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Published monthly by the

~ University of the State of New York

BULLETIN 316

1904

Biew York State. Museum

EpuHraimM Porter Feit State Entomologist

Bulletin 76
. ENTOMOLOGY 4

igth Report of the State |

4

INJURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS

‘ OF THE
STATE OF NEW YORK
7 1903
é
: PAGE PAGE
Ant rOUNEHION. ©) ok. wick sates 91 | Notes for the year (continued)
General entomologic features. 91 Shade trees and forest insects. 147
OinconvGrk ese ee hh: 92. Beneficial insects............. 150
Special investigations :....... 92 | Experimental work against San
toleration. (eat Weh, «se es 98 José scale insect............. 151
Collections of insects......... 94 Early spring or winter appli-
Nursery inspection work...... 95 CAUIONS ©) ae tea tie Seen nord oh a 151
Voluntary observers..)....... 96 Summer washes.............. 159
Acknowledgments............ 96 | Diseased and dying trees and in-
Beneficial insects............... 97 sect attack................... 167
Synopsis of certain genera of Voluntary entomologic service.. 173
ithe Ophionini.............. g7 | List of publications of the ento-
Injurious insects............... “495 TIPO OTS UME ye ay scatt teas. ee sete cteanat es 192
Notes for the year..... ent aes 130 || dmseetiexchamge.. 24. nie «i, - 200
Diente tiger Se weet Lays 130 Species received in exchange... 201
Eraitt WisectaT eee. Hxchanceslist; ose iat 207
peta gueects ae Contributions to collection ..... 213
Grapevine pests.............. 142 his
Cede 3 Explanation of plates........... 221
22 Bh ae Sel eed Me os as he face 222
Grain and house pests........ AtOp tinder: Tae ks waco. eon: 223
f ef «4
ALBANY M3b 1

UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

1904

Mero6m-F4-1800

¥

Price 15 cents

University of the State of New York

REGENTS 1908

With years of election

1892 WiLLIAM CrosweLL Doane D.D. LL.D. Chancellor, Albany

1878 WHITELAW Reip M.A. LL.D. Vice Chancellor ~— New York
1877 CHauNCEY M. DEPEW 0) a1 By - = = — New York
1877 CHARLES EK. Fircu LL.B. M.A. L.H.D. - Rochester .
1881 WiLtLiAM H. Watson M.A. M.D. LL.D. - — Utica

1881 Henry E. TurNER LL.D. = - - - Lowville
1883 Sr Crain McKetway M.A. L.H.D. LL.D. D.C.L. Brooklyn
1885 DaNieL BEAcH Ph.D. LL.D. | - a =~) Watiains
1890 Puiny T. Sexton LL.D. - _ - — — Palmyra
1890 T. GUILFORD SmitH M.A. C.E. LL, D. = — « Buffalo
1893 Lewis A. Stimson B.A. LL.D. M.D. - _ — New York

1895 ALBERT VANDER VEER M.A. Ph.D. M.D. = Albany
1895 CHARLES R. SKINNER M.A. LL.D. ied
Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex officio

1897 CHESTER S. Lord M.A. LL.D. — — = — Brooklyn
1900 THomas A. Henprick M.A. LL.D. - - - Rochester
1901 Benjamin B. OpELL jr LL.D. Governor, ex officio

igor Ropert C. PRuyn M.A. ~ — - — Albany
1g02 WiLLtiAM NotrincHam M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. — Syracuse

1903 FRanK W. Hiccins Lieutenant Governor, ex officio

1903 JOHN F. O’BRIEN Secretary of State, ex officio

‘1903 Cuartes A. Garpiner LL.B. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. New York

1903 CHARLES S. Francis B.S. - - - - Troy |
One vacancy

SECRETARY
Elected by Regents

.Ig00 JAMES RussELL Parsons JR M.A. LL.D.

DIRECTORS OF DEPARTMENTS
1888 Metvit Dewey M.A. LL.D. State Library and Home Education
1890 JAMES RUSSELL PARSONS jR M.A. LL.D.

Administrative, College and Figh School Dep’ts
t8g0 FREDERICK J. H. MERRILL Ph.D. State Museum

fed

University of the State of New York

New York State Museum

FREDERICK J. H. Merritt Director
EPHRAIM Porter FELT State Entomologist

Bulletin 76
ENTOMOLOGY 21

I9th REPORT OF THE STATE ENTO-
MOLOGIST 1903

To the Kkegents of the University of the State of New York

I have the honor of presenting herewith my report on the injuri-
ous and other insects in the State of New York for the year ending
Oct. 15, 1903.

General entomologic features. The season of 1903 will long be
known on account of the abnormal abundance of plant lice of
various species, which have not only been exceedingly destructive
to fruit trees in particular but the prolongation of their depreda-
‘tions far beyond the usual date was specially injurious to young or
recently set trees. The latter part of the summer the San José
scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst., bred so exces-
sively that many trees were literally covered with half grown scale
insects toward the end of the season. The depredations of the
elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Miill., have con-
tinued in the Hudson river valley though the spraying operations
of recent years have reduced their numbers very largely in Albany
and Troy. An interesting feature of this insect’s history was its
presence in excessive numbers at Saratoga Springs, where it
would undoubtedly have caused severe injury had it not been for
the prompt spraying instituted by the village authorities. The
white marked tussock moth, Notolophus leucostigma
Abb. & Sm., has caused less damage than usual in recent years

92 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

though it was generally present at Buffalo on a great many horse-
chestnut trees, partially defoliating thousands. The fall web-
worm, Hyphantria textor Harr., has, as a rule, been less
injurious than in preceding years, except in a few localities.

Office work. The general office work has been conducted as in
preceding years and has been marked by many more demands
for information, indicating an increased interest. The determina-
tions of scale insects for the commissioner of agriculture, in con-
nection with the nursery inspection work of his department, has
made somewhat extensive demands on the time of Assistant C. M.
Walker, who has also had charge of most of the breeding cage
work. Many photographs of living insects or specimens of their
work have been taken and a number of lantern slides added to
the collection, greatly increasing its effectiveness in illustrating
popular lectures. It is gratifying to record that there have been
no changes in the office staff during the past year, and conse-
quently the work has proceeded without interruption from this
cause. Correspondence indicates a continued and healthy interest
in our work, as is evidenced by the following figures : 2035 letters,
784 postals, 490 circular letters and 1109 packages were sent
through the mail during the past year. The reduction from last
year in the number of postals and packages is due to the fact that
but three publications were issued during the present year against
four in 1903, and the last issued was not available for distribu-
tion till very late, consequently a portion of the copies will be sent
out next year. Mailing expenses have also been reduced by send-
ing two or more publications by express, wherever that was
economical, a total of 114 packages being shipped.

Special investigations. The lines of work begun in earlier years
have been continued and considerable progress made. The grape-
vine root worm, Fidia viticida Walsh, has been the sub-
ject of more extended investigations than last year, a large amount
of exceedingly valuable data has been secured and we have demon-
strated that collecting the beetles was a practical, the most
reliable and probably the most economical method of controlling
this pest. The details of this work will appear in a revised and
extended bulletin on this insect. The experiments with insecti-

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 93

cides for controlling the San José scale have been carried on in
the same orchard as in the past three years, and our earlier results
with crude petroleum have been confirmed. Extended experi-
ments with lime-sulfur washes have also been conducted at War-
wick with very gratifying results. An extensive series of experi-
ments with summer washes was made, Mr Walker having direct
charge of the work and being responsible for most of the observa-
tions. A second instalment of the beneficial Chinese ladybeetle,
Chilocorus similis Rossi, which may prove of value in
suppressing this pernicious scale insect, was obtained from the
United States Department of Agriculture last August and estab-
lished in an infested orchard at Kinderhook. It is hoped that
they will survive in this latitude and prove of great value in con-
trolling this dangerous pest. The extended forest fires in the
Adirondacks early in the season offered an excellent opportunity
for investigating the connection between them and insect attack.
The results of this work are given on a subsequent page. Our
general studies of forest and shade tree insects have been con-
tinued and a number of valuable observations made.

The present year has been marked by the appearance of a second
report by Dr Needham on aquatic insects, which consists of a
series of valuable original articles by himself, supplemented by
important papers from Messrs MacGillivray, Johannsen and
Davis. Another report by Dr Needham, is now in preparation
and will be devoted largely to a consideration of the May flies and
midges (Chironomidae) of the State.

Investigations on our native mosquitos have been continued,
resulting in material additions to our knowledge. Collections of
these little insects have been made in different sections of the
State, and it was possible for Assistant D. B. Young to spend two
weeks at Long Island, working in cooperation with the North
Shore Improvement Association, which has become well and favor-
ably known to all interested in this line of effort on account of its
very efficient operations in subduing these pests in the vicinity of
New York city. . |

Publications. he principal publications of the entomologist, to
the number of 70 are listed under the usual head. The more

94 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

important of those issued during the past year are the following:
Grapevine Root Worm (Museum bulletin 59), 78th Report of the
State Entomologist 1902 (Museum bulletin 64) and Aquatic Insects
in New York State (Museum bulletin 68). In addition, the ento-
mologist has contributed an important paper on insects injurious
to pine and oaks, for the seventh report of the Forest, Fish and
Game Commission, and one on insecticides for the report of the
Colorado State Board of Horticulture for 1902.

Other important publications, which are either in the printer’s
hands or practically completed, are as follows: Grapevine Root
Worm, a revised and extended edition of Museum bulletin 59, men-
tioned above. A monograph of the genus Saperda, which includes
some of our most destructive borers, has been prepared by the
entomologist in association with Mr L. H. Joutel of New York
city, and will form a small bulletin of about 80 pages illustrated
by 7 colored plates. Dr Needham’s third report, mentioned in the
preceding paragraph, is practically completed and will be an ex-
tended work about the same size as Museum bulletin 68. There
is also a memoir on insects injurious to forest and shade trees, an
extensive publication illustrated with many halftones and 16
colored plates, treating specially of those forms which are destruc-
tive to shade trees.

Collections of insects. Very large additions have been made to
the state collections during the past season. . They are specially
desirable because a considerable proportion have come from other
sections of the State. Mr Young spent several weeks in the Ad-
irondacks in special work on forest insects, and he has collected
at intervals throughout the season in cooperation with the Vassar
Brothers Institute, at Poughkeepsie, and also at Long Island
while engaged on mosquito investigations. The results have been
large and exceedingly valuable additions to the state collections.
Much progress has been made in arranging insects previously col-
lected. The Lepidoptera, which are in the care of Mr Walker,
have all been referred to the principal groups and many deter-
mined ‘specifically. He has also arranged the Coccidae, now
represented by 98 species and a host of specimens, while Mr Young
has been able to do considerable systematic work on the Tenthre-

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 95

dinidae, Ichneumonidae, Syrphidae, Tachinidae and Capsidae,
besides making material progress in arranging the Coleoptera
which, it is gratifying to state, are already in a fairly satisfactory
condition. The exhibit collection has received valuable additions
from time to time, and in all of our collecting an effort has been
made to secure material desirable for this purpose. The museum
was kindly remembered during the present year and bequeathed
a small collection of insects by Miss Ellen L. Baker of Middle
Granville N. Y.

The past season a system of exchange was inaugurated with
most excellent results. The museum possesses large series of cer-
tain species. Lists were prepared and sent to entomologists in dif-
ferent sections of this and other countries with a request for ex-
changes, and as a result some exceedingly valuable additions have
been made to the collection with practically no cost to the museum.
The details of these exchanges together with a. list of species
available for this purpose will be found under a separate head.

Nursery inspection work. Owing to the Virginia authorities re-
fusing in the fall of 1902 to accept nursery inspection certificates
issued by the State Department of Agriculture, even though
officially indorsed by us, other means had to be devised to aid those
who wished to ship nursery stock into Virginia. The state ento-
mologist of Virginia was willing to accept a certificate based ‘on
inspection by an assistant working under our direction, and as
an accommodation to our nurserymen, it was arranged to send an
assistant to make supplementary inspections of only that stock
which was destined for Virginia, the parties benefited to pay his
traveling expenses. Mr C. M. Walker was detailed for this work,
which occupied nearly two weeks. It is very gratifying to state
that the regular inspectors, in whom we have utmost confidence,
kindly aided Mr Walker in his work. Mr H.C. Peck and Mr J.J.
Barden, in whose territory most of the inspecting was done, were
specially helpful. The following is a list of firms to whom these
nursery certificates were issued between Oct. 21 and Nov. 1,
respectively: Mt Hope Nurseries, Western New York Nursery Co.,
Thomas Bowman & Son, A. L. Wood, Allen Nursery Co., H. S.
Taylor & Co., Charlton Nursery Co., all of Rochester; Sheeren

96 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Wholesale Nurseries, George A. Sweet Nursery Co., Rogers Nur-
tery, all of Dansville; Brown Bros. Co., Chase Bros. Co., First
National Nurseries, Perry Nursery Co., J. B. Nellis & Co., all of
Brighton; Lewis Roesch, T. S. Hubbard Co., G. S. Josselyn Co.,
all of Fredonia; Knight & Bostwick, Emmons & Co., and C. W.
Stuart & Co., all of Newark.

Voluntary observers. The work of the voluntary observers begun
in 1899 has been continued, but owing to an unusually dry spell
in the early part of the season followed by excessive rains, there
has been comparatively little to report except injuries by plant
lice, a group of insects on which the voluntary observers are not
well qualified to report. As a consequence, there are net so many
records as have been made in earlier seasons, though the sum
_total of their observations amounts to a material addition to our
knowledge concerning some very important injurious insects.
Summaries of these reports are published under the usual head.

Acknowledgments. The untimely death of our highly esteemed
and gifted associate, the late Prof. V. H. Lowe of the State
Agricultural Experiment Station at Geneva, is a source of deep
regret and a severe loss to the science he loved so well. The ento-
mologist has been favored by the cooperation of a number of prio-
fessional workers. To Dr L. O. Howard, chief of the division of
entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, and his.
staff, special acknowledgments are due for the determination of
a number of insects and for information regarding different
species. Mr E. P. VanDuzee, of Buffalo, a well known authority
on Hemiptera, has kindly identified all our Pentatomidae and a
number of related forms, and we are indebted to Prof. Mel. T.
Cook, of De Pauw University, Greencastle Ind., for the determina-
tion of many insect galls. The appreciation of our work by the
many friends of the office is a source of pleasure, and the support
given by those in authority is very gratifying.

Respectfully submitted
Eruratim Porter Freier

State Entomologist
Office of the State Entomologist
Albany, Oct. 15, 1903

REPORT OF THE STATH ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 97

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

SYNOPSIS OF CERTAIN GENERA OF THE OPHIONINI

The following account of species belonging to various genera
of this group is the result of a study, extending over some years,
originally begun at Cornell University under the auspices of
Prof. J. H. Comstock, to whom the writer is under deep obliga-
tions for assistance. The original assignment covered the species
placed in this genus by Cresson, and owing to many other matters
demanding attention, we have reluctantly decided to publish our
results without attempting to extend our studies so as to include
all the members of this group, particularly because of lack of
time, and specially since a number of genera are represented
only by foreign species. We also take this opportunity to express
our obligations to Dr W. H. Ashmead, curator of the Hymenop-
tera, United States National Museum, who in recent years has
kindly loaned us specimens and afforded material aid in our sys-
tematic study. :

This group includes some of our larger and more common para-
sites, and to the species comprising it much credit is due for ma-
terial aid in controlling a number of our insect pests. For ex-
ample the long-tailed Ophion, Eremotylus macrurus
Linn. is a common parasite of large cecropia larvae and allied
species. These large caterpillars are rarely abundant enough to
attract attention by their ravages, and one reason for this is un-
doubtedly the activity of their parasites, foremost of which stands
the long-tailed Ophion.

Value as parasites

The other species of this group have been reared from a large
number of hosts, and there is no reason for regarding several of
them as of less value than Hremotylus macrurus Linn.
The following statistics will give some idea of their abundance
and, as the life of the host with its attendant possibilities is de-
stroyed as each develops, they also give some idea of the economic
value of the species. Six trap lanterns were in operation during
the entire season of 1889 at Cornell University for the purpose of
ascertaining the value of lights for destroying insects, and nearly

98 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

600 examples of ophionids were taken. Two species were well
represented in this lot. There were none of the long-tailed
Ophions, hence the figures give no idea of the relative abundance
of this parasite or of the other species not represented. The one
by far the most abundant was Ophion bilineatum Say,
the two-lined Ophion, which was represented by 450 examples. The
Species next in abundance was Ophion tityri Pack., which
was represented by 118 examples, while Eniscopilus pur-
gatus Say was represented by but 23 individuals. It will be
noticed that the two species taken most abundantly are not well
represented in most collections and but little is known of their
habits. This record does not in the least reflect on the value of
these two as parasites. It is possible that both are equally effi-
cient in their own fields and it is most probable, seeing that they
are crepuscular or nocturnal in habit, that they breed largely in
larvae which rarely fall into the hands of the collectors. The
two-lined Ophion has been reared mostly from arctians or
noctuids. Though records of this character are still far too
scarce to permit the formation of a positive opinion, it is likely
that this species does material service in keeping larvae belonging
to these two families in check. The observations are even more
meager regarding Ophion tityri. Here is certainly a field
for investigation.
General habits

The different members of this group may usually be seen flying
slowly about shrubbery and in the grass during bright days from
early May till into October. In cloudy and wet weather they
seek some sheltered place—at least this is true of the diurnal
species. The long-tailed and the purged Ophions are the two
taken most commonly in the day, and they are the best repre-
sented in most collections examined. The trap lantern record
would appear to indicate a great preponderance of the two-lined
Ophion. This must be ascribed to the crepuscular or nocturnal
habits of the latter form. The females are the more active and
are more abundant in collections. This might be expected, as
on her devolves the labor of searching out a suitable nidus for

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 99

her eggs. The large proportion of females is well shown in the
trap lantern record, where but 87 males were taken to 485 females.
The great activity of the females and the large number of them
attracted to lights must diminish materially the value of the trap
lantern as a means of destroying insect pests.

Oviposition and larval habits

The females possess a sharp ovipositor which is capable of in-
flicting a slight wound. Its sharpness appears to be mainly for
defensive purposes, as the eggs are deposited usually on the skin
of the host, to which they firmly adhere by means of a cement
or glue extruded at the moment of oviposition. The deposit of
the egg by Eremotylus macrurus has been graphically
described by Trouvelet as follows!: ‘“ When an Ichneumon de-
tects the presence of a worm, she flies around it for a few seconds,
and then rests upon the leaf near her victim ; moving her antennae
very rapidly above the body of the worm, but not touching it, and
bending her abdomen under the breast, she seizes her ovipositor
“with the front legs, and waits for a favorable moment, when she
quickly deposits a little oval white egg upon the skin of the larva.
She is quiet for some time and then deposits another upon the
larva, which only helplessly jerks its body every time an egg is
laid.” Hight to ten eggs are laid in this manner. A few days
later they hatch and the larvae make their way under the skin
of their victim, feeding on the fatty portions of the host at first,
but later most of the tissues are devoured. The miserable victim
of these parasites drags out a weary existence and usually per-
ishes in,the pupal state, rarely before. As a single larva will
provide sustenance for the development of but one or two para-
sites, the weaker.ones perish.

There is on the front tibia of Ophion an articulated, apical
Spine, a structure common to many Hymenoptera, which is pos-
sibly connected with the method of oviposition narrated above.
This articulated spine is curved toward the tarsus near the apex,
and might consequently be used for holding the ovipositor, be-

11868 Am. Nat. 1 :89-91.

100 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
#

cause when apposed to the tarsus the bend is such as to allow
the ovipositor to pass easily through a space between the two.
It is worthy of note in this connection, as showing the method
of depositing eggs by an insect belonging to the same family, that
Thalessa has been seen cvipositing in a similar manner by reliable
observers.t

Pupation and final transformations

The larvaof Eremotylus macrurus usually pupates
within the cocoon of its victim. As this species preys largely on
the saturnians, the larvae of which spin stout cocoons, the grub
of the parasite on emerging from the remains of its victim finds
itself in a well protected cocoon, and consequently has no néed
of looking for a more secure place in which to undergo its final
transformations. The same habit is probably common to other
species infesting hosts spinning a stout cocoon, as, for example,
Krem. arctiae when preying on these moths. The cocoons
of Eniscopilus purgatus are found in the soil or
under shelter near where its host has transformed. From the
lack of evidence to the contrary, it may be presumed that such
is the general habit of all the species infesting larvae that do not
spin stout cocoons before pupation.

Very few notes exist on the duration of the pupa state in this
genus. Riley states that the imagos of Erem. macrurus
commonly emerge in the spring, and rarely come forth in the
autumn. This would apparently indicate that the normal habit
of this insect is to pass the winter in the pupal stage. An example
of Enis. purgatus has been known to pupate a 24, the

imago emerging Sep. 13.

Bibliography
1862 Packard, A. S. Me. Sci. Sur. Rep’t, p.20 (Comes to pene)
1869 —— Guide Study Ins. p.195 (Brief notice)

1863 Norton, Edward. Wnt. Soc. Phila. Proc. 1:357-58 (Table of species)

1879 Provancher, L’Abbé L. Nat. Can. 11:115 (Generic characters),
p.116-17 (Table of species)

1882 Lintner, J. A. Ins. N. Y. 1st Rep’t, p.103-10 (Parasitic on Nephe-
lodes violans)

1893 —— Ins. N. Y. 8th Rep’t, p.288 (Mention)

11888 Lintner. Ins. N. Y. 4th Rep’t, p.40-41.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 101

1884 Comstock, J. H. Kingsley’s Stand. Nat. Hist.2:515 (Brief reference)

1895 Manual Study Ins. p.624, fig.750 (Notice)

1885 Jack, J. G. Can. Wnt. 17:30 (Manner of oviposition on Noto-
donta conecinna)

1886 Hnt. Soe. Ont. 16th Rep’t, p.16

1885 Webster, F. M. U.S. Dep’t Agric. Rep’t 1884, p.3889 (Parasitic on
Nematus)

1888 Riley, C. V. Insect Life, 1:171 (An external parasite)

1891 Insect Life, 3:276 (Feeding habits of larvae)

1893 Ent. Soe. Wash. Proc. 2:403 (Oviposition)

1890 Bruner, Lawrence. Neb. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bul. 14, p.62 (Parasitic
on Acronyeta lepuseculina)

1891 Forbes, S. A. Ins. Ill. 17th Rep’t, 1889-90, p.44 (Parasitic on white
grub)

1891 Riley, C. V. & Marlatt, C. L. Insect Life, 4:179 (Ophion? parasitic

on Nematus)

1894 Smith, J. B. N. J. Agric. Exp. Sta. Rep’t, 1893, p.582 (General

notice )
These are references to the genus only, as defined by Cresson in 1887.

Synopsis of genera treated

@ Cubitodiscoidal nervure irregularly thickened, never appendiculate

6 Yellowish chitinous spots in cubitodiscoidal cell..... Mnisecopilus Curtis

bb No such spots in cubitodiscoidal cell.............Hremotylus Forster

aa .Cubitodiscoidal nervure never irregularly thickened, usually appendicu-
late

OMEVACE aM OTM Alc pss share tousc sive dsm ohare oibieeat a ellslesetes s-0 ales Ophion Gravenhorst

Hoe aAcemelon outed tae ae seeeiscicn slates os os wtieerte Genophion Felt

Synopsis of species of Eremotylus

a Cubitodiscoidal vein usually strongly sinuate; hooks of hind wings 13-15;
male clasps rather long, subrectangular, obtusely rounded at the
FDTD ich Gy OORT arere macrurus Linn.

aa Cubitodiscoidal vein nearly arcuate; first and second recurrent ner-

vures nearly equal; hooks of hind wing 7-9; male clasps subrectangu-
Naar GUE ype OUMING CO tle cts vues ace siesovel ale, tat eacecouater ale. sie arctiae Ashm.
glabratus Say*
Eremotylus macrurus Linn.
Long-tailed Ophion

This, the largest American species of the genus, is closely allied
to Erem. arctiae Ashm., which has been confused with it in
collections. The two species are easily separated from the others
of the genus by their considerably larger size; the smallest being
perceptibly larger than the largest of the other species, excepting

See account of this species, p.106.

102 : NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Ophion fuliginipennis Felt, which belongs in a dif-
ferent group. Erem. macrurus may be separated from
Krem. arctiae by its larger size, by the fulvous tinge of the
Wings and veins, by the second discoidal nervure being nearly
twice the length of the first, and by there being from 138 to 15
hooks on the hind wings. Other differences are detailed in the
description of Hrem.’ arctiae.

Habits and life history. This species is an active, diurnal insect,
being rarely if ever attracted to lights. It is the one most com-
monly bred from the large saturnians, and is frequently referred
to as a parasite of one or more of them. Its egg-laying habits
and life history, so far as known, have been described in a pre-
ceding paragraph. It has also been recorded as bred from some
of the arctians, but it is probable that some of these records really
pertain to Erem. arctiae. DrcC. M. Weed has recorded an
instance in which 30 out of 50 pupae of Samia columbia
Smith were parasitized by this insect. The unusual abundance of
Callosamia promethea Pr. is recorded in Insect Life,
2 :383, and also the interesting fact that fully two thirds of the
pupae harbored this parasite. The observations of Dr Riley show
that this insect usually emerges in the spring, though occasionally
individuals come forth in the autumn.

This parasite has been reared from the following insects: Isia
isabella Abb. & Sm. Philosamia Cynthia Oru
Callosamia promethea Drury, Samia columbia
Smith, Samia cecropia linn. Telia polyphemus
Cram., Automeris io Fabr.and Apatelodes torre-
facta Abb. & Sm.

Description. Fulvo-ferruginous, stigma almost obsolete; mar-
ginal nervure sinuate, thickened toward the stigma; size large;
body 31 to 88 mm long; wing spread 43 to 56 mm. Head small,
antennae nearly as long as the body; ocelli prominent, black;
head yellowish posteriorly; eyes black, rather small; mandibles
bidentate, tipped with black. Mesothorax convex; scutellum and
postscutellum prominent; anterior portion of metathorax de-
pressed; posterior portion rugose, limited anteriorly by a trans-
verse carina; lateral carinae present. Wings hyaline; marginal
nervure thickened, sinuate near the small stigma; cubitodiscoidal
nervure never appendiculate, usually strongly sinuate; third dis-

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 103

coidal cell considerably wider at apex than base; hooks on hind
wings 13 to 15. Legs long, honey yellow. Abdomen long, strongly
compressed, usually darker at tip. Male claspers rather long,
subrectangular, obtusely rounded at apex.

Described from 10 examples.

Cocoon. The larva leaves the shriveled remains of its victim
when full grown and pupates within the cocoon spun before the
demise of its host. The cocoon is tough, oval, about 32 mm long
and 17 mm broad, and occupies the larger portion of that spun
by its prey. It is composed of silk agglutinated by a dark secre-
tion. Hxteriorly it is a dark brown color, with a faint yellowish
or golden band around the center. The interior is thinly lined
with a transparent substance and possesses a brilliant metallic
luster.

Distribution. The recorded distribution of this insect is from
New England to California and from Canada to Texas, indicating
that the species ranges over practically the whole of the United
States and north into Canada. It has been reported from the
following localities: Canada, New England, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, District of Columbia, Virginia, Louisiana,
Illinois, Missouri, Nebraska, Colorado, Texas, Nevada and Cali-
fornia.

Specimens have also been examined from the following locali-
ties: Ottawa, Canada [Harrington]; New York city |[Joutel] ;
Dutchess county, N. Y. and Rock Creek park, Washington D. C.
[U.S. Nat. Mus.] and from Malden and Amherst Mass. [Fernald].

Bibliography

1846 Brulle, Auguste. Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymenopt. p.138. (Described as
rugosus)

1862-63 Seudder, 8S. H. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 9:188-89 (Mentioned as
O. cecropiae)

1863 Norton, Edward. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc. 1:359

1863 Sanborn, F. G. Mass. State Bd Agric. Rep’t, p.169 (Mentioned as
O. cecropiae)

1863 Trouvelet. Amer. Nat. 1:89-91, fig1 (Method of oviposition, par-
asitic on Telea polyphemus)

1868 Smith. Ent. Soc. Lond. Proce. p.xxxii

1869 Packard, A. S. Guide Study Ins. p.195, fig.27 (Parasitic on Telea
polyphemus)

1870 Riley, ©. V. Am. Ent. 2:100, fig.63, 64

104 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

1872 Ins. Mo. 4th Rept, p.107-8, 129, fig.87, 38 (Parasitic on Samia
cecropia, oviposition, habits of larva)

1880 Am, Ent. 3:134, fig.52 (Parasitic on Isia isabella)

1870 Chambers, V. T. Am. Ent. 2:156 (From Telea polyphemus)

1873 Cresson, E. T. Am. Ent. Soc. Trans. 4:169 (Krom Texas)

1875 Geol. and Geog. Sur. Ter. Rep’t. Zool. 5:708 (From eastern
Nevada) i

1874 Saunders, William. Wnt. Soc. Ont. 5th Rep’t. p.25, fig.20, 21 (Para-
sitic on Samia cecropia, oviposition, habits of larva)

1875 7th Rep’t, p.42, fig.29, 42 (Parasitic on Telea poly-
phemus)

1883 —— —— 13th Rep'’t, p.17, fig.11- (Same as preceding)

1882 —— Can. Ent. 14:48, fig.7 (Same as preceding)

1883 Ins. Inj. Fruits. p.78, 175, 212, fig.73, 74 (Habits, parasitic

on Samia cecropia, Telea polyphemus and Auto-
meris i0) : a

1876 Worthington, C. E. Can. HMnt. 8:220 (Parasitic on Telea poly-
phemus)

1879 Provancher, L’Abbé L. Nat. Can. 11:116, 117 (Table of species, de-
scription)

1883 Clarkson, Frederick. Can. Ent. 15:162 (Describes cocoon, parasitic
on Telea polyphemus) 3

1884 Comstock, J. H. Kingsley’s Stand. Nat. Hist. 2:515, fig.643 (Habits,
parasitic on Telea polyphemus)

1884 Weed, C.M. Papilio, 4:112 (Parasite of Samia columbia)

1887 Waterhouse. Ent. Soc. Lond. Proc. p.83 (Parasite of Callo-
samia promethea)

1889 Fallou. Ent. Soc. France Bul. 6, 9 :cxxxii

1889 Coquillett, D. W.. Insect Life, 1:286 (Mention)

1890 Ashmead, W.H. Col. Biol. Ass’n Bul. 1, p.48 (Listed)

Am. Wnt. Soe. Trans. 23:192 (Compared with Eremotylus
aretiae)

1890 Riley, C. V. & Howard, L. 0. Insect Life, 2:3838 (Parasitic on A t-
tacus promethea), 3:154 (Bred from Telea poly-
phemiuls; “Samia (cecropia, | Apatelio dies iro mie ss
facta)

1890 Bruner, Lawrence. Neb. Agric. Hxp. Sta. Bul. 14, p.14, 15, fig.4, 5
(Parasitic on Samia cecropia)

1890 Perkins, G. H. Vt. State Bd Agric. 11th Rep’t, separate, p.10 (Men-
tion)

1890 Smith, J. B. Cat. Ins. N. J. p.25 (Histed)

1893-94 N. J. Agric. Exp. Sta. Rep’t, p.582, fig.167. (Reference)

1896 —— Heo. Ent. p.382, fig.440 (Mention)

1900 Ins. N. J. p.580, fig.273 (Listed)

1891 Lintner, J. A. Ins. N. Y. ‘th Rep’t, p.228 (Parasitic on Isia
isabella)

1891 Harrington, W. W. Wnt. Soc. Ont. 21st Rep’t, p.67, fig.31 (Parasitic
on Telea polyphemus)

1892 Osborn, Herbert. Part. Cat. Animals Ia. p.15 (listed)

1894 Fyles, T. W. Ent. Soc. Ont. 25th Rep’t, p.55, fig.38 (Transforms
within hosts—Saturniidae)

1896 Evand, J. D. Can. Ent. 28:10 (Listed)

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 105

Eremotylus arctiae Ashm.

This species is by no means rare, though not recognized as a
distinct form till 1890 owing to its having been confused with
Erem. macrurus, which it closely resembles. A critical
examination of the material in the state collection, Dr Lintner’s
private collection, and that from Cornell University, lent by Pro-
fessor Comstock, has resulted in the finding of several examples
of this species. Two specimens were taken in the trap lanterns
at Cornell; one Aug. 3 and the other Aug. 22, 1889. Owing to the
kindness of Messrs Howard and Ashmead, we have been per-
mitted to examine a type of this species. -

Hosts. This species is parasitic mostly on some of the arctians,
though it has also been reared from saturnians. The following
hosts are known: Ecpantheria deflorata Fabr.,,
Diacrisia virginica Fabr, Automeris io Fabr.
and Callosamia promethea Drury.

Description. The following is Mr Ashmead’s description:

In Erem. macrurus, the wings have a decided fulvous
tinge and the veins are fulvous; the second recurrent nervure is
about twice as long as the first recurrent nervure, the third
discoidal cell, therefore, is much wider at apex than at base; in
EKrem. arctiae, the wings are entirely without the fulvous
tinge and the basal nervure, tips of median and discal nervures
vary from brown to black, or piceo-black; the second recurrent
nervure is only slightly longer than the first recurrent nervure,
the cubital nervure being arcuate and the third discoidal cell,
therefore, is about as wide at apex as at base; in Erem.
macrurus, the transverse metathoracic carina is always more
or less distinctly sinuated at the middle, in Erem. arctiae
it is straight. In Erem. arctiae the hooks on the hind
wings vary from seven to nine; in Hrem. macrurus they
are from 18 to 15; in the former the claws are pectinate; in the
latter simple.

Male 26 mm long, wing expanse 85 mm; female 20 to 28 mm
long, wing expanse 36 to 40 mm.

Figure 6 on plate 2 represents the wing characters of Erem.
macrurus. In Erem. aretiae the cubitodiscoidal
nervure is arcuate; in the type examined it was a nearly perfect
arc, but in other specimens there was a slight tendency to the

106 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

sinuous course usually so marked in Hrem.macrurus. The
form of the third discoidal cell in the type was a little more regu-
lar than in our specimens and the first and second recurrent ner-
vures were more nearly of an equal length. The wings of Hrem.
arctiae appear to be proportionately wider than in Erem.
macrurus. Inastudy of examples of Erem. macrurus,
I find the claws pectinate as wellasin Erem. arctiae. The
claspers of the male in the former species are rather long, sub-
rectangular and obtusely rounded at tip, while in the latter they
are Subtriangular and acutely rounded at tip.

Distribution. This species is probably as widely distributed
over this county as is Erem. macrurus. It isknown to
occur in New York, New Jersey, District of Columbia, Alabama,
Mississippi and California, and specimens ‘are before the writer
from the following localities: Ottawa, Canada [Harrington] ;
Malden and Amherst Mass. [Fernald]; Michigan, Onaga Kan.,
Santa Cruz mountains and bred from Halisidota agas-
8izii by Coquillett, Los Angeles Cal. [U. S. Nat. Mus.] There
is a specimen from Pennsylvania and one from Texas in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge Mass.

Bibliography

1890 Riley, C. V. & Howard, L. 0. Insect Life, 3:155 (Bred from Isia
isabella, Ecpantheria deflorata, Automeris io
from Cal., as O. arctiae Riley M. S.) }

1891 Lintner, J. A. Ins. N. Y. 7th Rep’t, p.228 (Bred from Isia isa-
bella, as O. arctiae Riley M. S.)

1896 Ashmead, W. H. Am. Ent. Soc. Trans. 23:192 (Original descrip-
tion)

Eremotylus glabratus Say

This species is apparently quite closely related to Hrem.
arctiae Ashm. and it is possible that this latter is a synonym
of Say’s species but that can be determined with certainty only
by examining the type, which is apparently not in existence. A
small example of Hrem. arctiae corresponds very well
indeed with the original description of this rare form. There is a
cocoon in the Harris collection in the rooms of the Boston Society
of Natural History, labeled “Ophion glabratum” but no

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 107

adult accompanies it though a specimen of O. bilineatum
Say was in close proximity to the cocoon. There is apparently
nothing in that collection which can be used in the identification
of this species. A specimen in the United States national collec-
tion has been labeled by Dr Ashmead as Eremotylus gla-
bratus Say. It corresponds very closely with the description
of Erem. arctiae. The most apparent differences are in
its small size and the comparatively slender marginal or radial
nervure with no distinct angle or tooth near the stigma, a
character which is usually well marked in both Erem. mac-
murs Linn. and Hrem. arctiae.

This species has undoubtedly been erroneously identified in a
number of collections and the following references, except that of
its original describer, in all probability relate to something else.
Prof. G. C. Davis some years ago informed me that but one in-
dividual of this species was known to be in existence and that was
in his possession. Say’s original description of this insect is
reproduced below :

Honey yellow; a glabrous spot in the large cubital cellule.

Body dull honey yellow; head bright yellow; antennae, mouth
and stemmata honey-yellow; eyes blackish; wings, first cubital
cellule beyond its middle with a longitudinally oval glabrous
space, but destitute of any opaque spot; metathorax transversely
wrinkled near the petiole of the abdomen.

Length about 5 inch.

Bibliography

18385 Say, Thomas. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 1:2839 (Original description ) ;
same in Compl. Wr. LeConte ed. 2:695

1862 Cresson, E. T. Wnt. Soc. Phila. Proce. 1:206 (Listed)

1863 Norton, Edward. Wnt. Soc. Phila. Proc. 1:358

1890 Riley, C. V. & Howard, L. 0. Insect Life, 3:155 (Bred from
Hyphantria cunea)

1890 Smith, J.B. Cat. Ins. N. J. p.25 (Listed)

1899 Ins. N. J. sup. State Bd Agric. 27th Rep’t, p.580 (Listed)

Table for separation of species of Eniscopilus

a Larger chitinous spot in glabrous area of cubitodiscoidal cell, not ap-

TCC UI eee erste sre af weal S72: wate eens oie teis tahoe! on sus) bo ve'eiecoce e purgatus Say

aa Larger chitinous spot in glabrous area of cubitodiscoidal cell, appendicu-
late

108 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

b Chitinous process extending from larger chitinous spot along the pos-
terior margin of the glabrous area and partly around its distal por-
tion. Male clasps obtusely rounded arcuatus Felt

bb Chitinous process from the larger spot not extending beyond the mid-
dle of the glabrous area. Smaller chitinous spot nearly circular
and slightly posterior to the center of the glabrous area....

appendiculatus Felt

Eniscopilus purgatus Say
This species is easily recognized by the two opaque, chitinous
The great tenuity and length of
marked, and is fre-

spots in the cubitodiscoidal cell.
the basal two abdominal segments is very
quently of service in identifying the insect, though this is also
ap-
It is the species of this genus most fre-

irue of the much rarer Enis. arcuatus and Enis.
pendiculatus.
quently found in the East while collecting in the daytime and the
one most common in collections.

Life history and habits. The imagos fly from the last of June
till the last of September.

puscular in habit since they are attracted to lights to a certain

They are diurnal and probably cre-
extent, as is shown by the trap lantern experiments conducted at
the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station in 1889.

Trap lantern records

1889 1892
JUNE | JULY AUG. SEP. 3 | JULY | AUG. =|
a) = 5
O'} io)
GELE IE 20) a1| 23] 24} 15) 20| 21] 27) 8] 41] 14) 12} 30| 1918
Male ..... Noe ees = Pa Ripe ieee... =
Female..| 1| 1| 21 1 1] 1) 2 Ql. SSeS eee 2) 3

It will be seen by examining the record for 1889, that there
are three distinct periods, separated by a space of about two
weeks, in which this species was taken. Thus none were captured
between July 5 and 18, July 24 and Aug. 15. These two non-
productive periods may have been caused by climatic conditions,
though it is hardly probable that unfavorable weather of any
kind would prevent the species from flying by night for 13 con-
secutive days, to say nothing of the other period of three weeks.
It may be that this periodicity indicates three broods or at least

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 19038 109

periods when the imagos are more abundant, but in the absence of
more data nothing but a surmise can be advanced.

The large number of females taken in the trap lantern reduces
its value as a means of destroying noxious insects. Dr Packard
observed that the bean-shaped egg of this insect was ‘attached to
the skin of the larval host by a pedicle, and that the newly
hatched grub does not entirely leave the eggshell till it has eaten
a hole into the side of its victim. It would therefore appear as
though the sharpness of the oyipositor was largely for defensive
purposes. The females can inflict a slight sting that will smart
for half a minute or more, but the pain is by no means severe.

Hosts. This insect has been most frequently brought to notice
as a parasite of the very destructive army worm, Heliophila
unipuncta Haw. on which it is a very efficient check. The
army worm was abundant in many localities throughout the
country in 1896, when the numerous oblong, silken cocoons of this
parasite attracted Professor Lugger’s attention in Minnesota
fields infested by army worms. ‘This is the best evidence obtain-
able of its value as a parasite. We have reared it from the zebra
caterpillar, Mamestra picta Harr. another injurious
species, the grub emerging from the larva and pupating July 24,
the adult appearing Sep. 13. Records indicate this to be one of
the most valuable species of the genus, since it preys on several
insects of considerable economic importance. It has been reared
in addition to those named above, from Mamestra trifolii
hott, Scoliopteryx libatrix linn. Schizura con-
cinna Abb. & Sm., and 8S. unicornis Abb. & Sm. It has
- also been bred from a dipterous Solidago gall and several uni-
dentified lepidopterous larvae. It probably has a number of other
hosts. We have also seen a specimen reared from the Polyphemus
caterpillar, Telea polyphemus Cram., in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology at Cambridge Mass. |

Description. Fulvo-ferruginous; stigma small; two subtriangu-
lar, opaque chitinous spots in the cubitodiscoidal cell.

Head medium; antennae nearly as long as the body; ocelli

black, about equidistant from each other and the eyes; dorsal and
posterior portions of head yellow; mandibles bidentate and tipped

110 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

with black. Thorax sericeous; mesothorax convex ; scutellum and
postscutellum prominent; metathorax slightly depressed anterior
of the transverse carina; lateral carinae distinct. Wings hyaline;
marginal nervure thickened and slightly sinuate near the stigma;
cubitodiscoidal nervure usually strongly sinuate but not appen-
diculate, its bulla scarcely one fourth the width of the third dis-
coidal cell from its apex; two subtriangular opaque spots occur
in the glabrous area of the cubitodiscoidal cell, the larger one
with no arcuate continuation along the margin of the glabrous
area, though a small chitinous line may be seen near the smaller
spot.

Legs honey yellow; abdomen strongly compressed, darker at
the tip; first and second segments remarkably long and slender;
claspers of male subtriangular, obliquely truncate, acute poste-
riorly.

Length about 22 mm, wing spread about 26 mm. Described
from numerous examples.

The cocoon is a silken, brown, tough, oblong oval object.

