi, n., palpitation of the
heart; pulsation of the heart, caused by

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

283

fever as some say; chutkash nukkite-
kachi.

nukkitekachi, y. a. i., to palpitate; to
flutter, as in the stomach.

nukkiteli, n., burning in the stomach
when very acid.

nuklibekachi, vy. a. i., to start quick, as
the blood.

nuklibekachi, n., a quick motion of the
blood; heartburn; heart rising.

nuklibeshachi, y. t., to enkindle; see
below.

nuklibisha, a., pp., heated; warmed with
passion; hot; enkindled.

nuklibisha, y. n., to be heated; to be
in a passion.

nuklibisha, v. a. i., to glow; to warm;
to get warm with passion.

nuklibisha, n., temper; warmth.

nuklibishakachi, a., heated suddenly
with passion; impassionate; impas-
sioned.

nuklibishakachi, vy. n., to be heated;
to be warmed with passion.

nuklibishachi, vy. t., to enkindle.

nuklibishli, v. t., to warm the flesh or .
person.

nuklibishlikachi, n., passion.

nuklibishlikachi, vy. a. i., to fly into a
passion.

nuktakancha, n., a fright; terror; de-
struction, | Sam. 5:11.

nuktakancha, vy. a. i.,
trembling.

nuktakancha, pp., frightened; scared;
surprised; affrighted; amazed; shocked;
terrified; marveled, Matt. 8:10, 27; 9:8;
Luke 4: 36, Matt. 12: 23; astonished,
Matt. 13:54; wondered, Matt. 15:31.

nuktakanchichi, vy. t., to startle; to
affright; to affray; to start.

nuktakashli, nuktaka®shli (n. f.), v. t.
pl., to frighten; to startle; to scare; to
shock; to terrify; to destroy, 1 Sam.
Begs

nuktamalli, vy. a. i., to choke or suffocate.

nuktamoli, nuktamonli (n. f.), v. a. i.
pl., to strangle; to choke by taking
food, ete., into the windpipe; to stran-
gle by being under water too long.

to start flesh

nuktamoli, pp., strangled; choked.
nuktamolichi, y. t., to cause to stran-
gle; to strangle another.

984

nuktamolli, v. a. i. sing., to strangle; to
choke with food or drink.

nuktamolli, pp., strangled; choked.

nuklamollichi, vy. t., to strangle; to
strangle another.

nukti®fa, v. a. i., to suffocate.

nukh®fa, pp., suffocated.

nukh®fii, v. t., to suffocate.

nukoa, nokoa, a., angry; mad; cross;
fierce; fiery; frantic; furious; huffy;
ill; ill natured; indignant; infuriate;
invidious; malicious; malign; malig-
nant; morose; offensive; outrageous;
rabid; snappish; spiteful; spleeny;
sulky; sullen; surly; unpeaceable;
vexed; vindictive.

nukoa, nukowa, yv. n., to be angry or
mad.

nukoa, v. a. i., to inflame; to leer;
to madden; to rage; to rankle; to
stomach; to storm; to tear; to vex.

nukoa, pp., maddened; chagrinned; en-
raged; exasperated; fretted; incensed;
inflamed; offended; piqued; ruffled;
scandalized; provoked; iknukoo, a.,
unoffended; unprovoked.

nukoa, vy. t. with a pro. prefixed, as
imnukoa, to drive him; isuba innukoa, to
rein a horse; akanka yan inmnukoa, to
drive away the fowls; innukoa, imnukoa,
to be angry at him; to jaw; to rail; to
rate; to resent; to scold; to spite; to
bicker; to brawl; to quarrel; itinnukoa,
to be angry at each other; itinnukoa
shai, a., quarrelsome; i”nukoa, n., a
scolder.

nukoa, n., a teaser; a mad man.

nukoa, n., anger; madness; wrath;
choler; spite; malice; dudgeon; fierce-
ness; fire; frenzy; fretfulness; fury;
gall; a grudge; heat; ill nature; ill
will; indignation; ire; mania; morose-
ness; offense; passion; a pet; a pique;
rabidness; rage; scandal; spite; spleen;
spunk; stomach; vengeance; vexation;
wrath.

nukoa atapa, n., rancor.

nukoa atapa, a., rancorous.

nukoa banna, a., resentful.

nukoa fehna, a., wroth.

nukoa hinla, a., irritable.

nukoa keyu, a., wrathless.

nukoa okpulo, n., touchiness.

‘BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[putn. 46

nukoa shali, a., choleric; very angry;
often angry; irascible; irritable; pas-
sionate; perverse; pugnacious; refrac-
tory; ticklish; touchy; vindictive;
waspish; wrathful.

nukoa shali, y. n., to be choleric.

nukoa shali, n., a madman; a madcap.

nukoachi, y. t., to madden; to make
mad; to chagrin; to anger; to disgust;
to displease; to enrage; to exasperate;
to fire; to fret; to incense; to inflame;
to infuriate; to irritate; to move, i. e.,
to irritate; to offend; to pique; to pro-
voke; to ruffle; to scandalize; to trou-
ble; to vex.

nukoachi, n., an offender; a provoker.

nukoachi, n., a provocation; vexation.

nukoat anumpuli, v. t., to grumble; to
talk madly; to chide; to rant.

nukoat anumpuli, n., a grumbler.

nukowa, see nukoa.

nukpaualli, a., nauseous.

nukpalli, n., excitement.

nukpalli, a., pp., interested; excited;
tempted; engaged; incited; enticed.

nukpalli, v. n., to be interested, excited,
or tempted; to lust after; imnukpalli, to
lust after her, Matt. 5: 28.

nukpallichechi, v. t., to entice; to se-
duce.

nukpallichechi, n., an enticer.

nukpallichi, v. t., to excite; to interest;
to tempt; to allure; to invite; to draw;
to entice; to lure.

nukpallichi, n., a provocation; tempta-
tion. :

nukpallichi, n., a tempter; a lure.

nukpoalli, v. a. i., to feel nausea; nuk-
poallichi, causing nausea.

nukpoallichi, vy. t. causative.

nuksakki, vy. a. i., to be choked, stran-
gled in water, or drowned, Luke 8: 33.

nuksita, a., pp., hung by the neck with
a cord; suffocated; hanged.

nuksita, y. a. i., to hang by the neck.

nuksiteli, v. t., to hang; to suffocate;
to choke with a cord; to hang by the
neck, Josh. 8: 29; ont ilenuksiteli, went
and hanged himself, Matt. 27: 5.

nuksiteli, n., a hangman; a hanger.

nuksiti®fa, pp., hung.

nuksitiffi, v. t., to hang by the neck,
Gen. 40: 19.

BYINGTON]

nuksitoha, pp. pl., or nuksita, sing.,

hung.
nuksitoha, v. a. i. pl., to hang by the
neck. :

nuksitoli, v. t. pl., to hang by the neck.

nukshachaiyakachi, v. a. i., to thrill.

nukshammi, nukshammi, a., hoarse;
affected with a cold; having a cold.

nukshammi, v. a. i., to be hoarse; to
have a cough.

nukshammichi, y. t. caus., to cause
hoarseness.

nukshiah [']; itanukshinya [?], being
knotted or gnarled like tough wood.

nukshichaiakachi, y. a. i., to start and
tremble from fear.

nukshi®fi, y. t., to hang by the neck,
Matt. 27: 5; ilenukshinfi, to hang him-
self, Matt. 27: 5; see nukshinifi.

nukshikanli, a., pp., strangled with any
hot and pungent drink, as a decoction
of pepper; hot; suffocating.

nukshikanli, v. a. i., to tingle.

nukshikanli, y. n., to be hot and suf-
focating; to smart in the throat; nuk-
shikashli, pl.

nukshikanlichi, v. t., to strangle; to
choke; to cause the sensation above
described; nukshikanshlichi, pl.

nukshika®shli, pp. pl., strangled; nuk-
shikanli, sing.

nukshikiffi, a., hoarse.

nukshikiffi, n., hoarseness.

nukshila, a., dry; thirsty; having a dry
throat; a thirst; hoarse.

nukshila, v. n., to be dry, thirsty, etc.;
to be hoarse.

nukshila, n., thirst.

nukshilachi, y. t., to cause hoarseness
or thirst; y. i., to have the throat
stopped with a cold.

nukshinifa, vy. a. 1., to hang by the
neck.

nukshini"fa, pp., hung by the neck;
having the breath stopped.

nukshini®fa, n., asthma; phthisis.

nukshiniffi, nukshi"fi, vy. t., to hang by
the neck; to choke; to afflict with the
asthma.

nukshitilimmi, y. a.i., to satisfy (simi-
ilar to fihopa).

nukshiwichi, n., a throat filled up froma
cold.

nukshobba hinla, a., formidable,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 285

nukshobli, y. t., to frighten; to scare;
to cow; to daunt; to dismay; to terrify;
to intimidate; ilenukshobli, to frighten
himself.

nukshobli, n., a frightener.

nukshoblichi, y. t. caus., to frighten;
to scare; to produce fear; to start; to
startle.

nukshompiksho, a., undaunted.

nukshompiksho, ady., fearlessly.

nukshopa, a., coy; afraid; seared; chick-
en-hearted; dismayed; fearful; pusil-
lanimous; shy; skittish; timid; timor-
ous; wild; hachinukshopa cho? Matt.
8: 26; iknukshopo, fearless; unfeared;
unappalled.

nukshopa, vy. n., to be afraid, Matt.
10: 26; 14: 5, 26, 27, 30; hachinukshopa
na, Luke 12: 4; y. a. .i:, to fear; to
shrink; to shudder; to shy, nukshumpa,
Luke 1: 65; itinnukshopa, to be afraid
of each other, or to fear each other.

nukshopa, pp., frightened; cowed;
daunted; intimidated; startled; terri-
fied; appalled; afraid, Matt. 17: 6, 7.

nukshopa, ady., wildly.

nukshopa, n., fear; a fright; dread; pu-
sillanimity; shyness; coyness; terror;
isht anukshopa, terror, Josh. 2: 9.

nukshopat illi, n., horror.

nukshopat wannichi, y. a.i., to quake;
to quake from fear.

nukshulla, a., having a wasting disease;
having the vitals destroyed.

nukshulla, n., a consumption; a pul-
monary disease.

nuktaiyala, v. n., to be easy; to be
quiet.

nuktakali, v. a. i., to choke; to have
something lodged in the throat; to
throttle; nuktakoli, pl.

nuktakali, sing., nuktakoli, pl. n., a
choking.

nuktakali, sing.,
choked; strangled.

nuktakali, v. t., v. a. i., to choke; to
strangle.

nuktakalichi, sing., nuktakolichi, pl., v.
t., to choke; to strangle.

nuktakat illi, v. a. i., to choke to death.

nuktakba, v. a. i., to pucker up, as the
mouth after eating unripe persimmons,

nuktalachi, v. t., to quiet; to calm; to
comfort; to heal the heart, Luke 4:18.

nuktakoti, pl., pp.,

286 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

nuktalali, v. t., to quiet; to appease; to
allay; to sober; to calm; to soothe;
to assuage; to becalm; to compose; to
cool (the temper); to ease; to lull; to
mitigate; to moderate; to modify; to
mollify; to pacify; to propitiate; to si-
lence; to solace; to still; to suppress;
to temper; to tranquilize.

nuktalali, n., a comforter; a quieter; a
soother; a moderator; a pacifier.

nuktalalichi, nuktalallichi, v. t., to
cause quietness, etc.; to lay; to allay;
to soothe.

nuktalalichi, n., a soother.

nuktaloh, v. t. pl., to quiet, ete.

nuktalotichi, vy. t., to cause quietness.

nuktalali, v. t., to excite jealousy, Deut.
32) Dil.

nuktanla, pp., tempered.

nuktanla, a., coy; dispassionate; grave;
modest; patient; peaceable; placid; ten-
der; serious; sober; tranquil; urbane;
see nuktala.

nuktanla, v. a. i., to be cheerful, Matt.
14: 27.

nuktanla, n., patience; sobriety; tem-
perance; ‘‘peace,’’ Acts 10: 36.

nuktanla iksho, a., impatient.

nuktanlat, adv., tranquilly.

nuktala, y. n., to be quiet.

nuktala, n., sedateness, softness, still-
ness, quietness; a calm; contentment;
patience; a mitigation; moderation;
relief; iknuktalo, n., impatience.

nuktala, nuktala, v. a. 1., to become
quiet, peaceful, sober (hash wenuktan-
lashke), to cool; to lull; to moderate; to
relax; to soften; nuktanla, n. f.; v.a.i.,
to pause; to subside; to be cheerful,
Matt. 14: 27; nuktaiyala; wlenuktala.

nuktala, a., unruffled; harmless; quiet;
sober; patient; calm; considerate; con-
tented; cool, as to mind or feelings; pa-
cific; sedate; pp., allayed; quieted;
sobered; calmed; becalmed; subdued;
composed; conciliated; cooled; lulled;
mitigated; moderated; pacified; relaxed ;
solaced; soothed; stayed; stilled; unre-
lieved; nuktaiyala, Matt. 10: 16; iknuk-
talo, a., impatient.

nuktalahe keyu, a., implacable.

nuktallachi, n., relief.

nuktata, a., jealous; suspicious; preju-
diced.

[BULL, 46

nuktata, vy. n., to be jealous; v. a.i., to
mistrust.

nuktata, n., jealousy.

nuktala; imnuktanta, to beware of, Matt.
16: 6.

nuktata keyu, a., unprejudiced.

nuktik ahchi, n., some noise described
by nutik.

nuktilefa, v. a. i., to choke.

nuktitefa, pp., choked.

nuktiliffi, vy. t., to choke, Matt. 18: 28.

nuktimekachi, nuktimikachi, y. a. i.,
to beat; to pulsate, as the heart or pulse.

nuktimekachi, n., a pulsation.

nuktimichi, v. a. i., to palpitate quickly;
chunkash at nuktimichi.

nukwai iksho, see nukwia iksho.

nukwaya, v. a. i., to shun, Acts 20: 27.

nukwamakachi, sense of internal heat.

nukwannichi, vy. a. i., to tremble through
fear.

nukwannichi, n., a trembling.

nukwi iksho, see nukwia iksho.

nukwia, n., diffidence; mistrust; pusil-
lanimity; scruple.

nukwia, a., diffident; pusillanimous; shy;
timid; timorous; afraid to venture;
afraid to do something; fearful.

nukwia, v. n., v. a. i., to be afraid; to be
timid; to doubt, Matt. 1: 20; to misgive;
to mistrust; to scruple; to shrink; to
stagger; i”nukwia, to be afraid of him;
to be timid before him.

nukwia, n., a shrinker; a starter.

nukwia iksho, nukwai iksho, nuk-
wi iksho, a., courageous; hardy; in-
trepid; resolute; undaunted; unem-
barrassed; valiant; valorous.

nukwia iksho, n., hardihood; hardi-
ness; temerity; valor.

nukwia iksho, nukwai iksho, y. n., to
be without fear; to be courageous; to
dare; to venture, Josh. 1: 6,9, 18.

nukwiaiksho,a., audacious; bold; brave;
undaunted.

nukwia iksho, n., boldness.

nukwiachi, y. t., to render timid; to
produce fear; to stagger.

nukwiloha, y. n., to be sad, sorrowful,
just ready to weep.—J. E. Dwight.

nukwimekachi, v. a. i., to shake or
tremble; to palpitate, as after an effort
at running.

~~ os

BYINGTON]

nukwimekachi, n., a palpitation; an
agitation of the heart, after violent run-
ning.

nuna, v.a.i., to cook; to bake; to ripen;
to mellow.

nuna, a., mature; ripe; mellow.

nuna, pp., cooked in boiling water;
baked; roasted; done; boiled; matured;
iknuno, a., not cooked; unripe; imma-
ture; crude; heavy; not well baked.

nuna, n., maturity; ripeness.

nuna atapa, a., overdone.

nunachechi, v. t., to cause to ripen, or
bake, ete.

nunachi, y. t., to cook; to ripen; to bake;
to enripen; to mellow.

nusachaya, from nusi and achaya, a.,
sleepy; wanting to sleep.

nusapi, nusasapi (pl.), n., an oak; a
black-oak tree; a red oak.

nusechi, vy. t., to cause sleep; to throw
into a sleep; to bring on sleep.

nusechi, n., a soporific.

nuseka, n., a dreamer; a fortune teller.

nusi, y. a. i., tosleep; to doze; to repose;
to kennel; to drowse; to rest; to roost;
to slumber; sanusi, nuseli, I sleep;
anusi, to sleep at or there, Josh. 2: 1;
nusitukosh okcha, to awake from sleep;
nusi hosh itonlatok, he was asleep, Matt.
8: 24.

nusi, n., an acorn; a black-oak acorn;
mast; nusi hata, nusi lakna, nusi noti;
nusushi, nusinoti, nusi shauiya, water
oak resembling chilhpatha.

nusi, n., a sleeper; a slumberer.

nusi, n., sleep; rest; repose; refresh-
ment; a slumber; iknuso, n., a watch;
forbearance of sleep.

nusi, n., asleep; a measure of time, being
one day or 24 hours.

nusi, a., dormant; iknuso, restless; with-
out sleep.

nusi, adv., asleep.

nusi banna, a., somnolent; sleepy.

nusi fehna, n., lethargy.

nusi iskitini, n., a nap; iskitini nusi, v.
a. i., to nap.

nusilhha, n., stupor; drowsiness; torpor.

nusilhha, a., sleepy; drowsy; dull; le-
thargic; somnolent; torpid.

nusilhha, y. n., to be sleepy or drowsy.

nusilhha, vy. a. i., to doze; to drowse.

nusilhhachi, y. t., to drowse; to make
one sleepy.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

287

nusilhhachi, n., a soporific; an anodyne.

nusit illi, a., fast asleep; v. n., to be fast
asleep.

nusolba, a., sleepy; adv., sleepily.

nushkobo, noshkobo, nishkobo, n., a
head; the head; the pate; a poll; the
top; the vertex; yamma noshkobo, his
head, Matt. 14: 11; Josh. 2: 19; Matt.
6: 17; 10: 30; 14: 8, 10; noshkobo yan,
his head; Matt. 8: 20; the pommel (of
a saddle), Josh. 11: 10.

nushkobo atobbi, n.,a capitation; a poll
tax; a tax; a tribute, Josh. 16: 10.

nushkobo atobbi onuchi, vy. t.,
to lay a poll tax.

nushkobo atobbichi, y. t., to put to
tribute, Josh. 17: 13.

nushkobo beka, a., bareheaded.

nushkobo beka, y. n., to: be bare-
headed.

nushkobo chumpa, n., tribute; a poll
tax; a per capita, Matt. 17: 25.

nushkobo fochonli, nushkobo fach-
onli, n., dandruff.

nushkobo foka, n., a headstall.

nushkobo foni, n., the skull; the cra-
nium.

nushkobo foni aiitachakalli, n., a su-
ture, the seam or joint which unites
the bones of the skull.

nushkobo hakshup, n., the pate.

nushkobo hotupa, n., the headache.

nushkobo hotupa ahammi, n., cam-
phor.

nushkobo ikbi, vy. t., to make a head;
to head.

nushkobo ikbi, n., a header.

nushkobo isht chumpa, n., tribute,
Mark 12: 14.

nushkobo isht shema, n., a headdress;
an ornament for the head.

nushkobo isht talakchi, n., a head
band.

nushkobo iyafu®fo, n., the crownof the
head; the place where the hair grows
in a circle on the top of the head.

nuskobo tachowa, n., scald head.

nushkobo tabokaka, n., the pan; the
top of the head; the pate.

nushkobo tabli, v. t., to behead; to de-
capitate; to head.

nushkobo tabli, n., one who beheads.

nushkobo tapa, pp., beheaded; decapi-
tated; decollated.

nushkobo tapa, n., a head severed from
the body.

to tax;

288

nushkoboka, n.; the head, Josh. 11: 10;
14: 1; noshkobonhunka.

nuta, nota, adv., under; below; beneath.
See 1 Tim. 6:1; aboha nuta, under the
room.

nuta, v. n., to be below, under; aiimpa
nuta, aboha nunta, ilaiasha nani nuta;
nunta in Klit akom nunta, under Crete.
Acts 27: 7; nuta, nota, n.

nutachatha, n., a large centipede.

nutaka, n., thespace below; astate of sub-
jection; the under side, Mark 12: 10, 11;
Josh. 7: 21; beneath, Josh. 2: 11; in
subjection, Matt. 8: 9.

nutaka, v. a. i., to be subdued, Josh.
18:1; ishnutakahe keyu, Deut. 28: 13.

nutaka, a., nether; under foot; prep.,
under; ady., underneath; below.

nutaka atsha, a., subject; being under.

nutaka a¥sha, n., subjection.

nutaka boli, v. t., to underlay.

nutaka fehna, a., undermost.

nutaka ia, n., subjection.

nutaka ia, v. t., to submit; to come un-
der; to go beneath.

nutaka ia, v. ai., to quail; to succumb;
to surrender; to truckle; to yield.

nutaka ia, n., submission.

nutaka iahe keyu, a., uncontrollable;
unyielding.

nutaka yakni kulli, v. t., to undermine.

nutakachi, nutakachi, v. t., to cause
to go under; to put beneath, Josh.
17:13; aiimpa ya" nutakachit boti.

nutakbala®kchi, n., gums; the hard
fleshy substance of the jaws which in-
vests the teeth.

nutakbala®kchi offo, n., the lampas.

nutakfa, n., the chin; the jaw; the chap;
the jowl.

nutakfa foni, n., the jawbone; the chin
bone.

nutakfa isht atapachi, n., a curb chain;
a curb strap.

nutakfa isht talakchi, n., a throat-latch.

nutakhish, n., the beard; a whisker.

nutakhish isht shafa, nutakhisht
sha®fa, n., arazor.

nutakhisht sha®fa ahalapuchi, n., a
razor strop; a razor hone.

nutakhisht sha®fa ashuahchi, n., a
razor hone; a hone.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

o isa longer vowel than u, and when the
sound is contracted u is heard; as hak-
lo, haklot, haklut; haponaklo, haponak-
lot, haponaklut.

o, oh, 0%; this is used as the verb ‘‘to be”’
in the 3d person, or as an impersonal
verb; oh is a stronger form of expres-
sion, as iksho hohmati; katima ishia hoh
cho?; this word has puzzled many in-
terpreters; 0, to be; oh, it is; 0”, being;
o is often added to some of the particles
tomake them more distinctive, as hokat,
hokato. The forms of particles begin-
ning with oare here inserted so that the
law of euphony may be learned: ocha—
oka — okaka —okakano— okakant —oka-
kanto—okakat—okakato—okakhe—okak- -
heno—okakhet—okakheto—okakkia—oka-
ko, Matt. 8: 27; hatak katiohmi hatuk
okako, what manner of man?—okako-
cha—okakona—okakosh—okakot—okano,
okano—okat—okato—oke—okia—okomo,
a particle used at the end of a sentence,
meaning it was so; remote past tense—
okono, same as; it is so; it was, but re-
cently—ona—osh—ot.

o2, an auxiliary verb; chukowaheo” ke-
yushke, enter shallis not, Matt. 7:21; or
it may designate the act chukowa, enter
shall that not.

o4, a particle, in the obj. case, cf. osh and
ot, whom, which, that.

o2, an art., meaning a or an usually and
used indefinitely; pent o”, a ship, Matt.
9: 1; see ho.

02, on; after; aiothikia, to stand on, upon;
onhikia, Matt. 10: 30; ovhilechi, to set
on, Matt. 4:5.

obala, n., the breech; the hind legs; the
buttock; the fundament.

obala, a., behind.

Obala foka, n., a pantaloon; pantaloons;
breeches; trousers; drawers; overalls;
hose.

obala foka isht halalli, obala foka isht
talakchi, n., suspenders; braces.

obachoshuli, n., the hip joint where the
thigh bone enters the socket of the hip
bone.

obalaka, ady., behind; olbalaka, Luke 2:
43.

obalh kanali, v. a. i., to move backward.

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY

obalhpela, ady., backward; behind.

obi, iyubi, n., the thigh; a ham.

ochi, ohchih, v. t., to draw water; to dip
up. water with a bucket at a well,
spring, stream, or pond; to draw, Josh.
9: 21; ushtia, to go after water; usht
alla, to bring water; polavka oyochi,
she has gone after water at length;
ohunchi, freq.; oyochi, pro.

ochi, n., a drawer of water.

oe, int., pshaw.

ofanusi, n., a kennel for dogs.

offo, y. a. i., v. t., to spring up, Matt.
13: 26; to grow; to sprout; to chick; to
grow, in the early stages of growing; to
come up; to germinate; to rise; to
shoot; to spire; to sprout; to vegetate;
to spring; also in later stages, thus,
tanchi at chahat taha, iti at chitot isht ia.

offo, n., a growth; the growing; a chit;
a scion; a shoot; a springing; a sprout.

offochi, y. t., to cause to grow; umba
kat tanchi am offochi, aba pitki at nana
putaka offochi chatok; offohonchi, freq.

ofi, n., a dog; a cur; a spaniel.

ofi chuk atta, n., a house dog.

ofi haksobish falaia, n., a hound.

ofi hasimbish ithina, ofi hasimbish
tapa iZthina, n., the milky way; the
galaxy.

ofi hata kolofa, n., the milky way; the
galaxy.

ofi holba, a., canine; doglike; like a
dog; doggish.

ofi holba, v. n., to be canine.

ofi holilabi, n., a mad dog.

ofi inchuka, ofinchuka, n., a kennel.

[ofi ithoshuwa, n., the nightshade.—
WS... ]

ofi isht Holi, vy. t., to hound; to chase
with dogs.

ofi nakni, n., a male dog; a dog.

ofi palhki, n., a grayhound; a spry dog.

ofi puta, n., the dogs, Matt. 7: 6.

ofi tasembo, n., a mad dog; a rabid dog.

ofi tek, n., a female dog; a bitch; a slut.

ofi tohbi ithina, n., the milky way.

ofunlo, n., a screech owl.

ofutsik, n., a puppy; a whelp.

ofutsikcheli, v. t., to pup; to puppy.

ofushi, n., a puppy; a whelp.

oh, see ho.

oh, auxiliary verb; chatuk oh cho? Matt.
7: 16; ak oh kia, Matt. 8: 10.

84339°—Bull. 46—15——_19

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 289

oh, imp. mood, 2d per. p]. before vowels,
as ohia, go ye, Matt. 2: 8.

oh, part., Islael okla ak oh kia, Matt. 8: 10;
tuk oh cho? Matt. 14: 31.

ohchih, see ochi.

ohhoh, interjection of surprise at some-
thing new, oh!

ohmi, a., like; resembling.

ohmi, y. n., to be like or resembling,
Josh. 7: 21.

ohmi, n., likeness.

ohmichi, ohmihchi, vy. t., to makea like-
ness; to cause it to resemble.

otholisso, n., an inscription.

ohoyo, ahoyo, n., a woman; a dame; a
lady; a female, Matt. 5: 28; a wife; a
handmaid, Luke 1: 38; pl., women;
ohoyo hon, women, Matt. 11: 11; 14: 21;
ohoyo ma, Matt. 15: 28.

ohoyo aiomanili, n., a pillion; a wo-
man’s seat; a cushion for a woman to
ride on behind a person on horseback.

ohoyo asanonchi, n., a matron.

ohoyo alla eshi apistikeli, n., a mid-
wife.

ohoyo bishlichi, n., a milkmaid.

ohoyo chito, n., a large woman; a virago.

ohoyo chuka petichi, n., a housewiie;
a mistress.

ohoyo haksi, n., a hussy.

ohoyo haloka, n., a mother-in-law; see
haloka.

ohoyo hatak ikhalelo, n., a virgin.

ohoyo haui, n.,a lewd woman; a harlot,
Josh. 2: 1; a strumpet; a prostitute; a
wench; a whore.

ohoyo haui aiasha, n., a bawdy house;
a brothel; a bad house.

ohoyo himmita, n., a young woman;
a young lady; a lass; a damsel; a vir-
gin, Luke 1: 27; a girl; a maid; a
maiden.

ohoyo himmita okpani, v.
flower.

ohoyo himmitasi, n., a young girl; a
very young woman; himmitasi means
of an age younger than /immita.

ohoyo himmithoa,n. pl., young women.

ohoyo himmitushi, n., a very young
woman, under ten years of age.

ohoyo hokli, n., a rape.

ohoyo holba, a., effeminate; like a
woman; womanish.

t., to de-

290

ohoyo holisso ithananchi, n., an in-
structress.

ohoyo holisso pisachi, n., a mistress; a
school mistress; a school dame.

ohoyo hoponi, n., a kitchen maid.

ohoyo ithatak, n., a husband; lit., a
woman’s man.

ohoyo ihatak illi, n., a widow, Luke
4: 25.

ohoyo ikhananchi, n., a tutoress.

ohoyo imatia, n., a whore master; a
whoremonger.

ohoyo imissa, n., a testatrix.

ohoyo imisht ilo™hoshontikachi, n.,
a parasol; a lady’s parasol.

ohoyo i8na foka, n., alady’s garment; a
mantua.

ohoyo i®na foka ikbi, n., a mantua
maker.

ohoyo i=na foka lumbo, n., a chemise;
a shift.

ohoyo ipetachi, v. t., to celebrate a mar-
riage; to salute a bride; to marry.

ohoyo ipetachi, n., a marriage, John

: 2; nuptials; a wedding.

ohoyo ipi®shik, n., a woman’s breast; a
pap.

ohoyo i"shapo, n., a lady’s bonnet; a
calash.

ohoyo i"shapo ikbit kanchi, n., a mil-
liner.

ohoyo isht ahollo, n., a hag; a shrew;
a witch.

ohoyo isht atiaka, n., womankind.

ohoyo itihalallichi, n., a wedding.

ohoyo kasheho, n., anaged woman; an ©

aged female; an old wife.

ohoyo keyu chohmi, a., unwomanly.

ohoyo litiha, n., a slattern; a slut.

ohoyo makali, n., a jade; a despised
woman.

ohoyo miko, n., a princess; a queen;
an empress, Matt. 12:42; 1 Kings 11:19.

ohoyo na foka ikbi, n., a tailoress.

ohoyo nan achefa, n., a washerwoman;
a laundress.

ohoyo nan achunli, n., a seamstress; a
tailoress.

ohoyo nan apesa, n., a directress.

ohoyo nan ithoyo, n., a waiting maid.

ohoyo nukoa, n., a mad woman: a ter-
magant; a shrew; ascold.

ohoyo owatta, n., a huntress,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

ohoyo pisa aiukli, n., a fair; a fair wo-
man; the female sex.

ohoyo sipokni, n., an old lady.

ohoyo tashka, n., a warrioress.

ohoyo to®ksali, n., a laboring woman;
a maid servant; a serving maid.

ohoyo yuka, n., a bond woman; a bond
maid; a female captive; a female pris-
oner.

ohoyohmi, a., feminine.

ohpi, see hopi and opi.

ohulmo, pp., covered; sheltered.

ohulmochi, v. t., to cover; to cause to
be covered; tanchi av ohulmochi, aboha
yar ohulmochi.

oiya, oia, v. t., to ascend; to go up; to
mount; to back (a horse); to climb,
Matte Osa) 142923 9a 5229 Salen ost
6:5; torun up; to scale; to get on; to
arise; to rise; hatak at nani ha” oiya;
shaui at iti am oiya; isht oiya, to take up,
Matt. 4: 8.

oiya, n., ascent; a mounter; one who as-
cends; a climber; a rise; a rising.

oiyachi, y. t., to cause to ascend; to tree;
fani yan iti oiyachi, or fani yan iti aboi-
yachi, to compel a squirrel to ascend a
tree.

ok, from oh, the verbal o, and k, determi-
native. See hok and compounds. Com-
pounds are: okakanto, art. pro., the,
Matt. 18: 7, distinctive from other ob-
jects—akakat (Ishmayabi used this
form)—okma, used for whether; lit., if
so, or then if so, see Mark 2: 9; Matt.
15: 4, 5; derived from 0, the auxiliary
verb, affirmative, k, the demonstrative
art. pro., and ma, the additional defi-
nite; when that is then, if that is then—
okano, distinctive article in the obj.
case, showing a contrast or comparison;
ilappak okano, Matt. 11: 16; nitak okano,
Matt. 5: 43; 11: 22; 18: 7; nom. case,
okato, Matt. 6: 2; 12:31, 32; Josh. 2: 4;
okmak ohmak — okmaka — okmakano —
okmakato — okmakhe — okmakheno — ok-
makhet, especially that, by way of a dis-
paraging comparison — okmakheto —
okmakon — okmakocha— okmakoka— ok-
makokano — okmakokat — okmakokato —
okmakoke — okmakokia — okmakona -—
okmakosh—okmakot—okmano, okmano-=
okmat—okmato,

a ee RES

ee ee ee ee

BYINGTON]

oka, n., water; aqua; liquor; a liquid;
whisky; wet; ardent spirits; oka yan,
the water, Matt. 14: 28; oka ishko, to
drink liquor; oka kapassa ishko, to drink
cold water.

oka abicha, n., a tap hole; a tunnel; a
funnel; a faucet; a waterspout; a spout
for water.

oka abicha isht alhkama, n., a spigot;
a tap; a spile; a cork; a stopple.

oka abicha isht shana, n., a tap that
is put in with a screw or that has a
screw on one end.

oka abicheli, n., a cock; abrasscock; a
conduit.

oka aialaka, n., a shore; a coast; haiyip
oka aialaka; okhata oka aialaka; okhina
oka aialaka.

oka aiabi, oka aiillichi, v. t., to drown.

oka aialhto, n.,a tub; a water-trough; a
cistern; avat; a water-piggin; a pitcher.

oka aialhto chito, n., a tank.

oka aiilli, v. a. i., to drown.

oka aiishko, n., a tippling house; a gro-
cery [groggery?].

oka aiyanalli, n., a channel; a water
channel.

oka akanchi, n., a tap house.

oka alaka, n., a shore; a coast, Luke
5: 3; haiyip alaka; okhina alaka.

oka atlhto, n., a piggin.

oka alibisha, n., a skillet.

oka atalaia, n., a pool; a reservoir.

oka ayanalli, n., asluice; a water furrow.

oka alhto, n., a water-pot; a water-ves-
sel, John 2: 6.

oka ali, okali, n., the water-edge; shore,
Matt. 13: 2.

oka banapa, v. a. i., to overflow.

oka banapa, pp., overflowed.

oka banatha, n., a surge; a wave; a
billow; a swell; oka banatha kat, the
waves, Matt. 8: 24.

oka banathat a®ya, v. a. i., to surge;
to wave.

oka bana®ya, n. pl., waves;
billows.

oka bicheli, n., a butler, Gen. 40: 1; a
tapster.

oka bikeli, v. a. i., to flow, as tide water.

oka bikeli, pp., deluged; overflowed.

oka bikeli, n., back water; tide water;
an inundation; a deluge.

oka bikeli, y, a. i., to ebb.

surges;

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

291

oka bikelichi, v. t., to deluge; to over-
flow.

oka bikelichi, v. t., to cause the water to
flow in or set back.

oka chopa, n., a cascade.

oka falama, pp., deluged; overflowed.

oka falama, n., back water; a deluge;
the deluge; a flood; the flood.

oka falama chito, n., the deluge, Gen.
WeROs

oka fohopa, n., a fall.

oka foyuha, n., a whirlpool.

oka foyuha, okfoyulli, v. a. i., to whirl,
as water; okfoyullit oklobushlichi, to draw
into a whirlpool; to suck in.

oka foyulli, okfoyulli, n., a whirlpool;
an eddy; a vortex.

oka foyulli, vy. a. i., to whirl, as water.

oka fulush, n., a fresh-water clam; a
clam.

oka fulush hakshup, n., a clamshell.

oka hafeta, v. a. i., to cave in, as the
bank of a water course.

oka haksi, a., drunk; drunken; inebri-
ated; intoxicated.

oka haksi, v. n., to be drunk.

oka haksi, n., drunkenness; ebriety; in-
ebriation; intoxication.

oka hauashko, n., vinegar; wine; sour
water; cider.

oka hapi, hapi oka, n., salt water; brine.

oka hapi yammiy, n., a pickle.

oka hapi yammi fohki, vy. t., to pickle.

oka hitka, v. a. i., to be in water.

oka holba, a., watery.

oka homahonni, n., a distillery.

oka homatoba, oka homiatoba, n., a
distillery.

oka homi, okhomi, oke homi, n.,
liquor; spirit; ardent spirits; distilled
liquor of all kinds, called rum, gin,
brandy, whisky, alcohol; high wines;
aqua vite; bitter water; acrid water.

oka homi ahalaia, a., spirituous.

oka homi bikobli, n., a rum bud.

oka homi ikbi, v. t., to distill spirits; to
manufacture ardent spirits; to still.

oka homi ikbi, n., a distiller.

oka homi nanabli achafa, n., a dram;
a swallow of spirits.

oka homi oka ibalhto, n., grog.

oka humma, n., red water; Red river.

oka hushi, n., waterfowl.

oka ithina, n., a water furrow.

292 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

oka illi, v. a. i., to drown; see oka aiille,
aioka illi, Matt. 18: 6.

oka ipeta, v. t., to water.

oka isht alhpisa, n., a measure; a liquid
measure; a gallon.

oka isht bicha, n., a tap; a brass cock.

oka isht bicheli, n., a brass cock; a tap
hole; a spout for water; a tunnel; a fun-
nel; a faucet.

oka isht ochi, n., a water-bucket; a pig-
gin; a can; a,water-pot.

okaisht okissa, pp., baptized with water.

oka isht okissa, n., baptism.

oka isht okissachi, vy. t., to baptize.

oka isht taka, n., a scoop.

oka kaha, v. a. i., to lie in water, Matt.
8582.

oka kaiya, okaiya, v. a. i., to fill with
water, as the ground receives water.

oka kaiya, pp., filled with water; soft-
ened by water, as the earth.

oka kaiyachi, v. t., to soften with water;
to fill with water.

oka kapassa,n., cold water; fresh water;
cool water.

oka kania, y. a. i., to mire; to drown;
to sink, Matt. 14: 30.

oka kaniachi, v. t., to mire.

oka lahba, n., lukewarm water; tepid
water.

oka lapalika, n., the waterside.

oka laua, a., sloshy.

oka lashpa, n., hot water; oka lashpa on-
tatabli, v. t., to scald; oka lashpa ota-
tapa, pp., scalded.

oka libesha, n., warm water.

okaluak, okeluak,n.,ardentspirits; lit.,
fire water, an early name for spirits.

Oka lusa, Oke lusa, n., name of a creek;
name of a Roman Catholic priest.

oka la®ya, n., a slop; spilt water; slosh.

oka tobukachi, y. a. i., to douse.

oka mali, n., the south; lit., the water
wind, Matt. 12: 42.

oka mah, a., south.

oka mali, v. n., to be south.

oka mali hashi aiokatula itintakla,

a., southwest.

oka mali hashi akuchaka itintakla,
a., southeast.

oka mali imma, adv., southward; south-
erly.

oka mati mali, n., the south wind.

[BULL. 46

oka mah pila, ady., southward; south-
erly; toward the south; southern.

oka mali pilla, adv., at the south; in the
south.

oka nowa, okokanowa, v. a. i., to wade
in the water; to walk in the water.

oka nowa, n., a wading.

oka ont alaka, n., the shore; the coast;
a beach; a strand; the water-edge.

oka pa"ki, oka pa"kki, n., wine; grape
water, Matt. 9: 17; 11: 19; oka panki
paska nan isht alhpisa apa, to commune
at the Lord’s table.

oka patki aialhto, n., a wine cask.

oka pa®ki aiishko, n., a wine glass.

oka pa"ki humma, n., red wine; port
wine; claret wine.

oka pa"ki ishko shah, n., a wine bib-
ber.

oka pa®ki kanchi, n., a wine merchant.

oka piakachi, v. a. i., to run in waves;
to wave, as water in large waves; wis-
akachi (q. v.), to run in small waves.

oka piakachi, pp., made to wave; agi-
tated, as water.

oka pit afohopa, v. a. i., to fall, as wa-
ter; to roar, as falling water.

oka pit afohopa, n., a cascade; a water-
fall.

oka pit akinafa, n., a cascade; a water-
fall.

oka pit akinifa, v. a. i., to fall, as water.

oka poakachi, y. a.i., to run in large
waves; to wave.

oka poakachi, pp., made to run in large _

waves.

oka pokafa, v. t., to dash water.

oka pokpokechi, to cause the water to
foam.

oka pokpoki, v. a. i., to foam.

oka pokpoki, n., foam; surf.

oka sita, n., the edge of the water; the
water-edge.

oka takba, n., astringent water; bitter
water.

oka talaia, n.,a puddle; standing water.

oka talali, yv. t., to settle a liquid; to
cause to sink or go down in a liquid.

oka tanch afotoha, n.; a water mill.

oka tala, y. a. i., to subside, as water; to
settle, as a liquid; to fall to the bottom
of liquor.

oka tala, pp., settled.

oka toba, v. a. i., to water.

————— a

4
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BYINGTON]

oka toba, a., watery.

oka tobli, v. t., te launch; to push into
the water.

oka tobli, n., a launch.

oka umba, okumba, n., rainwater.

oka wisakachi, vy. a. i., to wave in small
waves; sinti at ayakma oka yat wisakachi.

oka wisakachi, pp., made to wave.

oka yanallipalhki, n., a rapid; rapids;
a torrent.

Okahpa, n., the name of a tribe called
Quapaw.

Okahpa okhina, n., the Arkansas River.

okaiya, see oka kaiya.

okak, n., a swan.

okak ushi, n., a young swan; a cygnet;
a swan’s ege.

okaloli, v. t., to twist and break bushes,
as a bull with his horns.

okamiy, v. t., to wash the face, i. e., one’s
own face; okamali, I wash my face.

okamichi, vy. t., to wash the face of an-
other; alla ya okamichili, 1 wash the
child’s face.

okashalayi; oka shalali, v. t., to wallow;
to besmear, 2 Sam. 20: 12.

[okataktak, n., the shitepoke;
American green heron.—H. 8. H.]

okatonoli, vy. a. i., to welter.

okatula, v. a. i., to settle; to sink to the
bottom in a fluid; to fall in water; to
set; to go down, as the sun.

okachi, v. t., to water; to let into the
water, John 20: 6 [?]; pass., wlhkachi,
to be watered or soaked; from oka,
John 21: 6; Matt. 4: 18; 13: 47; cast
into (the sea); Matt. 17: 27; see okkachi.

okataha, y. a. i., to descend, Josh. 7:5;
Gen. 24:45; okattahha, afternoon; ok-
atahaka, descent, Deut. 9: 21; see John
6: 16.

okatanowa, vy. a. i., to descend, Luke
I) arei/-

okattula, vy. t., v. a.i., to fall into the
water; to plunge into water or any
liquid; pinti at bila kia pishukchi kia
okattula chatuk; to set, as the sun, Josh.
10: 27; see okatula.

okattula, n., a plunge; a fall into a
liquid; one who falls.

okbano, would God, Josh. 7: 7; see hok-
bano.

okbal, ady., in the rear; behind; back-
wards; hind; hinder; see wkbal and
ulbal; obalaka, rearward.

the

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

293

okbal, n., the rear.

okbilhha, vy. i., to sink in water like a
boat ready to fill, Luke 5: 7.

okbililli, a., in water swimming deep.

okbillichi, v. t., to make it swimming
deep.

okbileli, v. a. i., the eyes stand out, Ps.
Taide

okbusha, pp., wrung out; water wrung
out.

okbushli, v. t., to wring out water;
nafoka okbushli; nafohka aiokbusha.

okcha, v. a.i., to wake; to awake; v. n.,
to be awake; to cheer; to rouse; to
watch; nusi tuk osh okcha.

okcha, a., pp., awake; aroused; awaked;
enlivened; excited; flush; incited; in-
spirited; refreshed; roused; stimulated;

vigilant; vivid; vivacious; volatile;
wakeful; wakened ikokcho, a, un-
awaked.

okcha, n., wakefulness; recreation; re-
freshment; vigilance; vyivacity; watch.

okchachi, v. t., to awaken, John 11: 11.

okchaha, pp., hoed; broken up, as land;
cut up, as grass, with a hoe.

okchaha, n., the ground thus hoed.

okcha®k, n., a muskmelon.

okcha"k balama, n., a muskmelon.

okcha®k holba, n., a cucumber.

okchakalbi, a., blue; purple; greenish;
okchakolba, probably from okchako and
holba.

okchatki, a., green, as newly cut wood,
not asa color; raw, 1 Sam. 2: 15; fresh;
rare; crude; alive, as a tree; unripe, as
fruit; live; nipi okchanki, iti okcharki,
shukshi at okchatki, takkon at okchanki;
iti at okchanki on, Luke 23: 31. In
2 Sam. 18: 14 okchanki is applied to
Absalom, as a man alive, but it is usu-
ally applied to things, as iti okchanki,
nipi okchatki.

okchatki, v. n., to be green, raw, fresh,
unripe; okchanki, v. a. i. to live, as a
tree; okchanki, n., rawness.

okchakkuchi, y. n., to be green, or
greenish, like an unripe peach.

okchako, n., blue.

okchako, a., blue.

okchako, okchakko. vy. n., to be blue.

okchako, pp., dyed blue; colored blue.

okchakochi, v. t., to blue; to color blue;
to dye blue.

994 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

okchalechi, v. t., to stimulate; to stir;
to vivificate; to cause to awake; to en-
liven; to prompt; to reanimate; to
vivify; alla yat swiokchalechi; tanampo
tukaffi cha saiokchalecht.

okchalechi, n., a stimulant.

okchali, y. t., to excite.

okchalitka, n., salvation, Luke 3: 6.

okchalinchi, v. t., to save; to rescue;
to deliver from danger, sickness, death,
punishment, etc.; to conserve; to pre-
serve; to protect; ilokchalinchi, to save
himself, Luke 23: 35; ishpiokchalincha-
shke, do thou save us, Matt. 8: 25; si-
okchalinchi, save me, Matt. 14: 30; 18:
lil Woshe 2 la s8s222-

okchalinchi, n, a savior; a deliverer; a
saver.

okchalinchi, n., salvation.

okchalhi, y. t., to break up ground for
planting with a hoe (as some poor
families do); to hoe.

okchali, n., one who breaks up land
with a hoe; a hoer.

okchatichi, v. t., to cause one to break
up land with a hoe.

okchamali, n., green; blue; gray; green-
ness; the rust on copper called verdi-
gris; verdure; okchamashli, pl.

okchamali, a., green; blue; gray; verdant;
okchamashli, pl.

okchamali, y. n., to be green or blue;
okchamashli, pl.

okchamali, v. a. 1., to rust, as copper; to
turn green.

okchamali, pp., dyed green; colored
green; okchamashli, pl.

okchamali bilia, a., evergreen.

okchamali bilia, n., an evergreen.

okchamalichi, y. t., to color green or
blue; to corrode, as copper; okcha-
mashlichi, pl.

okchanawisha, n., an icicle.

okchanlush, n., a small blue bird.

okchanlush chito, n., a peacock, 1
Kings 10: 22.

okchanlush chito hoshi®shi, n., a pea-
cock feather.

okchapassi, okchapaisi, n., a shoal.

okchauabi, a., sizy, like thick soap.

okchauwi, okshauwi, vy. a. i., to be
watery, like tavfula.

[BULL. 46

okchawaha, n., a shoal, or watery, like
tanfula before it is thickened.

okcha"ya, a., alive; living; animate; live;
Chihowa okcharya, living God, Matt. 16:
16; John 4: 10; Josh. 3: 10; 8: 23.

okchatya, v. n., to be alive; to live.

okchatya, vy. a. i., to live; to quicken;
to quick; to subsist; chiokcharya, Josh.
1:5; aiokchanya, to live by, Matt. 4: 4;
aiokchanya, life, Matt. 7: 14.

okcha®ya, pp., made alive; saved alive;
delivered; protected; quickened; re-
suscitated; saved; hatak moma okchatya-
he achi, n., a universalist.

okcha®ya, n., life; time; aiokchaya, life;

hachiaiokcharya, your life, Matt. 6: 25.

okchatya hinla, a., salvable.

okcha®ya takla, n., life; time.

okcha®yachi, vy. t., to cause to live; to
quicken; to raise, as from the dead; to
resuscitate; to revive.

okcha®yachi, n., a preserver of life; a_

quickener.

okcha®yachi, n., a raising.

okchalabi, v. n., to be thick like soap.

okechali, okchalli, y. t., to awake, Matt.
8: 25; to waken; to wake; to inspirit;
to incite; to excite; to re-create; to re-
fresh; to rouse; differs from okchali or
okchatili, to dig up ground for planting.

okchali, n., a waker; a wakener.

okchala, n., the small blackbird with a
red spot on his wings; hatan, the large
blackbird.

okchala chito, n., a large carnivorous
bird; the loon.

okchi, n., broth; juice; sap; water; ooze.

okchilabi, v. a. i., to thrust out the
tongue.

okchilabi, n., one who thrusts out the
tongue.

okchilaklali, v. a. i. pl., to thrust out
the tongue.

okchilaklali, n., those who thrust out
their tongues, or the acts in so doing.

okchilaua, a., sappy; juicy.

okchiloha, n., a wren; name of a small
bird; see chiloha.

okchila, see isht okchila, n., a riddle.

okchilali, n., a large gazing eye.

okchilanli, vy. a. i., to gaze about; to
stare at; to gaze at.

okchita"shli, y. a. i. pl., to gaze about;
to stare at.

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okchila®shli, n., large rolling eyes.

okchilunli, vy. a. i., togazeat; tostare at.

okchilunli, n., large eyes; goggled eyes;
sharp eyes.

okchito (from oka and chito), n., high
water; an inundation; a flood; a
freshet; a aeluge; a land flood; a water
flood; okchitot ala, floods came, Matt.
(225, 27.

okchito, v. a. i., to rise, as water; to be-
come a flood.

okchito, pp., deluged; floated; flooded;
inundated.

okchito aiali, n., high-water mark.

okchitochi, v. t., to make a flood; to
flow; to overflow: to inundate; to de-
luge; to flood.

okchitoli (from oka and chitoli), v. t., to
flow; to make a flood; to deluge; to
inundate.

okchu?s, n., the name of a bird; the kill-
dee.

okchushba, y.a.i., to ooze and run out;
to form matter and run, as an old sore;
applied to wounded trees and plants
when the sap oozes out; okchohushba,
Luke 16: 21.

okchushba, n., the matter which runs
from an old sore; a running sore; an
old ulcer; serous matter; virus; water.

okchushbachi, yv. t., to cause a sore to
discharge a watery matter.

oke, part., it is, from 0 and ke; ke is final;
akoke, itis the, Matt. 2: 5, 6; shilup oke,
it is a spirit, Matt. 14: 26.

oke homi, oka homi (q. v.); ardent
spirits.

oke luak, oka luak (q.v.), ardent spirits.

Oke lusa, see Oka lusa.

okfa (sing. ), okfati (pl.), n.,a valley; a
vale; a dale; a glen; aravine; 1 Kings
10: 27; Josh. 10:12.

okfa maiha, n., a wide valley.

okfa pattasachi, n., low flat land; low
land; a meadow; bottom land.

okfaha, pp., shown by argument.

okfah, v. t., to exhibit or show by argu-
ment.

okfatya, ufka®ya, v.i., to stick or run
a piece of wood, etc., into one’s own
flesh; saiokfarya, ete.

okfichoha, n., a small round hill.

okfoata, see okhoata.

okfoalli, see okhoalli.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

295

okfochush, n.,a duck. This is the com-
mon name for ducks, both tame and
wild. The different species of wild
ducks are distinguished by different
names, as oklubbi, hinluk, hankhoba.

okfochush nakni, n., adrake.

okfochush tek, n., a duck; a female
duck.

okfochushushi, n., a young duck; a
duck’s egg.

okfulli; okfoyullit oklobushlichi, vy. t., to
suck.

okha, ukha, v. t., to take back; to get
satisfaction; to revenge; to win back
what has been lost ata game; okhat isso;
okhat ishi; okhat imabi; ilaiokha banna,
he wants to avenge himself; ilaiukha,
to revenge himself; to take pay; to
recompense himself; to retaliate; to
revenge; to take vengeance, 1 Sam. 14:
24; ilaiokhali, I avenge myself, 2 Kings
9: 7; waiokla, n., an avenger, Josh. 10:
13; 20: 2.

okha, n., an avenger.

okha, n., recapture; satisfaction; ven-
geance.

okhaiyanli, a., cross-eyed.

okhaiyanli, v. n., to be cross-eyed.

okhaiyanli, n., cross-eyes.

okhapayabhi, a., cloudy; hazy clouds.

okhatali, a., pale.

okhatapa, v. t., to obstruct.

okhatabli, y. t., to fend, as fire.

okhawi, v. t., to catch; to hook up; isht
okhawi, a flesh hook, Num. 4: 14.

okhapaioha, n., thin clouds.

okhapaioli, v. i., to form thin clouds.

okhata n.,alake, Josh. 1:4; alarge pond;
a bay; a gulf; an arm of the sea; the
water; a sea; okhata ha”, the sea, Matt.
8: 24; okhata, sea, Matt. 13: 1, 47; 14:
24. 25226-10329 Wis 27 Se) 6:

okhata aiabeka, n., seasickness; sea-
sick.

okhata aiahalaia, a., maritime.

okhata aialhtaha, a., marine.

okhata a®ya, n., a seaman.

okhata bikeli, n., the tide.

okhata chito, n., an ocean, Josh. 1: 4;
a sea; the deep; the great sea; the pro-
found.

okhata chito a®ya, n., a voyage at
sea.

okhata chito a”ya, n., a voyager.

296 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

okhata chito lapalika, n., the sea coast;
the seaside.

okhata filamminchi, n., an arm of the
sea or of a lake.

okhata imma, a., maritime; of or con-
cerning the sea.

okhata lapalika, n., sea coast, Matt.
4:13; Luke 6:17; ‘‘by the sea,’’ Josh.
Ol:

okhata oka, n., sea water.

okhata ont alaka, n., the sea bank, sea-
board, sea coast, seashore; the strand.

okhatushi, n., a pond.

okhilishta, pp., shut; closed.

okhina, n., ariver, 2Sam. 24:5; Josh.
1: 4; 12:2; a water course; a ford; a
stream.

okhina akka nowat topulli, v. t., to ford
a river; to wade a river.

okhina akucha, n., a ford, Josh. 2: 7.

okhina ikbi, v. t., to make a canal.

okhina ikbi, n., a canal. ~

okhina oka, n., river water.

okhina ontalaka,n., the brink ofariver,
Voshaiss soma

okhina takchaka, n., the margin of a
river; a river’s side.

okhinak, hinak, v. a. i., to tassel, as
corn.

okhinak, n., a corn tassel.

okhisa, okhissa, n., a door, Matt. 6: 6;
the aperture or the gate of the house, 2
Kings 9: 3, 10, an entrance; anentry; a
gate; light; a threshold; a vestibule,
Matt. 7: 18; 16: 18; Josh. 2: 5; 82 29.

okhisa aiafacha, n., a door latch.

okhisa apistikeli, n., a janitor; a door-
keeper; a porter.

okhisa alhtoba ahoyo, n., a tollgate.

okhisa imokhoata, n., a door bar.

okhisa isht afacha, n., a door latch.

okhisa isht alhkama, n., the door
which fills the aperture.

okhisa isht takali, n., a door hinge.

okhisushi, n., a window, 2 Kings 9: 30;
Josh. 2: 15.

okhisushi isht alhkama, n., a window
blind; a window shutter.

okhitsh, see ikhinsh, and ishkitsh.

okhishta, v. t., to shut a door; to close,
1 Sam. 1: 6; to close the eyes, Matt.
13: 15; see ukhishta.

okhitta, vy. t., to shut; imokhitta, shut
him up.

[BULL. 46

okho, int., nay, chiaiyamohmi foka imokho-
achi.

okhoata, ady., sideways.

okhoata, okfoata, okhowata, a.,
crosswise; across; athwart.

okhoata, v. n., to be across or crosswise;
vy. a. i., to lie across; alla yat topa yan
okhoata hosh onitonla.

okhoata, pp., laid across.

okhoata foni, n., a rib bone.

okhoataka, okhowataka, n., the side
or sides; a crosspiece; abaiya is the
length or the height; but the breadth
of cloth is okhoataka, 1 Kings 6: 31.

okhoatakachi, a., crosswise.

okhoatakachi, y. n. pl., to be crosswise;
torun or lie crosswise; nan tanna yan ok-
hoatakachit ikbi, work up the cloth
crosswise, so that the long seams will
run round the person.

okhoatali, okfoatali, y. t. sing., to lay
it across or crosswise; to cross; to
thwart; iti a” ishokhoatali, do you lay
the stick crosswise.

okhoatachiy, v. t., to cause it to lie across;
okhoatakachi, pl., see 1 Kings 7: 2, 3;
2 Kings 1: 2.

okhoatkachi, n., a slat; a crosspiece; a
crossbar; a round.

okhoalli, okfoalli, v. t. pl., to lay them
crosswise, as the rounds of a ladder.

okhomi, see oka homi.

okhowata, see okhoata.

okhowataka, see okhoataka.

okinta, int., well, try again; a word of
daring, used in renewing fights and
after losses.

okissa, v. t., to purify ceremoniously; to
fast; a dog is said to okissa when he
eats green grass and vomits; okilissa, to
purify one’s self; okilissa, her purifica-
tion, Luke 2: 22.

okissa, n., a ceremonious purification; a
fast (observed after going to war, etc. );
an old heathenish rite.

okissa nitak, a fast day; a purification
day.

okissachi, y. t., to purify another; to
cause to purify; oka hanta isht okissachit
hochifo, to christen; oka hanta isht okissat
hochifo, pp., christened.

okishko, y. t., to tipple: to drink ardent
spirits; v. a.1., to soak.

okishko, a., sottish.

+4

BYINGTON]

okishko, n., a drunkard; a tippler; a
bibber.

okishko, n., intemperance; drunkenness.

okishko fehna, vy. t., to carouse.

okishko laua, n., a row.

okishko matya, n., a carousal; a row;
a drunken frolic.

okishko maya, v. t., to havea drunken
frolic.

okishko shali, n., a sot; a great drunk-
ard; an habitual drunkard; a_ bibber;
a tippler; a soaker; a toper.

okisht alhpisa, n., a gallon.

okkachi, okachi, v. t., to wet; to soak;
to set down into water, Luke 5: 4; to
soften; to steep, 1 Sam. 14: 27; oka-
hanchi freq.; pass. ulhkachi.

okkachi, n., a soaker.

okkattaha, y. a. i., to descend; to go
down, Josh. 10: 11; hashi at okkattaha,
the sun descends, as at 2 p.m.; hashi at
okkattahat akkia, the sun descends and
goes down, asat4 p. m.; okkattahakatia,
the descent goes.

okkattahaka, n., the side of a hill; the
foot of a hill; under a hill; the slope;
okkattahaka hikia na abeli, I killed him
when standing at, ete.

okkattahakaia, n., a declivity.

okkattahakachi, v. t., to slope.

okko, int. of surprise, sorrow, and regret.

okkohonlih, y. a. i., to have a Roman
nose.

okla, n., a people; a tribe; a nation; cit-
izens; folks; persons; men; population,
2 Sam. 24: 2; a tongue; a multitude,
Matt. 8: 1; inhabitants; they, i. e.,
mankind, animals, and things, John 1:
37 (when employed in this manner as
a pronoun the particle pronoun ¢ is
omitted); a community; a party; a
region; applied to boats, as isht iat okla,
Luke 5: 7; Spani okla, Spanish people;
people of Spain; Spaniards; Miliki okla,
American people; people of America;
Americans. In this way it corresponds
to national adjectives, as French, ete.;
Pask okla, Bread people, Pascagolians
[Pascagoula]; Chahta okla talaia, the
one nation, or the single tribe of Choc-
taw; hatak apihumma, oklataloha puta,
all Indian tribes; hatak toli okla, a ball-
playing people; okla ibbak, their hands,
Matt. 15: 2; imokla inholitopa, a., patri-

A DICTIONARY OF THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 297
otic; okla, following a verb, is dual, as
anumpulit oklatok, preceding a verb it is
plural; see John 9: 23, 24; oklaachi,
they say, i. e., people say; Matt. 11:
18; oklat achi, all the people say, i. e.,
the people say; hatak ashosh okla nukla-
kancha, Matt. 8: 27; okla, they, often
thus used before verbs; okla abi tukma,
Matt. 17: 23; okla, n., the relatives of
a man’s wife, and his sister’s husband;
amoklama, my people (pl.); my coun-
tryman (sing.); of my wife’s family, it
is used in the singular number; ok/a,
in the dual number, of persons and
things and animals; achit oklatok, they
two said, Matt. 8, 29; neg. form, tashkit
ikoklo kinsha hon, Josh. 2: 8.

okla achafa itibi, n., a civil war; imokla
achafa intanampi, n., an insurrection.

okla achafa itibi, y. t., to have a civil
war.

okla ahalaia, a., national; pertaining to
a people.

okla anumpa kobaffiy, n., sedition. °

okla chafa, n., one people; asingle tribe;
countrymen; a fellow citizen.

okla chito, okla chinto, n., a multitude,
Matt. 5: 1; the multitude, Matt. 9: 8;
a great people, Luke 3, 7 [?]; many;
great multitudes, Matt. 8: 1.

okla chito, a., populous.

okla iksho, a., without inhabitants; des-
olated.

okla ilappako®, in them, Matt. 13: 15.

okla imanukfila, n., their thoughts,
Matt. 12: 25.

okla inla, n., a foreign people; foreign-
ers.

okla laua, n., a multitude, Matt. 13: 2;
14:5, 14, 15, 19, 22, 23.

okla laua, a., populous.

okla makali, n., the vulgar.

okla moma, n., the public; all people;
a republic.

okla moma, a., public.

okla moma immi, a., belonging to the
public.

oklanan ikithano,n., gentiles; heathen,
Matt. 6: 32.

okla nana i"kaniohmi chito, see nana
inkaniohmi chito,

okla petichi, n., officers, Josh. 8: 33.

298

okla talaia, n., one people; one nation,
Matt. 1: 21; imokla talaia, his people.

oklabbi, v. a. i., to lap, as a dog; see labbi;
pp-, lapping.

oklabbi, n., a lapper.

oklobushli, y. a. i. sing., to dive; to dip;
to plunge; to go under water; to duck;
to sink; to submerge; isht ochi at oklo-
bushi.

oklobushli, pp., plunged; immersed;
ducked; submerged; whelmed.

oklobushli, n., a diver; a plunger.

oklobushli, n., immersion.

oklobushlichi, y. t., to dip; to immerse;
to put under water; to duck; to plunge
under water; to immerge; to merge;
to sink; to souse; to submerge; to
whelm.

oklobushlichi, n., immersion.

oklubbi, v. a. i. pl., to dive; to dip; to
plunge; to duck; to submerge; kilok-
lubbi, let us dive in.

oklubbi, pp., ducked;
whelmed.

oklubbi, n., the name of a duck; a
diver.

oklubbichi, vy. t., to dip; to immerse
them; to duck; to beduck; to souse;
to submerge; to whelm.

okluha, a., ali; the whole, 2 Kings 9: 8;
everyone; universal; hatak oklutha, all
men; nan oklu"ha, all things, Matt. 7:
ellie sel (a) Lal:

oklutha, v. n., to be all; oklulunha, a
frequentative, Josh. 14: 9.

okluhanchi, y. t., to extend to all;
okluhanchit ipetalahinla? Shall I feed
all? okluhanchit ithaiyana, he knows
all things.

okluhant, cont., as okluhant anoli, re-
late the whole.

okluhant ishi, y. t., to take the whole.

okluthachi, vy. t., to make or cause all, 2
Kings 9: 24.

okluthalhi, y. a. i., to make very much.

oklu"halinchi, y. t., to cause to reach to
all; oklahalinchit haklo, to hear all, Luke
2: 20.

oklusbi, n., dusk; dark; darkish; see
okpolusbi.

oklush inla, n., a foreign tribe or nation;
strangers; foreigners.

oklush inla, a., foreign.

immersed;

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

oklush inla hatak, n., a foreigner; a
foreign man.

oklushi, n., a small tribe; a small people;
a family; a nation; hatak api humma
oklushi taloha puta ka ishimnukharklashke.

oklushi ahalaia, a., national.

oklushi abanumpa ikithano, n., gen-
tiles; pagans; a heathen nation.

oklushi nan ikithano, n., heathen,
Matt. 6: 7.

oktachatko, a., muddy; miry.

oktacha"ko, y. n., to be muddy or miry.

oktacha®kochi, y. t., to make it muddy.

oktachitko, a., muddy; miry.

oktachitko, y. n., to be muddy.

oktachi®kochi, y. t., to render it muddy.

oktafashli, n., the end of a house log
after it is put up.

oktafashlichi, y. a. i., to put the log out
too far.

okta™shko, n., a fen.

okta™shko, a., wet and miry; fenny.

okla™shko, y. n., to be wet and miry.

okia™shko, n., a moor; a fen.

okta®shkochi, y. t., to make it wet and
miry.

oktauinli, a., striped.

oktauinli, y. n., to be striped; kofi at
oktauinli; nantanna yat oktauint.

oktauinlichi, y. t., to make stripes.

oktichanli, a., having dirty eyes; dirty-
eyed, produced either by a sore or
neglect.

oktichanli, vy. n., to be dirty-eyed.

oktichanli, n., a dirty eye.

oktichoshli, oklicha®shli, a. pl., having
dirty eyes.

oktichoshli, y. n., to be dirty-eyed.

oklilahpi, n., the first darkness; even-
ing; vespers.

okhlampi, n., evening.

oktilechi, y. t., to produce darkness; to
darken; to becloud; to bedim; to cloud;
to dim; aboha ya” oktilechi, to darken
the room; to embrown; onoktilechi, to
bring darkness on him; to benight one;
to shadow; to obscure.

oktileka, n., the dark; darkness, John
1: 5; a dark place; the place of dark-
ness; tali chiluk anuka kat oktileka fehna.

okhili, a., dark; dismal; gloomy; mel-
ancholy; obscure; opaque; rayless;
shadowy; sombre; umbrageous; pp.,

BYINGTON]

darkened; shaded; onoklili, benighted;
dark on him; n., opacity.

okhili, ady., obscurely.

okiili, v. n., to be dark, Matt. 6: 23;
oktieli.

okhili, vy. a. i., to darken; to be dark,
Josh. 2: 5; oktilit taha katimako chiaio-
nokkili, where did it darken on you?
oktieli.

oktili, n., darkness, Matt. 6: 23; dark.
an eclipse; gloom; melancholy; ob-
scureness; opacity; a shadow.

okhli impa, n., supper.

okiili taloa, n., an evening song or
hymn; an even song.

okhlitka, n., darkness, Matt. 10: 27.

oktilinchi, y. a.i., to dawn; onnat oktilin-
chi, the day dawns; onnat minti, the day
comes.

okhilinchi, n., the dawn of day.

oktotbi, oktulbi, okhubli, n., a rill.

okma, he whom, John 3: 34 [?]; conj.,
mitko okma, ushi okma, either the king
or his son; achafahoshminko okma, atukla
kato usht attok, Chihowa hokat hatak
okma, nanta hatokosh illahe keyushke;

achikakokma, keyukmat, tani cha nowa, -

achi kak okma, Matt. 9:5; inki okma,
keyukmat ishki okma, ‘father or moth-
er,’ Matt. 15: 4, 6; chibbak okma, chiyi
yokma, Matt. 18: 8. Compounds: ok-
mak—okmaka—okmakano—okmakato —
okmakhe—okmakheno—o km ak het—ok-
mako —okmakocha—okmakoka—okmak-
okano — okmakokat — okmakokato — cok -
makoke—okmakokia—okmakona—okma-
kosh—okmakot—okmano—okmano—
okmat—okmato.

okmalli, see okmoffi.

okmilali, a., bald; having very short
hair on the head.

okmilali, y. n., to be bald; sheki at ok-
milali, fakit at okmilali.

okmilali, n., baldness.

okmilalichi, v. t., to make bald; to trim
off the hair on the head quite short.

okmilashli, a. pl., bald.

okmilashli, y. n., to be bald.

okmilashlichi, vy. t., to make bald.

okmiloh, okmiloli, a. pl., bald; having
the hair or ears cut short off.

okmiloli, v. n. pl., to be bald or to be
cropped short; shukhatokmiloti, isuba hat
okmiloti.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

299

okmilolichi, vy. t. pl., to cut the hair
of the head or the ears short; to crop
close off.

okmilonli, a., bald.

okmisikali, y. a. i. pl., to raise or move
the eyebrows; done by boys at play to
entice others to play; okmisakanshli, v.
aie ple

okmisli, vy. a. i., to give a wink by
raising the eyebrows.

okmocholi, v. a. i., to close the eyes; to
have the eyes closed.

okmoffi, okmalli, n., a rill or small
branch.

okochi, vy. t., to draw water.

okochi, n., a drawer of water.

okokaiilli, y. a. i., todrown.

okokaiilli, pp., drowned.

okokanowa, v. a. i., to wade; see oka
nowd.

okokanowa, n., a wader.

okokahbi, v. t., to drown; to kill in the
water.

okokko, int. of dissatisfaction or surprise.

okokkoahni, y. a.i., to marvel; to won-
der.

okokkoahni, n., a marvel; a wonder.

okokkoahni, a., marvelous.

okokkoaiahni, v. a. i., to admire.

okokkoaiahnichi, y.
to amaze; to astound.

okomo, y. t., to dissolve in water, as
sugar, salt, etc.; alhkomo pp.

okomuchi, y. t., to melt; to dissolve.

okomuchi, n., a melter.

okpalali, v. a.i., to float; to swim on
the water; to drift; iti at okpalali.

okpalali, n., a float; a floating.

okpalalichi, v. t., to float; to cause to
swim.

okpaloh, v. a. i. pl., to float; to swim;
also n. pl.

okpalotichi, vy. t., to float; to swim;
to cause to float.

okpani, v. t., to destroy, Matt. 5: 17;
Josh. 2: 10; to spoil; to abolish; to
ruin; to injure; to mar; to scathe; to
rend, Matt. 7: 6; to abuse; to blemish;
to hurt; to consume; to contaminate; to
corrupt; to damage; to damnify; to de-
face; to defile; to deprave; to depredate;
to devastate; to devour, Matt. 15:11,
18, 20; to eat; to exterminate; to extin-
guish; to harm; to hayoe; to infect; to

t., to astonish;

800 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

lose; to misimprove; to misuse; to
muddle; to mutilate; to overthrow; to
palsy; to pervert; to profane; to raze;
to ravage; to remove; to ruin; to slur;
to trespass; to undo; to unmake; to
vitiate; to vilify; to violate; to waste;
ilokpani, to destroy himself; to abuse
himself, ete.; pisaokpani, vy. t., to dis-
figure; itimokpani, to destroy for each
other; imaiokpani, v. t., to foil; okpaty-
ani, pro. form,

okpani, n., a spoiler; a destroyer; a
hurter; aravager; aruiner; a perverter;
a profaner; a violator; ilokpani, a self-
destroyer; aiokpant, Matt. 6:19, 20.

okpanichi, y. t., to cause ruin, destruc-
tion; to make of none effect; to cumber
or mar, Matt. 15: 6; aokpaninchi, to
cumber, Luke 13: 7.

okpanit tali, v. t., to consume; to de-
stroy utterly; to raze.

okpata, okpatha, n., the shoulder-

blade; the blade bone of man and beast. -

okpata foni, n., the shoulder-blade.

okpeli, y. t., to skim off cream, froth,
etc.; okpiha, pp.

okpicheli, y. a. i., to grow or spring up,
as grass and weeds in the spring; to rise
to the brim, like water.

okpichelichi, okpichechi, y. a. i., to
grow or spring up, as grass.

okpiyanli, n., a word of reproach, a dis-
gusting epithet.

okpolusbi, n., dark; dusk; twilight; ves-
pers, 2 Kings 7: 5.

okpolusbichi, y. t., to render it dark.

ckpolo, y. n., to be in a passion; to be
dissatisfied, as imokpoto, he is dissat-
isfied or he is angry.

okpulo,a., bad, Matt. 13: 48; vile; wrong;
wicked; absurd; arrant; base; baleful;
angry, Luke 4: 28; dirty; corrupt; de-
generate; unclean, Matt. 12: 48; delete-
rious; deplorable; difficult; dire; dire-
ful; dismal; evil; fatal; faulty; fear-
ful; fell; felonious; fiendish; flagi-
tious; flagrant; foul; gross; harsh; hei-
nous; horrible; horrid; hurtful; ill;
immoral; impetuous; impure; inclem-
ent; indecent; indirect; injurious;
licentious; monstrous; nasty; naughty;
noisome; noxious; obnoxious; obscene;
odious; offensive; opprobrious; outra-
geous; pernicious; preposterous; pro-

[putt. 46

fane; rough; ruinous; sanguinary; sav-
age; sinful; sinister; sordid; terrible;
terrific; ugly; vicious; vulgar; waste;
wrong; imokpulo, displeased with him;
harmed; hurt; itimokpulo, displeased
with each other.

okpulo, y. n., to be bad, or vile; okpunlo,
nasal form; okpoyulo, pro. form.

okpulo, y. a. i., to corrupt; to spoil; to
damage; to fall; to perish, Matt. 5: 30.

okpulo, n., evil, Matt. 5:11; badness;
vileness; asperity; damage; destruction;
depravity; devastation; an enormity;
a fall; a hazard; harm; havoc; a hurt;
impurity; meanness; an overthrow;
pollution; rascality; ruin; sinfulness;
turpitude; wickedness; wrong; ikok-
polo, ikokpulo, a., unharmed; un-
injured; unspoiled; unviolated; un-
tainted.

okpulo, pp., ruined; destroyed; abol-
ished; spoiled; spoilt; consumed; con-
taminated; corrupted; damaged; dam-
nified; defaced; defiled; depraved;
depredated; devastated; exterminated;
extinguished; harmed; infected; in-
jured; lost; misshapen; muddled; mu-
tilated; perverted; polluted; razed;
ravaged; undone; vitiated; violated;
wasted; imokpulo, harmed.

okpulo, ady., badly; overmuch; rascally;
vilely; sabanna okpulo; umba okpulo.

okpulo fehna, a., abominable; atrocious;
nefarious; worse.

okpulo i2_shaht tali, a., worst.

okpulo isht i"shat ia, a., worse; ikok-
pulo, a., inoffensive; unharmed.

okpulo keyu, a., incorrupt.

okpulochi, y. t., 1 Sam. 1: 6, to make her
fret; to provoke; okpulohonchi, 1 Sam.
eet

okpuloka, n., fall; ruin, Matt. 7: 27.

okpulosali, a., very inferior.

okpulot, ady., badly.

okpulot ia, okpulot ishtia, v. a. i., to
degenerate.

okpulot iktaho, a., unconsumed.

okpulot taha, pp., razed; utterly de-
stroyed.

okpulot taha, a., crazy; lost, Matt. 18:11;
Luke 19: 10; perished; Matt. 18: 14.

oksuk, uksak (q. v.), n., a hickory nut.

oksakohchi, n., the high bush whortle-
berry.

BYINGTON]

oksanla, n., a mouse (a Six-towns word—
Billy Thomas). Itis a kind that eats
sweet potatoes in the hill.

oksup, n., a long bead, sometimes 2
inches long, or a large, round bead;
wampum. The long kind were once
dear. ikonla apakfopa achafakmat isuba
itt illibekatok.

oksup taptua, n., ajoint snake.

okshachobi, n., twilight.

okshachobi, vy. a. i., v. n., to become
twilight; to be twilight.

okshachobichi, vy. t., to cause twilight
to appear.

okshahala, v. a. i., to be like the feces
in diarrhea when streaked with blood.

okshakala, v. a. i., to rise, as water.

okshakla, n., high water; deep water.

okshalinchi, y. t., to make it coarse,
sleazy.

okshammi, a., hoarse.

okshammi, v. n., to be hoarse; sioksham-
mi, I am hoarse.

okshammi, n., hoarseness.

okshammichi, v. t., to cause hoarseness.

okshauanli,a., fair; clear; washed bright
and clean; pp., bleached; whitened;
hatak okshauanli, ohoyo okshauanh, na-
foka okshauanli.

okshauanli, y. n., to be fair, clear, clean.

okshauanlichi, v. t., to cause it to be
fair, clear, bright; to hleach; na foka
achefat ishokshauanlichi.

okshauashli, a. pl., fair; clear; bright;
clean.

okshauashli, y. n. pl., to be clear or fair;
okshauanshli, n. f.

okshauashlichi, y. t., to make clear; to
bleach.

okshauina, okshawilah, n., a sty; a
small boil on the eyelid; shawilah, hoshe-
lah.

okshauoha, a., shallow.

okshauoha, vy. n., to be shallow.

okshauwi, see okchauwi.

okshawilah, see okshauwina.

okshachinli, a., coarse, sleazy, like cot-
ton baling; not woven tight; not knit
tight.

okshachinli, y. n., to be coarse, sleazy.

okshash, n., acorn pudding; mush made
of acorns,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

301

okshianli, a., narrow, as a strip of land,
or the forehead or face.

okshichanli, a., sleazy.

okshifeli, a., coarse, as corn after being
beaten for tanfula before it is riddled
and fanned.

okshifeli, y. n., to be coarse.

okshifeli, n., the rough appearance of
corn in the aboye state.

okshikali, vy. t., to sprinkle; okshikanli,
nasal form.

okshika®shli, vy. t. pl., to sprinkle.

okshilama, a., sloping;
gradually descending.

okshilama, vy.
at okshilama.

okshilama, n., a descent; down hill.

okshilammi, v. a. i., to go down hill.

okshilita, yv. a. i., to shut.

okshillita, okshilita, pp., shut; closed;
barred; fastened, aboha yat okshillita;
itonabi at okshillita; holisso hat okshillita;
ikokshilito, a., unshut; okshillinta, n. f.
Luke 4:25.

okshilonli, oksholonli, a., having hol-
low eyes; hollow-eyed, or white.

okshilonli, vy. n., to be hollow, as the
eyes.

okshilonli, oksholonli, n., hollowness
of the eyes, as the socket of the eye
after it is taken out; okshilonlichi, ok-
sholonlichi, v. t.

okshimmi, n., a mist; a drizzling.

okshimmichi, y. a.i., to drizzle; to mist;

9

to sprinkle; okshimmihinchi, Deut. 32: 2.

descending;

n., to be sloping; nani

okshinilli, v. a. i., to swim.

okshinilli, n., a swimmer.

okshinillichi, y. t., toswim; to cause to
swim.

okshipanli, v. a. i., to appear as the socket
of the eye after it is out.

okshiplichi, v. a. i., to mist.

okshita, okshitta, v. t. sing., to shut;
to close; to bar; to fasten; to block up;
to embar; imokshita, to fend; see ok-
hishta.

okshita, n., one who shuts.

okshiyanli, a., long and narrow, as a
strip of land.

okshochobi, n., dark; beginning of dark-
ness; okshochohbichi, Ch. Sp. Book, pp.
93, 94.

302

okshohonli, vy. a. i., to be speckled
white and gray, the color of a cow’s
hair.

oksholonli, n., hollow eyes;
lonli.

okshonli, vy. a. i., to ear; to head, as
English grain; tanch pashi himo ku-

see okshi-

chakma okshonli.

okshonli, pp., eared; headed.

okshonulli, v. a. i., to swim; isuba hat
okshonulli.

okshonulli, a., being deep enough to
swim; being too deep to ford.

okshonulli, n., a swimmer.

okshonullichi, y. t., to swim; to cause
to swim.

okshulba, v. i., to rise, as water on the
bank of a stream.

[okshulba, n., the wild honeysuckle.—
HS. Hs]

okshulbi, n., a rill.

okshunak talali, n., a sandbar.

oktababi, a., mixed like mush.

oktak, n., a prairie; a savanna; a field,
Matt. 6: 30.

oktak ushi, n., a small prairie.

oktalonli, a., white-eyed; blue-eyed;
gray-eyed; oktalushli, pl.

oktalonli, vy. n., to be white-eyed; okta-
lushli, pl.; nahollo kanimi kat nishkin ok-
talonli chatuk.

oktalonli, n., a white eye; a blue eye;
a gray eye; oktalushli, n. pl., white
eyes; blue eyes; gray eyes.

oktaneli, a., shining.

oktanelichi, y. t., to shine; to make a
shining appearance, as the sun when
coming out of a cloud.

oktahbi, v. t., to kill by frost.

oktabi, a., frostbitten.

oktablahe keyu, a., irresistible.

oktabli, v. t., to hold; to prevent; to re-
tard; to stifle; to dam; to stop water,
breath, or air; to chokea creek, etc.; to
clog; to bar; to arrest; to obstruct; to
block up; to intercept; (to check is
imoktabli); oka ya® oktabli; kinta aioktab-
li, a beaver dam; isht fiopa yan oktabli,
to stop the breath; imoktabli, to check;
to defend; to detain.

oktabli, n., one who dams, stops, or ob-
structs; an obstructer; a stopper.

oktabli, n., an obstruction,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

oktani, otani, y. a. i., to appear in sight,
but at a distance; to appear, Matt. 6: 16;
13: 26; to be revealed, Matt. 10: 26;
hashi at oktani; sheki at oktani; luak at
oktani; isht otani, to be known by,
Matt. 12: 33; pala at itoktani; oktaiyani,
pro. form.

oktani, otani, n., an appearance; isht
otani, n., a testimony, Matt. 8: 4.

oktanichi, otanichi, y. t., to cause to
appear, Matt. 6: 4, 18; to reveal, Matt.
11: 25, 27; 16: 17; to make known,
Matt. 12:16; toshow, Matt.7: 23; 12,18;
16: 1; otanichit achili, I profess; aiisht il-
otanihinchishke, show forth themselves
in, Matt. 14: 2; to be given as a sign,
Matt. 16: 4.

oktapa, pp., stopped; dammed; ob-
structed; barred; fastened; choked;
intercepted; prevented; bok at oktapa;
pent koa yat oktapa, the boat is calked;
oktaptua, pl.

oktapa, v. a. i., to choke.

oktapa, n., an obstruction; a suppres-
sion; a dam; oktaptua, pl.

oktaptuli, v. t. pl., to dam; to stop.

oktaptuli, n. pl., those who make dams,
CUCamer

okti, a., frosty; icy.

okti, v. n., to be frosty.

okti, n., frost; ice; an icicle.

okti chito, n., a great frost; much ice;
iciness.

okti chu®ti, n., frozen mud that has been
trodden by horses, as in a prairie.

okti hata, n., a white frost.

okti laua, a., icy. ©

okti pushi, n., fine snow.

okti tohbi, n., a white frost; a hoar frost.

oktitk, n., asmall speckled woodpecker.

oktimpi, n., still water in a river.

oktisheli, sing., oktishishli, pl. a., red, as
the cheek; rosy.

oktoboha, v. a. i., to drizzle; to mist.

oktoboli, v. a. i., to drizzle; to mist.

oktobolichi vy. a. i., to drizzle; to mist;
diminutive of oktoboli.

oktohbi, n., a fog; a haze; a mist; hu-
midity; vapor.

oktohbi, vy. a. i., to vapor.

oktohbichi, oktohbi, a., foggy; hazy;
humid; misty.

oktohbichi, y. n., to be foggy.

BYINGTON]

oktusha, n., a snow.

oktusha, v. a. i., to snow.

oktusha achafa, n., a flake of snow.

oktushachi, v. t., to cause it to snow; to
snow.

oktushshi, n., a green slimy, ropy
matter, found in water ponds or in
shallow water where there is soapstone,

okumba, oka umba, n., rainwater.

okwakli, n. pl., ridges.

okwalonli, a., white-eyed; nishkin okwa-
lonli; okwalu®shli pl.; shikala okwalun-
shli.

okwalonli, y. n., to be white-eyed; okwa-
lunshli, pl.

okwalonli, n., a white eye; okwalu%shli,
pl.

okwichinlh, y. a. i., to scowl; to frown,

okwichinli, n., a scowl; a frown.

okwichinlit pisa, yv. t., to frown; to
look with a frown.

okwilonli; nishkin okwilonli, Gen. 29: 17,

okwotummi, v. i., to mist.

okwotummih, okwotummichih, ok-
watammi, okwatummi, y. a. i., to
drizzle.

okyauinli, y. a. i., to pout; to scowl.

okyauinli, n., one who pouts.

okyauinlit pitsa, oki"yauinlit pisa,
v. a. i., v. t., to scowl upon.

okyifinli, n., the look of a lion.

okyohbi, a., moist; a little wet.

okyoli, v. a. i., to swim; shukha yat
okyoti; shukatti at okyoti.

okyoli, n., aswimmer; a swimming.

okyohi, a., being deep enough to swim;
being too deep to ford; bok at okyoli.

okyoli imponna, n., a swimmer.

okyolichi, v. t., to cause to swim.

ola, v. a. i., to sound; to ring; to blow, as
a horn; to sing, as a bird; to caw, asa
crow; to crow, as a cock; to gobble, asa
turkey; to chink; to chirp; to chime; to
coo; to croak; to jingle; to hoot; to in-
tonate; to screech; to toll; to twang;
okfochush at ola, to quack; ohunla, freq. ;
ikohonlo, Josh. 6: 10.

ola, n., a sound; a blast; a ringing; a
sounding; a crowing; a chirp; a jingle;
a kaw; a ring; a tone; a twang.

ola, pp., sounded; blown; rung.

ola achukma, n., melody.

ola imma, ady., in this direction; this
way of it,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

303

ola itilaui, vy, a. i., to harmonize.

ola itilaui, n., harmony.

ola taklachi, vy. t., to lighten; to reduce
the price.

olabechi, y. t., to hinder; to prevent;
to prevent fighting; allat itinnukoa
hokma olabechi; see olabbechi.

olachi, v. t., to sound; to ring; to wind;
to blow; to chink; to intonate; to
jingle; to play; to strike; to tinkle; to
toll; to toot; to twang; ehachimolachika,
we have piped unto you, Matt. 6: 2;
11:17; aiolachi, to sound there, or at;
olanchi, nas. form; olahanchi, freq. form,
Josh. 6: 4, 8, 9; ohunlahanchi.

olachi, n., one who sounds, blows, etc.;
a player; one who performs on an in-
strument; ajingler; aminstrel; aringer;
a tooter, Matt. 9: 23.

olah, ady., this way; olah minti, come
this way; bok an koi olah at intuklo, two
miles on this side of the creek.

olah, y. n., to be on this side; to be this
side.

olah intannap, a., being on this side of
it; on this side of, Josh. 1: 14, 15.

olah intannap, vy. n., to be on this side
of it.

olanli, ady., nearby; not far; hina yat
olanli pit itonla.

olanli, v. n., to be close by.

Olanlisi, adv., closely; very near—still
nearer than olanit.

olanlisi, v. n., to be very close by; kali
at olanlisi.

olanlisichi, y. t., to cause to be very
near by.

olanlusi, olanlosi, ady., very close by;
at hand, Matt. 3: 2; 10: 7.

olanlusi, v. n., to be very close by.

olasi, ady., near by; near at hand.

olasi, v. n., to be near by.

olabbechi, olabechi (q. v.), v. t., to re-
buke; to prevent; to hinder.

olabbi, v. t., similar in meaning to
alammi; to choke, Matt. 13: 22; to
hinder; to stop; to check; to cross; to
forbid; to inhibit; to interpose; to re-
frain; to restrain; to scant; to stint; to
thwart, Luke 4: 35; imolabbi; la pibanna
tukkia pimolabi; ‘itimolabbi, to contend;
ikimolabo, a., unchecked; ilolabi, to
hinder himself; to deny himself; to
forbear; i/olabi, n., self-denial,

304

olachi, olachi (q. v.), v. t., to sing.

olallahe alhpesa, a., ridiculous.

olalli, v. t., to laugh at; to deride; to
mock; to ridicule; salalli, he laughs at
me; olahanli, freq.

olalli, n., one who laughs at another; a
derider.

olalli, n., ridicule.

olbal, a., behind. .

olbal, see ulbal, Josh. 6: 9, 13; 10: 19;
olbalaka, Luke 2: 43.

olbalhpila, adv., backward; to fall back-
ward, 1 Sam. 4: 18.

olbochi, Ch. Sp. Book, p. 43.

olehma, olema, advy., this way; on this
side; in this direction from it; from
ola and imma.

olimma, ady., this way; on this side.

olitoma, olituma, ady., at a small dis-
tance on the hither side of another
object that is some distance away; chahe
at iti kolofa yamma olitoma yor itonla.

olitomasi, adv., a little way on this side;
a diminutive of olitoma.

ollochi, ollohchi, ullohchi, pp., drawn,
as water from a spring; ochi, v. t.

ollupi, pp., stocked; hafted; handled;
helved; ohpi, v. t.

olana, n., a horsefly.

olana atoba, n., the spawn of flies ad-
hering to the stalks of grass and weeds,
and looking like white foam or spittle.

olana chito, n., a big horsefly; an oxfly;
a gadfly.

olana okchamali, n., the green horsefly
most common on prairies.

ottipa, n., a lid; a cover; a roof.

om, um (q. v.), 0n; upon; sometimes
written 0” and on, according to eu-
phony; omboli, Josh. 8: 31.

oma, part., as chashoma.

omanili, ominili, v. t., to sit on; to back;
to mount; to sit; to perch; (from om
and binili, the letter b of binili being
dropped).

omanili keyu, a., unbacked.

ombala, ompala, n., an opening in the
woods where there are but few large
trees.

ombinili, n., a ride.

ombinili, n., a rider; a seat; a throne,
Matt. 23: 22:

ombitepa, umbitepa, v. t., to press on,
Acts 8: 17, 18.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

ome, int., well; indeed.

ome, yea, Matt. 5: 37.

ome ahni, y. a. i., to assent; to acqui-
esce; to be willing; to grant; to sub-
scribe; to suffer; to take; to tolerate;
to vouchsafe; ome ishahnikma antala-
chin,

ome imahni, y. t., to permit.

omiha, well, it may be; it is so; omiha
and avtiha have nearly the same mean-
ing.

omikato, well; so it is; so it is well
enough; same meaning as yuhmi mati.

ominili, see omanili,

omishke, well; give ear; it is so; a word
used to call attention at the commence-
ment of an address.

ompala see ombala.

ompoholmo, n., a covering, Ex. 26: 7.

ompoholmo, see umpoholmo, covered,
Matt. 10: 26.

ompohomo, y. t., to coyer, Josh. 2: 6;
7: 26; see umpohomo.

on, on; upon; as ontalaia, to sit on; to
stand on; onasha; onitula; onoktili; on-
umba; see o% and om; onakmat, Matt.
12:44; imaiona mat, Matt. 13: 10; 14: 25.

ona, v.a.i., to go to; to reach; to amount
to; to extend to; to attain; to gain; to
go; to repair; to resort; to come to,
Matt. 9: 1; 2:18, 22, 23; aiona, Matt.
10: 6; Luke 3: 2; isht imaiona, they
brought unto him, Matt. 4: 24; 8: 16;
15: 39; to arrive at, in going from the
speaker, John 2: 6; ohona freq., ona
het, Acts 7: 17; to ead to, Matt. 7: 13;
16: 13; to arrive, as time, John 4: 35;
tanchi at ikono; iti chanalii laua kat ha-
chimona keyu?; oyuna, aiona, Luke 2:
21; aiona, to reach to the place, Matt.
10: 6; itimona, to come together; ikitim-
ono, Matt. 1:18; Luke 2: 27; kono, a.,
defective; imperfect; ‘incompetent; in-
correct; ineffectual; insufficient; scant;
short; unqualified; unreached; ikono,
v. a. i., to lack; to want; ikono, n., a
defect; a failing; a lack; a miscarriage;
ascarcity; onahe keyu, a., tnaccessible.

ena is placed after some numerals and
words of multitude, as achafona, to
amount to one; tuklona, tuklo ona,
to amount to two; kanimona, kani ma
ona; katimona, ete., hach isht ohonahe,
**ye shall be brought.”’

BYINGTON]

ona, n., an arrival; a pass; a reach.

onachi, vy. t., to cause to reach; to cause
to go to; to attain, meaning in skill, as
anumpuli kat chikonacho, neg. form,
Josh. 3: 10; itonachi, itunanchi, to go
there together, dual, Matt. 26: 60; ik-
onancho, n., a failing; ikonancho, v. a. i.,
to come short; to fail; onanchi, nas. f.

onafa, n., winter; the fall.

onafapi, n., autumn; fall.

onafash, n., last fall.

onahpi, n., first arrival.

onatula, see onitula, and onutula.

onchasanakli, y. t., v. a. i., to wag.

onchaba, n., a ridge; a hill; a summit.

onchaba, v. a. i., to bea ridge; onchamba,
nasal form, being a ridge.

onchaba chaha, n., a mountain; a
mount.

oncheli, v. t., to prime; to lay on.

onchuloli, see wnchololi.

oni, n., name of a plant good for food; it
grows in prairies.

onitola, n., a couch, Luke 5: 19.

onitula, onatula, v. a. i., to lie on, Luke
2: 14; to fall on, Josh. 2: 9; onituyula,
onatoyula, pro. form; see onutula.

onna, n., daylight; morning light; day,
Luke 4: 42; to-morrow, Josh. 7: 13;
onnat minti, onnat taiyaha; imonna, the
next day, or day following it, John 6:
22; itimonnakalinchi, every day; daily;
to be every day, as a fever that returns
daily.—Moses Dyer.

onna, vy. a. i., to come, as daylight or
morning light, as onna, onnat taha, day-
light has arrived; Josh. 5: 11, 12; ont
onna; oyunna.

onnaha, n., the morrow; to-morrow,
Josh. 3: 5; morrow; onnaha yahe an,
the morrow which shall be; onnaha
yokato, the morrow (distinctly); Matt.
6: 30, 34.

onnahinli, n., the morning; before and
soon after sunrise; the morn, Josh. 3: 1;
onnahinli yokma, in the morning, Matt.
16: 3.

onnahinli, vy. a. i. onnahinlikma, in the
morning, Josh. 7: 14.

onnahinli aba i?ki imasilhha, n., mat-
ins; morning worship.

onnahinli fehna, n., the morning itself;
very early in the morning, Josh. 3:1;
Weel:

84339°—Bull. 46—15

20

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

305

onnahinli impa, n., breakfast.

onnahinli impa impa, y. t., to take
breakfast; to breakfast.

onnakma, adv., to-morrow; on the mor-
row.

onnat isht inchi, y. a. i., to come, as
the morning light; to dawn.

onnat isht inchi, n., the coming of
morning light; aurora; the dawn.

onnat minti, v. a. i., to come, as the
morning light; to dawn.

onnat minti, n., the morning light;
the coming of morning light; the dawn;
light; daybreak; daylight; the dawn of
day; the break of day; the coming of
daylight.

onnat oktilinchi, n., morning light;
twilight in the morning.

onnat oktilinchi, v. a. i., to return,
as morning light.

onnat oktinli, vy. a. i.,
morning light.

onnat oktinli, n., the return of morning
light.

onnat taha, onnat taiyaha, n., the full
return of day.

onnat tohwikeli, n., ‘‘dawning of the
day,’’ Josh. 6: 15.

onochi, onnuchi, onuchiz, v. t., to inflict;
to oblige; to pass; to reproach; to rest;
to set, as a price; to wreak; to send on,
2 Sam. 24: 15; to put on; to lay on, Josh.
2:19; 4:5; 8: 31; to impose; to apply;
to throw on; to cast, Matt. 5: 25; to
enact over, as laws; to charge; to en-
force; to enjoin; to impute. This is
the causative form; itonnuchi, v. t., to
recriminate; .to impose on each other;
anumpa onochi, to condemn, Matt. 12:
41; anumpa kallo onuchi, v. t., to com-
mand; isht ilonochi, Josh. 1: 6; isht ai-
ilonochi, to lay on himself thereby, or
therewith, Matt. 5: 33; wlonuchi, to en-
gage himself; isht imilonochi, Josh. 5:
6; ilonochichi, had adjured, i. e., made
them take on themselves, 1 Sam. 14:
24; isht ilimonochi, sware unto them,
Josh. 9: 15; onnuchi, n., one who puts
on; an inflicter; onuchi, n., an obliga-
tion.

ont, a ‘‘directive particle,’’ indicating an
action from the speaker, or the place of
its origin; ont oklieli hokma, Matt. 6: 23;
ont isht chukowa, Matt. 4:5; ont aiati,

to return, as

306

n.,end, Mark 13: 7; ont takofichilashke,
I will go and heal him, Matt. 8: 7;
ont binachi, 2 Sam. 24: 5; ont ia, to go
past; to go by; ontalaka, n., bank of a
river, Josh. 12: 2; shore, Josh. 15: 2;
ont ati, 2 Sam. 24: 2; ont alichi, 2 Sam.
24: 7; ont ima, v. t., to go and give;
ont ishi, v. t., to go and take; ont pisa,
y. t., to go and see; ont onna, Acts 10: 9.
For other words, see ont as prefixed to
them.

ont, adv., by; to go to, etc., from ona
and t, contracted, asont atukla, secondly,
on to the second; ont atuchina, thirdly,
on to the third, Matt. 17: 238; ont ai-
ushta, fourthly; ont isht talapi, fifthly;
ont isht hanali, sixthly; ont isht untuklo,
seventhly; ont isht untuchina, ont wntu-
china, eighthly.

ontalaia, v. t., to sit on; to stand on; to
rest on; to be on; to ride a horse;
shapo at itombi paknaka ontalaia.

ontalaia, pp., founded; set on.

ontalaia, n., a rider; one who sits on;
that which is on.

ontalaka, n., the shore; the brow; the
edge of a hill, Josh. 15: 2; the brink,
Josh. 3: 8.

ontalali, v. t., to sit on; to place on; to
found; to establish; to strand.

ontaloha, n., riders; ontalaia, sing (q.v.).

ontaloha, v. t. pl., to ride.

ontala, sing., ontalkachi, pl.; itontalkan-
chi, to lie on each other, as stones,
Mark 13: 2.

ontala, v. a. i., to strand; see talali; on-
tala, pp., stranded.

ontukafa, pp., shot, with a gun.

onuchi, see onochi.

onulhpohomo, n., a churn lid; on and
ulhpohomo.

onush, n., wheat, Matt. 13: 30; rye, oats;
English grain; small grain, corn, Matt.
12:1; Josh. 5: 11; isuba apa, oats.

onush abasha, n., a stubble; the place
where wheat was cut.

onush aiasha, n., a wheat barn; a
granary.

onush aialmo, n., a stubble field; the
field where wheat was cut; stubble.

onush amalichi, n., a wheat fan; a
fanning mill, Luke 3: 17.

onush almo, n., wheat harvest, Josh.
3: 15.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

onush alwasha,n., parched corn. Josh.
o2 1

onush amo, v. t., to cradle; to cut wheat;
to reap wheat.

onush api, n., the wheat stalk; straw.

onush api isht basha, n., astraw cutter.

onush api isht peli, n., a rake.

onush bashli, n., a scytheman; a reaper;
a harvester; a harvestman.

onush bota, n., wheat flour; bota tohbdi,
white flour, or taliko bota, a Chickasaw
equivalent.

onush chaha, onush lusa, n., rye.

onush haktupish, n., wheat chaff.

onush isuba apa, n., oats, a grain for
horses.

onush isht almo, n., a sickle; a reaping
hook; a cradle.

onush isht basha, n., a sickle; a cradle
scythe; a scythe; a reaping hook.

onush isht basha api, n., a snath.

onush isht boli, n., a flail.

onush. lakchi, n., rice.

onush lusa, see onush chaha.

onush pehna, n., seed wheat.

onush sita, n., a sheaf of wheat.

onush sita itanaha, n., a shock of
wheat, or of English grain.

onush sita itannali, v. t., to shock
wheat.

onutula, onatula, from on and itula, v.
a. 1., to fall on; to lieon, Mark 2:4 (on-
utula is the correct form of the word.—
Allen); to come upon, Matt. 1: 19; 10:
13; 11: 12; onatoyula, Josh. 2: 19; 7: 1.

onutula, onatula, pp., fallen on; lying
on; accused; charged with; enforced;
enjoined; imposed; imputed; inflicted;
obligated; isht onatula, blamed for; ono-
Chis Vite Cal We).

onutula, onatula, n., an obligation.

opa, n., an owl, of the large kind.

opahaksun, n., the petrified oyster shells
found in prairies and other places.

opahaksun, n., the birch tree; it grows
on the banks of rivers.

opi, hopi, oppi, v. t., to stock; to haft;
to helve, as a plow or gun; iskifa yan
opi, to helve the ax; fanampo an opi, to
stock the gun; hullohpi, aialhpi, pass.

opia, v. a. i., to be evening; to become
evening; ikopia, 1 Sam. 20:5; opiattaha
ma, when the evening was come, Matt.
8: 16; 14: 15, 23; sionopia, the evening

BYINGTON]

is upon me; opiatka, nasal form, when
or while it is the evening.

opia, n., the evening, i. e., the latter
part of the afternoon; even; eventide,
Josh. 8: 29.

opiachi, vy. t., to make it evening; i-
anumpuli kat ilopiachitok, we talked till
evening.

opiaka, n., the evening; the time from
about the middle of the afternoon
until sundown, Matt. 16: 2; ‘‘even,”’
Josh. 5: 10.

opiaka impa, n., supper; the evening
meal.

opiaka impa Chisas Klaist at apesa-
tok, n., the Eucharist; the Lord’s
Supper.

opiakmatya, y. a. i., to approach toward
night; evening is approaching.

opiakmatya, n., nightfall.

opitama, pp. sing., passed by; lapped.

opitamoa, pp. pl., passed by; lapped.

opitamoli, y. t. pl., to pass by; to lap.

opitammi, sing. (see aiopitammi), v. t.,
to pass by; to lap over, like shingles; ‘ti-
opitammi, to pass each other.

opoma, v. t., to mock, Gen. 39: 17.

Oppi, see opi.

osapa, n., a lot; a field; a farm; a plan-
tation; a cornfield, Luke 6: 1; an en-
closure for cultivation, Matt. 12: 1; 13:
24, 44; a portion, 2 Kings 9: 21, 26; a
plat of ground, 2 Kings 9: 26.

osapa atoni, n., a scarecrow; a field
guard.

osapa chuka talaia, n., a farmhouse.

osapa isht atta, n., a farmer; a hus-
bandman; husbandry.

osapa pilesa, v. t., to cultivate a field;
to farm.

osapa takkon aiasha, n., a peach or-
chard.

osapa toksali, v. t., to work a field; to.

farm; to till a field.

osapa toksali, n., a farmer; a planter; a
tiller of the ground; a husbandman;
husbandry.

osapushi, n., a small field; a garden;
‘*a patch.”’

osapushi apesachi, n., a gardener, John
20: 16.

osapushi toksali, n., a gardener.

osini, n., a bumblebee; a humblebee.

oMsini bila, n., a bumblebee’s honey.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 307

o4sini hakshup, n., the comb of the
bumblebee.

o4sini inchuka, n., the nest of the bum-
blebee.

[oskau, n., the white crane (Sixtowns
dialect).—H. S. H.]

oski, uski, n., cane; oski naki, an arrow.

oskoba, n., small cane. [This word is
worn down from oski holba, canelike,
and is often used as a synonym of kun-
shak, a reed, reedbrake. As a local
name it still exists in the name of
Scooba, Mississippi.—H. 8. H.]

oskonush, n., old seed cane; oski onush
is the word in full; oskish, small, low
cane; oski shifilli, a small kind of cane.

oskula, n., a pipe; a flute; a fife, Matt.
ILO: 23:

o¥ssi, n., an eagle; applied to the gold
coin called eagle.

o4ssushi, n., an eaglet; an eagle’s egg;
a young eagle.

osh, an art. pro. in the nom. case. Li-
bias osh, Lebbeus whose, Matt. 10: 3.

oshanichi, v. a. i., to have a redness or
soreness of skin; slightly inflamed.

oshanichi, n., a redness and soreness of

the skin.

oshawilah, n., a sty.

oshan, n., the otter.

oshato,n., the womb; oshato nana afoyuka
keyu, Luke 23: 29; ishke tmoshato, John
3: 4,

oshetik, ushetik, n. (from wshi and lek);
a daughter, ushetik hachiama, ye daugh-
ters, Luke 238: 28.

oMshichakmo, vy. a. i., to be wet with the
dew, as clothes, ete.

oshke, see ishke.

ot, an article pronoun.

o"tapa; siaiontapa.

otani, ottani, oktani (q. v.), to reveal,
Matt: 1: 18; 10:26; 17:3; John 9: 3;
Josh. 7: 15; ikimotaiyano, 1 Sam. 3: 7;
otanichi, causative; see oktanichi.

otapi, n., a chestnut tree.

oti, v. t., to make a fire; to kindle a fire;
to strike up a fire; to kindle; to light;
to ascend; wlhti, olulhti, pl. pp., kin-
dled, ete. ; isht olulhti, ‘kindling wood.”’

oti, n., a fire kindler.

oti, uti, n., a chestnut.

oti hakshup, n., a chestnut burr.

308

owa, n., a hunt; a long hunting expedi-
tion; when hunters are absent for
weeks or months; owa chito, owa ishto,
from whence is said to come Washita, a
big hunting place. [This is certainly
erroneous. The Washita was named
from a tribe which probably spoke a
language entirely distinct from Choc-
taw.—Eds. ]

owatta, v. t. (from owa and alia) , to hunt.

owatta, n., a hunter.

pachanli, v. a. i. sing., to crack; to chap;
to open; oti at pachanli, yakni at
pachanli, ibbak at pachanh.

pachanli, pp., cracked; chapped; opened.

pachanli, n., a crack; a chap.

pachanlichi, y. t. or caus., to cause to
crack open.

pacha2si, a., shallow.

pachalh, n., a mat made by weaving the
bark of cane; a cane mat.

pachalhpali, pachalhpuli, n., a striped
snake; the gartersnake.

pachashli, vy. a. i., pl. of pachanli, to crack
open; pachashli, pp.; pachashlichi, v. t.
pl. or caus.

pachashli, n., cracks.

patfa, pass. v., challenged.

panfi, v. t., to challenge; to brave; to offer;

to dare; to defy; to stump; to provoke;
to fall on; tinkba sapanfi, he challenges
me first; 7impanfi, to challenge each
other; pa”fi, nasal form.

patfi, n., a challenge.

patfi, nan pa®fi, n., a challenger.

patfichi, y. t., to cause to challenge; to
cause a challenge.

pahshala, v. a. i., to be rough; iti hak-
shup at pashala.

pahshala, a., rough; husky.

pahshala, n., roughness; huskiness.

paieli, v. a. i., to wave, as water and
standing grain or grass; oka at paieli,
mati hat mati na onush at pareli.

paieli, n., a wave; a waving.

paielichi, v. t., to cause waves.

paiofa, y. a.i., to bend over, as the eage
of a hoe or the leaf of a book; chahe at
paiofa; bashpo at paiofa.

paiofa, pp., bent up; bent over.

paiofa, n., a bend or batter on a tool.

paioffi, v. t., to bend up; to batter; to
dull a tool,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

paioffi, n., one who bends.

paioha, pp. pl., bent up; bent over.

paiokachi, v.a.i., to wave; to swell and
roll as water; to ride on the waves.

paiokachi, pp., waved; tossed on the
waves; okfochush at oka ka paiokachi,
the duck is tossed on the water.

paiolichi, v. t., to cause the waves to flow;
to cause a tree to wave; to shake; mati
hat oka ya paiolichi; iti a paiolicheli.

paioh, v. t. pl., to bend over; to bend
up.

paiolichi, v. t., to cause to bend.

pa"kachu®si, pa"kacha®shi,
chashi, n., a small sour grape.

pakalichi, a.; wnba pakalichi; v. i., to
rain hard.

pakama, a., pp., deceived; fooled; im-
posed upon.

pakama, n., deceit.

pakamoa, pp. pl., deceived; fooled.

pakamoli, y. t. pl., to deceive; to im-
pose upon.

pakanli, v. a. i., to blossom; to bloom;
to flower; isito api at pakahanli na bilia.

pakanli, pp., blossomed; blown; bloomed;
flowered.

pakanli, n., a blossom; a blow; a bloom;
a flower.

pakanli laua, a., flowery; full of blos-
soms.

pakanlichi, vy. t., to cause to blossom, ete.

pakammi, vy. t., to deceive; to cheat;
isht pakammi, to witch.

pakammi, n., a deceiver.

patkapi, n., a grapevine; a vine.

patkapi aholokchi, n., a vineyard.

patki, patkki, n.,agrape; grapes, Matt.
7 cy

patki chito shila, n., a raisin.

pa2ki okchi, pak okchi, n., wine; grape
juice; the juice of the grape.

pakna, n., the top; the upper side; the
surface; the face, Matt. 6: 10; patalhpo
pakna, on a bed, Matt. 9: 2; aboha pak-
na, house top, Matt. 10: 27; 16: 19;
Josh. 2:11; apakna, an abundance;
paknali, pl., the outside.

pakna, v.n., to be on the top; iimpakna,
y. t., to compete; kilitimpakna, let us
compete; to rival; to strive; tkitimpakno,
not strive, Matt. 12: 19.

paknaka, n., the top; the surface; the
brim; the peak; yakni paknaka, John

pa"ku-

BYINGTON]

3:12; tali paknaka yon, upon a rock,
Matt. 7: 25.

paknatka, n., the summit; the outside,
Matt. 2:9; as churkash paknaka, the
crown of a hat or hill, ete.; yakni pak-
naka, Matt. 17: 25; paknakeka; pakna-
kekachi, v. t. caus.

paknaka, a., superficial; exterior; ex-
trinsic; paknali, pl., Luke 6: 49[?].

paknaka, y. n., to be above.

paknaka, prep., over.

paknaka hikiat pisa, v. t., to overlook.

paknaka ontalaia, n., the cap sheaf;
that which lies on top.

paknakachi, paknakachi, caus., Col.
3: 14.

paknanli, ady., Matt. 23: 28; to be out-
ward and continue so.

paknachi, v. t., to cause to go over; pak-
nachit pila, to bend over; paknalichi, pl.

pakota, pokota, v. a. i. sing., to break in
two; to break off.

pakota, pp., broken; tali at pakota.

pakota, n., that which is broken.

pakti, n., a mushroom; a toadstool; a
fungus.

pakti shobota, n., a puffball.

patkuchashi, see patkachu”si.

pakulli, v. t., to break, but not to sever;
to crack.

pakullichi, v. t., to cause to break.

palata, a., homesick; lovesick; longing
for something; anxious; lonesome; soli-
tary, as one alone in a great prairie or
wilderness.

palata, v. n., to be homesick, 2 Sam. 13:
39; impalata, he is homesick.

palata, n., a homesickness; the feeling
of that nature.

palatachi, v. t., to cause to be homesick.

palammi, a., inexorable; mighty; op-
pressive; potent; powerful; rigorous;
sharp; sore; stern; strict; terrible; tight;
tremendous; tyrannical; violent; te-
dious; burdensome; cruel; austere; se-
vere; arduous; strong; fearful; fell;
grievous; hard; heavy.

palammi, v. a. i.; na chinpalammi, woe
be to thee, Matt. 11: 21; impalammi,
woe unto it, Matt. 18: 7.

palammi, pp., embittered; isht impalam-
mi, Matt. 5: 10.

palammi, a., Almighty; n., Almighty;
used to describe one of the attributes
of God.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

309

palammi, y. n., to be almighty; Chiho-
wa hat palammi hoke.

palammi, n., a hardship; hardness; hard-
iness; power; rigor; severity; sharp-
ness; strictness; woe, Matt. 23: 23;
kucha kapassa kat palammi fehna hoke;
nana palammi, wrath, Josh. 9: 20.

palammi, ady., sharply.

palammi atapa, a., insufferable; insup-
portable; intolerable.

palammichi, y. t., to render tedious,
severe, etc.; to embitter; palamminchi,
n.f; palammit, con. form., severely.

palammichi, n., a tyrant.

palaska, vy. a. i1., to bake.

palaska, pp., a., baked; ikpalasko, a.,
unbaked; paska, v. t.

palaska, n., that which is baked; a loaf,
etc., as palaska achafa; naki palaska, pi-
shukchi palaska.

palatha, n., the part of an earring that
hangs loose at the lower end.

palsi, palisi, n., palsy. It is more nat-
ural to a Choctaw to say palisi than
palsi.

patak, n. sing., a crack; a pop, and noise
made when something splits.

patakachiy, v. a. i. pl., to crack; lit., to say
patak.

patali, v. a. i. pl., to split.

patali, pass., to be split.

patalichi, n., a splitter.

patalichi, v. t. pl., to split; to cause to
split; to divide into several pieces.

patatak, n. pl., cracks.

palampoa, shaped like a four-sided bot-
tle.

palanta, n., nasal form, anything split;
a splitting; a piece split, as a board or
shingle.

patata, v. a. i. sing., to split; to cleave;
to divide.

patata, pass., split; cleft; itapatata, split
apart, or in two; halved; divided.

patata, spalt; split; shaky.

palata, n., a side; a half; a piece split
off; a cleft; a division.

patalli, v. t. sing., to split; to open; to
halve; to divide; to cleave; to rend; see
pati; itapatalli, to split apart, or asunder.

patalli, n., a splitter; an opener.

panaklo, ponaklo, v. a. i., v. t., to in-
quire after; to question; to ask; nana
hon chimpanaklo sabanna.

810 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

panaklo, n., an inquirer.

panala, a., crooked; winding, asa shingle.

panashuk, n., linden; bass wood.

pancha, n., a flag called “ cattail.”’

panti, n., cattail; the upper end of the
stalk where the down grows.

pasalichi, see pasalichi.

pashatfa, pp., gashed; see chanyat pash-
anfa.

pa™shafoli, n., a green snake.

patshahama, n., oil for the head; an oil
bag, such as some animals have.

pa"shatsha, a., hairy; haired; having
hair.

pashaya, v. n., to be slanting, not per-
pendicular or square, as in cutting off a
tree.

pashaffi, v. t., to gash; see chanyat pa-
shanfa, gashed.

patsh falakto, n., a fork-tailed hawk; a
swallow-tailed hawk.

pa%sh iksho, a., hairless; bald.

pa%sh isht ahama, n., oil used in anoint-
ing the head, Luke 7: 46.

pa"sh isht kashokachi, n., a hairbrush.

patsh isht kasholichi, n., a hairbrush.

pa%sh isht talakchi, n., a fillet.

pa%sh tohbi, n., white hair; gray hair.

pa%sh tohbi, a., gray-headed.

patsh umbala, n., sorrel hair; isuba
panshumbala.

patsh yi®yiki, n., curled hair.

patshi, n., hair; the long hair of the
head, or simply the hair of the head;
the head, Matt. 10: 30; hishi q. v. is
the word for hair of other kinds.

pa%shi chito, a., hairy; n., thick hair.

pa%shi ialipa, n., a wig.

pa4shi imahaiya, n., a cowlick.

patshi isht hita, v. t., to dance round
the scalp of an enemy.

patshi isht hila, n., a war dance.

patshi isht hita, n., a war dancer.

paYshi isht talakchi, n., a fillet.

patshi tu"fa, pa"shi nushkobo tu"fa,
n., a scalp.

patshi lu2fa, pa"shi nushkobo lu"fa,
pp-, scalped.

patshi tu®fi, patshi nushkobo tu"fi,
v. t., to scalp.

pa¥shi tu2fi, n., a scalper.

patshi sita,n., a hair ribbon; hair tied
up, called a pig tail.

[BuLL. 46

pa4shi tanna, n., sackcloth; hair cloth;
na panrshi tanna, Matt. 11: 21.

pashia, n., a rim of a hat or vial.

pashoha, pp., rubbed; stroked.

pashok, poshoh, pl. of potoli, y. t., to
feel of; to rub; to stroke; to handle, as
a horse; to palm.

patshpoa, pp., swept, Matt. 12: 44;
brushed.

pa%shpuli, v. t., to sweep; to brush.

pa"shpuli, n., a sweeper.

patshtah, n., a cockleburr; the name
of a weed.

patafa, v. a. i., to split open.

patafa, pp., split open; plowed; fur-
rowed; tilled; ikpatafo, a., unplowed.

patafa, n., a split; a furrow.

patafa alhpesa, a., arable; suitable for
plowing.

patafa hinla, a., arable.

patafa hinla, n., plow land.

patali, v. t., to spread; to spread out, as
a blanket; to lay; to cover over; as iti
shima patali, to strew; shukbo patali;
see umpatali, etc., to spread on.

patali, n., a spreader.

patah, v. a. i. pl., to split; to come open.

patah, pp. pl., split open; cut open; fur-
rowed.

patalichi, v. t., tosplit open; to cause to
open; to rifle.

patatichi, n., a splitter.

patapo, n., a pallet; bed clothing; a
blanket, skin, or bed spread to sleep on.

patasah, a., large, broad, and flat.

patasachi, vy. t. sing., to level; to make
flat; to flat; to plain.

patasachi, n., a leveler.

patasachi, pattasachi, n., a level val-
ley; a name applied to the Mississippi
swamp; an interval; bottom land; a
plain.

patasachi, a., level; low; plain; as yakni
patasachi; patassachi, pp., leveled.

patasalli, v. t., to flatten; to make flat;
to level; naki lumbo patasalli; itilawichit
patassali, to spread it even, like butter
on bread or salve on a cloth.

pataspoa, pl., flat; iti pataspoa, flat
pieces of wood; puncheons for a floor.

pataspoa, v. n., to be flat.

pataspoa, pp., made flat; flattened.

pataspuli, v. t. pl., to flatten; to make
them flat; iti pata pataspult.

2 an OEY ead a yn

BYINGTON]

pataswa, pl., a flat.

pataswa, pataswa, pp., Vv.
flat.

patashechi, y. t., to level.

patashua, pp., v. a. i., flattened.

patashuli, v. t. pl., to flatten.

patafii, v. t. sing., to split open; to cut
open; to plow; to furrow; to trench;
yaknian patafi; na foka ya” pataffi; itapa-
taffi, to till; patafa hinla, a., tillable.

pataffi, n., a splitter; a tiller.

patala, a., flat.

patala, v. n., to be flat.

patalhpo, pp., from palli, v. t., or patali,
spread; strewed, Matt. 24: 26; aba pa-
talhpo, a chamber.

patalhpo, n., a spread; a pallet; a couch,
Luke 5: 24; Mark 2: 9; a bed, Matt. 9:
258%

pataskachi, pp. pl., leveled; flattened.

pataspoa, a. pl., pataspoa (q. v.), flat.

patassa, a. sing., flat; level; smooth;
small and flat; yakni patassa; pataspoa,
pl.

patassa, n., flatness.

pataswa, see pataswa.

patya, v. a. i., to cry; to halloo; to call;
to bark; to whoop; to cry out, Luke 4:
33; iMpanya, v. t., to exclaim; to roar;
to shriek; to scream; to screech; to
vociferate; to yell.

patya, n., a cry; a whoop; a yell; a
clamor; an exclamation; a war whoop.

patya, n., a crier; one who _halloos,
whoops, yells; a recreant; one who
eries for mercy in a contest; a roarer.

patyachi, y. t., to cause him to cry; to
make him whoop, ete.

pablikan, pablikan, n.,a publican, Luke
3: 12; a collector of toll or tribute, Matt.
LS Ze

pachaiasha, n., a pigeon roost, or a resort
for pigeons.

pachanusi, n., a pigeon roost.

pachalhpowa, pachalhpoba, n., a dove,
John 2: 14.

pachi, n., a pigeon.

pachi yoshoba, pachi yoshuba, pach
oshoba, n., a turtle dove, a dove, Luke
3: 22; Matt. 3: 16; 10: 16.

pachushi, n., a squab; a young pigeon; a
pigeon egg.

pafachi, n., a puff, taken from English
to puff, I presume.—C. B.

n., to be

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

311

pafachi, y. a. i., to puff.

paffala, n., paffaloha, pl., a swelling; a
bump, such as is made by a lash on the
skin.

paffala alota, full of swellings.

pala, n., acandle; alamp; atorch; alight;
ataper, Matt. 5: 15s) 63)225) 252 1. 7,185
Luke 15: 8; palaisht ala, bring a candle.

pala, v. a. i., to shine, as a candle; pala
hat pala, the candle shines.

pala, pp., lighted.

pala afoka, n., a candlestick; a sconce;
a lantern.

pala aiakmo, n., a candle-mold.

pala aio"hikia, n., a candlestick, Matt.
5: 15; a candle-stand; a lamp-post.

pala inchuka, n., a lantern.

pala isht kalasha, n., snuffers; candle-
snuffers.

pala isht kicheli, n., snuffers.

pala isht mosholichi, n., a candle-
extinguisher.

pala isht taptuli, n., a candle-snuffer;
snuffers.

pala ontalaia, n., a candlestick, Luke
S206:

pala ponola lua, n., candle snuff; burnt
candlewick.

pala toba, n., candle stuff.

pala tohwikeli, n., candle light.

palali, v. t., to light a candle, torch, or
lamp; to carry a light; to light, Matt.
5:15; ninak palali, to make or carry a
torchlight in the night.

palampa, n., a meteor.

palattokachi, v. a. i., to jar; iti at kinafa-
ma yakni at pallattokachi.

palhki, a., quick; hasty; soon; fast; rap-
id; spry; cursory; fleet; impetuous;
swilt.

palhki, y.n., to be quick; chipalhki fehna.

palhki, pp., quickened; hurried; has-
tened.

palhki, yv.a.i., to dart; to move quickly.

palhki, n., quickness; activity; rapidity;
velocity.

palhki, adv., quickly.

palhkichechi, y. t., to hasten; to accel-
erate.

palhkichi, v. t., to hasten; to hurry; to
cause to move fast.

palhkit aya, v. a. i., to skim; to go
along fast; to fleet.

palhkit atya, a., fleeting.

312

palhpakachi, a. pl.; nishkin palhpakachi,
bright eyes.

pali, a., short, as a vest.

pali, n., a flying squirrel.

palli,a., hot; warm; sultry (a Chickasaw
word).

palli, v. n., to be warm.

palli, n., summer.

palli, v. t. pl., patali, sing., to spread
them, Matt. 21: 7; Mark 11: 7, 8.

palokachi, v. a. i., to jar.

palokachi, pp., jarred; yakni winakachi-
mat yakni at palokachi.

palokachi, n., a jar; a shake.

pata, v. a. i. pl., to split.

pata, pp., split; itapata, divided.

pata, n. pl., that which is split.

patakachi, vy. t., to rebuke; to appease;
poakachi, Luke 8: 24.

patalichih, y. t. pl., Ps. 78: 15, to cleave
(the rocks).

pati, v. t. pl., tosplit; to split them. See
patali, itakowa pati, to split firewood;
holihta pati, to split rails; holihta toba
pati, to split fence stuff; itapati, to divide.

pati, n., a splitter; a divider.

pana, v. a. i., to twist two or three
strands together.

pana, pp., a., twisted; braided; plaited;
aseta pana, John 2:15; ponola pana; ita-
pana, Ex. 26: 1.

pana, n., a twist; a braid; that which is
braided; a plait.

panni, vy. t., to twist two or three strands
together, as when a rope is made; to
braid; to plait.

panni, n., a plaiter.

pasa, pp., cut into thin slices or pieces,
as meat is cut for drying in the sun;
see pasli.

pasa, n., a thin piece; aslice; a side; as
shukha nipi pasa; wak nipi pasa.

pasaha, passaha, y. t. pl., to slap; to
spank; to box; to cuff; to thwack,
Mark 14: 65.

pasaha, n., a slapping; one who slaps,
boxes, etc.; a boxer.

pasalichi, pasalichi, v. t. sing., to slap;
to strike with the open hand; to spank;
to buffet; to cuff; to pat; to thwack.

pasalichi, n., a box; aslap; a blow with
the open hand; a pat; one who smites
with the open hand.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[Burt 46

pask alwasha, n., fried bread; a nut cake;
a doughnut; a fritter.

pask ikbi, n., a baker.

paska, v. t., to bake; yammaskat luak
iksita onochit paska, Gen. 18: 6; paskali,
I bake bread.

paska, n., bread, Matt. 7: 9; a loaf,
Matt. 14: 17, 19, paska yash on, the
loaves, Matt. 14: 19; bread, Matt. 15:
2; alla impaska, children’s bread, Matt.
15:26 JOsavo seal

paska, n., a baker.

paska alibishli, paska libishli, n., a
toasting iron.

paska ayamaska, n., a kneading trough
or tray; tanch pushi ayamaska; onushbota
ayamaska,

paska alhpusha, n., toast.

paska banaha, n., the Choctaw bread
which is rolled up in corn husks or
leaves and then boiled; dumplings; a
a roll of bread.

paska banahachi, v. t., to make Choc-
taw bread, ete.

paska champuli, n., cake; sweet bread.

paska chanaha, n., a loaf of bread; a
wheel of bread.

paska holitopa, n., showbread, Luke
6: 4; sacred bread.

paska isht shatammi, n., leaven, Matt.
16: 6, 11.

paska isht shatammichi, n., leaven;
yeast.

paska kallo, n., a cracker; hard bread;
biscuit.

paska libishli, see paska alibishli.

paska otani, n., the showbread, Matt.
12: 4.

paska shatammi, n., leavened bread.

paska shatammichi, y. t., to leaven
bread.

paska shatammichi, n., leaven, Matt.
13: 33.

Paskokla, see Bashokla.

pasli, v. t., to cut meat into thin slices; to
slice.

pasli, n., one who cuts into thin slices.

passaha, see pasaha.

passalohah, pl. of passali, warped up.

pasha, n., a cracknel, 1 Kings 14: 3.

pashanoha, vy. a. i. pl., to warp.

pata, v. a. i., to spread.

pata, pp., spread; palli, v. t.; pataya, pro.
form.

BYINGTON)

patakitta, n., a brave.

patha, a., wide; broad; capacious; large;
ample; extensive, Matt. 7: 13; hopatka,
pl.; ikpatho, a., narrow; scanty; pp.,
narrowed.

patha, v. n., to be wide, broad.

patha, n., width; breadth; latitude.

pathas pp., widened.

patha alhpiesa, a., ample; wide enough.

pathachi, y. t., to widen; to make broad;
ikpathochi, v. t., to straiten; to narrow.

patkachi, pp. pl. spread; palli, v. t.

pattasachi, see patasachi.

peh, adv., merely; simply; just; nothing;
only, Josh. 1: 7; 2:11; as peh makali,
peh iali, nothing only I am going; peh ik-
lanna, just middling.

peh atsha, a., neutral; merely sitting.

peh atsha, y. n., to be neutral; merely to
stay or sit.

peh alhpesa, a., ordinary.

pehna, pp., saved, as seed kept for plant-
ing.

pehna, n., seed for planting; seed corn.

pehnachi, v. t., to save or lay up seed
corn, or any seed for planting; ish-
pehnachi alhpesa, you ought to save the
seed.

pehta, n., a raft; a float.

petechi, n., a brood; a litter; petechi
achafa, one brood.

peti, v. t. pl., (pass., piha; sing., ishi), to
take up; to takeaway dust, dirt, leaves,
grass, to shovel up; to take up by means
of an instrument; to rake; to scoop; to
gather fish, Matt. 13: 47.

peli, n., one who takes up; a scooper.

pelicheka, petecheka, n., a ruler; a
chairman; a presiding officer; a mod-
erator; a dominator; an earl; the ex-
ecutive; a governor; a head; a head
man; an intendant; a leader; a presi-
dent; a superintendent; master, Matt.
10: 25; petecheka atiha, rulers.

petichi, v. t. pl., to manage; to order; to
overrule; to oversee; to reign; to rule;
to superintend; tosway; to govern more
than one, Mark 11:11; to conduct; to
lead, Matt. 15: 14; to control; to con-
voy; to direct; to dominate; to dom-
ineer; to reign over, Luke 1: 33; to
take, as a husband or father takes,
Matt. 2: 20, 21; to guide; to head; to
keep; to lord; to marshal; to preside,

A DICTIONABY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

313

Matt. 8: 9; 12: 45; petinchi, nasal form;
petiechi, pro. form; peliet; petint, Luke
Gilat:

petichi, n., a reign; a rule.

petichi, n., a ruler; a leader; a governor;
a chief; a controller; a guide; a lord; a
manager; a marshal; a master; a presi-
dent; a principal; a rector; a regent; a
ringleader, Matt. 2:4; 18:52; 16: 21;
John 3: 1; okla petichi, officers of the
people, Josh. 1: 10.

petichi achafa, n., a company.

petichika aiasha, n., a throne; a ruler’s
seat.

penafana, n., a helm; a steering oar.

penatopulli, n., a ferry.

peni, n., a boat; a trough; a barge; a
yawl; a skiff; a canoe; pent om, a ship,
Matt. 9:1; pent chukowama, when he
was entered into aship, Matt. 8:23; peni
ashon, the ship, Matt. 8: 24; a pirogue;
a ship, Luke 5: 2, 3; Matt. 14: 13, 24,
82, 33; pehni at ala, the boat has ar-
rived; a ferry; peni ato, the ship, Matt.
14: 24.

peni ahoponi, n., a caboose.

peni alota, n., a cargo; a shipload; a
ship’s cargo.

peni ataiya, n., a boat landing; a land-
ing; a harbor; a port.

peni ataya, a., navigable.

peni chitataya, n., a ship harbor; a
harbor; a haven.

peni chito, n., a ship; a brig; a vessel;
a large boat; a sailer; pent hocheto, n.,
ships; shipping.

peni chito aiitibi, n., a sea fight; a
nayal action; a frigate.

peni chito fohki, vy. t., toship; to put on
board of a ship; to embark.

peni chito fohkit pila, v. t., to ship.

peni chito foka, pp., shipped; em-
barked.

peni chito foka, v. a.i., to embark.

peni chito ibish, n., the bow of a boat.

peni chito ikbi, n., a shipbuilder; a
shipwright.

peni chito iMkotah, n., the mast of a
ship.

peni chito isht a™ya, n., a shipmaster;
a sailor.

peni chito kapetani, n., a shipmaster
or a ship captain.

peni chito koa, n., a shipwreck.

314 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

peni chito koli, v. t., to shipwreck; to
break a ship.

peni chito okpulo, pp., shipwrecked.

peni fohki, vy. t., to put on board of a
boat; to embark.

peni foka, pp., put on board of a boat;
embarked.

peni foka, v.a.i., togo on board; to em-
bark; to take ship, Matt. 15: 39.

peni hasimbish, n., the stem of a boat.

peni hochito, n., large ships; ships.

peni hochito kanomona, peni hochito
laua, n., a navy.

peni ibish, n., the bow of a boat; the
stem of a boat; the end of a boat; the
prow.

peni i"kapetani, n., a boat captain.

peni intalaia, n., a ferry.

peni i4ponola, n., a boat rope; a cable.

peni ishapo, n., a boat’s cargo; a boat-
load.

peni isht afana, n., the helm of a boat.

peni isht atya, v. t., to navigate a boat;
to navigate; to pilot.

peni isht a”ya, n., a sailor; a boatman;
a pilot; a mariner; a navigator.

peni isht aya imalhtoba, n., pilotage.

peni isht atta, n., a ferryman; a boat-
man; a bargeman; a sailor; a water-
man.

peni isht cha™ya, n., an adze; an ad-
dice.

peniisht fullolichi, n., a rudder; a helm.

peni isht moa, n., an oar.

peni isht mu®fa, n., a paddle.

peni isht talakchi, n., a boat rope; a
cable; a painter.

peni koa kafolichi, y. t., to calk a
cracked boat.

peni kucha, y. t., to disembark.

peni kucha alhtoba, n., ferriage.

peni kuchichi, v. t., to ferry.

peni kula, n., a canoe; a dug boat.

peni kula falaia, n., a long canoe; a pi-
rogue.

peni luak, n., a steamboat; a steamer.

peni luak shali, n., a steamboat.

peni nushkobo, n., the bow of a boat.

peni patassa, n., a flatboat; a ferry-
boat; a pontoon; a scow.

peni patassa fohkit isht atya, v. t., to
scow.

peni patha, n., a ferryboat; an ark; a
large boat used on American rivers.

[ BULL. 46

peni shohala, n., a batteau; alight boat.

penushi, n., a skiff; a yawl; a small
boat; an ark, such as Moses lay in
when found by Pharaoh’s daughter,
John 21: 8.

penushi palhki, n., a skiff; a fast-run-
ning skiff.

pi, per. pro., we; nom. case, Ist per. pl.
of neuter verbs, as pinusi, we sleep;
pikallo, we are strong; see chi. The
vowel 7 is often dropped before another
vowel, as illi, to die; pilli, we die.

pi, per. pro., we; nom. case, Ist per. pl.
of passive verbs, as pinata, we are
wounded.

pi, per. pro., us; obj. case, before active
transitive verbs; pipesa, he sees us;
ishpititelikma, thou sendest us, Josh.
ae:

pi, pos. pro., our; nom. case, before
nouns which are the names of the body
and a few more, as pihaknip, our bodies.

pi2, pos. pro., our; nom. case, Ist per. pl.,
as pi™holisso, our book; pi®wak, our
cattle; pim is found before words that
do not begin with a vowel, or the con-
sonants ch, 1, t, and p. (See chi.)

pit, per. pro., dative case and usually
translated with a prep., as, of us, for us,
from us, to us, etc., and found before
words beginning as stated under pin;
ishpimmiha, thou commandest us, Josh.
eles

pi4, pass. pro., Ist per. pl., us, our; removed
from the noun in the nom. and _ placed
before the verb, as tali holisso pithotina,
he has counted our money, or, he has
counted the money for us.

pia, per. pro., Ist per. pl., we; hatak api
humma pia, we red men.

piaichi, see pialichi.

piakachi, y. a. i., to wave; to swell and
roll, as small waves; to ripple.

piakachi, pp., made to wave; rippled;
moved; agitated, as water, John 4: 4[?].

pialichi, piaichi, v. t., to trouble water;
to make water wave or ripple, John
4: 4[?].

pichahi, n., a rat.

pichali isht illi, n., ratsbane; arsenic.

pichefa, v. a. i. sing., to break open and
run out.

picheli, pl. of pichefa.

:
4
x

BYINGTON]

pichelichi, bichillichi, vy. t., to burst
them; to break them; to cause to ooze
out.

pichi, pihchi, n., sorrel, name of a weed;
see hachukkashaha.

pichiffi, v. t., to squeeze, so that some-
thing will run out.

pichilli, bichilli, y. a. i. pl., pichefa, sing.,
to ooze out; to leak out; to run out; to
leak; to drip; oka yat sakti yar pichilli;
italhfoa yat bichilli, the keg leaks.

pitfa, pp., brushed off; scraped away;
scraped; hituk at pirfa; pirfat itanaha,
scraped together.

pi4fi, v. t., to brush off; to scrape away;
to scum; to sweep away, as water carries
off leaves and the earth; hituk an pinfi;
pinfit itannali; hashtap a® pinfi; bok an
pinfi.

piha, pp. (from peti), taken up; shoveled
up; scooped; scummed; hituk chubi at
ptha; ahe at piha; tanchi at piha.

pibcha, pihchi, n., a loft; a chamber; a
corn crib raised from the ground by
long posts.

pihchi, see pichi.

pikalichi, v. t., to rinse, as a bucket or a
cup when dirty.

pikayu, n., agroat; a half dime; half abit.

pi%ki, n., our father.

Pitki aba, Aba pi®ki, n., our Heavenly
Father; God.

Pitki chito, n., our great Father; the
President of the United States.

Pitki chitokaka, n., our great Father;
the President.

Pitki ishto, n., our Great Father; God;
Porki ishto, the Chickasaw equivalent.

Pitki ishtoka, n., our Great Father; the
President of the United States; Pinki
ishtokaka aba binili, our Great Father
who sits in Heaven.

pikofa, v.a.i.,sing., to chate, as, itchafes;
to fret by rubbing; to fret; to gall.

pikofa, pp., chafed; heated; fretted by
rubbing; excoriated; fretted; galled;
isuba nali at pikofa; isuba haktampi at
pikofa.

pikoffi, v. t., to chafe; to fret and wear
by rubbing; to excite inflammation by
rubbing; to excoriate; to gall.

pikoffi, n., a chafer; one who chafes.

pikoffichi, v. t., to cause to chafe.

pikofichi, n., a chafer.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

315

pikoli, pikoli, v. a. i. pl, to chafe; to
fret by rubbing.

pikoli, pp., chafed; fretted; rubbed till
sore.

pikotichi, v. t., to chafe; to fret; to rub.

pi*kshi,n., aknag; aknot; as tiak pitkshi,
a pine knot.

pila, v. t., to pitch; to project; to trans-
mit; to send; to throw; to cast; to toss;
to fling; to heave; to forward; to con-
vey; todispatch; to further; tolaunch;
holisso pila, to convey a letter; anwmpa
impinla, Josh. 2: 3; holisso et pela, to
send a letter this way; holisso pit pela, to
send a letter that way; ilepila, to cast
himself down.

pila, n., a cast; a throw; a fling.

pila, n., a sender; a caster; a thrower.

pila, advy., toward and in a direction
from the speaker; off; toward.

pilashash, yesterday, John 4: 52.

pilefa, v.a.i., to bend over, like the edge.
of a hoe.

pilefa, pp., bent over.

pilefa, n., a bend.

pilesa, v.a.i., to work; to labor; to toil.

pilesa, n., a laborer.

pilesa, n., labor; work.

pilesachiz, v. t., to work; to cause to work;
to labor; amisuba han pilesachi.

piliffi, v. t., to pull up.

pilla, prep., at, to, from, or in a distant
place or time; pilla refers to space and
time both; off to; off there or at, as
falammi pilla, to the north; at the north;
aiati pilla, Matt. 12: 42; Chintail aiasha
pilla, the way of the Gentiles, Matt.
10: 5; toward, 2 Sam. 24:5. This dif-
fers from pila (q. v.), meaning toward,
in the direction of; lappa pilla, away
yonder; away this way.

pilla, adv., away; away off; remotely.

pilla, v.a.i., to be free; ‘‘freely,’’ Gen.
2:16; pilla hon, ‘‘freely,’? Matt. 10: 8.

pilla, adv., merely; nothing; a Chickasaw
word having the force of pehin Choctaw.

piloa, v. a. i. pl., to bend over; pile/a,
sing.

piloa, pp., bent over.

pilohi, vy. t., to bend them over.

pitema, pilimha, v. t., to bend, as the
leg; iyi at pitimha, to bend; pitimkachi,
pl.

316
pitutka, v. a.i., to sneeze, as a horse.
shanwa, to snort, as a horse in play.

pilutka, n., a sneezing.

pitu"kachi, vy. t., to cause to sneeze.

pim, pos. pro., our, Ist per. pl., before
nouns beginning with a vowel, as pim-
isuba, our horse.

pim, pre. per. pro., Ist per. pl., in the
dative case before active transitive verbs
beginning with a vowel, and to be
rendered generally with a prep. ; as pim-
anumpuli, talk to us.

pim, per. pro., before some neuter verbs
beginning with a vowel, and formed
from an adjective, as pimokpulo; see
chim.

pim, prefixed to neuter and other verbs
instead of the noun, as allat pimilli,
allat pimalla, ete.

pimmi, adj. pro., our; ours.

pimmi, v. n., to be our.

pimmi toba, v. a. i., to become our.

pin, pre. pos. pro., our; 1st per. pl. nom.
or other case before nouns beginning
with ch, 1, and t, as pinchuka, our house.

pin, pre. per. pro., in the dative case
before verbs beginning with ch, J, and ¢,
and usually translated with a prep., as
of us, to us, for us, from us; pinchumpa,
to buy of us.

pin, pos. pro., our; found before verbs
beginning with ch, 1, and t, where the
pro. or sign of it has been removed from
the noun and placed before the verb, as
pinak pintaha, tanchi at pintaha; in-
stead of pitpinak at taha, ete.

pinak, n., provisions for a journey; vict-
uals prepared beforehand, Josh. 1: 11;
9:11; provisions for man, cooked or not;
if cooked they are cold.

pittak imatali, v. t., to victual.

pinak imatahi, n., a victualler.

pinak imaltaha, pp., victualled.

pinak toba, n., prepared provisions.

pinash, n., ropes of a vessel; rigging of a
vessel; cordage for a vessel; oakum; tow.

pinti, n., a mouse.

pinti ahokli, n., a mouse trap.

pintukfi, n., a field rat; a field mouse.

pisa, v. t., v. a. i., to see; to find; to
try; to attempt; to eye; to behold; to
discern; tostudy; todetect; to discover;
to look; to view; to examine; to search;
to desery; te endeavor; to espy; to

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

{purt. 46

essay; to have, John 3: 15, 16; to

read, Luke 6: 4; to receive, John 4:
36; to notice; to perceive; to pry
into; to prove; to seek; to stare; to
strive; tosurvey; to test; to view, Josh.
2: 1; to explore; to enjoy; to gain; to
gape; to gaze; to inspect; to investigate;
to ken; to notice; to reconnoiter; to
regard; to remark; to view, Josh. 7: 2;
to observe; to witness; Matt. 4:1; 5: 1;
6: 4; 9: 9 1178: 12: 44: Josh: 43712:
John 1: 41, 45; apisa, Matt. 18: 10;
apinsa,to be seeing in or at, Matt. 6: 18;
ak apesoshke, I have not seen in, Matt.
8:10; ilepisa, to see himself; ilapisa, to
look at or on himself; to consider him-
self; to pretend, John 19: 7; pihinsa, to
pore over; piesa, pro. form; pimsa, nas.
form, hoyoli kia akpeso, though I seek
I do not see; ishkot pisa, imp., try to
drink; ont pisa, v. t., to visit; to go and
see; ikpeso, a., unseen, unread, untried;
pitpisa, Matt. 14: 26; pist, pimst, contrac-
tions.

pisa, n., a view; a vision; a visit; an as-
pect; asight, as pisa tuklo; a descrip-
tion; the looks; appearance; a pros-
pect; an enterprise; an essay; an
examination; a gain; a gaze; an inspec-
tion; an investigation; a mien; a shape;
a stare; a survey; a test; a trial.

pisa, n., one who sees; a student; a
viewer; an examiner; an explorer; an
eyer; a gainer; a gazer; an inspector;
an investigator; a looker; an observer;
a prier; a seer; a trier; a viewer; a wit-
ness.

pi4sa, n., a notice.

pi4sa, n., an observer.

pi4sa, a., ocular.

pisa aiukli, vy. a. i., to beautify; to be-
come pleasant to the sight.

pisa aiukli, pp., beautified; adorned.

pisa aiukli, a., fair; handsome.

pisa aiukli keyu, a., homely; ugly.

pisa aiuklichi, v. %., to beautify; to
adorn.

pisa fehna, v. t., to scan.

pisa hinla, a., visible; legible.

pisa ikachukmo, a., indecent; shapeless.

pisa inla, n., a prodigy.

pisa okpaniz, v. t., to disfigure, or to spoil
the looks; to deform.

BYINGTON]

pisa okpulo, pp., deformed; defaced, as
to beauty.

pisa okpulv, a., grim; ghastly; hideous;
ugly.

pisa shah, a., studious.

pisachi, v. t., to show; to exhibit; to
teach; to instruct; to cause to see;
holisso ha pisachi; iti an pisachi; yakni
av pisachilachi; pisanchi, making him
see, Deut. 7: 10.

pisachi, n., a teacher; a shower; an ex-
hibiter.

pisahe keyu, a., undistinguishable; illeg-
ible; unsearchable.

pisat, from pisa and t, to see and.

pisat topulli, v. t., to perambulate.

pisiksho, n., a slight.

pist aya, n., aspy, Gen. 42: 9.

pishaiyik, n., the name of a weed, the
root of which is used in dyeing red.

pisha"kchi, n., an elder.

pishali,n., our Master; our rabbi; see
uke: 3: 12; John 3: 26; 4: 31; sir,
Matt. 13: 27.

pishannuk, n., the basswood tree; the
linden tree.

pishechi, y. t., to nurse; to suckle; to
feed an infant at the breast or with a
bottle, Luke 23: 29; pishet,con.

pishi, vy. a. i., to draw the breast, asa child
or the young of an animal.

pishi, y. t., to suck the mother, as an in-
fant; to draw the milk from the teat
with the mouth; to draw into the
mouth.

pishi, n., suck.

pi#shi, n., a suckling, 1 Sam. 15: 3.

pishi issa, v. a. i., to stop sucking, as
children when weaned.

pishi issachi, v. t., to wean.

pishik, ipi"shik, n., a teat, Luke 23: 29.

pishilukchi, hishilukchi, n., bran; tan-
pishilukchi, corn bran.

pishkak, n., name of a weed that grows
along branches, used in coloring red;
puccoon; blood root.

pishno, per. pro., Ist per. pl., nom. case,
we, Matt. 6: 12.

pishno, per. pro., Ist per. pl., obj. case,
us, Luke 3: 14; pishno ato, we, in con-
trast with thee; i. e., the disciples and
the Savior, John 4: 22; Matt. 17: 19.

pishno, pos. case, ours; our.

pishno akinli, ourselves.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

317

pishno yoka, a., thine.

pishno yokat, a., thine.

pishofa, pp. hulled, as corn in a mortar
with a pestle; tanchi at pishofa, the corn
is hulled.

pishpiki, y. a. i., to rise and inflame like
a sore in the throat—Ishmayabi; or like
fungous flesh, called nipi lobafa.

pishuffi, v. t., to hull; tanchi pishuffi.

pishuk, n., name of a weed used in dye-
ing red.

pishukchi, n., milk, Josh. 5: 6; I pre-
sume from pishi, to suck, and okchi.

pishukchi achibokachi, pishukchi
achibolichi, n., a churn.

pishukchi ahoiya, n., a milk strainer.

pishukchi aiasha, n., a buttery.

pishukchi aialbiha, n., a milk pan.

pishukchi aniachi, n., a churn.

pishukchi a®sha, a., milky.

pishukchi ataloha, n., a dairy; milk
shelves.

pishukchi banaha, n., a roll of butter.

pishukchi hauashko, n., sour milk;
bonnyclabber.

pishukchi holba, a., milky.

pishukchi homi, n., sour milk.

pishukchi kaskaha, n., sour milk; clab-
ber.

pishukchi nia, n., butter; cream.

pishukchi nia aialhto, n., a cream pot;
a cream bowl.

pishukchi nia isht chibolichi, n., a
churn staff; a churn dasher.

pishukchi nia lapali, pp., buttered.

pishukchi nia lapalichi, v. t., to butter.

pishukchi nia okchi, n., buttermilk.

pishukchi nia palaska, n., cheese.

pishukchi niachi, v. t., to churn.

pishukchi okchi, n., whey.

pishukchi pakna, n., cream; the top of
the milk.

pishukchi palaska, n., cheese.

pishukchi palaska kanchi, n., a cheese
monger.

pishukchi su?kko, n., thick milk; scur
milk.

pishukchi walasha, pishukchi wal-
anto, n., bonnyclabber; coagulated
milk.

pit (cont. of pila), a directive particle or
ady., implying a motion from the
speaker or object spoken of toward,
onward, forward, forth, Josh. 1: 16;

318

pit imahni, v. t., to beckon to them;
to wish them, Luke 5: 7; pit okachi, v.
t., to let down into water, Luke 5: 5;
pit takalechi, vy. t., to launch out, Luke
5:4; pit takanli, Matt. 6:21; pit chumpa,
to send and buy; pit anoli, to send
word; pit ima, to hand him; to send to
him; pit pisachi, Matt. 4: 8; aba pit ish-
anumpuli, thou talkest toward heaven;
pit chukowa, entered into, Matt. 9: 1;
pit tanabli, passed over, Matt. 9: 1; pit
weli, he put forth, Matt 8: 3; pit titeli,
he sent forth, Matt. 10:5; pit itula, to
fall in; pit halalli, to lay hold on, Matt.
2 malas

poa, n., a beast; a wild beast; vermin.

poa aiasha, n., a menagerie.

poa chito, n., a mammoth.

poa lapish achafa, n-., a unicorn.

poa nipi, n., flesh; the flesh of animals.

poa nusi, n., a burrow; the nest of a wild
beast.

poa okpulo, n., bad wild beasts.

poa ushi, n., vermin; young vermin.

poafa, a., unfortunate; unlucky.

poafa, v. n., to be unfortunate; to be un-
lucky; ampoafashke, I have bad luck.

poafachi, poafichi, v. t., to cause mis-
fortune; to make or cause bad luck.

poafachi, n., the name of a weed that
dyes black.

poakachi, v. a. i., to wave high; to roll
high, as great waves.

poakachi, n., a high wave.

poakachi, pp., made to run high, as
waves.

poalichi, poyalichi, v. t., to cause the
waves to roll high, or to move either in
waves Or with the tides; to shake
water; as isht ishko oka anit poalichit ta-
tabli, to rinse a cup.

pochuthatapa, n., a whipsnake; ipochi
itimapa.— Harris.

pochuko, vy. a. i., to place the feet to-
gether and sit on the heels as Choctaw
women do; to sit with them placed
sideways.

pochuko, n., one who sits on her heels,
or with them sideways.

pohkul, fohkul (q. v.); n., a hornet.

pohokachi, yv.a.i., to fluctuate.

pohota, nam poheta (q. v.), n., agown.

pokafa, vy. t., to smite with the open
hand or paw; to be dashed; to fall

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

against; itapokafa, to dash against each
other; oka pokafa, to dash water.

pokafa, n., a smiter.

pokaha, vy. t., to smite with the open
hand hollowed.

pokaffi, v. t., to strike sideways.

pokoli, n., a decade.

pokoli, a., ten; X; 10; pokoli auahchafa,
a., eleven; XI; 11, and so on to 19;
pokoli tuklo, a., twenty; XX; 20; a
score; pokoli isht tuklo, a., twentieth;
20th; or, isht pokoli tuklo, and so of
other numbers above 20; pokoli tuchina,
a., thirty; XXX; 30, Matt. 13: 8; po-
koli isht tuchina, a., thirtieth; 30th; po-
koli ushta, a., forty; XL; 40; two score;
pokoli isht ushta, a., fortieth; 40th; or,
isht pokolushta; pokoli tatapi, a., fifty;
L; 50; pokoli isht tatapi, isht pokoli ta-
tapi; pokoli hanali, a., sixty; LX; 60;
three score, Matt. 13: 8; pokoli untuklo,
a., seventy; LX-X; 70; pokoli untuchina,
a., eighty; LX XX; 80; four score; po-
koli isht untuchina, eightieth; LX XX;
80th; pokoli chakali, a., ninety; XO; 90,
Matt. 18: 12; pokoli chakali akocha chak-
kali, ninety and nine, Matt. 18: 12, 13;
pukoli tukloha, ady., twenty times; in
the same way add ha to the other num-
bers in order to express the same thing,
i. e. as times; pokoli tuklo bat tuchina,
three times 20, or three score.

pokoli, v. t., to plait; to pucker up; also
pp. (see pokutichi).

pokospoa, n., clusters of grapes, Rev.
14: 18.

pokota, pakota (q. v.), v.a.i., to break.

pokota, pp., broken.

pokpo, n., cotton, name most common
in the southern part of the old nation.

pokpokechi, v. t., to make suds, froth,
or lather; to lather; to spume.

. pokpoki, y. a. i., to foam; to froth.

pokpoki, n., suds; froth; lather; foam;
scum; spume.

pokpoki, a., frothy.

po®kshi, po"kchi, n., a bulb; a knot on
the side of a tree; a knob; anayel gall;
a toadstool.

pokshia, v. a. i., snarly; tough, as a
piece of wood; itapokshia, snarled to-
gether, like tough timber which will
not split.

BYINGTON]

pokta, v. a. i., to double; to grow to-
_ gether, as two peaches or potatoes.
pokta, pp., doubled; grown together.
pokulichi, v. t., to cause to pucker up;
see pokoti.
pokuspali, pl. of pokussali.
pokuspoa, n. pl., skeins and clusters.
pokussa, n., a skein.
pokussali, v. t., to make a skein.
polatka, adv., at last; at length; finally;
polanka ishla, ultimately.
[polhkash, n., chips, trash, rubbish.—
ESS. EL. |
polua, v. a. i., to wilt before a fire, like
bilakti polua.
polukta, v. a. i., to double; itapolukta,
to coalesce.
polukta, pp., doubled; a double; as
noti polukta, a double tooth; itapolukta,
pp., doubled together.
poluktachi, v. t., to double; to cause to
double.
polutsak, n., a black weed, used in color-
ing cotton; black or a dark shade.
pola, see pula.
potoli, v. a. i., to spark; to sparkle, as
fire; luak at potoli.
potoli, n., sparks.
potolichi, v. t., to cause it to spark.
potoma, vy. a. i., to bend, as the steel
spring on a lock.
potoma, pp. sing., pola, (1 Kings 6: 34),
puta pl., bent; doubled up; folded, as
the arms, shakba potoma; shut, as a
knife, bashpo at potoma; outside of the
bend of a creek, ete.; shokulbi, the in-
side of the bend.
potoma, n., a bend; a fold; a bow; a
rumple.
potomi, polummi, y. t., to bend; to
double up; to fold up by turning up
the side or end once; to shut, as a knife.
polomoa, vy. a. i. pl., to bend; to turn
up.
potomoa, a., elastic; having springs.
potomoa, v. n., to be elastic; v. a. i., to
meander.
potomoa, pp., bent; doubled up; folded.
potomoa, n., folds; bends; bows.
potomoli, y.a.i., to meander.
potomoli, potomoli, y. t. pl., to bend;
to double up; to fold; to ruffle.
potomolichi, vy. t., to meander; to cause
to bend and wind.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

319

polota, y.a.i., to sparkle; to emit sparks,
as fire.

poltummi, see potomi.

pompokachi, y. t., to make rough,
knotty, uneven.

pompoki, a., rough; uneven; knotty,
like knots on a rope.

pompoki, y. n., to be rough.

ponaklo, n., an interrogation; a ques-
tion.

ponaklo, panaklo (q. v.), v. a. i., v. t.,
to ask; to inquire; to seek after, Luke
2: 44; to demand; to interrogate; to
query, *Matt.2: 4: 102Vid-s 16213:
imponaklo, to ask him, Matt. 12: 10;
Josh. 4: 6; ponathanrklo, Matt. 2: 4;
itimponaklo, to inquire of each other;
to consult; itimponaklot ansha, to be en-
gaged in making inquiries of each other;
itimponaklot arsha, n., a consultation;
imponaklo, vy. t., toask him; to question.

ponaklo, n., an inquirer; a demander.

ponobokanli, n., cotton pods, just break-
ing open.

ponohonulla, n., twine.

ponokallo, n., linen; holland; a rope;
twine.

ponokallo ikbi, n., a rope maker.

ponokallokanchi, n., a draper; a linen
draper.

ponokallopana, n., a rope; a cord.

ponol ashana, n., a spinning wheel.

ponol ashana chito, n., a jenny.

ponol lapushki, n., carded cotton.

ponola, n., cotton; cotton thread or yarn;
a filament; linen ponola; linen yarn,
1 Kings 10: 28; a cord, Josh. 2: 15.

ponola ahotachi, n., warping bars for
cotton.

ponola aialhto, n., a thread case; a
thread box.

ponola anihelichi, ponola anihechi,
n., a cotton gin; a gin.

ponola anihelichi chito, n., a large cot-
ton gin.

ponola anihi, n., a cotton gin.

ponola ani, n., a cotton bale.

ponola fabassa achafa, n., a hank of
thread; a skein.

ponola hulhtufa, n., areel; warping bars.

ponola isht shiahchi, n., cotton cards.

ponola isht shiahchi chito, n., a card-
ing machine.

