BULLETIN Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol XXXIV 1939 EDITED BY J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor G. P. ENGELHARDT CARL GEO. SIEPMANN THE SCIENCE PRESS PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA Vol. XXXIV Brooklyn Entomological * Society FEBRUARY, 1939 N°- 1 321020 OF THE BULLETIN PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor CARL GEO. SIEPMANN GEO. P. ENGELHARDT Published for the Society by The Science Press Printing Company, N. Queen St. and McGovern Ave., Lancaster, Pa., Price, 60 cents Subscription, $2.50 per year Mailed February 27, 1939 Entered as second-class matter January under the Act The Brooklyn Entomological Society Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1938 Honorary President CHARLES W. LENG President W. T. DAVIS Vice-President R. R. McElvare Recording Secretary CARL GEO. SIEPMANN Corresponding Secretary FREDERICK LEMMER Treasurer G. P. ENGELHARDT 28 Club way Hartsdale, N. Y. Librarian H. E. WILFORD Curator J. M. SHERIDAN Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences G. P. ENGELHARDT CONTENTS DISTRIBUTION OF GENUS NOTONECTA, Thomas 1 HEMIARGUS ISOLA IN OHIO, Rawson and Thomas 9 HISTER PURPURASCENS IN N. A., Siepmann 10 NEW SPECIES OF BEES OF GENUS DI AD ASIA, Timberlake 11 RENEWALS ...: 16 NEW PARASITIC BEETLE FROM CALIFORNIA, Barber 17 ENNEARTHRON OBLONGUM, Steyskal 20 NEW MIRIDAE FROM N. AM., Knight 21 TWO NEW WESTERN TIGER BEETLES, Cazier 24 PROTECTIVE ODORS AMONG ICHNEUMONIDAE, Townes 29 CENTRAL AMERICAN WASP IN U. S., Bequaert 30 NEW AMERICAN TINGITIDAE, Drake & Poor , 31 ECOLOGY & BIOLOGY OF POLISTES, Rau 36 COLEOPTERA TAKEN BY ENGELHARDT IN ALASKA, Hatch 45 NEOTRIOZELLA, AND A NEW GENUS, Tuthill 51 A RARE HYMENOPTERAN, Greenspan 54 A NEW ANISOSTENA, White 55 UNKIND WORDS ON DESCRIPTIONS, Torre-Bueno 57 KEY TO NEW WORLD AMPHICROSSUS, Parsons 59 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in February, April, June, October and December of each year Subscription price, domestic, $2.50 per year ; foreign, $2.75 in advance ; single copies, 60 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and are solicited. Authors will receive 25 ublication. Address subscriptions and -BUENO, Editor, 311 East 4th St., Tucson , Ariz. BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. XXXIV February, 1939 No. 1 THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS NOTONECTA IN MEXICO. By H. D. Thomas, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan. Mexico, a small country with a great variety of ecological situ- ations, has long provided students of biology with interesting material for thought. It was during the summer of 1936, accom- panied by Doctor Hobart M. Smith, that I made my first entomo- logical collecting trip to this country and gathered specimens from eleven Mexican states. Again, in the summer of 1937, I made a second venture which carried me into five additional states and rewarded me with some ten thousand specimens of aquatic hemiptera. As a result of my association with Doctor H. B. Hungerford at the University of Kansas I had acquired an interest in the water bugs. This together with my first collecting trip aroused my curiosity as to the matter of their geographical distribution. Study of the series of Notonecta taken on these trips as well as of ma- terial from Mexico deposited in the collections at Lawrence to- gether with a survey of the topography of Mexico suggests a possible explanation of the distribution of some of the groups within this genus. In this paper I shall discuss the distribution of four groups, referred to as the mexicana, shoot eri, undulata, and uni- fasciata groups. The mexicana and shooteri groups are composed of individuals decidedly larger and more robust than those of the unifasciata and undulata groups. In coloration they tend to develop patterns of red, grey, tan, black, and white, whereas those of the unifasciata and undulata groups are restricted to black and white with a tiny bit of orange in a few cases. The groups are also differentiated by sharp morphological characters which I need not discuss, as Hungerford has given a rather complete and detailed description of them in his monograph “The Genus Notonecta of the World.” Members of the mexicana group were collected in a great many 2 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society V oh XXXIV places both by myself and numerous other collectors working in Mexico in the past. Text figure I illustrates the distribution of this group as known to date. Members of the shooteri group have been taken in various local- ities as indicated by text figure 2. Members of the undulata group have been taken in various local- ities as indicated in text figure 3. Members of the unifasciata have been taken in various localities as indicated in text figure 4. Carlos Hoffman has divided Mexico into three faunal regions as shown in text figure 5. When one compares the distribution of the various groups with these regions as set forth by Hoffman it is immediately apparent that the mexicana and shooteri groups are restricted to the Region of the North and the Pacific Region, whereas the undulata and unijasciata groups are to be found in all regions. As Hungerford points out the probability is that the subgenus Paranecta is the oldest of the various subgenera of the Notonecta. It is widely distributed in the Western Hemisphere, having 15 Text Figure i. ' 115 ’ HU 104 100* 9i 00 Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 3 Text Figure 2. species in South America and 13 species covering Central America, North America, and Insular America. This points to the proba- bility of Not one eta indica and Not one eta unifasciata, members of this subgenus, having had more time at their disposal in which to migrate and adapt themselves to new and different environments, than has been the lot of the various species of the mexicana and shooteri groups which are of more recent origin. In view of this I suggest that the present area of distribution re- flects the longer period of existence of N. indica and N. unifasciata which has enabled them to adapt themselves to many environments, among them that of Hoffman’s “Region del Golfo.” I further suggest that the more recent origin of the mexicana and shooteri groups has not as yet made it possible for the various species to adapt themselves to the conditions obtaining in the Gulf Region. This, then, brings up two questions : ( 1 ) Where have the mexi- cana and shooteri groups originated? and (2) What are the present day conditions to which they have not as yet adapted themselves It is widely distributed in the Western Hemisphere, having 15 and which consequently act as present barriers or limits of their dispersal. In answer to these questions I submit the following : 4 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv Text Figure 3. It is my opinion that both the mexicana and shoot eri groups have developed as a result of ancestral stock encountering a veritable region of plenty within the southern portions of the Mexican pla- teau. The topography here is such as to provide excellent breeding grounds. The climate throughout the year is fairly mild, and food, which in the case of Notonecta takes the form of a host of tiny crustaceans referred to collectively as the Entomostraca, is ex- tremely abundant. These conditions would afford ample opportun- ity for the great development and species formation exhibited by the mexicana and shooteri groups. I further suggest that the vari- ous species of these two groups are still restricted to these regions by reason of their having not as yet adapted themselves to the less favorable habitats afforded by the topography of other regions, topography which among other things fails to provide so abundant ai supply of food, or so mild a climate. If one will examine the topography of the three regions as des- ignated by Hoffman he will note the following : The Region of the North and the Pacific Region are almost entirely mountain districts Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 5 or high plateau country in which we find an abundance of pools, ponds, and lakes of all sizes. This, however, is not the case when we come to consider the Gulf Region. For the most part the latter is low coastal and low inland territory characterized not by ponds and lakes but by a network of streams through which rushes all the drainage from the eastern plateau region, traveling at great speed during the rainy season and carrying everything before it at times. This region includes most of the states of Vera Cruz, Tabasco, Campeche, and a portion of Tamaulipas as well as Yucatan. It is a fairly well accepted fact that the Entomostraca make up the principal bulk of the food of Notonecta. In his paper, “The Bi- ology and Ecology of Aquatic and Semiaquatic Hemiptera,” which appeared in the Kansas University Science Bulletin for December, 1919, Hungerford writes: . . the intimate ecological connection of these insects (the Notonectidae) with the life of the pool lies in the fact that a large part of the food of the young of all of them, and the adults of Buenoa and Plea, consists of Ostracods and other small Entomostraca.” My experience in collecting in the Region of the North and the Pacific Region has shown me that there the Text Figure 4. 6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV Text Figure 5. Entomostraca attain a great development. Many of the lakes and ponds are literally alive with swarming Cladocera, Copepoda, Os- tracoda, etc. This is not true of the Gulf Region, however. As a general rule I have found the fauna of Entomostraca there ex- tremely poor. The fast-moving streams there seem quite unfavor- able to their development. This distribution of the Entomostraca throughout the three re- gions is what might be suspected in view of what limnologists have to say concerning the habitats of some members of this group. For example, Ward and Whipple state in their book “Fresh Water Biology/’ “The Cladocera are found in all sorts of fresh waters. Lakes and ponds contain a much larger number of forms than do rivers. The shallow, weedy backwaters of a lake whose level is fairly permanent, harbor a greater variety of species than does any other kind of locality.” Concerning Copepoda they write : “Hardly any body of water is without its copepod population, although run- ning waters have a less abundant population than lakes.” With such a distribution of food it is not surprising that only a few species of the genus Notonecta have been taken in the Gulf Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 7 Region. With the exception of Not one eta unifasciata of which I have taken two specimens in the extreme eastern portion of San Luis Potosi, Notonecta indica is the only member of this genus to have established itself within the Gulf Region. As will be re- called, N. indica is a member of the Paranecta, the oldest subgenus of Notonecta. The concept of a group of animals being limited in their distri- bution by the distribution of their food is not at all a new one. Among biologists it is a fairly well-accepted fact that stenophagy (the eating of a few or even only one kind of food) tends to limit distribution of animals. In their book “Ecological Animal Geogra- phy” Hesse, Allee, and Schmidt state, “The bird called the nut- cracker in Siberia is limited to the occurrence of the nut pine, while the omnivorous raven ranges almost from pole to equator. The distribution of the green sea urchin coincides with that of the hy- droids which constitute its food. The Euphorbia sphinx would have a much wider distribution if its caterpillar were not strictly limited to a single genus of plants ; it was unknown at Gottingen until Euphorbia was planted in the Botanical Garden, when it ap- peared at once.” I therefore suggest that the explanation of the distribution of Notonecta in Mexico lies partly in the topography of the country which governs to a large extent the distribution of their food. By providing many ponds, lakes, and other permanent and semi- permanent bodies of non-running water in which the Entomostraca develop in large numbers the topography of the Region of the North and the Pacific Region creates an excellent habitat for the development of Notonecta. The almost superabundance of food in some of the localities I have visited in these regions suggests to my mind a condition very favorable to the development of the large and robust bodies of the members of the mexicana and shoot- eri groups. It also appears that the scarceness of food in the Gulf Region, which is again a function of the topography, excludes all save a few stragglers from the undulata group which may possibly have become less stenophagous or adapted themselves to a lower food requirement during their relatively longer period of existence. That a group of animals can adapt itself physiologically to a lower food supply than that which is utilized by its close relatives is evidenced by the fact that the Chinese, a race dwelling in a land where food is scarce, exhibit a basal metabolic rate which averages ten per cent below that of Europeans, Americans, and negroes. (American Journal of Physiology, 73, 449, 1925; Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 11, 342, 1926). 8 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv At present it appears that the mexicana and shooteri groups are limited by thermal factors so far as their northward dispersal is concerned. This is suggested by their northernmost habitats coin- ciding approximately with the southernmost points reached by the severe blizzards and general frigid weather within the United States. I refer to such localities as Cochise County, Arizona ; Las Cruces, New Mexico; San Diego, California; and Valentine County, Texas. In conclusion I suggest that the present direction of dispersal of these two groups is to the south, as a spread in this direction would involve neither of the two barriers I have mentioned, i.e., food in the East and temperature in the North. By following the plateau country of Central America these species might continue to en- counter suitable breeding grounds. This suggestion is substanti- ated somewhat by the record of two species of the shooteri group and one species of the mexicana group from Bogota, Colombia, and of a species of the mexicana group from Costa Rica together with a subspecies of this same species recorded from El Salvador. With the exception of a not yet confirmed report of a member of the mexicana group (personal communication from the collector) at Hacienda La Libertad on the boundary of Guatemala and Mexico these constitute the only known records of these groups having been taken south of the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Bibliography Hesse, Allee, and Schmidt. “Ecological Animal Geography,” John Wiley & Sons, 1937. Hoffman, Carlos. 1933. “La Fauna de Lepidopteros del Dis- tricto del Soconusco (Chiapas)”; Annales del Instituto de Biologia: Tomo 4., pp. 207-307, 1933. Hungerford, H. B. 1919. “The Biology and Ecology of Aquatic and Semi-Aquatic Hemiptera” ; Univ. of Kansas Sci. Bull., Vol. XI, Dec. 1919. Hungerford, H. B. 1933. “The Genus Notonecta of the World” : Univ. of Kansas Sci. Bull., Vol. XXI, March 15, 1933. Ward and Whipple. “Fresh Water Biology”: John Wiley & Sons, 1918. Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 9 THE OCCURRENCE OF HEMIARGUS ISOLA (REAKIRT) IN NORTHERN OHIO. G. W. Rawson, Detroit, Michigan, and John S. Thomas, Columbus, Ohio. The occurrence of insects in territory out of their usual range is an experience met with by practically all field entomologists. However, the occurrence of “Reakirt’s Blue,” Hemiargus isola (Reakirt) in Northern Ohio is not only a new state record, but is so unusual that we thought the facts worthy of recording. Hemiargus isola , according to Dr. John A. Comstock in his But- terflies of California, occupies a wide territory, extending from Southern California eastward to Illinois and south to Texas. On Saturday, July 25, 1937, a party consisting of Mr. Edward S. Thomas and Mr. John S. Thomas, of the Ohio State Museum, Mr. Joseph Enke of Columbus and G. W. Rawson and Mr. Albert Bender of Detroit, met in what are called “The Oak Openings,” near the village of Holland (Lucas County), Ohio, about seven miles west of the city of Toledo. The principal object of our search was “Scudder’s Blue,” Plebeius scudderi (Edwards), a few of which had been taken the previous year in this locality. Shortly after commencing the search for this species, John Thomas took an unfamiliar lycaenid that was later identified as Hemiargus isola. Naturally, the taking of something so unusual caused great excitement and intensified our search for more speci- mens. About half an hour later John Thomas took another speci- men of isola , not far away from where the first had been captured. The next day, the party continued the search in the sand pit, with the result that the senior writer (G. W. R.) had the good fortune to secure a third specimen of isola near the same area in the sand pit where the other two specimens had been found the previous day. Further search was terminated soon after by heavy and continuous rain that lasted all day. The “Oak Openings” region is an area of fossil sand dunes at the western boundary of post-glacial Lake Warren. The “Sand Pit” is a depression caused by the excavation of sand, made years ago for a railroad fill, resulting in the rejuvenation of the ancient dune. There is now a large area of raw, shifting sands, with a wealth of unusual dune plants. The specimens of isola were in an area of raw sand, sparsely vegetated with scrubby, dry soil willows and other sand plants. 10 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV The entire Oak Openings region is noteworthy for the abundance of plants characteristic of our western prairies and sand areas. Mr. Edward Thomas has found in the area a number of species of Orthoptera and other insects which are not known to occur else- where in Ohio, all of which are of western or northwestern origin. It is the only known Ohio station for such butterflies as Incisalia irus (Godart), Plebeius scudderi (Edwards), He odes helloides (Boisduval) and Strymon edwardsi (Saunders). Specimens of the foregoing species, collected by John Thomas, Edward Thomas and Charles F. Walker are in the collection of the Ohio State Mu- seum. Two of the specimens of isola are in the same institution ; the third is in the collection of the senior writer. The fact that three specimens of isola were taken in the same area would indicate that these were not merely strays, but had actually been bred in the neighborhood. The writers hope to search this area again next year with the object of determining whether isola shall have been able to with- stand the winter of Northern Ohio. As very little seems to be known about the limits of the range of Hemiargus isola , it would be interesting to hear from other col- lectors who may have found this species in states other than those in which it is generally supposed to occur. Hister purpurascens Recorded from North America (Cole- optera, Histeridae). — Hister ( Paralister ) purpurascens Herbst. is a common species throughout Europe, where it occurs on excre- ment. I record it from North America on the basis of a single specimen taken by Mr. Klages at Pittsburgh, Pa. While the species may not be established in the United States, collectors should be on the lookout for it. H. purpurascens belongs to the foedatus group of Hister as de- fined by Horn (Subgenus Paralister Bickh.). The specimen from Pittsburgh has a large indefinite reddish spot covering most of the elytra, somewhat suggesting an immature specimen, and this is the usual color of this species in Europe. Entirely black specimens also occur, but they are not common. I have examined a large series of this species from Europe, with which the Pittsburgh speci- men agrees in color and structural details. The most obvious character distinguishing this species is its color. Additional charac- ters for the separation of this species from its allies will be given in a paper on the foedatus group of Hister which is in preparation. — Carl G. Siepmann, Rahway, N. J. Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 11 NEW SPECIES OF BEES OF THE GENUS DIADASIA FROM CALIFORNIA (HYMENOPTERA, APOIDEA). By P. H. Timberlake, Riverside, California. The types of the following new species and subspecies of Diadasia are in the collection of the Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California. Diadasia consociata n. sp. Allied to D. nitidifrons Ckll., but differs in being smaller and in having the basal area of propodeum polished, the hair of abdomen shorter and much more depressed. From D. diminuta (Cress.) it differs in having black hair at base of tergites in both sexes. Male. — Black, the tarsi and apex of tibiae dark ferruginous, the spurs a little paler. Flagellum more or less reddish be- neath. Tegulae slightly rufescent. Wings dusky hyaline, the venation almost black. Head much broader than long, the inner orbits diverging above. Third antennal joint a little shorter than 4+5. Middle joints of flagellum as long as wide. Clypeus and face finely, closely punctured. Nude upper part of frons and vertex polished, nearly impunctate, except middle of vertex behind the ocelli. Mesoscutum, scutellum and pleura only slightly more sparsely punctured than clypeus. Basal area of propodeum polished. Middle and hind femora and tibiae moderately incrassate. Hind tibiae with a small rounded lobe at apex beneath over insertion of spurs. Apical teeth of seventh tergite slender, spine-like, rather widely separated. Pubescence ochraceous, becoming whitish on face, on under parts and on legs, dense on face, pleura, outer side of tibiae and basitarsi, and shorter and thinner on mesonotum. Area between upper ends of eyes almost nude. Hair on inner side of hind tarsi ferruginous. Hair of abdomen subdepressed, rather dense, longer and erect on tergite 1 except at apex. Hair of disk of tergites 2 to 7 black, that at apex of 1 to 6 denser, pale ochraceous or whitish, forming a rather narrow band, somewhat broadened on middle of 2. Hair of venter light, except on segments 3 to 5, where it is fuscous, but leav- ing a pale apical fringe. Apex of ventrite 6 with a short dense tuft of fuscous hair, emarginate in front, or almost divided into 12 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXir two tufts, the segment normally retracted so that only the hairy part is exposed by a broad rounded emargination of apical margin of preceding segment. Length, 6-8 mm. ; anterior wing, 4.8-5. 7 mm. Female. — Similar to male. Antennae a little shorter, the middle joints of flagellum broader than long. Clypeus dull- ish, finely roughened, finely, obscurely and closely punctured, with some large punctures interspersed. Mesopleura slightly more coarsely and more sparsely punctured than mesoscutum. Pubescence more ochraceous. Hair of posterior two-thirds of mesoscutum short, appressed, rather thin and well exposing the surface. Hair of scutellum similar, but longer, dense and erect on each side. Hair of abdomen appressed, except at base of tergite 1, that on basal half of tergites 2 to 5, apical margins of 5 and on sides of 6, black. Apical band on tergites 1 to 4 pale ochraceous or whitish, broad, sharply defined an- teriorly and somewhat broadened in middle on 2 to 4. Ter- gite 5 with light hair except at base and apex. Hair of venter mainly black and thin, but denser on two penultimate seg- ments. Hair of legs mainly pale ochraceous, that on inner side of middle and hind basitarsi black, of front basitarsi reddish. Scopa of hind legs and hair on under side of front femora moderately dense. Length, 6.5-8 mm. ; anterior wing, 5-6 mm. Holotype male and allotype, Blythe, California, at flowers of Lippia nodiflora, July 15, 1938 (Timberlake) . Also the following paratypes: 3 males, 54 females, taken with the types, July 15 and 16; 1 male, Blythe, Nov. 2, 1936 (C. M. Dammers) ; 13 females, Blythe, on Sphaeralcea emoryi, Nov. 22, 1936 (Timberlake) ; 30 males, 9 females, Blythe, at nests in ground, July 15, 1938 (Dam- mers) ; 3 males, 15 females, Blythe, Aug. 13, 1938 (G. P. .Engel - hardt), in U. S. National Museum; 2 males, La Posta, San Diego County, June 18, 1938 (Dammers) ; 1 male, near Strathmore, Tulare County, on Centromadia pungens, Sept. 30, 1935 (Timber- lake) ; 1 male, Temecula, Riverside County, on Heliotr opium curassavicum , Sept. 9, 1938 (Timberlake) ; 4 males, 10 females, East Whittier, Los Angeles County, on Frankenia grandifolia, Aug. 4, 1929 (Timberlake) and 1 female, Indian school, Pyramid Lake, Nevada, July, 1911 (J. M. Aldrich). The following variations have been noted : The abdominal bands of the female may be narrower and even, but this is apparently due to wear. The mandibles are often reddish at the middle. Some- F eb. ,1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 13 times the legs and abdomen are more or less, or entirely, ferrugi- nous in females from the type locality and the venter is more or less suffused with this color even in darker specimens. Specimens from the cismontane area have the basal area of propodeum deli- cately tessellate but shiny, the tegulae paler, and no black hair at base of tergite 2 in the male. Diadasia tuberculifrons n. sp. Allied to D. sphaeralcearum Ckll., but easily distinguished by the larger size and the two shining rounded bosses on the frons. Male. — Black, the tarsi rufescent, except claw joint. Man- dibles reddish at middle. Apical margin of tergites I to 6 moderately broadly whitish hyaline. Spurs pale ferruginous. Tegulae ferruginous, with a fuscous spot at base anteriorly. Wings somewhat dusky, the veins dark, slightly tinged with reddish. Stigma, except margins, and costal vein especially toward the base, ferruginous. Head much broader than long, the inner orbits strongly divergent above. Frons with a large rounded boss on each side of middle, just in front of ocelli. Third antennal joint shorter than 4+5. Middle joints of flagellum hardly longer than wide. Clypeus and face finely, closely punctured. Nude part of frons and vertex polished, almost impunctate, but the thinly hairy area behind ocelli minutely punctured. Mesoscutum and scutellum shining, mi- nutely punctured, the punctures well separated. Mesopleura slightly more strongly punctured than scutum. Basal area of propodeum polished. Middle and hind femora and tibiae moderately incrassate. Hind tibiae without a projecting lobe at apex beneath. Apical teeth of tergite 7 small, almost as long as wide, with a round sinus between them. (In Arizona paratype these teeth are coarser and closer together.) Pubes- cence ochraceous, whiter beneath and on legs, dense on face and abdomen. Area between upper ends of eyes nude. Hair of mesonotum, except anteriorly, and of middle and hind legs, except tibiae and basitarsi, thin. Hair of tergites appressed, no denser at the apices, but the whitened integument imparts a band-like appearance. Hair of first tergite, except on apical margin, longer and erect, as to a less degree it is also on lateral margins of following segments. Hair of venter subappressed, becoming dense on apical part of ventrite 5. Ventrite 6 with short erect pile at apex and base, that at base becoming longer on each side to form a dense tuft. Hair on inner side of front 14 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.zxxiv and hind basitarsi ferruginous. Length, 6.75-8 mm. ; anterior wing, 6-6.5 mm- Female. — Similar to the male. Flagellum slightly rufescent beneath, the middle joints much broader than long. Third antennal joint equalling 4+5. Clypeus with a few coarser punctures interspersed. Scutellum and anterior third of meso- scutum rather closely punctured. Pubescence brighter ochra- ceous, especially on mesonotum and abdomen. Hair of face below antennae subappressed, soon wearing away on clypeus. Hair of scutellum and of anterior third and margins of meso- scutum rather dense, and subappressed except on anterior part of scutum. Hair of tergites uniformly dense and appressed, except that it is longer and erect at base of tergite 1 . Hair of venter thin, ferruginous on the disk of segments 4 and 5, which have a dense whitish apical fringe. Hair of tergite 6, at apex of tergite 5 and on inner side of basitarsi, ferruginous. Scopa of hind legs and hair on under side of front femora moderately dense. Length, 7-8.5 mm. ; anterior wing, 5. 9-6. 8 111m. Described from 2 males, 20 females (holotype male, allotype and paratypes) collected at flowers of Sphaeralcea orcutti, near West- moreland, Imperial County, California, May 31, 1930; and 1 male (paratype), Tolleson, Arizona, on Sphaeralcea, May 29, 1933 (Timberlake). Diadasia sphaeralcearum affinis n. subsp. Male. — Like the type of D. sphaeralcearum Ckll., except that the basal area of propodeum is tessellate and dullish, instead of polished. The genitalia of the two subspecies agree closely. In affinis the dilation of the sagittae, ending basad on each side in a strong angular projection, is preceded by a small distinct semicircular notch which makes the angular projection more prominent. In sphaeralcearum this notch is broader and much shallower. Sixth ventrite in both subspecies covered with thin short pile, becoming denser at base and forming on each side a dense tuft. Apex of hind tibiae beneath without a lobe over base of spurs. Length, 6. 5-7. 5 mm. ; anterior wing, 4.8-6 mm. Female. — Typical sphaeralcearum not at hand for compari- son, but presumably the main difference will lie in the dull basal area of propodeum in affinis. Affinis closely resembles D. tuberculifrons Timb., but is smaller, less robust, lacks the two shining bosses on the frons and has the puncturation of head and thorax fine rather than minute. Punctures on pos- F eb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 15 terior middle of mesoscutum and on disk of scutellum rather . sparse, those on anterior half of scutum stronger and closer. Length, 7-8 mm. ; anterior wing, 5. 5-6.3 mm. Holotype male and allotype collected near Westmoreland, Im- perial County, California, at flowers of Sphaeralcea orcutti, May 31, 1930 (Timberlake) . Also the following paratypes: 3 males, 4 females, taken with the types ; 4 males, 4 females, Tolleson, Ari- zona, on Sphaeralcea, May 28-29, 1933 (Timberlake) ; 1 male, 13 females, Blythe, California, Oct. 16, 1934 (C. M. Dammers) ; 2 males, 42 females, Blythe, Nov. 2, 1936, mostly at nests in ground (Dammers) ; 3 males, 6 females, Blythe, on Sphaeralcea emoryi and one at nest in ground, Nov. 22, 1936 (Timberlake) ; and 4 males, 9 females, Blythe, on Sphaeralcea emoryi, July 15-16, 1938 (Timberlake). Diadasia angusticeps n. sp. By having the head as long as wide and the inner orbits hardly divergent above, this species shows similarity to D. bitub erculata (Cress.), but is otherwise quite different. By the male genitalia it shows relationship to D. tuberculijrons Timb., D. sphaeralcearum Ckll., D. vallicola Timb. and D. afflicta (Cress.), but differs in having black hair on the disks of tergites 2 to 6 as well as in the shape of the head. The head appears to be slightly longer than wide, but measurements show that the length and width are about equal. Male. — Black, the spurs and tarsi ferruginous. Flagellum somewhat brownish beneath. Tegulae dark castaneous. Wings dusky hyaline, the nervures fuscous, with a reddish tinge. Head as long as wide, the inner orbits very feebly divergent above. Joint 3 of antennae nearly equalling 4+5. Middle joints of flagellum slightly longer than wide. Head and thorax finely, closely punctured. Punctures of vertex somewhat finer, with a small impunctate space on each side, just exterior to lateral ocelli. Basal area of propodeum polished. Middle and hind femora and tibiae moderately in- crassate. Hind tibiae not lobate beneath at apex, and gradu- ally narrowing toward base from the thickest part half-way between middle and apex. Spurs weakly curved at apex. Teeth at apex of tergite 7 small, blunt, rather close together. Pubescence pale ochraceous, paler beneath, moderately long and dense on head and thorax, but area between upper ends 16 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society V 61. XXXIV of eyes nearly nude. Hair on outer side of tibiae dense and subappressed. Hair of abdomen depressed, except on termite i, black on disk of tergites 2 to 6. Apical band on tergites 1 to 6 dense, white, moderately narrow and even, becoming slightly wider on 5 and 6. Hair of tergite 7 brown, paler at apex. Hair of venter mainly whitish. Ventrite 6 with short erect brown pile, becoming longer but not denser on each side near base. Length, 9 mm. ; anterior wing, 6. 8-6. 9 mm. Female. — Similar to male. Antennae shorter, the middle joints of flagellum wider than long. Clypeus considerably more coarsely, subrugosely punctured. Pubescence more ochraceous on frons and mesonotum. Hair on disk of tergites 2 to 4 and at base of 5, black or brown-black, thinner than in male, the surface well exposed and shining. Apical band on 1 to 4, white, moderately narrow, somewhat widened in mid- dle, especially on 4. Apical band on tergite 5 broad, covering about apical half, whitish at sides, otherwise ferruginous, sometimes overlaid with pale ochraceous hairs across the middle. Hair on tergite 6 and venter ferruginous, that on inner side of tarsi a little darker. Scopa pale ochraceous, more or less tinged with brown, especially on basitarsi, rather thin, some of the hairs, including most of those on basitarsi, stiffer and not plumose. Front femora with thin long hair beneath. Length, 8-10 mm. ; anterior wing, 6.8-7 mm- Holotype male and allotype, California Hot Springs, Tulare County, California (E. R. Leach) ; 1 male, 10 females (paratypes) collected with the types; 2 males, 5 females (paratypes), Shasta County (E. R. Leach); and 1 female (paratype), at flowers of Calochortus, near Pinehurst, Sierra Nevada Mountains, 3500-4000 feet, Fresno County, June 12, 1925 (Timberlake). {To be continued.) Renewal subscription blanks submitted, as a matter of routine, with the Bulletin and with Entomologica Americana at the end of each year are intended only as a convenience to our subscribers. When renewals already have been made, they should be disre- garded. Members will be billed separately. Feb., 1989 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 17 A NEW PARASITIC BEETLE FROM CALIFORNIA (RIPIPHORIDAE). By H. S. Barber, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of Agriculture. Many adults of the Ripiphorus below described were seen in a restricted area near Blythe, Calif., in mid-July and again in mid- August, 1938, by Commander C. M. Dammers and Mr. Geo. P. Engelhardt. The latter writes that the bottom lands along the Cali- fornia side of the Colorado River near Blythe are being greatly changed by extensive agricultural development — trees and brush removed, ditches cut, and embankments thrown up by dredges. When the area was visited August 13, 1938, the parasitic beetles and their host bees were flying in abundance and alighting on the tips of a brushy plant, 3 to 5 feet high with inconspicuous flowers, suggestive of Hymenoclea. Courting and mating pairs of the beetles could be seen but there seemed to be several times as many males as females. The bees have been sent to Mr. P. H. Timber- lake and described by him as a new species which he has called Diadasia consociata. They were busily gathering pollen and were easily traced to a nearby sandy clay bank, where their burrows penetrated several inches and yielded pollen-filled cells or bee larvae in various stages, as well as adults of the parasitic beetle with last larval and pupal skins, but living larvae of the parasite were not observed. The excessive heat, 120° F., in the bottom lands near the river discouraged prolonged investigation, but the series of almost 100 Ripiphorus and the data supplied are admirable. In his brief letter transmitting his sample Commander Dammers writes, possibly referring to his visit in July, that the beetles were on plants which were not yet in bloom and which were then not being visited by the bees. Mr. J. C. Bridwell permits me to abstract observations he has been making near Washington, D. C., on another species of Ripi- phorus (probably R. stylopides Newn.) which is parasitic upon Augochlora pura, since they are suggestive of the developmental stages of the western species and show contrast in climatic and en- vironmental adaptations. He has discussed the more or less con- fused and conflicting literature with me and has exhibited most of the larval stages. Fertilized females of this bee hibernate in soft rotten logs and hibernating triungulinids (first-stage larvae) of Ripiphorus attached to their hairs are also found awaiting the nest- making activity of their host. One of them must be left in the 18 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv stored cell when the bee makes and seals it the following spring or summer, and when the larva of the bee is sufficiently grown it enters the body of the grub. There is remains, still in its first- stage larval skin, until the bee larva reaches the prepupal condition, but it becomes so enormously distended that the intersegmental membrane grows to perhaps a hundred times the area of the orig- inal overlapping sclerites. It then cuts its way through one side of the thorax of the larva, and moults but remains attached to its host, curled transversely around its neck. It feeds through the hole made in issuing from its host, usually leaving only the skin of the latter ; then pupates and transforms. Some of the details of this outline have not been personally observed. Apparently, then, the size of the adult parasite should be nearly that of its host which, being standardized by the mass of food stored by the parent bee, will vary but little. But what happens when, or if, some of the multitude of triungulinids attach to other species of bees and may still mature and breed? Their size should be smaller or larger, according to host size, and they would be dif- ficult to recognize as conspecific with a known standard. Such problems confront us in numerous groups of parasitic or highly specialized predators, such as Brachynus, Pyrota, Calogenus, San- dalus / etc., where the larvae may fortuitously attack host species of different sizes, and the taxonomist is apt to find that his samples fall into two or more standards of size. Ripiphorus collected about Washington show enormous range in size but we do not know whether this indicates diverse sizes of hosts or several species each peculiar to a single host. If the latter, one must marvel at the intri- cate selective chemotropic stimuli which should guide the triungu- linids towards success. It is doubtful if such a condition exists. The wastage must be excessive if a diversity of attractive flower visitors deceive their instincts for phoresy. Among the recorded life cycles of ripiphorids compiled and dis- cussed by Balduf, 1935 (Bionom. Entomoph. Coleop., p. 112-114) that of the very strange European genus Metoecus, which is para- sitic in the paper nests of the social wasp Vespa vulgaris , is in- cluded, as Rhipiphorus paradoxus , with the American and the European species of Ripiphorus which parasitize solitary bees. The two genera are very distinct and the acceptance by Schilder, 1924 (Deutsch. Ent. Zeit., p. 237) of the validity of Metoecus Dejean is correct except that he cites the title page date 1833, 1 The possibility that Sandalus represents an ancestral type of the meloid series should be considered from all aspects. Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 19 whereas the third fascicle of the Dejean Catalogue containing this name was published about June, 1834. A male Ripidius pectinicornis Thunb. ( Symbius blattarum Sund.), hitherto unknown in the United States, but parasitic in the common German roach, was found in a fruit-fly trap in Levi County, Fla., April 16, 1930, and it is hoped that an opportunity to restudy its life cycle may be found. Its parasitic habits seem not to have been observed for more than a century and its triungu- linid first-stage larvae are still unknown. Although emendations and reversions to original spelling are annoying because of different positions in indices, the lesser of two evils would seem in general to be the use of the originally proposed spelling. Especially is this desirable in cases where no derivation of the name is offered at time of proposal. To the great majority of users, names have now come to mean nothing more than the zoological unit for which they are the symbol, and relatively few users have sufficient classical experience to be annoyed at the ab- sence of an aspirate in a technical name. This suppression of the harsh sound seems to have been a part of the French phonetic ideal and their spelling of names was by choice. Emendations of these names on the cultural standards of other schools of ancient learn- ing have greatly complicated our already very complex nomencla- ture which is yet but a small fraction of what will be needed. The emendations Rhipidius and Rhipiphorus, and the derivative family name Rhipiphoridae (Gerstaecker, 1855) are here inserted only for cross indexing. In their original publications neither Thunberg nor Bose cited a derivation for the generic names, which they spelled Ripidius and Ripiphorus, and the latter is valid the year previous to the date 1792 which is usually cited. This earlier publication (La Medecine eclairee — Fourcroy’s — Vol. 1. 1791, p. 327) is little more than an advance abstract of the formal paper (Jour. Hist. Nat., Vol. 2, 1792, p. 293 — not seen by the present writer), but contains characterization of the genus based upon specimens taken near Montpellier by Dorthez. The following species is named in appreciation of the energetic entomologist who found and marveled at the first specimen of this odd parasitic beetle. Ripiphorus dammersi, n. sp. Abdomen orange red in both sexes, the first and sometimes the second tergite more or less infuscate ; head and pro-, meso-, and metanotum shining, black above and below, the pronotum often with a pair of lutescent prescutellar spots, upper surface 20 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vo l- XXXIV except the front practically impunctate ; elytra yellow, smooth, shining, impunctate; antennae of male yellow, the long com- pressed rami feebly infuscate apically; antennae of female black ; legs yellow, the middle femora usually infuscate at base and the hind legs mostly brown except apices or outer edges of the joints, which are pale; wings conspicuously infuscate from before middle nearly to apex. Length 4.5-6 mm. The type series of nearly a hundred specimens was collected at Blythe, Calif., July 15, 1938, by C. M. Dammers (13 c?, 1 $) and August 13, 1938, by G. P. Engelhardt and C. M. Dammers (73 10?). Holotype and 56 paratypes (50^, 6 5)- — U. S. National Mu- seum, No. 53082. Other paratypes returned to Commander Dam- mers and Geo. P. Engelhardt. This species displays characteristics which lead through the key in the revision by Rivnay, 1929 (Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc., No. 6, pp. 42 and 54) to the four species having the pronotum impunctate and forming group popenoei, from all of which it differs in color and in its much smaller size. This varies but little in the type series and the size differences, as indicated in the above-measured lengths, are deceptive because various postures of the specimens permit no standard of entire length. Some variation in color is evident in the type series, chiefly in the gradational appearance of a triangular yellow area on sides of the black metasternum behind the middle coxae. The prescutellar spots are often obsolete, and the infuscation of the bilobed first abdominal tergite, which usually consists of four dark spots, may be suppressed or may enlarge nearly to cover this sclerite. In the latter condition a pair of small infuscate spots are sometimes present on the second tergite also. Ennearthron oblongum (E. oblongus Blatchley, Beetles of Indi- ana), a little representative of the beetle family Ciidae, 1-1.5 mm. long, was found abundant in Polyporus bracket fungus at Detroit, Mich., April 27, 1938. This little fellow has horns on both the head and thorax. — Geo. Steyskal, Detroit, Mich. Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 21 THREE NEW SPECIES OF MIRIDAE FROM NORTH AMERICA (HEMIPTERA). By Harry H. Knight, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. The species here described have been in the author’s collection for some years but the miscellaneous description of species has always been deferred in favor of more important revisions of genera. The need for names in other publications, particularly the “Miridae of Illinois,” requires that names be established. Neolygus carpini n. sp. Runs to ostryae Kngt. in my key (Hem. Conn., 1923, p. 581) but distinguished by the smaller size and shorter, differently shaped prongs on the male genital claspers. Male. — Length 4.7 mm., width 2 mm. Head: width .99 mm., vertex .346 mm. Rostrum, length 1.9 mm., extending slightly beyond hind margins of posterior coxae, yellowish, apex brownish. Antennae : segment I, length .65 mm., pale ; II, 1.8 mm., pale, apical one-third black; III, 1.12 mm., yel- lowish, fuscous apically ; IV, .69 mm., fuscous. Pronotum : length .95 mm., width at base 1.64 mm.; yellowish green and tinged with brown but without definite streaks or vittae. Scu- tellum yellowish brown, scarcely darker at the sides. Hem- elytra yellowish translucent, clavus evenly shaded with brown- ish, apical area of corium with dark brown ; cuneus uniformly translucent, scarcely tinged with yellowish. Membrane and veins rather uniformly fuscous brown. Body beneath pale to yellowish, a fuscous band along lateral margins of venter, also extending across pleura of the thorax. Legs yellowish to brown ; femora uniformly brownish, without bands, although the apices are paler ; tibiae pale yellowish, spines brown ; tarsi brownish, apices fuscous. Female. — Length 5 mm., width 2.16 mm. Head: width .96 mm., vertex .37 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .58 mm.; II, 1.86 mm., yellowish, apical one-third black; III, 1.08 mm.; IV, .69 mm. Pronotum: length .95 mm., width at base 1.73 mm. More robust than the male but very similar in color and pubescence. Holotype: J', June 12, 1922, Faribault, Minnesota (H. H. Knight) ; author’s collection. Allotype: same data as the type. 22 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV Paratypes: 5 J1, 5 J, taken with the types. Iowa — J', July 11, 25 Juty 12> !9 27, on Carpinus caroliniana; 14^5, June 21, 1928, 2 June 14, 5 J', 45, June 18, 10 July 16, 1929, Ames (H. H. Knight) ; 2 J*, June 11, 1929, Ames (H. B. Mills). Illi- nois— 5^, June 14, 1933, Dolson (Frison & Ross). Lygidea salicis n. sp. Allied to annexus (Uhler) but differs in the longer second an- tennal segment and the shorter, more recumbent pubescence on antennae; segment II equal to (§) or exceeding (J*) width of pro- notum at base. Differs from obscura Reut. in the shorter rostrum. Male. — Length 5.6 mm., width 2.2 mm. Head: width 1.21 mm., vertex .60 mm. Rostrum, length 1.77 mm., just attain- ing posterior margins of middle coxae, pale, apex black. An- tennae : segment I, length .65 mm., black, slender apex pale ; II, 1.99 mm., fusco-brownish, basal one-fourth black, pubes- cence rather short and recumbent ; III, 1 mm., fuscous ; IV, .91 mm., blackish. Pronotum: length 1.02 mm., width at base 1.8 mm.; disk punctate, transversely rugulose; black, collar except behind eyes, median line of disk, two blotches behind outer half of calli, disk of calli, narrow basal margin, dorsal margin and ventral one-third of propleura, pale. Scutellum pale, a wedge-shaped mark each side of median line, brownish black, mesoscutum black. Hemelytra brownish black, embolium except apically, cuneus except reddish spot on apex, pale translucent. Membrane uni- formly dark fuscous, paler bordering apex of cuneus, veins pale. Clavus and corium clothed with pale to silvery, some- what sericeous pubescence. Ventral surface white to yellow- ish, a broad lateral, longitudinal stripe on thoracic pleura and sides of venter, reddish brown to black. Legs pale, hind femora with two, subapical reddish brown annuli, tibial spines yellowish, apical segment of tarsi fuscous. Female. — Length 5.9 mm., width 2.3 mm. Head: width 1.25 mm., vertex .65 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .60 mm., black; II, 1.9 mm., pale, base and apex fuscous to black, more slender than in the male; III, 1.04 mm., fuscous; IV, .95 mm., blackish. Pronotum: length 1.08 mm., width at base 1.88 mm. Very similar to the male in color and pubescence, although more broadly pale on disk of pronotum. Holotype: <$, July 12, 1919, Hennepin Co., Minnesota (H. H. Feb. ,1989 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 23 Knight) ; author’s collection. Allotype: same data as the type. Paratypes: 84 taken with the types on Salix amygdaloides. Minnesota — 2 2, Aug. 20, 1920, 4^, 4$, Aug. 9, 1922, Two Harbors (H. H. Knight) ; J, Aug. 12, 1922, Beaver Dam, Cook Co. (H. H. Knight). Michigan — July 29, 1919, Gogebic Co. (T. H. Hubbell). Illinois — ■J'J, June 30, 1932, Galena (Dozier & Mohr), on Salix. New York — 3 §, Aug. 1, 1913, Batavia (H. H. Knight) ; J1, July 7, 1919, $, July 13, J, July 20, 1920, Cranberry Lake (C. J. Drake), on Salix. Canada — 5, Prince Edward Co., Ontario (Brimley). Parthenicus nigrellus n. sp. Distinguished from other members of the genus by the black color and pale second antennal segment. Male. — Length 3.3 mm., width 1.6 mm. Head: width .73 mm., vertex .34 mm. Rostrum, length 1.4 mm., just attaining hind margins of posterior coxae. Antennae : segment I, length .39 mm., black ; II, 1.18 mm., pale, tinged with reddish; clothed with pale and dusky pubescence; III, .91 mm., pale; IV, .60 mm., fuscous. Pronotum: length .60 mm., width at base 1.25 mm. Form ovate, robust; color fuscous black with a tinge of red in the hypodermis which is more pronounced on ventral sur- face, tips of femora, and base and apex of cuneus ; membrane uniformly fuscous, veins reddish. Legs black, tibiae pale ex- cept basal one-third, tarsi pale, apices fuscous. Clothed with pale to yellowish pubescence and intermixed with silvery, scale- like hairs. Genital claspers distinctive, the right clasper form- ing a V-shaped loop which turns back over middle of genital segment with spatulate apex. Female. — Length 3.5 mm., width 1.7 mm. More robust than the male but very similar in form, color and pubescence. Holotype: <£, July 6, 1929, Ames, Iowa (H. H. Knight) ; author’s collection. Allotype: 5, June 14, 1932, College Station, Texas (H. G. Johnston). Paratypes: <$, 2 J, June 11, 1934, Monticello, Illinois (Frison & DeLong). 24 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV TWO NEW WESTERN TIGER BEETLES, WITH NOTES (COLEOPTERA — CICINDELIDAE). By Mont A. Cazier, University of California. The writer would like to take this opportunity to express his gratitude to Charles W. Leng whose excellent collection largely forms a basis for the writer’s studies in the Cicindelidae. Thanks are also extended to those who contributed specimens recorded in what is to follow, to Dr. E. C. Van Dyke for his advice and encouragement and to R. P. Allen whose collecting ability made possible the new descriptions contained herein. Cicindela alleni sp. nov. Medium sized, shining blue-green, immaculate, bare above, sparsely hairy beneath. Female. — Head with eyes wider than pronotum, bare except for two ocular setae, granulate-strigate, impunctate; front moderately deeply excavated, striae promi- nent : clypeus and genae bare ; labrum wide, produced medially, with a single sharp median tooth, white, narrowly margined with black ; palpi purplish-green, maxillary sparsely hairy, second segment of labial densely hairy; mandibles tridentate, cupreous black with white base ; antennae green, first to fourth segments with prominent terminal setae, bases bare. Thorax bare, about as long as wide, side margins rounded, sub-parallel, slightly narrowing at base, widest at about middle, basal and apical transverse impressions deep, median longitudinal im- pression prominent; middle of disk along impression and side margins transversely strigose, remainder smooth with occa- sional shallow, irregular impressions ; color shining green, faintly sericeous, impressions dark purple. Elytra gradually widening to apical third, evenly rounded to apex, apical mar- gins unserrated; surface uniformly punctate throughout, punc- tures separated by about their own widths, basal punctures only slightly deeper than apical, humeral impression with large setigerous punctures confined to area immediately behind umbone, irregular discal row of prominent foveae extending to apex, terminating near suture; color uniformly shining blue-green, slightly sericeous. Beneath sparsely pilose, pile on side margins of basal abdominal segments decumbent, few erect hairs in center of abdominal segments; head and thorax blue-green with tinges of cupreous and purple, abdomen cupre- ous-purple basally, fourth and fifth segments reddish-brown ; Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 25 legs green, sparsely clothed with white hair, front coxae and femora more densely pilose than rest of surface, trochanters bare. Length 10.8 mm., width 4.0 mm. Male same as female except for the color which is dull green (due to its being greasy) except for side margins of elytra which are as in female, smaller size and by having more reddish-brown on abdomen beneath. Length 9.0 mm., width 3.5 mm. Holotype female, allotype male in the author’s collection, collected in the Signal Mts., Howard Co., Texas, August 28, 1938, by R. P. Allen after whom the author takes pleasure in naming the species. When first observed this species was thought to be the green vari- ation of horni which occurs in New Mexico and Texas but upon careful examination it proved not to be this species and sufficiently different from any previously described to merit specific standing. From horni and horni ritteri it can at once be distinguished by the much deeper excavation between the eyes, deeper and more pro- nounced head and pronotal striae and by having the elytra uni- formly punctate throughout rather than only basally as in horni. C. alleni resembles horni in its shining appearance, general shape of elytra and in being only sparsely pilose beneath. C. alleni resembles pimeriana a good deal but may be easily separated because the latter species has a short flat labrum, densely pilose front and basal antennal segment, thorax widest in front of middle, elytral apices serrate, and beneath it is moderately clothed with long white pile. Of the species previously described, alleni is probably most closely related to nigrocoerulea and its varieties robusta and bowditchi being readily separated, however, by its nar- row form, produced labrum, deeply impressed, bare pronotum and by its shining color. Cicindela nevadica subsp. tubensis subsp, nov. Medium sized, brilliant cupreous, markings as in nevadica subsp. knausi Leng, pronotum and head sparsely clothed with white pile, beneath densely clothed with decumbent white pile. Female. — Head granulate-strigate, clothed throughout with short white pile ; clypeus with sides and center clothed with short white pile, genae moderately densely pilose ; labrum white, short, not produced in middle, unidentate, submarginal row of hair anteriorly; palpi testaceous except for outer por- tion of last segment which is purple ; mandibles white at base, apically cupreous-black; antennae with segments one to four cupreous-red, segment one uniformly, sparsely clothed with 26 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXlv white pile above. Pronotum brilliant cupreous, nearly square, impressions moderately deep, surface granulate-strigate, sides, front margin and edges of median longitudinal impression clothed with short white pile. Elytra cupreous, uniformly, shallowly punctate, punctures green; widest at about middle, apex broadly emarginate ; markings consist of broad marginal band connecting all lunules, humeral lunule obliquely descend- ing, moderately hooked at tip, middle band broad, complete, narrowly separated from suture, recurved at tip, inner margin of descending arm irregular, apical lunule broad, lateral arms projecting toward base. Beneath cupreous with occasional greenish tinges, abdomen piceous medially; sides of thorax and abdomen densely clothed with short decumbent white pile ; legs cupreous, sparsely clothed with erect white pile, tro- chanters brown, those of front and middle legs with prominent sub-terminal hair. Length 11.5 mm., width 4.1 mm. Male same as female except for sexual differences and in having the humeral lunule broadly connected to middle band, apical lunule with inner projections only faintly indicated. Length 10.5 mm., width 4.0 mm. Holotype female, allotype male in the author’s collection, col- lected at Tuba City, Coconino Co., Arizona, July 5, 1937, by R. P. Allen to whom the author is indebted for the privilege of studying and making known this subspecies. Five male, nine female topo- typical paratypes deposited in the collections of R. P. Allen and the author. This subspecies properly belongs with nevadica and is closely associated with subspecies knausi from which it can be distin- guished by its brilliant cupreous color, lack of green or blue, and its confined distribution in northern Arizona. The series is uniformly cupreous but does show considerable variation in the extent of the markings. In one specimen the inner tip of the middle band is connected with the apical lunule. None of the specimens are as elongate as cuprascens subsp. sperata and do not have the markings as slender as in that subspecies. During the past several years the author has accumulated a good deal of previously unpublished information concerning the distribu- tion of several species of western tiger beetles and it seems desir- able, at this time, to make known a portion of this information. Cicindela tranquebarica borealis Harris A large series of a form referable to this variety was taken at Benton’s Crossing, Mono Co., California, September 8, 1935 (F. R. Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 27 Platt, M. Cazier). In the evening just before sundown large num- bers were collected by hand under cow chips on the dry alkali lakes. During the day they were taken in flight on these dry lakes as well as in the vicinity of Owens River. They are slow fliers and are easily captured. Cicindela tranquebarica kirbyi Lee. This variation has, as far as I know, never been previously re- corded from California. Typical specimens were taken at Bar- stow, San Bernardino Co., California, April 15, 1938 (T. G. H. Aitken), and in Cuyama Canyon along the Santa Maria River, Santa Barbara Co., California, March 6, 1937 (H. B. Leech, E. S. Ross, M. Cazier). The distribution has thus been extended from Colorado and New Mexico through Utah (Willow Creek, Septem- ber 20, 1932, Marysvale Canyon, June 9, 1924, J. Sugden) and California by way of Owens Valley, Barstow and the Santa Maria River to the Pacific Coast. The specimens taken along the Santa Maria River vary in color from cupreous-brown to cupreous-green, the latter specimens re- semble, to a marked degree, specimens of subspecies vibex taken at Coalinga, Fresno Co., California, March 5, 1937 (M. Cazier). These specimens of vibex have abnormally wide lunules but are, as a rule, smaller in size than the specimens of kirbyi. Cicindela tranquebarica propinqua Knaus Previously recorded from Nevada and Death Valley, California but recently taken in considerable numbers in California north of the Tehachapi Mts. in the following localities: Exeter, Tulare Co., March 28, 1934 (R. P. Allen) ; Kerman, Fresno Co., October 30, 1927 (R. S. Wagner) ; Helm, Fresno Co., March 16, 1924 (R. S. Wagner) ; Wheatville^ Fresno Co., March 4, 1938 (M. Cazier). Cicindela tranquebarica inyo Fall and owena Fall A long series collected in Owens Valley, Inyo Co., California, May 20 to June 2, 1937 by members of Dr. E. C. Van Dyke’s sum- mer 49 course shows every gradation in color from typical black owena to the blue and green inyo. One specimen referable to owena is from Tejon, Kern Co., California, July 1932. Cicindela tenuicincta Schpp. This distinct species was taken sparingly by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke and members of his summer course at Owen’s Lake, Inyo Co., California, May 20 to June 2, 1937. Most of the specimens exam- 28 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXlV ined to date from Utah have been brown in color with little varia- tion, wheras, in the California series there are several specimens that are definitely cupreous-green throughout. This same color variation exists also in hirticollis and bellissima, etc., the latter species also occurring in a black phase. Cicindela plutonica Casey Specimens of this rare and desirable species were taken by H. P. Lanchester at Parma, Idaho, October 14, 1932, at a relatively low altitude. The species is undoubtedly alpine since it occurs only at high elevations in the southern portion of its range. This progres- sion also exists in longilabris. Cicindela eureka Fall This species has, up to now, been known only from a compara- tively small area in Humboldt Co., California and southwestern Oregon. I have on hand one typical specimen collected at Salem, Oregon, September 4, 1932 (Joe Schuh). Cicindela pusilla lunalonga Schpp. Recorded previously from California and Oregon but also now known from Prescott, Arizona, June 1909 (H. Kusher). An interesting black variation has been collected by P. H. Timberlake at Riverside, Riverside Co., California, May 24, 1925 (in river bottom). In the author’s opinion these black individuals are direct offshoots of lunalonga, whereas, larger, more parallel sided speci- mens taken at Benton’s Crossing, Mono Co., California, July 6, 1935 (F. R. Platt), seem to be more closely related to pusilla or pusilla imperfecta. This complex appears to be very plastic, new variations appearing in almost every individual locality and even within the same locality. Cicindela lepida Dej. Known only from various localities in and east of New Mexico until a recent collection by R. P. Allen in Tuba City, Coconino Co., Arizona, July 4, 1937. All specimens taken are typical of those taken in eastern localities. Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29 PROTECTIVE ODORS AMONG THE ICHNEU- MONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA). By Henry K. Townes, Jr. Department of Entomology, Cornell University. While collecting Ichneumonidae, I have become interested in the fact that certain of them give off a strong odor. In all those observed to have odor, except Chlorolycorina, it is of the same character — a strong penetrating musky smell reminding one some- what of burnt machine oil and very similar to that of some carabid beetles. Between different genera there are some slight differences in character, for instance the scent of Alexeter is somewhat sharper than that of Pimpla. With practice one could probably distinguish between others. Chlorolycorina smells like lemon verbena, or like citronella but slightly more fragrant. It is just possible in the case of Chlorolycorina that the odor is derived in some way from Myrica asplenifolia, an aromatic plant on which I have collected nearly all of my specimens of this genus. The ichneumonids in which I have noticed a definite odor, listed in order from those with the strongest scent to those with the weak- est, are: Pimpla of authors ( pedalis , tenuicornis, aequalis , and aquilonia), Apechthis (picticornis and annulicornis) , Banchus (pallescens, canadensis , flavovariegatus , flavescens, and an undeter- mined species), Alexeter ( honestus , canaliculatus , and tarsalis1), Chlorolycorina (albomarginata) , Exochus ( atriceps and albifrons) , Mesoleius (species near fissus) , Phaeogenes (two undetermined species), Odontomerus (alb o tibialis) , Megarhyssa (lunator and greenei) , and Ephialtes of authors (undetermined species). In Pimpla, Apechthis, Banchus, and Alexeter the odor is so strong that while collecting with a sweeping net, the sense of smell tells when one of these has been caught. Exochus has an odor which, in comparison with its size, is almost as strong as in the preceding genera. In Mesoleius and Phaeogenes the odor is weak, while in Odontomerus, Megarhyssa, and Ephialtes it is so weak that it may be merely the general body odor and not the product of special glands ; since many other ichneumonids have a smell almost, if not quite, as definite. Since they are related to odoriferous genera, I had expected to find scents in Itoplectis (conquisitor) , Theronia ( melanocephala 1 Alexeter tarsalis has formerly been placed in Holmgrenia, but the complete areolet shows that it belongs in Alexeter, in spite of its stocky build. 30 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv and fulvescens) and Colpotrochia ( trifasciata ) but as far as I can tell they are odorless. I have also collected a specimen each of two undetermined species of Exochus which apparently did not have an odor. It seems probable that these odors have a protective function. Yellow- jackets ( Vespula spp.) constantly search the haunts of ichneumonids for prey and would probably capture more of them were they not thus protected. The only observation I have that would confirm my belief in the repugnatorial function is that ichneumonids having a smell do not seem to give it off except when captured. Although one can easily smell a captured specimen still in the net at arm’s length, I have not noticed any odor from speci- mens among nearby bushes. The presence of protective odors in an insect raises the question as to whether or not there are mimics. In the case of the genus Pimpla I believe that there are. Pimpla pedalis is abundant in the Canadian Life Zone and here also are found several entirely unre- lated species that resemble it closely. The sawfly, Tent hr e della rufopectus, is one of the commonest mimics. Ichneumon velox (male only), Homaspis slossonae, and Xenochesis cinctiventris are ichneumonid mimics in the Canadian Zone. In the Transitional Zone, where Pimpla pedalis occurs commonly, Alexeter tarsalis is a good Mullerian mimic. The smaller species of Pimpla in the northeastern United States are probably mimicked by species of Scambus, Tromatobia, Zaglyptus, and other black species with red legs. Exochus and Mesoleius would serve as models for these along with Pimpla. Another Central American Social Wasp, Accidentally Intro- duced into the United States. — A collection of wasps received recently for naming from Mr. James E. Gillespy, of the Agricul- tural and Mechanical College of Texas, includes a small female or worker of Gymnopolybia areata (Say), taken at San Marcos, Texas, July 17, 1937, in a bunch of bananas (R. W. Strahdtmann) . It is indistinguishable from the specimens of this common social wasp I have seen from Mexico, Guatemala, the Republic of Hon- duras, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Brazil (Chapada). Say (1837, Boston Jl. Nat. Hist., I, p. 388) described the species as Polistes areata, from specimens which he collected himself in Mexico, presumably near Vera Cruz. Stelopolybia sulfureofasci- ata Ducke (1910, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, VIII, pp. 519 and 522) is a synonym. It is most probably not Vespa fulvofasciata Degeer (1773), as certain authors have claimed. — J. Bequaert, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Mass. Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 31 SEVEN NEW AMERICAN TINGXTXDAE (HEMIPTERA). By C. J. Drake and M. E. Poor, Ames, Iowa. The present paper includes the description of seven species of South, Central and Insular American lace bugs new to science. The holotypes and allotypes are in the Drake Collection. Sphaerocysta propria sp. nov. Small, yellowish brown, with fuscous markings. Pronotum convex, very coarsely pitted, tricarinate; median carina distinct but scarcely elevated on disc, a little raised on triangular proc- ess, slightly inflated at apex; lateral carinae sinuate, consider- ably raised on disc, very low at base and apex; paranota narrow, strongly reflexed, mostly uniseriate, slightly wider in front, the areolae small ; hood rather large, inflated. Antennae rather long, moderately stout, testaceous, the apical segment mostly blackish; segment I stouter than and about one and a half times as long as II ; III approximately three and one-half times as long as IV. Legs moderately stout, testaceous. Body beneath black-fuscous. Rostral laminae chordate and widely separated on metasternum, not quite meeting behind ; rostrum extending to base of mesosternum, yellowish brown, dark at apex. Bucculae contiguous in front. Elytra with sharply raised, tumid elevation ; costal area narrow, biseriate at base, uniseriate behind, with the areolae much larger; sub- costal area much broader, finely areolate, with five rows of areolae in widest part; tumid elevation mostly fuscous. Length, 2. 90 mm. ; width, 0.75 mm. Holotype, female, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This species is perhaps most closely allied to S', stall Drake from Brazil, but readily separated from it by the more highly elevated carinae, uni- seriate paranota, much less strongly inflated apex of median carina and narrower costal area. S', globifera Stal differs in having the median carina strongly inflated behind and a much wider costal area. Allotingis insulicola sp. nov. Separated from A. binotata (Drake & Brunner) by the tri- carinate pronotum, and the longer paranota which project farther forward than anterior margin of head. Head tumid, testaceous, with the frontal pair of spines long and slender, the 32 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV rest obsolete; antenniferous tubercles long, curved, spinelike. Antennae moderately long, testaceous ; segment I stouter than and three times as long as II, both slightly tinged with brown; III very slender, pale testaceous, twice as long as IV, the lat- ter slender, embrowned at tip. Bucculae very broad, pale testaceous. Rostrum reaching a little beyond prosternum, the laminae distinct but not strongly foliaceous. Pronotum testaceous, nearly flat, tricarinate, distinctly pit- ted, the triangular process abbreviated and notched behind, the carinae distinct but not areolate. Collar wide, finely re- ticulate, notched medially in front. Paranota moderately broad, whitish testaceous, uniseriate opposite humeri, quadriseriate opposite collar, projecting acutely forward at least as far as anterior margin of head, the outer margins almost straight. Elytra whitish testaceous, with a small brown dot on the almost straight nervure between subcostal and discoidal areas, and occasionally flecks on other nervures. Costal area broad, with four rows of hyaline and somewhat irregularly arranged areo- lae. Subcostal area biseriate; discoidal and sutural areas not differentiated, with a row of regular, quadrate areolae along inner border. Length, 3.30 mm.; width, 1.40 mm. Holotype, male, allotype, female, and seven paratypes, Fond-des- Negres, Haiti, 1930. Leptopharsa pauxilla sp. nov. Closely allied to L. illudens var. variantis Drake but readily distinguished from it by its smaller size, shorter antennae and narrower paranota and costal area. Head dark brown, pos- terior spines testaceous, appressed, extending forward as far as anterior margin of eyes, frontal spines obsolete. Antennae rather short, segment I brown, stouter than and twice as long as II ; III testaceous, very slender, and two and one-half times as long as IV ; the latter slightly enlarged, with the distal three- fourths black. Legs long, slender, yellowish brown. Pronotum moderately convex, tricarinate, the posterior proc- ess paler and reticulate; carinae indistinctly areolate, faintly lower on disc, pale, the lateral pair slightly converging pos- teriorly. Paranota narrow, testaceous, uniseriate opposite humeri, biseriate in front, the areolae very small. Collar raised, not produced forward, areolate. Rostral channel constricted on mesosternum, chordate on metasternum, the rostrum brown, Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 33 black at tip, extending a little beyond meso-metasternal suture. Elytra, except costal area, brown, elongate, faintly constricted beyond middle, the tips overlapping and jointly rounded be- hind ; costal area testaceous, narrow, mostly uniseriate, a few extra cells in widest part; subcostal area narrow, with two rows of very small cells. Discoidal area slightly impressed, finely reticulate, extending beyond middle of elytra, widest near middle, there five areolae deep ; sutural area more widely reticulate, with a few fuscous spots. Length, 3.00 mm. ; width, 0.80 mm. Holotype, female, Empedrado, Corrientes, Argentina. Leptopharsa vicina sp. nov. Similar in form, color, and appearance to L. distantis Drake but distinguished from it by its much smaller size, smaller hood, narrower subcostal area and much narrower discoidal area. Head brown with five moderately long, stout, testa- ceous spines. Antennae moderately long, segment I brown, stouter than and twice as long as II ; III testaceous, three times as long as IV, the latter darkened on the apical three-fourths. Rostral channel wide on mesosternum, wider and chordate on metasternum, the rostrum extending slightly beyond meso- sternum. Pronotum very similar to distantis except in size; hood small, not extending back so far as anterior end of lateral carinae (in distantis the hood extends posteriorly beyond an- terior end of lateral carinae). Elytra similar in color and shape to distantis but with costal area with two to three rows of areolae ; discoidal area with outer boundary not strongly sinu- ate as in distantis, and five areolae deep in widest part. Length, 2.40 mm. ; width, 1.00 mm. Holotype, male, allotype, female, and two paratypes, Williamson, Haiti, August 20, 1931, H. L. Dozier. Leptopharsa bondari sp. nov. Allied to L. elegantula Stal, but separated from it by its smaller size, larger, more bulbous hood, higher carinae and narrower, more deeply impressed discoidal area. Head, pronotal disc and sutural reticulations ferruginous to fuscous; first antennal segment and reticulations of discoidal and subcostal areas and of triangular process of pronotum ferruginous ; hood, paranota, carinae, and costal area pale test- aceous. Segment I of antennae two and one-half times as long 34 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv as II ; III long, slender, testaceous, almost three times as long as IV ; IV darkened apically. Five moderately long, slender, testaceous spines on head. Pronotum fuscous, rather finely punctate on disc, becoming lighter and more widely reticulate on triangular process; carinae testaceous, uniseriate, promi- nently raised, median carina slightly higher on disc, lateral carinae faintly converging posteriorly. Hood a little larger and more strongly inflated than in elegantula, subtruncate in front. Paranota testaceous, biseriate, almost uniform in width, reflexed. Rostral channel widening posteriorly, laminae testaceous, rostrum almost attaining meso-metasternal suture. Bucculae testaceous contiguous in front. Legs long, slender, testaceous, the tarsi slightly darkened. Elytra broad, slightly constricted beyond middle ; costal area broad, biseriate, areolae large, rectangular and hyaline; sub- costal area narrow, with two or three rows of small, rectangu- lar areolae ; discoidal area three to four cells wide at widest point, impressed, long, narrowed at both base and apex with boundary veins prominent ; sutural area with one large cell symmetrically placed in center of apical region. Length, 2.60 mm. ; width, 0.90 mm. Holotype, male, allotype, female, and five paratypes from Bahia, Brazil, collected by Gregorio Bondar for whom the species is named. Leptopharsa guatemalensis sp. nov. Moderately elongate, narrow, gradually widening posteri- orly, elytra divaricating at apex, testaceous, the areolae hyaline. Pronotum convex, black, pitted ; triangular process reticulate, pale testaceous; lateral carinae considerably elevated, uniseri- ate, the areolae large ; median carina slightly more foliaceous, uniseriate; hood moderately large, slightly projecting in front, the areolae large and semi-opaque. Paranota reflexed, moderately broad, biseriate posteriorly, triseriate anteriorly, the outer margin finely serrate and the areolae rather large and hyaline. Antennae testaceous, apical segment blackish; seg- ment I moderately long, about two and one-half times as long as II ; III two and one-half times as long as IV ; head black with three long, slender, testaceous spines. Rostral laminae pale testaceous, the rostrum yellowish brown, not quite reach- ing base of mesosternum. Elytra with the outer margin finely serrate, a few of the nervures partially embrowned; costal area broad, widely re- ticulate, mostly biseriate, with a few extra cells in the widest Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 35 part beyond discoidal area ; subcostal area considerably nar- rower, biseriate ; discoidal area elongate, not quite reaching the middle of elytra, narrowed at both base and apex, moderately impressed, four cells deep at widest part. Sutural area widely reticulate behind. Legs long, slender, testaceous, tarsi dark. Length, 3.10 mm.; width, 1.10 mm. Holotype, male, and one paratype, male, Polochic River, Guatemala. This species differs from L. dampi Drake in having narrower paranota and costal area, lower median carina and smaller hood. L. longipennis (Champion) is a larger species with much longer antennae and legs. Leptopharsa sera sp. nov. Broad, testaceous, some of transverse nervures of costal area and most of transverse nervures of sutural area dark fuscous. Pronotum mostly black, with triangular process testaceous; lateral carinae long, foliaceous, testaceous, the areolae large ; median carina very strongly foliaceous, slightly arched, much higher than lateral carinae, with one row of very high, rec- tangular areolae, as high in front as hood. Hood moderately high, narrow, projecting over base of head. Paranota broad, reflexed, biseriate, the outer margin round and areolae rather large and hyaline. Legs and antennae dark ferruginous, tib- iae and third segment of antennae lighter. Legs long and slender. Antennae with segment I two and one-half times as long as II, III long and slender. Rostrum yellowish brown, reaching to metasternum ; rostral laminae testaceous. Buc- culae with margins pale, contiguous in front. Body beneath blackish. Elytra broad, the tips separated, the outer margins finely serrate, costal area broad, mostly bi- seriate, triseriate in widest part, with outer row of cells much larger; boundary between discoidal and sutural areas strongly and sharply raised, the subcostal area broad, three cells deep in widest part ; sutural area widely reticulate ; discoidal area slop- ing inward, short, not reaching middle of elytra, three cells deep in widest part. Length, 3.00 mm.; width, 1.50 mm. Holotype, female, Chapada, Brazil; allotype, male, Villa Bella, Bolivia, November 7, 1909, collected by J. D. Haseman. The very high median carina and large areolae serve to separate this species from closely allied species. 36 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV STUDIES IN THE ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF POLISTES WASPS. By Phil Rau, Kirkwood, Mo. (Continued from December.) Work Done by Orphan annularis Wasps. Turner has stated, and I also have elsewhere recorded the fact, that a queenless colony of pallipes workers, one in which its popula- tion has never had contact with queen or original workers, can per- form all the functions of a normal colony, such as pulp-gathering, nest-building, food-getting, and egg-laying. We of course suspect that the same behavior applies to other species of Polistes wasps. That it has actually been observed to occur in Polistes annularis is •the purpose of this paragraph. In a nest without adults, but one filled with larva and pupae (pinned at my window), I noted when the first worker emerged and I placed a drop of paint on her thorax. She assumed the duties of queen, seldom leaving the nest, and when additional workers emerged, the latter did all the work, such as bringing in caterpillar-meat and paper-pulp, and building additions to the nest. They also fed the young from day to day. As soon as an adult cut its way out of a cell, an egg was deposited in it by the workers. These infertile eggs developed into larvae, but I do not know if they reared to full maturity.9 The workers even went so far as to strengthen the place of attach- ment of the pedicle by adding much paper-pulp at the point where the pin penetrated the wall. The nest had grown to such an extent that by the middle of August I counted twenty adults on it. The wasps were driven of! the nest on September i, so that it could be removed for study, and for two weeks thereafter they could be seen about the laboratory, having refused to leave permanently; they still remembered the openings in the room and came in and out at their pleasure. Strengthening of the Nest-support by Polistes variatus. The wasps seem to know when the nest-support is weakened. This weakening is largely due to the increased size and weight of 9 There are several cases on record of infertile eggs hatching, but no records, in so far as I know, of these parthenogenetic organisms growing to full maturity. Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 37 the nest as the larvae grow to full maturity; the workers then set to work to reinforce the pedicle at the points where it is most needed. They sometimes apply a dark rubbery substance of various thicknesses at the two ends of the pedicle. I have referred to this material in previous papers on our local species as well for those of Panama. The substance is probably difficult for the workers to obtain in this vicinity for our local wasps use it very sparingly, but in Panama it is more commonly used. Often, however, among our local species the material that goes into reinforcing the pedicle is wood-pulp, the same which goes into the making of cells ; but in the pedicle it is much more solidly knit together than in the cells. I have often wondered if wasps know just when to add new rein- forcements. Some light was cast upon this subject by an orphan nest of variatus. This one had no adults but was filled with larvae ; it was fastened to a crack in the wall by a toothpick. As worker after worker emerged over a period of three weeks, and the young larvae grew in weight from day to day, the nest began to sag. The workers one day realized its precarious position and applied much pulp around the pedicle, placing the greater part of it about the point where the toothpick penetrated the crack. The nest, there- fore, was made solid and safe by this work. The main item of interest here is the fact that although the wasps were on this nest for nearly three weeks, no attention was paid to its point of attach- ment at the post, but as soon as the nest began to tilt they displayed sufficient foresight to remedy the dangerous situation. The reader will perhaps say that these wasps instinctively strengthen the nest at the point of attachment, but I may say in reply that perceiving the particular moment when the nest needs to be reinforced is an act of intelligence, and is somewhat comparable to the behavior of higher organisms when they find themselves in similar circum- stances. Building Material Used by Polistes rubigenosis. A worker rubigenosis was seen scraping pulp from a hard, dried stem of fox-tail grass, which is indeed very tough. It was only with great difficulty, scraping with the grain, that she finally suc- ceeded in getting a mouthful of fibre. This species usually gathers rotten wood for building material. Odor Emitted by Polistes variatus. One often notices the pleasantly sweetish odor that is emitted by Polistes wasps. I perceived it in abundance on one occasion when I disturbed a lethargic colony of variatus at 6 130 a. m. on August 38 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv io, 1930. The temperature at the time was 72 degrees F. When the nest was disturbed, all eight workers simultaneously raised their wings, and with them was wafted on the air a generous supply of odor. It would be of value to study the odor given off by various species oiPolistes wasps, inasmuch as there is antagonism between the species, and this antagonism may be influenced by the odor given off by them. Food-hunting Habits of Polistes Wasps. There are many records of Polistes workers, as well as of males and queens, going to the flowers for nectar. There are also records of worker wasps, and queens too, actually seen feeding on the cater- pillar flesh that is brought home for the larvae. I have, from time to time, noted instances in which food other than nectar or cater- pillar-meat is eaten. While these records of unusual food items may seem unimportant, they have a bearing on two biological prob- lems. The first is the ability to communicate to others on the nest the knowledge of new stores of food; the second is whether they find the new food stores, in the first instance, by sense of sight or smell. In August, 1936, when a pan filled with sugar- water was placed outdoor for honeybees, two workers of pallipes often came during a period of two days, imbibing freely but the number at any one time was never more than two. The date (August 15) was suffi- ciently late in the season for the nests to have a large number of wasps on them. Honey likewise placed for bees in a shallow pan brought, from time to time, one or two wasps, either of pallipes or variatus , but never more than two at any one time. This was observed from year to year in my garden for five years. Again, for a whole afternoon, when a large bowl of stewed apples was placed outdoors to cool, only one wasp of pallipes came and went, straddling the liquid with legs outstretched, and even though it was quite hot, imbibed greedily of it. But never a companion did she bring with her. On another occasion I brought indoors a nest of pallipes filled with pupae, placed it on the mantle-shelf and then forgot all about it. About ten days later, I noticed that a number of wasps had emerged and lived peaceably on top of the inverted nest. I wondered how they survived without food, for they could not go out of doors. Looking up from my desk one morning, I saw one of the wasps picnicing on over-ripe banana-pulp which lay on a table nearby ; it made several trips to it during the morning. I placed some honey on a tin lid near it and soon she made trips to the honey, carrying much of it away in her gullet. But to the Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 39 honey as well as to the banana, she and she alone came ; even though there were five additional workers and three males on the nest. Whether she fed those on the nest from her mouth, I do not know, but I actually did see her feeding the larvae with honey from her crop. Now in answer to the first question, — can the wasp communicate the news of new finds of food to other wasps on the nest ? It seems from the aforesaid observations, that she is unable to do so ; but this statement does not fully settle the question because we know that the great majority of workers remain on the nest; not many leave it at any one time ; therefore, because we see only one or two wasps at new food stores, we must not assume that the finder thereof has been unable to point the way to others. They do not go in a body to new food stores as honeybees do, because of an actual or fancied need for them at home. And then it is also possible that you may here have a situation analogous to that of the honeybee; when food stores are small, few bees go out to gather it — when it is large, many bees go out on the foraging expedition. It might be that the stores of food were too small to attract large numbers of wasps. Now to answer our next question, — do Polistes wasps find food by its color or its odor ? There is much to be said in favor of color ; but when it comes to finding on a table a decayed banana half hid- den among bottles and jars, or to finding a bowl of applesauce on a screened porch with the door only partly open, or to finding a dish of honey in the grass, I can say with reasonable assurance that the emanating odors were the factors that caused the wasp to make its way toward these semi-concealed stores. The sense of sight makes them aware of landmarks which they remember, and they return with ease to the food which they originally found through the sense of smell. It is very likely that the sense of sight brings wasps to the flowers again and again when they wish to get nectar on a summer’s day, but it is also very likely that it is the odor which first attracts them to certain flowers in search of this delicacy. Pallipes wasps are, in time of famine, able to adapt themselves to new food conditions ; on two separate occasions when I had them in cages and neglected to feed them, I found that one had resorted to eating a piece of very hard dried apple ; a second wasp had dis- covered an ancient dried pupa of a variatus wasp among the debris on the floor of the cage and was chewing it. I have not been very diligent about recording the names of flowers which Polistes wasps frequent ; I have, however, seen many Polistes rubigenosis going to the inconspicuous flowers of the buck- 40 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV rush, Symphoricarpos orbiculatus,10 at Ranken, Mo., and several Polistes pallipes feeding at flowers of Spirea alba at Kirkwood. I have elsewhere recorded the fact that an exchange of nectar takes place when a foraging wasp returns to the nest. The records of this method of feeding the “stay at homes” were for pallipes, variatus, and rubigenosis. During 1935 I made the same observa- tions for annularis, and this note now makes the behavior the same for all four species found here. Polistes rubigenosis Attacking a Caterpillar. A worker of this species was seen in the act of butchering a large hairy caterpillar. When I came upon the scene, she already had the victim on the sand, dorsal side up, and was in the act of turning it over. She first bit out a large portion of body-wall near the head then carefully, in a clean-cut manner, worked out the long green alimentary tract and laid it aside on the sand, leaving a neat carcass. She removed a large portion of the light yellow flesh, untainted by any of the green viscera, took a careful flight of orien- tation over the remaining portion, and flew away. The Biting Power of Adult Polistes. That Polistes has the ability to bite its way out of tight places was noted on several occasions : once a pallipes worker bit its way out of a paper bag in which the nest from which it emerged was kept, and several times, on other occasions, they escaped by biting through cheese-cloth covers on glass jars in which they were temporarily kept. Nectar-gathering Habits of Polistes Wasps. In addition to the records already made on the honey storing habits of Polistes wasps,* 11 I wish to add the following data gathered at Wickes, Missouri, when the pallipes queens were the sole occu- pants of the nests. On May 17, 1932, sixteen nests were examined ; all were in nearly the same stage of development, having from twelve to seventeen cells to each nest, and all contained eggs or very young larvae. All of the nests except two had drops of honey in the cells; some had it in all the cells; some had it in one-third of the cells ; and some in only two or three cells. At Petosi, Missouri, in a nest of variatus, six of the seven cells that contained eggs had 10 All flowers kindly identified by Dr. Edgar Anderson of Mis- souri Botanical Garden. II The Honey-Gathering Habits of Polistes Wasps. Biol. Bull., 4 • 503-519. 1928. Feb., 1929 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 41 drops of honey. At Sullivan, Missouri, May 5, 1930, three out of the six nests had honey drops in from two to four cells. On July 10, 1930, in a pallipes nest, I found large drops of honey in cells with larvae which were two-thirds grown. In a ninety cell nest of annularis, I found only four cells with tiny drops of honey. I have also found droplets of honey in an orphan nest of pallipes. Some observers think that honey-gathering for Polistes is of little or no importance in the economy of the species. It seems to me that it is of much importance in that it supplies food for the larvae at a time in the spring when caterpillars are scarce. Spitting Habits of Queen pallipes. I had marked twenty queens while each was on her nest at Ranken, Missouri, on May 15, 1932; when taking them in the fingers between wads of soft cotton, many of them would spit out a large bubble of sticky fluid. I was surprised to note that the color of the drop varied considerably ; in one case it was clear and trans- parent, in another it was green, while in yet another it was of a yellowish hue. This is evidently the nectar carried in the crop, to be deposited as globules in the cells. I have often found globules in cells with egg or larva which, after evaporation, became honey; the color of these globules is either transparent and clear, or in several shades of brown. In one exceptional case, however, it was red ; so red, in fact, that I had mistaken it for a red mite. The color of this liquid is evidently due to the species of flower from which it was gathered. How long the nectar is carried in the crop before it is deposited is not known; neither do we know if the queen herself gets suste- nance from this supply while she carries it in her storage-tank. Polistes Queens and Peony Buds. On more than one occasion during the early days of May, I have, for several years, seen pallipes and variatus queens, as well as the solitary wasp, Odynerus foraminatus, go to the unopened buds of the peony flowers and lick the surface with much vigor. They could have easily bitten into the sepals, had they wished to do so, but instead, with tongue and palpi, they worked over the shiny surface. It did not appear that they were getting food, but were probably getting some waxy secretion out of the buds that could be used in nest-building. Wasps often apply a black rubbery substance in making the pedicel more secure at its base, as well as its point of attachment to ceiling or to limb; perhaps they obtain it from such plants as the peony in the form of excretions. 42 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV The Length of Life of Worker annularis Wasps. Three marked workers that emerged at the end of July 1930, from an orphan nest, were placed at the end of the season in a wire cage, and fed occasionally with honey, for the purpose of noting their duration of life. Temperature in the room was often down to 54 degrees F. Each one died on a separate day ; the first on Octo- ber 5, the second on November 16, and the third on December 31. This gave us a duration of life for these workers of approximately two months, three and one-half months, and five months respec- tively. The first worker emerged from this nest on July 15 (marked with orange paint). She assumed all the duties of the queen and seldom left the nest. She disappeared on September 30, having had a length of life, in spite of her arduous task as queen, of at least two and one-half months. Parasites on Polistes pallipes. I have recorded the Lepidopterous parasites that hatched from nests at various times; here, however, is a species that emerged from a nest in one of my jars for the first time. The specimens were identified by Mr. Carl Heinrich as Dicymolomia pe'gasalis Ulk. They emerged from September 9 to September 11, 1932, from a nest taken at Moselle, Mo., a few weeks earlier. The Stinging Propensities of Polistes Wasps. In observing Polistes wasps on their nests, it is surprising how near one may approach without being stung. It is usually when a nest is knocked down with a pole that the disturbed wasps go after one with the business-end of the abdomens. But to one who is alert and agile, getting stung may be avoided. On a few occa- sions I found myself not over-agile and was outwitted by the wasps. Two stings were thus administered on July 3, 1930, by variatus ; one sting on the hand pained for seven minutes, but one on the ear, inflicted by a second member of the colony, caused pain for four hours, the first three hours of which were agonizing. A sting was given me a few days later by a pallipes worker on my little finger, above the middle joint; the spot soon became sur- rounded by a white ring, causing much pain. After twenty minutes, the joint began to swell enormously ; the pain spread to the knuckle but was not so severe there as at the joint. The intensity of the pain diminished considerably after two hours but persisted for three additional hours and finally disappeared. A sting was given me on another occasion by an annularis queen as she was getting over her sleep of hibernation. This was admin- Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 43 istered through an insect net on March 16, 1930, but was not severe, the pain lasting only a few minutes. This note is useful, however, in showing that the queen can and does use her sting while in this drowsy condition. Auditory Perceptions in Polistes pallipes. When work was being carried on to test the hearing ability of the cockroach, I had an opportunity to focus sound waves on two orphan workers that were asleep on an inverted nest which lay nearby on the table. The workers emerged about a week before the observation was made on August 25, 1937. At 8 p. m., when 1000 vibrations per second were sounded continuously from the audio-oscillator, the abdomens of the two wasps pulsated rhyth- mically, while, simultaneously, the sting moved in and out; a half hour later, 6000 vibrations were put on and the same behavior was enacted. In both of the cases the response was made apparently without awaking the wasps. Behavior of Male Polistes on the Nest. The males of Polistes usually feed on the nectar of flowers, but when on the nests are often fed by incoming workers who permit them to draw nectar from their mouths. This was noted for pal- lipes, variatus, and rubigenosis. When a foraging worker alights on the nest, many males crowd around her in an attempt to get a chance at her mouth. The males do not depend entirely upon nec- tar for food, for on September 12, 1931, two males of pallipes were seen eating caterpillar-meat which they evidently wheedled from one of the workers. I have described the mating habits of rubigenosis ,12 but I have made no observations heretofore on the mating of other Polistes species. I have recently observed male pallipes wasps attempting to mate with females and also with other males on the nests. I have also seen a male variatus attempting to mate with females. In all cases actual mating was not culminated. One male variatus was seen to indulge in some courtship antics; he would beat one foot up and down in the air quite rhythmically for several minutes in front of a queen. His foot never touched the nest, and one can best describe the behavior as just beating time in mid-air. Gregariousness among Male Polistes Wasps. I record elsewhere in these pages the behavior of Polistes queens during the interval between leaving the nests, and finding permanent 12 Ent. News, 40: 17-13, 1929. 44 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv hibernation quarters. They assemble somewhere near the nest, pile themselves one upon another, and stay there until they find their permanent winter-quarters. I was surprised to find males of variatus behaving in the same way. On September 6, at 7 a. m., I found on a shelf in the open-faced shed, males crowded one on top of another, where they had spent the night. There was a nest of this species about a foot away, from which they had probably come. For four or five nights they were still to be seen in the same place. Thus we see the males imitating, as it were, the behavior of queens. For queens this would have been a stepping-stone to real hibernation. For the males it can be nothing other than a death- bed. Male Polistes rubigenosis at the End of the Season, What becomes of the males when winter sets in? They even- tually die, it is true, but just how long and how far into the winter are they able to live ? At Raleigh, N. C., Brimley13 has taken males of Polistes annularis all winter, from November to the end of March. To see if it is possible to carry them through the winter, I placed eighteen males of rubigenosis, taken from a nest at Centaur, Mo., on September 21, in a wire cage. The cage was placed in the barn where temperature and other conditions were about equal to any hibernating place the wasps themselves (if they were queens) would have selected. They were examined on November 1, when the temperature was 53 degrees F. ; all were alive and they were huddled close to one another under a piece of crumpled paper at the bottom of the cage. During the early days in the cage, they were often restless, never reposing in clusters. They often ate honey from a glass rod at that time, but when it was offered to them on November 1, all but one refused to eat it. The wasps (except three of them) died at one time or another during the first three weeks of November. The three were still alive on No- vember 23, but when I examined them on November 29, I found these had also died. Here then, we find the males of rubigenosis living for some months past their allotted span, but not living suf- ficiently long to complicate matters by appearing on the scene in the spring when hibernating queens are nestbuilding. ERRATA. Page 226, vol. 33 — 4th line from bottom should read — she car- ried it into one of the open cells. Page 232. — 5th line from top should read — from fifteen to thirty- four annularis queens. 13 Ent. News, 19: 107, 1908. Feb., 1989 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 45 LIST OF THE COLEOPTERA TAKEN BY MR. GEORGE P. ENGELHARDT IN ALASKA IN 1938. By Melville H. Hatch, Seattle, Wash. The present paper is a report on the Coleoptera exclusive of the Scolytidae taken by Mr. George P. Engelhardt in southeastern, south central, and central Alaska in June and July of 1938 in the course of his search for clear-winged moths. Seventy species and two varieties were collected, of which six are unidentified and nine are from the Stikine River, B. C., leaving a total of fifty-seven species1 and two varieties cited by name from Alaska. Of these fifty-seven, nine, including Chrysolina engel- hardti n. sp., have not previously been recorded from the territory. The localities and dates of collecting follow. In southeastern Alaska: Ketchikan, July 16; Wrangell Is., June 18; Juneau, June 20, July 15; also Telegraph Creek on Stikine River, B. C., June 16. In south central Alaska: Anchorage, July 9-12; McKinley National Park, July 1-5. In central Alaska: Fairbanks, June 26- 28. The figures in parentheses following the locality names indi- cate the number of specimens collected. I am greatly indebted to Mr. Engelhardt for permission to study this material and to retain in my collection specimens of each of the species cited. In addition I am indebted to Miss Elizabeth Farrar for the identification of the Bembidion, to Mr. Hugh B. Leech for the Olisthaerus , to Mr. M. C. Lane for the Elateridae, and to Mr. Ralph Hopping for the identification of the Tetropium. Carabidae. Scaphinotus ( Stenocantharis ) angusticollis Mann. Juneau (23). N. ( Brennus ) marginatus Fisch. Wrangell Is. (7). Carabus ( Apostocarabus ) chamissonis Fisch. McKinley National Park (1). Elaphrus ( Trichelaphrus ) riparius L. Fairbanks (1). Nebria ( Neonebria 2) viridis Horn. McKinley National Park (1). 1 Two species were taken both in Alaska and in British Co- lumbia. 2 Andrewes (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (X) XVI, 1935, p. 15) points out that Latreille in 1810 validly designated brevicollis L. the type of Nebria, thus restricting Nebria s. str. to Helobria Steph. I cannot accept Andrewes’ proposal to ignore this type designation, the more so as it was made by the author of the genus himself. 46 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXlF Bembidion ( Lionepha ) erasum LeC. Fairbanks (i). Not pre- viously recorded from Alaska. B. ( Micromelomalus ) species near planiusculum Mann. McKinley National Park (i). B. ( M .) complanulum Mann. McKinley National Park (i). B. ( Peryphus ) nebraskense LeC. Fairbanks (i). Not previously recorded from Alaska. Patrobus fossifrons Esch. Anchorage (i). PlatysmaP ( Hypherpes ) castaneus Dej. Wrangell Is. (n), Juneau (6). P. (H.) amethystinus Mann. Ketchikan (i), Wrangell Is. (2). P. (H.) algidus LeC. Wrangell Is. (2). P. (H.) crenicollis LeC. Wrangell Is. (3). P. ( Cryobius* * 3 4) riparius Dej. McKinley National Park (2). P. (C.) borealis Men. McKinley National Park (3). P. (C.) species near macro phthalmus Popp, from alpine Siberia. McKinley National Park (3). P. ( C .) fastidiosus Mann. McKinley National Park (2). P. ( Bothriopterus ) adstrictus Esch. Wrangell Is. (1), Anchorage (8), McKinley National Park (1), Fairbanks (2). Amara ( Curtonotus ) infausta LeC. (?). Fairbanks (1). A. ( Stereocerus ) haematopus Dej. McKinley National Park (2). A. {Celia) remotestriata Dej. Anchorage (3). Calathus micro pterus Duft. {ingratus Dej.) . Anchorage (1). Pristodactyla advena LeC. var. lenis Mann. Anchorage (7). Tachycellus nigrinus Dej. Wrangell Is. (1). Dytiscidae. Agabus bicolor Kby. McKinley National Park (1 J'). The elytra are very dark brown on the disc with paler margins in the specimen at hand. Recorded by Mannerheim (Bui. Mosc., 1852, ii, pp. 158-159) from the Kenai Peninsula. Consequently, I propose the subgeneric name Neonebria to replace the Nebria s. str. of Ganglbauer (Kaf. Mitteleur. I, 1892, p. 99), with Carabus lividus L. as the type. 3 According to Andrewes (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (X) XVI, i935, p. 21) Platysma Samouelle must replace both Pterostichus Bonelli and Feronia Latreille. 4 1 have made my identifications in this difficult group with the aid of B. Poppius, Zur Kenntnis der Pterostichen-Untergattung Cryobius Chaud. (280 pp., Helsingfors, 1906) in which keys and descriptions are given to the species of both Eurasia and North America. Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 47 A. confinis Gyll. Fairbanks (i $). Recorded by Hamilton (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, 1894, p. 14) from Sitka and Afognak Island. I have a second specimen from Bakersville in central British Columbia. Catopidae. Catops ( Sciodrepa ) hasilaris Say. McKinley National Park (15). Leiodidae. Leiodes spp. Two females, representing perhaps two species, from McKinley National Park. Staphylinidae. Olisthaerus megacephalus Zett. McKinley National Park (2). Baptolinus macrocephalus Nord. Wrangell Is. (1). Quedius ( Distichalius ) marginalis Makl. McKinley National Park (1). Recorded by Mannerheim (Bui. Mosc., 1852, ii, no. 56) from Sitka. Q. ( Microsaurus ) mesomelinus Marsh. Wrangell Is. (1). Cited by Hamilton (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, 1894, p. 18) from Alaska without specific locality. Bolitobius cine tic ollis Say. 'Anchorage (1). Cantharidae. Podabrus piniphilus Esch. McKinley National Park (4), Stikine R., B. C. (1). P. heteronychus Fall. Anchorage (1). Described (Fall, Ent. Amer., VIII, 1927, p. 101) from Manitoba and from Homer on the Kenai Peninsula. Cleridae. Thanasimus undulatus nubilus Klug. Fairbanks (5). Previously recorded from Sitka (Hamilton, l.c., p. 30). Pythidae. Salpingus elongatus Mann. ? Fairbanks (1). Recorded by Man- nerheim (Bui. Mosc., 1852, ii, no. 134) from Sitka. Elateridae. Ludius volitans Esch. Juneau ( 1 ) . Hypnoidus bicolor Esch. McKinley National Park (6). H. extricatus Fall. McKinley National Park (2). 48 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv Ampedus moerens LeC. Fairbanks (i). Previously known from California to Washington. Buprestidae. Dicerca tenebrica Kby. ( prolongata LeC.). Fairbanks, on poplar (14). Not previously recorded from Alaska. D. tenebrosa Kby. Fairbanks (16). Poecilonota cyanipes Say. Stikine River, B. C. (1 <$). The form of the last ventral segment is far closer to that figured by Chamberlin (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXX, 1922, pp. 56-58, pi. VII, figs. 5-8) for the typical form of the species, which he records from Maine and Texas to Alberta, than to that of his western variety, californica, which he records from Yukon Territory to Utah and California. Buprestis nuttali Kby. Fairbanks (50). Not previously recorded from Alaska. Melanophila drummondi Kby. Fairbanks (7). Chrysobothris breviloba Fall. Fairbanks (12). Not previously recorded from Alaska. Byrrhidae. Byrrhus sp. near difficilis Csy. McKinley National Park (1). COCCI NELLIDAE. Adalia frigida Schn. ab. fasciata Weise and ab. hyperborea Payk. (= disjuncta Rand.). One specimen of each from Fairbanks. This species has not previously been recorded from Alaska. Tenebrionidae. Phellopsis porcata LeC. Wrangell Is. (5). U pis ceramboides L. Anchorage (1), Fairbanks (1). Anobiidae. Xyletinus lugubris LeC. Stikine River, B. C. (1). Recorded by Fall (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXXI, 1905, p. 203) from Mas- sachusetts to Nebraska. ScARABAEIDAE. Dichelonyx backii Kby. Stikine River, B. C. (1). Lucanidae. Platycerus depressus marginolis Csy. Stikine River, B. C. (1). Described from Washington. No species of this family ap- pears to be listed from Alaska ! Feb., 1989 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 49 Cerambycidae. Tetropium sp. near cinnamopterum Kby. but smaller. McKinley National Park (i). Acmaeops pratensis Laich. Anchorage (i), McKinley National Park ( i ), Fairbanks (i). Merium proteus Kby. Fairbanks (i). Xylotrechus undulatus Say. Fairbanks (13). — ab. interruptus Cast. Fairbanks ( 1 ) . X. obliteratus LeC. Stikine River, B. C. (1). Neoclytus muricatulus Kby. Fairbanks (5). Monochamus scutellatus Say. Fairbanks (7). Chrysomelidae. Orsodacne atra Ahr. var. O. Hatch, N. Y. St. Coll. For. Tech. Publ. 17, 1924, p. 307. Fairbanks (1). Adoxus obscurus villosulus Schr. Anchorage (1). Stikine River, B.C. (13). Calligrapha multipunctata Say. Fairbanks (1). Not previously recorded from Alaska. Chrysolina engelhardti n. sp. McKinley National Park (1). Chrysomela interrupta Fab. var. aenicollis Schf. Stikine River, B. C. (5). Altica tombacina Mann. Stikine River, B. C. (2). CURCULIONIDAE. Lepyrus gemellus Kby. Fairbanks (1). Recorded by Hamilton (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, 1894, p. 34) from south central Alaska. Chrysolina engelhardti n. sp. Length 6.75 mm.; black, shining; spots on the mandibles, on the maxillae, on the first two or three antennal segments, and on the pro- and mesocoxae rufous ; the trochanters, the femora, and the tibiae rufous except for the infuscate knees and tibial apex; head coarsely punctate, alutaceous, rugosely depressed between the smooth tubercles above the point of insertion of the antennae; antennae reaching one segment behind the base of the pronotum, the last five segments forming an elongate club; pronotum twice as wide as long, the apex about two- thirds as wide as the base, the sides broadly arcuate in front, obliquely convergent behind to the obtuse hind angles, the base broadly arcuate, nearly straight at middle, the disc alutaceous, 50 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv coarsely punctate, more finely so either side of the median line, the sides thickened and set with a few coarser punctures, the lateral groove marked by a few coarser punctures, feeble, almost obsolete in front; scutellum smooth; elytra finely wrin- kled, the intervals convex, the evenly numbered ones more strongly convex and smooth or with only a few coarse punc- tures, the odd numbered ones less convex and irregularly coarsely punctate, the striae represented by more or less regu- lar impressed series of coarse punctures; venter shining, the thoracic side pieces coarsely punctate ; hind wings present. Type: McKinley Nat. Park, Alaska, July 5, 1938, G. P. Engel- hardt (in collection of author). This species runs to blaisdelli Van D. in Van Dyke’s key (Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., XXXIII, 1938, pp. 46-49), being distinguished therefrom by its uniform non-metallic shining black color, the femora and tibiae alone being rufous. I take pleasure in dedicating this species to Mr. George P. Engel- hardt, whose energy and courtesy have made this little study possible. Note: In addition, the following beetles, determined by Mr. Donald DeLeon, were collected June 28, 1938, on logs of pine and fir at a sawmill at Fairbanks: Ips perturbatus (Eich., 14 specimens. I. borealis Sw., 3 specimens. Scolytus piceae (Sw.), 2 specimens. — G. P. E. Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 51 NEOTRIOZELLA AND A NEW RELATED GENUS (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE). By Leonard D. Tuthill, Ames, Iowa. This group of psyllids is characterized by the peculiar genal cones and by the head, which is as broad as, or broader than, the thorax. The genal cones are quite long, slender and closely appressed throughout their length. Key to Species i . Genal cones longer than vertex 2 Genal cones shorter than vertex 4 2. Body pubescent, very light colored hirsuta, n. sp. Body glabrous, red to brown in color 3 3. Genal cones white, slender and acute at apex pyrifoliae Genal cones black, rather thick sculptoconus 4. Genal cones black laticeps Genal cones light virginiana N eotriozella pyrifoliae (Forbes) 1884 Trioza pyrifoliae Forbes, Fourteenth Report of the State Entomologist of Illinois, pp. 98-99. 1910 Trioza immaculata Crawford, Pomona Jour. Entomol- ogy, 2 : 233. 1911 Neotrioza immaculata Crawford, Pomona Jour. En- tomology, 3 : 450. 1911 N eotriozella immaculata Crawford, Pomona Jour. En- tomology, 3 : 503. 1912 N eotriozella ottawanensis Patch, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 202: 231. Forbes’ description of this species has apparently been entirely overlooked in the literature. The original description was based upon ten specimens taken on pear at Normal, 111., May 7, 1884. Four of these specimens are now in the Illinois Natural History Survey Museum at Urbana, Illinois. I have examined a male para- type and it is undoubtedly conspecific with immaculata (Crawford). Dr. H. H. Ross of the Natural History Survey has kindly com- pared this paratype with the lectotype* and states “they seem to * The lectotype was designated by Dr. T. H. Frison, Bull. 111. State Nat. Hist. Survey, vol. 16, article IV, p. 154. 52 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv agree in every particular except the color of the vertex.” The name immaculata must be suppressed as a synonym of pyrifoliae. The writer designates pyrifoliae (Forbes) as the genotype of the genus Neotriozella Crawford. Neotriozella hirsuta n. sp. Resembling Neotriozella pyrifoliae (Forbes) but lighter in color, head more massive, vertex and dorsum of thorax pu- bescent; male proctiger with a large posterior lobe, forceps acute at apices. Length to tip of folded wings 3 mm. Color: General color yellowish white, eyes, lower edge of margin of vertex, tips of antennal segments and tarsi dark; prescutum and scutum with yellow stripes. Wings hyaline. Structure : Head, thoracic dorsum, legs and genital segments with sparse, rather long, silky pubescence. Head large, as wide as thorax. Anterior margin of vertex very abrupt and protruding, -disc distinctly concave. Genal cones longer than vertex, closely appressed, rather thick, moderately acute at apex. Antennae about one and one half times as long as width of head. Thorax strongly arched. Fore wings about three times as long as wide. Genitalia: Male genitalia moderate in size, covered with very long, fine pubescence. Proctiger greatly produced caudad into enveloping posterior lobes. Forceps as long as proctiger; from lateral aspect broadest at base, strongly curved caudad to acute black apices ; from caudal aspect evenly incurved, broadest before apex, inner anterior margin produced medially into a blunt black margined tooth. Female genital segment rather short, quite suddenly nar- rowed to black tip, dorsal valve longer than ventral, apices of valves broad and flat. Holotype (male) and allotype (female) Baboquivari Mts., Ariz., April 3, 1937, W. Benedict, in Snow Entomological Collection, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. Neotriozella sculptoconus Crawford This species was described by Crawford from two males from California. I have at hand a female which has been compared with the type and is here designated as the allotype. The female genital segment which is very similar to that of pyrifoliae is almost as long as the rest of the abdomen, very slender and acute. The dorsal valve is black tipped, longer than ventral. Allotype (female), Big Bear Lake, California, July 26, 1932, Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 53 R. H. Beamer, Snow Entomological Collection, University of Kansas. Neotrio sella laticeps (Crawford) This species is known only from the female type from Louisiana. N eo trio sella virginiana Caldwell I have not seen this species which was recently described from a single female specimen collected in Ohio. Metatrioza, n. gen. Head large, at least as broad as thorax. Vertex with sharp anterior and posterior margins, strongly concave between eyes, the medial suture prominent. Genal cones not contiguous. Clypeus very small. Dorsum of thorax rather broad and flat, pronotum not depressed below head. Fore wings with typical triozine venation, except second marginal cell which is unusually large. Hind tibiae with two inner apical spines. Type of genus Metatrioza pubescens, n. sp. In width of head and venation of wings this genus resembles Neotriosella Crawford but the genal cones are utterly different from those of that genus. It resembles Triosa in a great many features but the massive head, concave vertex with sharp margins and the broad, comparatively flat thorax distinguish it from this genus. Metatrioza pubescens, n. sp. Length to tip of folded wings 4 mm. Color: General color reddish brown, genal cones, pronotum and posterior portion of vertex yellow, venter and antennae dark. Fore wings hyaline, hind wings more or less white. Structure: Body finely punctate, clothed with a short, fine pubescence, including veins of fore wings, pubescence most prominent on genital segments, legs and antennae. Head very large, as wide as thorax, three times as wide as long in dorsal view. Vertex sharply margined both anteriorly and posteriorly, disc deeply depressed, the medial suture very prominent. Anterior ocellus usually large, beneath overhang- ing margin of vertex. Frons visible as a distinct sclerite, not covered by genal cones, the latter not contiguous, short, one half as long as disc of vertex, slightly divergent, rather blunt. 54 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV Clypeus very small, entirely invisible from front. Antennae slightly over twice as long as width of head. Pronotum not depressed below level of head, episterna strongly produced. Prescutum not very strongly arched, about one and two-thirds times as wide as long. Fore wings acute at apex, three times as long as wide, veins prominently pubescent, marginal cells large, the second larger than first. Venation of hind wings unusually prominent. Hind tibiae with two inner and one outer apical spines. Genitalia: Male genitalia of moderate size. Proctiger longer than forceps, almost equilaterally triangular in outline, broadest near base, truncate at apex. Forceps simple, in caudal view somewhat broader at base, slightly bowed, apices blunt, with a very small medial black tooth. Female genitalia quite large, about three-fourths as long as remainder of abdo- men, dorsal valve longer than ventral. Holotype (male), allotype (female), 21 male and 17 female paratypes, Baboquivari Mts., Arizona, April 3, 1937, W. Benedict. Holotype, allotype and paratypes in Snow Entomological Collec- tion, University of Kansas, paratypes in author’s collection. A Rare Hymenopteran. — The Ampulicid, Rhinopsis caniculata (Say), to the best of Dr. J. C. Bradley’s knowledge has been col- lected only singly and then very rarely, and there seems to be very little ecological data. The insects were collected at Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, just about 500 yards north of the entrance to the Dyckman Street Ferry slip atop the Palisades and not more than 200 yards from the cliff edge. The area is covered with a diverse Austral vegetation but the largest trees are Red and White Oaks. The Ampulicids were found on the large trunks of recently-dead trees, intermittently running and flying rapidly over the surface of the trunks and pok- ing their heads into every crevice, twitching wings nervously and, in general, acting similarly to typical Spider Wasps but being per- sistently found on the sunny sides of the trees in the vicinity. They were found during the 29 and 30 of June whereas the only two N. Y. records are one specimen each on August 3 and September 4. — Ezra M. Greenspan, Ithaca, N. Y. Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 55 A NEW ANISOSTENA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMEL- IDAE) FROM OWENS VALLEY, CALIFORNIA. By Burdette E. White, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. Among the many interesting specimens taken by the Entomolgy field class of 1937, under the supervision of Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, were two Anisostena of the sub-family Hispinae. These represent a new species which is described below. Anisostena mitchelli n. sp. Elongate, subcylindric, brown, the pronotum rufous. Front of head with a median groove extending down to antennal sockets, a few rather coarse, irregularly placed punctures above the antennae and between the eyes, the apical margin of the labrum produced to form a median cusp-like process ; antennae as long as the head and pronotum together, 3rd segment longer than the 2nd or 4th but narrower, 4th, 5th, and 6th segments gradually widening, the remaining segments forming an elon- gate, fusiform, sparsely pubescent club ; pronotum distinctly longer than broad, sides parallel, the disk sparsely, coarsely punctured, the sides more densely so, the area between the punctures rather smooth and shining; elytra about one third wider at the base than the pronotum and three and one half times as long, the sides parallel, each elytron tricostate, a double row of punctures in each costal interspace and between the suture and 1st costa, the punctures large and nearly con- fluent, the 1st and 3rd costae united near the apex, the median costa terminating abruptly before the union of the 1st and 3rd, the lateral margin sinuate anteriorly when viewed from the side, regularly rounded to the apex; underneath in large part smooth and polished shining, brown, femora and tibiae lighter — rufous, the tarsi darker — brown. Size: 4.5 mm. long; 1.5 mm. wide. Type locality: Lone Pine, Owens Valley, California. Holotype 4759 in California Academy of Science Collection, taken at Lone Pine, California; paratype in author’s collection, collected at Independence, California. A. mitchelli is quite distinct from any other species in our fauna. It is completely different from calif ornica Van Dyke which is the only other species of the genus recorded from California. Cali- 56 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv fornica is black with metallic blue elytra and pronotum, and is much more coarsely punctured than the brown mitchelli (See figure). A. perspicua , an Arizona species, is similar to calif ornica perspicua. mitchelli. calif ornica. but larger. The photographs were taken by Dr. Roderick Craig. It is with great pleasure that I name this distinctive species after Mr. J. H. Mitchel of Oxnard, California, who collected and pre- sented the Independence specimen used in this description. Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 57 UNKIND WORDS ON INSECT DESCRIPTIONS. By J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, Tucson, Ariz. “The time has come,” the Walrus said, “To speak of many things; Of shoes and ships and sealing wax, Of cabbages and kings.” ( Alice in Wonderland.1) We speak of bugs and how they are described. We begin with the archaic early descriptions, notable for economy in words and parsimony in structure, albeit for extravagance in color. These puzzles may be solved either by consensus of opinion or by examination of types, or by arduous, heartbreaking and always discouraging labor. And the tradition still seems to linger unabated. We go on to the more modern and longer descriptions now cur- rent, which are sometimes diffuse and not always enlightening. These descriptions are gradually becoming more and more struc- tural. Some authors, to their great credit, now favor us with a two-part description — a purely structural part and a color picture, the one supporting the other. In a structural description, each and every part and structure becomes valid as an element in the picture. Hence, internal as well as external structures may be used, and are used, to characterize a form. But sometimes these are too abstruse and subtle for every- day use. It seems to the writer that structures naturally fall into two cate- gories: the one, all structures, internal and external, which go to establish a discrete entity, the species ; the other, what we may call recognition characters, that is, those outstanding readily seen struc- tures which may be set dichotomously one against another, and which serve to differentiate forms. Among these recognition characters are numbered: length and proportion of antennal and tarsal segments ; visible abdominal seg- ments, their sculpture, vestiture, etc. ; proportions of head, thorax, scutellum and abdomen, relative to each other and within them- selves ; proportion and structure of leg segments ; and always length and breadth of the insect. Incredible though it appear, the writer has run across recent descriptions in which size was omitted ! 1 Recommended reading for entomologists — particularly for descriptive entomologists. 58 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society FoL XXXIV This is a plea for some sort of coordination and correlation in descriptions, for standardized patterns, if you please. It is also an urgent plea for the use of characters which do not call for dismem- bering of specimens, frequently not our own and not seldom uniques ; a plea for selection of visible , clean-cut external charac- ters, without subtleties of curves, not for selection of concealed parts, such as embedded genitalic structures, going so far as ovaries and testes — not that these are not true and valid characters. A true extension of this last would take us — and legitimately, on the premises — to structure, form and motility of spermatozoa and into chromosome counts, and even into cytology. Ridiculous? Not at all — there is not one of these things which is not an integral con- stituent and a necessary element of the entity we term a species. But in the general description we should restrict ourselves to a definite number of characters, perfectly visible, obvious and under- standable ones, characters evident without a dissection, partial or total. How many entomologists realize that a consensus of, say, ten characters varying three ways, by combination and recombina- tion, will afford a means of differentiating well over 50,000 species ? Ask any competent mathematician to verify this. Of course, each individual group has its own key characters, but these should be coextensive with the group. They need not even apply to another genus. If entomologists were to agree by common consent on some pat- tern, as has been done in the Miridae, for instance, we would pro- gress much faster and clear the land of much miscellaneous flotsam and jetsam. By no means do we advocate a procrustean bed ; because after all, there is progress ; but we do advocate the promotion of progress by doing away with the deadening (and deadly) labor of trying to find out what was meant by some one who in substance said nothing. In this view, a proper description would fall into three parts : a description proper, in which the author could write his heart out and display his erudition, using everything he wanted to, even to the contractile cell vacuoles (if he could get anyone to print it) ; a diagnosis, in which visible, clean-cut characters, variable or invari- able, including size, should be used in sufficient number clearly to differentiate the species described from any other in the group, and even from species still to be discovered, which characters should be at least four, and preferably a larger number, say eight or ten ; and finally, a color picture, where needed or called for. Particularly, describers should always remember that the basic purpose of a description is to inform some one who had never seen the species. Feb., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 59 A KEY TO THE NEW WORLD AMPHICROSSUS ERICHSON (NITIDULIDAE). By C. T. Parsons, Biological Laboratories, Harvard University. Amphicrossus Erichson, 1843, in Germar, Zeitschr. Ent., 4: 346. Lobostoma Fairmaire, 1892, Rev. d’Ent., 11 : 90. Rhacostoma Berg, 1898, Com. Mus. Buenos Aires, 1 : 98. Amphicrossus is absent from Europe, its center of distribution lying in eastern Asia. Therefore the few rare American forms probably have developed from ancestors that arrived via eastern Siberia and Alaska. Apparently all the species feed on sap. In the males there is a small additional segment visible from be- neath, and in some species a pencil of setae on each elytron at or near the suture at its middle. A. insularis Grouvelle was wrongly cited by Leng and Mutchler (1914, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33: 421) as occurring on the island of St. Thomas in the West Indies, since it was described from San Thome (St. Thomas Island) 200 miles off the coast of French Equatorial Africa. Therefore it is omitted from the following key : 1. Pygidium without a black longitudinal line 2. Pygidium with a black longitudinal line lateralis Er. 2. Hind angles of pronotum very broadly rounded 3. Hind angles of pronotum narrowly rounded 4. 3. Males with the two pencils of setae on the sutural margin of each elytron, so that they touch almost all the way to their tips limbatus Sharp. Males with the two pencils of setae on the disc of each elytron farther apart, so that they could touch only at their tips ciliatus Olivier. 4. Margins of elytra with broad fringe of hair; pencil of setae present on each elytron in the male horni Sharp. Margins of elytra with narrow fringe of hair; pencil of setae absent from each elytron in the male niger Horn. Amphicrossus lateralis Erichson Amphicrossus lateralis Erichson, 1843, in Germar, Zeitschr. Ent., 4: 348. This, the only South American species, is unknown to me. Erichson described it from Para, Brazil, and states that it is related 60 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv to ciliatus. If the key character does not prove to be constant, the locality should help to distinguish this species. Amphicrossus limbatus Sharp Amphicrossus limbatus Sharp, 1889, Biol. Centr.-Amer., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 349. This species is still known only from the type pair collected in Guatemala. Amphicrossus ciliatus (Olivier) Amphicrossus ciliatus Olivier (Nitidula) , 1811, Encycl. meth., 8: 210. Amphicrossus (?) unilineatus Say ( Nitidula ), 1825, Journ. Acad. Philadelphia, 5 : 182. This species extends from Ontario to Florida, Cuba, ‘ and Panama, west to Texas, Missouri, and Iowa. The Panama record is based on a specimen in the U.S.N.M. collected by Schwarz, Jan. 3, at Old Panama. In the same museum is a specimen Schwarz collected, Jan. 22, at Cayamas, Cuba. Amphicrossus horni Sharp Amphicrossus horni Sharp, 1889, Biol. Centr.-Amer., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 349. This species is still known only from the type series collected in Guatemala. Amphicrossus niger Horn Amphicrossus niger Horn, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 7:3i7- This rare species differs from ciliatus in being fuscous above (not black as Horn says), unicolorous, having more parallel sides, much narrower elytral fringe of hair, and in lacking the pencil of setae near the sutural margin of each elytron. Of niger there are three specimens (one a cotype in the Leconte collection) in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, three in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences (cotypes) and one in the British Museum: all labelled “Ariz.” There is also a specimen in the Van Dyke collection of the California Academy of Sciences from the San Pedro River, Fairbanks, Arizona, Sept. 6 and one from Tuc- son, Ariz., Aug. 16, in the University of Kansas collection. The writer is greatly indebted to the various curators for the privilege of examining material and particularly to Mr. Hugh Scott for notes on the types in the British Museum. Vol. XXXIV APRIL, 1939 BULLETIN OF THE Brooklyn Entomological Society NEW SERIES PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la T ORRE-BUEN O, Editor CARL GEO. SIEPMANN GEO. P. ENGELHARDT Published for the Society by The Science Press Printing Company, N. Queen St. and McGovern Ave., Lancaster, Pa., Price, 60 cents Subscription, $2.50 per year Mailed April 29, 1939 Entered as second-class matter January 21, 1919, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879 The Brooklyn Entomological Society Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1938 'Honorary President CHARLES W. LENG President W. T. DAVIS Vice-President R. R. McElvare Recording Secretary CARL GEO. SIEPMANN Corresponding Secretary FREDERICK LEMMER Treasurer G. P. ENGELHARDT 28 Club way Hartsdale, N. Y. Librarian H. E. WILFORD Curator J. M. SHERIDAN Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences G. P. ENGELHARDT CONTENTS NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF MUSCOID DIPTERA, Reinhard 61 HISTER PUN CTICOLLIS, Siepmann g 74 A NEW CALEPHELIS, McAlpine 75 CHARLES SCHAEFFER COLLECTION, Palm 80 NEW MEXICAN CALLIMOMIDAE, Breland 81 NOTICE TO AUTHORS, Editor 91 NEARCTIC CRANE-FLIES, Alexander 92 SENSES OF SPIDERS, Abbott 101 THREE NEW BROCHYMENA, Ruckes Ill ANDRALLUS SPINIDENS, Torre-Bueno 118 NEW CATOSTICTA, Brown 120 FIVE NEW MIRIDAE, Johnston 129 NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS 133 BOOK NOTES, J. R. T.-B 134 EXCHANGES 135 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in February, April, June, October and December of each year Subscription price, domestic, $2.50 per year ; foreign, $2.75 in advance ; single copies, 60 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication. Address subscriptions and all communications to J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor, 311 East Ifth St., Tucson, Ariz. BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. XXXIV April, 1939 No. 2 NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF MUSCOID DIPTERA.1 By H. J. Reinhard, College Station, Texas. The following descriptions of new North American genera and species, with notes on several previously described forms, are based upon material from several different sources, which are mentioned below. Types of the new species, unless otherwise stated, are in my collection. Genus Emblemasoma Aldrich. Emblemasoma Aldrich, Sarcophaga and Allies, 1916, p. 56. The genotype is E. erro, described as new, from three male specimens from the United States and Brazil. The only other species hitherto known is faciale, described on page 58 of the above reference. The outstanding generic characters may be briefly listed as follows: clypeus much narrowed below by the approximated vibrissal angles; vibrissae situated the length of sec- ond antennal segment above the oral margin; and the cheek un- usually wide, equal to one-half the eye height. The long plumose arista at once distinguishes the genus from Macronichia, which has about the same combination of cephalic characters. The female sex, known only in one species, does not have the genitalia adapted for piercing. Members of the genus are apparently uncommon and little seems known concerning the biology or reproductive habits. The following key will assist in distinguishing the present species. Key to Species of Emblemasoma. 1. Cheeks clothed with black hairs 2 Cheeks wholly pale-haired ; sides of front and face golden pol- linose, facial depression and lower edge of cheek gray; 1 Contribution No. 464 from the Division of Entomology, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 62 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXlV palpi yellow; legs black; female only (South Dakota). albicoma, n. sp. 2. Palpi, legs and antennae black 3 Palpi, legs and antennae yellow; male only (Georgia). faciale Aldrich. 3. Prosternum widened and somewhat inflated on anterior border ; calypters infuscated ; inner forceps of male slender in profile, with a barb-like projection on hind surface beyond middle; male only (Kansas, Oklahoma, New Jersey, Brazil) erro Aldrich. Prosternum normal in size and shape ; calypters whitish ; inner forceps of male rather thick in profile, the hind edge straight nearly to apex, thence sloping sharply forward to an acute tip; male only (Texas) .... sternalis, n. sp. Emblemasoma sternalis, n. sp. Male. — Front (before triangle) 0.23 of the head width, moderately prominent at base of antennae in profile; para- frontals and parafacials with satiny yellowish pollen becoming grayish on cheeks ; median vitta dark brown, wider than one parafrontal ; frontal bristles in a single row diverging beneath antennal base to about the middle of second segment ; antennae extending three-fourths the distance to vibrissae, black, third segment obscurely reddish, nearly twice as long as second; arista long plumose; parafacial beset with black hairs which become coarser on lower extremity; vibrissae situated the length of second antennal segment above oral margin; pro- boscis short and stout ; palpi black ; cheek about one-half the eye height, clothed with black hairs ; eyes bare, descending nearly to level of vibrissae ; back of head gray pollinose, with coarse black hairs above and pale or whitish pile on lower part. Thorax black, gray pollinose with three to five black dorsal vittae; presutural acrostichal bristles not differentiated; pre- scutellar pair moderatly large; dorsocentral 3, 4; presutural 1 (outer) ; posthumeral 2; humeral 3; notopleural 4; intraalar 3 (anterior one small) ; supraalar 3; postalar 2; sternopleural 2, 1 ; scutellum with 2 lateral, 1 preapical and 1 decussate apical pair ; calypters opaque white, hind lobes faintly brownish at middle ; propleura bare ; prosternum thinly pilose on outer margin behind. Abdomen black except fourth segment which is wholly red, gray pollinose with three black dorsal vittae, the outer ones shifting or changeable with the angle of view ; proximal seg- April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 63 ments with only lateral bristles ; third and fourth segment each with a complete marginal row; genital segments red, sparsely clothed with fine black hairs above ; forceps brownish, rather flat behind with a shallow median groove, hardly at all taper- ing outward, the tips pointed and separated by a broad U-shaped apical incision ; accessory plate small and rather inconspicuous; claspers short, both pairs strongly bowed for- ward; penis rather slender from base outward, apical segment suddenly enlarged at tip which bears a pair of short incurved plates at the posterior extremity and a longer more slender pair on the anterior apical edge directed obliquely inward; fifth sternite red, broadly incised, inner margin of lobes beset with short black hairs. Legs black ; mid tibia with two anterodorsal bristles ; mid and hind femora each bearing two rows of long bristles on lower edge ; hind tibia not villous ; claws and pulvilli elongate. Wings gray hyaline; veins brownish to yellow, the first bare, third setulose over half way to small cross vein; first posterior cell open far before wing tip ; costal spine small ; epaulets blackish. Length: 12.5 mm. Holotype: Male, Donna, Texas, May 18, 1932. Paratype, one male, same data as holotype. Emblemasoma albicoma, n. sp. Female. — Front at vertex 0.28 of the head width (average of two specimens) ; parafrontals and parafacials golden pol- linose and clothed with mostly pale hairs; frontal vitta wide, brown covered with a whitish bloom in most views ; frontal bristles of moderate size, diverging beneath antennal base to middle of second segment; ocellars rather weak, proclinate; inner verticals stout but not very long, outer ones hardly dif- ferentiated ; orbitals two proclinate pairs ; antennae wholly bright yellow, reaching a little below middle of face, third segment about one and one-half times longer than second ; arista brownish, long plumose to middle ; facial depression gray pollinose, considerably narrowed at the vibrissal angles, which are well above the oral margin ; proboscis short, palpi reddish, slightly thickened apically and beset with black bristly hairs ; cheek fully three-fourths the eye height, golden pollinose be- coming gray below, clothed with soft pale hairs; eyes bare; back of head gray, with two irregular rows of postocular cilia, the hairs below finer and pale in color. 64 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv Thorax black with cinereous pollen, which is interrupted above by three to five black vittae ; pleura and humeri with pale hairs. Chaetotaxy as in sternalis, but the inner pre- sutural is developed and the scutellum bears three lateral, one discal, but no apical pair of bristles; propleura bare; pro- sternum with a few fine hairs at sides behind ; calypters opaque, white with a slight brownish tinge at middle of hind lobes. Abdomen black, cinereous pollinose with three rather broad but changeable black vittae; basal segments with only lateral bristles ; third and fourth segments each bearing a row of rather weak marginals, the latter segment red on the narrow apical margin; genital segments red, the first tubular with second much smaller and retracted ; genitalia terminating in a blunt-tipped organ, bearing numerous long wavy black hairs before apex on each side. Wings hyaline ; first vein bare, third with setae extending half way to small cross vein; first posterior cell open well before extreme wing tip ; costal spine small ; epaulets red. Legs black with the basal segments and knees reddish, femora and tibiae gray pollinose ; mid tibia with two antero- dorsal bristles ; mid femur bearing two ventral rows of bristles which become hairlike beyond the middle; claws and pulvilli somewhat shorter than apical tarsal segment. Length : 9 to 10 mm. Holotype: Female, Custer, South Dakota, July 21, 1933 (F. R. Bingham), in the S. D. State College Collection. Paratype, one female, same data as holotype. Sarcophaga ramosa, n. sp. Male. — Front narrowed before triangle, 0.19 of the head width (average of two specimens) ; parafrontal and parafacial gray to yellowish gray with a row of minute hairs on outer margin extending from vertex nearly to cheek, lower ones slightly longer but not bristly; inner verticals long and recli- nate, outer ones not developed ; ocellars rather weak, but dis- tinct ; frontals in a single row, moderately divergent beneath antennal base, descending to middle of second segment ; frontal vitta dark brown, wider than one parafrontal ; antennae black, a trifle shorter than face, third segment rather slender and fully three times longer than second ; arista long plumose as usual, brownish black ; face gray pollinose, moderately exca- vated with lower edge slightly produced as viewed from the side; vibrissae a little approximated, situated just above level April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 65 of oral margin ; proboscis short and stout ; palpi black, slightly upturned and thickened beyond the middle ; eyes bare, descend- ing almost to vibrissae ; cheek gray pollinose, clothed with black hairs, about one-fourth the eye height ; back of head gray pollinose, with two rows of postocular cilia and longer pale hairs on lower part. .Thorax black, gray pollinose marked with the usual three to five black vittae above ; presutural acrostichal bristles small or barely differentiated, the prescutellar pair distinct; dorso- central 3,4; notopleural 4 ; sternopleural 2, 1 ; scutellum with 3 lateral (median one small), and 1 preapical, the apical pair lacking ; propleura bare ; prosternum finely haired at sides ; calypters white with a uniform brownish tinge. Abdomen dusted with pale yellowish gray pollen, which is interrupted above by three changeable black vittae; anal seg- ment rather broadly reddish, the preceding ones black; seg- ments one and two without median marginals ; third and fourth bearing a marginal row, the bristles rather widely spaced on former; genital segments red, pollinose on upper surface, the first with a marginal row of about ten bristly hairs; forceps yellow, thin in profile with a minute barblike projection near apex behind, in rear view tapering outward from a broadish base to rather blunt tips separated by a shallow U-shaped incision ; penis red, rather short with the apex swollen and somewhat curved forward, bearing a pair of moderate-sized plates on front side near middle, between which arises a rather striking slender and asymmetrically branched appendage beset with flattened or scale-like setae on the smaller rami ; acces- sory plate small, triangular ; posterior claspers slender, curved forward at the extreme tip ; anterior claspers laterally com- pressed or broad in profile, bowed forward from near base and hardly at all tapering outward ; fifth sternite with a broad U-shaped incision, the lobes red and clothed with longish fine black hairs. Legs black ; middle femur with comb and the middle tibia with one anterodorsal bristle ; hind tibia not villous ; claws and pulvilli normally elongate. Wings gray hyaline; first vein bare, third setulose near base; first posterior cell open well before wing tip ; costal spine vestigial ; epaulets blackish. Length: 9 to 10 mm. Holotype: Male, Donna, Texas, May 18, 1932. Paratypes: 66 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXlv one male same data as holotype and one male labeled Hidalgo County, Texas, April 2, 1932. The species belongs to Aldrich’s group H and traces to vS. galeata in the key, but it is at once distinguished by the distinctive genital characters in the male. Sarcophaga comparilis, n. sp. Male. — Like the preceding species but the genitalia showing distinct differences and the front somewhat narrower; latter before triangle 0.15 of the head width ; genital segments of ordinary size, red, the first bearing a marginal row of slender bristles ; forceps yellow, viewed from side rather thin and slightly sinuate, the narrow blackish tip obliquely truncate, viewed from behind broadish at base gradually tapering api- cally, divided beyond middle but contiguous to apex; penis rather short, apex rounded but not much enlarged, near middle on front side with a pair of short subglobular lobes which become flattened distally and bear two slender symmetrical hooklike appendages ; accessory plate yellow, rather large, subovate; claspers reddish yellow, ordinary in length; hind pair narrow, slightly tortulose near tip which is turned for- ward; anterior pair broader, curved near middle, tapering to sharp apex ; fifth sternite not prominent, narrowly but deeply incised, the lobes reddish yellow, beset with fine black hairs on posterior margin. Length: 9.5 mm. Holotype: Male, Donna, Texas, May 18, 1932. Paratype: one male, same data as holotype. In Aldrich’s key to Group H, the present species traces to S. cul- minata, from which it differs in the male genitalia and the paler or grayish yellow pollen on the parafrontals, parafacials, and cheek. Genus Opsotheresia Townsend. Opsotheresia Townsend, Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. 56, 1919, p. 552 The type and sole original species is 0. obesa, described as new, from a single male specimen collected by W. L. McAtee in Mary- land. The high facial carina, setose propleura and the slender, somewhat elongate proboscis are outstanding characters. Town- send states that the first two abdominal segments lack median mar- ginal bristles and cites this as one of the essential items to distin- guish the genus from the related forms included in his recently published key to Theresiini (Manual of Myiology, Part III, pp. 146-8). As stated the male lacks median marginals, but there is April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 67 a well developed pair on the second abdominal segment in the female sex which therefore does not run to the proper couplet in the key. It may also be noted that the hind tibiae in the female are not ciliate as in the male and that the number of sternopleurals is variable ; normally there are three, but sometimes four, as in the holotype. Opsotheresia nigricornis, n. sp. A robust species like the genotype, 0. obesa , but differs as follows : third antennal segment wholly black ; apical segment of proboscis longer, almost equal the height of head; second abdominal segment in both sexes with a pair of median mar- ginal bristles. Male. — Front narrowed before triangle (0.12 of the head width), widening rapidly on lower two-thirds; parafrontal gray pollinose greatly narrowed on upper half and rather sparsely black-haired; frontal vitta deep brown, broad on an- terior extremity; frontal bristles in a single row stopping at base of antennae, rather weak and becoming hairlike near vertex ; inner verticals moderately developed, outer ones vestigial ; ocellars strongly proclinate but hardly at all diver- gent ; antennae extending well below middle of face, basal segments obscurely reddish, third segment about twice the length of second ; arista thickened at base, plumose nearly to tip, proximal segments short; parafacial bare, gray pollinose, not narrowed downward and the width about equal the length of third antennal segment ; face with a strong high median carina, epistoma moderately prominent in profile ; vibrissae strong, well above oral margin ; palpi yellow, slender with the extreme tip slightly thickened ; cheek reddish, thinly gray pollinose, black-haired below, about one-half the eye height; eyes bare ; back of head beset with pale hairs. Thorax black, thinly gray pollinose, marked with three changeable wide black dorsal vittae ; scutellum blackish tinged with red beyond middle, bearing two large lateral and a some- what weaker decussate apical pair ; acrostichal 2,2 ; dorso- central 4,4; posthumeral 2; presutural 1 (outer) ; intraalar 3 (anterior one small and far behind suture); supraalar 3; postalar 2 ; sternopleural 2, 1 ; pteropleural bristle smaller than sternopleurals ; hypopleural row bordered in front with numer- ous long bristly hairs; propleura setose; prosternum bare; calypters opaque, white, lower lobes large. Abdomen reddish on sides, this color expanding apically 68 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.ZXXlv from basal segment to include the hind margin of third and all of fourth, venter and middle area of three proximal seg- ments above blackish, thinly dusted with changeable white pollen which shows no pattern but appears denser in a flat rear view ; first segment without median marginals, third and fourth each bearing a marginal row; no discals even on anal segment; genital segments red, forceps darker; fifth sternite rather prominent and deeply incised. Legs black, moderately long; hind tibia ciliate; claws and pulvilli exceeding length of apical tarsal segment. Wings subhyaline ; bend of fourth vein rounded without stump or fold ; first posterior cell open shortly before extreme wing tip ; first vein bare, third setulose at base ; hind cross vein joining fourth about two-fifths the distance from bend to small cross vein ; last section of fifth vein short ; epaulets blackish ; costal spine not developed. Female. — Front at vertex 0.30 of the head width, widening gradually downward ; two proclinate orbitals and outer ver- ticals of normal size ; ocellars larger than in male and strongly divergent; third antennal segment two and one-half times length of second; abdomen black except the narrow hind margin of third and most of fourth segment which are red; anal orifice large and rounded, genital segments red, retracted, not adapted for piercing; hind tibiae not ciliated, claws and pulvilli short ; wings brownish on costal margin ; bend of fourth vein angular, bearing a short stump. Length: Male, 12.5 mm.; female, 13 mm. Holotype. — Male, Madison, Wisconsin, June 25, 1937, no col- lector’s label. Allotype, female, labeled “Iowa, July 7, 1932.” Clastoneuriopsis, n. g. Male only. Differs from Clastoneura in having two pairs of frontals below base of antennae ; third vein setulose at base ; last section of fifth vein less than half the length of preceding section ; vibrissae well differentiated. Head subquadrate, frontal profile nearly one-third longer than facial, oral margin and antennal axes subequal, posterior surface flat beset with only black hairs. Frontal bristles rather weak, in a single row stopping shortly before triangle ; verticals hardly differentiated ; ocellars long, proclinate but not divergent. Face moderately receding, epistoma moderately protuberant; vibrissae well above oral margin; facial ridges April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 69 not prominent, strongly divergent downward and bearing only a few hairs on lower extremity ; parafacial bare, fully half as wide as facial depression. Antennae originating far below middle of eye, third segment a trifle longer than second ; arista bare, longer than antennae, basal segments short but distinct. Eyes bare. Proboscis moderately slender but a little shorter than height of head ; palpi small and slender to tip. Cheek one-half the eye height. Thoracic chaetotaxy: humeral 2; posthumeral 1 ; notopleural 2; presutural 2 (inner one small); acrostichal 1,1; dorsocentral 2,3; intraalar 2; supraalar 1 ; pteropleural 1 (small) ; sternopleural 1,1; scu- tellum with two long lateral and a large decussate apical pair ; infrascutellum normally developed. Propleura and proster- num bare. Abdomen rather narrow and somewhat arched above ; intermediate segments each with a pair of long suberect discals; median marginals on first segment small and some- times wanting; anal segment beset with irregular rows of good-sized bristles on apical half above. Legs moderately stout, hind tibiae not ciliate. Wings normal in shape; first posterior cell closed, petiole one-half to two-thirds the length of apical cross vein which joins the third well beyond tip of second vein ; first vein bare ; costal spine small but distinct. Genotype. — Clastoneuriopsis meralis, n. sp. Clastoneuriopsis meralis, n. sp. Male. — Front narrowed before triangle (0.12 to 0.15 of the head width), widening rapidly on lower two-thirds and promi- nent in profile ; frontal vitta brownish, narrowed above to width of anterior ocellus ; parafrontal bare, with subshining cinereous pollen which extends down on parafacial and cheek ; antennae reaching about to lower fourth of face, black with second segment showing a reddish tinge near apex ; arista black, thickened on basal fourth ; palpi brownish, short, bear- ing a few long hairs near tip ; cheek beset with black hairs which become somewhat coarser along upper margin. Thorax black with rather uniform cinereous pollen which appears thinner on mesonotum when viewed in a flat rear angle, no defined dorsal vittae; scutellum black, lightly dusted with gray pollen and in some views almost shining; calypters white. Abdomen black, last three segments largely covered with gray pollen which when viewed from behind appears thinner 70 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV on the broad outer margins of segments two and three, apex of fourth more distinctly shining; first segment subshining, the median marginals variable (three specimens with a dis- tinct pair and three without any) ; discal and marginal bristles on following segments about of equal size and length ; geni- talia black ; inner forceps united, tapering evenly to tip ; outer forceps shining brown, the basal three-fourths apparently united along the anterior margin of inner forceps, the narrow apex free and slightly bowed backward over tip of inner pair ; penis geniculate near middle, slender, apical' segment whitish beyond middle ; fifth sternite rather prominent, deeply incised. Legs black; hind tibia with four to six good-sized widely spaced bristles on outer posterior edge ; mid tibia usually with two smaller bristles on outer front side near middle; claws and pulvilli elongate. Wings grayish hyaline; bend of fourth vein without stump or fold; hind cross vein joining third a trifle nearer bend than small cross vein ; epaulets blackish. Length: 4.5 to 5.5 mm. Female unknown. Holotype. — Male, Vantage, Washington, April 1, 1933 (C. H. Martin). Paratypes, five specimens as follows: one, same data as holotype; three same data as holotype and one, Moses Coulee, Washington, April 3, 1933 (J. Wilcox). Philocalia, n. g. A small wholly yellow fly with the fourth vein evanescent beyond the bend and at once distinguished from other’ genera possessing this peculiar wing venation by the slender bowed proboscis which nearly equals the combined length of thorax and abdomen. Female only. — Head wider than high strongly bulged or convex behind, frontal profile distinctly shorter than facial, antennal axis far above middle of eye and hardly longer than vibrissal axis. Frontal bristles in a single row descending to apex of second antennal segment; inner verticals rather stout and erect, outer ones considerably smaller and bowed out- wardly; proclinate orbitals two pairs, rather small; ocellars larger, proclinate and strongly divergent. Eyes bare, descend- ing to level of vibrissae. Antennae nearly as long as face, third segment about two and one-half times length of second ; arista micro-pubescent, basal segment very short, second about three times longer than wide. Face moderately depressed, its ridges rather flat and bare, epistoma prominent or protuberant April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 71 in profile ; vibrissae large, decussate, situated on oral margin ; parafacial bare. Cheek about one-fourth the eye height. Proboscis broadly bowed backward near basal third of apical segment, labella divided, small ; palpi slender, a trifle thick- ened at tip. Thoracic chaetotaxy : dorsocentral 2,3 ; acrosti- chal 2,1 (all small) ; humeral 3; posthumeral 1; presutural 1 (outer) ; notopleural 2; intraalar 3; supraalar 3; postalar 2; sternopleural 2,1 ; hypopleural 5 or 6; pteropleural 1 (small) ; scutellum with two strong lateral, a weak discal and a hair- like apical pair ; infrascutellum normal in size ; propleura and prosternum bare. Abdomen somewhat flattened above, wider than thorax •; intermediate segments without di seals ; second segment with a median marginal pair, third and fourth each bearing a marginal row ; genitalia without a piercer. Legs rather long and slender, weakly bristled; claws and pulvilli minute. Wings extending beyond tip of abdomen and rather wide; third vein setulose at base, joining costa slightly above extreme wing tip ; last section of fifth vein half as long as the preceding section ; costal spine small. Genotype. — Philocalia tenuirostris, n. sp. Philocalia tenuirostris, n. sp. Female. — Front at vertex 0.40 of the head width and hardly any wider at anterior extremity ; parafrontals, parafacials and cheeks gray pollinose on yellow ground color ; frontal vitta deep yellow, wider than one parafrontal on upper half ; an- tennae yellow, third segment infuscated near apex on outer side; arista thickened and yellow on basal fourth, brownish and slender beyond ; parafacial narrowed below to about one- third the width of third antennal segment ; cheek bare on upper half ; palpi yellow, beset with minute black stubby hairs ; back of head dark and clothed with black hairs on upper half, yellowish with pale or white hairs below. Thorax and scutellum wholly yellow, lightly dusted with white pollen; notum showing four poorly defined vittae before the suture, only the outer pair apparent behind; calypters tawny, semitransparent. Abdomen reddish yellow paler and translucent basally, sub- shining except the narrow basal margin of intermediate seg- ments, which are white pollinose; fourth segment without discals ; anal orifice rounded, genitalia retracted. Legs yellow, tarsi dark brown to blackish ; mid tibia with one small bristle near middle on outer front side ; hind tibia 72 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv bearing two weak bristles on outer posterior edge ; front tarsus about one and one-half times longer than tibia. Wings subhyaline with a faint yellowish tinge; veins includ- ing costa and epaulets pale yellow. Length : 6 mm. Holotype. — Female, Bozeman, Montana, July 18, 1936 (H. B. Hoeffler). Genus Siphoclytia Townsend. Siphoclytia Townsend, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 19, 1892, pp. 116-17. Male only; type and sole species, robertsonii, new. Coquillett in his well known Revision of the Tachinidae, page 74, listed the present genus as a synonym of Epigrimyia Townsend (genotype, polita Townsend; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 18:395). The latter is a small moderately slender species with short broad wings, prominent epistoma and a long slender proboscis. In robertsonii the general build is decidedly more robust; the wings are of ordinary shape and the epistoma hardly extends beyond the vertical plane of the facial depression in profile. Perhaps the principal point of similiarity is the elongate proboscis in both species. Another important difference may be noted with respect to the female genitalia. In polita there is a chitinized sharp-tipped piercer-like organ, but no similar structure is present in robertsonii. There are additional differences but these items seem sufficient to validate Siphoclytia. In the original generic description Town- send characterized the frontal bristles in a single row descending to base of third antennal joint but in his recently published key to the tribe Leskiini he describes the frontal rows as stopping at the bases of the antennae (Manual of Myiology, Part IV, p. 66). The latter statement is in error. Although none of my 38 Texas speci- mens show the lowermost frontals on a level with the base of the third antennal segment, they are nevertheless distinctly beneath the base of the first segment. Siphoclytia pavonacea, n. sp. Similar to robertsonii in coloration, but less robust in build and the male genitalia show distinct differences. Male. — Front not narrowed above, at vertex 0.33 of the head width ; parafrontals gray with a tawny tinge, bearing only a few inconspicuous short black hairs ; frontal vitta yellow, about equal to the width of one parafrontal ; two pairs of well April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 73 developed proclinate orbitals ; frontals in a single row extend- ing beneath antennal base; verticals two pairs, inner suberect but not very long, outer ones smaller and turned outward; ocellar bristles as large as outer verticals, proclinate ; para- facial silvery white, bare, narrowed on lower extremity to less than half the width of third antennal segment; face hardly depressed or receding, slightly concave above front border of oral margin in profile, its ridges not prominent bearing a few minute hairs next to vibrissae, which are on the oral margin ; antennae a trifle shorter than face, reddish, the third segment infuscated and about three times longer than second ; arista brownish, micropubescent, thickened on less than proximal third, basal segments short ; proboscis moderately slender, apical segment a little bowed, about equal to the head height ; palpi yellow, rather short with the tips slightly thickened ; cheek bare, about one-sixth the eye height ; eyes bare, descend- ing almost to level of vibrissae; back of head flat on upper part but rather noticeably projecting on lower edge behind the oral cavity, gray pollinose, beset with black hairs above and pale ones below. Thorax black, gray pollinose marked with four blackish dorsal vittae, inner ones narrow in front, the outer wider but broadly interrupted at suture. Chaetotaxy: acrostichal 2,1; dorsocentral 3,3 ; humeral 3 ; posthumeral 1 ; presutural 1 (outer) ; notopleural 2; intraalar 3; supraalar 3 (middle one large) ; postalar 2; sternopleural 2,1 ; scutellum black, wholly pollinose with two large laterals, sometimes a smaller but distinct bristle between these, apicals lacking; infrascutellum strongly convex, pollinose; propleura and prosternum bare; calypters transparent, whitish with a perceptible tawny tinge. Abdomen yellow with a broad black median vitta extending from base of first segment above to middle of third where it expands to include the entire apical half of latter ; segments two to four thinly dusted with white pollen, no discals ; third and fourth segment each with a marginal row and the second with one good-sized pair of median marginals ; genital seg- ments yellow, inner forceps united and rather short, tapering evenly to a pointed tip, hind surface with a sharp median keel ; outer forceps finger-like, tips blunt; fifth sternite not promi- nent, deeply incised, yellow. Legs yellow, with tibiae darker or brownish and the tarsi black ; claws and pulvilli minute ; mid tibia with one smallish bristle on outer front side near middle; hind tibia not ciliate. 