Distribution. The recorded distribution of this insect is as
follows: New England, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Virginia, Carolinas, Florida, Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri,
Iowa, Colorado, Arizona, Nevada, California and Canada. Ex-
amples of this species from Georgia, Oregon and Washington, in
addition to some of the states named above, occur in the collection
of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia. Specimens
of this species are now before the writer from the following local-
ities: Kansas; California; Virginia; Fox Point, Alaska [| Harri-
man Expedition ’99|; Flatbush N. Y., Victoria Tex., St Louis Mo.,
Durham N. H., and Arizona, all being in the collections of the
United States National Museum. Specimens from Colorado, Las
Vegas N. M., Cheyenne Wy., and Michigan were lent to the
writer by Professor Gillette. Specimens from New York were
received from Mr L. H. Joutel, and Mr W. W. Harrington kindly
sent examples from Grimsby Ont. (taken June 6), Toronto (taken
July 27, Aug. 24 and Sep. 3), Winnipeg (taken in June), Osoyoos
B. C. (taken in May) and from Ottawa, Canada. Specimens
from Malden and Amherst Mass. (taken Aug. 1, 2, 12 and 21)
were lent to us by Prof. C. H. Fernald. The species is doubtless
distributed over the whole of the United States and the larger
portion of Canada.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 111

Bibliography

Say, Thomas. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 1:238-39 (Original descrip-
tion ) :

Compl. Wr. LeConte ed. 2:694 (Same as preceding)

Brulle, Auguste. Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymenopt. p.141 (As O.later-
alis)

Norton, Edward. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc. 1:206, 358 (Distribution)

Riley, C. V. Ins. Mo. 2d Rep’t, p.58, fig.25 (General notice)

Sth Rep’t, p.54, fig.38 (Parasite of Heliophila
unipuncta, habitat, cocoon described)

— Mass. State Bd Agric. 25th Rep’t, p.252 (Parasite of H.
unipuneta):

U. S. Ent. Com. 3d Rep’t, p.128, pl.2, fig.5 (Parasite of H.

unipuncta; eggs, habits of larva described)

N. J. State Bd Agric. 15th An. Rep’t 1887, p.528, fig.1 (Men-
tion)

Cresson, E. T. Geog. and Geol. Sur. Ter. Rep’t. Zool. 5:708 (From
eastern Nevada)

Provancher, L’Abbvé L. Nat. Can. 11:117 (Table of species of Ophion
description ) ;

16 :34

19 :248

Caulfield, F. B. Can. Hnt. 16:122-23 (Parasite of Mamestra
picta; cocoon described)

Hnt. Soc. Ont. 15th Rep't, p.41 (Same as preceding)

Fletcher, James. Cen. Wxp. Farm (Can.) Rep’t, p.29 (Parasite of
Schizura concinna)

Lugger, Otto. Univ. Minn. Bien. Rep’t Regents, p.366-67, fig.31
(Parasites of H. unipuncta)

Ent. Minn. Agric. Exp. Sta. 2d Rep’t, p.17, fig10 (Abundant

in fields with army worm)

Minn. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bul. 48, p.45, 46 eee as preceding)

Webster, F. M. U.S. Dep’t Agric. Div. Ent. Bul. 22, p.46 (Reared
from Scoliopteryx libatrix)

O. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bul. 45, p.169

Ashmead, W. H. Col. Biol. Ass’n Bul. 1, p.43 (Histed)

Riley, C. V. & Howard, L. 0. Insect Life, 2:382 (Reared from
ee iat [oy 2h 1h et 5) ;

2:155 (Bred from Mamestra trifolia, Schizura
tials: nis et al)

Packard, A. S. U. S. Hnt. Com. 5th Rep’t, p.269 (Parasite of
Schizura unicornis)

Smith, J. B. Cat. Ins. N. J. p.25 (listed)

—— Ins. N. J. List, p.580, fig.274 (As HEnicospilus)

Harrington, W. W. Ent. Soc. Ont. 21st Rep’t, p.67 (Parasite of
army worm)

Osborn, Herbert. Part. Cat. Animals Ia. p.15 (Listed)

Evans. Can. Ent. 28:10 (Listed)

Panton. Wnt. Soc. Ont. 27th Rep’t, p.51 (Parasite of army worm)

112 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Eniscopilus arcuatus Felt

This comparatively rare species may be easily separated from
E.purgatus Say, with which it has heretofore been confused,
by the well marked chitinous, usually yellowish, arcuate con-
tinuation of the larger opaque spot in the cubitodiscoidal cell.
This structure extends along the posterior border of the glabrous
area in that cell to a point beyond the smaller opaque spot. It
may also be recognized by the bulla of the cubitodiscoidal cell
being at a distance equal to one half the width of the third dis-
coidal cell from the apex of the same [pl. 1].

This species was described in the February issue of Psyche,
1902, page 307-8, and its characterization is reproduced herewith:

Light fulvo-ferruginous, the larger opaque chitinous spot of the
cubitodiscoidal cell with a distinct arcuate continuation extend-
ing along the hinder margin of the glabrous area and partly
around the smaller chitinous spot.

Head medium, yellowish posteriorly, face yellowish, antennae
slightly longer than the body; ocelli black, equidistant; mandi-
bles bidentate, fuscus apically. Thorax, sericeous; mesothorax,
convex; scutellum and postscutellum, prominent, the former yel-
lowish; metathorax slightly depressed in front of the transverse
carina; lateral carinae distinct. Wings hyaline, having hardly a
trace of the fuscus visible in Ophion (Eniscopilus)
purgatts Say; marginal nervure slightly thickened and sin-
uate near the small stigma; cubitodiscoidal nervure, weakly
sinuate, not appendiculate; its bulla one half the width of the
third discoidal cell from its apex; two subtriangular opaque spots
in the glabrous area of the cubitodiscoidal cell, the larger one
with a chitinous, usually yellowish continuation along the hinder
margin of the glabrous area to a point beyond the smaller
chitinous spot, which latter is anterior and lateral of the center
of the glabrous area. Legs, honey yellow. Abdomen, strongly
compressed, slightly darker at the tip, the first and second seg-
ments being very slender. The claspers of the male are rounded
apically.

Length about 23 mm. Wing spread from 30 to 35 mi.

Habitat, Albany N. Y. May 6, 1876 [W. M. Hill] ; Ithaca N. Y.,
July 16, 1889 [J. M. Stedman]; New York city [L. H. Joutel];
Malden Mass. [C. H. Fernald]; Poughkeepsie N. Y. [ Young, col-
lector]; South Britain Ct. 1884 [G. F. Pierce].

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 le

There are examples of this species from Cambridge Mass. in
the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and from
Georgia and New Hampshire in the collection of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. There is a specimen in the col-
lections of the United States National Museum labeled “Coll. C. V.
Riley,” and one in the Bolter Collection at the University of Ili-
nois from Illinois. Types are in the New York State Museum
and also at Cornell University.

Eniscopilus appendiculatus Felt

This form is even rarer than the preceding. It was originally
described from one specimen which came into my possession
through the kindness of Dr J. B. Smith, New Brunswick N. J.
This specimen probably came from New Jersey and is deposited
as a type in the New York State Museum. A study of the collec-
tions of others has revealed two specimens in the collections of the
United States National Museum, one marked ‘“ Collection C. V.
Riley ” and the other “ From Selma, October 1880, W. H. Patton.”
This form is evidently southern in its habitat and it may be sepa-
rated from the preceding species by the following characteristics
which were given in the February issue of Psyche, 1902, page 308:

Light fulvo-ferruginous, larger opaque spot of the cubitodiscoi-
dal cell with a small extension on its posterior angle. The smaller

chitinous spot is nearly circular, light yellow in color and slightly
posterior to the center of the glabrous area [pl. 2, fig. 4].

This species differs in addition to the above characteristics
from the preceding one in having the cubitodiscoidal nervure
slightly angled and not sinuate. It is a smaller form, having a
length of 18 mm and a wing spread of about 27 mm.

Table of species of Ophion
a Wings hyaline
b Body usually strongly compressed, eyes large, extending nearly to the
base of the mandibles ;
ce Medium size, metathorax not areolated, male clasps subtriangu-

LANGA e aerate eae hose e ayern area mus eey cre Ghote ls tot ae Se talace bilineatum Say
ce Small, metathorax usually strongly areolated, male clasps short,
EO UMMA map lCAlliy erie sea) crete: austen elclo olertan, oc ousleels wrelaierecons tityri Pack.

-bb Body stout, not strongly compressed, eyes small, distant from base of
mandibles

114 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

e Cubitodiscoidal nervure usually not appendiculate

@ IDACELSTO US) C1 TUNOUSs oo sono sdccooo0s bifoveolatum Brullé
dd Ferruginous varied with black and venter of mesothorax usually
DIAG s. ces die deuce eat ee ene oe Ge nigrovarium Proy.
ce Cubitodiscoidal nervure appendiculate, appendix extending into
Secondediscoidalgcellia same ereee eee abnormum Felt

aa Wings subhyaline é
b Wings distinctly ferruginous ............ ferruginipennis Felt

bb Wings yellowish, fuscous along apical costal margin..costale Cress

Ophion bilineatum Say
Two-lined Ophion

This species, next to the long-tailed and purged Ophions, is the
most abundant in collections and the one most frequently noticed
in entomologic literature. It may be easily separated from the
other more common forms by its medium to large size, strongly
compressed abdomen, by the subtriangular, obliquely truncate
male clasps and the appendiculate cubitodiscoidal nervure.

Life history and habits. Very little is recorded concerning the
life history and habits of this species. Its comparative rarity in
collections is probably explained by its crepuscular or nocturnal
habits, since our trap lantern record indicates that it is one of
the most abundant forms attracted to light.

Trap lantern records

1889
JUNE} JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER

ey l l
4| 30 sl 1 serloules 26 27{es 20 50 30/31] 1/ al al 4! 45 i: “| stunts 18 Bee 17/18 19

Males |e leet ae. a eet a “fla Qi... aE 4| 2). ice
Female..| 1... 1 1 1 3 1 al 4| 4| E 1 sfi2a0 6 6| i 9} 1) 313) 3 aati a

|
1889 1992
SEPTEMBER OocT, AUG. MAY | JUNE SEPTEMBER

| | | g [er Seer Z
20 ek 22/28 nace 28i29}30| 1] 2] 510} 22} =gol =~ asian it 19 20 23laaloslag!® S
Male.. | 2 2) Hil Sh ea ee Spleens Soe eT | | 2
Female fli ‘ Thi 23) 3| 3l11 9 i ct eh hn ks | co ees je | 2} a} a] aba} al a} ah

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 115

It will be seen by the above, that there is some indication of
periodicity in the captures, though nothing but what might be
caused by more or less favorable weather or the relative abund-
ance of the insects. There is certainly no indication of more than
one brood. It will be noticed that this species flies most
abundantly from about the middle to the last of September, and
may be found on the wing till nearly the middle of October.

Hosts. Very little is known regarding the species on which this
insect preys. The record is so meager that one can only surmise
as to the economic value of this parasite. It has been reared from
Mere ristda “virginica Fabr. Eeltia -gladiaria
Morrison, and Glaea inulta Grote. Dr Howard has re-
corded this species as possibly a parasite infesting Notolo-
phus leucostigma Abb. & Sm. to a limited extent. This
biief record suggests that this species may be parasitic on some of
the arctians and noctuids, and while the former are not of much
economic importance, such is not true of many of the latter, and
in the control of these, this species may play an important part.

Description. ulvo-ferruginous, stigma well developed, medium
size to rather large; length of body about 19 mm; wing spread
about 50 mm.

Head medium, antennae as long or longer than the body;
eyes and ocelli black; lateral ocelli a little distant from the
eyes; dorsal and dorsocaudal aspect of head yellowish; man-
dibles bidentate and tipped with black. Mesothorax convex;
scutellum and postscutellum prominent; metathorax with incon-
stant raised lines. Wings hyaline with a glabrous elliptic spot
near the stigma in the cubitodiscoidal cell; cubitodiscoidal nery-
ure appendiculate [pl.2, fig.3], legs honey yellow. Abdomen
rather strongly compressed, frequently a little darker at the ex-
tremity; male claspers subtriangular, obliquely truncate, and
acute posteriorly.

Described from numerous specimens.

There are some very small representatives of this species from
the Adirondack mountains that approach closely in size and gen-
eral appearance the following form. They may be separated,
however, by the relatively shorter, more compressed abdomen and
by the thorax being as dark as other portions of the body.

Distribution. This insect has a wide distribution over the
United States and the southern portion of Canada, though it has

116 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

not been reported from every state in the Union. Its recorded
distribution is as follows: New England, New York, New Jersey,
Virginia, Maryland, District of Columbia, Florida, Louisiana,
Michigan, Iowa, Missouri, Colorado, Texas, Montana, Nevada,
Lake Winnipeg and Sudbury, Ontario. |

Bibliography
1828 Say, Thomas. Macl. Lye. Arts Sci. Contrib. p.75 (Original descrip-

tion)
1835 — Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 1:248 (Mention)
1883 —— —— Compl. Wr. LeConte ed. 1:378 (Habitat Indiana)
1862. Cresson, E. T. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proce. 1:206 (Listed )
1873 Am. Ent. Soe. Trans. 4:169 (In Texas)
1875

Geog. and Geol. Sur. Ter. Rep’t Zool. 5:708 (From eastern

Nevada) i. |

1863 Norton, Edward. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc. 1:358 (Distribution)

1863 Sanborn, F.G. Mass. State Bd. Agric. Rep’t, p.169 (Bile
mentioned )

1871 Riley, C. V. Ins. Mo. 3d Rep’t, p.69 (Parasite of Spulonoe
virginica)

N. Am. Fauna no.7, p.247 (Sonoma county, Cal.)

1879 Provancher, L’AbvE L. Nat. Can. 11:117-18, fig (Table of species,
description )

7 16:34 (Listed)

1882 Packard, A. S. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 21:19 (O. tityri sepa-
rated from this species)

1883 Saunders, William. Ins. Inj. Fruits, p.278, fig.282 (Parasite of
Spilosoma virginica)

1888 Lintner, J. A. Ins. N. Y. 4th Rep’t, p.205 (At Coeyman N. Y.)

1889 Scudder, §.H. Butterflies of N. Ong. 3: 1880, pl.88, fig¢.8 (O.tityri
supposed to be a variety)

1890 Riley, C. V. & Howard, L.0. Insect Life,3:155 (Bred from Glaea
inulta and Agrotis morrisoniana, habitat)

1890 Ashmead, W. H. Col. Biol. Ass’n Bul. 1, p.43 (Listed )

1890 Perkins, C. H. Vt. State Bd. Agric. 11th Rep’t, separate, p.10
(Mention) ‘

1890 Smith, J. B. Cat. Ins. N. J. p.25 (Not common at Caldwell)

1891 Harrington, W. H. Ent. Soc. Ont. 21st Rep’t, p.67 (Parasite of
white miller moths)

1892 Osborn, Herbert. Part. Cat. Animals Ia. p.15 (Common )

1896 Evans, J.D. Can. Ent. 28:10 (Listed)

1897 Howard, L. 0. U. 8S. Dep’t Agric. Div. Ent. Bul. 5, Tech. Ser. p.30
(Possibly a parasite of Orgyia leucostigma)

Ophion tityri Pack.
This species resembles O. bilineatum Say closely in its
general appearance, and it may be an earlier occurring dimor-

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 inly¢

phic form but we have no evidence of this and for the present it
must be regarded as a distinct species. It may be separated from
the preceding by its smaller size, relatively shorter and flatter
abdomen, and by the difference in the form of the male genitalia.

Life history and habits. Comparatively little is known of the
life history and habits of this insect, since it has been so fre-
quently confused with O. bilineatum. There appears to be
but one published notice of this parasite since its description in
1882, and in that it is not recognized as a distinct form. This
species can hardly be regarded as rare, since over 100 individuals
were taken in the trap lantern experiments at Cornell University

and it has been frequently collected by the writer and also met
with in other collections.

Trap lantern records

1889

MAY

5 | 8} 9) 10) 11) 14) 15 16 17| 18

Male ..... a aie es (cos aaa | ees ietleae wiles csi Flee et
Female... 1| 1) 1) 3] 1 i 3) 1] 9) 4 i 7 Biba seule is
1889
JUNE JULY AUG.
7 i ss Ratt 78 oes
al 3 4 s| el sl xl tal 161 27/9] orl on) ~Sa) al al onl an) a] ol ar
Malew.)a.s|eon- i te |S a 5 ees ae a ca Leek Tah nto ae Se ape eats te
Female ..| 2} 2} 1 3) 2) 1 3) 1 2) 2 1) 4) 2 1 1} 3) 3) af at a)
isso 1892
SEP a |MAY JUNE JULY AUG. ss
ipelectatal ee pea 0 2 pra paed mer eee ese tall ea | =
7} 301 & BA ay ad a
ET aan ee ea | Bolen 2 (|| Sarl Prt ee Sos aa Fee sa Flee a EE ee
“yeu es ec ee | PE a) 3) 3) 4] 4}... a) a) a] | a} a] 6
l }

118 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

A glance at the above table will show that this insect has a well
defined period of flight, and one that does not overlap the time
O. bilineatum is abroad, except in the case of scattering
individuals. This species appears early in May, is most abund-
ant the latter part of the month, and occurs somewhat rarely
during June with belated individuals in July, August and Sep-
tember, while O. bilineatum does not occur till August and
then only in scattering numbers till the latter part of the month.
This marked difference in the time of flight between these two
parasites indicates that either they are two broods of the same
insect or else that they are distinct species. The structyral differ-
ence to be described later must be regarded as proofs of. their
distinctness. The large eyes and many individuals taken in the
trap lantern indicate a crepuscular or nocturnal habit.

Hosts. This parasite has been reared from Epargyreus
tityrus Fabr. Prof. G. C. Davis, when at the Michigan Agri-
cultural College Experiment Station, wrote us that he had bred
the insect repeatedly from Halisidota caryae Hatris and
Symmerista albifrons Abb. € Sm. It is probably para-
sitic on a number of other related insects.

Description. Ferruginous or fulvo-ferruginous with frequently
a decidedly fulvous tinge on the thorax, which latter is shorter
and the abdomen considerably shorter than inO. bilineatus.

Face ferruginous, or laterally fulvous; head medium; mandibles
bidentate, tipped with dark brown, clypeal fossae deep, antennae
usually longer than the body; the fossae at their bases not deep;
eyes large, reaching nearly to the base of the mandibles. Ocelli
black, nearly contiguous and the posterior close to the eyes.
Thorax short, ferruginous or fulvo-ferruginous; mesothorax con-
vex; scutellum and postscutellum prominent; metathorax usually
with very prominent carinae inclosing deep, four sided areas, and
the pedicel of the abdomen surrounded by a high carina. Wings
hyaline; cubitodiscoidal nervure strongly appendiculate. First
recurrent nervure only about one third the length of the second;
bulla of the latter close to the cubitodiscoidal nervure, and that
of the latter nearer the second discoidal nervure than the appen-
dix. Legs long, fulvo-ferruginous; abdomen much shorter than in
O. bilineatus, very strongly compressed and the posterior
segments usually darker in color. Clasps of male subtriangular,
obtusely rounded, length 14 mm, wing spread 26 to 30 mm. De-
scribed from numerous specimens of both sexes.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 119

Distribution. This species is widely and probably generally dis-
tributed in the northern United States and southern Canada. It
was described from Massachusetts, has been met with in numbers
at both Albany and Ithaca N. Y. and was repeatedly reared by
Professor Davis in Michigan. In addition we have specimens be-
fore us from New York city [Joutel]; Ottawa, May 19, 24 and
June 8, Toronto, August 24, Grimsby, June 6, Port Hope, May 5,
and Vancouver Island, May 3, all from Canada through the kind-
ness of Mr W. H. Harrington.

Bibliography

1882 Packard, A. 8S. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 21:19 (Original descrip-
tion )

1889 Scudder, 8S. H. Butterflies N. Eng. 3:1872, 1880, pl.88, fig.8 (As
O. bilineatum; parasite of Epargyreus tityrus)

Ophion bifoveolatum Brullé

This species is one of the more common forms belonging to the
genus and if one may judge from trap lantern records, it is
largely diurnal and not crepuscular or nocturnal as in the case
of some of its close allies. This conclusion is further borne out
by the reduced size of the eyes, being decidedly smaller than in
related species and distant from the mandibles. This species
occurred in the trap lantern material taken at Ithaca in very
small numbers compared to those of the closely allied Ophion
bilineatum Say. It has a somewhat exceptional host in
white grubs, compared with other members of the genus and so
far as known to us has not been reared from any other species.

Description. Fulvo-ferruginous with small eyes distant from
mouth; costal vein inclined to black; cubitodiscoidal nervure
rarely appendiculate; bulla of the second recurrent nervure
usually close to tip of cubitodiscoidal nervure and abdomen less
compressed than in its close allies.

Head medium; face frequently fulvous laterally, broad; man-
dibles stout with black tips; clypeal fossae deep and usually
black; antennae dark brown, stout and not as long as the body;
ocelli black and equidistant. Thorax sometimes dark brown,
finely punctured and with sutures more or less black; meso-
thorax convex; scutellum and postscutellum prominent, the
former sometimes a light ferruginous; dorsum of metathorax is
usually smooth. Wings hyaline; stigma well developed; costal

120 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

and adjacent veins inclined to black; cubitodiscoidal vein usually
smoothly arched and rarely appendiculate; bulla of second re- .
current nervure usually close to tip of cubitodiscoidal nervure
[pl. 2, fig. 2]. Legs uniformly ferruginous; claws pectinate.
Abdomen sometimes slightly darker at.tip and not strongly
compressed but relatively thicker and shorter. Male clasps stout,
rather long, obliquely rounded and rather acute at tip.
Length about 15 mm. Wing spread about 28 mm..

This species occurs abroad during the latter part of May and
very early in June. Specimens are at hand from Ottawa, Canada
taken May 30 and June 6 [Harrington]; Fort Lee N.J. taken May
29 [Joutel] ; Malden Mass. taken May 4 [Fernald]; Belfrage Tex.,
Washington D.C., taken in May [United States National
Museum] besides various New York localities. This species has
been recorded from the following localities: Mt Washington
N.H., New Jersey, New York, Illinois, lowa, Colorado and Texas.
The record of captures in trap lanterns at Ithaca in 1889 and 1892

is given below:
Trap lantern records

1889 1892
MAY JUNE MAY JUNE
3 3
6 | 6
24| 26) 3] 4] 8] 21) 26 & 30/ 1) 2) 3] sl 1) 16) 25) a8/e
IN oie eee er eerie a aes al ret age ee oe |e tae alles arate calls we ill aces | ae 7A alt es ee 3
Female..... i <a a al 1) ry S| tare ena 2 We Sa Ty a ee
}

Bibliography

1846 Brulle, Auguste. Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymenopt. p.188 (Description)

1862 Cresson, E. T. Wnt. Soc. Phila. Proce. p.206 (Listed)

1865 —— 4:284 (From Colorado)

1873 Trans. 4:169 (From Texas)

1863 Norton, Edward. Wnt. Soe. Phila. Proc. 1:358 (Specific characters)

1874 Provancher, L’Abbvé A. Nat. Can. 6:108 (Table of species)

1879 11:117 (Table of species), p.118 (Description)

1890 Ashmead, W. H. Col. Biol. Ass’n Bul. 1, p.48 (Listed)

1890 Smith, J. B. Cat. Ins. N. J. p.25 (listed)

1892 Osborn, Herbert. Part. Cat. Animals Ia. p.15 (Listed)

1892 Riley, C. V. Ent. Soc. Wash. Proce. 2:184 (Parasite of Lachnos-
terna fusea)

1891-92 Forbes, S. A. Ins. Ill. 18th Rep’t 1894, p.125 (Parasite of white
grub)

1896 Ill. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bul. 44, p.272 (Same.as preceding)

1894 Slosson, A. T. Ent. News,5:4 (In alpine regions of Mt Washington)

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 121

Ophion nigrovarium Prov.

This species is undoubtedly closely related to the preceding
form, though we have been unable to examine the original type.
A few specimens from Colorado which we provisionally assigned
to O. bifoveolatum, are exceptionally highly colored, and
they probably belong to this species; in which event we are in-
clined to believe that it is but a variety of the preceding. A
translation of the original description is as follows:

6 Length .6 inch (pouce). Yellowish red varied with black.
Head yellow; base and tip of the mandibles, two punctures on
the top of the clypeus, the fossa at the insertion of the antennae,
with the eyes are of a more or less deep brown. Eyes short, with
almost no slope above. Posterior ocelli distant from each other,
but close to the eyes. Antennae stout and short, brown. A
puncture before the tegulae; the scutellum pale yellow.
Thorax yellow; superior border of the prothorax, base of the
scutellum, base of the metathorax, its sutures, upper sides of
mesothorax, base of the four posterior coxae, black. Metathorax
without distinct carinae. Wings slightly smoky; costal nervures
brown, stigma yellow. Feet yellow, the anterior coxae in front
and the posterior coxae behind more or less spotted with brown.
First and second segments of abdomen brown; the posterior seg-
ment also brown on the inferior border.

?Of a clearer yellow than the 6. Coxae entirely yellow, ex-
cept in their articulation with the body. Base and extremity
of abdomen of a deep shade of brown. Otherwise like the male.
Described from two specimens. Inhabits Canada. [Nat. Can.
6 :104]

Ophion abnormum n.sp.

A single specimen of this form was received from Colorado
through the kindness of Prof. C. P. Gillette, who labeled it
no. 2105. This species is very closely allied to what we have
considered a light form of O. bifoveolatum Brullé.

Description. Fulvous, with indistinct ferruginous markings on
the thorax and abdomen, except that the dorsum of the thorax
has two distinct submedian fulvous lines and its lateral margins
are also bordered by stripes of the same color.. Wing spread
18 mm, length of body about 15 mm.

Head medium, face short, mandibles bidentate, tipped with
dark brown or black; clypeal fossae deep, dark brown; antennae
slightly shorter than the body; eyes black, small, somewhat dis-

122 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

tant from the mandibles. Ocelli glassy or black, well separated
and the posterior ones distant from the eyes; thorax glassy;
mesothorax convex; scutellum and postscutellum conspicuous;
metathorax evenly rounded with no carinae. Wings hyaline;
nervures and stigma brown, the latter with fulvous markings;
cubitodiscoidal nervure plainly appendiculate, the appendix ex-
tending into the second discoidal cell; bulla of second recurrent
nervure close to the cubitodiscoidal nervure, and that of the
latter nearly equally distant between the appendix and the second
recurrent nervure [pl. 2, fig. 5]. Legs ferruginous; claws pec-
tinate; abdomen stout, not strongly compressed.

Described from one female froin Colorado.

Ophion ferruginipennis n. sp.

One example of this unique form was in the collection of the
United States National Museum and through the kind forbear-
ance of Dr Ashmead its characterization has fallen on the writer.
Another specimen was taken by Mr L. H. Joutel in the vicinity of
New York city.

Description. Ferruginous; wings ferruginous and with a spread
of about 40 mm; metathorax strongly areolated in much the same
way asin O. tityri Pack.

Head medium; mandibles bidentate; black apically; clypeal
fossae deep; antennae nearly as long as the body. The fossae at
their bases are well marked. Eyes large, extending nearly to the
mandibles; ocelli black and the posterior pair almost contiguous
to the eyes; thorax sericeous; mesothorax convex; scutellum and
postscutellum prominent. Metathorax with two well developed
transverse carinae and a number of longitudinal ones radiating
from the insertion of the first abdominal segment. Wings sub-
hyaline with a distinct ferruginous and, in places, -fuscous tinge,
specially at their base and along the anterior margins. Cubito-
discoidal vein with its appended vein stub extending one third
across the cell from the well marked angle; bulla of second re-
current nervure a little distance from the cubitodiscoidal vein
[pl.2, fig.1]. Legs light ferruginous, concolorous; claws pectinate ;
abdomen strongly compressed and somewhat darker at the tip.
Length about 25mm, wing spread about 40 mm.

Described from two females. One is in the collection of the
United States National Museum and the other in the New York

State Museum.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 123

Ophion costale Cresson?

This rare species is represented by only one individual, the
type being in Mr Cresson’s collection. It may be that this form
is but a sport, though at present we can do no better than to allow
it to stand as a distinct species.

Description. Female. ‘“ Fulvo-ferruginous, shining, face broad,
the middle closely punctured, subtuberculate immediately be-
neath base of antennae; clypeus strongly punctured, tips trun-
cate, lateral sutures and tips of mandibles black; cheeks swollen;
antennae shorter than usual, reaching about to tip of second ab-
dominal segment; mesothorax convex, polished; scutellum very
convex; metathorax confluently punctured, without transverse
carina, sutures of thorax narrowly black; wings subhyaline,
stained with yellowish at base and with fuscous along apical
costal margin, darkest at tip of marginal cell; basal margin of
third and fourth abdominal and an oblique mark on sides of
second segment, black.’ Length 138 mm. Habitat: Klamath
county, Cal.

“Readily distinguished from all other species known to me by
the ornamentation of the wings.” [Cresson]

Genophion n. gen.

This genus is proposed to include certain forms remarkable for
the development of the lower portions of the head, resulting in a
very elongate face and considerable distance between the normal
sized eye and the base of the mandible. This is specially marked
in Genophion gilletti Felt, the generic type.

Table of species
CWE Sted VO aT TMOG) = civid oc es sais se @iearecosre bo be ew a otee gilletti Felt
aa Wings with a distinct fulvous tinge............ coloradensis Felt

Genophion gilletti n. sp.

This small form resembles O. coloradensis Felt, but may
be easily separated from it by its shorter antennae, longer face
and the dark fuscous coloration of the wings. It is described
from one female from Colorado, no. 2565, kindly sent me by Prof.
C. P. Gillette, in whose honor it is named.

Description. Dark ferruginous, with the head and thoracic °—

sutures black and the wings tinged with dark fuscous. Wing
spread about 18 mm, length of.body 9 mm.

*1878 Cresson, E. T. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. p.366.

124 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Head large, face very long with a large, evenly rounded labrum;
mandibles stout, bidentate, tipped with dark brown or black, and
with black at the extreme base; clypeal fossae black and almost
connected with the base of the mandibles by black impressed
lines; antennae shorter than the body, stout and with the first
joint of the flagellum much longer and more slender than the
second; antennal fossae ringed with black and with a conspicu-
ous, impressed, black area above; eyes rather small, distant from
the base of the mandibles; ocelli glassy or black, the two lateral
distant from the eyes and each connected therewith by a deep,
impressed, black line. Thorax glassy with deeply impressed, jet-
black sutures; mesothorax highly convex; scutellum and. post-
scutellum prominent; metathorax smoothly rounded and with
no well developed carinae. Wings distinctly fulvo-ferruginous ;
cubitodiscoidal nervure uniformly arching, not appendiculate;
first recurrent nervure less than one fourth the length of the
second; bulla of the second recurrent nervure close to the cubito-
discoidal nervure, and that of the latter distant from the second
discoidal nervure by one half its length. Legs uniformly fer-
ruginous, except the trochanter segments which are black at their
base; claws pectinate; abdomen strongly compressed, first seg-
ment slender and gradually enlarging at its apical fourth.

Genophion coloradensis n. sp.

This is a small form having somewhat the general appearance
of O. tityri Pack., but differing from it in a number of par-
ticulars. It is described from two female specimens in the col-
lection of the United States National Museum.

Description. Ferruginous with the thoracic sutures black, wings
tinged with fulvous, wing spread 20 mm, length 9 mm.

Head medium; face long; mandibles bidentate, tipped with
dark brown or black; clypeal fossae deep, dark brown; antennae
about as long as the body, the fossae at their bases well marked
and ringed with dark brown. Eyes medium, distant from the
mandibles. Ocelli glassy or black, nearly contiguous, distant
from the eyes; thorax sericeous, with black sutures; mesothorax
convex; scutellum and postscutellum prominent. Metathorax
with three well developed carinae, one dorsal, two lateral, radi-
ating from the insertion of the first abdominal segment. Wings
subhyaline, with a distinct fulvous tinge, specially on the hind
wings. Cubitodiscoidal vein variably appendiculate (in one only
a notch and in the other well marked) ; first recurrent nervure
less than one half the length of the second; bulla of second recur-
rent nervure near cubitodiscoidal nervure, that of the latter at

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 125

proximal third of distance from the appendix to the second recur-
rent nervure. Legs light ferruginous, basal articulations variably
marked with dark brown, claws pectinate. Abdomen strongly
‘compressed, first segment slender, gradually enlarging at apical
third.

Described from two females from Colorado.

INJURIOUS INSECTS
Chrysanthemum lace bug
Corythuca marmorata Uhler
Ord. Hemiptera Family Tingitidae

Members of this family have been characterized by Professor
Comstock, in the following terms: “Dainty as fairy brides are
these tiny, lace-draped insects. One glance at the fine, white
meshes that cover the wings and spined thorax is sufficient to
distinguish them from all other insects, for these are the only
ones that are clothed from head to foot in a fine white Brussels
net.” This very fitting description applies to all members of the
family, and where such insects are found on chrysanthemums,
they are very likely to be this species. This group is not only
unusual in appearance, but is also one rarely brought to the
attention of the economic entomologist. This is particularly true
of the species under consideration, concerning which compara-
tively little is known. It was described in 1878 from North
Carolina but with no indication of its food habits. The next
record appears in 1898 and relates to an attack the preceding
year on chrysanthemums in Alabama.

This insect was brought to our notice last July by Mr Harry
Blauvelt of Coeyman, who stated that it had caused considerable
injury the past two or three years, and that he feared a repetition
of the attack this season. His brother, Mr Egbert Blauvelt,

‘observed that it bred abundantly on ragweed and also on some:
other which he was unable to identify. Specimens of the insect
were colonized on potted plants and the accuracy of the complaint
established beyond question. The little pests fed vigorously on
the foliage, laid numerous eggs, many young developed and soon

126 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

one plant after another assumed an unhealthy appearance and
died. The attack was characterized in particular by a discolora-
tion of the leaves accompanied by a dark spotting, due to excre-
ment, and the cast skins of the young were also abundant. The
general appearance of.a badly infested leaf is shown on plate 3.

Life history. The breeding of this insect was placed in Mr C. M.
Walker’s charge, but owing to pressure of other work he was
unable to give it all the attention desirable. He learned, however,
that the eggs were laid on the underside of the leaf, being thrust
under the epidermis along the larger leaves and veins, leaving
only the small, yellowish, conical cap in sight. The eggs soon
hatch and the young develop rapidly, since between June 11 and
23 a life cycle was nearly completed. The feeding of the insect
causes white, irregular blotches to appear, and if the attack is at
all severe, withering of the leaves. The various molts follow each
other quickly and the cast skins soon become so abundant as to
give the impression of a bad infestation, whereas only a few
bugs may be present. The insects are very active and pass readily
from one plant to another, though none of the adults were
observed to fly.

Description. This species has been the object of considerable
study, and the following descriptions and the original illustrations
were made under our direction by Mr C. M. Walker. Jt is be-
lieved that all stages are described below though they were not
obtained by close breeding.

Egg [pl.4, fig.1]. Length about .5 mm, width .25 mm. Ovate,
somewhat fusiform; visible tip truncate, collared, within which is
a small, yellowish, ridged conical cap which is displaced by the
young when it emerges.

Stage 1. Length .5 mm, breadth one third of length; antennae
stout, with numerous long spines; three segmented, the terminal
Segment being about twice the combined length of the first and
second. Legs stout, and about as long as the insect. There are
simple spines arising directly from the body [pl.4, fig.20], and
also much shorter, compound ones originating from cone-shaped
bases [pl.4, fig.2a]. Each abdominal segment bears on its lateral
margin a single somewhat trumpet-shaped, compound spine on
a conical base [pl.4, fig.3]. Two oval openings occur on the dorsal
line of the posterior margin of the third and fourth abdominal
segments. These may possibly be analogous to the odoriferous
glands which oceur in certain other species of Heteroptera.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 Swi

Stage 2 [pl.4, fig4]. Length 1 mm, width 4 mm. Form
broader in proportion to length than in the first stage, and the
legs are much shorter. The chief difference between this and the
preceding stage, is in the size and number of spines. The dorsal,
compound spines, which in stage 1 arose from conical bases, have
become much thickened, taper to a point and are about one fourth
the length of their bases, which latter are enormously developed ~
and thickly studded with chitinous projections [pl.4, fig.5a]. The
long simple spines arising directly from the body, are shorter and
their bases narrow [pl.4, fig.50]. The marginal, compound spines
of each abdominal segment have lost all resemblance to their
previous form. Their rugose, spined bases have become thickened
and are about twice the length of the spine, which latter is nar-
rowed to a sharp point.

Stage 3. Length 1 mm, width 5 mm. The terminal segment
of the antenna is about two and one half times the combined
length of segments 1 and 2. In this stage the compound dorsal
spines mentioned in the preceding have apparently suffered little
change, but their bases have increased five times the length of the
spines, and are correspondingly stouter and rougher [pl.4, fig.7a].
The simple spines situated near these latter have not changed
much, though they are somewhat longer than in stage 2 [pl.4,
fig.7b]. The bases of the lateral abdominal, compound spines are
four times the length of the spines [pl.4, fig.8a], which latter
have not changed in appearance. Contiguous to these, singly or
in pairs, are other shorter compound spines on conical projections
about twice their own length [pl.4, fig.8b].

Stage 4 [pl.4, fig.9]. Length 1.5 mm, width .75 mm. Form
ovate, tapering anteriorly. Head nearly as wide as long, obtusely
rounded with the lateral margins behind the eyes arcuate, hind
angles rounded. Antennae four segmented, segment 3 a little
longer than the fourth, which is about equal to the combined
length of 1 and 2, the last being about one half the length of
the first. Rostrum stout, dark at tip and extending to about the
base of the first abdominal segment. Head, bearing four groups
of compound spines on tubercles orbasesof varying size and length
arranged as follows: a median pair at the anterior margin; three
directly back of these, the central one being smaller; two groups
of five of various lengths, each a little behind the eye and halfway
between the median line and the lateral margin. A long simple
spine is also found at the base of each of these groups.

_Prothorax tapering anteriorly, three times as broad as long;
with two median pairs of grouped compound spines at about
equal distance from the anterior and posterior margins, the
anterior pair with two smaller spines at their bases. Laterally
there is a group of three compound spines at the apical angle

128 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

of the prothorax, the central one largest, and another of five at |
the posterior angle, three being much larger than the others. |
The wing pads are seen for the first time and extend to the |
anterior margin of the second abdominal segment. There are |
two sublateral groups, each consisting of two compound spines,
one larger, one smaller and a simple one, near the posterior
margin of the mesothorax. The anterior lateral margin is armed
with a stout spine similar to that on the preceding segment, and
on the posterior angle there is a group of five compound spines
similar to those on the prothorax.

The abdomen consists of 10 segments, numbers 2 and 3 having
a single lateral spine, while segments 4 to 8 are each ornamented
with lateral groups of three compound spines [pl.4, fig.10], one
being nearly twice the length of the other two. Segment 9 bears
only one on each side. There is also a slender, hairlike spine of —
considerable length at the base of each group of spines on seg- |
ments 2 to 8. Segments 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9 each bear a median pair —
of long, stout, compound spines [p1.4, fig.11@], each of which, with
the exception of those on segments 2 and 9, has a simple spine
at its base [pl1.4, fig.11b]. Theso called odoriferous glands appear
as in the younger stages on the dorsum of the third and fourth
segments. Certain extremely minute projections, with enlarged
extremities are scattered over the body, arising directly from its
surface. There are also more numerous chitinous points gener-
ally distributed and which give the body a brownish appearance.

Stage 5. Length about 2 mm, width nearly 1 mm. The first
two segments of the antennae are about equal in length. The ©
third is longest and not quite twice the length of the fourth |
[pl.4, fig.13]. The wing pads extend to the fifth segment of the |
abdomen, which latter is nearly fusiform, tapering anteriorly ©
from the extremity of the wing cases. The dorsal spines are
relatively much larger and more specialized and the lateral —
groups on the thorax and abdomen, excepting the last segment
of the latter, are distinctly pediceled [pl.4, fig12]. This is also
true of the anterior median pair of the prothorax, which almost
coalesce, and of the median pair of the mesothorax.

The original description of the adult is as follows: “ Form
smilar to that of T. arcuata Say. Body black, the humeral
region and pleural margins sometimes paler, or piceous; the
venter polished, minutely, transversely wrinkled. Buceculae
highly elevated, white; antennae slender, the apical joint some-
times dusky. Pronotal vesicle high, extending far forward, regu-
larly arching over the head, abruptly compressed anteriorly for
more than half its length; the meshes large, two larger ones
occupying the basal breadth; the nervures more or less em- —
browned, that of the middle carinate, much elevated, entire. —

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 129

Most of the nervures with short spines, which in some specimens
are obsolete. Lateral lobes of pronotum short, prominent, semi-
circular, having the same curve anteriorly as posteriorly; nar-
rower than the base of the hemelytra, with large, rather regular
cells; the nervures of the middle tinged with brown; a brown
spot exteriorly and sometimes a second spot at the posterior
margin; the marginal spines long and slender. Processus divided
into cells as far as the tip; only the base of the lateral margin
elevated, the middle carina high, not so high as the pronotal
vesicle, gradually declining to the tip, the base arched, bearing
two large areoles surmounted by a series of smaller ones, the
upper edge spinous. Raised margin of the sternum whitish, the
metasternum circular, auriculate each side. Legs pale honey
yellow, embrowned at tip and on the tarsi. Hemelytra rather
quadrangular, with the basal angles very acute, very widely re-
moved from the pronotal lateral lobes, the basal margin distinctly
concave; lateral margins spinous until a little beyond the middle,
the tips widened, bluntly, broadly rounded; areoles large, next
to the apical series is a transverse row of three or four very large
ones, usually connected with another large one in front exteriorly ;
vesicular elevations small, with a high carina, spinous, bearing
posteriorly a brown spot; a brown spot exteriorly near the basal
angle, another submarginal near the middle, and a broad brown
band at tip which omits the subapical series of large areoles.
Length, 3 mm. Breadth at base of hemelytra, 1144 mm.”

Remedies. This little pest being a sucking insect, can be con-
trolled only in two ways. Clean culture will probably prove the
most effective method of checking its depredations, since it would
mean the destruction of weeds and various plants on which the
insect could breed. There is little probability of the pest develop-
ing in large numbers if the vicinity of a chrysanthemum field is
kept clear of weeds. The pest may be severely checked, if not
nearly destroyed by thorough spraying with a whale oil soap
solution, using 1 pound to 9 gallons of water, according to Mr
Egbert Blauvelt. It is very probable that pyrethrum powder, or
better still, hellebore could be used wherever a limited number of
plants require treatment.