320

ponola itapana, n., a skein of cotton; a
hank of cotton.

ponola itapana achafa, n., one skein
of cotton.

ponola topullichi, v. t., to thread.

ponola nihechi, y. t., to gin cotton.

ponola nihi, n., cotton seed; ginned
cotton, seeded.

ponola okshichanli, n., coarse cotton
thread.

ponola pala atoba, n., a candle wick.

ponola pehna, n., cottonseed for plant-
ing.

ponola shana, n., spun cotton; cotton
thread: cotton yarn.

ponola tali kucha, n., a broach of cot-
ton.

ponola tanna, n., cotton cloth; woven
cotton.

ponolapi, n., a cotton plant.

ponolushi, n., line of thread, Josh. 2:18.

ponoshana, n., a line; twisted cotton.

ponoshiahchi, n., carded cotton.

posilhha, y. t., to reproach.

posilhha, n., one who reproaches.

posilhha shali, n., one who is addicted
to using reproach.

posilhhachi, v. t., to reproach.

poshola, pp., wreathen, Ex. 28: 14.

posholi, v. t. pl., to feel; see pashoti.

poshukta, v. a. i., to ravel out; to become
shreds; similar to shobobavkachi.

pota, v. a. i, to borrow; to take; to
transfer by way of borrowing or lend-
ing; imapota, to borrow of him, Matt.
5: 42; to hire, i. e., to engage or to hire
out; impota, to lend him.

pota, n., a borrower.

pota, n., a loan.

pota alhtoba, n., rent.

potanno, a., grudging; jealous; envious.

potanno, v. n., to be grudging; to be
jealous; to be envious; impotanno, v. t.
to begrudge him; to envy him; itim-
potanno, to be jealous of each other.

potanno, n., jealousy; envy.

potola hinla, a., palpable.

potoli, v. t., to handle; to feel of; to
touch, Matt. 8: 3, 15; to take by the
hand, Josh. 9: 19; akpotoli kia, let me
touch; Jet it be, Matt. 9: 21; 14: 36;
posholit hikikia, v. a 1., to grope;
poshoti, pl.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

potoli, n., one who feels of, handles, ete.
potoli, n., a touch; ikpotolo, a., un-
touched.
potoni, v. t., to guard; to watch; to take
care of.
potoni, n., a guard; a watch.
potunnuchi, v. t., to cause to be jealous;
to make envious.
poyafo, a., unfortunate.
poyalichi, see poalichi.
pu®fa, v. t., to blow with the mouth; to
spout, as a whale; to blow out any
liquid from the mouth in a stream or
in a scattering way, Josh. 6: 5; nani
chito at oka yan purfat aba pila; allikchi
at punfa.
pu®fa, n., a blower; a spouter.
pu"fachechi, v. t., to blow an instru-
ment; to cause to blow; to squirt; luak
isht purfa yar pufachechi.
pu®fachi, v. t., to blow with an instru-
ment, as a pipe, a trumpet, a bellows,
a blowpipe; to spurt.
pu"fachi, n., a blower.
pukussa, n., a bunch, as of hyssop, Ex.
12: 22; see pokussa.
pulhkachi, vy. a. i. pl., to double up.
pulhkachi, pp., doubled up; shukbo at
pulhkachi.
pulhkachi, n., rolls.
pulla, ady., surely; certainly; necessarily;
ak atuk pulla makon, for, because of,
Josh. 2:9, 11, 24; hak atuk pulla makon,
because of, Josh. 5: 1; akostinchi pulla,
shall know, Matt. 7: 20; akpulla tok-
makon, because of, Matt. 18:7; pulla
hatuk makon, Josh. 6: 1.
pulla, a., must be; necessary; poyulla.
pulla, vy. n., to be necessary; that which
must be; poyulla; isilapunla, proved;
derived from pulla.
pullakako, pullamako, for the sake of;
because of; for, John 4:39; pullamakona;
pullahatukmakon, for the sake of; be-
cause of, Matt. 10: 18, 22.
pullasi, ady., nearly; almost; ilona pul-
lasi; ili pullasi, he is about to die.
pulli, v. t. pl., to spread.
pulli, v. t. pl., to handle; potoli, sing.
pula, n., aroll; rolls.
pula, pota, y. a. i. pl., to double up; to
roll up.
puta, pola, pp. folded; doubled up;
plaited; shukbo at puta, holisso hat
°

On no

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY
pula; applied to the leaves of a book
turned down at the corners; putakachi
pl.
_ puli, vy. t. pl., to fold; to double over
more than once; to roll up; to plait.
puli, n., a folder; one who folds, doubles,
ete.; a plaiter.

puskus, n., a babe; a baby; an infant; a
papoose (a familiar word).

puskusechi; ilepuskusechi, v. t., to render
himself childish;a., childish; n., dotage.

pushahchih, v. a.i., like potanno, jealous.

pushahollo, n., a heathen priest’s sacred
bag.

pushechi, vy. t., to flour; to pulverize; to
beat fine; to powder; to grind fine; to
reduce to a powder; to convert into
flour; to triturate.

pushechi, n., the one who flours.

pushi, pp., floured; pulverized; beaten
fine; powdered fine; ground fine; tritu-
rated.

pushi, a., fine, as flour or sand; lukfi pushi.

pushi, n., flour; fineness; meal.

pushka, vy. t., to scratch with the nails
of the paw, or the nails of the hand;
kalafi, sing., to scratch.

pushka, n., a scratcher.

pushkano, vy. a. i., to crave flesh for food;
to long for meat.

pushnayo, impushnayo (q. v.), n., the
master of an animal; ofi impushnayo,
Matt. 15: 27; isuba impushnayo.

puta, putta, a., all; every one; every,
Luke 3: 5, and all of each kind, giving
them all the plural number; daiyuka
puta, every kind, Matt. 13:47. It may
be used for a collective and a distribu-
tive plural, hatak putta ka, men, Matt.
10: 17; putta is used toexpress the plural
number; i/appa puta ka, these, Matt. 1:
20; aheka puta, debts, Matt. 6: 12; hatak
nowat anya puta kat ilbasha tok; hatak.
ohoyo, alla puta moma hosh mintashke,
men, women, children, distributively,
all do ye come; hatak puta kat, men,
Matt, 13: 25.

puta, v.n., to beall; eputa hokato, we all
the ones; poyuta, pro. form.

puta, putta, n., all, ‘as amputa, my all,
or all mine; amputtah, I have all or
many; aputa, Matt. 8: 17.

putalechi, v. t., to extend to all; putale-
chit ishi, take all; hatak, ohoyo, alla

84339°—Bull, 46—15 21 °

OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

321

putalechit inhollashke, he loves them all,
i. e., the men, women, and children.
putali, a., all; the whole without excep-
tion.
putali, v. a. i., tamaha holihta putalit aryat,
city to city; all of them, 2 Chron. 30:10.
putta, see puta.

sa, per. pro., Ist per. sing., I, before neu-
ter verbs, as sanusi, I sleep; salaksha,
I sweat; salli, I die.

sa, per. pro., obj. case, Ist per. sing., me,
before active transitive verbs; sapesa,
he sees me; sachumpa, he buys me.

sa, per. pro., Ist per. sing., I, before pas-
sive verbs; sanala, I am wounded.

sa, pos. pro., Ist per. sing., my, prefixed
to the names of the body and its mem-
bers, and a few other words, as sa-
nushkobo, my head; sabaiyi, my nephew;
sachunkash, my heart; sa is sometimes
written s, sd, sai, si; saiyimmi; siachuk-
ma; satekchi, ry wife, Luke 1: 18; chik-
saiyimmo, Luke 1: 20; saiyukpa Matt.
Iso:

sa2, pre. per. pro., before verbs in the
‘neg. form, as iksathollo; see san, sam,
sam; a, am, an, am, are found in the
positive forms (q. v.); issatkashofi, Matt.
8: 2.

sachakla, n., inside ridge of the back
bone near the shoulders.

sahnoyechi, a., old, protracted form of
asanochi.

sak, n., the noise when striking a solid
substance.

sakachi, n. sing., a thump.

sakaha, vy. t. pl., to strike, as with an
ax; to thump; to rap or tap anything
hard or solid; to fillip,

sakaha, n., a thumping; a striking; the
noise made by the blows of an ax or
maul,

sakahanli, v. t., to hack.

sakakachi, pl., noise made with an ax
or maul; sakakahanchi, freq. form.

sakalichi, v. t. sing., to thump; to rap;
to strike; to make a noise by striking
with a hammer, an ax, or the fist, etc.;
sakalihinchi, freq.

sakalichi, n., a blow; one who strikes;
a striker.

sakki, v. t., to overtake, Josh. 2:5; to
come up with; to overhaul; echisak-
kikamo, we overtook you,

322 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

sakki, n., one who overtakes.

sakkichi, vy. t., to cause to overtake; alla
yun inki an sakkichi.

[sakkin, n., the guinea fowl (Sixtowns
dialect).—H. 8. H.]

sakli, n., a trout; the name of a fish;
name of a serpent; Ch. Sp. Book, p.
91.

sakti, n., the bank of a stream; a bluff;
a cliff, Josh. 4: 18.

sakti chaha,n.,asteep place, Matt. 8: 32;
a high bank; a steep bluff or bank; a
precipice.

sakti foka, a., cliffy; clifty.

sakti humma, n., red banks; a red bank.

sakti ikbi, v. t., to bank; to make a dike,
levee, or causeway; to imbank.

sakti ikbi, n., a bank; a dike.

sakti la"fa, n., a furrowed bank; a bluff
marked with ridges or furrows made
by water running down the sides; the
name of the Chickasaw bluff on the
Mississippi at Memphis.

sakti oka pit akinafa, n., a cataract.

sakti oka pit akinafa, v. a. 1., to fall, as
water over a bluff or bank.

sakti toba, n.,a levee; an artificial bank.

salakha, n., the liver; the pluck.

saltili, n., a psaltery.

sam, sam (q. v.), pro., of me; used in the
negative form of verbs before p, as chik-
sampeso; isuba chiksampeso, you have
not seen any horses for me, or you have
not seen my horses.

samahachi, samahachi (q. v.), Vv. a. i.
pl., to ring, as a bell or bells; himonna
isuba nuchi at samahanchi na harkloli.

samahachi, n., the tinkling of a bell or
bells; a jingle.

samak, n., the sound of a bell; a single
sound of a bell.

samakachi, y. a. i., to ring.

samampa, n., the sharp sound of a
bell.

samampa, a., having a sharp sound.

samanta, see samania.

san, pro., of me; to me; also I; used
with neg. verbs, as iksanchukmo; tk-
sanchumpo, he did not buy of me or
forme. See sa”, sam, sam.

sanahchi, sanichi, n., a wing; a fin;
the skirt of a saddle.

sanahchi ikbi, v. t., to wing.

sanahchi takchi, y. t., to pinion.

| BULL. 46

sanali, insanali, n., his adversary, | Sam.
2: 10; imsanalali, 1 Kings 11: 14, 28;
insanali, to rebel against, Josh. 1: 18;
ilinsanali, to go against himself, Matt.
12: 26; sanali, asanali, insanali, ititsanali,
itasanali, itimasanali, Matt. 5: 39; 12:
25; 14: 24; 2 Sam. 24: 1.

sa, my; me, Luke1: 18; sachukuh; sapesa,
to see me.

salaha, a., slow; dilatory; heavy; prolix;
remiss; slack; tardy; tedious.

salaha, n., slowness; tardiness.

salaha, v. n., to be slow; isamitsalaha,
Matt. 18: 29.

salaha, v.a.i., to loiter; to slack.

salaha, n.,a loiterer.

salahat, adv., slowly; moderately; grad-
ually; heavily; leisurely.

salahachi, y. t., to cause to go slow; to
impede; to retard.

salahat, adv., slackly.

salahat anumpuli, v. t., to drawl.

salahat atya, v.a.i., to lag; to loiter; to
move slowly; to jog on.

salahat a®ya, n., a jogger.

salbash, n., a foot-log; a foot-bridge; a
tree lying across a creek.

salbo, a., hardened, as the skin in the in-
side of the hand; hard; salahbo, v. a.
i., to be ‘‘ past feeling,’’ Eph. 4: 19.

salbo, v.n., to be hard; v. a.i., to become
hard.

salbo,n., acorn on the foot; the hard skin
on the foot or hand of laboring peo-
ple; a corn; a callous.

salbochi, v. t., to harden; to make a cal-
lous; to harden the flesh.

sam, per. pro. I, in neg. verbs, as iksam-
iksho, I have none; of me; for me; to
me, Matt. 2: 8; see sam.

samahachechi, v. t., to jingle; to cause
to ring; to tinkle.

samahachi, samahachi (q. v.), Vv. a. i.,
to jingle; to tinkle; tali at samahachi,
talikasa yat samahachi.

samanta, n., peace.

samanta, samanta, imp., hush; si-
lence; keep still (a Chickasaw word).

samanta, a., mum; still; peaceful.

sanali, v. a. i., to go against, Luke 2: 34.

saso, n., my son; my children, Matt.
lY/e OE

saso tek, n., my daughter, Matt. 15: 22.

saso toba, n., my stepson.

satih, n., my mouth, Matt. 13: 35.

eee eee se ee

a ae —- — FP eee

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY

setan, n., satan; lucifer; the devil.

si, a particle suffixed to form a diminu-
tive; olanli, olanlisi; chabiha, chabihasi.
It may be of Chickasaw origin, yappasi,
yakosi.

si, 1; my, Luke 1: 19; sialhtoka, siokchulin-
chi, Luke 1: 47; sihaknip.

sia, 1; Kebliel sia hosh, Luke 1:19. This
pronoun is translated with the verb to
be; mihi yor sia hoke, John 9: 9; sia
hoke, I am, Matt. 8: 9; Hatak ushi siaha,
I the Son of Man am, Matt. 16: 13.

sihitka, sihitkah, v.a.i., to neigh; to
whinny; to bray.

sihitka, n., a neigh; a whinnying; a
bray.

sikkiliklik, see shikkiliklik.

siksiki, a., speckled; freckled; spangled
spots; having small spots.

siksiki, y. n., to be speckled.

siksiki, n., freckles.

siksikichi, v. t., to speckle.

silhhi, v. t., to track; to course; to dog;
to hunt; to trail; to act in order, Acts
iliac

silhhi, n., a tracker; a hunter.

silhhichi, v. t., to cause to track.

silik, n., silk.

silik, a., silken; silk.

simi"kahanchi, n., the sensation pro-
duced by a hot plaster on a sore.

simikli, a., severely painful.

simoa, a., striped; having small stripes.

simoa, y.n., to be striped.

simoachi, vy. t., to make stripes.

sinakak, n., a synagogue, Luke 4: 16;
the house appropriated to the religious
worship of the Jews.

sinakak chuka, n., a synagogue; i. e.,
the building.

sini, n., a sycamore; a buttonwood tree.

sinimpa, y.n., to be sweet.

sint, n.,a cent; the hundredth part of a
dollar.

sinti, n.,asnake; a serpent, Matt. 10: 16;
sinti yor, Matt. 7: 10.

sinti basoa, n., the gartersnake;
striped snake.

sinti chilita, n., a viper, Matt. 12: 34.

sinti hakshup,n., aslough; asnake skin.

sinti kobali, n., a joint snake, called
oksup taptua.

sinti kolokumpi, sinti kololumpi, n.,
the joint snake.

the

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 323

sinti kopoli, n., a snake bite.

sinti koyufa tohbi, n., the coachwhip
snake; see ipochi itimapa.

sinti lapitta, n., a large horned snake.

sinti lusa, n., a blacksnake.

sinti lusluki, n., a large venomous ser-
pent.

sinti okpulo, n., a viper, Luke 3: 7.

sinti pohkul, n., the king snake; a long
snake, with small yellow spots.

sinti shaui, n., a large venomous ser-
pent; a species of the rattlesnake.

sintulion, n., a centurion.

sintullo, n., a rattlesnake.

sintullo inchasha, n., a rattlesnake’s
rattles.

sintushi, n., a young serpent; aserpent’s
egg.

sipalka, n., a sepulcher, Matt. 23: 27;
a tomb, Matt. 23: 29.

sipi, a., old; shukha sipi, an old hog.

sipi, v. n., to be old.

sipokni, a., pp., old; aged; stricken in
years, Luke 1: 7; advanced in years;
antique; out of date; worn out; inveter-
ate; obsolete; trite; uncouth; veteran;
antiquated.

sipokni, v. n., to be old; ont achisipokni,
John 21: 18:1 Sam. 2:.225 Josh: 13: 1.

sipokni, n., old age; age; longevity; old-
ness; a veteran.

sipokni atapa, a., superannuated.

sipokni ishali, n., a senior; a., senior;
older; superior.

sipokni kat i®shali, a., oldest; first in
age; eldest.

sipokni kat itilaui, a., coequal.

sipoknichi, v. t., to make old; to render
aged.

Siptimba, n., September.

sita, pp., bound up; tied up, as a bundle
of grain.

sita, n., a bundle; a sheaf.

sita, n., binding quality; wide ferret.

sita fataha, n., a ribbon.

sita lapushki, n., ribbon.

siteli, v. t., to bind; to tie up in a bundle;
to sheaf.

sitlon, n., iti sitlon, thyine wood, Rey. 18:
12.

sitoha, pp. pl., bound up; tied up.

sitoha, n. pl., sheaves; bundles.

sitoli, vy. t., to bind up; to tie up in bun-
dles; to sheaf, Matt. 15: 30.

324

sitopa; iksitopo, a., decrepit, Luke 13: 12;
n., acripple; iksitopuchi, v. t., to erip-
ple, Luke 13: 11.

sobonoa, y. n., to swell, as the flesh of
a person.

sokbish, a.
road.

sokbish, vy. n., to be down.

sokbish, n., that end of a stream which
lies toward the mouth; ‘‘nether,”’
Josh. 15: 19; ibetup, the other part.

sokbish isht ashana, n., the breech of
a gun.

sokbish pila, ady., toward the mouth;
downstream.

sokbish pilla, at or quite to the mouth
or end of the stream.

sokolichi, v. t. sing., to smite; to tap.

sokutha, sokotha, v. t., to smite; to tap;
to rap; to strike with the knuckles,
Luke 11:9; to knock, Matt. 7: 7; Luke
13: 25, where it is used in the plural
number.

sokutha, n., a smiting.

sukko, v. a.i., to thicken.

sukko, pp., thickened; fulled.

sukko, n., a diameter, grossness.

sukko, a., thick; coarse; dense; gross;
vy. n. and n., thickness; diameter;
iksukko, thin.

sukko, adyvy.,
thinly.

sukkochi, v. t., to thicken; to full, as
cloth.

suko, n., a muscadine.

sukolichi, v. t., to tap; see sokuha.

sutksowa, v. t., to kiss; to play with
the lips; to make a whistling noise;
insunksowa, Luke 7: 38; see ipunspoa.

down, as a stream or a

thickly; iksukko, ady.,

sh, and, used as a conjunction; derived
from cha and pronounced sh for the
sake of euphony, I should think, as cha
is used for the other persons when sh
is used with the first person; chumpa-
lish; 2 Sam. 24: 21; ialish, Matt. 2: 8.
Itis used as a conjunction with li and
ki, lish and kish, talish, akithanokish.

sh suffixed to the-article pronoun, «a, ha,
ya, ka, ma, forms the renewed or con-
tinued mention art. pro., thus: ash,
hash, yash, kash, and chash.

shabahki, a., oval; long and round.

shabapa, y.a.i., to stand thick, as grain
or corn in a hill.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

shachaha, shachaha, y. a. i., to rustle;
to make a noise, as leaves.

shachaha, ady., course, as shalintak sha-
chaha.

shachahachiz, v. t., to rustle, as dry leaves;
hashtap an shachahachi; see shachahachi.

shachak, n., a noise made among dry
leaves.

shachakachi, y. a. i., to make a single
rustling noise.

shachala, v. t., to bristle.

shachia, v. a.i., to bristle, as an angry
hog, dog, ete.

shachuna, n., an onion; aname peculiar
to some portions of the Choctaw, as
the Sixtowns or Bay Indians.

shafa, n., that which is shaved; a shay-
ing; isht shanfa, a shave or drawing
knife; a drawshave.

sha®fa, pp., shaved; planed; scraped; cut;
iti at shanfa, shukha yat sharfa.

sha®fi, y. t., toshave; to scrape; to plane;
to cut; asha”fi, n., place where shaving
is done and the shaving or thin piece
shaved off.

shafi, n., one who shaves; a shaver.

sha"fichechi, vy. t., to cause one person
to shave another, Judg. 16: 19.

shaXfit itiaiopitammi, pp., rabbeted.

shatfit itiaiopitammichi, v. t., to rab-
bet; to shave and lap over.

shaha, pp., scraped; hoshinshi at shaha,
the quill is scraped.

shatha, n., a kind of wild goose.

shatha, n., a shell gorget; a gorget made
of shell and worn on the neck.

shatha toba, n., an oyster shell.

shahbi, a., pp., cleared; clear; hina yat
shahbi, exposed; open; vacant; void;
uncovered, Gen. 9:21; nakedness, Ex.
20: 26.

shahbi, n., openness; vacancy.

shahbichi, v. t., to clear; hina shahbichi;
yakni shahbichi, to clear land; to expose.

shahbika, shahbeka, n., a clearing; an
opening.

shahsholechi, y. t., anumpa ititshah-
sholechi, to contend in conversation,
Gal. 5:20.

shahsholi, shasholi, y. t. pl., to carry;
used with iti prefixed; itimshashoh,
to exceed each other; to go back-
wards and forwards, or unequally; 7i-
shashonli, pl. of shali, Acts 15: 22.

BYINGTON]

shaiksheli, y.a.i., to hobble; shaiiksheli,
Gen. 30: 11, 31.

shaioksholi, v. a. i., towaddle, asa duck;
to limp, as one with legs of unequal
length.

shaiukli, v. a. i., to limp, as when the
hip is out of joint.

shaiukli, n., a limper.

shakahachi, v.a.i., to make a noise by
grating the teeth; shukha nuti at shaka-
hachi.

shakahachi, n., the grating of the teeth.

shakalalli, y. a. i. sing., to slip, Deut.
32: 35; see shalalli.

shakalalli, n., a slip; one who slips.

shakalallichi, v. t., to cause to slip.

shakali, v. a.i. sing., to make a noise by
grating the teeth; shakanli, n. f.

shakampi, n., a projection like a prom-
ontory; as yakni shakampi; shakanshu-
bi, pl.

shakanlichi, shakonlichi, v. t., to make
a noise in eating.

shakanlichi, shukonlichi, n., the noise
made by eating.

shakapa, v. a. i., to shout; to halloo; to
make aloud noise; to ululate, 1 Sam.
4: 5; Josh. 6: 5, 10.

shakapa, n., a loud noise; a hallooing;
a fuss; a hubbub; an uproar; a shout,
1 Sam. 4: 5, 6.

shakawa, n., a grating, harsh noise.

shaka®wa, v. a. i., to make a grating
noise, as horses do when they eat
pumpkins.

shakabli, v. t., to make a loud noise; to
shout.

shakabli, n., a shouter; a noisy person.

shakablichi, v. t., to cause a noise.

shakba, n., the arm; a sleeve.

shakba achunli, vy. t., to sleeve; to sew
on a sleeve.

shakba afohomit ishi, v. t., to clasp.

shakba afoka, n., an armhole.

shakba alota, n., an armful.

shakba apotoma, n., a cuff.

shakba alhfabeka, n., the left arm.

shakba alhfoa, n., arm bands. The
Choctaw formerly wore large silver
bands on the arms above and below
the elbow.

shakba fohki, v. t., to embosom; to place

in the arms; to sleeve.
shakba foka, pp., embosomed; placed

in the arms.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

325

shakba isht impaka, n., the right arm.

shakba isht incha®ya, n., a spring
lancet.

shakba isht tumpa, n., a lancet.

shakba i?shu"kani, ibbak i4"shu"kani,
n., the elbow; the point of the elbow.

shakba kallo, n., a strong arm.

shakba tumpli, y. t., to bleed the arm;
to let blood from the arm; to bleed.

shakba tumpli, n., veneration.

shakba poloma, n., the bosom; the
bended or folded arms; the embrace of
the arms.

shakba tali haksi lapali,n., a sleeve
button.

shakbatina, n., a wildcat.

shakbona, a., moldy; weevil-eaten;
tanchi shakbona, brown; as hishi shak-
bona(P. F.); wak shakbona, a dusky or
dun-colored cow.

shakbona, v. n., to be moldy.

shakbonachi, y. t., to mold.

shakchi, n., a crawfish.

shakchi inchuka, n., the hole or house
of a crawfish.

shakinlichi, shakanlichi, v. t., to grate;
to seranch.

shakla, n., a riddle; a coarse sieve.

shakla, n., name of a fish; Ch. Sp. Book,
Derails

shatkolo, n., a cypress tree.

shatkolo itibbi, n., a cypress knee;
cypress knees.

shakonlichi, see shakanlichi.

shakshampi, n., a large black bug; a
beetle.

shakulap, n., a crabapple.

shala hinla, a., portable.

shalak, see shelak.

shalakli, v. a. i., sing., to slip (once).

shalatkpa, a., rotten, as dry, rotten
wood.

shalahi, shalali, v. a. i. pl., to slip; to
slide; to wallow, Mark 9: 20.

shalatichi, v. caus., to cause to slide.

shalalli, y. a. i. sing., to slip; to slide; to
drag.

shalalli, n., a slip; one who slips.

shalalli, pp., dragged.

shalallichi, v. t., to cause to slip; to
slide; to slip; to drag; to haul; to lug:
to shuffle.

shali, a., heavy.

326 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

shali, v. t., sing.; shawa, pl., to carry;
tohaul; to convey; to bear; to drag; to
carry young; alla imshali, Matt. 1: 18;
to conceive, 1 Sam. 2: 21; shat, cont.;
shanli, nasal form, shahanli, freq. form,
as shat anya, to take along; to carry
along; shat anta, to be now carrying;
shat ia, to earry; shat minti, to bring;
shat ona, to carry to; shat ala, to bring
here; to fetch; shat isht anya, n., car-
riage; the loading; carrying.

shali, n., a carrier; a bearer; a bringer;
a conveyer; a hauler.

shalichi, y. t., tocause to carry; to make
a carriage ready, 2 Kings 9: 21.

shalichi, n., one who compels another
to carry.

shalintak, hashintak, n.,acomb; shal-
intak imshinfi; shalintak imshill.

shalintak ikbi, n., a comb maker.

shalintak shachaha, n., a coarse comb.

shalintakoba, n., name of a weed.

shalontaki, shaluntaki, n., a cricket.

shali, a., addicted to any course or
state; given to; habitual; excessive;
abeka shati, nukoa shati.

shahi, v. n., to be habitual, or addicted to.

shahi, ady., habitually; excessively.

shatichi, vy. t., to scrape; hoshishi atsha-
licht.

shamalli, v. a. i. sing., to stand in.

shamalli, pp., placed in; stuck in.

shamallichi, v. t., to place in; to stick
in; to tuck; to wedge.

shamoli, vy. a. i. pl., to stand in (a crack);
to liein; to stick in, as pins in a cushion.

shamoh, pp., stuck in.

shamolichi, v. t., to stick them in, as
to place letters in cracks or pins in a
cushion.

shanaia, y. a.i., to recline; to bend; to
swerve; to tack; to turn, Matt. 5: 42.

shanaia, shanaiya, shanaia, a., pp.,
crooked; awry; askew; turned; di-
verted; perverse; slant; slanting; wry;
wry necked; twisted; perverted.

shanaia, y. n., to be crooked.

shanaia, n., crookedness.

shanaia hinla, a., pliable; pliant.

shanaiachi, v. t., to turn, Deut. 13: 17.

shanaiahe keyu, a., immovable; im-
mutable; unchangeable.

shanaiahe keyu, adv., immovably.

| BULL. 46

shanaiahe keyu, n., immutability.

shanaiachi, shanaiyachi, v. t. sing.,
to crook; to bend; totwist; to wrench;
to divert; to pervert; to slant; to turn;
to twirl. i

shanaioa,a. pl., crooked; awry; incon-
stant; variable; mazy.

shanaioa, pp., bent; twisted.

shanaioa, v. n., to be crooked.

shanaioa, v. a.i., tofluctuate; to wabble.

shanaioa keyu, a., invariable.

shanaioli, y. t., to crook; to bend; to
twist; to turn askew; to prevaricate.

shanaiya, see shanaia.

shanaiyachi, n., a diverter.

shanali, shanali, shanalichi, v. a. i., to
turn.

shananchi, vy. t., to turn; to twist.

shanakha, shinakha, n., the upper part
of the back between the shoulders.

shaneli, y. t. sing., to turn; to twist.

shapo, shapoh, n., a pack; a load; a
bundle; a burden; baggage; a pack-
age, Matt. 11: 28.

shapo, pp., loaded; packed.

shapoli, shapuli, pp., loaded; burdened;
packed; laden.

shapoweki, n., luggage.

shapulechi, y. t., to pack; to load; to
burden; to put into a bag; to load with
bags; to load a horse, a boat, ora wagon;
to lade; atablit shapulechi, v. t., to over-
load.

shapulechi, n., a loader.

shapuli, n., a lading.

shasholi, see shahsholi.

shataioa, a. pl., swollen in various
places.

shataioa, v. n., to be swollen.

shataioli, v. a. i., to swell in various
places.

shataiolichi, vy. t., to produce swellings;
to cause to swell.

shatali, vy. a. i. sing., to swell, as flesh,
a sore, etc., not as a stream or soaked
grain, etc.; shatoti, pl.

shatali, shatali, pp., a., swollen; tume-
fied; turgid; sashatali, I have a swell-
ing, or I am swollen, say with boils;
shatoti, pl.

shatali, shatah, n., aswelling; a fistula;
a swell; a whitlow; awindgall; shatoli,

pl.

tel dl

BYINGTON]

shatalichi, v. t., to cause to swell; to
produce a swelling; to tumefy; shatoli-
chi, pl.

shatapa, v. a. i., to swell.

shatapa, n., a swelling.

shatabli, shitabli, v. a. i., to swell; to
bloat.

shatabli, n., a swelling.

shatabli, pp., swollen; bloated, as an an-
imal; a., turgid.

shatablichi, vy. t., to cause to swell.

shatablichi, a., swollen; bloated.

shatammi, shatummi, shitammi, v.
a. i., to bloat; to swell up in the bow-
els; to cake up; to ferment.

shatammi, pp., swollen; swelled; caked;
fermented; inflated; leavened, Matt.
soot Oshiro sae

shatammi, n., a hard swelling; a can-
cer; a botch.

shatammichi, y. t., to cause to swell;
to ferment; to inflate.

shatammichi, a., swollen.

shatanni, n., a tick; a wood tick.

shatannushi, n., aseed tick;ayoung tick.

shatohpa, v. a. i., to swell.

shatohpa, n., a swelling; a hard, dry
swelling; a wen; a white swelling.

shatohpa, pp., swollen.

shatosholi, v. a. i. pl., to swell.

shatosholi, pp., swollen.

shatosholi, n., swellings.

shatosholichi, y. t., to produce swell-
ings.

shatummi, see shatammi.

shauaha, a., wide apart, as the teeth of a
rake.

shauaha, vy. n., to be wide apart.

shauahachi, v. t., to place them wide
apart; to cause to be wide apart.

shaualoha, see shauwaloha.

shaualohachi, see shauwalohachi.

shauala, see shauola.

shauashko, n., name of a weed called
boneset.

shaui, n., a raccoon.

shaui hatak, n., an ape; a monkey.

shaui hatak chito, n., a baboon.

shaui imanchaha, n., a pied moccasin
snake; a moccasin.

shauiya, ady., having small specks, like
some stained book covers; shawiwin-
kachi, pl.

shauola, shauala, a., wide apart.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 327

shauola, y. n., to be wide apart.

shauwa, n., brush; dead limbs of a tree;
a shrub; underbrush.

shauwa takchi, v. t., to faggot; to tie
brush.

shauwa talakchi, pp., faggotted.

shauwa talakchi, n., a faggot.

shauwaloha, shaualoha, a. pl., wide
apart.

shauwaloha, y. n., to be wide apart; to
grow with wide-spreading branches.

shauwalohachi, shaualohachi, v. t., to
place them wide apart; to make grow
with wide-spreading branches.

shawa, see shali.

sha™wa, v. a. i., to snort like a deer ora
wild horse.

sha®wa, n., a snorting; a snorter.

shawila, n., a sty.

shatya, pp., borne;
Shalt, v. t. (qeva)ie

shachaha, v.a.i., to be shrunk, as grains
of corn on the cob.

shachatha, shachaha y. a. i., to be
coarse, like the teeth of a comb; hash-
intak shachatha, a coarse comb.

shachahachi, y.a.i., to rattle, like dried
leaves when walked on; see shachahachi.

shachakamo, a., moist; wet a little.

shachakba, n., the spine of a hog.

shacheha, v.a.i., to become tangled

shacheha, pp., entangled.

shachehachi, v. t., to entangle.

shachila, vy. a.i., to be entangled, like un-
combed hair; to be snarled up.

shachoha, shochoha (q. v.), a., Knurly.

shachopa, v.a.i., to tangle.

shachopa, pp., entangled.

shachopachi, v. t., to entangle.

shafa, pp., scraped; scratched.

shaffi, v. t., to scrape; to scrabble; to
seraffe; to scratch; to paw; to draw
out, as to draw out ashes from a stove;
akatka yat yakni an shaffi; wak at yakna
at shaffi.

shaffichi. v. t., to cause to scrape.

shalakli, v.a.i., to slip once, or to scrape
the foot.

shana, a., wry.

shana, v.a.i., totwist; to turn; to kink;
to writhe.

shana, pp., twisted; turned ;
kinked; serewed; wrested; wrenched;
wringed; writhed.

carried; hauled;

spun;

328 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

shana, n., a kink; a twist.

shanachi, y. t., to twist; to turn; to
divert, as imanukjila shananchi; shanan-
chi, shananchi (q. v.), nasal form, to
parry.

shanafila, chanafila, n., black haw;
black hawthorn.

shanahe keyu, a., immovable.

shanaia, see shanaia.

shanakachi, y.a.i., to wind along, as a
serpent; to writhe.

shanalichi, shanali, see shanali.

shanni, y.t., to spin; to screw; to turn;
to wrench; to wrest; to wring.

shanni, n., a wrench.

shanni, n., a spinner; a wringer.

shannichi, y. t., to lock; to padlock.

shapha, n., a flag; a standard; a color; a
banner; an ensign; a pendant; a pen-
nant; a streamer.

shaphashali, n., an ensign.

shapo, n., a hat; a bonnet; a cap;
borrowed from the French chapeau,
a hat.

shapo anu"kaka alata,n.,a hat lining.

shapo haksobish, n., the brim of a hat.

shapo ikbi, shapikbi, n., a hatter.

shapo impahaia, shapo impahia, n., a
hat brim; the brim of a hat.

shapo intalla, n.,a hat crown.

shapo isht talakchi, n., a hat band.

shapo kallo, n., a headpiece; a helmet.

shapo nushkobo, n., a hat crown.

shapo paknaka, n., a hat crown.

shapoli, v. t., to put on a hat; to place a
hat on one’s own head; to wear a hat;
to have a hat on.

shapolichi, y. t., to put a hat upon the
head of another person.

shebli, shepli, v. t., to stretch; to draw
out in length; to lengthen out; to ex-
tend; to draw; to sag; to wire draw;
nan tanna shebli; tali av shebli; to draw
out iron; to draw, asa bowstring, 2
Kings 9: 24.

shebli, n., one who stretches; astretcher.

shebli, n., tension.

sheblichi, y. t., to cause to draw out.

shehkachi, see shinfkachi.

shekel, n., a shekel, 1 Kings 10: 29; 2
Sam. 24: 24; Josh. 7: 21.

sheki, n., a buzzard.

sheki chito, n., a vulture.

|BuLL. 46

sheki kolofa, sheki tullo, sheki talh-
ko, n., ashort-tailed buzzard; a carrion
crow.

shekonobli, v. t., to tie.

shekonopa, pp., tied; itashekonopa, tied
together, Acts 10: 11.

shelak, shalak, n., the sound of asudden
slide.

sheli, y. t. pl., to unravel; to pull them
out; to pick; to ravel; ponola ya” sheti;
shinfi, sing; shinli, v. t., to pick; shinli,
n., a picker.

shetichi, y. t., to card wool, cotton, ete.

shelichi, n., a carder.

shema, vy. t., to dress up one’s self; to
dress in fine clothes; to put on orna-
ments; to adorn; to apparel; to array;
to attire; to accoutre; to ornament; to
deck; to decorate; to habit; to prank;
to prim; to rig; to trim; idakshema, to
deck himself.

shema, pp., dressed; apparelled; accou-
tred; adorned; ornamented; decorated;
decked;embellished; garnished; graced;
invested; trimmed, Matt. 12: 44; ishit
shema, habited with; isht ashema, ar-
rayed in, with, or by means of, Matt.
6: 29.

shema, n., a dresser; a rigger.

shemachechi, v. t., to embellish another.

shemachi, shemachi, vy. t., to dress up
another; to accoutre; to adorn; to orna-
ment, Matt. 6: 30; 2Sam.1: 24; toarray;
to attire; to tire, 2 Kings 9:30; to deck;
to decorate; to garnish; to grace; to in-
vest; to prank; to prim; torig; to trim;
(another in all instances).

shemachi, n., a dresser; a rigger.

shepa, n., tension.

shepa, v. a. i., to stretch; to draw out;
to sag.

shepa, pp., stretched; drawn out;
strained; wiredrawn.

shepa hinla, a., malleable.

shepkachi, pp. pl., stretched; drawn out.

shepkachi, y. a. i., to stretch; to draw
out.

shepli, see shebli.

shepoa, v. a. i. pl., to stretch; to draw
out; to extend.

shepoa, pp. pl., stretched.

shepolichi, v. t. caus., to cause to stretch;
to stretch.

Seite. =

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF

shepohi, y. t. pl., to stretch; to extend;
to draw out.

shibafa, vy. a. i. sing., to split; to splinter.

shibafa, pp., splintered.

shibafa, n., a splinter.

shibahi, vy. a. i. pl., to split; to splinter.

shibali, pp., splintered.

shibali, n., splinters.

shibatichi, vy. t., to splinter.

shibaffi, v. t. sing., to splinter.

shibaffi, n., one who splits or splinters.

shibbi, shimmi, y. t. pl., to split off, as
the bark of cane for baskets (oskashiba,
the cane from which the bark has been
peeled off); to peel off or hull corn.

shitfa, vy. a. i. sing.. to unravel; to draw
out.

shitfa, pp., unraveled; drawn out.

shi"fi, y. t. sing., to unravel; to draw out,
as a lot; to trash; shoeli, pl.

shi2fi, n., one who unravels.

shitfkachi, shehkachi, y. a. i. pl., to
unravel; shifkatchi, shifkahanchi.

shifkachi, pp., unraveled.

shiha, v. a. i., to unravel; to come out;
itashiha y. a. i., to tangle.

shiha, pp., unraveled; carded; raveled;
teased; itasheha, tangled; snarled; see
shochohah.

shihachi, pp., carded; unbraided; pono-
la yat shihachi, ponola isht shihachi, a
cotton card; itashihachi, y. t., to tangle;
itashihachichi, to snarl; to tangle.

shihtilema, shittilema (q. v.), v. t., to
despise.

shitkachi, y. a. i., to whiz, as a musket
ball.

shitkak, n., a small blackbird.

shikali, v. a. i., shikanli, n. f., to tingle
the nose.

shikanli, n., a tingling; strong stinging,
as red pepper when eaten.

shikanlichi, y. t., to tingle the nose; to
strangle, as when mustard or pepper is
taken in too large quantities.

shikanoachi; see ashekonoa; itashekano-
achi, v. t., to snarl; to snarl up together.

shikalilli, n., a small white bead, such
as are used in making belts, moccasins,
efc.

shikalla, i"shikalla, n., a bead; beads of
the common kind; a necklace.

shikalla ikbi, n., a beadimaker.

THE

CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 329

Shikallak, n., name of a creek in the old
Nation.

shikekli, y. a. i. pl., to stand tiptoe.

shikeli, yv. a. i., to stand tiptoe.

shikiffi, vy. a. i., to rattle in the throat;
anukshikiffi.

shikiffi, n., an affection in the throat.

shikkiliklik, sikkiliklik, n., a sparrow
hawk.

shikoa, see shikowa.

shikobli, v. t., to put on a plume; to
plume one’s self.

shikoblichi, y. t., to put a plume upon
another.

shikofa, y. a. i., to wrinkle, as a man’s
face.

shikofa, pp., wrinkled; furrowed, as the
face of the aged.

shikofa, n., a wrinkle.

shikoffi, vy. t., to wrinkle; to contract, as
the skin of the face.

shikoha, n., the creases on a screw.

shikohi, v. a. i. pl., to wrinkle; to tie up,
as the ears of corn are tied up by the
husks to dry—tanch shikoti.

shikoli, pp., wrinkled; tied up; creased.

shikolichi, v. t., to cause to wrinkle.

shikopa, n., a plume; a crest; a feather.

shikopa isht shema, y. t., to feather;
to adorn with a plume.

shikowa, shikoa, v.a. 1. pl., to wrinkle.

shikowa, pp., wrinkled; tied up, as ears
of corn to dry for seed; a., rough; un-
even, like the grains of sweet corn when
dry. :

shikowa, n., wrinkles; corn tied up.

shila, v. a.i., to dry; to bake, as the
earth; to season, as wood; to cure; to
contract; to wither; to evaporate.

shila, pp., dried; baked; cured; withered;
contracted; evaporated; saved, as meat;
seared; seasoned; shrunk; ikshelo, a.,
undried; unseasoned.

shila, a., dry; arid; husky; mealy; sere,
Josha ss wie 2.

shila, n., dryness; huskiness; ashitla, a
dry place.

shilachi, v. t., to dry.

shilaia, shillayah, y. a. i. pl., to toss up
the hands and feet, as an infant when
lying on its back.

shilaii, n., a species of frog.

330

shilaiyakachi, y. a. i. sing., to toss up
the hands and feet.

shilaklak, n., a goose; a tame goose;
hankha, a wild goose.

shilaklak nakni, n., a gander.

shilaklak tek, n., the female goose.

shilaklak ushi, n., a gosling; a goose
egg.

shilachi, v. t., to dry.

shileli, y. t., to dry; to bake; to cure; to
season; to save, as meat; to shrink; to
dry up, Josh. 2: 10; 4: 23; 5: 1.

shileli, n., a drier; one who dries, etc.

shilla, pp., combed; curried; pamshi at
shilla, isuba hat imshillat taha; ikshillo,
a., uncombed.

shillayah, see slilaia.

shilli, y. t., to comb; to curry an animal;
to rub; to tease; imshilli, to curry him;
isuba inshilli, to curry a horse.

shilli, n., a comber; one who curries.

shiloa, vy. a. i., to ring; to rattle.

shilohachi, y. a. i., to whiz, as a minie
ball, or one that is long.

shilombish, n., the shadow ofa creature,
an animal, or aman; the soul, Matt. 16:
26; the spirit; a ghost; a shade; a spec-
tre; a sprite; imishilombish, his soul,
Matt. 16: 26.

shilombish ahalaia, a., spiritual; ami-
shilombish o%, my spirit.

Shilombish chitokaka aba, n., Deity.

Shilombish holitopa, n., the Holy
Spirit; the Holy Ghost; Deity; the
Paraclete.

shilombish iksho, a., soulless.

shilombish isht aiatta, a., renewed by
the spirit.

shilombish kania, vy. a. i., to entrance.

shilombish okpulo, n., anunclean spirit;
an evil spirit; the devil; satan; an un-
clean devil, Luke 4: 33; a demon; a
fiend; hell, i. e., the infernal powers;
an imp.

shilombish okpulo aiilbasha a®sha,a.,
infernal; an infernal spirit.

shilombish okpulo holba, a., fiendlike.

shilu"ka, pp., a., weevil-eaten; eaten by
weevils; tanchi at shilutka, onush at shi-
lunka.

shilukafama, n., name of a weed.

shilu"kachi, a., weevil-eaten; full of
hales; tanchi shilunkachi.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

| BULL. 46

shilukpa, shilupa, n., the lights; the
lungs; the vitals; a lung; the pluck.

shilukpa tachowa, shilukpa shua,
consumption; diseased vitals.

shilukwa, n., a toad; a wart.

shilukwa okpulo, n., a cancer.

shilukwushi, n., a young toad; thespawn
of a toad.

shilup, n., a ghost; a spirit, Matt. 14: 26;
a sprite; an apparition; a fantasm; the
painting or picture of a man; manes; a
phantom; a shade; a spectre.

shilup aiasha, v. a.i., v. t., to haunt.

shilup aiasha, pp., haunted.

shilupa, see shilukpa.

shima, y. a. i., to split; to rive; to scantle;
to shatter.

shima, pp., split; riven; shattered.

shima, n., that which is split.

shimafa, v. a. i. sing., to split; to splinter;
to cleave; to rift; to rive. -

shimafa, pp., split; cleft; riven.

shimafa, n., a splinter.

shimali, y. a. 1. pl., to split; to rive.

shimali, pp., split; riven.

shimatlichi, v. t., to split into fine pieces;
to rive; to splinter.

shimatlichi, n., a splitter.

shimaffi, shimmaffi, v. t., to cleave; to
split off one small piece; to rift.

shimimpa, shimipa, see shinimpa.

shimmi, shibbi, v. t., to split; to rive;
to split into shingles; toshatter; tosliver.
Capt. Miashambe used the second form
See shimnuffi.

shimmi, n., a river; a boardmaker.

shimmoli, see shimoli.

shimnuffi, shinuffi, v. t., to split off one
small piece; to splinter; shibbi, pl., in
oski am shibbi, to peel off the thin out-
side bark of cane to make baskets.

shimoha, v. a. i., to have the nightmare;
to sleep, as the limbs, arms, or legs; to
have the jerks (shimohat itula); to swoon;
to be insensible, as from drinking freely
of ardent spirits.

shimoha, n., numbness of the limbs, as
when asleep; the ‘‘ jerks’’ or the exer-
cise, such as some people exhibit at re-
ligious meetings; the nightmare; incu-
bus; a swoon.

shimoha, a., numb); asleep, as the limbs.

shimoha, pp., benumbed; rendered tor-
pid; paralyzed; intoxicated.

BYINGTON]

shimohachi, v. t., to benumb; to bring
on the nightmare, the jerks, etc.; to
numb.

shimoli, shimmoli, y. a. i., to smart, as
a flesh wound.

shimoli, shimmoli, n., smart.

shimoli, y. t., to benumb.

shimoli, pp., made to smart; benumbed.

shimolichi, v. t., to make the flesh smart.

shinakha, shanakha, n., the upper part
of the back between the shoulders.

shinakha umpatha, n., a cape.

shinap, n., ash; white ash.

shinasbi, shinisbi (q. v.), a., moist;
sweaty; sticky.

shinashbi, shinashbo, a., thick; sticky,
like honey or molasses.

shini"fa, shiniffi, see nukshinifa, etc..

shinihachi, y. a. i., to hum.

shinihachi, n., a hum; a stir.

shinilli, y. a. i., to run out; to ooze out,
as the juices of meat when roasted; to
trickle, as perspiration.

shinillichi, v. t., to cause to run out, ete.

shinimpa, shimipa, shimimpa, a.,
swift; quick; rapid; hika kat shinimpa,
maleli kat shinimpa.

shinimpa, vy. n., to beswift, 2 Sam. 1: 23.

shinimpa, n., swiftness; celerity; quick-
ness; rapidity; velocity.

shinimpachi, v. t., to cause to go swiftly.

shinisbi, shinasbi, a., moist, as the skin
when sweaty; sweaty.

shinisbi, v. n., to be moist or sweaty.

shinisbi, n., moisture on the flesh.

shinisbichi, v. t., to make moist; to
cause moisture.

shinli (from shilli, q. v.), v. t., to pick
out from a hole or from between; to
pick the teeth; noft i%shinli, a tooth-
pick; pass., shityah like chatyah, from
chanli.

shinli, n., a picker.

shinoa, v. a. i., to wrinkle.

shinoa, pp., wrinkled; nashuka yat shi-
noat taha; tarsh shinoa, name of sweet
corn.

shinoa, n., wrinkles; a dimple.

shinofa, y. a. i., to wrinkle; talhko at
shinofa.

shinofa, pp., wrinkled.

shinofa, n., a wrinkle.

shinoffi, v. t., to wrinkle; to draw up;
to pucker up.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE aou

shinoh, y. a. i. pl., to wrinkle; to pucker;
to contract.

shinoh, pp., wrinkled.

shinoli, n., wrinkles.

shinolichi, y. t., to wrinkle up; to cause
to wrinkle.

shinonoa, vy. a. i., to wrinkle.

shinonoa, pp., wrinkled.

shinonoa, n., wrinkles.

shinono®kachi, pp., wrinkled.

shinono®kachi, vy. a. i., to wrinkle.

shinonolichi, vy. t., to make wrinkles; to
wrinkle.

shinuffi, see shimnu/fi.

shinuk, n., sand; shinuk paknaka yon,
the sand, Matt. 7: 26.

shinuk aialhto, n., a sand box.

shinuk foka, n., the desert; the sand
barrens; a desert place; destruction;
the sands.

shinuk haiemo, n., quicksand.

shinuk kaha, n., the dead; destruction;
quicksand; sands; deserts; shinuk kaha
ia, they have gone to the dead (not
often used).

shinuk laua, a., sandy.

shinuk o"tali, vy. t., to sand.

shinuk o®laya, pp., sanded.

shinuktileli, n., wild balm; horsemint
(a weed).

shinukyolulli, n., sarsaparilla.

shiota, yv. a. i., to subside, as a swelling.

shipachi, see shippachi.

shippa, v. a. i., to dry, as a cow fails to
give milk; to go dry.

shippa, y. a. i., to abate; to subside; to
cool, asa fever; to go down; to ebb; to
fall, as water ina stream; to evaporate;
to lower; to remit.

shippa, pp., abated; subsided; cooled;
assuaged; fallen; evaporated; ikshippo,
a., unabated.

shippa, a., low.

shippachechi, y. t., to abate; to cause
to abate; to cool.

shippachi, y. a. i., to cool; to abate; to
subside; toremit; yanha kat shipachitok,
the fever left her.

shippachi, shipachi, a., pp., cooled;
assuaged; abated.

shippali, v. t., to cool; to assuage; to mit-
igate; to cause to fall or go down, ebb,
ete.

shitabli, see shatabli.

332

shitammi, shatammi (q. v.), v. a. i., to
swell up in the bowels.

shitibli, v. a. i., to swell, as grain when
soaked.

shitibli, pp., swollen.

shitiblichi, vy. t., to cause to swell; to
swell.

shitimmi, a., puffy; v. n., to be puffy.

shitimmi, v. a. i., to puff; to swell.

shittilema, shihtilema, ishtilema (in
old times), v. t., to despise; to scorn; to
disdain; to contemn; to reject; to scout;
to sneer; to spurn; to abhor, 1 Kings
Tce Zoe al Samae2iseley

shittilema, n., one who scorns; a con-
temner; a scorner; a loather; scorn; a
sneer.

shittilema, a., scornful; despicable; dis-
dainful.

shittilemachi, vy. t., to render scornful;
to cause to scorn.

shiZya, pp., picked; see sheli.

shiyuli, v. t.,to fallon; to hold; see Gen.
45: 14, to fall on the neck, ete. (tipia is
used in the last translation).

shke, see ishke.

shobi, see shohbi.

shobobu®kachi, y. a. i., rent, like corn
leaves by the hail.

shobohi, shobulli, v. a. i., to smoke; to
ascend, as smoke, fog, steam, etc.; to
fume; to reek, Josh. 8: 20; shobonli,
reeking.

shoboli, shobulli, a., smoky; smoking.
Matt. 12: 20; pp., smoked; o”shoboli.

shoboli, n., smoke; a current of smoke;
a fume; steam.

shobolichi, y. t., to smoke; to fume; ni-
pi ar onshobolichi, to smoke meat; to fu-
migate; to smother; nipi a” onshobulli-
chi, to smoke on (o” being on); o%shobul-
lichi, n., a smoker.

shobota, v.a.i., to ascend, as ashes, dust,
or sand; hitukchubi at shobota.

shobota, n., steam.

shobulli, see shoboli.

shochoha, a., pp., entangled; snarled;
knurly; knurled; anwmpa shochoha, iti
shochoha.

shochoha, v. a. i., to tangle up; to become
entangled; itashochoha.

shochoha, n., a snarl.

shocholi, vy. t., to entangle; ponolaya” ish-
shocholi na.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

| BULL. 46

shoekachi, v. a. i., to rip off, like the sole
of a shoe; shulush at shoekachi.

shoeli, shueli, v. t. pl., to divest; to un-
ravel; to draw out; shinfi, sing.

shofoha, vy. a. i., to swell; pp., swollen.

shofoli, v. a. i., to swell; to rise, as flesh
when it first begins to swell.

shofoli, pp., swollen.

shofoli, n., a swelling.

shofoli, a., sandy; yakni shofoli, sandy
land.

shofolichi, y. t., to swell; to cause to
swell.

shoha, pp., ground; sharpened; sholichi,
Viens

shohalalli, vy. a. i., to slip; to slide; sa-
shohalalli cha satula. |

shohalallichi, v. t., to cause to slip or
slide.

shohala, shohhala, a., light; buoyant,
Matt. 11: 30; tiak shohala, dry pine, rot-
ten through.

shohala, y. n., to be light; shohalaiya,
pro. form.

shohala, pp., lightened.

shohala, n., levity; lightness; buoyancy.

shohalachi, y. t., to make light; to
lighten.

shohbi, shobi, n., evening; the close of
the day; all day; antali shohbi, I have
stayed all day.

shohbi, vy. a. i.; shoba” hosi, Matt. 14: 15.

shohbichi, y. t., to continue at an em-
ployment till night; to make it night;
to finish the day; to spend the day.

shohbikanli, n., evening.

shohbikanli, y. a. i., to become evening.

shohhalali, y. a. i. pl., to slip down.

shohhalatichi, y. t., to cause to slip.

shohhala, see shohala.

shohkalali, a., clear; bright; limpid;
transparent; vivid; oka yat shohkalali.

shohkalali, vy. n., to be clear; apisa yat
shohkalalh.

shohkalalichi, y. t., to clear; to make
bright, ete.

shohkawali, n.,
transparency.

shohkawali, shohkauali, a., clear; lim-
pid; transparent; lucid; pure, 1 Kings
7: 45; glittering, Deut. 32: 41.

shohkawali, shohkauali, y. n., to be
clear or limpid.

pureness; clearness;

BYINGTON]

shohkawalichi, y. t., to make clear,
etc.

shohmakali, a., serene; calm; mild;
pleasant; kucha shohmakali achukma.

shohmakali, y. n., to be serene.

shohmakali, n., sereneness; calmness.

shohmakalichi, y. t., to make serene;
to calm.

shohmalali, n., glare; glory; brightness;
irradiation; luster; a shining; splendor.

shohmalali, shohmilali, a., pp., bright;
glittering; burnished; furbished; efful-
gent; shiny; irradiated.

shohmalali, shohmilali, v. n., to be
bright; hashi at shohmilali; tali hata at
shohmilali.

shohmalali, y. a. i., to shine; to glim-
mer; to dazzle; to glare; to glisten; to
glitter; to reflect; sanishkin an onshoh-
malali.

shohmalalichi, y. t.,
brighten; to irradiate.

shohmalalichi, n., a burnisher.

shohmalashh, a. pl., bright; glistening.

shohmalashli, v. n., to be bright; v. a.i.,
to shine; jichik at shohmalashli.

shohpakali, vy. a. i., to shine (but not
bright, as on a cloudy day); see Matt.
ys 7%

shohwalashli, v. a. i., to be dainty, Rev.
18: 14.

shotkak, n., name of some bird.

shokatti, see shukatti.

shokula, n., sugar, a Chickasaw word,
from sugar in English, I presume.

shokulbi, shukulbi, n., a nook; the
inside corner of a field; the inside part
of a bend; afork; a bend; bok shokulbi.

shola hinla, a., portable.

sholi, v. t., to carry on the back or shoul-
der; to shoulder; to tote; to lift; sho-
wa, to take in the arms, Luke 2: 28;
to hug; to take up, Mark 2: 9; Matt.
16, 24; to bear; to bring forth young,
Luke 1: 13; Matt. 1: 23; tanampo an
sholi; iti a sholi; allosi a” sholit hikikia;
shoyuli, pro. form, to bear, Josh. 3: 13,
14, 15; shoyulit itanowa, ‘‘bearing,’’
Josh. 3:3; shot anta, shot arya, shot ala,
shot ia, shot minti, shot ona.

sholi, n., a carrier; a bearer; a lifter.

sholi, n., parturition.

sholichi, v. t., to cause to carry.

shohi, y. t., to mash.

to burnish; to

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

3338

sholichi, y. t., to grind; to sharpen by
grinding; to strop; to whet; to hone.

sholichi, n., one who sharpens; a whet-
ter.

shonuya, n., a skein.

shonuyachi, v. t., to make a skein.

shotukhi, vy. a. i., to beat, as the pulse.

shua, a., rotten; foul; putrid; having a
disagreeable smell; fulsome; fetid;
loathsome; nasty; rank; ikshwo, uncor-
rupt.

shua, vy. n., to be rotten or foul; ahe at
shuat taha; wishki at shua okpulo; nan
illi at shua.

shua, v. a. i., to smell disagreeably; to
stink; to putrify; to rot; to corrupt.

shua, pp., tainted; made to smell bad;
corrupted; putrified; rotted, as pota-
toes; ikshuo, a., untainted.

shua,n.,stench; rottenness; filth; filthi-
ness; rankness; rot; smell (of whisky).

shuachi, vy. t., to rot; to cause to smell
bad; to give an ill scent; to corrupt;
to putrify.

shuachichi, y. t., to rot.

shuahchi, pp., ground;
strapped; honed; sharpened.

shubbukh, vy. a. i., to smoke up quickly,
as burnt powder; to flash.

shuchapah, shuchopah, y. a. i., to
soften; to give way; to grow easy, as
pain.

shuekachi, v. a. i., to come off; to come
out of the ground, like pea bushes and
bean poles when pulled up.

shueli, shoeli, vy. t. pl., to take them
off; to divest; to doff; na foka inshueli,
to take off his clothes; to denude;
shuitl, nasal form.

shutfa, pp. sing., taken off; stripped;
uncovered; unstopped; ishufa, un-
dressed; unfettered.

shu®fa, y.a.i., to come off; to slip off or
out of; ishunrfi, to disengage.

shu"fi, v. t., to take off, Josh.5: 15; to
loose a shoe; to take out; to strip off;
to slip out; to draw out, Josh. 5: 13;
to uncover; to ungird a belt; to un-
hinge; to unsheath; to unstring; in-
shufi, to unbridle; to unclothe; to un-
couple; to undress; to unfasten; to
unfetter; to unstop.

shufohachi, see shaha, scraped.

whetted ;

334 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

shuikachi, v. a. i., to scale off, as plas-
tering.

shuitkachi, pp. pl., taken off; or taken
out, as a pin.

shutka, v. t., to smoke a pipe; to suck
and draw smoke into the mouth.

shu"ka, n., a smoker.

shukafa, v.a.i., to peel off.

shukafa, pp., peeled off.

shukafa, n., that which is peeled off.

shukali, v.a.i. pl., to peel off; to chip;
to come off, as chips.

shukali, pp., peeled off; chipped; iti
shukati.

shukali, n., peelings; chips.

shukalichi, v. t., to cause to peel off.

shukanump ikbi, v. t., to fable.

shukanumpa anumpa, pp., fabled.

shukaffiy, v. t. sing., to peel; to chip.

shu®kani, n., anant; anemmet; apismire;
ibbak inshunkani, the elbow.

shu®kani inchuka, n., an ant-heap; an
ant-hill.

shu2kani ushi, n., ant eggs.

shukata, n., an opossum.

shukatti, shokatti, n., a frog; a small
frog; a young bullfrog.

shukattushi, n., the spawn of frogs.

shukbah, v. a. i., to be soft, as wet feath-
ers dried.

shukbo, n., a blanket; a rug.

shukcha, n.,asack; a purse, Matt. 10: 9;
a sheath; a scabbard; a bag; a case; a
wallet; a scrip; a satchel; a pocket; a
leather bottle, Matt. 9: 17; imshukcha
shammallichi, to purse; to case.

shukha, n.,a hog; swine, Matt. 7: 6; 8:
30, 31, 32.

shukha aiasha, n., a range or resort for
swine.

shukha aiimpa, n., a hog trough.

shukha anumpa, shukhanumpa, n., a
fable; a tale; aromance; an idle story.

shukha ayupi, n., the place where swine
wallow, whether in mud, sand, or
water.

shukha bila, n., lard; hog’s fat.

shukha chanla, n., a small hog, stunted
and tough.

shukha chushak hishi, n., a bristle;
bristles.

shukha himmita, n., a shote.

shukha hobak, n., a barrow; a male hog
castrated.

[BULL. 46

shukha i"hoa, n., a word used in calling
hogs.

shukha i"hollihta, shuki"hollihta, n.,
a hogpen; a pigpen; a hog yard; a
swine lot; a sty.

shukha imilhpak, n., swill.

shukha inchuka, n., a hogsty; a hog-
house; a pigsty.

shukha iyubi shila, n., gammon.

shukha nakni, n., a boar; the male of
swine not castrated.

shukha nia, n., lard; fat pork.

shukha nia shila, n., bacon.

shukha nipi, n., lean pork; the lean meat
in a hog; pork.

shukha nipi shileli, v. t., to cure pork;
to make bacon.

shukha pasa, n., the side pieces of a hog;
the middling.

shukha pasa shila, n., bacon made of
side pieces.

shukha tek, n., a sow.

shukha tek hobak ikbi, v. t., to spay.

shukha tek hobak toba, pp., spayed.

shukhanumpa, a., fabulous; see shukha
anumpa.

shukhanumpikbi, v. t., to make a fable.

shukhushi, n., a pig; a shoot or shote.

shukhushi isht aiopi, n., a whinock.

shukhushi petechi achafa, n., a far-
row; a litter of pigs.

shukhushicheli, v. t., to pig; to farrow.

shukithollihta, see shukha imhollihta.

shukli, v. t. pl., to score large logs and
cut out large slabs or blocks; shukali,
pass., scored; chipped.

shu"koma, n., a red bug; a chigoe.

shukonlichi, see shakanlichi.

shukshi, n., a watermelon.

shukshi ikfuka, n., the core of a water-
melon.

shukshi nipi, n., the core of a water-
melon.

shukshinipi pehna, n., watermelonseed.

shukshi okpulo, shukshukpulo, n., a
gourd.

shukshua, y. a. i., to whisper, 2 Cor.
12: 20.

shukshubok,

gourd.

shukto, v. a.i., to spread, as ink on poor
paper.

shukulhbi, see shokulbi.

shulaffi, v. t., to scratch.

shukshihobak, n., a

BYINGTON]

shuli, v. t., to scratch, as a cat.

shulla, a., dry; withered; wasted; shrunk;
lean; poor; ibbak shulla, a withered
hand, Matt. 12: 10. ,

shulla, v. n., to be dry and decayed;
iti at shulla; nips at shulla.

shulla, n., dryness; the dry rot.

shullachi, v. t., todry; to cause to decay,
shrink, ete.

shulush, n., a moccasin; a sandal, a shoe,
Matt. 10: 10; Josh. 5: 15.

shulush akalli, n., a cobbler.

shulush atoba, n., a last.

shulush chaha, shulush falaia, n., a
boot.

shulush chaha atoba, n., a boot tree.

shulush hofaloha, n. pl., boots.

shulush ikbi, n., a shoemaker.

shulush imatali, v. t., to shoe; to fur-
nish with shoes.

shulush imalhtaha, pp., furnished with
shoes.

shulush isht akamassa, n.,
buckle.

shulush isht lusachi, n., shoe black-
ing; black ball.

shulush isht talakchi, n., a shoestring;
a shoe latchet, John 1:27; a latchet.

shulush itichapa, n., a pair of shoes.

shulush kamassa, n., an English shoe;
a shoe with a hard sole.

shulush kallo, n., an English shoe; a
shoe.

shulush kallo falaia, n., a boot.

shulush kallo falaia holo, v. t., to boot;
to put on a boot.

shulush kallo falaia holo, pp., booted.

shulush shohala, n., light shoes;
slippers; pumps.

shulush tapuski, n., slippers.

shumanta, v. a. i., to have rheumatic
pains.

shumantabi, n., rheumatism; same as
nahishabi; see nahishi.

shumatti, n., the arrow of a blowgun;
Ashumatti, name of a woman.

shumatti, shumati, n., a thistle, Matt.
Oe lee

shumba, a., defective; rotten; dry, as
a tooth or a hickory nut.

shumba, v. n., to be defective; to be
rotten; noti at shumba; oksak at shumba;
tiak shumba, a dead and decayed pine.

shumba, y. a. i., to rot.

a shoe

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

3080

shumbala, n., a cottonwood tree.

shummi, n., moisture; dampness; hu-
midity.

shummi, a., moist; damp; dank; humid;
muggy.

shummi, y. n., to be moist; to be damp;
to be dank; hatak at shummi; yakni at
shummi; bota yat shummi.

shummi, pp., moistened; dampened.

shummichi, v. t., to moisten; to dampen.

shumo, n., a thistle; thistle down.

shumo api, n., a thistle stalk.

shumo holutti, n., the arrow of a blow-
gun.

shumo laua, a., thistly.

shumo naki, n., an arrow; a bolt.

shumpalali, a., glimmering;
bright.

shumpalali, v. n., to be light or bright;
luak at shumpalali; shutik at shumpalali.

shumpalali, v. a. i., to shine.

shumpalalichi, y. t., to brighten; to
cause to shine.

shunlulo, n., a lark.

shupik, n., the name of a fish called by
some the mudfish.

shu%shi, n., an insect; a bug; a fly; a
worm; vermes; a moth, Matt. 6: 19, 20.

shu4shi aiapa, a., wormeaten.

shu4shi hakchuma, n., atobacco worm.

shushi iskitini, n., a mite.

shu4shi isuba acheli, n., a nitter.

shushi isht abeka a., wormy.

shu4shi kalush apa, n., acabbage worm.

shu®shi laua, a., buggy; wormy.

shu4shi nan tanna apa, n., a moth.

shu4shi oka a"sha, n., a water fly.

shu"shi okchamali, n., a green fly.

shu4shi okchamali isht wulhkuchi,
n., Spanish flies; cantharides.

shu4shi walana, shu"shi olana,n.,a
horse fly; a biting fly.

shuti, n., an earthen pot used over the
fire, and a kind made by the Choctaw;
a tanfula pot, a boiler; a pot; a kettle.

shuti a™sha, n., a kettle.

shuti asha atoba, n., a furnace.

shuti asha o®lipa, n., a pot lid.

shuti boluktabi, n., erysipelas.

shuti chito, n., a caldron. *

shuti fohki, v. t., to pot.

shuti iyasha, n., an iron kettle; a pot.

shuti iyasha akmuchi, n., a casting;
castings.

light;

336

shuti iyasha o"lipa, n., a pot lid.

shuti oka aialhto,n., a water-pot, John
Pa

shuti tana, n., a potter; one who makes
shuli.

shutik, n., thesky; the heavens; heaven,
Matt. 11: 23, 25; 16: 2.

shutik aba, n., the firmament.

shutik hata, n., daybreak; light in the
sky.

shutik iklanna, n., midheaven.

shutik tabokaka, n., heaven; the circle
or the convex of the sky; the heavens.

shutukshonli, v. a. i., to breathe quick
and hard, as in speaking Choctaw loud
and fast; to pant.

shutushi, n., a small earthen pot or ves-
sel; lit., a son of the shuti.

t, sign of the nom. case or the art. the,
placed at the end of nouns and
adjectives. It has a definitive sense, as
in ilappa, ilappat, yamma, yammat; in
verbs, toksalit ia, for work he goes; t
defines or marks out to work as an
object, like to in English.

t, a conjunctive form of the article.
It connects two verbs when both have
the same nom., or where there is but
onenom., as chumpat ia, abit apa, mak-
ing a compound verb. The letter ¢
suffixed to the particles a, ha, ya, ka,
ma, gives them a connecting power,
and toka and oma, a definite sense.

t, placed at the end of particles is a sign
of the nom. case, as kat, ot, at.

t, ‘when suffixed to a verb or adj.
often gives it the force of an adverb,
as achukmat ansha, he sits well; he is
well; achukmat is a word that qualifies
ansha. t has a definite as well as a
connecting office, namely that of sin-
gling out and connecting two nomina-
tives to different verbs. But see
above.

ta, adv. of time, doubt, and surprise, as
ish lat ta? have you been here some
time, and I did not know it (recent past
tense)? The word to which this is suf-
fixed takes a t, as ishla? ishlatta. ~ I
think that ta is definite and to dis-

tinctive. ishlatbatta? def., ishlatto?
dist.
tabakli, y. a. i., to gallop; to canter.
tabakli, n., one who canters; a gallop.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

tabaklichi, v. t., to canter; to gallop; to
cause to canter or gallop.

tabashi, tabashi, y. a. i., to mourn for
the dead; to wear mourning clothes.
When the old Choctaw mourn they
put on old, filthy garments, and do not
wash, shave, comb, or visit or attend
any assembly of people. They also
cry several times daily at the grave or
at the poles set up for the dead, called
mourning poles, 2 Sam. 14: 2.

tabashi, n., a mourning.

tabash, n., a mourning person, or in time
of mourning; a nickname given to a
poor fellow in Apehka, who died some
years since; see tabashi.

tabeli, see isht tabeli.

tabikli, v. a. i., to limp; see chahikli
and hatchi.

tabikli, n., a limper.

tabokaka, n., the top; an eminence;
the summit; the vertex.

tabokoa, v. a. i., to reach the meridian.
The sun, moon, or stars may tabokoa.

tabokoa, n., the meridian; noon; mid-
day; the middle of the arch of heaven;
the highest point.

tabokoa, a., vertical.

tabokoli, tabokonli, vy. a. i., to reach
the meridian; tabokoli mat illitok, when
he reached noon, he died, 2 Kings 4: 20.

tabokoli, tabokuli, n., noon; midday;
midheaven; meridian; noonday; mid-
night; zenith.

tabokoli foha, n., a nooning.

tabokoli foka, n., noontide; about noon.

tabokoli ikono, n., before noon.

tabokoli impa, n., dinner.

tabokoli impa ima, v. t.,
dinner.

tabokoli impa impa, v. t., to dine.

tabokoli ont ia,n., afternoon; pastnoon.

tabokonli, see tabokoli.

tabokuli, see tabokolt.

tachammaha, n., a brass ring for the
wrist, formerly worn by women.

tatchuka, n., sugar cane.

ta®fula, n., Indian hominy; their Apne

tatfula Benachico, n., sour ta”fula.

ta®fula okchi, n., the liquid part of the
Indian hominy.

tah may be a particle formed from the
definite certain a and compounded with
t, suffixed to the previous word.

to give a

BYINGTON]

tah, a particle in the remote past tense;
ishla tah? did you come some time since?

tah, adv., assurance against doubt; minti
tah; okaaillit tahatok, perished in the
waters, Matt. 8: 32.

taha, v. a. i., to end; to be gone; to
finish; to complete, Josh. 3: 17; 4: 23;
5: 1; Matt. 2: 9; ont intaiyaha, he had
finished, Matt. 7: 28.

taha, pp., done; gone; finished; com-
pleted; exhausted; used; passed; intai-
yaha, Matt. 11: 1; v. a. i., alopullit
taiyaha, Josh. 4:1, 11; nitak at antahat
iahashke—Mikhobela’s speech to his
son; taiyaha, pro. form.

taha, a., complete; iktaho, a., undecayed.

taha, ady., completely; entirely; wholly;
perfectly; quite; holhtinat taha, Matt.
10: 30; tahashke, Matt. 14: 15.

taha, n., the expiration; the end; ont
lahama, at the end of, 2 Sam. 24: 8.

tahahe keyu, a., unfailing.

tahat ia, v. a. i., to fail; to wear out.

tahbi, v. a. i., to ululate, as a wolf.

tahchabana, n., asuspender; tahchaban-
kachi, pl.

tahchi, n., the shoulder, Josh. 4: 5.

tahchi okpatha, tahchi foni, n., the
shoulder blade.

tahchonchiya, n., an epaulet.

tahchukah, adv., a word expressing
doubt, with an inquiry; see chukah; tah
implies the recent past tense.

tahpala, v. a. i., to shout; to scream;
to halloo; to call after; to exclaim; to
shriek; to vociferate; to yell; tahpalat
okla mat, they (2) cried out; to ery,
Matt. 12: 19; 14: 26; 15: 22; isht tah-
pala, v. t.; tapahanla, freq.

tahpala, n., a shout; a shouter; an ex-
clamation; an outcry; a shriek; a yell.

tahpali, tahpuli, v. t., to array; to dress,
Luke 16: 19; used only with a pro-
noun, as i/atapuli, to dress himself.

tahpalichi, v. t., to array others; to dress
another.

tahtua, pp., shaken; flirted.

tahtuli, v. t., to shake; to flirt; to shake
off, Matt. 10: 14; shukbo an tahtuli.

tak, atak, (the a is a prefix particle),
ady., usually; commonly; a colloquial
word.

taka, pp., scooped; dipped.

84559°—Bull, 46—15 22

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

337

takafa, pp., dipped up, as water in a cup.

takakanli, v. a. i., to incubate; to set.

takakanli, v.a.i., to circulate, as anwm-
pa hat takakanli; to offer; to be tossed,
Matt. 14: 24.

takalechi, takalichi, y. t., to hang; to
hitch; to lodge, or cause to hang, as
one tree on another; to put forth, Matt.
13: 24; to raise up, Luke 1:69; to lift up,
John 3: 14; to launch out (pit takalechi),
Luke 5: 4; to enter; to lay on, as an ac-
count; to suspend, Josh. 8: 29; to offer,
2 Sam. 24: 12; itatakalechi, to concate-
nate; to link together; to connect; iti
intakalichi, to clog him; to hang a piece
of wood to him.

takali, v. a. i., to hang, Josh. 8: 29; to
stand; to stick; to hitch; to lock; to be,
Josh. 3: 4; Matt. 2: 9; 6: 21; iktakalo
kawa, a double neg., Matt. 18: 7; takant
fahakachi, to tangle.

takali, pp., a., hung; lifted; close; en-
tered; hooked; suspended; itatakali,
ttatakali, pp., hung together; linked
together; linked; concatenated; con-
nected.

takali, n., a hanging; an entry; a lodge;
a pendant.

takanli, a., imminent; pending.

takant, cont. from takanlit.

takant fahakachi,v. a. i., todangle; to
hang and swing.

takastua, a., having corners like a four-
square bottle.

takat taha, pp. pl., dipped out.

takabli, takapli, v. a. i., to stop or sup-
press, like anukbikelt.

takaffi, v. t., to dip up; to dip out.

takaffi, n., one who dips.

takaffit kampila, v. t., to retail; to dip
and sell.

takaffiit kampila, n., a retailer.

takanha, vy. a. i., to teeter; to palpitate
at the pit of the stomach.

takassa, a., flat and thin, as a china-bean
pod; takaskoa, pl.

takassa, vy. n., to be flat and thin; bala
hakshup at takassa; takaskoa, pl.

takassalli, vy. t., to make flat and thin.

takashi, n., the milt; the spleen; i”tak-
ashi, his milt.

takba, a., bitter; astringent; acrid;
acerb; harsh—applied to the eyes,

338

takba, vy. n., to be bitter, astringent, etc. ;
unkof attakba, bashukcha hishi at takba.

takba, n., astringency.

takbachi, a., bitterish; somewhat bitter,
astringent, etc.

takbachi, v. n., to be bitterish.

takbachiz, v. t., to render bitter or astrin-
gent; to embitter.

takchaka, n., the edge; the margin; the
border; the list; shukbo takchaka, yak-
ni takchaka.

takchaka ikbi, v. t., to border; to make
a border; to margin.

takchaka ikbi, n., one who makes a
border.

takchi, v. t., to tie; to bind, Matt. 12: 29;
14:3; 16:19; Josh. 2:21; toenchain; to
chain; to hobble; to confine; to lace;
to lash; to leash; to restrain; to shackle;
iletakchi, to tie himself; to thrum; to
trammel; to truss; to constrain; to en-
chain; to fillet.

takchi, n., one who ties.

takchichi, v.t., to tie; ititakchichi, to tie
together; to bunch; atakchichi, atakchi-
chi, to tie to.

takchit ishi, v. t., to arrest; to take and
bind.

takish intashka chipota, n., a janizary;
a soldier of the Turkish foot guards.

takkon, takon, n., a peach.

takkon ati, n., a clingstone peach.

takkon api, n., a peach tree.

takkon chito, n., an apple.

takkon fakopa, n., a freestone peach.

takkon foni, n., a peach stone.

takkon foni humma, n., a clingstone
peach; a red peach stone.

takkon foni nipi, n., a peach meat.

takkon hakshup, n., a peach rind; a
peach skin.

takkon hoshiko, n., peach fuzz.

takkon kallo, n., a clingstone peach.

takkon masu®fa, takkon misu®fa, n.,
an apple.

takkon masu"fa api, n., an apple tree.

takkon masu®fa honni, n., apple sauce.

takkonlapi, n., a peach tree.

takkonlipun, n., an apple; heard among
the Bay or Sixtowns Indians; lipun
they borrowed from the French la
pomme.

takkonlush api, n., a plum tree.

takkonlushi, n., a plum; a wild plum.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

takkonlitilli, n., peach-tree gum.

takla, a., being between.

takla, v. n., to be between; itintakla, to
be between them; hachititakla, be-
tween you, Josh. 4: 6; itimtakla, Matt.
18: 2; into, Josh. 2: 19; ititakla, among,
Josh. 7: 21; aiitintakla, through; by

» means of, Josh. 8:9; itintakla atia, n.,
a pass.

takla, tatkla, prep. adv., with; among,
1 Kings 11: 20, 21, 22; between; on
this side; amid; amidst; till; until,
Matt. 1: 23[?]; John 4: 40; chitakla
hikialahe, 2 Sam. 18: 14.

takla, n., side; itatakla, this side of, and
between this place and that; bok itatakla,
between this place and the creek.

tatkla, n. f., during; while; along; being
with; until; inthe way, Matt. 5: 25;
9: 10% 182259 14: 225 15: 32.

tatkla, within, Josh. 1: 11.

tatkla a¥sha, to sit with; to be present.

tatkla atya, taklaya, v. a.i., to go along
with; to accompany; to attend.

ta®kla binili, y. a. i., to sit with; to in-
trude.

ta®kla binili, n., an intruder; an in-
trusion.

tatkla binoli, v. a. i. pl., to sit with,
Matt. 9: 10.

tatkla ia, to go with.

tatkla minti, v. a. i., to come with.

taklaya, see ta"kla anya.

taklachi, v. t., to remove this way; to
bring this way; olataklachi, to reduce a
price; ataklachi, n., ‘‘absence,’’ Luke
20: 6[?]; but it is used here as a
verb.

taklechi, v. t., to bring this way; as ola-
taklechi, to reduce the price; to get it
lower.

takli, vy. t. pl., to dip up; to dip out; to
ladle; to scoop; ‘‘to lap;’’? oka taklit
ishko, ofi yosh isunlash isht taki, Jadges
V6 le

takli, n., one who dips; a scooper.

takli, n., a dipper; dippers.

takoba, n., the belly; the abdomen; the
paunch; the large stomach; the bowels;
the maw.

takoba chito, n. and a., pot bellied.

takoba kashofa, pp., evacuated.

takoba kashoffi, v. t., to evacuate.

takoba kucha, pp., emboweled,

BYINGTON]

takoba kucha, y. a. i., to come out, as
the bowels; for the bowels to come out.

takoba kuchi, vy. t., to disembowel.

takofa, y. a. i. sing., to slip off; shakba
at takofa, at the joint.

takofa, pp., slipped off; takofi, v. t.

takoi®sha, tako"wisha, tikoi4sha, n.,a
willow; the common willow.

takoh, v. a. i. pl., tohang; takohnli, n. f.,
Luke 5: 2.

takoli, pp., hung; suspended (with a
locative), Josh. 10: 26; itatakolti, linked
together.

takolichi, y. t., to hang them (witha .

locative), Josh. 10: 26; takoliechi, pro.
form; takotinchi, nas. form; itatakotichi,
to link them together; itatakotichi, to
link.

tako™wisha, see takoinsha.

tako"wisha naksish falaia, n., the
weeping willow.

takshi, n., diffidence.

takshi, a., ashamed; bashful; afraid;
timid; modest; abashed; diffident;
sheepish.

takshi, vy. n., to be ashamed, ete.

takshichi, v. t., to render bashful.

taksho, n., fragments of ta”fula boilers.

Takshochiya, n., name of a place in the
old Nation.

tatktaha, v. a. i., to cackle, as a fowl.

ta™ktaha, n., a cackling; a cackler.

taktaki, a., spotted; having a dirty color.

taktaki, pp., speckled.

taktaki, v. n., to be spotted; to have a
dirty color.

taktakichi, taktakechi, v. t., to spot;
to give a dirty color; to speckle.

tala, n., palmetto; also the name of a
weed,

talaia, a., situated; stagnant.

talaia, v. a. i. sing., to stand; 2 Kings
9: 27; Matt. 12: 25; 2Sam. 24: 5; to be,
to lie, Matt. 8: 26; 11: 23, to remain;
to stagnate, as water; to stand still,
ontalaia, v.t., to ride; to sit on; to set
on, Matt. 5: 14.

talaia, pp., placed; set; ontalaia, founded;
talanya, n. f., standing in, as water or
milk in some vessel.

talaia, n., a situation.

talaia, tallaia, n., that which stands, as
aspot, agrove, one; asituation; a trail;
lusa talaia, a black spot; humma talaia,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

339

ared spot; bihi talaia; tiak talaia; okla
talaia, one people.

talakchi, pp., tied; bound, Matt. 16: 19;
banded; enchained; chained; confined;
constrained; corded; laced; lashed;
( packed; shackled; ibbak at talakchi; iyi
intalakchi; itatalakchi, bound together;
iktalakcho, a., unbound; unconfined.

talakchi, a., stiff; as iyi talakchi; ibbak
talakchi.

talakchi,n., that which is tied; a bundle;
a pack.

talali, v. t. sing., to set; to place; to set
down; to set forth, John 2:10; to put,
Matt. 5: 15; ontalali, to set on; to found;
to locate; to spread; tali paknaka yon
inchuka atalalitokan, which built his
house upon a rock, Matt. 7: 24; shinuk
paknaka yor atalalituk, Matt. 7: 26; hashi
talali, to change as, or to come out as
the moon, i. e., the new moon.

talali, n., one who sets; one who sets on;
a setter.

talhpa, n., soapstone; rotten limestone.

talimushi, n., high palmetto.

taliskachi, a. pl., numb, asleep, as a
limb, hand, or foot.

taliskachi, v. n., to be numb.

taliskachi, n., numbness.

talissa, a. sing., numb; having the feel-
ing of a limb that is asleep; asleep.

talissa, v. n., to be numb; to be asleep;
iyi at talissa, iyi at kapassat illi, are ex-
pressions of one sense.

talissa, n., numbness.

taloa, talowa, talwa, talloa, v. a. i.,
to sing; to praise in song; to carol; to
chant; to hymn; to tune; intaloa, y. t.,
to praise him; to sing to him; isht
taloa, to pitch, as a tune; to sound;
to warble; ilhtalwa, songs, Gen. 31: 27,
iktaloo, a., unsung.

taloa, n., a ballad; a song; aditty; music;
a psalm, a tune; a warble; a note.

taloa, n., a singer; a chanter; a choir; a
minstrel; asongster; a tuner; a warbler.

taloa abachi, n., psalmody.

taloa achukma, n., melody; good sing-
ing.

taloa afalamoa, v. a. i., to trill.

taloa atiha,n.,achoir; a body of singers.

taloa ikbi, v. t., to makea song, a hymn,
or tune; to harmonize.

taloa ikbi, n., a psalmist; a poet.

340

taloa ikhanachi, n., a singing master;
a music master.

taloa imponna, n., a skillful singer; a
musician; a singing master.

taloa isht ia, v. t., to set a tune; to lead
in singing.

taloa itilaui, v. t., to harmonize.

taloa tikba heka, n., a chorister.

taloa wannichi, v. a. i., to quaver.

taloat abachi, v. a.i., to practice singing.

taloat takalichi, v. t., to tune.

taloha, v. a. i. pl., to stand; to lie; to be.

taloha, pp., placed; set, Matt. 14: 15;
situated, Josh. 14: 1; ampo hat taloha.

taloha, vy. n. pl., to be; used to denote
plurality, Luke 2: 37; 4: 31[?].

taloha, n., spots; as lusa taloha, humma
taloha.

talohmatya, y. a. i., to stand around,
John 2: 6.

taloli, v. t. pl., to set; to place; to set
down a vessel, a plate, a cup, a bucket,
etc.

taloli, n., the one who sets, etc.

talot maya, v. a. i., to stand around.

talot maya, n. pl., the bystanders; those
who stand around.

talowa, see taloa.

talutshik, talu"shik,n., gravel; apebble.

taltako, tataka, talakhatta, n., the gray
eagle.

tatalatka, talakla"ka, and talatatka,
either or both at once, 1 Kings 6: 31;
10:19; Josh. 8: 33;°Hx: 12: 7 (last
best.—J. Edwards).

tatapi, a., five; V; 5, Matt. 14: 17, 21;
16: 9; tatampi, being five; all five; ta-
tampit ia.

talapiha, adv., five times.

tatepa, n., a hundred; 100; C; talepa tu-
china, John 12: 5.

talepa achafa, n., one hundred; five
score; 100; C; Matt. 13: 8; 18: 12.

tatepa sipokni, n.,a thousand; 1,000: M;
mille; Matt. 14: 21; 15: 38; 16: 9, 10;
Josh. 8: 3.

talepa sipokni achafa, n., one thousand.

talepa sipokni pokoli, n., ten thousand;
a myriad.

talepa sipokni talepa sipokni, talepa
sipokni bat talepa sipokni, n., a
thousand thousand; a million.

talepa sipokni tuklo, n., two thousand,
Josh, 3: 4,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

| BULL. 46

talepaha, ady., a hundred times.
tali (cont., taht), v.t., to finish (see taha);

to consummate; toend; vy. t., to com-
plete; to exhaust; to make an end of;
tkbit tati; ishkot tati, to drink and finish,
or to drink ale; used as ‘‘had’’ in ita-
hobit tati, had called, Matt. 10: 1; taiyati,
pro. form; to finish, Matt. 13: 53; 17:
1i; Josh. 2: 10; taht kanchi, to com-
plete the sale or to sell off; to spend,
Deut. 32: 23; ilatati, 2Sam. 15: 1; Josh.
4: 23; 5: 1; iktalo, a., unexhausted; un-
spent; abittati, to kill all, Josh. 8: 21.

tali, n., a finisher.

talota, n., a sore; talona ikhinsh, vaccine
maiter; chilakwa ikhinsh, vaccine matter
(a better name).

tatofa, v. a. i., to get out of joint.

tatofa, pp., dislocated; luxated; put
out of joint; disjointed.

tatofa, n., a dislocation; a luxation.

talofa naha, n., a strain.

tatofa naha, pp., sprained; strained.

tatoffi, a., a luxation.

tatoffi, v. t., to dislocate; to luxate; to
disjoint.

taloffi naha, v. t., to sprain.

taloha, pp. pl., dislocated; luxated.

taloh, v. t. pl., to dislocate; to luxate.

talutwa, n., ivy; such as grows up and
cleaves to oak trees on the side.—Alex-
ander Traver [or Faver. |

tamaffi, see tomafji.

tamampa, v. 1., to sound.

tamoli, tamoli, vy. t., to scatter; oka
tamoli, Ex. 10: 19.

tampki, a., dark; oktili mat tampki fehna.

tanakbi, n., a crook; a hook; a bend; a
curve.

tanakbi, a., hooked; crooked; bent; bow
bent; curving; tanantobih, pl.

tanakbi, v. n., to be hooked, crooked,
bow bent, ete.

tanakbi, pp., bended; incurvated.

tanakbichi, v. t., to bend, asa bow; to
crook; to hook; to make hooked; to in-
curvate.

tanamp abeli, v. t., to charge a gun; to
load a gun.

tanamp aiulhpi, tanampo aiulhpi, n.,
a gun stock.

tanamp chito, tanampo chito, n., a
cannon; a big gun; a howitzer; a piece
of ordnance or artillery; a field piece.

en

BYINGTON]

tanamp chito aiisht hu"sa achafa, n.,
a gunshot.

tanamp chito i"naki, n., a cannon ball;
a cannon shot.

tanamp chito i"naki pit akanchi
alhpesa, n., a cannon shot; the range
or distance which a cannon will throw
a ball.

tanamp chito isht atta,n.,a cannoneer.

tanamp fabassa, tanampo fabassa, n.,
a carbine; a musket; a smooth bore
gun; a fowling piece.

tanamp fabassa iskitini, n., a fusee.

tanamp hochito, n. pl., cannon; big
guns; ordnance; artillery.

tanamp hochito ontukalichi, v. t., to
cannonade.

tanamp hoshintika, n., the guard on a
gun.

tanamp ikbi, n., a gunsmith.

tanamp imatahshi, tanamp imatak-
ashshi n., the breech of a gun; see
tanamp sokbish.

tanamp isht kashokachi, tanampo
isht kashokachi, n., a gun stick; a
gun wiper; a rammer.

tanamp isht kasholichi, n., a gun stick;
a gun wiper.

tanamp lapali, n., a gun lock.

tanamp nihi, n., a gun barrel; the cali-
ber; the bore of a gun.

tanamp nihi chito, n., a large gun bar-
rel; a blunderbuss.

tanamp patali, n.,a rifle.

tanamp patali sholi, n., a rifleman.

tanamp puskus, n., a pistol.

tanamp puskus i"shukcha,n., aholster.

tanamp sokbish, tanamp imatakash-
shi, n., the breech or butt end of a
gun.

tanamp sokbish isht ashana, n., the
screw of a gun at the breech.

tanamp shibata, n., a bow to shoot with.

tanamp shibata isht talakchi, n., a
bowstring.

tanamp ushi, n., a pistol.

tanampi, a., hostile; in a state of war;
imokla achafa itintanampi, n., an insur-
rection.

tanampi, v.i., to fight, Josh. 4:13; 10:5;
tanampit ia, Josh. 8: 3.

tanampi, vy. n., to be hostile; to be at
war; itintanampi, to be at war with each
other; to war; intaunahampi, 1 Sam. 15:

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

341

18) Jose Jui:
tility.

tanampo, n., a gun; a musket; firearms;
a firelock.

tanampo ahalalli, n., the trigger of a
gun.

tanampo aiulhpi, see tanamp aiulhpi.

tanampo anumpisa, tanampo aia-
numpisa, n., the sight of a gun.

tanampo anumpisachi, vy. t., to take
aim; to take sight.

tanampo albiha achafa, n., a charge;
one load; a cartridge.

tanampo chito, see tanamp chito.

tanampo fabassa, see tanamp fabassa.

tanampo haksun chiluk, n., the touch-
hole of a gun.

tanampo isht kashokachi, see tanuwmp
isht kashokachi.

tanampo ittopa, n., the muzzle ofa gun;
the caliber; the hole; ittopa is the outer
hole of a gun barrel or bottle, or an
auger hole; also the entrance of such a
hole.

tanantobi, a. pl., crooked; bent.

tanantobi, v. n., to be crooked.

tanantobi, n. pl., crooks.

tanantobichi, v. t., to make crooked; to
crook; to hook; to bend.

tanapa, pp. sing., put over; passed over;
crossed over; wak at bok an tanapa.

tanapoa, pp., pl., put over; passed over;
wak at hollihta yan tanapoa.

tanapolechi, v. t. pl.,to drive them over;
to put over; to cause to go over; to carry
over; to ferry over; to get them over;
alhpoyak an tanapolechit tati.

23; itintanampi, n., hos-

tanapoli, auanapoli, y.a.i. pl., to pass
over; to cross over; to leap over; okhi-
na yan tanapoli; oklat okhata chito tana-
poli.

tanabli, auanabli, abanabli, v.a.i.sing.,
to pass over, Matt. 9:1; to go over; to
leap over; to get over; to cross over,
whether a stream, a creek, a tree, a
log, a bridge, a fence, etc., Josh. 2: 23;
321, Gla ae 12s 1S:

tanabli, n., one who crosses over.

tanablichi, y. t., to drive over; to
cause another to leap over; to take
over; to ferry across, etc.;to bring over,
Josh. 7: 7.

tanaffo, vy. t., to plait; to braid; to plat;
atanaffochi, to weave a basket with

342 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

strands of different colors; like apan-
achi and ahokchichi.

tanaffo, tanaffo, n., a plaiter; a braider.

tanallachi, tannallachi, v. t., to bend;
to make it crooked.

tanallali, v. t., to bend.

tanalloha, pp. pl., crooked; bent.

tanalloli, v. t. pl., to bend; to crook.

tanch afotoha, n., a corn mill.

tanch ampi, n., an ear of corn; an ear.

tanch api, n., a cob; a corncob.

tanchi, n., corn; maize; Indian corn, but
not English grain or corn.

tanchi aholokchi, n., corn ground; a
place where corn is planted.

tanchi ahoyo, n., a place where corn has
been gathered.

tanchi apata, tanchi apatali, n., a corn
sucker.

tanchi habali, n., a corn tassel just put
out.

tanchi hakshup, n., a corn husk; acorn
shuck.

tanchi hishi, ta™"sh hishi, n., corn
leaves; corn fodder; a corn blade.

tanchi hishi sita, ta"sh hishisita, n., a
bundle of corn fodder.

tanchi hoyo, v. t., to harvest corn; tan-
chi at hoyot taha, pp., harvested.

tanchi i"pashi, n., corn silk.

tanchi isht alhpisa, n., a corn measure;
a half bushel, Matt. 5: 15.

tanchi isht pashpoa,
bashpoa, n., broom corn.

tanchi limimpa, n., flint corn; smooth
and hard corn.

tanchi paska, n., corn bread.

tanchi paska atoba, n., bread corn.

tanchi pushi, n., corn meal, Matt. 13: 33.

tanchi shikoa, ta"sh shikoa, n., sweet
corn.

tani, v. a. i., to rise from a lying pos-
ture; to arise, Matt. 2: 18, 14; to rise
up; to get up; to rise from the graye;
hatak illi moma kat tanahioke; micha
tanitmat, and when he arose; illituk at
tani, Matt. 11: 5; 17: 7; tant cha nowa,
arise and walk, Matt. 9:5; tanit, arise
and; tani cha inchuka iatok, Matt. 9: 6, 7,
Ao 833 15 Gs es 7 10)

tani, n., a riser; a stirrer.

tani, n., a rising.

tanchi isht

[BULL. 46

tanichi, vy. t., to raise; to cause to rise;
to raise to life or from the grave,
Matt. 10: 8.

tanip (Eng.), n., a turnip.

tanlakchi, n., a pimple; a pustule; a
tubercle, such as appears in the throat
when sore, connected with bronchitis;
a pimple on the face.

tanlubo, tanlubona. n., hominy.

tannaffo,tannaffo, pp., plaited; braided.

tannaffo, n., a plat.

tannalla, pp., crooked; bent.

tannallachi, see tanallachi.

tapafakchi, n., prairie
ibafakchi and hatabafakchi.

tapaski, v. n., to be thin.

tapaskichi, v. t., to make thin; to thin.

tapena, n., a war club.

ta®pi, a., very; a Sixtowns word, like
tokba.

tapuski, tapaski, n., fineness.

tapuski, tapaski, a., thin, as cloth,
paper, a board, glass, or the blade of a
knife; fine; sleazy; subtle.

tapushi®k, n., a flat basket.

tasa, n., heavy lightning; the report of
thunder.

tasaha, vy. a. i. sing., to whoop; to
shout; to scream; to halloo.

tasaha, n. pl., shouters; screamers.

tasaha, n. pl., a shouting; a whooping;
a screaming; a yelling.

tasali, tasali, v. a. i. pl., to whoop; to
scream; to yell; to shout; nanta hosh
tasali, Acts 7:57; wmtasali vy. t., to whoop
for him.

tasali, n., a shouter.

tasalli, v. a. i., to be dull or blunt, as the
point of a plow; to run down, as rain
from a rubber coat.

tasalli, v. t., to stir the surface of the
ground; to plow shallow.

tasannuk, n., a flint.

tasembo, pp., crazed; distracted; in-
fatuated; shattered.

tasembo, tasemmo,a., delirious; crazy;
wild; besotted; ungovernable; fanatic;
frantic; furious; giddy; insane; rabid;
lunatic, Matt. 4: 24.

tasembo, tasemo, v. n., to be delirious.

tasembo, v. a. 1., to faint; to rave.

tasembo, tasemo,n., craziness; aliena-
tion of mind; delirium; frenzy; a fury;

hawk; see

BYINGTON]

infatuation; insanity; lunacy; madness;
mania; rabidness; a reverie; a trance.

tasembochi, tasemochi, v. t., to craze;
to make another delirious; to distract;
to infatuate; to render insane; toshat-
ter; to stultify; to turn.

tasemmo, tasemo, see tasembo.

tasim holba, a., foolish.

tasimbo, n., a rake; a somnambulist.

tasuha, y. t., to snap with the thumb
and finger.

tasup, n., a snap.

tasupachi, vy. a. 1., to snap; to sound,
as when a person thus snaps.

ta"sh afotoha, n., a corn mill.

tatsh akka pushli, n., corn suckers.

ta™sh apatulli, n., corn suckers.

ta™sh api, n., a cornstalk; a cob.

ta4sh apiisht peli, n., a harrow.

ta%sh bokanli, n., pop corn.

tatsh chilluka, n., shelled corn.

ta4sh fotoha, n., ground corn; corn
meal.

ta%sh fotohli, n., a miller.

ta"sh haktupish, n., corn chaff.

ta"sh haksi, n., white corn; flour corn.

tatsh hilotha, n., a roasting ear.

ta®sh hinak, n., a corn tassel.

tatsh hishi, n., corn fodder; see tanchi
hishi, and tanchi hishi sita.

ta4sh hoshunluk, tash hishunluk, corn
bran.

ta™sh hoyo, n., corn harvest.

tatshisht alhpisa, n., a corn measure;
a bushel of corn.

tatsh kallo, n., flint corn.

tatsh lakchi, n., corn grits; pimples on
the face.

tatsh lufa, n., shucked corn.

ta®sh nihi, n., a kernel of corn; a grain
of corn.

tatsh pa®shi, n., corn silk.

ta™sh pa™shi holusi, n., corn silk when
dry and brown.

ta"sh pushi, n., beatencorn meal; flour.

ta4sh shikowa, n., corn tied up by the
husks to dry; ef. tanchi shikoa.

tatsh shila, n., dry corn; ripe corn.

ta™sh ushi, n., Canada corn; small corn;
lit., baby corn.

ta"sh waya, n., ripe corn.

ta"sh yammaska,n., corn dough; dough.

tashaiyi, n., an island or isle; that
which is surrounded by something, as

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

343

land by water, as the wood of a handle
in the eye of an ax, by the iron of the
ax.

tashaya, a., slanting; applied to cut-
ting off a tree when not cut square off.

tashke, particle of assertion of some-
thing in remote past tense.

tashukpa, n., spunk; tinder; touchwood.

tashukpa holba, n., a sponge.

tabashi, see tabashi.

tabbana, a., bent.

tabbana, v. n., to be bent; uskitwmpa

yat tabbana, the blowgun is bent.

tabbanachi, v. t., to bend; isht abbanachi-
tuk, you bent it.

tabbannohah, pl. of tabbonah.

tabi, n., a cane; a staff; a crutch; a
walking stick or staff.

tabi, tambi, n., the termination of the
names of many men.

tabi isht bakaha, vy. t., to cane.

tabi isht isso, vy. t., to cane.

tabikli, v. a. i., to limp.

tabikli, n., a limper.

tabli, tapli, v. t. sing.; amo and taptuli,
pl.; to sever, Matt. 5: 30; to separate;
to cut off, Matt. 14: 10; 1 Sam. 2: 31;
Josh. 7: 9; to cut in two; to snap; to
snip; to sunder; to top; to break in
two; to clip; himonna tabli, to sever
once; to disjoint; tabli hosh isht anta,
clippmg, employed in severing, etc.;
to dissever; to dock; hasimbish tabli.

tabli, n., a breaker.

tablichi, taplichi, v. t., to cause to sever;
to pluck, Luke 6: 1.

tala, v. a.i., to stand; to set; to fix; ontala,
y. t., to ride; to sit on.

tala, pp., placed; set; ampo at tala, the
bowl is set or placed.

tala achafa, n., one set; a set.

talaboa, n., an anvil.

talaboli, n., a blacksmith’s shop; a forge.

talakabli, n., a stirrup.

talahabli isht talakchi, n., a stirrup
strap or stirrup leather.

talashuahchi, tali ashuahchi, n., a
grindstone.

talatakali, n., an iron hook; an iron
hinge.

talalhpi, n., an iron spoon.

talbatsa, n., petrifaction.

talbal, n., a double-wove basket made
of the bark of cane.

344 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

talbasa, n., tae name of a fish.

talhkachi, pl. of tashaiyi, an island;
yakni tashayi, pl. yaknitalhkachi (yakni,
land).

talhko, n., dressed deerskin; buckskin;
leather.

talhko ikbi, v. t., to make talhko.

talhko ikbi, n., a talhko maker; a leather
dresser.

talhkochi, v. t., to dress skins; to dress
a deerskin.

talhpakha, n., a prickly pear.

tali,n.,astone; arock; iron; metalof all
kinds; a mineral; lapis, Matt. 7: 24;
16: 18; dali yor, a stone, Matt. 7: 9;
Josh. 4: 3.

tali abila, n., a furnace; an iron fur-
nace; tali abila luak chinto hon, a fur-
nace of fire, Matt. 13: 42.

tali afohoma, n., a ferrule.

tali aholhponi, n., a cooking stove.

tali aholissochi, n., a slate.

tali aiasha, n., a mine.

tali akula, n., a quarry.

tali ashuahchi, talashuahchi, n., a
grindstone.

tali bacha, n., a reef; astone ridge.

tali bashli, n., a stonecutter.

tali bita, n., a headpiece; a helmet.

tali boli, n., a blacksmith.

tali chanakbi, tali chinakbi, n., a hook;
an iron hook.

tali chanakbi isht halalli, v. t., to hook. .

tali chanli, n., a stonecutter.

tali chanaha, n., an iron ring.

tali chiluk, n., a cave in a rock; a cay-
ern in arock; ahole ina rock; a chasm,
Josh. 10: 16; see hichukbi.

tali chiluk chito, n., a grot; a grotto.

tali chinakbi, tali chanakbi, n., an iron
hook; a staple.

tali chishaiyi, n., a claw hammer.

tali chito, n., a rock; a large stone.

tali chito foka, n., rockiness; a rocky
region.

tali chito isht talali, n., an anchor.

tali chosopa, n., an iron chain.

tali chufak, n., a pitchfork.

tali falakto, n., an iron fork.

tali fehna, n., cash; silver; coin; precious
metals; the very metal.

tali fobassa, tali fabassa, n., an iron
pin; an iron bolt; any slender round
piece of iron; wire.

[BuLL. 46

tali fobassa honula, n., an iron spindle
belonging to a spinning wheel.

tali fobassa ikbi, v. t., to wiredraw.

tali fobassa isht akamassa, pp., bolt-
ed; fastened with a bolt.

tali fobassa isht akamassalli, v. t., to
bolt; to fasten with a bolt.

tali fobassa isht attapachi, n., a rag
bolt.

tali fobassa isht takchi, v. t., to wire.

tali fohoma, n., an iron band; an iron
hoop.

tali foka, a., stony; rough; n., a stony
region.

tali haksi, n., an iron button; a metal
button.

tali haksi akamassa, n., a button hole.

tali haksi chiluk, n., a button hole.

tali haksi chufak, n., brass tacks.

tali haksi ikbi, n., a button maker.

tali haksi mitiffi, y. t., to unbutton.

tali haksi nishkin, n., a button eye.

tali halasbi, n., marble.

tali halupa ontala tabi, n., a spear,
Josh. 8: 18.

tali hata, n., silver; white metal, Matt.
10: 9.

tali hata akkoli, v. t., to silver; to plate
with silver.

tali hata alhkoha, pp., silvered; silver
plated.

tali hata bita, n., a silver hatband.

tali hata chinakbi, n., a silver gorget in
the shape of a half moon.

tali hata ikbi, n., a silversmith.

tali hata isht akamassa, n., a silver
button.

tali hata isht akmi, n., borax, used in
soldering silver.

tali hata isht impa, n., a silver spoon.

tali hatikbi, n., a silversmith.

tali hochito, n. pl., large stones; rocks.

tali hochito foka, n., a rocky region.

tali hochito kaha, n., a ledge of rocks.

tali holihta, n., a stone wall; a wall.

tali holihta ikbi, v. t., to wall.

tali holihta ikbi, n., a waller.

tali holihta isht apakfobli, v. t., to
surround with a wall; to wall in.

tali holihta isht apakfopa, pp., walled.

tali holisso, n., coin; cash; money; sil-
ver money; adollar, Matt. 17: 24, 25, 27;
coinage; a bit; ‘“‘iron writing’’ or
‘‘metal writing’’; specie; funds; re-

—

BYINGTON]

source; silver; stock in
bank.

tali holisso, pp., coined.

’ tali holisso aboli, n.,atreasury; a bank,
Luke 19: 23.

tali holisso ahnichi, a., covetous.

tali holisso aiakmo, n., a mint.

tali holisso aiakmo intala, tali ho-
lisso aiakmo apistikeli, n., a mint
master.

tali holisso aialhto, n., a coffer; a
money purse, box, drawer, ete.

tali holisso aialhtofoki, v. t., to coffer.

tali holisso aiitahoba, n., receipt of
custom, Matt. 9: 9.

tali holisso aiitannali, n., a custom
house; the receipt of custom.

tali holisso alitola, n., a treasury.

tali holisso alhtoba, n., a disbursement
in money.

tali holisso ikbi, y. t., to make money;
to coin money.

tali holisso ikbi, n., one who makes
money; a coiner.

tali holisso imma, a., pecuniary; relat-
ing to money.

tali holisso inlaua, a., moneyed.

tali holisso ishi, n., a treasurer.

tali holisso isht chumpa, n., purchase
money. :

tali holisso isht ilawata, n., purse
pride.

tali holisso isht ilefehnachi, n., a.,
purse-pride and purse-proud.

tali holisso ishukcha, n., a money
purse.

tali holisso i"shukcha foki, v. t., to
purse; to put into a money purse.

tali holisso itatoba, n., a money
changer, John 2:15; a broker; a banker.

tali holisso itannali, vy. t., to tax, Luke
vee Ne

tali holisso itannali, n., a tax gatherer.

tali holisso lakna,n., gold coin; gold;
copper, Matt. 2:11; 10: 9.

tali holisso lakna, a., gold; golden.

tali holisso lakna pilesa, n., a gold-
smith.

tali holisso lakna tali holisso pokoli
aiilli, n., an eagle; a gold coin of the
value of ten dollars.

tali holisso tapuski, n., a bank bill;
paper money.

tali holisso weki, n., a talent.

resources;

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

345

tali holitompa, n., a pearl, Matt. 13: 45.

tali holiya, tali holuya, n., alum; borax.

tali hollo, tali hullo, n., a medal; a
faced metal.

tali humma, n., a ruby.

tali ikbi, v. t., to petrify.

tali inla fehna, n., the magnetic needle.

tali inunchi, n., a medal.

tali isuba kapali, n., bridle bits.

tali isht afacha, n., a hasp.

tali isht afinni, n., a crowbar.

taliisht akamassa, n., a metal button.

taliisht atta, n., a smith.

tali isht attapachi, n., a button; a hasp.

tali isht boa, n., an iron hammer; a
hammer.

tali isht boa, pp., stoned.

tali isht boa chito, n., a sledge.

tali isht boli, v. t., to stone, Josh. 7: 25.

tali isht bot abi, v. t., to stone.

tali isht fotoha, n., a drill.

tali isht halalli, n., a clevy or clevis.

tali isht hokofa, n., a cold chisel.

tali isht holihtachi, vy. t., to stone; to
fence with stone; to wall.

tali isht holisso, n., a printed book.

tali isht holissochi, n., a pencil; asilver
pen.

taliisht kiseli, n., tongs; pincers; nip-
pers.

tali isht lumpa, n., a punch.

tali isht mi®ko, n., a medal for a chief.

tali isht patalhpo, pp., paved; spread
with iron or stone.

tali isht pata, n., an iron wedge.

tali isht talakchi, n., an iron button.

tali isht tana, n., a knitting needle.

tali isht tapa, n., a cold chisel; a chisel
for cutting iron.

tali isht weki, n., a poise; a weight used
with scales.

tali itachaka,
welded iron.

tali itichanaha apakfoa, n., a cart tire;
a wagon tire; a tire for wheels.

tali ititakalli, n., an iron chain.

tali iyalhki, n., slag; dross.

taliiyi isht albi, n., fetters, Luke 8: 29.

tali kallo, n., steel; hard iron.

tali kallo atoba, a., steel; made of steel.

tali kallo achaka, pp., steeled.

tali kallo achukalili, v. t., to steel.

tali kassa, n., thimbles worn as orna-
ments, so called from their tinkling.

tali itachakalli, n.,

346 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

tali kolofa, n., a stump of iron; a plug
or remnant of iron.

tali kucha achafa, n., a broach of yarn.

tali lakna,n., brass; copper, Matt. 10: 9.

tali lakna ikbi, n., a coppersmith.

talilakna isht alhkoha, pp., gilded or
plated with brass.

talilakna isht alhkohachiz, v. t., to gild;
to plate with brass.

tali lapali, pp., shod.

tali lapalichi, v. t., to shoe, as a horse.

tali laua, a., stony.

tali luak, n., a steel used in striking fire
from a flint.

tali luak tikeli, n., an andiron.

tali lumbo, n., a marble.

tali lusa, n., a mole; a spot or mark,
etc., on the human body.

tali patali, v. t., to pave.

tali patapo, tali patalhpo, n., a pave-
ment.

tali patassa, n.,a flatiron; a sad iron.

tali pata, n., a pavement.

tali pilefa, n., a rivet.

tali pilesa, n., a smith.

tali potoma, n., a steel spring which is
doubled up.

tali potoma ushi, n., a small steel
spring.

tali shana, n., an iron screw; twisted
iron; a worm; the worm of a screw.

tali shana shu4fi, v. t., to unscrew.

tali shiloha, tali shilowa, n., small,
round bells used as ornaments on shoes,
etc., or garters.

tali shiloha chito, n., a sleigh bell.

tali shilu"hachi, n., small, round bells.

tali shochukshoa, n., stone formed
from sand; sandstone.

tali shuti, n., a stone pot, John 2: 6.

tali tanakbi, n., an iron hook.

tali tanch afotoha, tali tanchi botoli,
n., a mill stone.

tali tapaski, n., sheet iron; thin iron.

tali toba, v. a. i., to petrify; to become
stone.

tali toba, pp., petrified.

tali toba, n.,a petrifaction.

tali ulhtikeli, n.,an andiron.

tali uski, n., a poise; a weight.

tali2 yalhki, n., slag; the dross of metals.

taliko, see tiliko.

talissa, n., numbness.

talissa, a., numb.

[BULL. 46

talissa, tamissa, y. n., to be numb.

talissachi, tamissachi, vy. t., tonumb; to
render numb; to stun; ibbak tamissachi.

talkanchi; itontalkanchi, to lie on, Matt.
24: 2; Luke 21: 6.

talli, v. n., to be scattered about, like
grains of corn on an ear which is not
full.

talli, a., scattered about, but standing.

talloa, see taloa.

talua, taloa (q. v.), v.t., v.a.i., tosing.

talukchi, n.,a precious metal.

talukchi onchiya, taluk onchiya, n.,
an epaulet.

talukchi tahchonchiya, n., an epaulet,
the name in full.

talula, n., a bell (a word in use among
the Sixtowns people).

taluli, v. t., fixed; located.

taluskula, n.,a jewsharp.

talushik, talu"shik, talu™shik, n.,
gravel; pebbles.

talushik patali, v. t., to gravel.

talushik patalhpo, pp., graveled.

talwa, pp., sung; hymned; see taloa.

tata, pp., whittled; pointed; hewed; iti
tita, hewed timber; tatali, hewn, as
stone, Ex. 20: 25; isht tatachi, a tool for
hewing stone, Ex. 20: 265.

tatathata, n., name of a bird.

talaka, see talako.

tah, v. t., to hew; to whittle; to point.

tali, n., a hewer.

talichi, v. t., to sharpen.

tamaha, n., a town; a village; a bor-
ough; a city; Matt. 8: 33, 34; 9: 1;
11: 1, 20; ilap intamaha, his own city,
Matt. 9: 1; tamaha hash osh momat, the
whole town, Matt. 8: 34.

tamaha chito, n.,a great town;-a city;
a capital.

tamaha hatak, n., a townsman.

tamaha holihta, n.,a city, 1 Sam. 1: 3;
2Sam. 24:5, 7; Josh. 6: 3, 11; 8:1, 12, 19.

tamaha wehpoa, pp., sacked.

tamaha wehpulli, v. t., to sack a town.

tamahichi, vy. t., to benumb with cold.

tamahushi, n., a small town or village;
a hamlet; a villa, Matt. 14: 15.

tamanchi, v.a.i., to buffet.

tamissa, talissa, v.a.i., to be numb.

tamissachi, talissachi, v. t., to benumb;
to produce this sensation by a slight
blow.

BYINGTON]

tammaha, v. t. pl., to strike with the
part of the hand next the wrist.

tammalichi, y. t. sing., to strike once
with the heel or the hand.

tammoli, pl. tr., to blind the eyes,
1 John 2: 11.

tamoa, v. a. i. pl., to wander; to go astray,
Matt. 18: 13; to perish, as the eyes; to
stray.

tamoa, pp., wandered; lost; gone astray,
like sheep, Matt. 10: 6; 15: 24.

tamoli, see tamoli.

tana, v. t., to knit; to weave; to plait;
to thrum; to wattle; atanachi, to weave
with, i. e., to weave together, Judges
16: 13; where the locks of Samson’s
hair were to be woven with a web; see
ahokchichi, Matt. 13:25, where tares are
sown with wheat.

tana, n., a knitter; a weaver.

tanaffo, tanaffo (q. v.), v. t., to plait.

tanap, n., an enemy, Matt. 5: 43, 44; a
foe, Matt. 10: 36; 13: 25; Josh. 7: 8; an
antagonist; an opponent; an army; in-
tanap imilayak, booty; a fiend; intanap
ala, to come over to the enemy; war;
warfare; a warrior; a war, 1 Kings 22:
ie Chrons 22278:

tanap ahalaia, a., martial.

tanap anumpuli, n., a secretary of war.

tanap anumpuli aiasha, n., a war of-
fice.

tanap atya, v.a.i., to go on a campaign,
Josh. 5: 4.

tanap atya, n., a campaign; men of
war, Josh. 5: 4; 8: 1.

tanap a®ya tikambi, a., war-beaten;
warworn.

tanap holba, a., warlike.

tanap holihta, n., a barricade; a pali-
sado.

tanap isht ashwanchi, v. t., to war.

tanap toba, v. a. i., to become an en-
emy; itintanap toba, to become ene-
mies to each other.

tanna, pp., wove; woven; knit; plaited;
knitted; wattled; linen tanna, 1 Sam.
2518:

tanna, n., that which is wove, knit, etc. ;
texture; a web; a weft.

tannaffo, tannaffo, pp., plaited.

tannap, n., the opposite side; one side;
mishtannap, the other side, Josh. 2:
10; misha intannap, the other side of it,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

347

Matt. 8: 18, 28; intannap, the other,
Matt. 5: 39; sachunkash intannap at
yukpa, sachutkash intannap at nukharklo;
intannap akinli hon chohmitok, like, as
the other.

tapa, v. a. i., to sever; to come apart.

tapa, pp., severed; parted; broken in
two; clipped; disjointed; dissevered;
separated; topped; noshkobo tapa, be-
headed; tabli, v. t.

tapa, n., a break; a separation.

tapahe keyu, a., irresistible.

tapak, n., a basket.

tapintapi, n., a break; name of a weed
that grows in wet places.

tapishuk, tapishik, for tappakushi,
a smaller basket than the tapak.

tapli, see tabli.

taplichi, see tablichi.

taptua, v. a. i. pl., to come apart; to
separate; to sever.

taptua, pp., parted; severed; separated;
cropped.

taptua, n., a separation.

taptuli, v. t. pl., to sever; to separate;
to crop; to nip off, Josh. 5: 2, 3, 4.

tashiha, v. a. i., to have corners, or
sharp edges, or ridges, as a rail, a hand
iron, ete.

tashioha, pl. of above.

tashka, n., a warrior; a subject; a polit-
ical dependent or adherent, male or
female; a constituent; a yeoman.

tashka altiha, n., the yeomanry.

tashka chipota, n., a soldier; a regular;
an army; a host; infantry; the mili-
tary; militia; a private; hosts, 2 Sam.
24: 2, 4; soldiery; a train band; a
troop; tashka chipota alteha, soldiers,
Matt. 8: 9.

tashka chipota aheli, n , a post; a mili-
tary post.

tashka chipota aiasha, n., a canton-
ment; a barrack; a garrison.

tashka chipota aiasha ashachi, v. t.,
to garrison.

tashka chipota holhtina, n., a regi-
ment.

tashka chipota inchuka, n., a canton-
ment; a barrack; soldiers’ quarters.

tashka chipota isht shema, n., regi-
mentals; military ornaments; uni-
form.

348

tashka chipota itannaha, n., pp.,
paraded.
tashka chipota itannali, vy. t., to

muster; to parade.

tashka chipota mika, n., a fellow-sol-
dier.

tashka chipota peni a"sha, n., a ma-
rine; marines.

tashka chipota talepa hanali, n., a
cohort.

tashka chipota ushta, n., a quaternion;
four soldiers.

tashka chuka, tashka chukka, n., a
bone-house; an ossuary; a charnel
house, used in ancient times to lay
away boxes containing the bones of the
dead.

tashka patya, v. a. i., to whoop at the
grave when the poles are pulled to
drive away ghosts, etc.

tashka pa®ya, n., the death whoop.

tashka sepokni, n., a veteran soldier; a
veteran.

tashki, v. a. i., to lie down; to recline,
IL Sihangee ah Gy, We delsla 28 teh

tashki, a., recumbent.

tashkichi, v. t., to lay down; to cause
to lie down.

te, a nearly obsolete conj., used by old-
fashioned speakers, the same as t; ai-
ahnite, instead of aiahnit, ete.

tebli, tepli, tibli (q. v.),v. t., to touch,
Matt. 17: 7; tepoa, pl.

teha, tiha, pp., plucked up; pulled up;
tanchi at tiha, parshi at tiha, onush at tiha;
tihat taha, extirpated; rooted up, Matt.
15: 18.

teha, vy. a.i., to come up by the roots.

tek, n., a female.

tek, a., female; she, as a she-bear (nita
tek).

tekchi, n., a wife; a consort; a woman
who is united to a man in the lawful
bonds of matrimony, Matt. 5: 31; 8: 14;
14: 3.

tekchi, y. a. i., to be a wife; mihma ita-
tuklot tekchit oklatok, 1 Sam. 25: 48;
Gen. 34: 8.

tekchi iksho, n., a bachelor; a single
man.

tekchi illi, n., a widower.

tekchi inlaua, n., polygamy.

tekhanto, n.,a large wasp called a mud-
dauber.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[But 46

telihpa, n., ashield, 1 Kings10: 16. See
tilikpi (hymn 67, 4th verse).

teli, v. t. pl., to pull up; to pluck up; to
extirpate.

teli, n., one who pulls up; a plucker.

tema, y. a. i., to strut, as a turkey cock.

tepa, sing., hotepa, pl., v. a. i., go ye
ahead; start on.

tepli, see tebli.

tepoa, pp. pl., overhauled; tiapa, sing.

tepuli, v. t. pl., to overhaul; to take out,
as itombi a” tepuli, to look over the
things in a trunk; tiadli, sing.

tepuli, n., one who overhauls.

ti (Eng. ), n., tea.

ti ahoni, n., a teapot.

ti aialhto, n., a tea canister.

ti isht ishko, n., a teacup.

tiak, n., pine; lightwood; pine wood; a
turpentine tree.

tiak fatya, n., longleaf pine.

tiak foka, n., a piny region; piny.

tiak foka, a., piny.

tiak hobak, n., yellow pine.

tiak i2=palammi, n., the name of a weed
used by some Choctaw as a remedy for
the bite of venomous serpents.

tiak i4sinti, n., the ‘‘diamond”’ rattle-
snake.

tiak isht pala, n., an iron wedge; any
instrument used in splitting pine wood.

tiak isht shima, n.,a frowerused in split-
ting pine; where pine is the most com-
mon timber used in making shingles
tiak isht shima is used.

tiak nia, n., tar; turpentine.

tiak nia ahama, pp., tarred.

tiak nia ahammi, v. t., to tar.

tiak nia atoba, n., a tar kiln.

tiak nia bano, a., tarry.

tiak nia kallo, n., rosin; pitch; shoe
maker’s wax.

tiak nia lua, n., pitch.

tiak pi®kshi, n., a pine knot.

tiak shima, n., a pine shingle; a pine
board rived; riven pine.

tiak shoboli tultak, n., lampblack.

tiak shua, n., snake root.

tiak ushi, n., young pine.

tiapa, v. a. i., to scatter, Josh. 6: 5; to
separate; to break down; to disperse;
oklat tiapa, the people scatter; itatiapa,
John 7: 53; tepia, pl.

BYINGTON]

tiapa, pp., broken down; scattered; over-
hauled; razed; ruined; stirred; oklat
tiapa, the people are dispersed, see 1
Sam. 3: 1, open; mati fehna na chuka
yat tiapat taha; tiabli, v. t.

tiapa, n., a dispersion;
down.

tiabli, v. t., to break down; to throw
open; to scatter; to overhaul; to raze;
to ruin; to unpack; to unroof; to open,
Matt. 2: 11; itatiabli, to stir; to agitate;
to divide; aboha yan tiabli; na bonunta
ishtiabli na; holihta yan tiabli; itiablit
hoyo, v. t., to rummage; pass. tiapa.

tiablit pisa, y. t., to ransack; to rum-
mage.

tiapakachi, pp. pl., scattered; broken
down; dispersed.

tibafa, v. a. i., to cave in, as sakti at
tibafa oka atibafah.

tibafa, pp., caved in; tibati, pl.

tibaffi, v. t., to make the ground cave in;
tibatichi, pl.

tiballi, v. a. i., to glance off; to hit and
glance off; to hit and fly off sideways;
naki at tiballi, iskifa yat tiballi; iyi at
tiballi, to slip up or off.

tibikshi, a., round and large, applied to
hard Jumps formed in the flesh; see 1
Kings 7: 20, 41, 42 (where it is kibiksht).

tibikshi, n., a knob or knot.

tibikshi, see kibikshi.

tibi"llichi, v. t., to cause to hit and
glance, or fly off sideways.

tibli, v. t., to touch; see tebli.

titfa, v. a. i. sing., to come up by the
roots; teha, pl.

titfa, pp., pulled up; plucked up.

titfi, v. t., to pull out or up; to pluck, as
haiyukpulo an tinfi; hoshinchi an tinfi.

tiha, see teha.

tikabi, v. a. i., to flag; to tire; to lan-
guish; satikabi, I am tired; tikambi, to
fade; to faint; to wear.

tikabi, a., pp., tired; weary; exhausted;
weakened, as by sickness; debilitated;
enervated; faint; Matt. 15: 32; fatigued;
harassed; faded; languid; overdone;
tiresome; weakened; worried; tikambi,
pp., tikambi, a., dull; enervate; feeble;
frail; weak; weary; iktikambo, a., un-
wearied; tikambahe keyu, a., untirable.

tikabi, v. n., to be tired, weary, etc.; de-
bilitated; tikambi, to be dull.

a_ breaking

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

b49

tikabi, n., weariness; fatigue; languor;
lassitude; tikambi, n., weakness; a
weariness.

tikabichi, v. t., to tire; to weary; to
jade; tospend; toworry; iletikabichi, to
weary himself; tikambichi. v. t., to dull;
to enervate; to fatigue; to harass; to
macerate; to weaken; to wear, as an ax
or millstone; to weary, Josh. 7: 3; iskifa
issantikambichi, you have dulled my ax.

tikachi, v. a. i., to chick; to click.

tikafa, v. a. i., to shed the hair; to molt,
as fowls.

tikaffi, v. t., to pick off the hair; see
tikafa.

tikba,n., the van; an ancestor; pintikba,
our fathers, John 4: 20; the face; the
first begot; the foreside; the head; the
original.

tikba, a., forward; precedent; primary;
itikba, before; shuka itikba, Matt. 7: 6;
Josh. 3: 6; in the sight of, Josh. 3: 7, 14.

tikba, ady., in front; ahead; first; forth;
forward; prep., before; tikba ayali, I
go along ahead; itikba, before the face
of, Luke 2:31; before him, her, or it;
intikba, before him, Matt.5:12, and chi-.
likba, satikba; intikba hakshup, his fore-
skin.

tikba, v. n., to be ahead.

titkba, adv., prep., distinctive, first, Matt.
12: 29; John 1: 30, 41; formerly; an-
ciently; before time; aforetime; before;
former; heretofore, 1 Sam. 4: 7; Matt.
5: 24; first, Matt. 13: 30; 14: 22; 17: 10;
Josh. 3: 4; 82 33.

titkba, a., former; prior; antecedent;
first; firstborn; fore; original; aborigi-
nal; previous.

titkba, v. n., to be former; to be prior;
to be hereafter, or first hereafter.

tikba anoli, v. t., to forbode; to foretell.

tikba apesa, v. t., to preconcert; to fore-
judge.

tikba atali, v. t., to prefix.

tikba atokuli, y. t., to forechoose; to
foreordain.

tikba a®ya, tikbatya, vy. t., to perambu-
late; to precede.

tikba alhpisa, pp., preconcerted.

tikba alhtuka, pp., forechosen.

tikba annoa, pp., forewarned.

tikba atta, vy. a. i., to be born the first.

tikba atta, n., the firstborn.

350 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

tikba chafichi, v. a. i., v. t., to protrude.

tikba chumpat aiishi, v. t., to forestall.

tikba fehna aya, a., foremost.

tikba heka, v. a.i., to guide; to conduct;
to lead.

tikba heka, n., a leader; a guide; a pilot;
a conductor; a guider.

tikba hilechi, v. t., to prefix.

tikba holhtina, pp., forechosen.

tikba hotina, v. t., to forechoose.

tikba kali, v. t., to put or place before,
as in putting wood to the fire; tikba
kahpuli, pl.

titkba okla, n., the aboriginal inhabit-
ants; the aboriginal people.

tikba pisa, v. a. i., to scout; also n., a
scout.

tikba pisa, v. t., to foresee; to forecast.

tikba tobli, v. t., to protrude.

titkbaha, adv., formerly; previously; at
a previous time.

tikbaiachi, see tikbiachi.

tikbali ady., beforehand; in advance;
forward; tikbali fallokachi, to go back-
ward and forward in advance; tikbalt
aiowatta, to hunt beforehand, or in
advance; tikbanli, n. form, being in ad-
vance; along before; a., early, Matt. 11:
10.

tikbali, vy. n., to be beforehand; ‘‘to pre-
vent’’, Matt. 17: 25; tikbalichi, tikbalint,
contraction of tikbalinchit.

tikbama, adv., heretofore.

tikbanli anoli n., a diviner; a_prog-
nosticator; a predictor; a prophesier;
a soothsayer; nana tikbanl anoli, n.,
prophecy.

tikbanli anoli anumpa, n., a predic-
tion; a prophecy.

tikbanli apesa, v. t., to predetermine; to
predestinate.

tikbanli ikhana, n., prescience; fore-
knowledge.

tikbanli imanoli, v. t., to forewarn.

tikbanli imanukfila, n., a prejudgment;
prejudice.

tikbanli i2miha, y. t., to premonish; to
precaution; to instruct before, Matt.
14: 8.

tikbanli ishi, v. t., to preoccupy; to pre-
possess.

tikbanlit anoli, v. t., to divine; to fore-
tell; to predict; to prognosticate; to
prophesy.

[BULL.46

tikbanlit anukfilli, v. t., to prejudge; to
premeditate.

tikbanlit ithana, v. t., to foreknow.

tikbanlit ithana, n., foreknowledge.

tikbanlit. pisa, v. t., to foresee.

tikbanlit pisa, a., prospective.

tikbashalika, vy. a. i., to be first and
quickly; to get ready soon.

tikbatya, tikba a™ya,n., a harbinger;
a forerunner; a precursor.

tikba®ya, a., headmost.

tikba"ya hinikbi, n., a pioneer.

tikbiachi, tikbaiachi, v. t., to impel; to
cause to go forward.

tikbichi, v. t., to fix up a fire or to put
the burnt sticks up together; luak tik-
bichi.

tikeli, v. a.i., to press; to press against;
to reach or to touch, as the ends of a
stick when lying in a horizontal posi-
tion, asa round in a ladder; tikinli, nas.
form, pitikinli, Luke 5: 8; atikeli, 2Sam.
14: 30, 32; tikoli, pl., itattekili, to put
endwise together fora fire, as the Choc-
taw do outdoors; iti ititekili, pl., rafters,

tikeli, n., tikoli, pl., a prop; a buttress;
a support; a brace used in the frame of
a building; a wooden tenter; a shore;
a slat; a stay; stays; a support; a
supporter.

tikeli, pp., stretched, as a skin when hung
up to dry; propped; racked; scotched;
shored; isi hakshup tikeli, a deer skin
stretched on cane and hung up; tikoli,
pl.

tikelichi, v. t., to stretch; to hang on
tenters; to prop; to rack; to scotch; to
shore; haksobish tikelichi hosh hashhaklo-
kat Matt. 10: 27; itatikelichi, to cause to
touch each other, Gen. 50: 1; tikotichi, pl.

tikilbi, see tilikpt.

titkliha, v.i., to growl, as a cross dog.

titklish, n., the brisket of an ox.

tikoi4sha, takoi"sha, tokoi4sha, n., a
willow.

tikoi2sha naksish falaia, n., a weeping
willow.

tikpi, n., a bulb; a swell, as a cypress
knee or bulb; a bend ina water course.

tikshaneli, n., a dictionary; a lexicon.

titkti, n., a large red-headed wood-
pecker.

ti®ktitkachi, y. a. i., to twang.

BYINGTON]

tiktikechi, v. t., to spot.

tiktiki, a., spotted; having small spots.

tiktiki, v. n., to be spotted with small
spots.

tiliko, taliko, n., wheat (a Chickasaw
word).

tiliko bota, n., wheat flour.

tiliko palaska, n., wheat bread.

tiliko palaska iskatini, n., a biscuit;
a wheat cake.

tilikpi, a., blunt; dull (as an old ax).

tilikpi, tikilbi, telihpa, n., an ancient
kind of shield, made of stiff hide of a
cow, or of an alligator, and tied to the
body; a target. This word was not
generally known in 1854. See 1 Kings
10, 17; telihpa is the modern word,
while tilikpi is the old word.

tilofa, a., pp., broken off; abridged;
short; laconic; anumpa tilofa, a short
talk or speech; ‘ti tilofa, a stump.

tilofa, v. n., to be short.

tilofa, v. a. i., to break, 1 Sam. 4: 18.

tilofasi, a., shortish; short; brief; suc-
cinct; the diminutive of tilofa; anumpa
tilofasi kia chiaiokpachelachi hoke.

tiloffi, v. t., to break short off; bashpushi
an tilofi, to break the blade of a pen-
knife; noti a” tiloffi, to break off a tooth;
noti an bolit tiloffi, to strike and break off
a tooth.

tiloha, a., pp., pl., short; broken off;
abridged; iti tiloha; anumpa tiloha; noti
tiloha.

tiloha, vy. n., to be short.

tilokachi, a. pl., loose and standing up
(not hanging down), and so as to bend
or swing backwards and forwards, as
at a joint or as the broken limb of a
tree; ibbak tilokachi, the wrist joint.

tilokachi, v. n. pl., to be loose, so as to
swing; iti at tilokachi.

tilokachi, n., a joint; ibbak tilokachi,
wrist joint; ibbak ushi tilokachi.

tiloli, y. t., v. a. i., pl., to break off short;
noti at tiloti.

tilotichi, v. t., to break them off, Matt.
12: 20, (reeds).

tilukachi, v. a. i., to say tiluk, the noise
when anything hard is broken off, equal
to saying tilofa, and used in speaking of
a joint snake when broken in two.

tila, n., a mark,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

dol

tila, pp., marked; hewed; blazed, as a
tree.

tilaya, v. a. i. dual and pl., to run; to
flee; titahanya, pl., 2Sam. 15: 1, falamat
kehotitaya.

tilaya, n., runners.

tilaya, pp., driven out.

titayachi, v. t. to run.

tilefa, pp., squeezed; hichi at titefa.

titeli, v. t. pl., to drive out, Matt. 14: 35;
Josh. 3: 10; 13: 6, 18; to expel; to send,
Matt..2: 83) 10216; 112.2. 13:(36-) a4:
15, 35; Mark 11: 1; to make them run;
to run; todrive, 2 Kings; 9: 21; to send,
Josh. 7: 2, 22; 8:3; anshat titeli, to send
from, John 1: 19; titihinii, freq.; titit,
contracted form.

titeli, n., driving, titeli kat, the driving,
2 K. 9: 20.

titelichi, v. t., to cause to go, Gen. 45:

24.
til, v. t., to blaze; to mark a tree; to

hew; to whittle.

titi, n., a marker.

titichi, v. t., to sharpen a stick by cut-
ting; to bring to a point; to sharpen
wood with an edge tool; to whittle.

tiliffi, v. t., to squeeze with the fingers;
hichi at titiffi.

tilit hobachit ikbi, v. t., to sculpture.

tiloa, pp., pl., squeezed,

tiloli, v. t. pl., to squeeze.

timihachi, v.a.i., to hum; to buzz, as
bees; foe bilishke at timihachi.

timihachi, n., a buzzing; a stir.

timikachi, y. a. i., of the beating of a
drum; to sound, as a drum; atepa yat
timikahanchi na haklot ayali, I heard the
beating of a drum as I came along.

timikli, y. a.i., to beat; to throb; to
palpitate; chu”kash at timikli.

timikmekli, timikmikli, vy. a. i., to
beat, as the heart.

timikmeli, timikteli, v. a. i., to beat
quick; to throb; to pulsate; sachunkash
at timikteli, my heart beats hard; timik-
tinli, n. f.

timikteli, pp., thumping, fluttering.

timpi, n., the shoulder or swell of a bot-
tle near the neck.

tipelichi, v. t. sing., to strike; to smite
with the hand, fist, or a stick, but to
strike something soit, as a bed or the
flesh; ikkishi akon tipelichi, topa har ti-

352

pelichi; when anything hard is struck
say sakalichi.

tipitha, vy. t. pl., to strike any soft sub-
stance.

tipitha, n., a striker.

Tisimba, n., December.

tisheli, v. a. i. pl., to scatter; to dis-
perse; to retire; to rise, as a court;
oklat tishelt.

tishelichi, v. t. pl., to send away, Matt.
14: 22; 15: 32, 39.

tishepa, a., v. n., scarlet; fiery red,
Josh. 2: 18; n., scarlet.

tishi homi, hishi homi (q. v.), n., pep-
per.

tishi homi aialhto, n., a pepper box;
a pepper bag.

tishi homi humma, n., red pepper;
Guiana pepper; Cayenne pepper; cap-
sicum.

tishi homi lusa, n., black pepper.

tishi humma, n., red paint; vermilion;
rouge; tisht humma isht ilanchali, he
paints himself with vermilion.

tishihachi, v.a.1i., to sputter.

titshkila, n.,a jay; a blue jay.

tishu,n.,a waiter; aservant, Josh. 1: 1;
aman servant; one who attends a chief
to light his pipe, make his fire, etc.;
intishu, an escort; a groom; a lackey;
a page; a servitor; a valet; an eunuch;
a chamberlain, 2 Kings, 9: 32; antishu,
my servant, Matt. 8: 6, 8; 10: 25; 13: 27.

tiwa, tua, v. a. i., to open; to burst

open.
tiwa, tua, pp., opened, Matt. 7: 7;
unlocked; unfolded; unsealed; un-

stopped, Luke 3: 21; Matt. 3: 16; Josh.
8:17; open, John 1: 51; tktiwo, a., un-
opened.

tiwakachi, int. pl., to stir, or to be in
commotion.

tiwalichi, v. t., to stir up, as coffee
while boiling, with a spoon.

tiwi, tuwi, v. t., to open; to unlock,
Matt. 6: 19, 20.

tiwichi, tuwichi, v. t., to cause to open,
Matt. 2: 11.

to, adv. in amalla at amilli to!, are my chil-
dren dead? meaning that he had no
knowledge of it, but, having heard so,
makes the inquiry. This refers toa re-
mote past time, and should not have a
t sufixed to the verb it joins, as ili to.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

toba, v. a. i., to make; to rise; to arise;
tobat kocha, to form and come out,
Matt. 8: 24; 13: 26; to be born, John
1: 13; to be made; to become, Matt.
13:32; to be, Matt. 5:32; to come; tomba,
intensive; na hollo ishtoba, you have be-
come or you are a white man; tohwmba
freq. form, John 1: 12; aba anumpuli
toba, to become a Christian; achukma
toba, kallo toba, nuna toba; atoba, born
of, Matt. 11: 11; to proceed out of,
Matt. 15: 19.

toba,n., creation; a fabrication; a make;
workmanship.

toba, a., step, as ishketoba, a stepmother.

toba, v. i., to be able; as hikikiatoba, able
to walk about; ititoba, to become each
others, i.e., toexchange; itatoba (from
iti reciprocal, a locative, and toba), v.
t., to trade.

toba, pp., created; made; fabricated;
formed; generated; raised; wrought;
iktobo, a., unmade; isht atoba, by whom
made, Matt. 18: 7.

tobachi, v. a. i., to ripen; shukshi at to-
bachi, the watermelon is getting ripe;
luak a” ont tobachi, go and make the fire
blaze.

tobachi, v. t., to create; to make; to
beget; atobachi, to beget of or by, Matt.
1: 2; Tama ya” atobachi, Matt. 1: 3.

tobahchih, v. a. i., to make a noise by
beating on a house.

tobaksakula, n., a fossil coal pit; a coal
mine.

tobaksatoba, toboksi atoba, n., a coal
pit.

tobaksi, n., a coal; a fire coal; coal.

tobaksi ikbi, v. t., to make coal; to coal.

tobaksi ikbi, n., a collier.

tobaksi inchuka, n., a coal house.

tobaksi kulli, n., a collier; a coal digger.

tobaksi lusa ohmi, n., coal-black.

tobaksi mosholi, n., charcoal.

tobbona, a., bent over; stooping; bowed
down; curyated.

tobbona, v. n., to be bent over; iti at
tobbona, the tree is bent over; kato at
tobbona, the cat is humped up.

tobbona, n., a curve.

tobbonachi, y. t., to curve; to make
crooked.

tobbonali, v. t., to bend; uski a” tobbonali.

BYINGTON]

tobbonnoa, tobbonoha, y. n., to be
crooked; uski attobbonoha; kato at tob-
bonoa, curved, as an angry cat.

tobbonoa, tobbonoha, a. pl., crooked;
bent.

tobbonoli, v. t. pl., to bend; itipu-
shi av tobbonoti, to bend the saplings.

tobe hollo, n., a pea; peas.

tobe isht abeta, n., a bean pole.

tobela, v. a. i., to be well on fire.

tobi, tubi, n., a bean; beans.

tobi abeta, n., pole beans.

tobi hikint ani, n., bush beans; bunch
beans.

tobi uski atuya, n., pole beans.

tobi uski oiya, n., pole beans.

tobli, v. t., to push; to press against; to
hunch; to jog; to jostle; to propel; to
resist; to shove; to thrust; ititobli, to
push each other; peni itintoblit isht anya,
they pushed the boat along together;
shunkani isht tobli, to hunch; tombli, nas.
form; tohombli, freq. form; toywbli, pro.
form.

tobli, n., a pusher; a jogger; a thruster.

tobli, n., a push; a hunch; a jog; a
shove; a thrust.

tobli aba isht ia, v. t., to boost.

toblichi, v. t., to’ cause to push; iti
chanalli toblichi.

tobohachi, v. a. i., to roar.

tobokachi, v. a. i., to gurgle.

toboksi atoba, see tobaksatoba.

tobosinli, v. a. i., to close one eye.

toboshakchi, n., a log of wood.

tobulli, v. a. i., to boil up, as water, in
a spring; tobohonli, freq.

tobulli, pp., roiled.

tobulli, a., roily.

tobullichi, v. t., to cause water to boil
up; to roil.

toffa, v. n., to be summer; to”fa, being
still summer.

toffa, tofa, n., summer; the summer
season.

toffa anta na topulli, vy. a. i., to sum-
mer.

toffah iklanna, n., midsummer.

toffahpi, n., spring; the first part of
summer; the vernal season.

toffahpi, a., vernal.

toffokoli, a., faded; dim.

toffokoli, v. n., to be dim or faded.

84339°—Bull. 46—15 23

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

3538

toh, a particle in recent past cense;
ishla toh? have you just come?
or rather hatosh, from hat and osh.

toh, n., the report of a gun.

toh, adverbial, minkoh toh? is he a chief
and does so?

tohbi, a., white; light; hoar; hoary,
Matt. 17: 2.

tohbi, v. n., to be white, or light; tohmbi,
nas. form.

tohbi, n., whiteness; hoariness.

tohbi, pp., whitened; bleached; blanched;
made white; tohmbi, nas. form.

tohbi chohmi, a., whitish.

tohbichi, v. t., to whiten; to bleach; to
blanch; to paint white; to make white,
Matt. 5: 36.

tohbichi, n., a whitener.

tohbit ia, v. a. i., to whiten.

tohbit taha, pp., whitened.

tohchalali, a., bright; clear.

tohchalali, v. n., to be bright or clear.

tohchalli, Ch. Sp. Book, p. 44.

tohchali, v. a. i., to scintillate.

tohe, n., cabbage.

See to,

tohkasakh, vy. a. i., to shine dimly; to
give a dim light, as a lightning bug; to
flash.

tohkasakli, n., a flash; a glimmer; a
glimmering.

tohkasahi, a., bright.

tohkasaii, v. n., to be bright.

tohkasalichi, y. t., to brighten; to
make bright.

tohkasli, a., brilliant.

tohkasli, v. n., to be brilliant.

tohkaslichi, v. t., to render brilliant.

tohkil, n., the sensitive plant.

tohkilet pisa, v. a. i., to squint.

tohmali, v. a. i. pl., to shine with a
feeble light; to shine quick; to flash.

tohmasakli, v. a. i., to shine dimly; to
give a dim light, as a glow worm, or as
fire that is seen at a distance in the
woods.

tohmasaklichi, v. t., to cause to shine
dimly.

tohmasali, v.a.i., to give a small bright
light, asa candle when at a distance;
to shine feebly; to glimmer.

tohmasalichi, vy. t., to cause to shine
feebly.

354 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

tohmasli, v. a. i., to flash, as lightning; to
give a quick flash of light; hashukmalli
at tohmaslt.

tohmaslichi, y. t., to cause to flash.

tohno, tonho, v.t., to hire; to engage;
to instigate; to incite; to send, Matt.
14: 35; John 4: 38; to employ; to fee;
to procure by hiring; to warrant.

tohno, n., a hirer; an employer.

tohnochi, n., a stirrer.

tohnochi, tonhochi, vy. t., to hire; to set
on.

tohnochi, n., an instigator.

tohnot hochifo, v. t., to enlist.

tohpakali, a., dull.

tohpotoli, n., a spark.

tohto, n., a red elm.

tohwali, n., an opening; the firmament;
a glade.

tohwekikli, n., a flash of light; a
glimpse.

tohwikekli, see tohwikikli.

tohwikeli, v.a.i., v.t., to shine; to give
light; to gleam; to glimmer; to have
light, Matt. 6: 22; to light; to lighten;
to radiate; luak at tohwikeli; pala yat toh-
wikeli.

tohwikeli, pp., illuminated.

tohwikeli, a., lightsome, luminous; re-
fulgent; shiny.

tohwikeli, n., light; a glimmering; a
luminary; ashining, Matt. 5: 14; 6: 23.

tohwikeli, pp., enlightened; lighted.

tohwikelichi, n., an illuminator.

tohwikelichi, n., an illumination.

tohwikelichi, vy. t., to cause daylight; to
lighten; to give light; to enlighten; to
illume; illumine; to illuminate; to ra-
diate.

tohwiket minti, n., daybreak; daylight;
aurora.

tohwikikli, tohwikekli, n. pl., flashes
of light.

tohyuali, n., an opening or light seen in
the woods through trees.

tohyualichi,y. t., to cause light.

tok, sign of the remote past tense; was;
did; have; had; has been; ikpesotok,
ikhaklotok, Matt. 13: 17; Lewi atok, 1
Kings 11:13; tokatok, ‘‘ had,’’ Josh. 17:
10, & final has a demonstrative power
in marking past time in tok at, tok mat,
etc. Compounds: toka, tukashkia,
Matt. 13: 12—tokakinli — tokakkia—tok-

| BULL. 46

akon — tokakocha — tokakokia — tokak-
ono —tokakosh — tokakot — tokano—tok-
ato— tokano — tokat — tokbe— tokheno—
tokhet—tokheto—tokkia—tokma—tokmak-
o—tokmakosh— tokmano—tokmat—tok-
mato — toko —tokocha— tokoka— tokok-
ano —tokokat, tukokat, ‘potoli tukokat,
they who touched, Matt. 14: 36—tok-
okato—tokoke—tokokia— tokokma— tok-
okmano — tokokmat — tokokmato — tok-
ona—tokosh—tokot.

tokali, tukali, pp. pl., fired off; dis-
charged.

tokali, tukali, v. a.i. pl., to go off; to
shoot; to fire.

tokalichi, tukalichi, v. t., to fire; to
discharge; to cause to fire.

tokam, n., name of a tree used in mak-
ing the pommel and forepart of saddles.

tokba, adv., very; very much; extremely;
greatly; sabanna tokba, I want it very
much; okpulo tokba, extremely bad.

tokofa, v. a. i., to fall, as the palate into
the throat.

tokofi, v. a. i., to shed hair; iletokufi, he
sheds his hair.

tokoi®sha, see tikoisha.

tokok, ady., probably; it may be; it
might be; kanima minti hatokok; tokoke;
impa tokoke.

tokomi, tukohmi, adv., improbably; un-
likely.

[toksakinla, n., the snowbird (Six-
towns dialect).—H. 8S. H.]

toksalechi, v. t., to work; to cause to
work; to employ in work; to employ;
to exercise; to task; wak a” toksalechi,
hatak an toksalechi.

toXksalechi, n., a taskmaster.

toksali, vy. a. i., to work; to labor, Matt.
6: 28; 11: 28; to hammer; to ply; to
till; to toil; na hollo intoksali, he works
for a white man; iktoksalo, not to work;
to idle; a., idle; indolent; toksanli, n. f.,
atoksali, v. t., to cultivate; to work it, or
there; toksahanli, freq. form; ikatoksalo,
a., uncultivated; ibatoksali, to cooperate;
to work with; iktoksalo, n., idleness;
intoksali, to work for him; iintoksali,
to work for each other.

toksali, n., a laborer; a worker; work; a
domestic; a help; a helper; a jobber.

to"ksali, n., work; exercise; fatigue; a
job; labor; toil; working.

BYINGTON]

toksali alhpisa, n., a task.

toksali fehna, vy. a. i., to drudge; to
work hard.

toksali fehna, a., laborious.

toksali fehna, n., a drudge.

toXksali imponna, n., an artisan; an
artist; a workman; a wright.

tokumpa,a., large and round, like a hill.

tokumpa, a., being without a point,
tail, or ramp; akank tokumpa, a hen that
has no tail.

tokumpa, v. n., to be without a point,
tail, ete.

tola (see itula or itola), n., used with the
dative pro., intola; okhissa intola, its
foundation, 1 Sam. 5:4, 5.

toli, v. t., to play ball; ‘tibatoli, they
play ball together; itintoli, they play
ball against each other.

toli, n., a player; one who plays ball.

tolupli, tolubli, sing., duili, pl., v. a.i.,
to leap; to bounce; to bound; to vault;
to skip; to jump; to rebound; to spring;
to dodge; to hop; alla yat tolupli, isi
at tolupli, towa yat tolupli.

tolupli, n., a jumper; a leaper.

tolupli, a., salient; bounding.

tolupli, n., a bound; a leap; a jump; a
hop; askip; a spring.

toluplichi, v. t., to cause to leap, jump,
bound, ete.

toluplit wakaya, v. a. i., to vault.

toluski, a. sing., short, thick, and round;
shukha toluski, isuba toluski, sakti toluski.

toluski, v. n., to be short, thick, and
round.

toluskichi, v. t., to make short, thick,
and round.

tolusli, a. pl., short, thick, and round.

tolusli, v. n., to be short, thick, and
round.

tomafa, pp., completed;
being taken; tomaffi, v. t.

the whole

tomalusi, tomalisi, adv., close by; very
near but this way of it; chuka tomalisi,
ola tomalusi.

tomafii, v. t., to complete; to take the
whole.

tomaffi, tamaffi, n., one who com-
pletes or takes all; pl. tomoti or tamoli,
see Gen. 9: 15, to destroy all.

tomba, adv., very; nowa tomba, he
walks very well.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

305

tombi, tomi, tommi, vy. a. i., to shine,
as the sun, not as a fire or a candle; to
radiate; to reflect the rays of the sun;
hashi at siontomi, the sun shines on me;
apisa yat siontomi, the glass shines on me;
ikatommi, let it there shine, Matt. 5:16.

tombi, tomi, tommi, n., a ray of light;
a sunbeam; sunshine; a ray, Matt.
NB

tombi, a., radiant.

tombichechi, vy. t., tocause to shine; Chi-
howa yat tombichechi (or tombichi), Je-
hovah causes it to shine.

tombichi, tomichi, y. t., to cause to
shine; to radiate.

tombushi, n., prickly heat; tombushi sabi,
I have the prickly heat.

tomi, tommi, see tombi.

tonho, tohno, v. t., to have; to employ;
to engage.

tonhochi, tohnochi, v. t., to hire; to in-
stigate; to set on.

toni, n., name of a small wild animal.

tonla, v. a. i., to lie; to lie down; intonla,
to lie by him.

tonnik, tonni2k, toni"k, tonik, n.,a
post; a pillar, such as sustain the roof
of a piazza; a stock, 1 Sam. 1: 9; 2: 8;
1 Kings 7: 3.

tonnoli, v. a. i. pl., to roll over, as a log;
to tumble; to twirl.

tonnoli, pp., rolled over.

tonnclichi, v. t. pl., to roll them over, as
a ball or a log; to tumble; to turn; to
twirl.

tonokbi, tanakbi (q. v.), a., bent;
crooked, as an oxbow; ititonokbi, an
oxbow; ititonokbi katima ansha? where
are the oxbows?

tonokbi, v. n., to be bent; to be crooked.

tonokbichi, v. t., to bend; to crook; to
make crooked.

tononoli, a freq. v. a. i., to squirm; to
wallow.

tonulli, v. a. i. sing., to roll over, as a log.

tonulli, pp., rolled over.

tonullichi, vy. t. sing., to roll it over; to
roll away, Josh. 5:9; 10: 18.

topa, n., a bed; a bedstead; any frame on
which beds, blankets, or skins are
spread and where persons sleep; a
couch; a lodging.

topa iskitini, n., a cot; a small bed.

topa isht talakchi, n., a bed cord.

306

topaiti kalaha atakali, n., a trundle
bed.

topa iyi, n., a bedpost.

topa shu%shi, n., a bedbug.

topa umpatalhpo, n., a bed; a coverlet;
nan tanna topa umpatalhpo, n., a sheet.

topoli, topulli, v. t., to push; pl. of tobli.

toshba hinla, a., perishable.

toshbahe keyu, a., imperishable.

toshbi, a., pp., rotten; corrupt; spoiled;
perished; decayed; filthy; corrupted;
ruined; iktoshbo, a., undecayed.

toshbi, v. n., to be rotten, etc.

toshbi, v. a. i., to rot; to perish; to de-
cay; to corrupt; to ruin.

toshbi, n., rottenness; filthiness; rot.

toshbichechi, toshbichi, v. t., to rot; to
cause to rot; to corrupt; to mildew.

toshbichi ammona, v. t., to mildew.

toshbit isht ia, v. a. i., to decay; to be-
gin to rot.

toshboa, a., partially rotten, or injured.

toshboa, vy. n., to be partially rotten; alh-
poyak at toshboa; ahe at toshboa.

toshbulba, toshbi holba, a., somewhat
decayed.

toshbulba, v. n., to be somewhat de-
cayed.

toshke, tushkeh, adv. (from toh, sign of
recent past tense, as in ishlatoh); para-
ticle of assertion, full form hatoshke;
probably, John 2: 10; used by a person
who is ignorant of the manner in
which events took place. If a man in
a drunken fit kills another, when his
senses return he may say abelitoshke.

toshoa, toshowa, v. a. i., to remove,
Joshiesd] lean elie

toshoa, pp., poured out; transferred;
translated; construed; rendered; de-
fined; explained; emptied; evacuated;
expounded.

toshoa, n., an explanation; an explica-
tion; a translation; a version.

toshoa hinla, a., explainable; expli-
cable.

toshoba, n., mildew (from toshbi holba).

tosholi, v.t., to pour out; to transfer, Josh.
8: 32; to translate; to construe; to ex-
plain; to render; to define words; to
empty; to evacuate; to explicate; to
expound; to gloss; to open; anuwmpa
toshole, to translate; atoshoyuli, to pour-
from into, so as to cool, ete., as to pour

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

| BULL. 46

hot coffee from cup to saucer and back
again.

tosholi, n., a translator; an explainer;
an interpreter; an explicator; an ex-
pounder; an opener.

tosholi, n., a translation.

toshowa, see toshoa.

towa, n., a ball, used in sports.

towakali, n., the firmament, Gen. 1: 7.

towulhkachi, itowulhkachi, y. t., to
blister by heat, Rey. 7: 16.

tu2P; mati tun?

tua, a., open.

tua, tuwa, tiwa, pp., opened.

tua, v. a. i., to open; to come open.

tuakachi, pp., stirred while lying in a
vessel.

tualichi, v. t., to stir; to move about, as
to stir a liquid or grain which lies ina
vessel or a bin, etc.; tafala ya” tualichi,
tanchi an tualichi.

tubbona, a., stooped, bent over.

tubi, see tobi.

tuchali, n., a piece; a slice.

tuchina, a., three; III; 3; nitak tuchina,
three days; ninuk tuchina, three nights;
Matt. 12: 40; 15: 32; tuchinakma, Matt.
18206:

tuchina, y. n., to be three.

tuchina, v. a. i., to be three, or to make
three, as etuchina, we three.

tuchinaha, ady., a third time.

tuchinanchi, v. t., to do the third time.

tuchinanchit, adv., thrice; tuchinanchit
anoli, tell it thrice or tell of three things;
tuchinanchit abeli, I have killed three.

tuchinna, all three; being three; tuchin-
na hoshilhkoli, all three have gone.

tufa, v. a. i., to spit; ilontufa, to spit on
himself.

tufa, n., a spitter.

tuftua, v. a. i. pl., to spit; to keep spit-
ting.

tuk, sign of the recent past tense; did;
was; has; has been; have been; had,
1 Sam. 3: 8; Matt. 2: 13; used to de-
scribe just previous to another time
whether the last time is recent or not,
see John 4: 53; connected with the
present; equal to was, and is in some
connections; see atok for all the forms;
k final isdemonstrative; twk is found in
tuk at, tukmat, 1 Sam. 30:26, 27.