74 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv Wings hyaline, the veins including costa yellow; first pos- terior cell open near extreme wing tip ; bend of fourth vein broadly rounded, without stump or fold ; first vein bare, third setulose almost to small cross vein; hind cross vein joining fourth slightly nearer bend than small cross vein; last section of fifth vein short ; costal spine vestigial ; epaulets brownish black. Female. — Similar to male but the abdomen is considerably darker on the three basal tergites above, the fourth including genital segments reddish yellow; front at vertex 0.32 of the head width (average of two specimens). Length; 5 to 5.5 mm. Holotype. — Male, Amherst, Ohio, June 24, 1935 (A. J. Barckert). Paratypes: one female, same data as holotype, and one female, same locality, May 17, 1925 (H. J. Reinhard). Hister puncticollis a Synonym of Hister osculatus (Co- leoptera, Histeridae). — Hister puncticollis Schaeffer (Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. Vol. VIII, p. 26, Dec. 1912) is a synonym of Hister osculatus Blatchley (Coleoptera of Indiana, p. 607, published in 1910). I have been able to examine Mr. Schaeffer’s types through the courtesy of Mr. Charles A. Ballou, Jr., of New York City. No mention is made of osculatus in Schaeffer’s description, and in 1928, when Mr. Schaeffer turned over his entire collection of His- teridae, including his type series, to Mr. Ballou, Mr. Schaeffer him- self called attention to this synonymy. H. osculatus is a very distinct species and is not likely to be con- fused with any other Hister. The descriptions of the two authors above cited are sufficient for identification. Blatchley ’s type local- ity is Posey County, Indiana, which is in the extreme southwestern corner of that state. In addition to Schaeffer’s types from White Sulphur, W. Va., I have seen specimens from Deer Lodge, Ten- nessee, collected by Bernard Benesh, and from the following localities in South Carolina, collected by O. L. Cartwright : Clem- son College; Jocasse; Tunne, Walhalla; and Waccamaw River, Longs P. O. The distribution of this species is apparently limited to the Austroriparian Faunal Area, where it is probably not rare. Benesh’s specimens are labelled as having been taken from a species of ill-smelling mushroom. — Carl G. Siepmann, Rahway, N. J. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 75 A NEW METAL MARK (CALEPHELIS) FROM TEXAS (LEPIDOPTERA, RHIODINIDAE). By W. S. McAlpine, Birmingham, Mich. Since the discovery of Calephelis muticum from Michigan, pub- lished in the April, 1937, issue of this Bulletin, the writer has been making a study of the genus Calephelis, as there seemed to be much confusion in identification in this genus among the leading museums in this country, as well as in the private collections. Whole-hearted cooperation by these museums and among private collectors has placed at the disposal of the writer considerable material for study. My good friend, Dr. Geo. W. Rawson, a well-known Lepidop- terist from Detroit, very kindly turned over such material as he had in his collection for study. Among his specimens was a small series which he had taken at Leon Springs, Bexar Co., Texas, in 1919. Leon Springs is located about eighteen miles northwest of San Antonio. After careful study and comparison with all known available types of this genus it appears that this series represents an undescribed species. The author proposes the name of Calephelis rawsoni fdr this species. Calephelis rawsoni n. sp. (figs. 1 to 9 inc.). Male: Expanse holotype 24.0 mm., average of 8 paratypes 24.5 mm., largest 25.0 mm., smallest 23.5 mm. Upper Surface — Head: Top and eyes medium brown, front and palpi pale fulvous (tawny, reddish yellow approaching orange). Antenna black with white rings at joints. Dorsal surface of club black, ventral surface of club gray. Dorsal surface of thorax and abdomen fuscous (dark brown ap- proaching black) , sides of abdomen paler brown ventrally. Upper surface of wings dull reddish brown, inclined to choco- late brown in some specimens. In most of the male specimens there seems to be a slight smoky film over the upper surface of the wings, which is apparently caused by the lighter shade of brown at base of wing scales. This is not so pronounced as in Calephelis wrighti but is somewhat similar. There are darker brown scales along veins of both wings, and at base of wings and along costal and inner margins. On the basal half of both wings there is a series of dark brown linear markings which form four or five irregular transverse lines across the wings, which are more or less concentric with base. The most out- ward of these transverse lines is the heaviest and is composed 76 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXlV of more scalloped-like markings, particularly in the secon- daries where they are also faintly doubled in the upper half. Preceding the most outward of these transverse lines there is some darker scaling, which, together with the transverse line, gives the appearance of a rather narrow not very noticeable transverse dark band across both wings. This band varies considerably in specimens, in some being fairly well defined, in others including the holotype, scarcely noticeable. Beyond the outer transverse line are two very fine silver metallic lines between which is a row of fairly prominent black dots. The metallic lines are margined with fuscous. The outer metallic line is more prominent, continuous, close to and equidistant from edge of the wing, while the inner metallic line is irregu- lar, considerably exserted near the middle of the wings, par- ticularly so in fore wings, and hardly discernible in places. Beyond the outer transverse line the ground color of the wings is somewhat lighter. The fringe is pale brown faintly checkered with white at apex, - inner angle and middle of fore wing. In one of the paratypes there was apparently no white checkering of fringes. As noted in wing venation drawings, the outer edge of fore wing is undulated. Under Surface: The legs and under surface of wings, thorax and abdomen are of a fairly uniform fulvous color, although the basal part of wings and legs, thorax and abdomen are lighter and not so reddish as outer part of wings. The basal markings which correspond to the transverse lines of the upper surface are disconnected and fine, the outer line being slightly heavier. The silver markings of the upper surface are repeated, but are considerably heavier and have no fuscous margins. The outer metallic line is practically continuous, while the metallic spots of the inner line are disconnected and most are inclined to be somewhat crescent-shaped. There are three very fine metallic markings along the costa preceding the inner metallic line. The dots between the two metallic lines are repeated on the underside. Female: Expanse allotype 24.5 mm., expanse of paratype 21.0 mm. The paratype looks like a stunted specimen. Similar to male in general markings. Upper surface of a more uniform, lighter reddish brown color, with more definite and heavier markings. The transverse dark band through middle of wings, which is fairly well pronounced in some male April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 77 specimens is not noticeable in the allotype or paratype. The smoky film which is noticeable over the upper surface of most of the male specimens is not very noticeable on the allotype or paratype. The primaries are more square cut and not so pointed as in the males. The fringes are light brown with white checks at apex and inner angle of fore wings. The under surface is similar in color to males with markings somewhat heavier. Dr. Rawson took five specimens, three males and two females at Leon Springs, Texas. The dates of these specimens are Aug. 3rd and Aug. 7th, 1919. According to Dr. Rawson they were all taken on vegetation along the sides of a stream at the bottom of a small gulch. The vegetation near the stream where specimens were taken, was grassy, with a mixture of ferns and other small plants which require mois- ture. The surrounding country is more or less flat and supports a sparse growth of scrub live oaks, junipers and a little mesquite with a ground cover of xerophytic grasses. A search of museums has uncovered a half dozen more male specimens, two males from the Barnes collection in the U. S. Na- tional Museum, labelled Kerrville, Texas, with no other data. One male in the U. S. National Museum labelled Kerrville, Texas, H. Lacy collector. One male in the U. S. National Museum labelled Texas, B. Neumogen. This specimen was obtained from the Brooklyn Museum which formerly had the Neumogen collection. One male in The American Museum of Natural History labelled Kerrville, Texas, H. Lacy collector, July, 1908, acquisition No. 27,656. This specimen was in first-class condition and seemed quite typical, so was made the holotype. One male in The Amer- ican Museum of Natural History labelled Kerrville, Texas, Nov., 1902, acquisition No. 27656. As noted all the definite locality labels, on the specimens uncovered at the U. S. National Museum and The American Museum of Natural History, indicate Kerrville, Texas, which is only about forty miles northwest of Leon Springs, so our present range for this species is confined to a very small area. In general appearance it is easy to mistake small specimens of this butterfly for Calephelis virginensis or other closely related Calephelis, and it usually becomes necessary to make genitalic ex- amination to be absolutely certain of identification, unless one is very familiar with the species. The male genitalia is readily separated from others in the genus in the United States, by the long, slender, pointed end of the upper annelus, which extends considerably be- 78 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV yond the end of the harpes and also by the heavy armature of the harpe as shown in the accompanying plate. A comparative study of male genitalia of some Mexican and Central American species available to the author does not disclose any exactly like it. Genitalic slides were made of all the male paratypes, as there seemed to be some variation, particularly in weight of markings, the transverse dark band, and the shade of color and smoky film of the upper wing surface. The species of this genus which seem to nearest resemble rawsoni are virginensis and muticum and to a lesser degree borealis. Rawsoni is of about the same size as muticum , being slightly smaller than borealis and averages considerably larger than vir- ginensis. All four species look very much alike in general color of the under side and the general markings are arranged quite simi- larly in rawsoni, virginensis and muticum. Rawsoni on both sur- faces is not so heavily marked either with silver or other markings as virginensis or muticum. The color of the upper surface of male rawsoni is usually of a dull, slightly darker reddish brown than in virginensis, but the color of the females of these species is very similar. The upper surface of muticum is a rich mahogany color when fresh, while borealis is very dark with heavy fuscous scaling. The outer transverse basal line of the secondaries of male raw- soni is scalloped. This does not occur in muticum and is usually not so well defined in virginensis. On the under surface the markings of the inner silver line of male rawsoni are more crescent shaped (somewhat as in borealis ) and of lighter weight than the same markings in virginensis and muticum which are heavy and square or roundish in shape. The fringe in rawsoni is usually quite noticeably checked with white, while in virginensis it is not checked, and in muticum is only rarely faintly checked. The wing shape of male rawsoni is slightly undulated while this is not so with the other three species. The male genitalia of all four species are distinct as can be noted by a comparison with the illustrations in the original description of muticum and the accompanying plate. The two females were found by Dr. Rawson in company with the male paratypes and are assumed to be the females of this species as they have a general resemblance to the males, except the usual difference in shape of wings which is noted in species of this genus. They differ from the females of the other three species in shape of primaries and more definite checkering of fringes as well as in other respects. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 79 The author is greatly indebted to Dr. J. F. Gates Clark and the U. S. National Museum for aid in making up genitalic slides and identification and loan of specimens, also to The American Museum of Natural History for loan of specimens, and the Carnegie and Field Museums for loan of specimens of allied species. Several private collectors have also very kindly furnished specimens of allied species for study and comparison, including Geo. P. Engel- hardt, Frank Chermock and Cyril dos Passos. Explanation of Figures. Figures i to 6 inclusive, natural size. Photos by Allen Arnold, drawings by W. S. McAlpine. Figures i and 2, Calephelis rawsoni n. sp., upper and lower surface respectively $ holotype, Kerrville, Texas, July, 1908, H. Lacy, collector, placed in the American Museum of Natural History. Figures 3 and 4, Calephelis rawsoni n. sp., upper and lower surface respectively § allotype, Leon Springs, Texas, Aug. 7, 1919, Dr. Geo. W. Rawson, collector, placed in the U. S. National Museum. 80 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XZXIV Figures 5 and 6, Calephelis rawsoni n. sp., upper and lower surface respectively lCf paratype No. 1, Leon Springs, Texas, Aug. 3, 1919, Dr. Geo. W. Rawson, collecter, in the Collection of Dr. Rawson. Figure 7, Calephelis rawsoni n. sp., wing venation of J* paratype No. 2, Kerrville, Texas, H. Lacy, collector, in U. S. National Museum. Figure 8, Calephelis rawsoni n. sp., side view, genitalia of para- type. Figure 9, Calephelis rawsoni n. sp., bottom view, genitalia of paratype with upper organs removed. THE CHARLES SCHAEFFER COLLECTION. Families of Coleoptera, as listed in Leng’s Catalogue, donated by Cornell University from the Charles Schaeffer collection, by his children, Mrs. Cordt G. Rose and Mr. Charles L. Schaeffer: Haliplidae Gyrinidae Hydrophilidae Staphylinidae Melyridae Eurystet h id ae Othniidae Pedilidae Anthicidae Euglenidae Helmidae Heteroceridae Dascillidae Helodidae Dermestidae Byrrhidae OsTOMIDAE Nitidulidae Rhizophagidae Cryptophagidae Mycetophagidae Lathridiidae Mycetaeidae Endomycpiidae Alleculidae Tenebrionidae Lagriidae Monommidae Platypodidae ScOLYTIDAE The following holotypes are included : OSTOMIDAE 0 stoma oregonensis Schaeffer Temnochila peninsularis Schaeffer Temnochila edentata Schaeffer T enebroides arizonensis Schaeffer Nitidulidae Nitidula nigra Schaeffer Stappiylinidae Belonuchus schaefferi Cooper Charles E. Palm. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 81 NEW MEXICAN CALLIMOMIDAE (CHALCIDOIDEA). By Osmond P. Breland/ Department of Zoology and Physiology, North Dakota State College, Fargo, N. D. In the fall and winter of 1931, Dr. Alfred C. Kinsey of Indiana University conducted the Indiana University Mexican Expedition into the western and central parts, of Mexico. During the four months in these regions, he and the other members of the party col- lected many bushels of cynipid galls from various species of oak trees. These were returned to Indiana University, put in copper wire bags, and placed in window boxes. Some time later, the adults emerged in the bags under out-of-door conditions. During the fall and winter of 1935, the Second Indiana Univer- sity Mexican Expedition was organized. Again conducted by Dr. Kinsey, this group collected Cynipidae in the eastern and cen- tral parts of Mexico, and eventually went into Guatemala. The writer was fortunate in being a member of this second expedition. Both these field trips were financed from three sources : the Na- tional Research Council, Indiana University, and by Dr. Kinsey personally. As the collected Cynipidae emerged within the copper wire bags, many families of parasitic insects likewise came from the galls. It is upon some of the Callimomidae thus obtained, that this paper is based. This family as well as some of the other families of the Chal- cidoidea is rather difficult to work with taxonomically. The writer believes, however, that the accuracy of classification within the Callimomidae in many cases would be considerably increased if more types of data were employed. Morphological characteristics are undoubtedly important in taxonomic work, but it has been demonstrated in other groups that additional data can be effectively used. The greater the variety of characteristics that are taken into consideration, the less likely is one to be deceived by paral- lelisms and convergences. 1 Thanks are due to Dr. Alfred C. Kinsey of Indiana University who has supplied me with much of this material, determined the cynipid hosts of these parasites, and who made possible a field trip into Mexico and Guatemala. The nomenclature of the cynipid hosts is supplied by Dr. Kinsey, and it includes some manuscript names, which, in all cases are to be credited to Dr. Kinsey as the author. 82 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV The writer believes that at least two other lines of approach in addition to morphology, should be employed in dealing with the species of this family. Distribution and host relationships should be taken into consideration in all cases. While it is true that many species of Callimomidae may not be limited to one species of host, the possibility that some host restriction does exist, should be con- sidered. Most careful work is necessary to determine whether host relationships will accord with such taxonomic interpretations of the host as Dr. Kinsey has made upon the Cynipidae. It also seems probable that individual variation should be em- phasized in specific descriptions, more than it has been in the past. Since only a few species of Callimomidae are known from Mex- ico, it is only natural that in some cases the writer has not been able to determine the relatives of these new species. It is hoped, however, that as more material is collected and studied, it will be possible to fit the present species into their natural position in the family. This is the first of a series of papers that the author hopes to write, dealing with Mexican and Guatemalan Callimomidae. Callimome cognata n. sp. Female: Length 4.1 mm to 5 mm, average about 4.8 mm. Average length of ovipositor about 5.4 mm. Scapes of antennae yellow to testaceous, rest of antennae black except pedicel, which sometimes has a greenish tinge. Ring joint very small, sometimes difficult to see. Segments longer than broad. Club only slightly longer than preceding antennal segment, joints of club difficult to define. Face greenish bronze to nearly all bronzy. Eyes reddish. A conspicuous ridge between the bases, of the scapes, extend- ing to the margin of the mouth, although sometimes not as noticeable below middle of face. Face sparsely punctate ventrally, striate dorsally. Dorsal portion of thorax bronzy with regions showing greenish in certain lights. The anterior portion is distinctly greenish in some specimens. Thoracic dorsum rugose, be- coming rugoso-punctate posteriorly and on the scutellum. Posterior margin of scutellum with a distinct ridge, the ridge usually green. Mesepimeron usually possesses a purplish tint. No cross furrow on the scutellum, although in some lights an indication of a fused furrow may be seen in some specimens. Metanotum somewhat carinate, with a series of depressions on the anterior margin. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 83 A series of depressions on the anterior margin of the pro- podeum. On the anterior margin of the propodeum, in the mid-dorsal line, a carina is present which extends posteriorly, and divides into three or more branches. First abdominal tergites deeply incised in the mid-dorsal line. Color of abdomen bronzy with a greenish tint in some regions. Sometimes with a wine-colored or purplish splotch , dorsally. Fore and middle coxae greenish, hind coxae green ven- trally, bronze to brassy dorsally. Femora usually greenish medially on outer surface, tipped with, or gradually fading into testaceous or rufous distally. Usually with a small rufous area proximally. Rufous on the under surface. Ven- tral margin of femora somewhat denticulate. Tibiae testa- ceous to rufous. Tarsi densely pubescent, yellowish, tipped with black. Distal portion of segments and under surface sometimes darker. Posterior tibial spurs less than one-half the length of the first tarsal segment. Middle tibial spurs somewhat longer than the posterior spurs. Stigmal vein subsessile. Post marginal vein about twice the length of the stigmal. Male : Differs from the female in sexual characters and the following: Average length about 3.2 mm. Appearance of most specimens distinctly more greenish. Face occasionally wholly bluish green with a slight coppery tinge. Dorsal por- tion of thorax sometimes almost wholly green, with coppery iridescence. Posterior portion of thorax not as distinctly rugoso-punctate. Abdomen with more green in some speci- mens. Hind coxae not as distinctly bicolored in most cases. Femora usually almost wholly greenish. Tibiae sometimes partly or wholly greenish or piceous. Host: Andricus ( ruginosus ) nimietas (Kinsey MS.) (Kinsey det). Type locality: 15 miles west of Patos, Durango, Mexico. Types: 30 Females and 11 males. Holotype and paratypes in the author’s collection. Paratype females in the United States National Museum. Labeled: Patos, 15W., Dgo., 8500 feet, Mex., 11. 11. 31, Female, Male, spring ’32. Q. striatula , Kinsey coll. ex. gall of A. {rug.) nimietas, Kinsey det. This species according to published description, seems to be somewhat related to Callimome mexicanum Ashmead. The latter, 84 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv collected from Guanajuato, Mexico, was reared from galls of An- dricus ( rhizoxenus ) championi (Ashmead 1899). Callimome cognata , however, differs from C. mexicanum as follows: The ovipositor in Callimome cognata is comparatively shorter than in C. mexicanum. The legs are differently colored in the two species. There is a V-shaped carina in both species, but in C. cognata addi- tional carinae connect to the V. The scutellar furrow is not well defined in Callimome cognata. Dr. Kinsey states that the two cynipid hosts of these two species of parasites belong to complexes which are related. The calli- momid species, therefore, possess physiological as well as morpho- logical connections. The type localities of the two species are close enough together so that relationship would not be excluded on distributional grounds. According to Huber (1927) there are specimens of Callimome mexicanum in the National Museum from Guanajuato, Mexico, the type locality, and also additional specimens determined by him from Williams, Arizona. This latter locality record while not impos- sible, might be questioned, since Callimome cognata, a related species lies between these two localities. Callimome nubila n. sp. Female: Length 3 mm to 3.6 mm. average about 3.4. Average length of ovipositor 2.6. Scapes of antennae yellow on outside surface, blackish on surface next to face, and on distal end. Pedicel, and some- times ring joint green, rest of antennae black. Segments much longer than broad, the segments being hard to define distally. Face bright green to greenish blue, sometimes purplish or iridescent. Facial carina hard to define. Thorax bright green to brilliant blue green, sometimes with purplish regions, usually with brassy markings in various re- gions. Thoracic dorsum pubescent, hairs longer toward the posterior portions of the scutellum. No sign of a scutellar furrow. Usually a distinct brassy or golden region on the lateral portion of the metanotum, lateral portion of the scu- tellum, and posterior region of the axillae. Abdomen green to greenish blue or purple, sometimes with brassy markings. On the dorsal surface, a rather large bronzy splotch medially. First tergites incised in the mid-dorsal line, the first tergite not completely overlapping the second. Coxae green, tipped with light yellow. A rather noticeable April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 85 depression present on the lateral region of the hind coxae. Rest of front and middle legs light yellow, tarsi usually tipped with brown. The hind legs except coxae, are yellow except that the femora are tipped with brown, while the tibiae are yellow proximally, fading into light brownish distally. The hind tarsi are tipped with brown. The hind tibial spurs are about one-half the length of the first tarsal segment. Stigmal vein usually petiolate. Wings with a stigmal cloud, which varies considerably. Sometimes it is hardly visible, while in other specimens it is rather dense. Male: Differs from the female in sexual features, and the following: Average length about 2.5 mm. Scapes green, sometimes slightly brownish at the ends. Antennal segments subquadrate distally. Elongate hairs on scutellum sparse to absent in some specimens. Abdomen darker than in the fe- male, sometimes nearly all bronzy. Cloud in wing usually not as noticeable as in female. Host: Biorhiza ( pulchripennis ) stelis Kinsey. (Kinsey det.). Type locality: 7 miles north of Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. Types : 35 females, and 18 males. Holotype and paratypes in the author’s collection. Paratype females in the United States Na- tional Museum. Labeled : Pachuca, Hgo., 7N, 8700 feet, Mex., 1. 1 5. 32, female male spring 32. Q. rhodophlebia , Kinsey coll. ex. gall of Bior. ( pul .) stelis, Kinsey det. It has so far not been possible to positively determine any near relative of this species. The published description of Callimome rudbeckiae Ashmead somewhat resembles this species, but before anything can be definitely determined, the types must be compared. Callimome rudbeckiae was reared from a gall on Rudbeckia, species. There does not therefore appear to be any host connection between the two species. Callimome denticulata n. sp. Female: Length 2 mm to 2.5 mm, average length about 2.2 mm. Average length of ovipositor about 1.5. Scapes of antennae green with a brassy tinge, tipped with brown proximally. Pedicel and ring joint green, rest of an- tennae black. Segments longer than broad. In some speci- mens, there is the appearance of a ring around the central portion of the segments. Face green, usually with a brassy or coppery tinge in vari- ous regions. Lower portion of face feebly punctate, the punc- tations being large but very shallow. Dorsal portion of head 86 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society V 61. XXXIV very thin anterio-posteriorly. A distinct purple region next to the outer eye margin. Thorax strongly arched. The dorsal surface green or greenish blue, usually with a brassy or coppery tint. Some- times with rather large, wholly copper colored areas. Sur- face with sparse, rather large, but shallow, depressions which are usually deeper, and which may form definite punctations on the anterior part of the scutellum. Scutellar furrow defi- nite in most specimens. Surface posterior to the furrow free of punctations. Propodeum relatively smooth except for a large depression on each side of the mid-dorsal line. Abdomen green to bluish green dorsally, sometimes with a brassy tinge. A coppery splotch is present on the dorsal sur- face medially. Ventrally, green to coppery in some specimens. First tergites incised in the mid-dorsal line. Coxae and femora greenish, in many cases with a brassy or coppery tinge, although sometimes almost wholly brown. Legs usually brown at the joints. Hind coxae usually dis- tinctly bronzy or brassy dorsally. Tibiae mostly green, but sometimes tipped with brown, or nearly all bronzy. Tarsi yellowish tipped with black. Longest hind tibial spur about one-half the length of the first tarsal segment. Hind femora denticulate with usually a small but distinct tooth present distally. Sometimes only a dentiform angle is present. No stigmal cloud in wings except as noted later. Stigmal vein subsessile to petiolate, the post-marginal vein usually not quite twice the length of the stigmal. Male: Differs from the female in sexual characteristics, and the following: Average length about 1.7 mm. Thorax usually not so strongly arched, and the thoracic depressions not as noticeable as in the female. The color of the thorax and abdomen is darker in a few specimens. Host: Feron ( crystallinum ) tostum Kinsey (Kinsey det.) Type locality: 30 miles west of Namiquipa, Chihuahua, Mexico. Types: 70 females and 45 males. Holotype and paratypes in the author’s collection. Paratype females in the United States National Museum. Labeled: Namiquipa, Chi., 30 W., 5200 feet, Mex., 10.18.31, female male 7.1.32. Q. chihuahuensis , Kinsey coll, ex. gall of Feron ( crys .) tostum , Kinsey det. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 87 There are many specimens in this series in which the antennae or other parts of the body are somewhat broken. Since, however, such a large series was studied, a composite description was easily made. This species was placed in the genus Callimome despite the presence of a definite tooth on the hind femora in most specimens. As has been mentioned previously (Breland MS) it seems that decidedly too much emphasis has been placed on the presence or absence of a tooth on the hind femora, to separate this genus from Diomorus. Despite the presence of this tooth, this species is a true Callimome. The tooth character, therefore, unsupported by other characteristics, fails in some cases to separate the genera Callimome and Diomorus. It has so far been impossible to determine with certainty any near relative of this species. Two other species of Callimome have been described that possess a tooth on the hind femur : Callimome fullawayi Huber, and Callimome texanum Hoffmeyer. These species, according to published descriptions, resemble Callimome denticulata in a few points, but since there is such a difference in others, I do not believe these insects are related. In a final anal- ysis, however, it will be necessary to compare the actual types. In studying over the specimens in this series, a rather interesting thing was discovered. As indicated in the above description, the wings of this insect do not possess a stigmal cloud. Several fe- male specimens were discovered, however, that did possess a stigmal cloud in their wings. In addition, the body color was usually somewhat darker than in the other specimens. The other characteristics of these specimens came within the range of the individual variation of the species. Because of the small number of insects exhibiting these characteristics, the author was not able to interpret this phenomenon entirely to his satisfaction. He be- lieves, however, that these specimens possibly represent mutant individuals, which have as yet not had the time or chance to extend these characteristics to the other members of the species. At any rate, because of the bare possibility that these specimens might represent another but closely related species, these insects were not included in the type series. Callimome crassa n. sp. Female: Length 2.8 mm to 4 mm. Average length about 3.5 mm. Average length of ovipositor about 3.7 mm. Scapes of antennae usually light rufous, darker at the distal tip. Pedicel bronze to greenish, rest of antennae black. Seg- 88 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv ments longer than broad. (Club broken off in all specimens.) Lower part of face coppery to purple, sometimes greenish just above base of mandibles. Usually replaced by green sometimes with a brassy tinge dorsally. Dorsal portion of thorax green to brassy or bronzy, the green specimens with a brassy to coppery tint. Only a faint indication of a fused cross furrow on the scutellum. Surface finely punctate, with indications of larger shallower puncta- tions. Other sutures easily distinguishable. Part of the meso-sternum, lower portion of mesepisternum, and sometimes prepectus, blue to purple. Usually not as much purple pres- ent as in the next species. On the anterior margin of the propodeum, on each side of the mid-dorsal line, a row of depressions is present. The lateral depressions are sometimes larger than those closer to the mid-dorsal line. Anterior abdominal tergites incised in the mid-dorsal line. The posterior tergites are comparatively thick, so that the segmentation is easily distinguished. Dorsal anterior portion of abdomen green, with a purplish bronze splotch near the center. Sometimes coppery posteriorly. Green dorso-later- ally, fading into copper color ventrally. Rarely most of the abdomen with a golden tinge. Hairs on abdominal surface sparse and not conspicuous. Front coxae greenish, middle coxae greenish or bronzy, hind coxae green ventrally, bronzy purple dorsally. Femora green, sometimes with a coppery tinge on the outer margin, sometimes bronzy. Coppery on the inner margin. Fore and middle femora tipped with yellow to light rufous, the pos- terior femora tipped with light rufous. Tibiae light rufous to piceous, sometimes with a greenish tinge; the posterior tibae usually slightly darker than the middle and fore. Tarsi yel- lowish tipped with black. Sometimes slightly darker at the joints. Hairs on under surface sometimes darker. Stigmal vein short, sessile. Post marginal usually at least twice the length of the stigmal. No indication of a stigmal cloud. Male: Differs from the female in sexual features, and the following: Average length about 2.5 mm. Distal antennal segments more sub-quadrate than in female. The antennal club is present in some male specimens, and is about one and one half times the length of the preceeding antennal segment. Scapes of antennae nearly all green or greenish blue in most April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 89 cases. Facial carina sometimes more prominent. Tibiae darker in most specimens. Head, thorax, and abdomen sometimes darker bronze in color. Host: Cynips ( dugesi ) emergens Kinsey (Kinsey det.). Type locality: 20 miles east of Pacheco, Chihuahua, Mexico. Types: 12 females and 4 males. Holotype and paratypes in the author’s collection. Labeled: Pacheco, 20 E.Chi., 10.11.31, Mex., 5400 feet, female male 7.10.32. Q. sacame, Kinsey coll. ex. gall of C. ( dugesi ) emergens. It has so far not been possible to determine with certainty any relative of these insects among described species of Callimomidae. As indicated later, however, this species is closely related to the following. Callimome nuda n. sp. Female: Length 3 mm to 4 mm. Average length about 3.5 mm. Average length of ovipositor 3.9. Scapes of antennae light rufous, dorsal portion tipped with black. Pedicel green, rest of antenna black. Segments longer than wide. (Club broken from all specimens.) Ring joint very short. Dorsal portion of face bluish to green. Mid-portion some- what bronzy, usually greenish just above bases of mandibles. Facial carina fairly prominent between bases of scapes, and in some cases to be traced to the bases of the mandibles. It is, however, less noticeable on the lower part of the face. Dorsal portion of thorax green with a coppery to brassy tint. Surface with small punctations, with indications of larger shallower depressions. An indication of a fused scutel- lar furrow in most specimens. Lower part of mesepisternum, portion of mesosternum, prepectus, and sometimes other parts of the mesopleuron, blue to brilliant purple. Usually more purple present than in the preceeding species. On each side of the mid-dorsal line, on the anterior margin of the propodeum, a series of rather large depressions, which extend a little over one-half the distance to the spiracle. First abdominal tergites incised in the mid-dorsal line. Color of abdomen dark green to bluish green basally. A defi- nite bronzy splotch present in the mid-region dorsally. Rest of abdominal surface dark green, with an undertone of brown in various regions in some specimens. Green laterally, grad- ing into bronze toward the ventral surface. Only a few sparse hairs present. Tergites comparatively thick, so that the seg- mentation is easily distinguished. 90 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV Coxae greenish, the dorsal portion of the posterior ones being bronzy. Femora green, usually with a bronzy tinge, and in some cases tipped with rufous distally. No teeth pres- ent on the hind femora. Fore and middle tibiae variable. Sometimes wholly rufous or wholly greenish piceous. At other times greenish piceous tipped 'with rufous. Posterior tibiae greenish piceous medially, sometimes lighter at each end. Tarsi yellow tipped with black. Stigmal vein sessile. Post marginal two to three times as long as the stigmal. No evidence of a stigmal cloud. Male: Differs from the female in sexual characteristics, and the following: Average length 2.5 mm. Antennal scapes dark green to piceous, sometimes lighter proximally. Tibiae never wholly rufous. Postmarginal vein slightly shorter than in female. Thorax sometimes with more blue or bluish green than in female. Host: Cynips ( dugesi ) oriens Kinsey. (Kinsey det.). Type locality: 7 miles southeast of Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Types : 8 female and 4 male specimens. Holotype and para- types in the author’s collection. Labeled: Miquihuana, Tams., 7 SE, 6000 feet, Mex., 11. 15.35, female male 11.19.35. Q. sacame, Kinsey coll. ex. gall, of C. ( dugesi ) oriens , Kinsey det. Although it has not been possible to determine any previously described relative of Callimome nuda, it is definitely related to the preceding species, Callimome crassa. A glance at the specific description, will indicate the morphological similarity. In addi- tion, these two species parasitize two closely related species of host insects. The type localities are not too far apart to preclude rela- tionship on distributional grounds. These two species, however, differ in a number of points, the following of which seem to be the most evident: The facial carina is in many cases more prominent in Callimome nuda. The dorsal region of the head and face in Callimome nuda is usually distinctly bluish in certain regions, while in Callimome crassa it is green with a distinct brassy tinge, never bluish. Calli- mome nuda possesses in most cases considerably more purple on the lateral portion of the thorax. The basal dorsal portion of the abdomen in Callimome crassa is green, while in Callimome nuda it is greenish blue to purple. The hind tibiae are usually some- what darker in color in Callimome nuda. Most of the males of Callimome nuda possess considerably more blue or bluish green April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 91 color on various parts of their body than the males of Callimome crassa. Literature Cited Ashmead, W. H. 1899. The largest oak gall in the world and its parasites. Ent. News 10: 193-196. Cameron, P. 1884. Biol. Centr. Amer., Hymenoptera Vol. 1 : 105-107. Fullaway, D. T. 1912. Gall fly parasites from California. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 20: 274-282. Hoffmeyer, E. B. 1930. Notes on some North American Callimomidae (Torymidae) (Hym. Chalc.). (Callimomid Studies 3). Ent. Meddel. 17: 213-218. Huber, L. L. 1927. A taxonomic and ecological review of the North American chalcid-flies of the genus Callimome. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 70, art. 14, pp. 1-114. Notice to Authors. — In order to attain uniformity, authors are asked to conform to “A Glossary of Entomology” for spelling, sin- gulars and plurals of terms. We do not, however, purpose to go beyond this. Each author has his own ideas as to the meanings and applications of terms ; and our undeviating policy has been, and is as always, to let every author say what he has to say in his own way. We do not intend to edit meanings or interpretations into any article. In the matter of spelling and in the explanation of terms, also, this Glossary represents the consensus of the best opinion — not the personal views of the compiler. We continue to decline to restrain any author from saying what he has to say, in his own way. — The Editor. 92 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv NEW OR INSUFFICIENTLY-KNOWN CRANE-FLIES FROM THE NEARCTIC REGION (TIPULIDAE, DIPTERA). PART V. By Charles P. Alexander, Amherst, Mass.* The preceding part under this title was published in 1938 (Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 33: 71-78). Except where indicated to the contrary, the types of the new species herein defined are preserved in my personal collection. I am greatly indebted to Messrs. Brower, Hanson, Ide, Macnab, Procter and Ting for the privilege of studying this material. Tipula (Lunatipula) macnabi n. sp. General coloration yellow, the praescutum with four more orange-brown stripes; antennae long; pleura yellow with a sparse whitish bloom ; femora black, with an obscure yellow subterminal ring, the tibiae and tarsi black; wings grayish brown, the costal border, with the stigma, darker brown; a conspicuous white obliterative area before and across cord; abdomen yellow, the tergite with three narrow brown stripes ; male hypopygium with the tergite produced into two strongly divergent, submedian, black spines ; inner dististyle with the beak very slender, the dorsal crest conspicuously serrate ; eighth sternite elongate, projecting, the apex with a fringe of unusually long setae. Male. — Length about 17-18 mm.; wing 16-17.5 mm- ; an- tenna 6 mm. Frontal prolongation of head obscure brownish yellow, sparsely pruinose above ; nasus distinct ; palpi dark. Antennae relatively long, as shown by the measurements ; scape and ped- icel light yellow, first flagellar segment brownish yellow, re- mainder of flagellum black; flagellar segments strongly in- cised; longest verticils subequal to the segments. Head gray, lighter on anterior portion and on the narrow orbits ; a more or less distinct darker median vitta. Praescutum grayish yellow, with four more orange brown stripes that are scarcely apparent against the ground ; posterior sclerites of notum buffy-yellow ; scutal lobes variegated by slightly darker areas. Pleura yellow, with a sparse whitish bloom. Halteres with stem yellow, knob weakly darkened. Legs with coxae yellow, sparsely pruinose ; trochanters yellow ; fem- * Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Massachu- setts State College. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 93 ora narrowly yellow basally, the remainder black, with an ob- scure yellow subterminal ring; tibiae and tarsi black. Wings with the ground-color grayish brown; cells C and Sc, with the stigma darker brown; a small brown spot at origin of Rs; a conspicuous whitish obliterative area before stigma and cord, crossing cell ist M2 into base of cell M3 ; a less distinct post- stigmal brightening; veins dark. Venation: Rs about two and one-half times the length of m-cu ; R2 long, nearly one-half the short Rt ; m-cu a short distance before fork of M3+4. Abdomen yellow, the tergites with a narrow brown median vitta that is slightly interrupted at the sutures; less distinct sublateral brown lines, beginning on the posterior portion of second tergite; hypopygium brown. Male hypopygium with the caudal margin of tergite produced into two black sub- median spines that are strongly divergent, separated by a V- shaped notch ; ventral surface of tergite on either side of mid- line with a small blackened point. Basistyle unproduced, but with a detached outer sclerite that is extended into a long sinuous spine. Outer dististyle at apex much enlarged into a head. Inner dististyle a compressed blade, the beak very long and slender, the high dorsal crest conspicuously serrate; base of style produced into two small sclerotized lobes, the narrower one glabrous. Eighth sternite elongate, narrowed outwardly, projecting, the slightly concave apex on either side bearing a fringe of unusually long setae, the submedian ones shorter ; on ventral surface of sternite a deeply forked median sclerotized plate. Habitat: Oregon. Holotype: .J', Boyer, September 25, 1937 ( Macnab ). Paratopo- types , 1 J1, April 15, 1937; 1 c?, July 30, 1936. Tipula ( Lunatipula ) macnabi is named in honor of the collector, Professor James A. Macnab. The fly is very different from other similar yellow species, especially in the coloration of the legs and wings, and in the structure of the male hypopygium. It most re- sembles species such as T. splendens Doane and T. lamellata Doane, but is entirely distinct. Tipula (Lunatipula) tingi n. sp. Mesonotal praescutum ochreous, with four grayish stripes that are margined with dark brown; nasus lacking; antennae with basal three segments yellow, the remainder dark; femora brownish yellow, restrictedly more darkened at tips; wings with a strong brown tinge, the stigma darker ; a broad, very 94 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV conspicuous, white band before cord, extending from costa into base of cell M3; abdominal tergites yellow, the outer seg- ments more uniformly darkened, conspicuously trivittate with darker brown, the median vitta especially broad and con- spicuous ; ninth tergite with a very broad and deep V-shaped notch ; eighth sternite with conspicuous lateral lobes that are tufted with setae, the median area with a brush of long setae. Male. — Length about 16-17 mm. ; wing 16-17 mm- 5 antenna about 5 mm. Female. — Length about 24 mm.; wing 19 mm. Frontal prolongation of head obscure yellow; nasus lacking; palpi with basal segments obscure yellow, the two outer seg- ments passing into black. Antennae with basal three seg- ments yellow; remaining segments weakly bicolored, the basal enlargements black, the apex of stem paling to reddish brown ; outer segments more uniformly blackened ; flagellar segments moderately incised; verticils conspicuous, subequal in length to the segments; terminal segment very reduced. Head with front obscure yellow, posterior sclerites brown, more grayish on posterior orbits ; vertex with a linear dusky median vitta. Mesonotal praescutum ochreous, with four gray stripes that are narrowly bordered by darker brown, somewhat more conspicuous along the mesal edges of the intermediate stripes, the anterior ends of the latter clearer gray; scutum with lobes gray, the median area yellow ; scutellum yellow, sparsely pruinose, with a capillary brown median vitta, the parascutella more dusky; mediotergite yellowish gray medially, more ashy gray on posterior third, the basal lateral portions broadly in- fuscated. Pleura yellowish gray, the mesepisternum some- what clearer gray. Halteres yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellow ; femora brownish yellow, restrictedly more darkened at tips ; tibiae and basitarsi obscure yellow, the tips narrowly darkened; outer tarsal seg- ments uniformly black. Wings with a strong brown tinge, the prearcular field and costal border clearer yellow ; stigma and a spot at tip of Sc2 darker brown ; very restricted and less evident dark seams at origin of Rs and on posterior cord; a very conspicuous white obliterative band before cord, extend- ing from vein C to the basal fourth of cell M3 ; no distinct post-stigmal brightening ; veins brown. Squama with five strong setae. Venation: Ri+2 present; Rs about two and one- half times as long as m-cu; M 3+4 nearly as long as the basal section of M3. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 95 Abdominal tergites with the ground color yellow, clearer on the more basal segments, passing into brown on the fifth and succeeding tergites ; thre£ brown stripes, the median one broad and conspicuous; lateral stripes beginning on posterior half of second tergite, widened behind, the extreme lateral borders gray; sternites brownish yellow; hypopygium pale brown. In the female, the median tergal stripe is conspicuous and vir- tually continuous but the lateral pair is broken into spots on segments two to five, inclusive. Male hypopygium with the tergite transverse, with an unusually large V-shaped notch, the lateral lobes subacute at tips. Outer dististyle spatulate on distal two-thirds or more. Inner dististyle with apical beak darkened, obtusely rounded ; a conspicuous lobe on outer margin at base; outer edge of style with unusually abundant, long, coarse setae. Each gonapophysis terminating in an acute point, before apex with a conspicuous lateral arm. Eighth sternite with conspicuous lateral lobes that are tufted with long yellow setae ; median region notched, with a brush of long conspicuous setae. Habitat: California. Holotype: J1, Marin County, bred from larvae in decaying wood and leaves, collected March io, 1935, emerged April 11, 1935 {Ting). Allot opotype, J, Paratopotype, <£, larva collected March I0, 1935, emerged April 8, 1935. Types in collection of the U. S. N. M. Tipula ( Lunatipula ) tingi is named in honor of the collector, Mr. P. C. Ting. The species is allied to several others in the western United States, apparently being closest to T. (L.) lygropis Alexander, of Santa Cruz Island. The structure of the male hypopygium is distinctive. Limonia (Limonia) pemetica n. sp. Allied to simulans; general coloration gray, the praescutum with three conspicuous, dark brown stripes; femora obscure yellow, the tips blackened, preceded by a clearer yellow ring; wings subhyaline, spotted and dotted with brown, including a series of about seven spots along vein Cu ; a single dark area involving the tip of Sc and origin of Rs; Sc schort, Set ending about opposite one-fifth the length of Rs; m-cu a short dis- tance before fork of M ; male hypopygium with the rostral spines blackened, conspicuous, widely separated; just caudad of the rostral prolongation on face of ventral style a small 96 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol, XXXIV blackened lobe covered with appressed spines ; mesalapical lobe of gonapophysis long and slender. Male. — Length about 7 mm. ; wing 8 mm. Rostrum light brown; palpi darker. Antennae brown, the flagellar incisures a little paler. Head gray. Pronotum brown, pruinose. Mesonotal praescutum gray pruinose, with three conspicuous dark brown stripes, the median one becoming obsolete before suture; scutal lobes darkened, the median area gray; posterior sclerites of notum brownish testaceous. Pleura pale, the surface gray pruinose. Halteres pale, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters pale ; femora obscure yellow, the tips blackened, preceded by a clearer yellow ring; tibiae obscure yellow, the tips narrowly and weakly darkened; tarsi pale brown, the outer segments darker. Wings relatively narrow, subhyaline, spotted and dotted with brown, including a series of four costal areas, the third involving both the fork of Sc and the origin of Rs; stigmal area confluent with a cloud at fork of Rs; a series of about seven spots along vein Cu; cord and outer end of cell 1st M2 narrowly seamed with brown ; abundant brown dots in cells of wing; veins pale brown, darker in the clouded areas. Venation: Sc relatively short, Sct ending about opposite one-fifth the length of Rs, Sc2 be- yond this origin ; a supernumerary crossvein in cell Sc at near two-thirds the length ; m-cu a short distance before fork of M ; cell 1 st M2 about as long as vein M1+2 beyond it, its inner end arcuated. Abdominal tergites dark brown, the basal sternites more yellowish ; hypopygium pale. Male hypopygium with the caudal margin of tergite emarginate, the lateral lobes broadly obtuse. Basistyle with ventromesal lobe rounded. Ventral dististyle larger than the basistyle, the rostral prolongation rela- tively slender, with two black spines that are widely separated, the outer shortly before tip of prolongation, the inner oblique, subbasal in position; on face of style, caudad of base of pro- longation, with a small curved darkened lobe covered with microscopic appressed spines; vestiture of mesal face of style consisting of abundant delicate setae. Dorsal dististyle a gently curved pale rod, the tip subobtuse. Gonapophyses with mesal-apical lobe long and slender, gently curved. Habitat: Maine. Holotype: J1, Hunter’s Beach, Mount Desert, September 24, 1935 (Brower). April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 97 Limonia ( Limonia ) pemetica is generally similar to L. (L.) simulans (Walker), yet very different in the structure of the male hypopygium. It may well have been confused in collections with simulans. It is similarly related to the Rocky Mountain L. (L.) nelliana (Alexander), which has Sc even shorter, ending oppo- site the origin of Rs. The specific name, pemetica, is derived from the Indian name of Mount Desert Island. Pedicia (Pedicia) procteriana n. sp. General coloration gray, the praescutum with four brown stripes, the intermediate pair darker than the laterals ; halteres pale throughout; femora brown, the tips somewhat darker; wings yellowish subhyaline, with the usual dark pattern of the subgenus ; dark seam along vein Cu variable, in the type reach- ing wing-margin, in the paratype ending at level of cord ; two isolated brown spots beyond cord at outer end of cell 1st M2 ; cord very oblique ; cell Mx short, subequal to its petiole ; cell i st M2 relatively long, its length about twice the maximum breadth ; cell M4 deep, its length nearly three times the width at base; abdominal tergites gray, with a conspicuous, darker gray area that is narrowly margined with brown, these areas only moderately narrowed behind ; male hypopygium with ventromesal lobe of basistyle relatively short; ninth tergite without modified groups of setae on basal-lateral portions of dorsal face; lobe of mesal face of basistyle fringed with long setae. Male. — Length about 24 mm. ; wing 22 mm. Rostrum dark, pruinose; palpi black. Antennae with the scape and pedicel black; flagellum broken. Head light gray; vertical tubercle small but distinct. Mesonotal praescutum gray, with four brown stripes, the intermediate pair separated by a capillary ground vitta, darker than the laterals ; scutum gray, each lobe with two dark areas ; median region of the transverse suture darker brown; scutel- lum more reddish gray; mediotergite gray, the posterior half more reddish. Pleura pale, sparsely pruinose; dorsopleural region dark brown. Halteres pale throughout. Legs with the coxae light gray; trochanters brown; femora brown, the tips somewhat darker; tibiae brown, the bases narrowly, the tips more broadly, blackened; tarsi black. Wings yellowish subhyaline, with the usual pattern of the subgenus ; costal border pale, especially the basal half of costal cell ; dark seam along vein Cu reaching margin as a narrow seam along distal 98 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv section of Cut ; two isolated dark spots beyond the seam at cord, one at m, the other at fork of M3+4; veins brownish yel- low, darker in the clouded areas. Trichia of veins of moder- ate length. In the paratype, the dark seam along Cu ends opposite m-cu or nearly so. Venation: Cord very oblique; cell Mi short, subequal to its petiole; cell ist M2 relatively long, its length about twice the maximum breadth; cell M4 deep, its length nearly three times the width at base. Abdominal tergites light gray, each segment with a con- spicuous, darker gray, brown margined area, narrowed behind, the width at apex about one-half the greatest diameter of the area ; incisures narrowly pale ; sternites gray laterally, with a nearly continuous median brown stripe; hypopygium dark. Male hypopygium having ninth tergite without modified brushes of setae on basal-lateral portions of dorsal surface, as in contermina ; median area of tergite produced into a de- pressed lobe, the caudal margin gently emarginate, subtended on either side by a flattened plate, the apex truncate. Basi- style with ventro-mesal lobe of moderate length, when viewed from beneath not extending caudad beyond the level of the dististyles, broad-based, stout, the apex with abundant spinous setae; viewed from above, the apex of this lobe is visible opposite the inner arm of dististyle; outer apical region of basistyle with a brush of long, dark-colored setae. Interbasal rod relatively small, with a broader flattened lobe immediately caqdad, the apex of latter fringed with long pale setae. Disti- style trifid, the outer blade more expanded, more or less cultri- form; central lobe more slender, pointed at apex and without blackened spines, as in contermina; innermost lobe very low and obtuse, densely set with short blackened spines. Habitat: Ontario, Maine. Holotype: J1, Corfield, Mount Desert, Maine, July, 1937 ( Proc- ter) . Paratype , a broken specimen, probably a female, Horning’s Mills, Ontario, June 12, 1928 (F. P. Ide). It is presumed that the adult of the holotype flew from one of the rocky mountain streams above Corfield, as perhaps Duck Brook. I take unusual pleasure in naming this striking crane-fly in honor of my friend,' Dr. William Procter, whose recently published list of the insects of Mount Desert must long remain our chief source of information concerning this fascinating region. The species is most similar to Pedicia ( Pedicia ) contermina Walker, yet is amply April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 99 distinct. The reduced ventro-mesal lobe of the basistyle of the male hypopygium is more as in P. (P.) albivitta Walker, which in other regards is entirely different. In contermina , besides the characters above mentioned, the median lobe of the tergite is shorter and broader, with the margin more deeply emarginate, the subtending plates reduced. Ventro-mesal lobe of basistyle very large and greatly produced, extending caudad beyond the level of the dististyle in both dorsal and ventral views, the mesal edge with a brush of blackened setae, additional to more normal yellow ones. Body of basistyle short and stout, with a rounded lobe on dorsal- mesal aspect; mesal lobe caudad of interbase more flattened, not conspicuously tufted with setae. Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) hansoni n. sp. General coloration of thorax almost uniformly dark brown, sparsely pruinose; halteres pale yellow; legs brownish yellow; wings subhyaline, sparsely patterned with brown, including the stigma and seams on anterior cord and along vein Cu ; pre- arcular field more whitened; numerous macrotrichia on veins beyond cord; Sc relatively short, Sc-l ending shortly beyond midlength of Rs ; R3 slightly oblique ; abdomen black. Female. — Length about 8 mm. ; wing 6.5 mm. Rostrum dark brown, pruinose ; palpi black. Antennae with the scape and pedicel brown, flagellum obscure yellow; flagellar segments with long verticils, the longest ones secund. Head brownish gray. Mesonotum almost uniformly dark brown, the surface sparsely dusted with gray, thinner on median region of praescutum, leaving the surface subnitidous; anterior lateral pretergites pale yellow ; pseudosutural foveae dark; median area of scutum a little paler. Pleura dark brownish gray. Hal- teres pale yellow. Legs with the coxae pale, sparsely pruin- ose; trochanters yellow; remainder of legs pale brownish yel- low. Wings subhyaline, sparsely patterned with brown, in- cluding the stigma and seams on anterior cord and along vein Cu ; prearcular field more whitish ; veins brown. Macrotrichia abundant on veins beyond cord. Venation : Sc relatively short, Set ending just beyond midlength of Rs, Sc2 close to its tip, about opposite midlength; R3 slightly oblique, about equal to the distance on costa between tips of veins R1+2 and R3; R± longer than R2+ 3+4; cell 1st M2 small. Abdomen black, including the genital shield and valves of ovipositor. 100 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv Habitat:. Massachusetts. Holotype : 5, Paradise Trail, Mount Toby, Franklin Co., alti- tude 600 feet, July 19, 1938 {Hanson). Rhabdomastix ( Sacandaga ) hansoni is named in honor of the collector, Mr. John Francis Hanson, student of the Plecoptera. The species is very different from all those previously described from northeastern North America, especially in the body colora- tion and sparsely patterned wings. It is closest to R. (S.) sub- fasciger Alexander, of Alberta, differing in details of coloration and venation, as the shorter Sc and more oblique R3. Ormosia broweri n. sp. Related to arcuata , differing especially in the structure of the male hypopygium. Male. — Length about 5. 2-5. 5 mm. ; wing 6-6.5 mm. General coloration of body gray pruinose. Antennae black throughout. Legs dark brown. Wings with a strong brown suffusion, cell C and the stigma darker brown. Venation: Veins R3 and R* slightly upturned at tips; vein 2nd A strongly sinuous. Male hypopygium with the lateral apophyses of the phallo- some entirely different from arcuata , appearing as relatively straight, broad-based rods, the distal fourth narrowed and deflected laterad into acute points. In arcuata , these horns subtend the central plates of the phallosome, each appearing as a slender spine, strongly arcuated at midlength, the long straight apical point directed caudad and slightly mesad. The paratypes differ very slightly in having the lateral apophyses appearing as straight, long-triangular points that are gradually narrowed to the acute tips. Habitat: Maine. Holotype: Mount Desert, near Entomological Laboratory, May 15, 1935 {Brower). Paratypes, 3 J'J', April 28, 1936; May 16, 1937. I take great pleasure in naming this interesting Ormosia in honor of Dr. A. E. Brower, whose intensive efforts have added vastly to our knowledge of the insect fauna of Mount Desert. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 101 THE SENSES OF SPIDERS. By Cyril E. Abbott, Searcy, Ark. Introductory. Since there is no such thing as a “typical” arthropod, it is im- possible to make generalizations concerning the characteristics of these animals from any one Class. It is possible, however, to compare one Class with another, for the fact that certain groups are more closely related to one another than to other arthropods is indisputable. So far as the structure and operation of sense organs is con- cerned, spiders closely resemble insects. Yet there are also some dissimilarities between the two groups. Throughout this paper the attempt will be made to compare the sensory reactions of arachnids with those of insects. In this way one may obtain more precise knowledge of the manner in which the senses of arthropods function. I. The Nervous System of Arachnids. The nervous system of arachnids is highly concentrated, even in the more generalized forms, and in spiders this concentration about reaches its possible limits. The most primitive condition is probably found in scorpions (io), which exhibit distinct segmen- tation of the thoracic ganglion, and have some of the abdominal ganglia distinct. The distribution of nerve trunks is also less specialized in scorpions than in spiders ; for, whereas in spiders those to the labrum and lateral eyes are distinct throughout their lengths, those of scorpions have a common root (9). In true spiders it is difficult to detect segmental divisions in the nervous system, even in microscopic sections. The cerebral mass or “brain” can be distinguished from the cephalothoracic nerve mass simply because the oesophagus, which passes between them, leaves only a pair of commissures connecting them. The thoracic mass is highly concentrated, and the nervous masses of the* abdo- men have disappeared or fused with those of the cephalothorax ; the nervous supply of the abdomen consisting of a pair of nerve trunks which ramify throughout the abdominal tissues. Each ap- pendage is, of course, supplied through a similar fiber from that part of the ganglionic mass nearest it. The eyes are also each supplied with a definite fiber, which in this case proceeds from the cephalic ganglion (12). 102 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv There seems to be some disagreement between authorities con- cerning the histological structure of the nervous system of spiders. Thus Handstrom (10) states that spiders are specialized forms, lacking “globuli cells and a protocerebral bridge” ; while Haller (9) insists that the globuli are much more distinct in spiders than in other arachnids ! The globuli consist of groups of specialized cells which have been assumed, on purely morphological grounds evi- dently, to have an associative function — that is, they are shunts connecting the sensory with the motor cells. They appear to cor- respond roughly to the mushroom bodies of insects. Like other arthropods, spiders have the bodies of the nerve cells (neurons) distributed in the periphery of the ganglionic mass (or masses) ; the core of the ganglion consisting chiefly of fibers from the cells. Also, like other arthropods, the arachnids have the sensory cells located ventrally and the motor cells dorsally. The concentration of the nervous system of spiders is exactly what one might expect, considering the fact that these animals have no distinct head, and no visible abdominal segmentation. II. Sense Hairs. All spiders possess hairs or spines, and in some species these are so numerous that the animal appears to “wear a fur coat.” This is especially true of the tarantulas (Avicularoidea) . Some of these hairs are sensory (11). They greatly resemble the sensory hairs of insects, though being less specialized, they do not exhibit the variety of form found in those animals. Two distinct types are present in arachnids (18) : long, movable hairs, and shorter, fixed hairs. Both Dahl (7) and Mclndoo (18) state that the long hairs are especially numerous on the legs. Dahl (7, 8) considers them auditory, but it does not seem to me that he has fully demonstrated this to be the case. There can be no doubt that the hairs are very sensitive to contact ; and this, for spiders, is a very important function, since many of them depend largely upon contact stimuli. Indubitably those species which regularly spin webs perceive vibrations by means of these hairs (2). One can scarcely consider such sensations auditory, al- though, since the distinction between felt vibrations and hearing is not great, it is often difficult to distinguish between the two. Many observers have noticed that during courtship the movable hairs of spiders are erected. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 103 III. Lyriform Organs. There is one group of sense organs peculiar to arachnids, and which are especially numerous on the bodies of spiders. These are the so-called lyriform organs or sensilla tomosa (14). They were first studied in detail by Mclndoo (18), who described them as “flattened funnels, each communicating with a sense cell.” Kaston (14) describes them in detail. According to him, each organ consists of a number of more or less parallel slits in the cu- ticular layer. The slits are separated by thick laminae, so that ex- ternally the organ somewhat resembles a grid. A thin layer of material covers the exposed surface, and a similar layer determines the inner limits of the organ. Below the cuticular part lie elon- gated, hypodermal cells and bipolar sense cells ; one sense cell for each slit of the organ. A sensory fiber from the nerve cell tra- verses the slit between the membranes, which is filled with fluid. There are single as well as compound lyriform organs. The organs are variously distributed among different species of spiders, but this distribution has no taxonomic significance. Although especially numerous on the legs and palpi, lyriform organs are found on other parts of the body. Various functions have been assigned to the sensilla tomosa. Both Mclndoo and Kaston consider them chemical sense organs. IV. Eyes. The distribution of various types among arthropods is peculiar. The crustaceans have only compound eyes, the arachnids (with the exception of ticks) have only ocelli, while insects have both. With the exception of those of house centipedes (which are compound), the eyes of myriapods are aggregations of ocelli. Fundamentally the eyes of spiders do not differ structurally from the ocelli of insects. Each consists of : 1 ) a corneous, transparent, and usually colorless cuticular lens; 2) hypodermal cells with their long axes perpendicular to the surface of the eye; 3) accessory pigment cells; 4) a retinal layer comprised of the terminal fibers of sense cells. Between certain of the hypodermal cells rods (rhab- domes) are situated (4). There are certain variations between the histological structures of median and lateral eyes of spiders which we need not consider here. (See Widmann, 31.) Of greater interest is the fact that the median eyes of some spiders 104 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXlv are equipped with muscles which, by producing horizontal and vertical rotation of the organs, are capable of bringing about a certain amount of accommodation (28, 32). The number of eyes varies in different groups of spiders. Pha- langids have but two ; the greatest number found in any species is eight. There is also considerable variation in the development of the eyes themselves ; Lycosidae and Salticidae being better equipped in this respect than other families. V. Vision. A considerable amount of study has been devoted to the vision of spiders from the morphological standpoint. Scheming (28) has determined instrumentally that the field of binocular vision is 50° for Tegnaria atrica and 8o° for Salticus scenicus. These rep- resent two extremes. The angle of complete vision is as much as i70°-i8o°. The angle of vision is not the same in all directions, even in a single species. Phalangids have a very limited angle of binocular vision (25°), which finds some compensation in their wide angle of complete vision (200° in all directions). By measuring the refractive indices of the lenses and the number of rhabdomes stimulated, Petrunkevitch (23) decided that the angle of vision for P hid dipus is 8', for Lycosa 60' and for ourselves i'. From this he concludes: “A creeping insect about 1 sq. cm. in size would be perfectly visible to the human eye at a distance of 3 m., while it would appear as a moving speck to Phiddipus , and would be totally beyond the range of vision of Lycosa Of course this is not experimental proof in the real sense. In fact there seem to have been no careful and extensive experiments made on the vision of spiders. It is quite obvious, however, even from casual observation, that visual acuity varies remarkably be- tween different species. Thus Petrunkevitch (24) observes that Dugesiella Kent si does not appear to notice even “a large object (such as the hand) in motion.” The Peckhams (21) insist that most of the North American Attidae can see “small, immovable insects” at a distance of five inches, that they see larger insects at even greater distance, and recognize members of the opposite sex at least a foot distant. As one approaches the “face” of an Attid spider with the end of a pencil or other similar object the animal “rears up” by elevating the cephalothorax, and walks backward. If one moves the object to one side of her, she quickly turns to face it. Blinded Attids do not behave in this way, and in fact become quite sluggish. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 105 Dr. Wm. Barrows informs me that he has seen a captive speci- men of Dolomedes tenebrosis seize successively eight houseflies on the somewhat slippery surface of a table. This behavior practically rules out every sense excepting visual space perception. VI. Responses to Vibration. It has long been known that spiders respond to movements of their webs, even when the object that produces the vibration can- not possibly be detected in any other manner. In fact the spider may respond in this way to objects which have absolutely no value for her. The common garden spider, Argiope ( Miranda ) aurantia, will seize the tines of a vibrating table fork touched to her web. Barrows (2) states that Epeira sclopeteria orients to vibrations of this kind; and noting that while the smaller specimens react to higher vibrations (100 to 480 per sec.), the larger ones respond to the lower vibrations (127 to 284 per sec.) ; claims this to be an adaptation of the size of the spider to that of her prey. Both Dahl (7) and the Peckhams (22) insist that these re- sponses indicate the presence of an auditory sense. On the other hand Lecaillon (16) 'points out that even the spider’s ability to distinguish differences in pitch does not prove the presence of audi- tion, since such differences may be “felt” through the web. The only indication that an auditory sense may be involved is the fact that some spiders, when deprived of webs, and resting on a solid surface, still respond to air vibrations. Wells (29), after experimenting on a number of species of Epeira and Argiope with a tuning fork (Ci 28), found that a great variety of responses were given, not all of which were positive. Some specimens, for instance, dropped from the web ; others shook the web ; and some changed position. Pirata piratica lives upon the surface of water, over which it runs (27). When an insect falls into the water, the spider quickly orients to the source of the vibrations produced, and runs in that direction until it encounters its prey. VII. The Chemical Senses. A number of experiments have been made to determine whether or not spiders possess olfactory and gustatory senses. The least satisfactory of these have been made with various essential oils (18, 22, 26) ; although the Peckhams noticed that the removal of 106 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV the palpi of Argiope riparia interferes with responses to even these substances. Considerable work of this kind has involved the mating reactions of spiders. Kaston (15), although he admits that certain species ( e.g Dolomedes scriptus ) depend almost entirely upon chemical guidance in the selection of mates, believes that in such cases mechanical stimuli are also indispensable. Savory (2 7), although he makes no definite statement to that effect, seems to think that distance chemical stimuli are operative. He further states that spiders can locate water by the vapor which it gives off. Bonnet (5) induced Dolomedes (sp. ?) to accept bits of water- soaked cotton, which, however, were abandoned after a few min- utes; but cotton saturated with meat juice was retained for several hours. Conversely, the spiders refused flies soaked in gasolene. Argiope (Miranda) aurantia (1) is very sensitive to water, especially after being deprived of it for several hours. It will seize and drink from water-soaked cotton touched to any part of its body. It does not react in this way unless touched. But if a piece of cotton soaked in beef extract is brought within 5 mm. of the palpi , it is quickly seized. Sometimes this act follows extension of the palpi toward the substance. Moreover specimens deprived of palpi, or with those organs covered with shellac, pay no atten- tion to the stimulus, although they sometimes move the chelicerae when it is brought near the legs. Similar reactions are exhibited by some other species. It seems very likely that spiders do possess an olfactory sense, although this is probably neither very keen nor very well differ- entiated from what we generally consider gustatory. A somewhat similar condition obtains among insects. Some spiders certainly respond to chemical stimuli from the op- posite sex. Is it too much to expect such a sense to operate in the selection of food? Consider the fact that most spiders do not see nearly as well as insects, that web-builders are often deceived even by vibrations, and one is forced to suspect that the spider must at least have some means of distinguishing chemically between edible and inedible substances. This is further supported by the rejec- tion by spiders of strong-smelling bugs and other insects. VIII. The Relation of the Senses to General Behavior. We have already found that spiders are very sensitive to me- chanical stimuli. Sometimes such responses take rather peculiar April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 107 forms. Thus Pholcus phalangoides, according to Murphy (20), if touched as it hangs from a single thread, spins rapidly about for several seconds. Repeated stimulations produce a rapid increase, and then a decrease in the duration of the responses, and if con- tinued, finally induce the spider to run away and hide. Petrunke- vitch (24) states that the courting male of Dugesiella hentzi behaves as if “lost” the moment he loses contact with the female. Especially curious is the behavior of the female spider toward her egg cocoon. Cocoons disguised to resemble other objects are not accepted by their owners, according to the Peckhams (21). On the other hand, spiders will acept as cocoon balls of cotton or other “fuzzy” objects. The female spider will accept the cocoon of another spider, but if she is kept from her own and all others for several days, will have nothing to do with any cocoon (17) ! Odor as well as contact may influence the animal in such instances. Chemical stimuli are certainly combined with contact in the mating of some spiders. Thus Kaston (15) was able to induce the courting reaction in Dolomedes scriptus simply by allowing the male to walk over a plate covered with the “washings” from a female of the same species. Mating appears to depend generally upon a combination of stimuli. Spiders also exhibit a variety of responses to gravity, air-cur- rents, differences in light intensity, etc. (27). Certain generalized responses to light are exhibited by spiders. Of special interest is that observed by Montgomery (19) in the case of Grammonota inornata, a species living upon the seashore. If disturbed, this spider runs landward, excepting when the sun is directly overhead, at which time it may move in any direction. This is a negative response to light reflected from the water. Some spiders respond to any large object moving above them, by running in the opposite direction (27). The so-called responses of spiders to colors (22) are probably due to differential light intensity (27). IX. Variations in Behavior. The spider is not a machine, in spite of the efforts of some stu- dents to define its activities on this basis (27). This is amply demonstrated by the variations in the behavior of even the same spider upon different occasions. Berland (3) found that Nemo- scolous laurae modifies the form of its web when confined. Both Wells (30) and Porter (25) emphasize the fact that such varia- tions are numerous and easily observed. 108 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv Variations occur especially in the making of the web, method of feeding, mating, treatment of progeny, etc. Lecaillon (17) describes some of these peculiarities of behavior in detail. If a female Theridium lineatum is placed in the presence of several cocoons, she will bind three or more of them together. If two females of Chiracanthium carnifex are placed upon one web, they will each take possession of a part of it and defend it as her terri- tory. Porter (25) explains these variations in behavior by saying that, although they cannot be considered intelligent, they are adaptive in the sense that those most favorable are preserved. This seems to be a very sensible conclusion. X. Social Spiders. Jambunathan (13) has called attention to the social habits of Stegodyphus sarsinorum, a spider indigenous to southern India. A number of spiders spin a large, communal web, having a central, more compact, place of retreat; the remainder of the web serving as a snare. A large insect is often shared as food by several spiders, and several members of the colony work together to repair or extend the web. Adult females have also been observed to leave prey they had captured to their young. Males and females inhabit the web in about equal numbers, apparently amicably. During the winter the walls of the inner refuge are thickened. An editorial note appended to the above paper states that prob- ably all species of Stegodyphus are communal, and that so also is Uloborus republicans of tropical America. XI. Concluding Remarks. This paper has exhausted neither the literature concerning, nor the experimental possibilities of the senses and behavior of spiders. Indeed one of the outstanding facts is that there is really very little known concerning the whole matter. Although less complicated in structure and less diversified in form than insects, the spiders are by no means “simple animals.” There are no simple animals. I sjiould like to append a few problems in spider psychology that are badly in need of investigation. 1. No one, so far as I am aware, has ever made experiments to determine the reflexes associated with the different parts of the arachnid nervous system. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 109 2. A more careful study of the exact functions of the tastile hairs should be made. 3. Careful investigation should be made of the chemical senses, especially as concerns their location and manner of operation. 4. Responses of spiders to moisture should be greatly amplified. 5. Responses to vibration require further investigation ; especially the possible effect of air vibrations alone. 6. Extensive experiments should be made on responses to dif- ferential light intensity and color, with a view to discovering whether or not these are distinct reactions. 7. Apparently no one has ever tested the space perception of Lycosids, Salticids, and other spiders with better developed eyes. 8. Some of the more obscure phases of spider psychology are awaiting discovery through more extended experiments on the responses of spiders to their egg cocoons. Literature Cited. 1. Abbott, C. E. 1931. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 31, pp. 212-214. 2. Barrows, W. M. 1915. Biol. Bub, 29, pp. 216-235. 3. Berland, J. 1917. Arch. Zook, 56, pp. 134-138. 4. Bertkau. 1886. Arch. Micros. Anat., 27, pp. 589-631. 5. Bonnet. 1924. C. R. Soc. Biol. France, 91, pp. 1194-1196. 6. Breckner, R. M. 1923. Ent. News. 34, pp. 78-84. 7. Dahl, F. 1917. Zool. Anz., 3 7, pp. 522-539. 8. Dahl, F. 1920. Zool. Anz. 51, pp. 215. 9. Haller. 1912. Arch. Micros. Anat., 79, 10. Handstrom, B. 1923. Jour. Compar. Neurol., 35, pp. 249-274. 11. Hilton, W. A. 1912. Pomona College Jour. Ent., 4, pp. 810. 12. Hilton, W. A. 1912. Pomona College Jour. Ent., 4, pp. 832. 13. Jambunathan, N. S. 1905. Smithsonian Miscel. Col., 47, No. 1548. 14. Kaston, J. B. 1935. Jour. Morphol., 58, pp. 189-206. 15. Kaston, J. B. 1936. Ent. Amer., 16, pp. 97-152. 16. Lecaillon, M. A. 1906. C. R. Soc. Biol., France, 60, pp. 770-772. 17. Lecaillon, M. A. 1906. Bui. Inst. Gen. Psych., 6, pp. 127-146. 18. Mclndoo, N. E. 1911. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc., 63, pp- 375-418. 110 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV 19. Montgomery, T. H. 1911. Biol. Bui., 20, pp. 71-76. 20. Murphy, R. C. 1914. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Jour., 22, pp. 173- 174. 21. Peckham, Geo. & E. 1894. Wis. Acad. Sci., Trans., 10, pp. 231-261. 22. Peckham, Geo. & E. 1887. Jour. Morphol., 1, pp. 383-419. 23. Petrunkevitch, A. 1907. Jour. Expt. Zool., 5, pp. 275- 309. 24. Petrunkevitch, A. 1911. Zool. Jahrbr., (Syst.), 31, pp. 355-376. 25. Porter, J. P. 1906. Amer. Jour. Psychol., 17, pp. 306-357. 26. Pritchett, A. H. 1904. Amer. Nat., 38, pp. 859-867. 27. Savory, T. H. 1934. Jour. Queckett Micros. Club, 1, pp. 1-12. 28. Scheming, L. 1914. Zool. Jahrbr., (Anat.), 37, pp. 369-464. 29. Wells, F. L. 1936. Psyche, 43, pp. 10-13. 30. Wells, F. L. 1937. Sewanee Review, 45, pp. 75-90. 31. Widmann, E. 1907. Zool. Anz., 31, pp. 755-762. 32. Widmann, E. 1907. Ztschr. wiss. Zool., 90, pp. 258-312. After this paper was prepared I encountered an interesting refer- ence which should be included. This was published by H. Blumen- thal in 1935 (Ztschr. wiss. Zool., 29, pp. 667-719). The author has demonstrated on the legs and palpi of both sexes of most of the species examined, microscopic pits, each bearing a conical promi- nence, and communicating with a sense cell. The organs are absent in the more primitive families of spiders {e.g., Filistatidae Tele- midae, etc.). Spiders possessing the organs can detect the presence of a great variety of chemical substances in extreme dilutions: for example they distinguish between water and .7 per cent solutions of sugar, salt, and saccharine. Excision of the organs eliminates the responses. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 111 THREE NEW SPECIES OF BROCHYMENA (PEN- TATOMIDAE) FROM THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO. By Herbert Ruckes, College of the City of New York, New York City. During examination of a number of different collections of the genus Brochymena several series were recently set aside as not con- forming to already known species. The characters of these insects are such as to warrant the erection of new species for them. The following are the descriptions of these from collections of the United States National Museum, of the California Academy of Sciences, the private collection of Mr. H. G. Barber, of Washing- ton, D. C., and the author’s personal one., Brochymena barberi, n. sp. (Fig. i).* Closely allied to B. aculeata Dist. but differs in several very im- portant characters. Form broadly oval, sub-depressed; connexi- vum distinctly explanate ; color dull yellowish gray to brown gray ; head widest just in front of eyes then gently converging as far as the acute, large sub-apical teeth; in B. aculeata the sides are more nearly parallel ; lobes of the juga extend beyond the tylus by about a distance equal to their width there ; lobes are obliquely acute and tend to flare outward (Fig. i-a), not truncated and straight as in B. aculeata (Fig. i-e) ; disc quite densely nigro-punctate, the punc- tures tend to be elliptical rather than circular; a small tubercle, sometimes acute, just in front of each eye; surface of pronotum moderately undulant with the smooth areas about the calli rather small, long and thin, not rounded and embossed ; punctures crowded, a pair of smooth, pale vermiculate markings at inner back corner of calli; antehumeral sinus quite prominent and disc there impressed; humeri quite rectangular and protrude prominently, their dorsal surfaces somewhat transversely rugose; each humerus terminates in a pair of prominent divergent teeth between which are two or three smaller ones (Fig. i-a) ; a third large tooth oc- curs at the anterior basal border of the humerus; pronotal mar- ginal teeth are four to five in number, are very long, narrow and very sharp; the basal third of the scutellum gibbose, its highest point well above the disc of the pronotum; a weak saddle between the lateral portions of this raised area, this bordered with a pair * The drawings of head and genitalia of B. aculeata were made by Mr. W. E. China of the British Museum to whom I am indebted for notes on Distant’s type of that species. 112 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv of smooth, crescentic yellowish bars; four obscure fuscous bands of larger pits longitudinally across the gibbose area; median scu- tellar carina broad and not very high, the disc laterally somewhat depressed into a pair of shallow furrows ; scutellar apex narrowly rounded, paler with fewer fuscous punctures in apical third; tip slightly upturned; elytra with punctures gradually congesting api- cally ; basal fourth with evident smooth calloused pale areas ; discal spot calloused and prominent; membrane hyaline with markings dark fuscous, the vermiculate ones between the veins quite large ; connexivum alternated, with the pale band triangular in outline, the apex pointing inward ; posterior angles of, at least the first three visible, abdominal segments prominent and acute, projecting strongly from the edge (Fig. i-b) ; in B. aculeata these angles are not prominent, do not project and are rectangular; edge of buccula feebly sinuate ending in a sharp tooth ; the frontal edge of the jugum is strongly sinuate (Fig. i-c) ; in B. aculeata the buccular tooth is blunt and the frontal edge of the jugum is more nearly obliquely truncate (Fig. i-f) ; the middle portion of the ventral thorax dull yellow with some scattered reddish fuscous punctures ; the lateral half of the ventral thorax darker; the intercoxal darker blotches on mesosternum are continuous across the segment ; the coxae, trochanters and basal third of femora dull yellow; distal two thirds of femora heavily spotted with deep fuscous, this form- ing a broad band apically, there interrupted with an incomplete annulus of pale; fore tibiae dilated apically ; almost to the extent found in B. haedula and much greater than found in B. aculeata; ventral abdominal segments rather flattish, dull orange to yellow brown with scattered fuscous punctures which become darker fus- cous laterally and there form some horse-shoe-like markings; ros- tral furrow shallow; beak long, reaching at least the front edge of the third visible segment; basal valves of female genital plates very convex; the posterior face of each sharply declivent and deeply impressed ; a fuscous or reddish fuscous border reaches about half- way up the declivent face; intervalvular sinus deep and broad; male cup broadly oval in the outline with the claspers very distinctive, the head of the visible lobe triangular in outline, the apex pointing downward and the face slightly concave (Fig. i-d) ; the claspers of B. aculeata are not triangular in outline but narrowly elongate somewhat like those of B. haedula (Fig. i-g) ; the proctiger orange brown, its sides distinctly concave and a broad carinate ridge evi- dent ; this has an obtuse bend in it dorsally. Size : Female : 14 mm. long ; 8 mm. across humeri ; 8J mm. across abdomen. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 113 Male : 13^ mm. long ; 8 mm. across humeri ; 8^ mm. across abdomen. There is close relationship to B. aculeata shown in the size of the pronotal and humeral teeth, the long juga, the general color and the outline of the male genital cup ; the main differences are the sharp buccular tooth in B. barberi , the obliquely flaring juga, the sharp angulation of the abdominal segments, the dilated fore tibiae, the distinctly triangular outline to the posterior face of the male paramere. Described from eight specimens, three males and five females. Holotype: Female: Sonoita, Santa Rita Mts., Arizona. Col- lected by H. Ruckes, July 21st, 1937, and deposited in the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History. Allotype: Male: Sonoita, Santa Rita Mts., Arizona. Collected by H. Ruckes, July 21st, 1937. Author’s collection. Paratypes: Four females and one male in the collection of the United States National Museum, all from the Huachuca Moun- tains in Arizona and bearing no date labels. One male specimen in the H. G. Barber collection, this dated July 28, 1905, from the Huachuca Mts., Arizona. Since writing this description, I have received specimens from the collection of the University of Kansas. I wish to add four paratypes to the list; two females, Sta. Rita Mts., Ariz.; July (F. H. Snow) ; one male, Huachuca Mts., Ariz., August 1, 1927 (P. A. Readio) ; one male, Sta. Rita Mts., Ariz.; August 18, 1935 (B earner) . I take pleasure in naming this species after my friend, Mr. H. G. Barber, one of the leading American hemipterists of our time. Brochymena barberi var. diluta, new variety. Very similar to B. barberi but with sufficient difference in im- portant characters to warrant being separated into a varietal cate- gory. In var. diluta the principal characters defined for the species barberi are all present in a reduced form, i.e., the color is lighter, the teeth shorter, the angulation of various parts more obtuse, etc. ; hence the application of the term diluta. In var. diluta the lobes of the juga do not extend beyond the end of the tylus or if so by only a very small distance; the apex of the head before the teeth is less acutely triangular; the humeral teeth are not as long as in B. barberi and are more blunt; the posterior angles of the ab- dominal segments are distinctly not acute, tending to be more rectangular and even obtusely rounded ; the basal area of the scu- 114 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv tellum is raised but not gibbose, there is still a weak saddle between the halves; the frontal edge (side view) of each jugum is less sinuate and more nearly arcuate than in barberi; the ventral ab- dominal surface is more yellowish and the punctures are lighter; there is much more pale on the lateral portion of each abdominal segment and the characteristic horse-shoe-shaped marks on each segment are less distinct and may even be obsolete. The male and female genitalia are identical with those of the typical barberi; since no other relatives in the genus, as now known, have these distinctive characters there is no question of relationship between this variety and the typical species. Since all the speci- mens, in the collection I have examined, are from Texas, this variety may be an eastern representative of the species. Described from six specimens from western Texas. Holotype : Female : Size 13-J mm. x 8J mm. : Brownsville, Texas ; June, 1901. Collection of Mr. H. G. Barber, Washington, D. C. Allotype: Male: Size 12^ mm. x mm.: Brownsville, Texas; May, 1903. Collection of United States National Museum. Paratypes: Brownsville, Texas, May, 1903; Brownsville, Texas, no date (both in the H. G. Barber Coll.) Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, Texas, July 30th, 1931 ; Kerrville, Texas, June 19, 1908 (both in the U.S.N.M. Coll.). I wish to add four more paratypes to this series, found in the University of Kansas collection. Two females, Hidalgo Co., Texas, August 14, 1928 (Beamer) ; one female, Brownsville, Texas, June (Snow) ; one male, Cameron Co., Texas, August 3, 1928 (Shaw). Brochymena usingeri, n. sp. (Fig. 2). Form broadly oval, somewhat depressed; venter not appreciably convex; color, medium fuscous with a tinge of reddish, shiny; diameter of the head in front of eyes slightly wider than distance from that line to apex of head; sides very slightly converging, the edges of the juga but weakly bent inward from edges of the head behind the subapical teeth; juga longer than the tylus and exceed- ing it by about a length equal to the width of one jugum at that point; inner margins of the juga lobes parallel so that a conspicu- ous rectangular sinus appears between them (Fig. 2-a) ; subapical teeth broadly triangular; distal half of tylus, apical lobes of juga and a third of the subapical teeth, impunctate and pale; puncta- tions of the head irregular with a tendency to coalesce; pronotum with antehumeral sinus weak and inconspicuous, so that front edge of humerus and margin of pronotum are nearly a continuous line; front half of pronotal disc with irregular punctures, many coa- April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 115 lescing into corroded areas about the calli ; front half of disc pro- vided with obliquely elongated, smooth, irregular island-like, raised, pale areas; posterior half of disc with rather regular and uniform circular nigro-fuscous punctures of medium size; crest of each humerus with a prominent oblique smooth pale band; just inside of this an oblique rugose band of broad, black punctures cuts across the shoulder; marginal pronotal teeth concolorus with the pale markings on head and pronotum ; teeth four to seven in number with smaller ones interpolated between them ; humeri with one or two minute crenulations at the most, otherwise edentate; the most striking character of this species lies in the flat-topped nature of the raised basal portion of the scutellum, the whole surface appear- ing truncated as in B. affinis , this region is suffused with reddish; the posterior surfaces of this raised portion become declivent and a broad median elevation, broader than a carina, extends to the apical third of the shield; the frenum ends posterior to the middle of the scutellar edge so that the apical tongue is short; punctures on the basal raised portion large, deep and irregular, tending to coalesce at the lateral thirds, there forming a broad, oblique corroded band just inside the basal corners and separated therefrom by a narrow, oblique, smooth raised line of pale; middle portion of scutellum with rather uniform shallow nigro-fuscous punctures of medium size ; punctures at the apical fifth suddenly become much smaller and more condensed; elytral punctures small, shallow and regular, interspersed with numerous small irregular smooth points; mem- brane somewhat infused with deep orange brown, the veins and vermiculate markings darker reddish fuscous not outlined by a pale border of membrane; exposed edge of connexivum alternated with dull yellow and dark brown, punctures small and scattered; incisures between segments raised and pale; posterior angles of abdominal segments inconspicuous and distinctly obtuse (Fig. 2-b) ; edge of the buccula sinuate and ending in a prominent stout acute tooth which tends to be concave on its front edge (Fig. 2-c) ; basal antennal segment paler than the remaining four which are nigro-fuscous; segment two somewhat shorter than segment three; segment three, four and five subequal; fore tibiae stoutish and gradually dilating toward the apex ; femora with fuscous macula- tions tending to coalesce into longitudinal vittae; a longitudinal pale stripe on front and back surfaces of the femora; a subapical incomplete pale annulus present, this most noticeable on the fore femora; tibiae annulated as in allied species; second joint of each tarsus pale above, other parts fuscous ; metasternal evaporating area conspicuously pale with a contrasting dark auricle which ends acutely and is well raised above the surrounding disc; ventral 116 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xzxiv abdominal color dull orange brown with a few widely scattered inconspicuous punctures, these most abundant laterally where they become darker and form horse-shoe-shaped designs near the edge of each segment; rostral groove long, broad and shallow the beak reaching at least the middle of the second visible segment; inner apical corners of basal valves of female genital plates reddish brown together forming a dark narrow triangle in the middle of the geni- talia; narrow inner border of each basal plate slightly impressed, certainly not raised or reflexed ; male genital cup with lateral corners quite prominent, not so prolonged as in B. affinis or B. hoppingi but longer than those of B. quadripustulata ; upper sur- face of each male clasper broadly oval in outline, the under sur- face provided with a high carina; the proctiger broad, sides convex, without a median keel of any kind; the upper lip of the genital cup deep nigro-fuscous, provided with a pair of stout prominent spurs pointing in direction of claspers. Size: Female: mm. long; 9 \ mm. across humeri. Male: i6f mm. long; 8^ mm. across humeri. The form of the male claspers and the convex sides of the proc- tiger suggest affinity to B. sulcata Van D. and B. affinis Van D., though there is no deep sulcus across the posterior face of the cup nor are the corners of the cup extended ; the general build is some- what like that of B. quadripustulata though the juga are not so long and do not meet or overlap in front; the color is a yellowish fuscous suffused with reddish giving a lighter appearance than in that species ; the surface of the body is quite faceted and shiny. Described from nine specimens, seven females and two males all collected by R. L. Usinger (after whom the species is named) and H. E. Hinton. Holotype: female, Tejupilco, Temascaltepec, Mexico. June 20, 1933. Museum, California Academy of Sciences. Allotype: male, Tejupilco, Temascaltepec, Mexico. June 20, 1933. Museum, California Academy of Sciences. Paratypes: Four females and one male from the type locality and dated June 20-29, 1933. One female from Rio de Arriba, Mexico, dated June 9, 1933. One female from Bejucos, Mexico, July 3, 1933- Brochymena humeralis, n. sp. (Fig. 3). Form broadly oval; color grayish yellow brown, shiny; not ap- preciably depressed and the dorsal surface faceted ; the head as long before the eyes as wide just in front of them; sides of head con- verging to a subacute apex; subapical teeth not large, acute; the April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 117 sinus acute ; edges of the juga bend inwardly away from the margin of the head behind the subapical teeth ; juga do not or only slightly extend beyond the tylus, their tips acute ; apex of head narrowly triangular and subtruncate (Fig. 3-a) ; the most striking character of the species appears in the protruding prominent humeri (Fig. 3-a) ; the lateral margin of the pronotum has a well defined and deep antehumeral sinus , the front edge of each humerus meeting the long axis of the pronotum almost at right angles ; the apex of the humerus is acute and slightly produced; a short, rugose band of black pits cuts obliquely across the base of each humerus ; mar- ginal teeth of pronotum four to six in number, small and irregular with smaller ones interpolated; front margin of humerus with three retrorse serrations, apex acute and smooth; punctures of pronotum mixed in size; a pair of irregular, longitudinal, short bands of deep, large black pits extends across the highest points of the posterior half of the pronotal disc; basal portion of the scutel- lum raised and quite convex but not tumid; punctures and pits of various sizes and mixed throughout ; there is a band of deep cor- roded pits obliquely across each basal corner and some obsolescent dark, pitted vittae across the median third; the elevated portion continues posteriorly as a broad, short convex ridge, thicker than a carina ; posterior half to two-thirds undulating ; the f renum ends posterior to middle of scutellar edge and the apical tongue is rather short; elytral punctures large and fewer basally becoming gradually finer and coalescing apically; numerous substellate white points and reticulations scattered over the surface; a discal point prominent; membrane hyaline with a fulvous tinge; veins and vermiculate markings bright reddish brown and without pale mem- branous borders ; connexivum alternated dull yellow and brown ; some fulvous punctures in the yellowish band; incisures raised and pale; posterior angles of abdominal segments prominently protruding and rectangular (Fig. 3-b) ; edge of buccula shallowly sinuate and ending in a stout acute tooth, tending to have a con- cave front edge (Fig. 3-c) ; first and second antennal segments dull reddish brown, remaining ones darker brown becoming fuscous; segments two and three essentially subequal ; segment four the longest; maculations of legs reddish brown to fulvous rather than fuscous, color design similar to allied species; fore tibiae stoutish slightly dilated apically giving a subclavate outline; metasternal evaporating area pale, orifice opens laterally; the crateriform base well elevated and auricle relatively short and dark and well raised above surrounding disc; ventral abdominal segments dull yellow with a scattering of rufous to fuscous punctures, pubescence sparse and silky pale ; horse-shoe-shaped lateral designs on each abdomi- 118 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXir nal segment obsolescent or inconspicuous ; rostral groove long and shallow, beak reaching at least the front margin of the third visible segment; inner narrow margins of the basal valves of the female genital plates very narrowly upturned or re flexed, so that, when valves are tightly closed there appears to be a thin median carina between them. Size: Female: 18 mm. long; io mm. across the humeri. The species is somewhat like B. quadripustulata with its promi- nent rectangular angles on the abdominal segments; like B. caro- linensis with its faceted dorsal surface and prominent humeri, which in B. humeralis are still more pronounced, like B. cariosa with its acute juga and compound carina-like ridge between the basal valves of the female genital plates. Described from five specimens, all females, collected by R. L. Usinger and H. E. Hinton at Bejucos and Tejupilco, Temascal- tepec, Mexico, June 29th to July 5th, 1933. Type: Female, Bejucos, Temascaltepec, Mexico, July 2, 1933. Museum, California Academy of Sciences. No allotype is now known. Paratypes: four females, Tejupilco, Temascaltepec, Mexico, June 29th and July 5th, 1933; two deposited in Museum, Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences and two retained by the author. Andrallus spinidens Fabricius in the U. S. — C. A. Hart, in 1919 (The Pentatomoidea of Illinois, 111. Nat. Hist. Surv., Bull. XIII : 198) reported the capture of a specimen of this large aso- pine at Brownsville, Texas. However, in 1917 Dayton Stoner described “A New Species of Apateticus from Louisiana” (Ent. News, XXVIII : 462-463) under the name Apateticus ludovicianus. The description and the figure show clearly that the new species belongs in Andrallus Bergroth ( Audinetia Ellenrieder), and not in Apateticus auctt. The description and the figure of Apateticus ludovicianus indi- cate a form with prominent blunted humeral spines, while in Andrallus spinidens these are acute. But the pale apex of the scutellum and narrow border of the corium, together with the calloused impunctate transverse carina of the pronotum running between the humeri, are characteristic of the second named species. At the moment, and in the absence of further authentic speci- mens from our Gulf States, it might seem best to synonymize A. ludovicianus Stoner with A. spinidens Fabricius. Should further similar specimens turn up, Stoner’s name may stand for a second species of Andrallus , distinguished by the blunted humeral spines or processes. — J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, Tucson, Arizona. Fig.^ humera//s 120 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV NEW FORMS AND SPECIES OF THE GENUS CATA- STICTA — I (PIERXDAE: RHOPALOCERA), By F. Martin Brown, Colorado Springs, Colo. In making the first complete revision of any large genus of in- sects the revisor is faced by the problem of unnamed forms. This genus presents a particularly difficult problem in this respect since it seems to contain many very variable species. Whether the varie- ties of these are worth naming or will only add to the synonymy is always a question. I have used new names only in cases where they seem to be needed for a clearer picture of the group. This paper is devoted to the nova in the revision, now complete and awaiting publication. However, to facilitate the task of other workers I feel that publication now is warranted, particularly since publication of the final papers is still remote because of the great volume of the revision. All forms will be figured in the published revision. This first paper describes material from the author’s col- lection and from the collections in the Zoological Museum, Uni- versity of Berlin, Germany, and in the National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France. Catasticta corcyra corcyra female form linea, n. form. Upperside : This form differs from the normal female form, which is identical with the males in pattern and maculation, in the following respects : there is a narrow triangular extension of the dark costal line along the entire length of the discocel- lulars on the forewing ; on the hindwings the nervules are lined with dark scales almost as far as the cell, there is a smudge of dark scales connecting the basad ends of these lines on the median-three and lower radial nervules ; the terminals of the lines are greatly expanded into rounded smudges of dark scales on the margin ; the dark outline of the entire wing is heavy. Underside : These surfaces are normal. Type locality: “Peru.” Repository of type: Zoological Museum, University of Berlin, Germany. This variation is of the same type as C. not ha f. pieridoides (Felder). Catasticta prioneris hegamon female form tincta, n. form. This form differs from the typical females in that the white pattern is replaced in bright yellow. It has the same relation to hegamon that flava Roeber has to sisamnus pitana. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 121 Type locality: Cachi, Costa Rica. Repository of type: United States National Museum, Washing- ton, D. C. Catasticta subflava form collina, n. form. . Male — Upperside : Differs in one respect from typical sub- flava, the basic light color is pure white and not pale yellow. Underside : Identical in maculation with subflava. The color differences are the lack of yellow cast over the entire surface on both wings and the replacement of the bright yellow marks with very pale yellow. Female — Upperside : Similar to the male. The chief dif- ference is that the discal band of white is broader on both wings and free of dark scaling in the interspaces. The outer margin of the band on the hind wings is curved not straight as in the male. The limbal series on both wings is obsolescent. Underside : as in the males. Average length of the costal margin of the forewing: 24 mm. (21-25). Type localities and repositories of the types : Holotype male: Callanga, Cuzco, Peru, 1500 m. ; Zoological Museum, University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Allotype female: Rio Aguacatal, Cauca, Colombia 2000 m. ; National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France. Paratype males 1-3 ; same data as holotype. Paratype male 4; Rio Madre de Dios, Peru, 2200 m. ; National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France. Roeber in the addenda to Seitz’ Macrolepidoptera Volume V considers these specimens in the Staudinger Collection at Berlin to be susiana. Although close to that species their general appearance is sufficient to separate them. Catasticta collina is a Staudinger manuscript name. Catasticta chelidonis form teara, n. form. Upperside : This is a pale form of the stem-species. On these surfaces the rich ochre-yellow of the discal zone on chelidonis is reduced to buff. The basal dark area on the forewings is expanded slightly restricting the discal band. The nervules are a little more heavily marked than on the type of chelidonis. Underside : The same general statement holds true for these surfaces. The light discal band on the forewing is almost white. The marginal series on the hindwing is produced inwardly somewhat reducing the pearly submarginal markings. 