Bibliography
1878 Uhler, P.H. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 19:415-16 (Original descrip-
tion)
1898 Howard, L.0. U.S. Dep’t Agric. Div. Ent. Bul. 10, n.s. p.99 (Inju-
ries in Alabama),

130 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

NOTES FOR THE YEAR

The season of 1903 has been marked in particular by an un-
usually severe outbreak of plant lice of various species, some of
which continued their depredations over an abnormally extended
period. These insects were so destructive and generally present
on various plants in different sections, that observations relating
thereto have been grouped under a separate head. Species depre-
dating on other plants and products of value, have been grouped
under convenient headings for the purpose of facilitating ready
reference to the various accounts. (

Plant lice

The season of 1903 may well be remembered on account of the
exceeding abundance of these little insects, particularly of species
of economic importance. This is an exceedingly interesting
group, and their almost absolute helplessness and enormous pro-
lificacy illustrate one of nature’s provisions against the extermi-
nation of a species. Despite their apparent weakness, these little
creatures are well able to hold their own, as many farmers know
to their cost. This group is at present represented in America by
the relatively large number of 325 species, as given by Professor
Hunter in a recently issued list.

The conditions which control the abundance of these forms are
not well understood, though in all probability they are largely
climatic, supplemented by the beneficial work of various natural
enemies. Some believe that dry weather is favorable to the in-
crease of these little insects, and others attribute their abnormal
development to a certain amount of moisture. It is yery probable
that a protracted dry spell, if not accompanied by excessive dust,
is favorable to the development of a large number of species, and
that violent rains at intervals, specially if they occur before the
foliage is curled by the work of the pests, is very destructive to
these little creatures. On the other hand, it is quite possible that
a certain amount of moisture is desirable, and that the reports
of certain persons, who have noted a coincidence between the ap-
pearance of rains and the development of these forms, may be
correct.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 131

It is undoubtedly true that natural enemies, prominent among
which are ladybugs, syrphus flies and lacewing flies, serve as very
useful checks on this interesting group of insects. “Repeated
observations in different countries, and extending over a series of
years, have demonstrated that these insects multiply enormously
_ during periods when plant lice are unusually abundant, and
though it may require some time for the natural enemies to over-
take their hosts, this is bound to occur in course of time.

The attack of 1903 was not only characterized by excessive
severity but also by an undue prolongation; and this latter may
have been in part due to unusual rains, which were not favorable
to the comparatively unsheltered natural enemies and hindered
their gaining an ascendancy over their hosts. The explanation

for this is that the plant lice, before the appearance of the rains,
had ample opportunity to curl the leaves and therefore provide
themselves with shelter from almost any inclement weather.
These retreats afforded admirable breeding places from which the
insects could emerge and attack adjacent foliage, so that the
usual destructive influence of showers would be modified to a
considerable extent; on the other hand, the larger predaceous
enemies would hardly reap an equal benefit from this protection,
and consequently would be delayed in gaining the ascendancy.

Appletree plant lice (A phis mali Linn. and others). These
‘Species commonly occur in greater or less numbers throughout
the orchards of the State, and their abnormal increase depends
on favorable climatic or other conditions. Such was character-

istic of the spring and early summer of 1903, and as a result
injuries by these species were not only much more marked than
usual but also prolonged to a much later date. The worst af-
fected trees, which were usually young, presented a very charac-
teristic appearance, and the injury was so severe that very little
growth was possible. Such a large amount of honeydew was ex-
creted that the foliage was almost entirely blackened, and an
examination of many trees showed that the growing tips were
literally covered by hungry plant lice anxious to reach a tender
spot. The severity of the attack began to be evident about the
last of May, and was more so in June, continuing in July, and in

132 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

some cases at least the plant lice were extremely abundant even
to the middle of August. The worse infested trees lost a con-
siderable portion of their foliage; the development of the fruit
was severely checked in some instances and many trees were seri-
ously injured. Complaints were received from a number of cor-
respondents in different sections of the State, and almost every
observer agreed in holding plant lice responsible for severe dam-
age. Some quince bushes in Genesee county were reported by Mr
J. F. Rose as bearing a mass of black, rolled leaves the latter part
of June, and the observer in Dutchess county characterized the
attack as being more severe than had been known for 10 years.
The conditions in the nursery were no better than in the orchard,
and a correspondent reports that plant lice obliged him to keep
a gang of 15 or 20 men and boys at work continuously in the
nursery with a whale oil soap solution, and some other nursery-
men found themselves almost unable to cope with the insects, so
severe and general was the injury.

Plant lice, as is well known, must be controlled by the use of
contact insecticides, the most valuable of which for present pur-
poses are a whale oil soap solution, tobacco water and kerosene
emulsion. Some growers prefer the tobacco solution to any other
and attribute greater effectiveness to it, while others have ob-
tained excellent results with a whale oil soap solution. The latter,
in the case of the appletree plant louse, should be used at a.
strength of 1 pound to 6 gallons of water, or even 1 to 4, and in
any case great care should be exercised to secure thorough treat-
ment. The kerosene emulsion may be used in the same way as
the whale oil soap solution, and in case of severe attacks the
standard emulsion may be diluted with but 6 or 7 parts of water,
since it is better to scorch the foliage a little than to allow many
of the insects to escape.

The severe and protracted injuries by plant lice led us to ex-
periment with whale oil soap solution, 1 pound to 4 gallons, for
the purpose of testing its effectiveness on the pest and also the
liability of injuring the foliage. Apple twigs covered with the
insects were dipped into the solution July 28, and on the 30th it

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 ila33°

was found that all were killed, while repeated observations up to
Sep. 8 failed to reveal any injury to the leaves. We are, how-
ever, inclined to believe that it is more important to make a very
thorough application than to use a strong insecticide, and would
therefore emphasize the former most strongly.

Cherry plant louse (Myzus cerasi Fabr.). This common
species is likewise generally distributed throughout the State,
and always occurs in greater or less numbers on cherrytrees.
The past season has been marked by an excessive abundance of
this insect, and in some cases sweet cherrytrees have been very
seriously injured. We recall, for example, certain trees in Chau-
tauqua county, which were so badly infested, that nearly one
third of the leaf-bearing portion of twigs had the foliage so badly
affected that it curled, died and dropped, and after a time new
leaves were developed in their place. This injury was so great
that one or two trees died, probably as an indirect result of the
Severe drain made on their vitality. The presence of these plant
lice in large numbers began to be apparent the middle of May
and continued through June and even into early July. Reports of
injuries were received from a number of counties in widely
Separated sections of the State, and were also observed by us in
various localities.

Thorough spraying, as in the case of other species, is the only
method of controlling this insect, and when applications are
necessary they should be timely so that the insects can not curl
leaves and thus obtain shelter from the spray.

Cabbage aphis (Aphis brassicae Linn.). This species
is usually present in small numbers on various cruciferous plants,
and only occasionally does it attract much attention on account
of its abnormal abundance and consequent injury. Mr J. F.
Rose of South Byron states that about the middle of August it
was so abundant on early cabbages as to give them a white appear-
ance, and Mr George 8S. Graves of Newport, Herkimer co., reports
it as being numerous on turnips in early August. This species
was observed by us in very large numbers on rape at Kinderhook
the early part of the season. The insects were so abundant as to

134 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

give a whitish color to portions of the plant and rendered walk-
ing through the field extremely disagreeable.

Chaitophorus aceris. The Norway maple has enjoyed up to
recent years comparative immunity from insect pests, and it was
therefore a serious disappointment to its admirers when this
species of plant louse injured it so seriously in the last two or
three years. The damage by this species has gradually increased,
and whereas in 1900 or thereabouts many of the trees had their
foliage somewhat disfigured by the sooty fungus growing in the
honeydew and drops of this sticky substance occasionally fell on
passersby or moistened the sidewalk beneath, in 1905 some of
these unfortunate trees had their foliage almost ruined by this
pest. Many of the leaves were so badly curled that they pre-
sented only about one fourth of the usual surface, and this maple
instead of being an object of beauty, was a monument of misery
and an eyesore on the landscape. This was true not only about
Albany but in various sections of the State. This plant louse
can be controlled by thoroughly spraying with a contact insecti-
cide, such as whale oil soap, taking special pains to hit the insects
on the undersurface of the leaves, and it looks as though some
such treatment would have to be adopted in coming years if we
are to keep this shade tree in good condition. This species was
the cause of more complaint and incidentally gave more employ-
ment to parties operating a spraying outfit in Troy, than even
the notorious elm leaf beetle (Galerucella luteola
MCW S ©

Elm aphis (Callipterus ulmifolii Mon.). This deli-
cate species occurs somewhat generally on our American elms,
and occasionally becomes exceedingly injurious, as was demon-
strated in 1897 and again in 1908. This little plant louse was
so abundant on many trees during the past summer that the
foliage became badly smeared by the honeydew, lost its color and
all but failed to perform its proper functions. This condition
was somewhat general in the vicinity of Albany, at Palatine
Bridge in the Mohawk valley, and a similar state of affairs was
reported from Ogdensburg, St Lawrence co. The most of the

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 135

damage appears to be infticted in the latter part of June and
during July.

Drepanosiphum acerifolii Thos. This delicate and really beauti-
ful species when examined under a magnifying glass, is capable
of causing considerable injury to various species of maple. Its
work on hard maple was observed by us last July at Nassau,
where it evidently caused considerable dropping of the foliage,
and the young were to be found here and there along the veins
on the underside of the leaves. Nearly full grown specimens are
remarkable for being incrusted with a whitish secretion which
nearly covers them. This species was met with by us in consider-
able numbers on maples at Saratoga, where it has likewise caused
some dropping of the leaves and injured the foliage to a con-
siderable extent. It was also reported by Mr George S. Graves,
as being on several varieties of maple at Newport, Herkimer
co., where it caused much dropping of foliage, and it was
observed by Mr Young in small numbers at Poughkeepsie.

Box elder plant louse (Chaitophorus negundinis
Thos.). A number of specimens of what we believe to be this
species, was submitted for examination by Mr George 8S. Graves
of Newport, Herkimer co., who stated that it was exceedingly
abundant and destructive to box elder or ash-leafed maples in
that vicinity. The attack was first observed in early June and
continued till September, possibly later. It is probably the
same species which we observed at work in large numbers the
latter part of September on some box eldertrees at Nassau.

Beechtree blight (Pemphigus imbricator Fitch).
This plant louse was exceedingly abundant on some beechtrees
at Newport N. Y. Our correspondent, Mr George S. Graves, sent
examples under date of Oct. 29, and from the appearance of the
twigs we judge that the insect was present in enormous numbers,
and had the attack been earlier in the season, it would un-
doubtedly have caused considerable injury. Mr Graves observed
the habit of this species of clustering on the underside of the
twigs, and adds that moderately cold weather does not seem
to affect them, since an inch of snow was seen on the hillside

136 NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM

only a short distance away, and the temperature during the pre-
ceding two days had been quite cold. ;

Wooly beech aphis (Phyllaphis fagi Linn.). This in-
sect has been unusually numerous on purple beech foliage in
Washington park, where it was found in very large numbers,
July 4. Its depredations on the same tree in Westchester county
have also been brought to our attention.

Birch aphis (Callipterus betulaecolens Mon.).
This little species is particularly injurious to the cut-leaved
birch, and is occasionally very abundant. It was reported as
being quite destructive at Newport, Herkimer co., by Mr George
S. Graves, and evidences of its work were found by Mr Young
at Poughkeepsie in the middle of July. The latter trees showed
very plainly that the insect had been exceedingly abundant, since
the foliage was badly discolored and well smeared with honey-
dew. We also observed the work of this insect in the vicinity
of Albany, and specimens of very badly infested twigs were sub-
mitted for examination by Mr E. P. Van Ness of East Green-
bush. In this instance, as in the preceding, the attack was a
very severe one and the tree had undoubtedly suffered greatly
throughout July, if not earlier in the season. Some of the leaves
bore a number of pupae of the two spotted ladybug, Adalia
bipunctata Linn., which had evidently fed on the plant lice,
and reduced their ee very largely.

Pemphigus popularius Fitch. This species is rarely brought to
notice, though a few infested leaves of the balm of Gilead,
Populus balsamiferus, were received from Lake Clear
Junction through Mr C. R. Pettis. The leaves were drawn together
and had much waxy matter on. their surfaces, giving them the
appearance of having been coated with a whitish powder. In
some instances the insects formed a series of pseudogalls on the
upper side of the leaves. The cavity produced by drawing the
leaf together contained numerous winged plant lice, a few nymphs
and many cast skins. Mr Pettis states that all the trees in the
vicinity were affected by this species. Another poplar-infesting
species, Chaitophorus p op ulicola Thos., was met with
in considerable numbers on the common aspen at Karner, July 24.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 137

Fruit tree insects

Plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst).
This little enemy of stone fruits is prevalent to a greater or
less extent in most orchards of this State, and occasionally causes
considerable injury. It is remarkable for existing in some locali-
ties in such small numbers as to cause practically no damage,
while in others a large proportion of the crop would be ruined
unless collecting or other repressive measures were employed.
Recent experiences by several growers in the State, go far toward
showing that thorough and early spraying of the foliage with
an arsenical poison affords considerable protection from this pest.
This method is preferred by many to the more laborious one of
collecting the beetles and is certainly worthy of further trial.

Diplotaxis liberta Germ. This species is rarely brought to notice
on account of its depredations and the same is true of its allies.
A complaint was received Sep. 24 through the commissioner of
agriculture from Mr Jehn R. Crandall of Hauppauge, who stated
that this beetle had stripped all the foliage from many young
peachtrees in an orchard of about 30 acres. He added that they
worked at night, burying themselves in the dirt under the trees
during the day, and that anywhere from 10 to 50 were found
under each tree, apparently preferring Elbertas. The beetles oc-
eurred nowhere except in the peach orchard. This insect is
closely related to our common May or June beetles and presum-
ably has similar habits, the larvae probably living on grass roots
and undoubtedly thriving best in light, sandy soils. Reference
to literature shows that another species, D. frondicola
Blanch., was recorded in 18711 as being very injurious in June
to leaves of rose, mountain ash and wild plum in an Iowa nursery.
They were about nearly a month, feeding only at night, and were
considered one of the worst pests of that year. An attack similar
to the one we have recorded occurred in the spring of 1888,? at
Herndon Va. in a young orchard which had been mostly planted
the preceding year. The 12-spotted Diabrotica, Diabrotica
12-punctata, was the principal depredator, though a species

1Kridelbaugh. Ia. State Hort. Soc. Rep’t 1871. 1872. p.161.
?Riley-Howard. Insect Life, 1:59.

138 , NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

of Diplotaxis was also present in small numbers. The plums and
apricots near an old melon patch where the Diabrotica had bred
were soon stripped of foliage and the insects spread over nearly
the entire orchard. Another species. of the same genus, D. har-
peri Blanch., was reported May 24, 1894,1 as injuring straw-
berry plants at Campbellsburg Ind. The account states that they
attacked the smaller and weaker plants on a 24 acre field and
very quickly destroyed them. As many as 20 beetles or over were
found at a time on a single plant. The insects appeared first in
some wheat and when that became too tough migrated to the
recently set strawberry field. The soil was a light, clayey loam
and paris green was applied but without benefit.

These little scarabaeids are difficult insects to control and in a
general way may be classed in this respect with the closely related
and well known May or June beetles, Lachnosterna, and
rose beetles, Macrodactylus subspinosus Fabr. Any-
thing that tends to make the foliage distasteful to the insects,
such as dusting with air-slacked lime, wood ashes, etc. has some
protective value, but comparatively little benefit results from
Spraying with an arsenical poison. It is possible that collecting
the insects by jarring into a curculio catcher might prove of
some value. This would have to be done in the evening when
the beetles are on the trees, and in all probability it would
require considerable shaking to dislodge them. The injury to
the foliage late in the fall is of comparatively little importance
compared with depredations in the spring, and apparently there
is a prospect of this species causing some injury at that time,
in which event it would pay to go to considerable expense in
collecting the beetles or employing some other means to destroy
them, so as to prevent severe injury to the trees by the destruc
tion of fruit and leaf buds early in the season.

Appletree tent. caterpillar (Malacosoma americana
Fabr.). This insect is more or less injurious each year, and during
the present season has not been very destructive, though some-
what abundant in various localities, specially where no effort has
been made to control it. The injury, as a rule, has been less than

1Davis. Insect Life, 7:199

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 139

in the last two or three years, except in Cattaraugus county,
_ where this species is reported as having increased very largely in
the last two or three years.

Codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonella Linn.). It is
well known that the larvae of this insect pass the winter in
considerable numbers under the sheltering bark of trees, and that
they gnaw pupal cavities in the outer dead bark. Our attention
was recently called to a somewhat anomalous situation and an
examination showed that a small tree had been badly injured
by borers in preceding years and that codling moth larvae, de-
scending the tree in the fall, had entered the galleries made by
the borers and in excavating pupal cavities had not refrained
from eating into living tissue where they caused considerable
bleeding and at first sight lead one to suspect that the injury was
due to the round-headed borer. The tree in question has a trunk
about 6 inches in diameter and some 12 or 15 larvae were taken
from several of the cavities. Three or four of the caterpillars
were found contiguous to living tissue which had been recently
eaten and from which considerable sap was flowing. The borings
were conspicuous and many of the pellets were saturated with
exuding sap.

Pear Psylla (Psylla pyricola Forst.). The season of
1903 has been remarkable for the unusual development of plant
lice, and this little jumping species is no exception to the general
rule. It has been exceedingly abundant and destructive over a
considerable portion of the State, and peartrees with blackened,
scanty foliage or almost none at all, were common sights during
the summer not only in the Hudson river valley but also in cen-
tral and western New York. The injury was much more general
and severe than has been observed before, and the explanation
therefor is probably found in the unusually favorable climatic
conditions. Evidences of great damage began to appear in June,
and during July and August the affected trees presented a truly
wretched sight. In some cases the injury was so severe that most
of the fruit dropped. Mr H. D. Lewis of Annandale reports the
crop of that section a failure, due to the work of this pest.

140 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Early and thorough spraying with a whale oil soap solution,
1 pound to 4 gallons, has been found thoroughly effective in the
hands of Mr Albert Wood of Carleton Station, who states that he
has succeeded in keeping the insect well in subjection by this
means. Thorough work in the early part of the season will do
much toward preventing subsequent injuries, and if the necessity
arises of repeating applications, much better results will be ob-
tained if the work is done just after a rain, which serves the use-
ful purpose of washing away the honeydew and therefore exposing
the growing insects to the deleterious action of the insecticide.

San Jose scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst;). This
pernicious insect has become so abundant in some orchards in the
State that its control is a serious problem, and anything bearing.
on its habits and disseminative powers is of interest. The latter
part of the summer was marked by the development of very large
numbers of insects, the breeding being so rapid that in some
places the bark of entire trees was covered.

The rapidity of its spread in a locality is of great importance,
and is undoubtedly influenced by a number of factors. In the
first place, there is no doubt that the spread is much more rapid
where the pest is allowed to breed unrestricted than in localities
where such is not the case; for example, the scale has been in
the large orchard of Mr W. H. Hart of Poughkeepsie for 13 years,
and yet it has failed to spread to any great extent, portions being
practically free from it even after the lapse of years. A close
examination of the center of infestation existing at Clinton
Heights shows that while the insect has been present there for
about the same time there has been no extensive spread. The
primary point of infestation is a little to one side of the center
of an isosceles triangle, which has an altitude of # mile. This
is bordered on one side by a public highway and on the other by
a trolly line. Several contiguous orchards lie within this area,
and the pest has gradually made its way from one to the other,
though the spread has by no means been rapid. Aside from the
point of original infestation, the injury to the trees has not been
very marked, in fact, the spread through these small orchards

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 141

has been so slow that those in the point of the triangle, less than
half a mile from the original infestation, are still free from the
pest. An examination of orchards just across the highway from
near this center, failed to reveal any scale. It should be stated
in explanation, that while the insect was allowed to breed in con-
siderable numbers from about 1897 to 1899, since then earnest
efforts have been made to keep it in check, and as a general thing,
it has been controlled in a fairly satisfactory manner. It is true
that there is one point of infestation a half mile southwest of the
source of trouble, but investigation shows that in all probability
the scale became established there by being carried on infested
trees which were set in that vicinity. : Bis

Investigations and inquiries in a peach-growing section, where
the scale had become established in a few places 3 or 4 years
ago, reveals the fact that the pest has already obtained a foot-
hold in some orchards from 14 mile to 2 miles or thereabouts
from others, and in this instance we are inclined to believe that
these colonies established at a distance are due to the fact that
no very adequate control of the insect has been maintained. It
may also possibly be explained in part by the fact that young
scales are fully as likely to crawl on peach foliage as on that of
other fruit trees, and it would therefore stand a better chance of
being conveyed by insects or birds.

New York plum scale (EHEulecanium juglandis
Bouché). This species is well known as a very destructive form
to plumtrees in western New York, where it has at times been
exceedingly injurious. Our attention was called in August to a
plumtree at Kinderhook N. Y., which had the undersides of its
branches literally. covered with full grown scale insects and a
ereat many young were found beside the parents. The tree itself
had suffered serious injury though there were no signs of any
numbers of the pest on those adjacent. This insect, as is well
known, can be readily controlled by spraying in the fall or early
spring with a contact insecticide, such as kerosene emulsion or
whale oil soap solution, and we see no reason why the lime-sulfur
wash, if it is to be employed in the orchard, would not be as effica-

142 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

cious in killing this species as it is in the destruction of the San
José scale.

Plum mite (Phytoptus phlaeocoptes Nal.). The
presence of this little mite on plumtrees at Marlborough, was
brought to our attention some years ago, and an examination the
present season shows that it exists in the locality only in very
small numbers, and as a consequence is hardly likely to become a
pest of any importance. The owner has cut down the original
tree and anticipates very little trouble in the future.

Grapevine pests (

Grapevine sawfly (Blennocampa pygmaea Harr.). The
larvae of this species were met with rather plentifully July 28
in the vineyard of Mr W. H. Van Benschoten, West Park N. Y.
Tips of shoots, here and there, were partially defoliated, but in
no instance was material injury caused. The larvae are usually
rare in New York State vineyards, so far as our observations go,
and in case of their appearing in very large numbers, they should
be controlled by thorough spraying with an arsenical poison.

Steely flea beetle (Haltica chalybea TIll.). This per-
nicious Chrysomelid is well known to grape growers, and in some
vineyards in the Chautauqua region it has caused considerable
injury year after year; particularly is this the case with certain
vineyards located well up on the hill and back from the lake.
The greatest damage is done by the beetles feeding on the unfold-
ing buds, and the best method of checking the injury is undoubt-
edly by very thorough spraying or even painting the unfolding
foliage with a strong arsenical mixture, particularly paris green
or london purple, because these substances act more quickly than
does arsenate of lead.

Grapeberry moth (Polychrosis botrana Schiff.). This
insect was not only destructive in Chautauqua county but deyel-
oped in such large numbers in some Ohio vineyards as to destroy
one third of the crop as reported by Mr T. S. Clymonts. Our
experiments have shown that one thorough spraying with an
arsenical poison, preferably arsenate of lead, just after blossom-

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 19038 143

ing, will result in severely checking this pest [see New York State
Museum Bulletin 72].
Garden insects

Asparagus beetle (Crioceris asparagi lLinn.). The
common asparagus beetle as recorded in our 15th report, page 540,
has attained a wide distribution over the State, though our
records limit it almost entirely to the lower Hudson and Mohawk
river valleys and the western portion of the State in the vicinity
of the lakes. We were therefore somewhat surprised to receive a
communication from Mr C. L. Williams of Glens Falls, Warren
co., accompanied by specimens, stating that this species had
become well established in that vicinity and was known to occur
in some numbers over an area several miles in extent. This is
the northernmost locality known to us, for the species in New
York.

Cabbage maggot (Phorbia brassicae Bouché). This lit-
tle pest of the market gardener was unusually abundant and
destructive this season. Its depredations on early cabbages at-
tracted considerable attention in Genesee county, it was credited
with having destroyed one fourth of the crop in St Lawrence
county, and with working to some extent in Cattaraugus county
and other sections of the State. The life history of this little pest
may be summarized briefly as follows: the adult insects appear
in the early spring, the precise time depending somewhat on cli-
matic and other conditions. They are, however, usually abroad
in time to deposit eggs around early set plants, finding some crev-
ice in which they may creep and place their eggs close to the stem.
These remain unhatched for.a period variously stated as from 4
to 10 days when the young grubs issue, attack the surface of the
root and rasp a burrow into its tissues. They destroy first the
smaller rootlets and then begin operations on the main root.
They are frequently found in slimy burrows just beneath the sur-
face of the stem. ‘There are usually so many maggots that all are
unable to find retreats within the tissues, and consequently many
of them lie near the surface, which is kept moist by the juices
from the injured parts. The wilting of the plant is the most

144 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

characteristic indication of injury and on pulling it up, the re-
mains of the roots and the whitish, slimy maggots are easily
observed. |

One of the best methods for protecting cabbage plants from this
insect is to surround them with a tarred paper collar about 244
inches in diameter, which is so cut as to practically encircle the
_ stem. These are readily adjusted about the plant, easily cut and
form one of the most efficient methods of preventing the parent
fly from depositing its eggs.

A carbolic soap emulsion composed of 1 pound of hard soap dis-
solved in a gallon of water, in which 1 pint of crude carbolie acid
is then poured, emulsified and diluted with 30 parts of water, is —
very efficient in killing the maggots about infested plants. An
application should be made shortly after the plants are set out,
and repeated once a week or 10 days till after the middle of May.
The standard kerosene emulsion diluted with 12 to 15 parts of
water has also proved very successful. Hither may be readily
applied with a knapsack pump. It is possible to check the attack,
where labor is cheap by removing the earth from the affected parts
in the morning of a bright day and replacing it at night. The
drying kills the maggots without injury to the plants. This is
practised to some extent on Long Island, as stated by Mr F. A.
Sirrine.

Onion maggot (Phorbia ceparum Meigen). This serious
pest of market gardeners has, like its close ally, the cabbage
maggot, been very injurious in portions of the State, particularly
in St Lawrence county where it is credited with having destroyed
one fourth of the onion crop. It has also caused considerable
complaint in the vicinity of Albany.

This insect, so far as known, has a life history very similar to
that of the cabbage maggot, and may be controlled in like manner,
except that it is impracticable to use the tarred paper collars
though the carbolic soap wash can be employed to very good
advantage.

Tarnished plant bug (Lygus-pratensis Linn.). ‘his
notorious and almost ubiquitous pest occurs on a great many

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 145

plants and causes more or Jess injury from year to year. Tast
July our attention was again called to it on account of its sucking
the juices from tender aster shoots and thereby killing them.
Mr Egbert Blauvelt of Coeyman, who made the complaint, states
that the insects can be killed by thoroughly spraying with a whale
oil soap solution, using 1 pound to 9 gallons of water. Clean cul-
ture, not only in the garden but in adjacent fields, will do con-
siderable toward reducing the numbers of this pest.

Grain and house pests

Saw-toothed grain beetle (Silvanus surinamensis
Linn.). This little grain beetle is a common species in prepared
foods and various grains and though occasionally very abundant,
it does not as a rule cause much annoyance in this country. This
species was found last August literally overrunning a dwelling
house in Albany. The beetles were so numerous that they made
their way into everything and the housekeeper could sweep up
nearly a pint almost every warm day. They were found in
all parts of the dwelling, resting on ceilings, crawling on walls,
under mats, tablecloths etc. and even invaded wearing apparel,
articles of food, etc. Investigation showed that the source of the
trouble was several thousand bushels of oats in the bin of a
near-by brewery. The insects were breeding there very rapidly
and on warm days appeared in large numbers and invaded near-by
dwellings. The best remedy for such an outbreak is fumigation
of the grain with carbon bisulfid and similar treatment of the
dwelling houses or better still fumigating them with hydrocyanic
acid gas. This latter, however, is a very dangerous poison and
must be handed with extreme care.

Fleas. The cat and dog flea (Ceratopsyllus serrati-
ceps Gervy.) is a well known pest of domestic animals, and in
the public mind is associated only with these animals. There
are a number of records of this species propagating to a marvelous
extent in houses closed for the summer, and the occupants on
opening them in. the fall would find their premises literally over-
run by these annoying, active and most hardy pests. This has

146 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

been the experience of several Albanians in the past summer,
and the most practical way of ridding the house of these vermin
is by thorough fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas, using 1
fluid ounce of sulfuric acid diluted with 2 fluid ounces of water
and 1 ounce of high grade (982) cyanid of potassium for every
100 cubic feet of space. A preliminary fumigation using half the
above amounts and continuing the treatment two hours killed
practically all the Psocids in the house and many fleas, while
the usual amounts with a six hour fumigation destroyed all the
fleas. The acid and cyanid are among our most deadly and
virulent poisons and the same is true of the generated gas. Be-
fore treating, the house should be first carefully examined and
every orifice or crack which would allow the egress of air should
be carefully stopped. All fluids and liquid foods should be re-
moved from the house and arrangements made so that the build-
ing can be opened from the outside after fumigation. The gas
is generated by dropping the cyanid in large earthenware vessels
containing the proper amount of diluted acid. It will be found
advisable to have one or two of these jars in each room or hall-
way, and so arrange matters that the cyanid while still in the bag,
can be dropped into one vessel after the other very rapidly, or
else with a series of strings, dropped into all of the vessels
at once. After the charge is set off the house should be care-
fully guarded so that no person can enter, and if it be in contact
with others in a row, those in adjacent dwellings should also
be warned so that the rooms next the treated building may be
.well aired during the fumigation, which should last from one to
several hours. The building should then be thoroughly aired by
opening doors and windows from the outside, and utmost pains
taken to free the house of gas before any one be allowed to enter.
The airing should last at least 30 minutes, and it will be prefer-
able.to extend this time to: one, two or even three hours, depend-
ent somewhat on the size of the building and the facilities for
ventilation. One treatment should be sufficient but in the case
of poorly constructed houses a second fumigation may be neces-
sary a week or 10 days later. This dangerous operation should

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 147

be attempted only by those fully conversant with the nature of
the materials with which they are dealing.

Shade tree and forest insects

Elm leaf beetle (Galerucella luteola Mill.). This
species has won for itself a very bad reputation in the Hudson
river valley on account of its extensive injuries to elms, parti-
cularly the European species. It is still extending the area of
its operation. Last year it was detected in a limited portion of
Saratoga Springs, and this season. we were sorry to observe that
it had spread over practically the entire village and would have
caused material injury to the shade trees had it not been for
the systematic and continued spraying conducted by the village
authorities. An examination July 16 showed that the grubs were
full grown in that locality and that many had pupated. We
are inclined to believe that the second brood, if any, would be
very limited in that section. This species has also been re-
ported as present in very large numbers at Schuylerville, only
a short distance from Saratoga Springs. It has become estab-
lished over a considerable portion of Schenectady, where it is
causing considerable injury and is likely to inflict more in the
next year or two unless adequate measures are taken for its
suppression. This insect as noted in Museum bulletin 64, has
obtained a foothold at Ithaca N. Y. and we are in hopes that it
will not be allowed to inflict serious injury on the beautiful
trees of that city as it has on those of some others in the State.
A detailed account of this species appears in Museum bulletin 57.

White marked tussock moth (Notolophus leucostigma
Abb. & Sm.). This common enemy of shade trees annually at-
tracts more or less attention on account of its ravages in dif-
ferent cities of the State, in spite of the fact that it is a com-
paratively easy one to control, not only on account of its eggs
being deposited in conspicuous masses which may readily be
removed from trees, but also because it is easily destroyed with

-arsenical poisons. In our preceding report we chronicled the
abundance of this insect in Buffalo, and the present season has

148 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

been marked by a repetition of the injury, though the attack
was not so severe as that of the preceding summer. The causes
for this latter condition may be in part due to repressive meas-
ures adopted by citizens of that city, but on the whole we are
inclined to believe that natural enemies or unfavorable climatic
conditions were the most potent factors in reducing the numbers
of this pest. The condition of the trees in that city is a most
effective argument in favor of establishing a paid forester or
other official whose duty it shall be to look after the street trees
as well as those in the parks and see that they are adequately
protected from insect ravages. This matter is one of Mncreasing
importance, as our cities are growing rapidly in size, and as a
consequence there is a greater massing of foliage and therefore
more favorable conditions for the development of large numbers
of a species. It requires but a few years for insects to destroy
a tree which may have been from 10 to 50°or more years in
growing, and in cities where this is allowed a deterioration of
real estate values must follow, accompanied by an increase of
various diseases and a higher mortality, because of the rapid and
extreme temperature changes due to the absence of trees.

This pest can be easily controlled in either one of two ways.
Many of the caterpillars can be jarred or brushed from the in-
fested trees, and their ascent prevented by the use of a band of
loose cotton tied around the tree or a band of tar on a piece of
stout paper, the latter to prevent injury to the tree. Both of
these materials are very effective, and in our judgment vastly
superior to the brass bands seen on the trunks of so many shade
trees in Buffalo. Bands, however, are of value only in keeping
the caterpillars off the trees. The jarring of the pests is some-
what laborious, and as the insects are readily detroyed by spray-
ing with an arsenical poison a prompt application of some such
material to the foliage is advisable. Arsenate of lead is one
of the best poisons. It may be applied at the rate of 4 pounds
to 50 gallons of water. Use this insecticide only in the pre-
pared paste form, diluting to the proper extent, and under no—
conditions purchase the crystalline article. The older standard

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 149

poisons, paris green, london purple and similar preparations are
very effective, though subject to washing by rains. These latter
substances should be used at the rate of 1 pound to 100 gallons
of water, with 1 pound of recently slaked lime to protect the
_ foliage from burning. Spray thoroughly in any event and aim
to cover so far as possible every leaf with the poison. Protective
measures should be adopted early or the injury will be beyond
repair. Itis hardly necessary to add that it is impossible to grow
magnificent trees if they are defoliated year after year, as unhap-
pily seems to be the case in some cities in recent years.

Fall webworm (Hyphantria textor Harr.). This
species appeared rather early in the season on various forest and
fruit trees in different sections of the State, and in certain local-
ities was somewhat abundant and destructive. Generally speak-
ing it has not caused serious injury except in a few localities
where no effort was made to check it. This species, like the two
tent caterpillars, is readily controlled by spraying with an arsen-
ical poison, and its conspicuous web nests, which serve as a retreat
for the caterpillars, are easily removed from the tree and the
inmates destroyed by crushing or burning.

Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hiibn.).
As noted in our preceding report, Museum bulletin 64, page 104,
the ravages of this pest are on the decrease, and the present season
has witnessed practically no injury by this insect. A few cater-
pillars were observed in Rensselaer and Columbia counties but
in no instance coming to our notice was a tree even partially
defoliated. A lack of reports from other sections of the State
indicates a like gratifying condition, and we are in hopes that
this outbreak is practically ended and that the species will be com-
paratively innocuous for a number of years.

Walnut worm (Datana integerrima Grote & Rob.).
The work of this insect is more or less evident each year, particu-
larly in the western part of the State, and during the past summer
our attention has been called to its ravages in Herkimer county,
and we have observed a number of black walnut trees in Chautau-
qua county which have been from one half to two thirds or entirely
defoliated by this caterpillar.

150 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Beneficial insects

Chinese lady beetles (Chilocorus similis Rossi). The
specimens obtained from the United States Department of Agri-
culture through the kindness of Dr L. O. Howard, and liberated
in East Greenbush in August 1902 failed to survive the winter.
A second shipment of 25 was received Aug. 13, 1903, again through
the generosity of Dr Howard. These specimens were set at liberty
at Kinderhook N. Y. on the estate of Mr L. L. Morrell, who is a
large fruit grower. The tree selected was a large appletree badly
infested with San José scale, near the barn and on the edge of the
old orchard, close to his young pear orchard. There is an abund-
ance of scale on the old trees, as well as.on the young, and Mr
Morrell has consented to refrain from treating these, in order to
give the imported beetles an opportunity to demonstrate their
value.

An examination Sep. 28, 1903, of the appletree where these
insects were placed last August showed that eggs had been laid
and a number of young were easily found. Four adult beetles,
probably descendants of those originally established and nearly
20 larvae of varying size, from very young to nearly full grown,
were found in the center of the tree. This is a quite large one and
is very badly infested with the scale and there is every probability
that there are many more ladybugs on it and near-by trees than
were discovered, though a brief search failed to reveal any on the ~
latter. The examination was purposely limited because of the
difficulty of detecting the insects and the danger of crushing them:
in crawling about on the limbs. It certainly looks as though this
introduction had been fully as successful as that of the preceding
year and it is most earnestly hoped that some will survive the
winter, in which event we may be able to demonstrate the utility
of this insect in our climate.

Little black lady beetle (Pentilia misella Lec.). This
little lady beetle is usually found toward the end of the season in
orchards infested with San José scale, and we have on several
occasions recorded its presence in some numbers. Anything relat-
ing to the abundance and effectiveness of predaceous insects is of
interest, and it is gratifying to state that in October we found this

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 151

little species, far more abundant than we had observed it before,
in a badly infested peach orchard in Orange county. The little
beetles were so numerous that 20 or 25 could easily be counted on a
small portion of the trunk of a peachtree, and undoubtedly some
of them bore from one to several hundred of these little lady
beetles. They were crawling actively over the infested tree and
evidently looking here and there for insects suitable for their
needs. It is a source of regret to state that in spite of the great
abundance of these little lady beetles, there appears to be no very
material diminution in the numbers of the scale insects, which
literally swarmed on many of the trees. The worse infested ones
were more attractive to the lady beetles than the others. We have
yet to meet evidence showing that this species is very efficient in
reducing the numbers of this scale insect.

EXPERIMENTAL WORK AGAINST SAN JOSE SCALE
INSECT

The control of this pernicious insect is a problem of consider-
able importance in localities where it has become established.
This work was begun by us in 1900, primarily for the purpose of
testing the effectiveness and possibilities of crude oil applications.
Our results show that a mechanical emulsion of this material can
be used, and if great caution is exercised in its application, com-
paratively little or no injury follows. So many, however, have
met with such ill success that we have also experimented to a con-
siderable extent with other materials, specially since in the last
year or two we have observed some evidences of injury to the
bark after the application of oil. This first appears as an enlarge-
ment of the lenticels, which is evidently followed by a great
increase in thickness and a very rough, unsatisfactory condition
of the bark, and this has led us to question the advisability of
continuing such applications year after year, and also to make
further tests of materials which were free from this objection.

Early spring or winter applications
20¢ mechanical crude petroleum emulsion. The work with this

insecticide was continued the present season in the experimental
orchard, the application being made Mar. 3, to about 70 trees

152 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

representing a number of the more common varieties. It will be
observed that the spraying was earlier than usual, and the weather
eonditions favorable, the day being dry with only a moderate
amount of wind. This insecticide was applied as in the spring
of 1902, to the following trees: numbers 15-28, 34-47, 60-74, 79-91
and 101-14; or in other words, to the western end of the experi-
mental orchard, a map of which was published in our report for
1900. The general character of the trees and their varieties have
been previously published, and may be ascertained by referring
to the above publication. Tests of the mechanical dilution were
made while the work was in progress with the following results :
at tree 18 slightly less than 20¢; at tree 39, 264; at trees 45 and
46, 81%; at tree 84 slightly less than 20¢, and at tree 101, 334
of oil. The above figures represent more variation than is desir-
able, and yet, so far as we were able to see, the trees suffered very
little from the treatment. Inspection a few days after showed
that all were well covered with oil, though in some cases where
the bark was quite rough, it is probable that there were scales
which escaped.

Examination of these trees the latter part of July showed that
while a number of them were rather badly infested by living young,
a great many were relatively free. The following were rather
badly infested: trees 15, 16, 22, 38, 41-44, 73, 79, 82 and 86. The
foliage on tree 101 was light in color, small in size and the growth
only fair. It looked as though it had suffered some injury, and
undoubtedly the petroleum had hurt the bark to some extent.
. This injury was also noticeable to a lesser extent on some other
trees, the most common indication being much enlarged lenticels,
which seemed to be followed by an excessive development of outer
bark and a corresponding roughness, so that trees in this condi-
tion presented a somewhat bad appearance.

A general examination of the experimental orchard Sep. 25,
showed that the section sprayed with petroleum emulsion was
generally in much better condition than that treated with the
lime-sulfur wash. <A few of the trees in the petroleum section,
notably 23, 41 and 75, were badly infested by numerous living

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 153

young which had evidently developed within the last two or three
weeks. |

The ultimate effect of successive applications of crude petro-
leum to various fruit trees is of some interest, and on this account
we purposely made annual applications to certain trees, and an
examination of them is not without interest, since while it shows
some injury, the damage is not so serious as it first appeared.
For example, tree 101, a seckel pear, was very badly infested in
1900, when it was sprayed with undiluted petroleum and seriously
injured. The following year it was treated with a mechanical
mixture consisting of 15¢ oil and a whale oil soap solution, 1
pound to 4 gallons, and in the spring of 1902 and of 1903, with
20% mechanical emulsion. The tree at the outset, as above noted,
was in poor condition. It has been steadily improving, and last
December had developed a large amount of new wood, and during
the present season has made a fair growth, though the foliage is
rather light in color and less than normal size. Tree 114, a pear
of the same variety, received undiluted crude petroleum in 1900,
but was not injured so seriously as 101. Each subsequent year it
has been sprayed with a mechanical crude petroleum emulsion and
is now in a vigorous condition and in much better state than three
years ago, though the roughness of the bark on the trunk is becom-
ing more pronounced. Tree 69, a Howell pear, was sprayed in
1900 with the whale oil soap and petroleum combination, and with
mechanical petroleum emulsions the three succeeding springs, and
is now in as good condition as others which have not been sub-
jected to annual applications of oil. The same is practically
true of tree 66, a Bartlett pear. Other instances might be cited,
but enough has been given to show that ordinary fruit trees can
stand at least four applications in successive years with-
out much injury. The benefits resulting from this treatment
in the vicinity of Albany, as compared with those accruing from
the lime-sulfur combinations, were so marked that the owner has
repeatedly urged us to apply the oil to the entire orchard, because
the lime-sulfur wash had not proved satisfactory in controlling
the scale. It is only fair to add that much better results have

154 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

been obtained with this latter insectide in some other portions of
the State. aoe

Lime-sulfur washes. Early experiments with this material were
so unfavorable, that it was supposed to have no value in our east-
ern climate, though it had been used with great success in Cali-
fornia. The matter was revived in later years, and recent tests
have shown that under certain conditions, at least, very large
proportions of the scale have been killed by the use of this insecti-
cide. Our applications last year were somewhat unfortunate, in
view of the fact that we failed to kill a satisfactory proportion of
the insects, and in this respect our results were somewhat different
from those obtained by other experimenters. The treatment was
followed by continued heavy rains, and this, with oil from appli-
cations the preceding year may account for the noneffective-
ness of the wash. Further experiments were conducted the pres-
ent season for the purpose of testing the value of the preparation
more thoroughly, and also for determining, if possible, the best
wash to be employed. The early spring experiments were at Clin-
ton Heights, and at Warwick. Two formulas, in particular, were
tested: one which may be known as the 30-30-30 combination to
100 gallons, and the other the 40-15-20 to 60 gallons. Both gave
excellent results at Warwick, where conditions were almost ideal
for careful experimentation, and a modification possessing some
advantages was also employed. This latter consists of 25 pounds
of lime, 20 pounds of sulfur to 60 gallons of water. Unfortunately
the experiments at Clinton Heights though carefully performed
failed to yield the results we desired, partly on account of unfavor-
able conditions due to very large trees with rough bark being the
only ones available. In our experimental orchard at Clinton
Heights an application of lime-sulfur, using a 30-30-30 formula,
was made to the same trees treated in this way the preceding year,
and we regret to state that the results were not very satisfactory,
though the application was more successful than that of 1902.
The spraying was followed immediately by some snow and rain, |
and while this may have had a detrimental effect, it does not ac-
count entirely for the failure. It is possible that the extremely

Ea a i
be

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 155

rough bark on certain trees sheltered some of the scale insects
from the application, and consequently it was only a short time

_ before the trees were restocked by breeding. An interesting series

of experiments was conducted at Warwick, the essential details
of which are given in the table on page 156. Owing to difficulties
in application etc., it was not always possible to regulate closely
the period of boiling, and while our intention was to rigidly test

_the long and the short boil in each formula, as a matter of fact

there was some variation as will be seen on consulting the table.