BYINGTON]

tukafa, tokafa, v. a. i., to discharge; to
go off; to fire, as a gun; to shoot; to
explode; to pop.

tukafa, pp., fired; discharged; shot;
ontukafa, shot; fired on.

tukafa,n., anexplosion; a shoot; iktukafo,
a., unshot.

tukafa achafa, n., a charge; a fire; a
load.

tukakosh, because, Matt. 16: 8.

tukali, tokali, n., pl., to discharge.

tukali, pp., discharged.

tukali, n., a shooting; a discharge; a
volley.

tukahi, see tokati.

tukalichi, see tokatichi.

tukalichi, v. t., to discharge.

tukatok, had, Matt. 14:3; 16:5; 1 Kings
11:10; was, 2 Kings 9:15, 16; Josh. 2:6.

tukaffi, v. t. sing., to fire off; to fire; to
discharge.

tukaffi, n., one who fires a gun.

tukbi, a., blunt; pp., blunted.

tukbi, v. n., to be biunt.

tukbichi, v. t., to make it blunt; to blunt.

tuklo, a., two; double, II; 2; n., a pair;
a couple; a brace; a yoke, Matt. 11: 2;
14: 17.

tuklo, n., twain; a span; a deuce, a term
used in gaming; tuklokma, Matt. 18: 16;
tuklokmat, when there are two.

tuklo, v. n., to be two; ishtuklo; ita-
tuklo, to be two together, or both, Matt.
4:21; 10: 29; itatukloli, I together with
him, two; itatuklo, Matt. 17: 3; «lita-
tuklo, Matt. 17: 27; Josh. 9: 3; toyuklo,
pro. form.

tuklo, v. a. i., to make two; to be two,
as etuklo, we two; itatuklo, and, in Che-
mis akosh nakfish Chan itatuklotok,
James and his brother John, Matt.
WO? 2S Wiles re VBle E

tu2klo, being two, or the two; both, Matt.
Oral ieediose Lae

tuklochi, v. t., todoit twice, or to dotwo;
to make two; itatuklinchi, to double;
tuklolichilahe keyu, 1 can not do both
things; to ‘‘two,’’ literally, Matt. 6: 24;
to take two, Matt. 10: 10.

tuklohita, n., a jig.

tuklohitahita, y. a. i., to jig.

tuklokia, even two.

tuklokia atampa, n., plurality; more
than two.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

Ghar f
apt

tuklona, tuklo ona, v. a. i., to reach to
two; toextend to two; even two; tukok,
cont. for tukokma; kaniona ishbotitukok,
perhaps you laid it somewhere.

tuktampuli, n., a cobweb; see chuklam-
pulli.

tukma, written as one word in the defi-
nite form of recent past tense, sub.
mood, obj. case, but after nouns should
be written as two words, tuk ma; tuk
mat, same in nom. case; tuk okma; tuk
okmat.

tukohmi, see tokomi.

tuktua, v. a.i., to cluck.

tulhpakali, a., dim; obscure; hidden;
applied to the eyesight, which, being
dim, does not clearly behold objects.

tulhpakali, y. n., to be dim or obscure;
tanampo apisa pisalikma apisa yat tulh-
pakali.

tulli, pl., tolupli, sing., v. a. i., to frisk;
to jump; to bound; to canter; to
prance; to romp; to skip; to spring;
to vault.

tulli, n., a frisker.

tullichi, v. t., to canter; to cause to leap,
ete.

tullit fulokachi, v. a. i., to caper.

tullit fulokachi, n., a caper.

tulotichi, v. a. i., to walk with short
steps like a duck-legged hen, ora child
when it first begins to walk.

tulak, n., soot.

tulak chito, a., sooty.

tulak isht lusa, pp., sooted.

tulak isht lusachi, v. t., to soot.

tulak laua, a., sooty.

tulatkoba, tula"kobi, a., brown; orange
red, like soot.

tuma, adv., probably; yamohmi tuma.

tumashke; hotumashke, Matt. 17, 26;
ihinma tumashke, Acts 11, 18; chintuma,
hetuma, in the future.

tupashali, n., the long-legged spider,
called ‘‘ grand daddy long legs.”’

tu2stubi, tu"subi, n., a fishhawk; a blue
hawk.

tu4sha, tusha; see tusili.

tushafa, v. a. i., to split off; tali tushafat
itula, the stone split off and fell.

tushafa, pp., split off.

tushafa, n., a piece; a fraction; a part;
a scrap; a slice, Matt. 17: 27; paska
tushafa sapeta, give me a piece of bread.

358 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

tusha"fasi, n., a bit; a spark.

tushali, v. a, i. pl., to split off in pieces.

tushali, pp., split off; chipped; minced;
nipped; sliced.

tushali, n., pieces cut off; fragments;
shavings.

tushali ushtali, v. t., to quarter.

tushalichi, v. t., to cut in pieces; to break
into pieces, Matt. 14: 19; to divide;
to part; to shave; paska ya tushaticht,
to break up the bread; to haggle; to
mince; to nip; itatushalichi, to break in
pieces; Luke 24: 30.

tushaffii, y. t. sing., to cut off a small
piece; to break off a small piece;
paska yan tushaffi, nipi an tushaffi.

tushkeh, see toshke.

tushli, vy. t. pl., to cutin pieces; to cut off;
to break in pieces; paska ya tushli.

tushpa, a., hasty; quick; spry; alert;
active; agile; cursory; brisk; animated;
expeditious; expert; forward; imma-
ture; instant; nimble; pert; posthaste;
precipitous; punctual; rapid; ready;
speedy; sprightly; sudden; swift.

tushpa, n., expedition; haste; hastiness;
precipitancy; quickness; rapidity;
rashness; readiness; speed.

tushpa, v. n., to be spry, quick, alert.

tu4shpa, vy. a. i., to go in haste; to act in
haste; to bustle; to haste; to hie; to
scramble; to fly; to. precipitate; to
speed, Matt. 5: 25; etutshpat ilaya, we
are going in haste.

tutshpa, pp., hastened; hasted; pre-
cipitated.

tu2shpa, tushpat, adv., quickly; apace;
immediately; rashly, readily.

tu"shpa achukma, a., prompt; ready.

tu4shpalechi, v. t., to hasten; to ani-
mate; to hurry; to expedite; to for-
ward; to haste; to precipitate; to
quicken; to speed.

tu%shpali, vy. t., to hasten; to animate;
to hurry; to haste; to huddle; satunsh-
pali, he hurries me.

tushpalit chafichi, v. t., to pack.

tu"shpat holitopa toba, n., an upstart.

tu4shpachi, v. t.,to hasten; to hurry; to
quicken another; to accelerate.

tutshpat anumpuli, v. t., to sputter.

tu4shpat nowa, y. a. i., to walk fast;
n., a tripper.

[ BULL. 46

tushtua, v. a. i., to break in pieces; to
crumble.

tushtua, pp., cut up; divided; broken;
crumbled; dissected; sliced.

tushtua, n., pieces; fragments; crumbs.

tushtuli, v. t., to break off pieces; to
carve; to cut off pieces; to dissect; to
fritter; to slice; to break, Matt. 15: 36;
paska ya tushtuli, isi nipi tushtuli.

tushtuli, n., a carver.

tuwa, see tua.

tuwi, tiwi, v. t., to open; to unlock;
to broach; to unbar; to unbolt; to un-
close; to unfasten; to urfold; to unroll;
to unstop.

tuwi, n., an opener.

tuwichi, tiwichi, a., to cause to open; to
open; to disclose.

ufka, hufka, v. t., to air; to dry; to sun;
to expose to the sun; tanchi a” ufka,
shukbo an ufka, he suns the blanket;
holufka, pp.

ufka®ya, okfa®ya (q. v.) v. a. i., to
snag the foot or flesh.

ufko, n., a fanner; a small hand fan; an
instrument for winnowing grain, ete.

uha, a., all; see Hymn 148: 7; nan uha.

uha, v. n., to be all.

uhalichi, see Mark 12: 30.

u2halinchi, y. t., to use all, Mark 12: 30.

u2kah, adv., yes; certainly (from o”h or
uth and kahg it is that).

ukbal, ulbal (q. v.), n., behind; the
rear.

ukbal, adv., in the rear.

ukha, see okha.

ukhishta, okhishta (q. v.), v. t., to
shut; to close a door, box, trunk, or
gate, but not a knife, the eyes, or
the hand.

u2kof, u"kaf, n., a persimmon.

u2kof api, n., a persimmon tree.

uksak, oksak, n., a hickory nut.

uksak alanta, n., hickory mush, an
Indian dish.

uksak api, n., a hickory tree.

uksak api bisinli, n., a hickory withe.

uksak foni, n., a hickory-nut shell.

uksak hahe, n., a walnut.

uksak hata, n., a white hickory nut.

uksak nipi, n., hickory-nut meat; a
kernel.

BYINGTON]

uksak ulhkomo, n., hickory milk, a
dish of food.

ulbal, ukbal, a., behind; back; adv., in
the rear.

ulbal, vy. n., to be behind.

ulbal, n., the rear.

ulbal isht atopulli, n., a diarrhea.

ulbal ont ia, v. a. i., to have a passage
or stool.

ulbal ont ia, n., a diarrhea; a stool; a
passage; a dejection; a flux.

ulbal ont iachi, n., a cathartic.

ulbal ont iachi, vy. t., to physic.

ulbal pila, adv., backward.

ulbal pilla, ady., away back.

ulbalaka, a., hind, as to direction.

ulbalakachi, v. t., to cause it to go be-
hind.

ulbalhpela, adv., backwards.

ulbalhpelat ia, v. a. i., to go back; to go
backwards; isuba hat ulbalhpetat ia
ikbanno.

ulhchi, n., a drawer of water.

ulhkachi, hulhkachi, pp.,
steeped; tanchi at ulhkachi.

ulhkachi, v. a. i., to soften.

ulhkachi, a., soggy.

ulhpi, n., a haft; a handle; a shaft.

ulhpi a%sha, pp., hafted; having a haft;
shafted.

ulhpohomo, pp., covered.

ulhti, pp., enkindled; kindled.

ulhti, n., a fire; a council fire; a govern-
ment; a state; a district; a domain;
a dominion; a republic.

ulhti achafa, n., a state; one council
fire; 4 commonwealth.

ullohchi, pass. of ochi.

um, see om.

umba, uma (Sixtowns form), umma
(Sixtowns form), umpa, v. a. 1., to
rain; to shower; ohumpa; onumba, to
rain on; onumba, pp., showered.

umba, n., a rain; a shower; wmba hatuk
mat, the rain, Matt. 7: 25, 27.

umba, a., rainy.

umba, v. n., to be rainy.

umba chito, n., a great rain.

umba chitoli, y. a. i., to rain hard.

umba laua, a., rainy.

umbachechi, y. t., to engage one to
make it rain.

umbachi, umpachi, umbachi, v. t., to
make it rain; to rain; to shower.

soaked;

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

oo9

umbi, n., a pawpaw; a custard apple.

umbitepa, ombitepa, v. t. sing., to press
on with the hand, Matt. 9: 18; dlumbi-
tepa, to smite himself with his hand,
Luke 18: 13.

umbitka, v. t. pl., to press on with the
hands.

umbokafa, n., an issue; issish wmbokafa,
Matt. 9: 20. See bokafa.

umma, umpa, see wba.

umpatali, v. t., to spread on; to put on;
to saddle; wewmpatali, to spread on
himself; iewmpatali, n., ashawl; acape.
See patali.

umpatalhpo, n., a saddle; a carpet; a
cushion.

umpatalhpo,
skinned.

umpachi, see wnbachi.

umpala, v. a. i., v. t., to shine on; to
shed light upon.

umpata, n., a cape; a cover.

umpata, umpatta, pp., spread on.

umpoholmo, y. a. i., to mantle; to skin.

umpoholmo, n., a covering; a lid; a
cover; a tilt.

umpoholmo, pp., covered, Matt. 10: 26;
boarded; hooded; topped; veiled; onulh-
pohomo.

umpohomii, v. t., to cover; to cover over;
to board; to cover with boards; holisso
hav umpohomi.

umpohomo, ompohomo, vy. t., to cover;
to bury; to hood; to involve; to man-
tle; to skin; to smother; to tip; to tilt;
to top; to veil; isht ompohomotok, was
covered with, Matt. 8: 24.

umpohomot okpani,v. t., tooverwhelm.

unchaba, onchaba, n., a large hill.

unchaba chaha, n., a high hill; a moun-
tain.

unchaba foka, a., hilly; n.,a hilly region.

unchololi, onchuloli, v. a. i., to sprout
at the root; to grow up again, as sprouts
roundastump; to multiply; to increase;
aiunchululi, Matt. 1: 17; ttatunchululi,
generations.

unchololichi, v. t., to cause to sprout.

uncholulli, n., sprouts; the second
growth; a generation; the descendants;
the offspring; an offset.

unchululi, n., generation or descendants;
isht aiunchululi, Matt. 12: 34.

untuchina, a., eight, VIII, 8.

pp-, covered; boarded;

860 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

untuchinaha, ady., eight times.

untuklo, a., seven, VII, 7, Matt. 12: 45;
152134)736; 137; 16; 10:

untukloha, adv., seven times, Josh. 6: 4.

uskap, n., a small white crane.

uski, oski, n., a cane.

Uski anu"ka, n., a., in the cane; among
cane. The Choctaw name for Ken-
tucky.

uski botona, n., cane bent and used for
tongs.

uski chito, n., large cane; a thick cane
brake.

uski chulta, n., aslaie; aslay; a weaver’s
reed; a reed.

uski kapush, n., cane tongs.

uski kolofa, n., a cane spool.

uski kololi, n., pl., cane spools.

uski lumpa, n., a blowgun; an air gun
made of cane; a wind gun.

uski naki, n., an arrow; a shaft; oski
naki, 2 Kings 9: 24.

uski naki halupa, n., an arrow-head or
-point.

uski pata, n., a canebrake.

uski patak, n., a canebrake.

uski tapa, n., a spool.

uski tapa afoli, v. t., to spool.

uskula, n., a flute; a pipe, Matt. 11:17.

uskula olachi, v. t., to flute; to play on
a flute; to pipe.

uskula olachi, n., a piper.

uskulush olachi, n., a fifer; a whistler.

uskulushi, n.,a whistle; a fife; a flageolet.

uskulushiolachi, v. t., to fife; to play
on a fife.

ushahpi, n., firstborn; the first child.

ushatto, n., a womb; a venter; a matrix.

ushelabi, see hashilabi.

ushetik, see osletik.

ushetik, oshetik, n., a daughter; his or
her daughter; used in the third person
only; Matt. 10: 35; 14: 6.

ushetik toba, n., a stepdaughter.

ushi, n., ason; achild, Josh. 1:1; ushi
yan, the Son, Matt. 11: 27; lap ushi yor,
a son of himself, Heb. 1: 2; offspring,
Matt. 15: 22; a descendant, Luke 3: 23,
38; a brood; fruit; a litter; posterity;
heirs; an egg; the young of any creature;
not applied to infants (see Matt. 1: 21,
23; Luke 1: 13); sign of the diminutive,
as chufak, chufak ushi; an imp, a word
of reproach; issue; young; ‘‘a young

[ BULL. 46

one;’”’ ushi osh, his son, Matt. 7: 9; ushi
is used only in the third person, and
means his son, her son; son of; in the
second and first person it is chiso, thy
son, and sasa, my son. See iso, a son.

ushi ahalaia, n., sonship.

ushi afoka, n., a womb.

ushi aialhto, n., a womb.

ushi cheli, y. t., to litter; to bring forth
young.

ushi i2fohka, a., pregnant.

ushi i2fohka, v. n., to be pregnant.

ushi i"fohka, v. a. i., to conceive; to
teem.

ushi i2fohka, n., pregnancy.

ushiiksho, ushiksho, a., barren; child-
less; issueless, Luke 1: 7.

ushi isht atiaka, n., seed.

ushi isht atoba, n., adoption.

ushi kaiya, v. a. i., to teem; to be with
young.

ushi kaiya, a., pregnant.

ushi shali, v. t., to go with young.

ushi tek, ushetik, n., a daughter, 1
Sam. 1: 4; Matt. 15: 28; Josh. 17: 3.
See oshetik.

ushi toba, n., a stepson; a stepchild.

ushi tobat taha, n., a fetus.

ushiksho, see ushi iksho.

ushta, a., four; IV; 4, Matt. 15: 38.

ushta, v. n., to be four; ushtali, I four;
afammi ushtali, I four years; | am four
years old.

ushta, v. a. i., to make four; as ilushta.
ushtalt.

uXshta, all four.

ushtachi, to do it four times.

ushtaha, fourth time.

ushtali, y. t., to four; to make four (see
to quarter), i@nafoka yatuk an ishit ita-
kashkoa ushtali cha, took his garments
and made four parts, John 19: 23.

uti, oti (q. v.), n., a chestnut.

wa, awa (q.v.); will not; shall not; can
not, Luke 4: 4; John 3: 2.

wathachi, v. a. i., to scream.

wahhaloha, y.a. i. pl., to spread; to
branch out like vines on the ground.

wahhaloha, a. pl., pronged.

wahhaloha, v. a. i., to be pronged; isi
lapish at wahhaloha.

wahbhala, a. sing., pronged, as the horns
of cattle and deer; wahhala, v. n.; wak
lapish at wahhala.

|

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE

wahwali, wahwuli, n., a whip-poor- will.

waiahpa, v. a. i. (from waiya and ahpi),
to bow down; see John 8: 6.

waiayatya, waiayaya, motion of a horse
in bending down his head to eat as he
passes along.

waioha, n., bends.

waioha, vy. a.i. pl., to bend; iti at waioha.

waioha, pp. pl., bent.

waiohachi, v. t., to bend.

waiya, n., a bend; a stoop.

waiya, v.a.i. sing., to bend; to impend;
to lean; to recline; to swag; to sway.

waiya, pp., bent.

waiya, a., slant; slanting.

waiyakachi; ito%waiyakachi, to lean on
each other, as fallen cane stalks; tanchi
at waiyakachi.

waiyachi, v. t., to bend; to incurvate; to
lean; to slant; to stoop; to sway.

wak, n., a cow; general name of the cow
kind, and is of common gender and of
both numbers; cattle; kine; neat; beef;
beeves; black cattle. This word is
probably an attempt to imitate the
Spanish word vaca.

wak afammi, n., a yearling cow.

wak aiasha, n., a range for cattle; a
place where cattle resort.

wak aiimpa, n., a manger; a rack; a
cow trough; a cow range; a stall for
cattle.

wak aiitanowa, n.,a cow trail or path;
a cow range.

wak apistikeli, n., a herdsman; a gra-
zier; a neatherd.

wak abi, n., a butcher.

wak atampa, n., a yearling; one over
a year old and under two years.

wak bila, n., the fat of beef; suet.

wak bishahchi, n., a milch cow.

wak hakshup, n., a cowhide.

wak hakshup ahumma, wak hakshup
ahummachi, n., a tannery; a tanyard;
a tan vat.

wak hakshup alallichi, n., a lapstone.

wak hakshup humma, n., sole leather;
leather.

wak hakshup hummachi, n., a tanner;
a leather dresser.

wak hakshup isht hummachi, n., 002e;
tanner’s bark.

wak hakshup lusa, n., upper leather.

wak hakshup lusachi, v. t., to curry.

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 361

wak hakshup shemachi, n., a currier.

wak hakshup shukcha, n., a portman-
teau; saddle bags.

wak hobak, n., asteer; an ox; a bullock.

wak hobak totksali, n., a
steer; a working ox.

wak itholihta, n., a cowpen; a
yard.

wak inlukfapa, n., a cowlick.

wak ishki, n., an old cow that has had
calves.

wak isht fama, n., a cow whip.

wak isht inchu™wa, n., a cow brand.

wak itichapa, n., a yoke of cattle.

wak itihalalli, n., a yoke otf oxen.

wak i®yalhki, n., cow dung; muck.

wak i®yalhki ont ashachi, pp., ma-
nured.

wak lapish, n., a cow’s horn.

wak lapish iksho, n., a cow without
horns.

wak nakni, n., a bull.

wak nakni nipi, n., bull beef.

wak nali tohbi, n., a line-back cow; a
white-back cow.

wak nia, n., tallow.

wak nia ahama, pp., tallowed.

wak nia ahammi, v. t., to tallow.

wak nia pala, n., a tallow candle.

wak nipi, n., beef; the flesh of an ox or
cow.

wak nipi albani, n., barbecued beef.

wak nipi apa, n., a beef-eater.

wak nipi shila, n., dried beef; cured
beef.

wak pelichi, n., a herdsman; a grazier.

wak pishukchi, n., cow’s milk.

wak pishukchi nia, n., butter of kine;
butter.

wak pishukchi palaska, n., cheese.

wak tek, n., a cow; cows; kine.

wak tek himmeta, n., a young cow; a
heifer; a young kine.

wak toksali, n., an ox; a working ox.

wak toksali abankachi, n. pl., ox
yokes.

wak to"ksali abanaya, n., an ox yoke.

wak totksali hioli achafa, n., an ox
team.

wak to%ksali innuchi, n., an oxbow.

wak to%ksali itapata, n., a yoke of
oxen; a pair of oxen.

wak toksali itichapa, n., a yoke of
working cattle.

working

COW

362 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

wak ushi, n., a calf.

wak ushi cheli, v. t., to calve.

wak ushi hakshup, n., a calfskin.

wak ushi nakni, n., a bull calf.

wak ushi nipi, n., veal.

wak yushkoboli, n.,acow without horns.

wakalali, pl., wakla, sing., v. a. 1., to
crack.

wakalali, pp., cracked.

wakalali, n., cracks; crevices; interstices.

wakalalichi, v. t., to cause to crack.

wakama, v. a. i., to unfurl; to spread
out; to open.

wakama, pp., opened; unfurled; holisso
hat wakama, shaphat wakama, iti patalh-
po at wakama, the floor is raised up en-
tire so that one can look under it.

wakamoa, v. a. i. pl., to unfurl.

wakamoa, pp. pl., opened; unfurled.

wakamoli, v. t., to unfurl; to spread
out; to open.

wakaya, n., a start.

wakaya, n., a starter.

wakaya, y. a. i., to rise froma seat, Matt.
9:9; Luke 5: 28; to arise (from a sick
bed), Matt. 8: 15; to get up; to rise up;
to start; tostart off on a journey, Josh.
1:2; 8:1; onwakayat hikia, to stand over,
Luke 4: 89; nitak nantasho ishwakaya-
tukon, on what day did you start?

wakayachi, v. t., to cause to get up;
to cause to start; to start; to make him
rise up, 2 Kings 9: 2.

wakayoha, v. a.i. pl., to rise up from
a seat.

wakayohachi, v. t., to raise them up.

wakammi, v. t., to open, Luke 4: 17;
Matt. 17: 27; holisso han wakammi, to
open the book; nishkin wakammi; itombi
wakammi; ikwakamo, a., unopened.

wakcha, a., forked; having two prongs
or limbs straddled apart, as the two
legs in one end of a bench.

wakcha, y. a. i., to straddle; omwakcha,
y. t., to straddle on.

wakcha, y. n., to be forked; o”wakcha,
straddled over.

wakchala, v. a. i., to straddle.

wakchalali, vy. a. i., to straddle.

wakchalalichi, v. t., to cause to straddle.

wakchalalit itonla, v. a. i., to sprawl.

wakchalachi, y. t., to make him strad-
dle.

wakchalashli, a., forked; straddled.

[ BULL. 46

wakchalashli, vy. n., to be forked or
straddled.

wakchalashlichi, v. t., to cause to strad-
dle.

wakchali, n., a disease like the venereal
disease.

wakchat hikia, v. a.i., tostand straddle.

wakchat nowa, v. a. i., to straddle; to
straddle and walk.

wakeli, v. t., to lift up; to raise it up;
iti av wakel, to lift up a log.

wakkalih, y. a. i., to be low or just
heard, as the human voice.

wakia, v. a. i. sing., to crack open;
wakalali, pl.

wakla, pp., cracked open.

wakla, n., a crack; a crevice; an inter-
stice; aboha wakla; iti patalhpo wakla;
wakaloha, pl.

waklali, n., a fissure.

waklachi, v. t., to cause to crack.

wakoha, v. a. i., to open.

wakoha, pp., opened.

wakohi, v. t., to open.

wakolichi, vy. t., to cause to open; to
lift them up; to raise them up, i. e.,
anything flat; aboha isht holmo wako-
lichi, lift up the shingle on a roof.

wakshish, vy. a. i., to stub; iyi wakshish,
to stub the toe.—J. E. ;

walakshi, n., a dumpling; a Choctaw
dumpling, made thus: cakes of corn
meal are boiled in water gruel, with a
mixture of dried peaches, and eaten in
a bowl.

walanto, y.a.i., to be curdled, like milk;
see walahachi.

walasha, a., tender or soft.:

walasha, y. n., to be tender or soft.

walasha, pp., soaked till suppled; wak
hakshup at walasha.

walabli, walapli, v. a. i., to go over;
onwalapli, 1 Sam. 2: 1.

wali, v. t., to hold out to view; to hand
to others; nushkobo av imwali, to beckon;
tali holisso an impali, to offer him
money; paska ya” imwali, to hand them
the bread.

waloa, y.i., to grow, like a plant ora
person; walwoki, pl.

walo%chi, a., juicy; soft; applied to the
part of pine-tree ball which squirrels
eat.

waloha, a., tender; soft.

ee

BYINGTON]

waloha, y.n., to be tender; alla chunkash
at waloha, fuli at waloha; tanip holbi at
waloha.

walohachi, v. t., to make flexible.

walohbi, a. pl., flexible; limber; tender;
soft; flimsy; supple; pliant.

walohbi, walonchi (Sixtowns word), v.
n., to be flexible or tender; nipi at wa-
lohbi; bashpo at walohbi; iti naksish at
walohbi.

walohbi, n., tenderness.

walohhbi, v. a. i., to flag.

walohbi, pp., suppled.

walohbi keyu, a., unpliant.

walohbichi, v. t., to make limber or flex-
ible; to supple.

waloli, v. t., to shake; to hold up to
view.

walotachi, a. pl., tender, as the stalks
of young vegetables.

walunchi, y. a. i., to be tender, like new
grass; weak, as young animals; see
walohbi.

walanta, v.a. i.; o%wvatanta, to run over.

watalli, v. a. i., to boil, as hot water;
to boil from the action of heat; to effer-
vesce; to wallop; to seethe, 1 Sam.
22 NS.

walalli, pp., seethed.

watalli, a., boiling; fervent.

watalli, n., an ebullition; a ferment.

watalli ammona, v. a. i., to simmer.

watallichi, v. t., to cause to boil; to fer-
ment; to seethe.

wananaha, v. a. i., to quiver.

wanananli, v. a. i., to quiver.

wanuksho, wanuksho, a., hairy.

wanuksho, n., short hair, as on a hog;
fuzz.

wanuta, n., a door yard; a court; a
yard.

washa, n.,a locust, the large kind; havwa
is the small sort.

washahachi, washahachi, v. a. i., to
sing, as locusts; to rattle, as the rattle-
snake; to make a rustling or shrill
noise; washa yat washahachi; sintullo at
washahachi.

washalali, v. a. i., to extend.

washaloha, a., pronged; full of limbs or
branches; having many limbs.

washaloha, y. n., to be pronged.

washana, v. a. i., to kick with the hind
legs; isuba hat washana.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

363

washala, a. sing., pronged; having two
prongs or two tines.

washala, v.n., to be pronged.

washala, n., a prong; a tine.

washalahinchi, y. t., to strike with two
feet.

washalachi, v. t., to make a prong.

washalwatya, v. t., to strike with all the
feet.

washlichi, n., a kind of locust.

washoha, y. a. i., to play with little
things, as children; to play with toys;
to game; to sport; to toy; to wanton.

washoha, n., playing with toys; one who
plays with toys; a game; a pastime;
a play; sport; alla washoha, a boy who
plays.

washohachi, v. t., to cause to play with
toys.

watali, v. t. pl., to unfold; to unfurl;
watanli, nasal form.

watama, pp., unfolded; opened; v. a. i
to unfold; to open.

watalhpi, a., supine; watalhpi. v. n.

watalhpi, adv., supinely.

watalhpi, v. a. i., to lie on the back.

watammi, v. t., to unfold; to open; na
foka lumbo watammi; bashpo yor wa-
tammi; holisso ha® watammi.

watammi, n., one who opens.

watammi, see batammi.

watonlak, watonla, n., a crane.

watonluk oshi, n., a white sand-hill
crane.

waya, v. a. i., to bear; to bring fruit; to
produce; to ripen; to grow; to yield;
ishtwaya, Matt. 13: 23; to bring forth,
Matt. 18: 26; takkon api dappat waya
fehna; tanchi at waya; yakni ilappat
ahe a” awaya, this land produces pota-
toes; Josh. 5: 11.

waya, n., produce.

waya,a., ripe; fruitful; ikawayo, unfertile;
ikwayo, sterile; fruitless; unfruitful

waya achukma, a., rank.

waya fehna, v. a. i., to luxuriate.

waya fehna, a., luxuriant; prolific.

~ fa

wayachi, v. t., to cause to bear; to pro-
duce; to yield; to grow; ikwayayochi,
y. t., to sterilize.

walaha, v. a. i., to coagulate; to clot; to
curdle; to congeal; pishukchi at walaha;
issish at walaha.

364 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

walaha, pp., coagulated; curdled; con-
gealed.

walaha, a., ropy.

walaha, n., coagulation and coagulum;
aclot; ropiness; pishukchi walaha; apish
walaha.

walahachi, walakachi, walanto, y.t.,
to coagulate; to congeal; to curdle.

walahachi, n., a jelly.

walapolih, v.a.i., tolap over; nitak iton-
walapolih.

walwa, n., a species of turtle; a soft-
shelled turtle; irwalwa, the lower part
of the breastbone.

walwaki, a. pl., waloa, sing., tender;
soft; chunkash walwaki.

walwaki, y. n. pl., to be tender or soft;
to grow, like a plant or a person.

walwakichi, v. t., to make tender or soft.

watahachi, v. a. i., to rattle, as dry
leaves or dry sand, seeds, and powder,
or as the throat with a cold.

wannichi, vy. a. i., to shake, as with the
ague; to quiver; to shudder; to trem-
ble; wannihinchi, quivering.

wannichi, n., an ague fit; ashake; palsy;
a quake; a waver; a shivering; a shud-
der; a trembling; tremor.

wannichi, a., tremulous.

wanuksho, see wanuksho.

waslichi, n., see wislichi.

washkali, v. a. i., to have the itch.

washko, n., the itch; the mange.

washkoli, washkuli, vy. t., to cause the
itch.

washlichi, v. a. i., to grit or chisel nuts
like a squirrel.

watta, v. a.i., to be broad, like the horns
of an ox; waklapish watta.

wattachi, vy. t. sing., watali, pl., to un-
clinch, as ibbak wattachi, to open the
mouth of a bag; to unfold or spread
out the wings or open the hands; see
watta.

weha, pp., ravaged; plundered.

wehkah, int. of mild displeasure, as
don’t; now don’t.

wehpoa, pp. pl., robbed; plundered;
depredated; deprived; despoiled; di-
vested; extorted; rifled; stripped; ik-
wehpoo, a., unspoiled.

wehpoa, n., robbery; extortion; prey;
prize; rapine; spoil, Josh. 7: 21; na

>

wehpoa, spoils, Josh. 8: 2.

[BULL.46

wehpuli, v. t., to rob; to plunder; to
depredate; to deprive; to despoil; to
divest; to extort; to pillage; to prey; to
ravage; to rifle; to spoil, Matt. 12: 29.

wehpuli, n., a robber; a plunderer; a
depredator; an extortioner; a ravager;
a rifler.

wehpuli shali, a., rapacious.

wehpuli shali, n., rapacity.

wehput fullota, v. t., to scour; to pil-
lage; to range about for pillage.

wehta, n., the lap of a legging.

weki, a., heavy; ponderous; weighty;
burdensome; clumsy; dull, Matt. 11:
28; fat; firm (chutkash weki, a firm
mind); slow (hatak weki, a slow man;
a heavy man); flat; obtuse; onerous;
oppressive; saturnine; unwieldy.

weki, v. n., to be heavy, etc.

weki, v. a. i., to weigh.

weki, pp., weighed; ikweko,a.,unweighed.

weki, adv., heavily.

weki, n., a weight; a poise; the weight;
a pound; gravity; heaviness; heft;
luggage.

weki achafa, n., one pound; a pound.

weki fehna, a., ponderous; very heavy.

weki itshahi, a., heaviest.

weki i?shah, v. n., to be the heaviest;
v. a. i., to preponderate.

wekiitilaui, v. a. i., to balance; to weigh
against each other and alike.

weki itilaui, a., being of equal weight.

weki itilaui, pp., balanced; poised.

weki itilaui, n., an equilibrium.

wekiitilauichi, v. t., to balance; to poise;
to cause to weigh alike or to be of equal
weight.

weki taltepa achafa, n., a kentle; a
quintal.

weki talepa sipokni tuklo, n., a ton;
2,000 pounds.

wekichi, v. t., to weigh; to weigh up; to
balance; to poise; to scale; imwekichi, to
encumber him; ikwikecho, a., un-
weighed.

wekichi, n., a weigher.

weli, v. t. pl., wali, sing., to take out; to
hold out to view; to stretch forth, Luke
6: 10; Matt. 12: 49; 14: 31; to offer,
Luke 6: 29; to stretch out, 2 Sam. 24:
16; Josh. 8: 18; to show; to turn to,
Matt. 5:39; to put forth, Matt. 8: 3;
onweli, to level, as a gun in shooting;

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY
isht toksali isht welt, v. t., to ungear; isht
hallali isht weli, v. t., to unharness.

weli, y. t., to rob; to despoil; to divest;
to pillage; to plunder; to ravage; shuk-
ha yar inmweli.

wel, n., a plunderer.

[wia, n., a loft, a brush arbor. Wia
Takali, Hanging Loft, was the name of
a Choctaw town, so called from a large
brush arbor erected there for public
assemblies. —H. 8. H.]

wichikli, y. a.i., pl., to move.

wiha, v.a.i. pl., to move; to remove; to
changethe place of residence; to swarm;
foe bilishki at wiha; oklat wiha,; oklat wihat
anya; kocha wiha, to come forth, John 5:
28; ilaweli, ilaueli, to take along with
himself.

wiha, n., movers; an emigrant.

wiha, n.,a removal; a moving; a migra-
tion; a remove.

wihachi, vy. t., to cause to move.

wihachi, v.a.i., to move and swarm, as
flies, maggots, etc.

wihat a®ya, v.a.i., to emigrate; to move
along; to be on the way; to migrate.

wihat ala, v.a.i., toimmigrate; to move
and arrive.

wihat ala, n., an immigrant.

wihat binili, v. a. i., to move and settle.

wihat binili, n., a colony.

wik, n., a week, from the English word
week.

wilaha, a., slimy.

wilaha, y.n., to be slimy.

wilaha, n., slime; sliminess.

wilahachi, vy. t., to cause to be slimy.

wilanli, v.a.i., to weep; nishkin okchi at
wilanli, to drop, as tears.

wileli, v.t., to flap.

witali, vy. a. i., to spread out (as the toes
of some old women).

wimilichi, y. a. i., to roar, as a blazing
fire, as a flame; wimilihinchi, freq.

winihachi, winehachi, y.a.i., to peal;
to rumble, as thunder; to ring, 1 Sam.
4:5,

winihachi, n., a peal; a rumbling.

winnakachi, v.a.i., to shake; to quake;
yakni at winnakachi, the earth shakes;
iti at winnakachi, the tree shakes; win-
nakahanchi freq. form.

winnakachi, pp., shaken; jarred; jog-
gled; jolted; jounced,

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 365

winnakachi, n., a shake; a
jolt.

winnali, v. a. i. pl., to shake.

winnali, pp. pl., shaken.

winnalichi, v. t., to shake; to cause to
shake; to jar; to joggle; to jolt; to
jounce.

winnalichi, n., a jolter.

winnattakachechi, v. t. sing., to shock;
to cause a shock.

winnattakachi, v. i. sing., to shake.

winnattakachi, pp. sing., shaken.

winnattakachi, n.
shock.

wisakachi, v. a. i., to ripple; to wave;
wisakahanchi, freq., rippling.

wisakachi, n., water running in waves.

wisalichi, v. t., to ripple.

wisattakachi, n., a ripple; a wave.

wislichi, waslichi, n., a locust.

wishaha, vy. a. i., to wave and bend like
a plume; shikopa wishaha.

wishahchi, bishahchi, a., milch.

wishahchi, v. n., to be milch.

wishakchi, a., outmost; smallest; ex-
treme; belonging to the tip end.

wishakchi, v. n., to be outmost; wishak-
chechi, caus. form.

wishakchi, n., the top; the tip; the point;
the extremity; the apex; the summit;
the end; the tip end; the peak; the
pinnacle, Matt. 4: 5.

wishikachi, v. a. i., to spurt; to make a
noise in spurting out, like a stream of
blood from a vein.

wishilli, v. a. i., to spurt.

wishillichi, y. t., to spurt; to cause to
spurt.

quake; a

sing., a shake; a

wishki, n., whisky.

wishlichi, v. t., to milk, as a cow, etc.;
see bishlichi.

witekachi,
insects.

witikli, v. a. i., to move, as an insect.

witikwinli. witakwinli, v. a. i. sing.,
to move, as an insect.

woha, v. a. i., to bellow, as a bull; to
bray, as an ass; to low, as a cow; to
bark, as a dog; to howl, as a wolf; to
waul,

woha, n., a bellowing; a howl.

wohola, y. a. i., to expand, likethe lower
skirts and garments,

vy. a. i. pl., to move, as

366 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

woholachi, causative; isht ilewoholachi, a
lady’s hoop.

wohwah, wohwa, v. a. i., to bark; to
howl; to yelp.

wohwoha, wohwoa, v. a. i., to bark; to
howl; to yelp; nashoba yat wohwoa, the
wolf barks.

wokkokli, v. t. sing., to throw up the
earth, as a mole when rooting under-
ground.

wokokoa, pp., ground turned or thrown
up as by a mole.

wokokonli, pl. freq., to throw up the
earth as moles when rooting.

wokokonlichi, pl., to root up, as a hog.

wokonlichi, v. t., to root up the earth,
asa hog or mole; awokonlichi, n., the
place rooted up.

wolichi, v. t., to bark at, as a dog; to
yelp; to bay; ofi at hatak an wotichi.

wotobli, v. t. sing., to split, shiver, and
break to pieces; wuti, pl.

wononutkachi, a., fuzzy; hairy.

wonuksho, vy. a. 1., to be hairy.

wonuksho, n., the inner or shorter hair
of a hog and small feathers of a fowl.

woshoha, v. t., to root, as a hog.

woshoki, n., phlegm; spittle when a
person has a cold; hotilhko woshoki;
woshokachi, n., same.

wosholichi, v. t., to root, as a hog.

woshulli, see wushulli.

woshushuk, n., a noise heard in the
inside of a living body, as the rumbling
of the bowels.

woshushukachi, vy. a. i., to makesuch a
noise; to say woshushuk.

wowoha, wowoa, v. i., to bark; to
howl; to yelp.

wuklo, vy. a. i., to molt, or cast off the
skin as a serpent does.

wulhko, y. a. i., to blister; to fester;
nipt at wulhko.

wulhko, pp., blistered; vesicated; to-
wulhko, Rey. 16: 9.

wulhko, n., a blister; a thin bladder on
the skin containing water or blood; a
blain; a vesicle.

wulhkochi, v. t., to blister; to cause to
blister; to vesicate; towulhkochi, Rey.
16: 8.

wulhkuchi, n., a blister; a plaster ap-
plied to raise a blister or vesicle.

wula, v. i., to split; to shiver.

[BULL. 46

wula, pp., split; shivered; uski at wuta.

wuli, v. t. pl., to split; to shiver any-
thing that is hollow, as a cane or reed.

wulobli, wulubli, v. t., tosplit; to shiver;
to sliver.

wulobli, n., shivering.

wulopa, v. a. i., to split; to shiver.

wulopa, sing., split; shivered; bruised
to pieces.

wulubli, see wutobli.

wushohachi, v. a. i., to ferment; to
work; n., working; fermentation.

wushulli, woshulli, vy. a. i., to ferment;
to form a froth on the surface; wosho-
hachi, to ferment.

wushulli, n., a fermentation.

wushulli, pp., fermented.

wushullichi, v. t., to ferment: to cause
fermentation.

wushwoki, a., slimy; thin, applied to
stools of the sick.

ya, art., the; see a and ha, Tama, yan,
Thamar, her; Matt. 1: 3.

ya, emphatic; see okcharki yd, 1 Sam. 2:
15; chishno ya ‘‘to thee,’”’ 2 Kings 9: 5.

ya, rel. pro., who; which; the one who,
etc.; see a and ha.

yabata, yobota, a., flying, as clouds.

yaboboa, a., mellow, like ripe fruit.

yaboboa, v. n., to be mellow.

yabosha, a. pl., soft; mellow.

yabosha, vy. n., to be soft or mellow.

yaboshachi, v. t., to make soft; to soften.

yabushki, v. n., to be mellow.

yabushli, a. sing., mellow; soft; spongy.

yabushli, v. n., to be mellow, soft,
spongy.

yatfa, n., a large scar; a crease in the
skin without a wound, as in the palm
of the hand and finger joints.

yahapa, Vv. a. i., to scream; to shout; to
racket; to make a racket; isht yahapa,
y. t., to shout; allat yahapa.

yahapa, n., a screaming; a shouting; a
racket; a riot; a shout; an uproar.

yahapa, n., a screamer; a shouter.

yahapa, a., rude; boisterous; noisy.

yahna, see yanha.

yahyachechi, v. t., to trot; to cause to
trot; to make him trot.

yahyachi, v. a.i., totrot; isuba hat yahya-
chi.

yahyachi, n., a trotter,

ery

BYINGTON]

yahyachi, n., a trot.

yaiya, v. a. i., to cry; to weep; to moan;
to howl; to wail; to lament; to beweep;
to bewail; to bleat, as sheep, and to
screak; to scream; to screech; to shriek;
to snivel; to squall; to squeal; to wail;
to whimper; hachityaiyaka, we have
mourned unto; hachikyaiyoshke, ye have
not lamented; ayahanya, there crying,
Matt. 8: 12; yaharya, Matt. 13: 50; isht
yaiya, Vv. t., to ery on account of or
about; tolament; to moan; isht ikyaiyo,
a., unwept; ilimyaiya, to ery for each
other, as Joseph and Benjamin, Gen.
45: 14,

yaiya, n., obsequies; a funeral cry, ete.

yaiya, n., a weeper.

yaiya, n., acrying; a cry; one who cries;
a mourner; a mourning; a shriek; a
squall; a wail; a wailing, Matt. 13: 42.

yaiya, a., mournful.

yaiya shali, n., a sniveler; one who is
addicted to erying.

yak, art., the; see ak and hak, Matt.
17: 25; yak on, the, Matt. 14: 5, 10;
yak, rel. pro., see ak and hak; yak-
banno, Matt. 4: 4; yako, pro., this
or thus; yak avsha, they are here; yakot,
thus; yak ahaya, he said this or thus;
yakatshwa, they are here; yakahanchi,
Matt. 13: 24; yakitonlalishke, 1 Sam. 3:
4; yak hikialishke, 1 Sam. 3: 5; yako
hikia, to stand thus or here.

yak, ady., thus; yak achishke, thus saith;
2 Kings 9: 3, 6; 2 Sam. 24: 12, here;
yak hinlishke, yak ashashke, 2 Sam. 24:
22:

yak, ady., here; yakanta, he is here; yak
manya, Matt. 4: 3.

yaki, yakeh, lo; look here; behold; see;
come, John 4: 29; behold, Matt. 12: 2;
Josh. 7:21.

yaklash, yakolush, n., a jug; an earthen
jug.

yakmichi, yakohmichi, y. a. i., to do
thus.

yakni, n., the earth, Matt. 11: 25; Josh.
2: 11; the world; land; soil; ground;
nation; coast, Matt. 15: 39; 16: 13;
country; empire; kingdom; province;
state; a continent; district; dust; the
globe; territory; yakni is compounded
with the name of a people to express
the name of their country, as Chu

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

367

yakni, Judea, or the land of the Jews;
imyakni, home, his land, their coasts,
Matt, 8: 34; inyakni aiatta, home born;
yakni achafa, one country.

yakni, a., temporal; worldly.

yakni achukma, n., good land; a good
country; fertile land.

yakni ahalaia, n., secular; terrestrial.

yakni aiali, n., the coast; the land’s end.

yakni anu"ka waya, n., ground peas;
groundnuts; peanuts.

yakni anutkaka, n., the inside of the
earth, or under the ground.

yakni anu"kaka, a.,
underground.

yakni anu"kaka lua, n., a volcano; a

- burning underground.

yakni apisa ali, n., a landscape.

yakni atoksali, n., cultivated
yakni ikatoksalo, n., wild land.

yakni alhpisa, n., a plot.

yakni alhpisa hikia, n., a landmark.

yakni ali, n., the end of the land; the
edge of the land; a frontier.

yakni bala,n., ground peas; ground-
nuts.

yakni basha, n., plowed land.

yakni bashli, v.t., to plow.

yakni bikeli, n., a tongue of land.

yakni bukli,n., a gopher, by some called
yumbak, or yakni bokli.

yakni bunto, n., around hill; a mound.

yakni chiluk, n., a cave; acavern; a pit;
aholein theground; achasm; a fissure;
a hole; a hollow.

yakni chuta, n., surveyed land; land
surveyed and laid off in sections; sec-
tions of land; lots.

yakni chuli, v. t., to survey land; to lay
off land in sections; to run off land.

yakni chumpa, n., a land speculator.

yakni foi, n., the yellow jacket’s nest or
comb; a yellow jacket; a small yellow
wasp.

yakni foishke, n., a yellow jacket; a
small yellow wasp.

yakni fullota, yakni fullota moma, n.,
all over the world; the circuit or cir-
cumference of the earth; a region.

yakni haiaka, n., a desert, Luke 1: 80;
Matt. 4: 1; a wilderness, Luke 3: 2,
Matt. 11: 7; 15: 33; Josh. 1: 4; 8: 15.

yakni haknip, n., a continent.

yakni hichukbi, n., a cave.

subterraneous;

land;

368 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

yakni hichukbi aiatta, v.a. i., to cave;
to live in a cave; to den.

yakni hofobi, n., a ditch, Luke 6: 39.

yakni i"kaniohmi, n., coasts of, Matt.
15; 21.

yakni ikapatafo, n., a balk; a place not
plowed.

yakni iklana pilla, a., inland.

yakni iklanna apakfoyupa, n., the
equator.

yakni ikonlo, n., an isthmus.

yakni imafo, n., a black lizard, called
“‘oround puppy.”’

yakni impota, v. t., to rent land; to let
out land.

yakni impota, n., a renter; a lessor.

yakni isht ahalaia, a., earthly; earthy;
pertaining to the earth.

yakni isht alhpisa, n., a land measure;
a rod; a mile, etc.; a surveyor’s chain.

yakni isht alhpisa holisso, n., a map.

yakni isht kula, n., a spade.

yakni isht patafa, n., a plow.

yakni isht patafa tali, n., a plowshare.

yakni isht patafa tikbithika, n., a col-
ter.

yakni kolukbi, n., a ditch; a drain; a
gulf.

yakni kolukbichi, v. t., to ditch; to ex-
cavate; to dig a hollow.

yakni kula, v. a. i., to mine.

yakni kula, n., aditch, Matt. 15:14; dug
earth; a dug pit; a pit, Matt. 12: 1ll;a
mine; a dike.

yakni kula ayanalli, n., a trench; a
drain.

yakni kula tamaha apakfopa, n., a
moat.

yakni kulli, v. t., to mine; to dig the
earth; to spade.

yakni kullit tamaha apakfobli, v. t.,
to moat.

yakni lapushkichi, v. t., to harrow land.

yakni lumbo, n., the round earth; the
earth; the globe; the world; a ball of
earth.

yakni lu4sa, n., the world; the earth; the
dark world, contrasted with heaven.

yakni labeta, n., a marsh.

yakni matali, n., a plain; level ground,
Luke 6: 17; Josh. 4: 13.

yakni moma, n., the world, John 4: 42;
the whole earth, Josh. 3: 13.

[ BULL. 46

yakni nanih foka, n., a hill country,
Luke 1: 39.

yakni niachi, v. t., to fertilize; to enrich
land; to manure land.

yakni nushkobo, n., a peninsula.

yakni okhata chito pit shamali, n., a
cape; land that extends into the sea.

yakni okpulo, n., bad land; a bad
country.

yakni patafa, pp., furrowed land; _fal-
lowed land.

yakni patafa isht lapushkichi, n., a
harrow.

yakni pataiya, n., flat land.

yakni patali, n., a plain; Josh. 3: 16;
12: 3.

yakni pataffi, v. t., to fallow; to furrow;
to plow.

yakni pataffi, n., a plowman.

yakni patassa, n., a flat; flat land.

yakni pattasachi iskitini, n., a plat.

yakni patussachi, n., a plain.

yakni pisat aya, v. t., to spy.

yakni pota, v. t., to take land by a
lease.

yakni pota, n., a tenant; a lessee.

yakni pota, n., a lease.

yakni shila, n., the earth; the dry
ground,

yakni winakachi, n., an earthquake.

yakohmi, see yakomi.

yakohmi, a., being after this fashion,
way, manner, or custom; being thus;
this sort; these, Matt. 18: 6. Perhaps
this word is compounded of yak and
ohmi.

yakohmi, v. n., to be thus; to be so; to
be on this wise; to come to pass; atuk-
on yakohmitok, and. it came to pass,
Matt. 7: 28.

yakohmi, v. a. i., to do so; as eyakohmi,
we do so; to come to pass, Josh. 1: 1;
2: 5; ilappa yakohmi na, Acts 16: 18;
yakohormi, Josh. 6: 3.

yakohmi, pp., done so.

yakohmi, adv., thus; so; na yimmi chinto
yakohmi ka akapesoshke, | have not seen
so great faith in, pro. form, Matt. 8: 10.

yakohmichi, y. t., to do after this man-
ner, Matt. 6: 9; 8: 9; to do it thus,

Marks '2.172 ili: 283\ = 'so22. Matta onli.

yakohmiechi pro. form; yakomihinchi
freq. form.

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY

yakohmika, n., this way; this fashion;
this place.

yakohmika ko®, ‘‘this is the cause,”’
Josh. 5: 4.

yakoke, int., expressing thanks
pleasure, when spoken quickly.

yakoke, int. of regret, when spoken
slowly.

yakoke ahni, v. a. i., to thank; to feel
thankful; yakoke chimaiahnilishke, Matt.
11; 25.

yakolush, n., an earthen jug; same as
lukfi kotoba; see yaklash.

yakomi, yakohmi, pro. pl., these; sev-
eral; these here; hatak yakohmi, these
men, Acts 16: 17; yakohmi kakoke, ‘‘are
these,’’ Matt. 10: 2; na yakohmi, these
things, Matt. 11: 25.

yakosi, n., a short time.

yakosi, adv., instantly.

yakosi itintakla, adv., suddenly, Luke
22 03.

yakosi ititakla, a., instantaneous; mo-
mentary; sudden.

yakosi ititakla, adv., anon; immedi-
ately; forthwith.

yakosi ititakla, yakosi itintakla, n.,
a moment of time, Luke 4: 5; an in-
stant; a moment; a second.

yakot, see yak.

yalabli, v. t., to do this.

yalallaha, yalalloha, n., a quagmire;
see lukchuk yalallaha.

yalatha, v. a.i., to tremble or quiver;
as meat just after being killed, and
while it is butchered.

yalatha, n., a spasm or quivering of the
flesh; a local quivering or twitching of
the flesh.

yalattakachi, v. a. i. pl., to quiver; to
twitch.

yalattakachi, n. pl., spasms; quiverings.

yalubba, yaloba, n., a tadpole; a pol-
liwog; a young frog.

yalus, halu®s, n., a leech; a blood-
sucker; see yasunla.

yaluts chito, n., the horse-leech.

yamaska, v. t., to knead; to work over
mortar, clay, ete.

yamasli, v. t., to knead; to work over
mortar, clay, ete.

yananta, v. n., to run along, as clouds
or water.

yananta, n., a running; a flying.

84339°—Bull, 46—15——_24

or

OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

369

yanalli, a., running; flowing; oka yanalli,
running water; ikyanallo, a., stagnant.

yanalili, v. a.i., to run, as water; to flow;
to glide; to pour; to go; to rill; to
stream; to trickle; to trill; oka yat
yanalli; yanahanli, freq. form.

yanalli, n., a current of water; a flux; a
run; astream; a tide.

yanallichi, vy. t., to cause to run.

yanallit issa, v. a. i., to stagnate; to stop
running.

yanha, yanha, v. a. i., to have a fever.

yanha, n., a fever.

yano, yano (see ano, hano), the, Matt.
13: 48.

yanusi, nan anusi (q. v.), a cry for the
dead; obsequies.

yanushkichi, Ch. Sp. Book, p. 60.

yasinti, iasinti, n., an eel.

yasunla, n., a leech (Sixtowns dialect).
[The best informed Sixtowns Indians
have informed me that Hasunlawi, the
Choctaw original from which the name
of Sooenlovie creek has been corrupted,
isitself a corruption of yaswnlabi, mean-
ing leech-killer. On d’Anville’s map
of 1732 the name Sonlahoue is applied
to the Chickasahay river; later it was
transferred or restricted to the present
stream socalled.—H.8.H.] See yaluns.

yash, yashke (see ash and hash); ohoyo
himita yash, the damsel; Matt. 14: 11;
yasho; yashosh, Matt. 5: 25; leplosi yash-
osh, his said leprosy, Matt. 8: 3.

Yashu, n., nameof a creek; perhaps from
iahashon.

yatapa, v. a. i., to open wider, like a
hole in the flesh; used by butchers in
stretching up a carcass by the ham-
strings, which open, etc.

yatabli, v. t., to widen.

yatosh, see hatosh.

yatoshba, see hatoshba.

yatotoa, a., mellow, like ripe fruit.

yatotoa, y. n., to be mellow.

yattotu"kachi, a., soft; yatokachi.

yattotu"kachi, vy. n., to be soft.

yatuk (see atuk, hatuk); yatukokano, the,
Matt. 8: 12; yatuka”, Josh. 4: 18; yatuk-
ma, the, Matt. 13: 34; yatukmat, the;
chuka yatukmat, the house, Matt. 10: 13.

yatush, adv., alias; otherwise; sinti,
yatush Setan sinti holba ashosh, If a% im-

370

anumpulit yakimachitok; see Scrip. Biog.,
Vol. I, p. 31; see atush.

yatushki, a., soft; mellow, like ripe
peaches.

yatushki, v. n., to be soft; v. a. i., to
mellow.

yatushkichi, v. t., to soften; to make
mellow; to mellow.

yatushkoa, a. pl., soft; mellow.

yatushkoa, v. n., to be soft.

yatushkuli, vy. t. pl., to soften; to mel-
low.

yau, adv., yes; yea; yau, chitokaka ma,
Matt. 9: 28; 13: 51; some persons say
yoh, but it is not in the best taste.

yauaha, a., wide apart, as rows of corn;
coarse, as the teeth of a comb or rake.

yauaha, vy. n., to be wide apart.

yauahachi, y. t., to place wide apart.

yauasha, see yauashka.

yaualli, a., partly dry, like the earth.

yaualli, y. n., to be partly dry; yakni at
yaualli, tanchi at yaualli, na foka yat
yaualli.

yauashka, yauaska, yauasha, n., the
withers of a horse.

yauityaui, v. a. i., to be dim sighted; san-
ishkin at yauityaui, as though crooked
hairs or kinked threads were played
before the eye; to be misty, hardly
visible.

yauolichi, v. a. i., to itch.

yauolichi, n., an itching, 2 Tim. 4: 3.

ya™wa, v. a.i., to cry; to mew; to cater-
waul, as a cat; to waul.

yalwa, n., a mewing.

yatya, n., a mourner; hatak yanya, a
mourning man.

yafimpa, v. a. i., to be wrinkled or
streaked, as the flesh; to be ribbed;
yafihinya, yafihinkachi, and yaffifonah,
pl., wrinkled; striped, as the flesh
which has lain on hard objects.

yahmichi (not yohmichi), v. t., to cause
it to he so.

yala, n., a grubworm; a large yellow dirt
worm, short and thick.

yalhki, n., feces; dung, 2 Kings 9: 37;
dross of metals; ordure; excrements;
scoria; iryalhki, smut; rust, a disease of
grain, as tanchi inyalhki, onush inyalhki.

yamichahe keyu, a., impracticable; in-
capable; ikyamicho, v. t., to omit; to
neglect.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL.46

yamichi, n., a doer; aperformer; ikyam-
micho, n., a neglecter; an omission; a
neglect; negligence.

yamichi, n., a performance; ayamihinchi,
Matt. 11: 20; ilayamihchitok, we have
done, Matt. 7: 22; 8: 9.

yamihchi, yammichi, y. t., todo, Matt.
13: 54, 58; 17: 12; 2 Sam. 24: 10; Luke
4: 2; to fashion; to occasion; to per-
form; to perpetrate; to transact, Matt.
6: 80; Josh. 8: 8; nana kia yammicha
hinla, able to do anything; yammiht,
contracted form.

yamihchi, caus. form of yohmi, Matt.
13: 28; aiyamihchi, to do, Josh. 3: 5.

yamimma, see yammimina.

yamma, pro., that; those; them; these;
they; it, Matt. 8: 10; his, Matt. 8: 14;
him, Matt. 10: 4; them, Matt. 12: 27;
pro., he, 2 Kings 25:1; they, 2 Kings
25: 23; them, 2 Kings’ 25: 24; nitak
yamma, that day, Matt. 7: 22; yamia,
he, Matt. 11: 18; him, Matt. 14: 5;
yamma, is a demonstrative of person,
thing, and place; yamma refers to the
most distant objects and ilappa to the
nearest; yamma, ‘‘he,’’? Josh. 8: 14;
‘it,’ Josh. 8: 18. This demonstrative
often supplies the place of the def.
article and of the pronouns he, she, it,
they, them, their; yamma haklo kat,
heard it, Matt. 8: 10; yamma tekchi, his
wife, Matt. 8: 14; yamma puttaka, them,
Matt. 10: 18.

yamma, v. n., to be that; to be those.

yamma, the; yakni yamma, the country,
Joshi.

yamma, there; yonder; that way; there-
at; that place; yon; yond.

yamma, that is it; a word of approba-
tion often used by Choctaw while they
sit and hear others speak; like, well;
indeed.

yamma achi, v. a. i., to assent; to ap-
prove.

yamma itintakla, adv., thenceforth.

yammak, they, Matt. 6:2; asimple word
like ilappak, himak, himmak.

yammak, there; then; that instant, Luke
2: 38.

yammak achi, to say, Luke 13: 17.

yammak ash, them, Matt. 4: 24; chuka
yammakash, that house, Matt. 7: 25;
him, Matt. 9:10; 17:3; that, Matt. 10:27.

BYINGTON]

yammak asho®, thence, Matt. 9:9; him,
Matt. 8: 34; 9: 9.

yammak ashosh, she, Matt. 8: 15; he,
Matt. 12: 3.

yammak ashot, he, Matt. 8: 24.

yammak atuk a®, thence, Matt. 5: 26.

yammak atuk a2, thereof, Matt. 12: 36.

yammak atuk mako?®, n., sake; for the
sake of that.

yammak beka, a., only; only that.

yammak foka, adv., thereabouts, as to
time or place.

yammak fokalechi, v. a. i., to go or do
at random, by hazard, or by chance;
himak fokalechi (q. v.), to venture;
yammak fokalechit anumpuli, he talks at

‘random; yammak fokalechit ia, he goes
without a path or guide; yammak fok-
alechit ia hosh apissant ona, he went
straight there without path or guide.

yammak fokali, a., hazardous; venture-
some.
yammak fokali, v. n., to be hazardous;
yammak fokalit anya, to go at random;
yammak haloka, a word of contempt or
reproach; see makhaloka.
_yammak i2, same as; thus; so, John 3: 8.
yammak inli, a., the same, Luke 2: §;
themselves; even, Matt. 7: 17; ‘‘that
same,’’ Matt. 10: 19; 18: 1, 49; 15: 22.
yammak int, the same.
yammak kia, likewise; that too.
yammak ma, him also, 2 Kings 9: 27.
yammak o, at; therein; that; thereby;
whereby; wherein; whereof.
yammak o®? isit that? is it so?
now (i. e., ready), etc.?
yammak oka, it, Matt. 7: 14; there,
Matt. 8:12; them, Matt. 10: 26; yam-
mak okato.
yammak okmato, then, Matt. 12: 29.
yammak osh, that one; which, Matt.
10: 20.
yammano, that, Luke 10: 31.

is it

yammaska, pp., kneaded; mixed; work-
ed, as mortar.

yammaska, n., dough.

yammat, a., that.

yammato, yammato, that one.

yammi, a., full.

yammi, pp., salted; sated; saturated;
sweetened; impregnated; cloyed, Mark
9: 49; haknip at okahomi yammi; kafi at

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

371

hapi champuli yammi; oka homi saiammi,
I am full of whisky.

yammichi, vy. t., to salt; to sweeten; to
mix; tocloy; to saturate; to sate; to
satiate; to impregnate; to preserve, as
meat with salt; itiammichi, to blend;
to mix.

yammichi, see yamihchi.

yammimma, yamimma, (from yamma
and imma), adv., that way, John 7: 32;
Luke 19: 4.

yamohma hinla, a., practicable; prac-
tical.

yamohmahe alhpesa, a., necessary, or
it must be so.

yamohmahe alhpesachi, v. t., to ne-
cessitate.

yamohmahe alhpiesa, n., necessity.

yamohmahe keyu, a., impracticable;
yamohmi, from yamma and ohmi; chin-
yamohmahe keyu, shall not be unto thee,
Matt. 16: 22.

yamohmi, v. a. i., v. t., to do, Matt. 4:
Le7e 12,20; John2: 18. 372° Luke 4223:
ayamohni, do there, Matt. 6: 2; to be,
John 3: 9; to occur; to operate; to pass;
to practice; to transpire; to come to
pass; to take effect; to be done; Matt.
1: 23; yamohomi, to work, Acts 10: 35;
aiyamohii, Josh. 4: 8; 7: 20; yamohmi-
chatuk, accustomed to do so.

yamohmi, adv., so as; so on; like that.

yamohmi, n., an operator; a practicer.

yamohmi, n., a fashion; a way; a mode;
an event; a manner; an operation; a
practice; the ton; the treatment.

yamohmi ho, wherefore; whereupon.

yamohmi hoka, therefore; whereas;
whereat.

yamohmi kako, thereupon.

yamohmikia, but, Luke 4: 26.

yamohmikma, and; moreover; further-
more.

yamohmima, and so, Luke 4: 5.

yanakachi, y. a. i., to move, as a serpent.

yanha, yanha, yahna, v. n., to havea
fever; to be sick, Matt. 8: 14.

yanha, n., a fever; a hectic; yanha kat,
the fever, Matt. 8: 15.

yanha chito, n., a high fever; a bilious
fever.

yanha chohmi, a., feverish.

yanha fehna, n., a great fever, Luke
4: 38,

372

yanha foka, n., an inflammation.

yanha isht shipachi ikhi"sh, n., a feb-
rifuge.

yanhachi, vy. t., to produce a fever; to
cause a fever; to heat; to induce a
fever; ayanhachi, to produce a fever
thereby.

yannash, n., a buffalo; a bison.

yannash hakshup, n., a buffalo skin;
a buffalo robe.

yannash i®lukfapa, n., a buffalo lick.

yannash ushi, n., a buffalo calf; a
young buffalo.

yannash ushi cheli, v. t., to calve; to
bring forth a young buffalo.

yano, see yano.

yanoba, a., feverish.

yanoba, v. n., to be feverish.

yappalli, to walk slowly and softly, not
with a hard tread, 1 Sam. 15: 32.

yaslichi, v. t., to scratch, as a dog for an
animal in the ground.

yat, the; who, etc.; Hatak ushi yat, “the
Son of Man,’’ iti achukma yat, a good
tree, Matt. 7: 18; ant yat okpulo yon,
evil fruit, Matt. 7: 17.

yato; inlaka yato, others.

yichefa, pp., gripped; held by the hand
or claws.

yicheli, yicholi, v. t. pl., to catch with
the hands, fingers, or claws and have a
strong hold.

yichiffi, v. t., to catch, seize, grip, or
grasp, with the hand, claws, paws
talons, etc., but not strongly; to grap-
ple; to pounce; yichiffit isht kanchi, to
catch away, Matt. 13: 19.

yichiffi, n., a catcher; a grasper.

yichiffichi, y. t., to cause to seize; to en-
grasp; to grapple; to grasp.

yichiffit ishi, v. t., to clinch; to seize
and hold, or take; to clutch; to grab;
to grip.

yichina, y. a. i., to stretch the limbs; to
yawn; to exert; to flounce; to flounder;
to strain; to struggle; to toil.

yichina, n., a strain; a struggle.

yichinachi, yichinachi, v. a. i., tostrain;
to cause to exert all the powers.

yichinnikahchih, y. a. i., to make a sud-
den and strong effort.

yicholi, see yicheli.

yichowa, pp., seized; caught; grappled;
held,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

yihina, a., gaunt.

yihina, vy. n., to be gaunt.

yikefa, pp., taken hold of and drawn off.

yikiffi, v. t., to catch hold of the skin
and draw it up or off from the flesh, as
when one pinches and pulls the cheeks,
or the skin on a dog’s back; ipaf
an yikiffi.

yikila, pp., stitched.

yikila, n., selvage.

yikitachi, y. t., to make a selvage.

yikili, v. t., to stitch.

yikihi, n., a stitcher.

yikilichi, vy. t., to stitch or to cause to
stitch.

yikkowa, yikowa, yikyua, v. a. i. (pl.
of yimyiki), to wrinkle; yikyuwachi, in
panrshi aiena ka yikyuachi, 1 Tim. 2: 9.

yikkowa, pp., wrinkled.

yikkowa, n., a wrinkle; a line.

yikoa, v. a.i., to go to a bee or frolic;
to collect together and work gratui-
tously for some person; yikoat iia.

yikoa, n., a bee; a frolic.

yikofa, pp., wrinkled.

yikoffa, n., a gnat.

yikoha, pp., girdled or wrinkled. —

yikokoa, yikoku™wa, pp., wrinkled;-
crisped; na foka yat yikokunwa.

yikoku®wa, n., wrinkles.

yikoli, v. t., to girdle a tree; to wrinkle;
to make a ridge or wrinkle; to en-
girdle; to crisp.

yikolichi, v. t., to cause to wrinkle.

yikopa, see yokopa.

yikota, pp., crisped; wrinkled; puckered
up; shriveled.

yikota, v. a. i., to wrinkle; to crisp; to
shrink; to shrivel.

yikotachi, v. t., to wrinkle; to cause to
wrinkle; to crisp.’

yikottakachi, n., a start; a crisp.

yikotua, v. a. i. pl., to wrinkle; to crisp.

yikotua, pp., wrinkled; crisped.

yikotua, n., wrinkles; crisps.

yikowa, yikkowa, yikyua; yikyuachi,
to broider (hair), 1 Tim. 2: 9; to curl
hair.

yikowachi, v. t., to wrinkle.

yikulli, v. t., to wrinkle, to pucker up,
as by putting fire on leather; toshrivel.

yikutkachi, v. a. i. pl., to shrink; to
crisp.

yikutkachi, pp. pl., shrunk; crisped.

BYINGTON]

yikyua, see yikkowa, yikowa.

yiteha, a., fallen, as trees.

yitepa, n., a rout.

yilepa, v. a. i. pl. (see yitibli, transitive,
Josh. 7: 22), to run; to move, or pass
quickly, on the feet, on wheels, or on
water; to course; to rush; to scamper;
to flee, 1 Sam. 4: 10; onyitepa, to storm;
to run upon, Josh. 8: 20; inyitepa, to
flee from them, Josh. 7: 4; 8: 6, 20; yi-
tepa fehnat, ran violently, etc., Matt.
8: 32; yitepat, fled, etc, i. e., together
and not singly, Matt. 8: 33; itinyitepa,
to run from each other.

yilepachi, y. t., to cause to run.

yilepoa, pl., to run.

yilepoachi, v. t., to cause to run.

yilibli, v. t. pl., to run; to rout; to sail;
to cause them to run or to sail; pent
yitibli; iti chanalli an yitibli; isuba han
yitibli; see yitepa, Vv. a. i.

yitishachi, v. a. i., to dodge; to be quick
in motion, applied to the heart also; to
start from a fright, or it may be an ex-
clamation of surprise or fear.

yitiya, v. a. i., to start; to tremble; to
struggle, like a dying beast.

yiminta, n., a sally.

yiminta, yimmita, yimita, a., pp., ani-
mated; strenuous; zealous; lively; earn-
est; engaged; aroused; spirited.

yiminta, v. n., to be animated.

yiminta, y. a. i., to cheer.

yiminta, n., animation; courage; excite-
ment.

yiminta atapa, n., enthusiasm.

yiminta atapa, a., enthusiastic.

yiminta keyu, a., spiritless.

yimintachi, yimmitachi, v. t., to stimu-
late; to cheer; to encourage; to enliven;
to rear; to hearten; to embolden; to in-
spirit; to invigorate; to refresh; to
rouse; to spirit; to stimulate; to
strengthen.

yimita, see yiminta, yimmita.

yimmahe alhpesa, a., credible; iyim-
mahe keyu, a., incredible.

yimmi, ityimmi, y. a. i., to believe,
Matt. 11: 14; to have confidence; to
confide; to credit; to receive; to rely;
to repose; to trust; ikyimino, ikiyimmo,
v. t., to disbelieve; not to believe; to
distrust; to be faithless; to misgive; to
scruple; to unbelieve; a., faithless; in-

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

373

fidel; skeptical; iliyimmi, to believe in
himself; iliyimmi, a., opinionated.

yimmi, vy. n., to be convinced; sayim-
mi, | am convinced.

yimmi, pp., cheated; deceived; fooled;
convinced; credited; deluded; gulled.

yimmi, a., confident; sanguine.

yimmi, n., belief; a believer; a fiduci-
ary; chiyimmi, thy faith, Matt. 9: 22;
na yimmi, a believer, Matt. 6: 30; in-
yimmi, credit; reliance; trust; ikyim-
mo, unbelief; an unbeliever; askeptic.

yimmi shali, a., credulous.

yimmichi, y. t., to cause to believe,
whether true or false; to deceive; to be-
fool; to cheat; to cog; to convince; to
delude; to disappoint; to dupe; to fool;
to gull; to mock; to sham; to wheedle.

yimmichi, n., a cheat; a cheater; a de-
ceiver; a deluder.

yimmihechi, y. t., to cause to believe.

yimmita, yiminta, pp., stimulated;
excited; enlivened; inspirited; invigo-
rated; refreshed; vivified.

yityikechi, v. t., to crook; to twist; to
cockle, as cloth; to curl; to furrow;
to ruffle; to rumple; to wrinkle.

yityiki, yiyi"ki, a., pp., crooked, curling,
worming; zigzag; twisting; cockled;
curled; furrowed; rumpled; ruffled;
wrinkled; winding and crooked like
the ridge of a hill.

yityiki, v. n., to be crooked, curling,
winding, like a dividing ridge.

yityiki, v. a. i., to cockle, as cloth; to
curl; to ruffle; to wrinkle.

yityiki, n., a furrow; a ruffle; a wrinkle.

yo, yo, art., the, see o and ho; chuka yor,
‘Can house,’’ Matt. 10: 12; yé is the
form in the imperative, as akaiyd,
‘do let me go,’’? making yo the helping
verb do; yo, rel. pro., who, ete.; ani
okpulo yon, Matt. 7: 18; nanih chaha yor,
a mountain, Matt. 17: 1. Compounds:
yocha—yoka—yokaka—yokakano —yoka-
kant—yokakanto— yokakat — yokakato —
yokakhe— yokakheno—yokakhet— yokak-
heto— yokakkia—yokakon — yokakocha—
yokakona— yokakosh — yokakot—yokano,
yokano, Matt. 11: 22; inla yokano, Matt.
15: 24; yokat; ano yokat, for I am, Matt.
8: 9, yokato; iti okpulo yokato, Matt. 7:
17; distinctive, as for the corrupt tree,
in distinction from other trees; ahopo-

374

yuksa yokato, wisdom, Matt. 11:19; 17:
26—yoke—yokia, yohkia —yokomo—yo-
kono—yona—yosh—yot.

yoba, perhaps; can, John 3: 27 [?]; lest;
peradventure; perchance; yoba hinla
kd, Mark 11: 18; Josh. 9: 7; mintahe
mak yoba tukosh, Luke 10:31.

yoba, v. n., it may be.

yobaheto, perhaps not.

yobakma, if it may be, Josh. 14: 12; hi-
obakma, if it shall, etc., Matt. 18: 13.

yobana, lest, Josh. 2: 16; 2 Tim. 2: 25.

yobota, v. a. i., to fly, as the clouds; see
yabata.

yohabli, yuhabli, yuhapli, v. t., to
slacken; to loosen; to relax.

yohablichi, v. t., to cause to slack; to
loosen.

yohapa, yuhapa, v. a. i., to loosen; to
slack; to slacken; to stretch.

yohapa, yuhapa, pp., a., loosened;
slackened; lax; slack; stretched, as a
rope.

yohapa, n., slackness.

yohapachi, v. a. i., to lope.

yohapat, adv., slackly.

yohapoa, v. a. i. pl., to loosen.

yohapoa, pp., loosened.

yohapoli, y. t., to slacken them.

yohbi, a., mild; serene; pleasant; fine;
halcyon; lenient; meek; pacific; pure;
urbane.

yohbi, v.n., to be mild, serene, or pleasant.

yohbi, v. a. i., to relent.

yohbi,n., mildness; lenity; pureness; pur-
ity; refinement; sanctity; serenity;
stillness; suavity.

yohbi, pp., sanctified.

yohbi keyu, a., relentless.

yohbichi, yohbiechi, y. t., to make it
mild; to render pleasant; to pacify; to
refine; to sanctify.

yohbichi, n., a sanctifier; sanctification.

yohhuna, a., gaunt.

yohhuna, v. n., to be gaunt.

yohhunachiy, y. t., to make gaunt.

yohma himma keyu, a., impossible.

yohma hinla, a., possible.

yohmahe ahoba keyu, a., improbable.

yohmahe keyu, a., incapable.

yohmi, vy. t.; nana achukma ka yohmi, to
do good things.

yohmi, yuhmi, a., so; this way; after
such a way; such, Matt. 9: 8; such

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

power; ikyuhmo, unaccustomed;
common.

yohmi, ady., thus.

yohmi, y. n., to be so; sayohmi chatuk,
to do so, Matt. 9: 19; ikyuhmi ahni, v. t.,
to concede; yuhmikeyu achi, v. t., to con-
tradict; to deny that it is so.

yohmi, v. a. i., to do so, John 4: 28;
Luke 6: 46; ayohmi, to do, Matt. 12: 2;
ayohmi, to do so there or in, Matt. 6: 10;
aiyohmi, Josh. 2: 21.

yohmi, n.,a custom; a fashion; a manner;
away; yohmi hohbeka, Luke 4: 16.

yohmi aialhpesa, v. a. i., to become; to
fit; to suit.

yohmi alhpesa, v. a. i., must.

yohmi chatuk keyu, a., unnatural; un-
wonted.

yohmi fehna keyu, a., unusual.

yohmi hoka, therefore, Matt. 7: 24; 12:
27; Loss:

yohmi hokmano, then, Matt. 20: 23[?].

yohmi hokmat, if so be, Matt. 18: 13.

yohmi ka, therefore, Luke 4: 7; for, Luke
4: 10.

yohmi kat, therefore.

yohmi kia, ady., notwithstanding, 2
Sam. 24: 4; although; although it is so;
and; but, John 1: 83; howbeit; never-
theless; Matt. 10: 19; 13: 32; 2 Sam.
24: 3.

yohmi nana kia, notwithstanding, Matt.
aa Ue

yohmima, and; then; when it was so,
Luke 3: 11, 12; therefore, John 4: 33;
yohmikma, ‘‘and then;”’ and; Matt. 7:
23, 26; then, Matt. 18: 19.

yohmimat, and.

yohmit itintakla, n., an instant; while
it was so.

yohmit pisa, v. t., to experiment; to try
to do so.

yok, see ok. Compounds: yoke; yakni haia-
kayoke, Matt. 14: 15; yokma; opiakayok-
ma, when it is evening, Matt. 16: 2;
yokma; chuka yokmd, or house; iki
yokmé, or father; ishki yokmd, or mother,
Matt. 10:14; ushi yokmd, or son; ushetik
okmd, or daughter, Matt. 10: 37-—yok-
maka — yokmakano — yokmakato — yok-
makhe—yokmakheno—yokmakheto— yok-
mako, yokmakoh; abeka yokmakoh chatuk
oke, they that are sick, Matt. 9: 12;
yokmakocha —yokmakoka — yokmakoka-

un-

BYINGTON]

no — yokmakoke —yokmakokia—yokma-
kokat —yokmakokato — yokmakona— yok-
makosh — yokmakot — yokmano — yok-
mat—yokmato.

yokbano, see hokbano.

yokopa, yikopa, n., a calm; a pause;
quietness; yokopa aiattit talaia tok,
there was a great calm, Matt. 8: 26.

yokopa, yikopa, v. a. i., to grow quiet;
to calm; to cease, Matt. 14:32; to stop;
to halt; to pause; to relax; to relent;
to remit; to rest; to be stayed, 2 Sam.
24: 21, 25.

yokopa, pp., quieted; calmed; ceased;
stopped; assuaged; quelled; quenched;
relaxed. :

yokopa, a., placid; quiet.

yokopa iksho, a., relentless.

yokopacha hinla, yikopacha hinla, a.,
quenchable.

yokopachi, yikopachi, vy. t., to quiet; to
calm; to ease; to assuage; to quell; to
quench; to relax; to remit.

yokopuli, yikopali, v. t., to allay; to
appease; to quiet.

yolulli, see yululli.

yopisa, y. a. i., to witness a sport or
play; to juggle.

yopisa, n., a spectator of plays or sports;
a looker-on; a bystander.

yopisa, n., an exhibition.

yopisachi, v. t., to display; v.a.i., to
juggle; to show.

yopoma, Gen. 34: 17; opoma, to mock.

yopula, a., jocose; jocular; ludicrous.

yopula, y. a. i., to joke; to jest; to wan-
ton; to revile, Matt. 5: 11; isht yopula,
y. t., to jeer; to joke, Matt. 9: 24; yopula-
li, Ljoke.,

yopula, n., a jester; a joker.

yopula, n., irony; a jest; a joke.

yopula shaii, a., facetious; jocular; jovial;
wanton.

yopula shali, n., a zany.

yopullachi, caus. form; itayopullachi, to
talk about committing sodomy.

yopunla; yopunla keyu, a., earnest; not
in a joke.

yosh, art., a, lipsoli abi yosh, a leper,
Matt. 8: 2; used with nouns, while hosh
is used with verbs chiefly.

yoshoba, yoshuba, a., lost; out of the
way; gone astray; sinful; evil; wicked;

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

375

guilty; ill; immoral; iniquitous; repro-
bate; vicious; wanton, Matt. 18:12, 13.

yoshoba, v. n., to be lost; to be in the
wrong.

yoshoba, vy. a. i., to go out of the way;
to sin; to deviate; to err; to fall; to lose
the right way; to miss; to stray; to
stumble; to swerve; to trespass.

yoshoba, n., a sin; an error; folly; guilt;
harm; illness; impiety; iniquity; sin-
fulness; a transgression; a trespass; un-
cleanness.

yoshoba, n., an offender; a sinner; a
wanderer; a straggler; a trespasser.

yoshoba, pp., lost; misled; misguided;
perverted.

yoshoba hinla, a., peccable.

yoshoba keyu, a., innocent.

yoshobatokkia nukha"klo keyu, a.,
impenitent.

yoshobahe keyu, a., impeccable.

yoshobbi, yoshubi, vy. t., to mislead; to
lead out of the way; to lead into sin;
to misguide; to offend; to pervert; to
stumble.

yoshobbi, n., one who misleads; a per-
verter; one who offends or leads
astray; na yoshubi, ‘that offends,”
Matt. 18: 41; na yoshubli, n., a de-
ceiver, 2 John 1: 7.

yoshobiksho, a., sinless.

yoshobli, y. t., to lead out of the way;
to cause to err; to misguide, 1 Sam. 2:
24; to deceive, 2 John 1: 7.

yoshobli, n., one who misleads; a de-
ceiver.

yoshoblichi, vy. a. i., to deceive, Matt.
24: 4.

yuala, yuwala, n., disgust; contempt;
inyuwala, contempt for it.

yuala, yuwala, a., nauseous; disgusting;
sickening to the stomach; hateful;
odious; fulsome; obscene; offensive.

yuala, pp., shocked.

yuala, yuwala, y. n., to be nauseous; to
have a sick stomach; to be sick at the
stomach.

yuala, v. a. i., to glut; to loathe; to
nauseate.

yuala, n., a loather.

yuala hinla, a., loathsome; loathful.

yuala shali, a., squeamish.

yualachi, vy. t., to cause sickness at the
stomach; to render nauseous, disgust-

876 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

ing, etc.; to nauseate; yuwalachi, n., an
abomination; nan ashachi yuwalachi, 1
Kings 11: 5, 7.

yuha, v. a. i., to run through a sifter,
riddle, ete.

yuha, pp., sifted; riddled; bolted; gar-
bled.

yuhapa, a., boisterous; noisy; see yahapa.

yuhapa, vy. n., to be boisterous; noisy,
yuhapoa; yuhapoli.

yuhapa, n., a noise.

yuhabli, yuhapli, see yohabli.

yuhchashali, y. a. i., to stand up like
the hair, or the feathers of a horned
owl, or a plume.

yuhchonoli, y.a. i., to bow the head; to
hold the head down; yuhchonolimat
illitok, he bowed his head and died.

yuhchunni, y. a. i. sing., to bow the
head; to nod, John 13: 24; yuhchun-
nolih.

yuhchunukli, v. a. i., to bow the head
once, a single sudden act; v. t., imyu-
chunukli, to beckon to him, Luke 1: 22;
aka yuhchunuklimat fiopissatok, John
19: 30.

yuhe, n., a large hickory nut.

yuka, a., captivated; bond-bound, Josh.
9: 23; ikyuko, free.

yuka, pp., captured; enslaved; impris-
oned; constrained; taken; enchained;
subjected.

yuka, n., acaptive; a prisoner; a slave;
a bondman; a vassal.

yuka, n., confinement; custody; thrall;
thraldom.

yuka ahalaia, a., slavish.

yuka anta,n., captivity; in bonds; in
chains; in bondage.

yuka a¥sha, n., servitude; bondage; vas-
salage.

yuka atta, a., slaveborn.

yuka chohmi, a., servile.

yuka hatak, n., a bondman.

yuka issa, n., a ransom; a release.

yuka issa, pp., freed; emancipated; lib-
erated; enfranchised; manumitted; re-
leased.

yuka issachi, pp., liberated.

yuka issachi, v. t., tofree; toemancipate;
to liberate; to enfranchise; to manumit;
to release; to unchain,

yuka issachi, n.,an emancipator; a liber-
ator; a manumitter; an abolitionist.

[ BULL. 46

yuka issachi, n., emancipation; manu-
mission.

yuka keyu, a., free; not bound.

yuka keyu, n., freedom; liberty.

yuka keyut atta, a., freeborn.

yuka kucha, pp., emancipated; liberated.

yuka mika, n., a fellow-servant; fellow-
servants.

yuka ohoyo, n., a bond woman; a bond
maid.

yuka okla, n., anenslaved people; a tribu-
tary people.

yuka to®ksali, n., a bond servant.

yukabi, a., moistened; softened by being
wet.

yukachiy, vy. t., to capture; to enslave; to
imprison; to take captive; to take; to
deprive of liberty; to hold as a pris-
oner; to constrain; to pen a wild crea-
ture or other animal and then catch
him; to enchain; to subject; to sub-
jugate; yanash, isuba, shukha nukshopa
yukachi.

yukachi, n., a captor; an enslaver.

yukachit halanli, yukachit i4shi, n.,
a hostage.

yukahbi, v. a. i., to soften; to become
soft and pliable.

yukat a™sha, n., bondage.

yukbabi, n., the venereal disease; the
pox; see luak shalt.

yukoma, yupoma, vy. t., to waste; to
squander; to spend; nan isht yupoma,
to waste food about it, or him.

yukpa, v.a. i., to laugh; yukpali, yukpachi;
yokpa, glad; yokpalli, yokpachi (some
interpreters make these distinctions
between yokpa and yukpa) .

yukpa, a., glad; pleased; happy; joyful;
gay; merry; pleasant; good-humored;
good-natured; buxom; blithe; blessed;
gratified; amused; haleyon; amiable;
complacent; delighted; delightful; fa-
cetious; joyous; jocund; lightsome;
lively; merry; well-natured; yuppa,
Longtown form of this word; ikyukpo,
uncheerful; unhappy; unpleased.

yukpa, v. n., to be glad, pleased, etc.;
to be of good cheer, Matt. 9: 2; chi-
yukpashke.

yukpa, pp., refreshed; regaled; rejoiced;
pleased, Matt. 3: 17; blessed, Matt, 11:
6; made happy; charmed; diverted;

oe

BYINGTON]

elated; entertained; exhilarated; felici-
tated; gratified; joyed; recreated.

yukpa, n., joy; gladness; good nature;
delight; a smile; laughter; complacency;
exultation; glee; good humor; hilarity;
a laugh; mirth; recreation; suavity.

yukpa, advy., fain; gladly.

yukpa, v. a. i., to smile; to laugh; to re-
joice; to cheer; to chuckle; to delight;
to snicker; to suit; to titter; to twitter;
to exult; to giggle; to gladden; to
glory; to gratify; to joy; to simper;
to be pleased, Matt. 14: 6; ibaiyukpa, to
rejoice with, Luke 1:58; itibaiyukpa,
to rejoice together with.

yukpa, n., a laugher.

yukpa atapa, pp., enraptured; enray-
ished; a., rapturous.

yukpa hinla,a., placable; laughable; ris-
ible.

yukpa shali, n., a giggler.

yukpa shali, a., jolly; ticklish.

yukpahe keyu, a., difficult; he will not
be pleased.

yukpalechi, v. t., to amuse; to make
glad; to gratify; to beatify; to please;
to gladden; to joy; ikywkpalecho, v. t.,
to disoblige.

yukpali, v. t., to gladden; to please; to
give pleasure; to gratify; to beatify; to
benefit; toamuse; to bless, 1 Sam. 2:20;
Josh. 8:33; to make happy; to make
glad; to charm; to cheer; to delight; to
divert; to elate; to enrapture, to enrav-
ish; to entertain; to exalt; to exhila-
rate; to feast; to feed; to felicitate; to
joy; to lighten; to oblige; to recre-
ate; to refresh; to regale; to rejoin; to
sport; to suit; to transport; weyukpali,
to please himself; ileyukpali, a., self-
pleasing; yukpali, to gladden; yukpali,
to make one laugh.

yukpali, n., a diverter; a pleaser.

yukpalit anumpuli, v. t., to bless, Josh.
14: 13.

yukpachi, vy. t., to cause to laugh or
smile; see yukpa; issiyukpachi, you
make nie laugh; ikyukpacho, neg. form.

yulhkun, n., a mole.

yulhkun chito,n., the elephant. Aname
given by some Choctaw. Others call
the elephant hatak lusa inyanash, the
African buffalo.

ee

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

377

yulhpokona, see holhpokunna.

yullichi, vy. a.i., to twitch or start, as the
nerves.

yululli, yolulli, v. a. i., to run under;
to go through, asa hole; to run through;
to run between; ofi at holihta itintakla
yululli; hatak owatta yat Choctaw yakniyan
yulullit itanowa,; hatak at uski an yulullit
anya; aiyululli, v. t., to over run.

yululli, pp., passed through; put through,
asa thing is put through a long hole.

yulullichi, vy. t., to cause to go through;
to run through a hole, as to run a string
through a hole; to drive through.

yulullit a®ya, vy. a.i., to prowl; to worm
round.

yulullit a®ya, n., a prowler.

yula, pp., demolished; scattered about;
blown down, as a fence or the timbers
of a building; chuka yat yuta, 2 Cor.
Dele

yula, n., destruction.

yuh, v. t,, to throw over; to blow down;
to scatter; to demolish; yuti, Mark 12:
5; wak an yuti, holihta yan yuti.

yuli, n., a destroyer.

yulhi, v. t., to sift; to bolt; to riddle; to
garble.

yulichi, v. a. i., to tremble and start,
like the flesh of a sick person.

yutto, n., a whortleberry.

yumbak chito, n., a gopher.

yunna, pp., girdled.

yunni, v. t., to girdle.

yunushki, pp., girded.

yunushkichi, y. t., to girdle.

yunyuki, a., same as yityiki, crooked.

yupechi, v. t., to bathe another; to cause
another to bathe.

yupi, v. a. i., to bathe in water; to wash
the body; to wallow in sand or mud;
to lave; to roll in water, mud, or sand;
to welter; allat. yupi, shukha yat yupi,
akanka yat yupi, kofi at yupi.

yupi, n., one who bathes.

yupoma, see yukoma.

yustimeli, see yushtimeli.

yustimmi, see yushtimmi.

yustololi, see yushtololi.

yushbokoli, a., having white hair; gray-
haired; yushbokushli, pl.

yushbokoli, v. n., to be gray-headed.

yushbokoli, n., white hair; gray hair.

378

yushbokolichi, vy. t., to cause the hair to
be gray.
yushbonoli, n., a ringlet; a tress.
yushbonoli, pp., curled; frizzled.
yushbonuli, a., having curled hair; yush-
bonushli, pl.
yushbonuli, v. n., to be curly headed.
yushbonuli, v. a. i., to curl.
yushbonulichi, v. t., to curl the hair; to
frizzle; yushbonushhichi, vy. t. pl.
yushchunuli, vy. a. i., to bow, Gen. 47: 31.
yushkabali, a., having the head shaved,
trimmed, or clipped; yushkabashli, pl.
yushkabali, v. n., to be trimmed short
or close, as hair.
yushkabalichi, v. t., to trim close; to
clip the hair of the head; yushkabashli-
chi, pl.
yushkammi, v. a.i., to lust; to burn with
carnal desires; itaiyushkammi, to rut; to
lust for each other (applied to animals).
yushkammi, n., lust.
yushkilali, a., being partly bald, or hay-
ing the hair cut close near the ears and
a ridge left on top of the head; yush-
kilashli, pl.
yushkilali, v. n., to be partly bald.
yushkilalichi, y. t., to trim the hair close
only in places; yushkilashlichi, pl.
yushkoboli, a., trimmed short and made
round; rounded; chufak yushkoboli, a
pin having a head; yushkobushli, pl.
yushkoboli, vy. n., to be round-headed;
to be trimmed and made round.
yushkobolichi, yushkobushlichi, y. t.,
_to trim round; to make round-headed;
to curtail.
yushkobolichi, to be bolled, as flax,
Hx, 9:30. ¢
yushkololi, a., short, referring to things,
not time or space; ii yushkololi, shukha
yushkololi; yushkolushli, pl.
yushkololi, v. n., to be short.
yushkololi, pp., shortened.
yushkololichi, y. t., to make it short;
to make them short; to shorten; ii
av yushkolushlichi, cat the wood short;
yushkolushlichi, pl.
yushkololichi, n., a shortener.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

yushlatali, a., flat-headed.

yushlitalih, yushlitelih, a.,
headed.

yushmilali, a., bald; having the hair
very short; yushmilashli, pl.

yushmilali, pp., shorn.

yushmilali, vy. n., to be bald.

round

yushmilali, n., baldness, in whole or in
part.

yushmilalichi, v. t., to produce bald-
ness; to make bald; yushmilashlichi, pl.

yushmitoli, a., short, as a frock or petti-
coat.

yushpakama, pp., bewitched, Rey. 18:
23; yushpakamoa, pl.

yushpakama, n., sorcery, Rey. 18: 23;
tkhinsh isht yushpakama, witchcraft,
Gal. 5: 20.

yushpakamoli, v. t. pl., to bewitch.

yushpakamolichi, v. t. pl. caus.

yushpakammi, v. t., to bewitch, Rev.
18: 23; 21: 8; to practice sorcery, Ex.
8:7; nan isht yushpakammi, enchant-
ments; yushpakamolti v. t. pl.; yushpaka-
motichi, v. t. pl. caus.

yushtimeli, yustimeli, a., dizzy; yushti-
mashli, pl.

yushtimeli, v. n., to be dizzy.

yushtimelichi, v. t., to make arzzy;
yushtimashlichi, pl.

yushtimmi, yustimmi, a., dizzy.

yushtimmichi, y. t., to cause dizziness.

yushtololi, yustololi, a., short; brief;
pp., shortened; yushtolushli, pl.

yushtololi, v. n., to be short.

yushtololi, pp., shortened.

yushtololichi, v. t., to shorten; to make
brief; to contract; toscrimp; yustolush-
lichi pl.

yushwichali, a., brushy; having the hair
spread out.

yushwichali, v. n., to be brushy.

yushwichalichi, y. t., to make brushy.

yushwiheli, a., brushy; having the hair
spread out.

yushwiheli, v. n., to be brushy.

yushwihelichi, y. t., to render the hair
brushy.

e
ENGLISH—CHOCTAW INDEX

379

ENGLISH—CHOCTAW INDEX

(Nore.—This index does not give the Choctaw equivalent of the English word but

shows where it may be found.)

a; achafa, at, ho, o%, yor

Abaddon, nan isht ahollo okpulo

abandon, to; issa, issachi

abandon, to cause to; aiissachechi

abandoned, aksho

abandoned place, aiissa

abase, to; akanlusechi

abased, akanlusi

abash, to; hofahyachi, hofayati

abashed; hofahya, takshi

abate, to; habofa, haboffi, halata, hala-
tali, halatkachi, shippa, shippachechi,
shippacht

abate, to cause to; shippachechi

abate, to cause swellings to; habotichi

abated; habofa, haboli, halata, halatkachi,
shippa, shippachi

abated, entirely; halatat taha

abatement, habofa

abatement of swellings, haboli

abba, iki

abdicate, to; issa, kucha

abdicated, issa

abdication, issa

abdomen; iffuka, ikfuka, ilhfoka, takoba

abet, to; apela

abettor, apelachi

abhor, to; isht
shittilema

abide, to; anta, ansha, atta, binili, binnilt,
manya

abject; kalakshi, makali

abjure, to; anumpa kallo ilonuchi cha ia

able; kanihmi, kallo, laue, toba

able-bodied; a”li, nipi kallo

ablepsy, lapa

abnegate, to; haklo

abode; aianta, aiasha, aiatta, chuka

abolish, to; akshuchi, issachi, kobafji,
okpant

aholish, to cause to; issachechi

abolished; aksho, issa, kobafa, okpulo

abolisher; akshuchi, issachi

abolition, akshuchi

ikivahno, nukkilli,

abolitionist, yuka issachi

abominable; haksi, okpulo fehna

abominate, to; isht ikinahno

abomination, yualachi

aboriginal, tivkba

aboriginal inhabitants, tinkba okla

aboriginal people, tivkba okla

abortion, aiona

abound, to; apakna, laua

about; foka, fokali, imma, isht anumpa,
pullasi

about that time, /fokakash

about then, mzh

about this time, himak foka

about to have been, chintok, chintuk

above; i”shali, paknaka

abridged; tilofa, tiloha

abroad; haiaka, imma, kucha, mishema
JSullota

abscond, to; luhmi

absconder, luhmi

absence, taklachi

absent, iksho

absolutely, to do anything; amohmi

absorbed at, akania, ashippa

abstain, to; na hollochi, hullochi

abstemious; impa fena keyu, ishko fena
keyu

absurd, okpulo

abundance; alotowa, apakna, laua, pakna

abundance, to cause an; apaknachi

abundance, to have an; nan inlaua

abundant; apakna, laua

abuse, to; haksichi, hotupali, okpani

abused, akkaona

abyss, an; ahofobi, aiokpuloka, kolokbi

abyss, the; ahofobika

academy; holisso aiithana chito, holisso
avithana chuka, holisso apisa chuka

accelerate, to; palhkichechi, tu™shpachi

accept, to; aiokpachi

acceptable; achukma, aiukli, imanka

access; aiona, atia

accident, ishkanapa

381

382

accidental, ishkanapa

accommodate with, to; ima

accompany, to; auataya, tatkla arya

accomplish, to; aianticht

accomplished, alhpesa

accomplishment, alhtaha

accost, to; aiokpachi

account, isht anumpa

account, to; hotina

account book, itatoba holisso

accouple, to; apotoli

accoutre, to; shema, shemachi

accoutred, shema

accoutrements, nan isht shema

accumulate, to; itannali

accumulated, itanaha

accumulation, itanaha

accurate, anti

accursed, isikkopa

accursed thing, nan i”hullochi

accusable, anumpa onucha hinla

accuse, to; achokushpali, amihachi,
anumpa onuchi, ikbi, nan alhpisa onucht

accuse falsely, to; aholabechi

accusation, anumpa onutula ;

accused; achokushpa, anumpa onutula,
onutula

accuser, anumpa onuchi

accustom, to; achayachi

accustomed; achaya, atimomachi, ya-
mohma

acerb, takba

acetous; hawashko, homi, kaskaha

ache, to; hotupa, kommichi,
nukhammi

ache in the bones, to; foni kommichi

achieve, to; loshummz, lushomt

aching; kommichi, nukhammi

acid; hauashko, kaskaha

acid, to become; hawashko

acknowledge, to; aiokpachi, anoli,
ikhana

acorn, nust

acorn pudding, okshash

acquaint, to; ikhana, ikhananchi

acquaintance, ikhana

acquaintance, an; hatak ikhana

acquainted with, to be; akostinincht

acquiesce, to; alhpesa ahni, ome ahni

acquire, to; ahauchi

acquire knowledge,
tkhana

acquire knowledge at, to; atvithana

mufka,

to; anukfohki,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

acrid; homi, takba

acrid water, oka homi

acrimonious, to render; nukhomechi

across, okhoata

act, to; akaniohmi

act in order, to; silhhi

action; akaniohmi, ilhkoli

active; ashwanchi, tushpa

activity, palhki

actor; isht atta, na, nan isht atta

acute; halupa, halupoa, kallo

adage, na miha .

add, to; achakalechi, achakalechi, albilli,
ibakalt

add on, to; achakalechi

add on at, to; aiitachakalli

add to, to; achakali, ibafoki, ibani

added together, ibalhkaha

adder; hahta, hawash

addice; isht chatya, pent isht charya —

addicted to, shali

addition; achakaya, alhchakaya, ibalhkaha,
itibalhkaha

additional, alhchakaya

address, a short; anumpa tilofa, anumpa
tilolt

address, a very short; anwmpa tilofasi

address, an; anuwmpa isht hika

adept, an; imponna

adequate; alauechi, alaui, laue

adhere, to; aialbo, alapali, anuksita, albo

adhere, to cause to; akmochi, atak-
mochi, alapalechi .

adhered, aialbo

adherent, a political; tashka

adhesive, niashmo

adipose, nia

adjacent, bilivka

adjoin, to; apotoli

adjoining house; chuka apanta, chuka
apantali

adjourn, to; abanablichi

adjudge, to; apesa

adjudicate, to; apesa

adjust, to; aposkiachi

adjusted rightly, achukmat alhpisa

administer, to; ipeta

administer medicine, to; alikchi;
ikhinsh ipeta

administrator, isht atta

admire, to; okokkoaiahni

admit, to; chukoa

admonish, to; miha

BYINGTON ]

adoption; alla toba, ushi isht atoba

adorn, to; aiuklichi, atahpali,
aiuklichi, shema, shemachi

adorn with a plume, to; shikopa isht
shema

adorned; pisa aiukli, shema

adroit, imponna

adult, asano

adult, an; asano

adulterate, to; ibani

adulteress; hatak inhaklo, haui

adulterous, hawi

adultery, hatak inhaklo

adultery, to commit; hatak inhaklo,
haui itimalhpisa, lumarka

advance, to; achakali

advance, to cause to; achakachi

advanced in years, sipokni

advantage, isht ilaiyukpa

adversary, ichapa

adversity; isht aiilbasha, isht anukhanklo,
nan imokpulo

advertiser, anoli

advice, anwmpa

advise, to; miha, nan itmiha, nanuka,
nanukachi

adviser, nan i?miha

advocate, to; anumpuli

advocate for, to; apepoa

advocates, apepoa

adz; isht charya, pent isht charya

affair, nana

affect, to; haleli, kanihmi

affect all, to; mominchi

affect the mouth, to; itukwesoli, kaioti-
chi

affections,
imanukfila

affirm, to; a%li achit anoli

afflict, to; ilbashachi, ilbashali, nukhan-
klochi

afflicted; ilbasha, nukhanklo

affliction; avilbasha, ilbasha, isht nukhan-
klo

affluence, nan inlaua

affluent, nan inlaua

affluent, the; nan inlaua

affray, to; nuklakanchichi

affright, to; nuklakanchichi

affrighted, nuklakancha

affront, to; chutkash hutupali, hotupali

aforetime, tinkba

afraid; anukwia, matali, nukshopa, nuk-
wia, takshi

pisa

the; chunkash, chunkash

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE.

383

afresh, himona

Africa, hatak lusa inyakni

African buffalo, hatak lusa inyannash

after; ha, haya, himmak, inhimmak, on

after a while; hopakikma, hopakikmaxo

after the, kma

afternoon; okataha, tabokoli ont ia

afterward, himmak

aid, anump imeshi

aid, an; apela, mitko imanumpeshi, nan
apela, nan apelachi

aid-de-camp, anumpeshi

ail, to; kanihmi

ailment; nan apa, nan inkanimi

aim, to; «ahni, anompisachi, tanampo
anumpisachi

aimed at, the place; abilepa

air, the; mali

air, to; hufka, ufka

aired, holufka

again; anoa, anonti, atuklant, falamat,
inli, na

against, the going; asunanta

against wind or tide, to go; asonali

age; kasheho, sipokni

age, old; sipokni

aged; asahnoyechi,
kauasha, sipokni

aged, the; asanonchi, asunonchi

aged, to render; sipoknichi

aged man, hatak kamassalli

aged men, hatak kamassalleka

agent; isht atta, na, na hollo holitopa,
nan isht atta

agent, a United States; na hollo minko

aggravate, to; aiyabechi, atablichi,
inshalr

aggrieved, nukhatklo

agile, tushpa

agitate, to; tiabli

agitated; anuktiboha,
piakachi, piakachi

agitation of the heart, an; nukwime-
kachi

ago, fokakash

agone, fokakash

agony, nukhammi

agony, to cause; nukhammichi

agree, to; apesa, ibafoka, imanukfila
achafa, imanukfila itibafoka

agreeable; alhpesa, chukma, hochukma

agreed, alhpesa

agreeing, alhpesa

agreement; apesa, anumpa alhpisa, nana
alhpisa

kamassa, kasheho,

nukhobela, oka

384

agriculturist, hatak osapa tonksali

aground, to run; akkatala

ague; ahochukwa, hochukwa

ague fit, wannichi

aguish; ahochukwa, hochukwa, hochuk-
wachi, hochukwoba

ah! aiehna!l, hiho, ikikki

ah me! huk

ahead, tikba

aim, to; anumpisachi

Alabama, Halbamo

Alabama River, Halbamo okhina

alas! aiehna!, hale!, hauk, huk, hush,
tkikki

albumen; aka"k ushi imwalaha, akank
ushi walakachi

alcohol; na homi, oka homi

alert, tushpa

alias, yatush

alienate, to; kanchi, ihollot issa

alienated, chu”kash inla

alienation; kanchi, tasembo

alight, to; akkoa

alike, holba

alike, made; holbat toba

alike, to become; holbat toba

alike in kind, aivimmi birka

aliment; ilhpak, nan ilimpa

alive, okchanya

alive (as a tree), okchavki

all; aiokluha, atiha, bano, ilaiyuka, moma,
momat, nan uha, okluha, oklumha, puta,
putali, uha

all, one who takes; tomaffi

all about, kanima moma

all days, nitak moma

all men, okluha

all nature, nana moma

all over the world, yakni fullota

all people, okla moma

all round, /olota

all things; nan okluha, okluha, nana
moma

all, to destroy; tomaffi

all, to use; whalinchi

allay, to; chulosachi, hopotachi, nuktalali,
nuktalalichi, yokopuli

allayed; chulosa, hopola, nuktala

allege, to; a”ti fehna achit miha

allegory, anumpa nan isht alhpisa

alley; anowa, atia, hina

allies, apepoa

alligate, to; atakchechi

alligator, hachunchuba

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

allot, to; kashkoli

allotted, kashkoa

allow, to; apesa

allowance, afammikma ilhpeta

allure, to; anukpallichi, nukpallichi

ally; apela, apelachi, itapela, nan apela

ally, to; apoa

almanac, hashi nitak isht ikhana

almighty, palammi

Almighty God, the; Chihowa pallammi

almost; arhe, a™hesi, a™husi, he, naha,
pullasi

alms, to do; habenachi

almug tree, almuk

aloft; aba, chaha

alone; bano, beka, chanaia, ilap bano, ilap
bieka

alone, to live; ilap banot anta

alone, to make; banochi

along; abaiyat, tarkla

along before, tikbali

along the road, hinanli

along the side of, to be or lie; abaiya

along the side of, to go; abaiyachi

along with; awant, iba, itatuklo

alongside of, abaiyat

already; mashko, manshko

also; aiena, ak, hak, hokota, inli, kia

altar; ahoshmi, alta, aba topa

altar of incense; na balama ahushmi,
na balama alua

alter, to; ainla, aiinlachi, hobak ikbi,
inla, inlachi

altercate, to; anumpa itinlauachi

altercation, anumpa itinlaua

altercation, to have an;
itinlaua

altered; aiinla, hobak, inla

although; ik, kia, yohmi kia

although it is so, yohmi kia

altitude, chaha

altogether, bano

alum, tali holiya

alum salt, hapi lakchi

always; abilia, aiemoma,
chatok, chokamo

always so; aiimoma, atak, chatok

amalgamated, ibakaha

amanuensis, holissochi

amass, to; itahobi

amassed, itanaha

amaurosis, to have; /ichik asha

amaze, to; anuktakashli, okokkoaiahnichi

amazed; anuklakancha, nuktakancha

anumpa

beka, bilia,

BYINGTON ]

amazement, anuklakancha

ambassador; anumpa shali, i?shali iman-
umpeshi, mirko imanumpeshi

ambitious man, hatak holitopa banna

ambrosial, balama

ameliorate, to;
aiskiachi

ameliorated, aiskia

amended, aiskia

America; Miliki, Miliki yakni

American, Miliki

American, an; Miliki hatak, Miliki okla

amiable; halhpa’sha, yukpa

amid, takla

amidst; iba, takla

amiss, ashachi

amity, kana

ammunition; isht hunsa, nan isht hursa

among; avititakla, iba, ibatatkla, itin-
takla, takla

among themselves, ilap bitka

amount, moma

amount to, to; ona

amount to several, to; katohmona

ample; falaia alhpesa, ‘aua alhpesa, patha,
patha alhpiesa

amplify, to; lauachi

amputate, to; basht tapli

amuse, to; «aiokpachechi,
yukpalechi, yukpali

amused, yukpa

an; achafa, ho, o”, yor

ancestor; hatak intinkba, hatak tirkba,
tikba

ancestors,
intikba

anchor, an; tali chito isht talali

ancient; cha™shpo, nitak tinkba

ancient, an; hatak tivkba

ancient days, nitak tinkba

ancient man, hatak chashpo

ancients, hatak cha"shpo

anciently; cha”shpo, nitak tirkba, tinkba

and; aiena, akocha, akucha, amba, anonti,
atuklonchi, aua, cha, ish, kesh, kish, mih,
mikma, na, sh, yamohmikma, yohmi kia,
yohmima, yohmimat

and as, mak

and he, atuk

and so, yamohmima

and so forth, chomi

and so on, chomi

and the, mih

and then, mih, na, yohmima

84339°—Bull. 46—15——25

achchukmali, aiskia,

chukushpali,

his or her maternal;

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

385

and therefore, mih

andirons; itakowa intula, tali luak tikeli,
tal ulhtikela

angel; aba hatak, aba shilombish, enchil

anger; aiimukkilli, isht ittuld, nukhobela,
nukkilli, nukoa

anger, to; nukhobelachi, nukoachi

angle, to; nan okweti, nani hokli

angler; nan okweli, nani hokli

angry; anukhobela, anukyiminta, chut-
kash halupa, hashanya, humma, nukho-
bela, nukoa, okpoto, okpulo

angry, very; nukoa shati

anility, kasheho

animal, a certain small wild; toni

animate, okchanya

animate, to; chiletalli, chilitachi, ilhfio-
pak, tunshpalechi, turshpali

animated; «aiyimita, chilita,
yiminta

animation, yiminta

ankle; imuksak, iyi imuksak

ankle bone, wmuksak foni

ankle joint; iyi imuksak itachakalli, iyi
tilokacht

announce, to; miha

annoy, to; anuwmpulechi

annually; afammaiyukali, afammikma

annuity; aiilhpeta, habena, nan ilhpita

annul, to; akshuchi, kobaffi

annulled; aksho, kobafa

anodyne; ikhinsh nusechi, nusilhhachi

anoint, to; ahammi, atokolit halalli,
bilahammi, fohki

anoint, to cause to; ahammichi

anoint another, to; bilahammichi

anointed; ahama, bilahama

anointed, the; alhtoka

anointing, ahama

anointing oil, pa”sh isht ahama

anon; ashalitka, yakosi ititakla

anonymous; hochifo iksho, hochifo ikta-
kalo

another; achafa, inla

another clan, tksa inla

another man, hatak inla

another place, kano”

another’s, inla immi

answer; anumpa falama, anumpa fala-
moa

answer, to; achi, afalamichi, anwmpa
falamotichi, anumpa falammicht

answer again, to; falammichit anumpuli

answered, anumpa falama

tushpa,

386

answering again; ichapa, ichapoa

ant, shutkani

ant eggs, shu”kani ushi

ant-heap, shu”kani inchuka

ant-hill, shu”kani inchuka

antagonist, ichapa, tanap

antecedent, ti”kba

antecessor, hatak titkba

anthem, ataloa

anthropophagite, hatak apa

antiquated, sipokni

antique, sipokni

antiquity; nitak tivkba, hatak tinkba

antiquity, all; hatak tivkba atiha

antler; lapish filamminchi, lapish infil-
ammt

anvil, talaboa

anxiety, imanukfila komunta

anxious; imanukfila komunta, palata

any; kanima, kaniohmi, kia, nana kia

any day; nitak kaniohmi kia, nitak nana

any more, himmakma

any other, inla

any time, nitak kaniohmi kia

anybody, kana kia

anyone; kanima kia, kana, kana kia,
kanahosh, kata, nanta

anyone whatever, kanaho kia

anything; nana, nana hosh, nana kia,
nanta

anywhere; kanima kia, katima, kent

apace, tu%shpa

apartment, aboha itatapa

apathy, hiahni iksho

ape; hatak shaui, shawi hatak

ape, to; hobachi

aperture; atiwa, itopa, okhisa

apex, wishakchi

apiary, foe bilishke inchuka imhoshontika

apiece, ayukali

Apollyon, nan isht ahollo okpulo

apology, nan isht amiha

apostasy; aba anumpa iXfilammi, iksa
issa

apostate; aba anumpa issa, aba anum-
puli kobafa, iksa issa.

apostatize, to; aba anumpa issa, iksa
ssa

apostatize, to cause to; thksa issachi

apostle; anumpeshi, aba anumpeshi,
Chisas Kilaist imanumpeshi

apothecary, ikhinsh kanchi

appalled, nukshopa

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

apparel; ilefoka, na fohka

apparel, to; na foka fokachechi, shema

appareled; na foka foka, shema

apparently; achini, chini

apparition, shilup

appear, to; achini, ahoba, aiahoba, auata,
haiaka, holba, kucha, oktani

appear (as the new moon), to; hashi
himo auata

appear, to cause to; haiakachi, oktanichi

appear in sight, to; oktani

appear like, to cause to; ahoballi

appear so, to; chini

appearance; ahoba, haiaka, holba, kani-
ohmi, oktani, pisa

appeared, haiaka

appease, to; chulosachi, hopotachi, nuk-
talali, patakachi, yokopuli

appeased, chulosa

appetite, na banna

applaud, to; ahnichi, aiokpanchi

applause, aiokpanchi

apple; na hollo intakkon, takkon chito,
takkon masu”fa, takkonlipun

apple, crab; shakulap

apple, custard; wmbi

apple sauce, takkon masu”fa honni

apple tree, takkon masunfa api

applicant, nana silhha

apply, to; onochi

apply the mind, to; imanukfila onuchi

appoint, to; apesa, atokoli, hopena

appoint for, to; atali

appointed; aialhtokowa, alhpesa, alhtoka

appointed days, nitak alhpisa

appointer, hopena

appointment, alhtoka

appraiser, aiilli onuchi

apprehend, to; akostininchi, ishi

approach, to; akanali, atikkonofa, atuk-
onofa, bilitka, minti

approaching old age, hatak kauashachi

approbate, to; aiokpanchi, alhpesa achi

approve, to; ahnichi, aiokpachi, alhpesa
achi, yamma achi

approximate, to; akanali, akanalichechi,
bilitkachi

April, Eplil

apron, na foka intikba takali

apt, hepulla

aqua vitae, oka homi

arable; patafa alhpesa, patafa hinla

arbiter, nan apesa

BYINGTON ]

arbor; chishakko, hoshontika, wia

arch of heaven, the middle of the;
tabokoa

archer, iti tanampo isht a’ya

arctic, falammi pilla

ardent; achunanchi, chilita, homi, lashpa

ardent spirits; oka homi, oka luak, oke
homi, oke luak

arduous, palammi

argil, lukfi

argue for, to; apepoa

arid, shila

arise, to; oiya, tani, toba, wakaya

arithmetic; na holhtina, na holhtina ho-
lisso ;

arithmetician, hotina

ark; itombi holitopa,
patha, penushi

Arkansas River, Okahpa okhina

arm; ibbak, shakba

arm, left; shakba alhfabeka

arm, right; shakba isht impaka

arm, strong; shakba kallo

arm, to; na halupa ilatalti, na halupa
imatali

arm bands, shakba alhfoa

arm bone, ibbak foni

arm of a lake, okhata filomminchi

arm of a tree, iti naksish filamminchi

arm of the sea, okhata filomminchi

armed, na halupa imalhtaha

armhole, shakba afoka

armor, halupa

armory, na halupa aiasha

armpit, haktampi

arms, na halupa

arms, the bended or folded; shakba
potoma

army; tanap, tashka chipota

around, to be; afopa, apakfokachi

aroused; okcha, yiminta

arrange, to; achukmat apesa, apoksiali

arranged, achukmat alhpisa

arrant; haksi, okpulo

array, to; fohkachechi, shema, shemachi,
tahpali, tahpalichi

arrayed by means of, shema

arrayed in, shema

arrayed with, shema

arrearage, aheka takanli

arrears, aheka takanli

arrest, to; issachi, oktabli, takchit ishi

arrival; ala, ala, ona

arrival, first; onahpi

itombushi, pent

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

387

arrive, to; ala, anusi ona, ishla, ona

arrive at, to; ala, ona

arrive at last, to; aiyala

arrive together, to; alachi

arrogant; fehnachi, ilefehnachi

arrow; oski, shumo naki, uski naki

arrow of a blowgun; shumatti, shwmo
holutti

arrow-head;
halupa

arrow point, uski naki halupa

arsenic, pichali isht illi

artery; akshish, hakshish, hakshish chito,
issish akshish, issish imhina

article; na, nana

artificer, nan isht apesa imponna

artillery; tanamp chito, tanamp hochito

artisan; nan isht apesa imponna, to”ksali
imponna

artist, to’ksali imponna

artless, ikhana

as, to be; chohmi

as, to do; chohmichi

as for me, annonto

as for the; ato, ato, hano

as for the one which, ato

as for the present time, himak ano

as much as one, achafona

as soon as, mak

ascend, to; asonali, aba ia, abia, oiya,
ott, shoboli, shobota

ascend, to cause to; oiyachi

ascent, oiya

ascertain, to; akostininchi

ash, shinap

ash, white; shinap

ash-bin, hituk chubi aialhto

ash-box, hituk chubi aialhto

ash-house, hituk chubi inchuka

ash-tub, hituk chubi aialhto

ashamed; hofahya, takshi

ashes, hituk chubi

ashes, hot; hituk yanha

ashes, light white; luak ipokni

ask, to; asilhha, asilhhachi, panaklo,
ponaklo

ask for, to; hoyo

askew, shanaia

asleep; nusi, shimoha, taliskachi, talissa

aspect; pisa, nashuka

asperity, okpulo

aspire to help, to; ibawichi

ass; isuba haksobish falaia, isuba nashoba

assassin, haksinchit abi

nakachosha, uski naki

388

assassinate, to; haksinchit abi

assemble, to; itahoba, itahobi, itahobli,
itanali, itanaha, itannali, itannalicht

assemble, to cause to; itanahachi

assemble at, to; aiitahoba, atitahobi,
aiitanaha, aiitannati

assembled; itahoba, itanaha

assembler; itahobi, itahobli, itannali

assembly; hatak itahoba, hatak itanaha,
itahoba, itanaha

assent, to; ataklamma, alhpesa mtha,
haklo, ome ahni, yamma achi

assert, to; achi, arti achit miha

assigned, aialhtokowa

assimilate, to; hobachi, hobachit ikbi

assist, to; apela, apepoa

assistant; apela, apelachi, nan apela

associate, to; ibafoka

associated with, to be; aiitapi”ha

association, itahoba

assuage, to; chulosa, halata, halatali,
hopotachi, nuktalali, shippali, yokopachi

assuaged; halata, halatkachi, hopota,
shippa, shippachi, yokopa

assume, to; ishi

assurance against doubt, tah

assure, to; a”tichi

asthma; /fiopa imokpulo, nukshininfa

astonish, to; anuklakashli, okokkoaiahn-
icht

astonished, anuktakancha, nuklakancha

astound, to; anuklakashli, okokkoaiahn-
icht

astray, gone; yoshoba

astray, to go; ashachi

astray, to lead; ashachechi

astringency, takba

astringent; homi, itukwisli, takba, tak-
bachi

astringent, to render; takbachi

at; a, a, ai, 7, ttoma, pilla, yammak o

at a future time, himmakma

at a loss; anuktuklo, imaiyokoma

at all, kamomi

at hand; bilinka, mih, olanusi

at last; himmak, polanka

at length, polavka

at once, himonali

at once, to do; himonali

at that time; a, fokakash, fokali

at the head, ibetap pilla

at the same time, himonna achafa

at this place, ilappak

at this time; himak, ma”shko

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

athletic; hallo, kilimpi,
kallo

athwart, okhoata

atmosphere, mali

atone, to; atobbi

atoned, alhtoba

atonement, alhtoba

atrocious, okpulo fehna

attach, to; ishi

attachment, anuksita

attack, to; amokafa

attain, to; ala, ona, onachi

attempt, ilahobbi

attempt, to; ibawichi, ilahobbi, pisa

attend, to; aton%, haklo, haponaklo,
tarkla atya

attend, to cause to; haponaklochi

attend to, to; anta, hikikina

attendant; apaha, itapiha

attentive, aiokpachi

attest, to; anlichi

attested, anti

attire; isht shema, na fohka

attire, to; ilefoka foka, na foka foka,
shema, shemachi

attorney; anumpa nan alhpisa isht atta,
isht atta, laya

auburn, lusbi

auction, kanchi

audacious, nukwia iksho

audible, haiaka

audience, haponaklo

auditor; haponaklo, na haklo

auger; isht fotoha, isht fotoha iskitint, itt
isht fotoha, hopaii

auger handle, isht fotoha ulhpi

August, Akas

august; chito, holitopa

aunt; ishki, ishki toba, imhukni

aurora; onnat isht inchi, tohwiket mint

austere, palammi

austere, to act as; atapa

authentic, ali

authenticate, to; antichi

authenticated, ali

author; ikbi, holisso ikbi

authority; alhtoka, nan isht aialhpesa

authorize, to; atohnuchi, atokoli, aton-
hucht

authorized, alhtoka

autocrat, mi”ko

autocrat of Russia, the; Lashe iminko

autumn; ahpi, hashtulahpi, onafapi

auxiliary; apela, apelachi, nan apela

lampko, nipi

BYINGTON |]

avail, to; nan ihmi, nan ihmichi

avail nothing, to; nan thini keyu

availing, nan ihmi

avails, isht ahauchi

avaricious; hatak nan wholitopa, nan
wholitopa

avenge, to; atobbi, okha

avenged, alhtoba

avenger; atobbi, okha

avenue; anowa, atia, hina

averse, banna

avert, to; falammichi

avoid, to; apakfokachi

avouch, to; a”li achit miha

await, to; hoyo

awake, okcha

awake, to; okcha, okchali

awake, to cause to; okchalechi

awaken, to; okchachi

awakened, okcha

aware; ahni, ikhana

away; bilia, pilla

away here, ilappa pilla

away off, pilla

awkward, ikhana

awl; chufak, isht achunli

awl-handle, chufak ahokli

awry; shanaia, shanaioa

ax; iskifa, isht charya

ax, a broad; iskifa patha

ax, a carpenter’s; iskifa patha

ax, a sharp; iskifa halupa

ax, the bit of an; iskifa wishakchi

ax, the edge of an; iskifa ahalupa

ax, the eye of an; iskifa chiluk, iskifa
nishkin

ax, the head of an; iskifa chushak,
iskifa nushkobo

ax helve; iskifa ulhpi, iskifapi

axletree, iti chanalli achosha

aye, akat

baa (cry of a sheep), ba”hachi

babble, to; anumpuli ilahobi, himak
Jfokalit anumpuli

babbler, anumpuli ilahobi

babe; allunsi, chinshka, puskus

baboon, shawi hatak chito

baby; allunsi, chinshka, puskus

bacchanalian, hatak okishko shati

bachelor; hatak ohoyo ikimiksho, tekchi
iksho

back, ulbal

back, away; ulbal pilla

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

389

back, small of the; inchashwa

back, the; nali

back, the upper part of the; shinakha

back, to; apela, falammichi, oiya, omanili

back, to go; ulbalhpelat ia

back between the shoulders, the;
shanakha

back door, aboha a”shaka okhissa

back of a horse, isuba nali

back of the hand, ibbak paknaka

back of the head, iachushak

back of the neck, iachuna

back water; oka bikeli, oka falama

backbite, to; achokushpali, anumpa
chukushpali, atshakachi, hatak nanu-
machi, na mihachi, nan mmihachi

backbiter; achokushpali, a shakachi, ha-
tak nanumachi, na mihachi, nan immi-
hachi

backbiter, a great; hatak nanumachi
shati

backbone; nahchaba, nali foni, sachakla

backside, a”shaka intannap

backslide, to; afilema, aba anumpa issat
falama, falama

backslider; aba anumpa issat falama,
falama, falamoa.

backward; obalhpela, okbal, olbalhpila,
ulbalhpela, ulbal pila

backward and forward, to go; /alamoa

backward, to go; ulbalhpelat ia

backward, to move; obalh kanali

bacon; shukha nia shila, shukha pasa shila

bacon, to make; shukha nipi shileli

bad; achukma, aiokpulo, akna”ka, okpulo

bad luck, to cause; poafachi

badge, isht alhpisa

badly; okpulo, okpulot

badness, okpulo

bag; bahta, hachik, ipirshik, shukcha

bags, saddle; wak hakshup shukcha

baggage, shapo

baggage horse; isuba shapo shali, isuba
shapuli

bail; ahalalli, isht halalli, tyasha ahalalli

bait, isht albi

bait, to; hoto”si, isht albi intakalichi

baiter for beaver, holo”sichi

bake, to; apushli, nuna, nunachi, palaska,
paska, shila, shileli

bake, to cause to; nunachechi

baked; nuna, palaska, shila

baker; pask ikbi, paska

bakery, aboha apalaska

390

baking place, apalaska

balance, alhtampa

balance, a; nan isht weki, nan isht
wekicht

balance, the; alhkucha

balance, to; weki itilaui, weki itilauicht,
wekicht

balanced; weki itilaui

balances, isht wekichi

bald; okmilali, okmilashli, okmaloti,
okmilonli, patsh iksho, yushmilala

bald, to be partly; yushkilali

bald, to make; okmilalichi, okmilashlichi,
yushmilalicht

bald face, ibakhatanli

bald faces, ibakhatanshli

bald-faced; ibakhatanli, ibakhatanshli

baldness; okmilali, yushmilali

baldness, to produce; yushmilalichi

bale, bahta chito

bale, to; bahta chito abeli

baled, bahta chito abiha

baleful; isht afekommi, okpulo

balk, yakni ikapatafo

ball; lumbo, towa

ball (a dance), hila

ball, black; shulush isht lusachi

ball ground; atoli, hitoka

ball playground, a small; isht aboli

ball stick, akkabata, kapucha

ballad, taloa

ballroom, ahila

balm, bam

balm, wild; shinuktiteli

balmy, balama

balmy, to make it; balamachi

bamboo brier, bisakchakinna

band; afohoma, isht talakchi, nan isht
talakcha

band, a train; tashka chipota

bandage; alhfoa, isht apakfoa

banded; apakfoa, talakchi

bane, isht alli

bang, to; boli

banish, to; chafichi

banished, chafa

bank; bokko, sakti ikbi

bank, a furrowed; sakti tanfa

bank, a high; sakti chaha

bank, a red; sakti humma

bank, a steep; sakti chaha

bank, an artificial; sakti toba

bank, to; bokkuchi, sakti ikbi

bank (for money), tali holisso aboli

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

bank bill; holisso lapushki, tali holisso
tapuski

bank note, holisso lapushki

bank of a river, ont

bank of a stream, sakti

banked, bokko

banker, tali holisso itatoba

bankrupt; nan chumpa_ kobafa,
ittatoba kobafa

banks, red; sakti humma

banks of a river, bok sakti

banner; na hata, shapha

banquet; chepulli, impa chito

banquet, to make a; chepulechi

baptism; baptismo, oka isht okissa

baptist; baptismochi, baptist

baptize, to; baptismochi, oka isht okis-
sacht

baptized; baptismo, oka isht okissa

baptizer, baptismochi

bar, hoti

bar, to; okshita, oktabli

bar holes in a post, holihta okhisa
aiachushkachi

barb, isht atapachi

barb, to; atapachi, isht atapachi ikbi

barbecue, to; abani

barbecued beef; wak nipi albani

barber, hatak pa™sh amo

bard, ataloa ikbi

bare, hishi iksho

bareboned, /foni bano

barebones, hatak chunna

barefaced, nashuka bieka

barefaced man; hatak afikommi, hatak
hofahya iksho

barefoot; bano, iyi bano, iyi beka

bareheaded, nushkobo beka

barely, illa

barenecked, ikonla bekat anya

barenecked, to go; ikonla bekat anya

bargain, anwmpa itimapesa

bargain, to; anumpa itimapesa

bargain away, to; kanchi

bargain for, to; apobachi

bargained, anumpa itimalhpisa

barge, pent

bargeman, pent isht atta

bark; akchalhpi, hakchalhpi, hakchalhpi
shila, hakshup iti haklupish, iti hakshup

bark, dry; chabli

bark, to; ka”wa, parya, wowoha, woha,
wohwah, wohwoha

bark at, to; wolichi

nan

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY

barked, foha
barn, kanchak

barrack; tashka chipota aiasha, tashka
chipota inchuka
barred; alhkama, alhkomoa, okshillita,

oktapa

barrel, italhfoa chito

barrel, to; italhfoa chito abeti, italhfoa
chito fohki

barreled;
chito foka

barren; ashabi, alla ikimiksho, ushi iksho

barren, to render; ashabichi

barricade; holihta, tanap holihta

barrier; isht okshilita, isht oktapa

barrow (a hog), skukha hobak

barrow (a mound), bunto

barrow (a vehicle), iti chanaha iskitini

bars of a gate, holihta okhisa achushkachi

barter, to; itatoba

base; makali, okpulo

baseborn; alla iki iksho, iki iksho

base of a hill, chakpatali

baseness, makali

bashful, takshi

bashful, to render; takshichi

basin, isht ishko patassa

basin for a child, alla aiimpa

basin, pewter; nakampo

bask, to; hashi inni

bask in the sun, to; hashi libisha

basket; kishi, kishi yancho, tapushirk,
talbal, tapak, tapishuk

bass (in music), chito

bass drum, afepa chito

basswood, panashuk

basswood tree, pishannuk

bastard; alla inki iksho, inki iksho.

baste, to; bakaha, bila ontali

basted, bila ontaha

bastinade, to; boli, iyi pata bolt

bat; akkabata, halambisha

bath; aiyupi, ayupi

bathe, to; yupechi, yupr

bathe, to cause to; yupechi

bathes, one who; yupi

bathing house, aboha ayupi

bathing place, ayupi

bathroom, aboha ayupi

bathing place for children, alla ayuwpi

batteau, pent shohala

batten, to; niachi, niat isht ia

batter, to; boli, paioffi

battering ram, holihta kallo isht okpani

italhfoa chito abeha, italhfoa

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE O91

battle, itibbi

battle ground, aiitibbi

bawdy house, ohoyo haui aiasha

bay; jilamminchi, okhata

bay, a bright; hwmma tishepa

bay, to; wolichi

bay tree, kolaha

bayonet, isht itibbi

be, to; ath, aiasha, ansha, h, hati, hikia,
ho, hosh, itola, ma, matya, nanih, o, oh,
takali, talaia, taloha, toba, yamohmi

be in, to; abeha, alhto, ibafoka

be of, to; aiahalaia

be on, to; ontalaia

be there, to; aiashwa, ashwa

beach, oka ont alaka

bead; innuchi, oksup, shikalilli, shikalla

beadmaker, shikalla ikbi

beak, ibishakni

beam; 711 chito, iti bachoha

bean; bala, tobi

bean pod, bala hakshup

bean pole, tobe isht abela

beans, tobi

beans, bunch; tobi hikint ani

beans, bush; tobi hikint ani

beans, pole; tobi abela, tobi uski atuya,
tobi uski oiya

bear, nita

bear, a white; nita tohbi

bear, a young; nitushi

bear, to; cheli, ieshi, shali, sholi, waya

bear, to cause to; chelichi, wayachi

bear children, to; alla eshi, ishi

bear meat, nita nipi

bear on with the hands, to; bitka

bear testimony, to; anumpa kallo ilonu-
chit anoli, atokolechi

bear to, to; ima

bear up, to; halalli

beard, nutakhish

beard of grain, hoshurka

bearer; na shali, na sholi, shali, sholi

beavr’s fat, nita nia

bear’s nest, nita peli

bear’s oil, nita bila

bearskin, nita hakshup

beast; na hopoa, nam poa, poa

beat; alepola, boa, isso

beat, to; aiisso, bakaha, boli, fahama,
hussi, tmaiyachi, isso, kabaha, kabalichi,
lalli, lallichi, litinha, michikli, michik-
minli, michilhha, mitikli, mitikmint,
motukli, nuktimekachi, shotukli, tumikli,
timikmekli

392

beat, to make; mitiklichi

beat fine, to; pushechi

beat out, to; fakoffichi

beat quick, to; limikmeli

beat there, to; ahosi

beat up, to; bali

beat up meatin a mortar, to; nipi bali

beaten; boa, boli, holussi, kobokachi,
pushi

beaten down, fohama

beater; bati, kabaha

beatify, to; yukpalechi, yukpali

beating; mitikli, mitikminh

beating of a drum, timikachi

beautified; aiukli, pisa aiukli

beautiful; aiukli, mismiki

beautify, to; aiuklichi, pisa aiukli, pisa
aiuklichr

beauty, aiukli

beaver, kinta

beaver, a young; kintushi

beaver bait, kinta i~kasoma

beaver dam; kinta oktabli, oktabli

beaver fur, kinta hishi

beaver hat, kinta hishi shapo

beaver trap, kinta isht albi

becalm, to; nuktalali

becalmed; chulosa, nuktala

because; hakta, hatuk, ho, hokama, kama,
kamba, na, tukakosh

because of; pulla, pullakako

because of that, mih

beckon, to; wali, yuhchunukli

beckon to, to; pit

becloud, to; hoshontichi, oktilechi

become, to; aholhtina, alhpesa, holhtina,
toba, yohmi aialhpesa

become, to cause to; atobachi

become each other, to; toba

become his, to; imi toba

become our, to; pimmi toba

bed; aionusha, anusi, patapo, patalhpo,
topa, topa umpatalhpo

bed, grass; hashuk patalhpo

bed, small; topa iskitini

bed, straw; hashuk patalhpo

bed, trundle; topa iti kalaha atakali

bed clothing, patapo

bed curtains, isapuntak inchuka

bedbug, topa shushi

bedcord, topa isht talakchi

bedfellow; ibanusi, itibanusi

bedim, to; oktilechi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

bedpost, topa iyi

bedroom; aboha anusi, anusi

bedstead, topa

bedtick, bahta chito hoshinsh aialhto

bedtime, anust ona

beduck, to; oklubbichi

bee; asananta, foishke, yikoa

beebread; /oe akmo, foe inlakna

beech, hatombalaha

beechnut, hatombalaha ani

beef, wak, wak nipi

beef, cured or dried; wak nipi shila

beef eater, wak nipi apa

beehive, foe bilishke inchuka

beehouse, foe bilishke inchuka
shontika

beeswax; foe akmo, foe hakmi

beetle, shakshampi

beetle (for striking); isht boa, iti isht
boa, isht boa chito

beeves, wak

befool, to; haksichi, yimmichi

before; cha”shpo, itikba, kimsha, tikba,
tinkba,

before next, ha

before time, fi”kba

beforehand, tikbali

befriend, to; kana

beg, to; asilhha, asilhhachi

beggar; asilhha, asilhhachi, habenat anya,
nana silhha

beggar, to; ilbashali

beggars’ lice, bissatu”ko

beget, to; tkbi, tobachi

beget by, to; tobachi

beget of, to; tobachi

begetter, nan tobachi

begin, to; hiket ia, ia, isht ia, nitak echi

begin to heal, to; attat isht ia

beginner, isht ia

beginning; aiamona, aiisht ia, avisht ia
ammona, amona, atobahpi, ammona, isht
ia, isht 1a ammona

beginning, place or time of; aiahpi

beginning of darkness, okshochobi

begird, to; askufachechi, askufachi

begirt, askufa

begot, the first; tikba

begotten, nan toba

begotten of, atoba

begrease, to; litikfochi

begrudge, to; potanno

beguile, to; haksichi

inho-

BYINGTON ]

behave well, to; hopoksia

behead, to; nushkobo tabli

beheaded; nushkobo tapa, tapa

behind; a”shaka, obala, obalaka, obalh-
pela, okbal, olbal, ukbal, ulbal

behind, to cause to go; ulbalakachi

behold! inta, yaki

behold, to; hoporkoyo, pisa

behold sideways, to; afalapoa

beholder, na pisa

behoove, to; alhpesa

being, an invisible or supernatural;
nan isht ahollo

being, human; hatak

being thus, yakohmi

being with, tarkla

belated; achiba, atapa

belch, to; akeluachi

belie, to; holabi, holabichi

belied, achokushpa

belief, yimmi

believe, to; anukfohki, yimmi

believe, to cause to; yimmichi, yimmi-
hechi

believe in, to; ayimmi

believe the gospel, to;
yimmi

believer; na yimmi, yimmi

believer in the gospel, aba anumpa
yimme

bell; tali shiloha, tali shilunhachi, talula

bell collar, isuba inuchi

bell founder or maker, isuba inuchi ikbi

bellied, pot-; takoba chito

bellow, to; fopa, woha

bellowing, woha

bellows; luak isht apu®fachi, luak isht
purfa

bellows, the mouth of a; apunfa

belly; iffuka, ikfuka, takoba

belly, a fish’s; nani intali hata

bellyache, ikfuka hotupa

bellyband, ik/uka isht talakchi

bellyful, kaiya

belong to, to; aiahalaia

belonging to the public, okla moma
imma

beloved; haloka, holitopa

beloved man, hatak holitopa

below; nuta, nutaka

below, the place; akka

below, the space; nutaka

belt, isht askufachi

belted, askufa

aba anumpa

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

393

bench; aiobinili falaia, aiomanili falaia

bend; apoloma, bikota, pilefa, potoma,
shokulbi, tanakbi, tikpi, waiya

bend, to; bichokachi, bichoti, bichota,
bichulli, bichullichi, bikoha, bikokachi,
bikoli, bikota, bikulli, bitonoa, bitonoli,
bokota, bokulli, chasala, chasalachi, chik-
sanakli, kochofa, kochuffi, kusha, kush-
kachi, kushkoa, kushli, pitema, potoma,
potomi, potomoa, potomoli, shanaia,
shanaiachi, shanaioli, tabbanachi, tanak-
bichi, tanantobichi, tanallachi, tanallali,
tanalloli, tobbonali, tonok-
bichi, waioha, waiohachi, waiya, waiyachi

bend, to make; bicholichi, bikotichi,
bikullichi, paiotichi, potomolichi

bend and break down, to; akosha,
akushlichi

bend and turn up, to; ibakchishinli,
ibakchushli

bend down, to; akochofa, akochuffi, bi-
kuttokachi, kahammi, kocholi, kushkuli

bend on a tool, a; paiofa

bend once, to; bikotakachi

bend one’s self, to; chiksanalli

bend over, to; apolomi, apolomolili,
paiofa, paioti, paknachi, pilefa, piloa,
piloti

bend up, to; bokonoli, ibakchushlichi,
paioffi, paiolr

bender; bicholi, bichulli, bikoli, bikulli

bends; apofomoa, bikoha, chasaloha, poto-
moa, waioha

bends, one who; paioffi

beneath; nuta, nutaka

beneath, the place; akka

benediction, aiokpanchi

benefaction; aiilhpeta, na halbina, nan
ilhpita

benefactor; habenachi, na habenachi

beneficiary, na habena

benefit; azisht ilapisa, na halbina

benefit, to; achchukmali, yukpali

benevolent, achukma

benight one, to; oktilechi

benighted, oklili

bent; bichokachi, bichota, bikoha, biko-
kachi, bikota, bitonoa, bochusa, bokota,
chasaloha, chasala, chikisana, chikisanali,
chiksanali, ibakchushli, kochofa, kofuna,
kushkachi, kushkoa, potoma, potomoa,
shanaioa, tabbana, tanakbi, tanantobi,
tanalloha, tannalla, tobbonoa, tonokbi,
waioha, waiya

tobbonoti,

394

bent and broken down; akosha, akushli

bent and turned up, ibakchishinli

bent double, apoloma, chunuli

bent down; akochofa, kocholi, kusha

bent leg, iyi tanakbi

bent line, auatali

bent over; paiofa, paioha, pilefa, piloa,
tobbona

bent up; kobokshi,
paiofa, paioha

benumb, to; illichi, shimohachi, shimoli,
tamahichi, tamissachi

benumbed; illi, shimoha, shimoli

bereave, to; alhtaklachi

bereaved, alhtakla

bereavement, alhtakla

berry; ani, nan ani

beseech, to; asilhha

beside, ichapaka

beside, to stand; apotoa

besmear, to; litehachi, liteli, okashalayt

besmeared, liteha

besotted; haksi, tasembo

bespeak, to; apobachi

bespoken for, alhpoa

best, achukma inshaht tati

bestir, to; ilhkolechi

bestow, to; boli, ima, ipeta

bestow in, to; ashachi

bet; kaha, kali

bet, to; kali

bet against, to; aseta

betake to, to; aiona

betray, to; illiissa, ishit fohki

betroth, to; apoa, apobachi

betrother, apoachi

better; achukma_ ishali,
imaiya, ishati, kanthmi

better, to; achchukmali, achukmalechi,
aiskiachi, hochukmali

better, to cause to get; kanihmichi

better, to get; kanihmit ia

bettered, achukma

between; avitintakla, ititakla, tukla

bewail, to; nukharklo, yaiya

beware of, to; ahah ahni, ahah imahni,
nuktata

beweep, to; yaiya

bewilder, to; aiyokomichi, imaiyokomichi

bewildered, imaiyokoma

bewitch, to; haksichi, hatak yushpakamma,
yushpakamoli, yushpakammi

bewitched; haksi, yushpakama

bewitched man, hatak yushpakama

koshuna, manaia,

imachanho,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

bewitcher, halak yushpakammi

bewyrap, to; apakfoli

beyond; imma, misha, mishema, mishtan-
nap

bibber; hatak okishko, okishko, okishko
shali

Bible, the; holisso, holisso holitopa

bicker, to; nukoa

bid, to; imissa, miha

bidden, anoa

bier; aionitola, hatak illi asholi

big; alota, chakali, chito, hocheto, ishto

Big Black River, lu%sa chito

bilbo, bashpo falaia

bile; basunlash, lakna

bilge of a cask, the; italhfoa tikpi

bilious; lakna a”sha, lakna inchito

bilk, to; haksichi

bill, ibishakni

billet of wood; iti tapa, iti tilofa, itt
tiloti

billow; banatboa, banatha, oka banatha,
oka banarya

billow, to; banatboa, banatha

billow, to make it; banathachi

bin; aialhto, itombi

bind, to; anumpa kallo ilonuchi, asitoh,
ashelichi, hotti, ibbak takchi, katanlichi,
siteli, sitoli, takchi

binder, isht alhfoa

binding quality, sita

bins, aiabiha

biped, iyi tuklo

birch tree, opahaksun

bird, hushi

bird, a carnivorous; okchata chito

bird, a certain; Dilinsbi, hashuk hata,
hushlokussa, kanshi, lanla, okchata chito,
okchiloha, okchuns, shorkak, tatathata

bird, a young; hushushi

bird cage; hushi aialhpita, hushi inchuka

bird snare, hushi isht hokli

bird trap, hushi isht albi

birth, attahpi

birth, a; atta

birthday; aiattatok nitak, atta, nitak
aiatta

biscuit; paska kallo, tiliko palaska
iskatini

bishop; aba anumpuli apistikeli, tksa
apistikeli

bishopric, apelichika
bison, yannash
bit; chinifa, tusha”fasi

BYINGTON ]

bit (piece of money), iskali, iskali achafa,
tali holisso

bit (of an auger), isht fotoha wishakchi

bit of a bridle, isuba itikapali

bit of paper, holisso tilafa

bitch; nashoba tek, ofi tek

bite; impa iskitini, kopoli

bite, one; kopoli achafa

bite, to; kiseli, kiselichi,
kopoli

biter; kiselichi, kobli, kopoli

bits, boshulli

bitter; homi, takba

bitter, to render; takbachi

bitter heart, chwrkash homi

bitter thing, na homi

bitter water, oka homi

bitterish, takbachi

bitterness, homi

bitterness of heart; chunkash homi

bitters, ikhinsh homi

blab, to; anol

blabber, nan anoli shati

black; alusa, lusa

black, to; lusachi

black cravat, inuchi lusa

black dye, isht lusachi

black dyestuff, nan isht lusachi

black-eyed, nishkin lusa

black gum; hush apa, iti ani itani

black haw, chanajila

black lead, naki lusa

black man, hatak lusa

black neckcloth, inuchi lusa

black place, alusa

black stock, inwnchi lusa

blackberry, bissa

blackberry brier, bissapi

blackbird, okchata

blackbird, a large; halan

blackbird, a small; shivkak

blacked, lusa

blacken, to; alusachi, holunsi, lusachi

blackener, /usachi

blackguard; chakapa, hatak chakapa

blackguard, to; chakapa

blacking; isht lusachi, nan lusachi

blackjack, chiskilik

blackness, lusa

blacksmith, boli, tali boli

bladder, hoshu” aialhto, imokato

blade; api, bashpo, hatak chilita, hatak
dlakshema shati, hishi

blade (a youth), nakni

kishi, kobli,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

395

blade bone, okpata

blain, wulhko

blame, anumpa onutula

blame, to; anwmpa onuchi

blamed, anumpa onutula

blamed for, onutula

blanch, to; kashoffichi, tohbichi

blanched, tohbi

blandish, to; anwmpa achukmalit chuka-
shichi

blank, a; holisso ikaholisso

blanket; anchi, shukbo

blanket another, to; anchichechi, anchi-
chi

blanketing, blue; nan okchal:o

blanketing, red; na humma

blanketing, white; nan tohbi

blaspheme, to; ahoba aba isht ikahobalo

blasphemer; aba isht ikahobalo, isht
tkahobalo

blast; fiopa, mati achafa, ola

blast, to; bashechi, bashi

blasted, bashi

blaze, libbi

blaze (a mark on a tree), atila

blaze, to; libbi

blaze (or mark a tree), to; til, iti titi

blaze, to cause it to; libbichi

blazed, tila

blazed tree, iti tila

bleach, to; hatokbichi, kashoffichi, ok-
shauanlichi, okshawashlichi, tohbichi

bleached; okshauanli, tohbi

blear eye, nishkin oktalonli

blear-eyed, nishkin oktulonli

bleat, to; yarya

bled; issish inkucha, tumpa

bleed, to; issish i”hina tumpli, issish
mkuchi, issish kucha, issish minti, issish
mitaja, issish mitaffi, lumpli, shakba
tumpli

bleed, to cause to; issish milaffi

bleed, to make the nose; ibikoachi

bleed at the nose, to; ibikoa
leed the arm, to; shakba lumpli

bleeding, issish mitafa

blemish, Jusa

blemish, to; okpani

blend, to; aiyuwma, yammichi

blended, aiyuma

bless, to; aiokpachi, holitobli, yukpali,
yukpalit anumpuli

blessed; holitopa, na yukpa, yukpa

blessing, aiokpanchi nan isht aiyukpa

396

blighted, bashi

blind; Japa, nishkin lapa, nishkin tamoa

blind, a; isht ukhalapa

blind, born; lapa i”moma

blind, entirely; nishkin lapat kania

blind, to; lapa, nishkin lapachi, nishkin
okpant

blind eye, nishkin lapa

blind the eyes, to; tammoli

blind-eyed, nishkin oktalonli

blindfold, to; nishkin luhma

blindfolded, nishkin luma

blindness; lapa, lapa immoma, nishkin
lapa

blister, holhpa, wulhko

blister, to; itowulhkachi,
wulhko, wulhkocht

blister, to cause to; wulhkochi

blister by heat, to; towulhkachi

blistered; ifowulhko, wulhko

blithe, yukpa

bloat, to; shatabli, shatammi

bloated; shatabli, shatablicht

block; iti baka, iti tapa

block, to; bakati, bakatichi

block out, to; iti bakli

block up, to; atapachi, okshita, oktabli

blocked, bakati

blocked up, alapa

blockhead, hatak imanukfila iksho

blood, issish

blood, sacred; issish hanta

blood, to vomit; issish hoeta

blood vessel; issish akshish, issish inhina

bloodroot, pishkak

bloodsucker; halu”s, lasun. yalums

bloody; ‘issish bano, issish bieka

bloody, to; issish bano

bloody sweat, issish laksha

bloom; nam pakanlt, pakanl

bloom, to; pakanli

bloomed, pakanli

blossom; nam pakanli, pakanli

blossom, to; pakanli

blossom, to cause to; pakanlichi

blossomed, pakanli

blot; isht holissochi otlatapa, lusa, lusa
talaia

blot, to; isht holissochi otatabli, lusachi

blot out, to; kashoffichit kancha

blotted; isht holissochi ontatapa, lusa

blotted out, kashofa

blow; atisso, fahama, isso, kabak, kabuk,
kobuk, sakalichi

itowulhko,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 46

blow (flower); nam pakanli, pakanli

blow (wind), mali

blow, a slight; chikitha

blow (as a fly), to; cheli

blow (as a horn), to; ola, olachi

blow (as the wind), to; apeli, apanuk-
fila, mati, matichi

blow (or pant), to; fohukli

blow (with the mouth), to; apu”fachi,
purfa, purfachi

blow, to cause to; pu”fachechi

blow an instrument, to; pu”fachechi

blow down, to; yuti

blow the nose, to; tirka

blower; pu®fa, pu®fachi

blowgun, uski tumpa

blown; alhpu®fa, ola, pakanli

blown about, yula

blown into, alhpu®fa

blowpipe; apu”fachi, isht apunfachi

blows; kabakachi, kamakachi

blows, one who; olachi

bludgeon; atashi, itashi, iti tapena

blue; okchakalbi, okchako, okchamali

blue, to; okchakochi

blue dyestuff; nan isht okchakuchi, nan
asht okchamalichr

blue flag, hashuk pancha

bluebird, a small; okchanlush

blue-eyed, oktalonli

bluff, a; sakti

bluff, a high; kunchonwaka

bluff, a ridged; sakti tanfa

bluff, a steep; sakti chaha

blunder, ashachi

blunderbuss, tanamp nthi chito

blunderer, ashachi

blunderhead, hatak nusilhha shalt

blunt; <ibaktokonli, ibaktokotshhi, ibbak
tokonli, tasalli tilikpi, tukbi, tukbichi

blunt, to; ibaktokonlichi, ibaktokoshlichi

blunted; ibaktokonli, tukbi

blunt-faced, to be; ibaklipinli

blur, lusa

blur, to; lusachi

blurred, lusa

blush, to; hummachi, nashuka hummat
ont taha

boar, shukha nukni

board (food); ilhpak, impa

board maker, na shimmi

board, to; wmpohomi

board (give food), to; hpak ata, impa

boarded; umpatalhpo, umpoholmo

BYINGTON]

boarded (given food), i/hpak imataha

boarder, avimpa

boast, ilauata

boast, to; fehnachi, ilauata, ilefehnachi

boaster; hatak ilawata, ilauaia

boasting, an occasion of; isht ilawata

boat; iti kula, pent

boat, a flat; pent patassa

boat, a large; peni chito

boat, a light; peni shohala

boat, asmall; penushi

boat captain, pent i"kapetant

boat landing, peni ataiya

boat rope; pent i@ponola, peni isht
talakcht

boatload, pent ishapo

boatman; peni isht arya, pent isht atia

bobtail, hasimbish tapa

bobtailed, hasimbish tapa

bodiless, haknip iksho

body; apetiechi achafa, api, haknip

body, a dead; nan illi

body, a strange; haknip inla

body, another; haknip inla

bog, latimo

boggy; labeta, tatimo

boil, hichi

boil, to; honi, tabocha, taboshli, watalli

boil, to cause to; holbichi, labeshlichi,
watallichi

boil coffee, to; kafi honi

boil down, to; ashepachechi

boil in the kernel, to; lubona, luboni

boil potatoes, to; uhe hobi

boil up, to; anuktobulli, tobunlli

boil up, to cause to; anuktobullichi,
tobullicht

boil whole, to; hobi

boiled; holbi, honni, lubona, tabocha, nuna

boiled beans, bala hobbi

boiled coffee, kafi honni

boiled down, ashepachi

boiler; alabocha, awatalli, honi, shuti

boiler, a small; awatlalli iskitini

boiling, watalli

boils, small; hichushi

boisterous; kallo, yahapa, yuhapa

bold; aiyimita, nukwia tksho

bold, to render; naknichi

bold man, a; hatak chilita

boldness; aiyimita, chunkash
nukwia iksho

bolled, yushkobolichi

bolster, alhpishi falaia

nakni,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

397

bolt; isht yuha, shumo naki

bolt, a rag; tali fobassa isht atiapachi

bolt, to; itz bakli, tali fobassa isht akamas-
salli, yuti

bolt of cloth, nan tanna bonunta

bolted; tali fobassa isht akamassa, yuha

bolter, isht yuha

bond; isht itihalalli, isht talakchi, nan isht
talakchr

bondage; yuka ansha, yukat ansha

bondage, in; yuka anta

bond-bound, yuka

bondmaid; ohoyo yuka, yuka ohoyo

bondman; hatak yuka, yuka, yuka hatak

bonds, in; yuka anta

bondservant, yuka tovksali

bondwoman; ohoyo yuka, yuka ohoyo

bone, font, na font

bone-ache; font hoiupa, foni kommichi

boneless, foni tksho

boneset (a weed), shauashko

bonesetter, /foni falammint itifohki

bonnet; ialipa, ohoyo ishapo, shapo

bonnyclabber; pishukchi hauashko, pish-
ukchi walasha

bony; joni bano, foni laua, kallo

booby, hatak nusilhha shati

book; holisso, tali isht holisso

book, bad; holisso okpulo

book, to; holisso takalichi

book account, a; ifatoba holisso

book cover; holisso otipa, holisso um-
patha

bookbinder, holisso ontipa ikbi

bookcase, holisso aialhto

booked, holisso takali

book-learned, holisso pisa tinponna

bookmaking, holisso ikbi

bookmate, holisso ibapisa

bookseller, holisso kanchi

bookstore, holisso avitatoba

bookworm; holisso ishu"shi, holisso pisa
shati

bookish, holisso pisa shati

boon; habena, habenachi

boost, to; tobli aba isht ia

boot; shulush chaha, shulush hallo falaia,
shulush hofaloha

boot (something in addition), alapanli

boot, to; shulush kallo falaia holo

boot, to give; alapalechi

boot, to put on a; shulush kallo falaia
holo.