122 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXlV Type locality: San Jacinto, Bolivia, 2000 m. Repository of the types : Holotype male and two paratype males all with the same data in the Zoological Museum of the University of Berlin, Berlin, Ger- many. The name applied is Staudinger’s manuscript under which the specimens stand in the above collections. Catasticta chelidonis female form chelalba, n. form. In this form of the female the basic dull yellow color is com- pletely replaced by white. On the underside of the wings the yellow streaks and dashes are very pale. One of the para- types in the Berlin Museum is slightly lemon yellow, not pure white as is the type. Type localities and repositories of the types : Holotype: Pararonti, Chapare, Bolivia, February; coll. F. Martin Brown. Paratypes: Marcapata, Peru, in National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France; Chaco, Bolivia, in Zoological Museum, University of Berlin, Germany; Rio Songo, Yungas, Bolivia, in Zoological Museum, University of Berlin, Germany. Catasticta chelidonis female form chelaura, n. form. In this form the yellow is replaced by bright orange on the upper surfaces. The underside has a distinct orange tone, possibly to some degree transmitted from the upper surfaces. All the pattern is intensified on the underside. Type locality and repository of the type : Holotype: Bolivia, in the Staudinger Coll, at the Zoological Museum, University of Berlin, Germany. Catasticta suasa feldera. Upperside : The maculation is as in suasa but much more distinct. This has been brought about by a marked reduction of the suffusion that all but completely obscures the lighter basic color on suasa. The light basic color is pale yellow, not white as it is on suasa. Underside : Here the difference in basic color is more clearly seen. The discal band of the forewing of feldera is yellow buff and of suasa white. On the hindwings the brown marginings of the marginal series almost obliterate the pearly submarginal markings. This is not true of suasa. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 123 Female - — Upperside: At first glance there seems to be a marked difference between the sexes. However, this is due merely to the absence of suffusion across the discal band of the female. The light color is white, tinged with yellow toward the costal and the anal margins of the hindwings. Underside : This is the same as in the males, with the discal bands only tinged with yellow. Type localities and repositories of the types : Holotype: male — Road between Cocopunco and Pararani, 10,000 to 5,200 feet, Bolivia, March 29, 1926; American Museum of Natural History, New York. Allotype: female — same locality but taken March 26, 1926; American Museum of Natural History, New York. Paratypes: males, 1 and 2 — Rio Songo, Yungas, 1200 m., Bolivia; Zoological Museum, University of Berlin, Berlin, Ger- many. The holotype and allotype were collected by Mr. G. H. H. Tate of the museum staff. Catastica philomene form philomelas, n. form. C. chelidonis Roeber not Hopffer, Seitz, Macrolepid. V, p. 71. Male: This form of the species is easily separated from the normal form by the almost total lack of suffusion on the discal band on the upper side of the hindwings and the paler character of the yellow in the maculation on the underside. Roeber in Seitz’ Macrolepidoptera Vol. V, page 71, confused this form with C. chelidonis Hopffer. The name I apply is the one that Staudinger used in manuscript form. Type locality : Chaco, La Paz, Bolivia, 3-5000 m., Bolivia. Repository of types: Holotype and five paratype males, all the same data, Zoological Museum, University of Berlin, Berlin, Ger- many. Catasticta philomene punctata form hypoleuca, n. form. This form bears the same relation to punctata that philo- melas does to philomene. The discal bands are lighter in color and broader. The overscaling of dark color in these bands is greatly reduced giving them a distinctly white appear- ance rather than greenish as in punctata. On the underside the discal band of the forewing is white and a little broader than in punctata and the yellow maculations a little smaller. 124 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv Type localities and repositories of the types : Holotype: male, Callanga, Prov. of Cuzco, Peru, 1500 m. Zoo- logical Museum of University of Berlin, Germany. Paratype: male, Rio Madre de Dios, 2200 m., Peru. National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France. The name is one in Staudinger’s manuscript found on the male type. Catasticta philomene race philodora, n. race. Upperside: Resembles closely the Bolivian form philomene, differing from it in having all of the lighter areas slightly larger. The dark limbal band on the hindwing barely en- croaches upon the cell. The limbal spots are about twice as large as on philomene, and the marginal spots on the hindwing are much more evident. Underside : These surfaces also resemble those of philo- mene, however, the yellow ground color seems to be a little darker, and all of the yellow spots, especially on the hindwing, much larger. There is also considerable yellow scaling in the apical region of the forewing. Holotype: a male, Rio Blanco, Rio Pastazo watershed, Eastern Ecuador. 2,000 meters, April 10, 1936. Paratypes : 1-1 4-same data as type. Collected between April 2, and May 1, 1936. 15- Banos, Ecuador. 2,000 meters. February 2, 1936. 16- same data. February 28, 1936. 18-19-Rio Pastazo watershed. 1,600 meters. Ecuador. April 2, 1936. 20- Guama, Rio Pastazo watershed. 2,500 meters. May, 1936. 21- Yungilla, Rio Pastazo, Ecuador. 1,800 meters. September 16, 1936. All of the specimens were collected by Mr. William Clark-Mac- Intyre. They are in the coll, of F. Martin Brown. Catasticta distincta form ecuadora, n. form. Male — Upperside : This differs from typical distincta in the basic light color. In distincta this is pure white, in ecuadora pale yellow. This changes the general appearance so com- pletely as to warrant a varietal name. In addition the anal angle of the hindwing is slightly produced, a character not found in distincta. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 125 Underside: The maculation is as in distincta. A pale yel- lowish cast over these surfaces gives this form a warmer appearance than that of distincta. Type localities: Holotype: Rio Blanco, near Banos, Ecuador, 2,000 m., April 17, 1936. Paratypes: 65 males, same locality, taken between April 2, 1936, and April 17, 1936. There are over 100 additional specimens from Banos, 1800 m. ; Abitagua, 1000 m. ; Yungilla, 1800 m. ; Viscaya, 2500 m. and Rio Pastazo 1600 m. Specimens from all points in the Rio Pastazo watershed were taken during April and May. These were col- lected by Mr. William Clarke-Maclntyre and are in the collection of F. Martin Brown. This form may be more closely related to philone than to distincta. Catasticta philone ecuadora form pastaza, n. form. Upperside : Similar to ecuadora, but the ground color is a bright orange yellow instead of canary yellow, as in the typical form. This is heavily overlaid with the dark scales of the pattern color. The limbal light spots are of a much lighter tone of yellow than the discal and basal area. Underside : The difference in the basal color is readily recog- nized on this surface. In addition the limbal spots of the fore- wing are a little bit larger, decreasing the width of the dark inner margin of the limbal band. There seems to be slightly more of the light color in the cell and in the basal area than on the typical form. Type locality : Rio Blanco, Rio Pastazo watershed, Eastern Ecuador. 2,000 meters. (Rio Blanco is about 8 miles from Banos, Tunguhuara.) Holotype: A male taken April 14, 1936. Paratypes : 1 and 2-same data as the type. 3 and 4-same data, except date which is April 10, 1936. 5 and 6-same data as the type; taken on April 17, 1936. 7- Santa Ana, Rio Pastazo watershed, Eastern Ecua- dor. 2,000 meters. June, 1936. 8- Viscaya, Rio Pastazo watershed, Eastern Ecuador. 2,000 meters. June, 1936. 126 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxir All specimens were collected by Mr. William Clark-Maclntyre. This form seems to constitute about 15% of the specimens taken at this time of the year. The type is to be deposited at the Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, New York City, and paratype one at the British Museum of Natural History, in London. Catasticta tanoia, n. sp. / Upperside : This surface presents the appearance of a minia- ture sordida. The limbal spots on the hindwing, although the same shape, are possibly a little clearer at their points. Underside: This surface is quite different from sordida on the hindwings. The limbal dark band is extended based al- most to the origin of the Mi nervule, thus narrowing the discal band considerably. The dark marginings of the marginal series is heavy and not uniformly wide. It almost obliterates all of the pearly white submarginal scaling. The limbal series is conspicuous and situated in the outer half of the band. This allows all the inner half, perhaps a little more, to be very dark seal brown. The discal band is almost entirely taken up by the broad transverse yellow streaks. The basal dark areas extend to the origin of the Rs nervule and contains the usual yellow dashes. The basal red spots are small. Length of costal margin of forewing : 24 mm. Type: a male, Coroicio, Yungas, Bolivia, in the Staudinger col- lection in the Zoological Museum, University of Berlin, Germany. The name is Staudinger’s manuscript designation. Catasticta flisa form maya, n. form. Upperside: This form varies in the opposite direction from that taken by dilutior. The white scaling is greatly reduced. The marginal and limbal series of spots are absent. The dis- cal band on the forewing is reduced to two obsolescent spots between the Cu2 and the A2 nervules. Underside : Typical of the species. Type : a male from Copan, Guatemala, in the National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France. A few Mexican and Central American specimens that I have seen approach it. Catasticta seitzi zana. Upperside: This is almost identical with zancle Felder. The distinct inner margin of the limbal band on the hindwings April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 127 usually reaches the Cux nervule. This differs from zancle Felder, however, in the shape of the forewing which is the same as that of seitzi. It differs from seitzi in the great reduc- tion of the overscaling on the hindwings and somewhat on the forewings. The limbal and the marginal series of spots are larger than on seitzi. The basic light color is ochre as on seitzi , not pale straw as on zancle. Underside: This is identical with seitzi in shape and distri- bution of the maculation but is a little lighter in color. Average length of the costal margin of the fore wing : 24 mm. Type localities and repositories of the types: Holotype : male, Fusagasuga, Colombia, coll, of the author. Paratypes: one male “Colombia” in British Museum of Natural History; one male “Colombia,” one male Bogota, in National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France; four males “Colombia” in Zoological Museum, University of Berlin, Germany; one male from type locality in Zoological Museum at Tring, England; one male, Muzo, Colombia, in Coll, of author; and over 150 specimens from various localities on the Rio Pastazo in Ecuador that are slightly more brilliant than the type — which may be due to aging of the type. Catasticta cinerea form dusca, n. form. Upperside: This form is characterized by great extension of the dark scaling on the nervules almost obliterating all light scaling on both wings. On the hindwings the limbal band reaches the origin of the Mi and Cu2 nervules. The inner margin of the band is almost straight. Underside: The forewings are much darker than those of cinerea and the discal areas reduced. The limbal band on the hindwings is hardly differentiated into a light and dark por- tion. The limbal series of streaks of yellow is almost oblit- erated by dark overscaling. Average length of costal margin of forewing : 29 mm. Type and paratype localities and repositories : two males, Chaco, La Paz, Bolivia, 2000-3000 m., in the Zoological Museum, Univer- sity of Berlin, Germany. Catasticta s emir amis form palla, n. form. Upperside : Much lighter than the average run of semiramis. The discal bands are a little broader and the basal dark areas lighter. The pattern color is warm light chocolate brown instead of black-brown. 128 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXlv Underside : This is the same as in semiramis, but much warmer in tone because of the difference in pattern color. Length of the costal margin of the forewing : 27 111m. Type locality and repository : a female, Popayan, Cauca, Colom- bia, in the Zoological Museum, University of Berlin, Germany. The form is a little larger than the normal females. It may be a full species but I doubt it. The type was taken by Stiibel and bears an identification label “ Archonias zancle Feld” in Weymer’s manu- script. I have males approaching this form from the western part of Colombia and so do not designate this as a female form. Catasticta apaturina form citra, n. form. Upperside: On this form the discal bands are yellow, pale on the forewings and bright canary yellow on the hindwings. Underside : The discal band of the forewings is white. On the hindwings the yellow markings are an intense canary yel- low and broader than on the typical form. The basic light color is tinged with yellow. Length of the costal margin of the forewings : 20 mm. Type locality and repository: a male, Quiroz, Peru, 960 m., January, in coll, of author. Catasticta quiroza, n. sp. S Upperside: This is very much like the corresponding sur- face of chrysolopha. The shape of the wings is, however, distinct. The forewings are shaped as in truncata , cutting back deeply between the M2 and M3 and with a clipped appear- ance to the apex. The hindwings are strongly dentate on the nervules. The limbal series are less prominent than on most specimens of chrysolopha. The discal band on the forewing is rich orange, not bicolored as on chrysolopha. Underside: This surface is marked as on chrysolopha, but the lines are a little heavier. Average length of costal margin of forewing: 20 mm. Type and paratypes: four males, Quiroz, Junin, Peru 960 m., in coll, of author. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 129 FIVE NEW SPECIES OF MIRIDAE FROM TEXAS (HEMIPTERA).1 By H. G. Johnston, College Station, Texas. Atractotomus flavotarsus n. sp. Allied to crataegi Knight but distinguished by shorter rostrum, thicker antennal segments I and II in male, and the yellow tarsi. Male. Length 2.6 mm., width 1.2 mm. Head: width .61 mm. ; vertex .36 mm. Rostrum : length .96 mm., scarcely attain- ing posterior margins of intermediate coxae. Antennae: seg- ment I, length .21 mm., greatest thickness .12 mm.; segment II, length .78 mm., greatest thickness .15 mm.; segment III, .65 mm., slender, yellowish brown; segment IV, .43 111m., dusky. Pronotum: length .56 mm., width at base 1.0 mm. Color uniformly black, tarsi except apical segment and claws yellowish, apical half of anterior and intermediate tibiae yellowish, antennal segments I and II tinged with red. Mem- brane dusky, veins black. Densely clothed with black simple pubescence and intermixed with closely appressed, silvery- white, deciduous, scale-like pubescence on femora, dorsum and sides of body, the individual scales much narrower than on crataegi. Female. Length 2.8 mm., width 1.44 mm. Head: width .7 mm.; vertex .39 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .21 mm., greatest thickness .09 mm. ; segment II, length .83 mm., greatest thickness .08 mm. ; segment III, length .65 mm., slen- der; segment IV, length .17 mm., slender. Pronotum: length .61 mm., width at base 1.18 mm. Somewhat more robust than male but color and pubescence very similar. Holotype: male, May 22, 1932, College Station, Texas (H. J. Reinhard). Allotype : female, taken with the type. Paratypes: 16 males and females, May 26, 1932, College Station, Texas (H. J. Reinhard); 3 males and T female, April 4, 1928, Huntsville, Texas (H. G. Johnston), found breeding on Houstonia angustifolia which is, no doubt, the host plant. Eustictus albomaculatus m sp. Allied to knighti Johnston, but differs in the absence of long hairs on tibiae, shorter rostrum and much larger eyes. 1 Contribution from Entomology Department, A. & M. College of Texas, College Station, Texas. 130 Bulletin of the Brookly n Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV Male. Length 5.9 mm., width 2.14 mm. Head: width 1.35 mm.; vertex .17 mm.; eyes large, dorsal width of an eye .61 mm., height .91 mm., almost reaching the buccula. Rostrum: length 2.7 mm., not reaching apex of posterior coxae. An- tennae: segment I, length .78 mm.; segment II, length 2.19 mm.; segment III, length 1.13 mm.; segment IV, length .96 mm. ; general color brownish with pale maculations. Pro- notum: length 1.13 mm., width at base 1.97 mm., uniformly brown with a narrow white line on posterior margin. General color reddish brown to dark brown; head, pro- notum, apical third of corium, narrow outer edge of embolium, apex of cuneus and membrane dark brown; mesoscutum and scutellum often dark brown as the pronotum ; basal half of cuneus opaque white, apex dark brown. Venter and legs red, apex of femora, tibiae, and often the genital segment dark reddish brown. Dorsum with scattered, rather uniformly spaced, long, erect, black hairs on pronotum, scutellum, and hemelytra except cuneus and embolium. Holotype: male, May 20, 1930, Weslaco, Texas (J. C. Gaines), Paratypes : 1 male taken with type at trap light ; 2 males, June 7, 1933, 2 males, June 30, 1935, 1 male September 10, 1935, Dimmit Co., Texas (S. E. Jones), at trap light. Neoborus quercicola n. sp. Distinguished by the robust oval form, convex frons and scutel- lum, short rostrum, and coloration. This species is distinctly inter- mediate between Lygus and Neoborus and differs from Lygus essentially in the shorter head, puncturation between the calli, and the male genitalia. Male. Length 4.6 mm., width 2.14 mm. Head: width 1.18 mm. ; vertex .39 mm. ; frons distinctly convex, impunctate, basal carina distinctly sinuate, a small depressed area in front of carina on lateral margins of vertex, eyes large, oval, not compressed. Rostrum: length 1.27 mm., slightly surpassing hind margin of sternum. Antennae : segment I, length .43 mm.; segment II, length 1.5 mm.; segment III, length .52 mm. ; segment IV, length .35 mm. ; yellowish-brown clothed with short, fine pubescent hairs. Pronotum: length 1.18 mm., width at base 2.0 mm. ; strongly convex, lateral margins not carinate, coarsely, deeply punctate, a few punctures be- tween calli, calli smooth, shining, extending anteriorly to collar; scutellum rather strongly convex, sparsely, coarsely punctate. April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 131 General color yellow marked with red and brown. Pro- notum yellow, calli shining black anteriorly, posterior half with four large brown spots separated by yellow rays; scutellum yellow with two large brown spots each side of median line on apical half ; hemelytra somewhat translucent, clouded with red and reddish brown, a distinct brown spot on basal half of corium inside radial vein, apex of corium and embolium with irregular reddish to brown spot, cuneus somewhat translucent, marked with bright red principally on outer basal angle and inner apical angle, membrane dusky, veins pale ; sternum with large brown spot; ostiolar peritreme yellow, episternum brown; abdomen with irregular brown spots on sides of seg- ments and with reddish and brown spots on genital segment; legs yellow, tibiae with three reddish to reddish-brown bands, tarsi with apical joint and claws brown, middle and hind femora with broad brown median band. Clothed with fine, short, yellow hairs. Female. Length 4.9 mm., width 2.3 mm. Head: width 1.2 mm. ; vertex .48 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .43 mm.; II, 1.48 mm.; Ill, .52 mm.; IV, .35 mm. Pronotum: length 1.3 mm., width at base 2.2 mm. Slightly larger and more robust than male. Coloration and pubescence similar to male but color more yellowish, the reddish and brown areas less extensive. Holotype: male, April 1, 1933, College Station, Texas (H. G. Johnston) . Allotype: Female, taken with the type. Paratypes : 42 males and females taken with the types on live oak ( Quercus virginiana ) where the species breeds abundantly; 21 males and females, April 24, 1932, Sonora, Texas (S. E. Jones), light trap. Neoborus rostratus n. sp. Distinguished by the short antennal segment II which is scarcely equal to width of head through eyes, the long rostrum which slightly surpasses apex of hind coxae, and the lateral carinae of pronotum. Male. Length 3.5 mm., width 1.57 mm. Head: width .83 mm. ; vertex .30 mm. ; tylus with black line on apical half which divides on basal half to form two divergent lines that extend upon frons where they become reddish brown, frons shallowly punctate, shining. Rostrum: length 1.48 mm., 132 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxiv slightly surpassing apex of hind coxae, yellowish, apex black. Antennae : segment I, length .26 mm., yellowish with a brown line on dorsal surface; segment II, length .83 mm., covered with fine, golden pubescence, basal half yellow, apical half black; segment III, length .42 mm., black; segment IV (broken). Pronotum: length .87 mm., width at base 1.4 mm., rather finely, densely punctate, lateral margins with two sub- parallel yellow carinae that are especially prominent on apical half, disk yellow, calli with large brown spot on inner margin, posterior half with two more or less distinct, wavy, transverse, brown bands, narrow basal margin yellow. Scutellum strongly convex, coarsely punctate, narrow median line impunctate, yel- low, a dark brown line each side of median line diverging to lateral margins before apex. Dorsum practically glabrous, with very fine, inconspicuous golden hairs. Hemelytra yellowish brown with four oblique brown lines, cuneus principally pale with brown markings. Membrane dusky, veins pale somewhat tinged with brown. Legs pale, femora with irregular brown markings on basal half and two sub-apical brown bands, tibiae with narrow dor- sal brown stripe, tarsi with apical segment and claws fuscous. Ostiolar peritreme yellow, episternum brown, finely, densely punctate. Female. Length 3.28 mm., width 1.8 mm. Head: width .89 mm. ; vertex .39 mm. Antennae : segment I, length .26 mm.; segment II, length .87 mm., incrassated, slender basal half yellow, practically glabrous, thickened apical half black, finely, densely pubescent; segment III, length .43 mm.; seg- ment IV, length .30 mm. Pronotum: length 1.0 mm., width at base 1.5 mm. Slightly more robust and somewhat paler in color than the male, the brownish markings less extensive. Puncturation and pubescence very similar to male. Holotype: male, April 26, 1937, Brownsville, Texas (H. J. Crawford). Allotype : female, taken with the type. Paratypes : one male and two females taken with the types on Croton berlanderi. Neoborus maculatus n. sp. Allied to rostratus n. sp. but distinguished by the more prominent pubescence, different color, and the lateral pronotal carinae. Male. Length 3.3 mm., width 1.6 mm. Head: width .87 April, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 133 mm. ; vertex .27 mm. ; brown, tylus black ; frons distinctly, transversely striate. Rostrum: length 1.4 mm., attaining hind margins of posterior coxae, yellow, apex dark brown. Anten- nae : segment I, length .24 mm., yellowish with brown line on dorsal surface; segment II, length .83 mm., dark brown, apex yellow; segment III, length .39 mm., dark brown, apex yellow; segment IV, length .30 mm., dark brown. Pronotum: length .87 mm., width at base 1.4 mm., rather finely, densely punctate, posterior half of disk with numerous, irregular, yellowish cal- losities, posterior margin smooth, yellowish, lateral margins distinctly carinate, calli shining black on inner margins. Scu- tellum rather strongly convex, yellow and calloused except median line on basal half, rather finely, densely punctate. Dorsum rather uniformly, irregularly, spotted with yellow and brown, membrane black, veins yellow; hemelytra uni- formly, finely, densely punctate, sparsely clothed with fine golden pubescence. Legs pale, apex of hind femora, tibiae, and apical segment of tarsi dark brown. Venter yellowish, pleura and short line on abdominal segments brown. Female. Length 3.4 mm., width 1.9 mm. Head: width .87 mm., vertex .35 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .26 mm.; segment II, length .83 mm.; segment III, .43 mm.; segment IV, length .30 mm. Pronotum: length 1.0 mm., width at base 1.7 mm. Slightly more robust, but coloration, pubescence, and puncturation very similar to male. Holotype: male, April 26, 1937, Brownsville, Texas (H. J. Crawford) . Allotype: Female, taken with the type. Paratypes : one female taken with the types on Croton berlanderi; one male and one female, April 16, 1937, Brownsville, Texas (H. J. Crawford), also taken on C. berlanderi. Notice to Subscribers. — This, as all other entomological jour- nals, is run on a non-profit basis. It is likewise run on a no loss basis. Each subscription defrays the cost of one page. We ask our subscribers to help us — and themselves — by getting more sub- scribers, in the interests of all ! 134 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV BOOK NOTES Check List of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part I. Macrolepidoptera, by J. McDun- nough. (1938. Mem. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. I, pp. 1-272.) The writer acknowledges his inability to pass on the controverted questions of terminology or synonymy in Lepidoptera, so many of which, to the uninitiated might appear to be born of conservative love or of radical prepossessions. However, there can be no ques- tion as to the competency of the author or of the surpassing utility of such a painstaking and laborious work. It is far easier to point out faults than it is to produce the faultless opus. In approaching such a work as this, it should always be borne in mind that life is a flux and that its processes constantly ebb and flow; and similarly with that product of nature, human thought. Were nature cast in an iron mould and we with it, our product would be changeless and dead. Which is true of every biological thought, idea or theory. So, we must expect, indeed, even welcome, stark disagree- ment with any of our productions. As one more or less concerned with books and their use, after the List itself, the Index of nearly 100 pages is to us the next most important feature of Dr. McDunnough’s list. Not alone is it helpful in the extreme to enable the user to locate any wanted name, but it is also preeminently a task of exactness to be fully appreciated only by those who have done similar work. Whether lepidopterists agree or not in its larger conclusions, this Check List is obviously one of those important books without which a working library is incomplete. The Naturalists Directory, by S. E. Cassino. (1938. 31st Edition. The Cassino Press, Salem, Mass. $3.00, postpaid.) This useful Directory is too well known to American entomol- ogists to need more than a mere mention of its new edition. This 31st edition lists about 5200 interested workers from the United States and foreign countries. In fact, it becomes a guide for those that want to get in touch with people of similar interests through- out the world — a necessary work for natural history students and biological workers, especially entomologists. J. R. T.-B. Vol. XXXIV JUNE, 1939 No. 3 BULLETIN OF THE Brooklyn Entomological Society NEW SERIES PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la T ORRE-BUEN O, Editor CARL GEO. SIEPMANN GEO. P. ENGELHARDT Published for the Society by The Science Press Printing Company, N. Queen St. and McGovern Ave., Lancaster, Pa., Price, 60 cents Subscription, $2.50 per year Mailed July 24, 1939 Entered as second-class matter January 21, 1919, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879 The Brooklyn Entomological Society Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1938 Honorary President CHARLES W. LENG President W. T. DAVIS Vice-President R. E. McElvare Recording Secretary CAEL GEO. SIEPMANN Corresponding Secretary FREDERICK LEMMER Treasurer G. P. ENGELHAEDT 28 Club way Hartsdale, N. Y. Librarian H. E. WILFOED Curator J. M. SHERIDAN Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences G. P. ENGELHAEDT CONTENTS DESCRIPTIONS AND RECORDS OF WASPS FROM N. Y., Krombein 135 OBSERVATIONS ON THREE TRIATOMA, Wehrle 145 COLEOPTERA ON FUNGI, Moennich | i.M 155 NOTICE TO AUTHORS, Editor ! H 157 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN COL- LEMBOLA, Mills .L.,. 158 NEARCTIC MECOPTERA AND RHAPHIDOIDEA, Carpenter .....,...H.. 162 ROBBER FLIES FROM COAHUILA, MEXICO, Baker 167 A NEW INSECT INTRODUCTION, Wehrle 170 BOOK NOTES, J. R. T.-B. ...; ...I 170, 171 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, Siepmann * 174 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in February, April, June, October and December of each year Subscription price, domestic, $2.50 per year ; foreign, $2.75 in advance ; single copies, 60 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication. Address subscriptions and all communications to J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor, 311 East 4th St., Tucson, Ariz. BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. XXXIV June, 1939 No. 3 DESCRIPTIONS AND RECORDS OF NEW WASPS FROM NEW YORK STATE (HYM. : SPHECIDAE). By Karl V. Krombein, Buffalo, New York. During the last four years I have had an opportunity to examine a large number of Sphecid wasps collected in New York by John G. Franclemont, Henry K. Townes, Harvey I. Scudder, LaVerne L. Pechuman and myself. Our collecting has brought to light several new species and a number of genera and species previously not re- corded from the state and also has furnished a few records for spe- cies which were known from “N. Y.” only in the State List.1 I have followed the arrangement of genera in the State List but in several cases have used different generic names as indicated in the main portion of this paper. The genera marked with an asterisk are new to the state. Tribe ASTATINE Astata Latreille. A. nubeculus Cresson. Forest Lawn, Buffalo, Aug. 5 (KVK) ; Niagara Falls, July 20 (KVK) ; Warrendale, Grand Island, July 24 (KVK; on Daucus carota) ; Ellicott Creek, Tona- wanda, Aug. 6 (KVK; on Sium cicutae folium) ; Breesport, July 5 (HIS; on honey-dew of Myzis ribis on currant); Chafee, Aug. 1-5 (JGF) ; Minetto, gravel pit, Oswego Co., July 25-26 (KVK) ; Granby Center, sand dunes and swamp, Oswego Co., June 20-Sept. 4 (KVK) ; Oswego, Aug. 8 (KVK) ; Lake Sebago, Bear Mt. Park, Aug. 30 (HKT) ; Farmingdale, L. I., Aug. 28 (KVK). 1 1928. Leonard, M. D., et al. A List of the Insects of New York. Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Memoir 101. 136 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vo l- XXXIV * Diploplectron Fox Diploplectron peglowi sp. nov. Male: 5 mm. long. Black: palpi, anterior margin of clypeus, scape, apices of pedicel and first two flagellar segments, pro- notal tubercles, tegulae and axillary sclerites, and legs entirely except for portions of all coxae and the hind femur above, light ferruginous ; mandibles except apices, clypeus almost entirely, a spot on each side of front just above the clypeus and a narrow line on the anterior margin of the neck, creamy-white. Head, thorax and abdomen with sparse, erect white pubescence. Wings yellowish hyaline, the marginal and appendiculate cells of the forewing somewhat infumated, the hind wing with a large dusky spot apically; nervures dark brown basally and testaceous apically. Head shining and moderately punctured; the front subshin- ing, shallowly punctured and shagreened; vertex and temples sparsely punctured and shagreened ; clypeus with two median teeth separated by a semicircular emargination ; a faint im- pressed line from clypeus halfway to anterior ocellus ; antennae setaceous, joints three and four subequal, the last joint rounded apically and longitudinally grooved below. Thorax shining and sparsely punctured; pronotum with deli- cate transverse striae ; mesonotum more sparsely punctured posteriorly; scutellum practically impunctate; dorsal surface of propodeum finely granular with a median longitudinal re- ticulated sulcus terminating anteriorly in a slightly wider transverse reticulate area. Abdomen shining and impunctate except along the posterior margin of each segment. Female: 6 mm. long. Differs from male as follows: white markings entirely lacking; last antennal segment flattened be- low; dusky spot lacking in hind wing; clypeus with four teeth, the lateral pair small and indistinct ; mesonotum almost impunc- ' tate ; sides of propodeum obliquely striate. Male paratypes differ in length from 5-7 mm. One speci- men has no reticulated areas on the dorsal surface of the pro- podeum. The last segment of the antennae varies from longi- tudinally sulcate to merely flattened and it is quite likely that there is some post-mortem change here. Female paratypes vary in length from 5-6.5 mm. Holotype: 1 J', Granby Center sand dunes, Oswego County, New York, September 4, 1936 (K. V. Krombein). (Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Type no. 4188.) June, 1933 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 137 Allotype: i 2, Granby Center sand dunes, Oswego County, New York, September 4, 1936 (K. V. Krombein). (Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.) Paratypes: 1 J, Granby Center sand dunes, Oswego County, New York, August 26, 1936 (K. V. Krombein) ; 6 ^J, 4 22, Granby Center sand dunes, Oswego County, New York, September 1, 1936 (K. V. Krombein) ; 12 J\J, 5 22, Granby Center sand dunes, Oswego County, New York, September 4, 1936 (K. V. Krombein) ; 6 JJ1, 1 2, Granby Center sand dunes, Oswego County, New York, September 5, 1936 (K. V. Krombein). The August 26 specimen was taken at 4 P.M. ; the Sept. 1 speci- mens at n A.M., 1:15, 1 130, 1 150, 2 130, 2 :4s, 3 =05, 3 :io, 3 135 and 3:55 P.M.; the Sept. 4 specimens at 9:45 (’?), 9:55 ( 3»5 (?), 3:10 ( Forest Lawn, Buffalo, New York, August 16, 1934 (K. V. Krombein) ; 6 22> Forest Lawn, Buffalo, New York, August 17, 1934 (K. V. Krombein) ; 2 2?, Forest Lawn, Buffalo, New York, September 20, 1934 (K. V. Krombein) ; 2 22> Forest Lawn, Buffalo, New York, September 20, 1936 (K. V. Krombein) ; 6 22> Forest Lawn, Buffalo, New York, September 21, 1934 (K. V. Krombein) ; 6 yy, Ithaca, New York, June 6, 1935 (K. V. Krombein) ; 1 y, Ithaca, New York, June 13, 1935 (J. G. Franclemont) ; 3 y, Ithaca, New York, June 13, 1937 (J. G. Franclemont) ; 1 y, Ithaca, New York, June 15, 1935 (K. V. Krom- bein; on Chrysanthemum leucanthemum) ; 1 y, Ithaca, New York, June 15, 1935 (K. V. Krombein) ; 1 y, Ithaca, New York, June 16, 1935 (K. V. Krombein) 1 2, 2 yy, Ithaca, New York, June 25, 1935 (K. V. Krombein) ; 1 2> Ithaca, New York, June 26, 1935 (K. V. Krombein) ; 1 y, Minetto gravel pit, Oswego County, New York, July 11, 1936 (K. V. Krombein) ; 2 22> Minetto gravel pit, Oswego County, New York, July 25, 1936 (K. V. Krombein) ; 1 y, Minetto gravel pit, Oswego County, New York, July 26, 1936 (K. V. Krombein) ; 1 2, Minetto, Oswego County, New York, July 19, 1936 (K. V. Krombein; on burdock leaf with aphids) ; 1 2> Minetto, Oswego County, New York, August 27, 1936 (K. V. Krombein; on burdock leaf with aphids) ; 1 2> Granby Center sand dunes, Oswego County, New York, September 1, 1936 (K. V. Krombein) ; 1 y, Granby Center sand dunes, Oswego County, New York, September 4, 1936 (K. V. Krombein) ; 1 2, Granby Center sand dunes, Oswego County, New York, September 5, 1936 (K. V. Krombein) ; 1 y, Yonkers, New York, July 28, 1937 (L. L. Pechu- man) ; 1 2, Westerly, Rhode Island, July 2, 1935 (M. Chapman). Female and male paratypes have been deposited in the collections of Cornell University, the U. S. National Museum and the Ameri- can Museum of Natural History. June, 1938 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 143 X. franclemonti sp. nov. is named in honor of Mr. John G. Franclemont. It is probably most closely related to X. bidentatus (Rohwer). The three species occurring in New York may be separated by the following key : 1. Mandibles and prothoracic tubercles black; mesonotum shining, anteriorly rather closely punctured, posteriorly very sparsely so; size large virginiana (Rohwer) Mandibles and prothoracic tubercles yellow ; size smaller .... 2 2. Mesonotum subopaque, rather closely and evenly punctured on the entire surface; females with fore and middle tibiae and occasionally the hind tibiae also, yellow; males with antennal segments four or five to twelve inclusive with a yellow spot at the apex beneath . . . franclemonti sp. nov. Mesonotum shining, closely punctured on the anterior portion, posteriorly very sparsely punctured; females with fore tibia only yellow ; males with the antennal segments en- tirely black bidentatus (Rohwer) Tribe NYSSONINI *Lestiphorus Lepeletier L. mellinoides (Fox). Troy, Aug. 26 (HKT). Nysson Latreille (Subgenus Epinysson Pate) ( -Brachystegus of State List) N. opulentus Gerstaecker. Minetto, gravel pit, Oswego Co., July 26 (KVK) ; Bohemia, L. I., June 20-July 25 (KVK) ; Farm- ingdale, L. I., July 4 (KVK). Tribe CRABRONINI ( Soleniini of State List) Solenius Lepeletier S', aciculatus (Provancher). Forest Lawn, Buffalo, June 9-Sept. 19 (KVK) ; Buffalo, July 10 (JGF) ; Lockport, July 10 (LLP) ; Wilson, Aug. 27 (KVK; on Eupatorium perfolia- tum) ; Frontenac Point, Lake Cayuga, July 22 (JGF) ; Ithaca, June 11-Oct. 15 (KVK & JGF) ; Minetto, Oswego Co., Aug. 11-13 (KVK) ; Oswego, July 5 (KVK). S', texanus (Cresson). Roslyn, L. I., July 10-Aug. 7 (KVK; on Daucus car ota). 144 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society yol. XXXIV Crahro Fabricius (Solenius, pars of State List) C. pleuralis Fox. Oswego, July 26 (KVK). C. discretus Fox. Ithaca, June 15 (HIS). C. tenuis Fox. Smithtown, L. I., June 20 (KVK) ; Roslyn, L. I., June 30 (KVK). C. tenuiglossus Packard. Ithaca, June 11 (HKT). C. plesius (Rohwer). Forest Lawn, Buffalo, June 21-July 13 (KVK) ; Chafee, Sept. 12 (JGF) ; Breesport, July 5 (HIS ; on honeydew of My sis ribis on currant) ; Ithaca, May 31-June 6 (KVK, HIS) ; North Fairhaven, Aug. 11 (KVK) ; Minetto, Oswego Co., Aug. 28 (KVK) ; Granby Center, swamp, Oswego Co., June 28 (KVK) ; Pelham Park, New York City, June 29 (LLP). C. lentus Fox. Forest Lawn, Buffalo, June 21-Aug. 17 (KVK). C. tarsalis Fox. Millwood, June 28 (HKT). C. davidsoni Sandhouse.5 Forest Lawn, Buffalo, June 21-23 (KVK) ; Rome, June 17 (HKT) ; Ithaca, Aug. 30 (HIS) ; Breesport, July 25 (HIS ; on currant aphids) ; Granby Center, swamp, Oswego Co., Aug. 26 (KVK) ; Poughkeepsie, July 18 (HKT) ; Yonkers, July 28 (LLP) . * Lindenius Lepeletier L. buccadentis Mickel. Bohemia, L. I., June 20-July 25 (KVK) ; Farmingdale, L. I., July i-Sept. 12 (KVK). L. errans (Fox). Forest Lawn, Buffalo, July 2 (KVK) ; Ithaca, June 25-Aug. 3 (HIS, KVK) ; Granby Center, sand dunes, Oswego Co., June 20-Sept. 5 (KVK) ; Yonkers, July 10 (LLP). L. zellus (Rohwer). Hancock, Aug. 3 (HKT). 5 This species was described only recently by Miss Sandhouse [Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., XXXI : 1-4, 1938] who had one specimen from Rochester, New York, in her type series. It is quite likely that some of the specimens listed under ater and cinctipes in the State List may have been misidentified since the three species are superficially quite similar. June, 1988 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 145 OBSERVATIONS ON THREE SPECIES OF TRIATOMA (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE). By Lawrence Paul Wehrle, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. Introduction. The assassin bugs (Reduviidae) or cone-nosed bugs of the genus Triatoma occur in the Southwest where they are of considerable importance. At least three species of Triatoma occur in the Tuc- son area. These are Triatoma protracta Uhler, Triatoma uhleri Neiva, and Triatoma longipes Barber. Triatoma protracta is uniformly black in color and rather small, being about 18 mm. long.1 (See figure.) This species occurs in the vicinity of Tucson, Arizona, and on the Santa Rita Experi- mental Range which is located about 35 miles south of Tucson. Specimens have also been received from Dugas, Prescott, the Huachuca Mountains, Showlow, Greaterville and Linden, Arizona. In 1933, a specimen of T. protracta deposited ten eggs loosely in a glass jar in the laboratory during the latter part of March. This Triatoma deposited one more egg and died before April 15. The eggs are uniformly white and ellipsoidal in shape with a cap-like portion at one end. This cap is covered with numerous projections which make it appear rough. The surface of the egg shell is pitted with numerous tiny depressions which give it a granular appearance. Nine eggs were measured; the length ranged from 1.97 mm. to 2.10 mm. while the diameter ranged from 0.96 mm. to 1.15 mm. Normally they are of uniform diameter and not flattened. Triatoma uhleri is dark brown in color and the sides of the pro- thorax, abdomen and the costal margin of the wings at the base are marked with yellowish red. (See figure). It is about 17-22 mm. long, being somewhat larger than T. protracta. It occurs in the vicinity of Tucson, where it is the most common species of the genus. Specimens have been collected or received from the foot- hills of the Tucson Mountains, Santa Catalina Mountains, and the Tortillita Mountains, and from the Santa Rita Experimental Range. Specimens have been received from Octave, Cleator, Continental, Safiford, Florence, Kingman, Cortaro, San Miguel near Sells, and 1 In this paper, measurements of adult insects were made from the anterior margin of the head to the posterior margin of the abdomen. Determinations of all three species which were made by the writer are based upon specimens identified by H. G. Barber. 146 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol‘ XXXIV Miami, Arizona, and from Naco and Imuris, Sonora, Mexico. It also occurs in Tucson and in the vicinity of Cochise, Arizona, and at Bard, California. Eggs of T. uhleri were laid loosely in glass jars in the laboratory in late June and early July in 1933. One egg which was laid between June 21 and June 23, 1933, hatched between June 30 or July 1 and the morning of July 5. The eggs are delicate pink and translucent. They are oval in shape and at one end there is a prominent collar or ring. There are no tubercles, pits or projections of any kind. The entire egg shell is reticulated both over the general surface and within the ring. The reticulations have five or six sides. They are so fine that the eggs appear to be smooth. After incuba- tion, two pink eye-like spots of the embryo show at about one-third of the length of the egg at the collar end. The micropyle appears to be at the center of the area within the ring. Fifteen eggs were measured; the length ranged from 1.63 mm. to 1.83 mm. while the diameter ranged from 1.00 mm. to 1.02 mm. They are normally of uniform diameter and not flattened. Triatoma longipes Barber is black in color and large in size, being about 28 mm. long. (See figure.) This species occurs in the Tucson area. Specimens have been received from the foothills of the Tucson Mountains, the foothills of the Santa Catalina Moun- tains, the Santa Rita Mountains, and Bisbee, Arizona. Specimens which were collected by Mrs. M. H. Koogler in the foothills of the Tucson Mountains were sent by the writer to Mr. H. G. Barber in 1932. Mr. Barber described the species in 1937. (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 86-87. 1937.) I T. longipes T. uhleri T. protracta Photo by C. T. Vorhies. Habits. The evidence seems to indicate that triatomas are usually found June, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 147 in the dens of wood rats ( Neotoma albigula albigula). Less fre- quently these insects occur in other shelters such as are found in or near piles of wood or under houses or adjacent to poultry houses. Under these conditions there is unquestionably some source of blood near by like that of rodents, birds including poultry, or man. From the beginning of these observations, the writer suspected that rodents were associated with triatomas. This suspicion was con- firmed by the following incidents. On December 31, 1930, Mr. C. R. Reynard collected five speci- mens of T. protracta in tunnels of the wood rat on the Santa Rita Experimental Range. This Range is located about thirty-five miles south of Tucson, Arizona. In a letter dated March 26, 1932, Mr. H. G. Barber stated to me that he found T. protracta very common in the nests of wood rats in California. Beginning in June, 1932, an attempt was made to capture the triatomas as they escaped from the nest of the wood rat. A metal and screen fly trap was placed over an opening to a nest. Side openings in the base of the trap were closed with corks and soil was placed around the lower part of the trap. No triatomas were cap- tured in this way. The triatomas may have escaped previously or they may have come out by other openings in the nest or they may have remained in the nest. It is also possible that there were no triatomas in the nest. This experiment was tried on two nests in the immediate vicinity of a house in which the people were being annoyed seriously by triatomas. In November, 1932, Dr. C. T. Vorhies and Dr. W. P. Taylor were excavating wood rat dens in connection with a study of the wood rat. In these and subsequent studies of the wood rat, they have very kindly turned over any triatoma specimens and observa- tions to the writer. On November 14, 1932, they excavated two dens on the Santa Rita Experimental Range. In one den they found four adult specimens of T. protracta in the neighborhood of the grass sleeping nest. The second den which they excavated was abandoned and in this den they found no triatomas. On November 15, in a third den, they found three T. uhleri nymphs, two of which were in the neighborhood of the nest. A fourth den on the same day was found to be full of debris and no triatomas were observed. It is possible that there may have been triatomas in the debris. The specimens were brought to the laboratory and referred to the writer. Upon examination, it was found that the abdomens of two of the nymphs were distended. The abdomen of the specimen 148 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society yol. XXXiv which was distended most was opened and yielded red blood. Microscopic examination showed that the triatoma had digested the blood to quite an extent, although it showed some circular and elliptical bodies and the liquid was red. This observation was checked by Dr. C. T. Vorhies, who said that mammalian corpuscle remains were present. In a letter dated November 16, 1932, Mrs. James B. Reidy in- formed me that on November 13 she found an assassin bug in the den of a pack rat. The writer believes the assassin bug in question was undoubtedly a species of Triatoma. This seems to have been in the vicinity of Oracle Junction which is about 22 miles north of Tucson. On November 28, 1932, Vorhies and Taylor collected a Triatoma nymph from a den of the wood rat on the Santa Rita Experimental Range. On December 6, 1932, Vorhies and Taylor examined two dens of the wood rat on the Santa Rita Experimental Range and found the following: In one den they saw a Triatoma which escaped. In the second den they found six Triatoma nymphs. Four of these were large and two were small. Two of the large nymphs were evi- dently engorged with blood since their abdomens were much dis- tended. The large nymphs were T. uhleri. On December 7, 1932, Vorhies and Taylor examined another den of the wood rat and found three triatomas. Two of these were adults of T. protracta. The third specimen was a large nymph of T. uhleri. It was evidently engorged with blood as the abdomen was greatly distended. These three specimens were taken off the top of the nest of the wood rat. Material from this den was brought into the laboratory and on December 13, Miss Proctor, a laboratory assistant, found a small Triatoma nymph among the material. On December 21, 1932, Vorhies and Taylor made a careful exca- vation of a wood rat den without greatly disturbing the nest. They found nine Triatoma nymphs on top of this nest. Eight of these were large nymphs and one was small. Six of the nymphs were evidently engorged with blood. On March 14, 1933, Vorhies and Taylor excavated dens of wood rats southeast of Tucson. They found adults and nymphs of T. protracta and one nymph of T. uhleri. On May 22, 1933, Vorhies, Taylor, and the writer opened dens of the wood rat a few miles east of Tucson, Arizona. Six tria- tomas were found in one den. Of these, two were adults of T. pro- tracta and three were nymphs of T. uhleri. There was a fourth June, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 149 Triatoma nymph which was smaller. Seven other Triatoma speci- mens were taken from other dens. Of these, three were adult of T. uhleri, two were nymphs of T. uhleri and there were two smaller Triatoma nymphs. On July 20, 1933, Vorhies, Taylor, and the writer dug out a few dens of wood rats in the Tucson Mountains, west of Tucson. Only one Triatoma nymph, somewhat engorged, was collected. On July 25, 1933, Vorhies and Taylor collected a nymph of T. uhleri from the den of a wood rat on the Santa Rita Experimental Range. On September 21, 1933, Vorhies and Taylor collected seven Triatoma nymphs from a den of the wood rat on the Santa Rita Experimental Range. Six of these nymphs were T. uhleri. On November 9, 1933, Taylor collected two adults and four nymphs of T. protracta from the dens of wood rats on the Santa Rita Experimental Range. Vorhies collected three nymphs of T. uhleri from a den of the wood rat about twenty-five miles southwest of Sells, Arizona. In April, 1937, Dr. R. H. Forbes found nymphs of T. uhleri in a shed at the rear of his home in Tucson, Arizona. The nymphs were in a box, filled with paper, near his poultry roosts. In August, 1937, Mr. Steven Gollob collected six nymphs of T. uhleri from a cupboard which stood adjacent to chicken quarters. The bodies of five of these nymphs were distended and were evi- dently engorged with blood. Seasonal History. From these records, it is evident that triatomas are present throughout the year either in the dens of wood rats or in some other shelter where a source of blood is available. They feed on blood at intervals. Early in May winged adults, both males and females, begin to invade houses which are in the vicinity of wood rat dens in the open country or desert. They seem to be attracted to the houses by light. They may appear in houses in cities although this is not common owing to the absence of favorable hosts in the vicinity. They continue to invade country houses during the summer, but are most numerous during May and June. There is a definite flight at this time which the writer believes to be a dispersal flight. During May and June, the triatomas cause the greatest incon- venience to people because of their blood sucking habits. They remain hidden during the day but may be seen in the evening on beams of ceilings, walls, around windows, curtains and similar 150 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society vol. XXXiv places in lighted rooms. They may even hide in beds, between quilts and under rugs. They are alert and hard to catch, running and trying to hide in dark places if pursued. At such times, they do not take flight but run rapidly for cover. They do not attack their victims until the people are quiet or asleep. The triatomas have reached such a high degree of parasitism that they are able to take blood without awakening the sleeping host. Immediately after the blood has been taken, the person is awakened by severe itching. The area around the puncture swells, becomes red and feverish and itches. These welts are hard and vary in size from one-half inch to three inches in diameter. There are also other reactions. These conclusions are based mainly upon observations of T. uhleri. There is evidence to show that T. protracta and T. longipes have the same habits. Numerous cases of Triatoma invasion have come to the attention of the writer and the people have given him the details of their ex- periences. The following are among the most interesting of the cases : Mr. and Mrs. “A” were proving up on a homestead in the foot- hills of the Tucson Mountains. They were greatly annoyed by the triatomas, particularly the adults and nymphs of T. uhleri and the adults of T. longipes. At one time, they were obliged to ask per- mission from the government so that they could leave their home- stead while the bugs were most active. Both Mr. and Mrs. “A” were bitten at night while in bed and as usual were not awakened until after the blood was taken. They were then aroused by itch- ing. It seemed to Mrs. “A” that the triatomas make several punc- tures until they find a blood vessel and then suck blood. Large swollen welts similar to hives appear along the blood vessel. The pain and swelling is most severe on the second and third days and gets better on the fourth day. After the swelling goes away, a little watery blister is left. At one time, Mrs. “A” had eighteen punc- tures from her shoulder to her left wrist. A hive-like condition appeared which moved down over the arms to both hands but was worst on the left arm which was punctured. There was an aching condition in the elbows and wrists like rheumatism. The hands and arms swelled from the shoulders down slowly over a period of two to three weeks. Her condition grew worse until she fainted while working in the kitchen. A physician was treating her for indigestion. Mr. and Mrs. “A” did not suspect that bug bites were causing her trouble until Mr. “A” was punctured on the throat. He broke out with a rash like measles on his shoulders, back and chest, down to the waist. June, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 151 At another time when Mrs. “A” was bitten, she had a reaction as though she had stepped under a shower or had a chill. She was bitten on the back near the shoulder, and goose pimples appeared on her arms within half an hour. The bite was similar to an ant bite, the welt being about the size of the end of the thumb. Accord- ing to Mrs. “A,” after one has been bitten a number of times, a dopey effect develops, and one feels depressed and has a high temperature. The second case was that of the family of Mr. and Mrs. “B” who lived in a lovely home near the edge of Tucson, Arizona, in a newly developed district. In 1931, Mrs. “B” was bitten at night three times. As is usual, she was not awakened by the bite, and she did not realize that she had been bitten by bugs. Red welts were formed, her whole leg swelled and her whole arm swelled. Her heart action was speeded up perceptibly. About a week later, a rash broke out over her body. This was followed by a low grade rheumatic fever of 99 degrees. A physician diagnosed the condition as streptococcus poisoning, but when the welts appeared again in 1932, Mrs. “B” became suspicious of bugs. The bites in 1932 were not as painful as in 1931 but itched greatly. The welts were hot, red, and sore, and about two inches in diameter. The secondary reaction was a very tired feeling. She felt sleepy all the time and slept a good deal. Mr. “B” was bitten and developed the hot itch- ing welts, but had no after effects. The species concerned here was T. uhleri. Vorhies, Taylor and the writer dug up and examined wood rat dens on the premises of this place during the winter of 1932-1933. Both wood rats and triatomas were collected. The wood rats were able to get under the house and had run-ways close to the house as well as numerous dens on the premises. Vorhies and Taylor set traps at various places close to the house as well as at the openings of many dens in the vicinity of the house for a distance of perhaps a hundred yards. They were very successful in catching wood rats with the traps. In July 1933 Mr. “B” said that Mrs. “B” had not been bitten by a Triatoma and had not been ill in 1933. The third case is that of a family who had an attractive home on the open desert. The daughter, whom we shall designate as Miss “C” was bitten at night by T. uhleri. As usual she was not awak- ened until after the bug had fed. She was aroused by itching and the Triatoma was found in the bed. She was bitten on the lower part of the abdomen and had a violent and instant reaction. First she had a stomach ache, and then a rash appeared over the entire body. This was followed by nausea and vomiting and all these 152 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vo l- XXXir symptoms developed within ten or fifteen minutes after being bitten. The girl was so sick that she could hardly walk and had such a pain in her abdomen that they feared she had appendicitis. She was better in three quarters of an hour. The bites formed red, feverish, gradual flat cones about half an inch high and two inches in diame- ter. Miss “C” ’s brother was bitten and had no violent reaction, but did not feel well for a few days afterward. The fourth case is that of the family of Mr. and Mrs. “D,” living in the foothills of the Tucson Mountains. This family came to see the writer in 1933 and reported that they had been troubled by the triatomas for four summers. The species concerned was T. uhleri. Mr. and Mrs. “D” had three boys, six, four and a half, and one and a half years old. In 1932 all three children were sick at the time when they were being bitten. The oldest boy had been in bed for a week and had been troubled with nausea and vomiting. The other two children were sick at the same time. The oldest boy and the baby showed rash. In 1933 the baby was not well. He whined, was restless, and wakeful at night and had no appetite. When the writer saw this child in the late afternoon, he had a recent bite on the back of his left hand and one on the outside of the wrist of the left hand and an old bite on the buttock. There was a rash near the old bite which was very pronounced in the morning and was still visible in the late afternoon. The new bites were red, swollen and hot. Neither Mr. nor Mrs. “D” had realized that there was any connection between the children’s illness and the bites of the bugs. They had attributed the illness to the heat of summer. Had it been due to the heat, the rash would have been more pronounced in the afternoon than it was in the morning. As it was, the rash showed more plainly in the morning. The writer advised Mr. and Mrs. “D” to cover their beds with mosquito netting to keep out the bugs. They did this in the case of the baby and reported within a week that the baby felt much better. He had had no more Triatoma bites. The fifth case was that of Mr. and Mrs. “E” who lived on the desert in the Tortillita Mountain region. They were bitten at night without being awakened, as is usual. They were able to catch the bugs in the act of biting by staying awake and using a flash light. Both Mr. and Mrs. “E” had the red, hot swollen welts, but Mrs. “E” did not have any secondary effects. Mr. “E” had sick head- aches and felt enervated and run down as though he was going to be sick. He was bitten often during the middle of May and June in 1932, and did not feel well at this time. After the first of July, the bugs gave them no more trouble and Mr. “E” had no more sick headaches and enervated feeling. June, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 153 A sixth case with which the writer was familiar has been fully described by Dr. C. A. Kofoid (3). Other cases have come to the attention of the writer, but it does not seem necessary to recount them. Methods of Prevention and Control. Since T. uhleri and T. protracta normally live in the dens of wood rats, these rodents should be eliminated from the vicinity of dwellings for a distance of at least one hundred yards. A forth- coming bulletin of the Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station by Vorhies and Taylor will deal fully with the life history and ecology of the wood rat. The presence of wood rats or other animals under the house should not be permitted. Poultry houses and adjacent shelter should be searched at intervals for triatomas. Houses should be tightly screened to exclude the insects. Al- though triatomas are not definitely known to enter houses by way of chimneys, it may be desirable to place screens in front of fire places if the insects are suspected of gaining entrance in this man- ner. If a member of the household has been bitten, the bed clothes and rooms should be thoroughly searched until the insect has been located and destroyed. Sometimes the bugs may be seen on walls, curtains, or beams of ceilings in the evening when the room is lighted, at which time they may be collected and destroyed. If it is not possible to exclude the triatomas from the house by the preceding methods, sleeping persons may be protected by the use of mosquito netting. This method has proved to be very effec- tive but care must be taken to make certain that no triatomas are hiding in the bed clothing. The mosquito netting must be care- fully tucked in around the edges so that the triatomas are not able to reach the sleeping person. The young wingless nymphs may be prevented from attacking sleeping persons by placing the legs of beds in cans in which a small amount of kerosene has been placed. Ammonia is said to be very beneficial if applied to the puncture within half an hour after the person has been bitten. Bathing the punctures in hot water and Epsom salts would probably give relief. The relation of triatomas to human disease has been studied by Dr. Charles A. Kofoid and his associates at the University of Cali- fornia at Berkeley. In 1916 Kofoid and McCulloch (1) described a species of trypanosome in the digestive tract of T. protracta. This trypanosome proved to be Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative organism of a South American disease, known as Chagas disease. In 1933, Kofoid and Donat (2) found Trypanosoma cruzi in T. protracta in San Diego County, California. In J936 Kofoid and Whitaker (3) found Trypanosoma cruzi in T. uhleri from Tucson, 154 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society vol. xxxiv Arizona. Vorhies and the writer have cooperated with Kofoid in this work by sending specimens. The infected specimens came from the foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains and from a locality a short distance south of Tucson. In 1938, Sherwin Wood (4) found infected specimens of T. protracta in Los Angeles County, California. Further work by Wood and Wood (5) shows that the infection of triatomas does not seem to be widespread in the Southwest. Summary. 