The destruction of the scale, however, was all that could be ex-

pected, and it is very gratifying to state that Mr W. H.-Hart of
Poughkeepsie, whose large orchard is infested with this pest, was
able by the use of a wash composed of 30 pounds of lime, 20
pounds of sulfur and 15 pounds of salt to 60 gallons of water to
keep the insects in subjection in a very satisfactory manner in-
deed, though some of his trees were of considerable size, being 18
to 20 or more feet high. Mr Hart was careful to have the applica-
tion made in the most thorough manner and he took pains to
always work with the wind when spraying, and in this manner
was able to obtain a maximum efficiency with a minimum amount
of labor. Comparisons on trees which were sprayed on only one
side gave most gratifying testimony to the efficacy of the wash,
the treated portions being practically free, while the untreated
were almost covered with the pest. Ben Davis seems to be much
more susceptible to the scale than the Thompkins County King.
Mr Hart is of the opinon that a small amount of rain, particu-
larly a mist for a day or two immediately after spraying, is of
value because it brings the caustic wash into more intimate con-
tact with the scale. Mr L. L. Morrell of Kinderhook has also had
excellent results from use of a lime-sulfur wash and the same is

true of Edward Van Alstyne of the same place.

It is undoubtedly true that considerable variation is allowable
without materially influencing the value of the application. A
large amount of lime probably has some value because it forms a
thicker coat over the branches and is therefore a more efficient
mechanical barrier in preventing the establishment of young scale

YORK STATE MUSEUM

NEW

156

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REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 15¢

‘insects. If too much lime is used it is liable to scale off; conse-
quently there is a limit to the amount which can be employed, and
for various practical reasons we are inclined to believe that 25
pounds of lime, 20 pounds of sulfur to 60 gallons of water is a

ay
Y

ing the sulfur and its sulfids (which latter are undoubtedly

ery good proportion. The lime probably aids materially in hold-

among the most valuable constituents of the wash), and thus adds
to the efficiency of the insecticide by preventing to some extent,
leaching of its active ingredients. Our experiments fail to indi-

b

cate the necessity of prolonged boiling insisted on in so many
formulas. In fact, it seems as though active boiling for 30 min-
utes meets every requirement. A wash prepared in this manner
appears to be just as effective as one which has been boiled for a

a“

much longer time. Salt increases the specific gravity of the

| liquid and thus undoubtedly aids in keeping the solids in suspen-
sion, but so far as chemical action and insecticidal properties are
concerned, it appears to have no value, and the same is true of its
effect on the adhesive qualities of the wash. So marked is this
that we have omitted it from the composition of the wash because
of its very problematic value. We are still of the opinion that
Climatic conditions have considerable influence on the effective-
ness of this insecticide, and believe that it should be applied when
the trees are dry or nearly so, and that, in order to obtain satis-
factory results, no large amount of rain should fall within three
or four days after the spraying. This insecticide gives very good
Tesults wherever it can be applied thoroughly and has the advan-
tage of being cheaper than any other winter wash, though it is
decidedly more injurious to apparatus and exceedingly disagree-
able to apply.

The resin solution [see p. 160 for preparation] was added to

“Several of the washes in hopes that it would materially increase
their adhesiveness and likewise their insecticidal properties, be-
“cause such seemed to be the case in some preliminary indoor ex-
Periments. Field tests, however, failed to indicate any great ad-
Vantage resulting from the addition of this material, except
Perhaps in the case of rains immediately following the applica-

158 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

tion. It affected the washes by making them more or less flaky,
increasing the amount of sediment, and if much more had been
added it would probably have seriously affected the operation of
the pump. This material, if used, must be thoroughly diluted
with warm water before being added to a cooler lime-sulfur wash,
or it is likely to give trouble by gumming up the apparatus.

Summary. Our experience and experimental work may be sum-
marized briefly, as follows:

A mechanical 20% crude petroleum emulsion is a very effective
insecticide, and if the pump can be relied on to deliver a constant
proportion, there is very little danger of much injury from sev-
eral annual early spring applications. There is, however, some
doubt as to the ultimate result, and the continued use of this
material causes increased thickness and roughness of the bark, if
no other injury.

Early spring applications of whale oil soap solution, even if
only 14 pounds be used to a gallon, will control the insect in a
very satisfactory manner, provided the spraying is thorough. We
are by no means certain that this can be done on large trees, par-
ticularly those with rough bark.

The lime-sulfur combination is steadily gaining favor in the
eastern states, and under certain conditions, at least, is fully as
effective in checking the scale as either crude petroleum or a whale
oil soap solution. Our experiments lead us to believe that 25
pounds of lime and 20 pounds of sulfur to 60 gallons of water, are
equally as effective as larger amounts, and we believe it to be an
advantage to have a little more lime than sulfur. We fail to see
any beneficial results from the use of salt in this combination,
and therefore have omitted it; and in our experience, active boil-
ing for 30 minutes, if the lime is slaked in hot water and the sulfur
added at once, gives just as effective a wash as one which has been
boiled for one and one half or two hours.

In conclusion, the experience of Mr Hart and other up to date
fruit growers, has demonstrated not only the possibility but the
practicability of keeping this insect in control in an ordinary
commercial orchard. Our observations show beyond doubt, that

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 159

this seale insect is a.very serious enemy, and unless efficient
measures are promptly adopted for its suppression, very great

injuries may be caused.
Summer washes

This pernicious insect breeds with such extraordinary rapidity
during the summer, that ordinary applications of whale oil soap
or kerosene emulsion are not entirely satisfactory, since at the
strengths usually employed only the crawling young and smaller
scale insects are killed. It frequently occurs that an infesta-
tion is discovered in midsummer and the owner wishes to do some-
thing at once. The unsatisfactory results with the above named
washes led Mr P. L. Huested, nursery inspector of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture, to experiment with a mechanical 20% crude
petroleum emulsion, which was applied in July with a kerowater
sprayer to peachtrees. <A test of this material was made in a
very badly infested orchard in the summer of 1902, and beyond
causing some of the foliage to drop where it was the thickest, par-
ticularly in places where a 25% emulsion was used, as was the
case in certain areas, no serious injury to the trees followed the
treatment. The results were so satisfactory that the same course
was pursued last summer with equally gratifying effect so far as
injuring the trees was concerned, though at the time it did not ap-
pear as if the application was effective enough in killing the scale.
Subsequent observations, however, have shown that it was more
beneficial than at first supposed. In spite of this, we still feel
some hesitancy in recommending this treatment in summer, ex-
cept, perhaps, where the pest is breeding in very large numbers.

This condition of affairs led us to undertake a series of experi-
ments for the purpose of ascertaining if it were possible to make
some combination which, while not injuring the foliage, would
remain on the trees and be effective for some weeks after applica-
tion, and at least kill the crawling young as they came from under
the protecting scales of the females. The late Professor Lowe
conducted some experiments along this line,and our work has been
a continuation of that with modifications. It appeared to us as
though a lime-sulfur combination, possibly without boiling, could

160 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

be made of a proper strength so that it would kill a large propor-

tion of the younger scales, and we were in hopes that it would be |
powerful enough to destroy individuals emerging from females |

several weeks after application. The basis of these experiments

was a standard wash which we had used the preceding spring ©

with very gratifying results on dormant fruit trees. This wash
contained 25 pounds of lime, 20 pounds of sulfur to 60 gallons
of water. It was diluted to various strengths, and an effort made
to ascertain whether boiling for 15 or 30 minutes had any material
effect on the efficiency of the wash. In addition, a resin solution
was used, which is prepared as follows: dissolve 3 pounds of sal
soda in 3 quarts of water and add thereto 4 pounds of resin and
_ boil till dissolved. While hot, make up to 5 gallons and keep boil-
ing till the resin is well in solution. The resin was added simply
to increase the adhesiveness of the wash, in hopes that if this were
done the efficiency of the combination would be materially in-
creased. In a few instances the lime-sulfur combination was used
with the bordeaux mixture for the purpose of testing the value
of this combined wash. «The preparation and application of the
washes was the work of Assistant C. M. Walker, who ig also re-

sponsible for many of the field observations. The following table

gives in a summarized form the various ingredients of the different

washes and their effects on trees and scale and also the conditions -

under which they are applied. These experiments were conducted
in our experimental orchard at Clinton Heights near the western
boundary of East Greenbush.

161

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903

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Table of summer washes (continued)

GIL

COMPOSITION AND PREPARATION

PROPERTIES
Series | Wash| Lime | Sulfur | Resin | Salt | Water! Boil aeons Application Tree ae ao ee Weather
1 25 Ib 20 Ib 4 1b 0 60 gal. 0 0 Secs ae Old apple | Very poor SUshEly No seals ¥.% wee eae Ee
stan urn resent r, -
2} “ “ 0 |120¢a1.| 0 0 * “ “ " bs mediately “fol.
lowing. Rain 24
3 SA ty * 0 60 gal./15 min. 0 $s ES Very good Badly as Aug. 16-20 S
ieee I
eaves Oo}
4 * 7 - 1) 120 gal. + 0 . - Burned, “ ial
3 einised E
retaine
5 Br “s - 1 0 240 gal.| = 0 ee Old apple | Very poor| Uninjured = a
Peach Tips &
slight] >
burned |
6 we Le * 0 480 gal.) “* 0 s Old apple o Uninjured ~ i
Peach Tips =
slightly S
: | | burned a
q
1 25 Ib 20 Ib 4 1b 0 240 gal.j15 min. | 0 Imme- Pear Very good) Slightly 75 & Applied August me
diately burned killed 21, fair and im-
——— = mediate days
| Peach Slightly 16%
4 | burned killed
2 “s = ~ 0 (aac 30 min. 0 ~ | Pear | i Slightly | %
| | | | burned killed
| | } —|
| | Peach Slightly | 40%
| burned | killed
| | | |
s 85. Applied Sep. 4
1 25 Ib 20 1b 41b i) 240 g@al.|15 min. 0 ss Old apple Gooa Duned reitiea Wiis warn ina’
fn Me Re peat 0 After 2 hr Oi ad Vi Heavy rains in
2 : 5 stand Pyouns| October .
: ‘ None le’ :
. a bs sca!
ro “ “ “130 min. 0 Imme- : present \
3 diately “ “ 30 %
i d “ 0 & . Ae enone killed
5 ; stan i Ver Kills
5 “ “ “ 480 gal.|15 min. 0 ya Plum Fair Bete lenieainee
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only
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5 Tips slightly
Peach TCG

aa
20GT ISIMOIONWOLNG GLVIS aut JO 10d

S9T

164 NEW YORK STATE MUSHUM

Series 1. Nine different washes were applied June 22 in this
series, and observations made at intervals from June 26 to Sep.
28. Very small amounts were used and the solutions allowed
to stand two hours. Different results might have been secured
if larger quantities had been employed and applications made
at once. The spraying was done with a fine hand atomizer and
treatment limited to young, badly infested appletrees which bore
all stages of the scale. These trees had been set out only a few
weeks and) consequently made little growth, though the foliage
was in fair condition. The various washes did not injure the
leaves, and it will be noted that washes 1 to 5, which were either
unboiled or very dilute, adhered poorly, while 6, 7 and 9 con-
taining bordeaux were better in this respect, and 8, which was
boiled and also contained bordeaux, was much better. None
could be distinguished on the tree 10 days after application. All
washes killed the majority of the crawling young but did not
prevent the development of established scales or the growth of
young appearing after treatment. There was very little appre-
ciable difference in the various washes, and on Sep. 8 all the
trees were badly infested by all stages, crawling young being
specially abundant.

Series 2. Six washes were applied July 28 in this series, and
observations made from July 30 to Sep. 8. The washes were
prepared in substantially the same manner as indicated above,
and applied to the same lot of trees with the exception of a branch
of a peachtree which was sprayed with 6. The condition of the
foliage and scale infestation was identical with that in series 1,
and the weather conditions were similar. Apple foliage was un-
injured by any of the washes, but peach leaves were slightly
burned at the tips by wash 6. Washes 3 and 4 were boiled 15
minutes, were more adhesive than the others, and Aug. 10 showed
good color but on Sep. 8 no trace remained. The crawling young
only were killed.

Series 3. Washes in this series were applied Aug. i4 and were
similar to those of series 2. Observations were made from Aug.
17 to Sep. 8, and the conditions, preparation, etc., were practi-

cally the same as in series 1. The applications were confined

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 165

to portions of old appletrees except in cases of washes 5 and 6,
which were also applied to peachtrees. The scale infestation was
‘slight and the weather fair immediately following the treatment.
Appletree foliage was injured by wash 3, which caused the leaves
to shrivel and fall off, and 4 burned them slightly. Wash 5
burned tips of peach leaves, and 6 had the same effect. Numbers
8 and 4 adhered very well for three weeks.

Series 4. The two washes used in this experiment were applied
Aug. 21 and observations made from Aug. 27 to Oct. 20. Rela-
tively large amounts were used and the applications made im-
mediately after preparation. The cyclone nozzle used gave a
somewhat coarser spray than the atomizer employed in the first
three series. Pear, plum, peach and mulberry trees were used
in this experiment and most of them were badly infested. The
foliage was in good condition, the weather fair and remained
so for a few days following the spraying. Plum and pear leaves
were injured by wash 1, partictilarly in the case of a pear where
the treatment was specially thorough. This latter dropped its
leaves, while another, which received less of the mixture, did not,
though the foliage was evidently injured. Wash 2 seriously
injured peach leaves and caused slight burning of plum and mul-
berry foliage. Wash 1 adhered very well and was present in
thick layers Sep. 8 and traces of color could be detected Oct. 20.
The same was true to a lesser extent of wash 2. Oct. 20, number
1 had destroyed 757 of the scale on a peartree, and the foliage
was slightly burned. A number of limbs were dying on the
tree, which had dropped its lower foliage and on which the scale
was entirely dead. Only about 15% of the scale had been killed
on the living branches. Wash 2 killed 40¢ of the scale on one
tree and about 857 on the other, which latter was in very bad
condition.

Series 5. Six washes were applied Sep. 4, and observations
made at intervals from Sep. 6 to Oct. 20. Small amounts of
the washes were used and the same nozzle was employed as in
Series 4. Apple foliage was slightly burned by washes 1, 2 and 3,

166 NEW YORK STATE 3IUSEUM

and pear leaves with wash 4. Plum foliage was injured very
slightly by wash 5, and number 6 burned tips of peach leaves to
a slight extent but did not injure pear foliage. Washes 1, 2, 3
and 4 adhered well, 5 and 6 more so, 6 in particular being thickly
incrusted on limbs and) foliage. Wash 1 killed 85% of the scale,
and there was a marked contrast between sprayed and unsprayed
branches. Wash 2 had no effect on the scale, while 4 killed 304.
The latter was boiled longer and this may account for its greater
effectiveness. Variaticn in intervals between preparation and
application appeared to have no effect on the adhesive or insecti-
cidal qualities of these washes. phe

Summary. A mechanical 20¢ crude petroleum emulsion was
applied in early July, two seasons in succession, to peachtrees
without causing much injury beyond dropping some of the foliage
where it was the thickest. It undoubtedly destroys a large
amount of scale and seriously checks breeding, yet we hesitate
to do more than state what it has accomplished. It is perhaps
the best thing that can be used where a very bad infestation is
discovered in midsummer,

A whale oil soap solution, 1 pound to 8 or 10 gallons; a kerosene
emulsion (standard formula diluted with 6 to 10 parts of water),
or a 15 or 20% mechanical kerosene emulsion can be used in
midsummer for checking the San José scale, but none of these
materials can be relied on to kill much more than the crawling
young, and breeding is soon almost as bad as before the appli-
cation unless treatments are frequent.

Our experiments with lime-sulfur combinations for a summer

wash have not been as successful as was hoped, though 25 pounds

of lime, 20 pounds of sulfur to 240 gallons of water with a 15
minute boil killed a large percentage of the scales on an old
appletree in early September without materially injuring the
foliage. It is barely possible that a combination of about this
strength can be used with beneficial results, but nothing of the
kind can be recommended till further experiments have tested

its practicability.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 167

DISEASED AND DYING TREES AND INSECT ATTACK

The connection existing between diseased and dying trees and
insect depredations is not only ‘one of interest, but also of con-
siderable importance, since in some instances at least serious
depredations have origin in a group of diseased or dying trees. It
is well known for example that certain species exhibit a decided
preference for trees in this condition, and when breeding there-
from in very large numbers are liable to attack healthy trees, if
nothing more suitable is within reach. It is very likely for ex-
ample that the more serious injuries by the elm borer, Saperda
tridentata Oliv., and the elm snout beetles, Magdalis
armicollis Sayand M. barbita Say, begin in this manner.
These three insects can at least complete their transformations in
dead tissues and are known to work in those which are living, and
it seems very likely that in some cases they first attack a sickly
limb or tree, and then after becoming abundant are able to kill
others which show no signs of lowered vitality. The same is true
of certain bark borers belonging to the genus Tomicus which oper-
ate exclusively in coniferous trees. Ourlargest species known as the
coarse-writing bark beetle, Tomicus calligraphus Germ.,
usually breeds abundantly in diseased bark and instances have
come under our observation where this species not only ran a few
galleries in living tissues, but evidently took part in a primary
attack on a tree in apparently normal condition. It was assisted
in this work by a smaller pine bark beetle, Tomicus pini Say,
which operates in the thinner bark, about the middle portion of
the trunk and on the larger limbs. This latter species very likely
has more to do in killing trees than the form previously mentioned,
but evidence at hand indicates that the larger as well as the
smaller may have an important part in this destructive work when
conditions are favorable. The destruction of trees by insects
breeding from a few dying ones was well illustrated in the sum-
mers of 1900 and 1901, at which time a number of pines in the
vicinity of Albany began to look unhealthy. Investigation showed
that they were infested with bark borers, and later in the season

|

168 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

of 1900 and the following many of the borers emerged from these

dying trees and entered others, in which latter they were

presumably the prime cause of death. The evidence at hand
leads us to believe that in this case the bark beetles were primarily
attracted to certain trees because of reduced vitality, possibly as
a result of the excessive drouth of the preceding year, and that all
Subsequent injuries were due to their abnormal abundance; since
they issued from the infested trees in swarms and attacked those
adjacent, and the insects breeding from the latter in turn invaded
others more remote from the center of infestation. The obtaining
of data along these lines is somewhat difficult, since it is dependent
on favorable conditions, and the following account of observations
made during the past season has an important bearing on one
aspect of this subject.

Forest fires and insect attack. The annals of entomology contain
very little regarding the relationship existing between forest fires
and insect attack, and the extended burnings last spring in the
Adirondacks, presented a most favorable opportunity for studying
this question, so far as fires occurring at that time of year are con-
cerned. The principal object was first to secure data on the
rapidity with which insect injury followed fire, and second to
learn if there was a connection between extended fires and serious
damage by insects in adjacent forests. It is very probable that
the time of year when the fire occurs, has considerable bearing on
the lability of insects entering the trees and breeding in large
numbers, and the same is true of the character of the fire. A
forest fire which not only kills but burns trees so badly that there
is a rapid drying of those standing is much less likely to be fol-
lowed by insect attack than one where there is only sufficient burn-
ing at the base to kill, specially if death is not rapid. Ap. 30,
May 15 and June 3 there were somewhat extensive fires in the
vicinity of Big Moose, and investigations by assistant D. B. Young,
July 2, showed that insect attacks had become nicely started in
the burning of May 15, more advanced in that of April 30, while
practically no signs of insect presence were observed in that of

June 3. This would seem to indicate that the trees are not at-

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 169

tacked till from four to six weeks after the initial injury. Mr
Young’s investigations showed that trees entirely killed by the
fire were less subject to attack than those which had been so
severely scorched as to be nearly dead or in a dying condition. An
examination July 3 of a large tract at Big Moose, which was
burned over June 3 and was extinguished on the 18th, failed to
show any insects working on these trees; in fact, within the fire zone
they were scarce, only a few common moths and a lady beetle
being observed; just outside this fire zone, where trees had been
felled to keep the fire from spreading, a few spruce bark beetles,
Polygraphus rufipennis Kirby had begun to attack
the spruce. The trees were attacked in the following order: pine,
spruce, tamarack, birch, hemlock, balsam, beech and maple.

Investigations by Mr Young on Aug. 12 of the area burned
June 3 showed a remarkable scarcity of bark borers (scolytids)
in the fire zone at Big Moose. This may possibly be explained by
the fire occurring at a time when no brood of adults was able to
take advantage of the favorable conditions, and it may also be
that the injured trees were not attractive enough to the insects
for some reason or other. In our own experience, we have come
across several burnings where it would appear as though bark
borers should be abundant, and yet examination has shown them
to be present in very small numbers. The timber on the above
mentioned area has been injured entirely by large buprestids men-
tioned in succeeding paragraphs, which cause comparatively little
injury to the lumber. The section burned Ap. 30 was also ex-
amined, and the principal damage here had evidently been caused
by the ambrosia beetles (mentioned in following paragraphs),
since they operate in sapwood and produce the black pin holes
which seriously affect the commercial value of lumber.

Pine. Investigations July 9 at Lake Clear Junction, where a
fire occurred May 18, showed that the pine bark borer, Tomicus
pini Say, was working in the living tissues of a tree which had
been injured by the fire.

The. work of this species should be followed soon by that of the
sawyer, Monohammus confusor Kirby, or M. scutel-

170 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ~

latus Say, which begins its operations by depositing eggs in
large slits in the bark. The grubs tunnel the inner tissues of the
bark and in the course of a.short time enter the sapwood and by
winter probably pierce the trunk to a considerable depth, mater-
ally injuring the lumber for other purposes than firewood. Mr
Young’s investigations in both July and August disclosed no
signs of injury by this species. Two specimens of Rhyncolus
brunneus Mann. were taken by him July 9 at Lake Clear
Junction from a pine injured by fire the previous year.

Spruce. This tree was first attacked by the spruce bark beetle,
Polygraphus rufipennis Kirby, and the lined ambro-
sia beetle, Xyloterus lineatus Kirby. The former is a
very common insect in the Adirondacks and undoubtedly causes
a large amount of injury by killing trees, while the latter, working
as it does in the sapwood and producing conspicuous black holes,
seriously affects the merchantable value of considerable lumber.
July 3 almost every spruce in the area burned Ap. 30 at Big Moose
was attacked by these two insects, the first working near the top of
the tree, while the latter operated in the lower portions of the
trunk. Another ambrosia beetle) Gnathotricus materi-
arius Fitch, was also observed in small numbers in the base of
one or two trees. On another section, where the fire occurred
May 14, it was found that the spruce bark beetle, Poly-
graphus rufipennis Kirby, and the lined ambrosia beetle,
Xyloterus lineatus Kirby, had just begun work, and a
species of Chrysobothris was also met with on spruce. Burned
areas in the neighborhood of Lake Placid were also visited, and it
was found that on the section where a very severe fire occurred
April 30, the insects began operations later than on the area
burned over about the same time at Big Moose, where the fire
was not so injurious to the trees. The fire at Lake Placid, ocecur-
ring June 3, was less injurious than the one at Big Moose on the
same date, and on July 9 the scolytids were just beginning to

attack the spruce, indicating that trees which were merely .

scorched, but not so much as to kill them at once, are sooner
attacked by insects.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 171
Investigations of spruce Aug. 12 on the tract at Big Moose
which was burned June 3 showed that trees giving no evidence of
insect attack on July 3 were infested with the larvae of a bupre-
stid, probably Chrysobothris scabripennis Lap. &
Gory. This record is of interest as showing when -the trees are
likely to be infested by this class of borers, which operate largely
in the sapwood and do not seriously affect the value of the lumber.
This beetle was fairly common on standing but badly burned
spruce. The buprestid showed a decided preference for larger
trees, though those which were badly scorched so that the inner
bark had dried were not infested. Two or three specimens of
Xylotrechus undulatus Say were taken on spruce, and
Phymatodes dimidiatus Kirby was also met with in
sparing numbers. The bark borers noticed above had made con-
siderable progress.

Tamarack. Investigations July 9 of a section burned May 14
at Lake Clear Junction resulted in finding a tamarack infested by
a scolytid, possibly Tomicus pini Say. A specimen of Lep-
tura, L. subhamata Rand., was also taken from a burned
trunk.

Birch. The yellow birches at Big Moose on the tract burned
over Ap. 30 were in early July, in many cases, slightly green
at the top and were being mined by Dryocoetes eich-
hoffi Hopk.; specially was this the case where the trunks
were scorched seriously enough to interfere with the circulation
of sap. The common fiat-headed borer, Chrysobothris
femorata Fabr., was taken on a fallen birch. The pigeon
tremex, T. columba Linn., was observed in small numbers
on birch, but investigations showed that its attack was confined to
more or less decayed trees. This insect was also met with under
the same conditions on maple and beech trees. Birch trees were
relatively free from insect attack in August, probably because
the thin bark permitted rapid evaporation and the consequent
drying was unfavorable for borers, through Dryoccetes had made
considerable progress in the large trees.

Hemlock. The 6-spotted buprestid, Melanophila ful-
voguttata Harr., was numerous at Big Moose July 3 in the

172, NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

burning of Ap. 30, on large hemlocks. Though they were some-
what green, none were observed on very small dead trees. ‘A
cerambicid, Xylotrechus undulatus Say, was observed
in some numbers. [Examination of these trees Aug. 10 resulted
in finding some infested which showed no evidence of insect at-
tack July 8, the larvae of Melanophila fulvoguttata
Harr. probably being the principal offender. This is perhaps
to be explained by this buprestid being on the wing mostly dur-
ing July, and consequently there would not be a serious infesta-
tion till after the adults had flown for a period. (

Balsam. Investigations July 2 on an area near, Big Moose,
burned over Ap. 30 resulted in finding several specimens of
Chrysobothris pusilla Lap. & Gory on this tree, while
C. scabripennis Lap. & Gory, were fairly common on the
standing but badly burned balsams. Investigations Aug. 12
showed that the balsam compared with spruce was quite exempt
from attack, probably due to the thinness of the bark and con-
sequently quick drying of the sapwood. The lined ambrosia
beetle, Xyloterus lineatus Kirby, was found in small
numbers in July and its operations had progressed but little in
August. 3
_ Poplar. Examinations July 7 of an area near Big Moose
burned over May 14 resulted in finding a large species of Xyle-
borus in poplar.

Conclusions. Investigations the present season have shown that,
while a number of insects are liable to attack burned trees
within four to six weeks after injury, no very material injury is
likely to result during the summer, except possibly from the
work of ambrosia beetles. The other species either confine their
operations so largely to the bark or else occur in such small
numbers that for the present they may be neglected. The am-
brosia beetles rarely extend their operations to a greater depth
than 2 or 3 inches and as a consequence a considerable propor-
tion of the lumber will be free of injury. This would hardly
prove to be the case if the trees are allowed to remain standing
a second season, at which time they will undoubtedly offer at-

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 Lilo

tractive shelters for a number of other borers, some of which
may penetrate the wood to a considerable depth and damage it
very materially for other than firewood purposes. While prompt
cutting of burned timber is advised wherever practical, the evi-
dence at hand is not sufficient to indicate any very urgent neces-
sity of its being removed prior to the winter following the attack.
The insects now in the burned trees (if the latter are allowed
to remain) will probably appear another spring and be numerous
enough to cause considerable damage at least to weaker trees

_in the vicinity of the burned areas, and their multiplication in

such places may eventually lead to a considerable extension of
the damage. This is particularly liable to be the case with ever-
green trees, and in the vicinity of Albany we have observed
several localities where bark borer attack appeared to start with
one or more infested trees, and the affected area was gradually
increased till a considerable number of pines were destroyed.

It is not only advisable to cut the burned trees so far as pos-
sible during the winter, but they should also be removed from
the land or at least gotten into water, so that the insects now
under the dead bark will be unable to emerge and continue the
attack. The same end may be attained in the case of bark borers,
and they are the ones most likely to injure standing trees, by
peeling the bark from the logs. This will hardly be practised in
this county, even if it were profitable—something requiring
demonstration.

VOLUNTARY ENTOMOLOGIC SERVICE OF NEW YORK.
STATE

The work of the last four years has been continued and a num-
ber of valuable observations added to our previous reports. The
season of 1902 was unfavorable for the development of certain
forms of insect life, and the same has been true to even a more
marked extent in 1903. The latter, however, will probably go
down in history as a season when plant lice or aphids were abnor-
mally abundant and injurious to a great many plants throughout
the entire State. 36 voluntary observers were appointed during

174 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the season and but 21 of them rendered reports. This is largely
due to the general scarcity of forms which lend themselves readily
to observation, and the depredations of plant lice are so similar
that most observers were unable to report on the outbreak in
a satisfactory manner. It will be noted that the following re-
ports contain some negative statements, which are of value
because they emphasize the abnormal scarcity of various species.
Too much dependence can not be placed on these reports, because
with some exceptions they may be called local and not repre-
sentative even of the county. It will also be observed that there
are a number of conflicting statements, due to the belief by some
parties that dry weather is favorable to the development of plant
lice, while others state most clearly that the great increase in
numbers of these pests was subsequent to the rains. It may be
stated that we have not enough data to explain this difference
and we are content at present to give opinions as they are trans-
mitted. The observers all agree in reporting very cold, inclement
weather in the early part of the season, and this undoubtedly
had considerable effect in checking the appearance or in reducing
the destructiveness of some of our more common injurious species.

Albany county [E. T. Schoonmaker, Cedar Hill]|—Forest tent
caterpillars (Malacosoma disstria MHibn.) hatched in
limited numbers Ap. 23 and apparently have not suffered by the
freeze.. These insects caused practically no injury later in the
season and consequently no report was made regarding the same.
Klm leaf beetles (Galerucella luteola Miill.) occurred
in limited numbers but were not abundant enough in the country
to cause material damage.

Cattaraugus county [C. KE. Eldredge, Leon|—Complaint of a
looper caterpillar, probably a species of canker worm, was re-
ceived June 10 with the statement that they had been observed on
forest trees in that vicinity for several years, and that previously
they had not appeared on appletrees. These insects were so near
maturity that on June 17 no specimens were to be found. A soft
scale (Lecanium ? pruinosum Coq.) was taken in some
numbers from a trumpet vine. The unusually cold, inclement

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 175

weather kept insects well in control, and as a consequence there
was comparatively little to report from this section—June 10
Cattaraugus county [F. A. Fitch, Randolph|—Appletree tent
caterpillars (Malacosoma americana Fabr.) appeared
the latter part of April and were very abundant in neglected
orchards, increasing immensely in numbers during the last two or
three years. Squash bugs (Anasa tristis DeGeer) ruineda
crop of squashes in this section last year. Cabbage butterflies
(Pieris rapae Linn.) appeared about the middle of May,
and the same was true of May bugs, species unknown, and various
mosquitos. The white grub of the May beetle has not been as
destructive as in former years.—May 15. Potato beetles (Dor y-
phora 10-lineata Say), grasshoppers and the plum curculio
(Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst.) made their appear-
ance May 26. [arly in June curculios were reported as being at
work, potato beetles as laying eggs, and plant lice as being present
on cherrytrees. The latter are the ordinary black species
(Myzus cerasi Fabr.) which has been unusually destructive
and injurious in various sections of the State. Squash bugs ap-
peared June 18, horn flies (Haemotobia serrata Rob.
Desy.) the second week in June, and rose beetles (Macrodac-
tylus subspinosus Fabr.) were very abundant on some
rose bushes. Potato beetles are somewhat abundant and are lay-
ing eggs on potatoes. So far this season insects appeared to be
less injurious than usual, probably on account of cold rains.
—June 22. Large, green horseflies are quite troublesome and
young grasshoppers are numerous on lowlands. Insect depreda-
tions are less than usual.—July 8. There are few mosquitos in
the village and on the farm we saw none where commonly there
have been millions. Ditching the land has undoubtedly aided
very much in reducing their number. Flies are also less abun-
dant than usual.—July 22. The first cabbage butterfly was ob-
served in the field Aug. 11. A single mosquito was observed re-
cently, though none had been seen for weeks before. Cabbage
“Inaggots (Phorbia brassicae Bouché) are working to
some extent on cabbage, and the same is true of the cabbage louse

176 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM —

(Aphis brassi cae Linn.) Grasshoppers are scarce as well
Aug. 17 .
Cayuga county [Purley Minturn, Locke ]—A ppletree tent cater-

as most other injurious insects.

pillars (Malacosoma americana Fabr.) were observed
for the first time May 5. Farmers have begun spraying. Very
few injurious insects appeared owing probably to the extremely
cold and frosty nights.—May 5. Colorado potato beetles (Dor y-
phora 10-lineata Say) are very plenty, and the small, black
flea beetle (Crepidodera cucumeris Harr.) is at work
on potatoes and also feeding on various weeds in the Potato
field —June 11

Chemung county |[M. H. Beckwith, Elmira|—Cabbage butter-
flies (Pieris rapae Linn.) appeared Ap. 238. The Indian
Cetonia (Euphoria inda linn.) was observed May 1, and
appletree tent caterpillars (Malac osoma americana
Fabr.) the 2d. The latter do not appear to be as numerous as
usual at this season of the year.—May 8. Currant worms
(Pteronus ribesii Scop.) appeared on gooseberries May
8, asparagus beetles (Crioceris asparagi Linn.) May 11
and potato beetles (Doryphora 10-lineata Say) were
first observed May 16. There were at this time no depredations
of special importance.—May 25. Plant lice have been very
abundant-on plum and cherry trees but since the rains they are
less numerous. Potato beetles are not very abundant and their
eggs are developing slowly.—June 30. This has been a most
remarkable season for insect depredations, as there have been
very few species observed during the protracted dry weather.
Karly in the summer plant lice were quite abundant on cherry and

plum trees and threatened for a time to cause considerable injury, —

but the wet weather came soon enough to prevent any great dam-
age. Currant worms were less numerous than last year and the
second brood was very small. Potato beetles were less destruct-
ive than usual and occurred in very small numbers. Cutworms
were quite numerous, yet they caused less damage to plants than
usual. Tobacco worms (Phlegethontius 5-macu-
latus Hitibn.) were very scarce, in fact, only two were met with

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 aaa (1

this season, though much time was spent in tobacco fields. The
striped cucumber beetle (Diabrotica vittata Fabr.) and

the squash bug (Anasa tristis ‘DeGeer) have been so few in
‘number that their attacks were not noticed. The fall webworm
(Hyphantria textor Harr.) was rather more abundant
than last season.—Oct. 8

Dutchess county [H. D. Lewis, Annandale|—Appletree tent
caterpillars (Malacosoma americana Fabr.) were first .
observed Ap. 20, and forest tent caterpillars (Malacosoma
disstria Hitbn.) on the 30th. A very few bud moth larvae
(Tmetocera ocellanaSchiff.) were observed May 1.
Cold weather has kept insects in check and no species is remark-
ably abundant.—May 4. Tent caterpillars are, so far, much less
abundant than for the past five years. The weather continues
cold and dry and insects and fungi are developing slowly. May
12. Tent caterpillars of both species are reported as causing some
injury. Plant lice (Aphis mali Fabr.andMyzus cerasi
Fabr.) are exceedingly abundant on apple and cherry trees
respectively.—May 27. The latter have appeared recently and
they are the only insects which are at all abundant. The weather
continues cold and dry.—Jwne 1. There is a great decrease in
the number of caterpillars from last year and plant lice are
exceedingly abundant.—June 15. Plant lice are still increasing
and are the only insects which are of much importance. Tent
caterpillars, both species, are not nearly so abundant as in former
years. The weather is very wet at present—June 22. Apple
plant lice are present in enormous numbers and more abun-
dant than they have been for 10 years. There are a few cut-
worms but other insects are scarce. The weather continues cold
and very wet.—June 25. A very serious attack of pear psylla
(Psylla pyricola Forst.) has developed within the last 10
days, and the crop will be seriously hurt. Apple aphis is still
present in very large numbers, and potato beetles (Doryphora
10-lineata Say) are remarkable for their scarcity —July 10.
The apple aphis and the pear psylla continued in great abundance
and have inflicted very serious damage, specially the latter. The

178 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

weather has been very wet and cold since June 1, and apparently
favorable for the development of the above insects. The peartrees
have suffered extremely, all the young growth being killed, and
they are now starting a new growth from next year’s buds. This
wood can not ripen and the results must be very injurious. We
visited one pear orchard of 600 trees where Psyllas were still very
active and attacking the new growth as fast as it appeared. The
pear crop in this section is ruined.—Aug. 10

Erie county [J. U. Metz, Swormville|—Striped asparagus beetle
(Crioceris asparagi Linn.) was observed today, for the
first time. We have not been able to find any of the spotted
species (C. 12-punctata Linn.). Quite a little wheat is
down but we have not been able to detect any work of the Hessian
fly (Cecidomyia destructor Say)—WMay 28. Currant
worms (Pteronus ribesii Scop.) were observed yesterday
in numbers for the first time. Rose beetles (Macrodactylus
Subspinosus Fabr.) are exceedingly numerous and causing
considerable damage. Both moth larvae (Tmetocera ocel-
lana Schiff.) are quite numerous and causing some injury. Not
a trace of Hessian fly has been observed. Many young shoots of
blackberries are affected by the gouty gall beetle (Oberea
bimaculata Oliv.). Potato beetles (Doryphora 10-
lineata Say) are numerous on early potatoes.—June 11. Rose
beetles are very numerous and in one instance were so abundant
that some cherrytrees were literally covered with them and looked
as though they had been scorched by fire; not only the foliage but
also the fruit was affected, and the insects were not above eating
the grass beneath the trees. Grapevines are also being injured to
some extent by these pests.—July 6

Genesee county [J. F. Rose, South Byron ]—Cabbage butterflies
(Pieris rapae Linn.) were first observed May 6, and potato
beetles (Doryphora 10-lineata Say) were first noticed
May 7. Tent caterpillars (Malacosoma americana
Fabr.) are scarce as yet. The extremely cold, inclement weather
of early May has kept many insects in check.—May 11. Cab-
bage worms were first observed on plants the 22d. Asparagus

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 179

beetles (Crioceris asparagi Linn.) are plenty. There
are not many potato beetles as yet. Cigar case-bearers (Coleo-
phora fietcherella Fern.) are very numerous in some
orchards. Something has happened to tent caterpillars, as they

are extremely scarce; so evident is this that it is a source of com-
mon remark. There are no evidences of injury by cankerworm.—
May 25. The cabbage root maggot (Phorbia brassicae
Bouché) is unusually numerous and very destructive to early cab-
bages. The four-lined leaf bug (Poecilocapsus lineatus
Fabr.) is quite abundant and, as usual, is indifferent as to what
kind of plant it attacks, occurring with great impartiality on
burdock, peppermint, sage, currant ete. Cankerworms are very
scarce in this immediate vicinity, but are reported as having done
considerable damage in orchards between here and Rochester.
In a trip to Niagara Falls I observed several orchards between
LaSalle and that place, which were brown from the work of this
pest—June 3. There is practically no Hessian fly (Cecido-
myia destructor Say) as after inquiry at a grange meet-
ing, only one farmer reported any, and that was in a field of late
sown no. 6 white wheat. A similar inquiry regarding canker-
worms and tent caterpillars resulted in statements that very few
or none had been seen. There is some complaint of plant lice on

plum and cherry trees.—/June 15. The black or cucumber flea

beetle (Crepidodera cucumeris Harr.) is much com-
plained of and has not only perforated potato leaves but is said
to be at work on corn and beans as well as tomatoes. The striped
cucumber beetle (Diabrotica vittata Fabr.) is very
numerous on squash, melon and cucumber vines, nearly destroy-
ing them in some gardens. Following our severe drouth we have
had three weeks of drizzling rain, and plant lice are very bad on
fruit and other trees. We have never seen them on so many varie-
ties of trees till this year. The young growth of quinces for 6
or 8 inches on each shoot is a mass of lice, and the leaves are black-
ened and rolled up. This plant louse outbreak has been exceed-
ingly severe and injurious to a great many plants. There is a
very general complaint among cabbage growers about the root

180 ; NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

maggot. The cabbage plant louse (Aphis brassicae

Fabr.) is also abundant, curling the leaves and turning them >
blue-——June 29. Fall webworms (Hyphantria textor.