booted, shulush kallo falaia holo

398

booth; alhtipo, iti chishakko hosh ontika

boot-tree, shulush chaha atoba

booty; imilbik, na wehpoa, tanap

booze, to; ishko fena, nalli

boozy; haksi, haksi chohmi

borax; tali hata isht akmi, tali holiya

border; aiati, alaka, aposhokachi, ah,
lapalika, takchaka

border, one who makes a; tukchaka,
ikbi

border, to; fololichi, takchaka ikbi

border of a dooryard, akuchuti

bore; fotohu, nihi

bore, to; fololi

bore at, to; afotoh

bore of a gun, tanamp nihi

bore there, to; afofoli

Boreas, falammi mali

bored; fotoha, tukati, turkachi

bored at, afotoha

bored through, tukafa

borer; /otoli, isht fotoha, iti isht fotoha,
kitak, na fotoli

born; atta, toba

born of, toba

born the first, to be; tikba atta

borne, shatya

borough, tamaha

borrow, to; pota

borrower; num pota, pota

bosom, shakba poloma

botch, to; akkalli, alhkata, shatammi

botched, alhkata

both; aieninchi, binka, whapa, minka,
tunklo

both at once, tatalavka

both sides, on; itataklaka

both together, itatuklo

both ways at the same time, ‘t/ata kla

bothered, imaiyokoma

bottle; kotoba, kotoba alota achata

bottle, a flat; kotoba patassa

bottle, a glass; kotoba shohkalali

bottle, a leather; shukcha

bottle, to; kotoba abeli

bottled; kotoba abeha, kotoba alolua

bottom, akashtala, akka

bottom land, patasachi

bottom of a chair, aivmanili

bough, i/i naksish

bounce, to; folupli

bound; asheha, ashehachi, talakchi

bound, a; tolupli

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

bound, to; aatichi, akallo,
tolupli, tulli

bound, to cause to; foluplichi

bound about, afol! ;

bound round; apakfoa, alhfoa

bound tight, hutan!i

bound up; aschta, sita, sitoha

boundary, ali

bounding, tolupli

bounds, aiali

bourne, ali

bow; 7 tanampo,
tanamp shibata

bow (an act of obeisance), akkachunoli

bow (for bass viol), afepa chito isht olachi

bow, to; bikuttokachi, kushotah, yushchu-
nulr

bow bent, tanukbi

bow down, to; waiahpa

bow leg, a; iyi tanakbi

bow of a boat; ibish, pent chito ibish,
pent ibish, pent nushkobo

bow the head, to; akashchunoli, akka-
chunni, akkachunoli, yuhchonoli, yuh-
chunni, yuhchunukli

bowed, chunuli

bowed down; chunuli, tobbona

bowels, the; anutkaka, iffuka, ikfuka,
iskuna, nukharklo, takoba

bower; aboha anusi, hoshontika, iti
chishatkko hosh ontika

bowing, mahaia

bowl, ampo

bowl, a broken; ampkoa

bowl, a large; ampo chito

bowl, a small; ampushi

bowl, a small wooden; itampushi

bowl, a wooden; itampo

bowman, iti tanampo isht anya

bowstring; iti tanampo isht talakchi,
tanamp shibata isht talakchi

box; aialhto, itombi, ttombi alota achafa,
pasalicht

box, a small; ifombushi

box, to; pasaha

box for oil, kotoba

box up, to; itombi abeli, itombi fohki

boxed; itombi abeha, itombi fohka

boxer; hatak itishali, pasaha

boxful, itombi alota

boy, alla nakni

brace; isht tikili, tikeli, isht tikoti, obala
Soka isht halalli

asitoha,

potoma, potomoa,

BYINGTON ]

brace (two); ichapa, tuklo

brace, to; katanlichi, tampkuchi

braced; kallo, tampko

brackish; homi, kalancha

brackishness, /alancha

brad; chufak chipinta, chufak ushi

brag; hatak ilawata, hatak isht ilawata,
tlauata

brag, to; tlauata

braggadocio; hatak ilawata, hatak isht
tlawata

braggart, hatak isht ilawata

braid, pana

braid, to; panni, tanaffo

braided; alhtannafo, pana, tannaffo

braider, tanaffo

brain; imanukfila, lupi

brainpan, lupi aialhto

brake, aboli

bramble; bisakchakinna, bissapi, kantak
apt

brambly; bisakchakinna foka, bissapi foka

bran; haklopish, hoshunluk, pishilukchi

branch; /elami, felamichi, filammi, filam-
minchi, iti naksish, naksish, naksish
filamoli, naksish filumminchi naksish
infilammte

branch, a small; okmo/fi

branch, to; filamoli, filamminchi

branch of a creek; bok chulaffi, bok
chuli, bok ushi

branch of a horn, lapish jilamminchi

branch off from, to cause to; /ilam-
michi

branch out, to; wahhaloha

branches, full of; washaloha

brand, iti tapa lua

brand, to; inchunli

brand (mark), inchurwa

brand iron; isht inchunli, isht inchurnwa

brand new, himmona

brand of tobacco, hakchuma palaska

branded, inchu?wa

branding instrument, isht inchunli

brandish, to; fahfuli, fali

brandished, fahfoa

brandisher, /ali

brandy, oka homi

brangle, to; achowa

brass; asonak lakna, tali lakna

brass kettle, asonak, asonak lakna

brass pan, a large; asonak lakna chito

brass ring for the wrist, tachammaha

brass vessel, asonak

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

399

brassy, asonak lakna chuhmi

brat, alla

brave; aiyimita, chilita, hichali, hoyopa,
kamassa, kaninlau iksho, nakni, nukwia
iksho

brave, a; nakni, patakitta

brave man, hatak nakni

brave, to; pavfi

brave, to render; naknichi

bravery; aiyimita, churkash nakni

brawl, to; nukoa

brawny, kallo

bray, sihinka

bray, to; hoputsi, hussi, sihinka, woha

bray in, to; ahosi

brayed; holhpusi, holussi

braze, to; asonak lakna isht akmichi

brazed, asonak lukna isht akmi

brazen, asonak lakna atoba

brazier; asonak lakna ikbi, asonak lakna
isht akmichi

breach, a; akobafa, atiwa, kobafa, litafa,
mitafa, mitalr

breach of the law, a; anumpa kobafa

bread; banaha, ilhpak, paska

breadth; auata, hopatka, patha

breadth of cloth, okhoataka

break; akobajfa, atiwa, mitafa, mitati,
tapa

break (a weed), tapintapi

break, to; akatalli, akauwichi, apinnichi,
bichillichi, katoti, katapa, kauwa, kauwi,
kauwichi, kawa, koa, kobafa, kobati, ko-
balichi, kobaffi, kochofa, kochuffi, kokoa,
kokuli, koh, kostininchi, kushkachi,
kushkoa, kushkuli, kushli, litafa, litati,
litatichi, litaffi, pakulli, pichelichi, po-
kota, tilofa, tushatichi, tushli, tushtuli

break, to cause to; kobaffichi, pakullichi

break a law, to; anumpa kobaffi

break a ship, to; pent chito koli

break and bend, to; kusha

break and bend, to cause to; kushlichi

break and bend down, to; akawwi, ako-
chuffi

break and bend down, to cause to;
akochuffichi

break at, to; akobafa, ataptua, ataptuli

break bushes, to; okafoli

break down, to; akosha, akushlichi,
kinafa, kinati, kinatichi, kinaffi, tiapa,
tiabli

400

break in pieces, to; boshulli, boshullichi,
kobulli, kobullichi, lishoa, tushtua,
wotobh

break in two, to; kolofa, pakota, tabli

break of day, the; onnat minti

break off, to; atabli, kotafa, kotati,
kotatichi, kotaffi, pakota, tiloffi, tilotichi,
tushaffi

break off pieces, to; tushtuli

break off short, to; tiloti

break open, to; akalalli, bokafa, boka-
kankachi, bokatichi, bokaffi, katali, mitafa,
mitahi, mitatichi, mitaffi, pichefa

break through, to; dukati

break up, to; tushatichi

break wind, to; huksoh

breaker, a; litaffi, kobaffi, kochuffi, ko-
kuli, koli, tabla

breakfast, onnahinli impa

breakfast, to; onnahinli impa impa

breaking, a; kala

breaking down, a; liapa

breast, ikkishi, tmatananchi, ipirshik,
ohoyo ipitshik é

breast, to; beti

breast of a fowl, the; haship

breastbone; tkkisht foni, imantananchi,
imitaklish

breastbone, the hole or notch in the;
imilhfitukhak

breastbone, the lower part of the;
walwa, mwalwa

breastbone, the upper end of the;
ikfetap, imikfetukhak

breastpin; isht alepulli, isht alopulli

breastplate; inuchi chinakbi

breath; fiopa, ilhfiopa, ithfiopak

breath, a consumptive person’s;
likinhacht

breath, to give; jfiopachi

breath of life, i/hfiopa okchaya

breath sundered, jiopa tapa

breathe, to; jiopu

breathe, to cause to; jfiopachi

breathe hard, to; kallot fiopa, katanih

breathe loud, to; chitolit fiopa

breathe quick and hard, to; shutuk-
shonlt

breathe with difficulty, to; ditinka

breathed in, alhpunfa

breathless; jiopa taha, nukbepa, nuk-
bepoa

breech, obala

breech of a gun, the; sokbish isht
ashana, tanamp tmatahshi, tanamp sok-
bish

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

breeches, obalu foka

breed, isht atia

breed, to; cheli, ikhananchi
breed, to cause to; chelichi
breeder; cheli, hofallichi
breeze, mati iskitint
brethren; itibapisa, itibapishi
brew, to; honi

brewed, honni

bribe; habenachi, isht haksichi
bribe, to; chu”kash chumpa, haksichi
briber, isht haksichi

brick, lukfi nuna

brickbat, lukfi nuna tushafa
bricklayer, lukfi nuna boli

‘brickmaker, lukfi nuna ikbi

bridge; bok itipatalhpo, iti patapo, iti
patalhpo

bridge, to; iti patalhpo ikbi

bridge maker, iti patalhpo ikbi

bridle, iswba kapali

bridle a horse, to; isuba kapali kapali-
chi

bridle bit; kapali, tali isuba kapali

bridle path, isuba i”hina

bridle reins; isuba kapali isht talakchi,,
kapali isht talakchi

brief; tilofasi, yushtololi

brief, a; holisso

brief, to make; yushtololichi

brier, a kind of; kantak

brier-root bread, kantak paska

brig, a; pent chito

bright; halalukachi, hanta, malancha,
malanta, malata, malmakachi, okshau-
ashli, shohkalali, shohmalali, shohma-
lashli, shumpalali, tohchalali, tohkasati

bright, made; halalu”kachi

bright, to make; hantachi, okshauan-
lichi, shohkalalichi, tohkasatichi

brighten, to; halalu®lichi, malantachi,
shohmalalichi, shumpalalichi, tohkasatichi

brightened, malantkachi

brightness; halalukachi, malancha, ma-
latha, shohmalali

brilliant, tohkasli

brilliant, to render, fohkaslichi

brim, paknaka

brim of a hat; impashia, shapo haksobish

brimful, alotowa

brimstone, hitwk lakna

brinded; bakoa, basoa

brindled; basasu”kachi, basoa, chinisa

brine; hapi okchi, oka hapi

BYINGTON |

brine spring, kali hapi oka

bring, to; ala, isht ala, shali

bring back, to; falamichi, falammichi

bring down, to; akkachi

bring forth, to; cheli, veshi, kuchi, waya

bring forth a child, to; alla eshi, alla
shola

bring forth fruit, to; anit waryu

bring forth young, to; sholi

bring here, to; shali

bring in, to; kuchi

bring near, to; akanalichechi, bilinkachi

bring out, to; kuchi

bring out of, to; akuchi

bring over, to; fanablichi

bring this way, to; awuechi, taklachi,
taklechi

bring to, to; isht ona

bring to a point, to; frlichi

bring to nought, to; itshokechi

bring together, to; apeli, itannali

bring up, to; attat hofantichi, hofantichi,
ikhananchi

bring water, to; ochi

bringer; isht ala, isht minti, shali

brink, ontalaka

brink of a river, okhina ontalaka

brisk, tushpa

brisket; bichwrko, ikkisht

brisket of an ox, fi”klish

bristle; chushuk hishi kallo, nali hishi,
shukha chushak hishi

bristle, to; shachala, shachia

bristled, to become; /hasharya

broach, isht alopulli

broach, to; twwi

broach of cotton, ponola tali kucha

broach of yarn, tali kucha achafa

broad; auata, hopatka, patha, patasah,
watta

broad, to make; hopatkalli, pathachi

broadcloth, coarse; nana

broadcloth, red; nan tishepa

broad-nosed, ibaktabanli

broadsword, bashpo falaia patha

broider, to; yikowa

broil; achowa, itachoa, itachoa

broil, to; apushli

broiled, alhpusha

broiled meat, nipi alhpusha

broken; chilukoa, kalakshi, kauwa, kawa,
kilhkiki, koa, kobafa, kobati, kochofa,
kokoa, kostini, kusha, kushkachi, kush-
koa, litafa, litati, pakota, pokota, tushtua

84339°—Bull. 46—15 26

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

401

broken and bent down, akawa

broken and split, akata

broken down; akosha, akushli, kinafa,
kinati, tiapa, tiapakachi

broken in fragments, boshull+

broken in heart, nukharklo

broken in two; tapa

broken off, tilofa, tiloha

broken open; bokafa, bokati, bokokakachi

broken pieces, kobali

broken there or at, akobaja

broken to pieces, lishoa

broken twigs, /uli kaua

broken up (as land), okchaha

broken wind; /iopa kobafa, fiopat taha

broken-winded, /iopa taha

broker, tali holisso itatoba

broom, isht bashpoa

broomstick, isht boa api

bronchitis, chakwa

brooch; isht akamassa, isht alepulli

brood; akavk ushi petiechi, petechi, ushi

brook; bok, bok chulaffi, bok ushi

broth, okchi

brothel, ohoyo haui aiasha

brother; anakfi, amanni, imanni, i?nak/fi,
wmnakfish, itibapishi, itibapishi atiha,
itibapishi fehna, nakfi, nakfish

brotherhood, itibapishi atiha

brother-in-law; amalak, amalak usi,
amombalaha, imaiyopik, imalak, imala-
kusi, imombalaha

brought out; akucha, kucha

brought up; attat hofanti, hofanti

brow; imosana, ontalaka

brow of a hill, nanth aiati

brown; /holuwrsi, homakbi, itotankabi,
itotorkabi, lusakbi, shakbona, tutarkoba

brown, dark; lusbi, lusluki

brown, to; haton laknachi, lusakbichi

brown coffee, to; kafi auashli

brown color, haton lakna

bruise, chilina

bruise, to; litoti

bruised; chitina, kushkoa, litoa

bruised to pieces; lishoa, wulopa

brush; isht kashokachi, isht kasholichi, nan
isht kasholicha

brush (bushes, etc.); iti naksish tapa,
shauwa

brush, green; ba/falli

brush, to; kasholichi, parshpuli

brush bower, iti chishakko

brushed; kashokachi, pa™shpoa

402

brush off, to; mofi, piri

brushed off, pi%/a

brushed place, apiha

brushy; yushwichali, yushwiheli

brushy, to make; yushwichalichi

brushy, to render the hair; yushwihe-
lichi

bubble, nishkin toba

bubble, to; chobokachi, nishkin toba

bubbling of water, chobokachi

buck; chukfalhpowa nakni, chukfi nakni,
chukfi pattakata nakni, isi kosoma nakni,
isi nakni, lapitta

buck, a spike; 7s? chufakni

bucket, isht ochi

buckeye; atai, atai

buckle; isht akamassa, isht akamassachi,
isht akamassalli

buckle, to; akamassali

buckled, akamassa

buckshot, nakwshi

buckskin; isi nakni hakshup, talhko

bud; bikobli, bokanli

bud, to; bikobli, bokanli, bokobli, bokupli

bud, to cause to; bikoblichi, bokanlicht

budded; bikobli, bokanli

budge, to; ilhkoli

budget, bahta

buffalo, yannash

buffalo, a young; yannash ushi

buffalo calf, yannash ushi

buffalo lick, yannash lukfapa

buffalo robe or skin; yannash hakshup

buffet, to; pasalichi, tamanchi

bug, shunshi

bug, a large black; shakshampi

bug, a red; shurkoma

bug, a water; hasun

bugbear, nan lusa chito

buggy, shu”shi lawa

bugle, zsht purfa

build, to; ikbi, talal

build a fire, to; tikbichi

build a log house, to; aboha itabanni

builder (of a house), aboha itabanni

building; aboha, aboha itabana, chuka

bulb; porkshi, tikpr

bulbous, bambaki

bull, wak nakni

bull beef, wak nakni nipi

bulldog, na hollofi

bullet, naki lumbo

bullet mold, nakahakmo

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

bullfrog, halonlabi

bullfrog, a young; shukatti

bullhead; nakishtalali, nakishwana

bullock, wak hobak

bulwark, holihta kallo

bumblebee; imosini, o%sini

bump; isso, paffala

bump, to; isso

bunch, a; fohopa kachombi, lukoli

bunch, to; lukolichi, takchichi

bunch in the flesh, a hard; kochombi

bunch of hyssop, pukussa

bundle; asehta, bovkachi, bonunta, buna,
hulbona, na buna, na hobuna, sita, sitoha,
shapo, talakchi

bundle up, to; bonulli

bung, italhfoa isht alhkama

bung, to; akammi, akamoti, kamali

bunghole, abicha

bunt, to; aboa, aiisso, biti, isso, komoha

buoyancy, shohala

buoyant, shohala

bur, hakshup

burden; na weki, shapo

burden, to; shapulechi

burdened, shapoli

burdensome; palammi, weki

burial; hatak hopi, hohpi

buried, hollopi

burn, a; alua, holhpa, holukmi, lua

burn, to; aluachi, anakshonfi, anakshoti,
auashli, chunkash lua, holhpalli, hukmi,
hushmi, hushpali, itobila, itot arya,
itowulhko, kitaia, libbachih, libbi, lua,
luachi, nipi lua

burn a house, to; chuka hukmi

burn at, on, or there, to; alua

burn inwardly, to; ituklua

burn to coal, to; akabu™shli

burned, Jwa

burner; hushmi, lwachi

burning; holushmi, hushmi, lashpa, lua

burning glass, apisahukmi

burning in the stomach, nukkiteli

burnish, to; shohmalalichi

burnished, shohmalali

burnisher, shohmalalichi

burnt; akaborsha, atohbi, anakshonfa,
anakshua, holhpa, hollokmi, holushmi, -
hushpa, lua

burnt, having the flesh; nipi lua
burnt place, alua
burrow, poa nusi

BYINGTON |

burst, bokafa

burst, to; bichillichi, bokafa, bokatichi,
katali, pichelichi

burst, to cause to; mitatichi

burst open; kaloha, kala, mitafa, mitali

burst open, to; bokakankachi, fachanli,
katoti, kata, mitafa, mitali, mitaffi

burst open and spill, to; katoha

burst through, to; lukafa

bursting open; kala, kaloha

bury, to; hohpi, hopi, umpohomo

burying ground, hatak aholopi

bush; bafaha, bafalli, naksish

bush, a certain; akkasoli

bush, to; abili

bush arbor, iti chishatkko hosh ontika

bushed; abela, abila

bushel; bushul, isht alhpisa, tavsh isht
alhpisa

bushel, a half; bushul iklanna, tanchi
isht alhpisa

bushy; ba/alli, bafalli foka

business; isht atta, kaniohmi, nan isht
anta, nan isht atta

bustle, to; twshpa

busy; ashwanchi, ashwanchi, nan isht atta
imasha, nan isht atta inlaua

busy about; atta, anta

busy with, atta, isht anta

but; amba, he, illa,kama, kia, yamohmikia,
yohmi kia

but if, mih

but the, kak

butcher; nan abi, nipi bashli, wak abi

butcher, to; abi

butcher case (stars so called), fichik
issuba

butler, oka bicheli

butt; aiati, akashtala, akishtala, holisso
lilafa, iti tita

butt end of a gun, tanamp sokbish

butter, wak pishukchi nia, pishukchi nia

butter, to; pishukchi nia lapalichi

buttered, pishukchi nia lapali

butterfly; hatapushik, hatapushik

buttermilk, pishukchi nia okchi

buttery, pishukchi aiasha

buttocks; hapullo, obala

button; ahalalli, atapachi, isht akamassa,
isht akamassachi, isht akamassalli, isht
atapachi, tali isht attapachi

button, a metal; tali haksi, tali isht
akamassa

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

403

button, a sleeve; shakba tali haksi
lapala

button, an iron; tali haksi

button, to; akamassali, atapachi

button maker, fali haksi ikbi

button to a door, isht afacha

buttoned, akamassa

button eye, tali haksi nishkin

buttonhole; tali haksi akamassa, tala
haksi chiluk

buttonwood tree, sini

buttress; isuba iyakchush isht bashli,
tikeli

buxom, yukpa

buy, to; pit

buy, to cause to; chwmpachi

buy with cash, to; chumpa

buyer, chumpa, nan chumpa

buyer on credit, ahekachi

buzz, to; timihachi

buzzard, sheki

buzzard, a short-tailed; sheki kolofa

buzzing, timihachi

by; a, apunta, lapali, ont

by and by; himmakma, hopakikma, hopa-
kikmako

by himself, ilapissa

by itself, la

by means of; ai, aiitintakla, isht, na,
takla

by reason of, hatuk

by surprise; haksinchit, haksint

by themselves; tap binka, ilapissa

by whom, isht

by-name, hochi/o okpulo

by-place; apotaka, naksika

bystander; yopisa, talot maya

cabbage; tohe, kalush

cabbage worm, kalushapa

cabin; chuka, aboha iskitint

cabin, an Indian; hatak api humma
inchuka

cabinetmaker, itombi aiimpa chuhmi ikbi

cable; peni i”ponola, peni isht talakchi

caboose, pent ahopont

cabriolet, iti chanalli iskitini palhki

cackle, to; chatichaha, kavlhkuha, tavk-
taha

cackler; kalhkuha, tarktaha

cackling, a; ka”lhkuha, tarktaha

cadaverous, hata

caddy, itombushi

404

cage, alion’s; koi chito inchuka

cage, to; hushi inchuka fohki

caged, hushi inchuka fohka

caitiff; hatak haksi

cajole, to; haksichi

cake, paska champuli

cake up, to; shatammi

caked; kachombi, shatamma

calamitous, ilbasha

calamity; ilbasha, nan imokpulot ilbasha

calash, ohoyo ishapo

calculate, to; ahni, hotina

calculation, na holhtina

calculator, hotina

caldron, shuti chito

calendar, hashi nitak isht ikhana

calf, wak ushi

calf, a bull;. wak ushi nakni

calf of the leg; hulhki, iyi hulhki, iyir
shilukwa

calfskin, wak ushi hakshup

caliber; nihi, tanamp nihi, tanampo ittopa

calico; inchu™wa, nantapaski

calk a cracked boat, to; peni koa kafo-
lichi

calked; alhkama, alhkomoa

call, to; a, achi, maka

call, to (to name); hochifo

call, to (to shout to); i”hoa, pa”ya

call after, to; tahpala

called; hohchifo, hochifo

called in, hohchifo

called to; aianowa, apahyah

caller; i”hoa, nan whoa

calling, alhtayak

callous; kamassa, kallo

callous, a; salbo

callous, to make; salbochi

calm; chilosa, chulosa, kinint iksho, nuk-
tala, shohmakali

calm, a; chilosa, nuktala, yokopa

calm, to; chilosachi, chulosa, nuktalachi,
nuktalali, shohmakalichi, yokopa, yoko-
pachi

calm, to become; chulosa

calm, to make a; chilosachi

calmed; chilosa, nuktala, yokopa

calmer, chulosachi

calmness; shohmakali

calomel, ikhitsh bota ishkot ikfia

calumba, akshish lakna chito

calumet; hakchwma ashuka, hakchuma
shutt

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

calumniate, to; anumpa okpulo onuchi

calumniated, anumpa okpulo onutula

calumniator, anuwmpa okpulo onuchi

calumny; anumpa okpulo, anumpa
okpulo onucht

calve, to; cheli, wak ushi cheli, yannash
ushi cheli

camel, kamil

camel hair, kamil hishi

camp; abina, aialbina, albina, bina

camp, a deserted; bina awiha

camp, to; abina, abinanchi, abinachi,
atepuli, albinachi, binachi

camp at, to; aialbinanchi

campaign, tanap anya

campaign, to go on a; tanap avya

camped, bina ansha

camper, binachi

camphor; ikhitsh balam, nushkobo ho-
tupa ahammi

camping, a; binanchi

ean; ahinla, hinla, na, yoba

can, a; isht ochi, oka isht ochi

can be, hinla

can have, ahinlatok

can not; ahe keyu, aheto, awa, chinchint,
hatoshba, he keyu, heto, hikbat, wa

canal, okhina ikbi

cancel, to; kashoffi, kashoffichit kanchi

eancer; kachombi, shatammi. shilukwa
okpulo

cancerous swelling, kachombi

candid man, hatak imanukfila apissanli
achukma

candle, pala

candle extinguisher, pala isht mosho-
Licht

candle mold, pala aiakmo

candle snuff, pala ponola lua

candle snuffer, pala isht taptulr

candle stand, pala aionhikia

candle stuff, pala toba

candlelight, pala tohwikeli

candlestick; pala afoka, pala aionhikia,
pala ontalaia

candlewick, ponola pala atoba

candlewick, burnt; pala ponola lua

cane; oski, uski, uski anutka

cane (staff); isht tabeli, tabi

cane, a small; oskoba

cane, bent; uski botona

cane, large; uski chito

cane, young; kuni

BYINGTON ]

cane, to; bakaha, tabi isht bakaha, tabi
isht isso

cane mat, pachalh

cane spool; uski kolofa, uski koloti

cane tongs, uski kapush

canebrake; uski pata, uski patak

canebrake, a thick; uski chito

canine, ofi holba

caning, bakaha

canister, aialhto

canister of powder, hituk aialhto

canker, to; itakha litowa

canker in the mouth, itakha litowa

cankered mouth, itakha litowa

cannibal, hatak apa

cannon; tanamp chito, tanamp hochito

cannon ball, tanamp chito imaki

cannon shot; tanamp chito. inaki,
tanamp chito maki pit akanchi alhpesa

cannonade, to; tanamp hochito ontuka-
lichi

cannoneer, tanamp chito isht atta

canoe; iti kula, iti kula peni, iti peni,
pent, pent kula

canoe, along; peni kula falaia

canon, anumpa kallo

canopy, hoshontika

canteen; kotoba bolukta, kotobushi bo-
lukta

canter, to; hatulli, hatullichi, tabakli,
tabaklichi, tulli, tullichr

canter, to cause to; tabaklichi

canters, one who; tabakli

cantharides, shu"shi okchamali isht wulh-
kucha

canticle, ataloa

cantonment; tashka
tashka chipota inchuka

canvas, nan tanna na kallo

cap; iachuka, iatipa, shapo

capable, imponna

capacious; chito, patha

capacitate, to; aiatali

capacity, aiahanta

cape; na foka ilumpatali, shinakha,
umpatali, umpata, yakni okhata chito
pit shamali

caper, tullit fulokachi

caper, to; tullit fulokachi

capital, tamaha chito

capitation; hatak hotina, nushkobo atobbi

capitol, the; chuka hanta

capitulate, to; ilissa

capitulation, ilissa

chipota aiasha,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

405

capricious man, hatak imanukjila sha-
naioa

cap sheaf, the; paknaka ontalaia

capsicum; hishi homi humma, tishi homi
humma

capsize, to; filemat itola

capsule; haiyurkpulo nihi aialhto, hai-
yurkpulo nihi hakshup

captain; hopaii, kapitani

captain-general; hopaii, mitko

captious, nan isht amiha inlaua

captivate, to; chukash ishi, imanukfila
ishi, churkash yukachi

captivated; affetipa, yuka

captivating, ishi

captive; hatak yuka, na yuka, yuka

captive, a female; ohoyo yuka

captivity, yuka anta

captor; na yukachi, yukachi

capture, to; yukachi

captured, yuka

car, itt chanaha

caravan, hatak lauat arya

carbine, tanamp fabassa

carbon, luak tobaksi mosholi

carcass, nan ili

card; holisso isht baska, isht baska isht
shiahchi

card, to; baska

card cotton, to; shelichi

card wool, to; shelichi

carded; shiha, shihachi

carder, shelichi

carding machine, ponola isht shiahchi
chito

care; ahah ahni, isht ahalaia, nan isht
ahalaia

care, to; ahalaia, ahni

careful, ahah ahni

carefully, ahah ahni

careless; ahah ahni, ahah ahni iksho

carelessly, himak fokalit

caress, to; hiahni

cargo, pent alota, peni ishapo

caries, font toshbi

carious, foni toshbi

carious, to render; /oni toshbichi

carman, iti chanaha isht arya

carnation, homaiyi

carnival, impa chito

carol, ataloa

carol, to; taloa

carousal, okishko matya

carouse, to; okishko fehna

406

carpenter; chuka ikbi, iti shanfi

carpet; iti patalhpo umpatalhpo, wm-
patalhpo

carriage, shali

carriage (freight), alhtoba

carriage, a; iti chanaha, iti chanalli

carried, sha”ya

carrier; isht avya, isht arya shali, na
shali, na sholi, shali, sholt

carrion; nan illi, nipi shua

carrion crow, sheki kolofa

carry, to; anya, ia, isht ia, shahsholi, shali

carry, to cause to; shalichi, sholichi

carry along, to; shali

carry back, to; falammint isht ia

carry by, to; ia

carry in, to; chukoa

carry in a sling, to; hannaweli

carry on the back, to; sholi

carry on the head, to; ia

carry over, to; tanapolechi

carry through, to; lopulli

carry to, to; isht ona, shalt

carry to heaven, to; aba isht ona

carry up, to; aba isht ia

carry young, to; shali

carrying, shali

cart; ii chanalli, iti chanaha

cart, to; iti chanalli ashalr

carter, iti chanaha isht arya

cartridge, tanampo albiha achafa

cartwright, iti chanaha ikbi

carve, to; tushtuli

carved, basha

carver, tushtult

cascade; kihepa, oka chopa, oka pita-
fohopa, oka pitakinafa

case; afoha, afoka, itombi, itombushi,
nana, shukcha

case, to; itombi abeli, itombi fohki,
shukcha

case knife, bashpo ibbak pishinli, bashpo
isht impa

cased, itombi abeha

cash; tali fehna, tali holisso
cash, to; itatobat tali holisso ishi
cashier, holisso lapushki ikbi
cashier, to; kalakshichi, kobaffi
cashiered; kalakshi, kobafa, kucha
casing, apolusli

cask, italhfoa chito

casket, itombushi

cast, hakmo

cast, a; pila

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

cast, to; ashachi, hakmuchi, onochi, pila

cast away, to; kampila, kanchi

cast away, to be; itokania

cast back, to; falammichit pila

cast down, to; akkakoli, akkapila

cast headlong, to; itihpilachi

cast into, to; aiashachi

cast into the fire, to; itachi, itoashachi,
itokaha

cast into the sea, to; okachi

cast lots, to; na shoelichi

cast off the skin, to; wuklo

cast out, to; kohchi, kucha pila, kucha
weli, kucht

cast up, to; hotina

caster; hakmuchi, hotina, kanchi, koto-
bushi, pila

castigate, to; fammi

castigator; fammi, na fammi

casting, shuti iyasha akmuchi

castle, aboha kallo

castrate, to; bashli, hobak ikbi

castrated; hobak, hobak toba

castrato, hatak hobak

casual, ishkanapa

casualty, ishkanapa

cat, a wild; shakbatina

catacomb, hatak aholopi

catamount, koi

cataplasm, ashela

cataract; kihepa, sakti oka pit akinafa
(fall of water); nishkin tanla, nishkin
talhha (disease of the eye)

catch, to; albonli, halalli, haleli, hokli,
kanapachi, tachakat ishi, okhawi, yukachi

catch, to cause to; hoklichi

catch away, to; yichiffi

catch fish, to; nani hokli

catch sickness, to; abeka haleli

catch with the claws or fingers, to;
yicheli, yichiffi

catcher; hokli, na hokli, yichiffi

catching, abeka haleli

caterpillar, a poisonous; hatak holh-
palla

caterpillar, a species of; hatak holhpa,
hatak holhpalli holba

caterwaul, to; yawa

catfish; nakishtalali, nakishwana

cathartic; ikhinsh ishkot ont iachi, ikhitsh
ishkot ikfia, ishkot ikfia, isht topullr,
ulbal ont tachi

cattail flag, hashuk pancha, panti

BYINGTON |]

cattle; alhpoa, wak

cattle, a pair of working; wak toksali
itichapa

cattle, a range for; wak aiasha

cattle, a stall for; wak avimpa

cattle, a yoke of; wak itichapa

cattle, black; wak

caught; ashekonoa, halelili, yichowa

caul; ilapa, tapa

cause; nan thmi, nana

cause, to; aiohmichi, chi, nan thmichi

cause all, to; oklu™hachi

causeway, a wooden;
patalhpo

causeway, to make a; sakti ikbi

cauterize, to; luachi

cauterized, lua

caution, ahah ahni

caution, to; nan i@miha

cautioner, nan i”miha

cautious, ahah ahni

cavalry, isuba omanili tashka aliha

cave; hichukbi, hochukbi, tali chiluk,
yakni chiluk, yakni hichukbi

cave, to; yakni hichukbi aiatta

cave, to live in a; yakni hichukbi aiatta

cave in, to; oka hafeta, tibafa

cave in, to make; tibaffi

cave off, to; kitali

caved in, tibafa

cavern; hichukbi, hichukbi chito, hochukbi,
tali chiluk, yakni chiluk

cavil, nan isht amiha

cavity; chiluk, chuluk

caw, kakaachi

caw, to; kahkahachi, kakaachi, ola

cayenne pepper, hishi homi humma

cease, to; ahokofa, ahokoffi, auola, habofa,
haboti, issa, issachi, yokopa

cease, to cause to; auolachi

cease to love, to; ihollot issa

ceased, yokopa

ceaseless, ahokofa

cedar, chuata

cede, to; ima, issa, kanchi

ceil, to; alatali

celebrate, to; aiokpanchi, holitoblichi,
holitoblit isht anumpult

celebrated, holitopat isht anumpa

celebration, holitoblit isht anumpuli

celerity, shinimpa

celestial, aba

celibacy, ikauayo (see auaya)

cellar, aboha anutaka kula

iti patapo, itt

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

407

cement, to; aialbo, aialbuchi, akmochi

cemented; aialbo, akmo

cemetery, hatak aholopi

census; hatak holhtina, hatak puta holh-
tina, holhtina

cent, sint

center; aiiklana, chu”kash, iklanna

center, to; iklannachi

center of a tree, iti iskuna

centered, iklanna

centipede, a large; nutacha”ha

centurion; kapitani, sintilion

century, afammi tatepa achafa

ceremony, nana kaniohmi

certain; ali, kanimi, kaniohmi

certain, a; achafa

certainly; a”i, ba, hatoshke, pulla, urkah

certainly so, to be; achini

certificate, holisso tilafa

certify, to; holissochit anoli

cessation, the; ahokofa, auola, foha, issa

cession; ima, kanchi

chafe, to; pikofa, pikoffi, pikoli, pikotichi

chafe, to cause to; pikoffichi

chafed; pikofa, pikoli

chafer; pikoffi, pikofichi

chaff; haklopish, hakshup

chagrin, to; nukoachi

chagrined; hofahya, nukoa

chain; itatakali, itatakali

chain, a surveyor’s; yakni isht alhpisa

chain, an iron; tali ititakalle

chain, to; takchi

chain of cloth, api

chained, talakchi

chains, in; yuka anta

chair; aiorbinili, aiomanili, aionasha, iti
chanaha palhki

chair, elbow; aionasha aiataya asha

chair leg, aiorbinili api, aiomanili api,
aiomanile yt

chair post; aiomanili api, aiomanili iyi

chairman, pelicheka

chaise; iti chanaha palhki, iti chanalli
iskitini palhki

chalice, isht ishko

chalk, luk/fi hata

challenge, pa”/fi

challenge, to; pa”/i

challenge, to cause to; pa®fichi

challenged, pa/a

challenger, pa”fi

chamber, a; aboha anusi, aba iti pa-
talhpo, patalhpo, pihcha

408

chamber, an upper; aba patalho

chamber lye, hoshuwa

chamberlain, tishu

chameleon, fani imalakusi

chamois, isi kosoma

champ, to; hauatsa, hoarsa, hoparsa,
kaputi, kaputichi, kopolicht

champer, kaputi

chance, to do by; yammak fokalechi

chance, to go by; yammak fokalechi

change, inla

change, to; aiinla, aiinlachi, atobbichi,
atobbit foka, inla, inlachi, talali, wiha

change (as the moon), to; hashi him-
mona talali, hashi himo auata, hashilli

change of the moon, hashilli

change the mind, to; chu"kash inlachi

changeable; imanukfila laua, inla shali

changed; inla, inlat toba

changer, inlachi

changers of money, nan isht itatoba

channel; ayanalli, bok aiyanalli, oka ai-
yanalli

chant, to; /aloa

chanter, taloa

chap; alla nakni, bitanli, kichanli, hatak
himmita, pachanli

chap (on the hands), bisanlih

chap, the; nutakfa

chap, to; bitanli, bitanlicni, kichanli,
kichanlichi, kichaya, mitati, mitatichi,
pachanli

chapel, aianwmpuli aboha hanta

chapiters, kibikshi

chaplain, aba anumpuli

chapped; kichanli, pachanli

chapped foot, iyi bitanli

char, to; akabu%shli

character; alhiayak, hochifo, holisso

charcoal, luak tobaksi mosholi, tobaksi
mosholi

charge (commission); aheka, anumpa

charge (for a gun); albiha, alhpintta,
ilhpita achafa, tanampo albiha achafa,
tukafa achafa

charge (price), alhtoba

charge, to; ahekachi, anumpa onuchi,
onochi, miha ;

charge with a debt, to; aheka takalichi

charged; albiha, alhpitta, ilhpita

charged with, onutula

charger; amphata, hituk avalhpisa

chariot; iti chanalli, iti chanalli iskitina
palhki, iti chanaha pathki

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BuLL. 46

charity; chu’kash imanukfila achukma,
vmukharklo

charm, fappo

charm, to; chukash ishi, fappo onuchi,
fappuli, yukpali

charmed; fappo, yukpa

charmer, fappo onuchi

charnel house, hatak illi foni aiasha

charred, akabonsha

chase, lioli

chase, to; iahinsht ia, lioa, tioli

chase with dogs, to; ofi isht tioli

chased away, chafa

chaser, lioli

chasm; chiluk, hichukbi, itamintafa, tali
chiluk, yakni chiluk

chaste; hopoksia, kostini

chasten, to; fammi, isikkopali, kanichi

chastened, fama

chastener, fammi

chastise, to; fammi, isikkopali, kanichi

chastised, fama

chastiser; fammi, na fammi

chastity; hopoyuksa, kostini

chat, anumpa

chat, to; anumpuli

chattels, ilaryak

chatter, to; himak fokalechi, kasachi

chatterbox, anumpuli shali

chaw, hopa”sa

chaw, to; haua”sa, hoatsa, hopasa

cheap; ahoba, aiilli ikchito, aiilli iklauo,
aiilli iskitini, alhchunna

cheapen, to; aiilli iskitinichi, alhchun-
nacht

cheat; haksichi, hatak haksichi, na haksi,
yimmichi

cheat, to; haksichi, pakammi, yimmachi

cheated; haksi, yimmi

cheater; haksichi, yimmichi

check; bakoa, issachi

check, small; basosukachi, chikichiki

check, to; atabli, hilechi, issachi, oktabli,
olabbi

checked, bakokona

checked and tabby, to be; basoa

cheek, itisukpi

cheek bone, itisukpi font

cheer, chutkash yukpa

cheer, to; «aiokpachechi, aiyukpachi,
okcha, yiminta, yimintachi, yukpa, yuk-
palit

cheer, to be of; yukpa

cheerful; aiokpanchi achukma, nuktanla,
nuktala

BYINGTON ]

cheerless; ilbasha, liposhi

cheese; pishukchi nia palaska, pishukchi
palaska, wak pishukchi palaska

cheesemonger, pishukchi palaska kanchi

chemise, ohoyo va foka lumbo

cherish, to; hofantichi, holitoblit hofan-
tichi

cherished; hofanti, holitopat hofanti

Cherokee, Chalakki

Cherokee man, Chalakki hatak

Cherokee Nation, Chalakki okla

Cherokee people, Chalakki okla

cherry, italikchi ani

cherry tree, italikchi

chest (box), itombi

chest (part of body), haknip

chest, to; itombi fohki

chestnut; oti, wti

chestnut (color), lusbi

chestnut, the dwarf; hachofakti

chestnut burr, oti hakshup

chew, to; auarsa, hauarsa,
hopa®sa

chicane, haksichi

chick, akarka

chick, to; offo, tikachi

chicken; akak ushi, akanka

chicken hawk; biakak, biyatkak

chicken-hearted, nukshopa

chicken-pox, hashtap inchilakwa

chide, to; nukoat anumpuli

chief; hatak api humma imitko, miko,
petichi

chief man, i”shati hatak

chieftainess, mi”ko imohoyo

chigoe, shu”koma

child; alla, iso, ushi

child, a white man’s; na hollo imalla

child, the youngest; alla isht aiopi

child, to make himself a; allachi, ilal-
lachi

childbearing, alla eshi

childhood, alla tomba

childish; alla ilahobbi, ilallachi, pus-
kusechi

childless; alla ikimiksho, ushi iksho

childlike, alla chuhmi

children; alla, saso

children, young orsmall; alla chipunta,
chipota

chill, a; hochukwa

chilliness; ahochukwa, ahochukwachi, ho-
chukwa

hoa’sa,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

409

chilly; ahochukwa, ahochukwachi, ho-
chukwa, hochukwachi

chime, to; ola

chimney; ashoboli, lwak ashoboli

chimney corner, ashobolichukbi, asho-
bolinaksika

chimney swallow, chupitak

chimney top, ashobolipaknaka

chin, nutakfa

chin, high; itakwacholi

chin bone, nutakfa foni

chine, nali foni

chine of a barrel, italhfoa chito ibish

chink, chiluk

chink, to; chiluk toba, chusokachi, chuso-
lichi, ola, olachi

chinquapin, hachofakti

chinquapin tree, hachofaktapi

chip; chobilhkan, chopilhkash, chupilkash,
itt shukafa, iti shukati, iti tushafa, iti
tushali, kobilhchap, koichup, polhkash,
shukati

chip, to;
shukaffi

chipmunk, chinisa

chipped; shukati, shukli, tushati

chirographer, holissochi

chirp, ola

chirp, to; ola

chisel; iti isht kula, nan isht kula

chisel, a cold; tali isht hokafa, tali isht
tapa

chisel nuts, to; washlichi

chit, offo

Choctaw, Chahta

Choctaw, a; Chahta

Choctaw blood, Chahta isht ia

Choctaw bread, paska banaha

Choctaw bread, to make;
banahachi

Choctaw child, Chahta alla

Choctaw country, Chahta yakni

Choctaw descent, Chahta isht va

Choctaw ground, Chahta yakni

Choctaw horse, Chahta isuba

Choctaw land, Chahta yakni

Choctaw language; Chahta anumpa,
Chahta imanumpa

Choctaw man, Chahta hatak

Choctaw mile, Chahta irkowt

Choctaw Nation; Chahta okla, Chahta
yakna

Choctaw origin, Chahta isht ia

itt chant tushalichi, shukati,

paska

410

Choctaw people, Chahta okla

Choctaw pony, Chahta isuba

Choctaw race, Chahta isht ia

Choctaw race, to be of the;
isht atia

Choctaw soil, Chahta yakni

Choctaw tribe, Chahta okla

Choctaw woman, Chahta ohoyo

Choctaw, the, Chahta okla

choice; achukma, aiyoba, holitopa

choice, a; atokoli

choir; taloa, taloa aliha

choke, to; anuklamalli, nuklamalli, nuk-
tamoli, nuktamolli, nuksiteli, nukshi-
kanlicht, nukshiniffi, nuktakali, nukta-
kalicht, nuktitefa, nuktitiffi, oktabli,
oktapa, olabbi

choke to death, to; nuktakat alli

choke up, to; labli, lablichi

choked; nuklamoli, nuktamolli,
sakki, nuktakali, oktapa, nuktitefa

choked up, labli

choking, a; nuktakali

choler; lakna, nukoa

cholera, abeka okpulo

cholera morbus, italakla ont ia

choleric, nukoa shah

choose, to; ahnit, aioa, apissali, atoko-
lechi, atokoli, atokulit aiyua, atokulit
ashi

chooser, atokoli .

chop, to; chanli

chop, to cause to; chanlichi

chop and fell, to; chant akkachi, chant
kinaffi

chop down, to; kinaffi

chopped, charya

chopper, ?ti chanli

chopping block, achanya

chores, nan toksali chipinta

chorister, taloa tikba heka

chosen, aiywa

Christ, Kilaist

christened, okissachi

Christian, a; aba anumpuli

Christian, a pretended; aba anumpuli
ilahobbi

Christian, a true; aba anumpuli anti

Christian, to become a; aba anumpuli
toba

Christianity; aba anumpa, aba anumpa
ikhana

christianize, to; aba anumpuli ikbi

Christians, aba anumpa tkhana

Chahta

nuk-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46
Christmas, nitak hollo chito
chronometer, hashi isht ikhana
chuckle, to; yukpa
chunk, iti tapa
chunk bottle, a common; _ kotoba

okchimali

chunk of wood, iti tilofa

church, aianumpuli aboha hanta, abai
anumpuli chuka, aba anumpuli tksa,
chach

church, the; aba anumpuli atiha

church member, aba anumpuli iksa
ibafoka

church music, aba anumpa taloa

churchyard, hatak aholopi

churl, hatak nukoa shati

churn; pishukchi achibokachi, pishukchi
aniacht

churn, to; bohokachi, pishukchi niachi

churn dasher, pishukchi nia isht chibo-
lichi

churn lid, onwlhpohomo

churn staff, pishukchi nia isht chibolichi

cicatrix, misa

cicatrize, to; atta, attachi

cicatrized, atta

cider, oka hauashko

cigar, hakchuma shana

cincture, isht askufachi

cipher, to; holhtina, hotina

circle; bolboki, bolkachi, bolukta, chanalli,
chanaha

circle, to; fullokachi

circled, apakfopa

circles, to make; bolbokechi, bolkachechi

circuit; afolota, chanaha folota achafa,
folota, fullokachi

circuit, to; apakfopa

circuit of the earth, the; yakni fullota

circuitous, /folota

circuits, to take; folotoa

circular; bolboki, bolkachi, bolukta

circulate, to; ilhkoli, ilhkolichi, taka-

kanli
circumcise, to; hakshup tabli
circumcised; hakshup tapa, hakshup
taptua

circumcision, hakshup tapa

circumference, the; apakfopa

circumference of the earth, the;
yakni fullota

circumspect, ahah ahni

circumstance, akaniohmi

cistern, oka aialhto

a

BYINGTON ]

citadel, aboha kallo

citation, anoa

citizens, okla

city; tamaha, tamaha chito, tamaha holihta

civil; hopoksia, kostini

civil man, hatak kostini

civil war, okla achafa itibi

civil war, to have a; okla achafa itibi

civilize, to; hopoksiachi, hopoyuksalli,
ikhananchi, kostininchi

civilized, kostini

civilizer, hopoyuksalli

clabber, pishukchi kaskaha

clad, fohka

clam, fulush

clam, fresh-water; oka fulush

clamp, isht kiselichi

clamshell; /fulush hakshup, oka fulush
hakshup

clamor, pa”’ya

clan, a; iksa, isht atiaka

clan, one; iksa achafa

clandestine, /uwma

clangor, chamakachi

clank, chamakachi

clank, to; chamakachi chamalichi

clap, to; lobohachi

clap of thunder, hiloha

clapboards, iti basha ahonata

clapper, isuba inuchi anutkaka takali

clarified, kashofa

clarify, to; kashoffi

clash, isso

clash, to; isso, issocht

clashing, itaiisso

clasp, atapachi

clasp, to; akamassali, atapachi, hokli,
shakba afohomit ishi

clasp knife, bashpo poloma

clasped together, akamassa

class; apetichi, iksa, itibapisa

classmate; holisso ibapisa, itibapisa

clatter, to; katahachechi, katahachi

clattering, katahachi

claw, iyakchush

claw, bird’s; hushi iyakchush

claw, to; kalli

clay, lukfi

clay, white; lukfi hata

clay cold, kapassa

clean; «isht ahullochika, kashofa, ok-
shauanli, okshauashli

clean, to; kashoffi

clean, to make; kashoffichi

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 411

cleaning, lakoffi

cleanly, kashofa

cleanness, kashofa

cleanse, to; achefa, kashoffi, kashoffichi,
lako fficht

cleansed, kashofa

cleanser, kashoffi

cleansing, kashofa

clear; hanta, masheli, okshauanli, ok-
shauashli, shahbi, shohkalali, tohchalali

clear, to; shahbichi, shohkalalichi

clear, to make; hantachi, okshauanlichi,
okshauashlichi, shohkawalichi

clear away, to; mashelichi

clear land, to; balli

clear off, to; masheli

cleared; kashofa, shahbi

cleared off, masheli

clearing, shahbika

clearly; haiaka, haiakat

clearness, shohkawali

cleave, to; bakapa, chilaktochi, chulakto-
chi, patalichth, patata, patalli, shimafa,
shimaffi

cleave to, to; aialbo, alapali, anuksita,
anuksitkachi, asitia, asseta, halalli

cleft; bakapa, patata, shimafa

cleft, a; bakapa, patata

clemency, chu”kash yohbi

clement, chu”kash yohbi

clergy, aba anumpa isht atta atiha

clergyman, aba anumpa isht atta

clerk; aba anumpa isht atta, holissochi, na
holissochi

clever; chu”kash yohbi, imponna

clevis, tali isht halalli

clevy, tali isht halalli

click, to; tikachi

cliff, sakti

cliffy, sakti foka

clifty, sakti foka

climb, to; iti oiya, oiya

climb up, to; apakchulli

climber; apakchulli, oiya

clinch, to; kiseli, yichiffit ishi

cling, to; apakchulli

cling to, to; apakshana, halalli

clink, chamak

clink, to; chamakachi

clip, a single; himonna tapli

clip, to; amo, bashli, tabli, yushkabalichi

clip off, to; katelichi

clip off once, to; himonna tapli

clipped; almo, basha, tapa, yushkabali

412

clipping, fabli

clitoris, imoksini

cloak; anchi, ilefoka chito, na foka chito

cloak, to; anchi, luhmi, na foka chito
fohka

cloak another, to; anchichechi, anchichi

clock, hashi isht ithana chito

clockmaker, hashi isht ithana ikbi

clod, lukfi lumbo

clog, to; oktabli, takalechi

close; achunanchi, afacha, athollo, apoh-
tukih, bilinka, ithollo, itatoba kallo,
katanli, luma, nan iholitepa, nan
inhollo, takali

close, the; ataha, hokofa

close, to; akamali, akammi, akopulecht,
hokofa, hokoti, isht aiopichi, itakopulechi,
okhishta, okshita, ukhishta

close, to make; apohtukachi

close and light, to be; apohtuki

close by; bilinka, olanli, tomalusi

close the eye, to; mocholi, okhishta,
okmocholi, tobosinli, ukhishta

close the hand, to; wkhishta

close the lips tight, to; itakkomulih

close together; chikihah, itakantali

close together, to; itakopuli

close up, to; akmochi

closed; hokofa, okhilishta, okshillita

closed up; akmo, labli

closely, olanlisi

closet, abohushi

closet, to; abohushi fohki, luhmi

closeted, abohushi fohka

clot, walaha

clot, to; walaha

clot of blood, issish walakacht

cloth, nan tanna P

cloth, black; nan lusa

cloth, checked; nan tanna basoa, nan
tanna holisso

cloth, floor; iti patalhpo umpatalhpo

cloth, large checked; nan tanna bakoa

cloth, striped; nan tanna basoa, nan
tanna shauiya

cloth, thick; nan tanna sukko

cloth, thin; nantapaski

clath, white; na hata, nan tanna tohbi

cloth made of hair, nam pa®shi tanna

clothe, to; askufa, askufachechi, asku-
fachi, fohka, fohkachi, hanaweli, ilefoka,
ilefoka foka, tlefoka fokachi, na foka
foka, na foka fokachecht

clothed; abehkachi, fohka, ilefoka foka,
na foka foka

BUREAU ‘OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BuLL. 46

clothes; anchi, ilefoka, na fohka

clothesbrush; ilefoka isht kashokachi, na
Joka isht kasholicht

clothier; chukfi hishi nan tanna aiskiachi,
nan tanna

clothing, na fohka

cloud; ahoshonti, hoshonti, hoshontika,
hoshontikilhkiki, okhapaioha

cloud, to; hoshonti, hoshontichi, oktilecha

cloud up, to; hoshonti toba

cloud-capped, hoshonti pit tikeli

clouded; hoshonti, hoshonti toba

cloudy; hoshonti, hoshontichi, okhapa-
yabi

clout; apokshiama, alhkata, na tilafa

clout, to; akkalli, apokshiami, apok-
shiamicht

clouted; apokshiama, apokshiammi, alh-
kata

cloven; chilakto, chulakto

cloven foot or hoof; iyi chilakto, iyi
falakto

cloy, to; fihobli, yammichi

cloyed; jfihopa, yammi

club; atashi, ttashi, iti nipa, iti tapa, ite
taptua, tapena

clubfoot, iyi porkshi

clubfooted, iyi porkshi

cluck, to; kavlhkuha, tuktua

clump, ba/alli talaia

clump (of trees), iti talaia

clumsy, weki

cluster; alokoli, lohto, lukoli, pokuspoa

cluster, to; lukoli, lukolichi

cluster of grapes, pokospoa

cluster of little bushes, bifisha

clustered; lohto, lukoli

clutch, to; yichiffit ish

clutches, iyakchush

clutter, aiyokoma

clutter, to; aiyokomi

cluttered, aiyokoma

coach, iti chanaha holitopa

coach box, iti chanaha holitopa aiomanili

coachmaker, iti chanaha holitopa tka

coadjutor; apela, apelachi

coagulate, to; walaha, walahachi

coagulated, walaha

coagulation, walaha

coagulum, walaha

coal, tobaksi

coal, fire; tobaksi

coal, to; itobila, tobaksi ikbi

coal, to make; tobaksi ikbi

BYINGTON ]

coal-black, tobaksi lusa ohmi

coal digger, tobaksi kulli

coal house, tobaksi inchuka

coal mine, tobaksakula

coal of fire, luak tobaksi

coalpit, tobaksatoba

coalpit, a fossil; tobaksakula

coalesce, to; apolukta, albo, polukta

coalition, fohka

coarse; lapushki, okshachinli, okshifeli,
sukko, shachatha, yauaha

coarse, to make; okshalinchi

coarse-grained, chicho”li

coarseness, olkshifeli

coast; oka aialaka, aiati, alaka, oka alaka,
oka ont alaka, yakni, yakni aiati

coasts of, yakni inkaniohmi

coat; askufa tapa, hakshup, hishi, ilefoka,
ilefoka lumbo, na fohka

coat, a great; na foka chito

coat, along; na foka chashana

coat, a short; ilefoka kolofa, ilefoka
koloti

coat, a straight-bodied; na foka cha-
shana

coax, to; haksichi

cob; api, tanch api, tash api

cobble, to; akkalli

cobbler, shulush akalli

cobweb; chuklampulli, hachuklampuli,
tuktampuli

cock (faucet), oka abicheli

cock (rooster), akatk nakni

cock, a brass; isht bicheli, oka isht
bicha, oka isht bichelv

cock, to; akachakali, hilechi

cock of a gun lock, luksi fulup

cocked, hika

cockerel, aka"k nakni himmita

cockfight, akavk nakni itibbi

cockle, to; yityikechi, yiryikr

cocklebur, pa”shtali

cockled, yiryiki

cockroach; bila chapka, nani chapka, nia
chapka

coequal, itilawi, sipokni kat itilaut

coffee, kafi

coffee, green; kafi okchimali

coffee, Java; haji tohbi

coffee, strong; kafi homi

coffee, West India; kajfi okchimali

coffee, white; kafi tohbi

coffee berry or seed, kafi nihi

coffee boiler, kafahonni

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

413

coffee cup, kafatishko

coffee grounds, kafi lakchi

coffee mill, kafafotoha

coffee sack, bin, box, ete.; ka/aialhto

coffee saucer, kafaiishko

coffeepot; chakli, kafahonni, kafaialhto

coffeepot spout, kafabicha

coffer; itombi, tali holisso aialhto

coffer, to; tali holisso aialhtofoki

coffer up, to; itombi abeli

coffered, itombi abeha

coffin, itombi

coffin, to; itombi fohki

coffin maker, itombi ikbi

cog; achushoa, afashkachi

cog, to; yimmichi

cogent; kallo, kilimpi

cogitate, to; anukfilli

cognate, isht atiaka

cognition, ikhana

cohabit, to; anta, auaya, ibaianta

cohere, to; asitia, albo

coherence, itasitia

cohort, tashka chipota tatepa hanali

coif, ialipa

coif, to; ialipela

coil, chanaha

coil, to; chanaha, chanahacht

coil of rope, aseta chanaha

coil up, to; chanaha

coiled up, chanaha

coin; tali fehna, tali holisso

coin, gold; tali holisso lakna

coinage, tali holisso

coined, tali holisso

coiner, tali holisso ikbi

cold; ahochukwa, akmo, hochukwa, kapassa

cold, a; hochukwa, hotilhko, ibishano,
kapassa

cold, having a; nukshammi

cold, to have a; ibishano

cold climate, akapassaka

cold-hearted, chu"kash kapassa

cold region, akapassaka

coldness; ahochukwa, ahochukwachi, ka-

passa

colic; iffuka hotupa, ikfuka hotupa, ikfuka
katapa

collander, asonak aholuyachi

collar; iachunahika, ikonla afohoma,

ikonla inuchi, muchi
collar, to; ikonla afohoma ishi, inuchi fokr
collar bone, imiskauata
collard, kalush

414

collation, impa iskitint

colleague; itapela, itaptha

collect, to; itahoba, itahobi, itahobli,
itanali, itanaha, itannaln, itannalicht,
lukoli

collect debts, to; aheka

collect hay, to; hashuk itannati

collected; itahoba, itanaha, lukoli

collection; alokoli, fohopa, hatak itahoba,
hatak itanaha, itahoba, itanaha

collective; itahoba, itanaha

collector, itannali

collector of toll, pablikan

college; holisso avithana chito, holisso
apisa chito

collide, to; isso

collier; tobaksi ikbi, tobaksi kulla

colliquate, to; bileli

collision, isso

colloquy; anumpuli, itimanumpult

colonel, mi”ko

colonist, abenili

colonize, to; abinotichi, kanallichit bint-
lichi, binilichi, binoticht

colonized, binili

colonizer, binolichi

colony; abenili, binili, wihat binilt

color, shapha

color, a dirty; taktaki

color, to give a dirty; taktakichi

color, to have a dirty; taktaki

color blue, to; okchamalichi

color green, to; okchamalichi

colored green, okchamali

colt, isubushi

colt, to; isubushi chelr

colter, yakni isht patafa tikbinhika

columbo, akshish lakna chito

column; anumpa bachaya, anumpa ba-
choha

comb; chaka, hakshup, hashintak, isht
shilli, shalintak

comb, a coarse;
shalintak shachaha

comb, a cock’s; impasha

comb, a fine; issap isht albi

comb, an ivory; issap isht albi

comb, to; shill

comb maker, shalintak ikbi

comb of a bumblebee, o”sini hakshup

comb of a fowl, inchaka

comb of a turkey, ibilatampa

combat, itibbi

combat, to; itibi

hashintak yauaha,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

combat, to cause to; itibechi

combatant, itibi

combed, shilla

comber, shilli

combination, ibafoka

combine, to; fohki, ibafoki, ibafokichi

combined; /fohka, ibafoka

combustible, nana lua hinla

come! inta, yaki

come, to; ant, ata’ya, atya, ala, ela,
ilhkoli, ishla, matya, minti, onna, toba

come, to begin to; mintahpi

come, to cause to; mintichi

come about, to; filimmi

come across, to; afama

come after, to; iakaiya

come again, to; falamat ala

come against, to; i”sannih

come along (as a verbal message) to;
anumpa kochanli

come apart, to;
taptua

come at last, to; aiyala

come away, to; kanali

come by, to; ishi

come down, to; akkoa, attat akowa

come forth, to; kucha, wiha

come from, to; aminti, attat minti

come in, to; abehpa, chukoa

come in two, to; kolofa, litafa

come near, to; bilizka, bilinchi

come off, a; lakoffi

come off, to; atli”fa, atikachi, fakoha,
fakoti, fakopa, hokoti, issa, kolofa, koloti,
lakoffi, tonfa, toha, shuekachi, shukati,
shurfa

come off at, to; akolofa

come open, to; patati

come out, to; asha kuchat,
haiaka, kucha, tifa, mokofa,
takoba kucha

come out, to cause to; akuchechi

come out of, to akucha akuchawiha,
kohcha

come out of the ground, to; shuekachi

come over, to; fopulli

come round, to; apakfopa

come short, to; onachi

come through, to; fopulli

come to, to; ala, falamat okcha, ona

come to hand, to; ibbak fohka

come to pieces, to; lishoa

come to several, to; katohmona

come together, to; itakopuli, itanaha

koyofa, tilafa, tapa,

auata,
shiha,

BYINGTON ]

come under, to; nutaka ia

come up, to; afena, hokofa, offo

come up by the roots, to; teha, tinfa

come up with, to; sakki

come upon, to; onutula

come with, to; tavkla minti

comely; aiukli, alhpesa

comer, a; ala, minti

comet; fichik pototi, fichik shobota

comfort, hopola

comfort, to; hopotachi, hopotalli, nukta-
lachi

comforted, hopota

comforter; hopotachi,
uktalali, nuktalali

coming, minti

coming time, himmak pila

command, anumpa kallo

command, to; anumpa kallo onuchi,
apesa, miha

commanded, anumpa kallo onutula

commander; isht boa chito, iti isht boa
chito, mirko

commandment; anumpa alhpisa, nan
alhpisa, nana alhpisa

commence, to; ia

commence from, to; aiali

commencement; ahpi, aiamona, avisht
ia ammona, aiisht ia, ammona, isht ia
ammona

commencement of the day, nitak echi

commensurate, itilawi

comment, to; anumpult

commentary; isht
anumpuli

commentator, isht anumpuli

commerce, itatoba

commerce, to; itaioba

commingle, to; aiywmmi

commingled, aiywma

commiserate, to; nukhanklo

commission, to; atokoli

commissioned, alhtokoa

commissioner, hatak alhtoka

commissioner of the Government,
na hollo hochitoka

commit, to; ibbak fohki

commit unto, to; aianukcheto

committed; ibbak fohka, ibbak foka

committee; alhtoka, hatak nan apesa

committeeman, hatak alhtoka

commix, to; aiywmmi

commixed, aiyuma

hopotalli, nan

anumpa, isht

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

415

commodious, alhpesa

commodity, alhpoyak

commonly; atak, beka, chatok, chatuk,
ke, tak

commonwealth, wlhti achafa

commotion, tiwakachi

commune, to; anumpuli, apa, oka
parki

communicant, ibafoka

communicate, to; ima

communicate by letter, to; holisso-

chit anoli

communication; anumpa, chukulbi

community, okla

commutation, itatoba

commute, to; atobachi, itatoba, itato-
bachi

compact, to; akamassali, ateti, atetichi

compacted; akamassa, attia

companion; ahinna, apaha, ibachanfa,
ibafoka, ibaianta, ibaiarsha, ibaiishko,
itahina, itibafoka

companionship, chukulbi

company, ahinna

company, a; aya achafa, petichi achafa

company, to; ibafoka

company of light horsemen, isuba
omanili tashka atiha

company with, to go in; apeha

compare, to; hobachi

compared together, holba

comparison, holba

compass; aiali, apakfopa, falam isht
ikhana, isht apesa, isht tanfi

compass, to; afolotachi, apakfopa, alh-
Sullinchi

compassion; inukharklo, nukhaklo

compassion, to exercise; nukhatklo

compassionate, nukhatklo

compassionate, to; nukhanklo

compatible, alhpesa

compel, to; atwshpalechi

compensate, to; atobbi

compensated, alhtoba

compensation, alhtoba

compete, to; apakna, pakna, imaiya

competent, alhpesa

competition, itimpakna

competitor, itimpakna

complacency, yukpa

complacent, yukpa

complainer, na miha shati

complaining, na miha shati

416

complete; aialhtaha, alhtaha, taha

complete, to; atali, loshummi, lushomt,
taha, tali, tomaffi

completed; «aialhtaha, ataha,
bakasto, lushoma, taha, tomafa

completely; bano, taha

completes, one who; tomaffi

completion; aialhtaha, ataha

completion, to have a; ataha

compliment, aiokpachi

comply, to; ahni, aiantichi, alhpesa ahnt,
haklo

compose, to; holissochi, hopotachi, nuk-
talala

composed; holisso, nuktala

composed, to be; hopota

composer, holissochi

composition, holisso

compound, to; aiyummi

compounded, aiywma

comprehend, to; akostininchi, nukfoka

comprehension, imanukjila kallo

compress, to; atlelichi

compressed, attia

compression, atelichi

computation, holhtina

compute, to; hotina

computed, holhtena

computer, hotina

comrade; itibafoka, onochi

concatenate, to; takalechi

concatenated, takali

concatenation, itatakali

concave; kafakbi, kofussa

concave, made; kafakbi

conceal, to; aluhmi, luhmi, lumpuli

concealed; /wma, lumboa

concealment, alwma

concede, to; yohmi

conceit, imanukfila

conceit, to; anukfilli

conceive, to; anuk/filli,
fohka, shali, ushi irfohka

conceived; afohka, aiisht inchakali

concern; ahalaia, halaiya, ilavyak, isht
ahalaia, nana

concern, object of; nan isht ahalaia

concern, to; ahalaia

concern, to have; ahalaia

concerned; ahalaia, halaiya

concerning; ima, isht

concert, apesa

concert together, to; apesa

concession; anoli, ilanoli

conciliate, to; hopolalli, nan aiyacht

alhtaha,

alla wfoka,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

confined;

[BULL. 46

conciliated; hopola, nan aiya, nuktala

conclude, to; ahokoffichi, apesa, atalt

concluded; ahokofa, ataha, alhpesa

conclusion; aiati, isht aiopi

concord, imanukfila achafa

concourse; itahoba, itanaha

concubine; aiina, itaiena

concur, to; imanuk/ila itibafoka

concussion, ifaiisso

condemn, to; anumpa kallo onuchi,
anumpa onuchi, ilbashali, onochi

condemned; anumpa kallo onutula,
anumpa onutula

condescend, to; akkachunoli

condition, aiahanta

condole, to; ibanukha"klo

conduct; nana akaniohmi, nana kani-
ohmi

conduct, to; arya, halalli, ilaueli, ilauet
arya, petichi, tikba heka

conductor; ilaweli, isht arya, tikba heka

conduit; ata”ya, oka abicheli

confer, to; ima

conference; anumpuli, itimanumpult

confess, to; anoli, ilanoli

confession; anoli, ilanoli

confessor; anoli, ilanoli

confide, to; anukcheto, yimmi

confidence; aianukcheto, aiyimmika,
anukcheto

confidence, to have; yimmi

confident, yimmi

confiding, anukcheto

confine, aiati

confine, to;
Johki, takchi

aboha kallo foka, alla eshi,

aboha kallo foki, holihta

talakchi
confinement, yuka
confirm, to; kamassalli, kallochi
confirmed; kamassa, kallo
conflagration; holukmi, holushmi, hush-
mi, lua, luak chito
conflict, itibbi
conflict, to; itibi, itishi, mokafa
confluence, aiitafama
confluent, ibalhto
conform, to; antia, hobachi
confound, to; ibakati
confound together, to; kali
confounded; aiyokoma, ibakaha
confounded together, kaha
confront, to; asonali
confuse, to; haksubachi, ibakatt
confused, haksuba

BYINGTON ]

confused together, aiyokoma

confusion; aiyokoma, haksuba

congeal, to; akalapechi, akalapi, akmo,
akmochi, hakmo, hakmuchi,walaha, wala-
hachi

congealed; akalapi,
lampi, walaha

congelation, hakmo

congratulate, to; aiokpachi

akmo, hakmo, ka-

congregate, to; itahoba, itahobi, ita-
hobli, itanaha, itanahachi, itannali

congregated, itanaha

congregation, hatak itahoba, hatak
itanaha, itanaha

Congress; aboha hanta okla, Kankish,

na hollo hochitoka
conjecture, to;
miha
conjoin, to; ibafoki
conjoined, ibafoka
conjuration; fappo, isht ahold
conjure, to; isht ahollo ilahobi
conjure (at the ball play), to; apolwmi
conjurer, hatak fappo
conjurer at ball plays, apoluma
connect, to; takalechi
connected, takali
conquer, to; ilissachi, imaiya, imaiyachi

ahoba, himak fokalit

conqueror; ilissachi, imaiya, imaiyachi
conquest, imaiya
conscience; chu”kash, imanukfila, nan

isht ilakostinincht
conscientious; a’li, imanukjila anli a-
chukma
conscious, ikhana
consecrate, to; holitoblichi
consecrated, holitopa
consecrated object, na holloka
consent, to; alhpesa ahni
consequential; /fehnachi, ilefehnachi
consequently, chumba
conserve, to; okchalinchi
consider, to; akostininchi, anukfilli, pisa
considerable, lawa chuhmi
considerably, to do; fehna
considerate; ahah ahni, hopoksia, nuk-
tala
consideration, imanukfila
considered, anukfila
considerer, anuk/filli
consign, to; ibbak fohki, ima
consistent, alhpesa
consociate, to; ibafoka, ibafoki
consociated, ibafoka
84339°

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

417

consociation, ibafoka

consolation; chu®kash yukpa, nana isht
ilaiyukpa

console, to; chu®kash yukpali, hopotalli

consolidate, to; akamassali, kallochi

consolidated; akamassa, kallo

consort; hatak, itahina, tekchi

consort together, to; ahinna

conspicuous; haiaka, mabi

conspire, to; luhmit nana apesa

constable; hatak takchi, na hollo takchi

constellation, jichik lukoli

constituent, tashka

constitute, to; ikbi

constitution, anwmpa alhpisa

constrain, to; miha, takchi, yukachi

constrained; talakchi, yuka

construct, to; ikbi

construe, to; anumpa tosholi, alhtoshol,
tosholi

construed; alhtoshoa, toshoa

consul; anuwmpeshi, mirko imanumpesht

consult, to; ponaklo

consultation, ponaklo

consume, to; aluachi,
okpani, okpanit tali

consumed; aiiksho, lua taha, okpulo

consumer, hukmi

consummate, to; tali

consummated, alhtaha

consummation, alhtaha

consumption, shilukpa lachowa

consumption, a; nukshulla

contagion; abeka haleli, haleli

contagious, abeka haleli

contain, to; alhto

contaminate, to; okpani

contaminated, okpulo

contemn, to; shittilema

contemner, shittilema

contemplate, to; ahni, anukfilli

contemplation, imanukfila

contemplator, anukfilli

contempt; makhaloka,
yuala

contempt, a word of; yammak haloka

contemptible; isht ikimahno, makali

contend, to; achowa, afoa, itibi, olabbi

contend in conversation, to; shahsho-
lecha

apat tali, lua,

isht ikimahno,

contented; alhpesa, alhpesa ahni, nuk-
tala
contention; itachoa, itimafoa, itimo-

labbi, itinnukoa

418

contentment, nuktala

contest; itibbi, itimafoa, itimanumpult

contest, to; afoa, anumpuli

contiguous; apunta, bilinka

continent; hopoksia, kostini

continent, a; yakni, yakni haknip

continual, bilia

continual, to make; biliachi

continually, bilia

continuation; achaka, chakbi, moma

continue, to; achakalechi, achakalechi,
achakali, achunanchi, a”sha, bilia, mavya,
moma

continue at, to; aiitachakalli

continue evermore, to; bilia

continued, achaka

contract; apesa, itimapesa

contract, to; apesa, bashi, bochupha,
itatoba, shikoffi, shila, shinoti, yushtolo-
licht

contracted; bashi, shila

contractor; itatoba, nan chumpa, nan
tohno

contradict, to; ati, ichapa, keyuachi,
yohmi ,

contrary, inla

contrary, a; ichapa

contribute, to; ibafoki, itannali

contributed, itanaha

contribution; ibafoka, ibakaha, itanaha,
itibafoka

contributor, ibafoki

contrite; ilbasha, kobafa, litoa, nukharklo

control, to; pelichi

controller, pelichi

controversy, anumpa itinlaua

controversy, to have a; anumpa itin-
lawa

contumacy; afoa, ilafoa

contuse, to; kalali, litoti

contused; kala, litoa

contusion; kata, litoa

convalescent; kanihmi, takoffit isht ia

covenant, to; apesa

convene, to; itahoba, itahobi, itahobli,
itanaha, itannali

convened; itahoba, itanaha

convener; itahobi, itahobli, itannali

convenience, alhpesa

convenient, alhpesa

convention; hatak itanaha, itahoba, ita-
naha

conversation, itimanumpuli

converse together, to; anumpuli

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

conversion; aba anumpuli toba, inlat toba

convert, aba anumpuli toba

convert, to; aba anumpuli ikbi, hopoy-
uksalli, inlachi ;

converted; inla toba, inlat toba

convex, lumbo

convey, to; aya, ima, kanchi, pila, shali

convey (news), to; anoli

conveyer; isht ia, shali

convince, to; yimmichi

convinced, yimmi

convocation, itanaha

convoke, to; itannali

convoked, itanaha

convoy, to; petichi

convulse, to; haiuchi, haiuchichi

convulsed, haiwchi

convulsion, haiuchi

cony, chukfi

cony burrow, chukfaluma

coo, to; ola

cook; honi, hoponi, taboshli, na hoponi

cook, to; honi, hoponi, taboshli, nuna,
nunacht

cook, to make; honichi

cook in the kernel, to; luboni

cook room; aboha ahoponi, ahoponi

cooked; holhponi, honni, tabocha, nuna |

cool; kapassachi, nuktala

cool, to; hakmo, hakmuchi, kapassa, kapas-
sachi, kapassalli, nuktalali, nuktala,
shippa, shippachechi, shippachi, shippali

cooled; hakmo, kapassa, nuktala, shippa,
shippacht

coolish, ahochukwachi

coop, to; chuka foki

cooped, chuka foka

cooper; itampikbi, italhfoa chito ikbi,
italhfoa ikbi

cooperate, to; toksali

copartner, apelachi

copartnership, i/apelachi

copied, albitat holisso

copier, holissochi

copious; apakna, laua

copper; tali holisso lakna, tali lakna

copperas, nan isht laknachi

coppersmith, tali lakna ikbi

copy, albitat holisso

copy, to; albitet holissochi, hobachit holis-
sochi, hobachit ikbi

copyist, hobachit holissochi

cord; aseta, hakshish, ponokallopana

cord, a large; hakshish chito

BYINGTON ]

cord, to; aseta

cord maker, asetikbi

cordage for a vessel, pinash

corded, talakchi

cordial, anli

cordial, a; ikhinsh churkash libishli

core; iffuka, iskuna, nihi

core of a boil, nishkin

cork; isht alhkama, kotoba isht alhkama,
oka abicha isht alhkama

cork, to; akamali, akamolt

corn; onush, tanchi

corn, a; nihi, salbo

corn, a grain or kernel of; tamsh nihi

corn, an ear of; tanch ampi

corn, bread; tanchi paska atoba

corn, broom; tanchi isht pashpoa

corn, Canada; ta”sh ushi

corn, dry; ta”sh shila

corn, flint; tanchi limimpa, tash kallo

corn, flour; ta”sh haksi

corn, ground; tanchi aholokchi, tash
fotoha

corn, Indian; tanchi

corn, parched; onush alwasha

corn, pop; ta’sh bokanli

corn, ripe; fta”sh shila, tash waya

corn, shucked; ta”sh lufa

corn, small; ta”sh ushi

corn, sweet; shinoa, tanchi shikoa

corn, to; hapi yammichi

corn, white; ta”sh haksi

corn blade, tanchi hishi

corn bran; pishilukchi, ta%sh hoshunluk

corn bread; naksakawa, tanchi paska

corn chaff, ta”sh haktupish

corn dough, ta”sh yammaska

corn fodder; tanchi hishi, tarsh hishi

corn fodder, a bundle of; tanchi hishi
sita

corn harvest, ta%sh hoyo

corn house, kanchak

corn husk, tanchi hakshup

corn leaves, fanchi hishi

corn loft, kanchak

corn meal; tanchi pushi, tash fotoha,
tatsh pushi

corn measure; tanchi isht alhpisa, ta%sh
isht alhpisa

corn mill; tansh afotoha, ta%sh afotoha

corn on the foot, salbo

corn shuck, tanchi hakshup

corn silk; tanchi ipashi, tash parshi

corn silk when dry, ta”sh pa”shi holusi

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

419

corn sucker; tanchi apata, apulli, ta%sh
akka pushli, tarsh apatulli

corn tassel; hinak, okhinak,
habali, tansh hinak

corn tied up, ta%sh shikowa

corncob; api, tanch api,

corncrib; kanchak, pihcha

corner; achukbi, aiokhankachi,
hana, naksika, naksinka

corner, inside; chukbi, chukbika

corner of a field, shokulbi

corner of the eye, nishkin wishakchi

corner of the eye, the flesh in the;
nishkin nukbilankchi

corners, having; takastua

corners, to have; tashiha

corners of streets, itaiyukhana

cornfield, osapa

cornstalk; api, ta%sh api

coronation; mi”ko aiokpachi, minkochi

coronet, iachuka

corpse; hatak illi, nan ili

corpulent, nia

correct; ati, alhpesa

correct, to; aiskiachi, alhpesachi, fammi

corrected; aiskia, alhpesa

corrected again, atuklant aiskia

correspond, to; holissochi

corroborate, to; kallochi, tampkuchi

corrode (as copper), to; okchamalichi

corrupt; okpulo, toshbi

corrupt, to; okpani, okpulo, shua, shua-
chi, toshbi, toshbichechi

corrupted; okpulo, shua, toshbi

corruption, aninchichi

corse, hatak ili

cost; aialbi, awlli, albi

cost, to; alli

cost free, alli iksho

costive, alaka ikaiyu

costly; aiilli atapa, aiilli chito

cot; aboha iskitini, abohushi, chukushi,
ibbak ushi foka, topa iskitint

cottage; abohushi, chukushi

cottager, abohush atta

cotton; pokpo, ponola

cotton, carded; ponol lapushki, pono-
shiahchi

cotton, ginned; ponola nihi

cotton, spun; ponola shana

cotton, twisted; ponoshana

cotton, woven; ponola tanna

cotton bale, ponola ani

cotton cards, ponola isht shiahchi

tanchi

aiyuk-

420

cotton cloth, ponola tanna

cotton gin; ponola anihelichi, ponola
aniht

cotton gin, large;
chito

cotton plant, ponolapi

cotton pods, ponobokanli

cotton thread; ponola, ponola shana

cotton thread, coarse; ponola okshi
chanhi

cotton yarn; ponola, ponola shana

cottonseed; ponola nihi, ponola pehna

cottonwood tree, ashumbala

couch; anusi, onitola, patalhpo, topa

couch, to; boli, hachukbilhka, itola, luhma

cough, hotilhko

cough, to; hotilhko

could; hinlatok, hinlatuk

could have; ahinlatok, ahinlatuk, hinla-
tok, hinlatuk

council; manumpuli, hatak hochitoka
itanaha, hatak itanaha, nan apesa ateha

council fire, aiulhti

council ground;
aianumpuli

council house; aianumpuli chuka, chuka
hanta, hatak aianumpuli chuka

councilor; hatak anumponli, nan immiya

counsel; anumpa, imanukfila

counsel, to; anumpuli, nanukachi

counselor; anumpuli, hatak anumponli,
miha

count, holhpena

count, to; hopena, hotina

count upon, to; ahni, anukfilli

counted; holhpena, holhtena

countenance, nashuka

counter; hopena, hotina, na hotina, nan
tanna aiapesa

counterfeit, holabi

counterfeit note, holisso lapushki okpulo

counterfeit paper money, to; holisso
lapushki okpulo ikbi

country, yakni

country, a bad; yakni okpulo

country, a good; yakni achukma

country, one; yakni

countrymen, okla chafa

couple, a; ifawaya, tuklo

couple, to; apotoli, auaya, itauaya

courage; aiyimita, yuminta

courage, to have; amoshuli

courageous; nakni, nukwia iksho

ponola anihelichi

aanumpulika, hatak

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

covered;

[BULL. 46

course; apelichi, bachali, bachaya, bachoha,
shachaha

course, to;
silhhi, yitepa

courser; isuba, isuba shinimpa

court; hatak nan apesa, holihta, kasbi,
wanuta

courteous; achukma, aiokpanchi

courtesy, to; bikuttokachi

cousin; aki, apokni, amafo, amoshi,
imanni, impusnakni, wtibapishi toba,
nak fish

covenant; anumpa alhpisa, anumpa
itimapesa, nan itimapesa, nana alhpisa

covenant, to; anumpa itimapesa

covenanted, anumpa itimalhpisa

cover; ialipa, onlipa, umpata, umpoholmo

cover, to; apohkochi, homo, ishi, luhmi,
ohulmochi, ompohomo, umpohomi, um-
pohomo

cover of a box, itombi onlipa

cover over, to; patali, umpohomi

cover with boards, to; wmpohomi

apohko, holmo, alhpohomo,
iatipa, luma, ohulmo, ompoholmo, ulh-
pohomo, umpatalhpo, umpoholmo

covering; alata, holmo, isht umpoholmo,
ompoholmo, umpoholmo

covering for a house, chuka isht holmo

covering of a camp, alipo

coverlet; anchi, topa umpatalhpo

covet, to; anushkunna, banna fehna

covetous; banna fehna, tali holisso ahni-
chi

cow; wak, wak tek

cow, dun-colored; shakbona

cow, line-back; wak nali tohbi

cow, milch; wak bishahchi

cow, old; wak ishki

cow, to; nukshobli

cow, white-back; wak nali tohbi

cow, yearling; wak afammi

cow, young; wak tek himmeta

cow brand, wak isht inchu™wa

cow dung, wak iryalhki

cow path, wak autanowa

cow range; wak aiimpa, wak avitanowa

cow trail, wak aiitanowa

cow trough, wak aiimpa

cow whip, wak isht fama

cow without horns; wak lapish iksho,
wak yushkoboli

cow yard; holihta, wak i”holihta

hoyo, maleli, malelichi,

BYINGTON]

coward; hatak hobak, hobak, isht ilauelr

cowardly; hobak, hobak chohmi, isht ilaueli

cowed, nukshopa

cower, to; bikuttokachi

cowhide, wak hakshup

cowlick; pa”shi imahaiya, wak inlukfapa

cowpen, wak itholihta

coxcomb; hatak ilakshema shati, hatak
shema shalt

coy; hopoksia, nukshopa, nuktanla

coyness, nukshopa

cozen, to; haksichi

cozened, haksi

cozener, haksichi

crab grass, hashuk pata

erack; bisanlih, bitanli, bokafa, fachanli,
kichanli, kichaya, kisati, koa, pachanli,
pachashli, patak, wakalali, wakla

crack, a large; kitafa, kitanli

crack, a small; kisatya

crack, to; basisakachi, katoti, kichali,
kichanli, kichanlichi, kichaya, kichayachi,
kisaha, kisati, kisatichi, kisanya, kisayachi,
kitanli, kitanlichi, kitaffi, koa, kokoa,
kokuli, koli, lallichi, pachanlt, pakulli,
patukachi, wakalali

crack, to cause to; kichanlichi, wakala-
lichi, waklacha

crack a whip, to; tukatolachi

crack open, to; bitanli, bitanlichi, bita-
tanya, bokatichi, fachanli, fachanli, fi-
chanli, kitafa, pachashli, wakla

crack open, to cause to; pachanlichi

cracked; bokafa, kichanli, kichaya, kisati,
kisatya, kitafa, kitanli, koa, kokoa,
litilakachi, pachanli, wakalali

cracked and curled up, kusha

cracked open; bitanli, fichanli, wakla

cracker, paska kallo

cracking open, /fichanl

crackle, to; libbachih

cracknel, pasha

cracks; patalak

eradle; alla anusi, onush isht almo

cradle, to; alla anusi foki, onush amo

cradle scythe, onush isht basha

craft, imponna

crafty, imponna

cram, to; atelichi, isikopa

cramp, li’fa

cramp, to; livfa

cramp in the foot, iyi linfa

cramp in the hand, chukfi yoba

cramped foot, iyi lirfa

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

42]

crane (bird), watonlak

crane (for a kettle), asonak atakali

crane (of wood), iti kusha yaiya

crane, a small white; uskap

crane, a white sand-hill; watonluk oshi

crane, the white; oskan

cranium, nushkobo foni

crank, isht fali

crash, to; bimihachi, bimimpa, katali,
litohi

crater, itopa

cravat; inuchi, nantapaski inuchi

crave, to; asilhha, banna

crave meat, to; pushkano

crawfish, shakchi

crawl, to; balali

crawler, balali

craze, to; tasembochi

crazed, tasembo

craziness, tasembo

crazy, okpulot taha

creak, kachakachi

creak, to; kachakachi

creak, to make; kachakachechi

creaking, kachakachi

cream; almochi, pishukchi nia, pishukchi
pakna

cream bowl, pishukchi nia aialhto

cream pot, pishukchi nia aialhto

crease, lanfa

crease, to; fan/i

crease in the skin, ya”fa

creased, shikoli

creases on a screw, shikoha

create, to; ikbi, tobachi

created, toba

creation, toba

creator, ikbi

creature, bad; nan okpulo

credible, yimmahe alhpesa

credit; holitopa, yimmi

credit, to; ahekachi, yimma

credited; aheka, yimmr

creditor; aheka ishi, ahekachi, nan ahe-
kachi

credulous, yimmi shalt

creek, bok

creek, a long; bok falaia

creep, to; balali, balalli

creep after, to; apali

creeper; balali, balalli

crest; impasha, shikopa

crest of a turkey, ibilatampa

crevice; bitanli, wakalah, wakla

422

crew, hatak kanomona

erib; alla anusi, isuba aiimpa pent,
kanchak

cricket; aionasha, iti warya, shalontaki

erier; hatak pa®ya, nan anoli, nan hoa,
panya

cries, one who; yaiya

crime, anumpa kobaffi

criminal; anumpa kobaffi, na haksi

crimson, humma

cripple; hatak iksitopo, kinafkahi, sitopa

cripple, to; sitopa

crisp, a; yikottakachi, yikotua

crisp, to; bokusa, yikoti, yikota, yikotachi,
yikotua, yikutkacht

erisped; bokusa, yikokoa, yikota, yikotua,
yikutkacht

critical time, aialhpesa

croak, to; ola

crock, to; lusachi

crockery; amphata, ampo

crockery shelf, ampo atala

erook; chasaloha, chawana, chinachuhi,
chinakbi, kofunoha, tanakbi, tanantobi

crook, to; chasalachi, shanaiachi, sha-
natoli, tanantobichi, tanakbichi, tanalloh,
tonokbichi, yiryikechi

crook, to make a; chinakbichi

erooked; bokota, chanakbi, chasaloha,
chasala, chawana, chikisanali, china-
chubi, chinakbi, folota, folotoa, fulomolh,
kofuna, kofunoha, koshuna, panala,

shanaia, shanaioa, tanakbi, tanantobi,
tanalloha, tannalla, tobbonoa, tonokbi,
yiryiki, yunyuki

crooked, to make; chasalohachi, china-
chubichi, chinakbichi, koshunachi, tanan-
tobichi, tanallachi, tobbonachi, tonok-
bichi

crooked, to stand, auatali

crooked leg; iyi tanakbi, iyi tanalla

crookedness, shanaia

crop; awaya, hatip, na waya

crop, to; amo, kashoffichi, taptuli

crop close off, to; okmilotichi

crop grass, hashuk pata

crop of a fowl, impafakchi

cropped; almo, taptua

cropped ears, haksobish almo

cropped short, to be; okmiloti

cropped tail, hasimbish tapa

cross (angry); ba%shkiksho,
nukoa

hasharya,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

cross (intersecting lines); aiyukhana,
hasharya, ilepushpuli, itaiyukhana, iti
taiyukhana, iyukhana, nan aiyukhana

cross, to; aiyukhana, aiyukhanni, apo-
tomi, apotomolili, chukashaya, ‘iyuk-
hannali, topulli, okhoatali, olabbi

cross, to make one; hasha”yachi

cross a row, to; aiyukhaneli

cross another road, to; hina abanabli,
hinakfoata

cross-eyed; nishkin itasunali, nishkin
itiopitama, nishkin okhaiyanli, nishkin
shanaiya, okhaiyanli.

cross-legged, iyi itabanali

cross out, to; kashoffi

cross over, to; fanapoli, tanabli

cross over another road, to;
othanabli

cross the legs, to; iyi itabanali

crossbar, okhoatkachi

crossed, iyukhanna

crosses over, one who; tanabli

crossing, alopulli

crossing place, akucha

crosspiece; okhoataka, okhoatkachi

crossroad; hina abanabli, hina onhanabli,
hinakfoata

crossway, bok itipatalhpo

crosswise; afataiya, okhoata, okhoata-
kachi

crotch, falakto

crotched, falakto

crouch, to; akkachunoli, bikota

croup, hatip

crow, fala

crow, to; akak ola, ilauata, ilefehnachi,
ola

crow, young; falushi

crowbar; isht tonolichi, tali isht afinni

crowd; hatak laua, laua

crowd, to; atetichi, atetifa, atetifichi, kan-
tali

crowded; alota, atetifa

crowing, ola

crowing, the time of cock; aka”k ola

crown; aiatipa, iachuka, miko imiachuka

crown, to; bitelichi, minko ikbi

crown of a hat, paknaka

crown of a hill; nanih paknaka, pak-
nanrka

crown of the head, nushkobo iyafunfo

crowned; mivko, mitko toba

crucify, to; iti taiyukhana ahonatichi

hina

BYINGTON]

crude; imponna, nuna, okchanki

cruel; halhpatsha iksho, palammi

crumble, to; boshulli, boshullichi, lishoa,
lisholili, tushtua

crumble off, to; liweli

crumbled; boshulli, tushtua

crumbs; boshulli, lishoa, tushtua

crunch, to; kapulhachi

crupper, hasimbish foka

crush, to; katali, litoti

crushed; kata, litoa

crust, hakshup

crust, to; hakshup ikbi

crutch; isht ilaneli, isht tabeli, tabi

crutches, iti taptwa isht nowa

ery; isht tahpala, nan nusi, pa”ya, yaiya

ery, to; akak ola, bolunkboa, lirsa, parya,
tahpala, yaiya, ya*wa

cry, to cause to; pa”yachi

ery about, to; yaiya

ery for each other, to; yaiya

cry for the dead; nan anusi, yanusi

cry on account of, to; yaiya

ery out, to; parya

crying, yaiya

crying, one who is addicted to; yaiya
shali

cub, nitushi

cub, fox; chula ushi

cub, to; cheli

cubit, kubit

cucumber; na hollo imokchak, okchark
holba

cud, hopa”sa

cudgel; atashi, itashi, iti tapena

cuff; ibbak tilokachi afohoma, ilefoka sha-
kba afohoma, shakba apotoma

cuff, to; isso, pasaha, pasalichi

cull, to; aiyoa

culled, aiyua

culprit; anumpa kobaffi, hatak haksi

cultivate, to; toksali

cultivate a field, to; osapa pilesa

cultivated fruits; nan apoba,
alhpoa

cultivated plants, nan alhpoa

cultivated trees; nan apoba, nan alhpoa

cultivated vegetables, nan apoba

cumber, to; ataklammi, okpanichi

cumbered, ataklama

cumulate, to; itannali

cunning; alatichi, haksi, imponna

cup; chakli, isht ishko

cup, small; isht ishkushi

nan

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

423

cup, tea; isht ishkushi

cup, tin; isht ishko latassa

cup, to; lati

cup with a horn, to; lapish intakalichi

cupboard, kapbat

cupidity, holitopa banna

cupped, daha

cupper, tali

cur, ofi

curable; atta hinla, lakoffa hinla

curator, apesachi

curb, to; fololichi

curb chain, nutakfa isht atapachi

curb strap, nutakfa isht atapachi

curdle, to; hauashko, walaha, walahachi

curdled; walanto, walaha

cure; lakoffi, tako’ ffi

cure, to; lakoffichi, masalichi, mominchi,
na takofichi, shila, shileli

cure grass, to; hashuk shileli

cure over a fire, to; abani, albani

cured; albani, atta, chanla, takoffi, shila

cured, a person; na lako/i

cureless, lakoffahe keyu

curer; abani, allikchi, attachi, takoffichi,
na takoficht

curl, to; bochusachi, bonunta, chanaha,
yinyikechi, yinyiki, yushbonuli

curl hair, to; yikowa, yushbonulichi

curl up, to; bochusa, lasimo

curled; yinyiki, yushbonoli

curled hair, having; yushbonuli

curled up, kusha

curling; yiryiki

curly headed, yushbonuli

current, himak

current of air, mali

current of water, yanalli

curried, shilla

eurrier, wak hakshup shemachi

curries, one who; shilli

curry, to; shilli, wak hakshup lusachi

currycomb, iswba isht imshilli

curse; anumpa kallo onutula, kalakshi,
isht avinpalammi, na palammi, nam
palammi

curse, to; anumpa kallo onuchi, ilbashali,
istkkopali, kalakshichi, na mihachi

cursed; anumpa kallo onutula, ilbasha,
istkkopa, kalakshi

cursing, isht avirpalammi

cursory; palhki, tushpa

curtail, to; yushkobolichi

curtain, nan tanna aba takali

424

curvated, tobbona

curve, a; mahaia, tanakbi, tobbona

curve, to; mahaia, tobbonachi

curved; mahaia, tobbonnoa

curving, tanakbi

cushion; aionasha umpatalhpo, apatalh-
po, umpatalhpo

cushion, a pin; chufak ushi ashamolti

custody; apistikeli, yuka

custom; aiimalhpesa, aiimomaka,
machi, nan alhpisa, yohmi

custom, receipt of; tali holisso avitahoba,
tali holisso atvitannali

customer, itatoba

customhouse, tali holisso avitannali

cut; atila, almo, basha, chatya, chuta,
hobak, shanfa

cut, a; abasha, achatya, basha, bashli, ko-
lofa, mitelicht

cut, to; abashli, atitichi, amo, bashli,
chanli, hobak ikbi, kacheli, shanfi, tusha-
lichi, tushli

cut across, to; dopulli

cut and see, to; basht pisa

cut asunder, to; ahokoffi

cut down, to; akkakoli, chant akkachi,
chant kinaffi

cut in two, to; tabli

cut into thin pieces, pasa

cut off; hokofa, hokoti, katapa, kolofa,
koloti, nachofa, naha, nipafa

cut off, piece; ahokunfa

cut off, to; abit tali, basht tapli, basht
tushaffi, chant tapli, chutaffi, hokoffi,
hokotichi, katapoti, katiffi, katoti, kolo-
tichi, koluffi, koyoffi, nacholi, nachuffi,
natichi, nipatichi, tabli, tushaffi tushli

cut off at; ahokofa, akolofa

cut off at, to; ahokoffi, akoluffi

cut off pieces, to; tushtuli

cut open, patati

cut open, to; pataffi

cut open a blood vessel, to; kitiffi

cut out, to; chuli, shukla

cut the ears, to; haksobish bashli, ok-
miloti, okmiloticht

cut the hair, to; okmiloti, okmilotichi

cut wheat, to; onush amo

cut with shears; kachatya, kalasha

cut with shears, to; kalashli, kahchi

cut up; hokoli, katota, tushtua

cut up (as grass); okchaha

cut up, to; hokolichi

cut up underbrush, to; balli

imo-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

cuticle, hakshup

cutter; bashli, iti bashli, iti chanlt
cutting block, acharya
cutting-off place, atoshafa
cutworm, haiyowani

cygnet, okak ushi

ezar, mitko

dagger, bashpo falaia

dagger, to; bali

daily; nitak atukma, nitak moma, onna

dainty, shohwalashli

dairy, pishukchi ataloha

dairyman, hatak pishukchikanchi

dale, okfa :

dam; ishki, isht oktapa, oktapa

dam, to; oktabli, oktaptuli

damage, to; okpani, okpulo

damaged, okpulo

damages, alhtoba

dame, ohoyo

dame, school; ohoyo holisso pisachi

dammed, oktapa

damn, to; aiokpuloka foki, anumpa kallo
miha, anumpa kallo onuchi

damnable, i/bashahe alhpesa

damned; aiokpuloka chukoa, aiokpuloka
Soka

damnified, okpulo

damnify, to; okpani

damp; hotokbi, lacha, shummi

damped; hotokbi, kapassa

dampen, to; hotokbichi, shwmmichi

dampened, shummi

dampened (as to the feelings), ima-
nukfila akanlust

dampness, shummi

dams, one who; oktabli

damsel; ohoyo himmita, yash

dance; chepulli, hita

dance, a kind of; nakni hila, nashoba
hita

dance, to; chepulechi, chepulli, hita,
panshi isht hita

dance, to cause to; hitachi

dance at or on, to; ahila

dancer; hita, na hita

dandle, to; alla sholi

dandruff; kotonli, isuba fochunli, nush-
kobo fochonli

dandy, hatak shema shali

danger; aleka, hepulla

dangle, to; fahakachi, takant fahakachi

dank, shwmmz

BYINGTON ]

dapple, bakoa

dapple, to; bakoachi

dappled, bakoa

dare, to; nukwia iksho, parfi

dark; lusa, oklusbi, oktili, okpolusbi,
okshochobi, tampt

dark place, oktlileka

dark, the; aioktileka, oktileka

dark, to render it; okpolusbichi

dark-brown, holu”si

dark-colored; alusachi, lusluki

darken, to; lusachi, hoshontichi, oktilechi,
oktili

darkened, oktili

darkish, oklusbi

darkness; aioktileka, aioklili, aioktilivka,
atoktilinkaka, oktileka, oktili, oktilinka

darkness, night; ninak oktili

darkness, to produce; oktilechi

darling, holitopa

darn, to; achunli

dart; isht hwsa, naki

dart, to; lipa, naki pila, palhki

dash, to; pokafa

dash against, to; pokafa

dash to pieces, to; kobullichi

dash water, to; oka pokafa

dastard, hobak

date, nitak

date, to; nitak holhtina takalicht

dated, nitak holhtina takali

daub, to; apolusli

daubed; apolusa, alhpolosa

dauber, apolusli

daubing; apolusa, isht alhpolosa

daughter; iso tek, oshetik, saso tek, ushe-
tik, ushi tek

daughter-in-law, ippok.

daunt, to; chukash akkalusechi, nuk-
shobli

daunted; chutkash akka"lusi, nukshopa

dawn; ammona, nitak tohwikeli, okti-
linchi, onnat isht inchi, onnat minti,
onnat tohwikeli

dawn, to; oktilinchi,
onnat mintt

day; nitak, nusi, onna

day, all; shohbi

day, close of the; shohbi

day, next; onna

day, one; nitak achafa

day, this; himak nitak

day after to-morrow, misha

onnat isht inchi,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

425

day after to-morrow, on the; mishshak-
ma

day before yesterday, misha, misha-
kash, mishash

day before yesterday, on the; misha-
kashon

daybreak; onnat mintt,
tohwiket minti

daylight; hashi tohwikeli, nitak tohwikeli,
onna, onnat minti, tohwiket minti

daylight, the coming of; onnat minti

daylight, to cause; tohwiketichi

daysman, itinnan aiyachechi

daytime, nitak

dazzle, to; botosha, illichi, shohmalali

dazzling, malancha

deacon, tksa asonunchi alhtoka

dead; fiopa tapa, ili, kania, shumba

dead, almost; ila husi, illinaha

dead, the; iklanna, illi, shinuk kaha

dead man, hatak ili

dead-drunk, haksit illi

deaden, to; ilichi

deadness, ili

deaf; haklo, haksi, haponaklo

deafen, to; haksichi, haksubachi, haksul-
bachi

deafened, haksuba

deafening, hakswba

deafness; haksi, haksulba

deal, to; hopela, ima, itatoba, kanchi,
kashkoli

deal together, to; akaniohmi

deal with, to; anumpuli

dealer; itatoba, na kanchi, nan chumpa

dealing, akaniohmi

dear; haloka, holitopa, ialli chito

dear (not cheap), ailli atapa, aiilli
chito

dear to, a”hollo

dear to him; i”holitopa, i”hollo

dearness; alhtoba chito, holitopa

dearth, iksho

death; alli, illi, alli atukla, nan ill

death, cause of} isht illi

death song, atalwa

deathbed, ailli

deathblow, to give a; aiyabechi

deathless, illahe keyu

deathlike, iluhmi

debase, to; kalakshichi

debased, kalakshi

debate, itimanumpuli

shutik hata,

426

debate, to; achowa, anukfilli

debated, anuwmpa

debater, isht anumpuli

debauch, to: haksichi, haui ikbi

debauched, haksit okpulot taha

debauchee, hatak haksi

debauchery, isikopa

debilitate, to; kotachi

debilitated; kota, tikabi

debility, kota

debit, to; ahekachi

debt; aheka, ashachi

debtor; aheka

debtor, a; aheka imasha, nan aheka

decade, pokoli

decalogue, the;
alhpisa pokoli

decamp, to; bina

decanter, kotoba shohkalali

decapitate, to; nushkobo tabli

decapitated, nushkobo tapa

decay, to; laue, toshbi, toshbit isht a

decay, to cause to; shullachi

decayed; shulla, shumba, toshbi

decayed, somewhat; toshbulba

decease, ili

decease, to; ili

deceased, illi

deceit; haksi, pakama

deceitful, haksi

deceive, to; apakammi, apakamoti, hak-
sichi, pakamoti, pakammi, yimmichi,
yoshobli, yoshoblichi

deceived; apakama, apakamoa, hakst,
pakama, pakamoa, yimma

Chihowa imanumpa

deceiver; apakammi, apakamoli, hak-
sichi, pakammi, yimmichi, yoshobbi,
yoshobla

December, Tisimba

decency, alhpesa

decent; achukma, alhpesa, kostini

deception, haksi

decide, to; ahokoffi, apesa, issachi

decided; ahokofa, alhpesa

decider, nan apesa

decision; ahokofa, anumpa alhpisa, alh-
pisa

deck, to; shema

decked, shema

declaim, to; anumpuli

declaimer; anumpa isht hika, anumpuli

declamation, anumpa

declaration; aiatokowa, anumpa, atokowa

declare, to; achi, anoli, atokoa

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

declared; anoa, anuwmpa

declarer, anoli

decline, to; akka ia, haklo

declivity; abaksacheka, okkattahakaia

decoct, to; honi

decoction, na honni okchi

decollated, nushkobo tapa

decorate, to; shema

decorate another, to; shemachi

decorated, shema

decoration; isht shema, nan isht shema

decorous; alhpesa, kostini

decorum, kostini

decoy, to; haksichi

decrease, to; laue, lauechi

decreased, laue

decree, anumpa alhpisa

decree, to; apesa

decreed, alhpesa

decrepit, sitopa

decried, kalakshi

decry, to; kalakshichi

dedicate, to; holitoblichi, imissa

dedication, ima

deed; akaniohmi, ayakohmi, nana kani-
ohm

deem, to; anuhkfilli

deem himself, to; ilapisa

deep; hofobi, okshonulli, okyoti

deep, the; ahofobika, ahofombika, hofom-
bika, okhata chito

deep place; ahofobi, ahofobika

deepen, to; hofobichi, hofobit ia

deepened, hofobi

deepness, hofobi

deer, isi

deer, a forked-horn; isi folaktuli

deerskin, isakshup

deface, to; kalakshichi, okpani

defaced; okpulo, pisa okpulo

defamation, nan wmanchi

defame, to; hatak nanumachi,
umachi

defamer; hatak nanumachi, nan umachi

defeat, imaiya

defeat, to; imaiya, imaiyachi, takofficht

defect, ona

defection, falama

defective; ona, shumba

defend, to; falammichi, itibi, oktabli

defer, to; abanablichi

defile, to; iakaiya, liteli, okpani

defiled; liteha, okpulo

define, to; atokoli

nan

~

BYINGTON ]

define words, to; tosholi

defined, toshoa

definite, atokoa

deflower, to; ohoyo himmita okpani

deform, to; pisa okpani

deformed, pisa okpulo

deformed naturally, imomokpulo

deformity, imomokpulo

defraud, to; haksichi

defrauded, haksi

defrauder, haksichi

defray, to; atobbi

defrayed, alhtoba

defrayer, atobbi

defunct, li

defy, to; parfi

degenerate; achukma, makali, okpulo

degenerate, to; makali, okpulot ia

deglutition; nanabli, nalli

degrade, to; kalakshichi, makalichi

degraded; ilbasha, kalakshi, makali

degree; ahabli, ahika, isht alhpisa

deify, to; Chihowa hobachit ikbi

deist, aba anumpa ikyimmo

Deity; Shilombish chitokaka aba, Shilom-
bish holitopa ;

deject, to; ilbashachi, nukha"klochi

dejection, ulbal ont ia

delay, to; ataklammi, abanablichi, aban-
apa, hopakichechi, hopakichi

delayed; ataklama, ataklamoa, abanapa,
mishema

delegate, alhtoka

delegate, to; atokoli

delegated; atokowa, alhtoka

delegation, hatak alhtoka

deleterious, okpulo

deliberate, alhpiesa

deliberate, to; anukfilli

delicate, achukma

delicious, achukma

delight, yukpa

delight, to; achukma, aiokpachechi, yuk-
pa, yukpali

delighted, yukpa

delightful; achukma, yukpa

delineate, to; fanfi

delineated, la”/fa

delirious, tasembo

delirious, to make; tasembochi

delirium, tasembo

deliver, to; anumpuli, ibbak fohki, kan-
chi, takoffichi, okchalinchi

deliver to, to; fohki, ima

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

427

deliverance, alakofi

delivered; anumpa, ibbak fohka, ibbak
Joka, takoffi, okchanya

deliverer; atakofichi, anwmpuli, takoffi-
chi, nan okchalinchi, okchalinchi

delude, to; haksichi, imanukfila okpani,
yimmichi

deluded; haksi, yimmi

deluder; haksichi, yimmichi

deluge; oka bikeli, oka falama, okchito

deluge, the; oka falama chito

deluge, to; oka bikelichi, okchitochi, ok-
chitoli

deluged; oka bikeli, oka falama, okchito

demand, to; asilhha, hoyo, ponaklo

demander; asil/hha, hoyo, ponaklo

demiwolf, nashoba iklanna

demolish, to; akkachi, kinaffi, yuli

demolished; akkama, kinafa, yuta

demolisher, kinaffi

demon, shilombish okpulo

demoniace, isht ahollo

demoralize, to; chu”kash okpani

demoralized, chu"kash okpulo

den; alhpichik, chuka, fichukbi, hichukbi,
koi chito inchuka, nam poa inchuka

den, to; hichukbi fonka, yakni hichukbi
aiatta

denominate, to; hochifo

denominated, hochifo

denomination; hochifo, iksa

denomination, Christian; aba anum-
pult iksa

denominator, hochifo

denounce, to; miha

dense; Jawa, sukko

dent; habefa, habifkachi,
kafakbi, lanlaki

dent, to; afebli, habefoli, habiffi, habifli,
kafakbichi

dented; habefa, kafakbi, habifkachi

denude, to; shueli

deny, to; ahah achi, anti, haklo, keyuachi,
olabbi, yohmi

deny himself, to; kanchi

depart, to; aya, attat ia, filammi, ia
ilhkolt, ill, issa, kanali, kucha

departed; illi, kania

departure; ili, ‘ssa,
kucha

depend, to; aba takali

depend upon, to; anukcheto

dependence, aianukcheto

dependent, aba takali

hafakbi, isso,

?

kanalli, kania,

428

dependent, a; anukcheto

dependent, a political; tashka

depict, to; achukmat anoli, hobachi

deplorable; ilbasha, nukhaklo, okpulo

deplored, nukha”klo

deplorer, nukha"klo

depopulate, to; chukillissachi

depose, to; anumpa kallo ilonuchit anoli,
kobaffi

deposed, kobafa

deposit, aboli

deposit, place of; aboli

deposit, to; akkaboli, ashachi, boli

deprave, to; okpani

depraved, okpulo

depravity, okpulo

depreciate, to; kalakshichi

depreciated, kalakshi

depredate, to; hu”kupa, okpani,
pula .

depredated; okpulo, wehpoa

depredation, hu’kupa

depredator, wehpuli

depress, to; akanlusechi, chunkash akka-
lusechi, ilapissachi, ilbashachi, nukhan-
klocha

depress himself, to; ilapissachi

depressed; chu®kash akkatlusi, ilapissa,
ilbasha

deprive, to; wehpuli

deprive of hair, to; hachunchubachi

deprive of liberty, to; yukachi

deprive of sight, to; nishkin okpani

deprived, wehpoa

deprived of hair, hachunchuba

depth, hofobi

depth, the; ahofobika, hofobika

deputation, hatak alhtoka

depute, to; atokoli

deputed; atokowa, alhtoka

deputy, alhtoba

derange, to; aiyokomichi

deranged, aiyokoma

deride, to; ahni, isht oklushi, isht ukta-
kafa, olalli

derider, olalli

descant, to; anwmpuli

descend, to; akka ia, akka itula, akkoa,
minti, okataha, okatanowa, okkattaha

descend from, to; atia

descend from heaven, to; aba minti

descendant; ataya, uncholulli, unchu-
luli, ushi

weh-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

descendants of man, the; hatak isht
unchololi

descended from man, hatak isht atia

descending, okshilama

descent; akkia, isht atia, okataha, okshi-
lama

descent of a hill, nanih akkia

describe, to; anoli, lanfi

described; anoa, la*fa

description; isht anumpa, pisa

descry, to; pisa

desert, chukillissa

desert, a; chukushmi, kowi, shinuk foka,
shinuk kaha, yakni haiaka

desert, to; avissachi, chukillissa, issa,
malelit kania

desert a clan, to; iksa issa

desert place, shinuk foka

deserted; aksho, issa

deserted house, chukillissa

deserted place; aiissa, awiha

deserter, malelit kania

desertion; issa, isht ilaweha

deserve, to; asitabi

design, to; ahni, larfi

designate, to; anoli, tanft

designated, anoa

designed, ahni

desire, na banna

desire, a; ahni

desire, to; ahni, anushkunna, banna,
churkash ia

desk; aholissochi, aianumpuli, aionholis-
socht

desolate; chukillissa, ilbasha

desolate, to; chukillissachi

desolated; chukillissa, okla iksho

desolation, a; aiokpuloka

despicable, shittilema

despise, to; ahnichi, ahoba, isht ikinahno,
isht ikinyukpo, kanimachi, shihtilema,
shittilema

despised; isht ikivahno, kalakshi

despite, isht ikimahno

despite, to; nukkilli

despoil, to; wehpuli, weti

despoiled, wehpoa

despond, to; chunkash akkatlusi

destine, to; ahni, ahokoffi, apesa

destitute; iksho, ilbasha

destroy, to; alechi, abi, abit tali, iksho-
kechi, ilbashali, issot kanchi, kobaffi,
lelt, mosholichi, nasholichi, nuktakashhi,
okpant

BYINGTON ]

destroy, to utterly; okpanit tali

destroy life, to; fiopa tapli

destroy the eye, to; nishkin okpani

destroyed, okpulo

destroyed, utterly; okpulot taha

destroyer; chukillissachi, nan okpani,
okpani, yuti

destruction; aiokpuloka, atechi, abi, illi,
ili atukla, nan okpulo, nuklakancha,
okpulo, shinuk foka, shinuk kaha, yuta

destruction, to cause; okpanichi

desuetude, aksho

detail, anumpa

detail, to; anoli

detailed, anoa

detain, to; oktabli

detained, ataklama

detect, to; pisa

determine himself, to; ilap ahni, ilap
anukfilli

determined, alhpesa

dethrone, to; mirko kobaffi

dethroned, miko kobafa

dethroned king, mivko kobafa

detriment, nan okpulo

deuce, tuklo

devastate, to; okpani

devastated, okpulo

devastation, okpulo

develop, to; haiakachi

developed, haiaka

deviate, to; apakfopa,
yoshoba

deviation, ashachi

devil, an unclean; shilombish okpulo

devil, the; nan isht ahollo okpulo, setan,
shilombish okpulo

devil’s shoestring,
isimitlusak

devious, fulomoli

devise, to; apesa, imissa

devoid; zksho, ilbasha

devote, to; apesa

devour, to; apa, apat tali, okpani

devout, aba anumpa nukfoka

dew, fichak

dew, heavy; fichak chito

dew, honey; jfichak kashatha

dew, to become; fichak toba

dewberry, bissuntalali, haiyantalali

dewdrops, jfichak

dexterous, imponna

diabetes, hoshwwa shati

diadem, minko imiachuka

ashachi, folota,

the; imallunsak,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

429

dial, hashi isht ikhana

dialect, anwmpa

dialogue; anumpuli, itimanumpuli

diameter, sukko

diaper, apokshiama

diaphragm; ataka, ilapa

diarrhea; chula isht abeka, ikpfia, ulbal
isht atopulli, ulbal ont ia

dictate, anumpa alhpisa

dictate, to; anumpa apesa, mihachi

dictator, anumpa apesa

dictionary, tikshaneli

did; hatuk, kamo, tok, tuk

die, to; ili, lwak mosholi

die in childbed, to; alla isht illi

diet; ilhpak, impa, impachi

differ, to; achowa, chowa, holba, inla
tkholbo

differ, to cause to; achowa

different; ilabinka, ilaiyuka, inla

different and separate, ilaminka

different clan, iksa inla

different places, kanov

difficult; ahchiba, okpulo, yukpahe keyu

difficulty; nan ikanimi, nan isht taka-
lama

difficulty, having some; nan inkanimi

diffidence; nukwia, takshi

diffident; nukwia, takshi

diffuse, to; jfimmi

diffused, fimimpa

dig, to; itakshish kulli, kulli

dig a hollow, to; yakni kolukbichi

dig round, to; kullit apakfobli

dig the earth, to; yakni kulli

dig up, to; okchali

digest, to; anukfilli, litoa

digger, kulli, na kulli

digging, kula

dignify, to; aiokpachi, holitoblichi

dignity, holitopa

dike; sakti ikbi, yakni kula

dike, to make a; sakti ikbi

dilate, to; chitoli

dilatory, salaha

diligence, aiokpachi

diligent, aiokpachi

diligently, achukmalit

dilute, to; homechi, kallochi

diluted, homi

dim; luma, toffokoli, tulhpakali

dim, to; oktilechi

dime, a; iskali

diminish, to; haboffi, iskitinichi, lawechi

430

diminished, iskitini

diminutive, iskitini, ushi

dimly, to cause to shine; tohmasaklichi

dimly, to shine; tohkasakli, tohmasakli

dimness of eyesight, nishkin tohbi

dimple, shinoa

din; chamakachi, kitihachi, kobohachi

dine, to; tabokoli impa impa

dingy, lushi

dining room, aboha.aiimpa

dinner, tabokoli impa

dinner, to give a; tabokoli impa ima

dint; kafakbi, likefa

dint, to; kafakbichi, likiffi

dinted, likefa

diocese, apelichika

dip, to; oklobushli, oklobushlichi, oklubbi,
oklubbichi

dip from, to; atakli

dip in, to; atakli

dip into, to; atakli, chabbi

dip out, to; atakaffi, atakli, kaffi, takaffi,
takli

dip up, to; takaffi, takli

dip up water, to; ochi

dipped; kafa, taka

dipped out, takat taha

dipped up, takafa

dipper; isht kafa, isht taka, isht takafa,
isht takaffi, isht takli, lokush, takli

dipper (one who dips), atakaffi, takaffi,
takli

Dipper, The (stars so called); jichik
issuba

dire, okpulo

direct; apissali, apissanli

direct, to; afanali, anoli, apesa, apesachi,
apissallechi, miha, petichi

direction, oka imma

directly, apissanlit

director; anoli, apesa, apesachi

directress, ohoyo nan apesa

direful, okpulo

dirk; bashpo falaia, bashpo isht itibi

dirk, to; bali

dirt; liteha, lukfi

dirtied, liteha

dirty; boha, liteha, okpulo

dirty, to; litehachi, liteli

dirty eye; oklichanli, oktichoshli

dirty man; hatak litiha okpulo

dirty nose, ibaktlatinli

dirty-eyed, oklichanli

disadvantage, isht ataklama

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

disadvantageous, ahchiba

disaffect, to; isht ikimahnochechi, nukkil-
lichecht

disagree, to; achowa, imanukfila inla
mirka

disagreeable, alhpesa

disallow, to; apesa

disannul, to; akshuchi, kobaffi

disappear, to; hashi kania, kania, luma

disappeared at, akania

disappoint, to; yimmichi

disaster, ishkanapa

disastrous, achukma

disbelieve, to; yimmi

disburden, to; akkachi

disburse, to; atobbi

disbursement, alhtoba, tali holisso alh-
toba

discard, to; kanchi

discern, to; akostininchi, ikhana, pisa

discernible, haiaka

discernment, imanukfila

discharge; bamppoa, tukati

discharge, to; asetili, hoeta, issachi,
kuchi, tukafa, tukali, tukatichi, tukaffi

discharge, to cause to; okchushbachi

discharge wind, to; huksoh

discharged; hu”ssa, tokali, tukafa, tukati

discharged from a blowgun, bamppoa

disciple; atithana, aiithana, anumpeshi,
iakaiya, tkhana, nan avithana, nan
ikhana, nan ithana, nana avithana, nana
ithana

discipline, to; fammi, ikhananchi, tkha-
nanchit petichi, kostinincht

disciplined, kostini

disclaim, to; ammi keyu achi

disclose, to; anoli, haiakachi, twwichi

discommode, to; ataklammi

discompose, to; aiyokomichi

discomposed, aiyokoma

discontented, komota

discontinue, to; ahokoffi, issa, issachi

discourage, to; akanlusechi

discouraged, imanuk/fila aka"lusi

discourse; anumpa, aba isht anumpa

discourse, to; anumpuli

discover, to; ahauchi, haiakachi, pisa

discovered, haiaka

discreet, hopoksia

discretion, hopoksa

discuss, to; anumpuli

disdain, to; isht ikimahno, shittilema

disdainful, shittilema

BYINGTON ]

disease; abeka, illilli, allilli okpulo, nan
inkanime

disease, a certain; wakchali

disease, to; abekachi

disease of grain, yalhki

diseased, abeka

diseased, that were; abecka yatuk

disembark, to; peni kucha

disembodied, haknip iksho

disembogue, to; asetili

disembowel, to; takoba kuchi

disengage, to; litoffi, shufa

disengaged, fitofa

disentangle, to; lito/fi

disentangled, litofa

disfigure, to; ilapissachi, okpani, pisa
okpant

disfigured, tlapissa

disgrace, kalakshi

disgrace, to; hofayati, kalakshicht

disgraced; ahoba, kalakshi

disguise, to; haksichi

disguised; haksi, luma

disgust, yuala

disgust, to; nukoachi

disgusting; yuala, yualachi

dish; aiimpa, ampmalaha, ampmalha,
atakafa

dish, large; ampo chito

dishearten, to; chu”kash illichi

disheartened, chutkash illi

dishonest, ali

dishonor, hofahya

dishonor, to; haksichi, kalakshichi

disinterested, ahalaia

disjoint, to; taloffi, tabli

disjointed; tatofa, tapa

dislike, aka

dislike, to; ahnichi, isht ikimahno, isht
ikinyukpo

disliked, ahnichi

dislocate, to; kotalichi, kotaffi, tatoffi,
tatoti

dislocated; kota/fa, kotati, tatofa, tatoha

dislocation; kotafa, talofa

dislodge, to; kuchichi

dislodged, kucha

dismal; oklili, okpulo

dismay, to; nukshobli

dismayed, nukshopa

dismember, to; nibli

dismembered, nipa

dismiss, to; issachi

dismount, to; akkoa

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

431

disobedient, antia

disobey, to; antia

disoblige, to; yukpalechi

disorder; abeka, aiyokoma

disorder, to; aiyokomi

disordered; abeka, aiyokoma

disown, to; ammi keyu achi, anolt

disparage, to; ahoba

disparity, itilawi

dispassionate, nuktanla

dispatch, to; abi, pila

dispel, to; fimibli

dispelled, fimimpa

dispense, to; hopela, kashkoli

dispensed; holhpela, kashkoa

disperse, to; fimibli, jfimimpa, jfimmi,
kashkoli, tiapa, tishelr

dispersed; jfimimpa, tiapa, tiapakachi

dispersion; /imimpa, tiapa

dispirited person, chunkash iknakno

displace, to; kanallichi

display, to; yopisachi

displease, to; nukoachi

displeased; chowa, okpulo

dispose, to; achukmalit ashachi, ahni,
apoksiachi, boti

dispose of, to; apesa, ima, kanchi

disposed, ahni

disposition; ahni, aiimalhpesa, chu®kash

dispossess, to; ishi

disputant, achowa

dispute; achowa, itachoa, itachoa

dispute, to; achowa, anumpa itinlauachi,
chowa

disrelish, to; kashaha

disrespectful, ichapa

disrupt, to; habofachi

disruption, mitafa

dissatisfaction, okokko

dissatisfied; alhpesa, okpoto

dissatisfy, to; alhpesa

dissect, to; nibli, tushtuli

dissected; nipa, tushtua

dissemble, to; ilahobbi

disseminate, to; /fimmi

disseminated, /ima

disseminator, /immi

dissent, to; haklo, imanukfila achafa

dissertation; holisso, isht anumpa

dissever, to; tabli

dissevered, tapa

dissimilar; holba, inla

dissipate, to; fima, fimibli, jfimimpa,
fimmi, ilaryak

432

dissipated; fima, fimimpa

dissolution; illi, kobafa

dissolvable, bila hinla

dissolve, to; alhkomo, bila, bileli, ko-
baffi, okomo, okomuchi

dissolved; alhkomo, bila

distance; hopaki, tanamp chito i»naki pit
akanchi alhpesa

distance, at a small; olitoma, olitomast

distant, hopaki

distemper; abeka, ililli

distemper, deadly; ililli okpulo

distemper, to; abekachi

distempered, abeka

distend, to; chitoli

distended, chito

distill, to; holuya, honi

distill spirits, to; oka homi ikbi

distilled; holuya, honni

distilled liquors, oka homi

distiller, oka homi ikbi

distillery; oka homahonni, oka homatoba

distinctive, tinkba

distract, to; aiyokomichi, tasembochi

distracted; aiyokomi, tasembo

distress; aleka, ilbasha, isikkopa,
munta, nukhamma

distress, to; ilbashachi, ilbashali, isik-
kopali, komuntachi, nukhammichi

distressed; aleka, ilbasha, imateka, ima-
nukfila komunta, komota

distresser, i/bashachi

distribute, to; hopela

distributed, holhpela

distributer, hopela

distribution, holhpela

district; aiulhti, apetichika, ulhti, yakni

distrust, to; yimmi

disturb, to; anumpulechi, ataklammi

disturbance, ataklama

disturbed; anuktiboha, ataklama

disunite, to; filammichi

disunited, filama

disuse, aksho

disuse, to; aksho

disused, aksho

ditch; yakni hofobi, yakni kolukbi, yakni
kula

ditch, to; yakni kolukbichi

ditto, mih

ditty; alhtalwak, taloa

diurnal, nitak atukma

dive, to; oklobushli, oklubbi

diver; oklobushli, oklubbi

ko-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

divers; ilaiyuka, ilaiyukali

diversified, ilaiyuka

diversify, to; ilaiyukalichechi

diversion, tlaualli

diversity, tlaiyuka

diversity, to cause a; tlaiyukachi

divert, to; shanaiachi, shanachi, yukpali

diverted; shanaia, yukpa

diverter; shanaiyachi, yukpali

divest, to; ishi, shoeli, shueli, wehpuli,
welt

divested, wehpoa

divide, to; bakapa, bakastoa, hopela, ka-
shapa, kashabli, kashkoa, katapa, kata-
poa, katabli, kashkoa, kashkoachi, kash-
koli, kinaffi, koyofa, patalichi, patata,
patalli, pati, tiabli, tushatichi

divide in the middle, to; iklannachi

divided; bakapa, holhpela, kashapa, kash-
koa, katapa, katapoa, kashkoa, koyofa,
patata, pata, tushtua

divided in the middle, zklanna

divided into two, bakastoa

divider; bakabli, filamotechi, hopela, pati

divine, aba

divine, a; aba anumpa isht atta

divine, to; apuskiachi, tikbanlit anoli

Divine Providence, Aba pitki

diviner, tikbanli anol

Divinity, Chihowa abanumpa

division; holhpela, ilaiyukali, kashapa,
kashkoa, katapa, kashkoa, patata

divulge, to; anoli, haiakachi

divulged, haiaka

dizziness, chukfoloha

dizziness, to cause; hananukichi, yush-
timmicht

dizzy; chukfoloha, chukfulli, hanannunki,
yushtimeli, yushtimmi

dizzy, to make; chukfulli, yushtimelicht

do, ishke

do, to; akaniohmi, atati, atokolit halalli,
ayamihchi, ho, isht anta, kaniohmi, ka-
niohmichi, katiohmi, yamihchi, yamohmi,
yohmt

do, to cause to; akaniohmichi, ikbichi

do at random, to; yammak fokalechi

do good things, to; yohmi

do not let, na

do something, to; ayakohmichi

do there, yamohmi

do thus, to; yakmichi

do with, to; kanichi, katihchi

do wrong, to; ashachi

BYINGTON ]

dock, a; hasimbish tapa

dock, to; hokoffi, tabli

doctor; alikchi, allikchi, hatak nan ikhana,
ikhananchi

doctor, to; alikchi

doctrine; abachi, aiabachi, anuwmpa, nan
isht atvithananchi

dodge, to; chiksanakli, kanakli, tolupli,
yitishacht

doe, isi tek

doer; isht atta, yamichi

does not, keyushke

doff, to; shueli

dog; ipaf, ofi, oft puta

dog, English; na holipafi, na hollofi

dog, house; ofi chuk atta

dog, mad; ofi holilabi, ofi tasembo

dog, male; ofi nakni

dog, to; iakaiya, silhhi

dog like, ofi holba

dog tooth; isht itibbi, noti isht itibi

doggish, ofi holba

dogwood, hakchupilhko

dogwood berries, hakchupilhko ani

dogwood tree, hakchupilhko api

doleful, nukhaklo

dollar, tali holisso

dolor, nukharklo

dolorous, nukhatklo

domain; apelichika, ulhti

dome; aboha, chuka

domestic, chuka achafa ahalaia

domestic, a; ilhtohno, toksali

domestic animals; alhpoa, nan apoba,
nan alhpoa

domesticate, to; apoa

domesticated, alhpoa

domicile; aboha, aiatta, chuka

dominant, i”shali

dominate, to; ishatechichi, petichi,

dominator; mi”ko, peticheka

domineer, to; pelichi

dominion; apetichika, minko apetichi,
ulhti

donation; halbina, ilhpita, ima, na hal-
bina

done; ataha, alhtaha, tabocha, nuna, taha,
yamohmi

done so, yakohini

donkey, isuba haksobish falaia,
nashoba

donor; ihpitachi, ima

don’t; k, wehkah

doom; anumpa alhpisa, imaleka

84339°— Bull, 46—15——28

isuba

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

433

doom, to; anwmpa kallo onuchi, apesa

doomsday, nitak nana alhpisa:chito

door; aboha isht okhilishta, isht okshilita,
okhisa, okhisa isht alhkama

door bar, okhisa imokhoata

door hinge, okhisa isht takali

door latch; okhisa aiafacha, okhisa isht
afacha

doorkeeper, okhisa apistikeli

doorscraper, akasholichi

dooryard; chuka ituksita, kasbi

dormant; Juma, nusi

dormitory; aboha anusi, anusi

dose, ishko achafa

dose, to; ishko achafa ikbit itakashkuli,
ishkochecht

dot; lusa talaia, lusachikchiki

dot, to; lusachit talali

dotage; imanukjfila iksho, puskusechi

dotard, imanukjila iksho

dote upon, to; hiahni

dotted, lusachikchiki

double; apokta, albita,
tuklo

double, a; apokta, polukta

double, to; apakfopa, apoktachi, albiteli,
albitelichi, bonunta, mih, pokta, po-
lukta, poluktachi, tuklochi

double, to cause to; poluktachi

double and twist, to; albitet shanni

double over, to; puli

double up, to; abunni, bonulli, bunni,
potomi, potomoli, pulhkachi, puta

double-dealer; chunkash tuklo, haksichi

double-edged; halupa tuklo, italarkla
halupa

double-faced; haksi, nashuka tuklo

double-hearted, chu”kash tuklo

double-minded, imanukfila tuklo

double-tongued, iswnlash chutata, isun-
lash tuklo

doubled; apokta, hulbona, pokta, polukta

doubled over, afalapa

inluhmi, mah,

doubled up; borkachi, bonunta, buna,
bunni, poloma, polomoa, pulhkachi,
puta

doubles, one who; puli

doubletree, iti ititakalli

doubt; atoma, ta, tahchukah

doubt, to; anuktuklo, aiyokoma, nukwia
doubtful; anukwia, chishba

doubting, anuktuklochi

doubtless, mati

dough; ta%sh yammaska, yammaska

434

doughnut, pask alwasha

doughty; aiyimita, chilita

douse, to; bohpuli, lobukachi, oka tobu-
kacht

dove; pachalhpowa, pachi yoshoba

down; akka, hapukbo, kahat ma”ya, sok-
bish

down (fine feathers), abukbo

down hill; okshilama

down hill, to go; okshilammi

down this way, akket

downcast, ilapissa

downcast eye, to sit with a; bilepa

downfall, kina/fat itula

downright, apissanlit

downstream, sokbish pila

downward; akkapila, imma

doze, to; nusi, nusilhha

dozen, auah tuklo

drab, laknoba

drachm, iskali

draft, ishko

draft, large; ishko chito

draft, one; ishko achafa

draft, to; holissochi, ishi, lanfi

draft horse; isuba halalli, isuba toksali

drag, to; halalli, shalalli, shalallichi,
shali

dragged, shalalli

draggle, to; akkashalallichit liteli

dragoon; isuba omanili tashka, isuba on-
tala tashka

drain; yakni kolukhi, yakni kula ayanalli

drain, to; holuya, holuyachi

drake, okfochush nakni

dram; ishko achafa, nanabli achafa, nalli,
oka homi nanabli achafa

draper; nan tanna kanchi, ponokallokan-
chi

draper, a linen; ponokallokanchi

drapery, nan tanna

draught, nanabli achafa

draw, halalli

draw, small; itombushi

draw, to; anoli, halati, halat isht anya,
halalli, ishi, kuchi, nukpallichi, shebli

draw (on paper, etc.), to; holissochi

draw, to make; halatichi, halallichi, she-
blicht

draw a line, to; lari

draw a liquid, to; bicheli

draw into, to; oka foyuha

draw into the mouth, to; pishi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

draw liquor, to; bicheli

draw lots, to; na shoeli

draw near, to; bilitkachi, bilinchi, isht
ala

draw nigh, to; bilinchi

draw off liquid, to; bichet tati

draw on, to; holo

draw out, to; achibali, chisbichi, kuchi-
chi, mampli, shaffi, shepa, shepkachi,
shepoa, shepoti, shinfa, shinfi, shoeli,
shun fi

draw out in length, to; shebli

draw the breast as in nursing, to;
pishi

draw through a noose, to; anuktlinfi,
anuktiffichi, anuktileliche

draw tight, to; katanlichi

draw up, to; bokusa, shinoffi

draw water, to; ochi, okochi

drawer (one who draws); bicheli, hal-
alli

drawer (ina table, etc.); itombi, itombi
ottipa, itombushi

drawer of water; ochi, okochi, ulhchi

drawers, obala foka

drawing, halali

drawing knife; isht sha”fa, iti isht sharfa

drawl, to; salahat anumpuli

drawn, falaia

drawn (as water), ollochi

drawn (from a cask), bicha

drawn off, bichataha

drawn on, hollo

drawn out; linfa, shepa, shepkachi, shirfa

drawn through; anuklinfa, anuktiha

drawn tight, katanli

drawn up, bokusa

drawshave; isht sharfa, iti isht shanfa,
shafa

dray, iti chanalli

dread; komunta, nukshopa

dread, to; akomuta, anukwia, komunta

dream; aholhpokunna, holhpokunna

dream, to; aholhpokunna, holhpokunna

dream, to cause to; holhpokunnachi

dream, to make one; auahsholichi, aua-
sholechi

dreamer; hatak holhkunna, holhpokunna,
nuseka

dregs, lakchi

drench, ishko achafa

drench, to; ikfiachi, ishkochechi, lachali,
nanablichi, nallicht

drenched, lacha

BYINGTON]

drencher, nanablichi

dress; alhkuna, fohka, ilefoka, ilefoka isht
shema, isht ilakshema, isht shema

dress, to; aiskiachi, apissallechi, atahpali,
atahpalicht, fohka, fohkachechi, fohkachi,
tlakshema, ilefoka foka, ilefoka fokachi,
na foka foka, na foka fokachechi, shemachi,
tahpali, tahpalichi

dress a deerskin, to; talhkochi

dress in fine clothes, to; shema

dress skins, to; talhkochi

dress up, to; i/akhata, shema

dressed; apissa, fohka, ilefoka foka, tabo-
cha, na foka foka, shema

dressed deerskin, talhko

dresser; fokachi, shema, shemachi

dressy, isht ilakshema shali

dribble, to; holuya

dried; chakowa, chilakbi, holufka, shila

dried away, ashepachi

dried up at, ashippa

drier, shileli

drift; ahchihpo, akchihpo, hashtap mati
shalt

drift, to; okpalali

driftwood; akchihpo, hakchihpo

drill; isht tumpay, tali isht fotoha

drill, to; ikhananchi, itauallichi

drill (to bore), to; isht fotolit twmbli

drink; ishko, nan ishko

drink, a certain; ta”fula, ta®fula hau-
ashko

drink, to; ishko, tali

drink, to give; ishkochechi

drink, to try to; ishkot pisa

drink a little, to; lwmat ishko

drink and finish, to; tali

drink ardent spirits, to; okishko

drink at, to; aiishko

drink deeply, to; ishko fena

drink from or out of, to; aiishko

drink largely, to; chitot ishko

drink up or off, to; ishkot tali

drink with, to; ibaiishko

drinker; hatak okishko, ishko, nan ishko

drinker, great; ishko shali

drinker, hard; hatak okishko shati, ishko
jena

drinking, ishko

drinking place, aiishko

drinking vessel, aiishko

drip, to; bichilli, chuloli, hoiya, holuya,
pichilli

dripping, holuya

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

435

drive, to; anya, nukoa, tileli

drive forward, to; amohsholechi

drive off, to; chafichi

drive out, to; tileli

drive over, to; tanapolechi, tanablichi

drive through, to; yulullichi

drivel, to; itaklalashli

driven out, tilaya

driver; chafichi, isht anya, nan chufichi,
nan titelr

driving, titeli

drizzle, fine; butwmmi

drizzle, to; okshimmichi, oktoboha, okto-
boli, oktobolichi, okwotummih

drizzling, okshimmi

drones, foe bilishke inpokni

drool, to; itukholaya, ituklipaya, itukti-
kali, luwali

droop, to; bilakti

drop; hoiya, latapa

drop, to; chilofa

drop as tears, to; wilanli

drop fast, to; lotohachi

drop off, to; fakoha, fakopa, liweli

dropped off, fakoha

dropping, liweli

dross, tali iyalhki

dross of lead, naki yalhki

dross of metals; talinyalhki, yalhki

drought; chahto, itukshila

drought, to cause a; chahtochi

droughty; chahto, itukshila

drove, lukoli

drover, nan titeli

drown, to; oka aiabi, oka aiilli, oka illi,
oka kania, okokaiilli, okokabi

drowned; nuksakki, okokaiilli

drowse, to; nusi, nusilhha, nusilhhachi

drowsiness, nusilhha

drowsy, nusilhha

drub, to; kabaha

drubbed, boa

drudge, toksali fehna

drudge, to; toksali fehna

drug, ikhinsh

drug, to; ikhitsh ipeta

druggist, ikhinsh kanchi

drum; alepa, atepa chito

drum, to; alepa boli, atepa chito boli,
atepa olachi, koboha, kobohachi

drummer; alepa boli, alepa chito boli

drumstick, alepa chito isht boli

drunk; chukfoloha, chukfulli, haksi, oka
haksi

436

drunk, partly; haksi chohmi

drunk, to get; haksi

drunk, to make or get; haksichi

drunkard, okishko

drunkard, a great; hatak okishko shati,
okishko shati

drunkard, an habitual; okishko shati

drunken; haksi, hatak okishko atapa, oka
haksi

drunken frolic, okishko ma”ya

drunken man, hatak haksi

drunkenness; haksi, oka haksi, okishko

dry; chahto, chanla, chilakbi, itukshila,
nukshila, shila, shulla, shumba

dry, partly; yaualli

dry, to; abani, ashepachechi, chilakbichi,
hufka, shila, shilachi, shilachi, shileli,
shippa, shullachi, ufka

dry, to go; shippa

dry and stiff, chilakbi

dry place; ashinla, shila, ashippa

dry away, to; ashepachi

dry up, to; shileli

dry rot, shulla

dry timber, iti shila

dry wood, iti shila

dryad, korwi anunkasha

dryness; chahto, shila, shulla

dual, onachi

dubious; aia’ti ikithano, kaniohmi

duck; ha”khobak, nan tanna sukko,
fochush

duck, female; ok/fochush tek

duck, large green-headed; i”lachi

duck, to; oklobushli, oklobushlichi,
lubbi, oklubbicht

duck, wood; hinluk

duck, young; ok/ochushushi

ducked; oklobushli, oklubbi

duck-legged, akkatalla

dudgeon, nukoa

due; aheka, aheka takanli, apissali, alh-
pega

due, a; aheka, aheka takanli

duel, itibbi

duelist, itibi

duffel, nan tanna shukbo

dug; kula, kulha

dug, the; ipishik

dug around, kula

dug boat, pent kula

dug earth, yakni kula

dug pit, yakni kula

duke, miko

ok-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

dukedom, apetichika

dulcet; champuli, kashaha

dull; halupa, ibbak tokonli, ilapissa, in-
takobi, lusa, nukhatklo, nusilhha, ta-
salli, tikabi, tilikpi, tohpakali, weki

dull, to; paioffi, tikabichi

dumb, anumpuli

dumb person; anumpuli, hatak anum-
pul

dump, nukharklo

dumpling, paska banaha, walakshi

dumpling, Choctaw; walakshi

dun, lusakbi

dun, to; aheka

dunce; hatak imanuk/fila iksho, hatak nu-
silhha shalt

dung; chopilhkash, yalhki

dungeon, aboha kallo

dunghill, chopilhkash

dupe, to; haksichi, yimmichi

duped, haksi

dure, to; imoma

during; avitintakla, tarkla

dusk; oklusbi, okpolusbi

dust; botulli, hituk bofota, hituk chubi,
hituk tohbi, lukfi, topish, yakni

dust, flying; hitwk tohbi, hituk shibota

dust, to; kasholichi

dust of wood, 27 botulli

dutiful, imantia

duty; aialhtoka, imantia

duty, a; aheka

dwarf, a; hatak i~moma, imoma

dwell, to; aiasha, aiatta, anta, atta, hi-
chukbi forka

dwell at, to; achuka

dwell with, to; ibaianta, ibaiansha

dwelling; aboha, chuka

dwelling, royal; miko inchuka

dwelling place of Jehovah, Chihowa
aiasha

dwindle, to; kania

dyed green, okchamali

dyer, na hummachi

dysentery, issish ikfia

each; aiyuka, aiyukali, ayuka, aliha, bat,
binka, ilaiyuka, mitka

each one; achafa yuka, ayukali

each other; it, iti

each other, from or to; iti”, itim, itin

eager; achillita, aiyimita

eagerness; achillita, aiyimita

eagle oNssi

BYINGTON ]

eagle (a gold coin), tali holisso lakna tali
holisso pokoli aulli

eagle, gray; talako

eagle, small; hanan

eagle, young; o”ssushi

eagle-eyed; imanukfila tu%shpa, nishkin
halup

eaglet, o%ssushi

ear; haksobish, tanch ampi

ear (of corn), ampi

ear, cut or cropped; haksobish basha,
haksobish hokofa, haksobish hokoti, hak-
sobish tapa, haksobish taptua

ear, forked; haksobish itakchulali, hakso-
bish itakchularshli

ear, foxed; haksobish ibakchufanli, hak-
sobish ibakchufarshli

ear, roasting; la”sh hilonha

ear, slit; haksobish chutafa, haksobish
chuta, haksobish chutala

ear, to; okshonli

ear band, isuwba imbita

earache, haksobish hotupa

eared, okshonli

earless, haksobish iksho

earlock; haksun hishi,
hishi

earmark, haksobish basha .

earmark, to; haksobish bashli

earring; haksobish awiachi, haksobish ta-
kali, haksobish takolt

ears of a pot, iyasha ahalalli

earwax, haksobish titilli

earl, pelicheka

early, tikbali

early morning, akavk ola

earn, to; asitabi

earner, asitabi

earnest; yiminta, yopunla

earth, lukfi

earth, a ball of; yakni lumbo

earth, dug; yakni kula

earth, the; yakni, yakni lumbo, yakni
lunsa, yakni shila

earth, the round; yakni lwmbo

earth, the whole; yakni moma

earthen, lukfi atoba

earthen jug, yaklash

earthenware, ampo

earthly; akka, yakni isht ahalaia

earthquake, yakni winakachi

earthworm, lapchu

earthy; akka, yakni isht ahalaia

ease; foha, nan isht takalamiksho

haksun taparyi

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

437

ease, to; foha, fohachi, nuktalali, yoko-
pachi

easily; lwma, luwmasi, nan imahombiksho

east; hashi akochaka, hashi akuchaka,
hashi kuchaka

east, at, to, or in the; hashi akuchaka
pilla

easterly, hashi akuchaka imma

eastern people, hashi akuchaka okla

eastward; hashi akuchaka imma, hash
akuchapila

easy; lwmasi, miha, nuktaiyala

eat, to; ampa, apa, apa, epa, labbi, ho-
pohka, hopohkachi, ilimpa, impa, ishpa,
okpant

eat, to cause to; impachi

eat at, to; aiimpa

eat holes, to; tu”kachi

eat noisily, to; shakanlichi

eat on, to; avwmpa

eat there, to; aimpa

eat together, to; aiimpa

eat with, to; ibaiimpa

eatable; ilhpa, nan apa

eater; apa, impa, nan impa

eating, to be; ampa

eating house, aboha aiimpa

eave trough, iti oka aiyanalli

eaves; aboha isht holmoati, chuka isht
holmo ati, chuka isht holmo ibitahaka

ebb, to; oka bikeli, shippa, shippali

ebriety, oka haksi

ebullition, walalli

echo, hobachi

echo, to; hobachi

eclat, aiokpachi

eclipse; hashi kania, oktlili

eclipse the sun, to; hashi luhma

eclipsed, hashi luma

economical, ilatomba

economist, i/atomba

economize, to; ilatomba

economy, ilatomba

ecstasy, churkash yukpa atapa

eddy, oka foyulli

edge; ahalupa, aiati, alaka, alakali, ati,
halupa, lapalika, takchaka

edge, feather; ahalupa anukpilefa

edge, to; fololi, haluppachi

edge of a dooryard, akachuti

edge of a fireplace, ituksita

edge of a hill; nanih aiali, ontalaka

edge of the water, oka sita

edge tool, halupa

438

edged, /folota

edged, feather; ahalupa anukpilefa

edges of a field, ete.; alakchakali

edges, to have sharp; tashiha

edging, /olota

edging of lace, 7”folota

edict, anumpa alhpisa

edification, ikhana

edifice, chuka

edify, to; ikhananchr

editor, holisso ikbi

educate, to; attat hofantichi, ikhananchi,
nan ikhananchi

educated; attat hofanti, holisso ikhana,
nan tkhana

education, nan ikhana

eel; iasinti, yasinte

e’er, bilia

efface, to; kashoffi

effaced, kashofa

effect, to; fehna, kanthmi

effect, to make of none; okpanichi

effect, to take; yamohmi

effect much, to; fehnachi

effected, alhpesa

effectual; ati, nan thmi

effectual, to render; nan thmichi

effeminate, ohoyo holba

effervesce, to; watalli

effigy, hatak hobachi

effort, to make a sudden and strong;
yichinnikahchth

effulgent, shohmalali

effusion; fohopa, latapa

egg, ushi

egg, a crow’s; falushi

egg, a duck’s; okfochushushi

egg, a hen’s; akank ushi, akank ushi lo-
bunchi

egg, a nest; akavk ushi achafa bont

egg, a rotten; akavk ushi lobunchi shua

egg, aswan’s; okak ushi

egg, an eagle’s; o%ssushi

eggshell, akark ushi hakshup

egotism, isht ileanumpuli shati

egotist, isht ileanumpuli shati

egregious, chito

Egyptian darkness, kamak at kania

eh!, cho

eight, untuchina

eight times; untuchinaha

eighteen, auah huntuchina

eighth, isht untuchina

eighth time, isht untuchinaha

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

eightieth; isht pokoli, pokoli

eighty, pokoli

eightfold, inluhmi

either; kanima, kanimampo kia, talalanka

eject, to; kanchi, kuchi

ejected, kucha

eke, to; ibani

elastic; falamoa, polomoa

elate, to; yukpali

elated, yukpa

elbow; ibbak inshunkani, shakba imshun-
kant, shurkant

elder; akni, bashankchi

elder, an; asanochika, asanonchi, asunon-
chi, asunonchika, hatak asahnonchi, hatak
hochitoka itanaha, hatak sipokni, hatak
tinkba, iksa asonunchi alhtoka, pishankchi

elder (in a church), an; asanochi

elderly man, hatak asahnonchi

eldest; akni, sipokni kat ishati

elect, alhtoka

elect, an; nan alhtoka

elect, to; atokoli

elected, alhtoka

elector, atokoli

electricity, hashuk malli

elegant, achukma

elephant; elefant, hatak lusa iyannash,
yulhkun chito

elevate, to; chahachi, chitoli, ilefehna-
chechi

elevated; chaha, chashaiyi, chishinto, ile-
Sehnacht

eleven; auah achafa, pokoli

eleventh, isht auahchafa

eligible, alhpesa

elixir, ikhitsh balam

elk, isi chito

elm, red; tohto

elocution, anumpa

elongate, to; falaiachi

elongated, falaia

elope, to; kania

eloquent, anumpu imponna

else, inla

elsewhere, kanima inla kia

elucidate, to; haiakachi

elucidated, haiaka

elude, to; lakoffi

emaciate, to; chunna, liposhi

emaciated; chunna, tiposhi

emanate, to; kucha

emancipate, to; yuka issachi

emancipated; yuka issa, yuka kucha

BYINGTON ]

emancipation, yuka issachi

emancipator, yuka issachi

emasculate, to; bashli

embar, to; okshita

embark, to; peni chito fohki, peni chito
foka, peni fohki, peni foka

embarked; peni chito foka, peni foka

embarrass, to; anuktuklichi, anuktuklo-
chechi, anuktuklochi; anumpulechi, apis-
tikeli

embarrassed, anuktuklo

embassage, 7ishali imanumpa

embassy, i”shali imanumpa

embellish, to; aiwklichechi

embellish another, to; shemachechi

embellished; aiukli, shema

embellishment; aiukleka, isht aiukli

embers, hituk yanha

embitter, to; homechi, palammichi, tak-
bachi

embitter the heart, to; chu”kash ho-
minchi

embittered; homi, palammi

emblem, isht alhpisa

embodied, itanaha

embody, to; haknip ikbi, itanaha, itan-
nali

embolden, to; aiyimitachi, yimintachi

embosom, to; shakba fohki

embosomed, shakba foka

embottle, to; kotoba abeli

embottled, kotoba abeha

embowel, to; iffuka kucht, iskuna kuchi

emboweled; iffuka kucha, iskuna kucha,
takoba kucha

embower, to; hoshontika ashachi

embrace, to; anukfohki, ikhana,
nukfoka

embrace of the arms, shakba potoma

embrocate, to; ahammi

embroider, to; inchunli

embrown, to; lusbichi, oklilechi

emerge, to; kucha

emetic; hoetachi, ishkot hoeta

emetic, vegetable; haiyu"kpulo ishkot
hoita

emigrant, wiha

emigrate, to; wihat arya

eminence, holitompa

eminence, an; chaha i"shati nanih, na-
nih, tabokaka

eminent; chaha, ikhana achukma

emit, to; kucha, kucha pila

emit sparks, to; potota

ishi,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

439

.emmet, shunkani

empale, to; holihtachi

emperor, miko

emphatic, yd

empire; apetichika, mitko apelechika aful-
lota, mitko apetichi, yakni

empiric, an; alikchi ilahobi

employ, nana isht atta

employ, to; atohno, atta, tohno, toksa-
lechi, tonho

employed; ashwanchi, alhtohno, ilhtohno,
marya

employed about, to be; isht anta

employer; atohnuchi, tohno

employment; ashwanchi, atoksali, isht
anta, isht atta, nana isht anta, nana isht
atta, nan toksali

empoison, to; isht alli fohki, isht ali
ipeta, isht li yammichi

emporium, atitatoba

empower, to; atonhuchi, atokoli

empress; miko imohoyo, ohoyo minko

emptied, toshoa

emptiness, nana alhto keyu

empty; chukillissa, nana alhto keyu

empty, to; asetili, asetoli, tosholi

empty house, chukillissa

empurple, to; homaiyichi

emulate, to; i”shali banna

emulator, i”shali banna

emulous, i”shali banna

enable, to; atati

enact, to; apesa

enact a law, to; anwmpa alhpisa ikbi

enact over, to; onochi

enacted, alhpesa

enactor, apesa

encamp, to; albinachi, binachi, binili

encampment; abinachi, aialbina, albina,
bina

enchain, to; takchi, yukachi

enchained; talakchi, yuka

enchant, to; afetibli, afetipoli, affetabli,

affetipolt
enchanted; afetipa, afetipoa, affetipa,
affetipoa
enchanter; afetibli, afetipoli, afetipoa,

fappo onuchi, hatak hulloka
enchantment; afetipa, fappo, yushpa-
kamma
encircle, to; afobli, afolubli, afoluplichi,
apakfobli, apakfokachi, apakfopa
encircled; afolupa, apakfokachi, apakfopa
enclosure for cultivation, osapa

440)

encomium, isht anumpuli

encounter, to; a/ama

encourage, to; yimintachi

encourage by shouts, to; apanlichi

encumber, to; wekichi

end; ahokofa, aiati, asetilli, ataha, ati,
hokofa, ibiati, ibish, illi, ont, taha, wi-
shakchi

end, at the; alipilla

end, being the; avi

end, the lower; akashtala, akishtala, api
isht ala

end, the tip; wishakchi

end, to; ahokofa, ahokoffichi, aiissachechi,
alhtaha, ati, atichi, hokofa, hokoffi, ho-
koti, illichi, issa, taha, tati

end, to have an; ataha

end, to make an; isht aiopichi, tali

end, toward the; atipila

end, what can have an; ataha hinla

end at, to; aiali

end of, at the; taha

end of a boat, pent ibish

end of a house log, oktafashli

endeavor, to; pisa

ended; ahokofa, atissachi, hokofa, hokoti

endless; ahokofa, ataha iksho, atahahe
iksho

endure, to; achunanchi, topulli

enemy, tanap

enemy, to become an; tanap loba

enemy, to come over to the; tanap

energetic, kaillo

energy, kallo

enervate; kallo, tikabi

enervate, to; kallochi, kotachi, tikabichi

enervated; kallo, kota, tikabi

enfeebled, botosha

enforced; kallo, kallochi, onochi, onutula

enforcer, kallochi

enfranchise, to; kuchichi, yuka issachi

enfranchised, yuka issa

engage, to; apesa, atohno, atonho, atoh-
nuchi, itibi, atonhuchi, onochi, pota,
tohno, tonho

engage in, to; ponaklo

engaged; achillita, alhtohno, ilhtohno,
nukpalli

engaged, yiminta

engaged about, ashwanchi

engaged in some employment, ash-
wanchtr

engagement, ifibbi

engaging, ishi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

{puut. 46

- engender, to; ikbi

engirdle, to; yikoli

English; [7klisha, Minkilish

English, the; [”kilish okla

English language, the; [”kilish ima-
numpa, Minkilish imanumpa, na hollo
imanum pa