1. At least three species of Triatoma occur in the Tucson area, T. protracta, T. uhleri and T. longipes. T. uhleri is the most common. 2. T. protracta and T. uhleri are present throughout the year either in the dens of wood rats or in some other shelter where a source of blood is available. The habitat of T. longipes is not known. 3. There is apparently a dispersal flight during May and June when T. uhleri and T. longipes invade houses. 4. The nymphs and adults of T. uhleri and the adults of T. longipes and T. protracta puncture sleeping persons and suck blood. 5. The most effective means of control for T. uhleri and T. pro- tracta is to eliminate the wood rats in the vicinity. Literature Cited (1) Kofoid, C. A., and McCulloch, I. On Trypanosoma tria- tomae, a new flagellate from a Hemipteran bug from the nests of the wood rat, Neotoma fuscipes. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zoo., 16: 1 13. 1916. (2) Kofoid, C. A., and Donat, F. South American trypano- somiasis of the human type — occurrence in mammals in the United States. Calif, and West. Med., Reprint Vol. 38, No. 4, 12 pp. April, 1933. (3) Kofoid, C. A., and Whitaker, B. G. Natural infection of American human trypanosomiasis in two species of cone- nosed bugs, Triatoma protracta Uhler and Triatoma uhleri Neiva, in the western United States. Jour. Parasit., 22, No. 3, 259-263. 1936. (4) Wood, S. F. A new locality for Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas in California. Science, Vol. 87, No. 2260, 366-367. April 22, 1938. (5) Wood, F. D., and Wood, S. F. On the distribution of Try- panosoma cruzi Chagas in the southwestern United States. Amer. Jour. Trop. Med., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 207-212. March, 1938. June, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 155 LIST OF COLEOPTERA FOUND LIVING IN AND ON VARIOUS FUNGI. By Herman Moennich, Little Neck, N. Y. This is a list of Coleoptera taken from various species of fungi. Some of this list were taken from the fungi in the field and some of the specimens of fungi were taken home, put in jars and these jars set in the garden to see what species could be baited in the decomposing fungi. All species of fungi were named by Mr. F. R. Lewis, of the New York Mycological Society. Lactarius piperatus Fries. The following list of Coleoptera were taken from the fungus in the field. Staphylinidae. Oxytelus nanus Er., 2 specimens; 8.2.1937, Tenafly, N. J. Gyrophaena fasciata Say, 6 specimens; 8.2.1937, Tenafly, N. J. Dermestidae. Stelidota geminata Say, 1 specimen; 7.31.1938, Midvale, N. J. Erotylidae. Tritoma angulata Say, 3 specimens; 8.21.1938, Suffern, N. J. Tritoma biguttata Say, 1 specimen; 7.31.1938, Midvale, N. J. SCARABAEIDAE. Geotrupes balyi Jek., 1 specimen; 7.31.1938, Midvale, N. J. The following is a list of the Coleoptera baited in the jars on Lactarius piperatus Fries. Staphylinidae. Oxytelus nanus Er., 2 specimens; 8.22. to 29.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. Stilicus dentatus Say, 3 specimens; 8.22 to 29.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. Actobius nanus Horn, 1 specimen; 8.22 to 29.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. Philonthus longicornis Steph., 3 Specimens; 8.22 to 29.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. Philonthus cruentatus Gmel., 1 specimen; 8.22 to 29.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. 156 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vo XXXIV Belonuchus formosus Grav., 2 specimens; 8.22 to 29.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. Atheta virginica Bnhr., 5 specimens; 8.22 to 29.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. Nitidulidae. Omosita colon L., 1 specimen; 8.22 to 29.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. Epuraea helvola Er., 1 specimen; 8.22 to 29.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. Glischrochilus fasciatus Oliv., 2 specimens; 8.22 to 29.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. Mycetophagidae. Litargus tetraspilotus Lee., 2 specimens; 8.22 to 29.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. Litargus nebulosus Lee., 5 specimens; 8.22 to 29.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. Histeridae. Hister memnonius Say, 1 specimen; 8.22 to 29.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. Saprinus posthumus Mars., 1 specimen; 8.22 to 29.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. Lactarius volemus Fries. These species were taken from fungus in the field. Staphylinidae. Gyrophaena fasciata Say, 4 specimens; 8.15.1937, Tenafly, N. J. Boletobius pygmaeus Fab., 1 specimen; 8.15.1937, Tenafly, N. J. Nitidulidae. Pallodes silaceus Er., 1 specimen; 8.15.1937, Tenafly, N. J. Erotylidae. Tritoma angulata Say, 5 specimens; 8.15.1937, Tenafly, N. J. Baited on Lactarius volemus Fries. Mycetophagidae. Litargus tetraspilotus Lee., 2 specimens; 8.22 to 25.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. Litargus nebulosus Lee., 5 specimens; 8.22 to 25.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. June, 1989 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 157 Nitidulidae. Pallodes silaceus Er., i specimen; 8.22 to 25.1938, Little Neck, N. Y. All of this list were taken in the field. Collybia platyphylla Persoon. Staphylinidae. Gyrophaena fasciata Say, 12 specimens; 7.31.1938, Midvale, N. J. Nitidulidae. Pallodes silaceus Er., 10 specimens; 7.31.1938, Midvale, N. J. Boletus granulatus Linnaeus. Staphylinidae. Hesperus apicalis Say, 2 specimens; 7.31.1938, Midvale, N. J. Tachinus fimbriatus Grav., 1 specimen; 7.31.1938, Midvale, N. J. Histeridae. Saprinus patruelis Lee., 1 specimen; 7.31.1938, Midvale, N. J. Clavaria aurea Schaeffer. Staphylinidae. Hesperus apicalis Say, 1 specimen; 7.31.1938, Midvale, N. J. Staphylinus viridanus Horn, 1 specimen; 7.31.1938, Midvale, N. J. Histeridae. Hesperus apicalis Say, 2 specimens; 7.31.1938, Midvale, N. J. SCARABAEIDAE. Geotrupes splendidens Fab., 1 specimen; 7.31.1938, Midvale, N. J. Amanita solitaria. Erotylidae. Tritoma biguttata Say, 1 specimen; 7.31.1938, Midvale, N. J. Notice to Authors: — Until further notice, we will not be able to accept papers on other than United States insects. — Editor. 158 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vo XXXIV REMARKS ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBU- TION OF NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLA. By Harlow B. Mills, Montana Experiment Station. In the study of the geographical distribution of insects, the Collembola represent an excellent group for examination. They are primitive in habitat, primitive in organization, and moderately abundant in numbers. It is doubtful if any other group of animals has so large a per- centage of species which are either Holarctic or Cosmopolitan in their distribution. In 1901 Dr. J. W. Folsom (Psyche, IX, pp. 159-162) made the first observations on North American Collem- bola with reference to geographical distribution, and at that time stated : “Twenty-five per cent of the Nearctic species, then, are also Palaearctic. . . . This proportion is increasing with the comparison of additional specimens.” At the present time thirty-one per cent of our American species are known to be either Holarctic or Cos- mopolitan in their distribution, despite the description, of many new indigenous forms. The relationship of North American forms to those of other continents is primarily with the European fauna. However, a few species are common to North America and Asia. This does not mean that in the final analysis European forms will necessarily bear the same proportionate relationship to Nearctic species as that •which pertains now. From the time of Linnaeus the collembolan fauna of Europe has received attention, and is consequently much better known than is that of northeastern Asia, where but few collections have been made. Excluding obvious synonyms and forms which cannot now be placed, two-hundred-eighty-five species of Collembola are known from North America at the present time. Of these, sixty-eight per cent are indigenous, thirty-one per cent Holarctic or Cosmopolitan, and approximately one per cent common to both this continent and Siberia. Distribution of Known North American Collembolous Species. Podu- ridae Ento- mobry- idae Smin- thur- idae Total Indigenous 61% 69% 75% 68% Holarctic or Cosmopolitan . ■ 35 30 25 3i Asiatic 4 1 0 1 June, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 159 While some of the species which are common to two or more faunal regions probably were distributed by commerce, many were without doubt common to these areas before man could have been a factor in distribution. Primitive forms, which are as a rule most widely spread, have many species which have a semi-continuous distribution from North America, through northeastern Canada and Greenland to Northwestern and Central Europe. Achorutes viaticus, A. armatus, A. tullbergi, A. ( Schottella ) uniunguiculata, Xenylla humic ola, Anurida granaria, Neanura muscorum, Onychi- urus armatus, 0. groenlandicus, T etracanthelta wahlgreni, Isotoma viridis, /. olivacea, I. violacea, Pseudisotoma sensibilis, Archisotoma besselsi, Folsomia fimetaria, F. quadrioculata, F. diplophthalma, and Lepidocyrtus cyaneus all extend from North America through Greenland to Europe, and several of them are circumpolar or Cos- mopolitan. Further collection in the north will doubtless increase the list. I have recently examined specimens of Isotoma bipunctata and Deuterosminthurus insignis collected at Churchill, Manitoba, during the summer of 1936 by H. E. McClure. These species have never before been recorded from North America, but both have long been known in northern Europe. Neanura gigantea, Onychiurus dentatus, Isotoma viridis and I. violacea mucronata have been reported from the Pribilof Islands between Alaska and Siberia. The greatest percentage of exotic species, according to present records, occurs in the Boreal region of North America as the fol- lowing table demonstrates : Location Indigenous Holarctic or Cosmopolitan Asiatic Boreal (Alaska and North Canada) 29% 64% 7% Temperate (Iowa) 56 48 1 Tropical (Costa Rica) .... 75 25 0 In the face of the facts that many species are found in central and northern Europe, the northern Atlantic islands, and the North American continent on the one hand, others in Siberia, the Pribilof Islands, and the North American continent, on the other, and that the proportion of exotic species is greatest in the north where dis- semination could most easily take place today (and doubtless much easier during earlier geologic ages), it is logical to believe that much 160 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol, XXXIV intercontinental dissemination of species occurred naturally in the north. At the present time, intercontinental commerce is important in the dissemination of Collembola. Their small size and secretive habits doubtless allow many to enter the United States, despite the fact that literally thousands of individuals and scores of species are intercepted annually at ports of entry. The European Entomobrya nivalis appeared almost simultaneously in 1934 on both the At- lantic and the Pacific Coasts. Collembola have been collected on the Atlantic seaboard since the time of Fitch, and surely this species would have appeared in collections previous to 1934 had it been present. Further, it has been intercepted several times at ports of entry. Other European species, such as Entomobrya corticola, Orchesella cincta , Sira buski, and Sira platani are apparently re- stricted to the eastern part of the United States and Canada, and doubtless were introduced from Europe. Indeed, it is surprising that more have not appeared. The “luzerne flea” S mint hums viridis, which is common in Europe and Great Britain, has found its way to Australia where it damages alfalfa, but as yet it has not appeared in more accessible North America. Collembola are commonly called “snow fleas,” but it is interesting to note that they reach their greatest diversity and specialization in the tropics where snow never falls. Primitive forms become less abundant as one travels south, and at the same time the more specialized species increase, as the following table, based on species which can be identified at the present time, will show : Location Poduridae (Primitive) Entomobryi- dae (Inter- mediate) Sminthuri- dae (Spe- cialized) Boreal (Alaska and Northern Canada) . . 42% 44% 14% Temperate (Iowa) 36 43 21 Tropical (Costa Rica) . 30 5i 19 The fact that these insects are so definitely dependent on satu- rated atmospheres for their existence does not seem compatible with their wide distribution. As Folsom ( loc . cit.) has said, “They lack wings and probably always did, as none are found in the embryo ; their feeble walking and leaping could produce only a limited local distribution ; a dry spot is an effective barrier to most June, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 161 Collembola. ...” There are several ways, however, in which they may be transported, sometimes over great distances. Soil, which is kept moist about the roots of plants will form ideal situations for them. I have taken many species from wet moss used as pack- ing and shipped over one thousand miles, and Entomobrya assuta from boxes of peaches. Water currents doubtless assist in their dispersal. During the spring, when the streams are high, certain species sometimes appear in masses and may be carried considerable distances either directly on the surface or on floating debris. On January i, 1889, Mr. C. A. Hart examined drifting material in a creek at Urbana, Illinois, and collected the following species : Achorutes armatus, Isotoma viridis , Isotomurus palustris, Entomobrya assuta, E. purpurascens, Orchesella ainsliei, and Ptenothrix marmoratus. Winds may assist in local dissemination of various species. In Dr. Folsom’s unpublished notes I find the following record: Near Homer, Illinois, a rain formed a temporary pool on top of a bluff. Shortly afterward, a strong wind started blowing across a stream four-hundred feet away in the valley and over the pool. The aquatic Sminthurides aquaticus , and the semi-aquatic Isotomurus palustris, which were found along the creek, were soon collected from the surface of the pool. It is doubtful, though, if a Collem- bolan could stand the desiccation to which it would be subjected on a long stratosphere flight and alight alive. There are always possibilities of accidental dissemination by ani- mals, but these certainly would be the exceptions. Collembola are often found in rodent burrows, and have been taken from the fur of small animals. They have been found in bird’s nests and might be carried in their feathers. While working on a manuscript on Col- lembola one night a noctuid moth flew in the fourth story window and struck my paper — leaving behind an unharmed specimen of Deuterosminthurus repandus. 162 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society v°l . xxxiv RECORDS AND NOTES OF NEARCTIC MECOPTERA AND RAPHIDIODEA. By F. M. Carpenter, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Some of the scorpion-flies and snake-flies which have passed through my hands during the past year are of unusual interest, either because of their locality data or of the rarity of the species represented. These records have been brought together in this paper. Included also are some notes, which I made during the past summer, on the types of Nearctic Mecoptera contained in certain European Museums. I am indebted to the individuals mentioned below for sending me material for examination. Order MECOPTERA. Family Panorpidae. Brachypanorpa oregonensis (MacLachlan) Several specimens of this uncommon insect, contained in the Na- tional Museum collection, were kindly sent to me by Mr. A. B. Gur- ney. One of these, a male collected at Neola, Utah (July 13, 1935, F. C. Harmston), is of particular interest, since it is the first record of the species (or of the genus) in that state. This extends greatly the range of the insect, which has previously been found only in Oregon and Idaho. A study of these new specimens and of an additional series from Oregon sent by Mr. Gurney has convinced me that oregonensis is the only valid species of the genus at present known from the western states, B. montana Carp. (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, 1931, p. 212) being a synonym. The specimens now at hand show an intergradation of the characteristics which I had previously supposed distinguished the two species. Unfor- tunately in Brachypanorpa, as in Panorpodes, the male genitalia show almost no specific differences ; the male of carolinensis Banks, from North Carolina, is nearly identical with that of oregonensis, though the females are decidedly different. B. montana was based upon a series of males which appeared to possess distinctive colora- tion, but it now seems clear that the species is highly variable in this respect. Panorpa venosa Westwood I have recently examined the types of this species in the British Museum. There are two of these, both females, from Georgia. One is obviously identical with the species which I considered to be venosa in my revision of the Nearctic Mecoptera (Bull. Mus. Comp. June, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 163 Zool., 72, 1931, p. 234). The other, which lacks the tip of the abdomen, is not the same species; it is undoubtedly isolata Carp. (1931), which is very common in Georgia. To avoid confusion and changes of names, the former specimen is hereby designated the lectotype of venosa. Ten specimens of venosa were collected at Knoxville, Tenn., May 22 and June 5, 1936 (D. A. Johnson), these constituting the first record for that state. Panorpa americana Swederus One specimen of this species was collected at N. Augusta, Miss. (Oct. 3, 1931, H. Dietrich) ; it is the first record of americana in that state. Four specimens were also taken at Yonah Mt., Georgia (June 10-20, 1937, P. W. Fattig), these being the only specimens recorded from Georgia in addition to the types, which were collected more than forty years ago. Panorpa refuscens Rambur In my revision of the Nearctic Mecoptera (p. 237) I remarked that the type of rufescens was contained in the Royal Museum of Natural History at Brussels. This assertion was based upon a statement (in litt.) by Dr. A. Ball, who had kindly sent me notes and drawings of the specimen. During a recent visit to the Brus- sels Museum, I examined this specimen but failed to find any evi- dence of its being the type of rufescens. It was not marked “type” and had no label in Rambur’s writing, but did possess determina- tion labels of Navas and Esben-Petersen. After I discussed the matter with Dr. Ball, he agreed that it was not the type of rufescens , as he had previously supposed. This opens again the question of the identity of rufescens, the type apparently being lost.1 It seems advisable, under the circumstances, to recognize rufescens as it has been treated in the past by Banks and myself. In this connection mention should also be made of the type of Panorpa debilis Westwood, which has been regarded as a synonym of rufescens (confusa Westwood). In the British Museum there is a female Panorpa labeled debilis which bears a type label; this is the same species as canadensis Banks, not rufescens. But since 1 In Horn and Kahle’s “Uber entomologisch Sammlungen,” the disposition of the Neuroptera in Rambur’s collection is given as follows: “Neuropt. u. Odonat. via M.E. de Selys-Longchamps au Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belg., Brussels.” The supposed type men- tioned above was one of Latreille’s specimens, which were also included in the de Selys-Longchamp material. 164 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vo1- XXXIV Westwood’s description of debilis mentions only two males, this specimen cannot be a type. As in the case of rufescens, it seems advisable to continue to regard this species as it has been treated in the past. Panorpa robusta Carp. Two males of this rare species were collected by P. W. Fattig at Dacula, Georgia, May 23, 1937. These are the only specimens known to me in addition to the unique type, which was taken at Meredith, South Carolina. Panorpa neglecta Carp. Two specimens of this insect, previously known only by the male (type locality, Auburn, Alabama), were collected by P. W. Fattig in Georgia, a male at Blairsville, Aug. 31, 1929, and a female at Dallas, Sept. 26, 1937. Since the female of neglecta has not pre- viously been known, the above-mentioned specimen is here desig- nated as the allotype. The wing markings are like those of the male type, and the female of this species will run to couplet 20 of my key to the females of Panorpa (1931, p. 226). From the two species ( venosa and virginica) included there, neglecta can be dis- tinguished by the structure of the internal skeleton of the ninth abdominal segment (figure iA). This is rather broad, with the axis projecting beyond the plate, the two elements of the projecting axis being widely divergent. There is a small envelope surround- ing the anterior part of the plate, with a dark spot at each side. Panorpa flexa Carp. Five additional specimens of this uncommon species have been recently sent to me for determination. Four of these (1 Greeley, Colo., July 19, 1938 (James). 1 James, Maurice T., 1936, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer, 29: 517-550. 2 Steykal, George C., 1938, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 386, p. 3- October, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 221 A NEW CALIFORNIA TIGER BEETLE (COLEOP- TERA — CICINDELIDAE). By Richard G. Dahl, Oakland, California. The author would like to express his appreciation and thanks to Mont A. Cazier, whose helpful suggestions and loan of material from his collection have made possible this description. Thanks are also due to those mentioned as contributing specimens. Cicindela willistoni amargosae Dahl subsp. nov. Medium sized, dull, sericeous, blue-green, sparsely hairy above, rather densely hairy beneath ; elytral maculation con- sisting only of small apical spot. Male. — Head with eyes wider than pronotum, front sparsely pilose, interocular longi- tudinal striae prominent, clypeus bare, labrum short with small acute median tooth, white, narrowly margined with black; maxillary palpi, blue-green, sparsely pilose; mandibles triden- tate, blue-green with white base, tips shining purple; antennae green, first segment with eight prominent white setae; second, third and fourth segments sparsely pilose. Thorax sparsely pilose along sides, wider than long, widest at apical fourth, side margins narrowly constricted at base, basal and apical impres- sions deep, median longitudinal impression prominent, disk shallowly rugose; color, uniformly brilliant sericeous blue- green, impressions dark blue-green. Elytra glabrous, sides gradually widening to apical third, evenly rounded to apex, apical margins unserrated, subsutural row of foveae distinct, turning outward apically and joining with a row of distinct marginal foveae; surface uniformly punctate throughout, punctures separated by approximately twice their own widths, basal punctures slightly deeper than apical punctures; color uniformly sericeous blue-green, impressions dark blue-green to purplish, maculation consisting only of small apical spot. Beneath rather densely clothed with long, erect, white pile; color of entire underparts uniformly bluish-green ; legs blue- green, rather densely clothed with erect, white pile; front coxae and femora more densely pilose than rest of surface, trochanters of front and middle legs with single posterior setae. Length 11.9 mm., width 5.2 mm. Female. — Same as male, except for slightly larger size. Length 12.2 mm., width 5.2 mm. Holotype male, allotype female in the author’s collection, col- lected four miles north of Furnace Creek, Death Valley, Inyo 222 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vo l- XXXIV County, California, April 3, 1939, by the author. All specimens were taken along the margins of saline pools in the Amargosa River drainage basin. Forty-one male, and fifty female designated topo- typical paratypes collected by K. S. Hagen, W. F. Barr, L. L. Jen- sen, and the author deposited as follows; K. S. Hagen, eight; W. F. Barr, four; L. L. Jensen, fifteen; California Academy of Sciences, two ; Dr. Walther Horn, two ; Mont A. Cazier, four, and fifty-six in the author’s collection. This subspecies is most closely related to Cicindela willistoni Lee. and its subspecies pseudosenilis W. Horn, echo Csy., and spaldingi Csy., as given by Cazier,1 being probably most closely related to pseudosenilis. Cicindela willistoni amargosae can be readily sepa- rated from any of the above forms by its sericeous blue-green color, reduced maculation which consist only of the apical spot; by the elytral punctation and the almost universal lack of the cupreus tinge on the pronotum. In C. willistoni, pseudosenilis, echo, and spaldingi the elytral punctures are separated by less than their own widths and the interspaces are rugose. These rugosities obscure the punctures and cause the appearance to be dull. In amargosae the elytral punctures are separated by about twice their own widths and the interspaces lack these rugosities and are sericeous. The series before me shows little in variation except, in the color and maculations. Some specimens are bluish and vary to rather brilliant cupreus green. In a small number of specimens a small isolated ante-apical spot is faintly indicated. Two female speci- mens show a faint small spot representing a portion of the trans- verse arm of the middle band. The largest female is 13.0 mm. long and 6.6 mm. wide, the smallest male is 10.2 mm. long and 4.2 mm. wide. As far as is known the only locality for this subspecies is the salt flat near Furnace Creek, Death Valley, California. Specimens of Cicindela willistoni pseudosenilis, were taken at the same locality but none were exact intermediates between pseudosenilis and amar- gosae. The specimens of amargosae with a portion of the middle band show a gradation in the markings but are distinct in the punc- tation and color. Several specimens of pseudosenilis show a nar- rowing of the elytral markings; but no reduction, other than this narrowing, has been seen. Future collections may produce speci- mens more intermediate between the two forms than those now available. Certainly the occurrence of so large a population of this relatively constant aberrant form in this one locality, justifies its subspecific status. 1 Cazier, 1936; Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. ; 35: 1 57-1 59. October, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 223 ON FOOT NOTES, GLOSSES, OBITER DICTA AND ASIDES. All entomologists do it, even as you and I. Not one of us but what, at one time or another, in the course of comment, has inserted an important statement extraneous to the limited subject under discussion. This unfortunate practice leads to many mistakes of fact and interpretation. Such facts, for example, as the occurrence of Neotropical forms in our Southern border States, are inserted casually in some taxo- nomic discussion of another group. It might seem that such cases should have a separate and emphasized treatment, otherwise, they are overlooked or lost. Naturally, the writer’s formal acquaintance with these facts re- fers to hemipterology. But his editorial work has shown him that such things are done in other groups. Why mention in a commentary on Coleoptera that a given generic name is preoccupied in Hemiptera? What hemipterist is going to critically examine a paper on Coleoptera? Why, in a taxonomic and ecological discussion on a given group, state that a particular food plant harbors a diversity of other forms ? Who would think of looking for food-plants of Chrysomelidae in an article on Hemip- tera? Such things should be given a separate emphasized mention or they are lost. Why extensively discuss teratology in a taxonomic article on a certain genus, because a synonym was erected on an imperfect specimen ? Who would think of looking for such a distinct matter therein ? Why insert a question as to specific validities in an otherwise bare faunal list ? Such an item demands separate and more or less formal and documented individual treatment. Why put in as a footnote a remark or statement which is integral to the matter discussed and to its proper understanding ? — J. R. T.-B. Second Notice to Authors. — The numerous long papers on hand will delay the publication of the latest received. We cannot guarantee prompt publication of papers over 6 typewritten pages, double spaced. — Editor. 224 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vo1- XXXIV PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. Meeting of April 14, 1938. A regular meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held at the Brooklyn Museum on Thursday, April 14, 1938. Presi- dent William T. Davis presided, calling the meeting to order at 8:15 P.M. Ten other members were present, namely, Dr. Diet- rich and Dr. Tulloch, and Messrs. Buchholz, Dietz, Engelhardt, McElvare, Rau, Siepmann, Stecher and Wilford, also two visitors, Dr. A. Glenn Richards and Mr. Milton Lesser. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. Mr. Engelhardt presented a report of the treasurer. Mr. Engelhardt exhibited a specimen of Sphaeroderus which he took in his garden at Hartsdale, N. Y., this spring. Dr. A. Glenn Richards, Jr., was the speaker for the evening, addressing the society on the Noctuid moths of the Melipotis- Syneda group. There really isn’t any genus called Syneda any more, and the species are distributed among a great many genera. Melipotis and Syneda , however, are the genera to which our local species were once assigned, and the names are still familiar to many entomologists. The Melipotis-Syneda group is found in the Neotropical, Nearc- tic and Palearctic Zones. It is absent in the Ethiopian and Indo- Australian regions. The genera can be broken into four groups as follows : I. Phoberia (4 species), Cissusa ( Ulosyneda ) (4 or 5 species), Litocala (1 species), and Melipotis (40 to 50 species). II. Forsebia (1 species), Drasteria (50 species), Leucanitis (4 species), and Anumeta (about 10 species). III. Bulia ( Cirrobolina ) (4 species). IV. Panula (1 species). It is noteworthy that most of the species should fall into two genera, while the remaining genera are either monotypic or of small size. The majority of the species belong in the first two groups. Most of the species of the first group belong to Melipotis. With the exception of jucunda, all of the species of Melipotis are funda- mentally Neotropical, although ten species either extend or stray up northward into North America. Most of the species of the second group belong to the genus Drasteria, which is Holarctic in distri- bution. In the Old World the species of the Melipotis-Syneda group October, 198& Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 225 are found from Algeria and Palestine eastward to Abyssinia, Tur- kestan and Southern Russia. With the exception of one species, all of the Old World species occur in desert regions, similar to our sage deserts. The New World species usually occur in similar regions, although one Eastern species, which is sometimes reported as a pest in blueberry fields, does not. There is no one character which will delineate the Melipotis- Syneda group from the rest of the Noctuids. Wing venation is of no value as most of the lower Noctuids have the same venation. There are a few structural characters, but none of the kind you would want to use in a key. Other characters include the wing shape and the size of the cell of the hind wing. It is best, perhaps, to accept general habitus for separating the genera. Hampson constructed what he admitted was an artificial key based upon the spines of the tibia. This key is very useful because it places the species where they can be located and identified. It has been shown, however, by studies of larvae, genitalia and gen- eral habitus, that this is not a very natural division. These spines are very variable, but as a rule are constant in each species. In a common cutworm, Sidemia devastatrix, for example, there are ordinarily no spines on any of the legs. Yet, if you ex- amine a large series you find some with one or two spines on one or more legs up to four spines on each leg. If you were to follow Hampson’s key strictly, it would throw these specimens into differ- ent subfamilies. There is also a correlation between the presence or absence of spines on the tibia and the relative length of the tibia. The tibia becomes shorter and broader while the tarsus tends to maintain the same size relative to the insect, as the spines become present or more pronounced. This is quite general throughout the Noctuidae. It is best expressed by comparing the length of the tibia to the length of the metatarsus. In species without spines the metatarsus is from 2/3 to 3/4 the length of the tibia. In certain European species with small spines, the metatarsus is about the same length as the tibia. In species with large spines, as Drasteria, the tibia is shorter than the metatarsus. A continuous series of intermediate forms occurs, from unspined species having the corners of the tibiae rounded, to unspined species having the corners of the tibiae angulate, to species having spines so small that they are little more than an angulation, to species having spines of moderate or large size. There is no place where the series can be conveniently broken into genera. The results, too, are obviously artificial. In habitus and even 226 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society v°l- XXXIV more in the structure of the genitalia, the species of the Old World with spines on the tibiae are more closely related to the species of the Old World without spines than to those of North America with spines. Not all the species in North America with spines on the tibia look alike. Some of the species with spines are not so closely related to each other as they are to others without spines. Another interesting thing about this family is the tendency for some of the species to simulate, in their ground color, the color of the environment in which they live. Dr. Richards illustrated his talk with specimens from various parts of the world. The meeting adjourned at io: oo P.M. Carl Geo. Siepmann, Secretary. Meeting of May 12, 1938. A regular meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held at the Brooklyn Museum, on Thursday, May 12, 1938, with president William T. Davis in the chair and eleven others members present, namely, Messrs. Buchholz, Dietz, Engelhardt, Krombein, McElvare, Pechuman, Rau, Shoemaker and Stecher, Dr. Dietrich and Dr. Tulloch; also three visitors, Miss Dietz; Mr. Richard Lewis Post, and the Rev. Edward Guedet, of Napa, California. In the absence of the Secretary, Dr. Tulloch acted as Secretary pro tern. Mr. Engelhardt reported informally on the financial status of the Society. Mr. Engelhardt exhibited a selection of the clearwing moths Aegeria apiformis and tibialis Harris. In the larval state both species are borers at the base or in the upper roots of poplars, aspen and willow, the first named an introduction from Europe, the sec- ond indigenous to North America, ranging across the continent. Apiformis has become well established and of economic importance along a narrow belt on the Atlantic Coast hardly exceeding 100 miles either south or north of New York City. Of tibialis , although described by Harris over a hundred years ago, very few examples have been collected in the New England States. Most of the examples in collections come from the Rocky Mountain regions, from British Columbia and the Pacific Coast. Through- out the range of the species there occur color variations indicative of climatic conditions in environment, darkening in moist, cool regions and brightening in arid, warm regions. Several of the October, 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 227 variations have been given specific rank, but they should not be recognized other than as geographical races of one species. Examples of pupa, cocoon and larval work in an aspen were shown. A female of the butterfly Anthocharis genutia Fab. was bred by Mr. Engelhardt, emerging on April 21. Larvae were noticed in May 1937 on rock mustard at Lincoln, N. J. They were trans- ferred with food plant to Mr. Engelhardt’s garden at Hartsdale, N. Y. and later to a cool basement where they pupated and wintered well. Success was also obtained with a chrysalid of the little blue butterfly Phaedrotes piasus Bdv. collected under a stone on Mon- arch Pass, Chaffee Co., Colorado, elevation 12,000 feet during July, 1937. Wintering in a cool basement, a perfect female emerged on May 10, 1938. Mr. Hans L. Stecher exhibited several specimens of the Pronuba moth as well as other specimens from Staten Island and New Jersey. Mr. Davis called attention to the description of a thrips, Aspro- thrips raui, by Mr. J. D. Crawford representing a new genus and a new species. Mr. Davis exhibited a number of cicadas of 19 species that he had recently spread and labeled. Diceroprocta apache as found at Indio, Cal. is of interest because it varies from specimens with black bodies to pale chocolate colored individuals. In some parts of its range only black bodied forms occur. Okanagodes pallida from Westmoreland, south of the Salton Sea, varies from pale green to straw color, and fits well its environment. Clidophleps vagans, originally named from a single individual found in an automobile, is now known to occur at times in considerable numbers in San Ber- nardino County, Cal. Six specimens collected by Arthur T. McClay near Victorville, June 24, 1937 were shown. The paper of the evening was a talk by Mr. Rau on “The Theo- retical and Practical Application of Biological Control to Green- house Insects,” the substance of which will be published separately in a series of papers. Mr. Rau illustrated his talk with living specimens. George S. Tulloch Secretary pro tem. 228 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society v°l • XXXIV EXCHANGES This one page is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of articles for sale. Notices not exceeding THREE lines free to subscribers. Over lines charged for at 15 cents per line per insertion. Old notices will be discontinued as space for new ones is needed. DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA. — Have many desirable west- ern species to exchange, including Argynnis atossa, macaria , mor- monia, malcolmi, nokomis; Melitaea neumoegeni; Lycaena speci- osa; etc. Send lists. Dr. John A. Comstock, Los Angeles Mu- seum, Exposition Park, Los Angeles, Calif. CATOPINI: Catops ( Choleva ), Prionochaeta, Ptomaphagus. — Wanted to borrow all possible specimens of these genera from North America for a revisional study. Correspondence solicited. — Melville H. Hatch, Dept, of Zoology, Univ. of Wash., Seattle, Wash. BUY OR EXCHANGE: Pinned Microlepidoptera and papered Pieridae of North America. Full data with all specimens. Named material of all groups offered. Alexander B. Klots, College of the City of New York, New York City. EXCHANGE OR FOR SALE. — Catocala herodias (Ger- hardi), Graptolitha viridipallens and others. Wanted: Rare N. A. Macro-Lepidoptera. F. Lemmer, Lakehurst, N. J. WANTED. — North American CHRYSIDIDAE for exchange or determination, with privilege of retaining duplicates. W. G. Bodenstein, Dept. Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. PENTATOMIDAE : Want to buy or exchange Petatomidae from the United States and Mexico. Herbert Ruckes, College of the City of New York, 17 Lexington Ave. N.Y.C. LOCALITY LABELS— 5 in strip, 1 to 3 lines. 75c per thous- and. Pamphlet price list, samples upon request. Any size type. Si point, $1.00 per thousand. George F. Michels, Printing — 604 Hollenbeck St., Rochester, N. Y. ACALYPTRATE DIPTERA OF THE WORLD wanted for determination or in exchange for other insects. Geo. Steyskal, 23341 Puritan Ave., Detroit, Mich. LOCALITY LABELS. — si or 4 point type; 40c per five hun- dred, 60c per thousand, 40c for each additional thousand, same type. Type labels on colored paper 10c extra. Good paper, clean work, no trimming. The Nature Co., Box 388, Lawrence, Kansas. % Vol. XXXIV DECEMBER, 1939 No. 5 BULLETIN OF THE Brooklyn Entomological Society NEW SERIES PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la T ORRE-BUEN O, Editor CARL GEO. SIEPMANN GEO. P. ENGELHARDT Published for the Society by The Science Press Printing Company, N. Queen St. and McGovern Ave., Lancaster, Pa., Price, 60 cents Subscription, $2.50 per year Mailed November 13, 1939 Entered as second-class matter January 21, 1919, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879 The Brooklyn Entomological Society Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1938 Honorary President CHARLES W. LENG President W. T. DAVIS Vice-President R. R. McElvare Recording Secretary CARL GEO. SIEPMANN Corresponding Secretary FREDERICK LEMMER Treasurer G. P. ENGELHARDT 28 Clubway Hartsdale, N. Y. Librarian H. E. WILFORD Curator J. M. SHERIDAN Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences G. P. ENGELHARDT CONTENTS COLLECTING NOTES ON ASILIDAE, Blanton 229 HEAD HAIRS OF CULEX LARVAE, Tulloch 235 BROCHYMENA FLORIDA, n. sp., Ruckes 236 BOOK NOTE, J. R. T.-B 239 MEXICAN SPECIES OF CHRYSOPS, Pechuman 240 INJURY BY JERUSALEM CRICKET, Du Bois 244 SYNOPSIS OF ODYNERUS BOSCH GROUP, Bohart 245 NOTES ON BUTTERFLY MIGRATION— II, O'Byrne 252 NEW INSECT CONTAINER, Martin 255 NEW LOXANDRUS, Wright 257 CENTRIS IN COLORADO, Cockerell 258 ABEDUS EATEN BY RACCOON, Torre-Bueno 258 BRENTHIS APHIRAPE IN N. A., Klots 259 NOTE ON MANTISPIDAE, Hungerford 265 EDITORIAL, PUBLICATION COMMITTEE 266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, Siepmann 267 EXCHANGES 269 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in February, April, June, October and December of each year Subscription price, domestic, $2.50 per year ; foreign, $2.75 in advance ; single copies, 60 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication. Address subscriptions and all communications to J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor, 311 East 4th St., Tucson, Ariz. BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. XXXIV December, 1939 No. 5 COLLECTING NOTES ON THE FAMILY ASILIDAE (DIPTERA). By F. S. Blanton, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine U. S. Department of Agriculture. The purpose of this paper is to record some of the observations made by the writer while collecting species belonging to this inter- esting family of Diptera. Although the family is represented in the writer’s collection by considerably over 200 species, a number of these have been added through exchanges. This paper records some 63 species of Asilidae collected by the writer, and includes collecting notes for most of the species. Although not designed or likely to be of any great help to the specialist in this family, the paper may be of some help to the amateur. The family Asilidae has always been of great interest to the writer, and even when he was a small boy the “antics” of some species completely captivated his attention. These antics included their turning the head from side to side while looking for prey. One very small species, Holopogon guttula, always takes the writer back to his experiences in the infantry. It seems to be able to do “right dress,” “left dress,” “about face,” “forward march,” and “backward march” in “double-quick” time. There are other species that go through some of these same capers. It was most interesting to watch a rather large species of robber fly in southern Alabama while it was feeding on large bees and wasps. According to Dr. Bromley, this was Diogmites sp. It would grasp a twig and hang by one or, at the most, two legs while using the remaining legs to maneuver the sting away from its mouth. The prey was kept at more or less legs’ length, but eventu- ally the fly would turn its head to the prey and insert the proboscis. Even though the prey would sometimes be as large as this fly, it would seldom struggle from the time the proboscis touched. Many species resemble bees. The species of Bombomima, espe- cially, resemble the bumblebees. 230 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vo1- XXXIV Proctacanthus milbertii , a common species in southern Alabama, was called a “boo-hoo” by the small boys of that particular section. As a small boy the writer also called this fly a “boo-hoo,” probably because it made a sound like “boo-hoo” while in flight. In 1932 the writer visited this section again and had the opportunity to check on this species and the common name which had been given to certain members of the family. The name struck the writer as being rather appropriate when applied to Proctacanthus milbertii , as it did make a rather low- pitched “boo-hoo” sound as it flew in nervous spurts close to the ground. There seemed to be an irregular succession of wing beats and at each of these the sound “hoo” could be heard. The longer the flight, therefore, the more “hoo’s” to be appended. Several small boys were taken for a hike through woods and fields and all agreed that this species was a typical “boo-hoo.” There were other “boo-hoo’s,” of course, and these were designated as little, big, black, or red “boo-hoo’s.” Although none of these boys knew anything about entomology, they recognized the char- acters that caused certain Asilidae to fall into the “boo-hoo” tribe. They also recognized the beneficial qualities of the family, since all had witnessed them catching and killing insect pests. Not a few of the group had been bitten by some species of the Asilidae, and the writer was informed that a large species which occurred in the spring could inflict a severe bite. This was probably Dizonias tristis , according to Bromley, who informs the writer that this species is the worst biter he knows. A number of Asilidae have been identified for the writer by the late J. M. Aldrich and by J. Wilcox, C. T. Greene, Charles Martin, Maurice James, and Stanley Bromley. While the writer also has identified a number of specimens, in order to have all identifications confirmed Dr. Bromley, at the writer’s request, has checked the entire collection and the appended list. At Dr. Bromley’s sugges- tion these notes have been prepared for publication. The writer gratefully acknowledges the assistance of all the above mentioned workers. The number of specimens collected is placed in parenthesis after the notes on each species. The dash between the names of localities “Manchester-Rupert” means from Manchester to Rupert. List of Species with Notes. Andrenosoma fulvicauda (Say). New York: L. I., Babylon, July; on oak tree trunk. (2.) Asilus angustipennis Hine. New York: L. I., Centereach, Sept. (1.) Dec., 1933 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 231 Asilus auricomus Hine. New York: L. I., Babylon, July-Aug. (2.) Asilus autumnalis Banks. New York: L. I., Selden, Sept.; Fire Island, Sept. (2.) Asilus erythrocnemius Hine. New York: L. I., Babylon, June; Centereach, Sept.; Florida: Ocala, Nov. (9.) Asilus flavofemoratus Hine. New York: L. I., Babylon, June- July; Dix Hills, June; Farmingdale, June; Belledaire, June; Wildwood Park, June; Virginia: Petersburg, May. On twigs in open woods. (54.) Asilus gracilis Wied. Alabama: Atmore, July (Alton Blanton). . U-) Asilus lecythus Walk. New York: L. I., Farmingdale, June; Cen- tereach, June-Sept. ; Selden, Sept.; Babylon, June-July; Florida: Bratt, April, 1933 (Alton Blanton). (19.) Asilus maneei Hine. New York: L. I., Babylon, July-Sept. ; Dix Hills, Aug. ; Half Way Hollow Hills, Aug. Always taken on trunks of trees, sometimes on pine but usually on oak. In Babylon they seem to prefer oak, with black or very dark bark. (116.) Asilus novae-scotiae Macq. New York: L. I., Babylon, July-Sept. . (3-) Asilus notatus Wied. New York: L. I., Babylon, June; Farming- dale, June; Belledaire, June; Islip, June; Wild Wood, St. Park, June; Tuxedo, July; New Hampshire: Bretton Woods, July; New Jersey: June; Connecticut: July; Maine: July; Massachusetts: July. (23.) Asilus orphne Walk. L. I., Brentwood, May; Dix Hills, June; Belledaire, June; Islip, July; New Hampshire: Mt. Washing- ton (Alpine Garden), July, 1935. (6.) Asilus paropus Walk. New York: L. I., Babylon, June-Sept.; Vermont: Manchester-Rupert, July, New Hampshire: Bret- ton Woods, July; Half Way House to Gorham, July; Maine: July. (13.) Asilus sadyates Walk. New York: L. I., Babylon, Sept. (2.) Asilus sericeus Say. New York: Babylon, June-July ; New Hamp- shire: Notchland, July. I have found this species very abun- dant sitting on the ground among bracken ferns at the edge of fields near the Belmont trail in Babylon. (4 7.) Asilus snowi Hine. New York: Babylon, L. I., Aug.; Vermont: Bolton, July; Manchester-Rupert, July; Maine: July; Ohio: July; Florida: Bratt, April. (8.) Atomosia puella (Wied.). New York: L. I., Dix Hills, August. Taken on the trunks of oak trees. (3.) 