Harr.) appeared July 2 and are now quite numerous. The squash

bug (Anasa tristis DeGeer) has not appeared. There |
was a fair crop of striped cucumber beetles and they have now

disappeared. Cabbages are white with cabbage aphis. This is

the first time this insect has been a serious pest in this locality. —

Plant lice are also exceedingly abundant on fruit trees. Pear
psylla (Psylla pyricola Forst.) is very abundant and
seriously injuring the crop.—July 2. Fall webworms are un-
usually numerous, and potato growers have had little difficulty
in controlling the potato beetle. Cabbages are very seriously
affected by the aphis. Not a squash bug has been seen.—Aug. 17

Greene county [O. Q. Flint, Athens|—No injurious insects have
been observed except tent caterpillars (Malacosoma ameri-
cana Fabr.), which appeared later than usual and are much
scarcer at this date than has ever been known before. The
weather was extremely dry and growers are spraying pear and
plum trees.—May 20

Herkimer county [George S. Graves, Newport|—Black butter-
flies (probably Euvanessa antiopa Linn.), were observed
for the first time Ap. 25, and the same is true of the cabbage
butterfly (Pieris rapae, Linn.). Cold winds and cloudy
weather seem to have delayed the appearance of insects.—Ap. 28.
Webs of the appletree tent caterpillar (Malacosoma
americana Fabr.) began to appear Ap. 30 and were by no
means abundant May 6. The weather has been too cold for any
rapid increase in insect life—dJ/ay 7. Plant lice have appeared
on wild cherrytrees, and the currant worm (Pteronus
ribesii Scop.) is at work, both eggs and larvae being found.
No nests of tent caterpillars have been observed this week. The
weather is warm and dry.—May 14. Potato beetles (Dory-
phora 10-lineata Say) were observed May 16, and cur-
rant lice (Myzus ribis Fabr.) were just appearing on the
leaves on the same date—May 2/. Black flea beetles (Crepi-

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 181

dodera cucumeris Harr.) are appearing on potato leaves,
and some insect is feeding quite generally on plantains, (very
probably Dibolia borealis Chev.). Horn flies (Haema-
tobia serrata Rob.-Desv.) are quite numerous on cattle.
An examination shows that eges of the currant worm are abun-
dant. Elm foliage is full of holes, probably the work of larvae
_ of the elm flea beetle (Disonycha triangularis Say).—
May 27. Terminal leaves of elms are badly twisted and wrinkled by
aphis attack, very probably Schizoneura americana
Riley. Potato beetles are very rarely seen, though many eggs
have been observed. ‘The foliage of the few potatoes above
ground is badly eaten by the black flea beetle. Nests of the
appletree tent caterpillar are very scarce and with but few
tenants. Currant aphis continues abundant.—June 3. Rose bee-
tles (Macrodactylus subspinosus Fabr.) were ob-
served for the first time on rosebushes June 4, and considerable
damage has been inflicted. A species of plant louse (Chaito-
phorus negundinis Thos.) has appeared somewhat abun-
dantly on the ash-leaf maple. Grasshoppers are becoming quite
abundant in old pastures. The scarcity of potato beetles is
cause for general comment, and the black flea beetles are ex-
June 10.2 7X
few full-grown forest tent caterpillar larvae (Malacosoma

ceedingly numerous on potato and tomato vines.

disstria Hibn.) were observed. Spittle insects are uncom-
monly abundant on grass under a spreading shade tree. Rose
beetles (Macrodactylus subspinosus Fabr.) are
abundant on appletrees, on thorn apple, and very numerous on
white daisy and dock. The daisy flowers are eaten off in many

instances.—June 17. Potato beetle larvae were observed on one

plant June 22, and a few striped cucumber beetles (Diabro-
tica vittata Harr.) were noticed on lima beans. The cur-
rant aphis (Myzus ribis Fabr.) is causing very little damage,
while tomato and potato vines are considerably injured by the
black flea beetle—June 24. Currant leaves appear as though
they had been eaten by the sawfly, though no larvae have been
observed. The little plant louse (D repanosiphum aceri-

182 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

folii Thos.) appears to be quite common on a number of varie-
ties of maple and is causing some injury.—July 1. Black-headed
cabbage worms (Evergestis stramenalis Htbn.) are
causing some injury to turnips. Some caterpillars, probably fall
webworms (Hyphantria textor Harr.) have appeared in
small numbers on an appletree. Plant hice are abundant on many
plants, such as apple, elm, box-elder, birch, wild cherry, burdock,
pigweed and dock. Though potato beetles were never so incon-
spicuous, there are plenty of grubs.—J/July 22. The maple aphis
(Drepanosiphum acerifolii Thos.) appears to be the
cause of much premature falling of leaves, the pests being gen-
erally distributed, occurring even in the tops of trees 60 feet
high. Plant lice have appeared in some numbers on red rose
bushes.—J/July 29. There is apparently another brood of black-
headed cabbage worms at work, if size is any indication. Plant
lice (probably Aphis brassicae lLinn.), are numerous on
turnips. The appletree plant louse (Aphis mali Fabr.) is
abundant and seriously injuring appletrees. The pests are spe-
cially abundant on new, .tender shoots. Cherrytrees are very
little affected, and plunitrees more so, but in the latter case black
knot is also prevalent. Grasshoppers are generally scarce, though
in a few localities they are abundant. _Cabbage butterfly
(Pieris rapae Linn.) has not been very abundant so far
this season.—Aug. 4. A psocid (Psocus? venosus Burm.)

was found in clusters of 200 or more on the trunks of maple, and
a few were also observed on appletrees. In some cases the bark

of the tree seemed to be whitened as though it were partially eaten,
probably by the insects gnawing away the lichens and outer por-
tions of the bark. Larvae of the elm flea beetle (Disonycha
triangularis Say) are very plentiful on elmtrees near by
and have severely injured the foliage.—Awug. 12. A small, yellow-

ish leaf hopper (? jassid) is abundant on beans and has apparently
caused considerable yellowing of the foliage. Yellow-necked ap-

pletree worm (Datana ministra Drury) is present in

small numbers, and the same is also true of the fall webworm.

The brown and black woolly bears (Pyrrharetia isabella

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 183

Abb. & Sm.) were unusually numerous in a timothy field-—Awdg.
12. Plant lice are numerous on beans, and on sunflowers there
is a similar species. Codling moth larvae (Carpocapsa
pomonella Schifi.) have begun operations, and wormy apples
are not uncommon. Plant lice continue abundant on pigweed.—
Aug. 19. Horn flies (Haematobia serrata Rob.-Desv.)
and horseflies have been very troublesome for the past two weeks.
A few caterpillars of Apatela americana Harr. were
observed on soft maple today. Fall webworms (Hyphantria
textor Harr.) are apparently more abundant than last year,
occurring in some numbers on appletrees. Hornet nests are more
numerous than usual.—Aug. 25. Butternut trees are very badly
eaten in some places by Datana integerrima Gr. & Rob.
Fall webworms continue to be unusually abundant.—NSep. 1.
Plant lice (Chaitophorus negundinis Thos. ) still con-
tinues abundant on box-elder. Apples are comparatively scarce
this year and appear to be wormier than ever. A few webworm
nests were observed on lilac and alder today.—wNSep. 16. Pieris
larvae are injuring foliage of cultivated nasturtiums to a consid-
erable extent.—Oct. 1

Onondaga county [Mrs A. M. A. Jackson, Camillus |—First nest
of an appletree tent caterpillar (Mala cosoma amer icana
Fabr.) was observed Ap. 26, and the present indications are that
this insect will not be as abundant as usual. There is a report
that Hessian fly (Cecidomyiadestructor Say) is work-
ing in some fields. —Ap. 28. The blue or meat fly is quite abundant
about houses. Cabbage butterflies (Pieris rapae Linn.) are
about, though not numerous. Spotted lady beetles occur on many
weeds and plants, and though abundant do not appear to be
destructive. Tent caterpillars are not numerous and are causing
very little injury. Cold, inclement weather has kept caterpillars
and other insects in check. Examination of one wheat field
showed no Hessian fly, and growers state that thus far none has
been met’ with.—J/ay 6. Cankerworms appeared May 12 and
are quite abundant and destructive. The bud moth (T met o-
cera ocellana Schiff.) is at work on appletrees, though

184 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

not causing very much injury. The forest tent caterpillar
(Malacosoma? disstria -Hibn.) has appeared in very .
small numbers on chokecherry trees. The weather is dry and warm
and consequently favorable to the development of insect life. Many
clover leaves have small, round holes eaten in them, possibly the
work of the clover leaf weevil (Phytonomus punctatus
Fabr.) —May 13. Cankerworms are developing rapidly and have
caused a great deal of injury. Ants of several species are quite
abundant.—i/ay 20. Red admiral butterflies (Vanessa ata-
lanta Linn.) have appeared but are not as abundant as
usual. The appletree tent caterpillar is quite scarce, only five
webs or nests being observed in a 5 mile drive. Cankerworms are
abundant, and while many trees have been injured to a consider-
able extent, none have been entirely defoliated. Potato beetles
(Doryphora 10-lineata Say) have appeared and depos-
ited some eggs. Cold weather is keeping insects in control.
Green plant lice are somewhat abundant on rosebushes. Cur-
rant worms (Pteronus ribesii Scop.) are present in
small numbers, though not causing much damage. Ked admiral
butterflies continue scarce and others are not so numerous as
usual. Potato beetles and their eggs are very abundant
on early potatoes. A white frost occurred May 31 and
June 1, but did not seriously affect insects.—/June 1. Plum
curculios (Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst.) have
stung much fruit and considerable is dropping. Cankerworms
have about all disappeared and have not caused as much injury
as in former years. Many farmers think that tent caterpillars
hatched during the warm days of March and were killed by the
cold weather which followed, or else perished from lack of food. .
This hardly seems probable, as instances have been recorded where
eggs of this species hatched in the fall and the caterpillars suc-
cessfully survived the winter in the latitude of Missouri J wne 10.
There are but few cocoons of the tent caterpillars, and this
appears to be due in part to the continuous wet weather of 1902,
when the caterpillars ate but little, were not healthy and ap-
peared to be only partly grown at the time they spun up. A very

7

@)

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 18!

SI

Brew Hessian flies are to be found in the “ flaxseed ” stage, though
‘no complaints of their work have been received. A leaf miner,
probably Pegomyia vicina Lintn., is very abundant in a
large field of beets. Spittle insects are quite common in certain
fields of grass.. Potato beetle eggs are hatching, but the grubs do
“not appear to be as numerous as the old ones and are
causing comparatively little damage. Black flea _ beetles
(Crepidodera cucumeris Harr.) have caused some in-
jury to both tomato and potato vines. Striped cucumber beetles
=D iabrotica vittata Fabr.) are present on pumpkin
‘vines but are not causing much injury. No squash bugs
( Anasa tristis DeGeer) have been observed this year,
though they are usually very abundant and destructive in this
section. Rose beetles (Macrodactylus subspinosus
Fabr.) are quite destructive to rose bushes, though late in appear-
ing, and leaf hoppers have also caused some injury to rose bushes.
Peas are more free from weevils (Bruchus pisorum Linn.)
than usual, but the vines are being eaten by a green worm similar
to the cabbage worm. House flies are not as abundant as
usual.— June 29

Orange county [J. M. Dolph, Port Jervis|—A few mourning
cloaks (Kuvanessa antiopa Linn.) and some Colias butter-
flies have appeared. Many small bees are frequenting plum
blossoms.—April 23. Plant lice (Aphis mali Fabr. and
Myzus cerasi Fabr.) are very numerous, specially on apple
and cherry trees and rose bushes. Tomato plants are also affected
by a species of plantlouse which may be Rhopalosiphum
solani Thos. In general there are fewer insects than usual,
due probably to the exceedingly dry weather.—June 2. Potato
beetles (Doryphora 10-lineata Say) have made their
appearance in considerable numbers, the first abroad on May 20,
and the first larvae being observed June 9. Hundreds of lady-
beetles were found on a crimson rambler rose, three or four on a
leaf. We have never seen them in such great numbers before.
This bush had been badly infested by plant lice, and the lady
beetles were undoubtedly attracted by their prey, The currant

186 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

worm (Pteronus ribesii Scop.) has caused some injury
though it has not been abundant as in former years. The spiny
elm caterpillars (HKuvanessa antiopa linn.) have stripped
the leaves from a number of North Caroiina poplars planted for
shade tree purposes.—June 17. Striped cucumber beetles (Dia -
brotica vittata Fabr.) have appeared in °considerable
numbers. Pear and cherry slug (Eriocampoides lima-
cina Retz.) is inflicting much injury on the foliage of peartrees.
Rose beetles(Macrodactylus subspinosus Fabr.) have
been specially numerous and abundant this year. The foliage of
very few bushes has escaped being eaten or seriously disfigured.
June 30 .

Rockland county [S. B. Huested, Blauvelt]|—Appletree tent
caterpillars (Malacosoma americana Fabr.) appeared
as usual but have not done as much injury as in former years.
No potato beetles have appeared, while plant lice (Myzus
cerasi Fabr. and M. ribis Fabr.) are unusually abundant
on cherry and currant bushes. Cutworms are reported rather
plenty and cedar birds have been unusually numerous on cherry-
trees, probably being more noticeable on account of the scarcity
of fruit—June 7

St Lawrence county [C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg|—June bugs and
grubs were abundant May 1. 904 of the birch trees in this ‘sec-
tion are affected by a borer, possibly the bronze birch borer
(Agrilus anxius Lec.), and an equal proportion of poplar
trees are also injured. These latter may possibly be affected by
a buprestid, though it is not improbable that considerable dam-

age is caused by the poplar borer (Saperda calcarata
| Say). The gouty gall beetle (Oberea bimaculata Oliv.)
is causing considerable injury in blackberry patches. Appletree
borers (Saperda candida Fabr.) are abundant and infest
many appletrees. Woodpeckers are at work on infested trees,
and have undoubtedly destroyed many grubs.—iI/ay 16. Mourn-
ing cloak butterflies (H#uvanessa antiopa linn.) were
first observed May 18, and cabbage butterflies (Pieris rapae
Linn.) on the 22d. Currant worms (Pteronus ribesiji

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 187

_ Scop.) put in appearance May 18, and the same is true of the
appletree aphis (Aphis mali Fabr.)—May 22. Eggs of the
_ potato beetle (Dory phora 10-lineata Say) were observed
May 21, and shad flies or May flies, the 22d. Mosquitos were
_ abundant on the 25th. Generally speaking, no insects are spe-
_ cially injurious.—May 28. Cucumber beetles (Diabrotica
_vittata Fabr.) were very numerous June 4; same was true
: on the 10th of strawberry weevil(? Anthonomus signatus
Say) and potato beetles. White grubs are abundant and totally
destroying oats.—June 11. Cabbage worms appeared on the 20th,
and onion maggots (Phorbia ceparum Meigen) were at
work the 22d. This latter insect has destroyed one fourth of
_ the onion crop. Cabbages have likewise suffered from the maggot
(Phorbia brassicae Bouché). Rose slugs were observed
at work on the 23d.—June 25. A second brood of currant worms
appeared July 1. Cabbage worms, cucumber beetles, plant lice
and onion maggots are very numerous and destructive. The wet
weather continues, accompanied by an increase of leaf-eating
insects. The foliage of appletrees, plumtrees, maples and elms
are all attacked by plant lice. Some apples are dropping and
show no sign of injury except at the end of the stem, probably the
work of the codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonella
Schiff.) —July -9. Crane flies and dragon flies were numerous
July 10, and a single specimen of the tomato worm (Phlege-
thontius 5-maculatus Haw.) was observed on the 15th.
Cabbage worms, potato beetles and plant lice continue abundant
and destructive. Mosquitos are abundant and rains continue.
Striped cucumber beetles and plant lice are attacking vines, egg
plants and wild tansy.— July 16. White marked tussock moths
(Notolophus leucostigma Abb. & Sm.) were observed
July 20, and dragon flies on the 15th. Potato beetles are abund-
ant and plant lice very numerous, mosquitos are rare. Cool and
wet weather has interfered with the successful application and
efficiency of insecticides, and as a consequence caterpillars are
abundant. Apples are dropping from -the tree, and only about
one quarter of the crop will be saved. Most of the trouble is

188 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

probably caused by the codling moth larvae—/uly 30. Fall web-
worms (Hyphantria textor Harr.) appeared July 15 on
plum, apple and elm trees, and a species of sawfly on asters.—
Aug. 8. Potato beetles continue numerous and destructive. Cool,
wet weather has not affected the leaf-eating caterpillars or plant
lice, both of which continue abundant.—Awg. 1)

Saratoga county [C. W. Ferris, Schuyler |—Appletree tent cater-
pillars (Malacosma americana Fabr.) are present in
some numbers and were not injured by a frost, the mercury drop-
ping to 24 F. on May 2.—May 5. Cherry aphis (Myzus qerasi
Fabr.) are abundant on sweet cherries, and a green plant louse
is affecting Bosc peartrees very seriously.—July 15

Schenectady county [Paul Roach, Quaker Street, Schenectady
co.]|—Appletree tent caterpillars (Malacosoma ameri-
cana Fabr.) are just hatching on trees in warm situations.
Their numbers are small, and but few egg clusters have been
observed.—May 1

Schuyler county [Mrs Harriet 8. Updyke, Logan ]—Appletree
tent caterpillars (Malacosoma americana Fabr.) ap-
peared for the first time May 8. They have not caused as much
damage as usual.—May 20

Ulster county [George S. Clark, Milton]—Appletree tent cater-
pillars (Malacosoma. americana Fabr.) have been at
work for two weeks and were not affected by the frost of April
12, even though they were not protected by a web—Ap. 23.
Tent caterpillar nests are present in large numbers except
in localities where they were carefully destroyed the pre-
ceding year.—Ap. 30. ‘Tent caterpillars continue to in-
crease in size, and their nests are becoming more con-
spicuous. Aphis (Myzus cerasi Fabr.) are begin-
ning to appear on cherrytrees. Currant worms (Pteronus
ribesii Scop.) are abundant on bushes that were not sprayed
last year, and a few occur on those that were treated—May 14.
There has been no increase in appletree tent caterpillars, and
currant worms are few, specially on bushes that were sprayed last
year. Plant iice (Myzus cerasi Fabr.) are increasing on

3

7

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 189

cherrytrees, and it is now too late to reach them because the
leaves are so badly curled. Some plant lice (Aphis mali
Fabr.) have developed on appletrees. The black flea beetle
(Crepidodera cucumeris Harr.) is working on potato,

tomato vines and eggplants. Some caterpillars, probably those

it die

bi de |

of the gartered plume moth (Oxyptilus periscelidac-

tylus Fitch) are not doing much damage.—May 21. Tent cater-

pillars are beginning to crawl, evidently preparatory to pupation,

and are not more than one quarter as abundant as last year.

Plant lice are numerous on cherrytrees, specially young ones. The
red spider (Tetranychus telarius Linn.) is abundant
on roses.—May 28. A few potato bugs have just appeared, and
plant lice are more abundant ‘on cherrytrees than usual. Tent

caterpillars do not appear to be as energetic as usual, possibly

they were weakened by the early frost. Elm leaf beetles

(Galerucella Iuteola Mill.) are very scarce, not a sign

of one could be found on a large tree which had its foliage entirely

the same time. The former are very

destroyed two years ago.—June 4. Heavy rains have washed
many of the aphids from the trees. Many plant lice continue on

-Yrosebushes that have not been sprayed.—June 12. The recent

continued rains have prevented much damage from insect pests.

“Squash bugs (Anasa tristis DeGeer) are abundant enough

to destroy the vines unless controlled. Some pear psylla
(Psylla pyricola Forst.) has appeared on the trees in
various pear orchards in this vicinity—June 18. Pear psylla is
injuring many trees and causing much of the fruit to drop. Plant
lice are abundant on both young pear and apple trees.—July 2
Warren county [C. L. Williams, Glens Falls]—May beetles ap-
peared in large numbers May 9. The asparagus beetle (C rio-
ceris asparagi Linn.) was observed in considerable num-
bers May 16. It has become distributed over a tract at least 8
miles long and is abundant.—May 25. Rose beetles (Macro-

dactylus subspinosus Fabr.) appeared about June 22,

and the depredations of a gray cutworm attracted attention about
abundant and feed on

ry

-all kinds of vegetation. The zebra caterpillar (Mamestra

190 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

picta Harr.) was found at work on strawberry plants.—June 9.

June beetles are exceedingly abundant; more so than we have
known for years.—/uly 3. The stalk borer (Papaipema
nitela Guen.) is at work in small numbers on various plants,
and we have succeeded in detecting a parasite on the same, which
proves to be a tachinid.

Wayne county [C. H. Stuart, Newark]—The first aphitls were
observed on roses May 5, and comparatively few plants were
infested. No tent caterpillars or cankerworms have been ob-

served, and the spotted asparagus beetle (Criocefis 12-

punctata Linn.) has disappeared, though the common species
(C. asparagi Linn.) is present in force. House flies are
scarce and occur only on the sunny side of buildings——May 19.
Plant lice began to appear the latter part of May, and have been
more abundant than we have ever known them to be before.

They oblige us to keep a gang of 15 or 20 men and boys at work ©

continuously in the nursery with a whale oil soap solution to
keep them in check. Larvae of lady beetles are more than usually
abundant and are undoubtedly doing good service. On our
lawn the only trees or plants that have escaped plant lice are
poppies and evergreens; everything else is literally covered with
them, or at least was so a week ago. Now the lady beetles are
beginning to get the upper hand of the pests.—July 2
Westchester county [F. R. Calkins, Ossining|—EIm leaf beetles
(Galerucella luteola Miill.) appeared May 3 and have
been increasing rapidly but have caused no serious damage.—
May 4. Bumble flower beetles (Huphoria inda _ Fabr.)
were flying about in considerable numbers. Hundreds of them
were observed, though there was no evidence of material injury.
Grasshoppers were first seen May 6 and have become very numer-
ous. Striped cucumber beetles (Diabrotica vittata
Fabr.) appeared in large numbers on the 8th. The first Colorado
potato beetles (Doryphora 10-lineata Say) were ob-
served on the 15th. Appletree tent caterpillars (Malacosoma
americana Fabr.) are causing a great deal of injury in this
section, and species of plant lice are curling the leaves of various
shrubs in this vicinity—May 18. The majority of elms in this

~

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 191

section are in very bad condition owing to the work of the elm
leaf beetle. Striped cucumber beetles continue very numerous,
and potato beetles have appeared in the past week in increasing
numbers. It looks as though the appletree tent caterpillars had
been destroyed by some climatic condition; possibly the severe
rains in May and June. Since we had 31 days of rain with hardly
a ray of sunshine, the webs are empty and there are no signs of
cocoons. Mosquitos are somewhat scarce. The work of the pear
midge (Diplosis pyrivora Riley) is very evident, and
cherry berers (probably the fruit tree bark beetles Scolytus
rugulosus Ratz.), have ruined some trees.—July 15
Westchester county [Mrs Edwin H. Mairs, Irvington-on-Hudson |]
—White marked tussock moth caterpillars (Notolophus
leucostigma Abb. & Sm.) are injuring the foliage of a fine
purple beech, which is also suffering severely from plant lice,
probably the woolly beech aphis (easy liaise Linn.).
Mapletrees have dropped many leaves, probably because of plant
lice injury. Very likely this is the work of Chaitophorus
aceris Thos—June 29. A curious worm (Seirodonta
bilineata Pack.) was found feeding on foliage of purple beech.
Mosquitos are more abundant than ever. Elm leaf beetle larvae
(Galerucella luteola Mill.) are crawling along the
trunks of infested trees, the foliage of which is turning brown.
American, English, weeping and slippery elms are all attacked.
Maple and beech trees are still suffering from plant lice injury.
Some red bugs are present on the infested trees.—J uly 12
Wyoming county [W. H. Roeper, Wyoming|—Appletree tent
caterpillars (Malacosoma americana Fabr.) were first
observed May 2. They are present in small numbers, and some
think this is due to the excessively cold weather.—May 9. Insects
of various kinds are much scarcer than usual—May 18. Tent
caterpillars are not causing much injury though canker-
worms are working to some extent. ~The weather continues
very cold at night, and it is exceedingly dry—May 25. Cod-
ling moth larvae (Carpocapsa pomonella Schiff.) are
unusually abundant in this locality, and apple aphis (Aphis
mali Fabr.) is very numerous and rolling the leaves to a con-

192 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

siderable extent. The injury is so severe that it would not be sur-
prising if -a considerable proportion of the foliage dropped.
Potato beetles (Doryphora 10-lineata Say) are present
in large numbers. Plant lice are also working on forest trees in
about the same way as on fruit trees. The weather continues very
dry and appears to be favorable to plant lice. The apple crop
will be only about one quarter its normal size, and pears are
almost a failure. Plant lice continue to be the most destructive
form in this section, and the injury is so severe that some trees
have half their leaves badly curled by the pests. A good, rain has
benefited crops very much.—/une 15. Maple foliage is dropping
to a considerable extent, probably as a result of injury by plant
lice (Drepanosiphum acerifolii Thos.)—July 3

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST

The following is a list of the principal publications of the ento-
mologist during the year 1903. 70 are given with the title, place,
time of publication and a summary of the contents of each.
Volume and page number are separated by a colon, the first su-
perior figure tells the column, and the second the exact place in
the column in ninths; e.g. 67:9741° means volume 67, page 974,
column 1, beginning in the sixth ninth, i.e. about two thirds of
the way down.

Turnips. Country Gentleman, Noy. 27, 1902, 67 :97416

The work of the cabbage root maggot, Phorbia brassicae Bouché,
in turnips is identified and remedial measures discussed.

Iixperimental Work in New York State against the San José Scale

[Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst.] U. S. Dep't Agrie.

‘Div. Ent. Bul. 87, ns. 1902. p.85-36 ?
Discussion of results obtained with 20% mechanical crude petroleum emul-

sion and whale oil soap.

Notes for the Year in New York. U.S. Dep’t Agric. Diy. Ent. Bul.
37, n.s. 1902. p.102-3

Brief records of injury by grapevine root worm, Fidia -viticida
Walsh; grapevine leaf hopper, Typhloecyba comes yar. yitis Harr.;

ITitles are given as published, and in some instances they have been
changed or supplied by the editors of the various papers.

:
;
:
;
.

gee See

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 193

appletree tent caterpillar, Clisiocampa [Malacosoma] ameri-
cana Fabr.; forest tent caterpillar, Clisiocampa [Malacosoma]
disstria Hiibn. and fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury
[textor Harr.].

Observations on Certain Insects Attacking Pine Trees. U.S. Dep’t

Agric. Div. Ent. Bul. 37, n.s. 1902. p.103-4

Records of injuries by Tomicus calligraphus Germ. T. pini Say
and alsoof Monohammus confusor Kirby and Dendroctonus
terebrans Oliv. .

Potato Wireworms. Country Gentleman, Dec. 4, 1902, 57 :992!
General remedial measures for wireworms are briefly discussed.

Crude Petroleum as an Insecticide. Soc. Promotion Agric. Sci.
Proc. 23d An. Meeting 1902, p.86-95; separate p.1-10 received
Dec. 24, 1902

A review of experiments with crude petroleum and summary of results in
controlling San José scale, ASpidiotus perniciosus Comst.

Maggots in Mushrooms. Country Gentleman, Jan. 1, 1903, 68 :6%

Brief account of species injuring mushrooms and remedies therefor,
Phora agarici Lint. and species of Sciara being mentioned in par-
ticular.

Entomology. U. 8. N. Y. Handbook 16, revised Dec. 1902, p.1-12, —
issued Jan. 3, 1903

Contents

PAGE PAGD
Wve HANLON cts 2 Fe eras ot socio So ore oh tol UCCLUPES sie be ce sie ation cee eee 7
Systematic entomology........ foie del Voluntary, OPSCLVELS. | 2 3.2 «52 a
Economic entomology........... Dial SED CAMmOnsnes: ese Bae lect eta cS
History of the division......... So MATEATIONAS WORK. ic. 2. ae tees 9
ITM ESS ARIOUSs © = st pb etave cia aoe ee 4 | List of entomologic publications. 10
COMP CHOUS Act. See pada ae ee 5

Grapevine Root Worm [Fidia viticida Walsh]. N.Y. State
Mus. Bul. 59. 1902. p.49-84, 1 col.pl. 4 halftones

Issued Jan. 5, 1903. Republished in great part in issues of Grape Belt
[Dunkirk N. Y.] for Jan. 9, 13, 20, 27, Feb. 3, 10.

Contents

PAGE | PAGB

ROR ACRT pedals cia seo anlsre oo art aac ohe AO Me MVES CIPO: ss se, sista o's bso Pers 3 «lays 58
ATU OMG pO ans arm ake cectak oer i-'o. de | MITE A STOLN 22a 25, e's pb aie dr cle es 60
ATCA AUTESTOG sche >, acest 6 shee) oe 51 Habits of the beetle.......... 61
Signs of insect’s presence..... 52 See eps tetas cloveishgs sets. ble 63
A-DAtTIVe SPECIES: 26.225 oss DO Habits of the larvae.......... 66
SUBS raed Newari Pace ni tehes ons 54 Led IlipL RE Cher ter ey RA caPr ane 68
Present conditions in Ohio.... 54 GAR LANES os. 2 crise ude ate ote 68
AE vie CI SLOLY: oi 5 aero eto teyelo ea Of Ni INAtHUAL CNEMICS; 55.600! a> ave cle 69

194 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

PAGE PAGE
Remedial measures............. 69 | Remedial measures (continued)

Destroying the pupae......... 70 Crude petroleum... 2 oeeee 77
Collecting beetles....... seco 71 Calcium carbid-0.- s: seers 17
JNTSSMCRN | QOUSOINS 5 Ga bGooHooo 73 Recommendations .-.........- 78
Pulverizing the soil and levi OREN OI —ooanvcsascacsncons 78
NOWICKI 5 oo becooe500 da cue 16 | Explanation of plates... 2022.) 81
Carhon= Dicuss peer CGM Plates AEG). Sten. eee eae face 81
Kerosene emulsion............ Tb | Index: ai eee

Cucumber Beetle. Country Gentleman, Jan. 15, 1903, 68 :4374

Remedial measures for the striped cucumber beetle, Diabrotieca

vittata Fabr. (

Insecticides and Notes. Country Gentleman, Jan. 15, 1903, 68 :47°

Summary of results obtained with insecticides against ‘San José scale,
Aspidiotus perniciosuSs Comst., and notes on the Chinese ladybug,
Chilocorus similis Rossi, and the grapevine root worm, Fidia
viticida Walsh.

Beware the Pea Weevil. Country Gentleman, Jan. 22, 1903, 68 :63%
Injuries by Bruchus pisorum Linn. in Canada and means of con-

trolling.
Legislation against Pests. Country Gentleman, Jan. 29, 1903,
68 :8975

General discussion of the efficacy of nursery inspection work with com-
ments on present conditions.

The San José Scale. Country Gentleman, Feb. 19, 1903, 68 :1584

Comparative value of crude petroleum emulsion, lime, salt and sulfur
mixture and whale oil soap for Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst.

Beneficial Insects. Country Gentleman, Mar. 5, 1903, 68 :206°°
General observations on the establishment of Seutellista cyanea

Motsch, Novius cardinalis Mask. and Chilocorus similis

Rossi in the United States.

Scale Insects. Worcester [Mass.] Evening Gazette, Mar. 12,
1908, p.1

Summary notice of scale insects with special reference to remedies for the
San José scale, ASpidiotus perniciosus Comst.

Arsenate of Lead. Country Gentleman, Mar. 19, 1903, 68 :252"
Formula and method of preparation.

Looper Caterpillar. Country Gentleman, Mar. 19, 1903, 68 :25228
Description too brief to permit identification of the geometrid.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 195

Grapevine Root Worm. Country Gentleman, Mar. 19, 1903,
68 :25534
Corrects reported error and gives estimates of damage by Fidia viti-
cida Walsh.
Recent Work with Insecticides in the East. Col. State Bd Hort.
Rep’t 1902. 1903. p.121-27
Brief discussion of the value of arsenate of lead, crude petroleum, the
lime, salt and sulfur mixture and whale oil soap as insecticides.
Fleas. Country Gentleman, Mar. 26, 1903, 68 :27616
Brief account of life history with various repressive measures.

Appletree Bark Louse. Country Gentleman, Mar. 26, 1903, 68 :27674
Remedial measures for Mytilaspis pomorum Bouché [Lepi do-
saphes ulmi Linn.].

Insecticides and Fungicides. U.S. N. Y. Handbook 18, p.16

More important formulas recommended with general directions for use.

Pea Weevil. Country Gentleman, Ap. 2, 1908, 68 :29374
Discussion of rise in temperature in peas infested with Bruchus
pisorum Linn. and methods of controlling the pest.

San José Scale. Country Gentleman, Ap. 2, 1903, 68 :30012
No danger of ASpidiotus perniciosus Comst. spreading from

infested wood cut in early spring.

Elm Leaf Beetle. Schenectady Daily Union, Ap. 38, 1903, p.7
Nearly the same in Evening Star [Schenectady] Ap. 3, p.12.

Extracts from Museum Bulletin 57 on Galerucella luteola
Mull, with special reference to local conditions.

Shade Tree Ratings. Street forestry report on the selection,
planting, cultivation and care of street. shade trees by Fred-
eric Shonnard, Dep’t Public Works, Yonkers, 1903
Ratings of comparative immunity from insect enemies of various shade

’ trees.

Dust and Other Sprays. Country Gentleman, Ap. 16, 1903,
68 :350?8

Brief discussion of various insecticides with special reference to scale
‘insects and dry or dust sprays.
Advice about Spraying. Country Gentleman, Ap. 30, 19083,
68 :392?3

General directions for spraying with references to convenient literature.

196 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Arsenate of Lead. Country Gentleman, May 7, 1903, 68 :410°
Its preparation from arsenic, soda and sugar of lead not advisable.

Directions are given for making it. ;

Literature of American Economic Entomology. Am. Ass’n Keo.
Int. 15th An. Meeting, Presidential address, Washington D. C.
Dec. 26, 1902. U.S. Dep’t Agric. Div. Ent. Bul. 40, n.s. 1903.
p.(-22
Also published separately.

After a general review with a few statistics regarding the amount of lit-
erature relating to some of the more notorious insects, the following topics
were discussed: Newspaper and Minor Articles; Reports; Bulletins; Jour-
nals; General Works and Indexes.

Work and Observations in 1902. N. Y. State Fruit Growers
Ass’n Rep’t 1903, p.92-94. Rec’d May 15 |
Results obtained with crude petroleum, whale oil soap and lime, salt and

sulfur against San José scale, ASpidiotus perniciosus Comst.

Notes on the establishment of Chilocorus similis Rossi and work

of grapevine root worm, Fidia yiticida Walsh.

Elm Leaf Beetle Ravages. Argus [Albany] May 16, 1903; New
York Times, May 17; Rensselaer County Standard [Hoosick
Falls] May 22, 1908, p.4
Summary of injuries by Galerucella luteola Mill. in Hudson

river valley.

New York Entomologic Service. Country Gentleman, May 21,
1903, 68 4513
Summary of reports from voluntary observers.

Diseases and Pests. N.Y. State Lib. Bul. 80. Review of Legis-
lation 1902, p.837-38
Summary of recent laws relating to plant diseases and insect enemies.

Importance of Injurious Insects Introduced from Abroad. Soc.
Promotion Agric. Sci. Proc. 24th An. Meeting 1903, p.39-48;
separate, p.1-10 |
Summarized account of injuries with classified lists of introduced species

and notes on the relative importance of various species.

New York Entomologic Service. Country Gentleman, May 28,
1903, 68 :4713 . |

Summaries of reports from voluntary observers.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 197

-
18th Report of the State Entomologist on Injurious and Other In-
sects of the State of New York 1902. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 64.

4

~ 1903. p.89-193, 1 lith. 5 halftones

Issued June 2.

J ; Contents

; : PAGE PAGH

NEC OCUECHOM ces 0.0..2. 25 se ws ee 89 | Injurious insects, etc. (continued)

; General entomologic features. 89 Species of primary economic

m Office work.................. 90 TTT NO MNES ao cicooob abo oO OC 120

| Special investigations........ 91 Species which may become

MIT CATIONG soci s.e soe s-s sos eg 91 very destructive........... 122

® Collections of insects...:.... 92 Othersspecies.5 i. += 2) yas ea 122

j Mew ISGUATECTS ss cis. co whe 3 | Experimental work against San

» Voluntary observers......... 93 José seale insect........... 126

- Acknowledgments ........... 33 Hallerapplicamons= --s 2 4s eee 126

Injurious insects ; Spring applications.......... 131
Huproectis chrysor- SHWUTHITEN A veice Sige ee Stokes ono 143

rhoea, brown tail moth.. 94 | Voluntary entomologic service.. 144
Psila rosae, carrot rust Summaries of reports........ 144
TOI) 3 neta se are QUE a Haninalle Siidiesree si eee ee 153

eNotes for the year............. 103 Coleoptera taken at Newport,

Berit: tree pests... 4.<.7-.... 104 Eerisimernieos eNaVeceee see el oe
Small tewit-ansSeces. . 2.2% 2. 2. 105 | List of publications of the ento-
Grass and grain insects...... 106 MTOLOSIS (Harsco aera oe eae alle 161
Shade tree insects........... 108 | Contributions to collection..... 170
HORES tet SCCISa. 5s saicieis os tose 110 | Explanation of plates......... 178
Household insects........... 1 ISS lead 22 ba Ses) set Eek ears ice ees ee er a eae face 179
Beneficial insects............ a bal? Bal Sd Gio Kobe Ape er acta Pee eneg an ode Pea A 181

Injurious insects from abroad.. 116

New York Entomologic Service. Country Gentleman, June 4,
1903, 68 :498"4
Summary of reports from voluntary observers.

Remedies for Grapevine Root Worms. Grape Belt, June 16,
1903, p.2
Brief statement of remedial measures for Fidia viticida Walsh.

New York Entomologic Service. Country Gentleman, June 18,
1903, 68 :530°8
Summary of reports from voluntary observers.

Hints to Fruit Growers and Truckers. Am.. Agric. June 20, 1903,
71 :64874
Briefly discusses the grapevine root worm, Fidia viticida Walsh,

injuries in Chautauqua grape belt and remedies for same, and also the ;
_plum curculio, asparagus beetles, and insect enemies of squash,

198 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

New York Entomologic Service. Country Gentleman, June 25,
1903, 68 :551¥ i

Summary of reports from voluntary observers.

Destroying Flies. Country Gentleman, June 25, 1903, 68 :56174

Destructive and preventive measures for the house fly, Musca do-
mestica Linn.

Grapevine Root Worm. Grape Belt, June 26, 1903, p.1, 6

Beetles attack best vineyards, no decided migration, figures on efficacy of
destroying pupae and remarks on value of beetle catchers and arsenical
poisons for Fidia viticida Walsh.

Mosquitos. N. Y. State Mus. folder. © 8p.

Issued June 29, 1908.
Brief description with discussion of habits, life history, genera and
species, methods of controlling and collecting.

Grapevine Root Worm. Grape Belt, June 30, 1903, p.4

Results of breeding from entire vines and efficiency of beetle catchers for
Fidia viticida Walsh.

f

New York Entomologic Service. Country Gentleman, July 2, 1903,
68 :578°° :

Summary of reports from voluntary observers.

Plant Lice. Country Gentleman, July 9, 1903, 68 :5907"
Remedial measures for plant lice on fruit trees.

Killing Ants. Country Gentleman, July 9, 1903, 68 :590°"
Method of destroying ants in nests.

Rose Beetles. Country Gentleman, July 9, 1903, 68 :590%4

Methods of destroying the beetles, Macrodactylus subspinosus
_ Fabr.
- New York Entomologic Service. Country Gentleman, July 9, 1903,
68 :590®

Summary of reports from voluntary observers.

About Maple Tree Borers. Rome Daily Sentinel, July 10, 19038

“Methods of controlling the sugar maple borer, Plagionotus
speciosus Say.

Plant Lice. Country Gentleman, July 16, 1903, 68 :6107"
Comments on unusual abundance of plant lice and remedies for the same.

New York Entomologic Service. Country Gentleman, July 16,
1903, 68 :610*

Summary of reports from voluntary observers,

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 199

Mosquitos. Sunday [Albany] Press, July 19, 1903, p.6

Reprint of portions of mosquito folder.

Spray for Potatoes. Country Gentleman, July 23, 1903, 68 :630"
Advises arsenate of lead for potato beetles and bordeaux mixture for

fungus.

New York Entomologic Service. Country Gentleman, July 23,
1903, 68 :630%

Summary of reports from voluntary observers.

Plant Lice. Country Gentleman, July 30, 1903, 68 :650*+
Remedies for the pests.

New York Hntomologic Service. Country Gentleman, July 30,
1903, 60 :650
Summary of reports from voluntary observers.

Forest Fires and Insect Attack. Am. Lumberman, Aug. 8, 1903,.
p-15
Preliminary report on investigations in burned areas in the Adirondacks.

Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera by Oskar Augustus J ohannsen.
Reprint from N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 68. 1905. p.328-441
Issued Aug. 11, 1903.

‘this paper includes a key to families of nematocerous diptera with
accounts of the net-winged midges (Blepharoceridae), black flies (Simu-
liidae) and mosquitos (Culicidae).

Tulip Tree Scale. Country Gentleman, Aug. 20, 1908, 68 :712”
Brief notice with remedies for Lecanium [Hulecaniuwm] tulip-

iferae Cook.

Summary of Root Worm Situation and Experiments. Grape Belt,
Sep. 4, 1903, p.1; Jamestown Journal, Sep. 4, 1903, p.1; Country
Gentleman, Sep. 24, 1903, 68 :8287/

Brief summary of observations and experimental work on Fidia viti-
cida Walsh in 19038.

Mosquitos on High Ground. Country Gentleman, Sep. 10, 1903,
68 :78124
Brief comments on the breeding habits and methods of controlling these

insects.

Aquatic Chrysomelidae and a Table of the Families of Coleopter-
ous Larvae by Alex. D. MacGillivray. Reprint from N. Y. State
Mus. Bul. 68. 1903. p.288-331
Issued Sep. 12, 1903.

This paper includes a key to families of coleopterous larvae and a mono-
graph of the subfamily Donaciinae, family Chrysomelidae.

200 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Aquatic Insects of New York State. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 68.
1908. p.199-517, 52 pl. (8 col.) by James G. Needham Ph.D.,
professor of biology, Lake Forest Univ.; A. D. MacGillivray
Ph.D., instructor in entomology, O. A. Johannsen M.S., instruc-
tor in civil engineering, both of Cornell Uniy.; and K. C. Davis
Ph.D., professor of horticulture, West Virginia Univ.

Issued Sep. 28, 1903.

Contents

PAGH PAGE

Prerace ss fctae caetea ae ein as Be 199 | Part 5 Aquatic Chrysomelidae

Part 1 Station Work of the and a Table of the Families

Summer of 1901. J. G. NEED- of Coleopterous Larvae. <A. D.
DARN ae ar cee aieaewn rae reeen rere tet OO) IMEC GaiiesTi ViR/AGYe" eee een enero eae 288

Part 2. Food of Brook Trout in Part 6 Aquatic Nematocerous
Bone Pond. J. G. NEEDHAM... 204 Diptera. O. A. JOHANNSEN... 328

Part 38 Life Histories of Odo- Part 7 Sialididae of North and
nata suborder Zygoptera. South America. JX. C. Davis. 442
Js Ce INTMADIEUAWs Goigu os adoooue 218 | Explanation of plates.......... 487
Part 4 Some New Life Histo- | Jtsie Cie WEE MEMES So ccoe noses 499
ries of Diptera. J. G. NEED- — Plates mea2e vryeyee eters face 499
EAWND © ap cheesy a aVio sues ey Geoeee a PS) ie Wao Key: Gata tera ees Orn B se. A.c, 20 0.028 501

Sialididae of North and South America by K. CG. Davis. Reprint
from N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 68. 1905. p.441-87
Issued Sep. 30, 1903.
A systematie and biologic account of this group.
Two Tree Pests. Country Gentleman, Oct. 1, 1903, 68 :852*°
Pear psyHWa, Psylla pyricola Forst. probably weakened the pear
trees at Hartley Hall Pa., so that they were attacked by the fruit tree bark
beetle, Scolytus rugulosus Ratz. Destruction of the infested trees
by fire is advisable. The maple is probably infested by Sesia acerni
Clem. Preventive measures are indicated.
Chinese Lady Bugs. Country Gentleman, Oct. 8, 1903, 68 :871'8
Records establishment and breeding of Chilocorus similis Rossi
at Kinderhook N. Y.

INSECT EXCHANGE

The state collection of insects contains large numbers of many
local, and in some cases somewhat rare forms. This, in connec-
tion with the fact that many species are not represented, and
specially in view of the economic importance of introduced insects,
led us to inaugurate a system of exchanges the past summer.