English Nation, the; [”kilish okla

Englishman, Mirkilish hatak

Englishmen, [”kilish okla

englut, to; kaiya, nanabli

engorge, to; nanabli

engrasp, to; kallot ishi, yichifficht

engrave, to; bashlit holissochi

engraved; bashat holisso, holisso

engraver, bashlit holissochi

engraving, bashat holisso

engross, +t0; hochitolit holissochi,
mincht

engrossed, hochitot holisso

enhance, to; chahachi, chitolichi, ishate-
chichi

enjoin, to; miha, onochi

enjoined, onutula

enjoy, to; pisa

enjoy again, to; atuklant isht ilaiyukpa

enjoyment, avisht ilaiyukpa

enkindle, to; lwachi, nuklibeshachi, nuk-
libishacht

enkindled; lua, nuklibisha, ulhti

enlarge, to; aiakachi, chitochi, chitoli,
chitolichi, chitot ia, hochetoli, rshaht ia

enlarged, chito

enlarger; hochetochi, hochetoli

enlargement, chito

enlighten, to; anukfohkichi, ikhananchi,
tohwiketicht

enlightened; anukfohka, ikhana, tohwi-
keli

enlightener; anukfokichi, ikhananchi

enlist, to; holisso lapalichi, hotina, iba-
fokat hochifot takalichi, tohnot

enliven, to; okchalechi, yimintachi

enlivened; okcha, yimmita

enmity, nukkilli

ennoble, to; chahachi, holitoblichi

ennobled, holitopa

enormity, okpulo

enormous, chito

enough, alhpesa

enrage, to; anukbatachi, anukhobelacht,
nukhobelachi, nukoacht

enraged; anukhobela, nukhobela, nukoa

enrapture, to; yukpali

mo-

BYINGTON ]

enraptured, yukpa atapa

enravish, to; yukpali

enravished, yukpa atapa

enrich, to; holitoblichi, nan inlauachi

enrich land, to; yakni niachi

enriched, holitopa

enripen, to; nunachi

enroll, to; hochifo holisso takalichi

enrolled, hochifo holisso takali

ensign; isht alhpisa, shapha, shaphashali

enslave, to; yukachi

enslaved, yuka

enslaved people, yuka okla

enslaver, yukachi

ensnare, to; afetibli, afetipoli, affetabli,
affetipoli, hokli

ensnared, a/ffetipoa

ensnarer, afetibli

entangle, to; shachehachi, shachopachi,
shocholi

entangled; shacheha, shachila, shachopa,
shochoha ;

entangled, to become; shochoha

enter, to; abeha, abehpa, chukoa, fohka,
holisso takalichi, ibachukoa, ibafoki, pit,
takalechi

enter a debt, to; aheka takalichi

enter a house, to; chuka chukoa

enter the name, to; hochifo takalichi

entered; a”sha, holisso, holisso takali,
takali

enterer, chukoa

enterprise, pisa

entertain, to; aboha anusechi, ahni,
anukfilli, impachi, ashi, yukpali

entertained, yukpa

entertainment; ilhpak, impa, nan isht
ilaiyukpa

enthrone, to; aiasha holitopa ombini-
lichi, mitkocht

enthroned; aiasha holitopa ombinili,
minko

enthusiasm, yiminta atapa

enthusiastic, yiminta atapa

entice, to; nukpallichechi, nukpallichi

enticed; anukpalli, nukpalli

enticement, isht nukpallichi

enticer, nukpallichechi

entire; bano, moma

entire, to make it; banochi

entirely; bano, kania, moma, taha

entirely, to do anything; amohmi

entitle, to; hochifo, immi ikbi

entitled; hochifo, immi toba

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

44]

entomb, to; ahollopi boli, hohpi, hollohpi

entombed; hollohpi, hollopi

entrails, iskuna

entrance; achukoa, atua, chukoa, okhisa,
shilombish kania

entrap, to; hokli

entreat, to; asilhha, asilhhachi

entreated, asilhha

entreater; asilhha, asilhhachi

entrench, to; kullit apakfobli

entrenched, kula, kulat apakfopa

entry; aboha ititakla, achukoa, okhisa,
takali

enumerate, to; hopena, hotina

enumerated; holhpena, holhtena

enumeration; holhpena, holhtina

enunciate, to; anoli, anumpuli

enunciated; anoa, anumpa

enunciation, anumpa

envelop, to; luhmi

envelope, afoachi

enveloped, Juma

envenom, to; chukash hominchi, isht ill
ipeta

envious; anukchaha, nukkilli, potanno

envious, to make; potunnuchi

environ, to; afolubli, apakfobli

environed, apakfopa

envoy, i”shali imanumpeshi

envy; anukchaha, potanno

envy, to; nukkilli, potanno

envy, to cause; anukchahachi

epaulet; tahchonchiya, talukchi onchiya,
talukchi tahchonchiya

epicure; hatak impashati, hatak isikopa

epilepsy, haiuchi

epistle, anumpa holisso nowat arya

epithet, a disgusting; okpiyanli

Epsom salts, ikhinsh hapi holba

equable, mih

equal; aiitilaui, alaui, alauechi, amiff,
ibacharfa, itilaui, laue

equal, not; isht ikalauo

equal, to; itilawichi, lawechi

equal, to make; itilawichi

equality; aiitilawi, itilawi

equality, an; itihoba

equator, yakni iklanna apakfoywpa

equilibrium, weki itilaut

equip, to; na halupa ilatati, na hadupa
imatatt

equipped, na halupa imathtaha

equitable, ali

equity, anli

449

equivalent, ililaui

equivocate, to; anumpa afolotowacht

equivocation, anumpa afolotowa

eradicate, to; lobaffi

eradicated; lobafa, lobali

erase, to; kashoffi, kashoffichi, kashoffichit
kanchi, kobaffi

erased, kashofa

erasure, akashofa

erect; apissanli, apissat hikia

erect, placed; haioli

erect, to; hielichi, haiotichi, ckbi

erected; hikia, hioli

erecter, haiotichi

err, to; ashachi, yoshoba

err, to cause to; ashachechi, yoshobli

err at, to; aiashachi

errand, anumpa

erring, ashachi

erroneous; ati, alhpesa

error; aiashachi, aiyoshoba, ashachi, yo-
shoba

erudite, nan ikhana

erudition, ikhana

eruption; bokafa, kucha, kula, mitafa

erysipelas, shuti boluktabi

escape; takoffi, na takofi

escape, to; kania, takoffi

escape at, to; alako/fi

escape disease, to; lakoffi

escape from, to; alako/i

escaped, fakoffi

escaping, lako” (fi

eschalot, hato”falaha

eschalot, large; hato”falaha chito

escort; ahinna, tishu

esculent, ilhpak

especially, atuk

especially that, ak

espouse, to; apoa, asilhha

espoused, alhpoa

espy, to; pisa

essay; holisso, pisa

essay, to; pisa

essential, nana yuhmahe alhpesa

establish, to; abenilichi, avlichi, apesa,
binilichi, hilechi, kallochi, ontalalr

establish at a place, to; abinotichi

established; a”ti, alhpesa, hikia, kallo

establishment; ahilechi, aiapesa, akallo

estate; ahikia, imilayak

esteem, to; ahnichi, hiahni, holitoblichi

esteemed; achukma, holitopa

esteemer, aiokpanchi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

estimable, holitopa

estimate; avilli, alhpisa

estimate, to; apesa, hotina

estimated; alhpesa, holhtena

estimation, holhtina

estimator, apesa

estuate, to; fopa

etc., chomi

eternal; ataha iksho, ammona, bilia

eternally, bilia

eternity, ammona

eternity, to; bilia

Eucharist, the; opiaka
Klaist at apesatok

eulogize, to; holitoblichit isht anumpuli

eulogized, holitopat isht anumpa

eulogy, holitoblit isht anwmpa

eunuch; hobak, tishu

evacuate, to; kuchichi, takoba kashoffi,
tosholi

evacuate the bowels, to; iffuka ka-
sho ffi, tkfiach

evacuated; iffuka kashofa, kucha, takoba
kashofa, toshoa

evade, to; anumpa apakfokachi, takoffi

evangelist; aba anumpa isht atta, aba
anumpa tosholi, Chisas Kilaist isht
anumpuli, holisso holitopa holissochi

evangelize, to; aba anumpa ithananchi,
aba anumpa nukfokichi

evaporate, to; shila, shippa

evaporated; shila, shippa

evasion, anumpa apakfopa

even; ak, kia, yemmak inli

even (evening), opia

even (level), itilawi

even, to; itilawichi

even as, ak

even one, achafona

even so, alhpesashke

even that one, ash

even the, ak

even two, tuklokia

evened, itilaui

evener, iti ititakalli

evening; oktilahpi, oktilampi, opia, opi-
aka, shohbi, shohbikanli

evening, to become; shohbikanli

evening, to make it; opiachi

evening hymn or song, oktili taloa

evenly, itilawit

evenness, itilaui

event; nana, nana kanihmi, yamohmi

eventide, opia

impa Chisas

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY OF

eventuate, to; alhpesa, ali

ever; bilia, chatok, nitak moma

evergreen, okchamali bilia

evergreen tree, iti okchako

everlasting; ataha iksho, bilia

every; tlaiyuka, moma, puta

every day; nitak moma, onna

every kind; ilaiyuka, puta

every one; achafa yuka, aiyuka, moma,
puta

every place, kanima moma

everyone; nan uha, okluha

everything, nana moma

everywhere, kanima moma

evidence; isht aianti, nana pitsa

evidence, to; avlichi

evident, haiaka

evidently, hatwma

evil; achukma, aialhpesa, aiokpulo, aiok-
puloka, alhpesa, haksi, nan ikaialhpeso,
nan okpulo, okpulo, yoshoba

evil eye, nishkin tamp

evil-minded, imanukjfila okpulo

evil speaking, anumpa chukushpa

evil thing, nana ikachukmo

evil worker, hatak haksi

evildoer, hatak haksi

evince, to; a%tichi

eviscerate, to; iffuka kuchi, iskuna kuchi

eviscerated; iffuka kucha, iskuna kucha

ewe; chukfalhpowa tek, chukfi tek

exact, alhpiesa

exact, to; atobbichi

exactor, atobbichi

exaggerate, to; atabli

exaggerated, atapa

exaggeration, atapa

exalt, to; chahachi, holitoblichi, ilefehna-
chechi, yukpali

exaltation, holitopa

exalted; chaha, holitopa

examination, pisa

examine, to; pisa

examiner, pisa

exasperate, to; nukoachi

exasperated, nukoa

excavate, to; kafakbichi, kofussachi, ko-
lokbichi, kulli, yakni kolukbichi

excavated; kafakbi, kolokbi

excavation, kofussa

exceed, to; atabli, ia, imaiya, imaiyachi,
inshati, ishatichr

exceed, to cause to; i”shatechichi

exceeding; affekomi, fehna

THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

443

excel, to; chito,
ishalichi

excellence; achukma, hochukma

excellency; achukma, chitokaka

excellent; achukma, aiyoba, hochukma,
holitopa

excess; alapa, imaiya

excess, to go to; anuktapli, anuktap-
tuli, asilballi

excess, to lead another into; asilbal-
Licht

excessive; atapa, fehna, shati

excessively, shali

exchange, itatoba

exchange, to; apunta, atobbichi, alhto-
boa, itatoba, toba

exchanged, alhtoba

exchanger; itatoba, nan isht itatoba, nan
ittatoba

excision, basht tapli

excitable, ilhkola hinla

excite, to; aianukpallichi, anukpallichi,
ilhkolechi, nukpallichi, okchali, okchali

excite inflammation, to; pikoffi

excited; anukpalli, nukhobela, nukpalli,
okcha, yimmita

excitement; nukhobela, nukpalli, yi-
minta

exclaim, to; pa”ya, tahpala

exclamation; pa’ya, tahpala

exclude, to; hotina, kuchichi

excluded; holhtena, kucha

excommunicate, to; aba anumpuli iksa
kuchi

excommunicated, aba anumpuli iksa
kucha

excommunicated person, aba anum-
puli kucha

excoriate, to; pikoffi

excoriated, piko/a

excrement, yalhki

excursion, /olota

excusable, anumpa onutulahe keyu

excuse; ahaksi, isht amiha, nan isht amiha

excuse, to; ahaksichi, miha, mihachi

excused, ahaksi

excuses, to have; nan isht amiha inlaua

except; keyuhokmat, keyukmat

execrate, to; ahni, anumpa kallo onuchi

execute, to; attichi, atati

execute by hanging, to; anuwksiteli

executed, alhpesa

execution; ali, alhpesa

executioner, hatak nuksiteli

imaiyachi, imponna,

444 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

executive, the; mi”ko, peticheka

exempt, to; hotina

exempted, holhtena

exercise; abachi, torksali

exercise, to; abachi, imomachi,
lechi

exert, to; kilimpi, yichina

exert all the powers, to cause to;
yichinacht

exhaust, to; kotachi, tati

exhaust the breath, to; fiopa tali

exhausted; akania, kota, taha, tikabi

exhibit, to; haiakachi, pisachi

exhibit by argument, to; okfati

exhibited, haiaka

exhibiter, pisachi

exhibition, yopisa

exhilarate, to; yukpali

exhilarated, yukpa

exhort, to; anumpuli

exigency, komunta

exile; chafa, hatak kania

exile, to; chafichi

exiled; chafa, kania

exit; atia, kucha

exorbitant, atapa, fehna

exotic, alhpoba

expand, to; auata, auatachi, wohola

expanded, auata

expatriate, to; chafichi

expect, to; ahni, hoyo

expectant; ahni, hoyo

expectation, ahni

expecter; ahni, hoyo

expectorate, to; hotilhkot tofa

expedient, walhpesa

expedite, to; twshpalechi

expedition; itanowa, tushpa

expeditious, tushpa

expel, to; chafichi, kuchi, titeli

expelled; chafa, kucha

expended, kania

expense; alhtoba, kania

expensive, aiilli chito

experience; ikhana, imomaka

experiment, zmomaka

experiment, to; albachi, imomakachi,
yohmit pisa

expert; alhtaha, ikhana, imponna, tushpa

expiable, alhtoba hinla

expiate, to; atobbi

explated, alhtoba

expiatory; alhtoba, alhtoba hinla

expirable; dla hinla, issa hinla

toksa-

{puu. 46

expiration; /iopa, taha

expire, to; ili, issa, mosholi, nitak taha

expire (breathe out), to; apwfachi,
fiopa, fiopa isht aiopi

explain, to; tosholi

explainable, toshoa hinla

explained; anumpa toshoa, alhtoshoa, to-
shoa

explainer, tosholi

explanation; anumpa toshoa, toshoa

explicable, toshoa hinla

explicate, to; tosholi

explication, toshoa

explicator, tosholi

explicit, apissanli

explode, to; akshuchi, basalt, bokafa, ka-
lakshichi, tukafa

exploded; aksho, kalakshi

exploder, kalakshichi

explore, to; pisa

explorer, pisa

explosion, tukafa

expose, to; haiakachi, shahbichi

expose to the sun, to; u/fka

exposed; apohko, haiaka, shahbi

exposer, haiakachi

expositor, anumpa tosholi

expostulate, to; anumpuli

exposure, haiaka

expound, to; tosholi

expounded, toshoa

expounder, tosholi

express, apissanli

express, an; hatak anumpa isht arya,
inshati imanumpa isht arya

express, to; anumpuli, bushli, holissochi

expressed; anwmpa, busha, haiaka, ho-
lisso

expressible; busha hinla, holissa hinla

expunge, to; kashoffi, kashoffichi

expunged, kashofa

expurgate, to; kashoffi, kashofficht

expurgated, kashofa

exquisite; achukma, imponna

extant, a”sha

extemporize, to; hehkat anumpuli

extemporizer, hehkat anumpuli

extend, to; ashatapoli, ashatabli, asha-
tablichi, auata, auatachi, auatalli, chisbi,
chisbichi, chisemochi, tapa, tapuchi, ma-
bli, mampa, mampli, shebli, shepoa,
shepoli, washalali

extend to, to; ona

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY

extend to all, to; okluhanchi, putalechi

extend to two, to; tuklona

extended; ashatapa, ashatapoa, asha-
tapa, ashatapoa, auata, chisbi, chisemoa,
lapa, mampa, mampoa

extended, to cause to be; ashatapo-
lichi

extension, lapa

extensive; chito, patha

extent; aiali, auata, ati, chito

extenuate, to; iskitinichi

extenuated, iskitini

exterior; kucha, paknaka

exterminate, to; lubbi, okpani

exterminated; lopa, luba, okpulo

external, kucha

extinct; aksho, issa, mosholi

extinction, mosholi

extinguish, to; ahokoffichi, okpani

extinguish fire, to; Juak mosholichi,
mosholicht

extinguishable, mosholicha hinla

extinguished; ahokofa, mosholi, okpulo

extinguished fire, /uak mosholi

extirpate, to; lubbit tati, teha, teli

extirpated, /uba

extol, to; afehnichi,
anumpuli

extort, to; wehpuli

extorted, wehpoa

extortion, wehpoa

extortioner, wehpuli

extract, akucha

extract, to; bushli, honi, kuchi

extract from, to; akuchi

extracted; akucha, busha, honni, kucha

extraction, isht atia

extravagant, imilayak isht yopomo

extreme; aii"shali, ishali, isht aiopi,
wishakchi

extreme, the; aiati, aiisht aiopi

extreme distress, i/basha

extremely; /fehna, tokba

extremity; aiatli, aishali, ilbasha, wi-
shakchi

extricable, fakoffa hinla

extricate, to; kuchichi

extricated; kucha, takoffi

extrication; kucha, takoffi

extrinsic; kucha, paknaka

exuberant, apakna

exude, to; Zitilli

exude, to cause to; Zitilli

exult, to; yukpa

holitoblichit isht

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 445

exultation, yukpa

eye; chiluk, nishkin

eye, bad; nishkin okpulo

eye, black; nishkin lusa

eye blue; oktalonli

eye, corner of the; nishkin ahi

eye, dim; nishkin tohbi

eye, edges of the; nishkin alt

eye, gazing; okchilali

eye, gray; oktalonli

eye, large; okchitali

eye, light-colored; nishkin hata

eye, perished; nishkin shamba

eye, ruined; nishkin okpulo

eye, sockets of the; nishkin aheli chiluk

eye, to; apistikeli, atokot pisa, pisa

eye, white; oktalonli

eye of a needle, chufak nishkin

eye of the mind, imanuk/fila

eye salve, nishkin imikhinsh

eyeball, nishkin

eyebrow; imosana, imosana hishi

eyed, one-; nishkin achafa

eyelash, nishkin shilinhchi

eyelid; nishkin hakshup, nishkin shilinh-
chi hakshup

eyer; apistikeli, pisa

eyes, bright; palhpakachi

eyes, goggled; okchitunli

eyes, large; okchitunli, okchitanshli

eyes, rolling; okchilanshli

eyes, sharp; okchilunli

eyesight; holhponayo, hopo™koyo, isht
hopurkoyo, isht hopunayo, nishkin niha

eyesight, to give; holhponayochi

eyetooth; isht itibbi, noti isht itibi

eyewater, nishkin imikhinsh

eyewitness; na pisa, nana pirsa

fable; holabi, shukha anumpa

fable, to; holabi, shukanump ikbi, shuk-
hanumpikbi

fabled, shukanumpa anumpa

fabric; aboha, nan tanna, nana toba

fabricate, to; ikbi

fabricated, toba

fabrication; holabi, toba

fabricator, ikbi

fabulous, shukhanumpa

face; apaknali, kaniohmi, muyaha, na-
shuka, pakna, tikba

face, red; nashuka humma

face, to; alatali, asanni, asonali

face, to cause to; asanalichi

446

faced; /folota, alata

facetious; yopula shati, yukpa

facile, miha

facing, alata

fact; ali, kaniohmi, nana

factor, isht atta

factory; atitatoba, aiitatoba chuka

faculties, imanuk/ila

faculty; imanuk/ila, imponna

fade, to; bashi, kashofa, kashoffi, tikaot

faded; bashi, kashofa, vikabi, toffokoli

faggot, shawwa talakchi

faggot, to; shawwa takchi

faggoted, shauwa talakchi

fail, to; akshuchi, ashachi, hokofa, illi,
issa, laua, onachi, tahat va

failing; ona, onachi

fain, yukpa

faint; hoyabli, kallo, kota, tikabi

faint, to; bila, illi, kota, tasembo, tikabi

faint-hearted, hobak toba

faintness, kota

fair (clear);
shauashli

fair (handsome), pisa aiukli

fair (just); achukma, anti, apissanli, alh-
pesa

fair, a; aiitatoba chito

fair, to cause to be; okshauanlichi

fair man, hatak alhpesa

fair weather, masheli

fair weather, entirely; kamak at kania

fairly, alhpesa

fairness; achukma, ati, apissanli, alh-
pesa, kashofa

fairy, kovwi anutkasha

fairy, female; kushikanchak

fairy, male; abitampa

faith; aiyinimika, aba anumpa, na yimmi,
yumm

faithful, avti

faithfully, a”ti

faithfulness, anti

faithless, ali, na yimmi, yimmi

fall (autumn), ahvi, hashtulahpi, onafa,
onafapi

fall (ruin), okpuloka

fall, a; akkitula, itola, liweli, kaha, kinafa,
oka fohopa, okattula, okpulo

fall, last; onafash

fall, liable to; kinafa hinla

fall, to; akakoha, akama, akkama, chilofa,
itihpila, itola, ittula, kaha, kihepa, ki-
nafa, kinati, kobafa, liweli, oka pita-

masheli, okshauanli, ok-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

Johopa, oka pitakinifa, okpulo, sakti oka
pit akinafa, shippa, tokofa, yoshoba

fall, to be suffered to; latapa

fall, to cause to; akakotichi, chilofachi,
liwelichi, shippali

fall against, to; aboa, pokafa

fall as dew, to; jfichak toba

fall back, to; falama

fall backward, to; olbalhpila

fall down, to; akka itula, akkakaha, ak-
kakoha, akkama, akkitola, fohopa, kaha,
lipiat itola, tipkachi

fall into, to; fohki

fall into the water, to; fobukachi, ok-
atula, okattula

fall on, to; onitula, onutula, parfi, shiyuli

fall on the face, to; lepa, lipia

fall out, to; achowa

fall over, to; /ilemat itola

fallacious, ali

fallacy, haksichi

fallen; akkakoha, akkitula, chilofa, kinafa,
kinalt, shippa, yileha

fallen down; akkakoha, akkama, kaha,
tuhama

fallen man, hatak yoshoba

fallen on, onutula

fallible; haksa hinla, haksicha hinla

falling, chilofa

fallow, homaiyi

fallow, a; aholokchi

fallow, to; yakni pataffi

fallow ground, aholokchi

false; a’ti, holabi, isunlash chutata, isun-
lash tuklo

false accuser or swearer; aholabechi,
aholabi ‘

false witness, to bear; aholabi

falsehood; ati, holabi, lushka

falsely; ati, holabi

falsifier, holabi

falsify, to; holabi, holabichi

falsity, holabi

falter, to; anukchito

fame; aianoyuwa, anoa, anowa, annoa

famed, anoa

familiar; chu”kash yohbi, ikhana

familiarize, to; ikhananchi

family; chuka achafa, chukachafa, hatak
chuka achafa, oklushi

famine, hopoa

famous, anoa

fan; amashtichi, alhpatak, almachi, isht
amatichi, isht ilamatichi

BYINGTON ]

fan, small hand; u/ko

fan, to; amatichi, amashtichi

fan pride, to; ilefehnachechi

fanatic, tasembo

fanciful, imanukfila laua

fancy, anushkunna

fancy, a; i”holitopa, imanukfila

fancy, to; anushkunna, ihollo

fane, aboha hanta

fang; isht itibbi, iyakchush, noti isht itibi

fanged; isht itibbi avsha, iyakchush a”sha

fanned, mashahchi

fanning mill, onush amatichi

fanner; amashtichi, ufko

fantasm, shilup

far; atapa, fehna, hopaki

far up, aba pilla

fare; aiilli, ilhpak

fare, to; a”ya, apa, manya

farewell, arya

farish, hopahki

farm, osapa

farm, to;
toksalv

farmer; hatak osapa to”ksali, osapa isht
atta, osapa toksali

farmhouse, osapa chuka talaia

farrier; iswba imalikchi, isuba iyi tali ryt
lapalichi

farrow, shukhushi petechi achafa

farrow, to; shukhushicheli

farther; hopaki ichali, mishapilla, mi-
shema

farther side of a creek, bok mishtannap

farther up, abehma

farthest; hopaki fehna, hopaki ichali

fascinate, to; chutkash ishi, chunkash
yukachi, haksichi

fashion; akanimi, kaniohmi, yakohmika,
yamohmi, yohmi

fashion, to; ikbi, yamihchi

fast (swift); chali, palhki

fast (tight); afacha, alhkama

fast, a; okissa

fast, to; hullochi, impa, na hollochi, na
hullochi, nan hullocht, nukharklot nan-
hullochi, okissa

fast asleep; ili, nusit ili

fast day, okissa nitak

fast walker, chati

fasten, to; afacha, afachali, afashli, aka-
massali, atakalichi, atapachi, atapachi,
attapachi, hokli, okshita

impota, osapa pilesa, osapa

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

447

fasten with a bolt, to; tali fobassa isht
akamassalli

fastened; afacha, afachali, afashkachi,
akamassa, ashana, atokowa, alhfasha,
okshillita, oktapa

fastened up, alhkama

fastened with a bolt; tali fobassa isht
akamassa

fastener; isht afacha, isht akamassalli

fastener (one who fastens); a/achali,
atapachi

faster, na hollochi

fastness, holihta kallo

fat; bila, na bila, nia, weki

fat, a; iti honni aialhto, iti isht honni
aialhto

fat, hog’s, shukha bila

fat, to; nia, niachi, niat isht va

fat of beef, wak bila

fatal; isht illa hinla, okpulo

fatal sickness, abeka okpulo

fatality, aiyamohmahe alhpesa

father; aki, chitke, ikbi, iki, pinki,
tikba

Father, our Great; Pirki ishto, Pinki
chito, Pinki chitokaka

Father, our Heavenly; Pitki aba

father, to; irki ilikbi

Father in Heaven, his; [”ki aba

father-in-law; amafo, haloka, imafo,
imafo, ipochi, ipochi halloka

fathered, iki toba

fatherhood; ivki, inki chohmi

fatherless, i”ki iksho

fathers, the; asanonchi, asunonchi

fathom; ashatapa, ashatapoa, isht alh-
pisa tuklo

fathomless; akka iksho, akkahoyo, ikhana

fatigue; tikabi, tovksalv

fatigue, to; tikabichi

fatigued, tikabi

fatness, nia

fatten, to; niachi, niat isht ia

fattened, nia

fattener, niachi

fatty, nia

faucet; abicha, isht bicheli, oka abicha, oka
isht bichelr

fault; aiashachi, ashachi

faulty, okpulo

favor, aiahninchi

favor, to; apela, apelachi

favored, imota

448

favorer, apelachi

favorite; i”holitopa, ihollo

fawn; isi ushi, isushi

fawn, to; ahpalli, aiokpachi, isi ushi
cheli

fay, to; alhpiesa

fear, nukshopa

fear, exclamation of}; yilishachi

fear, to; ahni, anuktakancha, holitobli,
nukshopa

fear, to produce; nukwiachi

fearful; anukwia, nukshopa, nukwia, ok-
pulo, palammi

fearless, nukshopa

fearlessly, nukshompiksho

feast; chepulli, impa chito, impachi, nan
ipetachi, nan isht ilaiyukpa

feast, to; chepulechi, chepulli, chukash
yukpali, impa, impachi, yukpali

feast, to attend a; chepullit avsha

feast, to make a; chepulechi

feaster; impa, impachi

feasting, nan isht ilaiyukpa

feat, na fehna

feather; abukbo, aka"k hishi, hapukbo,
hishi, hoshinshi, hushi hishi, shikopa,
wonuksho

feather, to; shikopa isht shema

feather bed; hoshishi patalhpo, hoshin-
shi patalhpo topa, hoshinshi topa

feathered, hishi toba

feathered entirely, hishi tobat taha

febrifuge, yanha isht shipachi ikhinsh

February, Fibueli

feces; lakchi, okshahala, yalhki

fed, ilhpita

fee, alhtoba

fee, to; atobbi, tohno

feeble; botosha, kota, tikabi

feeble-minded, hatak imanukfila ikkallo

feebleness; haknip kota, kallo

feed; impa, isuba imilhpak

feed, to; apa, impa, impachi, impachi,
ipeta, niachi, yukpalr

feed an infant, to; pishechi

feeder; impachi, ipeta

feel, to; anukfilli, hushshiho, ikhana,
posholi

feel of, to; pashoti, potoli

feeling; chu”kash, ikhana, imanukfila

fees, alhtoba

feet, naked; iyi beka

feign, to; ilahobbi

feint, ilahobbi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

felicitate, to; yukpali

felicitated, yukpa

fell; hiahni iksho, okpulo, palammi

fell, to; akakoli, akkachi, kinatichi, ki-
naffi

felled, akka

feller, kinaffi

fellow; apaha, binka, ibabinili, ibafoka,
ibaianta, ichapa, ichapoa, itichapa

fellow, to; ichapa

fellow-citizen, okla chafa

fellow-laborer, ibatoksali

fellow-mortal, illi binka

fellow-scholar, holisso itibapisa

fellow-servant, yuka minka

fellow-soldier, tashka chipota mivka

fellow-student; holisso ibapisa, holisso
itibapisa

fellow-traveler; ibaiarya, itiachi, itiba-
nowa

fellowship, itibafoka

felly, chanaha

felon, hurkupa

felonious; haski, hunkupa, okpulo

felt, chukfi hishi shapo

female; hatak ohoyo, ohoyo, tek

female, aged; ohoyo kasheho

female fox, chula tek

female sex, ohoyo pisa aiukli

feminine, ohoyohmi

fen; lunsa, oktatshko

fence, holihta

fence, crooked; holihta yimyiki

fence, picket; holihta halupa

fence, to; holihtachi, itibi

fence, Virginia; holihta yiryiki

fence, worm; holihta yinyiki

fence side, holihta apotaka

fence with stone, to; tali isht holihtachi

fenced, holihta

fenceless, holihta iksho

fencer, itibi

fencing stuff, holihta pata

fend, to; katabli, okhatabli, okshita

fenny, okla™shko

ferment, watalli

ferment, to; chibokachi, shatammi, sha-
tammichi, watallichi, wushohachi, wu-
shulli, wushullichi

fermented; shatammi, wushulli

fermentation; wushohachi, wushulli

fermentation, to cause; wushullichi

ferret, to; kuchichi

ferret, wide; sifa

BYINGTON |

ferreted, kucha

ferriage; alhtoba, pent kucha alhtoba

ferrule, tali afohoma

ferry; akucha, alopulli, isuba inpeni,
penatopulli, peni, peni intalaia, pent
patassa, peni patha

ferryman, peni isht atta

ferry, to; pent kuchichi, tanapolechi,
tanablicht

fertile; awaya achukma, imanukfila laua

fertility, awaya achukma

fertilize, to; yakni niachi

ferule, a; iti shimafa shanfa

fervent; chutkash homi, lashpa, watalli

fervid, /wa

fervor, lashpa

fester, to; aninchichi, wulhko

festival, impa chito

festival, to make a; chepulechi

fetch, lushka

fetch, to; alli, ala, shali

fetch near, to; bilitkachi

fetid; bitema, kosoma, kotoma, shua

fetid smell, kosoma

fetid smell, to cause a; kosomachi

fetlock, isuba iyi hishi

fetor, kotoma

fetor, to cause; kotomachi

fetter; iyi isht intalakchi, tali iyi isht albi

fetter, horse; isuba iyi isht talakchi

fetter, to; iyi intakchi, iyintakchi

fettered; isht intalakchi, iyi isht intalak-
chi, wyintalakchi

fetus, ushi tobat taha

feud, achowa

fever; nan abeka, nipi lua, yanha, yanha

fever, bilious; yanha chito

fever, great; yanha fehna

fever, high; yanha chito

fever, to cause a; yanhachi

fever, to have a; yanha, yanha

fever, to induce a; yanhachi

fever and ague, hochukwa yanha

feverish; imanukfila shanaioa, libbi-
kachi, mafkachi, yanha chohmi, yanoba

few; achafoha, chabiha, chabihasi, chuka-
chafa abinili, laua

few, to cause a; achafoachi

few, to select or take a; achafoachi,
achafolechi, achafoli

few, very; chabihasi, kanomusi

few and scattering; achafoa, achafoa

fiat, anumpa alhpisa

fib; anumpa holabi, holabi

§4559°— Bull. 46—15 29

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

449

fib, to; holabi

fibber, holabi

fiber, akshish

fickle; imanukfila lawa, imanukfila sha-
naioa

fiddle, alepa

fiddle, to; aiepa olachi, atepushi olachi

fiddle bow, alepushi isht olachi

fiddle maker, alepush ikbi

fiddler; alepolachi, alepush olachi

fiddlestick, alepushi isht olachi

fiddle-string, aflepushi isht talakchi

fiddling, alepush olachi

fiducial, iyimmi

fiduciary, iyimmi

fiduciary, a; yimmi

field; aiitibbi, atoksali, oktak

field, large; affekoma

field, small; osapushi

field guard, osapa atoni

field of battle, aiitibbi

fieldpiece, tanamp chito

fiend; shilombish okpulo, tanap

fiendish, okpulo

fiendlike, shilombish okpulo holba

fierce; achillita, anukshomunta, chilita,
nukoa

fierce, rendered; achillita

fierce, to make; achiletali, achillitachi

fierce-minded, chu®kash yiminta

fierceness, nukoa

fiery; chutkash homi,
lashpa, lua, nukoa

fife; oskula, uskulushi

fife, to; uskulushiolachi

fifer, uskulush olachi

fifteen, awah tatapi

fifth, isht talapi

fifthly, isht talapi

fiftieth, isht pokoli

fifty, pokoli

fig; bihi chito, fik

fig leaf, bihi chito hishi

fight, itibbi

fight, to; boli, fehna, itibi, itoti, tanampi

fight, to cause to; itibechi

fight for, to; apepoa

fighter, itibi

figurative, isht alhpisa

figure; holba, holhtina, holisso, isht alh-
pisa

figure, to; hobachi, ikbi, imahoba

filament, ponola

filch, to; huvkupa

hom, hushmi,

450

filcher, hu kupa

file (for arranging things); aholhtapi,
holhtampi

file (rank), itiakaya

file (tool), isht mitofa

file, large; isht mitofa chito

file, to; haluppachi, mitoffi, mitoha, mito-
hachi, mitoticht

file (to arrange), to; hotampi

file, to advance in; baiallit mavya

filed; halupa, mitofa, mitohachi, mitoti

filed (arranged), holhtapi

filed place, amitofa

filed there, amitofa

filer, miloffi

files, to stand in; baialli, bavilli

filing, hotampi

filings, botulli

fill, alota

fill, to; alotoli, alulli, atachaya, hilechi,
kaiyacht

fill a place, to; atobachi

fill bottles, to; kotoba aloli

fill up, to; alolua, alota, alotowa, atacha,
atachkachi, asheli, ashinli, labli

fill with water, to; oka kaiya, oka kai-
yachi

filled; alolua, alota, alhpesa, kaiya, kotoba
alolua

filled up; aialota, alotowa, ashirya

filed with, isht anukfokat alota

filed with water, oka kaiya

fillet; iachuka, pansh isht talakchi, panshi
isht talakchi

fillet, royal; minko imiachuka

fillet, to; takchi

filling, ahaya

filling, the; isht tanna

fillip, ibbak ushi olachi

fillip, to; sakaha

filly, isuba tek himmita

film, hakshup

filter; ahoiya, aholuya

filter, to; hoiya, hoiyachi, holuya

filtered; hoiya, holuya

filth; na shua, shua

filthiness; shua, toshbi

filthy; chakapa, tikokoa, toshbi

filthy, to render; tikokoachi

filtrate, to; holuya, holuyachi

filtrated, holuya

fin; isht okyoli, iyi, naniyi, sanahchi

final, isht aiopi

finally; isht aiopi, polanka

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

find, to;
pisa

find fault, to; na mtha shali

find out, to; akostininchi

finder, ahauchi

fine (good); achukma, aiukli, imponna,
lisepa, mismiki, yohbr

fine (small and soft); chipinta, halupa,
lapushki, ipihbi, lipinka, pushi, tapuski

fine, a; alhtoba

fine (in music), iskitini

fine, to; anumpa alhpisa onuchi, kashoffi

fine, to make; lihpibichi, mismikichi

fine and soft; lipeha, lipemo, lipinto,
lipisto

fine and soft, to make; lipehachi, lipe-
mochi, lipistochi

fine and soft, very; lisisitkachi

fine clothes, isht shema

fine snow, okti pushi

fined; anumpa alhpisa onutula, kashofa

finely; achukma, lapushki

fineness; aiukli, kashofa, pushi, tapuski

finery, isht shema

finger, ibbak ushi

finger, little; ibbak ush ali

finger, to; ibbak ushi isht pasholi

finger end, ibbak ushi wishakchi

finger joint, ibbak ushi itachakalli

finger nail, ibbak chush

finger ring; ibbak ushi foka, ibbak ushi
abtha

finical, achukma

finis, isht aiopi

finish, to; ahokoffichi, atati, alhtaha, ba-
kastuli, loshummi, lushomi, taha, tati

finish off at, to; aloshummi

finish the day, to; shohbichi

finished; ataha, alhtaha, bakasto, lo-
shuma, lushoma, taha

finished off at, aloshuma

finisher; bakastuli, tali

finite, aiali

fire; chu"kash homi, ito, luak, nukoa,
nukhobela, tukafa achafa, ulhti

fire, council; wlhti

fire, everlasting; luak ataha iksho

fire, great; luak chito

fire, night; ninak luak, ninak palali

fire, one council; wlhti achafa

fire, to; hukmi, hushmi, lua, luachi, nuk-
hobelachi, nukoachi, tokati, tokalichi,
tufaka, tukaffi

fire, to be well on; tobela

ahauchi, ahayu, atali, ikhana,

BYINGTON ]

fire, to cause to; tokatichi

fire, to kindle a; oti

fire off, to; tukaffi

fire kindler, oft

fire pan, luak apala

fire poker, lwak isht chiticht

fire water, oka luak

firearms, tanampo

fired; hollokmi, holushmi, lua, tukafa

fired off, tokati

fired on, tukafa

firedogs, itakowa intula

firelock, tanampo

fireman; lwak ikbi, lwak mosholichi

fireplace; aiulhti, luak ashoboli, luak
atoba, luak iksita, luak ituksita

firer, hukmi

fires a gun, one who; tukaffi

firewood; itakowa, iti ulhti

firm; apissanli, kamassa, kallo, weki

firm, a; itapelachi

firm man; hatak kamassa, hatak kamas-
salla

firmament; atohwakali, auataya, shutik
aba, tohwali, towakali

firmness; kamassa, kallo

first; ahpi, amona, ammona, tikba, tinkba,
tikbashalika

first child, wshahpi

first darkness, oklilahpi

first hereafter; tivkba

first one, to be the; achafahpi

first rate, achukma i"shaht tati

firstborn; akni, attahpi, iki ichapa, isha-
hpi, tinkba, tikba atta, ushahpi

firstling, chelahpi

fish, nani

fish, a great; nani chito

fish, a red; nani humma

fish, a species of; ka”shka lusa, kashka,
sakli, shakla, talbasa

fish, to; nan okweti

fish, young; nan ushi

fish basket, nani isht hokli

fish eater, nanapa

fish net, nani isht hokli

fish pot, nani isht hokli

fish trap; nanalbi, nani isht hokli

fisher; nan okweli, nanabi

fisherman; nan okweli, nanabi, nani
hokli

fishery; nan aiokweli, nan okweli

fish hawk, chukcho

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

451

fishhook; nan isht albi, nan isht okwia,
nant isht hokli

fishing place, nan aiokweli

fishy, smelling; nakshobi

fishy smell, nakshobi

fissure; waklali, yakni chiluk

fissures, large; kitanli

fist, ibbak bonunta

fist, to; ibbak bonwht isht isso

fistula, shatali

fit, alhpesa

fit, a; haiuchi, haiuchichi, haiyichichi

fit, to; aiskiachi, atati, yohmi aialhpesa

fit in, to; atacha, atachaya, alachkachi

fit together, to; itabana

fitness, alhpesa

fitted, alhtaha

five, talapi

five score, tatepa achafa

five times; talapiha

fivefold, inluhmi

fix, to; aviskia, auskiachi, aiskiachi, akal-
locht, apesa, hilechi, iksiachi, kallochit
hilechi, tala

fix up a fire, to; tikbichi

fixed; azska, arskachi,
taluli

flaccid, bilakh

flag; hashuk pancha, na hata, shapha

flag (called ‘‘cat-tail’’), pancha

flag of truce, na hata

flag, to; bashi, kota, tikabi, walohbi

flageolet, uskulushi

flagitious; haksi, okpulo

flagon, isht ochi

flagrant; humma, okpulo

flagstaff, kohta

flail; isht boli, onush isht boli

flake of snow, oktusha achafa

flame; libbi, libbika

flame, to; libbi, libbichi

flank, ikfichukbi

flannel; chukfi hishi nan tanna, chukfi
hishi tanna

flap, apokshiama

flap, to; wileti

flare, to; lipkachi, lipli

flare, to cause to; liplichi

flash; malkachi, tohkasakli,
tohwikikli

flash, to; hashuk malli, mallahtakachi,
shubbukli, tohkasakli, tohmali, tohmasli

flash, to cause to; tohmaslichi

aiskia, kallo,

tohwekikli,

452

flash of lightning; hashuk malli, mal-
lahtakachi

flask, kotoba patassa

flask, powder; hituk aialhto

flat; kallo, latasa, latastua, lataswa, la-
tassa, malaspoa, malaswa, malassa, pa-
tasah, pataspoa, patala, pataspoa, pa-
tassa, takassa, weki

flat, a; pataswa, yakni patassa

flat, to; patasachi

flat, to make; patasachi, patasalla

flat and smooth, malassa

flat and thin, to make; takassa

flat land, yakni patassa

flat-nosed; ibichilu patassa, ibishakni pa-
tassa

flat ones, malaswa

flatfish, nani patassa

flatiron, ilefoka halushkichi

flatness; Jatasa, patassa

flatten, to; latasalli, latastuli, latassachi,
malaspoachi, malaswachi, malassachi,
patasalli, pataspuli, patashuli

flattened; Jlataswa, latassa,
patashua, pataskachi

flatter, to; anumpa achukmalit chuka-
shicha

flatulency, akeluachi

flatulency, to cause; akeluachechi

flatulent, akelwachi

flavor, balama

flaw; bitanli, mali

flaw, to; bitanlichi, koli

flawed, koa

flax, nuchi

flay, to; fonffi, loti

flayed; lonfa, toha

flayer, lo” (fi

flea, kashti

fleabite; kashti akobli, kashti akopoli

fleam; issish isht kuchi, isht tumpa

fled; chafa, yilepa

fledge, to; hishi toba

fledged, hishi toba

fledglings, aliktichi

flee, to; chafa, lakoffi, maleli, titaya, yitepa

fleece; chukfi hishi almo, hishi

fleece, to; chukfi hishi amo

fleeced, chukfi hishi almo

fleer, to; isht yopula

fleet, palhki

fleet, to; palhkit avya

fleeting, palhkit arya

flesh; nipi, poa nipi

pataspoa,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

flesh, dead; nipi ili

flesh, dry or dried; nipi shila, nipi
shulla

flesh, perished; nipi shulla

flesh, putrid; nipi shua

flesh, withered; nipi shulla

flesh of animals, poa nipi

fleshed, nia

fleshhook; bili, okhawi

fleshy, nia

flexible; bikota hinla, walohbi

flexible, to make; walohachi, walohbichi

flier; chafa, heli, hika, maleli, na hika

flight, chafa

flight of stairs, atuya

flimsy; kallo, walohbi

flinch, to; issa

fling, pila

fling, to; kanchi, pila

flint, tasannuk

flint-hearted, chunkash kallo

flippant, anumpuli shali

flirt, to; fati, tahtuli

flirt the tail, to; hasimbish fati

flirted, tahtua

flit, to; chachachi, hika

float; ahchihpo, okpalali, pehta

. float, to; mahaiyat arya, okpalali, okpa-

lalichi, okpaloti, okpalotichi

float, to cause to; okpalolichi

floated, okchito

floating, a; okpalali

flock; avya, anya achafa, lukoli

flock, to; ibakaha, itanaha, lukoli

flog, to; fammi, mititha

flogged, fama

flood; laua, oka falama, okchito

flood, to; okchitochi

flood, to become a; okchito

flood, to make a; okchitochi, okchitoli

flooded, okchito

floor; aboha itipatalhpo, iti patapo, iti
patalhpo

floor, to; iti patali

floor, upper; aba patalhpo

flop, to; lopohachi

florid, humma

flounce, apohota

flounce, to; yichina

flounder, to; yichina

flour; bota, bota lashpa, pushi, tavsh
pushi

flour, cold; bota kapassa

flour, corn; bota ta"shpa

BYINGTON |

flour, to; pushechi

flour, to become; bota

flour, wheat; bota hata, bota tohbi

flour of sulphur or of brimstone;
hituk lakna bota

floured, pushi

flout, to; isht yopula

flow, to; mati, nishkin okchiyanalli, oka
bikeli, okchitochi, okchitoli, yanalli

flow, to cause to; paiolichi

flow in, to cause to; oka bikelichi

flow in or over, to; bikeli

flow out, to; asetili

flower; himmita, himmithoa, nam pa-
kanli, pakanli

flower, to; pakanli

flowered, pakanli

flowery, pakanli laua

flowing, yanalli

fluctuate, to;
shanaioa

fluctuate, to cause to; banakachechi

fluctuating, imanukfila lawa

flue; ashoboli, luak ashoboli

fluency, anump ikucha achukma

fluent, anumpuli imponna

flurry, mati

flush, okcha

flush, to; huwmma

flute; oskula, uskula

flute, to play on a; uskula olachi

flutter, avitaiyokoma

flutter, to; topohachi, mitihachi, nukki-
tekachi

flutterer, mitihachi

fluttering, timikteli

flux; ulbal ont ia, yanalli

fly; chukani, shurshi

fly, biting; shu™shi watana

fly, green; shu”shi okchamalr

fly, horse; shu”shi walana

banakachi, pohokachi,

fly, Spanish; shw"shi okchamali isht
wulhkuchi
fly, to; apakfopa, arya, fichamoa, fite-

lichi, heli, hika, maleli, turshpa, yobota
fly (as a spark), to; chulotah
fly, to cause to; helichi, hikachi
fly, water; shu™shi oka avsha
fly against, to; asonali
fly into a passion, to; nuklibishlikachi
fly off sideways, to; tiballi
fly off sideways, to cause to;
imllicht

tib-

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

453

fly open, to; fichama

flyblow, chukanushi

flyblow, to; chukanicheli

flyblown, chukanushi ansha

flying; heli, hika, yabota

flying, a; yananta

flying clouds, hoshonti yabata

flying stars, /fichik heli

foal, isubushi

foal, to; cheli, isubushi cheli

foam; oka pokpoki, pokpoki

foam, to; oka pokpoki, pokpoki

foam, to cause to; oka pokpokechi

fob, hashi isht ikhana imshukcha

fodder, alhpoa imilhpak

fodder, to; alhpoa ipeta

foddered, alhpoa ilhpita

foe, tanap

fog, oktohbi

foggy, oktohbicht

foil, to; okpani

fold, inluhmi

fold, a; poloma, polomoa

fold, to; apolomichi, bunni, holihtani,
itakomoli, kochofa, potomi, potomoli,
puti

fold up in, to; abonulli

folded; borkachi, holihtalhto, potoma,
potomoa, puta

folder; holihtani, puti

folks; hatak, okla

follow, to; atioa, atia, iakaiya, iakaiya-
chit pisa, takaiyoha, ibafoka, ibafokat

arya, isht atta, tioa

follow, to cause to; iakaiyachi, iakaiyo-
hachi

follow by scent, to; ahchishi

follow in haste, to; iahinsht ia

follower; iakaiya, iakaiyoha, ibafoka

following; acharka, himmak

folly; aialhpesa, haksulba, yoshoba

foment, to; hobi

fond of; ahinnia, anushkunna

fondle, to; ahpalli, akomuta

fondler, ahpalli

font, kali

food; apa, honni, ilhpa, ilhpak, ilimpa,
impa, na holhponi, nan apa, nan ilhpak,
nan impa, nan impa, uksak ulhkomo

food, boiled; labocha, lobocha

fool; hatak imanukfila iksho, tmanukfila
iksho

fool, to; haksichi, isht yopula, yimmichi

454

fooled; haksi, pakama, pakamoa, yimmi

foolish; haksulba, imanukfila iksho, tasim
holba

foolish man, hatak hopoyuksa

foolishness, haksulba

foot, iyi

foot, naked; iyi bano

foot, to; habli, hotina

foot joint, iyi tilokachi

foot log; achaba, asilhchap, hahchabah,
salbash

foot of a hill; chakpatali, chakpatalika,
okkattahaka

foot of a tree, iti akishtala

footbridge; achaba, asalbash, asechip,
alhchaba, salbash

footing, ahikia

footman, hitka

footpad; akkahurkupa, hurkupaakka nowa

footstep; anowa, iyi

fop; hatak ilakshema shati, hatak shema
shah

for; atuk, hatok, hatuk, he, isht, pulla,
pullakako

for a long time or way, hopaki

for a season, kanima

for a time, naha

for the sake of; hatuk, pullakako

for us, pin

forage, alhpoa imilhpak

forage, to; alhpoa imilhpak itannalr

forbear, to; nukchinto, olabbi

forbid, to; alammi, alammichi, olabbi

forbidden, alama

forbode, to; tikba anoli

force; kallo, kilimpi, tampko

force, to; afoa, hoklit aiissa

forcible; kallo, kilimpi

ford; akucha, alopoli, atlopulli,
kucha, okhina, okhina akucha

ford a river, to; okhina akka nowat
lopulli

fore, tinkba

fore horse, isuba tikba heli

forearm, tlalhpali

forecast, to; tikba pisa

forechoose, to; tikba atokuli, tikba hotina

forechosen; tikba alhtuka, tikba holhtina

forefather, hatak tinkba

forefinger, ibbak ushi tikba

forefoot, iyi tikba

forefront of a rock, asanali

forego, to; issa

forehanded, nan inlaua

forehead; ibitakla, imosana

hina

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

‘BULL. 46°

foreign; inla, oklush inla

foreign man, oklush inla hatak

foreign nation, oklush inla

foreign people, okla inla

foreign tribe, oklush inla

foreigner; hatak inla, okla inla, oklush
inla, oklush inla hatak

forejudge, to; tikba apesa

foreknow, to; tikbanlit ithana

foreknowledge; tikbanli ikhana, tikban-
lit ithana

foremost, tikba fehna anya

foreordain, to; tikba atokuli

fore part of the day, nitak echi

forerunner, tikbaya

foresee, to; tikba pisa, tikbanlit pisa

foreside, tikba

foreskin; itikba hakshup, tikba

forest; itt anurka, konwi chito, konwi
hochito

forestall, to; tikba chumpat aiishi

foretell, to; na tikbanli anoli, tikba
anoli, tikbantit anoli

foretooth; noti ibish, noti tikba

foretop; ibishachi, ibitakla panshi, imo-
sana hishi

forever, bilia

forewarn, to; tikbanli imanoli

forewarned, tikba annoa

forge; apunfa, talaboli

forge, to; boli

forget, to; ahaksi, alhkania, imahaksi,
imahaksichi, imihakst

forgetful; ahaksichi shati, imahaksi

forgetfulness, imahaksi

forgetter, na imahaksi

forgive, to; ahaksichi, imahaksi, kasho ffi,
kasho ffichit kanchi

forgiven, kashofa

forgiven, to cause to be; imahaksichi

forgiveness, imahaksichi

forgiver, ahaksichi

forgotten; ahaksi, alhkania, imahaksi

forgotten, to cause to be; imahaksichi

fork; afolakto, afolaktua, chufak, chufak
falakto, chukulbi, falakto, fichapa, ficha-
poa, filamminchi, shokulbi

fork, iron; tali falakto

fork, table; chufak isht biti

fork, to; chulaktochi, falakto, falaktuli,
fichapa, fichapoa, fichapoli, fichabli,
itakchulalichi

fork, to cause to; afolaktochi, afolak-
tuli, falaktuchi, fichapolichi

fork in the road, hina falakto

fork of a creek, bok falakto

BYINGTON ]

fork them, to; itakchulashlichi

forked; afolakto, afolaktua, chilakto,
chulakto, falakto, fichapa, fichapoa, itak-
chulakto, itakchulali, itakchulashli, wak-
cha, wakchalashli

forked, to make; chilaktochi

forked at, to be; afolakto

forked foot, iyi falakto

forked nail, chufak falakto

forlorn, alhtakla

form; aiomanili falaia, aiukli, holba

form, to; ikbi

form and come out, to; toba

form as skin, to; hakshup toba

form thin clouds, to; okhapaioli

formed, toba

former; cha”shpo, tinkba

formerly; chashpo, tirkba, tinkbaha

formidable, nukshobba hinla

fornicate, to; lumavka

fornication; hauwi toba, itinlumarka

fornication, a; hatak ivhaklo

fornication, to commit; /wmatka

fornicatress; hatak ihaklo, haut

forsake, to; issa, kanchi

forsaken; aksho, issa

forsaken, a place; aiissa

forsaker, issa

fort, holihta kallo

forth; kucha, pit, tikba

forthwith; chekusi, himonali, himonanli,
yakosi ititakla

fortieth; isht pokoli, pokoli

fortification, holihta kallo

fortify, to; holihta kallo ikbi

fortnight, nitak hollo tuklo

fortress; aboha kallo, holihta kallo

fortunate; imata, imola

fortune, nan inlaua

fortune-teller, nuseka

forty, pokoli

forward; alhtaha, isht afekommi, pit,
tikba, tikbali, tushpa

forward, to; pila, tu%shpalechi

forward man, hatak chilita

foster, to; hofantichi, impachi, peta

foul; okpulo, shua

foul, to; litehachi, litelr

foul smell, to cause a; ashuwachi

foul smelling, ashua

found; ahauchi, haiaka

found, to; akmochi, hakmuchi, ia, ikbi,
ontalali, talali

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

455

found again, atuklant haiaka

foundation; aiisht awechi, intolahpi, in-
tula

foundation of a house; aboha intula,
chuka aiitola, chuka aiontala

founded; ontalaia, talaia

founded upon, abana

founder; akmochi, hakmuchi, ikbi, isit ia

foundered, iyi isht abeka

foundry, aiakmo

fount, kali

fountain; aminti, ataiyuli, ateli, bok
wishahchi, ibetap, kali

four, ushta

four, all; u%shta

four, to; ushtali

four, to make; ushia, ushtali

four times, to do it; ushtachi

fourfold, inluhmi

four-sided; palampoa

foursquare, iti tapokachi

fourteen, auah hushta

fourth; aiushta, isht aiushta

fourth time; aiushtaha, ushtaha

fourthly, aiushta

fowl, hushi

fowl, to; hush abi

fowler, hush abi

fowling piece, tanamp fabassa

fox, chula

fox, barking; ka”wa

fox, mad; chula holilabi, chula tasembo

fox, male; chula nakni

fox, young; chula ushi

fox fur, chula hishi

fox hair, chula hishi

fox hunter, chulabi

fox trap, chula aiabi

fracas, itinnukoa

fraction, tushafa

fracture; koa, kobafa

fracture, to; kobaffi, kokuli, koli

fractured; koa, kobafa, kokoa

fragile, kanliksho

fragments; boshulli, kobulli, kokoa, tu-
shali, tushtua

fragments of boilers, taksho

fragments of wood, iti boshulli

fragrant, balama

fragrant, to make it; balamachi

fragrant thing, na balama

frail; kota, tiposhi, tikabi

frame, haknip

456

frame, to; fohki, ikbi

frame for head deformation, atalhpi

framed, fohki }

framed house, chuka timishki

framer, ikbi

France, Filanchi yakni

frank, ati, haiaka

frank, a; holisso alhtoba iksho

frankincense, /fila™ki"sin

frankness; anumpa lumiksho, apissanli

frantic; nukoa, tasembo

fraternal, itibapishi o”

fraternity, itibapishi atiha

fraternity, a; itibapishi

fraud, haksichi

fraudulent, haksi

fraught; abeha, alota

fray, itibbi

freckle; chikchiki, siksiki

freckled; chikchiki, siksiki

free; ahalaia, ilap ati hikia, kucha, pilla,
yuka, yuka keyu

free, to; issachi, kashoffi, takoffichi, titoffi,
yuka issachi

free-born, yuka keyut atta

freed; kashofa, kucha, takoffi, titofa, yuka
ssa

freedom, yuka keyu

freely; apakna, fehna, ilap aiahni, laua,
pilla

freeman, hatak yuka keyu

freeze, to; akalapechi, akalapi, hochukwa,
kalampi, kalampichi

freight, alhtoba

French, Filanchi

French country, Filanchi yakni

French language, Filanchi anumpa

French Nation, Filanchi okla

French people, Filanchi okla

Frenchman, Filanchi hatak

frenzy; holilabi, nukoa, tasembo

frequently, to be; himonnan

fresh; hapi yammi, himmita, himmona,
humma, kapassa, okchanki

freshet, okchito

fret, to; hasha”yachi, nukoachi, pikofa,
pikoffi, pikoticht

fret, to make her; okpulochi

fret by rubbing, to; pikoli

fretful, hashatya

fretful, to make one; hasha”yachi

fretfulness, nukoa

fretfulness, the cause or occasion of;
isht hashanya

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

fretted; nukoa, pikofa, pikoti

fricassee, nipi alwasha

fricassee, to; nipauashli

fried, alwasha

fried bread, pask alwasha

fried meat, nipi alwasha

friend; hatak ikhana, hatak itinkana,
imholitopaka, itibapishi, kana

friendly; ba%shka achukma, ilhpamsh, itin-
kana, kana

friendship; iti™hollo, kana

friends, mutual; iti"hollo, itinkana

frigate, peni chito aiitibi

fright, anukiakancha

fright, a; nuklakancha, nukshopa

fright, to take; anukiakancha

frighten, to; anuktakashli, anukwiachi,
matalichi, nuktakashli, nukshobli, nuk-
shoblichi

frightened; anuktakancha, matali, ma-
tata, nuktakancha, nukshopa

frightener, nukshobli

frigid, kapassa

frigidity, kapassa

frill, awalakachi

fringe; apohota, awalakachi, imposhota

fringe, to; imposhot infullolichi

frisk, to; tulli

frisker, tulli

fritter, pask alwasha

fritter, to; tushtuli

frizzle, to; lasimo, yushbonulichi

frizzled, yushbonoli

frock; alhkuna falaia, na foka lumbo
falaia, nam piheta

frog, shukatti

frog, a small; kalatska, kiba, shukatti

frog, horned; halanchila™wa chito

frog, species of; shilaii

frog, young; yalubba

frolic; chepulli, hita, itaualli, yikoa

frolic, to; chepulli, hita, itaualli

frolicker; hita, itaualli

from; a, ai, aiati, hikiat ia, minti, pilla

from above, akket

from the fountain, ibetap pilla

from us, pin

front, ibitakla pa™shi

front, to; asanni, asonali

frontal, bita

frontier, yakni ati

frontlet, bita

frost; akalapi, hotonti, okti

frost, great; okti chito

BYINGTON ]

frost, hoar; okti tohbi

frost, to cause a; hotontichi

frost, to kill by; oktabi

frost, white; okti hata, okti tohbi

frostbitten; kalampi, oktabi

frosty; hotonti, kapassa, okti

froth; itukpokpoki, pokpoki

froth, to; itukpokpoki, pokpoki

froth, to make; pokpokechi, wushulli

frothy, pokpoki

frower, tiak isht shima

frown, okwichinli

frown, to; okwichinli, okwichinlit pisa

frowsy; hauashko, homechi

frozen; akalapi, kalampi

frozen mud, okti chu”ti

frozen up, akalapit taha

frugal, ilatomba

fruit; ani, isht atiaka, na waya, nan ani,
nana waya, ushi

fruit, evil; yat

fruit, to bear or yield; ani

fruit, to bring; waya

fruit trees, alhpoa

fruitful; awaya fehna, waya

fruitless; nan ihmahe keyu, waya

frustrate, to; kobaffi

frustrated, kobafa

fry, to; auashli, alwasha

fry meat, to; nipauashli

frying pan; aialwasha, apala

fuddle, to; haksichi

fuddled, haksi

fuel; wa, lwak toba

fugitive; kania, maleli

fulfill, to; aia"lichi, aialhpiesa

fulfill a promise, to; a”lichi

fulfilled; aia”ti, aialhpiesa, anti, alhpesa

fulfillment; aia”ti, alhpisa

full; abeha, aialhtaha, alolua, alota, haia-
ka, iklanna, kaiya, lawa, moma, nia,
yamme

full, a; moma

full, to; sukkochi

full (as the moon), to; hashi bolukta

full banks, alotoli

full cloth, to;
sukkuchi

full of blossoms, pakanli laua

full of swellings, pa/ffala alota

full return of day, onnat taha

fulled; kashofa, nan tanna sukko, sukko

fulled cloth, nen tanna sukko

fuller of cloth, nan tanna sukkuchi

kashoffichi, nan tanna

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 457

fulling mill, nan tanna akashofichi

fullness; aialota, aialhtaha, alolua, alota,
alotowa, apakna, alhtaha, chito, nan
inlaua

fullness of the blood vessels, michila

fulminate, to; anumpa apesa, hiloha

fulsome; shua, yuala

fume, shoboli

fume, to; shoboli, shobolichi

fumigate, to; shobolichi

fun, ilaualli

function, isht atta

functionary, isht atta

fundament, obala

funds; isht chumpa, tali holisso

funeral, hatak hopi

funeral cry, yaiya

fungus; oktushshi, pakti

funnel; aiani, ashoboli, isht bicheli, oka
abicha, oka isht bicheli

fur, hishi

fur hat, kinta hishi shapo

furbished, shohmalali

furious; anukhobela, kallo,
nukoa, tasembo

furl, to; afolichi

furled, affoa

furnace; aiokpuloka, asonak atoba, shuti
asha atoba, tali abila

furnace, iron; tali abila

furnace of fire, tali abila

furnish, to; ahauchi, aiatati,

furnished, alhtaha

furniture; aboha nan chukushpa, chuka
na chokushpa

furrow; bachali, hina, patafa, yiryiki

furrow, to; hina ikbi, pataffi, yakni pa-
taffi, yinyikechi

furrow, to make a; bachali

furrow, water; oka i”hina

furrowed; patafa, patati, shikofa, yinyiki

further; anonti, misha, mishapilla, mi-
shema

further, to; apela, apelachi, pila

furthermore; himmakma, yamohmikma

nukhobela,

atali, ipeta

‘fury; anukhobela, nukoa, tasembo

fuse, to; bila, bileli, itobila

fused; bila, itobila

fusee, tanamp fabassa iskitint

fusible, bila hinla

fusion, itobila

fuss, a; shakapa

future; cha"shpo, himmak, himmak: pilla,
nitak tinkba minti

458

future, in the; chetoma, tumashke

futurity, nitak himmak pilla ma

fuzz; hishi lapishta, hishi wanuksho, wa-
nuksho

fuzzy, wononu”kachi

gab, to; anumpuli

gabble, to; anumpuli

gad about, to; chuka abaiyat nowa

gadabout, chuka abaiyat nowa

gadder, chuka abaiyat nowa

gadfly, olana chito

gag, itakha isht alhkama

gag, to; hoeta banna, hoetat pisa, itakha
akkamt

gage; isht apesa, isht tarfi

gaged, alhpesa

gagged, itakha alhkama

gain, pisa

gain, to; ahauchi, asitabi, ishi, ona, pisa

gain the affections, to; chw"kash ishi

gainer; ahauchi, pisa

gainsay, to; ali

gait, nowa

galaxy, the;
hata kolofa

gale; mali, mali chito, mati kallo

gall, the; basunlash, basunlash okchi,
chu®kash hon, nukoa

gall bladder, basunlash aiatto

gall, to; iti loli, pikofa, pikoffi

galled, piko/fa

gallery; aboha hoshontika, hoshontika

galley (on shipboard), aboha ahoponi

gallon; isht alhpisa, kalan, koat ushta, oka
isht alhpisa, okisht alhpisa

gallop, tabakli

gallop, to; hatapakli, hatapaklichi, ta-
bakli, tabaklichi

gallop, to cause to; tabaklichi

gallows; anuksiteli, anuksita, hatak anuk-
sita, hatak anuksitkacht

gamble, to; baska

gambler; baska, hatak baska

gambling room, aboha abaska

gambol, to; hila

gambrel; atakali, atakoti, iyukbal

game, nam poa

game, a; isht yopula, washoha

game, a certain; achapi

game, to; baska, washoha

gamester, hatak baska

gaming house, aboha abaska

gammon, shukha iyubi shila

oft hasimbish mhina, oft

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

gander, shilaklak nakni

gang, hatak kanomona

gangrene; nipi illi, nipi shua

gap; ahokofa, atiwa, atua, tilafa

gap, a mountain; kolofa

gap in a fence, holihta atiwa

gape, to; banna, hawa, itakpashpali, pisa

gape, to cause to; hawachi

gaper, hawa

gaping, ttakpashpali

garb, isht shema

garble, to; aiyoa, yuli

garbled; aiyua, yuha

garden, osapushi

gardener, osapushi apesachi, osapushi
toksala

garfish, nani kallo

gargle, to; itukwatahachi, itukwatichi,
itukwotolicht

garland, iatipa hashtap toba

garment; anchi, fohka, ilefoka, na fohka

garment, lady’s; ohoyo ina foka

garment, large; na foka chito

garner, kanchak

garnish, to; aiuklichi, shemachi

garnished; aiukli, shema

garniture; isht aiukli, isht shema

garrison; holihta kallo, tashka chinota
aasha

garrison, to; tashka chipota aiasha
ashachi

garter; isht alhfoa, iyafoa, iyalhfoa, iyubi
huski isht alhfoa, iyubiha isht alhfoa

garter, to; wyafoli

gash; abasha, achatya, basha, charya,
chanyat pasharfa

gash, to; bashli, chanli, pashaffi

gashed; basha, chanya, pasha”fa, pashaffi

gasp, itakpashakli

gasp, to; itakpashakli, itakpashakli

gate; holihta isht alhkama, holihta okhisa,
isht okshilita, okhisa

gather, to; amo, itahoba, itahobi, ita-
hobli, itannali

gather at, to; aiitahoba

gather fish, to; peli

gather from or of, to; aiamo

gather fruits, to; hoyo

gather into, to; ashachi

gather up, to; apoyua, alballi

gathered; aiyua, itahoba, itanaha

gatherer; amo, hoyo, itahobi, itahobli,
itannali

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY
gathering; hatak itahoba, itahoba, ita-
naha

gathers, awalakachi

gauge, isht alhpisa

gauge, to; apesa

gauged; alhpesa, tarfa

gaunt; yihina, yohhuna

gaunt, to make; yohhunachi

gay, yukpa

gaze, pisa

gaze, to; pisa

gaze about, to; okchilanli, okchitarshli

gaze at, to; aiokchipelih, okchitanli, ok-
chitunli

gazer, pisa

gazette, holisso

gear of a horse; isuba isht halalli, isuba
isht toksali

gear, to; isuba isht halalli fohki

gears, nan isht halalli

geld, to; bashli, hobak ikbi

gelded; basha, hobak, hobak toba

gelding; hobak, isuba hobak

gelid, kapassa

general, moma chuhmi

general, a; chanal, hopavi

generality, moma chuhmi

generally, moma chuhmi

generate, to; ikbi

generated, toba

generation; aiitishali, aiunchululli, isht
atiaka, isht aiunchululli, itaiunchululi,
itashali, uncholulli, unchululi

generation, to form a; aiwnchululi

generator, ikbi

generous, achukma

genius, imanuk/fila kallo

Gentile; Chintail, Chintail hatak, Chin-
tail okla, okla nan ikithano, oklushi aba-
numpa ikithano

gentle; imoklaya, kostini

gentle disposition, ba"shka

gentleman; hatak alhpesa, hatak holi-
tompa, hatak holitopa

gentleness, honayo

genuine; achukma, a”ti, apissanli

germ; aiisht ia, aminti, atoba, bikobli

germinate, to; abasali, bisali, offo

gesticulate, to; ibbak fahfulli

get, to; hikia, ikbi, ikhana, ishi

get all, to; bakastuli

get among, to; ibalhio

get away, to; haili, ia

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 459

get down, to; akkoa

get here, to; ala

get it lower, to; taklechi

get on, to; oiya

get out of joint, to; kotafa, kotati

get out of the way, kanali

get over, to; abanabli,
tanabli

get ready soon, to; tikbashalila

get satisfaction, to; okha

get the affections, to; chwrkash ishi

get there, to; ala

get through, to; alhtaha

get to, to; ala

get up, to; tani, wakaya

get up, to cause to; wakayachi

get well, to; dakoffi, masali

ghastly, pisa okpulo

ghost; shilombish, shilup

Ghost, the Holy; Shilombish holitopa

giant, hatak chito

gibbet; anuksita, anuksiteli

gibe, to; isht yopula

giddiness, chuk/foloha

giddy; chukfoloha, hannanuki, tasembo

gift; afammikma ilhpeta, aiokpachi, aba
isht aiokpachi, habena, habenachi, hal-
bina, wlhpita, ima, isht atokpachi, na
halbina, nan isht aiokpachi

gifted, imponna

gig, iti chanalli iskitini palhki

gigantic, chito

giggle, to; yukpa

giggler, yukpa shal

gild, to; tali lakna isht alhkohachi

gilded, tali lakna isht alhkoha

gilding, isht alhkoha

gills; chaka, itakha, nani itakha

gills of afowl; impakti, impasha, inchaka

gimlet; isht fotoha iskitini, isht fotohushi,
itt isht fotohushi

gin, oka homi

gin, a; ahokli, ponola anihelichi

gin, to; hokli, niheli

gin cotton, to; ponola nihechi

ginned; niha, nihi

gird, to; atali, askufachechi, askufachi,
fohkachechi, katali

girded; askufa, askufachi, fohka, katanti,
yunushkr

girding, katanli

girdle, isht askufachi

girdle, to; /fohkachechi, yunni, yunush-
kicha

tanapolechi,

460

girdle a tree, to; iti chant, abi, yikoti

girdled; yikoha, yunna

girl; alla tek, ohoyo himmita

girl, a young; ohoyo himmitasi

girth; ikfuka isht talakchi, ikfukasita

givel, echi

give, to; atobbi, ama, boli, ema, habena-
chi, ibbak fohki, ilhpitachi, ima, imissa,
ipeta, ipetachi, tssa, lacha

give alms, to; hopela

give away, to; shuchapap

give back, to; falammichi

give charge over, to; miha

give ear!, omishke

give ear, to; haponaklo

give himself, to; kanchi

give himself up, to; ilapissa

give knowledge, to; anukfohkichi

give up, to; ilissa

give up to death, to; i/liissa

given; ibbak fohka, ilhpita

given to, shati

giver; ilhpitachi, ima, ipeta

giving, ibbak fohki

gizzard, chakiffa

glad; aiyukpa, yukpa

glad, to; yukpali

gladden, to; «aiokpachechi,
yukpa, yukpalechi, yukpali

glade, tohwali

gladly, yukpa

gladness, yukpa

glair, akatk ushi walakachi

glance, to; anaktibafa, anaktibaloa, anak-
tibaffi, anaktiboa

glance, to make or cause to; anakti-
baloti, anaktibafi, anaktiballi, anakti-
ballicht

glance off, to;
balla

glanced; anaktibafa, anaktibaloa, anak-
tiboa

glare, shohmalali

glare, to; shohmalali

glass, apisa

Glauber salts, ikhinsh hapi holba

gleam, to; tohwikeli

glean, to; alballi

gleaned, albala

gleaner, alballi

gleaning, alballi

glee, yukpa

gleet, hata

glen, okfa

aiyukpali,

chasalli, chasallichi, ti-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

{Buu 46

glib; halasbi, halushki

glib, to; halasbichi, halushkichi

glide, to; yanalli

glimmer, tohkasakli

glimmer, to; shohmalali,
tohwikeli

glimmering, shumpalali

glimmering, a; tohkasakli, tohwikeli

glimpse, tohwekikli

tohmasali,

glisten, to; chalhchakachi, malkachi,
shohmalala

glistening; malatha, malkachi, shohma-
lashli

glitter, to; shohmalali

glittering, shohmalali

globe, lumbo

globe, the; yakni, yakni lumbo

globe, wooden; iti lumbo

globular; lobuhbo, lumbo

gloom; imanukfila ilbasha, nukharklo,
oktili

gloomy, okhili

gloomy thoughts, imanuk/jila ilbasha

glorified, holitopa

glorify, to; aiokpachi, holitoblichi, holi-
toblit aiokpachi, holitopachi

glorious, holitopa

glory; aholitopaka, aholitoparka, aiatika,
aba yakni aholitopa, holitopa, holitopat
annoa, nan isht aholitopa, shohmalali

glory, the; isht aholitopa

glory, to; yukpa

gloss, to; tosholi

glossy; malancha, malanta

glossy, made; malantkachi

glossy, to make; malantachi

glove; ibbak abeha, ibbak foka

glow, to; humma, lashpa, malantachi,
nuklibisha

glowworm, halba

glue, kauehto

glue, to; aialbuchi, albochi

glued; aialbo, albo

glut; isht pala, iti isht pata, nanabli

glut, to; nanabli, yuala

glutinous, holishki

glutton; hatak isikopa, isikopa

glutton, a great; isikopa shali

gluttonize, to; isikopa

gluttonous; atiballi, holillabi, isikopa

gluttonous to excess, isikopa shali

gnarled, nukshiah

gnash, to; apa, kiseli, kiselichi

gnash the teeth, to; noti itikiselich

BYINGTON ]

gnat, yikoffa

gnaw, to; kilt, kiselichi, kisli

gnawed, kila

gnawer, kili

go, to; aia, atarya, anya, hashi kania,
hikia, ia, ilthkoli, ili, kanali, manya,
nowa, ona, yanalli

go, to cause to; tilelichi

go across, to; lopulli

go after water, to; ochi

go against, to; sanali

go ahead; hotepa, mia, tepa

go along, to; aiya

go along fast, to; palhkit arya

go along with, to; tavkla anya

go and give, to; ont

go and make the fire blaze, tobachi

go and see, to; ont

go and take, to; ont

go around, to cause to; afoblichi

go astray, to; tamoa

go at random, to; himak fokalit anya,
yammak fokalechi

go away, to; itokania, kanali, kania,
kucha

go back, to; /alamat ia

go backward, to; tikbali

go beneath, to; nutaka ia

go by, to; ia, ont

go down, to; akka ia, akkaona, akkoa,
habofa, haboli, okatula, okkattaha, shippa

go down, to cause to; shippali

go far off, to cause to; hopakichechi

go first, hotepa

go forth, to; kucha

go forward, to; maiya

go forward, to cause to; tikbiachi

go from, to; akanalli, attat ia, itot ia

go in, to; chukoa

go in, to cause to; afohkachi, fokichi

go in at, to; afohka

go in haste, to; heli

go in quest of a favor, to; habenat arya

go in there, to; afohka

go into, to; fohka

go into, to cause to; afohkechi

go off!, kanima

go off, to; tukafa, tokati

go on!, hotepa

go on board, to; peni foka

go on foot, to; akkaya

go openly, to; kucha

go out, to; kucha, kuchat ia, kuchat, luak
mosholi, mosholi

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

461

go out, to cause to; kuchichi

go over, to; auanapoli, abanabli, abano-
poli, topulli, tanabli, walabli

go over, to cause to; auanapolichi,
abanablichi, paknachi, tanapolechi

go past, to; ont

go round, to; afobli, fullokachi

go round at, to; ajolota

go slow, to cause to; salahachi

go there together, to; itonachi

go through, to; tipulli, lopotoli, topulli,
yulull

go through, to cause to; lopolichi,
yululliche

go to, to; aiona, ona, ont

go to, to cause to; onachi

go to a frolic, to; yikoa

go to all, to; mominchi

go to heaven, to; aba ia

go under, to cause to; nutakachi

go under water, to; oklobushli, oklo-
bushlichi

go up, to; atia, aba ia, oiya

go with, to; aiena, ibaiarya, itatuklo,
tankla ia

goat, isi kosoma

goat, he; isi kosoma nakni

goat, she; isi kosoma tek

gobble, to; nanabli, ola

gobbler, fakit homatti

God; Aba irki, Aba pirki, Chitokaka,
Hashtati, Inki aba, Pinki aba, piki ishto

God Jehovah, J7ki Chihowa

godly; aba anumpuli aiarti, Aba inki
imantia

goer, 2a

goggle-eyed, nishkin itasunali

going; aia, anya, ia

gold, tali holisso lakna

golden, tali holisso lakna

goldsmith, tali holisso lakna pilesa

gone; alhkania, iksho, kania, kaniachi,
taha

gone astray, tamoa

gone by; chamo, chikki

gone down, habofa

gone off, itamoa

gone out, mosholi

gone over or by, auanapa, awanapoa

gone through, tuka/ja

good; achukma, aiachurkma, aiyoba, ali,
apoksia, chukma, hochukma, holitopa,
hopoksia, nitanki

good, made; achukina

462

good, the; achukma

good, to do; achukma, hochukma

good, to make; achchukmali, achukma-
lechi, aiyobachi, hopoksiachi

good deal, a; dawa chuhmi

good fortune; imilbik, imota

good humor, yukpa

good-humored, yukpa

good-looking, ilafaya

good luck, imota

good nature, yukpa

good nature, a; banshka

good-natured; ba"shka, hopota, yukpa

good-natured, to become; hopota

good place; aiachukma, aiyobarka

good place, the; aiachukmaka

good to, to do; aiyobachi

goodness; achukma, achukmatka, aia-
chukmaka, hochukma

goods; alhpoyak, ilanyak, imilayak, nan
alhpoyak, nana imilaryak

goose; hankha, shatha, shilaklak, shilak-
lak tek

goose egg, shilaklak ushi

gopher; luksi konih, yakni bukli, yumbak
chito

gore, issish

gore, a; kafanli

gore, to; bahaffi, bati

gore, to make; batichi

gored; baha, bahafa

gorer, bahaffi

gorge, the; i”malapi, nalapi

gorge, to; nanabli

gorget, inuchi chinakbi

gorget, shell; sha”ha

gormandize, to; asilballi

gormandizer, asilballi

gosling, shilaklak ushi

gospel, the; aba anumpa

gospel path, the; hina hanta

gospel, to; aba anumpa ithananchi

gospel, to desire the; aba anumpa ahni

gossip, to; anwmpa chukushpashali

gossiper; anumpa chukushpali, anumpa
chukushpashalt

gouge, iti isht kula kofusa

gouge, to; fulli, kulli, nishkin kuchi

gouge out, to cause to; fullichi

gouged, nishkin kucha

gourd; isht kafa, shukshi okpulo, shuk-
shubok

gourd, water; lokush

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

govern, to; a”ya, ilaueli, ilauet arya,
peticht

govern there, to; apelichi

government; aiulhti, anumpa alhpisa,
apetichika, ulhti

governor; mi”ko, na pelichi, nam petichi,
pelicheka, petichi

gown; alhkuna, nam poheta, pohota

gown, lady’s; nam piheta

gown, long; alhkuna falaia

grab, to; ishi, yichiffit ishi

grace; achukma, aiahninchi, aiukli, chu-
kash achukma, kana

grace, to; holitoblichi, shemachi

graced; holitopa, shema

graceful, amakali

graceful, to render; amakalichi

gracious, achukma

gradually; kanallit arya, salahat

grain, nan apawaya

grain, a; chu"kash, nihi

grain, English; onush

grain, small; onush

grains, lakchi

granary; kanchak, onush aiasha

grand; chaha, chito

grandchild, ippok

granddam; appokni, ippokni

granddaughter, ippok tek

grandees, hatak petichika

grandeur; chaha, chito, holitopa

grandfather; amajo, imafo

grandmother; apokni, appokni, ipokni,
ippokni

grandsire, imafo

grandson, ippok nakni

grant, to; ibbak fohki, ima, kanchi, ome
ahni

grape; parki, parkachurst

grape juice, pavki okchi

grape water, oka parki

grapevine, pa”kapi

grapple, to; halalli, yichiffi, yichifficht

grappled, yichowa

grasp, ishi

grasp, to; ishi, yichiffi, yichiffichi

grasper, yichiffi

grass, hashuk

grass, great; hashuk chito

grass, stout; hashuk chito

grass, thick and heavy; hashuk chito

grass, tough; nita i”pisa

grass, wild; nakshilup, hashuk bansi

BYINGTON ]

grasshopper; chashap, chishaiyi, habin-
shak, hataffo, hauachikchik, hashuk
chanshlichi, hionshakeli, iachikchik

grassy, hashuk joka

grate, to; kanshkachi, shakinlichi

grate the teeth, to; noti itikiselichi

grateful, aiokpanchi

gratification, fihopa

gratified; fihopa, yukpa

gratify, to; fihobli, yukpa, yukpalechi,
yukpali

grating, ka™shkachi

grating of the teeth, shakahachi

gratitude; aiokpanchi, aiokpachi

gratuitous, aiilli iksho

gratuity, halbina

gratulate, to; aiokpachi

grave, nuktanla

grave (in music); aka”lusi, chito

grave, a; ahollohpi, hollohpi

grave, to; kullit holissochi

graved; bashat holisso, kulat holisso

gravedigger; ahollopi kalli, hohpi

gravel; talu"shik, talushik

gravel, to; talushik patali

graveled, talushik patalhpo

grave-minded, churkash weki

graver, kullit holissochi

gravestone, ahollopi tali hikia

graveyard; ahollohpi, hatak aholopi

gravid, chakali

gravity; chukash weki, weki

gravy; bila, na bila

gray, okchamali

graybeard, hatak sipokni

gray-eyed, oktalonli

grayheaded, patsh tohbi

graze, to; halelili, hashuk impachi, hashuk
ipeta, hopohka, hopohkachi

graze, to cause to; amishoffi

grazier; wak apistikeli, wak peticht

grease; bila, liteha, litikfo, na bila

grease, to; ahammi, fohki, litehachi,
litikfochi

greased; ahama, liteha, litikfo

greasy; bila, liteha, litikfo

great; aiyaka, anti, chakali, chito, hocheto,
ishto

great coat, ilefoka chito

Great Father, our; Pirki ishtoka

great-grandfather, ima/o

great-grandmother; apokni, ipokni

great man; hatak chito, hatak chitokaka,
hatak hochitoka

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

463

great one; chitokaka, ishtokaka

Great Spirit, Hashtali

greater, i”shati

greatest; inshaht tati, moma inshali

greatest, made; i"shaht taha

greatly; chitot, tokba

greatness; chito, hocheto

greedy; amosholi, anuktapa, anuktap-
tua, atiballi, banna fehna, holillabi

green; himmitasi, kilinkoba, okchamali

green (as newly cut wood), okchanki

green, to turn; okchamali

green dyestuff, nan isht okchamalichi

greenish; okchakalbi, okchakkuchi

greenness, okchamali

greet, to; aiokpachi

greet, to cause to; aiokpachechi

greeter, aiokpachi

greeting, aiokpanchi

greyhound, ofi palhki

griddle; ampmahaia, ampmahaia apalaska

gridiron, nipaialhpusha

grief; nan isht anukharklo, nukharklo

grieve, to; alhpesachi, nukhaklochi

grieved, nukhanklo

grievous; chito, elli, ilbasha, illechi, nuk-
harklo, palammi

grievously, fehna

grim, pisa okpulo

grimace, nashuka okpulo

grin, to; itakyuinli

grind, to; fotoha, fotoli, hopa™sa, il-
bashali, shotichi

grind at, to; afototi

grind fine, to; pushechi

grind the teeth, to; noti itikiselicht

grind there, to; a/otoli

grinder; fotoli, na fotoli

grinder (tooth); noti, noti chukbi, noti
isht impa, noti pokta

grinding, fotoha

grindstone; ashuahchi, chashampik, tala-
shuahchi, tali ashuahchi

grip, to; apakshana, yichiffi, yichiffit ishi

gripe, halalli

gripe, to; ikfuka hotupali, ilbashali

gripped, yichefa

grit nuts, to; washlichi

grits, corn; ta%sh lakchi

gritted, chicho”li

groan; hitha, kifaha

groan, to; hitha, kifaha, kifanli

groat, pikayu

grocery, oka aiishko

464

grog, oka homi oka ibalhto

groggy, haksi

groom; hatak himona ohoyo itauaya, tishu

groove, kula

groove, to; kulli

grooved, kula

grope, to; potoli

gross; achukma, chito, nia, okpulo, sukko

gross, a; auah tuklo bat auah tuklo

grossness; nia, sukko

grot, tali chiluk chito

grotto, tali chiluk chito

ground; aiisht ia ammona, akka, lukfi,
yakna

ground (sharpened); fotoha, shoha, shu-
ahchi

ground, dry; yakni shila

ground, to; akkaboti, akkatala, hilechi

ground, under the; yakni anu"kaka

ground at, a/otoha

ground fine, pushi

ground floor, akka itipatalhpo

ground peas; yakni anuka waya, yakni
bala

ground thrown up, wokokoa

ground turned up, wokokoa

groundless; a”li, isht amiha iksho

groundnuts; yakni anutka waya, yakni
bala

grounds, lakchi

group, lukoli

group, to; lukolichi

grouped, lukoli

grove; iti lukoli, talaia

grovel, to; balali, makali

groveler; balali, hatak makali

grow, to; achoshunni, alikti, bafaha, ba-
falli, hishi toba, hofalli, 1a, ikbi, mshaht
ia, kunti, offo, okpicheli, okpichelichi,
waloa, waya, wayachi, walwaki

grow, to cause to; aliktichi, offochi

grow at the side, to; apatali

grow easy, to; shuchapah

grow long, to; falaiat ia

grow mean, to; makali

grow together, to; pokta

grow up, to; asano, hofanti

grow up again, to; unchololi

growing, the; o/ffo

growing up now, to be; himona hofanti

growl, kileha

growl, to; kileha, tikliha

growler, kileha

grown; asano, hofanti, hofalli

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

grown person, asano

grown together; apokta, pokta

grown up; alikti, hofantit taha

growth; chaha, chito

growth, a; hofanti, hofalli, offo

growth, the; alikti

growth, the second; wncholulli

grub, itakshish

grub, to; itakshish kulli, kulli

grub ax, itakshish isht charya

grubbed, kula

grubber, itakshish kulli

grubbing hoe, itakshish isht charya

grubworm, yala

grudge, nukoa

grudge, to; haklo

grudging, potanno

gruel, water; ashelokchi

grumble, to; nukoat anumpuli

grumbler, nukoat anumpuli

grunt, to; kifaha, kifanli, turka, turktua

grunter; lurka, turktua

grunting; furka, tuvktua

guard; apistikeli, atoni, nam potoni, nan
aiapistikeli, nan apistikeli, potoni

guard, to; ahinna, apistikeli, atoni, potoni

guard a prison, to; aboha kallo apisti-
keli

guard on a gun, tanamp hoshintika

guarded, imalama

guarder, apistikeli

guardian, apistikeli

guess, imahoba

guess, to; himak fokalit miha, imahoba

guest, nowat arya

guide; ilaueli, na petichi, petichi,
heka

guide, to; afanali, ashummi, fololichi,
ilaueli, petichi, tikba heka

guider; ilaueli, tikba heka

guile; apakama, haksi

guileful, haksi

guileless, haksi keyu

guilt; aiokpulo, yoshoba

guiltless; ashachi keyu, haksi keyu

guilty; haksi, yoshoba

guilty man, hatak hofahya

guinea fowl, sakkin

guinea hen; aka’k kofi, kofi chito

guise, isht shema

gulf; kolokbi, kolokobi,
kolukbi

gull, haksi

gull, to; haksichi, yimmichi

tikba

okhata, yakna

BYINGTON]

gulled; haksi, yimmi

gullet, i”nalapi

gully, kolokbi

gulp, to; balakachi, hoeta, kalakachi, nalli

gum; hika nia, iti titilla, titilli, na titillr

gum, to; ahammi

gum of the teeth; noti itabalakchi, noti
italbakchi, notte nukbalarkchi, nutakba-
lankchi

gum tree, hika

gun, tanampo

gun, air; uski lumpa

gun, big; tanamp chito

gun, to charge or load a; tanamp abeli

gun barrel, tanamp nihi

gun barrel, large; tanamp nihi chito

gun wiper; fanamp isht kashokachi, ta-
namp isht kasholichi

gunlock, tanamp lapali

gunner, na hw%ssa

gunpowder, hituk

guns, big; tanamp hochito

gunshot; ahu”sa achafa,
avisht hu%sa achafa

gunsmith, fanamp ikbi

gunstick; tanamp isht kashokachi, tanamp
isht kasholicht

gunstock, tanamp aiulhpi

gurgle, to; tobokachi

gush, to; mitafa, mitaffi

gust, mali

guts, iskuna

gutted, iskuna kucha

guzzle, to; nalli

tanamp chito

habiliment; isht shema, na fohka

habit, avimalhpesa

habit, a; aimomaka, aiimomachi, aiya-
mohmi, na fohka

habit, to; na foka foka, shema

habitable, aiokla hinla

habitant, aiokla achafa

habitation; aboha, aiasha, aiatta, chuka

habited, na foka foka

habited with, shema

habitual; aiimomaka, avimomachi, shali

habitually, shali

habituate, to; achayachi, aiimomachi

habituated, aiimomachi

hack; chanaha holitopa, iti chanaha holi-
topa, iti chanaha pathki, lakofa

hack, to; chant tushtuli, iti chant tusha-
lichi, sakahanli

84339°— Bull. 46—15——30

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

465

hackney, isuba toksali

had; atok, atuk, hatuk, tali, tok
tukatok

had been; atuk, hatuk

haft; ahokli, aieshi, atishi, aiulhpi, api,
ulhpi

haft, to; hopi, opi

hafted; holopi, ollupi, ulhpi avsha

hag, ohoyo isht ahollo

haggle, to; tushatichi

hail, hata”fo

hail, to; hata”fo, hatafottula, inhoa

hail, to cause to; hata”fochi

hailstone, hata”fo

hair; hishi, hishi lapishta, parshi

hair, curled; pash yiryiki

hair, gray; pa”sh tohbi, yushbokoli

hair, having white; yushbokoli

hair, short; wanuksho

hair, short fine; hishi wanuksho

hair, sorrel; pa”sh umbala

hair, thick; pa”shi chito

hair, white; pa”sh tohbi, yushbokoli

hair of a hog, wonuksho

hair of the head, panshi

hair of the tail, hasimbish hishi

hair ribbon, panshi sita

hair tied up, pa”shi sita

hairbrush; patsh isht kasholichi, pa”sh
isht kashokachi

haircloth, pa™shi tanna

haired; hish arsha, patshansha

hairless; fomosa, pa”sh iksho

hairless being, hachunchuba

hairy; hish asha, hishi chito, panshansha,
panshi chito, wanuksho, wonuksho, wo-
nonunkachr

haleyon; yohbi, yukpa

hale; hatak nipi achukma, nipi achukma

hale, to; halalli

= He

half; aiiklanna, aiiklannarka, bakapa,
bakastoa, iklanna, kashapa, koyofa,
patata

half a bit, pikayu

half a day, nitak iklanna

half dead; ila husi, illinaha

half dime, pikayu

half-blood; issish iklanna, itibapishi toba

halfway; aviklana, iklanna

halfway up, abema

hall; aboha chito, aboha itintakla, aboha
ititakla, aiapesa

halloo, ale

466

halloo, to; apahyachi, apanlichi, atohni-
chi, imhoa, parya, shakapa, tahpala,
tasaha

hallooing, shakapa

hallow, to; holitoblichi

hallowed, holitopa

halo; akonoti, hashi akonoti

halt; hanali, imomokpulo

halt, to; issa, yokopa

halter, ibichilu foka

halter, long; iswba imponolo

halter, to; ibichilu foka foka

halve, to; bakastuli, bakabli, kashabli,
koyoffi, patalli

halved; bakapa, kashapa, koyofa, patata

ham; iywbi, obi

hame; tkonla inuchi, itt isht halalla

hamlet, tamahushi

hammer; chufak isht ahonata, isht boa,
tali isht boa

hammer, claw; tali chishaiyt

hammer, iron; tali isht boa

hammer, to; anukfilli, boli, kabaha,
toksala

hammer, wooden; iti isht boa

hammered, boa

hammerer; boli, kabaha

hamper; isht talakchi, kishi

hamper, to; anuktuklichi

hamstring, iyi” kalatkshish

hand, ibbak

hand !, echi

hand, to; halalli, ima, wali

hand bone, ibbak fona

hand iron, tashiha

handcuff, ibbak isht talakchi

handcuffed, ibbak talakchi

handful; ibabukbo, ibbak alota,
alhto

handful, double; ibbabukbo, ibbabukbo
achafa, ibbapukko

handiness, imponna

handkerchief; tachuka, nantapaski

handle; ahalaili, ahokli, aialhpi, aieshi,
avishi, aiulhpi, api, ulhpr

handle, to; anumpuli, pashoti, potoli,
pulla

handled, ollupi

handmaid, ohoyo

hand-organ, alepushi

handsome; achukma, aiukli, chito, tla-
faya, tlafia, pisa avukli

handspike; isht afana, isht tonolichi, itr
isht tonolicht

ibbak

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

handwriting; holisso, holissochi

handy; alhtaha hinla, imponna ~

hang, to; atakali hilechi, atakalichi, nuk-
sita, nuksiteli, nuksitiffi, nuksitoha,
nuksitoti, nukshinfi, nukshinifa, taka-
lechi, takali, takant fahakachi, takoti,
takolichi, tikelichi

hang, to cause to; takalechi

hang a man, to; hatak anuksiteli

hang by or to, to; atakali

hang by the neck, to; anuksiteli, nuk-
shiniffi

hang in the throat, to; anukbikeli

hang on, to; atakoti, atakotichi, halalli

hang over, to cause to; chashanachi

hang over and down, to; chashana

hang to, to; achu”sha, anuksita, anuksit-
kachi, asitia, atakolt

hang up, to; aba takali, aba takalichi

hanged, nuksita

hanger; aiakali, nuksiteli

hanging, takali

hanging in, achunsha

hanging over and down, chashana

hanging to, anuksitkachi

hangman; hatak anuksiteli, hatak nuksi-
teli, nuksiteli

haniger, nani kallo

hank of cotton, ponola itapana

hank of thread, ponola fabassa achafa

hank of yarn, chukfi hishi itapana achafa

hanker, to; banna fehna

hapless, imateka shali

happen, to; ishkanapa

happiness; isht ilaiyukpa, nana yukpa

happiness, place of; aiyukpa

happy; imanukfila «kkallo,
itinkana, yukpa

happy, to make; yukpali

happy place, aiyukpa

harangue, anumpa isht hika

harangue, to; anumpa isht hika, anum-
pula

haranguer; anump isht ika, anumpa isht
hika

harass, to; intakobichi, tikabichi

harassed; intakobi, tikabi

harbinger, tikbanya

harbor; afoha, anusi, peni ataiya, pent
chitataya

harbor, to; anta, atukko, foha, fohachi,
isht

hard; achiba, chilakbi, chitoli, chitolit,
hauashko, homi, itatoba kallo, kachombi,

imponna,

BYINGTON ]

kamassa, kapassa fehna, kallo, timimpa,
palammi, salbo

hard bread, paska kallo

hard-fisted man, hatak nan i”holitopa

hard-hearted; churkash kallo, imanuk-
fila kallo, nukhanklo iksho

hard-hearted man, hatak chu”kash kallo

hard potato, ahe kamassa

harden, to; akamassa, akallo, akmo,
akmochi, chilakbichi, hakmo, hakmuchi,
kamassalli, kallo, kallochi, salbochi

harden by pounding, to; alallichi

hardened; akmo, hakmo, kamassa, kallo,
salbo

hardener; kamassalli, kallochi

hardihood; chw'kash nakni, nukwia iksho

hardiness; nukwia iksho, palammi

hardly; chohmi, naha

hardness; kamassa, kallo, imimpa

hardness of heart, chu”kash kallo

hardship, palammi

hardy; kallo, kilimpi, nipi achukma, nuk-
wia iksho

hare, chukfi pattakita

hare, male; chukfi pattakata nakni

hark! ah, mah!

hark, to; haponaklo

harlot; haui, ohoyo haui

harlot, to act the; haui, haui tobat nowa

harlot, to become a; haui toba

harm; ashachi, nan imokpulo, okpulo,
yoshoba

harm, to; hotupali, okpani

harmed; hotupa, okpulo

harmful, nan okpana hinia

harmless; nan okpanahe keyu, nuktala

harmonious; iti”kana, itilaui achafa, iti-
laui fulota

harmonize, to; holba, itilawichi, kana,
ola itilaui, taloa ikbi, taloa itilaui

harmony; holba, itilaui, itilaui achafa,
kana, ola itilaur

harness; isuba isht pilesa, isuba isht tok-
sali, isht halalli, nan isht halalli

harness, wagon; iti chanaha isht halalli

harp; alepa, hap

harp, to; alepa olachi

harper, alepolachi

harrow; ta”sh api isht peli, yakni patafa
isht lapushkichi ~

harrow land, to; yakni lapushkichi

harsh; haksuba, homechi, kallo, okpulo,
takba

harshness; imanuk/ila kallo, kallo

hart, isi chito nakni

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

467

hart leaf (the name of a plant), /akit
salakoba

harvest; abasha, ahoyo, hoyo, na hoyo,
nan ahoyo, nan apawaya ahoyo

harvest, to; hoyo, kanchak fohki, na waya
hoyo, na waya kanchakfoki

harvest corn, to; tanchi hoyo

harvest ground, hoyo

harvested; kanchak foka, tanchi hoyo

harvester; na waya hoyo, onush bashli

harvestman; na waya hoyo, onush bashli

has; atok, atuk, hatuk, tuk

has been; atuk, hatuk, tok, tuk

hasp; afacha, aialhpi, atapachi, isht afacha,
isht atapacht, tali isht afacha, tali isht at-
tapachi

hasp, to; afachali, atapachi, attapachi

haste, tushpa _

haste, to; tu”shpa, tu%shpalechi, tu%sh-
pali

haste, to actin; tu”shpa

haste, to be in; anukwanya

haste, to goin; tu”shpa

hasted, tu”shpa

hasten, to; anukwaryachi, ashalivkachi,
atu%shpa, atushpachi, palhkichechi, palh-
kichi, tunshpalechi, turshpali, tushpachi

hastened; atu%shpa, palhki, tu™shpa

hastily, ashalinka

hastiness, tushpa

hasty; anukwarya, palhki, tushpa

hasty pudding, ashela

hat, a; shapo

hat, to put on or wear a; shapoli,
shapolichi

hat brim, shapo impahaia

hat crown; shapo intalla, shapo nushkobo,
shapo paknaka

hat lining, shapo anutkaka alata

hatband, shapo isht talakchi

hatch, hofalli

hatch, to; ahofallechi, hofalli, hofallichi

hatched; ahofalli, hofalli

hatchet, iskifushi

hate, to; ahni, anukkilli, isht ckinahno,
isht ikinyukpo, nukkilli

hate, to cause to; isht ikimahnochechi,
isht ikimahnochi, nukkillichechi, nukkil-
Licht

hateful, yuala

hater; isht ikinahno, isht ikityukpo, nuk-
killi

hatred; anukkilli, nukkilli

hatter, shapo ikbi

haughtiness, t/apunla

468

haughty; ilapakpu"a, ilapakpunla, ila-
puna, ilapunta, ilefehnachi

haul, halalli

haul, to; halalli, shalallichi, shalt

hauled, sharya

hauler; halalli, shal

haunt, to; aiona, shilup aiasha

haunted, shilup aiasha

hauteur, tlefehnachi

have; hatuk, tok

have, to; ahauchi, ahoba, ahumba, a”sha,
halalli, hikia, hokli, tmansha, intola,
ishi, inshi, itola, nukfoka, pisa, tonho

have been, tuk

haven; atukko, peni chitataya

havoc, okpulo

havoc, to; okpani

haw, chana/fila

haw, black; shanajila

hawk; aiyichifichi, biakak, biyankak, hanan

hawk, blue; tw”stwbi

hawk, fish; tw”stubi

hawk, fork-tailed; pa”sh falakto

hawk, hen; aiyichifichi, akank abi, hatak-
lipush

hawk, large red-tailed;
humma

hawk, night; luksupa foti

hawk, pigeon; aiyichifichi

hawk, prairie; hatapofokchi, hatapofuk-
chi, tapafakchi

hawk, sparrow; shikkiliklik

hawk, swallow-tailed; pa”sh falakto

hawk, to; kila

hawthorn, black; shana/fila

hay; hashuk basha shila, hashuk shila

hay, to; hashuk shileli

haycock, hashuk itanaha

haymaker, hashuk shileli

hazard, okpulo

hazard, to go or act at; himak fokall,
yammak fokalechi

hazard, to run a; himak fokalechi

hazard, with; himak fokalit

hazardous; himak fokalechi,
fokali

haze, oktohbi

hazy; okhapayabi, oktohbichi

he; atuk, at, ato, ilap, ilapat, ilaposh,
ilappa, in, mih, yamma, yammak ashosh,
yammak ashot

he that; kanaho, kanahosh

he whom, okma

hasimbish

yammak

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

head; anumpa nushkobo, ibetap, nashuka,
nushkobo, nushkoboka, pashi, peticheka,
tikba

head, to; katapoli, nushkobo ikbi, nush-
kobo tabli, petichi

head (as grain), to; okshonli

head, to cause to; katablichi

headband; bita, iswba imbita, nushkobo
isht talakchi

head first; hachowanashi, himak fokalit

head man, peticheka

head of, noshkoboka

head of a cask, ibish isht alhkama

head of a creek or stream; ateli, bok
wishahchi, ibetap ivbok

headache, nushkobo hotupa

headdress; iachuka, nushkobo isht shema

headdress, king’s; mi”ko imiachuka

headed; katapa, okshonli

headed, flat; yushlatali

headed, gray; yushbokoli

headed, round; yushlitalih

header, nushkobo tkbi

headlong; hachowanashi, himak fokalit

headman; hatak peltichi, hatak pelichika

headmost, tikbarya

headpiece; shapo kallo, tali bita

headquarters, anumpa aialhpisa

headstall; kapali isht talakchi nushkobo
foka, nushkobo foka

headstrong; chu”kash kallo, halata kallo,
ilafoa

heady; ahah ahni iksho, ilapunla

heal, to; atakofi, atakofichi, atta, attachi,
hopotalli, takoffi, takoffichi, takofolicha,
masalichi

heal the heart, to; nuktalachi

healable; atta hinla, takoffa hinla

healed; aiantli, atakofi, atta, hopota,
lakoffi, takofoat taha, takofoht taha,
masalt

healer; attachi, takoffichi, na takoficht

health, haknip achukma

healthful; achukma, haknip achukma

healthy; achukma, chukma, haknip achuk-
ma, hatak nipi achukma, nipi achukma

healthy man, hatak nipi achukma

heap, to; apullichi, alhpoachi, itanahachi,
itannali, itannalichr

heaped, ittanaha

heaper, ttannali

hear, to; haklo, haponaklo, ikhana, nuk-
Joka

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY

hear, to cause to; haklochi, haponak-
lochi

hear all, to; oklwthalinchi

heard, haponaklo

heard, just; wakkalih

hearer; haklo, haponaklo, na haklo

hearing; ahaklo, haklo, haponaklo

hearing, mutual; itihaklo

hearken, to; haklo, haponaklo

hearkener, haponaklo

hearsay, anumpa chukushpa

hearse, hatak illi ashali

heart; chu”kash, iklanna, imanukfila,
iskuna

heart, bad; chu”kash okpulo

heart of a tree, the; iti iskwna

heart rising, nuklibekachi

heartache, i/basha

heartbreak, nukhatklo atopa

heartburn; akeluachi, chutkash lua, nuk-
libekachi

heartburn, to cause the; akelwachechi

hearten, to; yimintachi

hearth; iksita, lwak aiulhti, luak ashoboli,
luak iksita, luak ituksita

heartily; aiokluha, anti, fehna

hearty; churkash yiminta, kamassa, kallo,
nipt achukma

heat; alohbi, lashpa, maleli achafa, nukoa

heat, mild; lashpa ammona

heat, prickly; tombushi

heat, to; alohbichi, lahbachi, lashpachi,
lashpali, libishli, yanhachi

heated; atohbi, lahba, lashpa, libisha,
nuklibisha, nuklibishakachi, pikofa

heater; ilefoka halushkichi, lashpali,
libishli

heathen; aba anumpa ikithano, hatak nan
ikithano, okla nan ikithano, oklushi nan
ikithano

heathen nation, oklushi abanumpa ik-
ithano

heathenism, aba anumpa ikithano

heave, banatha

heave, to; aba pila, aba takalichi, bana-
tha, chitot fiopa, hoetat pisa, kallot fiopa,
pila

heaven; aba, aba aiachukmaka, aba shu-
tik, aba yakni, shutik, shutik tabokaka

heaven, in; aba pilla

heaven, to; aba pilla

heaven above, aba aholitopa

heavenly, aba

Heavenly Father, our; J”ki aba

OF THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 469

heavenly king, aba minko

heavens, the; shutik, shutik tabokaka

heavenward; aba pilla, aba yakni pila

heaver, aba pila

heaviest, weki inshati

heavily; salahat, weki

heaviness, weki

heavy; chito, ilbasha, kallo, lukchuk chito,
nukha"klo, nuna, palammi,
shali, weki

heavy, very; weki fehna

heavy thing, na weki

Hebrew, Chu hatak

hectic, yanha

hector, hatak itakhapuli shati

hector, to; anumpulechi

hectorer, anumpulechi

hedge, aboli

heed; ahah ahni, haklo

heed, to; ahah ahni, anukfilli, haklo,
imantia

heedful; aiokpanchi, haponaklo achukma

heedless, ahah ahni

heedlessness, ahah ahni iksho

heel, iyi” kotoba

heeler, itakhapuli

heels over head, to fall; hachowanashi,
hachowant

heels over head, to throw; hachowa-
nashichi, hachowanichi

heft, weki

heifer; chelahpi, wak tek himmeta

heigh !, eha

heigh ho!, cha

height; chaha, falaia, nanih

heighten, to; achukmalechi, aiyabechi,
chahachi

heightened; aiyabbt, chaha

heinous, okpulo

heir; immi, ushi

held; yichefa, yichowa

hell; ailbasha, aiilbashaka, aiokpuloka,
aiokpulurka, hatak illi shilombish aiasha,
luak chito, shilombish okpulo

hell fire, aiokpuloka luak

hellish, aiilbasha imma

helm; penafana, peni isht afana, pent isht
JSullolichi

helmet; shapo kallo, tali bita

helmsman, a/fanata

help; apela, apelachi, ibawichi, ilhtohno,
itapela, nan apela, nan apelachi, toksali

help, to; apela, apelachi, apepoa

helper; apela, apelachi, apepoa, itapela,
nan apela, toksali

salaha,

470

helpless, apela

helve, api

helve, to; hopi, opi

helved; holopi, ollupi

hem; afohoma, apoloma, apotomoa, apo-
shokachi, na foka afohoma

hem, to; afohommi, apolomachi, apotomi,
apotomolili, na foka afohomt

hem of a garment, apolomachi

hemmed; afohoma, apoloma, apotomachi,
apotomoa

hemmer, apolomi

hemorrhage, issish mitafa

hemp cloth; na kallo, nan tanna kallo

hen; akank tek, akatka

hen, old; akank ishke

hence, kanima

henceforth, himmak pila

henceforth, from; himmak pillama

henceforward; himmak pila, himmak
pillama

hencoop, akank inchuka

henhouse, aka"k inchuka

henpecked, hatak tekchi imantia

henpecked husband, hatak tekchi imantia

her; a”, ilap, im, immi, in

her own, tlap immi

herald; anwmpuli, nan anoli, nan apesa

herb; alba, haiyu"kpulo

herbage; haiyu"kpulo, hashuk

herculean, chito

herd; anya, anya achafa, lukoli

herd, neat; wak apistikeli

herd, to; itanaha, itannali

herdman; alhpoa apistikeli, wak petichi,
wak apistikeli

here; ilappa, ilappak, ilappasi, yak

here and there, kanon

herabout, ilappa foka

hereafter; himmak, himmak foka, himmak
pila, himmak pillama, himmakma, nitak
tinkbahe

herein, i/appa

heretofore; tivkba, tikbama

hermit; hatak haiaka keyu, ilap biekat
kanima atta

heron, American green; okataktak

herpes, hallampa

hers; ilap, immi

herself; ilap, ilap akinli, ilapinl

hesitate, to; anukchito, anuktuklo, anuk-
wa

hesitation; anuktuklo

heterodox, aba anumpa yimmi keyu

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hew, to; apatichi, atushali, atilichi, chanli,
kulli, tati, titi

hewed; atila, tala, tita

hewed, place; atila

hewed on both sides, atelachi

hewed timber, tala

hewer; apatichi, atilichi, chanli, kulli, nan
titi, tali

hewer of wood, iti chanli

hewn, tala

hewn down, akakoha

hiccough; chukjfikoa, itukfikowa, nukfi-
choa, nukficholi

hiccough, to; chukfikoa, itukfikowa

hiccough, to make one; chukjikoli,
chukfikolichi

hickory, white; wksak hata

hickory bark, baluhchi

hickory milk, uksak ulhkomo

hickory mush, wksak atlanta

hickory nut; oksuk, uksak

hickory nut, large; kapko, yuhe

hickory-nut meat, uksak nipi

hickory-nut shell, uksak foni,

hickory tree, uksak api

hickory withe, uksak api bisinli

hickup; nukfichoa, nukficholi

hickup, to; nukfichoa, nukficholi

hickup, to cause one to; nuk/icholichi

hid, /wmboa

hid at, aluma

hidden; /wma,lwmboa, lumanrka, tulhpakali

hidden at; alwma, alumpoa

hide, to; luhmi, luhminchi, lumpuli

hide, hakshup

hide, to; aluhmi

hide at or in, to; aluhmi, fohki

hideous, pisa okpulo

hider, luhmi

hiding place; alwma, alumpoa

hie, to; tw%shpa

high; aiilli chito, alota, aba, aba imma,
chaha, kallo

high (as a price), chito

high (as to sound), iskitini

high and open, mabi

high price; alhtoba chito, aiilli chaha

high priest, na hollochi iksa petichi

high rank, holitompa

higher, chaha i"shali

higher up; abehma, abema

highest; chaha i”shaht tati, chaha moma
inshati, inshaht tati, moma imshali, nana
moma inshali

BYINGTON ]

high-hearted, chu”kash chaha

highland, nanih foka

high-minded; chu”kash chaha, ilapunla,
ilefehnachi, imanukfila chaha

highness; alhtoba chito, holitopa

high-tempered, chutkash halupa

high-water mark, okchito aiali

highway; aiitanowa, hina chito, hina
patha

highwayman, hina takla kahat hunkupa

hilarity, yukpa

hill; bokko, bunto, ibish, nanth, nanth foka,
onchaba

hill, high; nanih chaha, unchaba chaha

hill, large; wnchaba

hill, made into a; bunto

hill, round; nanih bunto, okfichoha, yakni
bunto

hill, small; ok/fichoha

hill, small round and long; bdilankti

hill, to; ibish ikbi

hill corn, to; apolichi, hopochi

hill country, yakni nanth foka

hill up, to; apullichi, buntochi

hillock, bokko

hillock, small; bokkushi

hillside, nanih chakpaka

hilly, being; bokko, kilhkiki, nanih foka,
unchaba foka

hilly region, wnchaba foka

hilt; ahalalli, ahokli, aiulhpi,
falaia aiulhpi

him; a”, i”, ilap, ilapoma, im, in, yamma,
yammak ash, yammak ashon

him also, yammak ma

himself; ilap, ilap akinli, ilap fena,
ilapat, ilapinli, ilapo, ilaposh, ilappak

himself, to; ila

hind; okbal, ulbalaka

hind, a; isi humma tek

hind legs, obala

hinder, okbal

hinder, to; ataklammi, ataklammichi, atak-
lamoli, ataklokami, atapachi, imalami,
olabechi, olabbechi, olabbi

hinder, to cause to; imalammichi

hindered; ataklama, ataklamoa

hinderer; ataklammi, ataklammichi, atak-
lamoti, ataklamotichi, hatak nan olabechi

hindmost, isht aiopi

hindrance; ataklama, ataklammi,
ataklama, nan isht takalama

hindrances, to cause; ataklamotichi

hindward, aka

bashpo

isht

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

471

hinge; atakali, isht takali, isht takoti

hinge, to; atakali hilechi

hip; iyubbachosha, tyubi achoshoa, tyubi
achoshuli

hip joint; iywbi achoshoa, iyubi achoshuli,
obachoshuli

hipped, iyi kinata

hipped leg; iyi kinafa, iyi kinati

hire, alhtoba

hire, to; atohno, atonho, tohno, tohnochi,
tonhochi

hire out, to; pota

hired; alhtohno, ilhtohno

hireling; alhtohno, hatak na pilesa, hatak
tonksali, ithtohno, nam pilesa

hirer; atohno, atonho, nam pota, nan
tohno, tohno

his; aiimmi, 1”, ilap, ilapo, im, imi, immi,
in, yamma

his excellency, mivko

his honor, mi”ko

his kind, aiimmi

his own; ilap immi, ilap in, immi

hit, isso

hit, to; abotichi, bati, boli, isso

hit and glance, to cause to; tibinllichi

hit off, to; tiballi

hitch, to; atakchechi, isso, kanali, taka-
lechi, takala

hitched, atalakchi

hitched to, atakali

hither; ilappa, ilappak

hitherto, beka

hive bees, to; joe bilishke inchuka
fohki

hived, foe bilishke inchuka foka

hoar, tohbi

hoard, to; achukmat boli

hoariness, tohbi

hoarse; itakha chinto, itukshila, kalan-
chah, nukshammi, nukshikiffi, nukshila,
okshammi

hoarseness; nukshikiffi, okshammi

hoarseness, to cause; nukshammichi,
nukshilachi, okshammichi

hoary, tohbi

hoax, lushka

hobble; isuba iyi isht talakchi, iyi isht in-
talakchi

hobble, to; iyintakchi, shaiksheli, takchi '

hobbled, iyintalakchi

hobby; aiasittia, isuba

hobgoblin; abitampa, chuka ishi kanchak

hobnail, chufak nushkobo chito

472 BUREAU

hock; iyi kalankshish, iyinchampko font
dyubi

hock, to; iyi” kalavkshish tabli

hod, asholi

hoe, chahe

hoe, to; leli, okchah

hoe corn, to; hopochi

hoe handle, chahapi

hoe up, to; apetichi

hoed; lia, okchaha

hoer, okchali

hog; koshu, shukha

hog, small; shukha chanla

hog, the side pieces of a; shukha pasa

hog house, shukha inchuka

hog sty, shukha inchuka

hog trough, shukha avimpa

hog yard, shukha ihollihta

hogpen, shukha ihollihta

hogshead, italhfoa chito

hoist, to; aba isht ia

hold; halanli, ishi

hold!, kia

hold, to; avli, asinta, alhto, eshi, halati,
halalli, hikia, ishi, i%shi, oktabli, shiyuli

hold, to have a strong; yicheli

hold as a prisoner, to; yukachi

hold fast, to; bochubli

hold in the mouth, to; kapali

hold once, to; halakli

hold out, to; achebachi

hold out to view, to; wali, weli

hold the ears forward, to; akkashaloli

hold the head down, to; yuhchonoli

hold under the arm, to; kifanali

hold up, to; auola

hold up to view, to; waloli

holder; halanli, halalli, ishi, isht ishi

holding, ishi

holding up, auola

hole; chiluk, chilukoa, chuluk, fichukbi,
hichukbi, hochukbi, itopa, kolokbi, tuna,
tukafa, tukati, turkachi, tumpa, tanampo
ittopa, yakni chiluk

hole, auger; afotoha

hole, to; chiluk chukoa, chiluk ikbi, tuka-
tichi, tukaffi

hole, to enter a ;chiluk chukoa

hole, to make a; chiluk tkbi

hole of the ear, haksobish chiluk

hole in a rock, tali chiluk

hole in the ground, yakni chiluk

hole or house of a crawfish, shakchi
inchuka

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

holes, full of; shilunkachi

holland, ponokallo

hollow; chiluk, chilukoa, haksi, kofusa

holiow, a; chiluk, kofussa, kolokbi, yakni
chiluk

hollow, to; kolokbichi

hollowed; kofusa, kofussa, kolokobi

hollow-eyed; okshilonli; oksholoni

hollowhearted, ali

hollowness; a”li, chiluk, haksi, kolokbi

hollowness of the eyes, okshilonli

holly tree, iti hishi halupa

hollyhock, haiyurkpulo

holster, tanamp puskus ivshukcha

holy; aiarlti achukma, aiyoshoba_ iksho,
churkash yohbi, holitopa

holy; aiyoshoba iksho, holitompa, holitopa

holy day; nitak hollo, nitak ilaualli

holy-minded man, hatak imanuk/fila
holitopa

holy one, aba holitopa

holy seat, aonbinili holitopa

homage, to; aiokpachi, holitoblit aiok-
pachi

home; aiilli, chuka, inchuka, yakni

home, to be or sit at; chuka a”sha

home-born, yakni

home-bred, chu”ka ansha

homely; aiukli keyu, pisa aiukli keyu

homemade, chuka akinli atoba

homesick; chuka impalata, palata

homesick, to cause to be; palatachi

homesickness; chuka impalata, palata

homespun, chuka akinli ashana

homestead, chuka osapa

homeward; chuka pila, chukimma

homicide, hatak abi

homily, aba anumpa isht ika

hominy; ta”fula, tanlubo

hominy salt, hapi lakchi

hone; isht halupalli, isht shuahchi

hone, razor; nutakhisht sharfa ahalapu-
chi, nutakhisht shanfa ashuahchi

hone, to; sholichi

honed, shuahchi

honest; achukma, anti, apissanli, alhpesa,
kostint

honest heart, chu”kash anti

honey; champuli, foe, foe bila

honey, bumblebee’s; o”sini bila

honey, to; champulachi

honey, wild; foe bila iti a™sha

honeybee, foe bilishke

honeycomb; joe bila hakshup, foe nia

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY

honeydew, fichak champuli

honeysuckle, wild; okshulba

honor; aholitopa, chitokaka, holitopa

honor, to; aiokpachi, holitobli

honorable, holitopa

honored, holitopa

honorer, holitobli

honorless, holitopa

hood; hoshontika, iatipa

hood, to; ialipeli, iatipelichi, wmpohomo

hooded; ialipa, umpoholmo

hoof; iyakchush, iyi

hoof of a horse, iswba iyakchush

hook; atakali, atakoli, chawana, china-
chubi, chinakbi, hashuk <isht bashli,
tanakbi, tali chanakbi

hook, iron; tali chanakbi

hook, to; atakchechi, chinakbichi, tanak-
bichi, tanantobichi, tali chanakbi isht
halalli

hook, to make a; chinakbichi

hook and jab, to; bati

hook up, to; okhawi

hooked; chinachubi, chinakbi, takali, ta-
nakbi

hooked, to make; tanakbichi

hoop; italhfoa isht talakchi, itt potoma

hoop, lady’s; woholachi

hoop, to; italhfoa takchi

hooped; alhfoa, italhfoa talakchi

hooper; italhfoa ikbi, italhfoa takchi

hoot, to; ola

hop; atonli, hanahchi, tolupli

hop, to; atonli, atulli, hanahchi, hita,
tolupli

hop and flit, to; chachachi

hope, to; ahni

hopper; atonli, hanahchi

horizon, apisaka ati

horn; isht punfa, lapish

horn, cow’s; wak lapish

horner, isht pu®folachi

hornet; fohkul, pohkul

horrible, okpulo

horrid, okpulo

horror; nipi wannichi, nukshopat ali

horse, isuba

horse, handsome; isuba ilafia

horse, roan; isuba bokboki

horse, small; iswba iskitini

horse bell, isuba inuchi

horse breaker, iswbha kostininchi

horse collar, iswhavinuchi

horse dealer, iswba kanchi

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 473

horse ford, isuba akucha, isuba alopulli

horse hobble, isuba iyi isht talakchi

horse mill, iswba tanchi fotoli

horse pass; isuwba akucha, isuba atopulli

horse pasture, iswba aiimpa

horse race, isuba itintimia

horse range; isuba aiimpa, isuba avita-
nowa

horse team, iswba hioli achafa

horse thief, isuba hurkupa

horse trader, isuba itatoba

horse trough, isuba aiimpa pent

horseback; isuba nali, isuba omanilr

horsefly, olana

horsefly, big; ofana chito

horsefly, green; olana okchamali

horsehair, iswba hishi

horseleech, yalu”s chito

horseload, isuba shali achafa

horseman, isuba omanili

horsemint, shinuktiteli

horseshoe; iswba imshulush, isuba iyi tali
lapali

horseshoer, iswba wyi tali iyi lapalichi

horseway, isuba ihina

horsewhip, isuba isht fama

hose; iyubi huski, obala foka

hosier, iyubi huski kanchi

hosiery, iyubi huski

hospitable man, hatak inkana achukma

host; albina, bina, chuka afoha hatak, laua,
tashka chipota

hostage, yukachit halanli

hostess, chukafoha ohoyo

hostile, tanampi

hostility; itintanampi, tanampi

hosts, tashka chipota

hot; alohbi, atohbi,
nukshikanli, palli

hot, scalding; lashpa fehna

hot, to cause to be; alolichr

hot-brained man, hatak nukoa shali

hotel; chuka afoha, chuka anusi

hothouse; alaksha, anutka lashpa

hotness, lashpa

hotspur, hatak nukoa shati

hound, ofi haksobish falaia

hound, to; ofi isht tioli

hour; hashi kanalli, hashi kanalli alhpisa,
hashi kanalli isht alhpisa

house; aboha, aboha mismiki, chuka,
chuka achafa, chukachafa, hatak chuka
achafa, inchuka, isht atiaka

house, bone; tashka chuka

lashpa, nuklibisha,

474

house, charnel; tashka chuka

house, Indian; hatak api humma inchuka

house, king’s; mi”ko inchuka

house, old-fashioned; chukapishia

house, single; apelichika

house, small; chukushi

house, to; chuka, chuka chukoa, chuka
*foki, homo

house door, chukokhisa

house field, chuka osapa

house lock, chukashana

house raising, chuka itabanni

housed; chuka foka, holmo

household; chuka achafa, chukachafa, ha-
tak chuka achafa

household stuff, aboha nan chukushpa

householder; chukachafa peticheka, chu-
kachafa petichi

housekeeper; chukachafa peticheka, chu-
kachafa petichi, vtinchuka

housewife, ohoyo chuka petichi

housewright, chukikbi

housing; aboha, chuka

housing (for a horse), iswha umpatalhpo
ottipa nan tanna

hover, to; awiachi, lopohachi

how; hacha, katimichi, katiohmi, katiohmi
hon

how is it?; katiohmi, nantihma

how many?; kanohmi, katohmi

howbeit, yohmi kia

however; amba, kaniohmi kia

howitzer, tanamp chito

howl, woha

howl, to; itabi, woha, wohwoha, wohwah,
wowoha, yaiya

howsoever, kanohmi kia

hubbub, shakapa

huckster, nan chokushpa itatoba

huddle; itanaha, itapaiyata, lokussa

huddle, to; itahoba, itanaha, itapaiyali,
lokussa, lokussalli, lukoli, turshpalr

huddled; lokussa, lukoli

huddler, itapaiyalr

huffy, nukoa

hug, to; sholi

huge; chito, hocheto, ishto

hull, hakshup

hull, to; pishuffi

hull corn, to; shibbi

hulled, pishofa

hulloa, ale

hum; kinihachi, kininiachi, shinihachi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hum, to; kinihachi, komohachi, lohmat
taloa, lumat taloa, shinihachi, timihachi

human, hatak isht ahalaia

human race or species, hatak isht atia

humane; kana, nukhanklo

humanity; hatak ivkana, hatak okla

humble; akalusi, akanli, hopoksia, il-
basha, nukhatklo

humble, to; akanli, akanlusechi, chu-
kash akkalusechi, hofayati, imaiyachi,
kobaffi, kostininchi, nukhanklochi

humblebee, imosini

humbled; akatlusi, chutkash akkanlusi,
ilbasha, kostini, nukhanklo

humbler; akanlusichi, kobaffi

humid; oktohbichi, shummi

humidity; oktohbi, shummi

humility, chu™kash akkalusi

hummingbird, tikurklo

hummock, bokko

humor, avimalhpesa

humor, a; lachowa

humor, to; alhpesachi

humorist, hatak yopula

hump; kobuna, kobunoa, kofuna, ko-
JSunoha

humpback, kofuna

humpbacked; kobuna, kofuna, koshuna

humped; kofuna, kofunoha, tobbona

‘‘humph,’’ to say; humpah

hunch; kofuna, tobli

hunch, to; tobli

hundred, tatepa

hundred, one; tatepa achafa

hundred times, talepaha

hundredth, isht talepa

hung; nuksita, nuksitinfa, nuksitoha, ta-
kali, takott

hung by the neck, nukshininfa

hung up; atakali, atakoli, aba
tikelt

hunger; hochaffo, hopoa

hunger, to; hochaffo, hopoa

hungry; hochaffo, hopoa

hunks, hatak nan iholitopa

hunt; aiowa, hoyo, owa

hunt, to; aiowa, hoyo, tlhpapa, owetta,
silhhi

hunt beforehand, to; tikbali

hunter; hatak illi achopa, hoyo, ilhpapa,
ist abi, na hoyo, owatta, silhhi

hunting expedition, owa

hunting frock, ilefaka patafa

takali,

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY

hunting ground, aiowata

huntress, ohoyo owatta

huntsman, hatak owatta

hurl, to; fahammi, kanchi

hurler, fahammi

hurricane, apeli

hurried; anukwarya, aturshpa, palhki

hurry, to; anukwatya, anukwaryachi,
ashalinkachi, atu”shpa, atushpachi, che-
kichi, palhkichi, tutshpalechi, turshpali,
turshpachi

hurt; afetapa, bita, fahama, hotupa, ok-
pulo

hurt, a; hotupa, okpulo

hurt, to; bashli, biti, chanli, hotupachi,
hotupali, ibatepa, okpant

hurter; hotupali, okpani

hurtful, okpulo

husband; achuka, a”hatak, hatak, imha-
tak, ilauet anya, itinchukali, ohoyo iha-
tak

husband, to; ilatomba

husbandman; osapa isht atta, osapa tok-
sali

husbandry; osapa isht atta, osapa toksali

hush; chulosa, issa, lumat ansha, samanta

hush, to; chulosachi, issa

hush money, isht haksichi

hushed, chulosa

husk; hakshup, lufa

husk, to; lui, lula

husked; /Jujfa, luha

husker, /w/fi

huskiness; pahshala, shila

husky; pahshala, shila

hussar, isuba omanili tashka

hussy, ohoyo haksi

hut; aboha iskitini, abohushi, chukushi

hut, to; chukushi abelt

hydrophobia, holilabi

hymn; ataloa, aba taloa, alhtaloa, alh-
talwak

hymn, to; taloa

hymn, to make a; taloa ikbi

hymn book, holisso ataloa

hymned, talwa

hypochondriac; chu"kash iknakno, nakni

hypocrisy; ilahobbi, nan ilahobbi

hypocrite; aba anumpuli ilahobbi, ila-
hobbi, nan ilahobbi

I; am, am, an, ano, la, le, li, lin, lin, lint,
lish, lishke, sa, san, sam, si, sia
ibex, isi kosoma nukshopa

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 475

ice, okti

icicle; okchanawisha, okti

iciness; kapassa, okti chito

icy; kapassa, okti, okti laua

idea, imanuk/fila”

ideal, imanukfila

identical, mih

identified, atokowa

identify, to; atokoli, ibafoki

idiocy, wmanukfila iksho

idiot; imanukfila iksho, imanukfila iksho
avimoma

idiotic, imanuk/fila iksho

idle; ahoba, alhpesa, intakobi, toksali

idle, to; toksali

idle talk, atuklakafa

idleness; intakobi, toksali

idler, hatak intakobi

idol, Chihowa hobachi

idolater, Chihowa hobachit ikbit aiokpachi

if; hokma, ikma, kma, ok

if haply, mak

if itis not so, keyuhokmat

if it may be, yobakma

if it shall; hokma, yobakma

if not, keyukma

if so be, yohmi hokmat

ignis fatuus, luak palali

ignite, to; lua, luachi

ignited, lua

ignition; /ua, luachi

ignoble, makali

ignominious, makali

ignoramus; imanukfilaiksho, nanikhana,
nan ikithano

ignorance, ikhana

ignorant; ikhana, imanukfila iksho, nan
ikithano

ignorant man, hatak nan ikithano

ignorantly, ikithano

ill; abeka, achukma, alhpesa, nukoa, ok-
pulo, yoshoba

ill, an; ishkanapa

ill-bred, hopoksia

ill-breeding, hopoyuksa

ill-nature; anukchaha, halba”sha iksho,
nukoa

ill-nature, to cause; anukchahachi

ill-natured; anukchaha, halhpa®sha iksho,
nukoa

ill-will; halba”sha iksho, nukkilli, nukoa

illegal, alhpesa

illegible, pisahe keyu

illegitimate; alla inki iksho, inki tksho

476

illegitimate, an; alla inki iksho

illiberal, i”hollo

illicit, alhpesa

illiterate, holisso ithana

illness; abeka, ilbasha, yoshoba

illume, to; imanukfila tohwikelichi, toh-
wiketicht

illuminate, to; imanukfila tohwikelichi,
tohwiketicht

illuminated, tohwikeli

illumination, tohwikelichi

illuminator, tohwikelichi

illumine, to; imanukfila tohwikelichi, toh-
wiketicht

illusion, ahoba

illustrate, to; haiakachi, holitoblicha

illustrated; haiaka, holitopa

illustrious; anoa, holitopa

image; aholba, holba

image, to; anukfillit hobacha

image of a man, hatak holba

imagination, imanuk/fila

imagine, to; anukfilli, anukfillit hobachi

imbank, to; sakti ikbi

imbecile; kota, liposhi

imbibe, to; ishi, ishko, nukfoka

imbrue, to; Jachali

imbrued, lacha

imitate, to; ahobachi, hobachi, holbacht

imitated, holba

imitation; hobachi, holba, na holba

imitator; hobachi, hobachit ikbi

immaculate; a”ti, kashofa

immaterial; na fehna keyu, nana fehna
keyu

immature; aiona, nuna, tushpa

immeasurable; ataha iksho, alhpesa

immediate, chekusi

immediately; ashalivka, cheki, chekusi,
himonasi, mih, tu%shpa, yakosi ititakla

immemorial, aiithanaka misha
immense; ataha iksho, chito, hocheto,
ishto

immensity, ataha iksho

immerge, to; oklobushlichi
immerse, to; oklobushlichi, oklubbichi
immersed; oklobushli, oklubbi
immersion; oklobushli, oklobushlichi
immigrant, wihat ala

immigrate, to; wihat ala
imminent; bilinka, takanli
immoderate, atapa
immoderately, atapa

immodest; hofah iksho, kostini

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

immolate, to; Chihowa aiokpachi

immoral; haksi, okpulo, yoshoba

immortal; ataha iksho, illahe keyu

immortalize, to; illahe keyu ikbi, issahe
keyu tkbi

immovable; kanallahe keyu, kanallichahe
keyu, shanatiahe keyu, shanahe keyu

immovably, shanaiahe keyu

immure, to; aboha kallo foki, holihtacha

immured, aboha kallo foka

immutability, shanaiahe keyu

immutable; kanallahe keyu, kanallichahe
keyu, shanaiahe keyu

imp; shilombish okpulo, ushi

impair, to; aiyabechi

impaired, aiyabbi

impalpable, lapushki

imparity, itilaui

impart, to; ima, ipeta

impart knowledge, to; anukfohkicht

impartial, kanimachi

impartiality, kanimachi

impassable, lopullahe keyu

impassionate, nuklibishakachi

impassioned, nuklibishakachi

impatience, nuktala

impatient; afekommi, affekomi, nuktanla
iksho, nuktala

impeach, to; anumpa onuchi

impeachable, anwmpa onucha hinla

impeached, anumpa onutula

impeachment; anumpa onuchi, anumpa
onutula

impeccable, yoshobahe keyu

impede, to; ataklammi, salahachi

impediment; anuktuklo, ataklama, atak-
lammi, nan isht takalama

impel, to; tachi, tikbiachi

impend, to; waiya

impenetrable, chukowahe keyu

impenitent, yoshobatokkia
keyu

(imperative), ashke

imperfect; alhtaha, ona

imperishable, toshbahe keyu

impertinent; ahalaia, inla
ahalaia

impetuous; okpulo, palhki

impiety; Chihowa ikimantio,
inyimmi keyu, yoshoba

impious, Chihowa ikimantio

implacable; kostinahe keyu,
keyu

implement, isht tonksali

nukharklo

immi kia

Chihowa

nuktalahe

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY OF

implore, to; asilhha, asilhhachi

implorer; asilhha, asilhhachi

impolite, hopoksia

impolitic, hopoksia

import, to; miha

importance, nana fehna

important, nana fehna

importune, to; asilhha, ilbasha

impose, to; haksichi, onochi, pakamoti

imposed; apakama, onutula, pakama

imposition, ibbak onuchi

impossible; heto, nan ihma heto, nantih
maheto, yohma himma keyu

impostor, hatak haksichi

impotency; hopoa, ilbasha, imomokpulo

impoverish, to; i/bashachi, ilbashalechi

impoverished, ilbasha

impracticable; yamichahe keyu, yamoh-
mahe keyu

imprecate, to; ahni

impregnate, to; yammichi

impregnated, yammi

impress, inchuwa

impress, to; inchunli

impression; imanukjila, inchurwa

impressive, chu”kash ishahinla

imprint, to; inchunli

imprison, to; aboha kallo foki, yukachi

imprisoned; aboha kalilo foka, yuka

imprisoner, aboha kallo foki

imprisonment, aboha kallo foka

improbable, yomahe ahoba keyu

improbably, tokomi

improper, alhpesa

impropriety, alhpesa

improve, to; achchukmali, achukmalechi,
achukmat ishaht isht ta, aiskia, aiskiachi,
hochukmali, tkhana, kanihmi

improve opportunity, to; kaniohmichi

improved; achukma, imponna

improver, achukmali

improvement; ikhana, imponna

imprudence, hopoyuksa

imprudent, hopoksia

impudent; hofah iksho, ichapa, ichapoa,
isht afekommi

impudent man, hatak afikommi

impure; haksi, kashofa, liteha, okpulo

impurity; kashofa, liteha, okpulo

impute, to; onochi

imputed, onutula

in; a, a, ai, aialhto, anutka, foka, i, pilla

in a moment, himonali

THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE ATT

in a short time; ashalint, hopakikma,
hopakikmako

in advance tikbali

in company with, iba

in doubt, anuktuklo

in front, tikba

in haste, ashalivka

in particular, ak

in person, ilap fena

in season, nita”ki

in some degree, chohmi

in that place, a

in that time, /okakash

in the least degree, kamomi

in the meanwhile, aiitintakla

in the rear, a”shaka

in the sight of, tikba

in the smallest amount, kamomz1

in the way, ta™kla

in them, okla ilappakon

in this direction; i/appa pila, olehma

in this place, ilappak

in time, nitarki

in truth, a”lit

in vain, keyut

in whom, ilappak

inability; isht ikono, kallo keyu, lauecha
kat kono

inaccessible, ona

inaccurate; atti, ashachi

inaction, ilhkoli keyu

inadequate, lawechi

inadmissible; alhpesa, ishahe keyu

inanimate, nan okchaya keyu

inattentive, aiokpanchi keyu

inaugurate, to; hilechi

incalculable, holhtinahe keyu

incapable; yamichahe keyu, yohmahe keyu

incarcerate, to; aboha kallo foki

incarcerated, aboha kallo foka

incarceration, aboha kallo foka

incarnate, haknip toba

incarnation, haknip toba

incase, to; itombi fohki

incased, itombi fohka

incautious, ahah ahni

incendiary, an; chuka hukmi, hukmi

incendiary (one who inflames the
minds of people), an; achowa

incense; balama, na balama

incense, to; nukoachi

incense (scatter incense on), to; bala-
machechi

478 BUREAU

incensed, nukoa

incessant, bilia

inch, ibbak ishki patta achafa

incipient, ammona

incision; basha, bashli

incite, to; okchali, tohno

incited; nukpalli, okcha

incitement, nan isht nukpallichi

inclement, okpulo

inclination, ahni

incline, to; ahni, chiksanalli, imanukfila
shananchi

inclined to one side, chiksanali

inclose, to; apakfobli, fohki, holihtachi

inclosed; apakfopa, fohka, holihta

inclosure; aholihta, holihta

include, to; aieninchi, ishi

incombustible, luahe keyu

income, ibafoka

incommode, to; anwmpulechi, ataklammi

incompetent, ona

incomplete, alhtaha

incomprehensible, ikhanahe keyu

inconsiderate, ahah ahni

inconstant, shanaioa

incorporeal, haknip iksho

incorrect; a”ti, alhpesa, ona

incorrigible, kostinahe keyu

incorrupt, okpulo keyu

increase, ibafoka

increase, to; atoba, chitoli, hochetoli, ia,
inshaht ia, ishaht isht ia, imshali, laua,
lauachi, nan inlauachi, uncholol

increased, i”shali

incredible, yimmahe alhpesa

incrust, to; hakshup ikbi

incubate, to; alata, binili, takakanli

incubus, shimoha

incurable; alakofahe keyu, attahe keyu,
takoffahe keyu

incurvate, to; bikulli, tanakbichi, wai-
yacht

incurvated, tanakbi

indebted, aheka intakanli

indecent; chakapa, okpulo,
chukmo

indecisive, imanukfila laua

indeed; akal, awme, chukah, hato, mati,
ome, yamma

indemnify, to; aiskiachi

indent, to; lakolichi, lanlakechi

indented; lakofa, lakoli, lanlaki

indents, lakoti

independence, tlapunla

pisatka-

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

independent; ilapunla, inla anukcheto
keyu

india rubber, holisso isht kasho ffi

Indian; hatak, hatak api humma

Indian agent, na hollo holitopa

indicate, to; haiakach?

indict, to; anumpa kallo onuchi, anumpa
onuchi

indicted, anumpa onutula

indifferent, ahni

indigence, i/basha

indigent, ilbasha

indignant; isht ikimahno; nukkilli, nu-
koa

indignation; nukkilli, nukoa

indigo; nan isht okchakuchi, nan isht ok-
chamalicht

indirect; ali, apissali, okpulo

indiscreet, hopoksia

indispose, to; abekachi

indisposed; abeka, ahni

indisposition; abeka, ahni

indissoluble, bilahe keyu

indite, to; holissochi

indited, holisso

individual; achafa, hatak achafa, hatak
lumbo, nan achafa

individually, achafalit

indocile, nan ikhanahe keyu

indoctrinate, to; ikhananchi, imabachi

indoctrinated, ikhana

indolence, intakobi

indolent; intakobi, toksali

indoors, aboha

indue, to; fohkachi

indurate, to; hallo, kallochi

indurated, kallo

industrious, wokpachi

industry, aiokpachi

inebriate, to; haksi, haksichi

inebriated; haksi, oka haksi

inebriation; haksi, oka haksi

inebriety, haksi

ineffable, anoa tapa

ineffectual; a’ti, nan thmi keyu, ona

inefficient, ahoba

inequality, itilaui

inestimable; holhtinahe
atapa

inevitable; alakofuhe keyu,
keyu

inexcusable; mosholahe keyu,
amihahe tksho

inexorable, palammi

keyu, holitopa
apakfopahe

nan isht

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY
inexperience; ikhana, imomakat pisa
keyu

inexperienced; ikhana, imponna

inexpert, imponna

inextinguishable, mosholahe keyu

infallible, ashachahe keyu

infamous, nan okpulo anno

infancy, atta ammona

infant; allumsi, atta ammona, puskus

infant boy, chinshka keyu

infant girl, chinshka

infanticide, allonsabi

infantry, tashka chipota

infatuate, to; tasembochi

infatuated, tasembo

infatuation, tasembo

infect, to; abekachi, isht abekachi, okpani

infected; abeka, okpulo

infection; abeka, abeka haleli, isht abeka,
nana haleli

infection, to take; albonli

infectious, abeka haleli

inferior, /aue '

inferior, very; okpulosali

infernal; aiilbasha imma, shilombish ok-
pulo aiilbasha a%sha

infernal powers, shilombish okpulo

infernai spirit, shilombish okpulo aiil-
basha a%sha

infest, to; apistikeli

infidel; aba anumpa ikyimmo, aba anumpa
yimmi, yimme

infidelity, aba anumpa ikyimmo

infinite; aiali iksho, ataha iksho

infinity, ataha iksho

infirm; hallo, liposhi

infirmity; iksitopa, tiposhi

inflame, to; chiletalli, chilitachi, libbichi,
luachi, nukoa, nukoachi

inflamed; chilita, humma, lashpa, libbi,
lua, nukoa, oshanichi, pishpiki

inflamed with passion, chu”kash lua

inflammation; oshanichi, yanha foka

inflammation of the kidneys, haiyith-
chi hotupa

inflate, to; shatammichi

inflated, shatammi

inflexible, bikotahe keyu

inflict, to; onochi

inflicted, onutula

inflicter, onochi

infold, to; abonulli

infolded, aburkachi

OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

479

inform, to; anoli, haklochi, ikhananchi,
imabachi

informant; anoli, haklochi, nan anoli

information; anoa, ikhana

informed; anoa, ikhana

informer; anoli, anuwmpa onuchi, hatak
nan anoli, nan anoli

infringe, to; koba/fi

infringed, kobafa

infuriate, nukoa

infuriate, to; nukhobelachi, nukoachi

infuriated, nukhobela

infuse, to; ani

ingenious, imponna

ingenuity, imponna

ingenuous, /wmiksho

ingratitude, aiokpachi

inhabit, to; aiatta, aiokla, anta, atta

inhabitable, aiokla hinla

inhabitant; aiasha, aiatta, aiokla achafa,
hatak, okla

inhabitant, male; nakni tashka

inhabited, mokla

inhale, to; /iopa

inherit, to; ishi

inheritance, immi

inhibit, to; olabbi

inhume, to; hohpi

inimical, kana

inimitable, hobachahe keyu

iniquitous, yoshoba

iniquity; nan ikalhpeso, yoshoba

inject, to; bohpuli, fohki

injudicious, hopoksia

injunction, anumpa alhpisa

injure, to; hotwpachi, hotupali, ibatepa,
okpant

injure the feelings, to; bili

injure the heart, to; chu”kash okpani

injured; holtwpa, okpulo

injured, partially; toshboa

injurious; achukma, okpulo

injury; imokpulo, kanapa, nan okpulo

injury, accidental; a/etapa

injustice, alhpesa

ink, isht holissocha

ink, black; isht holissochi lusa

ink, red; isht holissochi humma

ink bottle, isht holissochi aialhto

ink maker, isht holissochi ikbi

inkhorn, isht holissochi aialhto

inkstand, isht holissochi aialhto

inland, yakni iklana pilla

480

inmate, ibaiatta

inmost, anu”kaka fehna

inn; aboha afoha, aboha avimpa, anusi,
chuka afoha, chuka anusi

inner; avurka, anukatka iklanna

innkeeper; chuka afoha hatak,
afoha whikia

innocence, aiokpulo iksho

innocency, aiokpulo iksho

innocent; atti, ashachi keyu, yoshoba
keyu

innovate, to; inlachi

innovation, inla

innovator, inlachi

innumerable; aholhtina iksho, holhtinahe
keyu

inoculate, to; ibbak ilumplit ikhinsh
Sokv

inoculated, ibbak inlumpat ikhinsh foka

inoffensive, okpulo isht irshat ia

inordinate, atapa

inquire, to; aponaklo, ponaklo

inquire after, to; hoyo, panaklo

inquirer; aponaklo, hoyo, nam ponaklo,
panaklo, ponaklo

inquiry, aponaklo

inquiry, mutual; itimponaklot ansha

inquisitive, aponaklo shali

insane, tasembo

insane, to render; tasembochi

insanity, tasembo

insatiable; anuktapa, anuktaptua, fiho-
pahe keyu

insatiate, jihopahe keyu

inscribe, to; holissochi

inscribed, holisso

inscription; holisso, oholisso

inscrutable; akostininchahe keyu, ikha-
nahe keyu

insect, shurshi

insect, a kind of; lanla

insecure, atukko

insensibility, imanukfila kapassa

insensible; churkash kapassa, ikhana,
imanukfila kapassa, shimoha

insert, to; achoshuli, ibafoki

inserted; achushkachi, achushoa

inside; aialhto, anunka

inside, the; anuwtka, anu”kaka

inside of the bend, poloma

inside of the earth, yakni anunkaka

inside out, to turn; anukfilema, anuk-
jilemoa, anukfilemoti, anukfilimmi,
anukpilifii, anukpiloti

chuka

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

inside out, turned; anukfilema, anuk-
jilemoa, anukpilefa, anukpiloa

insidious, haksi

insight, anu”kaka pisa

insignia, isht alhpisa

insignificant; ahoba, makali

insincere, a’li

insipid, ahoba

insolent; ilapunla, ilefehnachi

insolvent, aheka

inspect, to; pisa

inspection, pisa

inspector, pisa

inspiration; ilafiopa, nukfokichi

inspire, to; fiopa, nukfokechi, nukfoki

inspired; alhpu”fa, nukfoka

inspirit, to; okchali, yimintachi

inspirited; okcha, yimmita

inspissate, to; ashelachi

inspissated, ashela

install, to; binilichi, hilechi

installation, hilechi

installed, hikia

instance; himonna, nana yamohmi

instant; himak, tushpa

instant, an; yakosi witakla, yohmit itin-
takla

instantaneous, yakosi ititakla

instantly; himonali, himonasi, yakosi

instate, to; hilechi

instead, alhtoba

instep; iyi paknaka, iyi pata paknaka

instigate, to; itohnichi, tohno, tonhochi

instigated, ihtohno

instigation, itohnichi

instigator; itohnichi,
tohnochi, tohnochi

instinct, aiimalhpesa

institute, to; hilechi, ia

institution; anumpa alhpisa, alhpisa, ho-
lisso atithana 7

institutor; hilechi, holisso ithananchi, nan
apesa

instruct, to; ahobachi, anukfohkachechi,
apesa, tkhananchi, tkhananchi, imabachi,
imponnachi, miha, nukfokachi, pisacht

instruct before, to; tikbanli vmiha

instructed; albachi, ikhana, nan tkhana,
nukfoka

instruction; anumpa, ikhana, ikhananchi

instructions, to receive; anump imeshi

instructor, an; anukfokichi, hatak ima-
bachi, holisso ithananchi, holisso pisachi,
ikhananchi, nan ikhananchi, nan ima-
bachi, nana imabachi *

nan tohno, ann

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY

instructress, ohoyo holisso ithananchi

instrument; holisso, isht tovksali, isht
yammichi

instrument for winnowing grain,
ufko

insufferable; atapa fehna, palammi atapa

insufficient; Jawa, ona

insulate, to; naksika binilichi

insulated, naksika binili

insult, to; chu”kash hutupali, hotupali

insulted, chu"kash hutupa

insupportable, palammi atapa

insurrection; okla achafa itibi, tanampi

integrity; a”li, apissanli

integument, hakshup

intellect, imanuk/fila

intellectual, imanukfila avimma

intelligence; anumpa, ikhana

intelligent, ikhana

intelligible, ikhana hinla

intemperance, okishko

intemperate; atapa, hatak okishko atapa

intend, to; ahni, imanukfila

intendant, pelicheka

intense; atapa, fehna

intensely, to do; /ehna

intensity, hallo

intent; ahni, chilita, imanukfila

inter, to; hohpi

intercede, to; anumpuli

intercept, to; katapoli, katabli, oktabli

intercept, to cause to; katablichi

intercepted; katapa, oktapa

intercession; isht anumpa, isht anum-
pult

intercessor, isht anumpuli

interchange, ifatoba

interchange, to; itatoba

intercourse; ahalaia, itimahalaia

interdict, anumpa alhpisa

interest; ahalaia, alapanli, halaiya, isht
ahalaia

interest, object of; nan isht ahalaia

interest, to; ahalaia, anukpallichi, nuk-
pallichi

interest, to cause to bring; chelichi

interest, to feel; anukpalli

interest, to give or charge; alapalechi

interest, to have an; ahalaia

interest the mind, to; imanukfila ishi

interested; afetipa, ahalaia, anukpalli,
affetipa, halaiya, nukpalli

interested in, to be; aiahalaia, halaia

84339°—Bull, 46—15 31

OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

481

interfere, to; ataklammi, isso
interior; anutka, anu”kaka, iklanna
interment; hatak hopi, hohpi
intermingle, to; aiyummi
intermission, foha

intermit, to; issachi

intermix, to; aiywmmi
intermixed, aiywma

internal, anu”kaka

interpose, to; apela, olabbi
interpret, to; anumpa tosholi, alhtosholi
interpretation, anumpa toshoa
interpreted; anumpa toshoa, alhtoshoa
interpreter; anwmpa tosholi, tosholi
interred, hollopi

interrogate, to; ponaklo
interrogation; afoma, cho, ponaklo
interrupt, to; ataklammi
interrupted, ataklama
interruption; ataklama, ataklammi
intersect, to; aiyukhana, aiyukhanni
intersperse, to; jfimimi
interspersed, /imimpa

interstice; wakalali, wakla
interval; ititakla, patasachi
intervene, to; itintakla
intervention, itintakla

interview, itipesa

intestine, anutkaka

intestines, the; iskuna

intimate, fehna

intimate, an; kana

intimidate, to; nukshobli
intimidated, nukshopa

into, takla

intolerable; atapa, palammi atapa
intolerant, atapa

intonate, to; hiloha, ola, olachi
intoxicate, to; haksichi
intoxicated; haksi, oka haksi, shimoha
intoxication; haksi, oka haksi
intrepid, nukwia iksho

intrigue, haksichi

intrinsic; a’ti, anu”kaka, fehna
intrinsical, anu”kaka

introduce, to; ikhananchi
introducer, isht ala

introduction, isht ala

intrude, to; binili, tavkla binili
intruder; binili, tavkla binilr
intrusion, binili, tarkla binil
intrust, to; ibbak fohki

intrusted, ibbak fohka

482

intwine, to; apakshanni

intwined, apakshana

inundate, to; okchitochi, okchitoh

inundated, okchito

inundation; oka bikeli, okchito

inure, to; imomachi

inured, imoma

invade, to; chukoa, ibachukoa

invaded, ibachukoa

invader, ibachukoa

invalid, aksho

invalid, an; abeka shali, tiposhi

invalidate, to; kobaffi

invalidated, kobafa

invaluable, holitopa atapa

invariable; apissanli, shanaioa keyu

invasion, ibachukoa

invective, anumpa okpulo

inveigh, to; chakapa

invent, to; anukfilli

inventory, alhpoyak holisso

invert, to; atobbichi, lipeli

inverted; tipa, tipia

invest, to; fohkachi, hilechi, ima

invest another, to; shemachi

invested; fohka, shema

investigate, to; pisa

investigation, pisa

investigator, pisa

inveterate; kamassa, kallo, sipokni

invidious, nukkilli

invigorate, to; kallochi, nukoa, yimin-
tachi

invigorated; kallo, yimmita

invincible, imaiyahe keyu

invitation, asilhha

invite, to; asilhha, hoyo, nukpallichi

invited, aianowa

invocate, to; asilhha

invocation, asilhha

invoke, to; asilhha

involuntary, tlap ahni keyu

involve, to; afoli, ibafoki, wmpohomo

inward, anu”kaka

inwards, the; iffuka, iskuna

inwrap, to; abonulli, afoli

inwrapped, abunkachi

ipecacuanha, haiyu"kpulo ishkot hoita

irascible, nukoa shati

ire, nukoa

Ireland, Ailish yakni

iris, hinak bitepuli

Irish, Ailish

Irish people, Ailish okla

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY .

(BULL, 46

Irish potato, ahe lumbo

Irishman, Ailish hatak

irksome, ahchiba

irksomeness, ahchiba

iron, flat; tali patassa

iron, hard; tali kallo

iron, plug of; tali kolofa

iron, remnant of}; tali kolofa

iron, sad; tali patassa

iron, sheet; tali tapaski

iron, slender round piece of; tali fo-
bassa

iron, stump of; tali kolofa

iron, thin; tali tapaski

iron, to; ahammi

iron, twisted; tali shana

iron, welded; tali itachaka

iron band, tali fohoma

iron bolt, tali fobassa

iron button, ¢ali isht talakchi

iron chain, tali chosopa

iron hinge, talatakali

iron hook; talatakali, tali chinakbi, tali
tanakbi

iron hoop, tali fohoma

iron pin, tali fobassa

iron pot, wyasha

iron ring, tali chanaha

iron screw, tali shana

iron spindle, tali fobassa honula

iron spoon, talalhpi

iron wedge, tali isht pala

ironsmith, boli

ironwood; itukawiloha, iyanabi

irony, yopula

irradiate, to; shohmalalichi

irradiated, shohmalali

irradiation, shohmalali

irrational, imanukfila iksho

irreconcilable; alhpesa, hopotahe keyu,
itilauahe keyu, nan aiya

irrecoverable, falama

irredeemable; chumpahe keyu, takoffahe
keyu

irregular, itilawi iksho

irreligious, aba anumpa yimmi keyu

irreparable, aiskiahe keyu

irreproachable, anwmpa onutulahe keyu

irresistible; oktablahe keyu, tapahe keyu

irrigate, to; lachali

irrigated, lacha

irritable; ba”shkiksho, nukoa hinla, nu-
koa shalt

irritate, to; nukhobelachi, nukoachi

BYINGTON |

irritated, nukhobela

irruption, ibachukoa

is it now?, yammak on?

is it soP, yammak on?

is it that?, yammak on?

island; nanih tashaiyi, tashaiyi, talhkachi

isle, tashaiyt

isolate, to; naksika hilechi, naksikachi

Israelite, Chu hatak

issue, ushi

issue, an; kucha, wmbokafa

issue, to; fimmi, kucha, kuchi

issueless, ushi iksho

isthmus, yakni ikonlo

it; am, ak, hoh, i, ilappa, im, in, mth,
yamma, yammak oka

it is, oke

it is so; omiha, omishke

it is the, oke

it may be; hota, tokok, yoba

it might be, tokok

it must be so, yamohmahe alhpesa

it seems so, hota

itch, the; washko

itch, to; yauotichi

itch, to cause the; washkoli

itch, to have the; washkali

itching, yauolichi

iterate, to; albiteli

iteration, albiteli

itinerant, nowat fullokahanchi

itinerate, to; nowat fullokahanchi

its; ilap, immi, in

itself; ilap, ilap akinli, ilapo inhi, ilappak

itself, to; ila

ivory; aifoli, hatak lusa iyannash noti
isht wtibbi

ivy, talurwa

jab, baha

jab, to; bahaffi, bali

jabbed; baha, bahafa

jabber, labaha

jabber, to; labahachi

jabberer, labaha

jabbering, to keep; labahahanchi

jackass; isuba haksobish falaia nakni,
isuba nashoba nakni

jacket; ilefoka yushkololi, na foka kolukshi

jade; isuba liposhi, ohoyo makali

jade, to; liposhichi, tikabichi

jaded, tiposhi

jag, to; lakol

jagged, lakowa

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW: LANGUAGE

483

jags, lakonwa

jaguar, koi

jail, aboha kallo

jail, to; aboha kallo foki

jailor, aboha kallo apistikelt

jamb, asanali

jamb, to; ateblichi

jangle, itachoa

jangle, to; achowa

janitor, okhisa apistikeli

janizary, takish intashka chipota

January, Chanueli

jar; akolas, lukfi kotoba, palokachi

jar, to; palattokachi, palokachi, winna-
licha

jarred; palokachi, winnakachi

jaundice, abeka lakna

jaunt; nowat falama, nowat fullota

jaunt, to; nowat arya, nowat fullota

javelin, isht itibbi

jaw, nutakfa

jaw, to; nukoa

jawbone, nutakfa foni

jay, uirshkila

jealous; nuktata, potanno, pushahchih

jealous, to cause to be; potunnuchi

jealousy; nuktata, potanno

jealousy, to excite; nuktalali

jeer, to; hobachi, isht yopula, yopula

Jehovah, Chihowa

Jehovah Father, [ki Chihowa

jejune, ahoba

jelly, walahachi

jenny, ponol ashana chito

jeopard, to; ishkanapachi

jerk, halati

jerk, to; halakli, halati, halalli

jerker, halali

jerkin, na foka kolukshi

jerks, the; shimoha

jerks, to bring on the; shimohachi

jerks, to have the; shimoha

Jerusalem; Chelusalim, Chilusalim

Jerusalem people, Chilusalim okla

Jerusalemite, Chilusalim hatak

jest, yopula

jest, to; atuklakafa, isht uktakafa, lushka,
yopula

jester; hatak yopula, yopula

Jesus, Chisas

Jesus Christ; alhtoka, Chisas Kilaist

jet, lusa

Jew; Chu, Chu hatak

jewel, haksobish takali

484

jeweler, haksobish takalikbi

jewelry, haksobish takali

Jewess, Chu ohoyo

Jewish, Chu

Jewish nation or people, Chu okla

Jewish synagogue, Chu okla imaboha-
hanta

Jewish temple, Chu okla imabohahanta

jewsharp, taluskula

jig, tuklohita

jig, to; tuklohitahita

jingle; ola, samahachi

jingle, to; ola, olachi, samahachechi, sa-
mahachi

jingler, olachi

job, torksali

jobber, toksali

jockey, isuba itatoba

jocose; atuklakafa, ituklakafa, yopula

jocular; yopula, yopula shali

jocund, yukpa

jog, a; chikitha, tobli

jog, to; chikinha, tobli

jog on, to; salahat anya

jogger; salahat arya, tobli

joggle, to; winnalichi

joggled, winnakachi

join, to cause one to; ibafokichi

join together, to; acha"ka, achakalechi,
achakah, afama, apeha, asitia, auayda,
auayach, aba anumpult ibafoka, aba
anumpuli ibafoki, halalli, halallichi,
ibafoka, ibafoki, ibalhkaha

joined; achaka, halalli, ibafoka

joiner; chukikbi, iti shan/i

joiner’s bench, iti ashanfa

joiner’s horse, iti ashanfa

joint; achakli, aiitachaka, ibafoka,
chaka, itachakachi, naksish, tilokachi

joint, at the; takofa

joint, to; nibli, nipaffi

joint, to get out of; talofa

jointed; nipa, nipali

joist; bachali, iti bachoha

joke; atuklakafa, lushka, yopula

joke, to; atuktlakafa, isht oklushi, ituk-
takafa, lushka, lushkachi, yopula

joker; hatak yopula, isht yopula, itukta-
kafa, lushka, nan lushka, yopula

joker, a great; hatak yopula shalt

joking, ituklakafa

jolly, yukpa shali

jolt, winnakachi

jolt, to; winnalichi

ita-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 46

jolted, winnakachi

jolter, winnalicht

jostle, to; isso, tobli

jot, iskitinisi

jounce, to; winnalichi

jounced, winnakachi

journal, nitak moma holisso

journey; nowa, nowat arya

journey, to; akkahikat anya,
nowa, nowat arya

jovial, yopula shati

jowl, nutakfa

joy; aiyukpa, ayukpa, na yukpa, na yuk-
pali, yukpa

joy, to; yukpa, yukpalechi, yukpali

joyed, yukpa

joyful, yukpa

joyful heart, chu"kash yukpa

joyful man, na yukpa

joyous, yukpa

Judea, Chu yakni

judge; apesa, hatak nan apesa, nan apesa

judge, to; anuk/filli, apesa, mihachi

‘judged; alhpesa, alhpisa

judgment; anumpa alhpisa, alhpisa,
imanukfila, nan alhpisa, nan alhpisa
chinto

judgment, day of; nan alhpisa nitak,
nitak nana alhpisa chito

judgment, place of; aiapesa

judgment seat, abinilit nan apesa

judicious, hopoksia

jug; akuhish, lukfi kotoba, yaklash

jug, earthen; yakolush

juggle, to; isht ahollo ilahobi, haksichi,
yopisa, yopisachi

juggler; haksichi, isht ahollo ilahobi

jugular vein, issish i"hina chito tkonla
bachaya

juice, okchi

juicy; okchilaua, waloncht

July, Chula

jumble, to; aiyokomi

jumbled, aiyokoma

jump; malli, tolupli

jump, to; abanabli, hatonchi,
hatulli, malli, tolupli, tulli

jump, to cause to; hatullichi, toluplichi

jump over, to; atanapoa, atanapoli

jump over, to cause to; atanapolechi

jumper; hatonchi, hatonli, hatulli, malli,
tolupli

junction; aiitafama, aiitibafoka, avitise-
tali, itibafoka

ibaianya,

hatonli,

BYINGTON ]

junction of creeks or streams; aseti-
lechi, bok aiitisetili, bok ttahnoli

June, Chuni

junior; i”himmak, nakfish

just; aianti, arti, alhpesa, ba, bilinka,
himona, peh

just, the; hopoyuksa

just grown, himona hofanti

just now, himonasi

just raised, himona hofanti

justice, aianti

justifiable, alhpesa

justification; alhpisa, kashofa

justified; aialhpiesa, alhpesa, kashofa

justifier; apepoa, alhpesachi, kashoffi

justify, to; achchukmali, alhpesachi, ka-
sho ffi

justly, alhpesa

jut, to; kucha takanli

kaw, ola

keen; achunanchi,
lupoa

keen eye, nishkin halupa

keenness; chilita, halupa

keep, to; halalli, holitobli, ilhpitachi,
imansha, ishi, ishi, petichi

keep a jail, to; aboha kallo apistikeli

keep back, to; ishi

keep company, to; ahinna

keep holy, to; holitobli

keep house at, to; achuka

keep on, to; maya

keep still; lwmat a”sha, samanta

keeper; aboha kallo apistikeli, apesachi,
imhikia, imansha

keg; italhfoa, italhfoushi

keg of powder, hituk aialhto

ken, apisati

ken, to; pisa

kennel; nam poa inchuka, ofanusi, ofi in-
chuka

kennel, to; a”sha, nusi

kentle, weki talepa achafa

Kentucky, Uski anu”ka

kept, imalama

kerchief, nantapaski iatipa

kernel; nihi, nipi, uksak nipi

kernel, coffee; kafi nihi

kettle; asonak, iyashushi, mahaia, shuti,
shuti ansha

kettle, iron; shuti iyasha

kettle bail, asonak atakali

key, isht tiwa

chilita, halupa, ha-

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

485

keyhole, isht tiwa chiluk

kick, habli

kick, to; habli, hati, washana

kicked, hala

kicker, habli

kid, isi kosomushi

kid, to; cheli, isi kosomushichelr

kidnap, to; hatak hurkupa

kidnaper, hatak hukupa

kidney meat, haiyi"hchi nipi

kidneys, haiyithchi

kill, to; abi, abi, abit tati, ebi, hatak abit
tati, illichi, ishbi, talr

kill birds, to; hush abi

kill by lightning, to; hiloha abi

kill in water, to; okokabi

kill timber, to; iti chant abi

kill with rust, to; alaknabi

killdee, okchums

killed by lightning, hiloha abi

killer; abi, nan abi

killing, abi

kiln, aio”shobolichi

kiln, board; iti basha ashila

kiln, brick; lukfanuna

kin, wtirkanomi

kind; achukma, halhpansha, imoklaya, kana

kind, a; aiachafa, kaniohmi

kind-hearted, iti”kana

kindle, to; lua, oti

kindled; libbi, lua, oti, ulhti

kindling wood, oft

kindness; hatak ivkana, halhpa”sha, kana

kindred; hatak itkanohmi, holba, itirka-
nomi, kanomaz

kine; wak, wak tek

kine, young; wak tek himmeta

king, mi”ko

king of heaven, aba minko

kingdom; apetichi, apetichika, minko ape-
ltechika afullota, mitko apetichi, minko
apetiechika, petichika, yakni

kingdom of heaven, aba apelichika

kingdom of Jehovah, Chihowa apitie-
chika

kingless, miko ikimiksho

kingly; mivko, ahalaia, miko chohmi

king’s evil, chilanli

king’s evil, to cause the; chilanlichi

kink, shana

kink, to; shana

kinked, shana

kinsfolk; itinkanomi, kanomi

kinsman, avisht atiaka

486

kiss, to; impunsa, impu™spoa, imsunk-
sowa, surksowa

kitchen; aboha ahoponi, ahoponi

kitchen maid, ohoyo hoponi

knab, to; kobli

knack, imponna

knag; filamminchi, pimkshi

knapsack, bahta

knave, hatak haksi

knavery, haksichi

knavish; haksa hinla, haksichi shat

knead, to; yamaska, yamasli

knead in, to; ayamasli

kneaded, yammaska

kneading tray or trough; ayamaska,
paska ayamaska

knee, iyi” kalaha

knee, cypress; shankolo itibbi

knee deep, iyi” kalaha ali

kneecap, iyi” kalaha wishakchi

knee-high, iyi” kalaha ali

knee-joint, iyi” kalaha itachakalli

kneepan; iyi” kalaha, iyit kalaha wi-
shakchi

kneel, to; hachukbilhka,
hachumbilhka

kneel, to make; hachukbilhkachi

kneeler, hachukbilepa

knife, bashpo

knife, chopping; nipi isht charya

knife, drawing; shafa

knife blade, bashpo

knife-handle, bashpapi

knit, tanna

knit, to; tana

knitted, tanna

knitter; nan tanna, tana

knob; ahalalli, porkshi, tibikshi

knock; kabak, kabakachi, kabuk, kama-
kachi, kobak, kobokachi, kobuk, komo-
kacht

knock, to; aboa, isso, kobolichi, komoha,
komolichi, soku™ha

knock off, to; mokafa

knocked, kobokachi

knocker, isso

knoll, bokko

knop; bikbina, lohboachi

knot; ashekonoa, ashekonopa, atalakchi,
itashekonompa, itasheponopa, itasheko-
nowa, iti naksish, naksish, pitkshi,
tibikshi

knot, large round; iti tkbi

knot, to; ashekonoachi, ashekonobli

hachukbitepa,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

knot on the side of a tree, po”kshi

knotted, nukshiah

knotty; naksish laua, pompokachi, pom-
poki

know, to; akostininchi, anukfohka, chish-
ba, ikhana

know about, to; aiakostininchi

know nothing, to; imanukjila iksho

knower, tkhana

knowing, tkhana

knowledge; aiikhana, avithana, anukfoh-
ka, ikhana, nan ithana

knowledge, to give; nukfokechi, nuk-
foki

knowledge of, having; anukfohka

known; anoa, ikhana, ikhana

known by, oktani

knuckle, ibbak ushi itachakalli

knuckle, to; issa

knurled; naksish laua, shochoha

knurly; shachoha, shochoha

Kunshaws, Kuwsha

label, hochifo

label, to; hochifo takalichi

labeled; hochifo, hochifo takali

labor; nan toksali, pilesa, torksali

labor, a day’s; nitak holhtina tonksali

labor, to; alla eshachi ixpalammi, pilesa,
pilesachi, toksali

labor with, to; ibatonksali

laborer; hatak na pilesa, hatak tonksali,
na hollo torksali, nam pilesa, pilesa,
toksala

laborious; achiba, ahchiba, toksali fehna

lace; folota, ifolota

lace, a; isht talakchi

lace, to; i”folota ikbi, takchi

lace the chest, to; chunuko takchi

laced; i”folota, talakchi

lacerate, to; lilaffi

lacerated, tilafa

laceration; lilafa, tilaffi

lack, ona

lack, to; ikimiksho, laua, ona

lackey, tishu

laconic, tilofa

lad; alla nakni, hatak himmita

ladder, atuya

lade, to; fohki, shapulechi

laded, fohka

laden, shapoli

lading; alhto, fohka, shapuli

ladle; isht kafa, lokush, nakabila

BYINGTON]

ladle, to; takli

lady, ohoyo

lady, old; ohoyo sipokni

lag, to; salahat arya

laid across; abankachi, abanni, abana,
albana, okhoata

laid at the side; apata, aputkachi

laid down; akkakaha, akkatipia, alhkaha,
kaha

laid in a line; bachaya, bachoha

laid in rows, bashkachi

laid off; bachaya, chuta

laid on, alhpohomo

laid up in a crack, kafoti

lair, nam poa anusi

lake; haiyip, hohtak, okhata

lamb; chukfalhpoyushi, chukfushi

lamb, to; chukfushicheli

Lamb of God, Chihowa inchukfalhpo
yushr

lamblike, chukfushi holba

lame; chushukli, hanali, imomokpulo, iyi
hotupa, kinafha, kinafkali

lame, the; imomokpulo

lame, to; iyi hotupali

lamely, iyi hotupa chohmi

lameness, iyi hotupa

lameness, a; imokpulo

lament, to; nukhanklo, yaiya

lament with, to; ibanukhanklo

lamentable, nukharklo

lamentation; ayaiya, nan illesha, nuk-
harklo

lamenter; isht nukhatklo, isht yaiya

lamenting, isht yaiya

lamp; bila pala, pala

lampas; noti italbakchi chito, nutakba-
lankchi offo

lampblack, tiak shoboli tutak

lamp-post, pala aionhikia

lance, na halupa

lance, to; tumpli

lanced, tumpa

lancet; issish isht kuchi, isht tumpa, shak-
ba isht tumpa

lancet, spring; shakba isht inchanya

land, yakni

land, a tongue of; yakni bikeli

land, bad; yakni okpulo

land, bottom; ok/a pattasachi

land, cultivated; yakni atoksali

land, fallowed; yakni patafa

land, fertile; yakni achukma

land, flat; okfa pattasachi, yakni pataiya

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

487

land, furrowed; yakni patafa

land, good; yakni achukma

land, his; yakni

land, low; okfa pattasachi

land, plowed; yakni basha

land, sections of; yakni chula

land, surveyed; yakni chula

land, the edge of the; yakni ali

land, the end of the; yakni ali

land, to; ataioha, ataiya, kucha, kuchichi

land, to bring to; ataiohali, ataiyali

land, to let out; yakni impota

land, to rent; yakni impota

land, to run off; yakni chuti

land, to survey; yakni chuli

land, wild; yakni atoksali

land flood; okchito

land in sections, to lay off; yakni chuti

land laid off; yakni chula

land speculator, yakni chumpa

land that extends into the sea, yakni
okhata chito pit shamali

landed; ataiya, kucha

landing; aiataia, ayataia, akucha, ataioha,
ataiya, peni ataiya

landing, brought to the; ataioha

landmark, yakni alhpisa hikia

land’s end, yakni aiati

landscape, yakni apisa ati

lane, hina ikpatho

lane between stakes, holihta itintckla

language, anumpa

language, bad; anumpa okpulo

language of white men, na hollo im-
anumpa

languid; intakobi, kota, tiposhi, tikabi

languidness; intakobi, kota

languish, to; bashi, tikabi

languish, to make; fiposhichi

languisher; bashi, kota

languor; kota, tiposhi, tikabi

lank, lapushki

lantern; pala afoka, pala inchuka

lap, iyubi pakna

lap, to; alatali, apolomi, oklabbi, opita-
molt, takli

lap of a legging, wehta

lap over, to; aiopitama, halapoli, opi-
tammi, walapolih

lapis, tali

lapped; opitama, opitamoa

lapper, oklabbi

lapping, oklabbi

lapse, ashachi

488

lapstone; alallichi, wak hakshup alallicht

larceny, hu"kupa

lard; shukha bila, shukha nia

lard, to; niachi

larded, nia

larder, aboha inpaiasha

large; aiaka, affekomi, chito, chitoli, ho-
cheto, ishto, lawa, patasah, patha

large, to cause to be; hochetochi

large and round, tokumpa

large when others are small, achinto

largely, chito

largeness, chito

larger, a little; imshalakli

largess, 7ma

largest, i”shaht tali

lark, shunlulo

lascivious; haksi, hawi

lash; fahama, isht fama, isht tukata

lash, to; fammi, lukaha, tukalichi, takchi

lash on, to; atakchichi

lashed; fama, talakchi

lasher; fammi, tukalichi

lashing, tukaha

lass; alla tek, ohoyo himmita

lassitude; kota, tikabi

last; aiali, atisht aiopi, isht aiopi, kash

last, a; shulush atoba

last, to; anta

last among men, hatak wishakchi

last one, isht aiopi

lasting, bilia

latch; afacha, isht afacha, isht akamassachi

latch, to; afachali, afashli

latched; afacha, afachali, afashkachi, alh-
fasha

latchet, shulush isht talakchi

late; achiba, atapa fehna, atapa ont ia,
chash, cheki, hopaki, kash

lately; chekikash, kash

lateness, atapa

latent; haiaka, luma

later, i%himmak

lateral, lapali

lath; abasa, albasa, albaska

lath, to; abasli

lathed, albaska

lather, pokpoki

lather, to; pokpokechi

lather, to make; pokpokechi

lather box, isht ahchifa apokpokechi

lather for shaving, isht ahchifa nashuka
ahammi

lathing, iti albasa

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BuLL. 46

latitude, patha

latter, i”himmak

latterly, chekusikash

laud, to; afehnichi, aiokpanchi

laudable, aiokpancha hinla

laudanum; ikhinsh ishkot nusechi, ikhinsh
nusecht

lauder, isht anumpuli

laugh, yukpa

laugh, to; yukpa

laugh, to cause to; yukpali, yukpachi

laugh at, to; olalli

laughable, yukpa hinla

laughing, to be half; ibaktalanli

laughter, yukpa

launch, oka tobli

launch, to; oka tobli, pila

launch out, to; pit, takalechi

launderer; hatak nan achefa, nan achefa

laundress; nan achefa, ran achefa ohoyo,
ohoyo nan achefa

laundry, aboha nan aiachefa

laundryman, hatak nan achefa

laurel tree, iti chinisa

lave, to; ahchifa, yupi

laver; aiokami, aiyupi

lavish, isht yopomo shati

lavish, to; isht yopomo

lavished, isht yopomo

lavisher, isht yopomo

law; anumpa, anumpa alhpisa, anumpa
kallo

law, to become a; anumpa alhpisa toba

law, written; anuwmpa alhpisa holisso

law book; anumpa qlhpisa holisso, nan
alhpisa holisso

lawbreaker, anumpa kobaffi

lawful, alhpesa

lawgiver, anumpa apesa

lawless; anumpa alhpisa iksho, anwmpa
alhpisa keyu

lawmaker; anumpa apesa, anumpa kallo
ikbt

lawyer; anumpa nan qlhpisa isht atta,
laya

lax, yohapa

lax, a; ikfia, ikfihechi

laxative; ikfiachi, ikfihechi

laxity, ikfihechi

laxness, ihk/fihechi

lay, a; ataloa, kaha, kali

lay, to; boti, cheli, hokchi, isso, kati, nuk-
talalichi, patali

lay a plan, to; apesa

BYINGTON ]

lay across, to; abanali, abanni, okhoa-
tali, okhoalla

lay aside, to; naksika boli

lay at, to; aiashachi

lay back to the fire, to; alahkichi

lay crosswise, to; okhoatali

lay down, to; akkaboli, akkakahi, akkali-
peli, ashachi, kahpuli, kati, tashkichi

lay hold on, to; pit

lay in a row or line, to; bachali, bachoti

lay laths, to; abasli

lay low, to; akkachi

lay off, to; chuti

lay on, to; aiashachi, abanali, boli, on-
cheli, onochi, takalechi

lay on a stratum, to; atanabli

lay on the face, to; lipoli

lay on the hands, to; bilepa

lay on the neck or shoulder, to; aba-
nali, iabannali, iabannalichi

lay out a road, to; hina apes

lay over, to; abanali

lay the ribs of a roof, to; abasli

lay there, to; aiashachi

lay up, to; achukmat boli, atali

lay up seed corn, to; pehnachi

lazaretto, imomokpulo aiasha

lazily, intakobi

laziness, intakobi

lazy; asanata, intakobi

lazy, to make; intakobichi

lazy man, hatak intakobi

leach, hituk chubi aholuya

leach, ash; hituk chubi ahoiya, hituk
chubi aholuya

leach, lye, hituk chubi ahoiya

leach, to; holuyachi

leach tub, aholuya

lead, naki

lead, sheet; naki tapuski

lead, to; avya, halalli, ilaueli, ilauet arya,
isht 1a, petichi, tikba heka

lead along, to; ilaueli

lead astray, to; haksichi, kaniachi

lead into sin, to; yoshobbi

lead off from, to; filammichi

lead out of the way, to; yoshobli

lead round, to; afolotowachi

lead to, to; ona

leader; hatak petichi, ilaueli, tlauet anya,
peticheka, petichi, tikba heka

leader, military; hopair

leading line, iswba isht fullota

leads astray, one who; yoshobbi

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

489

leaf; hishi, iti hishi

leaf, dead; hashtap

leaf, fallen; hashtap

leaf, to; hishi toba

leafed, hishi toba

leafed out, hishi tobat taha

leafy; hishi chito, hishi laua

league; anumpa kallo, apesa, itimapesa

league, to; apesa

leagued, ibafoka

leak; chiluk, hoiya

leak, to; bichilli, hoiya, holuya, pichilli

lean; chunna, ilbasha, kofanto, kopipia,
nipt, shulla

lean, to; ataiyachi, ataya, waiya, watyachr

lean, to make; chunnachi

lean against, to; ataiya, ataiyali

lean on, to; ataiya, waiyakachi

leanness; chunna, nipi

leap; malli, tolupli

leap, to; abanabli, hatonchi, ilhkoli, maqlli,
tolupli

leap, to cause to; toluplichi, tullichi

leap over, to; abanabli, tanapoli, tanabli

leap over, to cause to; tanablichi

leap up, to; balakli

leaper; hatonchi, malli, tolupli

learn, to; holisso ithana, ithana

learn, to cause to; ikhananchi

learn at, to; aiithana

learn by practice, to; abachi

learned; holisso ithana, ikhana

learned man; hatak imponna, hatak nan
ithana

learner; atithana, holisso ithana, ikhana,
nan aiithana, nan ikhana

learning, ikhana

learning, the means of; isht ikhana

lease, yakni pota

lease, to; impota

leash, isht talakchi

leash, to; takchi

least; isht aiopi, kamomi, laue, moma,
moma tklauo

leather; na hakshup, talhko, wak hakshup
humma

leather, sole; wak hakshup humma

leather, to; fammi

leather, to make; talhko ikbi

leather, upper; wak hakshup lusa

leather dresser; talhko ikbi, wak hak-
shup hummachi

leave, to; ashachi, filammi, ibbak fohki,
ima, isa, kanchi, kania, kucha

490

leave a church, to; aba anumpuli tksa
kucha

leave off, to; aiissachi

leaved, hishi toba

leaven; paska isht shatammi, paska isht
shatammichi, paska shatammacht

leaven bread, to; paska shatammicht

leavened, shatammt

leavened bread, paska shatammt

leaver, issa

leavings, atampa

lecherous, aiyushkami

lecture; anumpa, aba isht anumpa

lecture, to; anumpuli

lecturer, anumpuli

led horse, isuba shapuli

ledger, holisso

lee, chukbi

leech; halus, lasun, yaluns, yasunla

leech, horse; halu®s chito

leek, hato”falaha

leer, to; akamatoli, akamatushli, nukoa

lees, lakchi

left; afabi, alhfabeka

left, a part; akolofa

left, a place; avissa

left hand; afabeka, ibbak alhfabeka

left hand, on or to the; afabekimma

left hand, toward the; ibbak alhfabek
amma

left-handed; afabi, afabekimma

left-handed person, a/abi

leg; api, iyapt, iyi apt

leg bone; hulhki foni, wyulhki font

leg of a stool, aiomanili iyi

legacy, ima

legal, alhpesa

legalize, to; apesa

legate, anumpeshi

legation, hatak alhtoka

leggings; iyabiha, iyubiha

legible; haiaka, pisa hinla

legibly, haiaka

legion, laua

legislate, to; anuwmpa alhpisa ikbi

legislated, anumpa alhpisa

legislator; anuwmpa alhpisa ikbi, anumpa
kallo ikbt

legitimate; ati, inki asha

leisure; a”shakba, nan isht atta tkimiksho

leisurely, salahat

lend, to; impota, pota

lend an ear, to; haponaklo

lendable, impota hinla

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BuLL. 46

lender; impota, nan impota

lending, impota

length; ahekachi, ahheka, ahhekachi, fa-
laia, hofaloha

length of time, hopaki

lengthen, to; aiakachi, falaiachi, falaiat
ia, hofalohachi, shebli

lengthened, falaia

lengthwise; abaiyachi, ahekachi

lengthy; falaia, hofaloha

lenient, yohbi

lenity; nukhanklo, yohbi

leopard, koi chikchiki

leper; ililli okpulo, leplosi abi, liahpo abi
isht illi, liplosi abi, yosh

leprosy; ililli okpulo, leplosi, liahpo abi
isht illi, liplosi

lessee, yakni pota

lessen, to; iskatanichi, iskitinichi, laue,
lauechi

lessened, iskitini

lesson; apisa, imaialechi

lessor, yakni impota

lest; keyukma, na, yoba, yobana

let; ashke, kia, kil

let, a; ataklama

let, to; ima, impota

let blood, to; issish inkuchi

let into the water, to; okachi, pit

let go, to; ia

let me; ak, lashke

let one have, to; ima

let us all, kiloh

let us all not, kiloh

lethargic, nusilhha

lethargy, nusi fehna

letter, holisso

letter, small; holisso iskitint

letter, to; holissochi

letter bag; holisso aialhto, holisso inshuk-
cha

lettered, holisso

levee; nowat itanaha, sakti toba

levee, to make a; sakti ikbi

level; itilawi, matali, patasachi, patassa

level, to; anumpisachi, anompisachi, ma-
talichi, patasachi, patasalli, patashechi,
welt

level, to make; itilawichi

level ground, yakni matali

leveled; itilawi, matali, patasachi, pa-
taskacht

leveler; itilawichi, patasachi

lever; isht afana, isht afinni, isht tono-
lichi, isht wakeli, itt isht tonolichi

BYINGTON]

levied, itanaha

levity, shohala

levy, itanaha

levy, to; itannali

lewd; haksi, haut

lewdness; haksi, haui, lumanrka

lexicon, a; tikshaneli

liable; hepulla, hinla

liar; aholabi, holabi, lushka

libel, anumpa chukushpa

libel, to; anumpa chukushpali

libeler, anumpa chokushpikbi

liberate, to; yuka issachi

liberated; yuka issa, yuka issachi, yuka
kucha

liberator, yuka issachi

liberty, yuka keyu

library, holisso aiasha

lice, issap

license, imalhpisa

license, to; apesa

licentious; haksi, okpulo

lick; fahama, isso, lukfapa

lick, to; fammi, holakshi

licker, holakshi

lid; iatipa, isht inkama, ontipa, wumpoholmo

lid of a box, itombi ontipa

lie; holabi, lushka

lie, to; aholabi, akka itula, chiya, holabi,
itola, itula, itunla, lushka, talaia, taloha,
tonla

lie, to cause to; lushkachi

lie about, to; kahat marya

lie across, to; abana, albana, okhoata

lie across, to cause it to; okhoatachi

~ lie at the side, to; apata, apota, apotali

lie back to the fire, to; alahki

lie by, to; tonla

lie crosswise, to; okhoatakachi

lie down, to; akkakaha, akkakahat aiasha,
akkakahat manya, akkatipia, akkatipka-
chi, kaha, tashki, tonla

lie down, to cause to; tashkichi

lie face down, to; lipia

lie hard in the stomach, to; anwkbikeli

lie hard on the stomach, to cause to;
anukbikelicht

lie in, to; shamoli

lie in a retired place, to; apotaka itola

lie in ambush, to; avihchi

lie in courses, to; bachoha

lie in rows or lines, to; bachohat manya

lie in wait for, to; aiihchi

lie in water, to; oka kaha

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

491

lie low, to; bilepa, lipkachi

lie on, to; onitula, ontala, onutula, tal-
kanchi

lie on fire, to; itotonla

lie on the back, to; watalhpi

lie on the face, to; alipa, bilepa, tepa,
tipkachi

lie on the side, to; .alatkachi, naksi

lie together, to; itatonla

lien, alhtoba

Jieutenant; imanumpeshi, kapitani ima-
num~peshi

life; aiokchanya, ilhfiopak, nana okchanya
nana yukpa, okcharya

lifeblood, issish isht okchaya

lifeless, ili

lifetime, okcharya takla

lift, to; aba isht ia, ilefehnachechi, sholi

lift the head, to; akashchukali

lift up, to; akachakali, akachakalichi, aba
chakali, aba takalichi, takalechi, wakeli,
wakotichi

lifted, takali

lifted up, aba takali

lifter, sholi

ligament, isht talakcni

ligature, alhfoa

light; anitarki, apisa, atohwikeli, atohwi-
kinli, aba anumpa, hashi, hashninak
anya, tkhana, malatha, nitak, nitarki,
okhisa, onna, onnat minti, pala, shum-
palali, tohbi, tohwikeli

light, the place of; atohwikalinka

light, to; binili, oti, palali

light, to carry a; palali

light, to cause; tohyualichi

light, to give; tohwikeli, tohwikelichi

light, to have; tohwikeli

light, to make; shohalachi

light color, hatachi

light horse, iswba omanili tashka

light-horseman; isuba omanili tashka,
isuba ontala tashka

light in the sky, shutik hata

light in weight, shohala

light-minded, imanukfila shanaioa

light off, to; akkoa

light upon, to shed; wmpala

lighted; pala, tohwikeli

lighten, to; hashuk malli, ikhananchi, ola
taklachi, tohwikeli, tohwiketichi, yukpali

lighten in weight, to; shohalachi

lightened, shohala

lightly, /oma

492

lightness in temperament, imanuk-
fila shanaioa

lightness in weight, shohala

lightning; hashuk malli, malatha

lightning, heavy; tasa

lightning bug, halba .

lights, shilukpa

lightsome; tohwrkeli, yukpa

lightwood, tiak

ligneous, iti osh toba

like, binka, chohmi, chomi, holba, laue,
mitka, ohm, yamma

like, to; ahni, ahnichi, aiahninchi, anush-
kunna

like, to act or do; chohmi

like, to make it; chohmichi

like-minded; imanukfila achafa, imanuk-
fila itiholba

like that, yamohmt

like the other, hokola

likely; achini, chechik, chiishke, chik, hinla

liken, to; apesa, hobachi

likened; alhpiesa, holba

likened to, alhpesa

likeness; holba, ohmi

likeness, to make a; ohmichi

likewise; aiena, ak, hak, yammak kia

liking, anushkunna

lily, Lilli

limb; felami, felamichi, iti naksish, nak-
sish, naksish filamoti, naksish filam-
minchi

limb, to; nibli

limb cut off, nipafa

limb of the body, hanali

limber, walohbi

limber, to make; walohbichi

limbs, full of; washaloha

limbs, the four; hanalushta

limestone, rotten; talhpa

limit; aiati, ali

limit, to; aialichi

limitation, aiali

limited, aiali

limn, to; holissocht

limp, to; chahikcheli, chahikli, chitukli,
iachushukli, kinakkati, kinakli, kinafha,
kinafkali, shaioksholi, shaiukli, tabikli,
tabikli

limper; chahikcheli, chahikli, kinakkati,
kinakli, kinafkali, shaiukli, tabikli, ta-
bikli

limpid, shohkalali

linchpin; achusha, iti chanaha afacha

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[putn. 46

linden; balup, panashuk, pishannuk

line; aionholissochi, alafa, ali, bachaya,
hika, holisso iskitini, itt tita bachaya,
lanfa, ponoshana, yikkowa

line, to; afohommi, alatali

line of thread, ponolushi

lineage; chukachafa isht atia, isht atiara

lined; afohoma, alata, alatkachi

linen; na foka lumbo, na kallo, nan tanna
kallo, ponokallo, ponola

linen yarn, ponola

linguist; anumpa tosholi, anumpuli im-
ponna

lining; alata, anu”ka alata

lining, to put on a; alatali

link; itatakali, itatakali

link together, to; takalechi, takotichi

linked; takali, takolt ,

lion, koi chito

lioness, koi chito tek

lip, itialbi

lips, thick; itukshibeli

lips closed tight or firm, having the;
itakmofoli

lips open a little, itakhauali

liquefied, bila

liquefy, to; bileli

liquid, oka

liquidate, to; atobbi, chilofa, hotina

liquidated; alhchilofa, alhtoba, holhtena

liquor; na homi, oka, oka home

lisp, to; isunlash ili

list, takchaka

list, to; achunli,
takali

listed, hochifo takali

listen!; ah, mah!

listen, to; afalapa, haklo, haponaklo

listener; haklo, haponaklo, na haklo

listless, haklo

literate, ikhana

litter, jimimpa

litter (brood); pelechi, ushi, shukhushi
petlechi achafa

litter (to ride on), iti albasto

litter, to; ushi cheli

littered, fimimpa

little; chipunta,
kitinist

little, very; kanomust

little ones, chipota

littleness, iskitini

live; okchanki, okchaya

hochifo ishi, hochifo

fehna keyu, iskitina,

BYINGTON ]

live, to;
okchatya

live, to cause to; okchayachi

live by, to; aiokcharya

live stock, alhpoa

livelong, falaia

lively; yiminta, yukpa

liver, salakha

living, okcharya

living creature; nan okchaya, nana ok-
charya

living God, okchanya

living thing, nana okcharya

lizard; chilatwa, halanchilanwa, kalaki

lizard, black; yakni imafo

lizard, small; hashtap yuloli

lo, yaki

load; albiha, alhpitta, shapo, tukafa achafa

load (for a gun), whpita achafa

load, one; tanampo albiha achafa

load, to; fohki, shapulechi

load a horse, to; isuba shapulechi

loaded; alhpitta, fohka, shapo, shapoli

loader; nan apitta, shapulechi

loading, shali

loaf; palaska, paska

loaf of bread, paska chanaha

loan; impota, pota

loan, to; impota

loath, banna

loathe, to; chukyiweta, yuala

loathed, ahnichi

loather; shittilema, yuala

leathful, yuala hinla

loathsome; chukyiweta, shua, yuala hinla

lobe of the ear, haksobish walobi

locate, to; binilichi, talali

located; binili, taluli

lock; isht ashana, luksi

lock, to; afacha, ashannichi, shannichi,
takali

locked; ashana, ashana, ashakachi

locust; ha®wa, wislicht, washa, washlichi

locust, honey; kati

lodge; aboha iskitini, alhtipo, takali

lodge, to; anta, anukfohka, binoli, fohki,
kinati, takalechi

lodge in a room, to; aboha anusechi

lodged; fohka, kinati

lodger; aiatta, hatak nowat arya

lodging; aboha, aiatta, anusi, topa

lodging out of doors, abina

lodging place, bina.

lodging room, aboha anusi

anta, atta, chuka, okchanrki,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

493

loft; pihcha, wia

loftily, ilefehnachi

loftiness; chaha, ilefehnachi

lofty; chaha, ilefehnachi

log, att chito tapa

log house; aboha itabana, chuka itabana

log of wood, toboshakchi

loin; chashwa nipi, inchashwa nipr

loiter, to; salaha, salahat arya

loiterer, salaha

loll, to; hahka, hakha

loll, to cause to; hahkachi

lone, ilap bano

lonely, zlap bano

lonesome; ashabi, palata

lonesome, to render; ashabichi

long; aiaka, falaia, hofaloha, hopaki, na
okshiyanl

long, to; banna

long, to make; ho/faloli

long ago, hopaki kash

long and slender; fabaspoa, fabasfoa,
fabassa, fabassoa, fahko

long and slender, to make; /abassachi,
fahkochi

long enough, /alaia, alhpesa

long way or time, hopaki

longer, falaia imshali

longer (as to time), hopaki inchali

longest, falaia i%shat tali

longevity, sipokni

longing, banna

longitude, /alaia

long-lived, nitak infalaia

look, to; ahah ahni, ahoba, anukfilli, apis-
tikeli, hikia, hopo”koyo, pisa

look about, to; hopumpoyo, hopunayo

look after, to; hoyo

look after, to cause to; hoyochi

look for, to; hoyo

look here, yaki

look on himself, to; i/apisa

look out for, to; ahah imahni

look over, to; tepuli

look sidelong, to; a/alapoa

look sideways, to; afalapoli

look through, to; afananchi, lopulli

looker; nam pisa, pisa

looker on; hatak yopisa, yopisa

looking-glass, apisa

lookout, hopo”koyo

looks; nashuka, pisa

loom; atana, nana tanna

loon, okchata chito

’

494

loop, atakali

loose; fitoa, miteti, mokofa, tilokachi

loose and pleas up, tilokachi

loose, to; hotofi, litoffi, shunf

loose, to get; miteli

loosed; litoa, litofa, titofkachi

loosely; ahah ahni iksho, kallo keyu

loosen, to; litofa, titoffi, litofkachi,
habli, yohablichi, yohapa, yohapoa

loosened; Zitofa, yohapa, yohapoa

looseness, ik/ia

looseness of the bowels, chula isht abeka

lop, to; nacholi, natichi

lope, to; yohapachi

lopped; nachofa, nachoha

lopper; nacholichi, nachuffi, naticht

loquacious, anumpuli shali

lord; anshati, chitokaka, hatak, hatak chito-
kaka, hatak hochitoka, ithatak, shat,
ishtokaka, petichi

lord, to; petichi

Lord Jehovah, Chihowa chitokaka

lord of, imma

lordly; ilapunla, ilefehnachi

Lord’s Supper, the; opiaka impa Chisas
Klaist at apesatok

lore, ikhana

lose, to; illi, lakoffi, kania, okpant

loser; ivkania, illi, imilli, kania

loss; ivkania, imilli, imokpulo, kania

lost; illi, itamoa, kania, kaniachi, okpulo,
okpulot taha, tamoa, yoshoba

lost man, hatak yoshoba

lot (drawn); na fuli halati, na shoeli, na
shoelit isht

lot (office), aialhtoka

lot (piece of ground); holihta, osapa,
yakni chuta

lot, small; holihtushi

lot, to; hopela, kashkoli

lotion, isht ahchifa

loud, chitoli

loudly, chitolit

loudness, chito

lounge, to; intakobi

lounger, intakobi

louse, issap

louse trap, issap isht albi

lousy; issap laua, issap likeli

love; holitobli, holitopa

love, to; achukma, ahnichi, athollo, anush-
kunna, asitia, asseta, hiahni, holitobli,
inholitopa, i”hollo, kashaha

yo-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

love, without; hiahni iksho

loved, thing; nan i*holitopa, nan ihollo

loved by him; i”holitopa, ivhollo

lover; anushkunna, hiahni, holitobli, in-
hollo

lovers, mutual; iti”hollo

lovesick, palata

low; akatlusi, akanli, akanlusi, akkanlusi,
alhchunna, chakapa, halatat taha, ilbasha,
liposhi, makali, patasachi, shippa, wak-
kalih

low (in music); akanlusi, chito

low, to; woha

low, very; akanlusi

low-down, akanlusi

low-spirited; imilhtah, liposhi

lower, to; akanli, akanlusechi, akka ‘ia,
akkachi, alhchunnachi, totama, shippa

lower floor, akka itipatalhpo

lowest; akkafehna, moma

lowly, chu”kash akka”lusi

lowness; akanlusi, makali

loyal, aianli

loyally, aia”tit

lubricate, to; halasbichi

lubricated, halushki

lubricity, halushki

lucid, haiaka

Lucifer; jichik, chito, Setan

luck, imaiyamohmi

lucky, imota

lucre, nan ilahanchi

ludicrous, yopula

lug, to; shalallicht

luggage; shapoweki, wekr

lukewarm, lahba

lukewarm, to make; Jahbachi

lull, to; chulosa, chulosachi,
nuktala

lulled; chulosa, nuktala

luller, chulosachi

lumber, iti basha

lumber, to; aiyokomi

lumber house, aboha nana aiasha

lumber room; aboha nana aiasha, nana
aiasha

luminary; hashi, hashninak anya, tohwi-
keli

luminous, tohwikeli

lump, Jumbo

lump, to; itannali

lump of clay, lukfi lumbo

lumped, itanaha

nuktalali,

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY

lunacy, tasembo

lunar measurement, hashninak aya isht
alhpisa

lunatic, tasembo

lunatic, a; hatak tasembo, lunatik

lunatic asylum, hatak tasembo aiasha

lunch, impa iskitini

luncheon, impa iskitini

lung, shilukpa

lure; haksichi, nukpallichi

lure, to; haksichi, nukpallichi

lurk, to; apali, luma

lurking place, aluma

luscious, champuli

lust; aiyushkammi, nan nukpalli, yush-
kammi

lust, to; aiyushkammi, nukpalli, yush-
kammi

luster; shohmalali

lusty; chito, kallo, kilimpi, tampko

luxate, to; tato/fi, taloli

luxated; talofa, taloha

luxation; talofa, taloffi

luxuriant, waya fehna

luxuriate, to; waya fehna

lyceum; holisso avithana, holisso apisa

lye; hituk chubi holuya, hituk hoiya

lying, holabi

lying at the side, aputkachi

lying crosswise, abankachi

lying down; akkabilepa, kinali

lying in a row, bachaya, bashkachi

lying on, onutula

lying on the face, lipkachi

lyre, alepa

maccaboy, habishkuchi

macerate, to; liposhichi, tikabichi

macerated, liposhi

machinate, to; apesa

“mackerel clouds’’, hoshontikilhkiki

mad; anukbata, anukhobela, chukachi, ha-
cho, holilabi, nukhobela, nukoa

mad, to get; hasharya

mad, to make; hashatyachi, nukhobe-
lacha

madcap; hatak nukoa shati, nukoa shati

madden, to; anukhobelachi, nukoa, nu-
koacht

maddened, nukoa

madder, nan isht hummachi

made, toba

made, by whom; foba

made alive, okcharya

OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

495

made his, immi toba

madhouse, hatak tasembo aiasha

madman; nukoa, nukoa shati

madness; anukbata, anukhobela, nukoa,
tasembo

magazine; holisso, na halupa aiasha

maggot, chukanushi

maggoty, chukanushi laua

magi, hatak hopoyuksa

magic; fahpo, fappo

magician; fappuli, hatak fappo, hatak
JSappoli

magisterial, ilefehnachi

magistrate, nan apesa

magnanimity, imanukfila chito

magnanimous; ianukfila chaha, ima-
nukfila chito, imanukfila hopoyuksa

magnate, hatak chitokaka

magnetic needle, tali inla fehna

magnificent; holitopa, isht ahollo

magnifier, holitobli

magnify, to; aiokpanchi, chitolichi, ho-
litobli, holitoblichi

magnitude; chito, holitopa

magnolia, kolaha

maid, ohoyo himmita

maid, serving; ohoyo torksali

maid, waiting; ohoyo nan i”hoyo

maiden, ohoyo himmita

mail, holisso aialhto

mail, to; holisso shali fohki

mail a letter, to; holisso bahta chito
Sohki

mail coach, iti chanaha holisso shali

mailed, holisso shali foka

maim, to; imatechi

maimed; imateka, imomokpulo

main; i”shali, laua imshati

main body, i”shali

mainly; i”shali, moma chuhmi

maintain, to; imatali, ishi

maintained, imalhtaha

maintainer; imatati, ishi

maintenance, aiimalhtaha

maize, tanchi

majestic; chito, isht ahollo

majesty; chito, chitokaka, holitopa

major, ishati

major, a; minko iakaiya

major general, hopaii

majority; iklanna atampa, ishali

make; ikbi, toba

make, to; atobachi, ikbi, ilapisa, ishi,
lapisa, toba, tobachi

496

make (as money), to; ahauchi

make, to cause to; ikbichi

make a canal, to; okhina ikbi

make all, to; oklu”hachi

make bank bills, to; holisso lapushkitkbi

make fun of, to; isht oklushi

make known, to; oktanichi

make mortar in, to; ayamasli

make much of, to; fehnachi

make of or from, to; atoba

make ready, to; atati

make run, to; tileli

make something, to; na fehnacht

make very much, to; oklu*hali

make water, to; hoshu”wa

maker; ikbi, nan ikbi, nan tobachi

making, ikbi

malady; abeka, ililli

male; hatak nakni, nakni

malefactor, hatak yoshoba

malevolence, imanukfila okpulo

malevolent, imanukfila okpulo

malice; nukkilli, nukoa

malice, to bear; anukkilli

malicious; nukkilli, nukoa

malign; nukkilli, nukoa

malignant; nukkilli, nukoa

maligner, isht yopula

malignity, imanuk/jila okpulo

mall; anowa, iti isht boa

mallard, ha”khobak

malleable, shepa hinla

malleate, to; bot shebli

malleated, bot shepa

mallet; isht boa, iti isht boa iskitini, iti
isht boa ushi

mamma, hashki

mammon, imilayak

mammoth; nan isht ahollo, poa chito

man; hatak, hatak at, hatak nakni, nakni

man, a single; tekchi iksho

man, bad; hatak haksi

man, my; a”hatak

man, one; hatak achafa

man, to; hatak hilechi

man-hater, hatak imnukkilli

man-killer, hatak abit tali

man of mind, hatak imanukfila avsha

man pleaser, hatak yukpali

manacle, ibbak isht talakchi

manacle, to; ibbak takchi

manacled, ibbak talakchi

manage, to; apesa, apesachi, apistikeli,
kostininchi, nana kanthchi, petichi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

manager; apesa, apesachi, apistikeli, isht
atta, nan apesa, peticht

manager of a funeral; hatak inminko,
hatak itinmiko

mandate; anumpa, immiha

mandrake; /ala imisito, fala intanchi

mane, chushak hishi

maned, chushak hishi ansha

manes, shilup

maneuver, to; apesa

manful, nakni

mange, washko

manger; atilhpeta, aiimpa, isuba aiimpa
peni, uti peni, wak atimpa

mangle, to; kisli, tilalichi, tilechi

mangled; lilafa, tilati

mangler, lilalichi

manhood; hatak ona, hatak toba

mania; nukoa, tasembo

maniac, hatak tasembo

manifest, haiaka

manifest, to; haiakachi

manifested, haiaka

manifestly, haiakat

manifold; ilaiyukali laua, lawa

mankind; hatak, hatak okla

mankind, all; hatak moma

manlike, nakni

manlike, to render; naknichi

manliness, nakni

manly, nakni

manner; aiyamohmi, akanimi, kaniohmt,
katiohmi, yamohmi, yohmi

manner, to do after this; yakohmichi

mansion; aboha, aiasha, aiatta, chuka

manslaughter, hatak abi

mansuetude; honayo, kostini

mantelpiece, aba tala

mantle, anchi

mantle, to; anchichechi, anchichi, umpo-
holmo, umpohomo

mantua, ohoyo va foka

mantua maker, ohoyo ina foka tkbi

manual; holisso iskitini, ibbak isht tonk-
sali

manufactory, nana atoba

manufacture, to; ikbi

manufactured, alhpoyak toba

manufacturer; alhpoyak ikbi, ikbt, nan
ikbi

manufactures, alhpoyak

manumission, yuka issachi

manumit, to; yuka issachi

manumitted, yuka issa

BYINGTON ]

manumitter, yuka issachi

manure land, to; yakni niachi

manured, wak iryalhki ont ashachi

manuscript, holisso

many; aiyaka, akaieta, ayaka, kanomona,
laua, okla chito

many, as; lawa kat kaniohmi

many, to do; lawachi

many times, laua fehna

map, yakni isht alhpisa holisso

maple, hard; chukchu chito

maple, soft; chukchu

maple sugar, chukchu hapi champuli

mar, to; okpani, okpanichi

maraud, to; hu”kupat itanowa

marble, tali halasbi

marble, a; isht basto, tali lumbo

March, Macha

march; atepola, baiillit nowa, nowa’

march, to; baiillichi

mare, isuba tek

mare, breeding; iswba ishke

mare, old; isuba ishke

margin; alaka, alapali, ati, takchaka

margin of a river, okhina takchaka

margin, to; takchaka ikbi

marine, okhata aialhtaha

marine, a; tashka chipota peni a%sha

mariner, peni isht aya

maritime; okhata aiahalaia, okhata imma

mark; aialbi, atarfa, basosunkachi, basha,
iti tila, tarfa, taha, tahkachi, na tafa, tila

mark, to; ahni, bashli, haklo, holissochi,
lanfi, tati, tatichi, titi

mark on the human body, ¢ali lusa

marked; basha, chula, holisso, kalafa,
ta”fa, tahkachi, tita

marked tree, iti tila

marker; bashli, holissochi, tafi, na tanfi,
titi

marker of trees, nan titi

market; achumpa, aiitatoba, ilhpak akan-
chi, nana avitatoba

market, to; itatoba

market house, avitatoba chuka

marksman, hu”ssa imponna

marriage; itauaya, ohoyo ipetacht

marriage, to celebrate a; ohoyo ipe-
tachi

marriage state, auaya

marriageable; auaya, auaya alhpesa,
auaya ona

married, auaya

84339°—Bull. 46—15——32

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

497

married man; hatak awaya, itawaya

marrow; foni lupi, lupi

marrowbone, iyinchampko

marry, to; aiina, auaya, auayachi, halal-
lichi, tpetachi, itatuklo, itawaya, ohoyo
ipetacht

Mars, fichik homma

marsh, yakni labeta

marshal; nan apesa, pelichi

marshal, to; apesa, pelichi

marshy; fabeta, labeta foka

martial; nakni, tanap ahalaia

martin (a bird), chorki

martingale, isuba ikonla isht talakchi

martyr, apepoa

martyr, to; abi

martyrdom; apepoa, aba anumpa aptha
at wh

marvel, okokkoahni

marvel, to; anuklakancha, okokkoahni

marveled, nuklakancha

marvelous; inla, inla fehna, okokkoahni

masculine; chilita, kallo, nakni

mash, to; boshullichi, lisholili, lisholichi,
lito, sholi

mashed; boshulli, lishoa, litoa

mason; lukfi nuna isht atta, lukfi nuna
pilesa

mass; hatak lawa itanaha, itahoba, itan-
aha, laua

massacre, isikkopalit abi

massacre, to; chuka patali, isikkopalit
abi

massive, chito

mast; na waya, nusi

mast, a; kohta

mast of a ship, peni chito ikotah

master; a’shali, inshati, na hollo, nan
ithanachi, nan ithanarchi, peticheka,
peticht

Master, our; pi%shati

master, to; imaiya, imaiyachi, ishatichi

master hand, imponna

master of an animal; impushnayo,
pushnayo

masterly, imponnat :

masticate, to; hoa™sa, hopasa

mastiff, na holipafi

match; auaya, ichapa, itibbi, itishi, luak
isht tkbi

match, to; holba, ichabli, ichapa, icha-
poli, itilauichr

matched; auaya, ichapa, ichapoa, itilaui

498

mate; ibaianta, ichapa, itichabli

mate, to; auaya, ichabli, ichapa, wchapoa,
ichapoli

mated; auaya, ichapa, ichapoa

material; na fehna, nana

maternal, ishki ahalaia

mates; ichapoa, itichapa

mathematics; na holhtina, nana holhtina

matins, onnahinli aba irki imasilhha

matricide, ishki abi

matrimony, auaya

matrix, ushatto

matron, ohoyo asanonchi

matter; akaniohmi, aninchichi, kaniohmi

matter, a; nana

matter, to; aninchichi, na fehna

mattock; chahe iskifa, itakshish isht chanya

mattress, apatalhpo

maturate, to; aninchichi

maturate, to cause to; aninchichechi

mature; aninchichi, asano, kamassa, nuna

matured; alhtaha, nuna

maturely, fehna

maturity; asano, alhtaha, nuna

maul; isht boa, iti isht boa, nan isht boa

maul, large; isht boa chito, iti isht boa
chito

maul, to; bakaha, boli

maw, takoba

maxim; achi, amtha, na miha

May, Me

may; ahinla, hinla, na

may apple, fala imisito

may be, /o

may have, ahinlatok

mayor, hatak tamaha peticht

maze, imanukfila laua

maze, to; imaiyokomicht

mazy, shanaioa

me; a”, am, an, am, ano, la, sa, sam, san,
sa, sam

meadow; hashuk aiamo, hashuk abasha,
okfa pattasachi

meager; chunna, ilbasha, tiposhi

meal, pushi

meal, a; impa

meal, coarse; bota lakcha”sha

meal, the evening; opiaka impa

mealtime, aiimpa ona

mealy, shila

mean; ahoba, iklanna, makali

mean, the; iklannaka

mean, to; ahni, miha

mean, to render; makalichi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

meander, to; polomoa, polomoli, polo-
molichi

meaning, miha

meanly, makali

meanness, okpulo

means, akanimi

meantime, in the; ataklachi

measles, chiliswa

measles, to be sick with the; chiliswa
abt

measurably, chohmi

measure; alhpisa, isht alhpisa, nan isht
apesa, oka isht alhpisa

measure (regulation), kaniohmi

measure, a land; yakni isht alhpisa

measure, a liquid; oka isht alhpisa

measure, a quart; isht ishko chupak

measure, to; apesa

measure with, to; isht apesa

measured; alhpesa, alhpisa

measurement, apesa

measurer, apesa

meat; ilhpak, ilhpita, ilimpa, nan apa,
nan ilhpak, nipi

meat, a piece of; nipi tushafa

meat, boiled; nipi honni, nipi tabocha

meat, cooked; nipi honni

meat, cured or dried; nipi shila °

meat, fresh; nipi okcharki

meat, rotten; nipi shua

meat, slices of; nipi tushati

meat, slices of fresh; nipi okcharki tu-
shati

meat, stewed; nipi honni

meat ax, nipi isht charya

meat barrel, nipi aialhto

meat beaten up in a mortar, nipi baha

meat bench, nipi abashli

meat bin, nipi aialhto

meat cured and dried, chohpa

meat house, nipinchuka

meat market, nipi aiittatoba

meat trough, nipi aialhto

mechanic, nan ikbi

medal; tali hollo, tali inunchi

medal, a faced; tali hollo

medal for a chief, tali isht mivko

meddle, to; ahalaia

meddler, ahalaia

meddlesome, ahalaia

mediate, to; apesa, nan aiyachi

mediator; hatak nan olabechi, itinnan
aiyachechi, nan aiyachi

medicament, ikhinsh

——

BYINGTON ]

medicine; ikhirsh, ishkinsh

medicine, a powdered; ikhinsh bota

medicine-man, alikchi

meditate, to; anuk/illi

meditation; anuk/illi, imanukfila

meditative, imanuk/ila fehna

medium, avisht itintakla

meed, alhtoba

meek; anukhobela iksho, chutkash yohbi,
yohbi

meekness;
yohbi

meet, alhpesa

meet, to; afama, ahauchi, mokafa

meet at, to; avitafama

meet in battle, to; amokafa

meet with, to; i”sannih

meeter, afama

meeting; abenili, avitafama

meetinghouse; aianumpuli aboha han-
ta, aba anumpa aiisht atta, abai anum-
puli chuka

meeting place, aiitanaha

melancholy; chu”kash akkalusi, imanuk-
jila nukhaklo, nukharklo, oktili

mellow; haiyitko, haksi, lapushki, nuna,
yaboboa, yabosha, yabushki, yabushli,
yatotoa, yatushki, yatushkoa

mellow, to; haiyinko, haiyinkuchi, nuna,
nunachi, yatushki, yatushkichi, yatush-
kul

mellow, to make; yatushkichi

mellowed, lapushki

mellowness, lapushki

melody; ola achukma, taloa achukma

melt, his; intakashi

melt, to; abila, alhkomo, bila, bileli, bile-
lichi, itobila, nukhanklochi, okomuchi

melted; bila, itobila, nukhanklo

melter; bileli, okomuchi

melting, itobila

member; hanali, ibafoka

membership, ibafoka

memoir, isht anumpulit holissochi

memorable; ikhana alhpesa, ikhana fehna

memorial, isht ikhana

memory; aiithana ati, imanukfila,
tkhana

men; hatak ashosh, okla

men, all; hatak hikia puta

men of war, hatak tanap arya

menace, miha

menace, to; miha

menagerie, poa aiasha

churkash yohbi, imanukfila

isht

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

499

mend, to; achukmalechi, atviskiali, aiskia-
chi, akalli, apoksia, kanihmi, kanihmit ia

mended; achukma, aiskachi, aiskia, apok-
sia, alhkata, kanihnu, kanihmit taha

mender; aiskiachi, akalli

menses; hashi alhpisa, hollo

menstruate, to; hollo

mensuration, apesa

mental; imanukfila, imanukfila ahalaia

mention, anumpa

mention, to; anoli, anumpuli

mentioned; anoa, anumpa

mercenary, ilhtohno

merchandise; alhpoyak, ilavyak, imila-
yak, itatoba, nan alhpoyak

merchant; hatak nan chumpa, itatoba, na
kanchi, nan chumpa

mercies, nukhanrklo

merciful; hiahni, nukha*klo

merciless, nukha"klo iksho

mercy; imanukfila nukha"klo, ,imnukhan-
klo, nan imnukharklo

mere; bano, beka, bieka

merely; ba, bano, beka, bieka, illa, peh,
pilla

merely sitting, peh a”sha

merge, to; oklobushlichi

meridian; tabokoa, tabokoli

meridian, to reach the; tabokoa, tabo-
kolt

merit; alhtoba, holitopa

merit, to; asitabi

merry, yukpa

mess, tlhpak tola achafa

mess, to; impa

message; anumpa, anumpa arya

message, a verbal; anumpa kochanli

message, to carry a; anumpa isht arya,
anumpa shali

message, to hear a; anump imeshi

messenger; anumpa isht arya, anumpa
shali, anumpeshi, hatak anumpa_ isht
anya

Messiah, alhtoka

messmate; ibaiimpas impa, itibaiimpa

metal, tala

metal, precious; tali fehna, talukchi

metal, white; tali hata

metaphor, isht alhpisa

mete, ali

mete, to; apesa

meteor; fichik heli, fichik hika, palampa

method, aiyamohmi

methodize, to; apesa

500 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

mettle, imanukfila

mew, to; ya"wa

mewing, ya"wa

mid, iklanna

midday; nitak iklanna, tabokoa, tabokoli

middle; aiiklana, aiiklanaka, tklanna, tk-
lannaka

middle age, near to; kawashachi

middle-aged, kauasha

middle place, aiiklannatka

middling, iklanna

middling, the; shukha pasa

middling old, chikki

midheaven; shutik iklanna, tabokoli

midnight; ninak iklanna, tabokoli

midriff; alaka, ilapa, imataka, iwalwa

midst; iklanna, iklannaka

midst of days, nitak chakpa

midsummer, toffah iklanna

midway, ikianna

midwife, ohoyo alla eshi apistikeli

midwinter, hashtula iklana

mien, pisa

might (potential); ahinlatok, ahinlatuk,
hinlatuk

might (power); aiati, kallo, kilimpi

might have been, he

mightily, fehna

mighty; aia”lika, chito, fehna, kallo, ki-
limpi, tampko, palammi

mighty work, na fehna

migrate, to; wihat arya

migration, wiha

milch; bishahchi, wishahchi

mild; nitavki, shohmakali, yohbi

mild, to make; yohbichi

mildew; fichak champuli, fichak kashatha,
toshoba

mildew, to; toshbichechi, toshbichi am-
mona

mildness, yohbi

mile; isht alhpisa, koi, yakni isht alhpisa

mile, English; na hollo inkowi

milepost, koi isht ikhana

milestone, koi isht ikhana

militant, itibbi

military, tashka chipota

military ornaments, tashka chipota isht
shema

militia, tashka chipota

milk, pishukchi

milk, coagulated; pishukchi walasha

milk, cow’s; wak pishukchi

[ BULL. 46

milk, sour; pishukchi hauashko, pishuk-
chi homi, pishukchi kaskaha, pishukchi
surkko

milk, thick; pishukchi sukko

milk, to; bislichi, bishlichi, wishlichi

milk pail, abishlichi

milk pan, pishukchi aialbiha

milk shelves, pishukchi ataloha

milk strainer, pishukchi ahoiya

milked, bishahchi

milker, bishlichi

milkmaid, ohoyo bishlichi

milkman, hatak pishukchikanchi

milkweed, nuchi

milky; pishukchi a”sha, pishukchi holba

milky way, the; ofi hasimbish inhina, ofi
hata kolofa, ofi tohbi hina :

mill; abasha, afotoha

mill, grist; a/otoha

mill, to; fotoli

mill horse, isuba ta%sh fotoli

mille, talepa sipokni _

millennium, the; afammi talepa sipokni
achafa

miller; fotoli, na fotoli, tarsh fotohli

milliner, ohoyo i”shapo ikbit kanchi

million, talepa sipokni tatepa sipokni

milt; ilapa, takashi

mimic, a; hobachi

mimic, to; hobachi, hobachit anumpuli

mimicker, hobachit anumpuli

mince, to; tushatichi

minced, tushati

mind; anukfila, imanukfila

mind, to; haklo, imantia

mind of man, hatak imanukfila

minded; ahni, anukfila, banna

mindful; ahah ahni, haklo, ikhana

mindless; anukfilli, haklo, imahaksi

mine; ammi, ano

mine, a; tali aiasha, yakni kula

mine, to; yakni kula, yakni kulli

mine, to become; ammi toba

mineral, tali

mingle, to; aiywma, aiyummi, ashuma,
ashummi, ibalhto

mingled; aiywma, ashuma

mingler, ashummi

minister; aba anumpuli, imanumpeshi,
inshati nan isht imatta, nan alhtoka

minister, to; atta, imatati, ipeta

ministered, imalhtaha

minor, Jawa

BYINGTON]

minor, a; asano

minstrel; olachi, taloa

mint, tali holisso aiakmo

mintmaster, tali holisso aiakmo intala

minuet, hila

minute; holisso, hopaki achafa

.minute, one; himonasi achafa

minuted, holisso

miracle; aiisht ahollo, isht ahollo

miracle, to perform a; aiisht ahollochi,
isht ahollo

mire; haiyitko, lukchuk, tabeta, labishko,
lafeha, tafeta, latinko, tatimo

mire, to; lukchuk okakania, oka kania,
oka kaniachi

mire, to make; haiyi"kuchi

mirror, apisa

mirth, yukpa

miry; haiemo, haiyinko, lukchuk chito, ta-
beta, labishko, tachopa, lafeha, tafeta,
latinko, latimo, oklachatko, oktachivko,
oktanshko

miry, being; dabinta

miry, made; haiyi"ko

miry, to make; haiemuchi, tabetachi, la-
fetachi, tatimkuchi, tatimuchi, oktansh-
kochi

misbehave, to; hopoksia

miscarriage, ond

miscarry, to; aiona

mischief, isht afekommi

mischief, to cause; isht akanohmechi

mischievous; acheba, afekommi, affekomi,
isht akanohmi, isht afekomma

mischievous, to make; afekommichi

miscount, to; ashachi

miser, hatak nan i”hollo

miserable; i/basha, isikkopa

miserably, ilbasha

misery; aiilbasha, aleka, ilbasha,
kopa, kommichi, nukhammi

misfortune, imaleka

misfortune, to cause; poa/achi

misgive, to; nukwia, yimmi

misguide, to; yoshobbi, yoshobli

misguided, yoshoba

misimprove, to; okpani

misinterpret, to; anumpa tosholi asha-
chi, ashachit tosholi

misjudge, to; ashachit anuk/filli, ashachit
apesa

mislay, to; ashachit boti

mislead, to; haksichi, yoshobbi

misleads, one who; yoshobbi, yoshobli

isik-

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

501

misled, yoshoba

mismanage, to; ashachit isht atta

misname, to; ashachit hochifo

misremember, to; imahaksi

misrepresent, to; ashachit anoli, holabit
anoli

miss, ashachi

miss, to; ahaksichi, ashachi, imahaksi, ta-
koffi, yoshoba

missed, /akoffi

misshapen; imomokpulo, okpulo

missing; ashachi, iksho, takoffi

missionary, aba anumpuli

mist; okshimmi, oktohbi

mist, to; okshimmichi, okshiplichi, okto-
boha, oktoboli, oktobolichi, okwotummi

mistake; aiashachi, aiashachika, ashachi,
nan ashacheka

mistake, to; ashachi, ashachit anuk/illi,
ashachit ishi

mistake, to make a; aiashachi

mistaken; ashachi, chikimba

mistaker, ashachi

mistletoe, fani shapha

mistranslate, to; anwmpa tosholi asha-
chi

mistress, ohoyo chuka petichi

mistress, school; ohoyo holisso pisachi

mistrust; ahah ikahno, nukwia

mistrust, to; nuktala, nukwia

misty; oktohbichi, yauinyaui

misuse, to; okpani

mite; nana iskitinust, shushi iskitini

miter, mitko imiachuka

mitigate, to; nuktalali, shippali

mitigated, nuktala

mitigation, nuktala

mitten; ibbak abeha, ibbak foka

mix, to; aiyobali, aiywma, aiywmmi, ala-
tali, ashuma, ashummi, ayamasli, iba-
foki, ibakaha, ibakali, ibani, ibalhkaha,
kati, yammichi

mixed; aiywma, atlanta, ashuma, alhto,
ibafoka, ibakaha, ibalhto, ibalhkaha, ok-
tababi, yammaska

mixed, to cause to be; ibakahachi

mixer; ashummi, ibafoki, ibakati, ibani,
itaiyumar

mixture; ashuma, ibakaha, ibalhto, ita-
biha, itaiyuma, itashuma, itibafoka, iti-
balhkaha, itibalhto, nana itaiyuma

moan, to; kifaha, nukhatklo, yaiya

moat, yakni kula tamaha apakfopa

moat, to; yakni kullit tamaha apakfobli

502

_mob, hatak laua itanaha

moccasin; shaui imanchaha, shulush

moccasin snake, chwnasha

moccasin snake, pied; shawi imanchaha

mock, hobachi

mock, to; ahoba, hobachi, hobachit anum-
puli, isht uklakafa, olalli, opoma, yim-
michi, yopoma

mocker, hobachit anumpuli

mockery, hobachi

mocking bird, hushi balbaha

mode; aiyamohmi, yamohmi

model; aiakmi, isht alhpisa

model, to; apesa

moderate, alhpesa

moderate, to; chulosa, chulosachi, nuk-
talali, nuktala

moderated; chulosa, nuktala

moderately; chohmi, salahat

moderation; chulosa, nuktala

moderator; hatak itanaha petichika, nuk-
talali, peticheka

modern, himak

moderns, the; hatak himaka

modest; kostini, nuktanla, takshi

modesty, imanukjfila nuktanla

modified, inlat toba

modify, to; inlachi, nuktalali

moiety, iklanna

moist; anukyohbi, hokulbi, hotokbi, lacha,
okyohbi, shachakamo, shinasbi, shinisbi,
shummi

moist, to make; shinisbichi

moist in the mouth, to be; ttaklalashli

moisten, to; anukyohbichi, hokulbichi,
hotokbichi, lachali, shummichi

moistened; anukyohbi, lacha, shummi,
yukabr

moisture, shummi

moisture, to cause; shinisbichi

moisture on the flesh, shinisbi

molasses, hapi champuli okchi

mold, hakbona

mold, to; akkoli, hakbonachi, shakbonachi

mold anew, to; atuklant akmichi

molded; alhkoha, hakmo

molded anew, atuklant akmt

moldy; bokboki, hakbona, shakbona

mole; tali lusa, yulhkun

molest, to; anumpulechi, apistikeli

mollify, to; nuktalali

molt, to; boyafa, boyaffi, toni, trkafa,
wuklo

molted, boyafa

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

moment, yakosi ititakla

momentary, yakosi ititakla

monarch, mirko

monarchy, apelichika

Monday, nitak hollotuk onna

money, tali holisso

money, paper; tali holisso tapuski

money, purchase; ali holisso
chumpa

money, silver; tali holisso

money, to coin; tali holisso ikbi

money box, tali holisso aialhto

money changer, fali holisso itatoba

money drawer, tali holisso aialhto

money purse, tali holisso aialhto

money purse, to put into a; tali ho-
lisso ishukcha foki

moneyed, tali holisso inlaua

mongrel, ik/anna

monitor; i”miha, miha

monkey; hatak shaui, shaui hatak

monster; haknip inla, hatak okpulo, im-
omokpulo

monstrous; inla fehna, okpulo

month, hashi

month, one; hashi achafa

month, this; himak hashi

monthly; hashi achafakma, hashi moma

monument, nan isht ikhana

monumental record, isht ikhana

moon; hashi, hashi ninak avya, hashninak
anya

moon, one; hashi achafa

moon, the full; hashi bolukta

moon, the new; hashi himmona, hashi
himmona talali, hashi himo auata, hashi
talali

moon, the old of the; hashi loshuma

moonlight; hashninak arya tohwikeli, ni-
tak oma

moonshine; hashninak arya
nitak omi

moor; ku®shak atsha, okla™shko

mop, nan isht kasholichi

mop, to; kasholichi

moral; hopoksia, kostini

moral man; hatak alhpesa, hatak kostini

morality, hopoksa

moralize, to; hopoksiachi

morbid, tiposhi

more; akucha, atampa, himakma, ishati,
moma

more, being a little; i”shalakli

more than one, achafa atampa

isht

tohwikeli,

BYINGTON ]

moreover; himakma, yamohmikma

morn, onnahinli

morning; onna,
Sehna

morning light; onnat minti, onnat okti-
lincht

morning light, the coming of; onnat
minti

morning light, the return of}; onnat
oktink

morning worship, onnahinli aba iki
imasilhha é

morose; batshkiksho, nukoa

moroseness, nukoa

morrow, onnaha

morsel; apa kitinisi, kitinisi

mortal; ila hinla, illahe imma, isht illa
hinla

mortal, a; hatak

mortal sickness, abeka okpulo

mortar; chuka isht alhpolosa, isht alhpo-
losa, lukfi yammaska

mortar, a; ahosi, kitti

mortar, meat; abaha

mortar, to make; lukfi yamaska

mortar, wooden; abaha

mortification; hofahya, nip illit shua,
nipi shua

onnahinli, onnahinli

mortified; hofahya, kostini, nip illit shua,

nipt shua

mortify, to; hofahyachi, kostininchi, nip
wlit shua, nip illit shuachi

mosquito; chu"kash apa, hatak chunkash
apa, isapuntak

mosquito bars, isapuntak inchuka

mosquito hawk, haksobish anli

moss, tree; iti shwmo

mossy, iti shwmo laua

most; a”husi, fehna, laua inshati

most distant, intannap

Most High, The; nana moma inshati

mote; hoshunluk, iskatinosi, nana iski-
tinust

moth; shutshi, shu®shi nan tanna apa

mother; chishke, hashki, ishki

mother (in vinegar), dikaha

mother-in-law; ippokni, ipochi ohoyo,
tpokni, ohoyo haloka

mother tongue, ishki imanumpa

motion; a”ya, ilhkoli, michik

motion, to be quick in; yilishachi

motive, ahni

mound; bokko, bunto, nanih, nanih bun-
to, yakni bunto

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

508

mount; bokko, nanih, nanih bunto, nanih
chaha, onchaba chaha

mount, to; aba isht ia, abia, oiya, omanili

mountain; chaha i%shali nanih, nanih,
nanth chaha, onchaba chaha, unchaba
chaha

mountain, a burning; nanih lua

mountain side; abaksacheka, abaksileka

mounter, oid

mourn, to; il/basha, na nukharklo, nuk-
harklo, tabashi

mourn with, to; ibanukha"klo

mourned unto, yaiya

mourner; yaiya, yarya

mournful; ashabi, yaiya

mournful, to render; ashabichi

mourning; nan lusa isht tabashi, tabashi,
yaiya

mourning, in time of; tabash

mourning clothes, to wear; tabashi

mourning for the dead, nan anusi

mourning person, tabash

mourning pole, iti humma

mouse; oksanla, pinti

mouse, field; pintukfi

mousetrap, pinti ahokli

mouth; itakha, iti, satih

mouth, to; apa

mouth, toward the; sokbish pila

mouth of a crater or bottle, itopa

mouth of a creek, bok asetili

mouth of a jug, kotoba ittopa

mouth of a stream; asetili, sokbish

mouth of a stream, at the; sokbish
pilla

mouthful; itakha achafa, kopoli achafa

movable, kanalla hinla

move, kanali

move, to; chanalli, fotoha, ia, ilhkolechi,
ilhkoli, <ilhkolichi, kanali, kanalichi,
kanallichi, mati, nowa, nukoachi, wi-
chikli, witha, witekachi, witikli, witikwinli,
yanakachi

move, to cause to; poalichi, wihachi

move about, to; bininili, fahfoa, fahfuli,
fullokachi, twalichr

move along, to; akanalichi, arya, kanal-
lit anya, wihat arya

move and arrive, to; wihat ala

move and settle, to; kanallit binili,
wthat binili

move and swarm, to; wihachi

move away, to; kanakli

move camp, to; bina awiha

504

move from, to; akanalli

move out, to; kucha weheli, kucha wiha

move quickly, to; kannakli, palhki, yi-
lepa

move slowly on, to; salahat atya

move suddenly, to; lipa

move the eyebrows, to; okmisikali

move the head and neck, to; kona-
misli

move to do or say, to; nukfoki

moved; kanali, piakachi

moved out, kucha wiha

movement, ihkoli

mover; a’ya, ilhkoli,
witha

moving; kanali, kanalli, wiha

moving about, to be; kananant avya

moving about, to keep; kananali, ka-
nanali

mow, hashuk itanaha

mow, to; amo, bashli, hashuk ashachi,
hashuk bashli

mowed; basha, hashuk basha

mowed, place; hashuk abasha

mower; bashli, hashuk bashli

mown; almo, basha, hashuk basha

much; aiaka, fehna, lawa

much, to do; lawachi

much, very; lawachit

much ice, okti chito

muck, wak inyalhki

mud; haiyitko, lukchuk, tabeta, tachirko,
lafeha, tafeta

mud, deep; luwkchuk chito

mud, to; litel:

mud dauber, tekhanto

muddied, lukchuk bano

muddle, to; haksichi, okpanit

muddled; haksi, okpulo

muddy; boha, liteha, lukchuk asha, luk-
chuk bano, tabeta, tacharko, lachinko,
lafeha, lafeta, tatinko, oktachatko, okta-
chinko

muddy, to; liteli, lukchuk banuchi, tabe-
tachi, tachinkochi, tafehachi, oktachan-
kochi, oklachinkochi

muddy, very; lukchuk chito

mudfish, shupik

muff, ibbak alibishli

mug; isht ishko, isht ishko chaha

mug, small; isht ishkushi

muggy, shummi

mulatto; hatak lakna, hatak lusa iklanna,
hatak lusa lakna, hatak lusa nipi humma,
nipt humma

kanali, kanalli,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BuLL. 46

mulberry, bihi

mulberry grove, bihi talaia

mulberry tree, bili api

mule; isuba haksobish falaia, isuba na-
shoba

mullein, hakchuma holba

multiplied, ibakaha

multiply, to; ahofallechi, lauachi, wun-
cholola

multitude; hatak itanaha, hatak laua,
laua, okla, okla chito, okla laua

multitude of travelers, hatak lawat arya

mum; anumpult keyu, chulosa, samanta

mumble, to; bimihachi

mumps, tkonla shatali

munition, isht itibbi

murder, hatak abi

murder, to; abi, hatak abi, hatak illichi

murder all, to; hatak abit tati

murdered, hatak abi

murderer; abi, hatak abi, hatak abit tati,
hatak binka abi, hatak illichi, nan abi

murderous; hatak abi, ilbashali, ilba-
shalit abi

murmur, anoli

murmur, to; bimihachi, forhka, fopa,
lumanamihachi, nan isht miha

murmurer, nan isht miha

muscadine, suwko

muscles near the groin, 7”nasobakso-
bish

muse, to; anuk/jilli

mush, ashela

mush, to make; ashelikbi

mush made of acorns, okshash

mushlike, moashki

mushroom; chulahtu"sh, lu”slo, pakti

mushy; moashki, moyayankachi

music, taloa

music book, ataloa

music master, taloa ikhanachi

music of the drum, alepola

musician, taloa imponna

musket; tanamp fabassa, tanampo

muskmelon; okchak, okchatk balama

must; kalama, yohmi alhpesa

must be, pulla

must not; ahe keyu, n, na

mustard, mastat

mustard seed, mastat nihi

mustard stalk, mastat api

muster, to; itannali, tashka chipota itan-
nali

musty, kalama

mutable, inla hinla

BYINGTON]

‘mute; anumpuli, anumpuli keyu
mute, a; anumpuli, hatak anumpulr
mutilate, to; basht tapli, okpani
mutilated, okpulo
mutton, chukfalhpowa nipi
mutual friends, kana
mutual helps, itapela
mutual interest, ahalaia
mutual relations, kanomi _
mutually strengthened, allo
muzzle; ibishakni foka, itopa
muzzle of a bottle, kotoba ittopa
muzzle of a gun, tanampo ittopa
muzzle, to; itihtakchi
my; a”, an, ain, ammi, sa, sa, si
myriad; laua, talepa sipokni pokoli
myrrh, mali
myself, ano
mystery; nan inla, nan luma

nab, to; kopoli

nag; isuba, isuba iskitini

nail; atakali, atakoli, chufak

nail, short; chufak yushkololi

nail, small; chufak chipinta, chufak ushi

nail, toe; iyakchush

nail, to; ahonali, ahonatichi, anati, ana-
tichi, honatichr

nailed; ahonata, anata, honata

nailer, chufak ikbi

naked; bano, fomosa, haiaka, haknip
bano, hishi iksho, luma, na foka iksho,
nipt bano

nakedness; haiaka, shahbi

name; hochifo, hohchifo

name, to; hochifo, hochifochi

named; hochifo, hochifo takali, hohchifo

nameless, hochi/o iksho

namer; hochifo, na hochifo

nap, nust iskitint

nap, to; nusi iskitint

nape; iachuna, iachushak

napkin, ibbak isht kasholichi

narrate, to; anoli, holissochi

narrated; anoa, holisso

narration; anoa, anoli

narrative; anoli, isht anumpa

narrator, anoli

narrow; atikkonofa,

okshiyanli, patha

naitUm, to; iskitinichi, pathachi

narrdw way, hina ikpatho

narrowed, patha

narrows, itintakla atia

tibanta, okshianli,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

505

nasty; okpulo, shua

Natchez, Nahchi

Natchez trace, the; hina

nation; okla, oklushi, yakni

national; okla, ahalaia, oklushi ahalaia

native; aiatta, hatak

native place, aiatta

natural; aiimoma, imanrka

natural, a; imanukfila iksho

natural fool, imanukfila iksho avimoma

naturally, aiimomachi

naturally small; aiimoma, imoma

nature; aiimalhpesa, alhtayak, nana moma

naught, to set at; keywkechi

naughty; haksi, okpulo

nausea, hoeta banna

nausea, to feel; nukpoalli

nauseate, to; anukpoali, yuala, yualacht

nauseous; nukpaualli, ywala

nauseous, to render; yualachi

naval action, peni chito aiitibi

nave of a wheel, iti chanaha iklanna

navel, hatambish

navel gall, porkshi

navel string; haiombish, hatambish

navigable, peni ataya

navigate, to; peni isht arya

navigator, peni isht arya

navy, pent hochito kanomona

nay; ahath, keyu, okho

nay, a; keyw

neap, isunlash

near; a”husi, apunta,
cheki, holitopa, itoma

near, quite; bilirkasi

near, to; bilinka, bilinchi

near, to be very; bilimkasi

near, to make; bilinchi

near, very; bilinkasi, itomasi, tomalust

near at hand, olasi

near by; olanli, olasi

near to, atikkonofa

nearest, bilinchi kat imshaht tati

nearly; a’hesi, a™husi, bilinchi, he, naha,
pullast

nearness; bilitka, itoma

nearsighted, bilivka

neat, kashofa

neat (of cattle), wak

neatly, hashofat

neb; ibichilu, ibishakni

necessarily, pulla

necessary; alhpesa,
alhpesa

bilinka, bilinchi,

pulla, yamohmahe

506 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

necessitate, to; yamohmahe alhpesachi

necessitous, i/basha

necessity; i/basha, yamohmahe alhpiesa

neck, itkonla

neck, the back side of the; chushak

neck, the joint of the; 7”nosishboya

neck of a junk bottle, chu”sa

neckcloth; innuchi, inuchi

necklace; innuchi, inuchi, shikalla

necromancer, hatak holhkunna

need; aialhpiesa, banna, ilbasha

need, to; banna

needle; chufak nan isht achunli, chufak
nishkin ansha, chufak ushi, isht achunli

needle, knitting; tali isht tana

needle maker, chufak ush ikbi

needleful, chufak nishkin topulli achafa

needy; ilbasha, na banna

ne’er; chatuk, himma keyu

nefarious, okpulo fehna

negation; aha"h, keyu

negative; ahah, keyu

negative, to; ahah achi, keywachi

neglect; aksho, yamichi

neglect, to; ahaksi, ahaksichi, aksho, ya-
michahe keyu

neglected; ahaksi, aksho

neglecter, yamichi

negligence, yamichi

negotiate, to; anumpuli, chumpa

negotiator; na kanchi, nan chumpa

negress, hatak lusa ohoyo

negro, hatak lusa

neigh, sihitka

neigh, to; sihivka

neighbor; bili”katta, chuka abilinka, chuka
apanta, chuka apantali, chuka apalli,
chukapanta

neighborhood; bilirka,
itibilinka ansha

neither; achafahpi,
keyu, kesh

nephew, ibaiyt

nerve, kallo

nerve, a; akshish

nervous; halati, kallo

nervous, to make; halalichi

nest; alhpichik, chuka

nest, bird’s; hushi imalhpichik

nest, hornet’s; fohkul inchuka

nest, to; alhpichik ikbi

nest maker, apeli

nest of a wild beast, poa nusi

nest of the bumblebee, o”sini inchuka

chuka lukonli,

aiena, kanimampo

[BULL. 46

nestle, to; alata, binili

nestling, hushushi

net; isht albi, isht hokli

nether; nutaka, sokbish

nethermost, akkafehna

nettle, hatak holhpa

nettle, bull; hashtapota, hatapusha

nettle, to; hatak holhpalli, holhpalli

nettled; hatak holhpa, holhpa

neuter, kanimampo keyu

neutral; ahalaia, kanimampo keyu, peh
a”sha

never; chahtoshba, chatok, chatuk, himma,
himma keyu, himmona, nitak nana, nitak
nanta

never can, hatoshba

never mind, kia

nevertheless; kia, yohmi kia

new; himmona, inla

new heart, chutkash himmona

New Orleans, Balbancha

newish, himmona chuhmi

newly, cheki

newness, himmona

news; anumpa kaniohmi, nana kaniohmi

newsman; hatak nan anoli, nan anolt

newsmonger, nan anoli

newspaper, holisso nowat anya

next; achatka, atukla, himmakma

nibble, to; chinoli, kiti

nibbler, kilt

nice; achukma, anti, alhpiesa, kashaha

nicely, ali

nick, to; bashli

nick of time, aialhpesa

nickname; himak fokalit hohchifo, hochifo
okpulo, tabash

nickname, to; himak fokalit hochefo

niece, ibitek

niggard, hatak nan i*hollo

niggardly, makali

nigh; bilinka, itoma, naha

night, ninak

night, birth; ninak aiatta

night, this; himak ninak

night, to work till; shohbichi

night.craziness, ninak tasembo

nightcap, ninak ialipa

nightfall, opiakmanya

nightmare, shimoha

nightmare, to bring on the; shimo-
hachi

nightmare, to have the; shimoha

nightshade, ofi inhoshuwa

Ss Soe

CA me SO ae ELA Ge)

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY OF
nightwalker, ninak tasembo
nihility, na fehna keyu
nimble, tushpa
nine, chakali
nine, to make; chakali
nine times, chakaliha
ninefold, inluhmi
ninepence; iskali, iskali achafa
nineteen; abichakali, ahbichakali
nineteen, to make; ahbichakali
nineteen times; abichakaliha, ahbicha-
kaliha

nineteenth, isht ahbichakali

nineteenth time, isht ahbichakaliha

ninetieth, isht pokoli

ninety, pokoli

ninth, isht chakali

ninth time, isht chakaliha

nip, to; kobli, tushatichi

nip off, to; taptuli

nipped, tushati

nippers, tali isht kiseli

nipple; ibish, ipi™shik

nit; issap nihi, nihi

niter, hapi kapassa

nitter, shu”shi isuba acheli

no; ahah, chikimba, ha", iksho, keyoh,
keyu, kia

no, to cause; keyuchi

no, to say; ahah achi

no one; kana keyu, kata

noble, chito

noble, a; hatak chitokaka, holitompa

nobleman, hatak holitompa

nobly, chitot

nobody, kana keyu

nocturnal, ninak foka

nod, i”miha

nod, to; faiokachi, yuhchunni

noggin, iti isht ishko
‘noise; chamakachi, kas, kitihachi, kini-
hachi, kitik, kolak, komok, komuk, ko-
taha, tachak, michik, mishuk, patak, sak,
sakaha, sakakachi, shachak, shakanlichi,
shakapa, shakawa, tilukachi, yuhapa

noise, to; anol

noise, to make a; kabakachi, kilihachi,
tobukachi, mishukachi, nutikahchi, saka-
lichi, shachaha, shachakachi, shakahachi,
shakapa, shakanwa, shakabli, shakablichi,
tobahchih, washahachi

noised; anoa, annoa

noisome, okpulo

noisy; yahapa, yuhapa

nominal, hochifo bieka

THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 507

nominate, to; atokoli

nominated; atokowa, alhtoka

none; amohmi, iksamiksho, iksho, kanima

none, to have; iksho

none there, to be; wksho

nonesuch, mh

nonplus, aiyokoma

nonplus, to; aiyokomichi

nonsense; anumpa kaniohmi
anumpa keyu

nook, shokulbi

noon; tabokoa, tabokoli

noon, about; tabokoli foka

noon, before; tabokoli ikono

noon, past; tabokoli ont ia

noonday, tabokoli

nooning, tabokoli foha

noontide, tabokoli foka

noose, ashekonopa

noose, to; hokli

nor, kia

north, falammi

north star, falammz fichik

north wind, falammi mali

northeast, chukjikpelo

northerly; falammi chohmi, falammi im-
ma, falammi pila

northern; falammi chohmi, falammi im-
ma, falammi minti, falammi pilla

northward; falammi imma, falammi pila

northwest, falammi hashi aiokatula itin-
takla

nose; ibichilu, ibishakni

nosebleed, ihikoa

nostril, a; ibishakni chiluk

nostrils, the; ibichilu

nostrum, ikhitsh luma

not; ak, atoshba, atuko, atukosh, chikimba,
chint, hatosh, hatuko, hatukosh, ik, kahe,
kahinla, kahioke, katimi, ke, keho, keyu,
kil, kiloh, n, na

not, shall; wa

not, will; kashke, wa

not any; iksho, keyu

not bound, yuka keyu

not far, olanli

not so; ahath, ha, hatosh

not yet; kiv, kinsha

notable; anoa, ikhana alhpesa, na fehna

notch, to; chakoffi, chakoli, chakotichi, ka-
lowa, lakoffi, lakoti, lakotichi, lanpli

notch deep, to; lakabli

notched; chakoa, chakofa, kalowa, lakapa,
lakofa, lakowa, lampa

notched stick, iti chauana

keyu,

508

notcher, chakoffi

notches; chakoa, chakofa, kalowa, kolofa,
lakofa, lakoti, lakonwa, lanlaki

note; holisso, holisso iskitini, isht alhpisa,
taloa

note in music; ataloa, ilhtalowak

note, to; holissochi, ikhana

noted; anoa, holisso, ikhana, ikhana
achukma e

nothing; ba, na fehna keyu, nan ikahobo,
nana keyu, nana kia, peh, pilla

notice; aiokpanchi, ikhana, pitsa

notice, to; ahni, aiokpachi, haklo, pisa

notified, anoa

notifier; hatak nan anoli, nan anol

notify, to; anoli, haklochi

notion, imanukfila

notional, imanukfila laua

notorious; haiaka, ikhana

notwithstanding; kia, yohmi kia, yohmi
nana kia

nourish, to; hofantichi, hopotalli, tkha-
nanchi, ipeta

nourished; hofanti, ilhpita

nourisher; hofantichi, ipeta

nourishment; ahofanti, anumpa, ilimpa

novel, himmona

novelty; himmona, na himmonna

November, Nofimba

novice; himmona isht atta, himonna isht
atta

now; himak, himak nitak, himaka, himo,
himona, himonasi, inta, ma™shko

now don’t, wehkah

noway, kanima kia keyu

nowhere; kanima kia, kanima kia keyu

noxious, okpulo

nuisance, ataklama

null; aksho, kashofa, kobafa 4

null, to; akshuchi, kashoffi, kobaffi »

nullification, akshuchi |

nullified, kobafa :

nullifier, kobaffi :

nullify, to; akshuchi, kobaffi “

nullity, kobafa >

numb; ili, shimoha, taliskachi, talissa,
talissa, tamissa -

numb, to; illichi, shimohachi, talissachi

number; aholhtina, holhpena, holhtina,
kanomona, laua

number, a small; kanomusi

number, to; hopena, hotina

numbered; aholhtina, holhpena, holhtena

numbered, men; hatak holhtina

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

numberless, aholhtina iksho

numbness; chilina, illi, shimoha, tatis-
kachi, talissa, talissa e

numbness, great; chilinoha

numerable, holhtina hinla

numerate, to; hopena

numeration; hopena, hotina

numerator; hopena, hotina

numerous; kanomona, laua

nuptial, auaya

nuptials; awaya, ohoyo ipetachi

nurse; abeka apistikeli, alla apistikeli,
alla shola

nurse, to; abeka apistikeli, alla apisti-
keli, pishechi

nurture; ahofanti, ilhpak, ilimpa

nurture, to; hofantichi, ipeta

nut, ani

nut cake, pask alwasha

nutriment; ahofanti, ilhpak, ilimpa, nan
apa

nutshell, joni

nymph, korwi anutkasha

O!; aume, tkikki, kbano, ma

O dear; aiehna!, huk

oak, a species of; bishkoni, bushto, nu-
sapt

oak, blackjack; chiskilik

oak, overcup; bashto

oak, post; chisha

oak, Spanish; chilhpatha

oak, white; bait

oaken, baii toba

oakum, pinash

oar; isht mofi, peni isht moa

oar, long; isht halalli

oar, to; mo”ffi, monffit isht ia

oath, anumpa kallo

oats; isuba apa, onush, onush isuba apa

obdurate, kallo

obedience, imantia

obedient, imantia

obeisance, akkachunoli

obey, to; antia, atia, imantia

obeyer, imantia

obituary, hatak illi isht anumpa

object; na kanimi, nana

object, to; haklo, imalami

objections, to cause; imalammichi

objector, imalammir

oblation, isht aiokpachi

obligated, onutula

obligation; aheka, onochi, onutula

Vo*

es | ee) Sore. a ee oe

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY

obligation, to assume an; anumpa ilo-
nuchi

obligations, to lay oneself under;
anumpa kallo ilonuchi

oblige, to; anumpa ilonuchi,
yukpalt

obliquity, filammi

obliterate, to; kashoffi, kashoffichi

obliterated, kashofa

oblivion, ahaksit kania

oblong; akark ushi holba, falaiakat aua-
taka inshati

obloquy, mihachi

obnoxious; hepulla, hinla, okpulo

obscene; okpulo, yuala

obscenity, nana yuwala

obscure; oktili, tulhpakali

obscure (applied to language), afalapa

obscure, to; oklilechi

obscurely; lwma, lumasi, oktili

obscureness; aioklileka, aluma, oktili

obscurity; aioktileka, aluma

obsequies; hohpi, yaiya, yanusi

obsequious, imantia achukma

observance; aiokpanchi, imantia

observation; anumpa, imantia

observe, to; ahni, ahnit, anumpuli, apis-
tikeli, holitobli, ikhana, imantia, pisa

observer; ikhana, pisa, pimsa

obsolete; aksho, akshot taha, sipokni

obstacle, ataklama

obstinacy; chu”kash kallo, isht afekommi

obstinate; chu”kash kallo, haksi, ilafoa

obstruct, to; atapachi, lablichi, okhatapa,
oktabli

obstructed, oktapa

obstructer, oktabli

obstruction; anukbikeli, isht okshilita,
isht oktapa, nan isht takalama, oktabli,
oktapa

obtain, to; ishi

obtain, to endeavor to; iakaiyachit pisa

obtain a favor, to; habena

obtain food as a present, to; chukala-
hacha

obtained as a present, habena

obtainer, ishi

obtrude, to; chukoa, ibachukoa, ibafoka,
ibafokr

obtund, to; alichi

obtuse; halupa, weki

obviate, to; bashpuli, kanallichi, naksika
boti

obviated, kania

onochi,

OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

509

obvious, haiaka

occasion; healhpesa, kaniohmi, nan ihmi

occasion, to; yamihchi

occasion of death, aiisht ili

occasional, kaniohmikma

occidental; hashi aiokatula, hashi aioka-
tula imma, hashi aiokatula pila

occult; lwma, lumpoa

occupant, atta

occupation; ishi, isht anta, isht alta, nan
isht anta

occupier; halalli, mshi

occupy, to; aiasha, anta, alta, halalli,
inshr

occur, to; haiaka, ikhana, nukfoka, ya-
mohmi

occurrence; kaniohmi, nana kanihmi

ocean, okhata chito

October, Aktoba

ocular, pi%sa

oculist, nishkin imalikchi

odd; atampa, illa, inla, itilaui keyu

odd one, alhkucha

oddity, inla

oddly; illa, inla

odds; holba, itilaui keyu, itinnukoa

ode, ataloa

odious; okpulo, yuala

odium, isht yuwala

odor; balama, na balama

odoriferous, balama

odorous, balama

of; a, imma

of any kind, kaniohmi kia

of old, nitak tinkba

of us, pin

off; bilia, intannap, misha, pila, pilla

offal; atampa, na shua

offence; nan isht avbitabli, nana aribe-
tabla

offend, to; ashachi, chutkash hutupali,

chunkash nati, ibetablichi, nukoachi, yo-
shobbi

offended; alhpiesa, chowa, chu®kash hu-
tupa, chukash nata, ibetabli, nukoa

offended spirit, chukash hutupa

offender; anumpa kobaffi, chutkash hu-
tupali, nukoachi, yoshoba

offends, one who; yoshobbi

offense; aiibetabli, ashachi, ataklammichi,
hashcha, hotupa, nukoa

offensive; achukma, nukoa, okpulo, yuala

offer, to; boli, ima, imissa, parfi, taka-
kanli, takalechi, wali, welt

510

offer to death, to; illiissa

offerer; boli, imissa

offering; imissa, isht aiokpachi

office; aiapoksia, aialhtoka, aiyamohmahe
alhpesa, isht atta

officer; afisa, anumpeshi, hatak alhtoka,

hatak hullo, nan alhtoka, okla petichi,

petichi

officer, to; anumpeshi atokulli

official, nan alhtoka

officiate, to; apuskiachi

officious; aiokpanchi, ataklama, kana

offset; isht kashofa, kashoffi, kania, un-
cholulla

offspring; iso, isht atiaka, uncholulli, ushi

oft, fehna

often; fehna, himonnan

ogle, to; afalapoli

oh! ah, aiehna!, alleh, hale!, huk, hush,
ikbano, ikbato, ikikki, ohhoh

oh dear! akshuki!, akshupi!, ali, alleh,
eha, hauk

oh that; hokbano, ikbano, ikbato, kbano,
kbato

oil; ahama, bila, na bila

oil, to; ahammi

oil bag, pa”shahama

oil for the head, pa”shahama

oiled; ahama, bilahama, litikfo

oily, bila bieka

oint, to; ahammi

ointed, ahama

ointment; ahama, ikhinsh, isht ahama

old; asahnoyechi, chikki, hopaki, imoma-
chi, kasheho, tipa, sipi, sipokni

old, to make; chikkichi, sipoknichi

old man, hatak sipokni

old woman, kasheho

older; akni, sipokni itshatt

oldest, sipokni kat inshati

oldest son, iki ichapa

oldness, sipokni

omen, isht alhpisa

omission, yamicht

omit, to; ahaksi, ahaksichi, imahaksi, ya-
michahe keyu

On; a, ai, o”, on, um

on account of, isht

on high; aba, aba pilla, chaha

on the left hand, alhfabek imma

on the morrow, onnakma

on this side; olah intannap, olehma,
olimma, takla

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 46

once; himmona, himonna, himonna acha-
Janli, himonnaha

once more; anoa, anonti

one; achafa, ak, amih achafa

one, to; chafali

one, to do; achafa, achafali, chafali

one, to give; achafali

one, to make; achafa, achafonachi, chafali

one, to single or select out; achafali,
achafalichi, achafonachi

one accord, imanuk/fila achafa

one nation, okla talaia

one people; okla chafa, okla talaia

one time, to be at; himonna achafa

one to another, itim

one who reproaches, posilhha shali

one with; aiena, avibachanfa, ibachafa

oneness, achafa

onerous, weki

onion; hato”falaha, shachuna

onion, large; hato”falaha chito

only; bano, bat, beka, bieka, hokbano, hok-
bato, illa, peh, yammak beka

only that, yammak beka

only the, ak

onset, amoshuli

onward, pit

ooze; okchi, wak hakshup isht hummachi

ooze, to; bichilli, bishbeti, okchushba, pi-
chilli, shinilli

ooze out, to cause to; bichillichi, piche-
Licht

opacity, oklili

opaque, oklili

open; aia’ti, akamassa, a”ti, chilafa, fa-
tema, haiaka, itakmofoli, itakpashali,
itakpofonli, mabi, shahbi, tiapa, tiwa,
tua

open, to; anoli, amiffi, bokafa, fachanh,
fatummi, fichanli, katali, kata, katali,
tumpli, mitaffi, pachanh, patalli, tiabli,
tiwa, tiwi, tosholi, tua, tuwi, tuwichi,
wakama, wakamoh, wakammi, wakoha,
wakoti, watama, watammi, wattachi

open, to burst; tiwa

open, to cause to; fatwmmichi, tiwichi,
tuwichi, patatichi, wakotichi, yatapa

open and form a fissure, to; chiluk toba

opened; fatoma, fichanli, kala, mitafa, pa-
chanhi, tiwa, tua, wakama, wakamoa,
wakoha, watama

opener; fatummi, fatummichi, patallt, to-
sholi, tuwi

|

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY

opening; atiwa, atohwali, atua, haiaka,
shahbika, tohwali, tohyuali

opening in a fence, holihta atiwa

opening in the woods, ombala

openly, haiakat

openness; ati, shahbi

opens, one who; watammi

operate, to; yamohmi

operation, yamohmi

operator, yamohmi

opiate; ikhinsh nusechi, ishkot nusi

opiate administered, ishkochechit nu-
sechi

opinion, imanuk/fila

opinionated, yimmi

opium; ikhinsh nusechi, natit ili apat nusi

opodeldoe, ikhitsh ahama

opossum, shukata

opponent, tanap

opportune, aialhpesa

opportunity, aialhpiesa

oppose, to; ataklammi, ichapa, imalami

opposer, ataklammi

opposite; ichapa, ichapaka

opposite directions at once, in;
tankla

opposite side of a creek, bok intannap

oppress, to; ibashachi, ilbashalechi, ilba-
shali

oppressed, ilbasha

oppression; ibasha, ilbashali

oppressive; palammi, weki

oppressor; ilbashachi, ilbashali

opprobrious, okpulo

option, ahni

optional, ahni

opulence, nan inlaua

opulent, nan inlaua

or; kia, yok

or else, keyukmat

oral, anumpa

orally, anumpa

orange, hata lakna

orange red, tularkoba

oration; anumpa, anumpa isht hika

orator, anumpa isht hika

oratory, anumpa isht hika

oratory, an; aianumpuli aboha hanta

orb; na bolukta, nan chanaha, nan lumbo

orbed; bolukta, chanaha, lumbo

orbit, atia

orbit of a planet, fichik atia

orchard, peach; osapa takkon aiasha

ordain, to; atokoli, hilechi

ita-

OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

511

ordained; atokowa, alhtoka

order; aiyamohmi, anumpa alhpisa, iti-
lawi achafa

order, to; anumpa kallo onuchi, apesa,
miha, petichi

ordered; anumpa kallo onutula, alhpesa

orderly; achukmat, itilauit

ordinance; anumpa alhpisa, anumpa kal-
lo, alhpisa

ordinary; aialhpesa, na fehna keyu, peh
alhpesa

ordination; aiokoli, alhtoka

ordnance; tanamp chito, tanamp hochito

ordure, yalhki

organ, alepa

orient, hashi akuchaka

oriental, hashi akuchaka

orientals, the; hashi akuchaka okla

orifice, chiluk

origin; avisht awechi, aiisht ia ammona,
aminti

origin, place of; atoba

original, tinkba

original, the; tikba

originate, to; ia, ikbi

originate at, to; minti

ornament; aiukleka, isht aiukli, isht
ilakshema, isht shema, nan isht shema

ornament, to; fohka, fohkachi, shema,
shemachi

ornament with, to; isht aiuklichi

ornamented, shema

orphan; alhtakla, alla alhtakla

orphanage, alhtakla

orthodox, aba anumpa yimm

orts; atampa, lishoa

oscillate, to; fahata, falamoa

ossify, to; foni ikbi, foni toba

ossuary; hatak illi foni aiasha, tashka
chuka

ostensible, haiaka

ostentation, haiaka

ostentatious, ilefehnachi

other; achafa, inla, intannap, tannap,
yato

other side, mishtannap

other side of a creek, bok mishtannap

otherwise; keyuwkma, yatush

otter, oshan

ought; he, hetuk

ounce, auts

our; hapi, hapin, hapim, hapimmaz, hapin,
hapishno, hapimmi, pi, pi”, pim, pimmi,
pin, pishno

512

our, to become; hapimmi toba

ours; hapimmi, pimmi, pishno

ourselves, pishno akinli

oust, to; akuchi, kuchicha

ousted, kucha

out; akuncha, haiaka, kochanl, kucha

out, to; akuchi, kuchichi

out of; akwcha, kucha

out of date; aksho, sipokni

out of the way, yoshoba

outcast, kucha

outery; komuntat parya, tahpala

outdo, to; imaiya, imaiyachi, ishaticht

outer, kucha fehna

outgo, to; ia, imaiya

outgrow, to; imaiya

outlast, to; imaiya

outlive, to; imaiya

outmost; alipilla, wishakchi

outrage, to; hotupali

outrageous; nukoa, okpulo

outside; anaksika, kucha, pakna, pak-
naka

outside of the bend, poloma

outwalk, to; imaiya

outward; kucha, kuchimma, paknanli

oval; akak ushi holba, lumbo, shabahki

ovation, isht ika

oven; aiapushli, aialhpusha, apalaska

over; akucha, mishtannap, paknaka

over again, 7a

over all, moma inshali

overalls, obala foka

overcharge; aiilli atapa, albiha atapa

overcharge, to; avilli atabli, atablit abeti

overcharged, aiilli atapa

overcome, to; aiimaiyachti, chu”kash ishi,
imaiya, umaryachr

overdo, to; atabli, atablit tikambichi

overdone; atapa, nuna atapa, tikabi

overflow, to; aiabli, abanabli, oka ba-
napa, oka bikelichi, okchitochi

overflow, to cause to; atablicht

overflowed; oka banapa, oka bikeli, oka
falama

overgladness of heart, chu"kash yukpa
atapa

overgo, to; alapa, abanabli, imaiya

overhaul, to; sakki, tepuli, tiabli

overhauled; tepoa, tiapa

overhauls, one who; tepuli

overload, albiha atapa

overload, to; atablit abeli, atablit shapu-
lechi, shapulechi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

overlook, to; ahaksichi, aiashachi, ima-
haksi, paknaka hikiat pisa

overlooked, ahaksi

overmuch; atapa fehna, laua fehna, ok-
pulo

overpack, to; atablit shapulechi

overplus; atampa, atapa, alhtampa, chakbi

overplus, to cause an; alablichi

overpower, to; imaiya, imaiyachi

overreach, to; abanabli, abanablichi,
haksichi, issochi

overreached, haksi

overrule, to; pelichi

overrun, to; abanabli, tohummichi, yu-
lulla

oversee, to; apesachi, apistikeli, petichi

overseer; apesachi, apistikeli, nan ape-
sachi

overset, to; kinafa, kinaffi

overshadow, to; akapoa, akopoa, ho-
shontikacht

oversight, aiashachi

overstock, to; atabli

overstocked, atapa

overt, haiaka

overtake, to; sakki

overtake, to cause to; sakkichi

overthrow; kinafa, okpulo

overthrow, to; imaiya, imaiyachi, ki-
naffi, tipeli, okpant

overthrown; kinafa, tipia

overtire, to; atablit tikambichi

overtop, to; imaiya

overvalued, aiilli atapa

overwhelm, to; kinafi, wumpohomot ok-
pant

owe, to; aheka, aheka intakanli

owed, aheka

owl, horned; ishkitini

owl, large; opa

owl, screech; ofunlo

own; /fehna, ilap

own, to; anoli, halalli, immi, inshi

owner; immi, ishi

ox; wak hobak, wak toksali

ox team, wak torksali hioti achafa

ox yoke; wak toksali abankachi, wak tonk-
sali abanaya

ox, working; wak hobak torksali, wak
toksali

oxbow; wak torksali innuchi, tonokbi

oxen, a yoke of; wak itihalalli, wak
torksali itapata

oxfly, olana chito

Soy ee ee ee

A@enwhts

eee ee ee ee

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY OF THE
oyster, chakla
oyster shells, petrified; opahaksun

pabulum; ahofanti, ilhpak, ilimpa

pace; ahabli, arya, habli, kaialli, nowa

pace, to; arya, ilhkoli, kavilli, nowa

pace, to make; /aialli

pacer, kaialli

pacific; nuktala, yohbi

pacified, nuktala

pacifier, nuktalali

pacify, to; hopolachi, hopotalli, nukta-
lali, yohbicht

pack; bahta, bonunta, shapo, talakchi

pack, to; boli, shapulechi, tushpalit cha-
fichi

pack (as meat), to; alalli

pack a horse, to; isuba shapulechi

pack horse; iswbha shapo shali, isuba sha-
puli

pack of cards; isht baska

package, shapo

packed; itallat akkachit kaha, shapo, sha-
poli, talakchi

packet, /wmbo

packsaddle, isuba umpatalhpo falakto

pact; wimanumpa, itimalhpisa

pad; akkahurkupa, hurkupa

paddle; isht mofi, pent isht munfa

paddle, short; isht moeli

paddle, to; mo”fi, mofi, moeli, moti

paddled, mo”/fa

paddler, mo” (fi

padlock, luksi

padlock, house; aboha inluksi

padlock, to; shannichi

pagans, oklushi abanumpa tkithano

page; holisso intannap achafa, holisso pata
achafa

page (attendant), tishu

paid; atobbi, alhchilofa, alhtoba, chilofa

pail; isht ochi, itampo

pailful, isht ochi alota

pain; anukhammi, hotupa, kinoha, kom-
michi, na hotupa, nan ukhamachi, nuk-
hama, nukhammi

pain, great; chilinoha

pain, to; hotupali, kommichechi, kommi-
chi, mufkachi

pain, to cause; anukhammi, imatekache-
chi, tmatekachi, kommichechi, nukha-
machi, nukhammichi

pain, to suffer; aleka

pain on both sides, italankla hotupa

$4559° —Bull, 46—15 33

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 513

pained, imateka

painful; anukhammi, hotupa, kommichi,
mufka, nukhammi

painful, severely; simikli

paint, isht anchaha

paint, to; anchali, anchatichi

painted, anchaha

painter, anchali

painter (of a boat), peni isht talakchi

painting of a man, shilup

pair; hollo, ichapa, ichapoa, itichabli, iti-
chapa, tuklo

pair, to; ichabli

paired, ichapa

palace; aboha holitopa, minko inchuka

palatable, kashaha

palate, isunlash ushi

pale; hanta, hatokbi, hata, okhatali

pale, a; iti shima halupa

pale, to; holihta halupa tkbi

pale, to become; hatachi

pale, to make; hatokbichi

pale, very; hatat kania

paled, holihta halupa

pale-faced; ibakhatanli, nashuka hata

paleness, hata

Palestine, Chu yakni

paling, holihta halupa

palisade; holihta halupa, holihta kallo

palisade, to; holihta halupa ikbi

palisado, holihta kallo

pall, anchi holitopa

pallet; hashinka, patapo, patalhpo

palliate, to; lawechi, mihachi

pallid, hata

palm, to; haksichi, pasholi

palm of the hand, ibbak pata

palmetto, tala

palmetto, high; talimushi

palpable; haiaka, potola hinla

palpitate, to; mitikli, mitikminli, nuk-
bimikachi, nukbimimkachi, nukkitekachi,
nuktimichi, nukwimekachi, takanha, ti-
mikla

palpitation; mitikminli, nukbimikachi,
nukkitekachi, nukwimekacht

palsied, haknip ili

palsy; haknip illi abi, palsi, wannichi

palsy, to; haknip illichi, illichi, kotachi,
okpant

paltry; iskitini, makali

pamphlet; holisso, holisso hakshup iksho

pan; amphata, ampo, ampo mahaia, nush-
kobo tabokaka

514

pan, tin; malha

pander, to; hawi pelichit nowa

pane of glass, apisa achafa

panegyric, holitoblit isht anumpa

panegyrize, to; holitoblit isht anumpuli

pang, hotupa

pant, to; banna, bufboli, fiopat taha, fo-
hukli, fotukfunli, hahka, shutukshonli

pantaloon, obala foka

panther, koi

pap; ipimshik, ohoyo ipimshik

papa, iki

paper, aholisso

paper, a; holisso

paper, to; holisso alapalachi

paper maker, holisso ikbi

paper mill; holisso aiikbi, holisso atoba

paper money, holisso lapushki

papered, holisso alapali

papoose; alla, allunsi, puskus

papulee, lakchi

par, ttilaui

parable; anumpa isht alhpisa, anumpa
nan isht alhpisa, nana isht apesa

paraclete; apelachi, Shilombish holitopa

parade, to; ilaualli, ilauallichi, itanaha,
itannali, tashka chipota itannali

paraded, tashka chipota itannaha

paragraph, anumpa achafa

paralyze, to; ilichi

paralyzed, shimoha

paramount, i”shali bano

parapet, holihta kallo

parasol, ohoyo imisht ilovhoshontikachi

parboil, to; honammona

parboiled, hononammona

parcel; bonunta, kanomona, na buna

parch, to; anaksho”fa, anakshonfi, anak-
shoti, anakshua, auashli, alwasha

parch coffee, to; kafi auashli

parched; anakshorfa, anakshua, alwasha

pardon; kashofa, nana kashofa

pardon, to; imahaksi, imahaksichi, ka-
shoffi

pardonable; ahaksa
hinla, kashofa hinla

pardoned; ahaksi, imahaksi, kashofa

pardoner; ahaksichi, na imahaksi, na ka-
shofichi, nana ahaksichi

pare, to; luffi, luti

p2red; lufa, luha

parents, iki ishki itatuklo

parer; isht luti, luffi, luti

paring, hakshup lufa

hinla, imahaksicha

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

parlance, anumpa

parley; anumpa, anumpuli

parley, to; anumpuli

parrakeet, kilinkki

parricide, ivki ishki abi

parrot, a species of; kilinkki

parson, aba anumpuli peticheka alhtoka

part; folota, kaniohmi, kashapa, kashkoa,
tushafa

part, to; filamotechi, filamolti, filammi,
fullottokachi, issa, kashabli, kashkoli,
tushatichi

part of an earring, palatha

part way, chakpa

part with, to; kanchi

partake, to; ishi, ishko

partake with, to; ibatavkla

partaker; ibafoka, ibatarkla, ishi, ishko

parted; jfilama, kashapa, kashkoa, tapa,
taptua

partial, kanimachi

partially, chohmi

particle; chipintasi,
musi

particular; achafa, fehna

particularize, to; atokoli

particularly, atuk

partition; itintakla, kashkoa

partly, chohmi

partly worn, chikki

partner; apela, itapela, itauaya, itapela,
itichapa

partnership; itauaya, itibafoka, itichapa

partridge; kofi, kofi chito

parts of, kaniohmi

parturition; cheli, eshi, sholi

party, okla

Pascagoula, Bashokla

pasha, minko

pass; akucha, alopoli, atopulli, ala, hina,
hina kucha, holisso, itintakla atia, ona,
takla

pass, to; a”ya, abanabli, ia, ili, ima-
haksi, kanchi, kania, topotoli, mosholi,
onochi, yamohmt

pass, to come to; yakohmi, yamohmi

pass around, to; a/fobli

pass away, to; masheli

pass by, to; aiopitama, aiopitammi, opi-
tamoli, opitammi

pass forth from, to; attat ia

pass over, to; auanapoli, auanabli, aba-
napoli, abanabli, pit, tanapoli, tanabli

pass over, to cause to; abanapolechi

iskitinisi, kanioh-

BYINGTON ]

pass quickly, to; yilepa

pass through, to; alopoli, atopulli,
anaktopulli, tipulli, topoli, topulli

passable; a”ya hinla, alhpesa, lopulla
hinla

passage; aboha ititakla, aiaya, anumpa,
atia, arya, fohka, fohkat arya, ulbal ont ia

passage into, achukoa

passed; aiopitama, alhpesa, topulli, taha

passed by; opitama, opitamoa

passed over; abanapoa, auanapa, auana-
poa, abanapa, tanapa, tanapoa

passed through; lopoli, yululli

passenger; a”ya, fohkat atya, nowat arya

passing; a”ya, fehna

passion; anushkunna, nuklibishlikachi,
nukoa

passion, to be in a; okpoto

passionate; nukhobela, nukoa shati

passive, kachi

Passover, the; abanablit ont ia, nan
abanablit ont 1a, Chu chepuli chito

passport, holisso

past; chamo, chikki

“past feeling,’ salbo

past time, kamo

paste, isht akamassa

paste, to; kamassalli

pastime; iaualli, washoha

pastor; aba anumpuli apistikeli, alhpoa
apistikel

pasture; alhpoa aiimpa, holihta alhpoa
albtha

pasture, to; hashukimpa, hashuk impachi

pat, alhpiesa

pat, a; pasalichi

pat, to; pasalichi

patch; akataiya, akalli, alhkata, isht alh-
kata, osapushi

patch, to; akatali, akkalli

patched; akataiya, alhkata

patched together, a thing; nan italh-
katta

patcher, akkalli

patchwork, italhkatta

pate; nushkobo, nushkobo hakshup, nush-
kobo tabokaka

patella, iyi” kalaha wishakchi

paternal ancestors, i”ki aiokla

path; anowa, hina

path, bright; hina hanta

path, large; hina chito

path, to; hina ikbi

pathway; atia, hina

patience; na mthiksho, nuktanla, nuktala

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

515

patient; nuktanla, nuktala

patient, a; hatak abeka

patriarch, intikba

patriotic, okla

patron, apelachi

patronize, to; apelachi

patter, to; kasahachi, kassahachi

pattern, isht ahobachi

pattern, to; hobachi

paunch, takoba

pauper, hatak ilbasha inla anukcheto

pause, yokopa

pause, to; issa, nuktala, yokopa

pave, to; lukfi nuna patali, tali patali

paved, tali isht patalhpo

pavement; tali patapo, tali pata

pavilion; alhtipo, na hata alhtipo

pavilion, to; attepuli

paw; ibbak, iyi

paw, to; shaffi

pawn, boli

pawn, to; ahinnachi, atobbichi hilechi,
boli, hilecha

pawned; ahinna, hika

pawner; boli, hilechi, inuchi

pawpaw, umbi

pay, alhtoba

pay, to; atobbi, chilofa, chiloffi

pay, to cause to; chilofachi

pay attention, to; nowa

pay day, nitak aialhtoba

payer, atobbi

paymaster, atobbi

payment; alobbi, alhtoba, chilofa, isht
alhtoba

pea, tobe hollo

peace; achukma, aiachukmaka, chulosa,
hanta, halhpatsha, itinkana, wtinnan
aya, kana, na yukpa, nan aiya, nuktanla,
samanta

peace, to act for; nan aiya

peace, to make; achukmalechi, nan aiya-
chi,

peaceable; hanta, halhparsha, hopota,
kana, nuktanla

peaceably, halhpa”shi

peacebreaker; anuwmpa chukushpashali,
hatak itachowachi

peaceful; chulosa, halhparsha, hopota,
nan aiya, samanta

peaceful, to become; nuktala

peacemaker; hatak itimnanaiyachi, hatak
nan olabechi, itinnan aiyachechi, nan
aiyacht

peach, takkon

516

peach, clingstone; takkon anti, takkon
foni humma, takkon kallo

peach, freestone; takkon fakopa

peach fuzz, takkon hoshiko

peach meat, takkon foni nipt

peach rind, takkon hakshup

peach skin, takkon hakshup

peach stone, takkon font

peach stone, red; takkon foni humma

peach tree; takkon api, takkonlapi

peach-tree gum, takkontitilli

peacock, okchanlush chito

peacock feather, okchanlush chito ho-
shinshi

peak; paknaka, wishakchi

peaked; ibakchufanli, ibakchufarshh

peal; bimihachi, winihachi

peal, to; bimihachi, winthachi

peal of thunder, /iloha

peal of thunder, sharp; hiloha tassa

peanuts, yakni anumka waya

pear, prickly; talhpakha

pearl; holitopa, tali holitompa

Pearl River, hacha

pearlash; hituk, hituk tohbi

peas, tobe hollo

pebble; talu”shik, talushik

pecan, fala

peccable, yoshoba hinla

peck; bushul iklanna iklanna, kalan tuklo

peck, to; chanli, chikinha, tunlichi

pecked, chanya

pecker; chanli, hushi iti chanli, iti chanli

peculate, to; hu”kupa

peculiar, fehna

pecuniary, ali holisso imma

pedant; hatak nan ithana ilahobbi, ho-
lisso pisachi, nan ikhana ilahobbi, nan
ithana ilahobbi

peddle, to; itutobat arya

peddler; alhpoyak shali, itatobat arya, na
shala

pedestrian; akkahikat anya, akkanowa

pedigree, isht atiaka

pedo-baptism, alla oka isht imokissa

peek, to; afananchi

peel; hakshup, hituk chubi isht peti falaia

peel, to; chilafa, fachanli, fakoha, fakoti,
fakopa, fakopli, falla, falli, iti toli, luffi,
luti, tonfa, tonffi, toha, toti, moti, morfa,
monffi, shibbi, shimnuffi, shukafa,
shukaffi, shukati

peel, to cause to; fachanlichi, fakoplichi,
tolichi, shukalicht

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

peel off in strips, to; anukbiaffi

peeled; anukbiafe, fakoha, fakoti, fa-
kopa, fakowa, lufa, luha, tonfa, toha,
morfa, morfkachi, moha, shukafa, shu-
kati

peeler; fakolichi, fakopli, tonffi, toli

peeling; fakoha, fakoti, fakopa, hakshup,
shukati

peeling, the act of; fachanli

peelings from intestines, anu"klupatka

peep, haiaka

peep, to; afananchi, haiaka

peer; aiitibafoka, itilaui

peevish; anukshomota, anukshomunta,
churshkiksho, isht afekommi

peevishness, anukshomunta

peg; atakali, atakoti, iti achushkachi, «ti
isht ahonata

peg, wooden; iti chakbi, itichakbi

pelican, chilantakoba

pelt, hakshup hish arsha

pelt, to; boli, isso

pelter; boli, isso

peltry; na hakshup, nam poa hakshup

pen; holihta, isht holissochi

pen, silver; tali isht holissochi

pen, small; holihtushi

pen, to; holihta fohki, holihtani, holisso-
chi, yukacha

pen maker, isht holissochi ikbi

pencil, to; holissochi, isht holissochi, nan
isht tanfi, tali isht holissocht

pencil maker, isht holissochi ikbi

pendant; haksobish takali, haksobish ta-
koti, na hata, shapha, takali

pending; aia”tli, takanli

penetrable, chukowa hinla

penetrate, to; ibachukoa, lopulli, to-
pullichi, tumpa, tumpli

penetrated, dumpa

peninsula, yakni nushkobo

penitent, hatak nana yoshoba isht nuk-
hanklo

penitentiary, hatak yuka atoksali

penknife, bashpushi

penman; hatak holissochi imponna, ho-
lissocht

pennant; na hata, shapha

penned; holihta fohka, holihtalhto, ho-
lisso

penner, holissochi

penny, iskali

pension, afammikma ilhpeta

pension, to; afammikma ilhpitachi

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY

pensive, ilapissa

pent, holihta albiha

penurious, ilatomba atapa

penury, ilbasha

people, okla

people, great; okla chito

people, one; talaia

people, small; oklushi

peopled, abinili

pepper; hishi homi, tishi homi

pepper,. black; tishi homi lusa

pepper, Cayenne; tishi homihumma

pepper, Guiana; fishi homi humma

pepper, red; hishi homi humma, tishi
homi humma

pepper bag, tishi homi aialhto

pepperbox, tishi homi aialhto

peppercorn, hishi homi ani

per capita, nushkobo chumpa

peradventure, yoba

perambulate, to; pisat lopulli, tikba
anya

perceive, to; akostininchi, pisa, ikhana

perceptible; akostinincha hinla, ikhana
hinla

perch; iti fabassa, iti tapa ahabbi talapi

perch (a fish), nani basa

perch, to; binili, hikia, omanili

perchance; /o, yoba

percolate, to; bichilli, hoiyachi, holuya,
holuyachi

percolated, holuya

perdition; aiokpuloka, aiokpulunka

peremptory, aia”ti

perennial; ataha iksho, bilia

perfect; achukma, aia%ti, imponna taha

perfect, to; atali

perfection, aiqlhtaha

perfectly; bano, taha

perfidious, ali

perfidy, anwmpa kobafa

perforate, to; lopolichi, tuna, tukatichi,
lukaffi, tumpli, tunli, tunlichi

perforate at, to; bili

perforated; bila, lopulli, tuna, tukafa,
tukati, tumpa

perforated at, alukati

perforation; alukafa, atukati, atumpa,
turkachi, tumpli

perforator; isht lukaffi, isht lumpli

perform, to; aiantichi, atali, yamihchi

performance; nana kaniohmi, yamichi

performer, yamichi

perfume, na balama

OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

517

perfume, to; balamachechi

perfumed, balama

perhaps; chalik, chechik, chishba, foka-
hota, fota, hacha, hah, yoba

perhaps not, yobaheto

perhaps one, achafona

peril; isht imaiokpulo, nan avisht imateka,
nana arisht imateka

period; aiati, folota, nitak alhpisa

perish, to; bashi, ili, okpulo, tamoa,
toshbi

perishable; basha hinla, illa hinla, toshba
hinla

perishables, nan toshbi

perished; okpulot taha, toshbi

perjure, to; aholabi, holabit
kallo ilonucht

perjurer; aholabi, holabit anumpa kallo
tlonuchi

permanent; bilia, kamassa

permit, holisso

permit, to; ome imahni

permit to go, to; ia

pernicious, okpulo

perpendicular, apissanli

perpetrate, to; yamihchi

perpetual, bilia

perpetual, to make; biliachi

perpetually, bilia

perpetuate, to; biliachechi

perpetuity, ataha iksho

perplex, to; aiyokomi, ataklammi

perplexed; ataklama, imaiyokoma

perplexity, to cause; imaiyokomichi

persecute, to; hotupali, ilbashachi, ilba-
shali, isikkopali

persecuted; hotupa, ilbasha

persecution; hofayali, hotupa, hotupali,
ilbasha, ilbashali

persecutor; hotupali, ilbashali

perseverance, achunanchi

persevere, to; achunanchi, amoshuli,
asito pa

persevering, achunanchi

persimmon, wukof

persimmon tree, u”kof api

persist, to; achunanchi

person; hatak, kana, okla

person, noisy; shakabli

personal, hatak ahalaia

personally, ilap fena

personate, to; inla ilahobbt

perspicuous, haiaka

perspiration, laksha

anumpa

518

perspire, to; /aksha

persuade, to; anukfohkachechi, anumpu-
lit chunkash ishi, imanukfila shananchi

pert, tushpa

pertain, to; ahalaia, aiachafa

pertinacious, achunanchi

perturbation, imanukjila laua

pervade, to; fopulli

perverse; bashkiksho, na shanaiya, nu-
koa shatli, shanaia

pervert, to; okpani, shanaiachi, yoshobbi

pervert the heart, to; chutkash sha-
naiachr

pervert the mind, to; imanukfila sha-
nanchi

perverted; okpulo, shanaia, yoshoba

perverted in opinion, imanukfila sha-
naia

perverter; okpani, yoshobbi

pest; abeka okpulo, nan okpulo

pester, to; anumpulechi, apistikeli

pestilent, isht afekommi

pestle; kitapi, kitush

pestle handle, kitush api

pet; alhpoa, nukoa

pet, to; apobachi

petition; anumpa asilhha, asilhha, holisso
asilhha

petition, to; asilhha, asilhhachi

petitioner; asilhha, nana silhha

petrifaction; italbasa, talba”sa, tali toba

petrified, tali toba

petrify, to; tali ikbi, tali toba

petticoat; alhkuna kolofa, askufa, askufa
tapa

petty, iskitini

petulant, isht afekommi

pew, abinili

pewter, naki kallo

pewter plate, naki kallo aiimpa

phantasm; imanukfila, iti boli

phantom; imanuk/fila, shilup

Pharisee, Falisi

phial, kotobushi

philosopher, nan ikhana

phlegm; ibilhkan, katanfa, woshoki

phlegmatic; ibilhkan chito, kapassa

phrase, anumpa

phrase, to; anumpuli

phthisis, nukshininfa

physic; ikfiachi, ikhinsh

physic, to; ulbal ont tachi

physician; alikchi, allikchi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

piazza; aboha apishia, aboha hoshontika,
apashia, apishia, chukimpata, hoshontika

piazza post, hoshontikiyi

pick, isht kula

pick, to; atokulit ishi, amo, apa, bat,
chanli, chiniffi, chinoli, emo, ishmo, kili,
natichi, sheti

pick off the hair, to; tikaffi

pick out, to; atokulit aiyua, foeli, fulli,
shinl

pick out, to cause to; fullichi

pick out seed, to; niheli

pick the teeth, to; shinli

pick up, to; aioa, aiyoa, apoyua

pickax; isht chanli, isht kula

picked; almo, shinya

picked off, naha

picked up; aioa, aiyua

picker; amo, hopohka, nan amo, sheti,
shinh

picket, holihta halupa

picket, to; holihta halupa ikbi

pickle, oka hapi yammi

pickle, to; oka hapi yammi fohki

picture; holba, na holba, isht alhpisa

picture, to; fafit hobachi

picture of a man; hatak holba, shilup

piece; ataptua, holisso, kobulli, lishoa, tu-
chali, tushafa, tushali, tushtua

piece, small; chinifa

piece, thin; pasa

piece, to; achakali

piece split, patanta

pied; bakoa, bakokova

pied, to make; bakoachi

pierce, to; bahaffi, bali, honati, tifelichi,
tifitha, topotichi, tuna, tukafa, tumpa,
tumpli

pierced; baha, honata, topoti, tukafa, tu-
kati, tumpa

piercer; isht baha, tumpli

pig, shukhushi

pig, to; cheli, shukhushicheli

pig of lead; naki fabassa, naki palalka

pigeon, pachi

pigeon egg, pachushi

pigeon roost; pachaiasha, pachanusi

pigeon shot, nakunshi

piggin; isht ochi, oka avlhto, oka isht ochi

pigmy, hatak i™moma

pigpen, shukha i™hollihta

pigsty, shukha inchuka

pike (a fish), basa

pike (a weapon), na halupa

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY

piked, halupa

pile; fohopa, itanaha, itanahachi, nakacho-
sha

pile, to; itannali, tiannalichi

pile of corn, alhpivkachi

piled, itanaha

pilfer, to; hu”kupa, nan chokushpa hu"-
kupa

pilferer, nan chokushpa hurkupa

pilgrim, hatak nowat anya

pilgrimage, nowat anya

pill; ikhinsh lumbo, ikhinsh lumboa

pillage, na wehpoa

pillage, to; wehpuli, wehput fullota, weti

pillar; hika, ihika, tonnik

pillion, ohoyo aiomanili

pillow, alhpishi

pillow, to; alhpishi

pillow, to prepare a; alhpishechichi

pillowcase; alhpishi afoka, alhpishi i”-
shukcha

pilot; hatak peni isht anya, intikba heka,
pent isht anya, tikba heka

pilot, to; peni isht arya

pilotage; alhtoba, peni isht arya imalh-
toba

pimple; lakchi, tanlakchi, tavsh lakchi

pin; atakali, atakoli, chufak ushi, chufak
yushkoboli, iti chufak, iti isht ahonata,
na halupa

pin, headed; yushkoboli

pin, wooden; iti tata, itichakbi

pin, to; kamassalli

pin maker, chufak ush ikbi

pincers; isht kiselichi, tali isht kiseli

pinch, chiniffi

pinch, to; chinolt, ilbashali, katali, katan-
lichi, kopoli, yikiffi

pinch with the fingers, to; chiniffi

pinched; chininffa, chinowa

pincher, chiniffi

pinchers, isht kiselichi

pinching, chinowa

pine, tiak

pine, dry; shohala

pine, longleaf; tiak farya

pine, riven; tiak shima

pine, to; liposhichi

pine, yellow; tiak hobak

pine, young; tiak ushi

pine away, to; liposhi

pine knot; pitkshi, tiak pinkshi

pine shingle, tiak shima

pine wood, tiak

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 519

pined away, liposhi

pinfeather; aliktichi, hishi alikti

pinion, to; ibbak takchi, sanahchi takchi

pinioned, ibbak talakchi

pink, a; haiyu’kpulo pakanli humma

pink, the Cavrolina; haiyu"kpulo pa-
kanli humma

pinnacle, wishakchi

pinned, kamassa

pinner, ttakamassalli

pint; isht ishko latassa achafa, koat iklanna

pintado; akak kofi, kofi chito

piny, tiak foka

piny region, tiak foka

pioneer, tikbarya hinikdi

pious; aba anumpa nukfoka aiarti, aba *
anumpa yimmé aiali

pipe; ayanalli, hakchuma ashutka, hakchu-
ma shuti, isht pu®fa, italhfoa chito, os-
kula, uskula

pipe, to; uskula olachi

piper, uskula olachi

pique, nukoa

pique, to; chwtkash bili, chutkash nati,
nukoachi

piqued; chu”kash bila, chu”kash nata, nu-
koa

pirogue; iti kula peni, peni, peni kula
falaia

pismire, shu”kani

pistol; tanamp puskus, tanamp ushi

pit; chiluk, chilukoa, chuluk, hichukbi, ta-
chowa, yakni chiluk, yakni kula

pit, natural; hochukbi

pit, tan; ahummachi

pit of the stomach, i”walwa

pitch; tiak nia kallo, tiak nia lua

pitch, the; aiali

pitch, to; akka ia, pila

pitch (a tune), to; taloa

pitch (cover with pitch), to; apolusli

pitch a camp, to; albinachi, bina hilechi

pitch down, to; lotama

pitch down, to give a; lofammi

pitch of a hill, nanih akkia

pitch too high, to; iskitinichi

pitched; apolusa, alhpolosa, hika, hikia

pitcher; isht ishko chaha, oka aialhto

pitchfork, tali chufak

piteous, ilbasha

pith; iskuna, kallo

pithy; iskuna laua, kallo

pitiable, nukha"klo

pitiful, nukharklo

520 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

pittance, kanomusi

pity, nukhatklo

pity, to; nukha"klo

pivot, aiontalat fulokachi

placable, yukpa hinla

place; a, aiasha, foka

place, steep; sakti chaha

place, that; yamma

place, this; takla, yakohmika

place, to; hilechi, talali, talott

place before, to; tikba kali

place in, to; shamallichi

place in the arms, to; shakba fohki

place not plowed, yakni ikapatafo

place of another, to be in the; alhtoba

place on, to; atalali, ontalali

place ruled; apetichi, apetichika

place shaved, sha”/fi

place wide apart, to; shawahachi

placed; hieli, hika, hikia, talaia, taloha,
tala

placed in; achushkachi, shamalli

placed in, being; achushkanchi

placed in the arms, shakba foka

placed in the hand, ibbak foka

placed in there, afohka

placed on; atalaia, ataloha

placenta, haiombish

placer, hilechi

placid; nuktanla, yokopa

plague; abeka okpulo, ataklama, atakla-
moti

plague, to; anumpulechi, apistikeli

plaguy, isht afekommi

plain (evident); aia”li, haiaka, lumiksho

plain (level), patasachi

plain, a; yakni matali, yakni patali, pa-
tasachi, yakni patussacht

plain, to; patasachi

plain, to make; haiakachechi

plainly; achukmat, apissanlit, haiakat

plaint; i/basha, nukhatklo

plaintive, nukharklo

plait; awalakachi, pana

plait, to; awalakachechi, panni, pokoli,
puli, tanaffo, tana, tanaffo

plaited; awalakachi, alhtannafo,
pula, tannaffo, tanna, tannaffo

plaiter; awalakachechi, panni,-puti, ta-
naffo

plan; ahni, apesa, isht alhpisa I

plan secretly, to; luhmit nana apesa .

plane; isht shanfi, iti isht sharfir, iti asht
shanfit haluskichi

pena,

[ BULL. 46

plane, to; halushkichi, shanfi

planed; halushki, shanfa

planed board, iti sha”/a

planer, iti sha”fi

planet; /ichik, fichik chito

plank; iti basha, iti basha sukko

plank, to; iti basha patali

plant; alba, haiyurkpulo, haiyurkpulo ho-
lokchi, holokchi, na holokchi

plant, acertain; akunti, hashinko, kifash,
ont

plant, sensitive; tohkil

plant, to; hokchi

plant at, to; ahokchi

plant with something, to; ahokchichi

plantation; apetichika, osapa

planted, holokchi

planted, ground; aholokchi

planter; hatak osapa toksali, hokchi, na
hokchi, osapa toksali

plaster, isht alhpolosa

plaster, to; apolusli

plastered; alhpolosa, apolusa

plasterer, apolusli

plastering, apolusli

plat; osapa, tannaffo, yakni pattasqchi
iskitini

plat, to; tanaffo

plate; aiimpa, amphata, ampmalaspoa,
ampmalaswa, ampmalassa

plate, large; amppatassa

plate over, to; akkoli

plate with brass, to; tali lakna isht alh-
kohacht

plate with silver, to; tali hata akkoli

plated; akkoti, alhkoha, lapali

plated with brass, tali lakna isht alhkoha

platform, iti patalhpo

platter; amphata chito, ampmalaspoa

play; aiitaualli, itawalli, washoha

play, to; baska, ibaiilaualli, itaualli, ola-
chi, sutksowa, washoha

play, to make; i/awallichi, washohachi |

play ball, to; toli

playday, nitak ilaualli

player; ifaualli, olachi, toli, washoha

playfellow, ibaiitaualli

playground; aiilaualli, awashoha

playhouse, aiilaualli chuka

playmate, ibaiilaualli

plaything, isht washoha

plead, to; anumpuli, apepoa

pleader, hatak anumpuli

pleasant; achukma, hochukma, nitatki,
shohmakali, yohbi, yukpa

z
{

BYINGTON ]

pleasant, to render; yohbichi

pleasant to the sight, to become; pisa
aiukli

pleasant to the taste; akomachi, ka-
shaha

please, to; alhpesa, yukpalechi, yukpali

pleased; ayukpa, halhpa"shi, yukpa

pleaser, yukpali

pleasing, aiukli

pleasure; na yukpa, nana aiisht ilaiyukpa

pleasure, expressing; yakoke

pleasure, to give; yukpali

pledge; ahinna, boli

pledge, to; ahinnachi, boti, hilechi

pledged, ahinna

pleiades, the; jichik watalhpi

plenary, aialhtaha

plenitude; aialhtaha, alota

plenteous; apakna, laua

plentiful, Jawa

plenty; apakna, laua

plenty, to make a; apaknachi

plethora; issish inchito, issish inlaua

plethoric; issish inchito, issish inlaua,
michila

pleura, the; chunuko

pleurisy; ahi, chunukabi, wlilli

pliable; hokulbi, lapushki, shanaia hinla

pliant; shanaia hinla, walohbi

plod, to; achunanchi

plot; alhpisa, yakni alhpisa

plover, the whistling; isi nia pichelichi

plow; isuba inchahe, yakni isht patafa

plow, to; aleli, leli, pataffi, tasalli, yakni
bashli, yakni pataffi

plow boy, alla yakni pataffi

plowed; basha, patafa

plowed place, apatafa

plowland, patafa hinla

plowman, yakni pataffi

plowshare, yakni isht patafa tali

pluck; chu”kash, salakha, shilukpa

pluck, to; feli, naffi, tablichi, tinfi

pluck ears of corn, to; nalichi

pluck out, to; chukali, chukaffi, chukli

pluck up, to; lobaffi, lobbi, lubbi, teti

plucked out; chukafa, chukali

plucked up; loba/fa, lopa, teha, tinfa

plucker; chukaffi, chukli, teli

plug, isht alhkama

plug, to; kamali, kammi

plum, takkonlushi

plum, wild; isi intakkonlushi, takkon-
lushi

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 591

plum tree, takkonlush api

plume, shikopa

plume oneself, to; shikobli

plump; loboa, lobobwmkachi, tampko, tob-
boa, toboboa

plunder; na wehpoa, nana wehpoa

plunder, to; hutkupa, wehpuli, weli

plundered; weha, wehpoa

plunderer; na wehpuli, wehpuli, weli

plunge, okattula

plunge, to; okattula,
bushlichi, oklubbi

plunged, oklobushli

plunger, oklobushli

plurality, tuklokia atampa

ply, to; anta, toksali

poach, to; auashli

poached, alwasha

poacher, akak hurkupa

pock; chilakwa, lachowa

pocket; a/oha, ilefoka shukcha, shukcha

pocketbook; holisso aialbiha shukcha, ho-
lisso inshukcha

pocketknife, bashpo potoma

pod; haiyurkpulo nihi hakshup, hakshup

pod, to; hakshup toba

poet; ataloa ikbi, taloa ikbi

poignant; halupa, homi ,

point; aiahni, halupa, wishakchi

point, highest; ‘abokoa

point, to; haluppachi, tali

point, to be without a; tokumpa

point at, to; abilibli, bili, bilibli

point of a knife, bashpo wishakchi

point of a needle, chufak wishakchi

point of an auger, isht fotoha wishakchi

point of the elbow, shakba i™shurkani

point out, to; atokoli, bitibli

pointed; chu”sa, halupa, ibakchufanli,
ibakchufarshli, ibakpishanli, ibakpishan-
shli, tata

pointed at, abila

pointed at, the place; abilepa

pointed out; atokowa, alhtoka, alhtokoa

pointer; bilibli, na bili

pointers (stars), /ichik issuba

poise; isht weki, tali isht weki, tali uski,
wekr

poise, to; weki itilauichi, wekichi

poised, weki itilaur

poison, isht ili

poison, to; isht illi fohki, isht illi ipeta

poison of serpents, lakna

poisoned, isht alli foka

oklobushli, oklo-

522

pokeweed, koshiba

polar, falammi pilla

polar star, falanmi fichik

pole; iti fabassa, itt fabassoa, kohta

pole, to; abiti

pole of a cart, iswnlash

polecat, koni

poled; abela, abila, abeta

polish, millinia

polish, to; millinta, millintacha

polished, millinta

polisher, millintachi

poll, nushkobo

poll, to; naksish natichi, naksish taptulr

poll tax; nushkobo atobbi, nushkobo
chumpa

pollard; lapish kobafa, naksish naha

polliwog, yalubba

pollute, to; liteli

polluted; liteha, okpulo

pollution; liteha, okpulo

poltroon; hatak hobak, hobak

polyandry, hatak inlaua

polygamy, tekchi inlaua

pommel; ibish, isuba umpatalhpo nush-
kobo, nushkobo

pommel, to; litol

pommeled, litoa

pomp; ilefehnachi, isht ilawata

pompion, isito

pompous, ilefehnachi

pond; haiyip, hohtak, okhatushi

pond, large; ofhata

pond, small; hohtak ushi

pond, to; haiyip ikbi

ponder, to; anukfilli

ponderous; weki, weki fehna

poniard, isht itibbi

pontoon, peni patassa

pony; isuba, isuba iskitini

pool, oka atalaia

poor; chunna, ilbasha, kopipia, makali,
shulla

poor, to make; chunnachi

poor man, hatak ilbasha

poorly, abeka chuhnta

poorness, chunna

pop; basaha, basak, tukalichi, patak

pop, to; basaha, basahkachi, basakachi,
basali, basisakachi, tukafa

pop, to cause to; basahachi

popping; basahkachi, basati, basasunkacht

popping, to cause a; basatichi

populate, to; aioklachechi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

population, okla

populous; oklachito, okla laua

porch; aboha hoshontika, apashia, chuka-
pishia, hoshontika

pore, laksha akucha

pore over, to; pisa

pork, shukha nipi

pork, fat; shukha nia

pork, lean; shukha nipi

pork, to cure; shukha nipi shileli

porridge, bean; bala okchi

porringer, alla aiimpa

port, peni ataiya

portable; shala hinla, shola hinla

porter, okhisa apistikeli

portico; aboha hoshontika, apashia

portion; holhpela, kashkoa, osapa

portmanteau, wak hakshup shukcha

positive, aati

possess, to; immi

possessed, fohka

possession, ishi

possessor; i”hikia, ima"sha

possible; chalek, chati, na fehna, yohma
hinla

possibly; chalik, chatin, chishba

post; ahika, iti hika, iyi, tonnik

post, military; tashka chipota aheli

post, to; anoachi

postage; alhtoba, holisso alhtoba, holisso
nowat arya alhioba

posted, anoa

posterity; isht ataya, usht

posthaste, tushpa

postman, holisso shali

postmaster, holisso nowat arya ishi

post office; holisso nowat aya inchuka,
holisso shali inchuka

postpone, to; abanablichi, mishemanchit
apesa

postponed; abanapa, mishemat alhpisa

pot; alabocha, shuti, shuti iyasha

pot, large; iyasha chito

pot, small; iyashushi, shutushi

pot, to; shuti fohki

pot, water; shuti oka aialhto

pot lid; iyasha ontipa, shuti asha onlipa,
shuti tyasha o®lipa

potable, ishko hinla

potash; hituk, hituk tohbi

potation, ishko

potato, ahe

potato, boiled; ahe holbi

potato, Irish; na hollo imahe

BYINGTON ]

potato, rotten; ahe shua

potato, wild; ahe kamassa, ahsakti, kun-
shak ahe

Potato-eating people, ahe pata okla

potato hill; ahe bunto, ahe ibish

potato hills, to make; ahe buntuchi

potato house, ahe inchuka

potato patch, ahe aholokchi

potato vine; ahapi, ahe api

potency, kallo

potent; kallo, kilimpi, palammi

potentate; hatak palammi, miko

pother, ataklama

pother, to; aiyokomichi, ataklammi

pothook; asonak atakali, asonak isht ta-
lakchi, iyasha isht talakchi

potion, ishko achafa

potsherd, ampkoa

pottage, labocha

potter; ampo ikbi, shuti tana

pottery; amphata, ampo

pottery, a; ampatoba

pouch; atohchi, bahtushi

poultice, ashela

poultice, to; ashela lapalechi

poultry, akavka

pounce, hushi iyakchush

pounce, to; yichiffi

pound; weki, weki achafa

pound, one; weki achafa

pound, to; boli, hopu%si, hussi, isso, ka-
baha

pound fine, to; botoli

pound there, to; ahosi

pounded; boa, bota, holhpusi, holussi

pounder; ilefoka isht boa, kitush, nan isht
boa

pounds, 2,000; weki talepa sipokni tuklo

pour, to; folichi, tali, tatapa, tatabli,
yanalli

pour, to cause to; falichi

pour from, to; tosholi

pour in, to; ani

pour in with, to; ibani

pour into, to; ani, tosholi

pour out, to; akkalaya, fohobli, fohopa,
tosholi

pour out and scatter, to; akkalatapa

poured down, akkalatapa

poured in; alhto, ibalhto

poured out; fohopa, toshoa

pourer, dali

pout, to; hasharya, ibaksukunlichi, ok-
yauinlt

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

523

pouter, okyawinli

poverty; ailbasha, ilbasha

powder; bota, botulli, hituk

powder, to; botolichi, pushechi

powder charger, hituk isht alhpisa

powder with wheat flour, to; bota .
tohbi isht orfimmi

powdered; bota, bota ofima

powdered fine, pushi

powderhorn; hituk aialhto, lapish hituk
aialhto

powdermill; hituk avikbi, hituk atoba

power; aah, aialika, aialhpesa, isht
shima, iti isht shima, kallo, kilimpi,
mitko, na kallo, nan isht aianti, palamma

powerful; kallo, kilimpi, palammi

powerless, kallo keyu

pox, yukbabi

practicable, yamohma hinla

practical, yamohma hinla

practice; abachi, yamohmi

practice, to; abachechi, abachi, albachi,
yamohmi

practice (as a physician), to; alikchi

practiced upon with tricks, /appo
onuttula

practicer; abachi, isht atta, yamohmi

practitioner, isht atta

prairie, oktak

prairie, small; oktak ushi

praise, isht anumpa

praise, to; afehnichi, anumpuli, holito-
blit isht anumpuli, taloa

praise in song, to; taloa

praiser, isht anumpuli

prance, to; hattaui, tulli

prance, to cause to; hattawichi

prancer, hattawichi

prank, ilauata

prank, to; shema, shemachi

prate, to; anukchilafa, anukchitali, anum-
puli shati, himak fokalit anumpuli

prater; anukchitafa, anukchilali, anum-
puli shalt

prattle, to; balbaha

pray, to; anumpuli, asilhha, aba anum-
puli, aba pit anumpuli

pray for, to; aba isht anumpuli

pray to, to; ilbasha

prayer, anumpa asilhha

prayer book, anuwmpa asilhha holisso

prayerful, Aba ivki imasilhha shali

prayerless, asilhha keyu

524

preach, to; anoli, anumpuli, aba anumpa
isht anumpuli, aba anumpa isht atta, aba
anumpuli, aba isht anumpulr

preach in the open air, to; kucha aia-
numpuli

preached, anumpa

preacher; aba anumpa isht anumpuli,
aba anumpa isht atta, aba anumpuli, aba
isht anumpult

preacher, field; kucha aianumpuli

preaching, anumpuli

precaution, to; tikbanli immiha

precede, to; tikba avya

precedent, tikba

precept, anumpa alhpisa

preceptor; ikhananchi, nan ikhananchi

precinct, apetichika fullota

precious; achafoa, holitopa

precipice, sakti chaha

precipitancy; amoshuli, tushpa

precipitate, to; akka itula, amohsholechi,
amoshuli, tu%shpa, tushpalechi

precipitated, twshpa

precipitous; amosholi,
piesa, tushpa

preclude, to; kamali, katabli

precluded; katapa, kama

preconcert, to; tikba apesa

preconcerted, tikba alhpisa

precursor, tikbanya

predestinate, to; tikbanli apesa

predetermine, to; tikbanli apesa

predicate, to; anoli

predict, to; tikbanlit anoli

prediction, tikbanli anoli anumpa

predictor, tikbanli anoli

predominant, i”shali

predominate, to; ishalichi

preemption, apoa

preengage, to; apobachi

prefer, to; holitoblichi, i%shati

preferable, achukma irshali

prefix, to; tikba atali, tikba hilechi

pregnancy; chakali, ushi i~fohka

pregnant; aiisht inchakali, chakali, cha-
kali, kaiya, ushi infohka, ushi kaiya

pregnant, to become; alla i%foka

prejudge, to; tikbanlit anukfilli

prejudgment, tikbanli imanukjila

prejudice, tikbanli manukjila

prejudice, to; imanukfila shananchi

prejudiced, nuktala

premeditate, to; tikbanlit anukfilli

premium, alhtoba

apissanlit,

alh-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

premonish, to; tikbanli immiha

preoceupy, to; tikbanli ishi

preparation; aialhpesa, alhtaha

prepare, to; apoksia, apoksiachi, atati,
alhtaha

prepared; alhtaha, imalhtaha

prepared victuals, pinak

preparer, atati

preponderate, to; weki ivshali

prepossess, to; imanukfila shananchi,
tikbanli ishi

preposterous; achukma, okpulo

presbyter; asanonchi, aba anumpuli iksa
nana isht imatta, hatak asahnonchi

Presbytery, aba anumpuli iksa nana ishi
imashwa aliha

prescience, tikbanli ikhana

prescribe, to; apesa

prescribe medicine, to; ikhitsh apesa

presence, itintakla

present, himak, himmona, ta%kla asha

present, a; chukalaha, habena, halbina,
na halbina, nan ilhpita, nan isht aiok-
pachi

present, to; habenachi, haiakachi, hilechi,
ima, tpeta

resent day, himak nitak

present generation, himona hofanti

present time; himak nitak, himaka

presented; habena, haiaka, halbina

preserve, to; achebachi, halalli, ilatomba,
ishi, okchalinchi, yammichi

preserver, apoba

preserver of life, okchayachi

preside, to; petichi

preside in, to; apetichi

president; miko, pelicheka, petichi

President of the United States, the;
Pinki chito, Pinki chitokaka, Pinki ish-
toka

presiding officer; anumpeshi, peticheka

press; akantalichi, na foka abohushi

press, to; akantalechi, akantali, ateblichi,
atelifa, atunshpalechi, bushli, kantali,
likeli

press against, to; bikeli, tikeli, tobli

press down, to; alhtekachi

press in the throat, to; anukbikeli

press on, to; atebli, ateblichi, bitepa, om-
bitepa

press on with the hand, to; wmbitepa,
umbitka

press together, to; akantalechi, akmo-
chi, akopulechi, itakopulechi, kamassalla

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY OF

press up, to; bokonoli

pressed; akanta, atetifa

pressed against, bokonnoa

pressed down in, aitia

pressed on both sides, atukonofa

pressed together, kamassa

presser, ateblichi

pressure in the throat, to cause;
anukbikelichi

presume, to; ahni, imahoba

presumption, imahoba

presumptuous; himak fokalechi, apunle

pretend, to; ahobi, ilahobbi, pisa

pretended, ilahobbi ;

pretender; ilahobbi, nan ilahobbi

pretense, ilahobbi

pretext, nan isht amiha

pretor, nan apesa

pretty; achukma, aiukli, chohmi

prevail, to; imaiya, i”shali

prevail against, to; imaiyachi

prevalent; aia%ti fehna, ishali

prevaricate, to; anumpa shanaioa, sha-
naoli

prevarication, anumpa shanaioa

prevaricator, anumpa shanaioa

prevent, to; alammi, alammichi, atak-

‘lammi, ataklamoli, oktabli, olabechi,
olabbechi

prevented; alama, ataklama, ataklamoa,
oktapa '

previous, ti7kba

previous time, at a; tinkbaha

previously, tikbaha

prey; imilbik, na wehpoa, wehpoa

prey, to; abit apa, hunkupa, wehpuli

price; aialbi, aialli, atilli, albi, alhtoba,
ialli, itialbi, itialli

price, to; aialbichi, aiilli onuchi, aillichi,
albichi, vallichi

price high, to; aiili chitoli

priced, avilli onitula

priced high; aiilli chito

priceless, aiilli iksho

prick, to; bali, bili, bitibli, hauashko,
homi

pricked; baha, bila

pricket, isi nakni lapish falaktuchi

prickle, to; hushshiho

prickly ash, ikhitsh patassa

prickly heat, itomushi

pride; fehnachi, ilefehnachi

pride, to; ilefehnachi

pried; afena, afinkacht

prier, pisa

THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE Boh

priest; aba anuwmpa isht atta, hatak hullo,
holitompa, hopati, na holitompa isht an-
sha, na holitompa isht atta, na hollochi,
na hollochi iksa, nan apuskiachi

priesthood, aba anumpa isht atta imalh-
tayak

prig; hatak isht afekommi, hurkupa

prim, to; shema, shemachi

primary, tikba

prime, achukma aiali

prime, to; cheli, haksun oncheli, oncheli,
haksun onchiya

priming, hituk haksun onchiya

priming pan; haksun, haksun ‘aionchiya,
hituk aionchiya

priming wire, hakswn chiluk isht shinli

primitive, nitak tinkba

primogenital, atta ammona

primogeniture; atta ammona, attahpi

prince; chitokaka, holitompa, minko

prince of darkness, nan isht ahollo ok-
pulo

princess, ohoyo mi®ko

principal, i”shati

principal, a; i”shali hatak, pelichi

principle, aiyamohmi

principle, to; nukfokechi

principled, nukfoka

prink, to; ilefehnachi

print, holisso

print, to; holisso tkbi, holissocht

printed; holisso, inchunwa

printer; holisso ikbi, holissochi

printing office, holisso avikbi

prior, ti”kba

prison; aboha kallo, nan aiapistikeli

prison, to; aboha kallo foki

prisoned, aboha kallo foka

prisoner; aboha kallo alhpinta, aboha
kallo foka, aiashachi, hatak yuka, yuka

prisoner, female; ohoyo yuka

private; ilap immi, nana luma

private, a; tashka chipota

privateer, hatak hu kupa peni fokat anya

privation; iksho, ilbasha

privily, /wma

privity, luwmat ikhana

privy, /uma

prize; alhtoba, wehpoa

prizer, avilli onuchi

probable; chechik, chiishke, chinshki, he-
pulla

probably, achike, achini, atoshke, chalin,
chechik, chechike, chik, chitshki, hota,
hotukohmi, hotukok, tokok, tuma

526

probity; apissanli, kostina

proboscis, ibishakni

proceed, to; ia, kucha, maya

proceed out of, to; akucha, toba

proceeding, ia

proceeds, isht ilahauchi

process, maya

procession; itakaiyat ta, itichapat va

proclaim, to; anoachi, anoli

proclaimed, anoa

proclaimer, anoachi

proclamation, anumpa

procrastinate, to; abanablichi, abanapa

procreate, to; ikbi

procreator; ikbi, irki

procure, to; ahauchi, ishi

procure by hiring, to; tohno

procurer, ahauchi

prodigal, isht yopula

prodigally, isht yopulat

prodigious, chito

prodigy, pisa inla

produce; alhpoa, waya

produce, to; ikbi, waya, wayacht

produce pods, to; hakshup toba

product, awaya

productive, awaya fehna

profane; isht yopula, okpulo

profane, to; kobaffi, okpant

profaned, kobafa

' profanely, isht yopulat

profaneness, chakapa

profaner; kobaffi, okpant

profess, to; ilahobbi, miha

profess religion, to; aba anumpult rba-
Soka

professed, ilahobbi

profession; alhtayak, miha

professor; holisso ithananchi, ilahobbi

professor of the Gospel, aba anwmpa
yimme

proffer, imissa

proffer, to; imissa

profferer, imissa

proficient, hatak imponna

profit; aiisht ilahauchi, isht ahauchi

profitable; avisht ilahauchi, atisht ilapisa,
alhpesa

profited; ahauchi, aiyukpa

profligate, haksi

profligate, a; hatak haksi, hatak okpulo

profound; ho/fobi, kallo

profound, the; okhata chito

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

profuse, chito

profusely; chito, lawa

progenitor, aiisht atiaka

progeny; ataya, atia, hatak isht unchololi,
isht atiaka

prognosticate, to; tikbanlit anoli

prognosticator; nan ithana, tikbanh
anoli

progress, to; i”shali, marya

progression, ma”ya

project; aahni, imanukfila

project, to; anoli, apesa, kucha pit hikia,
kucha takanli, tarfi, pila

projection; chakbi, shakampi

prolific; chelt imponna, waya fehna

prolix; falaia, salaha

prolong, to; /alaiachi

prolonged, /falaia

prominent; chito, haiaka, kucha hikia

promise; anwmnpa, miha

promise, to; anumpa ilonuchi, imissa,
miha

promiser, miha

promontory, shakampi

promote, to; apelachi

promoter, apelachi

prompt, tu’shpa achukma

prompt, to; aiyimitachi, atohnuchi, ok-
chalechi

prompter, atohnuchi

promulgate, to; anoachi, anoli

promulgator; anoachi, anoli

promulge, to; anoachi, anoli

prone; banna, lipia

proneness, lipia

prong; jilamminchi, washala

prong, to make a; washalachi

pronged; wahhaloha, wahhala,
washaloha, washala

pronounce, to; anumpuli

pronounced, anwmpa

pronunciation, anwmpuli

prop; isht ilaneli, isht tikili, isht tikol,
tikeli

prop, to; tikelichi

propagate, to; cheli, lauachi

propagator, anumpa fimmi

propel, to; tobli

proper; ati, alhpesa, ilap immi, imanka

property, imilayak

property in, immi

prophecy; anumpa tikoanli anoli, tik-
banli anoli, tikbanli anoli anumpa

wakcha,

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY

prophesier, tikbanli anoli

prophesy, to; na tikbanli anoli, tikbanlit
anoli

prophet; hopaii, hopaii puta, nan ikhana,
nan ithana

propinquity; aitinbilinka, bilinka

propitiate, to; hopolachi, hopotalli, nuk-
talali

propitiator, hopolachi

propitious; kana, nukhavklo

proportion, kashapa

proportion, to; kashkoli

proposal, imissa

propound, to; imissa

propounder, imissa

propped, tikeli

proprietary, ilap immi

prorogue, to; abanablichi

proscribe, to; iliissa

proscription, iliissa anwmpa

prosecute, to; aialichi, anumpa kallo
onuchi, anumpa onuchi, atali

prosecuted, anumpa kallo onutula

prosecution, anwmpa kallo onutula

prosecutor; anumpa kallo onuchi, anum-
pa onuchi

proselyte, nan inla yimmi

proselyte, to; nana inla yimmihechi

prospect; ahoba, api®sa, apisaka, pisa

prospective, tikbanlit pisa

prosper, to; aianli, aiokpachi

prospered, aia’li

prostitute, ohoyo haui

prostitute, to; hawi toba

prostrate; fabassat itonla, kinafa

prostrate, to; akkachi, kinatichi

_ prostrated; akkama, kinali

prostration; itola, lipia

protect, to; apohkochi, atukko, atukku-
chi, hofantichi, okchalinchi

protected; apohko, hofanti, okcharya

protection; apohko, atukko

protector, aiatokko

protest, to; miha

protract, to; achibali, falaiachi

protracted, /alaia

protrude, to; tikba chafichi, tikba tobli

protuberant, chito

proud; auata, fehnachi, ilatechia, ilefeh-
nacht

proud, to make; /ehnachi

prove, to; akostininchi, anh, antichi, pisa

proved; atokowa, pulla

proverb, anumpa

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 527

provide, to; ahauchi, atali, ivshi

provided, ataha

providence; akaniohm1, atali, ilahtali

Providence (the Deity), Aba pinki

provider; atali, ilhpak atati

province; apetichika, yakni

provision, atali

provisions; tlhpa, ilhpak, pinak, pinak
toba

provocation; nukoachi, nukpallichi

provoke, to; aiyimitachi, anukchahachi,
chililli, chilitachi, nukhobelachi, nukoa-
chi, okpulochi, panfi

provoked; chilita, nukoa

provoker, nukoachi

prow; ibish, peni ibish

prowess, amoshuli

prowl, to; yulullit arya

prowler, yulullit arya

proximate, bilinka

proxy, alhtoba

prudence, tlatomba

prudent; hopoksia, ilatomba, nan ithana

prune, to; naksish nalichi

pruned, naksish nahachit taha

pruner, naksish natichi

pry; isht afana, isht wakeli

pry, wooden; iti isht tonolichi

pry, to; afinni, afinnit abishtia, hoyo

pry into, to; pisa

pry up, to; afenali

psalm; ataloa, aba taloa, taloa

psalm book, holisso ataloa

psalmist, taloa ikbi

psalmody, taloa abachi

psaltery, saltili

pshaw; /i”, oe

puberty, asano

public, okla moma

publican, pablikan

publication, anoli

publish, to; anoli, haiakachi, holisso tkbt

published, anoa

publisher, nan anoli

puccoon, pishkak

pucker; akkapushli, awalakachi

pucker, to; awalakachechi, nuktakba, po-
koli, shinoffi, shinoli, yikulli

pucker, to cause to; itukwislichi, poku-
tichi

puckered; awalakachi, yikota

pudding; ashela, bahpo

puddle; haiyip, oka talaia

pudenda mulieris, imoksini

598 BUREAU

pudgy, nia
puerile; alla chuhmi, alla ilahobbi

puff, pafachi

puff, to; apu®fachi, chitot fiopa, fohukli,
pafachi, shitimma

puffball, pakti shobota

puffed; alhpunfa, ilefehnachi

puffy; alhpu”fa chuhmi, shitimmi

pugilist, ibbak isht atibbi

pugnacious, nukoa shali

puke; hoeta, hoetachi, hohoeta, ikhinsh ish-
kot hoita

puke, to; hoeta, hohoetachi

puke, to cause to; hoetachi

puke continually, to; hohoeta

puking and purging, itala"kla ont ia

pule, to; kifaha

pull, halalli

pull, to; amo, halalli

pull down, to; halat akkachi

pull off, to; liffi

pull out, to; chukali, chukalichi, chukaffi,
chukli, halat kuchi, kohchi, kuchi, sheti,
tirfi

pull out, to make; chukalichi

pull up, to; piliffi, teli, tirfi

pulled, almo

pulled out; chukafa, chukali, tinfa

pulled up; teha, tinfa

puller, halalli

pullet, akavk tek himmita

pulmonary disease, nukshulla

pulp; lupi, nipi

pulpit; ahikiat anumpuli,
aba aianumpuli

pulsate, to; mitikminli, mitilhmiya, mo-
tukli, nuktimekachi, timikmeli

pulsation; mitikli, mitilhmiya, nukkite-
kachi, nuktimekachi

pulse, the; michilhha, mitikminli, mitilh-
miya

pulverize, to; botoli, botolichi, pushechi

pulverized; bota, pushi

pump, to; halali

pumpkin, isito

pumpkin, cooked or stewed; isito honni

pumpkin, yellow or hard-shelled;
isito sala

pumpkin, yellow or ripe; isito lakna

pumpkin color, tikowa

pumpkin stem, isht takali

pumpkin vine, ‘sito api

punch; isht tumpa, tali isht tumpa

punch, to; tukatichi, tukaffi

aianumpuli,

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL., 46

punched; tukafa, tukati

puncheon; italhfoa chito, iti pala patalh-
po, pataspoa

puncher; isht tumpa, tunlichi

punctual, tushpa

puncture; afumpa, lumpli

puncture, to; lwmpli

punctured; tukafa, lumpa

pungency; homi, nukhomi

pungent; homi, nukhomi

pungent, to render; nukhomechi

punish, to; fammi, isikkopali, nana ka-
nihchi

punished; fama, isikkopa, nana kaniohmi

punishment, ilbasha

puny; hashonti, iskitini

pup, to; ofu”sikcheli

pupil; alla holisso pisa, holisso pisa, nan
ikhana, nana aiithana

pupil of the eye, nishkin nihi

pupilage, alla holisso pisa

puppet, hatak holba isht washoha

puppy; ofu%sik, ofushi

puppy, to; ofursikcheli

purblind, nishkin lapa ammona

purchasable, chwnpa hinla

purchase, chumpa

purchase, to; chumpa

purchase money, isht chumpa

purchaser; chumpa, nan chumpa

pure; aarti, arti, kashofa, yohbi

pure heart, chu”kash anti

pureness; achukma, shohkawali, yohbi

purgated, kashofa ;

purgation; kashofa, kashoffi

purgative, ik/fiachi

purge, to; ik/fia, ikfiachi, kashoffi

purged, ikfia

purging; tkfiachi, italarkla ont ia

purification; kashofa, kashoffi

purification, ceremonious; okissa

purification day, okissa nitak

purification of oneself, nan ilachifa

purified, kashofa

purify, to; achefa, kashoffi, kashoffichi,
okissachi

purify, to cause to; okissachi

purify ceremoniously, to; okissa

purity; achukma, kostini, yohbi

purl, to; chusohachi

purloin, to; hukupa

purloiner, hu"kupa

purple; homaiyi, homakbi, okchakalbi

purple, to; homaiyichi, homakbichi

BYINGTON ]

purport, ahni

purport, to; ahni

purpose, ahni

purpose, to; ahni, anukfilli, apesa

purposely, ahnit

purr, kileha

purr, to; kileha

purse; shukcha, tali holisso imshukcha

purse, to; shukcha, tali holisso ishukcha
foki

purslane, lobuna

purse-proud; tali holisso isht ilawata,
tali holisso isht ilefehnachi

pursue, to; alioa, atioli, atiyuha, iakaiya,
lioa, tioli

pursuer; iakaiya, tioli

pursuit; iakaiya, tioli

purvey, to; atali

purveyance, atali

purveyor, atati

pus, aninchichi

pus, to gather; aninchichi

push; bali, tobli

push, to; bati, tobli, topol

push, to cause to; ftoblichi

push each other, to; tobli

push in, to; atelichi

push into the water, to; oka tobli

push up, to; apetichi

pusher, tobli

pushing pole, isht tobli

pusillanimity; nukshopa, nukwia

pusillanimous; nukshopa, nukwia

pusley, lobuna

pustule, tanlakchi

put, to; boli, fohki, talali

put a neckcloth on, to;, inuchechi,
inuchi

put a plume upon another, to; shiko-
blichi

put among, to; ibafoki

put an end to at, to; ahokoffi

put away, to; kahpuli, kanchi

put before, to; tikba kati

put beneath, to; nutakachi

put down, to; akkaboli, ashachi

put endwise together, to; tikeli

put farther off, to; mishemachi

put forth, to; takalechi, weli

put in; abeha, afoka, albihkachi, alhpitta,
alhto, ilhpita

putin, to; abeli, afohka, afohkachi, afohki,
apitta, fohki, fohka, fokichi, maiachi

put in with, to; ibafoki, ibani

84339°—Bull. 46—15——34

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE of

bo
co

put into a bag, to; shapulechi

put into a crack; kafali, kafoli, kafalichi

put into the hand, ibbak fohka

put into the hand, to; ibbak fohki

put into the mouth, to; kapali, kapa-
lichi

put off, isht amiha

put on; abeha, albihkachi, fohka, holloe

put on, to; abeli, abanali, fohka, fohabli,
holo, holochi, iatipela, iatipelichi, na foka
Joka, onochi, umpatali

put on a plume, to; shikobli

put on board, to; peni chito fohki, pent
Jfohki, peni foka

put on ornaments, to; ilakhata, shema

put out, kucha

put out fire, to; lwak mosholichi

put out of joint, kotali

put out of joint, to; kotatichi, kotaffi

put over; auanapa, auanapoa, abanapoa,
abanapa, tanapa, tanapoa

put over, to; auanapolichi, auanablichi,
abanapolechi, abanablichi, tanapolechi

put round; /olota, folotoa

put the hands on, to; bitepa

put the log out too far, to; okta/ashlichi

put through; fopoli, yululli

put through, to; lopolichi, topullichi

put to shame, to; hofayatichi

put together, kaha

put together, to; apelichi, ibakali,
ichabli, itabana, itabani

put together with, to; aieninchi

put up, to; hilechi, hiolicht

put up a house, to; aboha ilabanni

put up in a crack, to; ka/olichi

put up to, to; atohnuchi

put with, to; aieninchi, kati

putrid, shua

putrified, shua

putrify, to; shua, shuachi

puts on, one who; onochi

putty; apisa isht alhpolosa, isht akamassa

putty, to; albochi, albokachi

puzzle; aiitaiyokoma, itaiyokoma

puzzle, to; aiyokoma, aiyokomi, aiyoko-
michr

puzzled, aiyokoma

puzzler, itaiyokommi

quack; alikchi ilahobi, nan tkhana ila-
hobbi, nan ithana ilahobbi

quack, to; hirlhhinthachi, ola

quadrangle, bolukta

530

quadrangular, bolukta

quadroon, na hollushi

quadruped, iyi ushta

quaff, to; chitot nanabli

quaffer, chitot nanabli

quagmire; lukchuk yalallaha, yalallaha

quail, kofi

quail, to; hawashko, nutaka ta

quail, young; hofushi

quail’s egg, kofushi

quaint, inla

quake; wannichi, winnakacht

quake, to; nukshopat wannichi, winnaka-
chi

qualified; aiataha, alhtaha

qualify, to; aiatati, atali

qualm, hoeta banna

qualmish, hoeta banna

quantity, kanomona

quantity, small; kanomusr

Quapaw (a certain tribe), Okahpa

quarrel, itachoa

quarrel, to; achowa, nukoa

quarreler; itachoa, itinnukoa

quarrelsome; itachoa shalt,
shali, nukoa

quarry, tali akula

quart; isht ishko patala tuklo, koat

quarter; hanali, iklannaka iklanna

quarter, to; fushali ushtali

quarterly, hashi tuchinakma

quarters, hoyofa

quarters, the four; hanalushta

quash, to; akshuchi, kashoffi, litoti

quashed; aksho, kashofa, litoa

quaternion, tashka-chipota ushta

quaver, to; taloa wannichi

queasy, hoeta banna

queen; miko imohoyo, minko tekchi,
ohoyo miko

queen bee, foe bilishke inminko

queer, inla

quell, to; yokopachi

quelled, yokopa

quench, to; mosholichi, yokopachi

quenchable; mosholicha hinla, yokopacha
hinla

quenched; mosholi, yokopa

querl, to; chanaha

querulous, na miha shati

query, to; anonaklo, ponaklo

quest, hoyo

quest, to; hoyo

question; cho, ponaklo, to

itinnukoa

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 46

question, to; panaklo, ponaklo

quibble, to; himak fokalit anumpult

quibbler, himak fokalit anumpuli

quick; cheki, palhki, shinimpa, tushpa

quick, to; okcharya

quick-minded, imanukfila tu™shpa

quick motion, nuklibekachi

quick-sighted, nishkin halup

quicken, to; ashalinchi, okcharya,
charyachi, tu%shpalechi, turshpachi

quickened; okcharya, palhki

quickener, okchanyachi

quickly; ashalinka, cheki, chekusi, chekusi
Jehna, palhki, turshpa

quickness; palhki, shinimpa, tushpa

quicksand; shinuk haiemo, shinuk kaha

quiescent; chulosa, luna

quiet; chilosa, chulosa, hopola, illi, nuk-
taiyala, nuktala, yokopa

quiet, to; chilosachi, chulosachi, hopota-
chi, hopotalli, nuktalachi, nuktalalt, nuk-
taloti, yokopachi, yokopult

quiet, to become; chulosa, hopola, nuk-
tala

quiet, to grow; yokopa

quieted; chulosa, hopola, nuktala, yokopa

quieter; chulosachi, nuktalali

quietly, /wmasi

quietness; chulosa, luma, nuktala, yo-
kopa

quietness, to cause; nuktalalichi, nuk-
talotichi

quill, hoshirshi

quilt, nan italhkatta

quilt, to; nan italhkatta ikbi

quinsy, tkonla shatali

quintal, weki talepa achafa

quit, issa -

quit, to; atobbi, issa

quit, to cause to; aiissachi, issacht

quit of, mokofa ,

quite; fehna, kitsha, taha

quite enough, laua alhpesa

quitting, issa

quiver, to; wananaha, wanananli, wan-
nichi, yalatha, yalattakachi

quivering; wannichi, yalatha, yalattaka-
chi

quoth, achi

ok-

rabbet, to; sharfit itiaiopitammichi
rabbeted, sha”/it itiaiopitammr
rabbi; a’shali, mshali, pimshatr
rabbit; chukfi, chukfi luma

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY

rabbit, domesticated; chuk/falhpoba

rabbit, small; kuchasha

rabbit, young; chukfushi

rabble, hatak yahapa laua

rabid; holilabi, nukoa, tasembo

rabid fox; chula holilabi, chula tasembo

rabidness; nukoa, tasembo

raccoon, a; shawi

race; aiunchululli, imaiya, tsht atia, itim-
pakna, itintimiya

race, to; isuba itintimia, itintimiya

race ground, isuba aiitintimiya

race horse, isuba intintimia

racer, imaiya

rack; atikeli, alhpoa foni, wak atimpa

rack (for eating), aiwmpa

rack, to; bichet tali, isikkopali, kavilli,
tikelichi

racked; bichataha, ilbasha, isikkopa, tikeli

racket, yahapa

racket, to make a; yahapa

racking pace, kaialli

racy, homi

radiant, tombi

radiate, to; tohwikeli, tohwikelichi, tom-
bi, tombichi

radicate, to; hofobichit hilechi

raft, pehta

rafter; aboha aio“holmo itutikoli, hoshon-
tikiyt, iti itikeli, itr ititekilr, tikelv

rag, na lilafa

rag, white; na hata lilafa

rage; anukbata, anukshomunta, nukoa

rage, to; anukbata, anukshomota, chitoli,
kallo, lua, nukoa

ragged, lilalankachi

raging; anukbata, anukshomunta

rags; tilala”kachi, na tilati

rail; holihta pata, inukoa, iti pata

rail, to; holihtachi, nanukachi, nukoa

rail stuff, iti pala

raiment; anchi, na fohka

rain, umba

rain, fine; butwmmi

rain, great; wimba chito

rain, to; wmba, umbachi

rain, to engage one to make it; um-
bachechi

rain, to make it; wmbachi

rain hard, to; pakalichi, wmba chitoli

rain on; to; wmba

rain water; oka umba, okumba

rainbow, hinak bitepuli

rainy; wmba, wmba laua

OF THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 531

raise, to; akachakali, akachakalichi, apoa,
apoachi, aba isht ta, atobachi, attat hofan-
lichi, bokonoli, chahachi, hilechi, hiotichi,
hofantichi, hofallichi, ikbi, ittannali, taka-
lechi, tanichi, wakayohachi, wakeli, wako-
licht

raise (as from the dead), to; okcha”-
yacht

raise a log house, to; abanni, aboha ita-
banni

raise the eyebrows, to; okmisikali

raise the price, to; aiilli chahachi

raised; abaona, alhpoa, attat hofanti,
chaha, hofanti, hofalli, toba

raiser; chahachi, hofantichi, ikbi

raisin, pa"ki chito shila

raising; chahachi, itabanni, okcharyachi

rake; chupilhkash isht piha, hashuk isht
itannati, onush api isht peti

rake (person); hatak tasembo, tasimbo

rake, to; itannali, pelt

rake an open fire, to; kinni

rake hay, to; hashuk itannali

rake up, to; apeli

raked, itanaha

raked place, apiha

raker, apeli

rally, itannali

rally, to; atuklant itannati, itanaha

ram; chukfalhpowa nakni, chukfi nakni

ram, to; atelichi

ramble, nowa

ramble, to; fullokachit arya

ramble in speaking, to; /ullokachit
anumpult

rambler, nowa shali

ramify, to; iti naksish laua toba

rammed in, abeha

rammer, tanamp isht kashokachi

rampart, holihta kallo

rancid; hawashko, kalancha, katama, ko-
soma, kotoma

rancid, to make it; kalamachi

rancidity; kalancha, kalama

rancor, nukoa atapa

rancorous, nukoa atapa

random, hiimak fokali

random, to act at; himak fokalechi, hi-
mak fokali

random, to do at; yammak fokalechi

random, to go at; himak fokali, yammak
fokalechi, yammak fokali

range; afolota, tanamp chito i®naki pit
akanchi alhpesa

532

range, to; abaiyachi, itilauit hika, itilauit
hilechi

range about for pillage, to; wehput
fullota

range (for eating), aiimpa

range for swine, shukha aiasha

ranged, itilawit hika

ranges, placed in; bawlli

rank (foul), shua

rank (luxuriant), waya achukma

rank, single; itiakaya

rank, to; bailli

ranked, bailli

rankle, to; aninchichi, kallot ishi ia, nu-
koa

rankness; asano, chaha, shwa

ranks, bachoha

ranks, to cause to follow in; baiillichi

ranks, to march in single; baiillit nowa

ranks, to move in; baiet birya

ranks, to stand in; baiallit heli

ransack, to; tiablit pisa

ransom; isht alhtoba, yuka issa

ransom, to; chumpa, lakofficht

ransomed, fako/ffi

ransomex, lakoffichi

rant, anumpa nukoa

rant, to; chitot anumpuli, nukoat anum-
puli

ranter, chitot anumpuli

rap; kabuk, kamakachi, kobak, kobokachi,
komokachi

rap, to; chukash ishi, komoha, komolichi,
sakaha, sakalichi, sokuha

rap on a bell, komak

rapacious; abit apa shali, wehpuli shati

rapacity, wehpuli shali

rape; hoklit aiissa, ohoyo hokli

rape, to; atissa, hoklit atissa

rapid; palhki, shinimpa, tushpa

rapid, a; fopa, oka yanallipalhki

rapidity; palhki, shinimpa, tushpa

rapidly, fehna

rapids, oka yanallipathki

rapier; bashpo falaia, bashpo isht itibi

rapine, wehpoa

rapper, kobolichi

rapture, chutkash ishi

rapturous, yukpa atapa

rare; achafoa, achukma fehna, keyuchohmi,
okcharki

rascal; haksichi, hatak haksi

rascality; haksipi, okpulo

rascally; haksi, okpulo

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

rase, to; kashoffichi

rash, tlapunla

rasher; nipi tushafa, nipi tushafa pasa

rashly, tushpa

rashly, to act; himak fokalechi

rashness; ahah ahni keyu, tushpa

rasp; isht milofa, isht milofa chito, iti isht
mitlofa

rasp, to; mitoffi, miloha mitolichi

raspberry, na hollo inbissa

rasped; milohachi, miloti, mitofa

rasure, kashoffi

rat, pichali

rat, field; pintukfi

rate, foka

rate, to; ailli onuchi, hotina, iallichi,
miha, nukoa

rated, avlli onitula

rater, avilli onuchi

rather, keyukmat

ratified; aia’ti, kallo, lopulli

ratifier, kallochi

ratify, to; aianlichi, antichi, kallochi

ration; ilhpita, imalhpisa, impa

rational, imanukfila asha

ratsbane, pichati isht illi

rattle (the instrument); chasha, chasha,
inchasha, labahahanchi

rattle (the noise), kinihahanohi

rattle, to; cha”sha, chashahachi, chashli-
chi, chalakachi, chamakachi, chisoha, chi-
sohachi, chusoha, chusohachi, chusopa,
katahachechi, kalahachi, kinthachi, kitiha-
chi, kolahachechi, kotahachi, shachahachi,
shiloa, washahachi, watahachi

rattle, to make; chashahachechi, chuso-
pach

rattle in the throat, to; shikiffi

rattler, chisohachi

rattlesnake, sintullo

rattlesnake, a species of; sinti shaui

rattlesnake, ground; chuk/fitchtololi

rattlesnake, the ‘‘diamond;”’ tiak in-
sintt

rattlesnake’s rattles, sintullo inchasha

rattling; chashak, chashakachi, chisoha,
chatakchi, chusoha, chusopa, katahachi,
kinthahanohi, kolaha, kotahachi, labaha-
hancht

rattling noise, kitihachi

ravage, to; okpani, wehpuli, welr

ravage by fire, to; ittot anya

ravaged; okpulo, weha

ravager; okpani, wehpuli

BYINGTON ]

rave, to; anukbata, tasembo

ravel, to; linfa, poshukta, sheli

raveled; lina, shiha

raveling, li”/fa

raven, fala chito

raven, to; isikopali

ravenous, isikopali

ravine; kolokbi, okfa

ravines, deep; kolhkobeka

raving fox, chula tasembo

ravish, to; atissa, hoklit avissa

ravisher, hoklit avissa

raw; foni bano, humma, imponna, ka-
passa, tofa, okcharki

raw bones, /foni bano

rawboned; chunna, foni bano

rawhide, hakshup hish asha

rawhide, twisted; aseta pana

rawness; ikhana, okchanki

ray, tombi

ray of light, tombi

rayless, oktili

raze, to; akkachi, kashoffichi, okpani, ok-
pant tali, tiabli

raze a house, to; aboha kinaffi

razed; kashofa, okpulo, okpuloi
tiapa

razor, nutakhish isht shafa

reach; wali, ona

reach, to; aiali, bikeli, bikelichi, haksichi,
lopullit ona, ona, tikeli

reach, to cause to; onachi

reach forward, to; mampoa

reach round, to; apak/oa

reach the clouds, to; hoshonti pit tikeli

reach to all, to cause to; okluthalinchi

reach to or there, to; aiona

reach to two, to; tuklona

react, to; atuklant yammichi, falama

read, to; akostininchi, anumpuli, holisso
atvitimanumpuli, holisso imanumpulli,
holisso itimanunpuli, holisso pisa, pisa

reader; anumpuli, holisso imanumpulli,
holisso itimanumpulr

readily; aiokpachi achukma, tu®shpa

readiness; aiokpanchi achukma, alhtaha,
tushpa

reading, itimanumpuli

ready; alhtaha, tushpa, tu”shya achukma

ready, nearly; ahikma

ready-minded man, hatak imanukfila
tutshpa

real; aati, anti, fehna

real thing, na fehna

taha,

A DICTIONARY OF THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 538

reality; wanli, na fehna, nana aiarli,
nana fehna

realize, to; akostininchi

really; anti, mati

realm; mitko apetechika afullota, minko
apetichi

ream of paper; holisso pula pokoli tuklo
akucha ushta, holisso talakchi achafa

reanimate, to; okchalechi

reannex, to; achakalechi

reannexed, achaka

reap, to; amo, bashli

reap wheat, to; onush amo

reaped; almo, basha

reaper; bashli, na bashli, nan amo, onush
bashli

reaping hook; isht almo, onush isht almo,
onush isht basha

reappear, to; atuklant haiaka

reappoint, to; atuklant atokoli

rear; a’shaka intannap, imashaka, isht
aopt, okbal, ukbal, ulbal

rear, in the; okbal, ukbal, ulbal

rear, to; aba isht ia, hilechi, yimintachi

rear (bring up), to; hofantichi, ikhanan-
chi

rear, to be in the; a”shaka

rear, to place in the; a”shakachi

rear up, to; hilechi

reared, hofanti

rearward; aka, isht aiopi atya, okbal

reascend, to; atuklant oia

reason; alhpesa, imanukfila, isht miha,
nan thmi

reason, to; aiimomachi, anukfilli, anum-
puli, imanukfila

reason for death, aiisht alli

reasonable; alhpesa, imanuk/fila asha

reassemble, to; atuklant itannaha, atuk-
lant itannah

reassembled, atuklant itannaha

reassume, to; atuklant ishi

reassure, to; atuklant a”tichi

reattempt, to; atuklant yammiht pisa

rebel, anumpa kobaffi

rebound, to; issot falama, tolupli

rebuild, to; atuklant ikbi

rebuke, to; alammi, alammichi, anum-
puli, hokoffi, olabbechi, palakachi

recall, to; atuklant apesa, atuklant hoyo,
falammichi

recant, to; issa, kanchi

recapitulate, to; albitet anoli

recapture, to; falammichit ishi, okha

5384

recast, atuklant akmi

recast, to; atuklant akmichi, atuklant pila

recede, to; falama

re-cede, to; falammint inkanchi

recede, to cause to; falammichi

receipt; holisso, ishi

receipt of custom, aiitahoba

receive, to; ahnichi, habena, haklo, ishi,
nukfoka, pisa, yimmi

receive as a gift, to; ilhpita

receive well, to; aiokpanchi, aiokpachi

received; ibbak foka, nukfoka

received as a present, habena

receiver, ishi

recent; cheki, himmona

recently; cheki, chekusikash

receptacle; aiabiha, aiashachi, aialhto

reception; aiokpanchi, ishi

recess; aluma, anutkaka, falama

rechoose, to; atuklant atokoli

rechosen, atuklant alhtuka

reciprocate, to; alhtoboa

recital, anoli

recite, to; anoli

reckless, ahah ahni

reckon, to; ahni, ahnichi, anukfilli, ho-
tina, imahoba

reckoned, holhtena

reckoned in, holhtina

reckoning, hotina

reclaim, to; falammichechi, falammint
hoyo, hopoyuksalechi, kostininchi

reclaimed; hopoyuksa, kostini

recline, to; ataiya, shanaia, tashki, waiya

recluse; hatak haiaka keyu, hatak luma,
luma

recoil, falamakachi

recoil, to; falama, falamakachi, falama-
kachi, hehka

recoiling, falamakachi

re-collect, to; atuklant itannalt

recollect, to; akostininchi, ikhana

recollection, ikhana

recommence, to; atuklant isht ia

recommend, to; aiokpanchit anoli

recompense; «alhtoba, ilaiukha

recompense, to; atobbi, chiloffi, falam-
michi, okha

recompensed, alhtoba

reconcile, to; aiiskiachi, apesa, apoksia-
chi

reconciled; apoksia, alhpesa, nan aiya

reconciliation; itimalhpisa, ilinnan aiya

recondite, /wma

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

reconnoiter, to; pisa

reconquer, to; imaiyat falammint ishi

reconsider, to; atwklant anukfilli

reconvey, to; falammint itkanchi

reconvey, to; falammint isht ona

record; holisso, holisso atakali, isht anoli

record, to; holisso lapalichi, holisso taka-
Licht

recorded; holisso, holisso takala

recorder; holisso takalichi, holissocht

recount, to; anoli

recover, to; falammint ashi, lakoffi, ta-
ko ffichi

recover from, to; atakofi

recover, to begin to; lakoffit isht ia

recovered; kanihmit taha, takoffi, masala

recovery; falama, falammint ishi, tako ffi,
takon ffi

recreant; hobak, holabi, parya

re-create, to; okchali

recreate, to; fohachi, yukpali

recreated, yukpa

recreation; /foha, okcha, yukpa

recriminate, to; onochi

recruit, to; atati, atuklant imatati, foha

recruited, atuklant imalhtaha

rectified, achukma

rectify, to; achchukmali

rectitude, hopoksa

rector, petichi

rectum, kobish

recumbent; ataiya, itola, tashki

recur, to; ikhana

red; homaiyi, humma

red (as the cheek), oktisheli

red, fiery; tishepa

red, to color; homaiyichi, hummachi

red dye; isht hummachi, nan isht hum-
macha

red lead, naki humma

red man; hatak, hatak api humma

red paint; lukfi humma, na humma, tishi
humma

red pole, iti humma

Red river, oka humma

red spot; humma talaia, humma taloha

red warrior, na hwmma

red water, oka humma

redbird; bishkumak, hushi humma

redden, to; hwmma, hummachi

reddened; humma, hummachi, kichanli

reddish; homaiyi, homakbi, hummaiyi,
hummalhha

BYINGTON]

reddish, to make; homaiyichi

redeem, to; chumpa, falamat chumpa,
falammint chumpa, takoffichi

redeemable, falammint chumpa hinla

redeemed, lakoffi

redeemer; chumpa, falammint chumpa,
takoffichi

redeliver, to; falammint ima

redemption; «aiokchalivka,
chumpa, takoffichi

redhot, lashpat humma, luat humma

red-hot, to heat; lashpat hummachi, luat
hummachi

redly, huwmma

redness, hwmma

redolent, balama

redouble, to; atuklant polomi, albitet
yammichi

redoubled, atuklant potoma

redress, to; achukmalechi, aiskiachi, apok-
siachi, atobbi, takoffichi

redressed; achukma,
lako ffi

reduce, to; ala, falammichi, haboffi, hak-
sichi, homechi, iskitinichi, kalakshichi

reduce the price, to; ola taklachi, takla-
chi, taklechi

reduced; falama, homi, ilbasha, iskitini,
kalakshi

redundant; atapa fehna, laua fehna

reecho, to; atuklant hobachi

reed; ku®shak, uski chuta

reed, large; ku”shak chito

reed, low; ku”shak patakchi

reed, weaver’s; uski chuta

re-edify, to; atuklant ikbi

reedy, ku”shak chito

reef, tali bacha

reek, to; shoboli

reeking, shoboli

reel; aholhtufa, ponola hulhtufa

reel, to; afoli, chukfolohay favokachi, fai-
unkla

reel, to cause to; chuk/fulli, faioti

reelect, to; atuklant atokoli

reeled, alhfoa

reeling, /aiokachi

reenjoy, to; atuklant isht ilaiyukpa

reenter, to; atuklant chukoa

reestablish, to; atuklant hilechi

reexamine, to; atuklant pisa

refectory, aboha aiimpa

refine, to; achukmalechi, kashoffichi, yoh-
biche

falammint

aiskia, apoksia,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

535

refined; achukma, kashofa

refinement; kashofa, kashoffi, yohbi

refiner, kashoffichi

refit, to; aiskiachi

refitted, aiskia

reflect, to; anuk/illi, falammichi, shoh-
malali, tombi

reflect light, to; malattakachi

reflection, imanukyila

reflection of light, malattakachi

reform, kostini

reform, to; aiskiachi, apoksiachi, kostini,
kostininchi

reformer; apoksiachi, hopoksiachi, kosti-
nincht

refractory; isht afekommi, nukoa shalt

refrain, to; auola, olabbi

refresh, to; kapassachi, kapassalli, ok-
chali, yimintachi, yukpali

refreshed;
yuk pa

refreshment; nusi, okcha

refrigerate, to; kapassachi, kapassalli

refuge; aiatokko, alakofi

refugee, alako/i

refulgent, tohwikeli

refund, to; /falammichi, falammint atobbr

refunded; alhtoba, falama, falamat alhtoba

refusal; apoa, haklo

refuse; ahoba, ahopoka, atampa

refuse, to; ahah achi, aiokpachi, haklo,
ilafoa, shi, keywachr

refused, aiokpachi

refute, to; imaiya

regain, to; atuklant ishi

regal, miko ahalaia

regale, to; impa, yukpali

regaled, yukpa

regard, ikhana

regard, to; ahnichi, aiokpachi, anuk/illi,
holitobli, pisa

regarded, ikhana

regenerate, chunkash himmona

regenerate, a; altuklant toba

regenerate, to; chutkash himmonachi,
atuklant ikbi

kapassa, okcha, yimmita,

regenerated; atuklant toba, chukash
himmona
regeneration; atuklant ikbi, chu™kash
himmona

regent, pelichi

regimen, ahah ahnit impa

regiment, tashka chipota holhtina
regimentals, tashka chipota isht shema

536

region; /folota, okla, yakni fullota

register, holisso anumpa atakali

registered, holisso takalichi

regorge, to; falammint nanabli, hoeta

regress, /alama

regret; nukharklo, okko, yakoke

regret, to; nukhanklo

regular, apissanli

regular, a; tashka chipota

regularly; apissanli, bilia

regulate, to; achchukmali, aviskia, ais-
kiachi, apesa, apoksiacht

regulated; achukma, aiiska, aiskia, apok-
sia, alhpesa

regulator, aiiskia

rehear, to; atuklant haklo

rehearse, to; achi, anoli, atuklant miha,
hobachit miha

rehearser; achi, anoli, miha

reign, pelichi

reign, to; aminko, minko, minko toba, pe-
lichi

reign over, to; pelichi

reimburse, to; falammint atobbi

rein, kapali isht talakchi

rein, to; fololichi, nukoa

reins, the; chutkash, haiyithchi

reinstate, to; falammint fohki, falam-
mint heliche

reiterate, to; anoli

reject, to; issa, kampila, kanchi, shitti-
lema

rejecter, kanchi

rejection, kanchi

rejoice, to; na yukpa, yukpa -

rejoice the heart, to; churkash yukpali

rejoice with, to; yukpa

rejoiced, yukpa

rejoicing, na yukpa

rejoin, to; yukpali

rejuvenate, to; himmitachi

rekindle, to; atuklant oti

rekindled, atuklant ulhti

relapse; afalama, afilema, afilemoa, falama

relapse, to; afalama, afilema, afilimmi,
Jalamat abeka

relapse, to cause a; afilimmicht

relate, to; anol

related; anoa, kanomi

relation (story); anoa, anoli

relation (relative); hatak ikanohmi,
itinkanomi, kanoma

relative, itivkanomt

relator, anoli

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY,

[BULL. 46

relax, ikfia

relax, to; ikfia, ikfiachi, kota, nuktala,
yohabli, yokopa, yokopachi

relaxed; ikfia, kota, nuktala, yokopa

release; issa, kucha, lakon fi, yuka issa

release, to; issa, lakoffichi, yuka issachi

released; kucha, takoffi, yuka issa

relent, to; lacha, yohbi, yokopa

relentless; yohbi keyu, yokopa iksho

reliance, yimmi

relics; hatak illi, nan illi

relief; nuktala, nuktallachi

relieve, to; aiskiachi, apelachi, lakoffichi

relieved; aiskia, lakoffi

religion; aba anumpa, nana aiyimmika

religious; aba anumpa nukfoka, aba
anumpa yimmt

- religiously clean, isht ahullochika

relinquish, to; issa

relish, kashaha

relish, to; ahinnia, kashaha, kashahachi

relish, to cause to; kashahachi

re-live, to; atuklant okchaya

reluctant; anukwia, banna, haklo

rely, to; anukcheto

remain, to; aiasha, anta, itola, talaia

remainder; atampa, alhkucha, alhtampa

remains; atampa, hatak illi, nan illi

remake, to; atuklant ikbi

remark; amiha, holisso

remark, to; ahni, anukfilli, pisa

remarkable, na fehna

remarried, atuklant itauaya :

remarry, to; atuklant itawaya, atuklant .
itauayacht

remedied; apoksia, atta, lakoffi, masali

remediless, takojffahe keyu

remedy; alakofi, apelachi, isht takoffi

remedy, to; aiskiachi, takoffichi

remember, to; ahnit, akostininchi, anuk-

Johka, tkhana, ikhana
remembraney Man, isht ckhana

remembrancer}; tkhananchi, isht ikhana

remind, to; ikhananchi

remiss; ahaksichi shalt, salaha

remission; imahaksi, issa, isht akashofa

remit, to; falammichi, halata, tmahaksi,
issa, laua, shippa, shippachi, yokopa,
yokopachi

remitted, lashofa

remnant, alampa

remnants of men, hatak wishakchi

remonstrate, to; ahnichi

remorse, nukhanklo

BYINGTON ]

remote, hopaki

remotely; hopaki, pilla

removal; kobajfi, wiha

remove; hopaki, wiha

remove, to; akanalichi, akanallechi, aka-
nalli, amsha, alhtosholi, bashpuli, ha-
boffi, kanali, kanalichi, kanallichi, kana-
lichi, kania, kobaffi, mishemachi, okpani,
taklachi, toshoa, wiha

remove swellings, to; habolichi

removed; alhtoshoa, hopaki, kanalli, ka-
nia, kobafa, mishema

remunerate, to; atobbi

remunerated, alhioba

remuneration; atobbi, alhtoba

rencounter, itibbi

rencounter, to; itibi

rend, to; liabli, litoti, tilatichi, llaffi,
lilechi, tilli, nipa, okpani, patalli

rend from, to; moko/fi

render; alhtoba, falama, ima, tilajji, tile-
chi

render, to; anoli, falammichi, falammint
ima, ima, tosholi

render childish, to; puskusechi

render into, to; alhtosholi

render proud, to; ilefehnachechi

rendered, toshoa

rendered into, alhtoshoa

rendezvous, avitanaha

rendezvous, to; avitanaha

rendor, issa

renegade, hatak haksi okpulo

renew, to; atuklant ikbi, atuklant isht 2a,
albitet ikbi, himmitachi, himonachi

renew the heart, to; chu”kash himmo-
nacht

renewable, himmonacha hinla

renewed; atuklant toba, himmona

renewed by the spirit, shilombish isht
aatta

renewed heart, chutkash himmona

rennet; bakna, imbakna

renounce, to; issa, kanchi

renovate, to; aiskiachi, himonachi

renovated; aiskia, himmona, himmona
toba

renown, anoa

rent; litoa, tilafa, tilalankachi, tilati, tilli

rent (payment for something), pota
alhtoba

rent, to; impota, shobobu”kachi

rent and worn out, to be; bihkachi

renter; impota, yakni impota

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE Hot

reorganize, to; atuklant ikbi

repaid; falamat alhtoba. falammint alh-
toba

repair, to; achchukmali, achukmalechi,
atiskia, atiskiachi, atiskiali, aiskiachi,
apoksia, apoksiachi, hochukmalechi, ho-
chukmali, iksiachi, ona

repaired; aiskachi, aiskia, apoksia

repairer; achukmalechi, achukmali, aiis-
kia, aviskiachi, aiskiachi, apoksiachi, ho-
chukmalechi, hochukmali

reparable; aiskia hinla, aiskiacha hinla

repass, to; atuklant lopuli

repast, impa

repay, to; atobbi, falammint atobbi

repayment, /alamat alhtoba

repeal, to; akshuchi, kashoffichi

repealed, aksho

repeat, to; anoli, atuklanchi, atuklant
achi, atuklant anoli, atuklant miha, al-
behkachi, albilli, albiteli, albitet anoli,
miha

repeat three times, to; atuchinanchi

repeated; aturkla, albita, albitkachi

repeatedly, himonnan

repel, to; falammichi

repent, to; akostininchi, kostininchi, nuk-
harklo

repentance, avilekostininchi

repentant; nana yoshoba isht nukhaklo,
nukhanklo

repeople, to; himmona aioklachi

repetition; atuklanchi, albita

repine, to; alhpesa

repiner; alhpesa, nana isht miha shali

replace, to; atobbichi, falammichi, falam-
mint boli

replace bones, to; foni falammint iti-
Sohki

replaced, foni falammint itifohka

replant, to; albitet hokchi

replanted, albitat holokchi

replenish, to; alotoli

replete, alota

reply; anumpa falama, anumpa falamoa

reply, to; afalamichi, anumpa falamo-
lichi, anumpa falammichi, yimmi

report; aianoyuwa, anoa, anumpa, anum-
pa chukushpa, kobak

report, to; anoli

report of a gun; huwmpah, toh

reported, anoa

reporter; anoli, nan anoli

repose, nusi

538

repose, to; anukcheto, foha, fohachi, nusi,
yimmr

reprehend, to; anumpuli

represent, to; ahobachi, ahoballi, anoli,
haiakachi

representative; anoli, anumpeshi |

repress, to; imaiya

reprieve, to; abanablichi

reprieved, abanapa

reprimand, to; anumpuli, miha

reproach; ahofahya, hofahya, isht . aho-
Jahya

reproach, a word of; okpiyanli, ushi,
yammak haloka ;

reproach, to; miha, onochi, posilhha, po-
silhhacha

reproachful, chakapa

reprobate, yoshoba

reproof, immiha

reprove, to; fappuli, miha

republic; okla moma, ulhti

repudiate, to; kanchi

repugnant, ichapa

repulse, to; /alammichi

repulsive; aokpach, kapassa

repurchase, /alammint chumpa

repurchase, to; falammint chumpa

repurchaser, /alammint chumpa

reputable; achukma, holitompa

reputation, holitopa

repute, holitopa

repute, to; anukfilli

request; anumpa asilhha, asilhha

request, to; asilhha, asilhhachi

required, aialhtokowa

requite, to; atobbi

rescue, to; alakofichi, ltakoffichi, okcha-
linchi

rescued, alakofi

re-search, to; hoyo fehna

reseize, to; atuklant hokli

resemblance; /holba, itihoba, itiholba, n
holba

resemblance of a man, hatak holba

resemble, to; aholba, holbachi

resemble, to cause it to; chohmichi,
ohmachi

resembled, holba

resembling; bitka, holba, ohma

resend, to; atuklant pila

resent, to; nukoa

resentful, nukoa banna

resentment, chu”kash imanukfila nukoa

reservation, i”shi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL, 46

reserve; tlatomba, i%shi

reserve, to; ilatomba, imshi

reserved; anumpa ilatomba, ilatomba

reserved person, na mtha iksho

reservoir, oka atalaia

reside, to; aianta, anta, a”sha, atta, itola

reside at, to; achuka, aiatta

reside near, to; bilitkatta

residence; aboha, aiatta, chuka, foka

resident; aiasha, anumpeshi, atta

residue, atampa

resign, to; akkachunoli, anukcheto, ibbak
Johki, ima, issa, kucha

resignation; ibbak fohki, issa, kucha

resin, litilli

resinous substance, na litilli

resist, to; afoa, ichapa, tobli

resistless, kallo

resolute; achillita, amosholi, chilita, ka-
massa, nakni, nukwia iksho

resolute, made; achillita

resolution; achunanchi, anumpa alhpisa,
chilita, imanukfila achafa

resolve, imanukfila achafa

resolve, to; anuk/filli, apesa, bila, bileli

resolved; alhpesa, bila

resort, aiitanaha

resort, to; ia, ona

resort for swine, shukha aiasha

resound, to; hobachi

resource; aianukcheto, tali holisso

resow, to; atuklant fimmi

respect, aiokpanchi

respect, to; ahnichi, aiahninchi, aiok-
pachi, aninchi, holitobli

respectable; achukma, alhpiesa

respected, holitopa

respected man, hatak holitopa

respiration, /fiopa

respire, to; fiopa, foha, kucha fiopa

respite; abanapa, foha

respite, to; abanablichi

respited, abanapa

respond, to; anumpuli italhpesa, atobbi,
alhpesa, falammichit mtha

responding, alhpesa

responsible; atobba hinla, isht ahalaia

rest; afoha, aionitola, foha, illi, inla, nusi

rest (remainder), atapa

rest, to; anta, ataiya, foha, hokofa, illi,
issa, itola, nusi, onochi, yokopa

rest, to give; fohachi

rest against, to; ataiyali :

rest against, to make; ataiyachi

BYINGTON ]

rest another, to; fohachi

rest at, on, in, or there, to; afoha

rest at, on, in, or there, to give; afo-
hachi

rest in, to; hika

rest on, to; ontalaia

rest upon, to; bilepa

resting place, ayataia

restitution, falammichi

restive, isht afekommi

restless; komota, nowa shati, nusi

restoration, lakoffi

restore, to; falama, falamichi, falammi-
chi, falammint ima, takoffichi, masalichi

restored, fako/ffi

restorer; falammichi, lakoffichi, na tako-
ficht

restrain, to; halalli, mshi, olabbi, takchi

restraint; halanli, isht ataklama

restrict, to; apesa

resume, to; atuklant isht ia, falammint
ishi

resurrection, ilit okosh falamat tani

resuscitate, to; okchatyachi

resuscitated; /falamat okchanya, okchanya

retail, to; kashkolit kampila, takaffit kam-
pila

retailer; kashkolit kampila, takaffit kam-
pila

retain, to; halalli, inshi

retake, to; atuklant ishi, falammichit
ishi, falammint ishi

retaliate, to; atobbi, falammichi, okha

retaliation, ilaiukha

retard, to; oktabli, salahachi

retch, to; hoeta banna, hoetat pisa

retire, to; anta, binili, kucha, naksika
binili, tisheli

retired; anta, luma

retirement; binili, kucha

retort, anumpa chu®kushnati

retort, to; falammichit anumpult, falam-
michit pila

retreat; atukko, binili, lwma

retreat, to; kucha

retreat, to cause to; falammichi

retrench, to; iskatanichi

retribute, to; atobbi, falammichi

retrograde, falamat ia

retrograde, to; falamat ia

return; afalama, afalamaka, falama, fa-
lamaka, falamat arya, falammichi, falan-
michit pila

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

539

return, to; afalama, anoli, atobbi, fala-
ma, falamichi, falamoa, falamat ala, fala-
mat ia falamat ona, falammichi

return (as morning light), to; onnat
oktilinchi, onnat oktinli

return, to cause to; /falamolichi

return along, to; falamat arya

return from, to; attat falama

returned; /alama, falamoa

returner; falamat a”ya, fulamolichi, fa-
lammichi

returns; falamoa, falamoaka

reveal, to; anoli, haiakachi, oktanichi,
otani

revealed; anoa, haiaka, oktani

revel, to; ilaualli

revelation; aba anumpa, Chihowa aba-
numpa

reveler, tlaualli

revenge, to; atobbi, itialbi abi, okha

revenged, alhtoba

revenger; atobbi, ilaiukha, itialbi abi

reverberate, to; hobachi

revere, to; aiokpachi, holitobli

revered, holitopa

reverence, aiokpanchi

reverence, to; aiokpachi, holitobli, holi-
topa

reverend, holitopa

reverie; imanuk/fila chito, tasembo

reverse; ichapa, intannap

reverse, to; atobbichi, lipeli

reversed, lipia

revert, to; falama, falammicht

reverted, /alama

review, to; albitet pisa

revile, to; chakapa, mihachi, yopula

reviler; chakapa, mihachi

reviling, chakapa

revise, to; atuklant aiskiachi, atuklant
pisa

revised, atuklant aiskia

revival, falamat okchanya

revive, to; falamat okcha, falamat ok-
chanya, okcharyachi

revived, falamat okchanya

revoke, to; atuklant apesa

revolt, to; anumpa kobaffi, imaiya, issa

revolution; /folotat ala, nana imkaniohmi
chito

revolve, to; falama

reward; aialbi, aialhtoba, alhtoba

reward, to; atobbi

540

rewardable; atobba hinla, alhtoba hinla

rewarded, alhtoba

rewarder, atobbi

rewritten, albitat holisso

rheum; ibilhkan, itukholaya, ituklipaya

rheumatic pains; nahishi, shwmanta

rheumatism; /foni hotupa, shumantabi

rib; isht ukfoata, nakst

rib bone; naksi foni, okhoata font

rib pole, iti ana

ribbed, yafimpa

ribbed (as a roof), albaska

ribbing, iti albasa

ribbon; fataha, sita fataha, sita lapushki

ribs of a house, chukalbaska

ribs of a roof, abasa

rice, onush lakchi

rich; awaya achukma, holitopa, nan inlaua

rich man; hatak holitompa, hatak holi-
topa, hatak nan inlaua

riches; holitopa, ilaryak, nan inlaua

richly; ati, fehna

richness; awaya achukma, laua

rick of hay, hashuk itanaha

rid, to; amo, chafichi

riddle; isht okchita, okchila, shakla

riddle, to; yuha, yuli

riddled, yuha

ride, ombinili

ride, to; binili, ontaloha, talaia, tala

ride double, to; aitisholi

ride on, to; ontalaia

ride on the waves, to; paiokachi

ride ostentatiously, to; hattawichi

ride treble, to; aiitishali

rider; isuba omanili, ombinili, ontalaia,
ontaloha

ridge; bahcha, banaiya, banaiyachi, okwakli,
onchaba

ridge, straight; bahcha pissa

ridge, to; bahcha ikbi, banaiyachechi

ridge, to make a; yikoli

ridge top, bahcha tabokaka

ridges, to have; tashiha

ridicule, olalli

ridicule, to; isht yopulat isht anumpuli,
olalla

ridiculous, olallahe alhpisa

rifle, tanamp patali

rifle, to; patatichi, wehpuli

rifled, wehpoa

rifleman, tanamp patali sholi

rifler, wehpuli

rift, to; shimafa, shimaffi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

rig, isht shema

rig, to; shema, shemachi

rigger; shema, shemachi

rigging; isht shema, pinash

right; avisht ahalaia, a”ti, apissanli, apis-
sanlit, alhpesa, immi

right, the; isht impaka

right, to; alhpesachi

right, toward the; isht impak imma

right against, ichapaka

right hand, the; ibbak isht impak imma,
ibbak isht impaka, isht impak imma ibbak

right hand, to the; ibbak isht impak
imma

right here, ilappak

right side of, the; isht impak imma

righteous; achukma, aialhpiesa, hopok-
sia, hopoksia, hopoyuksa

righteous before him, nan imaianti

righteousness; ahopoyuksaka, aialhpie-
sa, chu”kash yohbi, hanta

rightful; ahalaia, aialhpesa

rightly; ati, alhpesa

rigid; kamassa, kallo

rigidity; kamassa, kallo

rigidly; kamassa, kallo

rigor; kamassa, palammi

rigorous; ilbasha, kapassa, palammi

rill; bok ushi, oktolbi, okmoffi, okshulbi

rill, to; yanalli

rim, afohoma

rim, to; afohommit, afoli

rim of a basket; alhtana/fo, kishi afohoma

rim of a hat, pashia

rim of a vial, pashia

rimmed, afohoma

rind, hakshup

ring; chanaha, ola

ring, to; abeti, chamakachi, kabakachi,
kabukachi, kamakachi, kasahachi, kassa,
kassaha, kobohachi, kobokachi, komaka-
chi, komokachi, komokachi, mishukachi,
ola, olachi, samahachi, samakachi, shiloa

ring, to cause to; samahachechi

ringer, olachi

ringing; chamakachi, kobohachi, ola

ringleader, pelichi

ringlet, yushbonoli

ringworm; halampa, hallampa

ringworm, to have a; hallampabi

rinse, to; ahchifa, chobolichi, itukwatichi,
itukwotolicht, pikalichi

riot, yahapa

riot, to; itakhapuli shati

BYINGTON |

rioter, hatak itakhapuli shati

riotous, itakhapuli shali

rip; mitefa, miteli

rip, to; mitelichi

rip off, to; shoekachi

ripe; alakna, aninchichi, hanta, hatachi,
imponna, lakna, nuna, waya

ripe, to become; aninchichi

ripe in years; kamassa, kamassalli

ripen, to; aiskiachi, alakna, alaknachi,
atali, alhtaha, hatachi, hatachi, nuna,
nunachi, tobachi, waya

ripen, to begin to; alaknat ia, halabushli

ripen, to cause to; nunachechi

ripened; alakna, alhtaha, laknabi

ripeness; alhtaha, hatachi, nuna

ripped; mitefa, miteli

ripple, wisattakachi

ripple, to; banakachi, chobohachi, piaka-
chi, wisakachi, wisalichi

ripple, to cause to; banakachechi

rippled, piakachi

rippling, wisakachi

rise; aiisht ia ammona, ateli, ibish, oiya

rise, to; afena, amokafi, anuktobulli, aba
ia, abana, ammona isht ia, atlat isht ia,
chitot ia, ishaht ia, kucha, offo, oiya,
okchito, okpicheli, okshakala, okshulba,
pishpiki, shofoti, tani, tisheli, toba, wa-
kaya

rise, to cause to; tanichi, wakayachi

rise again, to; falamat tani

rise from, to; atia

rise from a seat, to; wakaya, wakayoha

rise from the dead, to; falamat okcha-
ya, wlit akosh falamat tani

risen, kucha

riser, tani

risible, yukpa hinla

rising; oiya, tani

rite; aiyamohmi, okissa

rival; imaiya, itimpakna

rival, to; imaiya, pakna

rive, to; chulafa, chuli, shima, shimafa,
shimati, shimalichi, shimmi

rived, chutata

riven; bakapa, chula, chutafa, chutata,
shima, shimafa, shimati

river; bok, chuti, hacha, okhina

river (splitter); na shimmi, shimmi

river’s side, okhina takchaka

river water, okhina oka

rivet, tali pilefa

rivet, to; boat pilefa, bot apelifichi, bot
apiliffi

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

041

riveted, boat pilefa

rivulet; bok chulaffi, bok ushi

road; avitanowa, atia, hina

road, broad; hina patha

road, large; hina chito

road, old deserted; hinakshu

road, to make a; hina ikbi

road, unused; hinakshu

road maker, hina ikbi

roam, to; abaiyachi, fullokachi

roamer; abaiyachi, fullokachi

roan, bokboki

roar; bimihachi, fopa, kileha

roar, to; bimihachi, bimimpa, chobohachi,
chopa, fapa, fothka, fomohachi, fopa, ki-
leha, kofoha, kofohachi, oka pitafohopa,
parya, tobohachi, wimilichi

roar, to cause to; fopachi

roarer; kileha, pa”ya

roaring; bim, bimihachi, forhka, fomoha-
chi, fopa

roaring, to make a; bimihachechi

roaring of water, chobohachi

roaring of wind, kofohachi

roast, alhpusha

roast, to; apushli

roasted; alhpusha, nuna

roasted meat, nipi alhpusha

roasted potato, ahe alhpusha

roaster, apushli

roasting, a vessel used for; aialhpusha

roasting ear, nipasha

roasting ear, to become a; nipashi

rob, to; bakastuli, hunkupa, wehpuli, welt

robbed; holhta, wehpoa

robber; na wehpuli, wehpuli

robbery, wehpoa

robe, anchi

robe, to; anchi, anchichechi, anchichi

robe, turkey-feather; kasmo

robed, anchi

robin, bishkoko

robust; kallo, kilimpi, tamp.co

rock; tali, tali chito, tali hochito

rock, to; faiokachi, faiolicht

rock salt, hapi lakchi chito

rocked, faiokachi

rocker; aio”faiokachi, faiotichi

rockiness, tali chito foka

rocks, a ledge of; tali hochito kaha

rocky region; tali chito foka, tali hochito
Joka

rod; fuli, yakni isht alhpisa

rogue; haksichi, hatak haksi, na haksi, na

haksichi

042

roguery, haksi

roguish, haksi

roil, to; tobullichi

roiled; anuktiboha, tobulla

roily; boha, tobulli

roll; banaha, bonkachi, bonuha, bonunta,
buna, holisso, hulbona, iti kalaha, «ti
lumbo, lumbo, na buna, pulhkachi, puta

roll, to; atonoli, banatha, banakachi, bo-
nunta, chanalli, chanallichi, chanichi,
chanaha, chanahachi, channichi, faiokachi,
lumbochi, piakachi, yupi

roll, to make it; banathachi

roll away, to; tonullichi

roll high, to; poakachi

roll high, to cause to; poalichi

roll of bread, paska banaha

roll of butter, pishukchi banaha

roll of cloth, nan tanna bonunta

roll over, to; chanahachi, chanalli, cha-
naha, tonnoli, tonnolichi, tonulli, tonul-
Licht

roll round, to; afoli

roll up, to; abunni, atelichi, borkachi,
bonuha, bonulli, buna, bunni, puta, puli

roll up in, to; abonulli

rolled; chanaha, lumbo

rolled over; tonnoli, tonulli

rolled up; abonunta, abunkachi, bonkachi,
hulbona, bonna, bonuha, bonunta, buna

roller; iti chanaha, iti kalaha, iti tapa to-
noli

rolling; bambaki, banatha

Roman nose, to have a; okkohonlih

romance, shukha anumpa

romp, alla tek haksi

romp, to; ilaualli, tulli

roof; aboha isht holmo, aboha pakna, ati-
po, chuka isht holmo, holmo, isht holmo,
ontipa

roof, to; homo

roofed, holmo

room; aboha, aiatta, aionasha, ansha, alh-
toba

room, adjoining; aboha atampa

room, separate; aboha atampa

room, single; aboha achafa

room, spare; aboha atampa

roost, akavk anusi

roost, to; nusi

rooster, akatk nakni

root; akashtala, akishtala, akshish, hak-
shish, itakshish, itr akishtala

root, a certain; hichuk, hehio

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

root, to; akshish toba, awokokonlichi, ho-
fobichit hokchi, lubbi, wokkokli, woko-
konlichi, wokonlichi, woshoha, wosholichi

rooted; akshish toba, kallot hika

rooted up, teha

rooted up, place; awokokonlichi, wokon-
licht

roots turned up, lobafa

rope; aseta, ponokallo, ponokallopana

rope, long; aseta falaia

rope, plaited hide; aseta tanaffo

ropemaker; asetikbi, ponokallo ikbi

ropes of a vessel, pinash

ropiness; tikaha, walaha

ropy; likaha, tikansha, likashbi, tikoa, wa-
laha

ropy, to render; likahachi

rose, wild; kati ancho

roseate, humma

rosin, tiak nia kallo

ross bark; akchalhpi, hakchalhpi shila,
haktlopish, iti haktupish

rosy, oktisheli

rot; shua, toshbi

rot (a disease among sheep), chul:fi
isht abeka

rot, to; hatakwa, shua, shuachi, shuachichi,
shumba, toshbi, toshbichechi

rot, to begin to; toshbit isht ia

rot, to cause the bone to; /oni tosh-
bichi .

rot, to cause to; toshbichechi

rotation; alhtoboa, chanalli, italhtoboa

rotted, shua

rotten; ashua, shalatkpa, shua, shumba,
toshbi, toshboa

rotten bone, /foni toshbi

rotten things, nan toshbi

rottenness; shua, toshbi

rottenness, to cause; ashuwachi

rotund; chanaha, lumbo

rouge; humma, lukfi humma, na humma,
tishi humma

rouge, to; anchali, anchatichi

rough; bambaki, banakachi, bombaki, ha-
lupa, kallo, okpulo, pahshala, pompoki,
shikowa, tali foka

rough, to make; pompokachi

rough-edged, kachoa

roughness; halupa, pahshala

round; apakfoa, apakfopa, bokko, bolukta,
chashaiyi, chanaha, folota, kalaha, loboa,
lobuhbo, lumbo, tobboa, toboboa, tobon-
to, lobukta, okhoatkachi, toluski, tolusli

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY

round, to; boluktachi, chanaha, chanaha-
chi, lumbochi, tobboacht

round, to go; apakfoa, apakfobli, apakfo-
kachi, apakfopa, boluktali, fololi, folota,
folotoa

round, to make; lobuhbochi, toluskichi

round, to put; folotolichi

round, to take; boluktali, fololi

round, to trim; yushkobolichi

round and elevated, chishinto

round and large, tibikshi

round and pointed; ibakpishanli, ibak-
pishanshli

round and pointed, to make; ibakpi-
shanlichi, ibakpishashlichi

round lead, naki lwmbo

round potato, ahe lumbo

round thing, nan chanaha

roundabout; afolupa, folota, folumpa

roundabout, a; ilefoka kolofa, ilefoka ko-
loti, kolokshi, na foka kolukshi

rounded; bolukta, lumbo, yushkoboli

round-headed, yushkoboli

round-headed, to make; yushkobolichi

roundness; bolukta, chanaha, luwmbo

rounds; folota, fullokachi

rouse, to; chafichi, okcha, okchali, yimin-
tachi

roused, okcha

rout; hatak laua yahapa shat, 4 oe

rout, to; yilibli

route; aiaya, hina

rove, to; fullokachi, fullokachit anya

rover; fullokachi, hurkupa

row; atia, bachali, bachaya,
choti, baieta, bashkachi, hina,
marya

row, to; moeli, moni, mofi, okishko laua

row, to arrive in a; baiallit ala

row, to begin to; mo”fit isht ia

row, to come in a; baiallit minti

row, to make a; hina ikhi

row, to stand in a; baiallit hika

row, to stand or go in a; buaieta

row of blazed trees, iti tila bachaya

rowdy, hatak itakhapuli shati

rowed, mo”fa

rowel, chufak

rower, mo”ffi

rowlock, isht mo”fa atapachi

rows, laid or lying in; bashkachi, bavilli

rows, to lie in; bashkachi

rows, to make; bacholi

rows, to stand in; baiilli

bachoha, ba-
okishko

OF THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 543

royal; achukma, holitopa, miko ahalaia,
minko imma

rub, amishokachi

rub, to; amisholichi, biti, kasholichi, mi-
sholi, monfa, pasholi, pikotichi, shilli

rub, to make; misholichi

rub against, to; umishoffi, amishohachi,
anuishokachi, amishoa,
shokachi, monfkachi

rub against, to cause to; amishoffi

rub fine, to; botolichi

rub gently, to; ahammi, hammi

rub in the hands, to; koyoli, lint

rub off, to; mishofa, morffi

rub on or against, to; amishonfa

rub the hair off, to; boyatichi, boyaffi

rub to pieces, to; lishoa, lisholili

rub to pieces, to cause to; koyolichi

rubbed; amishonfa,
hama, kashokachi, mishoha,
misholr, mo®fkachi, pashoha

rubbed in pieces, koyoha

rubbed off; amishokachi, boyafa,
laha, mishofa, mishokachi, monfa

rubbed till sore, pikoli

rubbed to pieces, lishoa

rubber, holisso isht kasho {fi

rubber; amishotichi, isht mitofa,
sholichi, isht shwahchi

rubbing, mishokachi

rubbish; aboha toshbi, chiffoko, nan tosh-
bi, polhkash

rubstone; asholichi, isht shuahchi

ruby; hwmma, tali humma

rudder, peni isht fullolichi

ruddy, humma

rude; chilita,
yahapa

rude gitl, a; alla tek haksi

rudely; kostini, kostinit

rueful; ilbasha, nukhatklo

ruff, ikonla awalakachi

ruffian, hatak haksi atapa

ruffle; awalakachi, tkonla awalakachi, yir-

amishotichi, ka-

amishoha, amishofa,

mishokachi,

boyati,

isht mi-

halupa, imponna, kostini,

yiki
ruffle, to; awalakachechi, banaiyachechi,
banakachi, nukoachi, potomoli, yiryike-

chi, yiryiki
ruffie of a shirt, ilefoka awalakachi
ruffled;.awalakachi, banakachi, nukoa,
yiryiki
ruffled shirt, ilefoka walaha
rug, shukbo
rugged; banshkiksho, halupa, itilaut iksho

544

ruin; aiissa, kinafa, okpulo, okpuloka

ruin, to; hushmi, ilbasha, ibashali, ok-
pani, tiabli, toshbi

ruin, to cause; okpanichi

ruined; aiokpuloka, chu”kash okpulo, i-
basha, kalakshi, okpulo, tiapa, toshbi

ruiner, okpani

ruinous, okpulo

rule; anumpa alhpisa, anumpa kallo, isht
alhpisa, nan isht apesa, nana isht apesa,
petichi

rule, to; apesa, apesachi, ilaueli, ilauet
anya, tanfi, lati, minko, petichi

rule at, to; apelichi

ruled, la”fa

ruler (commander); hatak chitokuka,
hatak hochitoka, hatak peticht, hatak peti-
chika, ilauet anya, ishtokaka, na petichi,
nam petichi, nan apesa, petichekia, petichi

ruler (for making lines); holisso isht
tanfa, isht tarfa

ruler of a house, chukachafa peticheka

rum, oka homi

rum bud, oka homi bikobli

rumble, to; chulhah, kabahqachi, kofoka-
chi, winthachi

rumbling; kitlihachi, kofokachi, winthachi,
woshushuk

rumbling in the bowels, to make a;
woshushukacht

ruminate, to; anuk/filli, hopa”sa

rummage, to; tiabli, tiablit pisa

rumor; anoa, anumpa arya

rumor, to; anoli

rumored, anoa

rump; hapullo, hatip

rump, to be without a; tokumpa

rumple, poloma

rumple, to; yimyikechi

rumpled, yiryiki

run; hakmo, maleli, yanalla

run, to; akmochi, anukjilli, arya, balalli,
baleli, bileli, chanalli, chafa, chafichi, ia,
imaiya, topulli, maleli, titaya, titayachi,
tileli, yanalli, yitepa, yitepoa, yitibli

run (as a mill), to; /otoha

run (as an old sore), to; okchushba

run, to cause the nose to; ibakiatin-
lichi

run, to make; malelichi, yanallichi, yite-
pachi, yitepoachi, yitibli

run a piece of wood into one’s flesh,
to; okfanya

run a road, to; hina apesa

run after, to; achafa, iahinsht ia

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL, 46

run against, to; apokofa

run along, to; yananta

run around, to cause to; chanichi

run at the nose, to; ibaklatinli, ibaklo-
lola

run away, to; malelit kania

run between, to; yululli

run crosswise, to; okhoutakachi

run down, to; acha/fa, tasalli

run from each other, to; yilepa

run high, to; poakachi

run in debt, to; ahekachi

run in large waves, to; oka poukachi

run in waves, to; oka piakachi

run on, to; amoshuli

run out, to; bichilli, okchushba, pichefa,
pichilli, shinilla

run out, to cause to; shinillichi

run over, to; abanabli, watanta

run through, to; anuktiha, topotichi,
yululli, yulullichr

run through a noose, to; anuklinfa

run under, to; yululli

run up, to; oiya

run upon, to; amokafa, yitepa

runaway; hatak baleli, hatak chafa, male-
lit kana

rundle; atuya, kalaha

rung, ola

runner; anumpa isht arya, anumpa shali,
baleli, chafa, iti shalalli, maleli, maleli-
chi, na maleli, titaya

runnet, bakna

running; yananta, yanalli

running, to stop; yanallit issa

running at the nose, ibakiatinli

runt, imoma

ruption, mitafa

rupture; iskuna kucha, kobafa, kobaffi

rupture, to; iskuna kuchi, kitiffi, kobaff,
mitafa, mitali, mitatichi, mitaffi

ruptured; iskuna kucha, kobafa, mitufa

rush, amoshuli

rush, to; amoshult, yilepa

russet, lakna

Russia, Lashe

Russian Empire, Lashe yakni

rust; lakna, na lakna, yalhki

rust, to; alakna, alaknabi,
lakna, laknabi, okchamali

rusted; alakna, lakna

rustle, to; chashahachi, chashakachi, cha-
shlichi, katahachi, kotahachi, shachaha,
shachahachi

rustling; chashak, chashakachi, katahechi.

alaknachi,

BYINGTON ]

rustling, to cause a; kulahachechi, wa-
shahachi

rusty; alakna, lakna asha, laknabi, lak-
noba '

rut, iti chanaha anowa

rut, to; tioli, yushkammi

ruthless, nukharklo iksho

rye; onush, onush chaha

Sabbath breaker, nituk hollo kobaffi

Sabbath day; nituk hollo, nitak hollo ni-
tak

Sabbathless, nitak hollo ikimiksho

sable, lusa

saccharine, champuli

sachem; hatak api humma imminko, minko

sack; albehpo, shukcha

sack a town, to; tamaha wehpulli

sackcloth; nam panshi tanna, patshi
tanna

sacked, tamaha wehpoa

sacrament, Chisas Kilaist inanisht alh-
pisa

sacred; haloka, holitopa

sacred, to keep; na hollochi

sacred bag, a priest’s; hopulbona, pu-
shahollo

sacred book, hclisso holitopa

sacred bread, paska holitopa

sacred man, /hatuk hullo

sacred music, aba anumpa taloa

sacred seat, aio"binili hanta

sacred thing; aholloka, hulloka, na ho-
litopa, na holloka

sacred writer, holisso holitopa holissochi

sacredly, holitopat

sacrifice; aba isht aiokpachi, isht aiokpa-
chi

sad; ilapissa, ilapissa, imanukfela, nuk-
hatklo, nukwiloha

sadden, to; imanukfelachi, nukharklochi

saddened, ilapissa

saddle; isuba umpatalhpo, wmpatalhpo

saddle, to; isuwba umpatalhpo patuli, wm-
patalr

saddle maker, isuba wmpatalhpo ikbi

saddle pad, tsubu umpatalhpo alata

saddle skirt, iswha umpatalhpo haksobish

saddlebow, ibish

saddler, isuba umpatalhpo ikbi

sadiron, ilefoka halushkichi

sadly, ilapissa

safe; imatekahe keyu, na kaniohmi keyu

safe, a; ataloha

84539°—Bull. 46—15 35

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

545

safe-conduct, holisso

safely, na kaniohmi keyu

safety; achukma, imalekahe keyu

saffron, lakna

saffron, to; laknachi

sag, to; bikota, bikulli, shebli, shepa

sagacious; achishi imponna, imponna,
kostini

sagamore; hatak api humma iminko,
mirko

sage; hopoksia, kostini

sage, a; hatak hopoyuksa

said, the; chash, chokamo, chokash

sail, na hata

sail, to; a”ya, ia, mahaiyat arya, yitibli

sail, to cause to; yilibli

sail against, to; asonali

sail slowly in curves, to; mahaiyakachi

sailer, peni chito

sailing; a’ya, mahaiyat arya

sailing in airy circles, mahaiyakachi

sailmaker, na hata ikbi

sailor; peni chito isht arya, peni isht arya,
pent isht atta

saint; hatak imanukfila holitopa, holitopa,
imholitopa

sainted, holitopa

sake, yammak atuk makon

sake of that, for the; yammak atuk
makon

salable, kancha hinla

salad, nan apa okchaki

salamander, hashtap yulola

salary, alhtoba

sale; ima, kanchi

salesman, nana itatoba

salient, tolupli

saline, hapi holba

saline, a; hapi atoba, hapi kali, kali hapi
oka, lukfapa

saliva; ttukchi, ituklipaya

saliva, thick; itukpitawa

saliva, to discharge; itukpilawa, lupaha

salivate, to; itukchi ikbi

salivation, itukchi ikbi

sallow, hata

sally; kucha, yiminta

sally forth, to; kucha

salt, hapi

salt, blown; hapi pushi

salt, coarse; hapi lakchi

salt, fine; hapi pushi

salt, to; hapi yammichi, yammichi

salt basin, hapi aialhto

546

salt bin, hapi aialhto

salt sea, hapi okhata

salt spring; hapi kali, kali hapi oka

salt water; hapi oka, oka hapi

salt with or in, to; aiyammichi

salt work; hapi aiikbi, hapi atoba

saltcellar, hapi aialhto

salted; aiyammi, hapi yammi, yammi

salted with, aiyammi

salter; hapi kanchi, hapi yammichi

saltpeter, hapi kapassa

salts; hapi holba, ikhitsh hapi holba

salubrious; abeka, aiabeka

salutary, achukma

salute, isht aiokpachi

salute, to; aiokpachi

saluter; aiokpanchi, aiokpacht

saluting, aiokpanchi

salvable, okchatya hinla

salvage, alhtoba

salvation; aiokchanya, aiokcharya alhpisa,
alakofi, takoffi, nan aiokchaya, okchalin-
ka, okchalinchi

salve; ikhitsh,
imikhinsh

salver; kafaiishko aiontala, kafaiontala

same, that; yammak inli

same, the; ak, amih achafa, chash, mih,
miya, yemmak inhi, yammak int

same as, yammak in

sameness, mih

samp, holhponi

sample, isht alhpisa

sampler, aioholissochit achunli

Samson’s post, atwya

sanable, fakoffa hinla

sanative, isht attacha hinla

sanctification, yohbichi

sanctified; holitopa, yohbi

sanctified mind, chunkash yohbi

sanctfier; holitoblichi, yohbichi

sanctify, to; churkash yohbichi, holito-
blichi, hullochi, yohbichi

sanction, to; aia’tichi, aiokpachi, apesa

sanctity; holitopa, yohbi

sanctuary; aholitopa, chuka aholitopa

sand; shinuk, shinuk foka, shinuk kaha

sand, to; shinuk ontal

sand bar, okshunak talali

sand barrens, shinuk foka

sand box, shinuk aialhto

sandbag, bahta shinuk aialhto

sandal, shulush

ikhinsh akmo, tachowa

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL, 46

sanded, shinuk onlaya

sandish, chukushmi

sandstone, tali shochukshoa

sandy; chukushmi, shinuk laua, shofoli

sandy land, shofoli

sane; achukma, kostini

sang-froid; chu”kash kallo, nan ikahno

sanguinary; humma, issish bano, issish
laua, okpulo

sanguine; issish laua, libesha, yimmi

sanity, kostini

sap; iti kuna paknaka, iti okchi, itichu”-
kash paknaka, okchi

sap, to; akishtala kullit kinaffi

sapience, hopoksa

sapling, iti pushi

sappy; himmita, okchilaua

sapsucker, biskinak

sarcasm, anumpa chu”kushnali

sarsaparilla, shinukyolulli

sash; aboha apisa aialbtha, isht askufachi

sassafras; iti kafi, kafi

Satan; nan isht ahollo okpulo, Setan, shi-
lombish okpulo

satchel; bahtushi, hachik, holisso aialhto,
shukcha

sate, to; yammichi

sated, yammi

satiate, to; yammichi

satiety, fihopa

satisfaction; alhtoba, fihopa, okha

satisfactory, fihobli

satisfied; fihopa, imalhtaha

satisfied, to make; /ihoblichi

satisfier; fihobli, fihoblichi

satisfy, to; atali, atobbi, fihobli, imatati,
nukshitilimma

satisfy the mind, to; jihoblichi

saturate, to; yammichi

saturated; aiyammi, yammi

Saturday, nitak hollo nakfish

Saturn, /ichik chito

saturnine, weki

satyr, korwi anunkasha

sauce, haiyu"kpulo ilhpak

saucepan; awatalli iskitini, haiyukpulo
awatallr

saucy, haksi

saunter, to; chuka pallit anya, intakobi

saunterer, chuka pulalit arya

sausage meat, nipi baha shila

savage; nukha*klo iksho, okpulo

savage, a; hatak nan ikithano

BYINGTON ]

savanna, oktak

save, to; alakofichi, atobbi, fiopachi, in-
hollo, ilatomba, takoffichi, okchalinchi,
shileli

save up seed corn, to; pehnachi

saved; aiokchanya, atakofi, alhpoa, takoffi,
okchanya, pehna, shila

saved alive, okcharya

saver; apoba, ilatomba, takoffichi, okcha-
linchi

saving, ilatomba

Savior; hatak moma okchalinchi, takof-
fichi, na takofichi, nan okchalinchi, ok-
chalinchi

savor; balama, kashaha

savor, to; ahnichi, holba, holbachi, ka-
shaha

saw; isht basha, iti isht basha

saw, crosscut; isht basha chito

saw, pit; ii isht basha chito

saw, sawmill; iti isht basha chito

saw, to; bashli

sawdust, iti botulli

saw-edged, kachoa

sawmill; abasha, iti abasha

sawn, basha

sawpit; abasha, iti abasha

saw-tooth border, having a;
kachi

sawyer; bashli, iti bashli, kitak

say, to; a, achi, anoli, anumpuli, maka,
miha, nanak, nantukachi, nanuka, na-
nukachi, yammak achi i

say that, to; maka, makachi

saying; achi, amiha, anumpa, na miha

scab; liahpo hakshup, tachowa hakshup

scabbard; bashpo chito, bashpo falaia in-
shukcha, shukcha

scabbard, to; bashpo falaia ishukcha
Sohki

scabbed;. fachowa chito, makali

scabbed off, fichonli

scabby, lachowa chito

scaffold, aba tala

scaffold, to; aba tala boli (to put on a
scaffold), aba tala ikbi (to make a scaf-
fold)

scaffolding, aba tala

seald; alua, holhpa

scald, to; hukmi, luachi, oka lashpa

scald head, nushkobo lachowa

sealded; holhpa, hollokmi, lua, oka lashpa

scalding hot, hukma hinla

scale; atuya, isht alhpisa, nan isht weki,
nan isht wekichi

kalas-

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

547

scale, fish; nani hakshup

scale, to; apesa, fachanli, fachanlichi, toli,
otya, wekichi

scale off, to; fakoha, fakoti, fakopa, fa-
kopli, falli, fichonli, fichonlichi, shui-
kacht

scale off, to cause to; /ichonlichi

scaled; hakshup a”sha, ltoha

scaled off; fakoha, fakowa, fala, fichonli

scales; haklopish, hakshup, isht wekichi

scales of a fish, hakshup fachowa

sealings, /akoha

scalp; hatak pa’shi, pashi turfa

scalp, to; pamshi tunfi

scalped, patshi tunfa

sealper, patshi lunfi

scaly; fachorwa, hakshup laua

scamper, to; maleli, yilepa

sean, to; hoyo, pisa fehna

scandal; anumpa okpulo, hofahya, ma-
kali, nukoa

seandal, to; isht yopula

scandalize, to; isht yopula, nukoachi

scandalized, nukoa

scandalous; hofahya, makali

secant; chito, ona

scant, to; olabbi

scantle, to; chutata, shima

scantling, iti basha

scanty; iskitini, laua, patha

sear; basosukachi, la®sa, mitsa, misisun-
kacha

sear, large; ya"/a

sear, to; lav/i

searce; chabiha, laua

scarce, to render; chabihachi

searcely; chohmi, naha

scarcity; chabiha, ona

scare, to; matalichi, matalii,
kashli, nukshobli, nukshoblichi

scare away, to; helichi, hikachi

scarecrow; fala atoni, isht nukshobli,
osapa atoni

seared; matali, malata, nuktakancha, nuk-
shopa

searf, anchi

searf, to; achakali

scarfskin, hakshup

scarification, laha

searified; la”/a, laha

searifier, lati

scarify, to; fanfi, tali, tatichi

scarlet; humma, humma tishepa, tishepa

scarred; basasu”kachi, mitsa, misisunka-

chi

nukta-

548

scathe, to; okpani

scatter, to; fima, jfimibli, fimiblichi,
fimimpa, fimmi, fimmichi, fimpkachi,
habofachi, tali, leli, tamoli, tiapa, trabli,
tisheli, yuti

scatter swellings, to; habolichi

scattered; fima, jimimpa, tanya,
tiapa, tiapakachi, yuta

scattered about, to be; talli

seatterer; jfimibli, tali, leli, nafimmi,
fimmi, fimmachi

scattering, achafoa

scavenger, hina bashpult

scene; aiilaualli, aiitaualli chito, aiyo-
pisa, awashoha

scenery, apisa

scent; ahchishi, balama, na balama, na
shua, nana hurwa

scent, to; achishi, ahchishi, balamachi,
hu™wa

scepter, miko intabi

scepticism, aba anumpa yimmi

schedule, holisso

schedule, to; holisso atakalichi

scheme, to; anuk/filli, apesa, alhpisa

schemer, nan apesa

schism; aii”/alammi, itatiapa

scholar; avithana, holisso ikhana, holisso
imponna, holisso ithana, holisso pisa,
nan tkhana, nana avithana

scholarship, holisso ikhana

school; aiikhana, avikhananchi, aiithana,
holisso authana, holisso apisa, nana atik-
hana

school, to; anumpuli, holisso ithananchi

school day, nitak holisso pisa

schoolboy, alla holisso pisa

schoolhouse; aiithana chuka, holisso
authana chuka, holisso apisa, holisso
apisa chuka

schooling; holisso ithananchi, holisso pisa
alhtoba

schoolmaid, alla tek holisso pisa

schoolmaster, holisso pisachi

schoolmate, holisso ibapisa

science, ikhana

scientific; ikhana, imponna

scimitar; bashpo falaia, na halupa

scintillate, to; chalhchakachi, tohchali

scion, offo

scirrhus, kachombi

scissors; isht kachaya, isht kachayushi,
isht kalashushi

scoff, to; isht yopula

lia,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

scoffer, isht yopula

scold; i”hiyachi, ohoyo nukoa

scold, to; i”hiyachi, mihachi, nukoa

scolded, i”hiya

scolder; i”hiyachi, nukoa

sconce; imanukfila chito, pala afoka

scoop; isht piha, nan isht piha, oka isht
taka

scoop, to; kofussachi, peli, takli

scooped; kofussa, piha, taka

scooper; peli, takli

scope, chito

scorch, to; anakshonfa, anakshua, luacki

scorched; anaksho”fa, anakshua, itowulh-
ko, lua

score; aheka, lakofa, pokoli

score, to; aheka takalichi, baklichi, chant
lakot bakli, lakoffi, lakoti, tanfi, shukli

scored; lakofa, lakowa, lavfa, shukli

scorer (meaning one who splits
wood), abaklicht

scores, lako”wa

scoria, yalhki

scorn, shittilema

scorn, to; shittilema

scorn, to cause to; shittilemachi

scorner, shittilema

scornful, shittilema

scornful, to render; shittilemachi

scorpion, halambia

scotch, to; tikelichi

scotched; atapa, tikeli

scoundrel, hatak haksi

scour, to; ikfia, ikfiachi, kasholichi, weh-
put fullota

scour cloth, to; kashoffichi

scoured, kashokachi

scourer, kasholichi

scourge, isht fama

scourge, to; fahammi, fammi, tukaha

scourged, fama

scourger; fammi, tukaha

scourging, dukaha

scout, tikba pisa

scout, to; shittilema, tikba pisa

scow, pent patassa

scow, to; peni patassa fohkit isht arya

scowl, okwichinli

scowl, to; okwichinli, okyauinl, okyau-
inlt pitsa

scrabble, to; shaffi

seraggy, lanlaki

scramble, to; balalli, tushpa

scrambler, balalli

eA Bs

BYINGTON]

scranch, to; shakinlichi

scrap, tushafa

scrape, to; apeli, monfi, pirfi, shanfi,
shatichi, shaffi, shalakli

scrape, to cause to; shaffichi

scraped; pi”fa, sha”fa, shaha, shafa

scraper; akkashalachi, isht sheffi

seratch; kalafa, kali

scratch, to; kalaffi, kalli, pushka, shaffi,
shulaffi, shuli, yaslicht

scratch with the nails, to; pushka

scratched; kalafa, kala, shafa

seratcher; kalaji, pushka

scratches, the; fachowa

scratches, to have the; kichali

scrawl, holisso okpulo

serawl, to; himak fokalit holissochi, ho-
lissochi

scrawler, himak fokalit holissochi

scream; chalavka, chilank

scream, to; chala”ka, chilatkachi, pa”ya,
tahpala, tasaha, tasali, wa"hachi, yahapa,
yarya

screamer; hushi, tasaha, yahapa

screaming; éasaha, yahapa

screech, to; ola, pa’ya, yaiya

sereen; atukkuchi, isht hoshintikacht

screen, to; atukkochechi, hoshontikachi

screw, tsht ashana

screw, to; ateblichi, ilbashachi, shanni

screw, wooden; 72 shana

screw of a gun at the breech, tanamp
sokbish isht ashana

screwed; atepa, ilbasha, shana

scribble, to; holissochi

scribe; anumpa alhpisa isht atta, hatak
holissochi, holissocht, na holissochi, nan
imholissochi

serimp, hatak nan iholitopa

scrimp, to; iskitinichi, yushtololichr

serip; bahta, bahtushi, shukcha

scriptural, holisso holitopa takali

Scripture; aba anumpa, holisso, holisso
holitopa

serivener, holissochi

scrofula, chilanli

scroll, holisso pula

serub, hatak makali

serub, to; kasholichi

sceruple, nukwia

seruple, to; nukwia, yimmi

scrupulous; ahah ahni, alhpesa

scrutinize, to; achukmalit pisa

seud, hoshontoba

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

seud, to; maleli

scuffle, itishi

scuffle, to; a/foa, ateli, haieli, itishi

scuffler; aleli, haieli, itishi

seull, to; moeli, mon ffi

scullion, hatonfalaha

*sculpture, to; litit hobachit ikbi

scum; almochi, pokpoki

scum, to; pinfi

scummed, piha

scurrility, anwmpa makali

scurrilous, makali

scythe; isht almo, onush isht basha

scytheman, onush bashli

sea; banakachi, okhata, okhata chito

sea, concerning the; okhata imma

sea, great; okhata chito

sea bank, okhata ont alaka

seaboard okhata ont alaka

seacoast; okhata chito lapalika, okhata la-
palika, okhata ont alaka

sea fight, pent chito aiitibi

seashore, okhata ont alaka

seaside, okhata chito lapalika

sea water, okhata oka

seal (mark); inchwtwa, isht
isht inchunli, isht inchurnwa

seal, to; akamassali, akallochi, inchunli

sealed; akamassa, akallo, inchunwa, ka-
Massa

sealing wax; holisso isht akamassa, ho-
lisso isht akallo, holisso isht ashana, isht
akamassa

seam; aiachuwa, aialhchunwa

seaman, okhata arya

seamed, achu”wa

seamster, nan achunli

seamstress; achunli, nan achunli, ohoyo
nan achunlt

sear, to; kallochi

search, hoyo

search, to; afanalechi,
hoyo, thakoli, pisa

searcher, hoyo

seared; kallo, shila

seasick, okhata aiabeka

akamassa,

ahoyo, hikikia,

seasickness, okhata aiabela

season; aiona, aialhpesa, nitak

season, to; homechi, kallochi, kashahachi,
shila, shilela

season, vernal; toffahpi

seasonable, nitarki

seasoned; kashaha, shila

seasoned wood, iti shila

550

seat; abinili, aiasha, aionbinili, aioma-
nili, aionasha, apatalhpo, binoli, chuka,
chukachafa abinili, hapullo, iti warya,
ombinilt

seat, to; abinolichi, binilichi, binotichi,
hilecht

seat mate, ibabinili

seat of learning, avikhana

seat with, to; ibabinilicht

seated; binili, binoli, chiya

seated round; abilepa, binoht aiasha

seated with, ibabinili

secede, to; issa

seclude, to; kuchichi

secluded, kucha

second; atukla, hitukla, hotukla, iakaiya

second, a; apela, yakosi ititakla

second, to; apela, iakaiya

second, to make the; itatuklo

second time; anonti, atuklant, hituklaha

second time, to do it a; hituklanchi

secondly, atukla

secrecy, /umanka

secret; alumatka, haiaka, luma, lumasi,
na luma, nan luma

secret, in; /wmatka

secret place; alumatka, alumpoa

secretary; anump imeshi, anumpeshi,
hatak holissochi, holissocht

secretary, king’s; miko imanumpeshi

secrete, to; aluhmi, luhmi, lumpuli

secreted; luma, lumboa

secretly; Juma, lumasi, lumasit, lumat

sect, iksa

sect, Christian; aba anumpuli tksa

secular, yakni ahalaia

securely, achukmat

security, ahinna

sedate, nuktala

sedateness, nuktala

sedentary, binili

sediment, lakchi

sedition; anukfohkachechi, okla anumpa
kobaffi

seduce, to; isht akanohmechi, nukpalli-
checht

seduced, haksi

seducer, haksichi

sedulous, achunanchi

see, yaki

see, to; ahah ahni, ahni, akostininchi,
holhponayo, hopotkoyo, hopumpoyo, ho-
punayo, ikhana, nowa, pisa

see, to cause to; holhponayochi, pisachi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[puLn. 46

see all, to; mominchi

see and, to; pisat

see into, to; afanalechi

seed; atia, haiyunkpulo nihi, na nihi, nan
mihi, niht, ushi isht atiaka

seed, to; nihi chitofa, nihi fimmi, nihi
toba

seed cane, oskonush

seed corn, pehna

seed potatoes, ahe pehna

seed wheat, onush pehna

seeded, ponola nihi

seedtime; nihi aholokchi aiona, nitak

seedy, nihi laua

seek, to; ahni, banna, hoyo, pisa, ponaklo

seeker; hoyo, na hoyo

seem, to; ahoba

seem, to cause to; ahoba

seem so, to; achini, chint

seemer, tlahobbi

seeming, holba

seemingly; achini, chini

seemly, alhpesa

seer; hopaii, na pitsa, nan ikhana, pisa

seesaw, to; fahakachi

seethe, to; honi, faboshli, watalli, watal-
lichi

seethed; honni, labocha, watalli

seine; nan isht okwia, nani isht hokli

seize, to; asinta, hokli, ishi, yichiffi

seize, to cause to; yichiffichi

seize and hold, to; yichiffil ishi

seize the heart, to; chu®kash ishi

seize the mind, to; imanuk/ila ishi

seize there or at, to; aiishi

seized, yichowa

seizer; hokli, ishi, na hokli

seizure, hokli

seldom, fehna keyu

select, aiyoba

select, to; achafoachi, achafolechi, acha-
foli, atokoa, atokolechi, atokulit isha

selected; aiyoba, alhtoka

self; ak, fehna, hak, ilap, ilap akinli, ile,
inlt

self-abased, z/basha

self-abuse, ilokpant

self-conceit, ilefehnachi

self-conceited, i/lapakpuna

self-confidence, ileyimmz

self-deceived, ilehaksi

selt-dedication, imissa

self-denial; tolabbi, olabbi

self-destroyer, okpant

BYINGTON ]

self-determination; ilap ahni, ilap
anukfilla

self-devoted, lap ahni ilekanchi

self-esteem; ahnichi, holitobli, ilahnin-
chi

self-evident, lumiksho

self-examination; anuk/fillit pisa, ila-
nukfillit pisa

self-homicide, ilebi

self-important, fehnachi

self-interest, nan isht ilaiyukpa

self-knowledge, tkhana

self-love, ileholitobli

self-murder; abi, ilebi

self-pleasing; ileyukpali, yukpala

self-praise, isht ilanumpuli

self-respect, holitobli

self-sufficient, i/efehnachi

self-torment, isitkopali

self-tormentor; ileissikkopali, isikkopali

self-will, tlap aiahni

self-willed; tlapakpuna, ilapuna

selfish; tlapakpuna, tlapakpunla, ilapuna,
ilapunla

selfish, to make; ilapakpuachi

selfishness, ilapunla

selfsame, mih

sell, to; ima, kanchi, takaffit kampila

sell, to cause to; kunchichi

sell a book, to; holisso kanchi

sell back, to; falammint wkanchi

sell off, to; tali

seller; kanchi, kinatichi, na kanchi

seller on credit, ahekachi

selvage, yikila

selvage, to make a; yikilachi

semblance, holba

semi, iklanna

semiannual, a/ammi tklanna

semiannually, afammi iklannakma

semicircle, chanaha iklanna

seminary, aiithana

seminate, to; fim, ikbi

sempiternal, atahahe iksho

senate, hatak hochitoka itanaha

senate house; aboha hanta, anuka han-
ta, chuka hanta

senator; hatak hochitoka, hatak nan apesa

send, to; apesa, atohno, atokoli, bohpuli,
boti, tachi, ima, kampila, pila, pit, tileli,
tohno

send after, to; iakaiyachi

send away, to; tishelichi

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

551

send back, to; falamichi

send for, to; i”hoa

send from, to; tileli

send in, to; kuchi

send off, to; chafichi

send on, to; onochi

send this way, to; awechi

send to, to; pit

sender; bohpuli, chafichi, isht awechi, nan
chufichi, pila

senior, sipokni ishali

sensation, a painful; simirkahanchi

sense; imanukjfila, isht akostininchi, kos-
tint

senseless, imanukfila iksho

sensible; imanuk/fila a%sha, kostini

sensible man, hatak kostini

sent; atokowa, alhtoka, boppoa

sentence; anumpa, anumpa_ achafa,
anumpa alhpisa, anumpa kallo onutula

sentence, to; anwmpa apesa, anumpa
kallo onuchi, anumpa onuchi

sentenced; anumpa onutula, anumpa
kallo onutula

sentiment; aiahni, imanukfila

sentinel; atoni, atoni hikia, atoni hioti

separate; ilabinka, ilaminka

separate, to; atabli, ataptua, ataptuli,
filamotechi, filammichi, hota, kashabli,
kashkoa, katapa, katabli, kashkoli, ki-
naffi, kotafa, tabli, taptua, taptuli, tiapa

separated; atapa, filama, filamolt, holhta,
kashapa, kashkoa, tapa, taptua

separately; ilabivka, ilap binka, itakash-
kulit

separation; itakashkoa, itakashkuli, it-
tapa, tapa, taptua

separator; filamotechi, itakashkuli

September, Siptimba

septennial, afammi untuklo

septennially, afammi untuklokma

sepulcher; ahollohpi, hatak aholopi, si-
palka

sepulcher, to; ahollopi boli, hohpi, hopi

sequel, iakaiya

seraph, aba hatal:

sere, shila

serene; masheli, shohmakali, yohbi

serene, to make; shohmakalichi

serene heart, chu”kash yohbi

sereneness, shohmakali

serenity; masheli, yohbi

serious; aba anumpa nukfoka, nuktanla

552

serious person, aba anumpa ahni

sermon; anumpa, aba anumpa anumpa,
aba isht anumpa, fulumi

sermonize, to; aba anumpa isht anum-
puli

sermonizer, aba anumpa isht anumpuli

serous matter, okchushba

serpent, sinti

serpent, a certain; sakli, sinti lusluki,
sinti shaui

serpent, a young; sintushi

serpent’s egg, sintushi

serpentine, /fullokachi

serrate, lakowa

serrated, lakowa

servant; anumpeshi, ishati nan
imatta, ilhtohno, nan alhtoka, tishu

servant, man; fishu

serve, to; anukcheto, atia, holitobli, holi-
toblit aiantichi, imantia, ipeta

service, intoksali

serviceable, achukma

servile, yuka chohmi

servitor, tishu

servitude, yuka a%sha

session, anumpulit arsha

set; alhtokoa, haioti, hika, kallo, talaia,
taloha, tala

set (of bones), foni falammint itifohka

set, a; tala achafa

set, to; ahokoffi, alata, apesa, binilichi,
fohki, hilechi, hokchi, ia, kahpuli, oka-
tula, okattula, onochi, takakanli, talali,
talol, tala

set apart, alhtoka

set apart, to; holitoblichi, hullochi

set back, to cause to; oka bikelichi

set bones, to; foni falammint itifohki

set deep, to; hofobichit hilechi

set down, to; talali, taloli

set down into water, to; okkachi

set forth, to; talali

set in, to; alachahachi, atachali

set in endwise, to; abili, achoshuli

set on; atalaia, ataloha, ontalaia

set on, to; atohnichi, talaia, talali, toh-
nochi, tonhochi

set on edge, to; kaiolichi

set on fire, to; hukmi, lwachi

set up; hieli, hikia, hiolr

set up, to; haiolichi, hielichi, hilechi, hio-
ticht

sets, one who; falali, taloli

isht

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 46

setter; binili, talali

setter up, hilechi

setting pole, isht tobli

settle, aiomanili falaia

settle, to; abenilichi, abinotichi, aiokla-
chi, aiskiachi, akamassa, apesa, atati,
auaya, binili, binilichi, binoti, binotichi,
hilechi, hotina, kamassa, oka tala, okatula

settle a liquid, to; oka talaia

settle at, to; abenili, abinili, aiokla

settle with, to; ibabinili

settle with, to cause to; ibabinilichi

settled; aiokla, alhpesa, binili, binoti,
oka tala

settled with, 2babinili

settlement; abinili,
auaya, chuka lukonli

settler; abenili, abinili, abinoti

seven, untuklo

seven nights, nitak untuklo

seven stais, the; fichik watalhpi

seven times, untukloha

sevenfold, in/uhmi

seventeen, auah huntuklo

seventh, isht untuklo

seventh time, isht wntukloha

seventieth, isht pokoli

seventy, pokoli

sever, to; hokolichi, kolotichi, koluffi, li-
tafa, litaffi, tilaffi, tabli, tapa, taptua,
taptulr

sever, to cause to; tablichi

sever from, to; /ilemolechi

several; ilaiyuka, kanohmi, kanomona,
katohmona, yakoma

severe; kallo, nukhammi, palammi

severe, to render; palammichi

severed; akolofa, hokoli, kolofa, koloti,
litafa, tapa, taptua

severely; kallot, palammichi

severity; hallo, palammi

sew, to; achunli

sew on a sleeve, to; shakba achunli

sewed; achuwa, alhchurwa

sewer (one who sews), achunli

sewing, achunli

sewn, alhchu”wa

sexennial; afammi hannali, afammi han-
nalikma

sexton; ahollopi kalli, hohpi

shabby; lititurkachi, tilalankachi

shackle, isht talakchi

shackle, to; takchi

abinoli, aiokla,

BYINGTON ]

shackled, talakchi

shade; ahoshontika, aioklilitka, hoshonti-
ka, isht hoshintikachi, hoshonti, shilom-
bish, shilup

shade, dark; polu”sak

shade, to; hoshontika, hoshontikachi, ka-
passachi

shade of inanimate objects, hoshontika

shade tree, iti alhpoa

shaded; hoshontika, oktili

shadow; Rrosiornke, hoshonti, oktili, ahi
lombish

shadow, to; kapassachi, oklilechi

shadowy; haiaka, oktili

shady; hoshontika, hoshontika laua

shaft; ahalalli, ulhpi, uski naki

shafted, ulhpi ansha

shag, hishi chito

shag lock, hishi chito

shagbark hickory; fala, kapun apt

shagbark hickory nut, kapun

shagged, hishi chito avsha

shaggy, hishi chito

shake; palokachi, wannichi, winnakachi,
winnattakacht

shake, to; chobolichi, fahatichi, faiokachi,
faioli, faiolichi, faiotlakachi, fattahachi,
fotokachi, haiuchi, ilhkolichi, nukwime-
hachi, paiolichi, poalichi, tahtuli, walotr,
winnakachi, winnali, winnalichi, win-
nattakacht

shake, to cause to; haiuchichi, winna-
Licht

shake hands, to; aiokpachi

shake loosely, to; fatokachi

shake off, to; liwelichi, tahtuli

shake the purpose, to; chu”kash inlachi

shake with the ague, to; wannichi

shaken; boli, fahati, faiokachi, tahtua,
winnakachi, winnali, winnattakachi

shaky, palata

shall; a, a”, achin, achik, ahe, ahinla,
ashke, chin, chuk, hachir, he, het, hi,
hinla, hokma, lashke

shall hereafter, himma

shall not; ahe keyu, aheto, awa, he keyu,
heto

shall toward, himma

shallow; hofobi, okshauoha, pachansi

shallow, a; ahofobi

shallow-brained, imanukfila iksho

shallowness; hofobi, imanukjfila iksho

sham, holabi

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

5538

sham, to; yimmachi

shaman, alikchi

shambles, nipi aiittatoba

shame; ahofahya, hofahya, isht hofahya

shame, to; hofayali, hofahyachi

shamed man, hatak hofahya

shameful, hofahya

shamefully; hofahyat, hofayatit

shameless, hofah iksho

shameless man, hatak hofahyu iksho

shamer; hofahyachi, hofayati

shank, iyinchampko

shape; holba, pisa

shape, to; akkoli, apoksiachi, hobacht, ikbe

shape of a man, hatak holba

shaped, alhkoha

shapeless, pisa ikachukmo

share, kashapa

share, to; kashapa ishi,
kashkola

share with, to; ibatankla ishi

shared, kashkoa

sharer, ibatankla ishi

shark, nani chito

shark, to; hurkupa

sharp; chilita, halupa,
nukhammi, palammi

sharp, to; haksichi

sharp eye, nishkin halupa

sharp-sighted; isht hopurkoyo imachuk-
ma, nishkin halupa

sharp sound; haksobish cha™sa, samampa

sharpen, to; achukali, haluppachi, halup-
palli, ibakchufanlichi, ibakchufanshlichi,
sholichi, tatichi, titichi

sharpened; halupa, halupoa, shoha, shu-
ahehi

sharpener, nan isht tali

sharpens, one who; sholichi

sharper; haksichi, hatak haksicha

sharply; halupa, palammi

sharpness; halupa, homi, palammi

sharpshooter, hu"ssa imponna

shatter, to; fimibli, litoa, shima, shimm,
tasembochi

shattered; litoa, shima, tasembo

shatters, liioa

shave, to; ilbashachi, shan/fi, tushatichi

shave, to cause to; shanfichechi

shave and lap over, to; sha”/fil itiaiopt-
tammichi

shaved, shanfa

shaved, having the head; 4 yushkabali

kashablit isha,

halupoa, homa,

554

shaved board, iti sha”/fa

shaver; alla nakni, hatak himmita, ita-
toba kallo, sharfi

shaving; asha”fi, shafa, shafi, iti asharfa
botulli, tushati

shawl; anchi, iachuka, inuchi, nantapaski
anchi, nantapaski chito, umpatali

shawl, turkey-feather; kasmo

she; ilappa, in, yamma, yammak ashosh

she-bear, ick

sheaf; aschta, sita, sitoha

sheaf, to; siteli, sitoli

sheaf of wheat, onush sita

shear, to; amo, bashli, chukfi hishi amo

sheared; almo, basha

shearer; amo, bashli, chukfi hisht amo,
kachelr

shears; isht kachaya, isht kalasha, kalasha

shears, large; isht kachaya chito

sheath; bashpo chito, shukcha

sheathe, to; alatalr

shed; aboha apishia, hoshontika

shed, to; katabli, latabli, monfa

shed forth, to; fohobli

shed hair, to; boyafa, boyati, lwehachi,
tikafa, tokofi

shed light upon, to; wmpala

shed tears, to; nishkin okchi

shedding of the hair; boyafa, boyali

sheep; chukfalhpoba, chukfi

sheepfold; chukfalhpowa vhollihta, chukfi
aasha

sheepish; chukfoba, hofahya, takshi

sheepskin, chukfi hakshup

sheer, ali

sheet, topa umpatalhpo

sheet of paper, holisso puta

sheeting, nan tanna tohbi

shekel, shekel

shelf; atalaia, atala, aba tala

shelf, a book; holisso ahikia, holisso aia-
sha, holisso akaha, holisso atalaia, holisso
ataloha

shelf, milk; pishukchi ataloha

shell, hakshup

shell of a nut, /foni

shell, oyster; sha”ha toba

shell, to; chilukka, fakopa, hakshup aku-
chichi, hanchi, hanlichi, luffi, uti, toha

shelled; chilukka, fakopa, hanla, hanya,
lufa, luha, toha, nihi

shelled corn, ta”sh chilluka

shelter, aiatokko

shelter, to; atukko, atukkochechi, atuk-
kucha

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

sheltered, ohulmo

shelves; ataloha, atalohmaya

shepherd; apesachi, chukfalhpowa apisti-
keli, chukfi apesachi, chukfi apistikeli

sheriff; hatak takchi, na hollo takchi

shield; telihpa, tilikpi

shield, to; atukkuchi, takoffichi

shielded, lakoffi

shift; haksi, kanalli,
lumbo

shift, to; ilaiyuka, inlachi, kanali, kanchi

shift a garment, to; atobbit foka

shift about, to; /itiha

shifter, kanallichi

shin; champko, chibarko, chumarko, iyin-

ohoyo ina foka

champko

shin bone; iyapi champko, tyinchampko
font

shine, to; chalhchakachi, halalu”kachi,

malancha, malantkachi, malmakachi, ok-
tanelicht, pala, shohmalali, shohpakali,
shumpalali, tohwikeli, tombi

shine, to cause to; chalhchakachechi, ma-
lanchachi, shumpalalichi, tombichechi,
tombicht

shine dimly, to; chukpalali, tohkasakli,
tohmasaklh, tohmasali

shine dimly, to cause to; tohmasaklichi

shine feebly, to; tohmasali

shine feebly, to cause to; tohmasalichi

shine on, to; wmpala

shine quick, to; tohmali

shine with a feeble light, to; tohmali

shingle; aboha isht holmo, chuka isht hol-
mo, isht holmo, itt shima

shingle, to; homo

shingled, holmo

shining; chalhchakachi, halasbi, timishko,
malancha, malatha, malmakachi, okta-
neli, shohmalali, tohwikelr

shining appearance, to make a; okta-
nelichi

shiny; shohmalali, tohwikeli

ship; pen, peni chito, peni hochito

ship, to; pent chito fohki, peni chito fohkit
pila

ship, to take; peni foka

shipbuilder, neni chito ikbi

ship captain, peni chito kapetani

shipload, peni alota

shipmaster; peni chito isht anya, pent
chito kapetant

shipped, peni chito foka

shipping, peni chito

shipwreck, peni chito koa

BYINGTON ]

shipwreck, to; peni chito koli

shipwrecked, peni chito okpulo

shipwright, peni chito ikbi

shirt; fohka, ilefoka lumbo, na fohka, na
Joka lumbo

shirt, hunting; na foka patafa

shirt, to; na foka lumbo foka, na foka
lumbo fokachi

shirted, na foka lumbo foka

shirting, nan tanna tohbi

shitepoke, okataktak

shiver, chutafa

shiver, to; chuta, chulali, wolobli, wuta,
wuti, wutobli, wutopa

shivered; chula, wula, wulopa

shivering; chuli, hochukwoba, wannichi,
wutobli

shoal; hofobi, itahoba, itanaha, laua, ok-
chapasst, okchawaha

shoal, to; itahoba, itanaha

shock; itavisso, winnattakachi

shock, to; nuklakashli, winnattakachechi

shock, to cause to; winnattakachechi

shock of English grain, onush sila
itanaha

shock of wheat, onush sita itanaha

shock wheat, to; onush sita itannali

shocked; nuktakancha, yuala

shod, tali lapali

shoe; shulush, shulush kallo

shoe, English; shulush kamassa, shulush
kallo

shoe, to; isuba iyi tali lapalichi, shulush
imatali, tali lapalichi

shoe blacking, shulush isht lusachi

shoe buckle, shulush isht akamassa

shoe latchet, shulush isht talakchi

shoe string, shulush isht talakchi

shoe with a hard sole, shulush kamassa

shoémaker, shulush ikbi

shoes, a pair of; shulush itichapa

shoes, furnished with; shulush imalh-
taha

shoes, light; shulush shohala

shoes, to furnish with; shulush imatali

shoot; bamppoa, offo, tukafa

shoot, to; arya, bikobli, hu®ssa, nali,
offo, tokali, tukafa

shoot forth, to; bisali

shoot of a plant, the; bikobli

shoot with a blowgun, to; bamppulli

shoot with a witch ball, to; isht albi
nati

shooter, hu”ssa

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

555

shooter with a blowgun, bamppulli

shooting; hu”ssa, tukali

shooting star; /fichik heli, fichik hika

shop; aiitatoba, atoksali

shop, blacksmith’s; falaboli

shop, slop; na foka atitatoba

shop, to; atitatobanowa, chumpa, itatoba

shopkeeper, na kanchi

shore; alaka, oka aialaka, oka alaka, oka
ali, oka ont alaka, ont, ontalaka, tikeli

shore, to; tikelichi

shored, tikeli

shorn; almo, basha, yushmilali

short; falaia, kolhkoki, kolokshi, laua, mo-
tohki, ona, pali, tilofa, tilofasi, tiloha,
toluski, tolusli, yushkololi, yushmitoli,
yushtolola

short, to make; kolokshichi, toluskichi,
yushkololicht

short and round, lobukta

short and round, to render;
tachi

short and thick, lotuski

short and thick, to make; lotushichi

short breath; fiopa kobafa, fiopat taha

short hair, to have; okmilali

short speech, tilofa

short talk, ‘ilo/a

short time, in a; chekusikma

short-breathed; jfiopa ikfalaio, fiopa
kobafa, fiopa taha

shorten, to; hokolichi,
yushtololichi

shortened; yushkololi, yushtololi

shortener, yushkololichi

short-faced; ibaklipinli, ibaktokonli

shortish, tilo/asi

short-lived, nitak tkitfalaio

shortly; ashalivka, chekusi

shorts, haklopish

short-sighted, nishkin ikhalupo

short-winded; /iopa koba/fa, ilhfiopak

shot (noun), nakunshi

shot (participle); hu®ssa, nala, ontukafa,
tukafa

shot bag, alohchi

shot from a blowgun, bamppoa

shot pouch, atohchi

shot with a witch ball, isht albi nata

shote; shukha himmita, shukhushi

should; hinlatuk, hotuk

should be, chintok

should have; ahetok, ahetuk, he

should have been; chintok, chinink, he

lobuk-

yushkololicht,

556

should have to be; achintok, achintuk

shoulder; fulup, tahchi

shoulder, to; ilabannali, sholi

shoulder-blade; /ulup foni, okpata foni,
tahchi okpatha

shoulder of a bottle, timpi

shout; shakapa, tahpala, yahapa

shout, to; shakapa, shakabli, tahpala,
tasaha, tasali, yahapa

shout at, to; apahyachi

shouted at, apahyah

shouter; apahyachi, shakabli, tahpala,
tasaha, tasali, yahapa

shouting; tasaha, yahapa

shove, tobli

shove, to; tobli

shovel; isht piha, lukfi isht piha, nan isht
ptha

shovel, ash; hituk chubi isht piha

shovel, fire; hituk chubi isht piha, luak
isht shafa, luak isht shaffi

shovel, large fire; hituk chubi isht peli
falaia

shovel up, to; peli

shoveled up, piha

show, to; anoli, haiaka, haiakachi,
imabachi, oktanichi, pisachi, weli, yopt-
sachi

show bread; paska holitopa, paska otani

show by argument, to; ok/ali

shower; pisachi, wumba

shower, to; lali, wmba, wmbachi

showered, wmba

shown by argument, ok/aha

shred, chutata

shred, to; chulalli, chuli

shreds, to become; poshukta

shrew; ohoyo isht ahollo, ohoyo nukoa

shrewd, imponna

shrewdly, imponnat

shriek; tahpala, yaiya

shriek, to; cha”sa, parya, tahpala, yaiya

shrill; cha”sa, halupa

shrill, to; chansa

shrill noise, to make a; washahachi

shrine; it/ombi, na holitopa aialhto

shrink, to; bashechi, nukshopa, nukwia,
shileli, yikota, yikutkachi

shrink, to cause to; shullachi

shrinker, nukwia

shrivel, to; yikota, yikulli

shriveled, yikota

shroud, hatak illi isht afoli

shroud, to; hatak illi isht afoli, isht afoli

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

—.

[ BULL. 46

shrub, shauwa

shrubby, ba/falli

shrunk, shachaha, shila, shulla, yikutkachi

shucked, hanya

shudder, wannichi

shudder, to; nukshopa, wannichi

shuffle, to; aiywmmi, fullokachi, shalal-
lichi

shuffled, aiywma

shuffler, /ullokachi

shun, to; apakfopa, nukwaya

shunned, apakfopa

shut; jfohka, hokofa, luma, okhilishta,
okshillita, potoma

shut, to; afacha, akammi, fohki, hokoffi,
luhmi, okhishta, okhitta, okshilita, okshita,
potomt, ukhishta

shut in, apohtuka

shut in, to; apohtukachi, holihta fohki

shut the mouth, to; itakommuchi

shut up; aiokshilinta, akama, alhkama

shut up, to; akammi

shutter; isht okshilita, isht oktapa, isht
ukhatapa

shutter, window; apisa isht alhkama

shuttle; isht tana, nan isht tana

shy; honayo, nukshopa, nukwia

shy, to; nukshopa

shyness; honayo, nukshopa

sick; abeka, abi, chukyiweta, yanha

sick at the stomach; anukpoallt,
itukchabachi, itukchuba

sick in the feet, iyi isht abeka

sick man, hatak abeka

sick with, isht abeka

sick with the pleurisy, chunukabi

sicken, to; abeka, abekachi

sickish, hoetachi banna

sickle; isht almo, onush isht almo, onush
isht basha

sickliness, abeka shali

sickly; abeka, abeka chuhmi, abeka shati, .
abekoma

sickness; abeka, nan abeka

side; abaiya, alapalika, anaksi, anaksika,

apota, apotaka, chakpaka, chunuko,
ikfeksa, ikfichukbi, isht ukfoata, lapali,
lapalika, naksi, naksika, okhoataka,

patata, pasa, takla
side, being on the; lapali
side, one; tannap
side, situated at the; apanta
side, the opposite; tannap
side, the upper; pakna

BYINGTON ]

side, to; apela, ataiya

side, to be at the; apota, apotoa

side, to go to the; anaksika

side, to place on the; lapalichi

side, to put to one; anaksikachi

side, to stay on the; Japali

side, to turn the; anaksi

side by side, to lie or stand; apalli,
aputkachi

side hill, abaksacheka

side of (a swamp or creek), abaiyaka

side of, this; fakla

side of, to place by the; apotoli

side of a boat, alaka

side of a creek, bok intannap

side of a fence, holihta okhowataka

side of a hill; nanih chakpataka, nanih
chakpatalika, okkattahaka

side of a house; chuka itabana, chuka
naksika

side of a tree, iti chakpa

side saddle, isuba umpatalhpo falakto

sided, alata

sidepiece of a fireplace, asanali

sideways, okhoata

sidewise, to lie; apota

sieve, isht yuha

sieve, coarse; shakla

sift, to; yuli

sifted, yuha

sifter, isht yuha

sifter, to run through a; yuha

sigh, chitolit fiopa

sigh, to; chitolit fiopa,
nukharklo

sigher, chitolit fiopa

sight; apisaka, hoporkoyo, isht pisa,
nishkin, pisa

sight, to take; tanampo anumpisachi

sight of a gun; aianompisa, tanampo
anumpisa

sight of the eye, nishkin nihi

sightless, nishkin kania

sign; aiisht ahollo, isht aialhpisa, isht
atokowa, isht alhpisa, nan isht atokowa

sign, to; hochifo takalichi, holissochi

signal, chito

signature, hochifo takali

signed, hochifo takali

signer, hochifo holisso takalichi

signify, to; anoli, haklochi,

silence; chulosa, na mihiksho, samanta

silence, to; ahokoffi, alammichi, chulosachi,
hokoffi, hopotalli, nuktalali

chitot fiopa,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

557

silence, to keep; nukchinto

silenced, alama

silent; anumpa inlaua, anumpuli, kinint
iksho, nukchinto

silent, to become; chulosa

silent man, hatak luma

silent person, na mika iksho

silently, lumat

silk, silik

silken; lapushki, silik

sill, aboha intula

silly, imanuk/jila iksho

silver; tali fehna, tali hata, tali holisso

silver, to; tali hata akkoti

silver button, tali hata isht akamassa

silver gorget, tali hata chinakbi

silver hatband, éali hata bita

silver plated, tali hata alhkoha

silver spoon, fali hata isht impa

silvered, tali hata alhkoha

silversmith; tali hata ikbi, tali hatikbi

similar; chohmi, holba,

similarity, itiholba

simile, isht alhpisa

similitude, holba

simmer, to; walalli ammona

simper, to; yukpa

simple; achafa, anti,
imanukfila iksho

simpleton, imanukfila iksho

simplicity; a”li, apissanli

simplify, to; haiakachechi

simply; bano, beka, haiakat, peh

simulate, to; hobachi

simultaneous, mih

sin; aiashachi, aiashachika, aiyoshoba,
ashachi, na yoshoba, nan aiashacheka,
nan ashacheka, nan ashachi, yoshoba

sin, to; ashachi, yoshoba

sin about, to; aiashachi

sinapism, ashela

since; ho, itintakla

sincere, ali

sincere heart, chutkash anti

sincerely, a’ti

sincerity; a’ti, churkash anti

sinew; akshish, kallo

sinewed; akshish avsha, kallo

sinews; hakshish, inchashwa

sinews of the loins, chashwa

sinewy; akshish, kallo

sinful; achukma, ashachi, haksi, okpulo,
yoshoba

sinful man, hatak yoshoba

bano, haksulba,

558

sinfulness; okpulo, yoshoba

sing, to; hehi, katwa, ola, olachi, taloa,
talua

sing as locusts, to; washahachi

singe, to; anakshonfi, anaksholi

singed; anakshorfa, anakshua

singer; /hehi, taloa

singer (one who singes); anaksholi

singer, a skillful; taloa imponna

singers, a body of; taloa atiha

singing, good; taloa achukma

singing, to lead in; taloa isht ia

singing, to practice; taloat abachi

singing book, ataloa

singing master; taloa ikhanachi, taloa
imponna

single; achafa, a”li, auaya, ilap bano

single file, to move in a; _ baiallit anya

single file, to stand in a; baiallit hika

single haul, himonna achafa halalli

single man, hatak ohoyo ikimiksho

single out, to; achafolechi, achafolechi

single time, himonna

single word, ila

singled out, achafoa

singleness; acha/fa, avti

singly; ilap achafa, ilap bano

singular; ila, inla

sinister; afabekimma, okpulo

sink, to; akka ia, alhchunnachi, hafikbi,
oka kania, okatula, okbithha, oklobushli,
oklobushlichi

sink, to cause to; oka talali

sinless; ashachi, yoshobiksho

sinner; ashachi, hatak yoshoba,
ashachi, yoshoba

sinuate, to; fullokachi

sip, to; luwmat ishko

sir; chitokaka, imshati

sire; avki, inki

sirloin, nali nipi

sirocco, mali lashpa

sirup (of sugar), hapi champuli okchi

sister; antek, amanni, imanni, inakfish,
intek, itibapishi, nakfish

sisterhood, intek aliha

sister-in-law; amalak usi ohoyo, imhaiya,
imalakusi ohoyo, impusnakni, ipo

sit, to; aiasha, alata, a%sha, ashwa, binilt,
binnili, binoti, chiya, hikia, omanili

sit, to cause to; binnilechi

sit apart, to; naksika binili

sit around, to; binoht aiasha, hioht a%sha

sit at, to; abinilr

nan

BUREAU OF ‘AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 46

sit by, to; binoht maya

sit down, to; abenili, akkabinoli

sit here and there, to; bininili

sit in secret, to; lwmat chirya

sit on, to; abinili, omanili, ontalaia,
ontalali, talaia, tala

sit on the heels, to; pochuko

sit out, to; kucha a”sha

sit round, to; abinot marya, ataloht
maya, binoht maya

sit sideways, to; naksi

sit with, to; ibabinili, ibaiansha, tankla
ansha, tarkla binili, tarkla binoti

site, aiontalaia

site of a house, chuka aiitola

sitter; binili, binoli

sitting; abenili, alata, anumpulit arsha,
ansha, binili, bininlt

sitting round, binohmaya

situated; talaia, taloha

situation, talaia

six, hannali

six, to make; hannalicht

sixfold, inluhmi

sixteen, auah hannali

sixth, isht hanali

sixth time, isht hanaliha

sixtieth, isht pokoli

sixty, pokoli

size; chito, kawehto

size thread, to; chilakbichi

sizy; likaha, okchauabi

sizy, to render; likahachi

skein; pokuspoa, pokussa, ponola fabassa
achafa, shonuya

skein, to make a; pokussali, shonuyacht

skein of cotton; ponola itapana, ponola
itapana achafa

skeleton; alhpoa foni, hatak chunna, na
font

skeptic, yimmi

skeptical, yimmi

skiff; peni, penushi, penushi palhki

skill, imponna

skilled, imponna

skillet, oka alibisha

skillful, imponna

skillful magician, fappuli imponna

skillful person, imponna

skillful writer, hatak holissochi imponna

skim, to; mahaiyat atya, moeli, mol,
okpeli, palhkit arya

skimmed; moa, moha

skimmer; isht moeli, isht mofi, isht okpeha

BYINGTON]

skin, hakshup

skin, to; luff, lonffi, loti, monfa, wm-
poholmo, umpohomo

skinned; lofa, loha, mo”fa, umpatalhpo

skinner; fo”ffi, loli, na hakshup kanchi

skip, tolupli

skip, to; tolupli, tulli

skirmish, itibbi

skirmish, to; itibi

skirt; haksobish, hasimbish

skirt, to; fololichi

skirt of a saddle, sanahchi

skirted, folota

skittish, nukshopa

skulk, to; luhmi

skull, nushkobo foni

skunk, koni

sky, shutik

sky, fair; masheli

sky, the convex of the; shutik tabokaka

slab; ba"spoah, iti basha

slab, to; bakati, bakatichi

slabbed, bakati

slack; salaha, yohapa

slack, to; mokoffi, salaha, yohapa

slack, to cause to; yohablichi

slacken, to; yahapoli, yohabli, yohapa

slackened, yohapa

slackly; salahat, yohapat

slackness, yohapa

slag; tali iyalhki, talin yalhki

slaie, uski chuta

slake, to; jihobli

slam; diisso, isso

slander, anumpa okpulo onuchi

slander, to; achokushpalechi, achokush-
pali, anumpa chukushpali, anwmpa
okpulo onuchi, na mihachi, nan umachi,
nan umanchi

slandered; achokushpa, achokushpachi

slandered, to cause to be; achokushpa-
chechi .

slanderer; achokushpalechi achokushpali,
anumpa chukushpali, anumpa chukush-
pashali, na mihachi, nan umachi

slanderer, noted; na mihachi shali

slanderous; achokushpa, chukushpa, nan
umacht

slant; shanaia, waiya

slant, to; naksikachi, shanaiachi, waiyachi

slanting; pashaya, shanaia, tashaya,
warya

slap, pasalichi

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

559

slap, to; lasaha, lasalichi, pasaha, pasa-
licht

slapping, pasaha

slaps, one who; pasaha

slash, to; bashli, chanli

slat; ba"spoah, okhoatkachi, tikeli

slate; aholissochi, tali aholissochi

slate, to; holisso takalicht

slated, holisso takali

slattern, ohoyo litiha

slaughter, abi

slaughter, to; abi

slave, yuka

slave-born, yuka atta

slaver, itukchi

slaver, to; itukholaya

slavish, yuka ahalaia

slay, uski chuta

slay, to; akkakoli, abi, illicht

slayer; abi, nan abi

sleazy; hoyapa, okshachinli, okshalinchi,
okshichanli, tapuski

sled, iti shalalli

sled, to; iti shalalli isht arya

sledge, tali isht boa chito

sleek; halushki, timimpa, timishko

sleek, to; halushkichi, timimpachi, imish-
kuchi

sleeked, halushki

sleekness; halushki, limimpa

sleep, nust

sleep, to; nusi

sleep (as the limbs), to; shimoha

sleep, to cause; nusechi

sleep, wanting to; nusachaya

sleep at, in, on, there; to: anusi

sleep with, to; ibanusi

sleeper; iti bachoha, nusi

sleepily, nusolba

sleepy; nusachaya, nusi, nusilhha, nusolba

sleepy fellow, hatak nusilhha shati

sleet, bachalusha

sleet, to; bachalusha

sleet, to cause; bachalushachi

sleeve, shakba

sleeve, to; shakba achunli, shakbe fohki

sleigh, itt shalalli

sleigh bell, éali shiloha chito

sleight, haksi

slender; chauala, fabaspoa, fabasfoa,
fahko, fomosa, kota

slice; pasa, tuchali, tushafa

slice, to; basht tushaffi, pasli, tushtulr

560

sliced; tushati, tushtua

slicing-off place, atoshafa

slide, to; shalali, shalalli, shalallichi,
shohalalli

slide, to cause to; shalatichi, shohalal-
lichi

slight, /wmasi

slight, a; aiokpachi, pirsiksho

slightly, lapali

slim; chauala, fabasfoa, fabassa, fabassoa,
Jomosa

slime, wilaha

sliminess; fikancha, likanli, tikoa, wilaha

slimy; likaha, likancha; tikanli, tikashbi,
likoa, wilaha, wushwokt

slimy, to render; likanchachi, tikanlichi,
tikohichi, wilahacha

sling; hannaweli, isht bopuli, nan asht
fahammi, nan isht pila

sling, wooden; nan isht fakuli

sling, to; bohpuli, fahammi

slink, to; akkamololi =

slip; alhkuna falaia, chutata, fuli, shaka-
lalli, shalalli

slip, to; ashachi, amo, lakoffi, shakalalli,
shalakli, shalati, shalalli, shalallichi,
shohalallu

slip, to cause to; shakalallichi, shalalli-
chi, shohalallichi, shohhalaticht

slip down, to; shohhalati

slip in, to; lumat fohki

slip of paper, holisso lilafa

slip off, to; shwfa, takofa

slip once, to; shalakli

slip out, to; mokofa, mokoffi, shumfa,
shurfi

slip through a noose, to; anuklinfa

slipknot, anuktinfa

slipknot, to make a; anuklinffi

slipped off; takofa

slippers; shulush shohala, shulush tapuski

slippery; halasbi, tikanli

slippery, to make; halasbichi

slippery elm, balup

slipping through, anuktinfa

slips, one who; shakalalli, shalalli

slit; chuta, chutata

slit, a; chulafa, chutata

slit, to; chulalli, chuli

slitter, chuli

sliver; iti shibafa, iti shimafa, iti shimali

sliver, to; shimmi, wulobli

slobber, itukholaya

slobber, to; itukchuba, itukholaya

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 46

slobberer, itukchuba

slop, oka larya

slope, okkattahaka

slope, to; okkattahakachi

sloping, okshilama

slosh, oka lanya

sloshy, oka laua

sloth, intakobi

slothful, intakobi

slothfulness, intakobi

slough; lukchuk chito, sinti hakshup

slough, to; fakoli

sloven, hatak litiha okpulo

slow; achiba, ahchiba, alhchiba, salaha,
wekr

slow, to cause to be; achibachi

slowly, salahat

slowness, salaha

sluggard, hatak intakobi

sluice, oka ayanalli

slumber, nusi

slumber, to; nusi

slumberer, nus?

slung, bohpoa

slur, to; kalakshichi, lusachi, okpant

slush; lukchuk, labeta

slut; ofi tek, ohoyo litiha

sly; alatichi, imponna

slyly, /wma

small; chimpoa, chipinta, chipintasi,
chipota, chipunta, chukushpa, iskatani,
iskitini, iskitinist, patassa

small, to render; chipintachi, imomachi,
iskatanichi, iskitinicht

small, very; chipinta, iskatanusi, kitinisi

smallest, wishakchi

smallest amount, in the; kamomi

smallish; iskatinosi, iskitinisi, iskitint
chohma

smallness, iskitini

smallpox, chilakwa

smallpox, to have the; chilakwa abi

smart (able), 7mponna

smart (bitter), hom

smart (painful), hotwpa, shimoli

smart, made to; shimoli

smart, to; ilbasha, imaleka, shimoli

smart, to make the flesh; shimolichi

smart in the throat, to; nukshikanli

smash, to; litol

smear, to; apolusli

smear with grease, to; ahammi

smeared; alhpolosa, liteha

smell; balama, nana hu®wa

BYINGTON ]

smell, bad; kosoma

smell, to; achishi, hurwa, ibakchishinli,
ishwa

smell bad, to cause to; shuachi

smell disagreeably, to; shua

smell fishy, to; nakshobi

smell fishy, to cause to; nakshobichi

smell of, to; aiishwa

smell of whisky, shua

smell strong, to; kosoma

smell the track, to; ahchishi

smilax, kantak

smile, yukpa

smile, to; yukpa

smile, to cause to; yukpachi

smite, to; akkakolichi, abi, abichi, boli,
fahama, isso, nali, nukbepuli, pokafa,
pokaha, sokolichi, sokutha, tipelichi, um-
bitepa

smite at, there, or on; to: aiisso

smiter; isso, nan isso, pasalichi, pokafa

smith; tali isht atta, tali pilesa

smiting, soku”ha

smitten, akkakoha

smoke, shoboli

smoke, current of; shoboli

smoke, to; hoponti, shoboli, shobolichi

smoke a pipe, to; shurka

smoke of powder, hituk shibota

smoke on, to; shobotichi

smoke tobacco, to; hakchuma shutka

smoke up quickly, to; shubbukli

smoked, shoboli

smoker; shobotichi, shurka

smoking, shoboli

smoky, shoboli

smooth; halalua, halasbi, halushki, iti-
laui, timimpa, limishko, malancha, ma-
lassa, patassa

smooth, to; halushkichi, itilawichi

smooth-bore gun, tanamp fabassa

smoothed; halushki, itilaui

smoothness, limimpa

smother, to; shobolichi, wmpohomo

smut; liteha, lusa, yalhki

smut, to; lusachi

smutty; lusa, likokoa

snack; impa iskitini, kashapa

snag, itakshish

snag, to; ufkarya

snail, hatak yoshubli

snake, sinti

snake, a species of; hala, sinti pohkul

84339°—Bull. 46—15——36

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 561

snake, black; sinti lusa

snake, chicken; abaksha

snake, coachwhip; ipochi itimapa, sinti
koyufa tohbi

snake, copperhead; chilakwa, chalakwa

snake, garter; pachalhpali, sinti basoa

snake, green; pa”shafoli

snake, joint; oksuwp taptua, sinti kobali,
sinti kolokumpi

snake, king; sinti pohkul

snake, large horned; sinti lapitta

snake, striped; pachalhpali, sinti basoa

snake, water; nanapa

snake bite, sinti kopolt

snake skin, sinti hakshup

snakeroot, tiak shua

snap; basaha, basak, chatak, tasuwp

snap, to; basaha, basahkachi, basakachi,
basati, basisakachi, chalakachi, kobafa,
kobaffii, kopoli banna, litafa, litatichi,
litaffi, tukatola, tasupachi, tabli

snap, to cause to; basahachi

snap a whip, to; lwkalichi, tukatolachi

snap of a rope, litak

snap the fingers, to; tasuha

snapper, lukata wishakchi

snapping; basahkachi, basati, basasunka-
chi

snapping, to cause a; basalichi

snapping of a whip, dukatola

snappish; kopoli banna, nukoa

snare, isht albi

snare, to; isht albi isht hokli

snarl; itashiha, shochoha

snarl, to; ashekonoachi, kileha, shihachi,
shikanoacht

snarl up together, to; shtkanoachi

snarled; pokshia, shachila, shiha, shochoha

snarly, pokshia

snatch, to; haili, tachakat ishi

snath, onush isht basha api

sneak off, to; /wmat kania

sneer, shittilema

sneer, to; ahoba, shittilema

sneeze, habishko

sneeze, to; habishko, habishko, piturka

sneeze, to make; habishkuchi, pitunka-
chi

sneezing, pilunka

snicker, to; yukpa

sniff, to; dotwrka

snip, to; tabli

snivel, to; ibilhkan kucha, yaiya

562

sniveler, yaiya shati

snore, to; fabavka

snorer, laba"ka

snoring, dabarka

snort, to; loturka, pitunka, sharwa

snorter; fotu”ka, sha™wa

snorting; dotu”ka, shanwa

snout, ibishakni

snow, oktusha

snow, to; oktusha, oktushachi

snow, to cause to; oktushachi

snowbird; lafintini, toksakinla

snuff; hakchuma bota, habishkuchi

snuff, to; fiopa, humwa

snuffbox, hakchuma bota aialhto

snuffers, pala isht kicheli, pala isht kalasha

snug, bilitka

snug, to make; apota

so; achuhmi, aiohmi, chohmi, chumba,
moma, yakohmi, yammak iv, yohmi

so, to do; aiyakohmi, aiyakohmichi,
aiyohmi, yakohmi, yohmi

so, to make it; aiohmichi, yahmichi

so as, yamohmi

so it is, omikato

so it is well enough, omikato

so long as, ‘ititakla

so much as, ak

so on, yamohmi

so that, na

soak, to; okishko, okkachi

soaked; okachi, ulhkachi, walasha

soaker; okishko shali, okkachi

soap; isht ahchifa, isht alhchefa

soap, bar; isht ahchifa kallo

soap, castile; isht ahchifa balama

soap, hard; isht ahchifa kallo

soap, scented; isht ahchifa balama

soap, to; isht ahchifa ortali

soapstone, talhpa

soapsuds, isht ahchifa pokpoki

soar, to; hika, hikat arya

sober; kostini, nuktanla, nuktala

sober, to; kostininchi, nuktalali

sober, to become; nuktala

sobered; kostini, nuktala

sobriety; kostini, nuktanla

society, iksa

sock; iyubi huski kolofa, iyubi huski koloti

socket of the eye; nishkin ahika chiluk,
okshilonla

sodden; honni, labocha

sodomy; ayofanichih, yopullachi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

soft; anukyohbi, haiemo, kallo, lapushki,
lipeha, lipemo, lipisto, lipinka, lipinto,
lisisinkachi, tachopa, tatimo, tikanli,
lopushki, shukbah, walasha, walonchi,
waloha, walohbi, walwaki, yabosha,
yabushli, yattotunkachi, yatushki, ya-
tushkoa

soft and pliable, to become; yukahbi

soften, to; anukyohbi, anukyohbichi,
hokulbi, kostini, kostininchi, lapushki,
lapushkichi, tachopachi, topushkichi, nuk-
tala, okkachi, shuchapah, ulhkachi, wal-
wakichi, yaboshachi, yatushkichi, yatush-
kuli, yukahbi

soften with water, to; oka kaiyachi

softened; anukyohbi, kallo, kostini,
lapushki, topushki, yukabi

softened by water, oka kaiya

softly; loma, luma, lumasi

softness; lapushki, nuktala

soggy; lacha, ulhkachi

soil; lukfi, lusa, yakni

soil, to; lukchuk banuchi, lusachi

soiled; liteha, lusa

sojourn, to; anta

sojourner, a”ya

solace, hopola

solace, to; hopolalli, nuktalalt

solaced; hopola, nuktala -

solar, hashi ahalaia

sold, alhtoba

solder, isht akmo

solder, to; aiakmochi, aialbuchi, akmochi,
albochi, albokacht

solder with brass, t0; asonak lakna isht
akmichi

soldered; akmo, albo

soldered with brass, asonak lakna isht
akma

soldier, tashka chipota

soldier, Turkish; takish intashka chipota

soldier, veteran; tashka sepokni

soldiers’ quarters; tashka chipota in-
chuka

soldiery, tashka chipota

sole, achafa

sole, a; iyi

sole of the foot, iyi pata

solemn, holitopa

solemnize, to; holitoblichi

solemnize a marriage, to; itawayachi

solemnly, holitopat

solicit, to; asilhha

BYINGTON]

solicitor, asi/hha

solicitous, ahah ahni

solid; ati, kamassa, kallo

solidity; kamassa, kallo

solitary; ilap bieka, naksika, palata

solitary, to make; banochi

solitude, chukillissa

solve, to; haiakachi

solvent, aheka

sombre, oktili

some; chabiha, kanima, kanimi, Baiohmi,
kanohmi, kanomona, kato ie

some manner, in; akanimi, katiohmi

some other, inla

some sort, of; kaniohmi

some time, kanima

some way, in;
katiohma

some way, to do it in; katiohmichi

somebody; kanimi, kana kia

somehow; akanimi, kaniohmi kia, kani-
ohmiho

somehow, to cause to be; kaniohmichi

somehow, to do; kanimichi, kaniohmi

somerset; hachowanashi, hachowani

something; na fehna, nana, nana kia

sometime, aka

sometimes; kanimash inli, kaniohmikma

somewhat, chohmi

somewhere; kanima, kanima kia, kani

somnambulist, fasimbo

somnolent; nusi banna, nusilhha

son; alla nakni, chiso, iso, iso nakni, saso,
ushi

Son of God, Chihowa ushi

Son of Man; Hatak Ushi, yat

song; ataloa, atalwa, atalwachi, athtaloa,
alhtaloak, alhtalwak, ithtalowak, taloa

song, death; hoyopa taloa

song, sacred; aba taloa

song, to make a; taloa ikbi

songster, taloa

son-in-law, haloka, ippok, iyup

sonorous, chitot ola

sonship, ushi ahalaia

soon; cheki, chekusi, palhki

soon, to cause it to be; chekichi

soon, very; chekusi

soot, tulak

soot, to; tutak isht lusachi

sooted, tulak isht luak

soothe, to; hopolachi, nuktalali, nukta-
lalichi

soothed; hopola, nuktala

kaniohmi, katimichi,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

563

soother; nuktalali, nuktalalichi

soothsayer; hatak fappo, tikbanli anoli

sooty; tulak chito, tutak laua

sop, labbi

sop, to; labbi

soporific; nusechi, nusilhhachi

sorcerer, isht ahollo

sorcery, yushpakama

sorcery, to practice; yushpakamini

sordid; liteha, makali, okpulo

sore; hotupa, litoa, liwali, lwwali, tacho-
wa, palammi

sore, a; hotupa, liahpo, tachowa, talona

sore, arunning; okchushba

sore, to become; itakha litowa, lachowa

sore, to make; l/itoli, lacholi

sore eyes, halbabi

sore mouth, itakha litowa

sore throat, chakwa

sore throat, to have; chakwabi

soreness, lachowa

sorrel, hachukkashasa

sorrel (a weed), pichi

sorrel, a; isi nakni afammi tuchina

sorrow; nukharklo, okko

sorrow, cause of; isht nukhanklo, nan
isht anukharklo

sorrow, occasion of; anukharklo

sorrow, man of; nan nukharklo

sorrow, overmuch; nukhatklo atopa

sorrow, place of; anukha”klo

sorrow, to; nukha”klo

sorrowful, imanukfela, nukhanklo, nuk-
wiloha

sorry, nukharklo

sort, kaniohmi

sort, to; aiyoa

sort with, to; ibafoka

sot; hatak okishko,
okishko shali

sottish; imanuk/fila iksho, okishko

soul, shilombish

soulless, shilombish iksho

sound; achukma, anti, na kanimi keyu

sound, a; /opa, ola

sound, to; akkahoyo, kabakachi, kasachi,
kitikachi, kobakuchi, komakachi, komo-
kachi, komokachi, ola, olachi, taloc,
tamampa, tasupachi, timikachi

sound of a bell; chubuk, samak, samampa

sound of a sudden slide, shelak

sounded, ola

sounding; kobohachi, ola

soundly, achukma

imanukfila iksho,

564

soundness; achukma, aiokpuloka iksho

sounds, one who; olachi

sour; hawashko, homechi, homi, katama,
kaskaha

sour, to; hauashkochi, homechi, homi,
kaskaha, kaskahachi

sour water, oka hauashko

sour wood, iti kosoma

source; akshish, aminti, ataiyuli, ateli,
ibetap, ikbi

soured, hawashko

sourish; homechi, homi chohmi, homilhha

sourness; hauashko, kaskaha

souse, to; oklubbichi, oklobushlicht

soused, homt

south, oka mati

south, at or in the; oka mali pilla

southeast, oka mali hashi akuchaka
itintakla

southerly; oka mati imma, oka mati pila

southern, oka mati pila

southward; oka mati imma, oka mali pila

southwest, oka mati hashi aiokatula itin-
takla

sovereign, i”shali

sovereign, a; mi™ko

sow, shukha tek

sow, to; fimibli, fimmi, hokchi, na hokcht

sowed; fima, fimimpa, fimpkachi

sower; jfimibli, fimmi, hokchi, na hokchi,
nafimme

sown; ima, fimimpa, holokchi

space; aboha itintakla, aboha ititakla

spade; lukji isht kula, nan isht kula, yakni
isht kula

spade, to; yakni kulli

Spain; Ishpani, Ishpani yakni

spalt, palata

span; ibbak wmbitepa achafa, ichapa,
ichapoa, tuklo

span of horses, isuba itichapa

span, to; apesa, holba

spangled spots, siksiki

Spaniard; Ishpani hatak, Ishpani okla

spaniel, o/fi

Spanish, Ishpani

Spanish moss, iti shumo

spank, to; Jlasaha, Jlasalichi,
pasalichi

spanking, lasaha

spare; atampa, chunna, kofanto

spare, to; apoa, ihollo, ilatoba, ila-
tomba, nukharklo

pasaha,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

spare rib, naksi foni

spark; basaboa, basacha, chalhchaki, hatak
ilakshema shali, kitinisi, potoli, tohpo-
loti, tushanfasi

spark, to; pololi ,

sparkle, to; chalhchakachi, chalhchaki,
pololi, polota

sparkle, to make;
chitichi, potolichi

sparkling, chalhchaki

sparks, to make; basahachi

sparrow; chi%sa, chu”sa, hushi chipunta

sparse, /fimimpa

spasm; haiuchichi, haiyichichi, yalatha,
yalattakachi

spatter, to; fimmi

spatterdashes, iyubiha

spattered, fimimpa

spawn; ashela, nan ushi, olana atoba,
shukattushi

spawn, to; cheli

spay, to; shukha tek hobak ikbi

spayed, shukha tek hobak toba

speak, to; achi, anoli, anopoli, anumpuli,
nanuka

speak again, to; atuklant achi

speak for, to; apobachi

speakable, anumpa hinla

speaker; anumpa isht hika, anumpuli,
hatak anumponli

spear; api, isht baha, na halupa, tali
halupa ontala tabi

spear, to; na halupa isht bali

specie, ali holisso

specify, to; anoli, hochifo

specimen, isht alhpisa

specious, achukma ahoba

speck, shauiya

speck, to; lusachi

speckle, to; siksikichi, taktakichi

speckled; chikchiki, okshohonli, siksiki,
taktaki

speckled, to make; chikchikechi

spectacle, nam pisa

spectacled, nishkin alata a™sha

spectacles; alata, nishkin alata

spectator; hatak yopisa, na yopisa, nam
pisa, yopisa

spectre; shilombish, shilup

speculate, to; anuk/illi, itatoba

speculation; imanuk/ila, itatoba

speculator; anuk/filli, nam pisa, nan
ittatoba

chalhchakachechi,

BYINGTON]

speculum, apisa

speech; anumpa, anumpa isht hika,
anumpa koloti, anumpa tiloti

speech, a short; anumpa
anumpa kolunfa, anumpa tilofa

speech, the last; hekano

speech, to make a; anump ikbi, anwmpa
isht hika

speechless; anump iksho, anumpuli keyu

speechmaker; anump ikbi, anumpuli

speed, tushpa

speed, to; tu”shpa, tu%shpalechi

speedy; cheki, tushpa

spell; chu”kash ishi, hopaki

spell, to; holisso hochifot itimanumpult,
holisso itimanum puli

spencer: ilefoka kolofa, ilefoka koloti,
na foka kolukshi shakba a%sha

spend, to; isht yopomo, kanchi, kania, tali,
tikabichi, yukoma

spend the day, to; shohbichi

spendthrift, isht yuwpomo

spew, to; hoeta

sphere; apelichika, nan chanaha, nan
lumbo

spherical, lumbo

spicery, na balama

spices, na balama

spider, chulhkan

spider, long-legged; tupashali

spider’s nest, chulhkan inchuka

spider’s web; chuklampulli, chulhkan
inchuka, hachuklampuli

spigot; abicheli isht akamassa, oka abicha
isht alhkama

spike; chufak, chufak chito

spike, to; akammi, chufak chito isht
ahonaticht

spiked, chufak chito isht ahonata

spile; abicheli isht akamassa, oka abicha
isht alhkama

spill, to; akkafohobli, akkatati, akkata-
tapa, akkatatabli, akkataya, fohobli,
katoha, tatapa, tatabli

spilled; /ohopa, latapa

spiller, fatabli

spilt; akkafohopa, akkatatapa, akkataya,
tatapa, tarya

spilt water, oka lavya

spin, to; hachuklampulechi, shanni

spin on, to; ashanni

spin on, to cause to; ashannichi

spin out, to; falaiachi

ikaiako,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

565

spinal marrow, vali foni lupi

spindle; ashanatali fabassa, haksobish anli

spine, nali foni

spine of a hog; shachakba

spinner; ashannichi, hachuklampulechi,
na shanni, shanni

spinning wheel; ahonola, ashana, ponol
ashana

spinning wheel, small; ahonolushi

spiral, apakfopa

spire; ashana, api, hishi

spire, to; o/ffo

spirit; chukash, imanukfila

spirit (liquor), oka homi

spirit, a; na shilombish, nan isht ahollo,
shilombish, shilup

spirit, an evil; shilombish okpulo

spirit, an unclean; shilombish okpulo

Spirit, Holy; Shilombish holitopa

spirit, to; yimintachi

spirit of heaven, aba shilombish

spirited; chilita, yiminta

spiritless, yiminta keyu

spirits, ardent; na homi, oka, oka hoini

spirits, the; chu”kash

spiritual; imanukfila ahalaia, shilombish
ahalaia

spirituous, oka homi ahalaia

spit, itukchi

spit, to; tufa, tuftua

spite; hichali, nukkilli, nukoa

spite, to; nukkilli, nukoa

spiteful; hichali, nukkilli, nukoa

spitter, tufa

spitting, to keep; tuftua

spittle; itukchi, woshoki

splash; chibak, lali

splash, to; chibakachi, tali

splash on, to; /immi

spashed on, ali

spleen; iapa, nukoa, takashi

spleeny; nukhatklo, nukoa

splendid; chito, holitopa

splendor; chito, holitopa, shohmalali

splice, to; achakali, achakli

splice at or with, to;
avitachakli

spliced; achaka, alhchaka, alhchakoa

spliced at; achakaya, aiitachaka

splint, iti shimafa

splinter; chulafa, iti shibafa, iti shibati,
iti shimafa, iti shimati, shibafa, shibati,
shimafa

avitachakalli,

566

splinter, to; chulali, chulafi, shibafa,
shibati, shibatichi, shibaffi, shimafa,
shimatichi, shimnuffi

splintered; shibafa, shibati

splinters, one who; shibaffi

split; abakli, bakati, chilakto, chuta,
chutafa, chutata, patali, patata, pata,
shima, shimafa, shimati, wuta, wutopa

split, a; abakli, itamintafa, patafa

split, to; abakli, abaklichi, bakali, baka-
lichi, bakapa, bakli, chilaktochi, chuta,
chutata, iti bak, patali, patalichi, patata,
patalli, patali, pata, pati, shibafa,
shibati, shima, shimafa, shimati, shimma,
wolobli, wuta, wuli, wutobli, wutopa

split, to cause to; palalichi

split boards, iti patanta

split in two, bakastoa

split in two, to; bakastoa, bakastuli,
bakabli

split into fine pieces, to; shimatichi

split into shingles, to; shimmi

split off; bakafa, tushafa, tushati

split off, to; bakafa, chulafa, chutafi,
chutalli, shibbi, shimaffi, shimnuffi,
tushafa, tushali

split open; patafa, patati

split open, to; patafa, patatichi, pataffi

split wood; iti palanta, iti pata, iti shima

splitter; abaklichi, bakatichi, bakabli,
chutaffi, chutalli, chuti, patalichi, patalli,
patatichi, pataffi, pati, shibaffi, shimatichi

splitting, patanta

spoil; na yuka, wehpoa

spoil, to; okpani, okpulo, wehpuli

spoiled; okpulo, toshbi

spoiler, okpani

spoils, wehpoa

spoilt, okpulo

spoke, a; achushoa

spoken, anumpa

sponge, tashukpa holba

sponge, to; akania, haksichi

spongy, yabushli

spontaneous, ilap ahni yamohmi

spool; iti kalaha, uski tapa

spool, to; uski tapa afoli

spoon; isht abahchakli, isht impa

spoon, horn; alhpi, lapish isht impa

spoon, pewter; alhpi

spoon, shell; fulush isht impa

spoon, small; isht impushi

spoon, tea; isht impushi

spoon, wooden; alhpi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

spoonful, isht impa alota

sport; itlaualli, washoha

sport, to; ilaualli, washoha, yukpali

sportsman, na hu”ssa

spot; bakokoa, bakoku”kachi, basoa, chik-
chiki, misisutkachi, talaia, taloha, tali
lusa, tiktika

spot, black;
talaia

spot, red; talaia

spot, to; lusachi, taktakichi, tiktikechi

spotted; bakoa, bakokona, bakokunkachi,
bakokunkachi, chikchiki, chukchuki, misi-
sutkacht, siksiki, taktaki, tiktika

spotted, to make; bakoachi, chikchikechi

spouse; itauaya, itinchuka

spout; abicha, isht bicheli, oka abicha,
oka isht bichela

spout, to; bicha, pu%fa

spouter, pu”/fa

sprain, to; taloffi naha

sprained, talofa naha

sprawl, to; wakchalalit itonla

spread; ashatapa, ashatapoa, tapa, pata,
patkachi

spread, a; apatalhpo, patalhpo

spread, the wings; ashatapa

spread, to; apatalechi, ashatapoli, asha-
tabli, auata, auataya, auatachi, fimibli,
lapa, lapuchi, patali, palli, pata, pullr,
shukto, talali, wahhaloha

spread down, to; akkalipeli

spread evenly, to; patasalli

spread on, wmpata

spread on, to; wmpatali

spread out, to; patali, wakama, waka-
molt, wattachi, witalr

spread paper, holisso pata

spread the nose, to; ibakshulanli

spread with iron or stone; tali isht
patalhpo

spreader; /fimibli, patali

spreading; jimibli, tapa

sprig, fuli

sprightly, tushpa

spring; ahpi, aiisht ia, aminti, toffahpi

spring, a; apoloma, kali, tolupli

spring, deep; kali hofobi

spring, dug; kali kula

spring, to; bichokachi, bichota, bichota-
kachi, bichulli, fichama, fichamol, chafi-

- chi, tolupli, tulli

spring, wooden; iti poloma

spring and fly, to; jichamoa

lusa talaia, lusa taloha,

BYINGTON |

spring and throw, to; /ichammi

spring open, to; /ichama, fichammi

spring up, to; alikti, offo, okpicheli,
okpichelichi

spring water, kali oka

springe, isht albi

springing, o/ffo

springs, to have; polomoa

sprinkle, to; /fimmi, fimmichi, fimpkachi,
foechi, tali, tati, talinchi, okshikali,
okshikanshli, okshimmichi

sprinkled; /ima, fimimpa, fimpkachi

sprite; shilombish, shilup

sprout; abasali, aiunchululli, apatali,
apushi, bisali, bisanli, iti pushi, iti
unchuloli, offo, uncholullr

sprout, to; abasali, bisali, bisanlichi,
offo

sprout, to cause to; abasalichi, uncholo-
lichi

sprout at the root, to; wnchololi

sprouted, bisali

sprung; bichokachi, bichota

sprung open; fichama, fichamoa

spry; palhki, tushpa

spume, pokpoki

spume, to; pokpokechi

spun, shana

spunk; chilita, nukoa, tashukpa

spur; chufak iyalhfoa, inchahe

spur, to; bali, bili

spurious, ali

spurn, to; habli, kati, shittilema

spurt, to; pu®fachi, wishikachi, wishilli,
wishillicht

spurt, to cause to; wishillichi

spurting out, to make a noise in;
wishikacht

spurway; isuba aiomanili itanowa, isuba
imhina

sputter, to; jimiblichi, tishithachi, tu%sh-
pat anumpult

spy; apistikeli, ibatankla, na hopu®koyo,
pist arya

spy, to; na pisat arya, yakni pisat arya

spy glass, apisa isht hopo™koyo

squab; nia, pachushi

squabble, itishi

_squabble, to; itishi

squalid, liteha

squall; mali, yaiya

squall, to; yaiya

-squally, mati shati

squander, to; isht yopomo, yukoma

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

567

square; bolboki, bolkachi, bolukta, chanaha
folota achafa, isht alhpisa

square, to; apesa

square, to make a; boluktachi

square off, to; kololi

square with, to; itilaui

squared, bolukta

squares, to make; bolbokechi, bolkache-
chi

squash; isito, isito holba

squash, to; Jitoli

squat, to; bikuttokachi

squeak, kachakachi

squeak, to; ka”shkachi, kachakachi

squeak, to cause to; kachakachechi

squeaking, hka"shkachi

squeal, to; chika, yaiya

squealer, chitha

squeamish, yuala shali

squeeze, to; ateblichi, atelichi, bichubli,
bocholi, bochubli, katanlichi, pichiff,
titolt

squeeze out, to; bushli

squeeze up, to; bochunoli

squeezed; atelichi, bichupa, bochokachi,
bochopa, bochunoa, busha, kataya, titefa,
titiffi, titoa

squint, to; tohkilet pisa

squint-eyed, nishkin shanuiya

squirm, to; fononoli

squirrel, fani

squirrel, a large yellow; /falatkna

squirrel, a young; /fani ushi

squirrel, black; fani lusa

squirrel, flying; pal

squirrel, fox; fanakla

squirrel, gray; /ani okchako, fanitasho

squirrel, ground; chinisa

squirrel shot, naku™shi

squirt, to; pu”/fachechi

stab; baha, bali

stab, to; bahaffi, bali, tifelichi, lifitha

stab, to make; batichi

stabbed; baha, bahafa

stabber; bahaffi, bali, tifelichi, tifitha

stable; ali, isuba inchuka, kamassa,
kallo

stable, to; iswba inchuka fohki

stable-minded, imanukjila apissanli

stack, itanaha

stack, to; itannali

stacked, itanaha

staddle; apushi, itapushi

staff; api, isht tabeli, tabi

568

staff, king’s; mitko intabi

stag; isi lahpitta, isi nakni humma, lapish
kobafa, lapitta

stage; aiilaualli, itt chanaha palhki, iti
patalhpo

stagger, to; chukfoloha, chukfulli, faio-
kachi, faiurkli, nukwia, nukwiache

staggers, the; chukfoloha

stagnant; Jtalaia, yanalli

stagnate, to; talaia, yanallit issa

stain, liteha

stain, to; liteli

stained, liteha

stair, atuya

stake; apushi hika, itt hika, kati

stake, to; boli, kali

stake a fence, to; holihta itafenali

stake out, to; aiimpa foki

staked; afana, holihta itafena, kaha

staked fence, holihta itafena

stale; ahoba, kallo

stalk, api

stalk, to; /ehnachi, fihopa, ilefehnachit
nowa, nowa

stall; ailhpeta, isuba atimpa

stall, to; aiwmpa foki, isuba aiimpa foki,
lukchuk okakania

stallion, isuba nakni

stammer, to; anuktuklo,
anuktuklo

stamp, isht inchwwa

stamp, to; habli, hati, inchunli

stamped, inchu”wa

stanch, to; hokofa, hokoffi, issa, issachi

stanched; hoko/fa, issa

stand, a; ahika, aianumpuli, aiimpa
iskitini, hika, hikia

stand, to; akkahika, atetifa, hieli, hikia,
hioht a®sha, hioti, isso, topulli, takali,
talaia, taloha, tala

stand, to be able to; hikia toba

stand around, to; hikikina, hiohmanya,
hioht manya, talohmatya, talot maya

stand at, to; ahika

stand erect, to; akashchukali

stand in, to; achu"sha, achushoa, ahika,
atacha, atachaya, alhto, shamalli, shamoti

stand near each other, to; itakonofa

stand on, to; hika, ontalaia

stand on end, to; achushkanchi

stand out, to; kucha, okbiteli

stand over, to; wakaya

stand still, to; talaia

stand there, to; ahika

anumpuli

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BuLL. 46

stand thick, to; shabapa

stand tiptoe, to; shikekli, shikeli

stand up, to; haioli, lochussa, yuhchashali

stand up for, to; apepoa

standard, alhpisa, shapha

standers, haioli

standing; hikia, hinli

standing in, talaia

standing on, ataloha

standing over against, ichapaka

standing round, hiohmaya

staple, alhpesa

staple, a; aiafacha, tali chinakbi

star, fichik

star, blazing; fichik luak, fichik potoli

star, large; fichik chito

star in the forehead;
ibaktasanshli

starch, to; chilakbichi

starched, chilakbi

stare, pisa

stare, to; pisa

stare at, to;
okchitunlt

stark; bano, beka

starlight, fichik tohwikeli

starry; jfichik a’sha, fichik laua

stars, the ell; /fichik isi nata silhhi

stars, the yard; fichik baieta, fichik isi
nata silhhi

start; aiisht ia, fullottokachi, wakaya,
yikottakachi

start, to; anuklakancha, hehka, hiket 1a,
ia, iwhkolichi, minti, nuktakanchichi,
nukshichaiakachi, nukshoblicht, wakaya,
wakayachi, yitishachi, yitiya, yullichi

start, to cause to; wakayachi

start back, to; /falamakachi, falamakachi,
falamat minti

start from, to; aiati, avisht ia, attat ia

start of a horn, lapish filamminchi

start off!, hotepa

start off, to;
wakaya

start on!, tepa

start quick, to; nuklibekachi

start with, to; ia

starter; hehka, nukwia, wakaya

startle, to; hehka, hehkachi, nuktakan-
chichi, nukltakashli, nukshoblichi

startled, nukshopa

starvation, hopoa

starve, to; hochaffo, hochaffochi, hochaffo-
chit abi, hochaffot illi, hopoa

ibaktasanli,

okchitanli, okchitanshli,

ilhkoli, mia, mintichi,

la

BYINGTON |

starved, hochaffo

starved to death, hochaffot ili

state; aiahanta, yakni

state, a; aiulhti, ulhti, ulhti achafa

state, to; anoli, atokoli

state of, atuk

state prison, hatak yuka atoksali

stated, anoa

statehouse; aboha hanta, anu"ka hanta,
chuka hanta

stately, chaha

statement, anuwmpa

statesman, hatak nan ithana

station; ahika, ahikia

station, to; hilechi

stationary; kanallahe
keyu

stationer, holisso kanchi

statue; hatak holba, na holba

stature, chaha

statute, anumpa alhpisa

stave, iti shima

stave, to; koli

stay; anta, halanli, tikeli

stay, to; anta, anukcheto, ashwa, atta,
halalli, issachi

stay at, to; aianta

stay there, to; aiashwa

stay with, to; ahinna, anta, ibaianta

stayed; nuktala, yokopa

stays, tikeli

stead, alhtoba

stead of another, to be in the; alhtoba

steadfast; kamassa, kallo

steadiness; kamassa, kallo

steady, kallo

steady, to; halalli, irshi

steak, nipi okchaki tushali

steal, to; hu”kupa

steal the affections, to; chwkash ishi

stealer, hu™kupa

stealth, hu”kupa

steam; kifeta, kifilli, kofkokachi, kofota,
kofulli, shoboli, shobota

steam, to; hobechi, kifeta, kifetachi,
kifilli, kofkokachi, kofkoli, kofota, kofulli,
kofullicht

steam, to cause to; kifillichi

steamboat; peni luak, peni luak shali

steamed; kifeta, kofota

steamed potato, ahe holbi

steamer, peni luak

keyu, kobafahe

steaming, hobechi

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

569

steed, isuba

steel; tali kallo, tali kallo atoba

steel, to; tali kallo achukalli

steel spring, tali poloma

steel spring, small; tali poloma ushi

steel used in striking fire, tali luak

steeled, tali kallo achaka

steelyards; isht wekichi, nan isht weki,
nan isht wekichr

steep, chaha

steep, to; okkachi

steeped, wlhkachi

steeper, aiulhkachi

steepness, chaha

steer, wak hobak

steer, working; wak hobak tonksali

steering oar, penafana

stem; atakali, atakoli, isht takali, isht
takoli

stem, to; asanni, asonali

stem of a boat;
ibish

stemmed, hkatapa

stench; kosoma, kotoma, na shua, shua

stench, to cause; kotomachi

stentorian, chitoli

step; ahabli, habli, toba

step, to; habli, hal

step aside, to; kanali

stepbrother, iibapishi toba

stepchild, wshi toba

stepdame, ishki toba

stepdaughter, ushetik toba

stepfather, iki toba

stepmother; ishki toba, toba

stepping place, ahabli

stepping-stone, atuya

steps; atuya, hali

stepsister, intck toba

stepson; saso toba, ushi toba

sterile, waya

sterling; achukma, aiati

sterilize, to; ilbashachi, wayacht

stern; palammi, kallo

stern of a boat, ibish

sternum, ikkishi foni

stew, honni

stew, to; honi

steward, chukachafa nan isht atta

stewed, honni

stewed dry, ashippa

stick; iti tapa, iti taptua

stick, to; abili, albo, albochi, behafji, bati,
hilechi, takali

pent hasimbish, pent

570

stick in, to; okfa’ya, shamallichi, shamoli,
shamotichi

stick on, to; aialbo

stick to, to; alapali

stickle, to; apela

stickler; itachoa, itishi

sticky; aialbo, shinasbi, shinashbi

stiff; chilakbi, kamassa, kallo, talakchi

stiff leg, iyi kallo

stiff-necked, tlapunla

stiffen, to; akmo, chilakbi, chilakbichi,
ilapunla, kamassa, kamassalli, kallo,
kallocht

stiffened; chilakbi, kamassa

stiffening, isht kallochi

stiffly; kamassa, kallo

stiffness; chilakbi, ilapunla, kamassa,
kallo
stifle, to; <issachi, luhmi, mosholichi,

nukbikili, oktabli

stifled, mosholi

stigma, inchu wa

stigmatize, to; hofayali, inchunl

stiletto, bashpo isht itibi

still; chilosa, chulosa, moma, samanta

still, to; chulosachi, issachi, nuktalali,
oka home ikbt

still, to become; chulosa

still and without wind, alohbi

still water, oktimpi

stillborn, illicha atta

stilled; chulosa, nuktala

stillness; nuktala, yohbi

stilly, lwmasi

stimulant; ikhinsh okchalechi, okchalechi

stimulate, to; okchalechi, yimintachi

stimulated; okcha, yimmita

stimulus, nan isht okchalechi

sting; innaki, isht nati, isht pila, naki,
nalr

sting, to; honati, nali

stinginess, i”hollo

stinging, strong; shikanli

stinging worm, hatak holhpa

stingy; iholitopa, i”hollo, nan i*holi-
topa, nan ihollo

stink, to; bitema, nakshobi, shua

stinking, kotoma

stint; alhpisa, imaiatechi

stint, to; olabbi

stipend, alhtoba

stipulated, alhpesa

stipulation, alhpisa

stir; shinihachi, timihachi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

{euuu. 46 ;

stir, to; afulli, arya, ia, ilhkolechi, ilhkoli,
ilhkolichi, okchalechi, tasalli, tiabli,
tiwakachi, twalichi

stir, to make or cause to; a/ullichi

stir up, to; tiwalichi

stirred; affula, alhfula, tiapa, twakachi

stirrer; atya, tachi, ilhkolichi, tani,
tohnochi

stirrup; ahabli, talahabli

stirrup leather, talahabli isht talakchi

stirrup strap, talahabli isht talakchi

stitch, aialhchu”wa

stitch, to; achunli, yikiti, yikitichi

stitch, to cause to; yikilichi

stitched; alhchurwa, yikila

stitcher, yikili

stitching, achunli

stock; alhpoa, nan alhpoa

stock, a; api, inuchi, isht atia, isht atiaka,
nan ithana, tonnik

stock, to; boli, hopi, nan alhpoba imatati,
opt

stock in bank, tali holisso

stock lock, isht ashana

stockade, holihta kallo

stocked; holopi, ollupi

stocking, iywbi huski

stocky, chito

stole; akkapushli, anchi

stolen; hu”kupa, hulhkupa

stomach; bakna, chunkash, nukoa

stomach, the large; takoba

stomach, to; nukoa

stone, tali

stone (of fruit), foni

stone, large; tali chito, tali hochito

stone, mill; tali tanch afotoha

stone, to; tali isht boli, tali isht bot abi
tali isht holihtachi

stone, to become; ftali toba

stone blind, nishkin lapat kania

stone bruise, chuk/fi nishkin

stone horse, isuba nakni

stone pot, tali shuti

stone ridge, tali bacha

stone wall, tali holihta

stonecutter; tali bashli, tali chanli

stoned, tali isht boa

stony; kithkiki, tali foka, tali laua

stony region, tali foka

stool; aiomanili, iti watya, ulbal ont ta

stool, to have a; ulbal ont ia

stoop; aboha hoshontika, waiya

stoop, to; akka ia, waiyacht

?