Those offered for exchange are, in every case, only such as can be

S

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 201

spared without detriment to the general collections, and in return
it has been our desire to obtain, so far as possible, species of
economic importance in other sections of this country or any other
countries, specially those which might develop into injurious pests.
AN preliminary exchange list was sent out in the early summer,
and the results have been very gratifying, since we have been
able by this means, to make a number of extremely valuable addi-
tions to the state collections. This is specially true in the case of
Coccidae, and was largely possible through the kindness of Prof.
V. L. Kellogg of Leland Stanford Jr University, who was able
to offer ns some extremely desirable Californian and Japanese
scale insects in exchange for some of our native forms. Another
very desirable exchange was arranged with Prof. F. H. Snow
of Kansas University, who sent valuable Diptera and some
cotypes, all determined by the noted authority in this group, Dr
S. W. Williston. The species, 418 in number, acquired in this
manner are listed below.

- SPECIES RECEIVED IN EXCHANGE

The source of various species listed below, is indicated by
superior figures following the author of the species, as follows:

1, from Prof. C. P. Gillette, Agricultural College, Fort Collins
Col.; 2, from Prof. V. L. Kellogg, Leland Stanford Jr University,
California; 5, from EX. M. Ehrhorn, Mountain View Cal.; 4. from
Prof. F. H. Snow, University of Kansas, Lawrence Kan.; 5, from
Prof. EK. A. Popenoe, state entomologist, Topeka Kan.; 6, from
Prof. H. Garman, Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington
Ky.; 7, from J. G. Sanders, 8, from Prof. Herbert Osborn, both of
the Ohio State University, Columbus O.

Hymenoptera
Bombus separatus Cress." B. bifarius Cress.
B. sylvicola Kirby' B. appositus Oress.1
B. putnami Cress.* Psithyrus insularis Ovess.
B. proximus Cress. Anthopora vallorum Cxll.t
B. nevadensis Cress." A. urbana Cress.*
B. morrisonii Cress." A. smithii Cress.
B. mixtus Cress.* A. occidentalis Ovress.'
B. juxtus Cress.* Synhalonia frater Cress.
B. flavifrons Cress.' Melissodes obliqua Say

202 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Diadasia australis Cress.*

D. diminuta Cress."

Megachile montivaga Cress.
M. fidelis Cress.*

Lithurgus apicalis Cress.’
Anthidium maculifrons Smith
A. interruptum Say'

Coelioxys gilensis Chill.
Augochlora coloradensis Titus*
Hpeolus robustus Cress.*

H. occidentalis Cress.*

Hylastes longus Lec.*
Scolytus 4-dentatus Say®
Pityogenes pondrosae Hopk.'*
Tomicus integer Hich.*
Calandra oryzae Linn.’
Baris strenua Lec.’
Thysanocnemis helvolus Lec.°
T. fraxini Lec.

Anthonomus squamosus Lec.*
Tachypterus 4-gibbus Say?
Lixus macer Lec.®
Rhynchites hirtus /abr.°
Wpicauta corvina Lec.°
Crymodes discicollis Lec.*

C. exiguus®

Bruchus fraterculus Horn’
B. discoideus Say?

B. 4-maculatus fabr.®

B. mimus Say
Spermophagus robiniae Sch.*
Chelymorpha phytophagica Cr.’
Cassida pallidula Boh.’

C. ellipsis Lec.°

Diabrotica lemniscata Lec.*
Monocesta coryli Say*

Lina lapponica Linn.’
Colaspis favosa Say*

Paria viridicyanea Cr.*
Myochrous denticollis Say’
Fidia longipes Melsh*
Exema conspersa Mann.*

i. dispar Lec

Saxinis omogera Lac.*

Babia 4-guttata Oliv.
Coscinoptera dominicana fabre
“CG. axillaris Lec.*

Tetraopes canescens Lee.

T. femoratus Lec.*

Dectes spinosus Say*

BH. coneavus Cress.*

HE. compactus Cress.*
Nomada ridingsii Cress.’
Vespa occidentalis Cress.*
Polybia flavitarsis Sauss.~
Odynerus taos Cress.*

O. foraminatus Sauwss.t
Crabro 6-maculatus Say*
Philanthus flayifrons Cress.
Hucerceris fulvipes Cress.*

Coleoptera

Plectrodera scalator fabr.
Doreaschema alternatum Say’
D. wildii Uhler?
Monohammus oregonensis Lec.'
Monilema annulatum Say?
Leptura chrysocoma Airby'
Typocerus sinuatus Newm.°
Neoclytus muricatulus /virby*
Cyllene decorus Oliv.*
Tragidion fulvipenne Say*
Rhopalophora longipes Say*
Hburia 4-geminata Say*®
Callidium janthinum Lec.*
Prionus imbricornis Linn.
HKuphoria kernii Hald?

HH. kernii var.®

HH. kernii black var’

E. areata Fabre

Dynastes tityus Linn.®
Strigoderma arboricola Fabr.
Polyphylla decemlineata Say!
Bolboceras faretus F'abr.°
Phanaeus palliatus’

Canthon praticola Lec.°
Hydnocera tabida Lec.*

H. subfasciata Lec.*

Clerus sphegeus F'abr.*

C. nigriventris Lec.*

C. ichneumoneus Fabr?

C. spinolae Lec.’

Acmaeodera pulchella Herbst.’
Psiloptera drummondi Lap. & Gory.
Gyascutus obliteratus Lec.
Limonius canus Lec."

Elater apicatus Say"
Crytohypnus pectoralis Say
Plegaderus nitidus Horn’
Hister instratus Lec.*
Orphilus niger Rossi*

.

Dermestes fasciatus Lec.*
Silvanus planatus Germ.t
Languria laeta Lec.*
Hyperaspis lateralis Muls.*
Brachyacantha dentipes I’abr.*
Hxochomus contristatus Muls.*
I. aethiops Bland.*

Coccinella abdominalis Say*
C. annectans Cr.*

C. monticola Muls.*

C. transversoguttata Pabr.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903

203

Hippodamia sinuata Muls.*
Olibrus vittatus Lec.*
Homalium humerosum Faw."
Homalota lividipennis Mann,
Dineutes assimilis Awbe.’
Nothopus zabroides Lec.*
Cymindis planipennis Lec.*
Lebia atriceps Lec.*
Anophthalmus horni Garman
Tetracha virginica Linn.®

Diptera

Cistogaster immaculata Macq.*
Gymnosoma fuliginosa Desv.*
Xanthomelana arcuata Say*
Hemyda aurata Desv.*
Hpigrimyia lucens J’own.*
Belvoisia bifasciata l’abr.*
B. unifasciata Desv.*
Ocyptera carolinae Desv.*

O. dosiades Walk.*
Linnaemyia comta Fall."
Blepharipeza adusta Loew.*
ilarella polita V’own.*
Gonia capitata DeG.*
Spallanzania hebes /all.*

S. hesperidatum Will.*
Tricophora ruficauda v.d. W.*
Peleteria robusta Wied.*
Archytas analis fabr.*

A. aterrima Desv.*

A. hystrix Wied.*

A. lateralis Macq.*

Hchinomyia algens Wied.*

H. decisa Walk.*

HH. hystricosa Will.*

Kpalpus bicolor Will.*

E. signifera Wdill.*
Bombyliomyia abrupta Wéied.*
Dejeania vexatrix O. S.4
Paradejeania rutilioides Jaen.*
Jurinella ambigua Macq.*
Syrphus arcutatus Fall?

S. umbellatarum Schiner *
Mesograpta marginata Say*
M. polita Say®

Rhingia nasica Say’
Heliophilus laetus Loew.*
Tropidia quadrata Say*
Spilomyia longicornis Loew.®
Curysops callidus O. S.*

C. plangens Wied.*

Tabanus rbhombicus O. S.*

LIST OF CULICIDAE FROM PROF. F. V. THEOBALD, ENGLAND

Myzomyia rossi Giles; India

Pyretophorus costalis Loew; West
Africa

Myzorhynchus barbirostris v. d.
Wulp.; Malay states

M. nigerrimus Giles; India

M. sinensis Wied.; Malay states

Nyssorhynchus fuliginosus Giles;
India

N. jamesii Z’heob.; India

N. maculata Jheob.; India

N. masteri Skuse; Australia

Cellia argyrotarsis Desv.;
Lucia

C. albipes Theob.; New Amsterdam

South

Janthinosoma lutzii 7'heob.;
Janeiro

J. musica Say; Rio and New Am-
sterdam :

210 de

Mucidus alternans Westw.; Aus-
tralia
Hretmapodites quinquevittata

Theob.; Uganda
Desvoidea obturbans Walk.; India
D. panalectros Giles; India
Stegomyia fasciata Fabr.
S. scutellaris Walk.; Malay states
Scutomyia (Stegomyia) notoscripta
Skuse; Australia and India
Theobaldia annulata Meig.; England

204 NEW YORK

T. incidens 7'homson; North America

T. spathipalpis Ronda; Madeira

Culex. alboannulatus Macq.; Aus-
tralia

C. annulioris Theob.; Transvaal

C. annulirostris Skuse; Australia
and New Guinea

C. canadensis T’heob.; Canada

C. cantans Meig.; Canada

C. concolor Desv.; India

C. confirmatus Arrib.;
Janeiro

\. eylindricus 7heob.; Australia

C. diversus T'heob. ; Hurope

©. fatigans Wied.

C. gelidus Theob.; Malay states

©. luteolateralis T’heob.; west and
central Africa

C. mimeticus Noé; India and Malay
states

C. occidentalis Skuse; Australia

C. ochraceus Z'heob.; central Africa

C. pulcriventer Giles; India

C. sylvestris T’heob.; Canada

C. taeniorhynehus Wied.; Rio de
Janeiro

C. tigripes Grandpré; Mauritus

C. viridiventer Giles; India

C. vittiger Skuse; Australia

Rio de

STATE

MUSEUM

Melaniconion atratus Theob.; Ja-
maica

Grabhamia pygmaeus T’heob.; West
Indies

G. vittata Theob.; New Mexico

Taeniorhynchus ~Theobd.;
Uganda

T. brevicellulus Theob.; Malay
states :

T. conopas Frau.; Malay states

T. fasciolatus Arrib.; British Guiana

T. fulvus Wied.; Para

Mansonia annulifera Theob.; India

M. annulipes Walk.; Malay states

M. titillans Walk.; British Guiana

M. uniformis 7heob.; Malay states
and Africa

Deinocerites cancer
Indies and Uganda

Uranotaenia socialis 7’heob.; West
Indies

Aedeomyia squammipenna » Arrib. ;
Malay states

Phoniomyia longirostris
Trinidad

Sabethes remipes Wied.; Brazil

Limatus durhamii Z'heob.; para

Trichoprosopon (Joblotia) nivipes
Theob.; Trinidad

aurifer

Theob.; West

Theov. ;

Lepidoptera

Anaea andria Seud.*
Ceratomia catalpae Bdv.®
Hubaphe rubicundaria Hibns
Arachnis picta, Pack.
Apantesis incorrupta Hy. Hdiw.
Parasemia plantaginis Linn
Laphygma frugiperda Sm. & Abb.°
Oncocnemis augustus Harv.
Heliothis armiger Hiibn.®
Autographa brassicae Riley*®
Syneda howlandii Grote’
Homoptera rubi Hy. Hdws

Nycteola proteella Dyar'
Hydriomena sp.*

Triprocris smithsonianus Clem. -
Loxostege sticticalis Linn."

L. commixtalis Walk.t

L. coloradensis Gr. Rob."
Cornifrons simalis Grote
Crambus teterrellus Zinck.*
Thaumatopsis repanda Grote!
Hulstea undulatella Clem.
Homoeosoma electellum Huwlst."
Hthmia discostrigella Chamb.'

Neuroptera

Raphidia oblita Hag.*
Chrysopa externa Hag."

Brachynemurus nigrilabris Hag."
Platyphylax designata Walk.*

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903

205

Hemiptera

Homaloporus congruus UAl.t
Perillus claudus Say"
Apateticus marginiventris Stal.*
Cosmopepla conspicillaris Dallas'
Carpocoris lynx F'abr.t
Thyanta custator fabr.

T. rugulosa Say*

Archimerus calearator Fabr.*
Catorhintha guttula I’abr.*
Ficana apicalis Dallas’
Alydus quinquespinosus Say'
A. pluto Uhl.*

Darmistus subvittatus Stfal.*
Scolopocerus secundarius Uhl
Nysius minutus UAl.t

Orsillus scolopax Say"
Ischnodemus falicus Say!
Geocoris pallens Stal.
Heraeus insignis Uhl.*

Pamera bilobata Say*
Trapezonotus nebulosus Fall.*
Hmblethis arenarius Linn.*
Rhyparochromus floralis Uhl."
Melanocoryphus bicrucis Say*
M. facetus Say*

M. admirabinus Uhl.*

Lygaeus reclivatus Say'
Largus cinctus H. Sch."
Dysdercus mimus Say*

D. albidiventris Stal.+

Trigonotylus pulcher Rewt.t
Callimiris tarsalis Reut.*
Resthenia insignis Say*
Lomatopleura caesar Reut.*
Hadronema militaris Unl.*
Poecilosecytus*

Systratiotus americanus Reut.*
Camptobrochis nebulosus Uhl.*
Capsus brachyecorus Uhl.*
Pycnoderes 4-maculatus Gwer.
Labops hesperius Uhl.*
Dicyphus californicus Stal.*
Orectoderus*

Anthocoris melanocerus Reuwt.*
Coriscus kalmii Rewt.*
Repipta taurus [abr.*
Apiomerus pictipes H. Sch.*

A. ventralis Say*
Hygrotrechus remigis Say*
Limnotrechus marginatus Say"
Hebrus concinnus Uhl.*
Cicada var, cassinii Fish.®
Microvelia*

M. hornii Uhl

Salda interstitialis Say'*

S. pallipes Faor.t

Galgulus oculatus Fabr.*
Anisops platyenemis Mieb.*
Corisa abdominalis Say’

Coccidae

Comst2 on
Stanford Uni-

Parlatoria pergandii
Japanese orange;
versity Cal.

P. fiorinia?; Gifu-Ken, Japan

Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn. ou apple;
Stanford University Cal.

L. newsteadi tokionis Kww.* on Co-
diaeum ; Tokyo, Japan

L. gloverii Pack on orange; Kiu-

shiu, Japan
crawii Ckll?

Ken, Japan

Odonaspis secreta Ckll.2 on bamboo ;
Hikosan, Kiushiu, Japan

Chrysomphalus rossi Mask.’ on Ar -
aucaria bidwillii; Stan-
ford University Cal.

L. Angio Saitama-

C. obseurus Comst.’ on Quereus
-coecinea; Columbus O.

C. kelloggi Kuw. Chikujo-gun, Kiu-

shiu, Japan

aurantii citrinus Cog.” Mazatlan,

Mexico

aonidum Linn.* on fern; Tokyo,

Japan

Pseudaonidia paeoniae CKll.2 on Aos-
kia; Hikosan, Kiushiu, Japan

Aspidiotus rapax Comst.”* on laurel;
Stanford University Cal.

A. perniciosus Comst.2 on peach;
Stanford University Cal.

A. lataniae Sign. Tokyo, Japan

A. hederae Vall2 on Sequoia
sempervirens; Stanford
University Cal.

C.

C.

206 NEW YORK

A. glanduliferus Chil. on Pinus
sylvestris; Columbus O.

A. coniferarum shastae Cole? on cy-
press; Lake co. Cal.

A. californicus Cole? on Pinus
ponderosa; Cobb Mt, Lake
eo. Cal.

A. aesculi Johns. on buckeye; San
Mateo Cal.

Leucaspis kelloggi Cole? on Abies
eoncolor; Mt Shasta Cal.

Poliaspis pini Mask2 on Abies
firma; Tokyo, Japan

Aulacaspis rosae Bouché on wild
rose; Palo Alto Cal.

A. pentagona Targ.? on cherry, plum ;
Tokyo, Japan

A.crawii Ckll.?
Japan

Hpidiaspis pyricola Del Guer’ on
prune; Miliken, Santa Clara co.

Jal.

Diaspis bromeliae Kern? on palm;

San José Cal.

on Yumi; Tokyo,

Chionaspis spartinae Comst.2 on
Spartina GEL ULC Ea 8 Palo
Alto Cal.

C. salicis-nigrae Walsh? on Salix
eordata; Columbus O.

C. quercus Comst on Quereus
chrysolepis; Stevens creek,
Mountain View Cal.

C. pinifoliae Fitch? on Torreya
californica; Stevens creek,
Mountain View Cal.

C. ortholobis Comst2 on dogwood ;
Mountain View Cal.

C. gleditsiae Sand.’ on Gleditsia
tricanthos; Columbus O.

Ci americana Johns.. on Ulmus
americana; Columbus O.

Aclerda tokionis Ckll?; 'Tolxyo,
Japan

A. californica Hhrh.on bunch grass ;
Mountain View Cal.

Physokermes insignicola Craw. on
Pinus radiata; San Mateo
Cal.

Saissetia oleae Bern.’,? on vine; San
Mateo Cal.

STATE

MUSEUM

Hulecanium quercitronis kermoides
Tyr? on Quercus agrifolia;
Mountain View Cal.

H. armeniacum Craw. on prune;
Stanford University Cal.

EH. adenostomae Kww on Aden-
ostoma fasciculatum ;
Black Mt Cal.

Coccus hesperidium Linn.?,* on rose;
Areada Cal.

Hucalymnatus tessellatus Sign.’ on
fern; San Francisco Cal.

Ceroplastes ceriferus And? on tea

Pulvinaria rhois Hhrh2 on R hus
diversiloba; near Mountain
View Cal. 5

P. aurantii Ckll.2 on tea; Kokura,
Kiushiu, Japan

Pseudococcus pseudonipae Ckll.’ on
palm ; San Francisco Cal.

Phenacoccus dubia? on Diospy-
ros. kaki; IMWKusatsu, Shiga-

Iken, Japan

Dactylopius dudleyi Cole2 on Cu-
pressus macnabiona ;
Shasta Cal.

D. sp. Cog on cypress; Del Monte
Cal.

Eriococcus graminis Mask? on bam-
boo; Gifu-Ken, Japan.

EH. artemisiae Aww* on Arteme-
Sig Cailiie@O wiles, ¢ Santa
Clara county Cal.

BH. araucariae Mask on Arauca-
ria excelsa; Berkley Cal.

I. adenostomae Hhrh2 on Adnos-
toma fasciculatum; Black
Mt Cal.

Gossyparia spuria J/odeer” on elm;
Stanford University Cal.

Cerococcus quercus Comst.* on oak ;
Mountain View Cal.

C. ehrhorni Cli? on
Mountain View Cal.

Lecaniodiaspis quercus Ckll? on oak

Asterolecanium quercicola Bouché
on Quereus lobata, Stan-
ford University Cal.

Icerya purchasi Mask. on Scotch
broom; Stanford University Cal.

live oak;

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 207

Orthoptera
Hypochlora alba Dodge* M. flavidus Seud.*
Campylacantha olivacae Scud.* M. flabellatus Scud.*
Hesperottetix viridis T'hos. M. packardii Scud.*
‘H. pratensis Scud. M. minor Scud.
H. speciosus Seud.t 5 M. luridus Dodge*
Aeoloplus regalis Dodge* M. bivittatus Say’

Podisma dodgei Thos.*
Melanoplus lakinus Scud.
M. differentialis J'hos.®
M. flabellifer Scud.

Phoetaliotes nebrascensis (nebras-
censis) Thom.t

P. nebrascensis (volucris) Dodge’

Schistocerca americana Drury’

M. bowditchi Scud.

Plecoptera

Perla ephyre Newm.*
P. lurida Hag.* i

P. xanthenes Say?*

EXCHANGE LIST

The following is a partial list of the species of insects in the
New York State Museum which are available for exchange pur-
poses. In return we are specially desirous, as above stated, of
securing Specimens of economic importance in different sections
of this country and of foreign countries, and particularly of forms
likely to beecme destructive if established in this State.

Hymenoptera

Bombus fervidus F'abr.

B. ternarius Say

B. terricola Kirby

B. vagans Simith

Xylocopa virginica Drury
Megachile latimanus Say
Andrena vicina Smith
Vespa arenaria Fabr.

VY. consobrinus Sauss.

VY. diabolica Sauss.

V. maculata DZ.

Polistes pallipes St Farg.
Odynerus capra Sauss.
Philanthus solivagus Say
Monedula ventralis Say
Bembex fasciata Fabr.
Chalybion caeruleum Linn.
Pelopoeus cementarius Drury
Ammophila communis Cress.
Aporus biguttatus Fabr.

A. marginatus Say

Pelecinus polyturator Drury

Apanteles congregatus Say
Lampronota americana Cress.
Pimpla conquisitor Say

P. inquisitor Say

Theronia fulvescens Cress.
Hphialtes irritator Fabr.
Thalessa lunator Faobr.
Paniscus geminatus Say
Anomalon exile Prov.
Ichneumon centrator Say

I. cincticornis Cress.

I. confirmatus Cress.

I. secelestus Cress.

I. unifasciatorius Say

I. laetus Brulleé

Tremex columba Linn.
Allantus basillaris Say
Dolerus arvensis Say

D. sericeus Say
Lygaeonematus erichsonii Hartig
Trichiocampus yiminalis Fallen
Cimbex americana Leach

208 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Cratoparis lunatus F'abr.
Tomicus calligraphus Germ.
T. cacographus Lec.

T. pini Say

T. balsameus Lec.

Xyleborus celsus Hich.

X. dispar F'abr.

Cossonus platalea Say
Calandra granaria Linn.
Balaninus nasicus Say
Mononychus vulpeculus Fabr.
Cryptorhynchus lapathi Linn.
Conotrachelus nenuphar Hbst.
Gymnetron teter Fabr.
Tachypterus quadrigibbus Say
Magdalis armicollis Say

M. barbita Say

M. perforata Horn

Lixus concavus Say
Hylobius pales Hbst.
Pissodes strobi Peck
Phytonomus nigrirostris Fabr.
P. punctatus F'abr.
Cyphomimus dorsalis Horn
Pandeletejus hilaris Hbst.
Otiorhynchus ovatus Linn.
Rhynchites bicolor Fabr.
Epicauta vittata Fabr.

Ki. cinerea Forst.

BH. pennsylvanica DeG.
Macrobasis unicolor Kirby
Henous confertus Say

Meloe angusticollis Say
Notoxus anchora Hentz.

N. bifasciatus Lec.

Mordella marginata MJelsh.
Anaspis flavipennis Hald.
Nacerdes melanura Linn.
Pytho americanus Kirby
Melandrya striata Say
Cistela sericea Say
Boletotherus bifurcus Fabr.
Hoplocephala bicornis Oliv.
Diaperis hydni Fabr.
Paratenetus punctatus Sol.
Tribolium ferrugineum F'abr.
Tenebrio tenebriodides Beauv.
T. molitor Linn.

Xylopinus saperdioides Oliv.

Coleoptera

Scotobates calcaratus F'abr.
Merinus laevis Oliv.
Iphthimus opacus Lee.
Nyctobates pennsylvyanica DeG.
Hleodes tricostata Say
Bruchus obteetus Say
Chelymorpha argus Licht.
Coptocyela aurichalcea Fabr.
Odontota rubra Web.
Microrhopala vittata Fabr.
Dibolia borealis Chev.
Phyllotreta sinuata Steph. (
Systena hudsonias F'orst.
S. frontalis Fabr.

S. bitaeniata Lec.
Crepidodera rufipes Linn.
C. helxines Linn.

C. cucumeris Harr.

Haltica bimarginata Say
Disonycha alternata J/l.

D. pennsylvanica J7l.

D. collaris F'abr.
Galerucella decora Say

x. luteola dill.

Trirhabda canadensis Kirby
Diabrotica 12-punctata Oliv.
D. vittata Fabr.

Cerotoma caminea Fabr.
Lina scripta Fabr.
Gastroidea polygoni Linn.
Chrysomela similis Rog.

C. elegans Oliv.

C. bigsbyana Kirby
Doryphora clivicollis Kirby
D. 10-lineata Say
Prasocuris varipes Lee.
Nodonota brunnea Fabr.

N. tristis Oliv.

Graphops pubescens J/elsh.
Metachroma marginalis Cr.
Typophorus aterrima Oliv.
Chrysochus auratus Fabr.
Glyptoscelis pubescens F'abr.
Fidia viticida Walsh
Xanthonia 10-notata Say
Monachus saponatus Fabr.
Chlamys plicata Fabr.
Babia 4-guttata Oliv.
Crioceris asparagi Linn,

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903

C. 12-punctata Linn. -

Lema trilineata Oliv.

Syneta ferrugimea Germ.
Orsodachna atra Ahr.

Donacia cinecticornis Newm.

D. rufa Say

Tetraopes tetraophthalmus Jorst.
Saperda tridentata Oliv.

Liopus alpha Say

Monohammus maculosus Hald.

~M. seutellatus Say

M. confusor Kirby

Leptura lineola Say

L. exigua Newm.

L. cordifera Oliv.

L. canadensis F'abr.

L. rubrica Say

L. vagans Oliv.

L. proxima Say

L. vittata Germ.

Typocerus velutinus Oliv.
Strangalia acuminata Oliv.
Rhagium lineatum Oliv.
Desmocerus palliatus Forst.
Huderces picipce. Fabdr.
Clytanthus ruricola Oliv.
Neoclytus erythrocephalus Fabr.
Xylotrechus colonus Fabr.
Cyllene robiniae Forst.
Molorchus bimaculatus Say
Hlaphidion villosum Fabr.
Callidium antennatum Newm.
Prionus laticollis Drury
Orthosoma brunneum F'orst.
Parandra brunnea F'abr.
Trichius affinis Gory
Osmoderma scabra Beauv.
O. eremicola Knoch.
Wuphoria inda Linn.
Chalepus trachypygus Burm.
Pelidnota punctata Linn.
Strigoderma arboricola Fabr.
Anomala lucicola Fabr.
Lachnosterna fusea Froh.
L. tristis Fabr.
Macrodactylus subspinosus [’abr.
Serica trociformis Burm.
Dichelonycha elongata Fabr.
D. albicollis Burm.

Hoplia modesta Hald.

209

Geotrupes splendidus Fabr.
Bolboceras farctus abr.
Aphodius fossor Linn.

A. fimetarius Linn.

A. granarius Linn.

A. inquinatus Hbst.
Onthophagus pennsylvanicus Harold
O. hecate Panz.

Phanaeus carnifex Linn.
Copris anaglypticus Say
Canthon laevis Drury
Passalus cornutus abr.
Ceruchus piceus Web.

Doreus parallelus Say
Ennearthron thoracicornis Zeigl.
Lyctus opaculus Lec.

Sitodrepa panicea Linn.

Ptinus quadrimaculatus Melsh.
Clerus quadriguttatus Oliv.

C. nigriventris Lee.

©. analis Lec.

Trichodes nuttali Kirby
Telephorus carolinus Fabr.

T. scitulus Say \
T. rotundicollis Say -

T. bilineatus Say

Podabrus rugulosus Lec.
Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus DeG.
C. marginatus abr.

Photuris pennsylvanicus DeG.
Photinus scintillans Say
Pyropyga nigricans Say
Ellychnia corrusea Linn.
Lucidota atra Fabr.
Calopteron reticulatum Fabr.
Brachys ovata Web.

Agrilus anxius Gory

A. ruficollis Fabr.

Acmeodera pulchella Hbst.
Chrysobothris femorata Fabr.
C. floricola Gory

C. dentipes Germ.

C. scabripennis Lap. & Gory

C. pusilla Lap. & Gory.
Buprestis maculiventris Say
Dicerea divaricata Say
Chaleophora virginiensis Drury
Asaphes decoloratus Say
Oxygonus obesus Say
Corymbites inflatus Say

210 * NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

C. eylindriformis Host.
Limonius confusus Lec.
Melanotus communis Gyll.
Dolopius lateralis Esch.
Hlater nigricollis Host.

EH. obliquus Say
Cryptohypnus planatus Lee.
Alaus oculatus Linn.
Tharops ruficornis Say
Tenebrioides corticalis Melsh.
Ips quadriguttatus Faobr.
Omosita colon Linn.
Nitidula bipustulata Linn.
Conotelus obscurus Hr.
Colastus truncatus Rand.
Hister parallelus Say
Anthrenus scrophulariae Linn.
A. verbasci Linn.

Attagenus piceus Oliv.
Dermestes lardarius Linn.
Byturus unicolor Say
Triphyllus humeralis Kirby
Mycetophagus punctatus Say
M. flexuosus Say

Silvanus surinamensis Linn.
Tritona thoracica Say

T. humeralis Faor.
Lycoperdina ferruginea Lec.
Hpilachna borealis Fabr.
Brachyacantha ursina abr.
Chilocorus bivulnerus Muls.
Psyllobora 20-maculata Say
Anatis ocellata Linn.

Adalia bipunctata Linn.
Coccinella trifasciata Linn.
C. 9-notata Hbst.

C. transversalis Muls.

C. sanguinea Linn.
Hippodamia 13-punctata Linn.
H. parenthesis Say

Megilla maculata DeG.
Tachinus fimbriatus Grav.
Stenus flavicornis Hr.
Paederus littorarius Grav.
Philonthus aeneus Rossi
Staphylinus cinnamopterus Grav.
S. maculosus Grav.
Creophilus villosus Grav.
Listotrophus cingulatus Grav.
Silpha surinamensis F'abr.

. lapponica Host.

. inaequalis Fabr.

. noveboracensis Forst.

. americana Linn.
Necrophorus marginatus Fabr.
N. pustulatus Hersch

N. tomentosus Web.
Sphaeridium scarabaeoides Linn.
Hydrobius fuscipes Linn.

H. globosus Say

Wydrocharis obtusatus Say
Hydrophilus triangularis Say
H. glaber Hobst.

Dineutes assimilis Aube
Gyrinus ventralis Kirby

G. picipes Awbe

Acilius semisulcatus Aube
Dytiscus fasciventris Say
Colymbetes sculptilis Harr.
Agabus punctulatus Awbe
Ilybius biguttatus Germ.
Deronectes griseostriatus DeG.
Laccophilus maculosus Germ.
Cnemidotus 12-punctatus Say
Anisodactylus rusticus Say
A. discoideus Dej.

A. interstitialis Say
Bradycellus rupestris Say
Harpalus erraticus Say

H. viridiaeneus Beauv.

H. caliginosus Fabr.

H. pennsylvanicus DeG.

H. herbivagus Say
Agonoderus pallipes Fabr.
Chlaenius sericeus Lorst.

C. tricolor Dej.-

C. pennsylvanicus Say

C. tomentosus Say

Lebia grandis Hentz

L. viridis Say

Galerita janus F'abr.
Calathus gregarius Say
Dicaelus elongatus Bon.
Amara impuneticollis Say
Pterostichus stygicus Say

P. lucublandus Say

P. corvinus Dej.

P. patruelis Dej.

P. femoralis Kirby

Tachys nanus Gyll.

RRR MN

REPORT OF THE STATE

Bembidium quadrimaculatum Linn.
Searites subterraneus F'abr.
Pasimachus elongatus Lec.

Nebria sahlbergi Fisch.

Hlaphrus ruscarius Say

Calosoma calidum Fabr.

Carabus vinctus Web.

Omophron americanum Dej.

ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 aed

Cicindela lecontei Hald.
. Sexguttata Fabr.

. generosa Dej.

. vulgaris Say

. repanda Dej.

. purpurea Oliv.

. 12-guttata Dej.

. punctulata Fabr.

OOeee Qe

Diptera

Physocephala furcillata Will.
Drosophila ampelophila Loe.
Chloropisca variceps Loew.
Piophila casei Linn.
Lauxania flaviceps Loe.
Trypeta longipennis Wied.
Rhagoletis cingulata Loew.
Phorbia fusciceps Rondani
Pollenia rudis F'abr.
Belvoisia unifasciata Desv.
Ocyptera carolinae Desv.
Tachina mella Walk.
Hchinomyia algens Wied.
Gonia capitata DeG.
Archytas analis Fabr.
Spilomyia fusca Loew.
Syritta pipiens Linn.
Helophilus similis Macq.
Hristalis dimidiatus Wéied.

HH. tenax Linn.

HH. transversus Wied.

Rhingia nasica Say
Sphaerophoria cylindrica Say
Mesograpta marginata Say
Syrphus lesueurii Macq.

S. ribesii Linn.

S. americanus Wied.
Platycherus quadratus Say
Tabanus atrata abr.

T. reinwardtii Wied.

T. lineola Fabr.
Therioplectes microcephalus O. S.
Chrysops vittatus Wied.

C. excitans Walk.

C. niger Macq.

Pangonia tranquilla O. S.
Bibio albipennis Linn.

Lepidoptera

Papilio glaucus turnus Linn.
Pontia rapae Linn.
Hurymus philodice Godt.
Argynnis aphrodite Fabr.
A. atlantis Hd.

Brenthis myrina Cram.

B. bellona Fabr.
Phyciodes tharos Dru.
Hugonia j-album Boisd.
Buvanessa antiopa Linn.
Vanessa atalanta Linn.
Basilarchia arthemis Dru.
B. archippus Cram.
Anosia plexippus Linn.
Feniseca tarquinius Fabr.
Heodes hypophleas Boisd.
Samia cecropia Linn.
Callosamia promethia Drw.
Lycomorpha pholus Druw.

Ctenucha virginica Charp.
Hubaphe aurantiaca Hub.
Haploa confusa Lyman
Hstigmene acraea Dru.

Isia isabella Sm. & Abb.
Diacrisia virginica Fabr.
Apantesis virgo Linn. —-

A. parthenice Stretch.
Halisidota tessellaris Sm. & Abb.
H. caryae Harr.

Alypia octomaculata F'abr.
Hadena passer Gwen.

H. dubitans Walk.

H. devastatrix Brace.

H. arctica Boisd.

Pyrophila pyramidoides Gwen.
Adelphagrotis prasina abr.
Peridroma margaritosa Harr.
Noctua smithii Snell.

~~

AD NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

N. bicarnea Guen.

N. enigrum Linn.

N. clandestina Harr.
Feltia subgothica Haw.

F. jaculifera Guen.
Paragrotis redimicula Morr.
Mamestra purpurissata Grote
M. meditata Grote

M. renigera Steph.

M. olivacea Morr.
Nephelodes minians Gwen.
Heliophila unipuncta Haw.
H. luteopallens Simith
Tricholita signata Streck.
Gortyna nictitans Bork.
Orthosia helva Grote
Plusia aerea Hiibn.

P. aeroides Grote

Leptocerus resurgens Walk.
Hydropsyche sealaris Hag.
Halesus guttifer Walk.

Panorpa rufescens Rambur
P. maculosa Hag.

Polystoechotes punctatus F'abr.

Canthophorus cinctus Beauv.
Podisus maculiventris Say

P. placidus Uhler
Brochymena 4-pustulata Fabr.
Cosmopepla carnifex abr.
Huschistus servus Say

HK. tristigmus Say

H. fissilis Uhler

Hl. variolarius P. B.

Coenus delius Say
Pentatoma juniperana Linn.
Murgantia histrionica Hahn.
Nezara hilaris Say

Anasa tristis DeG.

Alydus eurinus Say
Leptocoris trivittatus Say
Blissus leucopterus Say

Autographa bimaculata Steph.

. precationis Gwen.

. brassicae Riley 3

. rectangula Kirby

. u-aureum Gwen.

. faleigera Kirby

Kustrotia carneola Gwen.

Notolophus badia Hy. Edw.

Hemerocampa leucostigma Abb. &
Sm.

Eudule mendica Walk.

Cingilia catenaria Dru.

Sabulodes transversata Dri.

Sesia tipuliformis Clerck.

Desmia funeralis Hiibn.

Evergestis straminalis Hibn.

Tholeria reversalis Gwen.

Pe Se

Trichoptera |

Goniotaulius dispectus Walk.
Neuronia postica Walk.

Mecoptera

| Bittacus strigosus Hag.

Neuroptera

| Corydalis cornuta Linn.

Hemiptera

Lygaeus turcicus Fabr.
Leptopterna dolobrata Linn.
Calocoris rapidus Say

Lygus pratensis Linn.
Poecilocapsus lineatus Fabr.
Capsus ater Linn.

Piesma cinerea Say

Corythuea arcuata Say
Phymata wolffii Her. Sch.
Nabis rufusculus Reut. .
Acholla multispinosa DeG.
Limnotrechus marginatus Say
Belostoma americana Leid.
Notonecta undulata Say
Cicada tibicen Linn.

C. septendecim Linn.

Pvblilia coneava Say

|

F me
\ 5
P

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 213

.. P. bicinetus Godg. A. quadrangularis Say

Ceresa bubalus Faobr. Clastoptera proteus Fitch

C. diceros Say Diedrocephala mollipes Say

Stictocephala inermis Fabr. D. coccinea Forst.

Smilia camelus Fabr. D. noveboracensis Fitch :

Telamona ampeloposidis Harr. Helochara communis Fitch

Hnehenopa binotata Say Thamnotettix clitellarius Say

Ormenis pruinosus Say Hmpoasea rosae Harr.

Aphrophora saratogensis Fitch Trioza tripunctata Fitch

Coccidae

Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn. Chionaspis furfura Pitch

Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst. C. euonymi Comst.

A. ostreaeformis Curt. C. americana Johns.

A. ancylus Putin. Hulecanium nigrofasciatum Perg.

A. abietis Schr. Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathv.

Aulacaspis rosae Bouché Gossyparia spuria Modeer

Diaspis boisduyalii Sign. Kermes galliformis Riley

CONTRIBUTIONS TO COLLECTION OCT. 16, 1902-OCT. 15,
1905

Hymenoptera

Bombus yvagans Smith, adult, July 24, ©. R. Pettis, Saranac Inn N.Y.

Melissodes sphaeralceae CkIl, adult, Sep. 10, T. D. A. Cockerell,
Pecos N.M.

Megachile cleomi? CkIl., adult, Sep. 10, T. D. A. Cockerell, Pecos
N.M.

M. sapelloni ? Ckll., adult, Sep. 10, T. D. A. Cockerell, Pecos N.M.

M. monardarum CkIl., adult, Sep. 10, T. D. A. Cockerell, Pecos N.M.

Perdita stotteri Ckll., adult, Sep. 10, T. D. A. Cockerell, Pecos
N.M.

Camponotus hereulaneus Linn., adult, May 21, F. R. Calkins,
Ossining N.Y.

C. var. pennsylvanicus DeG. large black ant, work on balsam,
Oct. 31, Jonas H. Brooks, Albany N.Y.

Pteromalus puparum Linn., adult, from Huvanessa_ anti-
opa Linn., Feb. 8, J. H. Cook, Albany N.Y.

Biorhiza forticornis Walsh, oak fig gall on oak, Aug. 24, C. H.
Peck, Albany N.Y.

Urocerus tricolor Proy., adult, July 18, James Roy & Co., Troy
N.Y.

Dolerus arvensis Say, adult, Ap. 30, F. R. Calkins, Ossining N.Y.

Emphytus cinctipes Nort., July 11, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.

Coleoptera

Phytonomus nigrirostris Fabr., adult, on clover, Mar. 25, F. R.
Calkins, Ossining N.Y.

Mycetochares binotata Say, adult, July 11, C. J. Locke, Ogdens-
burg N.Y.

214 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Spermophagus r obinae Sch., adult, June 6, Reinlein Gasoline
Torch Co., Mt Vernon Ill.

Chelymorpha argus Licht., argus heii, adult, June 6, C. J.
Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.

Coptocyela bicolor Fabr., golden tortoise beetle, adult on peach
leaves, May 30, Emma S. Thomas, Schoharie N.Y. Same, adult, June 6,
C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.

Galerucella luteola Miill., elm leaf beetle, adult on elm, May 25,
F. R. Calkins, Ossining N.Y. Same, eggs and larvae on elm, July 13,
F. R. Calkins, Ossining N.Y.

Diabrotica vittata Fabr., adult on squash, May 25, F. R. Calkins,
Ossining N.Y.

Chrysomela bigsbyana Kirby, adult, June 25, C. dy, Hod s3: Og-
densburg N.Y.

Doryphora eclivicollis Nirby, adult, July 11, €. J. Locke, Ogdens- ©

burg N.Y.

Chrysochus auratus Fabr., golden gilt beetle, adults on dogbane,
July 16, J. Jay Barden, Dansville N.Y. Same, adult, July 24, C. R. Pettis,
Saranac Inn N.Y.

Diabrotica vittata Fabr., striped cucumber beetle, adult, June
25, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.

Crioceris 12-punctata Linn., 12-spotted asparagus beetle, adult,
June 3, C. H. Peck, Menands N.Y.

C. asparagi Linn., asparagus beetle, adult on asparagus, May 25,
C. L. Williams, Glens Falls N.Y. Same, adult on asparagus Sep. 3, W. F.
Greene, Mt Vernon N.Y.

Tetraopes tetraophthalmus Forst., adult, July 11, C. J. Locke,
Ogdensburg N.Y.

Oberea bimaculata Oliv., Sngiiees cane girdler work on rasp-
berry canes, June 24, John U. Metz, Swormyille N.Y.

Centrodera decolorata Harr., adult on butternut, Jan. 5, G. S.
Graves, Newport N.Y.

Desmocerus palliatus Forst., adult, June 25, C. J. Locke, Ogdens-
burg N.Y.

Cyllene robiniae Forst., locust borer, Oct. 18, W. C. Hitchcock,
Pittstown N.Y. Same, larvae on locust, June 16, M. T. Richardson, Brook-
lyn N.Y.

Prionus laticollis Drury, broad-necked Prionus, adult, July 20,

Miss M. J. Tyers, Dobbs Ferry N.Y.

Ligyrus gibbosus DeG. adult, June 6, Reinlein Gasoline Torch
Co., Mt Vernon Il. ;

Pelidnota punctata Tinn., spotted grapevine beetle, Oct. 18,
W. C. Hitchcock, Pittstown N.Y.

Lachnosterna fusea Frohl., larva, June 25, C. J. Locke, Ogdens-
burg N.Y.

Diplotaxis liberta Germ., adults on peach, Sep. 24, J. R. Crandall,
Hauppauge N.Y.

Macrodactylus subspinosus Fabr., rose beetle, adult on fruit
trees, June 16, H. A. Jordan, Coxsackie N.Y.

Dichelonycha elongata Fabr., adult, June 6, C. J. Locke, Ogdens-
burg N.Y.

REPORT OF THE STATE EN'rOMOLOGIST 1903 215

Lyectus parallelopipedus Melsh., adults in ash, July 10, Joseph
P. McHugh & Co., New York.

Collops vittatus Say, adult, July 24, C. R. Pettis, Saranac Inn N.Y.

Telephorus carolin us Fabr., adult, June 25, C. J. Locke, Ogdens-
burg N.Y.

Podabrus rugulosus Lee, adult, June 25, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg
N.Y. Same, adult, July 11, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.

Lampyrid, larva, June 12, George S. Graves, Newport N.Y.

Chalcophora virginiensis Drury, adults, Oct. 18, W. C. Hitch-
cock, Pittstown N.Y.-

Melanotus communis Gyll., adult, July 11, C. J. Locke, Ogdens-
burg N.Y.

Dolopius lateralis Wsch., adult, July 11, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg
N.Y.

Alaus oculatus Linn., owl beetle, adult, July 9, C. L. Daggett,
Albany N.Y. Same, adults, July 27, Fred G. Carnes, W. Chazy N.Y.