BYINGTON]

stooped, tubbona

stooping, fobbona

stop, issa

stop, to; atabli, atapachi, auola, hikia,
issa, issachi, kamali, katabii, oktabli,
oktaptuli, olabbi, takabli, yokopa

stop sucking, to; pishi issa

stop the mouth, to; ittakha akkami

stop up, to; akamali, akamolechi, akamoti,
akammi, asheli, kammi, lablichi

stop water, to; oktabli

stoppage; anukbikeli, atapa, atapoa

stoppage in the throat, to cause;
anukbikelicht

stopped; akama, akkama, kama, oktapa,
yokopa

stopped up; alhkama, alhkomoa, labli

stopper; akammi, issachi, isht oktapa,
oktabli

stopple; isht akama, isht alhkama, isht
okshilita, oka abicha isht alhkama

store; avitatoba, alhpoyak aiasha

store, to; ashachi, boli, imatali

stored, imalhtaha

storehouse; aiitatoba chuka, alhpoyak
aiasha, nana aiitatoba

storekeeper; nan chumpa, nan ittatoba

storeroom, alhpoyak aiasha

stories, to make; anumpa chukushpa
ikbi

storm; itibbi, mati chito

storm, to; apeli, mati chito, nukoa, yilepa

stormy, mali chito laua

story; anumpa nan anoli, holisso nan
anoli

story, an idle; shukha anumpa

story, to; anoli

story book, holisso nan anoli

story in a building, chuka itontala

story-teller; anoli, anumpa ikbi

stout; chito, kallo, kilimpi, lampko *

stout, to render; naknichi

stove, cooking; tali aholhponi

stow, to; boli

straddle, to; wakcha, wakchala, wakcha-
lali, wakchat nowa

straddle, to make; wakchalalichi, wak-
chalachi, wakchalashlichi

straddle, to stand; wakchat hikia

straddle and walk, to; wakchat nowa

straddle on, to; wakcha

straddled, wakchalashli

straddled over, wakcha

straggle, to; folota

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOOCTAW LANGUAGE 5

~I
i

straggle away, to; /imimpa

straggler; hatak kania, yoshoba

straight; ali, apissa, apissali, apissanli,
ashalinka, alhpesa, chekusi

straight, to make; apissallechi

straight and tapering, ibakshakanli

straighten, to; apissallechi, apissalli,
katanlichi, kallochi

straightened, apissa

straightlaced, kallo

straightway; ashalinka, chekusi, mih

strain; talofa naha, yichina

strain, to; hoiya, hoiyachi, holuyachi,
linfa, yichina, yichinachi

strained; hoiya, holuya, shepa, talofa
naha

strainer, ahoiya

straining, hoiyachi

strait; aiatikonofa, ilbasha

strait-laced; chunuko talakchi, kamassa

straiten, to; ilbashachi, pathachi

straitly, hallo

strand; chula, chutata, oka ont alaka

strand, red; na humma

strand, the; okhata ont alaka

strand, to; ontalali, ontala

stranded, ontala

strange; inla, ma

strange thing, nan inla

strangely, inlat

strangeness; inla, kapassa

stranger; hatak inla, oklush inla

strangle, to; akamolechi, akomolechi,
anuktamalli, anuklamallichi, nuktamoli,
nuktamolichi, nuklamolli, nuktamollichi,
nukshikanlichi, nuktakali, nuktakalichi,
shikanlichi

strangle, to cause to; nuktamolichi

strangled; anuklamalli, nuklamoli, nuk-
tamolli, nuksakki, nukshikanh, nukshi-
kanshli, nuktakala

strangler, anuklamallichi

strangulation, anuklamallichi

strap; asela, inuchi, ht ahabli,
halupalli

strap, to; aseta isht fammi

strapped, shuahchi

stratagem, haksichi

straw, onush api

straw, a; api

straw cutter, onush api isht basha

strawberry, biu"ko

strawberry vine, biurko api

stray, kania

isht

572

stray, to; folota, hopakichi, kania, tamoa,
yoshoba

strayed, kania

streak; basoa, lafa

streak, to; basoachi, tafi, maleli

streaked; basoa, la”fa, yafimpa

stream; bok, okhina, yanalli

stream, to; yanalli

streamer, shapha

street; aiitanowa, hina, hina patha

strength; imanukfila chito, isht alampko,
kamassa, kallo, kilimpi, tampko, na kallo

strengthen, to; a”tichi, apela, kamas-
salli, kallochi, kallot ia, kilimpichi,
tampkuchi, yimintachi

strengthened; akamassa, kamassa, kallo,
lampko

strengthener;
lampkuchi

strenuous; chilita, yiminta

stress; kallo, nana fehna
stretch, to; chisbi, chisbichi, chisemo,

' chisemoa, chisemochi, chisemoti, chitoli,
mabli, mampoa, mampoli, shebli, shepa,
shepkachi, shepoa, shepolichi, shepoti,
tikelichi, yichina, yohapa

stretch, to cause to; shepolichi

stretch forth, to; weli

stretch in length, to; mampa

stretch out, to; mampli, weli

stretched; ashatapa, ashatapoa, auataya,
chisbi, chisemo, chisemoa, tapa, tohama,
mampa, mampoa, shepa, shepkachi,
shepoa, tikeli, yohapa

stretcher; mampli, shebli

strew, to; fimibli, patali

strewed; jfima, patalhpo

strewn, /fimimpa

stricken in years, sipokni

strict; ali, alhpiesa, katanli,
palamma

strictly, arti

strictness; katanli, kallo, palammi

stride, to; chali, hopakichit habli

strife; itachoa, itishi

strike, to; abotichi, aiisso, anya, bakaha,
boli, chanli, fahama, isso, kasali, kab-
alichi, lasaha, lasalichi, litelichi, litinha,
massalichi, mitihachi, nukbepli, olachi,
pasalichi, pokaffi, sakaha, sakalichi, sok-
unha, tammaha, tammalichi, tipelichi,
tipiha, washalahinchi, washalwarya

strike, to cause to; issochi

strike against, to; aboa, bikelichi

kamassalli, kallochi,

kallo,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

{BULL. 46

strike and knock off, to; mokafa

strike at or on, to; afahama

strike with lightning, to; hiloha abi

striker; boli, isso, lasaha, litivha, na boli,
nan isso, sakalichi, tipivha

striking, sakaha

string; aholhtapi, aseta, holhtampi, isht
talakchi, libata, nan isht talakchi

string, to; chakoli, hotampi, hotapi

stringiness; tikaha, tikansha

stringy; akshish laua, tikaha, tikansha

strip, a; falaia

strip, to; ilbashachi, luff, tiffi

strip, to cause to; /fakoplichi, tiffichi

strip naked, to; nipi banuchi

strip off, to; alinfi, alinkachechi, fakoti,
Jakopli, teti, titi, lonffi, toli, nachoti,
nachotichi, nipatichi, shunfi

stripe; basoa, basolti, fahama, ilbusha,
tukalichi, mirsa, misisunkachi

stripe, to; basoachi, basoti, oklauinlichi,
simoacht

striped; basasu™kachi, basoa, chinisa,
misisurkachi, oklauinli, simoa, yafimpa

striped work, to make; basolichi

stripes, small; basosu”kachi, simoa

stripling, alla himmita

stripped; ashabi, fakowa, ilbasha,
dinfa, tonfa, toha, shufa, wehpoa

stripped of limbs, nipafa

stripped off; alifa, atinkachi, tiha, loha,
nipati

stripped off, to cause to be; /fakolichi

stripper; fakolichi, fakopli, liffi

stripping; /fakoli, fakopa

strive, to; achowa, achunanchi, apak-
shana, banna, ichapa, itishi, pakna, pisa

striver; itimpakna, itishi

stroke, isso

stroke, a single; mitelichi

stroke, to; hammi, pashoti

stroked; hama, pashoha

stroker, hammi

stroll, to; folota

stroller, folota

strong; akallo, homi, katama, kamassa,
kamassalli, kallo, kilimpi, tampko,
palammi, nan inlaua

strong, not; hoyapa

strong, to make; akallochi, nukhomechi

strong enough, kallo alhpesa

strong man, hatak kamassa

stronger, kallo inshali

strongest, hallo ishaht tati

lufa,

BYINGTON | A DICTIONARY

stronghold, holihta kallo

strongly, kallot

strop, razor;
puchi

strop, to; sholichi

stroud, nana

stroud, black; nan lusa

stroud, blue; nan okchako

stroud, red; na humma chulata, nan
tishepa

stroud, white; nan tohbi

structure, chuka

struggle; itishi, yichina,

struggle, to; ilafoa, komunta, nukhammi,
yichina, yiliya

struma, chilanli

strumpet; hatak lusa hawi, haui, ohoyo
haui

strung; holhtapi, honata

strung up and dried, chakowa

strut, to; /fehnachi, ilefehnachit nowa,
tema

stub, iti kolofa

stub, to; ibetabli, itakshish kulli, wak-
shish

stubbed, kitikshi

stubble; onush abasha, onush aialmo

stubble field, onush aialmo

stubborn; haksi, ilapunla, kallo

stuck in; shamalli, shamoli

stud, iti atikoa

student; holisso ithana, holisso pisa, pisa

studhorse, isuba nakni

studious; achunanchit pisa, pisa shali

study; anukfilli, api%sa, holisso apisa

study, to; anukfilli, holisso pisa, pisa

study together, to; holisso itibapisa

stuff; alhpoyak, nan tanna, nana

stuff, to; abeti, alotoli

stuffed; alota, albiha

stuffing, isht albiha

stultify, to; tasembochi

stumble, ibetabli

stumble, to; anaktibaffi, anaktiballi, ash-
achi, ibetabli, yoshoba, yoshobbi

stumble, to make; ibetablichi

stumbler; ashachi, ibetabli

stump; ahokofa, akolofa, iti kolofa, tilofa

stump, to; ibetabli, pan/fi

stun, to; haksichi, haksubachi, nukbepli,
nukbepuli, talissachi

stun, to cause to; nukbeplichi

stung, nala

stunned; haksi, nukbepa, nukbepoa

nutakhisht shafa ahala-

OF THE CHOCTAW

573

LANGUAGE

stunt, to; liposhichi

stunted, tiposhi

stupefy, to; kotachi

stupendous; hocheto, na fehna

stupid, imanuk/fila iksho

stupor; imanukjila iksho, kostinit kania,
nusilhha

sturdy, hallo

stutter, to; anumpuli anuktuklo, isun-
lash ali

stutterer, isunlash illi

sty (for swine), shukha inhollihta

sty (on the eyelid), hashi labi, hoshila,
isht aniwilali, oshawilah,
shawila

sty, to have a; hoshilabi

style (designation), hochifo

style (manner), aiimalhpesa, aiyamohmi,
anumpa

style (to cross a fence), atuya

style, to; hochifo

styled, hochifo

suavity; yohbi, yukpa

subacid, hauashko chohmi

subdivide, to; chuli

subdue, to; imaiyachi, ishatichi, kostinin-
chi

subdue the heart, to; chu”kash yohbichi

subdued; imaiya, kostini, nuktala

subdued heart, chu”kash yohbi

subduer; imaiyachi, kostininchi

subject; hatak, hepulla, nakni tashka,
nana, nutaka avsha, tashka

subject, to; imaiyachi, yukachi

subject-matter of a speech, anwmpa
nushkobo

subjected, yuka

subjection; imaiya, imaiyachi, nutaka,
nutaka ia

subjoin, to; achakali

subjugate, to; yukachi

sublimate, to; chahachi

sublime; chaha, chito, holitopa

sublime, to; chahachi, holitoblichi

sublimity; chaha, chito, holitopa

submerge, to; oklobushli, oklobushlichi,
oklubbi, oklubbichi

submerged, oklobushli

submission, nutaka ia

submissive; i/basha, imantia

submit, to; nutaka ia

suborn, to; holabichi

suborner, holabichi

subscribe, to; hochifo takalichi, ome ahna

okshauina,

574

subscriber, hochifo takalichi

subsequent; himmak, iakaiya

subserve, to; apela

subservient, apela

subside, to; chulosa, habofa, haboti,
halata, hopota, nuktala, oka tala, shiota,
shippa, shippachi

subsided; habofa, haboti, shippa

subsidiary, apela

subsist, to; ilhpak atati, okcharya

subsistence, ilhpak

substance; imilayak, nana

substantial; achukma, aianti, kallo

substantiate, to; achchukmali, aianticha

substitute, alhtoba

subterraneous, yakni anunkaka

subtle; haksi, kostini, tapuski

subtract, to; akuchaweli, kashabli

subtracted; akuchawiha, kashapa

subtraction, akuchaweli

suburb, bilivka

subvert, to; kinatichi, kinaffi

subverted; kinafa, kinati

subverter, kinaffi

succeed, to; aia’ti, alhtoba

succeeder; alhtoba, iakaiya

succeeding, acha”ka

success, aia’li

successful, aia”li

successor; alhtoba, iakaiya

succinct, tilofasi

succor, apelachi

succor, to; apela, apelachi

succorer, apelachi

succulent, hokulbi

succumb, to; nutaka ia

such; chohmi, chomi, yohmi

suck, pishi

suck, to; ok/fulli, pishi

suck in, to; oka foyuha

sucked (by the doctors), aha

sucker; chalabakko, apatali

suckle, to; pishechi

suckle a child, to; alla pishechi

suckling; allu%si, pinshi

sudden; tushpa, yakosi ititakla

sudden motion, lip

suddenly; ashalinka, haksint, yakosi itin-
takla

sudorific, ikhinsh lakshachi

suds; isht ahchifa pokpoki, pokpoki

suds, to make; pokpokechi

sue, to; anumpa kallo onuchi

sued, anumpa kallo onutula

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

suet; haiyi*hchi nia, wak bila

suffer, to; ahni, halalli, ilbasha, imateka,
issikkopa, ome ahna

sufferer, i/basha

suffering, ilbasha

suffice, to; j/ihobli, laua

sufficed, jihopa

sufficiency; alhpesa, laua

sufficient; alhpesa, laua

sufficient number, katohmona

suffocate, to; nuktamalli,
nuktin fi, nuksitelr

suffocated; nuktinfa, nuksita

suffocating, nukshikanli

suffrage, holisso

sugar; hapi champuli, shokula

sugar, loaf; hapi champuli tohbi

sugar, lump; hapi champuli tohbi

sugar, to; hapi champuli yammichi

sugar, white; hapi champuli tohbi

sugar barrel, hapi champuli aialhto

sugar bowl, hapi champuli aialhto

sugar box, hapi champuli aialhto

sugar cane; hapi champuli api, tanchuka

suggest, to; achi, anoli

suicide; abi, ilebi

suicide, to commit; abi

suit, asilhha

suit, to; alhpesa, yohmi aialhpesa, yukpa,
yukpali

suit exactly, to; alhpiesa

suit of clothes, /ohka

suitable; aialhpesa, alhpesa, imarka

suited, alhpesa

suitor; anumpa alhpisa onuchi, asilhha

sulky; hasharya, nukoa

sulky, a; iti chanalli iskitini palhki, iti
chanaha palhki

sullen; ba’shkiksho, nukoa

sullied, liteha

sully, to; liteli, lusachi

sulphate of magnesia, ikhinsh hapi holba

sulphate of soda, ikhinsh hapi holba

sulphur, hituk lakna

sultriness, alohbi

sultry; alohbi, lashpa, palli

sultry, to cause to be; alolichi

sum, moma

sum total, aiati

sumac; bashukcha, bati

sumless, aholhtina iksho

summary; anuwmpa nushkobo, anumpa
tikba

summed, holhtena

nuklinfa,

BYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY

summed up, kaha

summer; palli, toffa

summer, the first part of; toffahpi

summer, to; toffa anta na topulli

summit; onchaba, paknanka, tabokaka,
wishakchi

summon, to; anoli, hoyo

summoner, na hoyo

sumpter; isuba shapo shali, isuba shapuli

sumptuous, holitopa

sun, hashi i

sun, to; hashontombichi, hufka, ufka

sunbeam; hashtomi, tombi

sunburnt, hashi lua

sunlike, hashi holba

Sunday, nitak hollo

sunder, to; hokoffi, kashabli, litaffi, tabli

sunder at, to; atabli, ataptuli

sunder once, to; himonna tapli

sundered; hokofa, kashapa, litafa

sundown, hashi okatula

sundry; taiyuka, kanomona

sunflower, hashi

sung; alhtalwa, talwa

sunned, holufka

sunrise, hashi kucha

sunset, hashi okatula

sunshine; hashi atomi, hashtomi, tombi

sup, to; ishko, nanabli, ninak impa impa

superabound, to; atapa, abanabli, laua

superabound, to cause to; atablichi

superabounding, affekoma

superadd, to; atabli

superannuated, sipokni atapa

superb; chito, na fehna

supercilious; dlapunla, ilefehnachi

supereminent; achukma atapa, achukma’

imshati, Mmshali
superficial; apaknali, paknaka
superfine, achukma ishati
superfluous, atapa fehna
superintend, to; apistikeli, petichi
superintendent; nan apesachi, peticheka
superior; wnaiya, ishati, sipokni ishali
superlative, ishaht tali
supernatural being, na hollo
supervise, to; apistikeli
supervisor, apistikeli
supine; ahah ahni ikshe, intakobi, wa-
talhpt
supinely, watalhpi
supper; ninak impa, oklili impa, opiaka
impa
supplant, to; alhtoba hosh ishi, fahammi

OF THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 5

a]
On

supple; lapushki, walohbi

supple, to; lapushkichi, walohbichi

suppled; walasha, walohbi

suppliant; asilhha, nana silhha

supplicant, nana silhha

supplicate, to; asilhha, ilbasha

supplied, imalhtaha

supply; /aua, laua alhpesa

supply, to; imatali

supply a place, to; atobachi

support; aiokcharya, bikeli, halalli, tikeli

support, to; aa”tichi, apela, atati, halalli

supporter; bikeli, halalli, imatali, kamas-
salli, tikela

suppose, to; imahoba

supposition, imahoba

suppress, to; akkachi, imaiyachi, issacht,
luhmi, nuktalali, takabli

suppressed, /wima

suppression, oktapa

suppurate, to; aninchichi

suppurate, to cause to; aninchichechi

suppuration, aninchichi

suppuration, to promote; aninchiche-
chi

supremely, i”shali

surcharge, to; atablit abeli

surcingle; tkfuka isht talakchi, ikfukasita,
isuba foka sita

surcingled, iffuka sita

surd, haponaklo

sure; akallo, akat, anti

surely; anti, avtit, ba, chatik, hepulla,
kaheto, pulla

surety; ahinna, aianti

surf, oka pokpoki

surface; apaknali, pakna, paknaka

surfeit, impa atabli

surfeit, to; atablit apa, ipeta atabli

surge; banatha, oka banatha, oka banarya

surge, to; oka banathat arya

surly; hasharya, nukoa

surmise, imahoba

surmise, to; imahoba

surmount, to; abanabli, imaiya, imaiya-
chi ;

surname, apunta

surpass, to; imaiya, imaiyachi, ishatichi

surpassing; imaiya, ishali

surplus; .atapa, alhtampa

surprise; ata, haksint ishi, okko, okokko,
ta, yitishachi

surprise, to; anuklakashli, haksichi, hak-
sint ishi

576

surprise, to feel; anuklamampa

surprised; anuklakancha, nuktakancha

surrender, ilissa

surrender, to;
nutaka va

surrender, to cause to; ilissachi

surround, to; aboluktoh, afololichi,
afolubli, afoluplichi, apakfobli, apakfoti

surrounded; apakfokachi, apakfopa

surtout; ilefoka chito, na foka chashana
falaia

survey, pisa

survey, to; apesa, chuli, pisa

surveyed; alhpesa, chuta

surveyor, apistikeli

suspect, to; ahni, imahoba

suspend, to; atakalichi, takalechi

suspended; aba takali, takali, takoti

suspender, tahchabana

suspenders; hanawia, hannaweli, obala
Joka isht halalli

suspense, anuktuklo

suspicious, nuktala

sustain, to; halalli

sustained, imalhtaha

sustenance; «aiokchanya,
ilimpa

suture; aiitachakilli, nushkobo foni aiita-
chakalli

swab, to; kasholichi

swaddle, to; na foka afoli

swaddled, na foka alhfoa

swag, to; waiya

swagger, to; ilefehnachi

swaggerer, ilefehnachi

swain, hatak himmita

swallow; isht nanabli, isht nalli, kolumpi,
nanabli,, nalap, nalli,

swallow (bird), chopitak

swallow, a single; nanabli achafa

swallow, half a; nanabli tklanna

swallow, to; balakachi, nanabli, nalli

swallow, to cause to; nanablichi, nalli-
chi

swallow largely, to; chitot ishko

swallow loudly, to; kolakachi

swallowing, the act of; nanabli

swamp; bok anuka, lu™sa, patasachi

swamp, a large; lu”sa chito

swamp, a large round; lu”sa tikpi

swamp, an open; lu%sa shahbi

swamp, the edge, end, or limits of a;
lunsa aiali

swampy; bok anurka, lunsa foka

ilissa, na halupa bol,

ilhpak, nan

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

swan, okak

swan, a young; okak ushi

swap, itatoba

swap, to; /falammichi, itatoba

swapper, itatoba

sward, hashuk

swarm; awiachi, lawa

swarm, to; awiachi, wiha

swarthy, lusa

swath, hashuk itanaha

swathe, to; a/foli

sway, to; bikota, pelichi, waiya, waiyachi

swear, to; anumpa kallo ilonuchi,
anumpa kallo isht anumpuli

swear by, to; miha

sweat, laksha

sweat, a profuse; laksha chito

sweat, to; hobechi, laksha, lakshachi

sweat blood, to; issish laksha

sweaty; laksha, shinasbi, shinisbi

sweep, to; a’ya, bashpuli, fali, pa”shpuli,
piri

sweep the whole, to; mominchi

sweep together, to; apeli

sweeper; bashpuli, pa™shpuli

sweepings, chupilhkash

sweet; akomachi, balama,
kashaha, sinimpa

sweet, to make; balamachi —

sweet bread, paska champuli

sweet gum, hika

sweet potato, ahe

sweeten, to; champulachi, yammichi

sweeten with, to; aiyammichi

sweeten with sugar, to; hapi champuli
yammichi

sweetened; aiyammi, champuli, yammi

sweetened with, aiyammi

sweetened with sugar, hapi champuli
yamme

sweetness, champuli

swell; bokko, ibish, oka banatha, shatali,
tikpt

swell, to; chitoli, ilefehnachi, irshaht isht
ia, kachombi toba, mitibli, mitiblichi,
piakachi, sobonoa, shataioli, shatali,
shatapa, shatabli, shatohpa, shatosholi,
shitammi, shitibli, shitiblichi, shitimmi,
shofoha, shofoli, shofolichi

champulh,

swell, to cause to; shataiolichi, shatali- -

chi, shatablicht, shatammichi, shitiblicha,
shofoticht
swell, to make the cords; chilinanchi
swell and roll as water, to; paiokachi

— a.

BYINGTON]

swell the lips, to; itukshibeli

swelled; kachombi, mitibli, shatammi

swelled neck or throat, thonla shatali

swelling; paffala, shatali, shatapa, sha-
tabli, shatohpa, shatosholi, shofoti

swelling, a hard; kachombi, kochombi,
shatammi

swelling, a white; shatohpa

swellings, to produce; shatosholichi

swept; abashpoa, pa™shpoa

swept place, abashpoa

swerve, to; shanaia, yoshoba

swift; chati, lipko, palhki, shinimpa,
tushpa

swiftly, to cause to go; shinimpachi

swiftness, shinimpa

swig, ishko chito

swig, to; chitot ishko

swill, shukha imilhpak

swim, to; hacho™malhmokki, mulhmakki,
okpalali, okshinilli, okshinillichi, oksho-
nulli, okshonullichi, okpalolti, okpaloti-
chi, okyolt

swim (the head), to; chukfoloha, folota

swim, to cause to; chuk/fulli, okbillichi,
okpalalichi, okshinillichi, okshonullichi,
okyoticht

swimmer; isht pi’fi, okshinilli, oksho-
nulli, okyoti, okyolt imponna

swimming, okyoli

swindle, to; haksichi

swindled, haksi

swindler, haksichi

swine, shukha

swine lot, shukha ihellihta

swing; afahata, afataha, fahattakachi

swing, to; /fahakachechi, fahali, fahatichi,
fahata, fahatachi, fahattakachi, fatati,
fattahachi, takant fahakachi, tilokachi

swing, to cause to; /atalichi

swing around, to; fatohachi

swing in, on, or at, to; a/ahata

swing slowly and heavily, to; /ahaka-
chi

swinger, fahalichi

swinging; /fahata, fahattakachi

swingle, to; fahakachi

swingletree; isuba ahalalli, iti

asht

switch; /fuli, itapushi
switch, to; fuli isht fammi, mitelichi,
mititha
switched, /uli isht fama
switching, /uli isht fama
84339°—Bull. 46—15

—— ik

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

577

swollen; shataioa, shatali, shatabli, sha-
tablichi, shatammi, shatammichi, sha-
tohpa, shatosholi, shitibli, shofoha, shofoti

swollen in the bowels, ik/elichi

swoon, shimoha

swoon, to; shimoha

sword, bashpo falaia

sword belt, bashpo falaia atakali askufachi

sword blade, bashpo falaia halupa

swung; /ahakachi, fahati, fahata

sycamore; bihi holba, fanikoyo, sini

sycophant, anumpa chukushpashali

sylvan, iti anunka

symbol, isht alhpisa

sympathetic, nukhanklo

sympathize, to; nukhatklo

sympathize with, to; ibanukhanklo

sympathizer, ibanukhanrklo

sympathy, nukharklo

symptom, isht alhpisa

synagogue; aba isht aianumpa chuka,
sinakak, sinakak chuka

synonymous, mih

syphilis, /uak shali

syringe, tkhish isht apu”fachi

tabby; bakoa, basoa

tabernacle; aba anumpa isht canum-
puli, alhtipo, bina

tabernacle, to; anta

table; aiumpa, holisso, ilimpa

table, to; holissochi

table cloth; aiimpa onlipa, aiimpa um-
patalhpo

table knife, bashpo ibbak pishinli, bashpo
isht impa

table leg, aiimpa iyi

tabor, alepa

tache, isht akamassa

tacit, Juma

tack; chufak chipinta, chufak ushi, chufak
yushkololi

tack, brass; tali haksi chufak

tack, to; achunli, ahonatichi, honatichi,
shanaia

tackling, iti chanaha isht halalli

tadpole, yalubba

tail, hasimbish

tailed, to be long; chashanoha

tailless; motohki, tokumpa

tailor; na foka ikbi, nan achunli

tailor, to; na foka ikbi

tailoress; nan achunli, ohoyo na foka tkbi,
ohoyo nan achunli

taint, to; ashuwachi

578

tainted, shua

take, to; eshi, hokli, holissochi, 1a, ikhana,
ilaueli, imaiyachi, ishi, ishko, isht, ishwa,
nanabli, ome ahni, petichi, pota, yichiffit
ishi, yukacht

take, to cause to; eshichi

take a census, to; hotina

take a few, to; achafoa

take a start, to; attat isht ia

take ahead, to; ma”ya

take all, to; aiokluhali, aokluhanchi,
bakastuli, mominchi

take along, to; aya, shali, wiha

take along with, to; aueli

take also, to; aiokluhanchi

take and bind, to; takchit ishi

take and put in, to; ishit fohki

take and spill, to; fohobli

take away, to; hota, ishi, kanallichi,
kanchi, kuchi, peta

take back, to; okha

take by the hand, to; potoli

take captive, to; yukachi

take care, to; ahah ahni

take care of, to; potont

take down, to; akkachi

take ease, to; /oha

take food, to; impa

take from, to; alammz

take heed, to; ahah ahni, ahah imahni

take hold of, at, or there, to; ahalalli,
aeshi, arishi

take in, to; chukoa

take in the arms, to; sholv

take it!, maki

take land by a lease, to; yakni pota

take leave, to; ilhkoli

take off, to; ashueli, ashu”ffi, ishi, nipa-
ticki, nipaffi, shueli, shunfi

take on high, to; aba isht ona

take out, to; akuchi, atokoa, foeli, fohobli,
JSulli, kohchi, kucha weheli, kuchi, shunfi,
tepult, welt

take out, to cause to; fohoblichi

take out from, to; akuchaweli, akuche-
chi, atokola

take out of the way, to; kanalichi

take over, to; tanablichi

take part away, to; koyoffi

take part with, to; apehachi

take pay, to; okha

take place at, to; ayakohmi

take refuge, to; atukko

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

take round, to;
wachi

take the place of, to; alhtoboa

take the whole, to; mominchi, okluhan-
tisha

take through, to; afopolichi, alopullichi,
lopulli

take together with, to; aiokluhanchi

take turns with, to; alhtoboa

take up, to; hilechi, oiya, peli, sholi

taken; alhtoka, imaiya, yuka

taken away, kania

taken from; akucha, akuchawiha

taken hold of and drawn off; yikefa

taken off; ashu®fa, shwinkachi, shunfa,
nipati

taken off, the place where; ashueli,
ashutfa

taken out;
shuirkachi

taken round; /olota, folotoa, fullokachi

taken together, to cause all to be;
aokluhalinchi

taken up, piha

taker; hokli, ishi

takes all, one who; tomaffi

taking, ishi

tale; anumpa, holhtina, shukha anumpa

tale bearer; anumpa chukushpa ikbi,
anumpa chukushpashali, hatak nan anoli,
nan anoli

talent, tali holisso weki

talented, imponna

tales, to make; anwmpa chukushpa ikbi

talk, anuwmpa

talk, a very short; anumpa kolunfasi

talk, to; anopoli, anumpuli, aba anum-
puli, balbaha, kebibi, kehepa, mthachi

talk about a book, etc., to; holisso isht
anumpult

talk at random, to; himak fokalit anum-
pula

talk impertinently, to; anukchilafa

talkative; anumpa inlaua, anumpuli
shalt

talked, anumpa

talker; anumpuli, anumpuli shati, miha-
chi

tall; chaha, falaia, hofaloha

tallness; /falaia, hofaloha

tallow; isi nia, wak nia

tallow, to; niachi, wak nia ahammi

tallow candle, wak nia pala

afolotowachi, foloto-

holhta, kucha, kucha wiha,

——

BYINGTON |

tallowed; ahama, nia, wak nia ahama

tally, to; itilaui, itilawichi, itilawichit
takolicha

talon; hushi iyakchush, iyakchush

tamable, alhpoba hinla

tame; alhpoba, honayo, kostint

tame, to; apoa

tamed, alhpoa

tamely, nan mihiksho

tameness, honayo

tan, isht hummachi

tan, to; hwmmachi

tan vat, wak hakshup ahumma

tan yard, wak hakshup ahumma

tangle, itashiha

tangle, to; shachopa, shiha, shihacha,
shochoha, takali

tangled, shiha

tangled, to become; shacneha

tank, oka aialhto chito

tankard, isht ishko

tanned, itola”kabi

tanned red, humma

tanner; na hummachi,
hummachi

tanner’s bark, wak hakshup isht hum-
macht

tannery, wak hakshup ahumma

tansy, wild; fani hasimbish holba

tantalize, to; haksichi

tantamount, itilawi

tap; isht alhkama, isht bicheli, oka abicha
isht alhkama, oka abicha isht shana, oka
isht bicha

tap, to; lwmpli, sakaha, sokolichi, soku”ha,
sukolichi

tap hole; abicha, abichkachi, oka abicha,
oka isht bichelt

tap house, oka akanchi

tap root, akshish

taper, ibakchufarshli

taper, a; pala

taper, to; ibakchufanli, ibakchufanlichi,
ibakchufa"shli, ibakchufashlichi

tapered, ibakchufanli

tapering; chu®sa, ibakchufanli, ibaksha-
kanla

tapster; bicheli, oka bichela

tar, tiak nia

tar, to; tiak nia ahammi

tar kiln, tiak nia atoba

tardiness; haklo, salaha

tardy, salaha

tare, haiyu"kpulo

wak hakshup

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

579

target; holisso, iti tila, tilikpi

tarnish, to; lusachi

tarnished, /usa

tarred, tiak nia ahama

tarry, tiak nia bano

tarry, to; aiasha, anta

tart; hawashko, homi, kaskaha

tartar emetic, ikhitsh bota ishkot hoita

tartness, homi

task; ahchiba, toksali alhpisa

task, to; toksalechi

taskmaster, to"ksalechi

tassel, habali

tassel, ready to; habani

tassel, to; habali, hinak toba, okhinak

tassel, to cause to; habalichi

tasseled, habali

tasseling of corn, hinak kucha

tasselled, hinak toba

taste, to; apat pisa, ishkot pisa

tattered, lilalavkachi

tattle, anumpa

tattle, to; achokushpalechi, achokushpali,
anoli, anumpuli

tattler; achokushpalechi, nan anoli

tattoo, inchu”wa

tattoo, to; inchunli

tattooed, inchu®wa

taught; holisso ithana, ikhana, imponna

tavern; aboha aiimpa, chuka afoha, hatak
afoha

taverner, chuka afoha i”hikia

tawdry, isht ilakshema shah

tawny, humma

tax, nushkobo atobbi

tax, to; nushkobo atobbi onuchi, tali
holisso itannalr

tax gatherer, tali holisso itannali

tea, ti
tea canister, ti aialhto
teach, to; abachechi, abachi, holisso

ithananchi, holisso pisachi, ikhananchi,
ikhana, ikhananchi, imabachi, impon-
nachi, kostininchi, pisachi

teachable; ikhana hinla, ikhanahe pulla

teacher; hatak ikhananchi, hatak ima-
bachi, holisso ithananchi, holisso pisachi,
ikhananchi, ikhananchi, imabachi, im-
ponnachi, kostininchi, nan tkhananchi,
nan imabachi, nan ithanachi, nan itha-
nanchi, nana imabachi, nukfoki, nuk-
fokicht, pisachi

teaching, the means of} isht ikhanan-

cht

580

teacup, li isht ishko

team, to; hiolichi

teamster; hiotichi, isht avya, iti chanaha
isht arya

teapot, ti ahoni

tear, nishkin okchi

tear, to; jfakopli, haiochichechi, liabli,
lunlichi, nukoa, tilafa, tilatichi, tilaffi,
lilechi, tilla

tearer; lilalichi, lilaffi, tilechi

tease with, to; afekommi

teased, shiha

teaser, nukoa

teat; ibish, ipinshik, pishik

tedder, aseta falaia

tedder, to; aseta falaia isht takchi

tedious; achiba, ahchiba, alhchiba, komota,
palammi, salaha

tedious, to cause to be;
achibali, palammicht

tediousness, ahchiba

teem, to; cheli, kaiya, usht ifohka, ushi
kaiya

teeter, to; takanha

teeth, nott

teethe, to; noti offo

tegument, hakshup

teil tree, balup

telescope, apisa isht hopo™koyo

tell, to; a, anoachi, anoli, haiakachi,
hotina, ikhanancha

teller; anoli, hotina

telltale; nan anoli, nan anoli shalt

temerity, nukwia iksho

temper; chu”kash, imanuk/fila, itiammi,
nuklibisha

temper, to; aiywma, kallochi, nuktalali

temperance, nuktanla

tempered; kallo, nuktanla

tempest; apeli, abai anumpuli chuka,
matt chito, mati kallo

temple; aboha holitopa, chuka hanta

temple (in anatomy), haksun tapaiyt

temporal; nitak, yakni

tempt, to; anukpallichi, imomaka pisa,
nuk pallicht

tempt with, to; aianukpallichi

temptation; aianukpalli, aianukpallika,
anukpallika, nan nukpalli, nukpallichi

temptation, to feela; anukpalli

tempted; anukpalli, nukpalli, ashuchoha

tempter; aianukpallichi, anukpallichi,
imomaka pisa, nukpallichi

ten, pokoli

achibachi,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

Ten Commandments, nan alhpisa

tenacious; halalli, kallot ishi

tenant, yakni pota

tend, to; ahinna, ahni, apesachi, apisti-
keli, arya

tend the sick, to; abeka apistikeli

tender; kanliksho, kostini, nukhanklo,
nuktanla, walasha, waloha, walohbi,
walotachi, walunchi, walwaki

tender, a; apesachi

tender, to; imissa

tender, to make; tachopachi, walwaki-
chi

tender-footed, iyi taha

tender-hearted, chukash walwaki

tenderloin; anukbankchi, chashwa nipi

tenderness; ihollo, kanliksho, nukha-
klo, walohbi

tenement, chuka

tenet, imanuk/fila

tenfold, inluhmi

tenor, miha

tense, kallo

tension; shebli, shepa

tent; atepa, alhtipo,
alhtipo

tent, to; atepuli, attepuli, bina talali

tented; alhtipo, bina a%sha

tenter, wooden; tikeli

tenters, isht tikolt

tenth, isht pokoli

tepid; lahba, libesha

terce, italhfoa chito

term; aiali, anumpa, apetichi, nitak,
tuklo

term, to; hochifo

termagant, ohoyo nukoa

termed, hochifo

terminate, to;
hokoffi

terminated, hokofa

termination; ahokofa, aiati, ataha

terms; anumpa, hashi alhpisa

terrapin, luksi

terrestrial, yakni ahalava

terrible; okpulo, palammi

terribly, fehna

terrific, okpulo

terrified; nuktakancha, nukshopa

terrify, to; nuklakashli, nukshobli

territory; apetichi fullota, yakni

terror; komunta, nuktakancha, nukshopa

tertian, misha

test; isht alhpisa, pisa

bina, na _ hata

aialicht, ati, hokofa,

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY

test, to; apesa, pisa

testament, imissa

Testament, the; holisso holitopa

testator, imissa

testatrix, ohoyo imissa

testifier, atokoli

testify, to; ati achit anoli, anumpa kallo
onuchit anoli, atokoa

testimony; aiatokowa, anumpa, anumpa
kallo, nan alhtokowa, nan isht atokowa,
nan isht alhtokowa, oktani

testimony, to bear; aiatokowali

tether; isht talakchi, nan isht talakchi,

tetter; halampa, hallampa

tetter, to have a; hallampabi

text; anumpa, anumpa nushkobo

texture, tanna

thank, to; aiokpanchi, aiokpachi, yakoke
ahni

thankful; aiokpanchi, yakoke ahni

thankfulness, aiokpanchi

thanks, expressing; yakoke

that; ak, ash, ho, hoh, hokma, ilappak,
kak, mak, mat, na, nana hor, on, yamma,
yammak ash, yammak o, yammano, yam-
mat

that again; ak, inli

that also, inli

that instant, yammak

that one; yammak osh, yammato

that only; ak, hak

that same, mih

that too, yammak kia

that way; imma, yammimma

that which, a”, ano, chash, ka, kash, kato,
kano, kat, kato, kosh, ma, nana hat

that which is on, ontalaia

thatch; hashuk isht holmo, hashuk wm-
poholmo

thatch, to;
umpohomo

thatched, hashuk wmpoholmo

thaw, to; abila, bila, bileli

thawed, bila

the; a”, ak, amo, ash, at, at, ha”, hatuk,
hat, heno, het, heto, ho, tlappa, ilappak,
k, kak, kano, kanoha, kato, kat, kosh, ma,
mak, mano, mat, mato, ok, t, ya, yak,
yano, yatuk, yamma, yat, yor

the also; ma, mat

the one; ash, ato, at, ato, kato, mato

the one also, ash

the one which; amo, ano, ash, ha”, ka

hashuk isht homo, hashuk

OF THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

the one which also, ash

the one which or who, ato

the one who; at, at, ato

the present time, moment, or in-
stant; himak

the present year, himak afammi

the said; amo, ash, chash, hash, kash, mih

the said one, chashon

the sake of, hatok —

the same; ash, hash, mih

the same also which was, chash

the same that, hash

the same that was, chash

the same which; chash, chasho

the which; ano, at, ha”, ka, kano, kanoha,
kano, kosh

theater, aiilaualli chuka

thee; chi, chin, chia, chim, chin, chishno

theft, hukupa

their; 7”, ilap, im, immi, in, yamma

their own, ilap im

their thoughts, okla imanuk/fila

theirs; ilap, immi

them; a”, im, nana, yamma, yammak ash,
yammak oka

themselves, yammak inli

then; atuk, himmakma, hokma, mano,
mih, yammak, yammak okmato, yohmi
hokmano, yohmima

thence; ilappa, itintakla, yammak ashon,
yammak atuk an

thenceforth, yamma

theologian, aba anumpa ithana

theology; aba anumpa, Chihowa aba-
numpa

theory; anumpa, imanukfila

there; a, ai, 7, yamma, yammak, yammak
oka

thereabouts, yammak foka

thereat; ishl, yamma

thereby; isht, yammak o

therefore; akta, hakta, mih, yamohmi
hoka, yohmi hoka, yohmi ka, yohmi kat,
yohmima :

therein; isht, yammak o

thereof, yammak atuk an

thereupon; chekusi, yamohmi kako

therewith, isht

thermometer, lashpa isht akostininchi

these; yakohmi, yakomi,
yamma

these here, yakomi

they; ilappa, okla, yamma, yammak

ilappa, ka,

582

thick; chito, hofobi, holishki, lotuski,
okchalabi, sukko, shinashbi, toluski,
tolusli

thick, to make; toluskichi

thick, to make short and; lotuskichi

thick and close together, chikihah

thicken, to; a/fulli, ashela, ashelachi,
sukko, sukkochi

thickened; ashela, affula, holashki, sukko

thicket; aboli, bafaha, bafalli, kohchi

thicket, a small; ba/falli talaia

thickly; chito, hofobi, sukko

thickness, hofobi

thickset, bilinka

thief; hatak hukupa, hu®kupa, na hun-
kupa

thieve, to; hukupa

thievish, hu"kupa shati

thigh; iyuwbi, obi

thill, ahalalli

thimble; ibbak ushi foka, tali kassa

thin; fahko, laua, moaha, sukko, takassa,
tapaski, tapuski, wushwokt

thin, to; tapaskichi

thin lips, itakmacheli

thine; chi”, chin, chishno, chishno yoka”,
chishno yokat, ish, pishno yoka, pishno
yokat

thine, to become; chimmitoba

thing; na, nam, nan, nana, nana ka,
nana kia, nanta

thing, bad; nan okpulo

thing, one; nan achafa

thing, the very; nana fehna

thing, this; na yakohmi

things prepared, nan alhtaha

think, to; ahni, ahoba, anukfilli, imanuk-
jila

think about, to; aiahni

think himself, to; tlap anukfilli

think much of, to; /ehnachi

think of, to; wiahni, anukfilli

thinker, anuk/filli

thinking, anuhk/illi

thinly, jimimpa

third; atuchina, hituchina

third time, tuchinaha

third time, to do the; hituchinanchi,
tuchinancht

thirdly, atuchina

thirst; itukshila, nukshila

thirst, to; itukshila

thirst, to cause; nukshilachi

thirsty; itukshila, nukshila

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

thirsty, to be very; ituklua

thirteen, auah tuchina

thirteenth, isht auahchafa

thirtieth; isht pokoli, pokoli

thirty, pokoli

this; himak, ilap, ilappa, ilappak, ilappat,
mih, yak

this, to do; yalabli

this is the cause, yakohmika kon

this is the one; ilappak osh, ilappano

this is the one which; ilappak okat,
ilappato

this moment, himonasi

this side, olah ©

this side of the creek, bok ola intannap

this sort, yakohmi

this the one which, ilappak oka

this way; auet, et, ilappimma, imma,
olah, olehma, olimma

this year, himak afammi

thistle; shumatti, shumo

thistle down, shumo

thistle stalk, shwmo api

thistly, shumo laua

thitherward, ilappimma pilla

thole; atakali, api arishi

thong; aseta, tibata

thorax; haknip, haknip foni

thorn; bissukchanaki, kati, kati holba -

thorny; bisakchakinna foka, kati chito,
kati laua

thorough, alhtaha

thoroughwort, haiyu"kpulo

those, yamma

those which were, hatuk

thou; chi, chia, chik, chim, chishno, is, ish

thou-me; issa”, issi

though, kia

thought; anukfila, imanukfila

thoughtful; anukfilli, imanuk/fila, ima-
nukfila fehna

thoughtless, imanuk/fila iksho

thoughts of man, hatak imanuk/ila

thoughts of the heart, chukash imanuk-
jila

thousand, talepa sipokni

thousand, one; talepa sipokni achafa

thousand, ten; talepa sipokni pokoli

thousand, thousand; talepa sipokni
talepa sipokni

thousand, two; talepa sipokni tuklo

thousandth, isht talepa sipokni

thraldom, yuka

thrall, yuwka

BYINGTON]

thrash, to; boli, niheli

thrashed; niha, nihi

thrasher; boli, nihelichi

thread, to; ponola lopullichi

thread box, ponola aialhto

thread case, ponola aiahlto

threadbare, tipa

threat, miha

threaten, to; miha

threatener, mihachi

three, tuchina

three, all; twchinna

three, being; tuchinna

three, to make; tuchina

three-cornered, hanaiya

three times; atuchinaha, hituchinaha

three times, to do; hituchinanchi

threefold, inluhmi

thresh, to; niheli

threshing floor, anihechi

threshing place, anihechi

threshold, okhisa

thrice; atuchinaha, hituchinaha, tuchi-
nanchit

thrift, aianli

thrifty, aianl

thrill, to; lumpli, nukshachaiyakachi

thrive, to; chitot ia, imshali, laua

throat; ikolumpi, ikonla, wnalapi,
kolombish, nalapi

throat affection, shikiffi

throatlatch; isuba ikonla isht talakchi,
nutakfa isht talakchi

throb, to; lipkachi, michikli, mitikli,
mitikmirkli, mitikminl, mototurkli, mo-
tukli, timikli, timikmeli

throb, to cause to; mitiklichi, mitikmin-
lichi

throbbing;
tunkli

throe; hotupa, nukhammi

throe, to; hotupa, nukhammi

throne; aiasha, aiasha holitopa, aionbinili
holitopa, ombinili, pelichika aiasha

throne of Jehovah, Chihowa aiasha

throng; itanaha, laua

throng, to; atelifichi, itanaha laua

throttle, to; nuktakali

through; aiali, aiitintakla, lopulli, takla

throughout; moma, mominchit

throw; akkachi, kanchi, pila

throw, to; akkachi, bohpuli, fichammi,
kampila, naki pila, pila

throw away, to; kanchi

mitikli, mitikminlh, moto-

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

5838

throw by springing a stick, to; /acha-
chi, fachamoti, fachammi, fichamoti

throw down, to; akkaboti, akkapila,
kinatichi, kinaffi, tuhammi

throw into the fire, to; itokanchi

throw mud with a stick, to; /farkulli

throw on, to; onochi

throw on a fire, to; itachi, itopihinla

throw open, to; tiabli

throw out, to; kucha

throw over, to; auanapolichi, yuti

throw sideways, to; fahammi

throw up, to; aba pila

throw up the earth, to; wokkokli, wo-
kokonli

thrower; bohpuli, kanchi, pila

thrown, bohpoa

thrown by a stick; fachama, fachamoa

thrown down, kinati

thrum, to; takchi, tana

thrush, itakha litowa

thrust; bali, tobli

thrust, to; bali, chukoa, fahammi, tobli

thrust against, to; apokofa

thrust in, to; maia, maiachi

thrust into a corner, to; anaksikachi

thrust out the tongue, to; okchilabi,
okchilaklali

thrust upward, to; bahafji

thruster; bali, todii

thumb, ibbak ishki

thumb, to; lusachi

thump, sakachi

thump, to; kasolichi, kasuha, lasaha,
lasalichi, sakaha, sakalicht

thumper, lasalichi

thumping; sakaha, timikteli

thunder; hiloha, tasa

thunder, to; hiloha

thunder, to cause to; hilohachi

thunder clap, hiloha

thunder cloud, hiloha hoshintika

thunder shower, hiloha umba chito

thunder strike, to; hiloha abi

thunderbolt; hashuk malli,
kachi

thunderer, hilohachi

thus; achuhmi, aiyohmi, yak, yakohmi,
yammak i”, yohmi

thus, to do; aiyakohmichi, imoma, marya,
yakohmicht

thus always, to be; aiimoma

thwack, to; pasaha, pasalichi

thwart, to; asonali, okhoatali, olabbi

malatta-

584

thy; chi, chin, chim, chimmi, chin, chishno,
ish

thyine wood, sitlon

thyself, chishno akinli

tick; bahta chito hoshish aialhto, shatanni

tick, seed; shatannushi

tick, wood; shatanni

tick, young; shatannushi

ticket, holisso tilafa

ticking, nan tanna bahta atoba

tickle, to; chukchulli

tickled, chukchua

tickler, chukchulli

tickling; chukchua

ticklish; kinafa hinla, nukoa shati, yukpa
shalt

tide; okhata bikeli, yanalli

tidewater, oka bikela

tidiness, kashofa

tidings; anoa, anumpa, anumpa annoa,
anumpa himona

tidy, kashofa

tie, ashekonopa

tie, to; ashekonobli, itashekonopli, sheko-
nobli, takchi, takchichi

tie, to make; asetilechi

tie a noose, to; alinfachi

tie at, on, to, or up, to; asitilli, asitoh
ashetichi, atakchechi, atakchi, atakchiche-
chi, atakchichi, shikoti, takchichi

tie brush, to; shawwa takchi

tie together, to; takchichi

tie up in a bundle, to; sifeli, sitoli

tie with a noose, to; ali®fichi

tied; ashekonoa, ashekonopa, atalakchi,
shekonopa, talakchi

tied round, apakfoa

tied up; asehta, asitoha, asheha, ashehachi,
sita, sitoha, shikoli, shikowa

tierce, italhfoa chito

ties, one who; takchi

tiger; koi, koi nakni

tight; afacha, apohtukih, chiluk iksho,
iMmhollo, katanli, kallo, nan i”holitopa,
nan ihollo, palammi

tighten, to; katanlichi

tightly, katanli

tigress, koi tek

till; kinsha, na, takla

till, to; osapa toksali, pataffi, toksali

tillable; atoksala hinla, pataffi

tilled, patafa

tiller, pataffi

tiller of the ground, osapa toksali

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

tilt; alhtipo, umpoholmo

tilt, to; wmpohomo

timber; iti, iti basha, iti bashkachi

timbered, iti a%sha

time; aiona, nitak, okchavya, ta

time, a short; yakosi

time, to; apesa

timekeeper, hashi isht ikhana

timely; alhpesa, nitarki

timepiece, hashi isht ikhana

times; bat, ha

timid; anukwia, imata, nukshopa, nukwia,
takshi

timid, to render; anukwiachi, nukwiach

timorous; nukshopa, nukwia

tin, asonak toba

tin kettle, asonak hata

tin pail, asonak hata

tin pan; asonak hata maiha, asonak matha

tinder, tashukpa

tine, chufak wushala, washala

tingle, cha”sa

tingle, to; cha”sa, nukshikanh

tingle the nose, to; shikali, shikanlichi

tingling, shikanli

tinker, asonak isht atta

tinkle, to; kamahachi, kassa, kassaha,
kassahachi, olachi, samahachechi, sama-
hachi

tinkle, to cause to; kamahachechi

tinkling; kamahachi, kassahachi

tinkling of a bell, samahachi

tip, wishakchi

tip, to; haluppachi, umpohomo

tip end, wishakchi

tip end, belonging to the; wishakchi

tip-end men, hatak wishakchi

tipple, to; okishko

tippled, haksi

tippler; hatak okishko, okishko, okishko
shati

tippling house, oka aiishko

tipsy, haksi

tiptoe, iyushi wishakchi

tire; bita, itt chanaha isht talakchi, tal
itichanaha apakfoa

tire, to; hoyablichi, intakobichi, tikabi,
tikabicht

tire another, to; shemachi

tire with, to; aiintakobichi

tired; ataha, intakobi, tikabi

tired out with, aiintakobi

tiresome; ahchiba, alhchiba,
tikabi

komota,

a

BYINGTON ]

tithe, isht pokoli

title; hochifo, holisso, immi

title, to; ima

titter, to; yukpa

to; a, pilla

to some extent, chohmi

to the end that, na

toad, shilukwa

toad, spawn of a; shilukwushi

toad, tree; chukpalantak, hachukpalan-
tak

toad, young; shilukwushi

toadstool; pakti, povkshi

toast, paska alhpusha

toast, to; anakshorfi, anaksholi, auashli

toasted; anakshua, alhpusha, alwasha

toasting iron, paska alibishli

tobacco, hakchuma

tobacco, roll of; hakchwma alhfoa

tobacco leaf, hakchuma hishi

tobacco pipe, hakchuma shuti

tobacco worm, hakchuwma i%shunshi

today, himak nitak

toe, great; iyishke

toe, little; iyush ali, iyushi

toe, the long; iyush tikba

together; aiena, iba, it, itatuklo

together, to cause to be or go;
apehachi

together with; aiena, apiha, iba

toil, torksali

toil, to; pilesa, toksali, yichina

token; isht alhpisa, nan isht ikhana

token of respect, nan isht aiokpachi

told; aianowa, anoa

tolerable; alhpesa, chohmi

tolerably, chohmi

tolerate, to; apesa, ome ahni

toll, alhtoba

toll, to; atobbi, ola, olachi

toll bridge, iti patalhpo alhtoba ahoyo

toll gate, okhisa alhtoba ahoyo

tomahawk, iskifushi

tomahawk, to; iskifushi

tomb; ahollohpi, hatak aholopi, hatak illi
aiasha, sipalka

tomboy, alla haksi

tombstone, ahollopi tali hikia

tome, holisso

tomorrow; onna, onnaha, onnakma

tomorrow, after; mishshakma

tomtit, biskantak

ton; weki talepa sipokni tuklo, yamohmi

tone, ola

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

585

tongs; botona, tali isht kiseli, uski botona

tongs, cane; kapash

tongs, fire; luak isht kiseli

tongs, flesh; nipi isht kapash, nipi isht
kafa

tongue (language); anumpa, okla

tongue (organ of speech), iswnlash

tongue-tied, iswnlash illi

tonic; ikhirsh nipi kallochi, ikhinsh okcha-
lechi

tonight, himak ninak

too; ak, atapa

tool; isht torksali, nan isht tonksali

tool for hewing stone, fala

toot, to; olachi

tooter, olachi

tooth, noti

tooth, cheek; noti isht itibi

tooth, corner; noti chukbi

tooth, double; noti bolukta, noti pokta,
noti polukta

tooth, front; noti ibish, noti tikba

tooth edge, noti shakaya

toothache, noti hotupa

toothbrush, noti isht kasholichi

toothpick; noti isht shinli, shinli

top; apaknatka, nushkobo, pakna, pak-
naka, tabokaka, wishakchi

top (for spinning), na hita

top, to; ishatichi, tabli, umpohomo

top of a hill, nanih paknaka

top of a side, bok wiheka

top of a tree, iti wishakchi

top of the foot, iyi paknaka

top of the head; bokko, iyatoboka, nush-
kobo tabokaka

top of the milk, pishukchi pakna

toper, okishko shati

tophet, aiokpuloka

topic; anumpa, anumpa nushkobo, nana

topped; tapa, umpoholmo

topple, to; kinafa

torch, pala

torch pan, luak apala

torch-holder, apala

torchlight, to make a; palali

torment; ilbasha, isikkopa, isikkopali

torment, to; ilbashachi, isikkopalechi,
isikkopali

tormented; ilbasha, ilbashachi, isikkopa,
isikkopalechi, isikkopali, issikkopa

torn; tilafa, tilalankachi, tilahi

torn up, fakowa

tornado, mati chito

586

torpid; ili, nusilhha, shimoha

torpor; ili, nusilhha

torrent, oka yanallipalhki

torrid; lashpa, lua

tortoise; hachotakni, luksi, luksi chito

torture; holupa, nukhammi

torture, to; holtupali, nukhammachi

toss, aba pila

toss, to; aba pila, pila

toss the hands and feet, to; shilaia,
shilaiyakachi

toss the head, to; kanaktakli

tossed, takakanli

tossed on the waves, paiokachi

total, moma

totality, moma

totally; bano, beka

tote, to; ia, sholi

totter, to; faiokachi

touch; isso, ishi, potoli

touch, to; anoli, ala, ataiya, bikeli, haleli,
ia, iso, whi, nukhanklochi, potoli, tebli,
tibli, tikeli

touch each other, to cause to; tike-
lichi

touch the feelings, to; chu”kash ishi

touch with the tongue, to; labbi

touchhole; haksun chiluk,
haksun chiluk

touchiness, nukoa okpulo

touchwood; iti toshbi, tashukpa

touchy, nukoa shal

tough; kamassa, kallo, pokshia

tough meat of the neck, ikistap

toughen, to; kamassalli, kallochi, kallot
1a

tour, nowat fullota

tourist, nowat fullota

touse, to; halali

tow, pinash

tow, to; halat isht arya

toward; imma, pila, pilla, pit

toward the head, ibetap pilla

toward the left, alhfabek imma

toward the speaker; awet, et

toward this place, ilappa pila

towel, nashuka isht kasholichi

tower; aboha chaha, aboha kallo chaha,
chuka chaha

tower, to; chaha

town; apetichika, tamaha

town, a certain Choctaw; Wia Takali

town, a great; tamaha chito

town, a small; tamahushi

tanampo

BUREAU OF AMERICAN

ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 46
townsman, tamaha hatak
toy; hatak holba isht washoha, “isht

washoha, na hita

toy, to; ilawalli, washoha

trace, alanfa

trace (part of harness); isuba isht shali,
isht halalli

trace (trail); anowa, hina

trace, to; iakaiya, tarfi

traced, la”fa

track; anowa, atia, hina, iyi

track, deer’s; isi anowa

track, to; silhhi

track, to cause to; silhhichi

tracker, silhhi

tract, anumpa

tractable; kostina hinla, kostini

trade; aiyamohmi, ttatoba

trade, to; itatoba

trader; itatoba, na kanchi, nan chumpa,
nan isht itatoba, nan ittatoba

trading house; aiitatoba chuka, nana
avitatoba

trading place, aiitatoba

tradition; anumpa isht auehinchi, anum-
pa kochanli, nana alhpisa

traduce, to; isht yopula

traffic, itatoba

traffic, to; itatoba

trafficker, itatoba

tragical; hatak abi, ilbashahe alhpesa,
nukharklo

trail; kahama, tohama, talaia

trail, to; silhhi

trail the grass, to; hashuk lohammichi

trailed, fohama

train; iakaiya, isht haksichi

train, to; ikhananchi, kostininchi

train of powder, hituk taya bachanya

trained, kostini

traitor; issi okla issa, kanchi

trammel, asonak atakali

trammel, to; hokli, katabli, takchi

tramp, to; nowa

tramping of horses, /itetuk

trample, to; ahabli, ahati, habli, hati,
hatichi, kahamma

trample down, to cause to;
michi

trampled, ahata

trampler; ahatichi, kahammi

trance, tasembo

tranquil; hopola, nuktanla

tranquil, to become; hopota

kaham-

BYINGTON ]

tranquilize, to; hopolachi,
nuktalali

tranquilly, nuktanlat

transact, to; apesa, apistikeli, yamihchi

transaction, nan isht atta

transactor, nan isht atta

transcend, to; abanabli, ia, imaiya

transcendent, achukma ishali

transcribe, to; albitet holissochi

transcript, holisso

tranfer, kanchi

transfer, to; alhtosholi, ia, ima, kanalli-
chi, kanchi, pota, tosholi

transferred, toshoa

transfigured, inlat toba

transform, to; inla ikbi

transgress, to; anumpa kobaffi, abanabli,
kobaffi

transgression; anuwmpa kobafa, anum-
pa kobaffi, yoshoba

trangressor; aiashachi, anumpa kobaffi

transient, chekusi ont ia

transitory, chekusi kania

translate, to; anwmpa tosholi, alhtosholi,
kanallichi, tosholi

translate slightly, to; lapalit tosholi

translated; anumpa toshoa, alhtoshoa,
ili, kania, toshoa

translation; anwmpa toshoa, toshoa, tosholi

translator; anumpa tosholi, alhtosholi,
tosholi

transmit, to; pila

transmit toward, to; awechi

transparency; shohkawali

transparent, shohkalali

transpire, to; haiaka, yamohmi

transpire at, to; ayakohmi

transport, to; ia, yukpali

transpose, to; alhtoboa

trap; isht hokli, isht albi

trap, to; hokli, isht albi talali

trash; chopilhkash, chupilhkash, polhkash

trash, to; shinfi

travail, hotupa

travail, to;
eshichi, hotupa, ishi, nowa

travel, to; akka itanowa, akkahika, akka-
likat arya, akkanowa, akkaya, atia, arya,
itanowa, nowa, nowat arya, nowat fullota

travel with, to; ibanowa

traveled, anowa

traveler; a”ya, hatak nowat arya, ita-
nowa, na hollo itanowa, nowa, nowat

arya

hopolalli,

alla eshachit ipalammi,

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW. LANGUAGE 587

traveling companion, ihbanowa

traverse, to; lopulli

tray; ifampo, iti kula

treacherous, a’li

treachery; aia’li, arti, haksichi

tread; habli, nowa

tread, to; habli, hali, kahammi, lohammi,
tuhammi, nowa

tread down, to cause to; lohuwmmichi

tread into, to; ahablichi

tread into the ground, to; ahatichi

tread on, to; ahabli, ahali, hika

tread on, to make; ahablichi, ahatichi,
hablichi, hatichi

tread there, to; ahabli

tread under foot, to; ahalichi

treader; ahablichi, ahalichi, habli, hati

treadle (belonging to a loom), ahabli

treasure; ilatyak, na holitompa, na
holitopa, nan tlayak, nana imilanyak

treasurer, tali holisso ishi

treasury; tali holisso aboti, tali holisso
auitola

treat, to; aiokpachi, anumpuli, anya,
halalli, ipeta, nana kanihchi

treater; isht aiokpachi, isht anumpuli

treatise; anumpa, holisso

treatment, yamohmi

treaty; anumpa, holisso holitopa

treble, inluhmi

treble, to; inluhmi

tree; api, iti

tree, a certain; tokam

tree, chestnut; olapi

tree, cottonwood; shumbala

tree, cypress; sha”kolo

tree, dead; iti ili

tree, domesticated; iti alhpoa

tree, dry; iti shila

tree, fallen; iti kina/a, iti kinali, iti yiteha

tree, good; yat

tree, large; iti chito

tree, leaning; ii waiya

tree, slender; iti /abassa

tree, standing; iti hikia

tree, to; oiyachi

tree, turpentine; tiak

tree lying across a creek, salbash

tree turned up by the roots, itakchu-
lakto

tree without limbs, /ako

tremble, to; nukshichaiakachi, nukwan-
nichi, nukwimekachi, wannichi, yalatha,
yitiya, yulichr

588

trembling; ilapissa, nukwannichi, wan-
nicht

tremendous; chilo, palammi

tremor, wannichi

tremulous, wannichi

trench, yakni kula ayanalli

trench, to; kulli, pataffi

trencher; itampo, iti kula aiimpa

trespass, yoshoba

trespass, to; ashachi, okpani, yoshoba

trespasser, yoshoba

tress, yushbonoli

trial; momaka pisa, pisa

trial, to make a; imomaka pisa

triangle, hanaiya

triangle, to make a; hanaiyachi °

triangular, hanaiya

tribe; aiunchululli, apetichi, apetichika,
aiunchololi, isht aiunchululli, isht atiaka,
okla

tribe, a single; okla chafa

tribe, a small; oklushi

tribulation, isikkopali

tribunal, nan apesa abinili

tributary people, yuka okla

tribute; aba isht aiokpachi, nushkobo
atobbi, nushkobo chumpa, nushkobo isht
chumpa

tribute, to put to; nushkobo atobbichi

trick; fappo, haksichi, isht haksichi

trick, to; haksichi

tricked, haksi

trickle, to; lotohachi, shinilli, yanalli

tricky, haksichi shal

triennial, afammi tuchinakma

trier; momaka pisa, pisa

trifle, nana iskitinusi

trifle, to; dlaualli, isht yopula

trifler, isht yopula

trigger; ahalalli, tanampo ahalalli

trill, to; taloa afalamoa, yanalli

trim, to; aiskiachi, amo, emo, imanukfila
tuklo, natichi, notichi, okmilalichi, shema,
shemachi, yushkabalichi, yushkilalichi

trimmed; aiskia, almo, naha, naksish
naha, shema, yushkabali, yushkoboli

trimmer, anumpa intuklo

Trinity, the; Chihowa

trinket, isht washoha

trip; isso, lasalichi

trip, to; apakchiloffi, batammi, ibetabli,
lasalichit akkachi, nowa pathki

tripe, iskuna

triple, inluhmi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL 46

tripped up, apakchilofa

tripper, tu™shpat nowa

trite; tipa, sipokni

triturate, to; lapushkichi, pushechi

triturated; lapushki, pushi

triumph, imaiya

triumph, to; hila, imaiya

triumphant, imaiya

troat, to; linsa

trochings, isi lapish filamminchi

trodden; anowa, hala

trodden down; ahala, kahama, lohama,
tuhama, tukama

trodden on; ahabli, ahata

trodden soft, litoa

trollop, fullokachi

troop, tashka chipota

troop, to; itanowa, itanaha

trooper, isuba omanili tashka

trophy, na wehpoa

trot, yahyachi

trot, to; yahyachechi, yahyachi

trot, to make; yahyachechi

trotter, yahyachi

trouble; ataklama, ilbasha, nan inkanimi

trouble, to; ahchibali, anuktuklochi,
anumpulechi, apistikeli, ataklammi, atak-
lamoli, ilbashali, kanthmi, nukoachi

trouble water, to; pialichi

troubled; ataklama, ilbasha, komunta

troubler; anumpulechi, apistikeli, atak-
lamoti, ataklamotichi

troublesome; acheba, ahchiba, apistikeli,
isht afekommi, itakhapuli, komota

troublesome, to cause to be;
bachi, itakhapulichi

troublous; achukma, isht afekommi

trough; avilhpeta, iti kula, iti peni, pent

trough, long; iti kula falaia

trough, water; oka aialhto

trousers, obala foka

trout; nani shupik, sakli

trowel, lukfi isht patasalli

truant, intakobi

truck; itatoba, iti kalaha

truck, to; itatoba

truckle, to; nutaka ia

true; aarti, aiattishke, anti, apissanli,
alhpesali, nan tmaianti

true, to make; a”lichi

true heart, chu”kash anti

trueness; aianli, arti

truly; arti, avtit, hatoshke, mati

truly, to act; anti

achi-

BYINGTON ]

truly, to speak; atit achi

trump, isht pu®/fa

trump, to; itannali

trumpery, nan chokushpa

trumpet; isht pu®/fa, lapish

trumpeter, isht pu”folachi

truncate, to; koluffi

truncated, kolofa

trunk (body), haknip

trunk (for clothing), itombi

trunk (tree, etc.), api

trunk maker, itombi ikbi

trunk of an elephant, ibishakni

truss, to; takchi

trust; aianukcheto, yimmi

trust, to; ahekachi, aianukcheto, anuk-
cheto, yimmt

trusted, aheka

trustee, hatak nan apistikeli alhtuka

truster, nan ahekachi

trusting, anukcheto

trusty; ali, anukcheta hinla, kallo

truth; aianli, arti

truth, to establish the; alichi

truthless, aia’li keyu

try, to; kashoffichi, momaka pisa, pisa

try to do, to; ibawichi

try to do so, to; yohmit pisa

tub; itampo chito, oka aialhto

tube, ayanalli

tubercle; hichi, hichushi, tanlakchi

tuck, to; fohki, shamallichi

tucker, inuchi

Tuesday, nitak hollotuk immisha

tuft; bafalli talaia, lukoli

tug; halalli, isht halalli

tug, to; halat isht arya, halalli

tuition, ikhananchi

tumble, to; aiyuwma, kinafa, tonnoli, ton-
nolichi

tumbled; aiyokoma, aiyuwma

tumbler, iaualli

tumbler, glass; kobli

tumefied, shatali

tumefy, to; shatalichi

tumor, kachombi

tumult, kitihachi

tun, italhfoa chito

tune, taloa

tune, to; taloa, taloat takalichi

tune, to make a; taloa ikbi

tune, to set a; taloa isht ia

tuner, faloa

tunic, ilefoka

A DICTIONARY OF THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 089

tunnel; aiani, isht bicheli, oka abicha, oka
aisht bichelr

turban; aiatipa, bita, iachuka, ‘iatipa,
nantapaski iatipa

turban, king’s; minko imiachuka

turban, to; biteli, bitelichi, wiachuka,
tachukolechi, iachukoli, iatipeli, tatipe-
Licht

turbaned; bita, iachuka, ialipa

turbid, liteha

turbulent, haksi

turf, iswba aiitintimiya

turgid; shatali, shatabli

turkey; akavk chaha, fakit

turkey, a hen; /akit ishke, fakit tek

turkey, a male; /akit nakni

turkey, a very young; Dili®sbili

turkey, a young; /akit ushi

turkey, a young male; /akit kuchatkak

turkey cock; /fakit homatti, fakit nakni

turkey’s egg, fakit ushi

turkey’s spur, fukit inchahe

turn; fotoha, fotoli

turn, to; afinni, afolichi, anukpiliffi,
anukpiloli, ashana, ashannichi, chanalli,
chasallichi, chanaha, fahattakachi, fahfuli,
falama, filema, filemachi, filimmikachi,
fololichi, fotoli, shanaia, shanaiachi, shan-
aiachi, shanali, shananchi, shaneli, shana,
shanachi, shanni, tasembochi, tonnolichi

turn about or around, to; «a/ololichi,
chanahachi, chanichi

turn askew, to; shanaioli

turn at, to; afalama

turn away, to; /ilamolechi, jilamoli,
filammi, filimmi

turn away, to cause to; /ilemotechi

turn away from, to cause to; _/ilammi-
chi

turn back, to; ajfilimmi

turn back and forth, to; /ilehkachi

turn back at, to; afalama

turn back or about, to; falama

turn backwards and forwards,
Jilemoa

turn noses and lips, to; ibakpishinli

turn off, to; jfichapoli, fichabli

turn off, to cause to; jfichablichi

turn out, to; kuchichi

turn out of doors, to; aboha kuchichi

turn over, to; ajfilimmi, chanallichi,
filemat itola, filemoti, filimmi, fitilimms,
lipeli, tipoli

turn over, to cause to; filimmicht

to;

590

turn over and over, to; /filemoa

turn over back, to; afilema

turn over on the face, to; lipkachi

turn round, to; chanaha, hannanuki

turn round, to cause to; /filimmichi,
fololichi, folotolichi

turn sideways, to; naksi

turn sour, to; hauashkochi

turn suddenly, to; filetakachi

turn there, on, or over, to; amati

turn to, to; welt

turn up, to; apelulichi, bokusa, ibakchush-
lichi, lobbi, potomoa

turn up, to cause to; ibakchishinlichi

turn up by the roots, to; lobafa, lobaffi,
lobati, lopa

turn up the edge, to; ahalupa anukpi-
lift

turncoat; falama, filammi, issa

turned; anukpilefa, anukpiloa, ashana,
ashakachi, homi, shanaia, shana

turned away; /filama, jilamoa

turned back; /alama, falamoa, filema

turned down, puta

turned from, /ilamoa

turned over; ilemoa, fitilema, lpia,
lipkacht

turned round, /filema

turned up; apelua, ibakchushli

turned up by the roots; lobajfa, lobali

turner, fotoli

turning, /ilekachi

turning back; falama, falamaka, falamoa

turning back, to cause a; a/filimmichi

turnip, tanip

turnip, wild; hichi

turnkey, ashannichi

turpentine, tiak nia

turpitude, okpulo

turtle, a species of; walwa

turtle, loggerhead; hachotakni

turtle, sea; hachotakni okhata asha

turtle, soft-shelled; halwa, walwa

turtle, striped-headed; /uksi bashka

turtle dove, pachi yoshoba

tusk; isht itibbi, not, note isht rtibi

tusk of an elephant, hatak lusa iryan-
nash noti isht itibbr

tutor; hatak ikhananchi, nan ikhananchi

tutoress, ohoyo ikhananchi

twain, tuklo

twang, ola

twang, to; ola, olachi, tinkturkachi

twelfth, isht auahchafa

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

twelve, auah tuklo

twentieth; isht pokoli, pokoli

twenty; pokoli

twenty times, pokoli

twice; atuklaha, hituklaha

twice, to do; hituklanchi, tuklochi

twig; bisali, fuli

twilight; okpolusbi, okshachobi

twilight, to become; okshachobi

twilight, to cause; okshachobichi

twin, haiywp

twin-born; haiyup atta, ibaiatta

twine; ponohonulla, ponokallo

twine, to; a/foli, ishi

twinge, to; hotupa, hotupali

twinkle, to; chalhchakachi

twinkle, to cause to; chalhchakachechi

twinkling, chalhchakachi

twins, haiyup

twirl, to; shanaiachi, tonnoli, tonnolichi

twist; honula, pana, shana

twist, to; apinni, ashana, bochusa,
bochusachi, honola, honula, okatoli,
shanaiachi, shanaioli, shananchi, shaneli,
shana, shanachi, yimyikechi

twist of tobacco, hakchuma shana

twist on or at, to; ashanni

twist on, to cause to; ashannichi

twist round, to; apakshanni

twist together, to; pana, panni

twisted; apakshana, ashana, ashakachi,
bochusa, chikisana, chikisanali, honula,
pana, shanaia, shanaioa, shana

twister, honola

twisting, yiryiki

twit, to; miha

twitch, halal

twitch, to; fullottokachi, halali, tachakat
ishi, yalattakachi, yullicht

twitching, yalatha

twitter, to; yukpa

two; tuklo, turklo

two, even; tuklona

two to do; tuklochi

two, to extend to; tuklona

two, to make; tuklo, tuklochi

two, to reach to; tuklona

two, to take; tuklochi

two-edged; halupa
halupa

two-edged knife, bashpo itala”kla halupa

two to go together, itiachi

two together; itatuklo, itachanaia

two-tongued, isunlash tuklo

tuklo, itatarkla

BYINGTON ]

twofold, inluhmi

type; holisso atoba, isht alhpisa, isht
inchurwa

tyrannical; hallo, palammi

tyrannize, to; isikkopalit petichi

tyrant, palammichi

ubiquity, himona achafanlit kanima anta

udder, ipishik

ugly; aiukli, okpulo, pisa aiukli keyu,
pisa okpulo

ulcer; atta, chukfi nishkin, liahpo, tachowa

ulcer, an old; okchushba

ulcer in the throat, chakwa

ulcerate, to; lachowa, lachowachi

ulcerated, lachowa

ulcerated bone, foni toshbi

ulcerous, fachowa laua

ulterior, misha

ultimate; isht aiopi, mishapilla

ultimately; isht aiopi, polanka

ululate, to; shakapa, tahbi

umbilicus, hatambish

umbrage, hoshontika

umbrageous; hoshontika, oktili

umbrella, isht ilehoshontikachi

unabated, shippa

unable, lauwechi

unacceptable, achukma

unaccepted; ishi, kanchi

unaccustomed, yohmi

unacquainted, ikhana

unadvisable; achukma keyu, alhpesa

unaffected, a”li

unaided, apela

unallowed, alhpesa

unalterable, inlahe keyu

unanimated, aiyimita

unanimity, imanukfila

unanimous, imanukfila achafa

unappalled, nukshopa

unapproved, alhpesa

unapt; achukma, alhpesa, ikhanahe keyu

unasked, asilhha

unassisted, apela

unattainable, ishahe keyu

unattended; ilap achafa, ilap bano

unawaked, okcha

unaware, ahni

unbacked, omanili keyu

unbaked, palaska

unbar, to; tuwi

unbecoming, alhpesa

unbegotten; bilia, ikbi

unbelief; na yimmi, yimmi

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

d91

unbeliever, yimmi

unbend, to; apissalli

unbent; apissa, chasala

unbiased, kanimachi

unbidden, anoa

unbind, to; hotofi, hotolichi, titoffi, titoli

unblemished;
tksho

unblushing, hofah iksho

unboiled, honni

unbolt, to; twwr

unborn; atta, himmak

unbosom, to; haiakat anoli

unbought, chumpa

unbound; hototi, talakchi

unbounded, ataha iksho

unbraided, shihachi

unbridle, to; shu/fi

unbroken; koba/a, kostini, litoa

unbuckle, to; litoffi

unburden, to; fohachi

unburied, hollopi

unburnt; hollokmi, lua

unbutton, to; fali haksi mitiffi

uncalled; ano, i”hoa

uncandid, anti

unceasing, bilia

unceded, kanchi keyu

uncertain; aia’li ikakostinincho, akosti-
ninchi, chishba, kaniohmi chishba

unchain, to; yuka issachi

aokpuloka iksho, lusa

unchangeable; inlahe keyu, shanaiahe
keyu
unchastised, fama

unchecked, olabbi

uncheerful, yukpa

unchopped, cha”ya

unchristian, aba anumpa ahalaia keyu
unchurch, to; aba anumpuli iksa kuchi
uncivil, hopoyuksa keyu

uncivilized, hopoksia

uncle; anki, amoshi, hatak tinkba, imoshi
unclean; kashofa, okpulo
uncleanness, yoshoba

uncleansed, kashofa

unclinch, to; ibbak wattachi, wattacht
unclog, to; aiskiachi

unclose, to; fatummi, tuwi

unclothe, to; shu/i

unclouded, masheli

uncloudy, hoshontika

uncocked, hika

uncoiled, chanaha

uncollected; i”shi, itanaho

592

uncombed, shilla

uncomely, achukma

uncomfortable, achukma

uncommanded; ano, alhpesa

uncommon, yohmi

uncomplaining, nan ikmiho

uncompounded, ibafoka

unconcern; ahoba, nan ikimahobo

uncondemned, anumpa onutula

unconfined, talakchi

uncongealed, kalampi

unconnected, achaka

unconquerable, imaiya

unconquered, imaiya

unconscious; akostininchi, ikhana

unconsoled, hopola

unconstant; achunanchi, aiokpacht

unconsumed, okpulot iktaho

uncontrollable, nutaka iahe keyu

unconverted, inlat toba

uncork, to; kama

uncorrected, aiskia

uncorrupt, shua

uncounted, holhtena

uncouple, to; shw%fi

uncouth; inla, sipokni

uncover, to; shu”/i

uncovered; shahbi, shunfa

unction; ahama, ahammi, isht ahama

unctuous; bila, nia

uncultivated; atoksali, toksalt

uncured, lakoffi

undam, to; kinaffi

undaunted; nukshompiksho, nukwia tk-
sho

undecayed; taha, toshbi

undeceive, to; haiakachi

undeceived, haiaka

undecided, akostininchi

undemolished, kinafa

undeniable, a”li, lushka

under; nuta, nutaka

under a hill, okkattahaka

under foot; iyinuta, lohama, nutaka

under side, nutaka

underbrush; atanabli, shawwa

undergarment; ilefoka, na foka lumbo

undergird, to; akkasiteli

undergo, to; ilbasha, lopulli

underground, yakni anu"kaka

underground, a burning; yakni anu?-
kaka lua

undergrowth, atanabli

underhand; Juma, makali

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

underlay, to; nutaka boli

undermine, to; akishtala kullit kinaffi,
nutaka yakni kulla

undermost, nutaka fehna

underneath, nutaka

underpin, to; intula boli

underpinning; chuka aiontala, intula

underrate, to; aiilli onanchi

understand, to; akostininchi, anuk-
Johka, ikhana, ikhana, imponna, nukfoka

understand, to cause to; nukfokachi

understand a book, to; holisso ithana

understanding; avikhana, anukfohka,
ikhana, manukfila, imponna, kostint

understanding of man, hatak imanukfila

undertake, to; ia

undertaker; hatak halalli, hatak immirko,
ilhtohno

undervalue, to; aiilli onanchi

undersigned, ahni

undesirable; ahni, arti

undetected, haiaka

undetermined; achi, akostininchi, apesa

undignified, alhpesa

undirected, ano

undisciplined, kostina

undisguised, /wma

undissembled; haiaka, lwma keyu

undissembling, haiaka

undissolved; abila, alhkomo, bila

undistinguishable; akostininchahe keyu,
pisahe keyu

undisturbed, atakalam iksho

undivided; achafa, kashapa

undo, to; akshuchi, titoffi, okpani

undone; alhtaha, okpulo

undoubted, ali

undress, to; shu”/i

undressed, shu”/a

undried, shila

undue; «aialhtoba ikono kinsha, alhpesa

undulate, to; banakachi, fahakacht

unduly; atapa, alhpesa

unduteous, antia

undutiful, antia

unearned, asitabi

uneasiness; komunta, nukhammi

uneasy; komota, komunta

uneasy, to render; komwntachi

uneasy in mind, imanukfila komunta

uneducated, holisso ikithano

unembarrassed; anuktuklo,
iksho, nukwia iksho

unengaged; alhtuka keyw, wlhtohno keyu

atakalam

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY

unenvied, nukkilli keyu

unequal; itilaui, itilawi
lauechr

unequally, ifilaui

unequivocal; apissanli, haiaka

uneven; bamboki, bombaki, chukashaya,
itilaui, pompokachi, pompoki, shikowa

uneven, to make; bambakichi

unexecuted, alhtaha

unexhausted, fai

unexpected, haksinchi

unexpectedly, haksint

unexpectedly, to arrive; haksint ala

unexpert, imponna

unexposed; haiaka, lwma

unfaded, kashofa

unfading, kasho/fahe keyu

unfailing, tahahe keyu

unfair; a’li, haksi

unfaithful, ali

unfashionable, aiyamohmi keyu

unfasten, to; shui, twwi

unfavorable, achukma

unfeared, nukshopa

unfeeling; anukfilli, imanukfila kallo

unfeigned, a”li

unfence, to; holihta okpani

unfenced, holihta

unfertile, waya

unfetter, to; litoffi, shunfi

unfettered; titofa, shunfa

unfinished, alhtaha

unfirm; allo, liposhi

unfit, alhpesa

unfixed, aiutta ikithano

unflinching, achillita

unfold, to; anoli, haiakachi, tuwi, watali,
watama, watammi, wattachi

unfolded; haiaka, tiwa, watama

unfortunate; imaleka, poafa, poyafo

unfound, haiaka

unfriended, kana

unfriendly, kana

unfruitful, waya

unfurl, to; wakama, wakamoa, wakamoti,
watalr

unfurled; wakama, wakamoa

unfurnish, to; ishi

unfurnished, ikimiksho

ungear, to; weli

ungenerous; aiokpanchi keyu, nan iho-
litopa

ungenial, achukma

ungenteel, alhpesa

$4339°— Bull, 46—15

tksho, laue,

38

OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

593

ungentle, kostini

ungird, to; mitiffi, shu”fi

ungodliness, Chihowa ikimantio

ungodly, Chihowa ikimantio

ungovernable; imantiahe keyu, kostinahe
keyu, tasembo

ungoverned, kostini

ungranted; ima keyu, kanchi keyu

ungrateful; aiokpanchi, imahaksi

unguarded, ahah ahni

unguent, isht ahama

unhallowed, holitopa

unhandsome; aiukli, anti

unhandy, imponna

unhappily, i/basha

unhappy; i/bashahe
komunta, yukpa

unhardened; kamassa, kallo

unharmed; nana kaniohmi iksho, okpulo,
okpulo isht irshat va

unharness, to; weli

unhatched, hofalli

unhealthy; achukma, aiabeka

unheard, haklo

unhelped, apela

unhesitating, anuktuklo iksho

unhinge, to; shi, shunfi

unholy; achukma, holitopa

unhonored, holitopa

unhorse, to; akkapila

unhouse, to; aboha kuchichi

unhumbled, chu”kash akkalusi keyu

unhurt, hotupa

unicorn, pod lapish achafa

uniform, mih

uniform (dress), tashka chipota isht shema

unimpaired, achukma moma

unimportant, na fehna keyu

unindebted, aheka iksho

uninformed; akostininchi, ikhana

uninhabitable, hatak aiattahe keyu

uninhabited, aiokla

uninjured, okpulo

uninterested, ahalaia

unintermitted, bilia

uninterrupted, atakalam iksho

uninvited, ano

union; ibafoka, ibalhkaha

unit, achafa

unite, to; achakali, fohki, ibafoka, iba-
Soki, itatuklo

unite, to cause one to; ibafokichi

unite with a class, clan, or denomi-
nation, to; iksa ibafoka

alhpesa, komota,

594 BUREAU

united, achaka, chukulbi, ibafoka

United States; Miliki,
na hollo yakni

united to the church, aba anumpuli
ibafoka

unity; achafa, ibafoka

universal; moma, okluha

universalist, okcha”ya

universe, nana toba puta

unjoint, to; ahokoffi, hokoffi

unjointed; ahokofa, hokofa

unjust; achukma, avti

unkind; halhpa”sha iksho, kana

unkindness, kana

unknown; chishba, ikhana

unlaid, boli

unlawful, achukma

unlearn, to; imahaksi

unlearned; holisso
nan tkithano

unless; amba, keyukma

unlike, holba

unlikely, tokomi

unlimited, aiali iksho

unlink, to; litoli

unliquidated, chilofa

unload, to; fohobli, kuchi

unloaded; /ohopa, kucha

unloader, fohobli

unlock, to; (iwi, twwi

unlocked, tiwa

unloose, to;
lichi, mitiffi

unloosed; litofa, litofkachi

unlovely; achukma, hollohe keyu

unlucky; imateka, poafa

unmade, foba

unmake, to; okpani

unman, to; hobak tobachi, ishi

unmanageable, kostinahe keyu

unmanaged; ikhana, kostini

unmanly; hobak toba, makali

unmannerly, hopoyuksa keyu

unmarked; ahni, basha, ta*fa

unmarried, auaya

unmarried man, hatak ohoyo ikimiksho

unmask, to; haiakachi

unmeasured; alhpesa, lawa

unmeditated, anuk/filli

unmelted; alhkomo, bila

unmerciful, nukha"klo iksho

unmerited, asitabi

unmilked, bishahchi

unmindful; ahah ahni, imahaksi

ithana, imahaksi,

litofli, titoli, mitefa, mite-

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

Miliki yakni,

[ BULL. 46

unmingled; aiywma, ali, ibukaha

unmixed, ibakaha

unmolested, atakalam iksho

unmoved, kanalli

unnamed, hochifo iksho

unnatural; imavka, yohmi chatuk keyu

unnerve, to; kotachi

unnerved, kota

unnoticed, aiokpachi

unnumbered; «aholhtina iksho, holhtena,
holhtina atapa

unoffended; chukash ikhotopo, nukoa

unopened; /atoma, tiwa, wakammi

unowned; immi, impushnayo iksho

unpack, to; fiabli

unpaid; alhchilofa, alhtoba, chilofa

unpalatable, kashaha

unpardonable; imahaksahe keyu, kasho-
Jahe keyu

unpardoned; imahaksi, kashofa

unpassable, fopullahe keyu

unpeaceable; batshkiksho, nukoa

unperceived; ahni, ikhana

unperforated; lukafa, tukali, lumpa

unpin, to; chufak ushi shueli

unpinned, chufak ushi shuekacht

unpitied, nukha’klo

unpleasant, achukma

unpleased, yukpa

unpliant; kamassa, walohbi keyu

unplowed, pata/a

unpopular, anonowa achukma keyu

unpracticed; ikhana, imponna

unprejudiced; imanukfila alhpesa, nuk-
tala keyu ,

unpremeditated; ahni, anukfillituk keyu

unprepared; alhtaha, imalhpisa

unprincipled; haksi, imanukfila achafa
keyu

unprofitable; achukma, aiisht ilapisahe
keyu

unprovided, imalhpisa

unprovoked, nukoa

unpublished; anoa, haiaka

unpunished, fama

unqualified; imalhpisa, ona

unquenchable, mosholahe keyu

unransomed, fako/ffi

unravel, to; haiakachi, tivfa, mitetichi,
sheli, shirfa, shinfi, shinfkachi, shiha,
shoeli

unraveled; ?tinfa, shinfa, shifkachi, shiha

unravels, one who; shivfi

unreached, ona

BYINGTON | A DICTIONARY OF

unread; holisso ikithano, pisa

unreadiness, imalhtaha

unready; alhtaha, imalhpisa

unreasonable, alhpesa

unreceived, i”shi

unreconciled, hopola

unrecoverable; ishit fohki, takoffahe keyu

unrecovered, fakoffi

unredeemed, /ako/fi

unreformed; hopoyuksa, kostini

unregarded, aiokpachi

unregenerate, himmona iktobo

unrelated; iksa keyu, isht atiaka keyu

unrelenting; hallo, nukhatklo iksho

unrelieved; dakoffi, nuktala

unremembered; itkhana, imahaksi

unremitted; bilia, kashofa

unremoved, kanalli

unrenewed, himmona iktobo

unrepaid; alhtoba, falammint alhtoba

unrepealed, kashofa

unrepentant, nukhatklo

unreserved; ilatoba, luhmi keyu, mo-
mincht

unresisted, atakalam iksho

unrespected, aiokpachi

unrewarded, alhtoba

unrighteous, achukma

unripe; lakna, nuna, okchanki

unroll, to; twwr

unroof, to; tiabli

unruffied; chulosa, nuktala

unruly; haksi, isht afekommi

unsaddle, to; ishi

unsaddled, isuba umpatalhpo akama

unsafe, imateka hinla

unsaid, achi

unsalted, hapi yammi

unsatisfied, /fihopa

unscattered, /imimpa

unschooled, holisso ikithano

unscorched; anakshor/a, anakshua

unscrew, to; (¢ali shana shu®/fi

unseal, to; mitelichi, mitiffi

unsealed; kamassa, tiwa

unsearchable; Juma, pisahe keyu

unseasonable, alhpesa

unseasoned; hapi yammi, kallo, kashaha,
shila

unseated, binili

unseemly, alhpesa

unseen; lwma, pisa

unsettle, to; kinafi, kanallicht

unsettled; anta, binili

THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE

unshackle, to; lito/fi

unshaded, hoshontika

unshaken; ilhkoli, kamassa, kallo

unshamed, hofah iksho

unsheath, to; shw?/i

unshed; boya/fa, latapa

unship, to; kuchi

unshot; nala, okshillita, tukafa

unskilled, imponna

unsmooth, ifilawi

unsocial, anumpuli

unsoiled, lusa

unsold, kanchi keyu

unsolicited, asilhha

unsolid, kullo

unsought, hoyo

unsound; abeka, ati, kallo

unsowed, /ima

unsown, /ima

unsparing;
iksho

unspent, fali

unspilt, fatapa

unspoiled; okpulo, wehpoa

unspotted; kashofa, lusa

unstable; ali, imanukfila apissanli keyu,
kallo

unstaid, imanukfila achafa keyu

unsteady; iJaiyuka takoli shati, inla shali

unstop, to; shu®fi, tuwi

unstopped; shu”/a, tiwa

unstored, boli

unstrained; holuya, lumasi

unstring, to; fitoffi, mitiffi, shurfi

unstudied, anukfilli

unsubdued; imaiya, kostini

unsuccessful, aianli

unsuitable; alhpesa, imarka

unsuited, alhpesa

unsullied, /usa

unsung; alhtalwa, taloa

unsunned, holufka

unsupplied; alhtaha, imalhpisa

unsupported, apela

unsuspected, ahni

untainted; okpulo, shua

untaken; hokli, ishi

untamable; hopoyuksahe keyu, kostinahe
keyu

untamed; honayo, hopoyuksa

untasted; apa, ishkot ikpeso

untaught; holisso ithana, ikhana

unteachable, tkhanahe keyu

unthankful; aiokpanchi, aiokpanchi keyw

tlatomba keyu, nukhanklo

596

unthawed, bila

unthinking; ahni, anuk/filli

untie, to; hotofi, hototichi, litoa, titofa,
litoffi, litofkachi, titoli, mitefa, mitetichi,
mitiffi

untie, to cause to; litoffichi, titolichi

untied; hototi, litofa, ltitofkachi, litoha,
mitefa, miteti

until; aiali, takla, ta*kla

untimely, aiona

untirable, tikabi

unto, aiali

untold, anoa

untouched, potoli

untoward, kostini

untraveled; anowa, nowa

untried; momaka ikpeso, pisa

untrodden, anowa

untroubled, atakalam iksho

untrue; ali, holabi

untruly; ali, holabi

untruth; a”li, holabi

untwine, to; fatwmmi

unusual, yohmi fehna keyu

unutterable, anoli

unvalued; aiilli atapa, holitobli keyu,
holitopa atapa

unviolated; kobafa, okpulo

unwarped; chasaloha, chasala

unwary, ahah ahni

unwashed, kashofa

unwashen, achefa

unwealthy; holitopa, imilayak iklauo

unwearied; achuwnanchi, tikabi

unweighed; weki, wekichi

unwelcome, aiokpanchi

unwell; abeka, nipi ikinchukmo

unwept, yaiya

unwholesome, achukma

unwieldy; chito, weki

unwilling; ahni, banna, haklo, ilafoa

unwind, to; hotofi, litofa, titoffi, ltitoha,
litol

unwise; hopoyuksa, kostini

unwittingly, ikithano

unwomanly, ohoyo keyw chohmi

unwonted; achaya, inla,yohmichatuk keyu

unworthy; achukma, ahoba

unwound; litofa, titofkachi

unwounded; basha, chaya,
ikhotopo, nata

unwritten; holisso, larfa

unyielding; bikota keyu, ilafoa, nutaka
tahe keyu

churkash

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

unyoke, to; ikonlabana imaiishi

up, aba

upbraid, to; miha, mihachi

uphold, to; halalli

upholder, halalli

upland, nanih foka

uplift, to; aba takalichi

upon; 0”, on, um

upper, chaha i"shati

uppermost, chaha i"shaht tali

upright; a”ti, apissanli

uprightly, apissanlit

uproar; shakapa, yahapa

upset, to; /ilimmi, kinaffi

upshot; aiati, isht aiopi

upstart, tu”shpat holitopa toba

upstream, ibetap

upward; aba imma, aba pila, aba pilla,
imma

urbane; nuktanla, yohbi

urchin, alla haksi

urethra, hoshu wa aminti

urgent, chilita

urinate, to; hoshu™wa

urine, hoshurwa

us; hapi, hapiv, hapim, hapin, hapishno,
ke, keho, kil, kiloh, pi, piv, pim, pin,
pishno

use, isht atta

use, to; atta, nana kanihchi

used; lipa, taha

useful, achukma

useless, ahoba

usher, holisso pisachi

usual; atak, chokamo

usually; atak, beka, chatok, chatuk, cho-
kamo, ke, tak

usually so, chatok

utensil, isht torksali

utmost; aiati, isht aiopi

utter, misha

utter, to; achi, anoli, anumpuli, miha

utterable, anumpa hinla

utterance, anumpa

uttered, anumpa

utterly; amohmi, bano, momint

uttermost; isht aiopi, momint

uttermost, to do the; kanchi

uttermost part of, asetilli

vacancy, shahbi

vacant; chukillissa, iksho, kana iksho,
nana iksho, shahbi

vacant house, chukillissa

vacate, to; akshuchi, issa, kashofficht

BYINGTON |]

vacated; aksho, issa, kashofa

vacation; akshuchi, foha, holisso apisa
akucha

vaccinate, to; ikhitsh shakba fohki

vaccinated, ikhinsh shakba fohka

vaccine matter, talona

vacillate, to; faiokachi, fali, imanukjila

ilaiyuka
vacillation, faiokachi
vagabond; aiatta iksho, chuka abaiya,

chuka pulalit arya, chukbaiyacht

vagabond, to act the; chukbaiyachi

vagrant; aiatta iksho, chuka abaiya, chuk-
baiyachi, nana silhha

vagrant, to act as a; chuka abaiyachi

vague; apissali, haiaka

vain; ahoba, anti, fehnachi, ilefehnachi

vainly, ilahobbi

vale; kolokbi, okfa

valediction; aiokpachi, isht aiopi aiokpa-
chi

valet, tishu

valiant; aiyimita, kallo, nakni, nukwia
iksho ff

valid; achukma, ati, kallo, tampko

valley, ok/a

valley, a deep; kolokbi, kolokobi

valley, a level; patasachi

valley, a wide; ok/a maiha

valor; kallo, nukwia iksho

valorous, nukwia iksho

valuable, holitopa

value; aiilli, alhtoba, holitopa, vallr

value, to; aiilli onuchi, aiillichi, albichi,
holissochi, hotina, i”hollo

valued; aiilli, albi, holhtena, holitopa

van; itikba, tikba

vandyke, ikonla umpatta, na foka ilum-
patali, na foka umpatta

vane, mali isht ikhana

vanish, to; kania, mosholi

vanity; anti, fehnachi, ilefehnachi, nana
keyu

vanquish, to; imaiyachi

vanquisher, imaiyachi

vantage, imaiya

vapid; ikhomoki taha, ili

vapor, oktohbi

vapor, to; tlauata, kifilli, oktohbi

vaporer, tlauata

variable; ilaiyuka takoli shali, inla hinla,
shanaioa

variance; inla toba, itachoa

variation, inla toba

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

597

variegated, bakokukachi

variety; ilaiyuka, nan isht aiyukpahe
keyu

various; ilabinka, ilaiyuka, ilaiyukali,
kanohmi

various. to make; ilaiyukachi

varnish, to; malmakachechi

varnishing, isht alhkoha

vary, to; achowa, ilaiyukachi, inla, inla-
chi

vassal, yuka

vassalage, yuka a%sha

vast; chito, hocheto

vastness, chito

vat; aialhto, iti honni aialhto, iti isht honnt
atalhto, itombi aialhto, oka aialhto

vat, tan; ahumma, ahummachr

vault, ahollohpi

vault, to; tolupli, toluplit wakaya, tulli

vaunt, to; i/auata

vaunter, tlauata

veal, wak ushi nipi

veer, to; jfilema, filemachi, filemoa, _fite-
kachi, fitiha, fititekachi

vegetable; haiyu’kpulo, na holokchi

vegetate, to; offo

vegetation; alba, nan offo

vehicle, ashali

veil; na hata, nashuka isht umpoholmo

veil, to; luhmi, umpohomo

veiled, wmpoholmo

vein; akshish, bachaya, hakshish, issish
akshish, issish hina

vein, a big; hakshish chito

velocity; palhki, shinimpa

venal; chumpa hinla, hakst

vend, to; kanchi

vender, kanchi

vendible, kancha hinla

vendue, kanchi

venerable, holitopa

venerate, to; holissochi

venerated, holitopa

veneration, shakba tumpli

venereal disease; luak shali, yukbabi

venesection; issish i”hina tumpli, issish
imkucht

vengeance; nukoa, okha

vengeance, to take; okha

venial, hashofa hinla

venison, isi nipi

venison, dried; chohpa

venom, isht illi

venom, to; isht illi ipeta

598

venomous temper, chu"kash homi

vent; chiluk, kanchi, kucha

vent, to; anoli, kuchi

vent of firearms, haksun chiluk

venter, ushatio

ventilate, to; matichi

venture, to; amoshuli, kali, nukwia
iksho, yammak fokalecht

venturesome, yammak fokali

Venus, jichik chiio

veracity, aia™i

veranda; aboha apishia, aboha hoshontika

verbal, anumpa

verbally, anumpa

verbose, anumpa laua

verdant, okchamali

verdigris, okchamali

verdure, okchamali

verge, ali

verge, to; mahaia, maya

verified, a™7i

verify, to; aia™ichi, a™tichi

verily; ai, a"ii ho", ati mako"

verity, aii

vermes, shu™shi

vermifuge; ikhi"sh
lapchu abi

vermilion; lukfi humma, na humma, tishi
humma

vermin; poa, poa ushi

vernal, iofahpi

versatile, Uaiyuka hinla

verse; anumpa, anumpa aiatoa

versed, imponna

version, foshoa

vertebra; i®nosishboya, nali foni aiita-
chaka

vertex; nushkobo, tabokaka

vertical, tabokoa

vertigo, chukjoloha

very; ajehna, jehna, fili™ka, tapi, tokba,
tomba

very, that; fehnakma

very close by; olanlisi, olanusi

very much, iokba

very near; chekusi, olanlisi

very near, to cause to be; olanlisichi

vesicate, to; wulhkochi

vesicated, wulhko

vesicle, wulhko

Vesper, jichik chito

vespers; oltilahpi, okpolusbi

vessel; aialbiha, aialhto, ampo, peni chito

vessel, a small earthen; siufushi

shu™sh isht abi,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

vessel for boiling, alabocha

vessel used for cooking meat, nipi
ahoni

vest; ilefoka yushkololi, kolokshi, na foka
kolukshi

vest, to; fohkachi, ilakshema, ishi

vestal, Lostini

vested, johka

vestibule, othisa

vestige; aio"hikia, tyi

vestment, na fohka

vesture, na fohka

veteran; aiimomachi, sipokni, tashka
sepokni

vex, to; nukoa, nukoachi

vexation; ishi nukoa, nukoa, nukoachi

vexatious; ishi aiakalama chito, komoia

vexed; aiokpuloka, hasha™ya, nukoa,
komota

vial, kotobushi

viand; idhpak, ilimpa

vibrate, to; jahakachechi, jahakachi,
fahali, fahatichi, jahata, fahatachi

vibrated; jfahakachi, fahali, jahaia

vibration; jahakachi, jahata

vicarious, alhioba

vice, nana achukma

vice-agent, imanumpeshi

vieegerent; alhiobat atia, kapitani iak-
aiya

vicinage, bilimka

vicinity, bilimka

vicious; haksi, okpulo, yoshoba

victor, imaiya

victorious, imaiya

victory, imaiya

victual, to; pinak imatati

victualled, pinak imaliaha

victualler, pinak imaiali

victuals; holhponi, honni, ilhpak, ilimpa,
impa, tabocha, na holhponi, nan ilhpak,
nan ilimpa

vie, to; imaiya

view; apisaka, apisati, imanukjila, nish-
kin, pisa

view, to; anukflli, hopo"koyo, pisa

viewer, pisa

vigil; apistikeli, ninak aba pit anumpuli

vigilance; apistikeli, okcha

vigilant; ahah ahni, apistikeli, okcha

vigor; kallo, kilimpi

vigorous; Lamassa, kalilo

vile; akna"ka, chakapa, haksi, okpulo

vile language; anumpa okpulo, chakapa

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF

vilely, okpulo

vilely, to act; haksi

vileness, okpulo

vilify, to; chakapa, isht yopula, okpani

villa, tamahushi

village; lukoli, tamaha

village, small; tamahushi

villain; haksichi, hatak haksi, na haksv

villainous, haksi

vincible, imaiya hinla

vindicate, to; anumpuli

vindictive; nukoa, nukoa shati

vine, a; api, balalli, parkapi

vine, a species of; chukji imaseta,
kauehto

vinegar, oka hauashko

vineyard, patkapi aholokchi

viol, alepa chito

violate, to; hoklit aiissa, kobaffi, okpani

violated, okpulo

violator; hoklit avissa, kobajffi, okpani

violence; kallo, nan okpulo

violent; kallo, palammi

viper; chukfitohtoloti, sinti chilita, sinti
okpulo

virago, ohoyo chito

virgin; a’ti, himmona, kostini

virgin, a; ohoyo hatak ikhalelo, ohoyo
himmata

virtue; achukma, marti, arti, kallo,
lampko

virtuous; achukma, alhpesali, kostini
virulent; homi fehna, isht ili okpulo
virus; isht illi, okchushba

visage, nashuka

viscera, iskuna

viscerate, to; iskuna kuchi
viscid, likaha

vise, isht kiselichi

visible; haiaka, kucha, pisa hinla
visible, hardly; yawi”yawi

vision; apisaka, nan inla, pisa
visit; i”nowa, nowa, pisa

visit, to; aya, i®nowa, nowa, pisa
visitor, i”nowa

vital, aiokcharya

vitality, aiokcharya

vitals; aiisht aiokchaya, shilukpa
vitals, diseased; shilukpa tachowa
vitiate, to; okpani

vitiated, okpulo

vivacious, okcha

vivacity, okcha

vivid; okcha, shohkalali

THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 599

vivificate, to; okchalechi

vivified, yimmita

vivify, to; okchalechi

vocal, itakha

vocation, imalhtayak

vociferate, to; patya, tahpala

voice;
itakha

void; iksho, shahbi

void, to; issa, kuchi

voidable, akshucha hinla

voided, kucha

vogue, aiyamohmi

volant; heli, hika

volatile; hika, okcha

voleano, yakni anutkaka lua

volition, ahni

volley, tukati

voluble, anumpuli shali

volume, holisso

voluntary; ilap ahni, ilap ahni yamohmi

volunteer, to; ilap ahni

voluptuary, isikopa shati

vomit; hoeta, hoetachi, ikhinsh ishkot hoita

vomit, to; hoeta, hohoetachi, okissa

vomit, to cause to; hoetachi

vomit continually, to; hohoeta

vomiting; hoeta, hohoeta

voracious; impa aiyimita, impa fena

vortex, oka foyulli

vote; anumpa, atokoli, holisso

voted, alhtoka

voter, atokoli

vouch, to; anumpa kallo ilonuchi cha ia

vouchsafe, to; ome ahni

vow, anumpa kallo onutula

vow, to; anuwmpa kallo ilonuchi cha ta

vow of revenge, ilaiukha

voyage at sea, okhata chito arya

voyager, okhata chito arya

vulgar; chakapa, makali, okpulo

vulgar, the; okla makali

vulgarity; aiyamohmi makali, makali

vulnerable, nala hinla

vulture, sheki chito

anumpa, anumpuli, imanukfila,

wabble, to; shanaioa

wad; isht alhkama, isht oktapa

wadding;
impatalh po

waddle, to; kaiakachi, shaioksholi

wade, to; anowa, okokanowa

wade a river, to;
lopulli

alhpitta, isht impatta, naki

okhina akka nowat

600

wade in the water, to; oka nowa

wader, okokcnowa

wading, oka nowa

wafer; holisso isht akamassa, holisso isht
akallo, holisso isht ashana, holisso isht
alhkama

waft, to; avya, aba arya, aba isht anya

wag, hatak yopula

wag, to; kania, onchasanakli

wag the head, to; akkachunni, akka-
chunochunli

wage, to; anta, kali

wager; boli, kaha, kal

wager, to; kali

wager, to accept a; aseta

wagered, kaha

wages; alhtoba, nan alhtoba

waggish, itakhapuli shali

wagon; iti chanalli, iti chanaha

wagon, to; iti chanalli ashali, iti chanaha
isht anya, iti chanaha isht shali

wagon, hand; iti chanallushi

wagon, small; iti chanallushi, iti chanaha
iskitini, iti chanaha ushi

wagon body, iti chanalli haknip

wagon cover, iti chanaha umpoholmo

wagon load, iti chanaha alota

wagon maker, iti chanaha ikbi

wagon road; hina chito, hina patha, iti
chanalli irhina, iti chanaha i™hina

wagoner, iti chanaha isht arya

wagonful, iti chanaha alota

wail, yaiya

wail, to; nukhanklo, yaiya

wailing, yaiya

waist, iffuka

waistband, iffuka apakfopa

waistcoat; ilefoka yushkololi, na foka
koluksht
wait, to; anta, anukcheto, hoyo, hoyot

anta, nan i"hoyat arya

wait in secret, to; lwmat chinya

waiter; kafaiishko ataloha, kafaiontala,
tishu

waive, to; issa

wake, to; okcha, okchali

wakeful, okcha

wakefulness, okcha

waken, to; okchali

wakened, okcha

wakener, okchali

waker, okchali

walk; anowa, hina, nowa

walk, to; akkanowa, nowa, nowacht

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

walk, to be able to; hikia toba

walk about, to; hikikina

walk fast, to; chali, tu%shpat nowa

walk fast, to cause to; chalichi

walk in the water, to; oka nowa

walk like another, to; hobachit nowa

walk over, to; abanopoli

walk proudly, to; /ehnachi

walk slowly and softly, to; yappalli

walk through, to; lopulli

walk with, to; ibanowa

walk with, to cause to; ibanowachi

walk with short steps, to; tulolichi

walker; hikikina, nowa

walking, nowa

walking stick, tabi

wall, tali holihta

wall, to; tali holihta ikbi, tali holihta isht
apakfobli, tala isht holihtachi

wall-eyed; nishkin oktalonli,
okwalonli

walled, tali holihta isht apakfopa

waller, tali holihta ikbi

wallet; bahta, bahtushi, shukcha

wallop, to; watalli

wallow, to; okashalayi, shalati, tononol,
yupr

wallowing place, ayupi

walnut; hahe, uksak hahe

walnut tree, hahe api

wampum, oksup

wan, hanta

wand, fuli

wander, to; chuka abaiya, fullokachi,
himak fokalechit anya, himak fokalit arya,
itamoa, naksikaia, tamoa

wandered, tamoa

wanderer; /olota, yoshoba

wandering; aiyoshoba, folota,
Sokalechi

wane, to; kanchi, laua

wanness, hanta

want, to; baiyana, banna, iksho, laua,
ona

wantage, iksho

wanting; banna, iksho

wanton; haksi, hawi, haui anukfoyuka,
yopula shali, yoshoba

wanton, to; /olota,
washoha, yopula

war; itoti, tanampi, tanap

war, secretary of; tanap anumpuli

war, to; tanampi, tanap isht ashwanchi

war chief, hopaii

nishkin

himak

haksi, tlaualli,

BYINGTON ]

war club, iti tapena

war dance, pa’shi isht hila

war dancer, pa”shi ishi hila

war office, tanap anumpuli aiasha

war prophet, hopaii

war song, atalwachi

war whoop; hopatuloa, kohuachi, panya

war worn, tanap arya tikambi

war-beaten, tanap arya tikambi

warble, taloa

warble, to; taloa

warbler, taloa

ward; aboha kallo, apistikeli, holihta kallo

ward, to; apistikeli

warden, apistikeli

warder, apistikeli

wardrobe; na fohka, na foka aiasha

wares; alhpoyak, ilanyak, imilayak, nan
alhpoyak

warfare, tanap

warily, ahah ahni

warlike; hoyopa, tanap holba

warm; alohbi, alohbi, lahba,
libesha, palli

warm, to; alohbichi, lashpachi, lashpali,
libisha, libishli, lahbachi, likema, like-
machi, likimmi, nuklibisha, nuklibishli

warm, to cause to be; alolichi

warm by the sun, to; hashi inni, hashi
libisha

warm climate, alashpaka

warm over, to; hokbali

warmed; alohbi, lahba, lashpa, libisha,
nuklibisha

warmth; alohbi, lahba, lashpa, lubesha,
nuklibisha

warn, to; anoli, atohno, miha

warned; anoa, anumpa

warp, to; bochusa, bochusachi, bokusa,
chasalohacht, chasala, chasalachi, pasha-
noha

warp, to cause to; bokusachi

warp of cloth, api

warped; bochusa,
chasala

warped up, passalohah

warping bars; ahotachi, ponola ahotachi,
ponola hulhtufa

warrant, holisso

warrant, to; aiokpachi, alichi, atokoli,
tohno

warrior;
tashka

watrrioress, ohoyo tashka

lashpa,

bokusa, chasaloha,

nakni, nakni tashka, tanap,

A DICTIONARY OF THE

CHOCTAW LANGUAGE 601

wart; chilakchawa, shilukwa

wary, ahah ahni

was; atok, atuk, hatuk, hok, kamo, tok,
tuk, tukatok

was about to be, chintok, chintuk

was to be; achintok, achintuk

wash, ahchifa

wash, to; achefa, ahchifa, aieli, aielichi,
aiokami, kashoffi, okami, okamichi, yupi

wash bowl; aiokami, ampo aiachefa

wash place, aiachefa

wash room, aboha nan aiachefa

wash the hands, to; ibachifa, ibbak
achefa

washed; achefa, aicha, alhchefa, alhchifa

washed bright, okshauanli

washed clean, okshauanli

washtub; aiachefa, nan aiachefa

washwoman; nan achefa, nan achefa
ohoyo, ohoyo nan achefa

wasp, a large; tekhanto

wasp, a large yellow; chanashik

wasp, a small yellow; yakni foi, yakni
JSoishke

wasp, a yellow-striped; koafabi

waspish, nukoa shali

waste; ahoba, chukillissa, isht yupomo,
okpulo

waste, to; chunnat ia, isht yopomo,
kanchi, okpani, yukoma

waste paper, holisso okpulo

waste time, to; nitak isht yopomo

wasted; isht yopomo, okpulo, shulla

wasteful; isht yopomo shali, isht yopula

waster; isht yopomo, isht yupomo

watch; apistikeli, atoni, nam potoni,
nusi, okcha, potonr

watch (timepiece), hashi isht ikhana

watch, to; ahinna, aihchi, apistikeli,
atohni, atoni, hoporkoyo, hoyo, okcha,
potont

watch, to cause to; apistikelichi

watch crows, to; fala atoni

watch maker, hashi isht ithana ikbi

watch of the night, isht alhpisa

watch pocket, hashi isht ikhana inshuk-
cha

watch the sick, to; abeka apistikeli

watcher; abeka apistikeli, ahinna, apisti-
hela

watchful;
koyo shali

ahah ahni, apistikeli, hopon-

watchhouse, apistikeli ahikia

602 BUREAU
water; fichak, oka, okchi, okchushba,
okhata

water, astringent; oka takba

water, bitter; oka takba

water, cold; oka kapassa

water, cool; oka kapassa

water, deep; okshakla

water, fresh; oka kapassa

water, high; okchito, okshakla

water, hot; oka lashpa

water, lukewarm; oka lahba

water, tepid; oka lahba

water, to; banna, lachali, oka ipeta, oka
toba, okachi

water, to be in; oka hinka

water, warm; oka libesha

water bucket, oka isht ochi

water edge; oka alt, oka ont alaka, oka
sila

water flood, okchito

water mill, oka tanch afotoha

water pail, isht ochi

water trough, iti oka aiyanalli

water vessel, oka alhto

water wheel, iti chanaha

watercourse, okhina

waterfall; kihepa, oka pitafohopa, oka
pitakinafa

water-furrow, oka ayanalli

waterfowl, oka hushi

watering place, aiishko

water-man, peni isht atta

watermelon, shukshi

watermelon, the core of a;
tkfuka, shukshi nipi

watermelon seed, shukshi nipi pehna

waterpot; isht ochi, oka alhto, oka isht
ochi

waterproof, bichillahe keyu

waterside, oka lapalika

watery; oka holba, oka toba, okchauwi,
okchawaha

wattle, /uli

wattle, to; tana

wattled, tanna

wattles of a hen;
impasha

waul, to; woha, yarwa

wave; banatha, banakachi, banatboa, oka
banatha, oka bananya, paieli, wisattakachi

wave, a high; poakachi

wave, made to; piakachi

shukshi

aka"k chaka, akank

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[RULL. 46

wave, to; banatboa, banatha, fahakachi,
Jahali, fahatichi, faiokachi, fati, fatati,
oka banathat aya, oka piakachi, oka
poakachi, paieli, paiokachi, piakachi,
wisakachi

wave, to cause the water to; banat-
bohachi, banathachi, faioti, fatatichi,
parolichi

wave and bend, to; wishaha

wave backward and forward, to
cause to; folotowachi

wave high, to; poakachi

wave in small waves, to; oka wisakachi

wave the hand, to; /ati

wave the head, to; akkachunni, akka-
chunochunli

waved; faha, fahakachi, fahati, paiokachi

waver, wannicht

wavering, imanukfila achafa keyu

waves, to cause; paielichi

waving; jaiokachi, paieli

waving in the wind, /fataha

wax; foe hakmi, foe inlakna, titilli

wax, shoemaker’s; tiak nia kallo

wax, to; i”shaht ia, imshali

wax of the ear, haksobish litilli

wax tree, hika

way; aiimalhpesa, aiyamohmi, atarya,
atia, hina, katiohmi, yamohmi, yohmi

way, a broad; hina chito

way, after such a; yohmi

way, out of the; yoshoba

way, that; yamma

way, this; yakohmika, yohmi

way, to be on the; wihat arya

way maker, hina ikbi

way mark, iti tila

way of peace, hina hanta

way to, imma

waytarer, hatak nowat arya

wayfaring, nowat arya

wayward, ilapunla

we, e, eho, hapi, hapia hapishno, il, ilo,
ke, keho, kil, pi, pia, pishno

weak; homi, kallo, kota, tikabi, walunchi

weak, to render; kotachi

weak and trembling, i/apissa

weaken, to; homechi, kallochi, kotachi,
tikabicht

weakened; kota, tikabi

weakly, kallo

weakness; kallo, kota, tikabi

RBYINGTON ] A DICTIONARY

weal, achukma

wealth, nan inlaua

wealthy; imilayak chito, nan inlaua

wean, to; pishi issachi

wean the affections,
shanavacht

weaned, tinahaksi

weapon; isht itibbi, na halupa, nan isht
itibbr

wear, isht oktapa

wear, to; lipli, pikoffi, tikabi, tikabichi

wear a turban, to; iatipa

wear out, to; lipachi, tiposhichi, tahat ia

wearied; ataha, hoyabli, intakobi, komota,
komunta

wearied with, aiintakobi

weariness; komunta, tikabi

wearisome, ahchiba

weary; hoyabli, tikabi

weary, to; ahchibali, fomoli, hoyablichi,
intakobichi, tikabichi

weary with, to; aiintakobichi

weather; kocha, kucha

weather, to; achunanchi, lopulli

weathercock, mati isht ikhana

weatherwise, kuchapisa imponna

weave, to; lanaffo, tana

weaver; nan tanna, tana

web; nan tanna, tanna

wed, to; auaya

wedded, auaya

wedding; ohoyo ipetachi, ohoyo itihalalli-
chi

wedding day, auaya, nitak avitawaya

wedding feast, auaya

wedge; hoti, isht pala

wedge, a wooden; iti isht pala

wedge, an iron; tiak isht pata

wedge, to; iti isht pala, shamallichi

wedlock, auaya

weed; alba, haiyurkpulo, nan lusa isht
tabashi

weed, a black; polu”sak

weed, a certain; bisakchula, hakonlo,
kanumpa, pa”shtati, shalintakoba, shilu-
kafama, tala, tapintapi, tiak inpalammi

weed, to; aleli, leli

weed that dyes black, poafachi

weed used in dyeing red, pishaiyik:,
pishkak, pishuk

weeded; alia, lia

weeder; aleli, leli

week; nitak hollo, wik

week day, nitak inla

to; chutkash

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 603

weekly, nitak hollo achafakma

weep, to; nishkin okchi, nishkin okchi
minti, nukharklo, wilanli, yaiya

weeper, yaiya

weeping, nishkin okchiyanalli

weevil, hapalak

weevil-eaten; shakbona, shilurka, shi-
lurkachi

weft, tanna

weigh, to; anukfilli, aba isht ia, weki,
weki itilaui, wekichi

weigh alike, to cause to; weki itilau-
cht

weighed, weki

weigher, wekichi

weight; na weki, tali isht weki, tali uski,
wekr

weight, being of equal; weki itilawi

weight, to be of equal; weki itilauichi

weighty, weki

welcome, aiokpanchi

welcome, to; aiokpachi

weld, to; achakali, atitachakalli

welded; achaka, alhchaka, alhchakoa

welfare, achukma ansha

well; achukma, achukma ansha, achuk-
matka, achukmat, alhpesa, chukma, fehna,
hochukmat, imponna, yamma

well! (excl.); awme, inta, okinta, ome,
omikato, omishke

well, a; kali, kali hofobi

well, it may be; omiha

well, to do; achukma, hochukma

well, to look; ilafia

well curb, kali aholihta

well done, alhpesa

well rope, aseta isht ochi

well water, kali oka

well-disposed, hopoksia

well-fed, kaiya

well known; anoa, tkhana achukma

well-natured, yukpa

well-nigh; he, naha

welt, afohoma

welt, to; afohommi

welted, afohoma

welter, to; okatonoli, yupi

wen, shatohpa

wench; hatak lusa hawi, ohoyo haui

west; hashi aitolaka, hasth aiokatula,
hashi aiokatula, hashi aopiaka

west, to or at the; hashi aiokatula pilla

western; hashi aokatula, hashi aiokatula
pilla

604

westward; hashi aiokatula, hashi aioka-
tula imma, hashi aiokatula pila

wet; hokulbi, lacha, oka, oklashko .

wet, a little; okyohbi

wet, to; lachali, okkachi, oklanshkochi

wet weather, kucha umba

wet with the dew, o”shichakmo

wetness, lacha

wetted, lacha

whale, nani chito

whaling, afama

what; hacha, katih, katimakakosh, kati-
ohmi, kat, kata, nana, nanta, nantami,
nantihma

what for; na katimi, nantami

what is the matter, na katimiho

what is the reason, na katimiho

what kind, of; katiohmi

what manner, in; katiohmi

what number, katohmi

what time, about; katiohmi

whatever, nana kia

whatsoever; nana hon, nana kia

wheat; onush, tiliko

wheat barn, onush aiasha

wheat bread, tiliko palaska

wheat cake, tiliko palaska iskatini

wheat chaff, onush haklupish

wheat fan, onush amalicht

wheat flour; onush bota, tiliko bota

wheat harvest, onush almo

wheat stalk, onush api

wheedle, to; yimmichi

wheel; chanalli, chanaha, iti chanaha, iti
kalaha, kalaha

wheel, a truck; iti kalaha chanalli

wheel, to; chanallichi, chanaha, folota

wheel band, ahonola isht talakcha

wheelbarrow; iti chanallushi, itt chanaha
iskitini, iti chanaha usht

wheelwright, iti chanaha ikbi

wheeze, to; chilot fiopa

whelm, to; oklobushlichi, oklubbichi

whelmed; oklobushli, oklubbi

whelp; nashobushi, ofursik, ofushi

whelp, to; cheli

when; hokma, ikma, kaniohmi foka hor
kaniohmi kash, katiohmi, kma, ma, mano,
mano, mat, mih, yok

when he, atuk

when it was so, yohmima

whence; katima, katimako”, katiohma

whencesoever, kanima kia

whenever, kanimash inlt kia

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

where; 1, kanima, katima, katimaho,
katimahosh, katimako", mato

whereabout, katimafoka

whereas, yamohmi hoka

whereat, yamohmi hoka

whereby, yammak o

wherefore; katiohmi, na katimi, na
katimiho, na katiohmi, nanta, nantimiho,
yamohmi ho

wherein, yammak o

whereof, yammak o

wheresoever, kanima kia

whereunto, nanta

whereupon, yamohmi ho

wherever, kanima kia

wherewith, nanta

whet, to; haluppachi, sholichi

whether; katimakakosh, katimampo, ka-
timampo kakosh, ok

whetstone; ashuwahchi, isht halupalli,
isht shuahchi

whetted; halupa, shuahchi

whetter, haluppachi, sholichi

whey, pishukchi okchi

which; a”, ho, kak, katima, katimaho,
katimahosh, katimaiar, katimakon, kati-
mampo ho, katimampo ka, katimampo
kakon, katimampo kakosh, kat, ma, mak,
mano, mat, mato, nanta, o”, ya, yammak
osh

which, the one; a”

which having been, atuk

which of all, katimampo aiyukali kakosh

which of two, katimampo

whichever, nana

whichsoever; kanimampo, katimampo

whiff, fiopa

whiff, to; fiopa

whiffle, to; imanukfila shanaioa

whiffletree; isuba ahalalli, iti ahulall,
itt isht halallr

whiffling, imanuk/fila shanaioa

while; itintakla, ititakla, tavkla

while, a; hopaki, itintakla, kanima

while, to; anta, nitak isht yopomo

while it was so; yohmit itintakla

whilst, itintakla

whimper, to; yaiya

whimsical, imanuk/fila ilaiyuka

whine, birkbia

whine, to; birka, binkbia, kifaha

whiner, birkbia

whinny, to; kileha, sihitka

whinnying, sihitka

BYINGTON]

whinock, shukhushi isht aiopr

whip; isht fama, tukata

whip, to; fammi, massaha, massalichi

whip handle, lukatapi

whiplash; isht tukata, tukata wishakchi

whipped, /ama

whipper; /fammi, fuli isht fammi, na
Sammi

whipping; fama, fammi, fuli isht fama

whipping post, a/ama

whippletree, isuba ahalalli

whip-poor-will; chukkilakbila, hachuk-
bilarkbila, wahwali

whipsaw, iti isht basha falaia

whipsnake, pochu”hatapa

whipstock, fukatapi

whirl, fali

whirl, to; afolichi, fahfoa, fati, fitekachi,
jittha, fitthachi, fititekachi, oka foyuha,
oka foyulli

whirl bone, wi” kalaha wishakcht

whirl quickly, to; fitelichi

whirled; fahakachi, fitekachi, fititekachi

whirled about, fahfoa

whirler, fali

whirling; /ahakachi, fitekachi

whirlpool; oka foyuha, oka foyulli

whirlwind; apanuk/fila, apeli, apanukfila

whisk, isht pashpoa iskitint

whisk, to; /ali, hasimbish fati

whisker, nutakhish

whisky; na homi, oka, oka homi, wishki

‘whisper, /wmat anumpa

whisper, to; lumat anumpuli, shukshua

whisperer; lwmat anumpuli, na mihachi
shalt

whistle, uskulushi

whistle, to; kunta, sutksowa

whistler; kunta, uskulush olachi

whistling, kunta

whit, iskitinisi

white; hanta, hatachi, hata, hatakbi, tohbi

white, made; tohbi

white, to grow; hatachi

white, to make; hantachi, tohbichi

white, to paint; tohbichi

white, to turn; hatachi

white-faced and -footed, ibakshulanli,
ibakshulanshli

white face and feet, to have; ibakshu-
lanli

white flour, onush bota

white man; hatak nipi tohbi, hatak nipi
tohbika, na hollo

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

605

white of an egg, akak ushi walakachi

white paper, holisso tohbi

white people, na hollo

white-eyed; okshilonli, oktalonli, okwa-
lonli

whiten, to; hatokbichi, tohbichi, tohbit ia

whitened; okshauanli, tohbi, tohbit taha

whitener, tohbichi

whiteness, tohbi

whites, the; hata ont ia

whitewash, lukfanta

whitewood, iti hata

whither; kanima, katima

whitish; hatokbi, tohbi chohmi

whitlow, shatali

whittle, to; tali, tili, titichi

whittled, tala

whiz, to; shitkachi, shilohaché

who; at, anatkosh, at, ho, kato, kanahosh,
kata, ket, nanta, ya, yat, yor

who, the one; ya

who is, atuk

who so, kanaho

whoever, kana kia

whole; achukma, atiha, takoffi, moma,
okluha, putali

whole, to take the; tomaffi

wholesome, achukma

wholly; bano, mominchi, taha

whom; katimampo ho, kata, on

whom, to; kanaho

whomsoever, kana kia

whoop; kohwachi, parya

whoop, the death; tashka panya

whoop, to; humpah, kumpachi, panya,
tasaha, tasali

whoop, to make; pa”yachi

whoop at the grave, to; tashka parya

whooping, tasaha

whooping cough, hotilhko firka

whoops, one who; paya

woodpecker, a small, speckled; oktink

whore; hawi, ohoyo haut

whoredom, haui

whoredom, to commit; alia

whoremaster, haut ikbi

whoremonger, ohoyo imatia

whoremonger, to act the; hawi petichit
nowa

whortleberry, yu”to

whortleberry, high bush; oksakohchi

whose; kata, osh

whoso, kanahosh

whosoever; kana kia, kanahosh

606

why; katihmi, katiohmi, katiohmi hor,
na katimi, na katimiho, na katiohma,
nanta, nantama

wick of a candle, honula

wicked; alhpesa, haksi, okpulo, yoshoba

wicked, the; hatak haksi

wicked one, nan tasembo

wickedness, okpulo

wicker, /fuli atoba

wide; auata, hopalhka, hopatka, hopaki,
maiha, patha

wide apart; shauaha, shauola, shauwwalo-
ha, yauaha

wide apart, to cause to be; shauahachi

wide apart, to make grow; shawwalo-
hachi

wide apart, to place;
yauahacha

wide enough, patha alhpiesa

wide foot, iyi patha

widely; hopaki, hopakichit, kostinit, lapat

widen, to; pathachi, yatabli

widened, patha

widow; alhtakla, ihatak ili, ohoyo mha-
tak uli

widower, tekchi illi

width; auata, hopatka, patha

width of the foot, iyi patha

wife; achuka, amohoyo, itaiena, kasheho,
ohoyo, tekchi

wife, old; ohoyo kasheho

wife, white man’s; na hollo imohoyo,
na hollo tekchi

wig, pashi iatipa

wiggle, to; fatokachi

wiggletails; chu"kash apa, hatak chu-
kash apa

wigwam, hatak api humma inchuka

wild; aiokla, honayo, hopoyuksa, imata,
iti anutkaka, kostini, nukshopa, tasembo

wild beasts, nan nukshopa

wild beasts, bad; poa okpulo

wild creatures, nan nukshopa

wilderness; iti anurka, kotwi anutka,
korwi chito, konwi haiaka, konwi shabi,
yakni haiaka

wildly, nukshopa

wildness; honayo, hopoyuksa, kostini

wile, isht haksichi

wilily, to act; kostini

will; a, a”, achi”, achik, ahe, ashke, chin,
chike, chuk, hachin, he, het, hi, himma,
hinla, hokma, kachiv, lashke

will (a document), imissa

shauwalohachi,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN

ETHNOLOGY [ BULL. 46

will, his; ilap ahni

will, the; ahni, aiahni, imanukfila, nan
aiahne

will, to; ahni, aiahni, apesa, anuk/filli,
banna, imissa

will be, chirshki

will be, probably; achike

will not; ahe keyu, aheto, awa, chitchint,
he keyu, heto

willful, ilap ahni bieka

willing; ahni, alhpesa ahni, ome ahni

willow; takoi™sha, tikoi™sha

willow, weeping; takotwisha naksish
Jalaia, tikoi*sha naksish falaia
wilt, to; balakti, balaklichi, bashechi,

bashi, bilakti, bilaktichi

wilt before a fire, to; polua

wilted; balakti, bashi, bilakti

wily, haksi

win, to; abi, imaiya, i%shi

win back, to; okha

wince, to; hehka

wincer, hehka

winch; isht fotoli, isht shanni

winch, to; habli

wind; jfiopa, ilhfiopak, mali

wind, bad or dangerous; mali okpulo

wind, great; mati chito

wind, hot; mali lashpa

wind, south; oka mali mati

wind, strong; mati kallo

wind (or track), to; ahchishi

wind (turn), to; a/oli, aiskiachi, fotoli,
olachi

wind, to make; a/folichi, potomolichi

wind, violent; mati kallo

wind, water; oka mati

wind along, to; shanakachi

wind around, to cause to; a/oblichi

wind feathers on an arrow, to; hotti

wind its way, to; abaiyachi

wind round, to; a/oti, apakchulli, apak-
foa, apakfoblichi, apakfoti, apakfopa,
affoa

windfall, ani chilofa

windgall, shatali

winding; panala, yiryiki

winding and crooked, yiryiki

windmill, mati tanch afotoha

window; aboha apisa, apisa, apisa isht
alhkama, okhisushi

window blind, okhisushi isht alhkama

window shutter, okhisushi isht alhkama

windpipe; isht fiopa, kolumpi

BYINGTON |

windpipe of a fowl, kalonshi

windward, mati pila

windy, very; mati shali

wine; oka hauashko, oka homi, oka paki,
panki okchi

wine, claret; oka parki humma

wine, port; oka paki humma

wine, red; oka paki humma

wine bibber, oka paki ishko shati

wine cask, oka paki aialhto

wine glass, oka patki avishko

wine merchant, oka pa"ki kanchi

winefat, aialbiha

wing; ati, sanahchi

wing, to; hika, sanahchi ikbi

wink; mocholi achafa, mochukli

wink, to; mocholi, mochukli, mushli,
mushmushli, okmisli

wink at, to; amochonli

winker, mushli

winking of the eye, nishkin mochukli

winner; imaiya, ishi

winning; imaiya, ishi

winnow, to; amatichi, mashlichi

winnowed; mashahchi, mishahchi

winnowing floor, amatichi

winter; hashtula, onafa

winter, the early part of; hashtulam-
mona

winter, to; hashtula anta na topulli

winter house, anu”ka lashpa

winter quarters for an army, /ashtula
tashka chipota avasha

wintry; hashtula chohmi, kapassa

wipe, to; kasholichi

wipe out, to; kashoffichit kanchi

wiped; kashofa, kashokachi

wiper; isht kashokachi, isht kasholichi,
kasholichi, nan isht kasholichi

wire, tali fobassa

wire, to; tali fobassa isht takchi

wiredraw, to; shebli, tali fobassa ikbi

wiredrawn, shepa

wisdom; ahopoksinka, ahopoyuksa, ho-
poksa, hopoyuksa, nan ithana

wise; «ahopoksa, ahopoksia, ahopoyuksa,
apoksia, hopoksa, hopoksia, kostini

wise, the; na kostini

wise, to be on this; yakohmi

wise, to make; hopoksiachi

wise man; hatak hopoksia, hatak hopo-
yuksa, hatak kostint

wisely, hopoyuksa

wish; ahni, banna

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

607

wish, his; i/ap ahni

wish, to; ahni, aiahni, anukfillt, asithha,
banna, pit

wish for, to; chutkash banna, chutkash
1a

wish for more, to; anukshumpa

wish intently, to; banna fehna

wish to go, to; ia

wisher; ahni, banna

wishful; anuk/filli, banna

wit; ikhana, imanukfila, imponna

wit, a; hatak imanukfila tunshpa

wit, to; ikhana

witch; chuka ishi kanchak, hatak holhkun-
na, hatak yushpakammi, holhkunna, isht
ahollo, nan apoluma, nan isht ahollo,
ohoyo isht ahollo

witch, a ball-play; apoluma

witch, a great; hatukchaya

witch, to; apolwmi, isht ahollo, pakamma

witch ball, isht albi

witch-hazel, iyanabi

witchcraft; /appo, holhkunna, isht ahollo,
yushpakama

witchcraft, to pretend to; isht ahollo
ilahobi

with; aiena, aieninchi, aiitapitha, apeha,
apiha, atakla, aua, awant, hiket anya,
iba, ibafokat, isht, takla

with, to go; ibafokat arya

with all, akaieta

with haste, ashalitka

with truth, antit

withal, aiena

withdraw, to; kucha, mokofa

withe, a hickory; bisali

wither, to; bashechi, bashi, bilakti, bilak-
lichi, chunnat ta, shila

withered; bashi, bilakli, shila, shulla

withers; iachuna, ikkishi, ikoi, yauashka

withheld, katapa

withhold, to; halalli, katabli

within; anu"ka, anu®kaka, tarkla

without; diksho, iksho, keyukma, kucha

without inhabitants, okla iksho

withstand, to; asonali

witling, imanukfila iksho

witness; aiatokowa, nan anoli, nan ato-
kowa anoli, nana pitsa, pisa

witness; an ear; haklotokosh anoli

witness, to; anoli, ikhana, pisa, yopisa

witty; hopoksia, imanukfila turshpa

wizard; hatak holhkunna, hatak isht ahollo

woe; ilbasha, na palamimi, palammi

608

woful; i/bashahe alhpesa, nukha"klo chito

wolf, nashoba

wolf, he; nashoba nakni

wolf, she; nashoba tek

wolf, young; nashobushi

wolf dog, nashoba iklanna

wolf trap, nashoba inchuka

woman; hatak ohoyo, ohoyo

woman, aged; ohoyo kasheho

woman, despised; ohoyo makali

woman, fair; ohoyo pisa aiukli

woman, laboring; ohoyo toksali

woman, large; ohoyo chito

woman, mad; ohoyo nukoa

woman, married; tekchi

woman, very young; ohoyo himmitasi,
ohoyo himmitushi

woman, white; na hollo ohoyo

woman, young; ohoyo himmita

womanish, ohoyo holba

womankind, ohoyo isht atiaka

woman’s seat, ohoyo aiomanili

womb; imoshatto, oshato, ushatto, ushi
afoka, ushi aialhto

women, young; ohoyo himmithoa

wonder; aiisht ahollo, okokkoahni

wonder, to; okokkoahni, nanta

wondered, nuklakancha

wonderful, na fehna

wonderful work, na fehna

wonders, na fehna

wonders, to perform; aiisht ahollochi

wondrous, na fehna

wont; achaya, chokamo

wont, to; achayachi

woo, to; asilhha

wood, iti

wood, burnt; iti alua

wood, green; iti okchanki, iti okchako,
itt okchamali

wood, to; iti hoyo, iti isht

wood ashes, hituwk chubi

wood-shaver, iti ashan/i

woodcock, the yellow; /itukhak

wooden; iti atoba, iti osh toba

wooden wheel, iti chanaha

woodland deity, korwi anutkasha

woodpecker; biskinak, jfitukhak, hushi iti
chanla

woodpecker,
tinkte

woodpecker, a red-headed;
chakchak

a large, red-headed;

bakbak,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 46

woodpecker, a small, red-headed; chi-
lantak

woods; iti anurka, kowi

woods, being in the; ko™wi anunka

woody; iti anutka, iti lawa

woof, isht tanna

wool; chukfalhpowa hishi, chukfi hishi,
hishi

wool hat, chuk/fi hishi shape

woolen, hishi atoba

woolen cloth; chukfi hishi nan tanna,
chukfi hisht tanna

woolen yarn, chukfi hishi shana

woolsack, hishi aialhto

word, anwmpa

word, short;
kolurfa

Word, the; aba anumpa

word, to; anumpuli

word of life, anwmpa isht okchaya

worded, anumpa

wordy, anumpa laua

work; atoksali, holisso, ikbi, nan toksali,
pilesa, toksali, tovksali

work, a day’s; nitak achafa torksali

work, not to; toksali

work, to; bili, ikbi, ihkolichi, pilesa,
pilesachi, toksalechi, toksali, wushohachi,
yamaska, yamasli, yamohma

work (as a liquid), to; chibokachi

work, to cause to; pilesachi, toksalecht

work, to employ in; toksalechi

work a field, to; osapa toksali

work hard, to; toksali fehna

work in the corn, to; apolichi

work through, to; lukali

work with, to; ibatoksalechi, ibatonksalt

worked, yammaska

worker, toksali

workhouse, atoksali chuka

working; to”ksali, wushohachi

working day, nitak torksali

workingman, hatak na pilesa

workman; hatak torksali, nam _ pilesa,
torksalt imponna

workmanship; imponna, toba

workshop, atoksali chuka

world; hatak moma, yakni, yakni lumbo,
yakni lunsa, yakni moma

world, the dark; yakni lusa

worldly, yakni

worm; hashwish, lapchu, shushi, tal
shana

anumpa kololi, anumpa

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY

worm, cabbage; shushi kalush apa

worm, large yellow dirt; yala

worm, tobacco; shu"shi hakchuma

worm around, to; yulullit arya

worm of a screw, ftali shana

worm-eaten; fukachi, shu™shi aiapa

worming, yiryiki

wormy; shushi isht abeka, shushi laua

worn, lipa

worn in, to have a place; lampa

worn out; ataha, lipa, sipokni

worn through, tukaja

worried, tikabi

worry, to; afekommi, anwmpulechi, tika-
bichi

worse; aiyabbi, okpulo fehna, okpulo isht
imshat va

worse, to be made; ishalit okpulo

worship, holitopa

worship, to; aholitobli, aiokpachi,
aba isht aholitobli, holitobli, holitoblit
aiokpacht

worship Jehovah, to; Chihowa aiokpa-
chi

worship of Jehovah, Chihowa aiokpachi

worshipper; aiokpachi, aba isht holitobli,
holitobli, «wsht holitabli, tipiat itola,
tipkachi

worshiper of Jehovah, Chihowa aiok-
pacht

worshipful, aiokpachi alhpesa

_ worst, okpulo imshaht tali

worth; alli, holitopa, ialli

worthily, holitopat

worthiness, holitopa

worthless; ahoba,
narka

worthless, to render; makalichi

worthless man, hatak keyu

worthy; ahoba, alhpesa, alhpiesa, holitopa

worthy man, hatak holitopa

wot, to; ikhana

would; hinla, hinlatok, hinlatuk, okbano

would have; ahetok, ahetuk

wound, holoti

wound, a;
anata

wound, to; anali, bili, hotupachi, hotu-
pali, mitaffi, nati, natichi

wound, to cause to be; a/olichi

wound round; a/foa, afoyua, apakfoa,
apakfopa, affoa, alhfoa

wound the feelings, to; hotupali

wounded; achatya,.bila, hotupa, nata

84339°—Bull. 46—15 39

aknatka, makali,

abasha, achatya, ahotupa,

OF THE CHOCTAW

LANGUAGE 609

wounded heart; chu”kash hutupa, chu®-
kash nata

wounder; bili, hotupali, nati

wounding, hotupali

wove, tanna

woven; alhtannafo, tanna

woven wool, chukfi hishi tanna

wrangle, i/achoa

wrangle, to; achowa

wrangler, itachoa

wranglesome, itachoa shali

wrap round, to; a/foli, apakfobli, apak-
foblichi, apakfoli

wrap round with, to; isht afoli

wrap up, to; abonullichi, bonulli

wrapped round, apak/fopa

wrapped up; abonunta, borkachi

wrapper; abonunta, afoachi, bonulli

wrath; aisikkopa, isht nukhobela, nuk-
hobela, nukkilli, nukoa, palamma

wrathful, nukoa shali

wrathless, nukoa keyu

wreak, to; onochi

wreath; aialipa, iatipa hashtap toba

wreathe, to; ialipeli

wreathed, ialipa

wreathen, poshola

wreck, aiokpulutka

wren; chikchik, chiloha, okchiloha

wrench, shanni

wrench, to; shanaiachi, shanni

wrenched, shana

wrest, to; ishi, shanni

wrested, shana

wrestle, to; ishi, itishi

wrestler; itishi, itisht imponna

wrestling, iishi

wretch; hatak makali,
hatak yoshoba

wretched; ilbasha, ilbashahe alhpesa

wretchedness; aiilbasha, ilbasha

wright, torksali imponna

wring, to; bushli, ilbashachi, okbushli,
shannt

wringed, shana

wringer; bushli, shanni

wrinkle; shikofa, shikowa, shinoa, shi-
nofa, shinoti, shinonoa, yikkowa, yiko-
kunwa, yikotua, yiryiki

wrinkle, to; shikofa, shikojfi, shikoh,
shikowa, shinoa, shinofa, shinoffi, shinoli,
shinonoa, shinonotkachi, shinonolicha,
yikkowa, yikoli, yikota, ytkotachi, yiko-
tua, yikowachi, yikulli, yinyikechi, yiryikr

hatak okpulo,

610

wrinkle, to cause to; shikolichi, shino-
lichi, yikoti, yikolichi, yikotachi.

wrinkled; shikofa, shikoti, shikowa, shi-
noa, shinofa, shinoti, shinonoa, shino-
norkachi, yafimpa, yikkowa, yikofa,
yikoha, yikokoa, yikota, yikotua, yiryiki

wrist, ibbak aska

wrist-bands; ibbak tilokachi abiha, ibbak
tilokachi afohoma, ilefoka shakba afohoma

wrist joint; ibbak itachakalli, ibbak tilo-
kachi

writ, holisso kallo

write, to; holisso ikbi, holissochi, ta%/i

writer; hatak holissochi, holissochi, ta”fi,
na holissochi

writhe, to; shana, shanakachi

writhed, shana

writing, holisso

writing master, holissochi ikhananchi

writing paper, holisso tohbi

writing table; aholissochi, aiotholissochi

writing tablet, aholissochi

written; holisso, lafa

written on, holisso

wrong; alhpesa, inla, okpulo, yoshoba

wrong, to; i/bashachi

wrong side out; anukjilema, anuk/file-
moa, anukpilefa

wrongdoer, i/bashachi

wronged, ilbasha

wronger, tlbashachi

wrongful; alhpesa, ilbashahe alhpesa

wroth; anukhobela, nukoa fehna

wrought, toba

wrung out; busha, okbusha

wry; shanaia, shana

wry mouth, itiboshali

wry-necked, shanaia

yacht, royal; miko inpent

yam; ahe, ahe kashaha

Yankee, Miliki hatak

yard; holihta, isht alhpisa, nan isht apesa,
wanuta

yard, door; wanuta

yardstick; iti isht alhpisa, nan tanna isht
alhpisa

yarrow, fani hasimbish holba

yawl; peni, penushi

yawn, to; chisemo, hawa, yichina

ye; hachi, hachia, hachik, hachim, ha-
chishno, has, hash, ho

yea; ome, yau

year, afammi

year, one; afammi achafa

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

yearling; afammi, atampa, wak atampa,
atanapa

yearly; afammikma, afammaiyukali

yearn, to; nukharklo

yeast; nan isht shatammichi, paska isht
shatammichi

yell; parya, tahpala

yell, to; pa’ya, tahpala, tasali

yelling, tasaha

yellow; alakna, lakna

yellow, to; alakna, laknachi

yellow dye, isht laknachi

yellow dyestuff, nan isht laknachi

yellow fever, abeka lakna

yellow hammer, /itwkhak

yellow jacket; yakni foi, yakni foishke

yellow jacket’s nest, yakni foi

yellow man, hatak lakna

yellow negro, hatak lusa lakna

yellow woodcock, /fitukhak

yellowish, laknoba

yells, one who; parya

yelp, to; birka, binkbia, wohwoha, wohwah,
wotichi, wowoha

yeoman, tashka

yeomanry, tashka aliha

yes; ath, akat, in, utkah, yau

yesterday, pilashash

yesternight, ninak ash

yet; kin, moma

yield, to; haklo, issa, kinafa, nutaka 1a,
waya, wayachi

yielded, issa

yoke; ichapoa, ikonlabana, tuklo

yoke, to; ichabli, ikonlabanali

yoked, ikonlabana

yokefellow, ichapa

yolk; aka”k ushilakna, lakna

yon, yamma

yond, yamma

yonder, yamma

you; chim, hachi, hachir, hachia, hachik,
hachim, hachin, hachishno, has, hash, %s,
ish, oh

young; himmita, himmitasi, himmita-
cheka, himmithoa, himmitushi, himmona,
ushi

young, to be with; ushi kaiya

young, to bring forth; ushi cheli

young, to go with; ushi shali

young, to make; himmitachi

young man; hatak himmita, hatak himmi-
taiyachi, hatak himm‘tacheka, hatak him-
mithoa

BYINGTON]

young ones; himmithoa, ushi

younger; himmak, laua

youngest, isht aiopi

youngish, himmita chohmi

youngster, himmita

your; chim, chin, hachi, hachin, hachim,
hachimmi, hachin, hachishno

your, to become; hachimmi toba

your own, hachishno

yourself; chishno akinli, hachishno

youth, himmita

youth, a; hatak himmita

youth, the; himmita aliha, himmithoa

youthful, himmita

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

611

zambo; hatak lusaisht atiaka, hatak lusaushi

zany; ilakhapuli shal), yopula shati

zeal, aiyimita

zealot, hatak aiyimita

zealous; achillita, chilita, chunkash yimin-
ta, yiminta

zealous, to make; chilitachi

zebra, isuba basoa

zenith, tabokoli

zephyr, hashi aiokatula mati

zest, kashaha

zest, to; kashahachi

zigzag, yiryiki

zone; apakfopa, folota

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