Anthrenus verbasei Linn., adult, May 25, F. R. Calkins, Ossining
BN.Y.

Chiloecorus bivulnerus Muls., twice-stabbed ladybeetle, adult
(feeding on San José scale) June 13, Mr Hotchkin, Binghamton N.Y.

Adalia bipunetata Linn., two-spotted lady beetle, adult, July 31,
George S. Graves, Newport N.Y. Same on Norway maple, June 12, M. F.
Tiger, Patchogue N.Y. Same, larvae on rose, June 3, Mrs A. G. Dana, Far
Rockaway N.Y.

Coccinella transversalis Muls, adult, July 24, C. R. Pettis,
Saranac Inn N.Y.

C. 9notata Herbst, adult, July 24, C. R. Pettis, Saranac Inn N.Y.

Hydrophilus triangularis Say, adult, June 16, Frances Mc-
Carty, Albany N.Y.

Harpalus erraticus Say, adult, July 24, C. R. Pettis, Saranac
Inn’ N.Y.

Agonoderus pallipes Fabr., adult., May 21, F. R. Calkins, Ossin-
ing N.Y.

Pterostichus lucublandus Say, adult, July 24, C. R. Pettis,
Saranac Inn N.Y.

Cicindela punctulata Fabr., adult, July 6, Richard Lohrmann,
Herkimer N.Y.

C.repanda Dej., adult, June 25, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.

GC. vulgaris Say, adult, July 24, C. R. Pettis, Saranac Inn N.Y.

C. generosa Dej., adult, July 6, Richard Lohrmann, Herkimer N.Y.

C. 6-guttata Fabr., adult, June 25, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.

Siphonaptera

Ceratopsyllus serraticeps, eat flea, adult, infesting house,
Sep. 14, Otis Arnold, Albany N.Y.
Diptera

Mosquito, larvae and adults, July 11, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.
PiSios: Obpihion: a cul ial ta Halbrs eadull, Aug. 6, H. C. Weeks, Sheeps-
head Bay, Brooklyn N.Y.

Chironomids, adult, Ap. 30, F. R. Calkins, Ossining N.Y.

216 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Lasioptera yitis?O.S., June 4, Francesco Landini, New York.

Theriopletes affinis adult, July 24, C. R. Pettis, Saranac Inn
INDY

Tabanus atratus Fabr., mourning horsefly, adult, July 7, Abraham
Knechtel, Albany N.Y.

Syrphus ribesii Linn, adult, Ap. 30, F. R. Calkins, Ossining N.Y.

Stratiomyid, adult, May 25, C. L: Williams, Glens Falls N.Y.

Tachinid sp., puparium infesting stalk borer, July 15, C. L. Williams,
Glens Falls N.Y.

Pollenia rudis Fabr., cluster fly, adults in house, Sep. 1, K. B.
Christman, Burtonville N.Y.

Phorbia brassicae Bouché, cabbage root maggot, larvae in tur-
nips, Noy. 18, J. J. Cormot, Phoenix R.I.

P. ceparum Meigen, onion maggot, grubs on onions, June 19, Mr
VanDerzee, Kenwood N.Y. Same, Mar. 25, F. R. Calkins, Ossining N.Y.

Trypeta longipennis Weid., adult, on Helianthus, July 31),
George S. Graves, Newport N.Y.

Lepidoptera

Papilio polyxenes Fabr., adult, Feb. 11, R. K. Colville, Kenwood
N.Y. Same, larva, June 16, Mrs Humphrey, Watervliet N.Y. me

Pieris oleracea Harr., cabbage butterfly, adult, July 14, Carl
Heiser, Malone N.Y.

Basilarchia arthemis Dr. banded purple, adult, June 17,
Mrs A. M. A. Jackson, Camillus N.Y.

Sphecodina abbotii Swains, Oct. 18, W. C. Hitchcock, Pitts-
town N.Y.

Samia ceecropia Linn., cecropia moth, adult eggs, June 2,
A. Saunders, Ridge road, Irondequoit N.Y. ,

Telea polyphemus Cramer, egg and cocoon, June 6, C. J. Locke,
Ogdensburg N.Y.

Ctenucha virginica Charp., adult, June 25, C. J. Locke, Ogdens-
burg N.Y.

Hstigmene acraea Dr. salt marsh caterpillar, adult, June 9
George S. Graves, Newport N.Y.

Alypia oectomaculata fFabr., S8-spotted forester, larvae on
virginia creeper, July 26, Perey MacG@. Allen, Albany N.Y.

Noetua clandestina MHarr., adult, June 25, C. J. Locke, Ogdens-
burg N.Y.

Feltia subgothica ? Hawerth, larva on cabbage, June 25, C. J.
Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.

Mamestra picta Harr., zebra caterpillar, larva on strawberry,
June 9, C. L. Williams, Glens Falls N.Y.

Heliophila pseudargyria .Guenée, adults, May 21, F. R.
Calkins, Ossining N.Y.

Xylina laticinerea? Grote, larva on peach, May 28, Henry G.
Parsons, Milton N.Y.

Heliothis Armiger Hiibn., corn worm, larva on corn, Aug. 25,
Dr M. W. VanDenburg, Mt Vernon N.Y. z

Heterocampa> bilineata Pack., larvae on beech, July 12, E. H.
Mairs, Irvington N.Y.

>

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 217 —

E Notolophus antiqua Linn., larva, June 25, C. J. Locke, Ogdens-
burg NYA
Tolype velleda/? Stoll, lappet moth, larva on apple, June 13, Mr
otchkin, Binghamton N.Y.
' Hydria undulata Linn., on cherry, Aug. 15, C. R. Pettis, Saranac
‘Inn N.Y.
» Pr ionoxystus ?—robiniae Peck, larvae on beech. Jan. 5,
George S. Graves, Newport N.Y.
: Sanninoidea exitiesa Say, Oct. 18, W. C. Hitchcock, Pittstown
mN.Y.
‘ Sesia acerni Clem., maple seslan, larva on maple, Sep. 18 W. C. H.,
‘Hartley Hall Pa.
Evergestis straminalis Hiibn., black headed cabbage worm,
larvae on turnip, july 22, George S. Graves, Newport N.Y.
' Hypsopygia costalis Fabr., clover hay worm, larvae, Mar. 16,
J. Mace Smith, Ithaca N.Y.
@ Archips resaceana Harr. ., adult, June 6, Reinlein Gasoline Torch
Co., Mt Vernon N.Y. Same, July 11, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y. Same,
Jarya on rose, June 25, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.

Gelechia aceriella Clem., larva on maple, Aug. 27, George S.
Graves, Newpert N.Y. :
| Bucculatrix pomifoliella Clem., apple leaf Bucculatrix, co-
-coons on apple, Noy. 17, L. L. Woodford, Berwyn N.Y.
_ Tineola biselliella Hummel, clothes moth, larva in a mattress,
June 25, Mrs P. N. Nicholas, Geneva N.Y.

Neuroptera

Psocus vyenosus Burm., on maple, Aug. 12, George S. Graves,
_ Newport N.Y.

Sialis infumata Newm., alder fly, June 6, C. J. Locke, Ogdens- -
_ burg INGY.:
Trichontera

Mystacides nigra Linn., July 11, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.

Plecoptera

Taeniopteryx fasciata Burm., Mar. 25, F. R. Calkins, Ossining
N.Y.
Pteronarcys regalis Newm., adult, June 6, C. J. Locke, Ogdens-
| burg N.Y.

Hemiptera

Canthophorus cinctus Beauv., adult, July 24, C. R. Pettis, Sara-
_nac Inn N.Y.
2?Nezara hilaris DeG., nymphs killing asparagus beetle grubs,
Sep. 3, W. F. Greene, Mt Vernon N.Y.
_ Leptopterna dolobrata Linn., on wheat, June 15, J. Jay
Barden, Stanley N.Y. Same, adult, June 25, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.
|Same, July 11, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.
Calocoris rapidus Say, adult, June 25, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg
N.Y.

218 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Poecilocapsus lineatus Fabr., July 11, C. J. Locke, Ogdens-
burg N.Y.

Capsus ater Linn. adult, June 25, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.
Same, July 11, €. J. Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.

Acanthialectularia Linn., bedbug, July 24, C. R. Pettis, Sara-
nac Inn N.Y.

Corythuca marmorata Uhler, adults on chrysanthemum, June
1, Harry Blauvelt, Coeyman N.Y.

Coriscus subcoleopterus Kirby, adult, July 24, C. R. Pettis,
Saranac Inn N.Y.

Acholla multispinosa DeG. nymphs on grape, May = F. R.
Calkins, Ossining N.Y.

Cicada tibicen Linn., harvest fly, adult, Aug. 12, George S. Graves,
Newport N.Y. Same, Aug. 24, H. B. Taylor, Albany N.Y.

Ceresa taurina VFitch, tree hopper scars on apple, Ap. 24, Mr
Niles, Chatham N.Y ;

Telemona reclivata? Fitch, July 11, C. J. Locke, Ogdensburg
N.Y.

Psylla pyricola Riley, pear psylla, all stages on pear, July 26,
Jacob H. Wagar, Cropseyville N.Y. Same, nymphs on pear, Aug. 17, Miss
M. L. Williams, Sherburne N.Y. Same, pupa on pear, May 25, G. F. White,
Preston Hollow N.Y.

Chermes pinicorticis Fitch, pine bark chermes, eggs on white

pine, May 2, C. R. Pettis, Saranac Inn N.Y.

Pemphigus tessellatus Fitch, larvae and adult on alder, Aug.
29, C. R. Pettis, Saranac Inn N.Y.

P. popularius Vitch, adult on poplar P. balSamifera, July
24, C. R. Pettis, Saranac Inn N.Y.

Hormaphis hamamelidis Fitch, galls on witch hazel, Aug. 12,
George S. Graves, Newport N.Y.

Schizoneura americana Riley, adulis on elm, June 15, C. J.
Locke, Ogdensburg N.Y.

Lachnus viminalis Fonse., adult, May 25, F. R. Calkins, Ossin-
ing N.Y

Drepanosiphum acerifolii YThos., adults on Acer sac-

charinum June 26, George 8. Graves, Newport N.Y.

Aphis gossypii Glover, adults and larvae on tomato, Aug. 6, C. H.
Peck, Menands N.Y.

?Nectarophora tiliae Monell, basswood louse, eggs on basswood,

. 24, L. L. Woodford, Berwyn N.Y.

eee rophora rudbeckiae Titch, adults on Rudbeckia
laciniata, June 25, G. G. Atwood, Albany N.Y.

Myzusribis Linn.? on Ribes aureum, July 8, W. H. Harrison,
Lebanon Springs N.Y.

M. cerasi IFabr., on cherry, May 25, F. R. Calkins, Ossining N.Y,
Same, larvae and adult on Prunus pennsylvaniea, July 24, C. R,
Pettis, Saranac Inn N.Y.

Rhopalosiphum solani Thos., tomato louse, all stages, on
tomato, June 9, J. M. Dolph, Port Jervis N.Y.

Callipterus betulaecolens Fitch, birch leaf aphis on cut
leaved birch, Aug. 8, E, P, VanNess, Hast Greenbush N.Y.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 219

# Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn. appletree bark louse, eggs on lilac,
-Mar. 17, T. L. M., Staten Island N.Y. Same, adults on willow, May 2, M. T.
Richardson, New York.

Chrysomphalus tenebricosus Comst., gloomy scale insect,
on maple, Dec. 29, G. W. Herrick, Vicksburg Miss.

Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst., San José scale, adults and
“young on apple, Noy. 3, Edward V. Cox, New York city. Same, adults and
yéung on peach and plum, Dec. 29, G. W. Herrick, Ellisville Miss. Same,
adults on Japanese quince, Feb. 23, Albany N.Y. Same, young adults on
Japanese quince, May 7, M. T. Richardson, New York. Same, adults on
apple, May 16, A. N. Cloud, Coxsackie N.Y. Same, adults on pear, June 9,

George M. Adams, Spencerport N.Y.
A. forbesi Johns., cherry scale insect, adults on cherry, Dec. 29, Glenn
W. Herrick, Meridian Miss.
A. aneylus Putn., Putnam’s scale, young on apple (fruit) Nov. 10,
C. H. Darrow, Geneva N.Y. Same, adult on white birch, Ap. 7, Prof. C. F.
Hodge, Clark University, Worcester Mass.

Poliaspis carissae CkIl, adults on carissa, Dec. 22, T. D. A.
Cockerell, East Las Vegas N.M.

Pheuac¢aspis natalensis Ck&Ill., adults on niango, Dec. 12, T. D.
A. Cockerell, East Las Vegas N.M.

Aulacaspis rosae Bouché, rose scale insect, on blackberry, Noy. 24,
L. L. Woodford, Berwyn N.Y.

Chionaspis euonymi Comst., euonymus scale, adults on euony-
mus, Sep. 19, T. W. Baldwin, Nyack N.Y.

C. lintneri Comst., adults on cornus, Ap. 27, H. C. Peck, Rochester
N.Y.

Hulecanium tulipifereae Cook, tuliptree scale insect, adults
and young on tulip, Aug. 2, Mrs W. H. Whitaker, Flushing N.Y.

EK. prunastri? Fonsc., New York plum scale, adults on pear, June
12, E. L. Mitchell, Clarksville N.Y.

E. nigrofasciatum Perg., black banded lecanium on peach, May 1,
'G. S. Clarke, Milton N.Y.

HE. armeniacum Craw., adults on crimson rambler rose, May 26,
| Myron 8. Wheeler, Berlin Mass.

Coceus hesperidum Linn., on begonia, June 6, C. J. Locke, Og-
| densburg N.Y.

Lecanium sp., adult on trumpet vine, June 10, C. E. Eldridge, Leon N.Y.

Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathv., maple tree scale insect,
adult on maple, June 20, M. T. Tyers, Dobbs Ferry N.Y.
Halimococcus lampas CkIl, adults on palm, Dee. 22,.T. D. A.
| Cockerell, East Las Vegas N.M.

Orthoptera

Ceuthophilus maculatus Say, spotted wingless grasshopper,
adult, May 15, C..E. Wieting, Cobleskill N.Y.

Thysanura

Achorutes packardi fFolsm., adults on peartree bark Ap. 7,
(\A. W. K. Lick, Germantown N.Y.

iw)
bo
i=)

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Arachnida

Micrathena sagittata Walck., adult killing asparagus beetles,
Sep. 3, W. F. Greene, Mt Vernon N.Y.

Ixodes ecruciarius Fitch, tick, Ap. 21, C. H. North, Dannemora
N.Y.

Dermacentor americanus, the dog or wood tick, adult on dog, -

July 26, E. N. Huyck, Rensselaerville N.Y.

Chernes sanborni Hagen, adult on house fly, Sep. 7, Dr H. E. |

Smith, Norwich N.Y.

Trombidium muscarum Riley, adults on house fly, Sep. 7, Dr

H. E. Smith, Norwich N.Y.
Phytoptus quadripes Shimer, galls on Acer dasycarpun,
July 3, G@. G. Atwood, Albany N.Y. (

Bryobia pratensis Garm., clover mite, eggs on peach, Nov. 17, |

L. L. Woodford, Berwyn N.Y.

Gamasus sp. adult? May 21, F. R. Calkins, Ossining N.Y

Myriapoda

Scutigera forceps Raf., house centipede, adults in house, Sep. 22, |

Chancey Whitmyre, Schenectady N.Y.

The following is a small collection, except a few species which

have not been determined, of insects kindly contributed by Mr

J. R. de Ja Torre Bueno of New York city, who collected the same

in that vicinity.

Cossonus platalea Say
Centrinus picumnus Hbst.
C. scutellum-album Say
Madarus undulatus Say
Baris transversa Say
Copturus minutus Lec.
Conotrachelus seniculus Lee.
C. nenuphar Hbst.
Gymnetron teter Fabr.
Anthonomus signatus Say
Otidocephalus chevrolatii Horn
Phytonomus nigrirostris Fabr.
P. punctatus Fabr.

Apion nigrum Abst.

Sitones flavescens Marsh

S. hispidulus Germ.
Aphrastus taeniatus Gyll.
Otiorhynchus ovatus Linn.
Phyxelis rigidus Say
Aittelabus nigripes Lec.
Rhynchites bicolor Fabr.
Hugnamptus collaris Fabr.
Rhipiphorus limbatus Fabr.

Mordellistena aspersa Melsh.
M. comata Lec.

M. trifasciata Say .
Mordella marginata Melsh.
Bruchus musculus Say
Cerotoma caminea F'abr.
Trichius affinis Gory.
Ligyrus gibbosus DeG.
Chalepus trachypygus Burm.
Anomala lucicola Fabr.
Macrodactylus subspinosus Faor.

Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus DeG. —

Photinus consanguineus Lee.
Lucidota atra Fabr.
Calopteron reticulatum Faor.
Adalia bipunctata Linn.
Coccinella 9-notata Hobst.
Hippodamia glacialis Fabr.
Silpha surinamensis Fabr.
Harpalus caliginosus Fabr.
Casnonia pennsylvanica Linn.
Cicindela punctulata Fabr.—

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 221

EXPLANATION OF PLATES
PLATE 1
Dorsal view of Eniscopilus arcuatus Felt

PLATE 2
Ophionid wings _
1 Ophion ferruginipennis Felt
2 Ophion bifoveolatum Brullé
3 Ophion bilineatum Say
4 Hniscopilus appendiculatus Felt
5 Ophion abnormum Felt
6 Eremotylus macrurus Linn.

PLATE 3
Work of Chrysanthemum lace-bug, Corythuca marmo-
rata Uhler
PLATE 4

Chrysanthemum lace-bug

Corythuca marmorata Uhler
1 Section of leaf showing insertion of eggs below the surface
2, Dorsal spines of stage 1: a, arising from cone-shaped base,
b, directly from the body
3 Lateral abdominal spine of stage 1
4 Dorsal view of nymph in stage 2
5 Dorsal spines of stage 2: a, arising from cone-shaped base,
b, directly from the body
6 Lateral abdominal spine of stage 2
7 Dorsal spines of stage 3: a, arising from cone-shaped base,
b, directly from the body
8 Lateral abdominal spines of stage 3
9 Dorsal view of nymph in stage 4
10 Lateral abdominal spines of stage 4
11 Dorsal spines of stage 4: a, arising from cone-shaped base,
b, directly from the body
12 Lateral abdominal spines of stage 5
13 Antennae in stage 5

om

rat ig Pe
Via Wee “

Se 9 A Aa ER I

Plate 1

Hniscopilus areuatus

Plate 2

rls Tt

fer}

recs

Ophionid wings

a

fos kame at

>

EO eS Re IEE

en eee

iy.»
E ° |
x . :
4 he
5
fs rye
= ‘ 4 ;
cot as .
at 5 f . .
Ls, ‘4
3 A . /
ower F
> a ‘ ;
,
: 3 M ‘ =
a *
es —s
w
ae ry ‘ .
me > . ‘
ee Sen
e £ 1
y
1 “y -
ca : > c
‘
: ~ ‘

4 ~~ *

Plate 3

Work of chrysanthemum lace bug

Plate 4

Chrysanthemum lace bug

INDEX

abnormum, Ophion, 114, 121-22.
acerifolii, Drepanosiphum, 1385, 181-
82, 192.

aceris, Chaitophorus, 134, 191.
acerni, Sesia, 200.
Acknowledgi ents, 96.
Adalia bipunctata, 136.
Adirondacks, relation of forest fires
to insect attack, 168-69.
Admiral butterflies, red, 184.
agarici, Phora, 198.
agassizii, Halisidota, 106.
Agrilus anxius, 186.
Albany county, summary of volun-
tary reports from, 174.
albifrons, Symmerista, 118.
Alder, webworm injuring, 183.
Allen Nursery Co., certificate issued
to, 95.
Ambrosia beetle, 169, 170, 172.
American economic entomology, lit-
erature of, 196.
americana, Apatela, 183.
americana, Malacosoma, see Mala-
- cosoma americana.
americana, Schizoneura, 181.
Anasa tristis, 175, 177, 180, 185, 189.
? Anthonomus signatus, 187.
antiopa, Huvanessa, 180, 185, 186.
Ants, 184, 198. *
anxius, Agrilus, 186.
Apatela americana, 1838.
Apatelodes torrefacta, 102.
Aphids, see Plant lice.
Aphis, apple, 131-33, 177, 182, 185,
187, 189, 191.
birch, 136.
cabbage, 133-34, 176, 180, 182.
cherry, 133, 175, 177, 185, 186, 188.
elm, 184-35.
wooly beech, 136.
Aphis brassicae, 183-34, 176, 180,
182.
Mali ded-3a. lm, 282. 185> AST,
189, 191.

appendiculatus, Eniscopilus, 108,
113.

Appletree, insects injurious to:
Aphis mali, 177, 182, 185, 189.
Hyphantria textor, 182, 183, 188.
Macrodactylus subspinosus, 181.
Myzus cerasi, 185. “
plant lice, 177, 182, 185, 187.
Psocus ? venosus, 182.

Saperda candida, 186.
Tmetocera ocellana, 183.

Appletree aphis, 131-33, 177, 182,
LSD Sie SO Ole

Appletree bark louse, 195.

Appletree borer, 186.

Appletree tent caterpillar, 138-39,
WS 176, 10%, AVS, 180; Tei 183;
184, 186, 188, 190, 191, 198.

Appletree worm, yellow-necked,
182.

Apricots, Diabrotica 12-punctata in-
juring, 138.

Aquatic Chrysomelidae, 199.

Aquatie insects of New York state,
93, 94, 200.

Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera, 199.

Arachnida, contributions of, 220.

arctiae, Hremotylus, see Hremotylus
arctiae.

arcuatus, Hniscopilus, 108, 112-18.

armicollis, Magdialis, 167.

Army worm, parasite of, 109.

Arsenate of lead, 142, 148, 194, 195,
196, 199.

Arsenical poison, 187.

Ash, mountain, Diplotaxis frondi-
eola injuring, 187.

Ashmead, W. H. acknowledgments
to, 97, 105; cited, 104, 105, 106, 111,
116, 120. ;

asparagi, Crioceris, see Crioceris
asparagi.

Asparagus beetle, 143, 176, 178-79,

189, 197.
spotted, 190.

224

Aspen, Chaitophorus populicola in-
juring, 136.

Aspidiotus perniciosus, 91, 140-41,
151-66, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197.

Aster, insects injurious: to:
Lygus pratensis, 145.
sawfly, 188.

atalanta, Vanessa, 184.

Automeris io, 102, 105. 2

Balm of Gilead, Pemphigus popu-
larius injuring, 136.

Balsam, insects injurious to:
Chrysobothris pusilla, 172.
Chrysobothris scabripennis, 172.
Polygraphus rufipennis, 169. _
Xyloterus lineatus, 172.

-barbita, Magdalis, 167.

Barden, J. J., acknowledgments to,
95.

Bark beetle, coarse-writing, 167.
pine, 167.

Bark borers, 167.

Beans, insects injurious to:
Crepidodera cucumeris, 179.
leaf hopper, 182.
plant lice, 183.

Beech, insects injurious to:
Pemphigus imbricator, 135.
plant lice, 191.

Polygraphus rufipennis, 169.
Tremex columba, 171.

Beech, purple, insects injurious to:
Notolophus leucostigma, 191.
Phyllaphis fagi, 136, 191.
Seirodonta bilineata, 191.

Beech aphis, woolly, 136, 191.

Beechtree blight, 135-36.

Beets, Pegomyia vicina injuring,
185.

Beneficial insects, 97-125, 150-51,
194.

betulaecolens, Callipterus, 186.

bifoveolatum, Ophion, 114, 119-20,
121.

bilineata, Seirodonta, 191.

bilineatum, Ophion, see Ophion
bilineatum. '

bimaculata, Oberea, 178, 186.

bipunctata, Adalia, 136.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Birch, insects injurious to:

Agrilus anxius, 186.
Chrysobothris femorata, 171.
Dryocoetes eichhoffi, 171.
plant lice, 182.

Polygraphus rufipennis, 169.
Tremex columba, 171.

Birch, cut-leaved, Callipterus betu-
laecolens injuring, 136.

Birch aphis, 136.

Birch borer, bronze, 186.

Black flea beetle, 176, 179, 180, 181,
185, 189.

Black knot, 182. (

Black lady beetle, little, 150-51.

Black woolly bear, 182.

Blackberry bushes, Oberea bimacu-
lata injuring, 178, 186.

Blauvelt, Egbert, on Corythuca,
marmorata, 125, 129; on Lygus
pratensis, 145.

Blauvelt, Harry, on Corythueca mar-
morata, 125.

Blennocampa pygmaea, 142.

Blepharoceridae, 199.

Bordeaux mixture, 199.

borealis, Dibolia, 181.

botrana, Polychrosis, 142-43.

Bowman, Thomas & Son, nursery
certificate issued to, 95.

Box elder, insects injurious to:
Chaitophorus negundinis,

183.
plant lice, 182.

Box elder plant louse, 135.

brassicae, Aphis, see Aphis brassi-
cae.

brassicae, Phorbia, see Phorbia bras-
sicae.

Bronze birch borer, 186.

Brown Bros. Co., nursery certificate
issued to, 96:

Brown tail moth, 197.

Brown woolly bear, 182.

Bruchus pisorum, 194, 195.

Brullé, Auguste, cited, 103, 111,
120.

Bruner, Lawrence, cited, 101, 104.

brunneus, Rhyncolus, 170.

Bud moth, 177, 178, 183.

135,

PO ET

_ Bumble flower beetle, 190.
' Buprestid, 6-spotted, 171.
Burdock, plant lice on, 182.
‘Poecilocapsus lineatus
il7@p.
Butternut, Datana integerrima in-
juring, 1838.

injuring,

Cabbage, insects injurious to:
Aphis brass cae, 133, 180.
Phorbia brassicae, 148, 175, 179,

187, 192.

Cabbage aphis, 133-34, 175, 180.

Cabbage butterfly, 175, 176, 178,

~ 180, 182, 183, 186.

Cabbage maggot, 148-44, 175, 179,
192.

Cabbage worm, 178, 187.
black-headed, 182.

ealcarata, Saperda, 186.

calligraphus, Tomicus, 167, 193.

Callipterus betulaecolens, 136.
ulmifolii, 134.

Callosamia promethea, 102, 105.

eandida, Saperda, 186.

Cankerworms, 179, 188, 184, 191.

Carbolic soap emulsion, 144.

Carbon bisulfid, 145.

cardinalis, Novius, 194.

Carpocapsa pomonella, 189, 183, 187,
Sle

Carrot rust fly, 197.

earyae, Halisidota, 118.

Case-bearer, cigar, 179.

Cat flea, 145.

Cattaraugus county, summary of
voluntary reports from, 174-76.

Caulfield, F. B., cited, 111. _

Cayuga county, summary of volun-
tary reports from, 176.

Cecidomyia destructor, 178, 179, 183.

cecropia, Samia, 102.

Cedar birds, 186.

ceparum, Phorbia, 144, 187.

Cerambicid, 172.

cerasi, Myzus, see Myzus cerasi.

Ceratopsyllus serraticeps, 145-47.

Cetonia, Indian, 176.

INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903

225
Chaitophorus aceris, 184, 191.
negundinis, 135, 181, 1838.
populicola, 186.
chalybea, Haltica, 142.
Chambers, V. T., cited, 104.
Charlton Nursery Co., certificate

issued to, 95.

Chase Bros. Co., nursery certificate
issued to, 96.

Chemung county, summary of vol-
untary reports from, 176-77.

Cherry aphis, 133, 188.

Cherry borers, 191.

Cherry slug, 186.

Cherrytree, insects injurious to:
cedar birds, 186:

Macrodactylus subspinosus, 178.
Myzus cerasi, 133, 175, 176, 177,
179, 180, 182, 185, 188-89.

Chilocorus similis, 98, 150, 194, 196,
200.

Chinese lady beetle, 93, 150, 194,
200.

Chironomidae, 93.

Chokecherrytrees, Malacosoma ? dis-
stria injuring, 184.

Chrysanthemum lace bug, 125-29.
explanation of plate, 221.

Chrysobothris sp., 170.
femorata, 171.
pusilla, 172.
scabripennis, 171, 172.

Chrysomelidae, aquatic, 199.

chrysorrhoea, Euproctis, 197.

Cigar case-bearer, 179.

Clarkson; Frederick, cited, 104.

Clisiocampa [Malacosoma] ameri-

eana, 193.
‘disstria, 193.

Clover, Phytonomus punctatus in-
juring, 184.

Clover leaf weevil, 184.

Clymonts, T. S., on Polychrosis
botrana, 142.

Coccidae, received in exchange,
201, 205-6; available for exchange,
213.

Codling moth, 189, 188, 187, 188,
191.

Coleophora fletcherella, 179.

226

Coleoptera, taken at Newport
N. Y., 197; received in exchange,
202-3; available for exchange,
208-11; contributions of, 213-15.

Coleopterous laryae, 199.

Colias butterfly, 185.

Collections of insects, 94-95; contri-
butions to, 213-20.

coloradensis, Genophion, 128, 124-
Zo: 7

Colorado potato beetle, see Potato
beetle.

columba, Tremex, 171.

columbia, Samia, 102.

comes var. vitis, Typhlocyba, 192.

Comstock, J. H., acknowledgments
to, 97; cited, 101, 104, 125.

eoncinna, Schizura, 109.

confusor, Monohammus, 169, 193.

Conotrachelus nenuphar, 137, 175,
184.

Cook, M. T., acknowledgments to, 96.

Coquillett, D. W., cited, 104.

Corn, Crepidodera cucumeris injur-
ing, 179.

Correspondence, 92.

Corythuca marmorata, 125-29.
explanation of plate, 291,

costale, Ophion, 114, 128.

Crandall, John R., on Diplotaxis
liberta, 187

Crane fly, 187.

Crepidodera cucumeris,
180-81, 185, 189.

Cresson, H. T., cited, 104, 107, 114,
TAG AO aay

Crimson rambler rose, 1a0y, beetles
on, 185.

Crioceris asparagi,

179, 189, 190.

12-punctata, 190.

Cucumber beetle, striped, 177,
180, 181, 185, 186, 187,
194.

Cucumber flea beetle, 176, 179, 180,
ions alistay, walls?)

Cucumber vines, Diabrotica vittata
injuring, 179.

cucumeris, Crepidodera, see Crepi-
dodera cucumeris.

176, 179,

148,

Ors;

L77, 179,
190, 191,

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Culicidae, 199;

received in exchange,
203-4.

' Curculio, plum, 137, 175, 184, 197.

Currant aphis, 180, 181.
Currant bushes, insects
to:
Myzus ribis, 181.
Poecilocapsus lineatus, 179.
sawfly, 181.

Currant worms, 176, 178,
184, 185-86, 187, 188.
Cutworms, 176, 177, 186, 189.

cyanea, Scutellista, 194.
cynthia, Philosamia, 102. ‘

injurious

180, 181,

Daisy, Macrodactylus subspinosus
injuring, 181. A

Datana integerrima, 149, 183.
ministra, 182.

Davis, G. C., cited, 107, 118, 138.

Davis, K. C., cited, 93, 200.

decem-lineata, Doryphora, see Dory-
phora 10-lineata.

deflorata, Ecpantheria, 105.

Dendroctonus terebans, 193.

destructor, Cecidomyia, 178, 179,
183.

Diabrotica 12-punctata, 137.
harperi, 138.
vittata, 177, 179, 181, 185, 186, 187,

190, 194.

Diacrisia virginica, 105, 115.

Dibolia borealis, 181.

dimidiatus, Phymatodes, 171.

Diplosis pyrivora, 191.

Diplotaxis frondicola, 137.
liberta, 137.

Diptera, received in exchange, 203;
available for exchange, 211; con-
tributions of, 215-16.

Diseased and dying trees and in-
sect attack, 167-73.

Diseases and pests, 196.

Disonycha triangularis, 181, 182.

disstria, Malacosoma, see Malacos-
oma disstria.

Dock, insects injuring, 181, 182.

Dog flea, 145.

domestica, Musea, 198.

<a

INDEX TO REPORT OF THE

Doryphora 10-lineata, 175, 176, 177,
178, 180, 184, 185, 187, 190, 192.

Dragon fly, 187.

Drepanosiphum acerifolii, 185, 181-
825,192:

Dryocoetes eichhofii, 171.

duodecim-punctata, Diabrotica, 137.

Dust and otler sprays, 195.

Dutchess county, summary of vol-
untary reports from, 177-78.

Ecpantheria deflorata, 105.

Bggplant, insects injurious to:
Crepidodera cucumeris, 189.
Diabrotica vittata, 187.
plant lice, 187.

Bhrhorn, FE. M.,
from, 201.

eichhoffi, Dryocoetes, 171.

Elm, insects injurious to:
Callipterus ulniifolii, 134. —
Disonycha triangularis, 181, 182.
Galerucella luteola, 147, 191.
Hyphantria textor, 188.
plant lice, 182, 187.

Schizoneura americana, 181.

Elm aphis, 134-35.

Elm borer, 167.

Elm flea beetle, 181, 182.

Elm leaf beetle, 91, 184, 147, 174,
189, 190, 191, 195, 196.

Elm snout beetle, 167.

Emmons & Co., nursery certificate
issued to, 96.

Eniscopilus, 101, 107.

' appendiculatus, 108, 113, 221.
arcuatus, 108, 112-13.

explanation of plate, 221.
purgatus, 98, 100, 107, 108-11, 112.

Entomology, handbook, 193.

Epargyreus tityrus, 118.

EHremotylus, 101.
arctiae, 100, 101, 102, 105-6, 107.
glabratus, 101, 106-7.
macrurus, 97, 99, 100, 101-4, 105,

106, 107, 2217

Erie county, summary of voluntary
reports from, 178.

Hriocampoides limacina, 186.

species received

STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903

227

Hulecanium juglandis, 141-42.

tulipiferae, see Lecanium [Hule-
canium] tulipiferae.

Euphoria inda, 176, 190.

Huproctis chrysorrhoea, 197.

Huvanessa antiopa, 180, 185, 186. -

Evans, J. D., cited, 104, 111, 116.

Evergestis stramenalis, 182.

Exchanges, system of, 95, 200-18.

Explanation of plates, 221.

fagi, Phyllaphis, 186, 191.

Fall webworm, 92, 149, 177, 180,
182, 183, 188, 1938.

Fallou, cited, 104.

Felt, E. P., Monograph of Genus
Saperda, 94.

Feltia gladiaria, 115.

femorata, Chrysobothris, 171.

ferruginipennis, Ophion, 114, 122.

Fidia viticida, 92, 192, 193-94, 195,
196, 197, 198, 199.

First National Nurseries, certificate
issued to, 96.

Flea beetle, black or cucumber,
176, 179, 180, 181, 185, 189.

Fleas, 145-47, 195.

Fletcher, James, cited, 111.

fletcherella, Coleophora, 179.

Flies, 175, 198.
black, 199.

Forbes, S. A., cited, 101, 120.

Forest and shade trees. insects in-
jurious to, 94.

Forest fires and insect attack, 168-
(Gg), Ug:

Forest tent caterpillar, 149, 174, 177,
181, 183, 184, 198.

Forest trees, insects injurious to, 94,
147-49, 192.

frondicola, Diplotaxis, 137.

Fruit growers and truckers, hints
to, 197.

Fruit growers association, work
and observations in 1902, 196.

Fruit tree bark beetle, 191, 200.

Fruit tree insects, 137-42.

fuliginipennis, Ophion, 102.

fulvoguttata, Melanophila, 171, 172.

Iryles, T. W., cited, 104.

228

Galerucella luteola, 91, 134, 147,174,
189, 190, 191, 195, 196.

Gall beetle, gouty, 178, 186.

Garden insects, 148-45.

Garman, H., species received from,
"201.

Gartered plume moth, 189.

Genesee county, summary of volun-
tary reports from, 178-80.

Genophion, 101, 128.
coloradensis, 128, 124-25.
gilletti, 123-24.

Gillette, C. P., species received from,
201.

gilletti, Genophion, 128-24.

glabratus, Hremotylus, 101, 106-7.

gladiaria, Feltia, 115.

Glaea inulta, 115.

Gnathotricus materiarius, 170.

Gooseberries, Pteronus ribesii in-
juring, 176.

Gouty gall beetle, 178, 186.

Grain beetle, saw-toothed, 145.

Grain pests, 145-47.

Grapeberry moth, 142-43.

Grapevine, insects injurious to, 142-
43, 178.

Grapevine leaf hopper, 192.

Grapevine root worm, 92, 94, 192,
193-94, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199.

Grapevine sawfly, 142.

Grasshoppers, 175, 176, 181, 182,
190.

Graves, George S., on Aphis brassi-
eae, 183; on Chaitophorus negun-

dinis, 185; on Drepanosiphum |
acerfolii, 185; on Pemphigus im-
bricator, 1385; on Callipterus

betulaecolens, 136.
Greene county, summary of volun-
tary reports. from, 180.

Haemotobia serrata, 175, 181, 183.
Halisidota agassizii, 106.
earyae, 118.
Haltica chalybea, 142.
harperi, Diabrotica, 138.
Harrington, W. H., cited, 104, 111,
116.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Hart, W. H., experiments in con-
trolling San José scale, 155.

Heliophila unipuncta, 109.

Hemiptera, received in exchange,
205; available for exchange, 212-
13; contributions of, 217-19.

Hemlock, insects injurious to:
Melanophila fulvoguttata,

172.

Polygraphus rufipennis, 169.
Xylotrechus undulatus, 172.
Herkimer county, summary of vol-

untary reports from, 180-83.

Hessian fly, 178, 179, 183, 185.

Hoorn flies, 175, 181, 1838.

Hornets, 1838.

Horse-chestnut trees, Notoloplius
leucostigma injuring, 92.

Horseflies, 175, 188.

House flies, 185, 190, 198.

House pests, 145-47. .

Howard, L. O., acknowledgments
to, 96, 105, 150; cited, 104, 106, 107,
111, 115, 116, 129, 1387.

Hubbard, T. S. Co., nursery certifi-
cate issued to, 96.

Huested, P. L., experiments in con-
trolling San José seale, 159.

Hunter, Prof., on number of plant
lice, 139. :

Hydrocyanie acid gas, 145, 146.

Hymenoptera, received in exchange,
201-2; available for exchange, 207;
contributions of, 218.

Hyphantria cunea [textor], 193.
textor, 92, 149, 177, 180, 182, 183,

188.

171,

imbricator, Pemphigus, 185-36.

inda, Euphoria, 176, 190.

Indian Cetonia, 176.

Injurious insects, 125-29; introduced
from abroad, 196.

Insect exchange, 95, 200-13.

Insecticides, paper on, 94.

Insecticides and fungicides, 195.

Insecticides and notes, 194.

integerrima, Datana, 149, 183.

inulta, Glaea, 115.

io, Automeris, 102, 105.

(8 he

INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903

isabella, Isia, 102.
Pyrrharctia, 182.
Isia isabella, 102.

Jack, J. G., cited, 101.

Johannsen, Oskar Augustus, cited,
98, 199, 200.

Josselyn, G. S. Co., nursery certifi-
cate issued to, 96.

Joutel, L. H., monograph of genus
Saperda, 94.

juglandis, Hulecanium, 141-42.

June beetles, 138, 186, 190.

Kellogg, V. L.,,
from, 201.

Kerosene emulsion, 132, 141, 144,
166.

Knight & Bostwick, nursery certifi-
eate issued to, 96.

Kridelbaugh, cited, 137.

species received

Lacewing flies, 131.

Lachnosterna, 138.

Lady beetle, 131, 185, 190.
Chinese, 93, 150, 194, 200.
little black, 150-51.
spotted, 183.
two spotted, 136.

Lantern slides, added to collection,
92.

Leaf bug, four-lined, 179.

Leaf hopper, 182, 185.

Leaf miner, 185.

Lecanium ? pruinosum, 174.
[Eulecanium] tulipiferae, 199.

Legislation against pests, 194.

Lepidoptera, received in exchange,
204; available for exchange, 211-
12; contributions of, 216-17.

Lepidosaphes ulmi, 195.

Leptura subhamata, 171.

leucostigma, Notolophus, see Notolo-
phus leucostigma.

Lewis, H. D., on Psylla’ pyricola,
139.

libatrix, Scoliopteryx, 109.

liberta, Diplotaxis, 137.

Lights, value of for destroying in-
sects, 97-98.

229

Lilacs, webworm injuring, 183.

Lima beans, Diabrotica vittata in-
juring, 181.

limacina, Eriocampoides, 186.

Lime, air slacked, 138.

Lime, salt and sulfur mixture, 194,
195, 196.

Lime-sulfur wash, 938, 141, 154-58,
159-60.

lineatus, Poecilocapsus, 179.
Xyloterus, 170, 172.

Lintner, J. A., cited, 100, 104, 106,
116.

London purple, 142, 149.

Looper caterpillar, 174, 194.

Lowe, V. H., experiments,
death of, 96. :

Lugger, Otto, cited, 109, 111.

luteola, Galerucella, see Galerucella
luteola.

Lygus pratensis, 144-45.

159;

Mac Gillivray, A. D., cited, 93, 199,
200.

Macrodactylus subspinosus, 138,
175, 178, 181, 185, 186, 189, 198.
Maerurus, Eremotylus, see Hremoty-
lus macrurus. :

Magdalis armicollis, 167.
barbita, 167.
Maggots in mushrooms, 193.
Malacosoma americana, 138-39, 175,
176, 177, 178, 180, 183, 186, 188,
190, 191, 198.
disstria, 149, 174, 177, 181, 184,
193.
mali, Aphis, see Aphis mali.
Mamestra picta, 109, 189-90.
trifolii, 109.
Maple, insects injurious to:
Chaitophorus aceris, 191.

Drepanosiphum acerifolii, 135,
182, 192.
plant lice, 187, 191.
Polygraphus rufipennis, 169.
Psocus ? venosus, 182.
Sesia acerni, 200.
Tremex columba, 171.
Maple, ash-leaf, Chaitophorus

negundinis injuring, 181.

230

Maple, soft, Apatela americana in-
juring, 183. —

Maple aphis, 182.

Mapletree borers, 198.

Marlatt, C. L., cited, 101.

marmorata, Corythuca, 125-29.

materiarius, Gnathotricus, 170.

May beetles, 188, 175, 189.

May fly, 93, 187.

Meat fly, 183.

Mecoptera, available for exchange,
212.

Melanophila fulvoguttata, 171, 172.

Melon vines, Diabrotica vittata in-
juring, 179.

Midges, net-winged, 199.

ministra, Datana, 182.

misella, Pentilia, 150-51.

Monohammus confusor, 169, 198.
scutellatus, 169-70. eee

Morrell, L. L., experiments in con-
trolling San José scale, 155.

Mosquitos, 93, 175, 187, 191, 198,
1199: 2

Mount Hope Nurseries, nursery

certificate issued to, 95.

Mountain ash, Diplotaxis frondicola

injuring, 1387.

Mourning cloak butterflies, 185, 186.

‘Musca domestica, 198.

Mushrooms, maggots in, 193.

Myriapoda, contributions of, 220.

Mytilaspis pomorum, 195.

Myzus cerasi, 133, 175, 177, 185, 186,

188.

ribis, 180, 181, 186.

Nasturtiums, Pieris rapae injuring,
183.

Needham, James G., cited, 93, 200;
report on May flies and midges,
93. :

negundinis, Chaitophorus, 1385, 181,
183.

Nellis, J. B., & Co., nursery certifi-
cate issued to, 96.

nenuphar, Conotrachelus, 137,
184.

Neuroptera, received in exchange,
204; contributions of, 217.

175,

=|

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

|) New York entomologic service, 196,

197, 198, 199.
New York plum scale, 141-42.
nigrovarium, Ophion, 114, 121.

| nitela, Papaipema, 190.
| Norton, Hdward, cited, 100, 103, 107,

ISIE Wal), 1240).
Norway maple, Chaitophorus aceris
injuring, 134.

| Notes for the year, 130-51.

Notolophus leucostigma,
147-49, 187, 191.

Novius cardinalis, 194.

Nursery inspection work, 95-96; effi-
eacy, 194.

91,5 db,

Oaks, insects injurious to, 94.

| Oats, white grubs injuring, 187.

Oberea bimaculata, 178, 186.
ocellana, Tmetocera, 177, 178, 183.
Office work, 92.

Onion, Phorbia ceparum
144, 187.

Onion maggot, 144, 187.

Orondaga county, summary of vol-
untary reports from, 183-85.

Ophion, 101, 113.
long-tailed, 97, 101-4.
two-lined, 98, 114.

Ophion abnormum, 114, 121-22, 221.
bifoveolatum, 114, 119-20, 121,

Die :
bilineatum, 98, 107, 113, 114-16,
alates stalls} alte), als
coloradensis, 128.
costale, 114, 1238.
ferruginipennis, 114, 122, 221.
fuliginipennis, 102.
glabratum, 106.
nigrovarium, 114, 121.
purgatus, seé Hniscopilus.
tityri, 98, 118, 116-19, 122, 124.

Ophionid wings, explanation of
plate, 221.

Ophionini, value as parasites, 97-98;
synopsis of certain genera, 97-125;
general habits, 98-99; oviposition
and larval habits, 99-100; pupa-
tion and final transformations,
100.

injuring,

INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903

Orange county, summary of volun-
tary reports from, 185-86.
Orthoptera, received in exchange,
207; contributions of, 219. -
Osborn, Herbert, cited, 104, 111, 116,
120; species received from, 201.
Oxyptilus periscelidactylus, 189.

Packard, A. S., cited, 100, 103, 109,
iahils shoal

Panton, cited, 111.

Papaipema nitela, 190.

Parasites, synopsis of certain
genera of the Ophionini, 97-125.

Paris green, 142, 149.

Pea weevil, 194, 195.

Peachtree, Diplotaxis liberta injur-
ing, 137.

Pear midge, 191.

Pear psylla, 1389-40, 177, 178, 180,
189, 200.

Pear slug, 186.

Peartree, insects injurious to:
Hriocampoides limacina, 186.
Psylla pyricola, 139, 178, 189, 200.
Scolytus rugulosus, 200.

Peartree, Bosc, green plant louse
injuring, 188.

Peas, insects injuring, 185.

Peck, H. C., acknowledgments to,
95.

Pegomyia vicina, 185.

Pemphigus imbricator, 135-386.
popularius, 186.

Pentilia misella, 150-51. -

Peppermint, Poecilocapsus lineatus
injuring, 179.

periscelidactylus, Oxyptilus, 189.

Perkins, G. H., cited, 104, 116.

perniciosus, Aspidiotus, see ASpidio- |
tus perniciosus.

Perry Nursery Co., nursery certifi-
cate issued to, 96.

Petroleum, crude, 153, 193, 195, 196.

Petroleum. emulsion, 151-54, 158,
159, 166, 192, 194.

Pettis, C. R., on Pemphigus popu-
larius, 136.

Philosamia cynthia, 102.

phlaeocoptes, Phytoptus, 142.

231
Phlegethontius 176,
187.

Phora agarici, 193.

Phorbia brassicae, 145-44, 175, 179,
Sie OD:

ceparum, 144, 187.

Phyllaphis fagi, 136, 191.

Phymatodes dimidiatus, 171.

Phytonomus punctatus, 184.

Phytoptus phlaeocoptes, 142.

picta, Mamestra, 109, 189-90.

Pieris rapae, 175, 176, 178, 180, 182,

183, 186.

Pigeon tremex, 171.

Pigweed. plant lice on, 182, 183.

Pine, insects injurious to: 94, 1938.

bark borers, 167.
Monohammus confusor, 169.
Polygraphus rufipennis, 169. .
Rhyneolus brunneus, 170.
Tomicus pini, 169.

Pine bark borer, 169.

Pine sawyer, 169.

pini, Tomicus, see Tomicus pini.

pisorum, Bruchus, 194, 195.

lagionotus speciosus, 198.

Plant lice, 91, 130-86, 178, 175, 176,
177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 188, 185,
186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192,
198) 189:

green, 184,-188.

Plantains, Crepidodera cucumeris
injuring, 181.

Plates, explanation of, 221.

Plecoptera, received in exchange,
207; contributions of, 217.

Pium cureulio, 137, 175, 184, 197.

Plum inite, 142.

Plumtree, insects injurious to:

Aphis mali, 182.
Diabrotica 12-punctata, 138.
Eulecanium juglandis, 141.
Hyphantria textor, 188.
Phytoptus phlaescoptes, 142.
plant lice, 176, 179, 187.
Plumtree, wild, Diplotaxis frondi-
cola injuring, 137.

5-maculatus,

Poecilocapsus lineatus, 179.

Polychrosis botrana, 142-43.
Polygraphus rufipennis, 169, 170.

232

polyphemus, Telea, 102, 109.

pomonella, Carpocapsa, see Carpo-
capsa pomonella.

pomorum, Mytilaspis, 195.

Popenoe, HEH. A., species
from, 201.

Poplar, insects injurious to:
Agrilus anxius,186.

Huvanessa antiopa, 186.
Saperda calearata, 186.
Nyleborus sp., 172.

poplar borer, 186.

popularius, Pemphigus, 136.

populicola, Chaitophorus, 136.

Populus balsamiferus, 136.

Potato beetle, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180,
181, 182, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189,
190, 191, 192, 199.

Potato wireworms, 193.

Potatoes, insects injurious to:

received

Crepidodera cucumeris, 176, 179,

181, 185, 189.

Doryphora 10-lineata, 175, 176,
177, 178, 180, 184, 185, 187, 190,
192.

Potatoes, spray for, 199.

pratensis, Lygus, 144-45. .

promethea, Callosamia, 102, 105.

Provancher, L’Abbé L., cited, 100,
104, 111, 116, 120.

? pruinosum, Lecanium, 174.

Psila rosae, 197.

Psocus ? venosus, 182.

Psyche, extract from, 112.

Psylla pyricola, 139-40, 177, 180, 189,

200.

Pteronus ribesii, 176, 178, 180, 184,

186, 188. :

Publications of entomologist, 93-94,

192-200.

Pumpkins, Diabrotica vittata injur-

ing, 185.
punctatus, Phytonomus, 184.
purgatus, HEniscopilus, see Eniscopi-
lus purgatus.

Purple beech, Phyllaphis fagi injur-

ing, 136.
pusilla, Chrysoboturis, 172.
pygmaea, Blennocampa, 142.
pyvicola, Psylla, see Psylla pyricola.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

pyrivora, Diplosis, 191.
Pyrrharctia. isabella, 182.

Quinces, plant lice injuring, 132,
7),

quinquemaculatus,
176, 187.

Phlegethontius,

rapae, Pieris, see Pieris rapae.
Red admiral butterflies, 184.
Red spider, 189. .
Remedies and preventives for:
appletree plant louse, 132.
asparagus beetle, 197.
cabbage maggot, 144.
Chaitophorus aceris, 1384.
cherry plant louse, 133.
chrysanthemum lace bug, 129.
Diplotaxis liberta, 138.
fall webworm, 149.
fleas, 146, 195.
fruit tree bark beetle, 200.
grapeberry moth, 142.
grapevine root worm, 92, 194, 197,
198, 199.
grapevine sawfly, 142.
maggots in mushrooms, 193. =
New York plum scale, 141.
pear psylla, 140.
plant lice, 182, 183, 184, 190, 198,
199.
plum curculio, 137, 197.
potato beetles, 199.
San José scale, 93, 151-66, 192,
193, 194, 196, 197.
saw-toothed grain beetle, 145.
Sesia acerni, 200.
steely flea beetle, 142.
tarnished plant bug, 145.
tussock moth, white marked, 148-
49.
Remedies and preventives for in-
sect depredations :
arsenate of lead, 142, 148, 194, 195,
196, 199.
arsenical poison, 137.
bands of tar or cotton, 148.
bordeaux mixture, 199.
carbolic soap emulsion, 144.

INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903

Remedies ete. (continued)

carbon bisulfid, 145. —

dust and other sprays, 195.

hydrocyanic @cid gas, 145, 146.

kerosene emulsion, 132, 141, 144,
166.

lime, air slacked, 138.

lime, salt and sulfur, 194, 195,
196.

lime-sulfur wash, 141, 154-58, 159-
66.

london purple, 142, 149.

paris green, 142, 149.

petroleum, crude, 153, 193, 195,
196.

petroleum emulsion, 151-54, 158,

159, 166, 192, 194.
tobacco water, 132.
whale oil soap, 129, 182, 134, 140,
141, 145, 158, 166, 190, 192, 194,
195, 196.
wood ashes, 138.
Report of state entomologist, 197.
Rhopalosiphum solani, 185.
Rhynecolus brunneus, 170.
ribesii, Pteronus, see
ribesii.
ribis, Myzus, 180, 181, 186.
Riley, C. V., cited, 100, 101, 102,
103-4, 106, 107, 111, 116, 120, 1387.
Rockland county, summary of vol-
untary reports from, 186.
Roesch, Lewis, nursery certificate
issued to, 96.
Rogers Nursery, certificate
to, 96.
rosae, Psila, 197.
Rose, J. F., on plant lice, 1382; on
Aphis brassicae, 133.
Rose beetle, 138, 175, 178, 181, 185.
186, 189, 198.
Rose slugs, 187.
Rosebushes, insects injurious to:
Diplotaxis frondicola, 137.
leaf hoppers, 185.
Macrodactylus subspinosus, 175.
181, 185.
Myzus cerasi, 185.
plant lice, 182, 184, 185, 189, 190.

Pteronus

issued

233

Rosebushes ete. (continued)
Tetranychus telarius, 189.

rufipennis, Polygraphus, 169, 170.

rugulosus, Scolytus, 191.

Sage, Poecilocapsus lineatus injur-
ing, 179.
St Lawrence county, summary of
voluntary reports from, 186-88.
Samia cecropia, 102.
columbia, 102.
San José scale, 91, 98, 140-41, 150,
151-66, 192, 198, 194, 195, 196, 197.
Sanborn, F. G., cited, 108, 116.
Sanders, J. G., species received from,
201.
Saperda, monograph of genus, 94.
ealearata, 186.
candida, 186.
tridentata, 167.
Saratoga county, summary of vol-
untary reports from, 188.
Saunders, William, cited, 104, 116.
Saw-toothed grain beetle, 145.
Sawfly, 181, 188.
Say, Thomas, cited, 107, 111, 116.
scabripennis, Chrysobothris, 171,
172.
Seale insects, 194; determinations
of, 92; soft, 174.
Schenectady county, summary of
voluntary reports from, 188.
Schizoneura americana, 181.
Schizura concinna, 109.
unicornis, 109.
Schuyler county, summary of vol-
untary reports from, 188.
Seiara sp., 193.
Scoliopteryx libatrix, 109.
Seolytus rugulosus, 191, 200.
Seudder, S. H., cited, 103, 116, 119.
scutellatus, Monohammus, 169-70.
Scutellista cyanea, 194.
Seirodonta bilineata, 191.
serrata, Haemotobia, 175, 181, 183.
Sesia acerni, 200.
Shad flies, 187.
Shade tree ratings, 195.

234

Shade trees, injurious insects, 94,
147-49.

Sheeren Wholesale Nurseries, cer-
tificates issued to, 95-96.

Sialididae, 200.

signatus, ?Anthonomus, 187.

Silvanus surinamensis, 145.

similis, Chilocorus, see Chilocorus
similis.

Simuliidae, 199.

Siphonaptera, contributions of, 215.

Sirrine, F. A., on Phorbia brassicae,
144,

Slosson, A. T., cited, 120.

Smith, J. B., cited, 101, 108, 104, 107,
111, 116, 120; acknowledgments
to, 113.

Snow, F. H., species received from,
201.

solani, Rhopalosiphum, 185.

Special investigations, 92-93.

speciosus, Plagionotus, 198.

Spiny elm caterpillar, 186.

Spittle insects, 181, 185.

Spraying, 195. See also Remedies.

Spruce, insects injurious to:
Chrysobothris sp., 170.
Chrysobothris scabripennis, 171.
Gnathotricus materiarius, 170.
Phymatodes dimidiatus, 171.
Polygraphus rufipennis, 169, 170.
Xyloterus lineatus, 170.
Xylotrechus undulatus, 171.

Spruce bark beetle, 169, 170.

Squash bug, 175, 177, 180, 185, 189.

Squash vines, insects injurious to:
Anasa tristis, 175, 177, 180, 189.
Diabrotica vittata, 179.

Stalk borer, 190.

Steely flea beetle, 142.

stramenalis, Hvergestis, 182.

Strawberry plants, insects injurious

to:
Diabrotica harperi, 138.
Mamestra picta, 190.

Strawberry weevil, 187.

Stuart, C. W., & Co., nursery certifi-
cate issued to, 96.

subhamata, Leptura, 171.

NEW YORK STATE \IUSEUM

subspinosus, Macrodactylus, see
Macrodactylus subspinosus.

Summer washes, 159-66.

Sunflowers, plant lice injuring, 183.

surinamensis, Silvanus, 145.

Sweet, George A., Nursery Co., cer-
tificate issued to, 96.

Symmerista albifrons, 118.

Syrphus flies, 131.

Tamarack, insects injurious to:
Leptura subhamata, 171.
Polygraphus rufipennis, 169.
Tomicus pini, 171. (

Tarnished plant bug, 144-45.

Taylor, H. S8., & Co., nursery certifi-’
cate issued to, 95.

telarius, Tetranychus, 189.

Telea polyphemus, 102, 109.

terebans, Dendroctonus, 1938.

Tetranychus telarius, 189.

textor, Hyphantria, see Hyphantria
textor.

Thorn apple, Macrodactylus, sub-
spinosus injuring, 181.

Thysanura, contributions of, 219.

Timothy, Pyrrharctia isabella injur-
ing, 1838.

Tingis arcuata, 128.

tityri, Ophion, see Ophion tityri.

tityrus, Hpargyreus, 118.

Tmetocera ocellana, 177, 178, 183.

Tobacco water, 182. ;

Tobacco worm, 176.

Tomato worm, 187.

Tomatoes, insects injurious to:
Crepidodera cucumeris, 179, 181,

185, 189.
Rhopalosiphum solani, 185.

Tomicus calligraphus, 167, 198. }
pini, 167, 169, 171, 1938.

torrefacta, Apatelodes, 102.

Trap lantern records, 108, 114, 117,
120. :

Tremex columba, 171. i

Triangularis, Disonycha, 181, 182.

Trichoptera, available for exchange,

212; contributions of, 217. 4
tridentata, Saperda, 167. ;
trifolii, Mamestra, 109. :

INDEX TO REPORT OF THE

tristis, Anasa, see Anasa tristis.

Trouyelet, cited, J9, 103.

Trumpet vine, Lecanium ? pruino-
sum injuring, 174.

Tulip tree scale, 199.

Turnips, insects injurious to:
Aphis brassicae, 183, 182.
Hvergestis stramenalis, 182.
Phorbia brassicae, 192.

Tussock moth, white-marked, 91,
147-49, 187, 191.

Typhlocyba comes var. vitis, 192.

Uhler, P. H., cited, 129.

ulmi, Lepidosaphes, 195.

ulmifolii, Callipterus, 134.

Ulster county, summary of volun-
tary reports from, 188-89.

undulatus, Xylotrechus, 171, 172.

unicornis, Schizura, 109.

unipuncta, Heliophila, 109.

Van Alstyne, Edward, experiments
in controlling San José scale, 155.

Van Duzee, H. P., acknowledgments
to, 96.

Vanessa atalanta, 184.

? venosus, Psocus, 182.

vicina, Pegomyia, 185.

virginica, Diacrisia, 105, 115.

viticida, Fidia, see Fidia viticida.

vittata, Diabrotica, see Diabrotica
vittata.

Voluntary entomologie service of
New York state, 96, 173-92.

Walker, C. M., determinations of
seale insects, 92; experiments
with summer washes, 93; experi-
ments with lime-sulfur wash, 160-
66; arrangement of collections,
94: nursery inspection work, 95.

Walnut trees, black, Datana in-
tegerrima injuring, 149.

Walnut worm, 149.

Warren county, summary of vol-
untary reports from, 189-90.

STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 235

Waterhouse, cited, 104.

Wayne county, summary of volun-
tary reports from, 190.

Webster, F. M., cited, 101, 111.

Webworm, fall, 92, 149, 177, 180,
182, 183, 188, 193.
Weed, C. M., cited, 102, 104.
Westchester county, summary of
voluntary reports from, 190-91.
Western New York Nursery Co.,
nursery certificate issued to, 95.
Whale oil soap, 129, 182, 184, 140,
141, 145, 158, 166, 190; 192, 194,
195, 196.

Wheat, Diabrotica harperi injuring,
138.

White grubs, 187.

Williams, C. I., on Crioceris as-
paragi, 1438.

Williston, S. W., determinations by,
201.

Wood, A. L., nursery certificate is-
sued to, 95. ~

Wood, Albert, on Psylla pyricola,
140.

Wood ashes, 138.

Woolly bear, black, 182.
brown, 182.

Woolly beech aphis, 136, 191.

Worthington, C. H., cited, 104.

Wyoming county, summary of vol-
untary reports from, 191-92.

Xyleborus sp., Aer:
Xyloterus lineatus, 170, 172.
Xylotrechus undulatus, 171, 172.

Young, D. B., investigations ou
mosquitos, 98; work on forest in-
sects, 94; work on collections, 94-
95; on Drepanosiphum acerifolii,
135; on Callipterus betulaecolens,
136; investigations on forest fires
and insect attack, 168-69.

Zebra caterpillar, 109, 189.

University of the State of New York
New York State Museum
PUBLICATIONS

Postage or express to places outside of New York State must be paid
in addition to the price given. On 10 or more copies of any one publica-
tion 20% discount will be given, the buyer to pay transportation. Editions
printed are only large enough to meet special claims and probable sales.
When the sale copies are exhausted, the price for the few reserve copies
is advanced to that charged by secondhand booksellers, in order to limit
their distribution to cases of special need. Such prices are inclosed in
[ ]. All publications are in paper covers, unless binding is specified.

Museum annual reports 1847—-date. All in print to 1892, 50c a volume, 75¢ in
cloth; 1892-date, 75c, cloth.

\, These reports are made up of the reports of the director, geologist, paleontologist, botanist and
entomologist, and museum bulletins and memoirs, issued as advance sections of the reports.

Geologist’s annual reports 1881-date. Rep’ts I, 3-13, 17-date, O; 2, 14-16, Q.

The annual reports of the early natural history survey, 1837-41 are out of print.

Reports 1-4, 1881-84 were published only in separate form. Of the sth report 4 pages were
reprinted in the 39th museum report, and a supplement to the 6th report was included in the goth
museum report. The 7th and subsequent reports are included in the 41st and following museum
reports. except that certain lithographic plates in the 11th report (1891) and 13th (1893) are omitted
from the 45th and 47th museum reports.

Separate volumes of the following only are available.

Report Price Report Price Report Price
12 (1892) $.50 16 $r IQ $.40
14 -75 17 -75 20 +50
15, 2V. 2 18 “75 ar -40

22 40

‘In 1898 the paleontologic work of the State was made distinct from the geologic and will here-
after be reported separately.

Paleontologist’s annual reports 1899-date.

See fourth note under Geologist’s annual reports.
Bound also with museum reports of which they form a’part. Reports for 1899 and 1900 may be
had for 20c each. Since rgor these reports have been issued as bulletins.

Entomologist’s annual reports on the injurious and other insects of the
State of New York 1882-date.

Reports 3-17 bound also with museum reports 40-46, 48-55 of which they forma part. Since
1898 these reports have been issued as bulletins. Reports 3-4 are out of print, other reports with
prices are:

Report Price Report Price Report Price
I $.50 9 $.25 15 ( En 9) $.15
2 .30 10 35 GO % xe) ag
5 25 Ir 25 a Gate a) 30
6 15 12 25 af) (CBP Say) apes)
7 20 13 .10 i) (2m) gu
8 25 14 (En 5) .20

Reports 2, 8-12 may also be obtained bound separately in cloth at 25c in addition to the price
given above.

Botanist’s annual reports 1867-date.

Bound also with museum reports 21-date of which they form a part; the first botanist’s report
goreareds in the 21st museum reportand isnumbered 21. Reports 21-24, 29, 31-41 were not published
separately.

Beparate reports 25-28, 30, 42-50 and 52 (Botany bulletin 3) are out of print. Report 51 may be
had for 40c; 53 for 20c; 54 for soc. Since the 55th these reports have been issued as bulletins.

Descriptions and ilustrations of edible, poisonous and unwholesome fungi of New York have
been published in volumes 1 and 3 of the "48th museum report and in volume 1 of the goth, 51st, 52d,
54th and ssth reports. The descriptions and illustrations of edible and unwholesome species con-
tained in the goth, 51st and 52d reports have been revised and rearranged, and, combined with
_ others more recently prepared constitute Museum memoir 4.

Museum bulletins 1887-date. O. To advance subscribers, $2 a year or 50c
a year for those of any one division: (1) geology, economic geology, miner-
alogy, general zoology, archeology and miscellaneous, (2) paleontology, (3)
botany, (4) entomology.

Bulletins are also found with the annual reports of the museum as follows:

Bulletin Report Bulletin Report Bulletin Report
12-15 48, V. I 20-25 ey i 35-36 54, V. 2
16-17 Be 26-31 Sah. 37-44 Oy Nee
18-19 See 32-34 SA 45-48 “Vv. 4

49-54 55, V. 1

The figures in parenthesis indicate the bulletin’s number asa New York State Museum bulletin

Geology. G1 (14) Kemp, J. F. Geology of Moriah and Westport Town-

ships, Essex Co. N. Y., with notes on the iron mines. 38p. 7pl. 2 maps.
Sep. 1895. 0c.

UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

G2 (19) Merrill, F: J. H. Guide to the Study of the Geological Collections
of the New York State Museum. 162p. 119pl. map. Nov. 1898. [5oc]
New edition in preparation. ‘

G3 ee ny J. F. Geology of the Lake Placid Region. 24p. Ipl. map.

ep; 1 Eyes

G4 (48) chico J. B. Pleistocene Geoloey of Nassau. County and
Borough of Queens. 58p. il. opl. map. Dec. 1901. 25¢.

G5 (56) Merrill, F: J. H. Description of the State Geologic Map of 1901.
42p. 2 maps, tab. Oct. 1902. 0c.

G6 Cushing, H. P. Geology of the Vicinity of Little Falls, Herkimer Co.
nN press.

Crystalline Rocks of the Northeastern Adirondacks. In press.

Kemp, J. F. Crystalline Rocks of Warren and Washington Counties. In
preparation.

Woodworth, J. B. Glacial Geology ‘ad New York. In preparation.

Economic geology. Egil (3) Smock, J: C. Building Stone in the, State of
New York. 152p. Mar. 1888. Out of print.

Eg2 (7) —— First Report on the Iron Mines and Iron Ore Districts in
the State of New York. 6470p. map. June 1889. Out of print.
Eg3 (10) ——Building Stone in New York. 210p. map, tab. Sep. 1890. 4oc.

Eg4 (11) Merrill, F: J. H. Salt and Gypsum Industries of New York. gap.
12pl. 2 maps, II tab. Ap. 1803. 4oc.

Egs5 (12) Ries, Heinrich. Clay Industries of New York. 174p. 2pl. map.
Mar. 1895. 30¢.

Eg6 (15) Merrill, F: J. H. Mineral Resources of New York. 224p. 2 maps.
Sep. 1895. 50c.

Eg? (17) —— Road Materials and Road Building in New York. 52p. r4pl.
2 maps 34x45, 68x92 cm. Oct. 1807. 5c.
aps separate 70 each, two for 5c.

Eg8 ee Orton, Edward. Petroleum and Natural Gas in New York. 136p.

3 maps. Nov. 1899. I5¢.

Eg9 (aa) Ries, Heinrich. Clays of New York; their Properties and Uses.
4560p. 140pl. map. June 1900. $1, cloth:

Eg10 (44) Lime and Cement Industries of New York; Eckel, E. C.
Chapters on the Cement Industry. 332p. IoIpl. 2 maps. Dec. IQOI.
85c, cloth.

Egil (61) Dickinson, H. T. Quarries of Bluestone and other Sandstones
in New York. Top. 18pl. 2 maps. Mar. 1903. 35¢c.

Mineralogy. M1(4) Nason, F. L. Some New York Minerals and their
Localities. 20p. tpl. Aug. 1888. [zoc]

M2 (58) Whitlock, H. P. Guide to the Mineralogie Collections of the New
York State Museum. t15op. il. 39pl. 11 models. Sep. 1902. 40¢.

M3 (70) New York Mineral Localities. 1rop. Sep. 1903. 20¢.

Paleontology. Pal (34) Cumings, E. R. Lower Silurian System of East-
ern Montgomery County; Prosser, C: S. Notes on the Stratigraphy of
Mohawk Valley and Saratoga. County, N. Y. 74p. topl. map: May
1900. 5c.

Pa2 (39) Clarke, J: M.; Simpson, G: B. & Loomis, F: B. Paleontologic
Papers 1. 72p. il. 16pl. Oct. 1900. I5c.

Contents: Clarke, J: M. Remarkable Occurrence of Orthoceras in the Oneonta Beds of

the Chenango Valley, N
-——Paropsonema cryptophya ; a Peculiar Echinoderm from the Intumescens-zone (Portage
Beds) of Western New Y ork,
—Dictyonine Hexactinellid Sponges from the Upper Devonic of New York.
——The Water Biscuit of Squaw Island, Canandaigua Lake, N.
Simpson, G: B. Preliminary Descriptions of New Genera of Eee Rugose Corals.
Loomis, F: B. Siluric Fungi trom Western New York.

Pa3 (42) Ruedemann, Rudolf. Hudson River Beds near Albany and their
Taxonomic Equivalents. I14p. 2pl. map. Ap. I901. 25¢.

Pa4 (45) Grabau, A. W. Geology and Paleontology of Niagara Falls and
Vicinity. 286p, il. 18pl. map. Ap. 1901. 65c; cloth, 9oc.

MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS

Pad (49) Ruedemann, Rudolf; Clarke, J: M. & Wood; Elvira. Paleon-
tologic Papers 2. 240p. 13p!. Dec. 1901. oc.

Contents: Ruedemann, Rudolf. Trenton Conglomerate of Rysedorph Hill.
Clarke, J: M. Limestones of Central and Western New York Interbedded with Bituminous
Shales of the Marcellus Stage.
Wood, Elvira. Marcellus Limestones of Lancaster, Erie Co. N. WG
Clarke, J: M. New Agelacrinites.
— Value of Amnigenia as an Indicator of Fresh-water Deposits during the Devonic of New
York, Ireland and the Rhineland.

Pa6 (52) Clarke, J: M. Report of the State Paleontologist 1901. 280op. il.
opl. map, I tab. July 1902. 4oc.

Pa? (683) —— Stratigraphy of Canandaigua and Naples Quadrangles. 78p.
imMape. JimMellQo4e 5G.

Pas (65) Catalogue of Type Specimens of Paleozoic Fossils in the New
York State Museum. 848p. May 1903. $1.20, cloth.

Pa9 (69) —— Report of the State Paleontologist 1902. 464p. 52pl. 8 maps.
Nov. 1903. $1, cloth.

Pal0 —— Report of the State Paleontologist 1903. In press.

Zoology. Z1(1) Marshall, W: B. Preliminary List of New York Unioni-
dae. 20p. Mar. 1802. 5c.

Z2 (9) —— Beaks of Unionidae Inhabiting the Vicinity of Albany, N. y.
24p. Ipl. Aug. 1890. rec.

Z3 (29) Miller, Gus jr. Preliminary List of New York Mammals. 124p.
Oct. 1899. 5c.

‘Z4 (33) Farr, M. S. Check List of New York Birds. 224p. Ap. 1900. 25c.

Z5 (38) Miller, G. S. jr. Key to the Land Mammals of Northeastern North
America. 1060p. Oct. 1900. 5c.

Z6 (40) Simpson, G: B. Anatomy and Physiology of Polygyra albolabris
and Limax maximus and Embryology of Limax maximus. 82p. 28pl.
Oct. I90I. 25c.

27 (483) Kellogg, J. L. Clam and Scallop Industries of New York. 36p.
2pl. map. Ap. I90I. Joc.

Z8 (51) Eckel, E. C. & Paulmier, F, C. Catalogue of Reptiles and Batrach-
ians of New York. 64p. il. ipl. Ap. 1902. 15¢c.

Eckel, E. C. Serpents of Northeastern United States.
Paulmier, F.C. Lizards, Tortoises and Batrachians of New York.

Z9 (60) Bean, T. H. Catalogue of the Fishes of New York. cone Feb.
1903. $r, cloth.

Z10 (71) Kellogg, J. L. Feeding Habits and Growth of Venus. mercenaria.
30p. 4pl. Sep. 1903. oc.

Farr, M. S. Birds of New York. Jn preparation.

Letson, Elizabeth J. Catalogue of New York Mollusca. In preparation.

Entomology. Enl (5) Lintner, J. A. White Grub of the May Beetle. 32p.
il. Nov. 1888. oc.

En2 (6) —— Cut-worms. 36p. il. Nov. 1888. oc.

Ens (138) —— San José Scale and Some Destructive Insects of New York

State. 54p. 7pl. Ap. 1895. 14.

En4 (20) Felt, E. P. Elm-leaf Beetle in New York State. 46p. il. 5pl.
June 1898. 5c.

See Ents.
End (23) —— 14th Report of the State Entomologist 1898. rI5op. il. gpl.
Dec. 1808. 200.
En6 (24) —— Memorial of the Life and Entomologic Work of J. A. Lint-

ner Ph.D. State: Entomologist 1874-98; Index to Entomologist’s Re-
ports I-13. 316p. Ipl. Oct. 1899. 35¢c.

Supplement to r4th report of the state entomologist.

En7 (26) Collection, Preservation and Distribution of New York In-
sects. 36p. il. Ap. 1899. Sc.

En8 (27) —— Shade Tree Pests in New York State. 26p. il. 5pl. May
1899. 5c.

En9 (31) —— 15th Report of the State Entomologist 1899. 128p. June
1900. I5¢.

En10 (36) —— 16th Report of the State Entomologist 1900. 118p. 16pl.

Mar. 1901. 25c.

UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

En11 (37) Catalogue of Some of the More Important Injurious and
Beneficial Insects of New York State. 54p. il. Sep. 1900. Joc.

Enl2 (46) Scale Insects of Importance and a List of the Species in
New York State. o4p. il. 15pl. June 1901. 25¢.

En13 (47) Needham, J. G. & Betten, Cornelius. Aquatic Insects in the
Adirondacks. 234p. il. 26pl. Sep. I90r. 45c.
Enl4 (53) Felt, E. P. 17th Report of the State Entomologist 1901. 232p.

il. 6pl. Aug. 1902. 30c.
En15 (57) —- Elm Leaf Beetle in New York State. 46p. il. 8pl. Aug.
1902. I5c.
This is a revision of En4 containing the more essential facts observed since that was prepared.

me eO Grapevine Root Worm. 4op. 6pl. Dec. 1902. r5¢.
ee Enio. :
Enl7 (64) —— 18th Report of the State Entomologist 1902. 4110p. 6pl.

May 1903. 20¢.

En18 (68) Needham, J. G. & others. Aquatic Insects in New York. 322p.
5s2pl. Aug. 1903, Soc, cloth. f
Enl9 (72) Felt, . P. Grapevine Root Worm. 58p. 13pl. Nov. 1903. 20¢.
This is a revision Le Eni6 containing the more essenti:l facts observed since that was prepared.
cua sg Felt, E. P. & Joutel, L. H. Monograph of the Genus Saperda.

p. T4pl. June 1904. 25¢.
‘init a Felt, E. P. roth Report of the State Entomologist 1903. 150p. 4pl.
1904. I5¢c.
— Mosquitos or Culicidae of New York. Jn press.
Botany. Bol (2) Peck, C: H. Contributions to the Botany of the State of
New York. 66p. 2pl. May 1887. Out of print.

Bo2 (8) Boleti of the United States. 96p. Sep. 1889. [50c]

Bo3 (25) —— Report of the State Botanist 1898. 76p. 5pl. Oct. 1800.
Out of print.

Bo4 (28) —— Plants of North Elba. 206p. map. June 1899. 20c.

Bod (54) —— Report of the State Botanist 1901. 58p. 7pl. Nov. 1902. 40c.

Bo6 (67) —— Report of the State Botanist 1902. 196p. 5pl. May 1903. 5oc.

Bo? (75) —— Report of the State Botanist 1903. 7op. 4pl. 1904. 40c.

Archeology. Arl1 (16) Beauchamp, W: M. Aboriginal Chipped Stone Im-
plements of New York. S86p. 23pl. Oct. 1897. 25c.

Ar2 (18) Polished Stone Articles used by the New York Aborigines.
To4p. 35pl. Nov. 1897. 25c.

Ar3 (22) —— Earthenware of the New York Aborigines. 78p. 33pl. Oct.
1898. 25¢.

Ar4 (32) — Aboriginal Occupation of New York. 1gop. 16pl. 2 maps.
Mar. 1900. 30c.

Ar5 (41) ——- Wampum and Shell Articles used by New York Indians. 166p.

28pl. Mar. 1901. 30c.

Aré6 (50) Horn and Bone Implements of the New York Indians. 112p.
43pl. Mar. 1902. 30c.

Ar? (55) Metallic Implements of the New York Indians. 94p. 38pl.

- June 1902. 25c.

Ar8 (73) —— Metallic Ornaments of the New York Indians. 122p. 37pl.-

Dec. 1903. 36c.

History of the New York Iroquois. Jn press.

Perch Lake Mounds. Jn press.

—— Aboriginal Use of Wood in New York. In press.

Miscellaneous. Msl (62) Merrill, F: J. H. Directory of Natural History
Museums in United States and Canada. 236p. Ap. 1903. 30c.

Ms2 (66) Ellis, Mary. Index to Publications of the New York State Natural
History Survey and New York State Museum mae T1902. 418p. June
1903. 75c, cloth.

Museum memoirs 188o-date. Q.

1 Beecher, C: E. & Clarke, J: M. Development of some Silurian Brachi-
opoda. o96p. Spl. Oct. 1889. Out of print.

2 Hall, James & Clarke, J: M. Paleozoic Reticulate Sponges. 35op. il. 7opl.
1808. $1, cloth.

3 Clarke, J: M. The Oriskany Fauna of Becraft Mountain, Columbia Co.
N. Y. 128p. opl. Oct. 1900. Soc.

Ar9

MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS
(continued )

4 Peck, C: H. N. Y. Edible Fungi, 1895-99. 106p. 25pl. Nov. 1900. 75¢.
This includes revised descriptions and illustrations of fungi Teen in the goth, 51st and sad
reports of the state botanist.

5 Clarke, J: M. & Ruedemann, Rudolf. Guelph Formation and Fauna of
New York State. iIo6p. 21pl. July 1903. $1.50, cloth.
6 —— Naples Fauna in Western New York. 268p. 26pl. map. $2, cloth.
7 Ruedemann; Rudolf. Graptolites of New York. Pt1 Graptolites of the
j Lower Beds. In press.
Felt, E. P. Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees. In preparation.

Natural history of New York. 3ov. il. pl. maps. Q. Albany 1842-94.

DIVISION I zooLOGy. De Kay, James E. Zoology of New York; or, The
New York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals
hitherto observed within the State of New York with brief notices of
those occasionally found near its pores and accompanied by appropri-
ate illustrations. 5v. il. pl.-maps. sq. Q. Albany 1842-44. Out of print.

Historical introduction to the series by Gov. we eit Seward. 178p.

v.I ptt Mammalia. 13+146p. 33pl. 1842.

300 copies with hand-colored plates.

v.2 pt2 Birds. 12+380p. 141pl. 1844.

Colored plates. ‘ -

v.3 pt3 Reptiles and Amphibia. 7+o8p. pt4 Fishes. iI5+415p. 1842.
pt3-4 bound together.

v.4 Plates to accompany v. 3. Reptiles and Amphibia 23pl. Fishes 7opl.
1842.

i copies with hand-colored plates.

v.5 pt5 Mollusca. 4+271p: 4opl. pt6 Crustacea. 7op. 13pl. 1843-44.
Hand-colored plates : pts-6 bound together.

DIVISION 2 BOTANY. Torrey, John. Flora of the State of New York; com-
prising full descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hith-
erto discovered in the State, with remarks on their economical-and med-
ical properties. av. il. pl. sq. QO. Albany 1843. Out of print.

v.I Flora of the State of New. York. 12t484p..72pl. 1843.

300 copies with hand-colored plates.

v.2 Flora of the State of New York. 572p. 8opl. 1843.
300 copies with hand-colored plates.

DIVISION 3 MINERALOGY. Beck, Lewis C. Mineralogy of New York; com-
prising detailed descriptions ‘of the minerals hitherto found in the State
of New York, and notices of their uses in the arts and agriculture. il. pl.
sq. Q. Albany 1842. Out of print. f

v.1 ptt Economical Mineralogy. pt2 Descriptive Mineralogy. 24+536p.
1842.
anes additional to those printed as part of the text.

DIVISION 4 GEOLOGY. Mather, W: W.; Emmons, Ebenezer; Vanuxem, Lard-
ner & Hall, James. Geology of New York. AV. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany
1842-43. Out of print.

v.t ptr Mather, W: W. First Geological District. 37+653p. 46pl. 1843.

Va2 ae Emmons, Ebenezer. Second Geological District 10+437p. I7pl.
1842.

v. 3 pt3 Vanuxem, Lardner. Third Geological District. Se 1842.

v.4 pd Hall, James. Fourth Geological District. 22+683p. r9pl. map.

Bi 1043.

DIVISION 5 AGRICULTURE. Emmons, Ebenezer. Agriculture of New York;
comprising an account of the classification, composition and distribution
of the soils and rocks and the natural waters of the different geological
formations, together with a condensed view of the meteorology and agri-
ee productions of the State. 5v. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1846-54. Out
of print.

V. ee of the State, their Composition and Distribution. 11+37Ip. -21pl.
I

v. 2 Analysis of Soils, Plants, Cereals, etc. 8+343+46p. 42pl. 1840.

With hand-colored plates.

UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

v.3 Fruits, etc. 8+340p. 1851.
v.4 Plates to accompany v. 3. ospl.. 1851.

and-colured

Vv. S. Insects Injurious to Agriculture. 8+272p. sopl. 1854.
ith hand-colored plates.

DIVISION 6 PALEONTOLOGY. Hall, James. Palacontolgey, of New York. _ 8v.

il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1847-94. Bound in cloth.

v.1 Organic Remains of the Lower Division of the New York System.
23+338p. oopl. 1847. Out of print.

v.2 Organic Remains of Lower Middle Division of the New York System.
8+362p. ro4pl. 1852. Out of print.

v.3 Organic Remains of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany
Sandstone. pti, text. 12+532p. 1859. [$3.50] °

—— pt2, 143pl. 1861. [$2.50]

v.4 Fossil Brachiopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and
Chemung Groups. 11+1+428p. 99pl. 1867. $2.50.

v.5 pti lLamellibranchiata 1. Monomyaria of the Upper Helderberg,

Hamilton and Chemung Groups. 18+268p. 45pl. 1884. $2.50.

—— —— Lamellibranchiata 2. Dimyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Ham-
ilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 62+293p. 51pl. 1885. $2.50.

— pt2 Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Upper Helder-
berg, Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 2v. 1879. v. 1, text.
15+492p._ v. 2, 120pI. $2.50 for 2 v.

v.6 Corals and Bryozoa of the Lower and Upper Helderberg and Hamil-
ton Groups. 24+298p. 67pl. 1887. $2.50.

v.7 Trilobites and other Crustacea of the Oriskany, Upper Helderberg,
Hamilton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill Groups. 64+236p. 46pl. 1888.
Cont. supplement to v. 5, pt2. Pteropoda, Cephalopoda and Annelida.
42p. 18pl. 1888. $2.50.

v.8ptt Introduction to the Study of the Genera of the Paleozoic Brachi-
opoda. 16+367p. 44pl. 1802. $2.50.

—— pt2 Paleozoic Brachiopoda. ae Sapl. 1804. $2.50.

Catalogue of the Cabinet of Natural History of the State of New York and
of the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. 242p. O.
1853.

Handbooks 1893-date. 714x124 cm.

In quantities, r cent for each 16 pages or less. Single copies postpaid as below.

HS New York State Museum. 52p. il.

4C.
Outlines history and work of the museum with list of staff 1902.

H13 Paleontology. .12p. 2c.

Be PN eA tll T
;

Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads: Definition; Relation to

biology; Relation to stratigraphy; BUSCA) of paleontology in New York.

H15 Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New York.
U2Aps WS.

Itineraries of 32 trips covering nearly the entire series of Paleozoic rocks, prepared specially
for the use of teachers and students desiring to acquaint themselves more intimately with the
classic rocks of this State.

H16 Entomology. 1I6p. 2¢.

H17 Economic Geology. 44p. 4c.

H18 Insecticides and Fungicides. 20p. 3c.

H19 Classification of New York Series of Geologic Formations. 32p. 3c.

Maps.. Merrill, F: J. H. Economic and Geologic Map of the State of New :

York ; issued as part of Museum bulletin 15 and the 48th Museum Report,
v. I. 59x67 cm. 1804. Scale 14 miles to 1 inch. Separate edition out of
print.

—— Geologic Map of New York. tgo1. Scale 5 miles to 1 inch. Jn atlas

’ form $3; mounted on rollers $5. Lower Hudson sheet 60c.

The lower Hudson sheet, geologically colored, comprises Rockland, Orange, Dutchess, Put-
nam, Westchester, New York, Richmond, Kings, Queens and Nassau counties, and parts of Sullivan,
Ulster and Suffolk counties; ‘also northeastern New Jersey and part of western Connecticut.

1901. Scale 12 miles to I inch, T5c.
Clarke, J: M. & Luther, D. D. Geologic map of Canandaigua and Naples

Quadrangles. 1904. 20¢.
Issued as part of Paleontology 7.

Map of New York showing the Surface Configuration and Water Sheds

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