232 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV Bombomima ajfmis (Macq.). Alabama: Atmore, Nov. (Alton Blanton), (i.) Bombomima champlanii (Walton). New York: L. I., Babylon, July; Huntington, Aug. (3.) Bombomima cinerea (Back). New York : L. I., Babylon, May, on tree trunk. (2.) Bombomima flavicollis (Say). New York: L. I., Babylon, June- July; Bear Mt., June. Found in or at edge of woods in sunny places, usually sitting on foliage of various plants. (19.) Bombomima grossa (F.). New York: L. I., Babylon, July. Found in or at edge of deep woods in sunny places, one specimen taken on Belmont trail on maple tree foliage 8 or 9 feet high. (2.) Bombomima thoracica (F.). New York: L. I., Babylon, June, 1936; Islip, July. In tall grass at edge of woods. (7.) Bombomima virginica (Banks). New York: L. I., Babylon, June. (!•) Cerotainia albipilosa Curran. New York: L. I., Babylon, July 21. (!•) Cyrtopogon falto (Walk.). New York: L. I., Babylon, May- June-July; Dix Hills, June; Heckscher St. Park, May. Found in sunny places in deep woods. (14.) Cyrtopogon lutatius (Walk.). New York: L. I., Babylon, May- June-July. These specimens have been taken in open sunshine on tree trunks and on stumps. Almost all of these, however, were taken on old junked cars near the Belmont trail and stream. (195.) Cyrtopogon marginalis Loew. New York: L. I., Babylon, April (1 specimen), May. Most specimens were taken in a spot about 1 acre in size on the trunks of trees (white oak) from ground level to 3 feet above ground. A few were taken on ground near trunk of tree. (64.) Dioctria baumhaueri Meig. New- York: L. I., Babylon, May-July; Dix Hills, June. This species is found to be most abundant in an old field grown up with wild cherry bushes, near the U. S. Entomological Laboratory. Also common in fence rows on foliage. (341.) Dioctria brevis Banks. New York: L. I., Babylon, July; Wild- wood St. Park, June; Dix Hills, June. Vermont: Smugglers Notch, July. This species was taken in sunny places in open woods. (6.) Diogmites discolor Loew. New York: Yonkers, Aug. (4.) Diogmites misellus Loew. New York: L. I., Bablyon, July-Aug- Sept. ; Dix Hills, July-Aug -Sept. ; Centereach, Sept.; Islip, Dec., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 233 July. Florida: Bratt, June; Alabama: Atmore, June. This species has been found especially common in fence rows sitting on ground or green foliage near ground. In Babylon it has been frequently taken on cranberry plants near woods. (106.) Diogmites salutans Bromley. Florida: Bratt, June-July-Sept. (Alton Blanton). (15.) Diogmites umbrinus Loew. L. I., Fire Island Beach, Aug.-Sept. ; Orient Point, Sept.; Ohio: July. These specimens were sit- ting on the ground in salt marsh grass near the beach. The vegetation was about waist high where these were taken. (13.) Erax aestuans (L.). New York: L. I., Babylon, June-Aug. ; Islip, July; New Jersey: Trenton, June. Some of these specimens were taken in freshly plowed fields on hot, dry soil. (34.) Erax barbatus (F.). New York: L. I., Babylon, July; Islip, July; Fire Island Beach, July; New Jersey: June; Alabama: At- more, July; Florida: Bratt, May, July. All specimens were taken on the ground. (47.) Erax femoratus Macq. New York: L. I., Babylon, July; Florida: Bratt, June-Aug. (4.) Erax interruptus Macq. Florida: Bratt, May-Sept.; Alabama: Bayminette, Aug.; Atmore, July-Sept. (Alton Blanton), on ground. (85.) Erax rufibarbis Macq. New York: L. I., Babylon, Aug.-Sept.; North Carolina: Oct. ; Florida: Bratt, Oct. ; Alabama: Atmore, Nov. A number of specimens were taken on fence posts on a cool September morning. In North Carolina most specimens were taken in a field where hay had recently been cut. (47.) Holcocephala abdominalis (Say). North Carolina: Oct.; Florida: Ocala, Nov. The specimens taken at Willard, N. C., were sitting on dead stems of “dog fennel,” Eupatorium compositi- folium, at edge of field and near woods. (8.) Holopogon guttula (Wied.). New York: L. I., Islip, July; Baby- lon, June-July; Brentwood, July; Farmingdale, June-July; North Carolina: Carolina Beach, May. Found on ends of twigs, especially abundant near water. Several specimens were confined to a test tube and numerous eggs were laid. (I34-) Laphria canis Will. New York: L. I., Babylon, June-July; Dix Hills, June; Wildwood St. Park, June; Bear Mt., June. These were taken in thick woods in sunny places, sitting on foliage. (5-) Laphria ithypyga McAtee. New York: L. I., Babylon, July. These specimens were taken on oak tree trunks. (3.) 234 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society v°l • XXXIV Laphystia lit or alls Curran. North Carolina: Carolina Beach, Oct. Thousands of specimens were sitting on white sand near the ocean but were so active that only two were caught in 3 hours. Later, in the cooler part of the afternoon, about 30 specimens were taken. (22.) Mallophora bomboides (Wied.). Florida : Jacksonville Beach, Oct. In tall grass. (1.) Nicocles politus (Say). New York: L. I., Centereach, Sept.; Sel- den, Sept. ; Medford Sta., Sept. ; Hither Hills State Park, Sept.; North Carolina: Chinquapin, Oct.; Alabama: Atmore, Nov. On Long Island this species is most abundant on hill- sides supporting very little growth and usually covered with low bushes of huckleberries, Vaccinium, and myrtle ( Myrica asplenifolium) . The flies sit on the leaves of this plant and on twigs among the plants. The male has fine silver hairs on the end of the abdomen and has been observed hovering in front of the female, waving the abdomen in the sunlight. (io4-) Ommatius tibialis Say. New York: L. I., Babylon, June-July; Islip, June and July; Laurel Beach, Aug. Found on dead twigs. (94.) Proctacanthus brevipennis (Wied.). New York: Half Way Hol- low Hills, June; Babylon, June-July; Carolina: Willard, May. (iS) Proctacanthus milbertii Macq. Alabama: Atmore, Oct.-Nov. ; Florida: Bratt, Sept. Common in open fields and on dirt road- ways, fence rows, open sunlight, etc. (17.) Proctacanthus philadelphicus Macq. New York: L. I., Babylon, July-Aug.-Sept. These specimens are quite numerous in old fields, fence rows, etc. The species has a wide distribution and is found in many plant associations but usually in the open sunlight. (41.) Proctacanthus rufus Will. New York: L. I. West Hampton Beach, July. Onground. (1.) Promachus bastardii (Macq.). New York: L. I., Babylon, July. Near woods. (11.) Promachus fitchii O. S. New York: L. I., Babylon, July. (3.) Promachus rufipes (F.). North Carolina: Willard, Oct. These specimens were taken at fence rows dividing dense woods and open fields. (4.) Psilonyx ( Leptogaster ) badius Loew. New York: L. I., Babylon, July. (2.) Psilonyx ( Leptogaster ) favillaceus Loew. Vermont : Manchester- Bee., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 235 Rupert, July; New York: L. I., Babylon, July. In tall grass. . (3-) Psilonyx ( Leptogaster ) flavipes Loew. New York : L. I., Wild- wood State Park, June. Babylon, June-July. (5.) Psilonyx ( Leptogaster ) incisuralis Loew. New York: L. I., Baby- Ion, July. (1.) Psilonyx ( Leptogaster ) pictipes Loew. New York: L. I., Islip, Babylon, June. Found sitting in short grass in shade of wild cherry tree. (4.) Psilonyx ( Leptogaster ) virgatus Coq. New York: L. I., Farming- dale, June. In grass. (1.) Stichopogon argenteus (Say). New York: L. I., Fire Island Beach, Sept. ; Oak Beach, Aug.-Sept. This species was found in abundance on the sand near the edge of the ocean as well as back in the dunes. (321.) Stichopogon trifasciatus (Say). New York: L. I., Babylon, July- Aug. ; Islip, July; Fire Island Beach, July-Sept. ; Oak Beach, July. This species is found on sand. (149.) Townsendia niger Back. North Carolina: Willard, May. (1.) Variation in the head hairs of Culex apicalis larvae. — In many of the descriptions of the larval stage of this mosquito the statement is made that the, “upper and lower dorsal head hairs are single and long” and no mention is made of the variations from this condition. In order to determine the extent of these variations 5000 fourth stage larvae collected from all parts of the state of Massachusetts were mixed together and a sample of 225 specimens was removed and examined. The results were as follows : All head hairs single 30% Upper right hair double, all others single 10% Upper left hair double, all others single 10% Both upper head hairs double, lower hairs single 26.5% All head hairs double 13.5% Of the remaining 10%, 9% were other combinations of single and double hairs and 1 % were combinations of single, double and triple hairs. It would appear that the description of the head hairs should be: head hairs with all combinations from the complete single to complete double condition, occasionally some of the hairs triple.— George S. Tulloch, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York. 236 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXIY BROCHYMENA FLORIDA, A NEW SPECIES OF PENTATOMID FROM FLORIDA. By Herbert Ruckes, College of the City of New York, New York City. In examining collections of Brochymena from many museums and State Universities, I have been impressed with the non-con- formity of certain specimens, usually assigned to the species B. arbor ea (Say), with the original description and the usually ac- cepted determinations of these in standard collections. In every instance these questionable specimens have the facies of B. arbor ea but differ from that species in very definite respects. Moreover, these specimens always bear locality labels from some collecting ground in southern Florida. Indeed, in several collections they have been definitely, but erroneously, identified as B. poeyi (Guer.). I fear that all the continental records of the latter species, which is endemic to Cuba, may be incorrect and that specimens so assigned are in reality the species I herewith describe and name Brochymena florida. In the future it will be necessary to separate B. florida from the better known B. arborea and the confused and doubtful records of B. poeyi. Brochymena florida, n. sp. Form oval, subdepressed, roughish, faceted; color yellowish or reddish brown rather than grayish brown as in arborea; dis- tance across head just in front of eyes one third greater than transverse distance between subapical teeth so that sides of head tend to converge anteriorly (in arborea this distance aver- ages only about one sixth greater and the sides of the head are more nearly parallel) ; juga subequal to tylus, very seldom longer and then by only a very small fraction of their width at their tips ; the outline of the head in front of subapical teeth arcuate or nearly so, the edges of the juga being slightly curved (in arborea the juga are frequently distinctly longer than tylus and an appreciable rectilinear sinus between their tips is usually evident, the edges of the juga are more nearly straight and the outline of the head in front of the subapical teeth is more nearly triangular-truncate) ; dorsal surface of the head less undulant than in arborea; first antennal segment reaches well beyond the tip of the subapical tooth and frequently as far forward as the tip of head (in arborea this segment is shorter, only occasion- ally does it reach more than midway beyond the tooth) ; pro- notal surface not as strongly undulant as in arborea with the Dec., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 237 anterior median rectilinear depressed area more shallow than in that species ; humeri, as in allied forms, quadrangular, with a prominent tooth at the front and hind corner and at least one smaller one between ; the dorsal lateral edge of the humerus is not raised in an oblique smooth bar or obtuse ledge as in arborea and there is no horizontal sulcus between the humeral teeth and its dorsal surface (this sulcus is usually very pro- nounced in arborea ), the dorsal humeral surface is gradually continuous to the lateral edge and the whole humerus is not block-shaped and thickish as in arborea; basal third of scutel- lum while swollen is certainly not tumid and its highest point is not much raised above the disc of the pronotum (in arborea usually this portion of the scutellum is quite high and its sur1 face very undulant) ; femora with fuscous markings usually restricted to the distal half of the shaft (in arborea they extend onto the proximal half and in many instances as far proximad as the trochanter) ; tibiae distinctly sulcate with the edges raised and quite evident (in arborea the edges are usually in- distinct and the sulcus shallow) ; the annulations on the tibiae are distinctive in that there are usually only two broad black annuli, one toward each end of the shaft, and a much smaller central one, indistinct and frequently represented by only a few darkish flecks (in arborea the dark annuli, three in number are more nearly subequal in size, especially on the fore tibiae, and the middle dark blotch is rectilinear and conspicuous) ; the first tarsal joint has the major portion of its dorsal surface pale and frequently the second joint is pale also; exposed portion of the connexivum alternated as in arborea but the dark bars do not reach the very edge of the segments, or if they do they are weak there and inconspicuous; the ventral stigmata in oblique lines, mentioned by Say for arborea are much less conspicuous than in that species, the colors being paler and the dark ring around each spiracle much narrower; anterior and posterior angles of ventral abdominal segments either lack the black triangular spot, so characteristic for arborea or the marks are very obsolescent, the females have a greater tendency to retain these spots than the males, in which case then the dark bands on the connexivum reach the edge of the segments; the horse- shoe-shaped fuscous or black vittae on the lateral ends of each ventral segment, also so characteristic of arborea, are lacking or very indistinct; genitalia, both male and female somewhat heavier than in arborea; the exposed posterior surface of the hook of the male paramere is flattish and in some specimens shallowly sulcate, the lateral surface of the paramere appears 238 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vo1- XXXIV dark fuscous and the mesal surface much paler, tawny or light fuscous (in arborea the hook of the paramere has its posterior surface slightly convex and the lateral surfaces are more nearly concolorous) ; female with a small deep triangular sinus be- tween the proximal median corners of the basal valves and the mid-point of the posterior edge of the previous segment. Size: Females average 18 mm. long and io mm. across humeri. Males average 14 mm. long and 8^ mm. across humeri. Described from nineteen specimens in the combined collections of Purdue University (Blatchley Collection) and the American Museum of Natural History (Mrs. Annie T. Slosson Collection). Type: Female, Tampa, Fla. Coll. Mrs. A. T. Slosson. A.M.- N.H. Ac. No. 26226. Deposited in the American Museum of Natural History. Allotype: Male, Florida, same data. Paratypes: Purdue University Collection: Males: Dunedin, Fla. i/i3/3°j — /13/n, 2/29/13; Mooseft, Fla. 3/2/18; Royal Palm Pk., Fla. 12/12/24; Cape Sable, Fla. 2/23/19. Females: Dunedin, Fla. 1/20/18, 4/13/25; Little River, Fla. 8/1/31 (J. C. Bradley) ; Royal Palm Pk., Fla. 12/12/34, a second specimen, no date, Coll. P. M. Jones; Cape Sable, Fla. 2/23/19 (2 specimens). American Museum Collection, in addition to the types: Males: Biscayne Bay, Fla. 8/20/35 (2 specimens) ; another specimen from the A. T. Slosson Collection, no date; A.M.N.H. Acc. No. 26226. Female: La Belle, Fla. 4/27/12. Author’s collection: One speci- men, female, Winter Park, Fla., 8/8/39. Dec., 193d Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 239 ADDENDA: Through an oversight in the printing of the de- scriptions of B. lineata and B. dilata (Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. Vol. XXXIII; No. 5) the dimensions of the types were omitted. They are given at this time. Brochymena lineata Type: Female i6^ mm. long; 8^ mm. across humeri. Allotype: Male 16 mm. long; 8 mm. across humeri. Brochymena dilata Type: Female i8j mm. long; 9 \ mm. across humeri; 1 mm. across widest portion of abdomen. Allotype: Male, 1 7^ mm. long; 9 mm. across humeri; iof mm. across widest portion of abdomen. BOOK NOTES. Food-plant Catalogue of the Aphids of the World Including the Phylloxeridae, by Edith M. Patch. 1938. Maine Agricul- tural Experiment Station Bulletin 393, pp. 35-431. Orono, Maine. Dr. Patch crowns her many years of work on aphids with this volume, one of the most useful of publications. While, as she states, it “is a compilation from aphid literature up to and including 1935,” fact remains that it represents a vast amount of work. Of course, no worker with aphids will do without this Catalogue, if he can help it. The Catalogue is arranged throughout in the order of the plant groups inhabited or fed upon by aphids. This part fills 231 pages. A Bibliography of 55 pages follows. There is an Index of Plant Families in 7 pages ; and finally she has a specific Index to Aphids of 102 pages, with a few final lines of text-corrections. One excel- lent feature is that Dr. Patch is careful to explain wherever called for, the limitations of that part. No book note is ever complete or perfect ( !) without picking a flaw; and here is the one we have found. And it is emphatically not to be attributed to Dr. Patch, who simply followed accepted aphid literature by an authority. On p. 265 she has an “Unclassified Genus.” This is Termitaphis, which is not only not an aphid, but not even an Homopteran. It is the type-genus of the heteropterous family Termitaphididae, which appears to be closely related to the Aradidae and certainly is in the superfamily Aradoideae. We do wish some industrious heteropterist would do the same with the true bugs. — J. R. T.-B. 240 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV NOTES ON SOME MEXICAN SPECIES OF CHRYSOPS (DIPTERA— TABANIDAE) AND THE DESCRIP- TION OF A NEW SPECIES. By L. L. Pechuman, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Due to the difficulty in securing material from Mexico, many of the specimens that are obtained are often of considerable interest. The writer recently had the opportunity of studying a number of specimens of Chrysops from Mexico, and even in this small lot of material one new species and two others of considerable rarity were found. It is to be hoped that more material in this group will be secured in the future. The loan of specimens by Mr. T. H. G. Aitken and Dr. C. B. Philip is greatly appreciated. Chrysops affinis Bellardi. In a previous paper (1937, Rev. Ent. 7, p. 134) the writer rede- scribed the male of this species which had been unknown since its original description in 1859. Recently, through the kindness of Dr. Philip, I have been able to examine a female of this species. Since the female has been previously unknown, a description of this sex will not be out of place at this time. A single specimen collected in Mexico by McGunnell was examined. Length — 10 mm. Head. Frontoclypeus orange with a black spot at apex, de- nuded except for salmon colored pollen in center; cheeks polli- nose with rather long hairs which are dense below; cheek callosities shining orange, darker laterally; front above anten- nae yellowish brown pollinose with black integument showing through in vicinity of ocelli; frontal callosity very wide, nar- rowly separated from eyes; orange margined with black above; front slightly wider than high; first two antennal segments swollen, orange with dense black hairs; third segment black, paler at base, covered with fine pale hairs ; palpi and proboscis orange, the proboscis becoming darker at apex. Thorax. Dorsum brownish pollinose with three indistinct brownish stripes, paler laterally ; scutellum brownish pollinose ; pleura grayish brown pollinose with gray hairs. Legs with front coxae orange, fuscous at apex; middle and hind coxae black with gray pollen; all coxae rather densely covered with pale hairs; trochanters reddish brown; femora orange, slightly darker at apex ; tibiae orange shading to reddish brown toward apex ; hind tibiae with a row of stiff golden hairs ; front meta- tarsi dark brown; middle and hind metatarsi reddish brown Dec., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 241 becoming darker at apex ; remainder of tarsal segments mostly black, some showing paler at base. Wings as in male (Pechu- man, 1937, fig. 1) except discal cell with a hyaline spot in cen- ter and basal infuscation of second basal cell is not as extensive as in first. Abdomen. Dorsum largely black with grayish yellow mark- ings. Posterior margins of all segments pale. First tergite with pale lateral margins ; second with pale lateral margins and three pale more or less triangular invaginations of the poste- rior border, the center one of which reaches the anterior mar- gin; third to fifth segments with similar pale invaginations none of which reaches the anterior margin; remaining seg- ments mostly dark. Apex of abdomen with rather dense pale hair. Venter orange with a wide median fuscous band and a lateral one on each side ; densely covered with pale hair. Heterochrysops giganteus described by Krober (1925, Konowia 4, p. 229) is undoubtedly the female of C. affinis. The presence of a hyaline spot in the discal cell would place C. affinis in Krober’s Heterochrysops, but as noted previously the discal cell of the male is completely infuscated. Chrysops apicalis Bellardi. This is the last of Bellardi’s species which has been completely unknown to subsequent workers. According to Bellardi, the type was deposited in the Zoological Museum of Paris, but the writer was unable to locate the type in any of the Paris museums or in the British Museum. Through the kindness of Prof. Alceste Arcangeli and Dr. Enrico Tortonese, however, the type was located at the Museum of Zoology of the University of Turin. These gentlemen sent the writer a description of the type and colored drawings of the wing, a dorsal view of the head, thorax, and abdomen, and lat- eral and ventral views of the abdomen. After a study of these drawings the writer is convinced that C. apicalis is the male of C. scalarata Bell., the description of which is on the page preceding that of C. apicalis in Bellardi’s paper. The wing pattern is the same as in C. scalarata except that the basal cells are two-thirds infuscated and the projection of the cross- band along the anterior branch of the fifth longitudinal vein (M3) is shorter than in most female specimens. The first antennal seg- ment apparently is swollen about as much as in the average female specimen. The dorsum of the abdomen is essentially like that of the female but mid-dorsal spots are lacking. The yellow lateral spots on the first and second tergites coalesce as in the female, but the black stripe separating this spot from the yellow on the sides of 242 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society FoL XXXIV the abdomen is incomplete. In several females examined, however, a similar condition has been found. The markings of the venter are the same as in the female. Ricardo (1901, Ann. Nat. Hist. 8 , p. 304) records two Chrysops from Mexico which she believed to be males of C. scalarata. She also noted that the basal cells were partly infuscated. It is not un- usual, however, for a species of Chrysops to have clear basal cells in the female and infuscated ones in the male. The possibility that C. scalarata is the same as C. lateralis Wied. has been discussed by several workers, but probably nothing definite can be decided until Wiedemann’s type is studied. Chrysops facialis Towns. This species has been previously known from a very few speci- mens, but the writer was able to examine a series of twenty-five specimens from Juan Manuel, Durango, Mexico, collected at an altitude of 9,300 ft. by A. Mead and M. Embury on May 29 and June 3, 1937. Two specimens from Arizona were also studied. On the whole there was little variation in the specimens examined. The Arizona specimens had in general more yellow especially on the antennae and legs. In the Mexican specimens the antennae were yellow only on the inner portion of the first segment and the front coxae were usually dark. The disk of the frontal callosity was about half yellow in all the specimens examined ; the species was originally described with a black frontal callosity but Brennan (1935, U. Kans. Sci. Bui. 22, p. 292) had already doubted the valid- ity of this character. In some specimens the geminate spots on the second abdominal segment do not meet along the anterior margin of the segment, and several individuals had small lateral spots on the third segment. The apical spot was quite wide in all specimens examined, but in several it scarcely more than entered the apex of the second submarginal cell. In length the Mexican series varied from 6.6 to 8.9 mm., with an average of 7.5 mm. Collected at the same time as the series of C. facialis were thir- teen specimens which showed affinities with that species, but were so distinct in many respects and without intergrades with C. facialis that they may be designated as representing an undescribed species. Chrysops mutata n. sp. Female • Length — 5.5 mm. Head. Antennae black, somewhat shining; first two seg- ments rather densely covered with black hairs ; scape swollen, pedicel less so. Front slightly wider than high, grayish polli- nose below frontal callosity, shading to yellowish above; de- Dec., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 243 nuded in vicinity of ocelli ; long blackish hairs scattered over surface. Frontal callosity narrowly separated from eyes; black, yellow on disk ; a denuded line connects frontal callosity and lowest ocellus. Frontoclypeus largely shining black; two elongate denuded yellowish spots laterally and a yellow polli- nose area in the center divide the black of the frontoclypeus into four spots which coalesce below. Cheeks yellow pollinose above; oral margins shining black with long grayish hairs. Palpi blackish brown with grayish hairs. Proboscis black, reddish brown above. Thorax. Dorsum black with golden hairs; two pale lateral stripes are vaguely indicated. Pleura black with grayish pol- len; hairs of pleura grayish white. Halteres yellow. Legs black ; base of middle tibiae and most of middle and hind meta- tarsi yellowish. The wing pattern is similar to that of C. faci- alis but the first basal cell is infuscated more nearly to the end ; the crossband includes all of the fifth posterior cell and spreads into the anal area. The apical spot is comparatively wide and extends into the apex of the second submarginal cell. The hyaline triangle extends beyond the second longitudinal vein but does not quite separate the apical spot from the crossband. Abdomen. Dorsum of abdomen dull yellow. First tergite with a wide quadrate black spot which reaches the hind margin and reduces the yellow to a narrow lateral band on each side; second tergite with a large black emarginate spot which is narrower apically and which does not reach the posterior mar- gin of the segment; a small black dot lies laterad on each side of the large spot ; third tergite with four black spots with their bases united along the anterior margin of the segment ; fourth and fifth segments each with four similar black spots which are entirely separated from each other; sixth and seventh seg- ments mostly black. Segments two to seven inclusive have yellow hind margins. Venter with median and lateral rows of black spots which increase in size until on the fifth and fol- lowing segments they unite to form a black band along the base of the segment. Type data. Holotype female, Juan Manuel (near El Salto), Durango, Mexico, May 29, 1937 (Milton Embury). Alt. 9,300 ft. Paratypes, ten females, same data as holotype; one female, same locality as holotype, June 3, 1937 (A. Mead) ; one female, Hidalgo, Mexico, June 1, 1937 (A. Mead). Holotype and two paratypes in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences, three paratypes in the collection of the writer, two paratypes each in the collections of Dr. C. B. Philip, Mr. T. H. 244 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vo1- XXXIV G. Aitken, and Mr. Mont A. Cazier, one paratype in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. Variations. In several specimens the inner sides of the palpi and the proboscis are reddish brown ; in others the apex of the fifth posterior cell is paler than the rest of the cell. In some specimens the round black spots on the second tergite are larger than in the type and in others they are completely absent. In several specimens the black spots on the third, fourth, and fifth segments are coalesced so as to form more or less regular bands across the bases of the seg- ments. The length in the series varies from 4.8 to 5.7 mm. with an average of 5.5 mm. Comparative Notes. C. mutata resembles C. facialis in many respects; the general wing pattern and shape of antennae is the same, and the arrangement of the black spots and the presence of a pollinose stripe on the frontoclypeus show a definite relationship to C. facialis. C. mutata differs from C. facialis in the generally smaller size, grayish pleural pile, greater extent of infuscation in the first basal and fifth posterior cells, the predominately black legs, and the greater extent of black on the abdomen. Note on Injury to Gypsophilia Paniculata by the Jerusalem Cricket, Stenopelmatus Fuscus Hald. (Tetti- goniidae — Orthoptera) . By J. J. du Bois The author has chanced to make some interesting observations both in regard to the food habits and to economic damage inflicted by Stenopelmatus fuscus Hald. on Gypsophilia paniculata flora plena at Turlock, California, where that plant is a valuable commercial crop. The area observed was a planting of about ten acres of varying years of growth and was observed over a period of three years. The approximate damage sustained was ten to twenty-five per cent kill on young plants, but it was not so heavy on the older stock, as they did not kill the plants but simply destroyed some shoots. The insects come to the surface at night and early morning and follow the shoot down to the graft eating all or else one half or more of the stem, leaving just a shell on one side. They often eat a little of the root. Most of the damage is done in the early spring when the weather has turned warm and the plants are making a good growth. New land that has had lots of weeds and trash on it for years seems to be the source of the worst infestation. Bee., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 245 A SYNOPSIS OF THE ODYNERUS BOSCH GROUP IN NORTH AMERICA (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE). By Richard M. Bohart, University of California, Los Angeles. The species of Odynerus related to boscii Lepeletier can be dis- tinguished from those of other North American groups of the sub- genus Rygchium by the following combination of characters : Lateral angles of propodeum sharp and dentiform; dorsal surface of first abdominal tergite with at least a few scattered punctures medially; second tergite well punctured throughout and usually reflexed apically; male middle femur without a basal depression; last segment of male antenna nearly conical, slightly curved, not conspicuously flattened ; depression on vertex of female not extending beyond lateral ocelli. The boscii group appears to be most closely related to the rugosus group, and exoglyphus is possibly an annectant form as indicated under the discussion of that species. On the other hand there is some affinity shown towards the annulatus group and a nice paral- lelism exists in color variation between the races of annulatus Say and boscii. This has resulted in a confusion of the two species in many collections. Several related species occur in Europe. Of these, O. dantici (Rossi) closely resembles boscii auranus. Part of the material used in this study was borrowed from the California Academy of Sciences, the U. S. National Museum, the University of Kansas, Washington State College, Pomona College, J. Bequaert, P. H. Timberlake, E. G. Linsley, and C. D. Michener. I am particularly grateful to Dr. Bequaert for his valuable advice and loan of material from his extensive collection. Key to the Odynerus Boscii Group in North America. 1. Hair on horizontal portion of first tergite, as seen in profile, longer than median ocellus ; apex of male clypeus semi- circularly incised; body black marked with yellow or whitish 2 Hair on horizontal portion of first tergite shorter than median ocellus ; apex of male clypeus not semicircularly incised 3 2. Black marked with yellow exoglyphus Black marked with whitish exoglyphus albovittatus 3. Inferior ridge of propodeum below the lateral angle crenulate; first tergite uniformly punctured all over; male clypeus about one and a half times as broad as long, apex usually almost straight except for small lateral teeth; subapical 246 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society v°l- XXXIV tooth of male mandible much larger and higher than the middle tooth fusus Inferior ridge of propodeum below lateral angle not crenulate; male clypeus almost as long as broad, apex usually evenly concave; subapical tooth of male mandible only slightly higher and larger than the middle tooth 4 4. Body markings black, reddish, and yellow ; or if black and yellow, sixth tergite black. Dorsal surface of first tergite smooth and impunctate except for lateral areas of coarse punc- tures and a few scattered punctures medially boscii boscii Body markings almost entirely yellow ; black, whitish, and red- dish; or black and yellow with the sixth tergite marked with yellow 5 5. Body largely black and yellow, sixth tergite marked with yellow in both sexes; apex of second tergite with a varying amount of reflex boscii auranus Body markings not mainly black and yellow 6 6. Body largely yellow with small amounts of reddish; apex of second tergite usually strongly reflexed . . boscii azotopus Body black, whitish, and red ; legs red boscii albivestis Odynerus fusus Cresson Odynerus fusus Cresson, 1872. Tr. Amer. Ent. Soc., 4:238. Odynerus fuscus Dalla Torre, 1894. Catal. Hymenop- terorum, 9 : 70. The range of fusus over Mexico and the southern and eastern parts of United States appears to be much the same as that of boscii and the two species are very closely allied. The clypeal and man- dibular differences in the male should be sufficient to separate the two. The puncturation of the first abdominal tergite and crenula- tion of the propodeal angles are not characters of sterling specific worth but they form a convenient means of determination particu- larly if only a female is at hand. O. fusus varies markedly in coloration from the predominantly black and yellow northern type to the more reddish and yellow southern type. This variation seems hardly constant enough to warrant the setting up of subspecies. The following is a brief redescription of the species as treated in this paper. Black and yellow, marked with reddish in varying degrees, sometimes almost entirely reddish ; wings smoky, violaceous. Pubescence obscure, pale and hardly two ocellus lengths on the front. Puncturation moderate to coarse and covering entire Bee., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 247 body except front face of pronotum and hind face of pro- podeum which is irregularly and often weakly striate. Mandible of male five-toothed, subapical tooth much larger and protruding much farther than middle tooth; apex of clypeus in male nearly straight or slightly convex between lateral teeth, male clypeus about one and a half times as broad as long ; last antennal segment of male curved but not flattened, reaching beyond the base of tenth; inter-ocellar area slightly swollen ; pronotal carina strong, lateral angles sharp ; pro- podeum with its dorso-lateral face bearing very large punc- tures, terminating in dentiform angles laterally and near post- scutellum and crenulate between lateral angles and insertion of abdomen, hind face concave ; male middle femur normal ; apex of second abdominal tergite impunctured and often reflexed; length to apex of second tergite, male, 11-13 mm., female, 1 1-14 mm. Records. Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, Illinois, Missis- sippi, Oklahoma, Georgia, Florida, and Texas; Cuernavaca and Guadalajara, Mexico. Odynerus boscii Lepeletier Odynerus boscii Lepeletier, 1841. Hist. Insect. Hymen., 2 : 637. Odynerus castigatus Saussure, 1852. Etud. Fam. Vespid., 1 : 178. Although it is not a common species, boscii occurs from Massa- chusetts to Coahuila, Mexico. It varies in coloration much as does fusus from which it is separated mainly by the different shape of the clypeus in the male. The typical form varies from black and yellow to black, reddish and yellow but only the three western races have sufficiently distinct markings to warrant subspecific names. The following is a short redescription of the typical form as defined in this paper. Black, marked with yellowish and usually with reddish, sometimes mostly reddish and yellow; wings smoky and vio- laceous or reddish. Pubescence pale and short. Punctura- tion moderate to coarse and covering entire body except front face of pronotum, hind face of propodeum, and dorsum of first abdominal tergite which is sparsely punctured only. Mandible of male five-toothed, subapical tooth not much larger or higher than middle tooth ; apex of male clypeus evenly con- cave, the clypeus almost as long as broad; last antennal seg- ment of male curved but not flattened, reaching to base of tenth ; inter-ocellar area slightly swollen ; pronotal carina 248 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV strong, lateral angles sharp ; propodeum with its dorso-lateral face bearing very large punctures, terminating in one or more dentiform angles laterally and near postcutellum but not cren- ulate between lateral angles and insertion of abdomen, hind face concave; male middle femur normal; apex of second abdominal tergite impunctured and often reflexed; length to apex of second tergite, male, 11-13 mm., female, 11-14 mm. Records. Massachusetts : Stony Brook. Michigan : Muskegon and Ogemaw Co., New Jersey: Ramsey and Newfoundland. Texas: Austin. Mexico: One male, Torreon, Coahuila, June 17, 1937 (A. R. Mead). Odynerus boscii azotopus Bohart, n. subsp. This subspecies resembles the more yellow specimens of annu- latus oslari Cameron which occurs over the same region. The puncturation of the first abdominal tergite varies from nearly smooth to strongly punctured in a series from a single locality. Also, the clypeus is unusually variable in shape. Male. Yellow; antenna mostly, vertex and occiput mostly, mesonotum, legs partly, bases of first two abdominal tergites, light reddish ; antenna apically, ocellar area, margin of mesono- tum, black. First abdominal tergite strongly punctured throughout; apical margin of second tergite strongly reflexed flange-like; length to apex of second tergite 9.5 mm. Female. Coloration about as in male. Black in ocellar area restricted to margins around ocelli. Length to apex of second tergite 12 mm. Holotype male, five miles north of Indio, California, Apr. 10, on Prosopis juli flora (C. D. Michener) ; allotype female, Indio, Calif., Oct. 28, 1933 (P. H. Timberlake). Paratypes, Arizona: Two females, Phoenix; California, twenty males and nineteen females from the following localities : Furnace Creek, Inyo Co. ; Blythe, Yermo, and Barstow, San Bernardino Co. ; Coachella, Indio, and Palm Springs, Riverside Co.; San Felipe Creek and Calexico, Im- perial Co. Holotype and allotype in California Academy of Sciences, paratypes in collections of U. S. National Museum, J. Bequaert, P. H. Timberlake, E. G. Linsley, C. D. Michener, and the author. Odynerus boscii auranus Cameron Odynerus auranus Cameron, 1903. Invertebrata Pacifica, 1 : 148. This subspecies corresponds in color markings to annulatus sul- phureus which occurs with it. Occasional specimens have a trace Dec., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 249 of reddish on the vertex or mesonotum but not on the first ab- dominal tergite. The reflexing of the apex of the second tergite varies considerably. In general the specimens from the eastern side of the Sierras have a greater amount of black markings and a lesser amount of reflex. Records. Nevada: Ormsby Co. (Cameron type) ; Minden, July. Washington: Orondo, June. California: Lake City, Modoc Co.; Mammoth and Tioga Pass, Mono Co. ; Putah Canyon, Solano Co. ; Antioch, Contra Costa Co. ; Lone Pine and Independence, Inyo Co. ; Briceburg, Mariposa Co. ; Sequoia National Park, Tulare Co. ; Mt. San Jacinto, San Bernardino Co. Odynerus boscii albivestis Bohart, n. subsp. The black, white, and red aspect of this form makes it easily recognizable. A similarly colored phase of annulatus occurs with it. Male. Black; mandible mostly, clypeus, first antennal seg- ment in front, large inter-antennal spot, lower orbit, prothorax in front, small spot on tegula, spot below tegula, spot on lateral angle of propodeum, spot on middle coxa, apical bands on ter- gites one to five and sternites two and three, a lateral attached spot on second tergite, whitish; antenna mostly, post-ocular spot, tegula mostly, two spots on scutellum, legs almost entirely, reddish; apex of antenna, fifth to seventh abdominal tergites, brown. Clypeus longer than broad; apex of second tergite strongly reflexed; third tergite coarsely punctured; length to apex of second tergite 9 mm. Female. Markings as in male with following exceptions: Mandible red; clypeus red and black; first antennal segment, lower orbit, and inter-antennal spot, red ; pronotum white, red, and black ; last abdominal segment red ; venter black except for last sternite. Length to apex of second tergite 13 mm. Holotype male, Grand Coulee, Washington, July 10, 1902; allo- type female, Patterson Ferry, Umatilla Co., Oregon, June 18, 1936 (I. McCracken), on Hymenopoptus. Paratypes, Washington: One female, Grand Coulee, June 29, 1902; one female, Almota (R. W. Doane) ; one female, Hatton, July 23 (R. C. Shannon). Idaho: One female, Burley, July 6, 1931 (M. W. Sanderson). Oregon: One female, Arlington, July 15, 1931 (R. H. Beamer). Wyoming: One female, Granger, 6400 ft., August 5, 1934 (H. A. Scullen). Colorado: Two males, Mountain Home Lake, Fort Garland, 8300 ft., July 20-25, 1932. Holotype and allotype in California Academy of Sciences, paratypes in collections of Uni- versity of Kansas, J. Bequaert, and the author. 250 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV Odynerus exoglyphus Bohart, n. sp. Two other North American species of Rygchium with semi- circularly incised clypeus in the male are orasus Cameron and deli- catus Cresson which are closely related to annulatus. In these two species, however, both sexes have the clypeus incised, whereas in exoglyphus this character is found only in the male. 0. aldrichi Fox which is intermediate between Rygchium and Odynerus s.s. has the clypeus of the male incised but in addition has strikingly deformed mandibles. Both sexes of aldrichi have continuous whitish transverse bands across the scutellum and postscutellum. A further relationship with rugosus Saussure and leucomelas Saus- sure is indicated by the dark-colored last tarsal segment in the males of the three species although this is least pronounced in exoglyphus. Male. Black; mandible mostly, clypeus, first antennal seg- ment in front, inter-antennal spot, lower orbit, post-ocular spot, pronotum in front, tegula mostly, spot below tegula, line on postscutellum, lateral spot on propodeum, legs mostly, apical margins of all abdominal segments except the last, lateral attached spots on first two tergites, second sternite almost en- tirely, yellow ; inner surface of flagellum to the ninth segment, tarsi partly, fulvous to reddish; wings smoky, slightly vio- lescent. Pubescence short and moderately thick, that on front about one to two ocellus lengths, that on mesonotum and first abdominal tergite about one ocellus length, that on remainder of abdomen minute. Head and thorax closely but not coarsely punctured, the punctures separated by less than a puncture diameter; horizontal surface of first and base of second ab- dominal tergites evenly punctured, the punctures separated by about three puncture diameters; second and to a lesser extent the following tergites coarsely punctured apically. Mandible obscurely five-toothed ; clypeus with a semi-circular apical emargination ; last antennal segment finger-like, as long as fourth, apically blunt; front face of pronotum punctured sparsely laterally; pronotal angles sharp but rounded; pro- podeum laterally rough and dentiform, hind face finely striate ; middle femur without a baso-ventral depression ; aedeagus and volsellae slender ; length to apex of second tergite 9 mm. Female. Markings, pubescence, and puncturation about as in male with exceptions as follows : Mandibles mostly black ; clypeus with a median longitudinal stripe, two yellow spots on scutellum and on last abdominal tergite. Clypeus shallowly incised at apex; vertex with a small indistinct depression; length to apex of second tergite 1 1 mm. Dec., 193$ Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 251 Holotype, allotype, and eleven male paratypes, Indian Flat, Mari- posa Co., California, June 3, 1938 (R. M. Bohart). Other para- types, California: Davis Creek, Modoc Co.; Walker, Siskiyou Co.; Tuolumne Co. ; Briceburg and El Portal, Mariposa Co. ; Lone Pine, Inyo Co.; Kaweah, Tulare Co.; Putah Canyon, Solano Co.; Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa Co. ; Paraiso Springs and Bradley, Monterey Co.; Santa Lucia Mts., Monterey Co. (C. D. Michener, Hastings Nat. Hist. Survey) ; Coalinga, Fresno Co. ; four males, Tetley Park, San Bernardino Co., May 23, 1936, on Potentilla glandulosa (P. H. Timberlake). Other records: One male, Utah?; one fe- male, Moscow Mt., Idaho; one female, Blue Mts., Washington, June 27, 1922 (V. N. Argo). The months of flight are May and June. Holotype and allotype in the California Academy of Sciences, paratypes in the collections of U. S. National Museum, University of Kansas, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia, J. Bequaert, P. H. Timberlake, E. G. Linsley, C. D. Michener, and the author. Odynerus exoglyphus albovittatus Bohart, n. subsp. This subspecies represents the white-marked Great Basin and Rocky Mountain race of exoglyphus. There does not seem to be any constant structural difference between the two races and occa- sional examples of exoglyphus show an approach in color to albo- vittatus. Male. Black, marked as in exoglyphus but with whitish in- stead of yellow; last two abdominal segments black. Length to apex of second tergite 8 mm. Female. Last abdominal segment and venter black except for disconnected stripe on second sternite; spot on second ter- gite isolated. Length to apex of second tergite 10 mm. Holotype male, Mary’s River, Elko Co., Nevada, 3000 ft. July 8, 3:935 (P- H. Baldwin) ; allotype female, near San Jacinto, Elko Co., Nevada, 5900 ft., July 10, 1935 (P. H. Baldwin). Paratypes, Nevada : One male and four females, Elko Co., July, P. H. Bald- win). Wyoming: One male, Bridger Basin (S. Garman) ; one female, Yellowstone National Park, July 27, 1923 (A. L. Me- lander) ; one male and five females, Jennie Lake, July, 1935 (J. McSwain). Washington: Two males and six females, Toppenish, June to August (A. L. Melander and V. Argo). Oregon: Two males and one female, Harney Co., July; eight females, Alkali Lake, Lake Co., June 18, 1934 (S. C. Jones and J. Schuh). Holo- type and allotype in California Academy of Sciences, paratypes in collections of U. S. National Museum, J. Bequaert, P. H. Timber- lake, and the author. 252 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society v°l. XXXIV NOTES ON BUTTERFLY MIGRATION. II. By Harold I. O’Byrne, Urbana, Illinois. Williams (1938) has reviewed the recent data on North Ameri- can migrant butterflies, calling attention to the many gaps that still exist in our knowledge. The following notes on migratory butter- flies I have accumulated since the publication of my preceding paper (O’Bryne, 1932) are presented in the hope of making further progress toward filling up these gaps — a task that can be completed only after the accumulation of many more records bear- ing on this subject. Danaus plexippus Linn. A flight of Danaus plexippus observed by me in St. Louis, and the adjoining portion of St. Louis County, Missouri, on April 25, 1:935, is of interest since it suggests that spring flights of this species may occur frequently without being noticed because the butterflies are so far apart. On this occasion the butterflies were flying north- ward, and were seen more or less continuously during the day be- tween the hours of 10 A.M. and 6 P.M. They flew for the most part at heights of less than four feet from the ground, rising higher only when necessary to pass objects which they could not fly around, although they seemed to prefer to fly around buildings and other high obstacles. They were therefore frequently diverted from their northward course, but invariably turned to the north again at the first opportunity. The direction of the flight had no relation to the direction of the wind, since there was no perceptible wind that day until the middle of the afternoon, when a strong breeze began to blow from the northwest without causing the butterflies to change their course. All the individuals that passed close enough to per- mit recognition of the sex were females. Williams (1930, 1938) cites ten records of migratory flights of this species in Missouri ; six of them were southward in the fall, while the direction of the other four was not recorded. Because the northward movement in the spring seems to consist of indi- viduals flying independently, in marked contrast to the large aggre- gations that cause the southward autumn flights to be so con- spicuous, observers of this species in the spring are urged to note the direction of flight of each individual in the hope of determining the frequency and extent of the migrations at this season. Phyciodes picta Edw. The range of Phyciodes picta does not extend into Missouri. Dec., 193d Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 253 The only records known to me of its occurrence in that state refer to two specimens taken at Ranken, St. Louis County, on September 19 and October 10, 1937, by Dr. E. P. Meiners of St. Louis, who has kindly given me these data. The occasional occurrence of a species of butterfly far beyond its usual range might be caused by accidental flights of individual butterflies for unusually long dis- tances, or by a temporary extension of the range of the species during a season of unusual abundance, breeding sometimes taking place in the newly occupied territory. Which one of these possi- bilities was operative in the present instance can not be determined without information as to the presence or absence of P. picta in western Missouri and the adjoining states to the west and south- west, during the same autumn. Ascia monuste Linn. Migrations of Ascia monuste in Florida have been described by numerous observers, whose records are reviewed by Williams (loc. cit.). A flight of this species was observed on June 13, 1936, near St. Augustine, Florida, by my wife and her sister, Miss Dorothy Schregardus. They reported huge numbers of white butterflies flying northward, and captured a specimen which I identified after- wards as a male of A. monuste. The flight occurred on a windy day with the wind coming strongly from the east, and the butterflies seemed to keep on the leeward side of the dunes that parallel the seashore. Most of the butterflies were at heights between three and fifteen feet from the ground. The locality and direction of this flight conform to the theory of Fernald (1937) that the migrations of this species are toward the east from somewhere west of New Smyrna, dividing at the seashore to follow the east coast northward and southward. Phoebis eubule Linn. Southward migrations of Phoebis eubule occur in Missouri every autumn, the density of the migrating populations varying con- siderably from year to year. In 1938 I noticed the movement 011 nearly every day from August 25 to September 3 at Webster Groves, Missouri, although the flight was evidently in progress before and after this period. No butterflies were seen on a few cloudy and rainy days; but on bright days during the usual hours of butterfly activity, there was hardly a minute when one or more could not be seen flying a little to the east of a due southerly direc- tion. Many stopped momentarily at flowers to feed, but quickly resumed their flight to the south. At Urbana, Illinois, no migrating butterflies of this species were 254 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society v°l. XXXIV seen in 1938 up to the time of my departure from there on August 12, nor after my return on September 4 through the remainder of September and October, although the flights usually continue during this period in Missouri (O’Byrne, 1933; Brower, 1930). In view of the large number of migrants seen near the eastern boundary of Missouri, the absence of a similar movement in eastern Illinois at nearly the same time indicates that the area or lane in which migra- tion occurs has its eastern edge somewhere in the state of Illinois, or at the Mississippi river. No migrations in Illinois are included in the table in which Williams (1938, fig. 6, p. 229) has summarized all the recorded flights of this species. Of the instances mentioned above, the true migratory nature of the annual flights of Danaus plexippus, in which the same indi- viduals make a return flight, has been fairly well established. The specimens of Phyciodes picta captured in eastern Missouri, in the absence of observations of flights in progress, are probably best re- garded as individual strays outside the usual range of the species. The frequent movements of Ascia monuste in Florida and Phoebis eubule in the Mississippi valley are properly described as emigra- tions, since there is no evidence that any of the butterflies that take part in these flights, nor their offspring, ever return to the regions where the flights originate. Williams (1938), however, gives evi- dence for a northward spring flight of Phoebis eubule in Alabama and Georgia, though such movements have not been reported in other areas. But attempts to classify migrations can be only ten- tative until adequate information is available on the place and man- ner of hibernation, condition of gonads at the time of migration, climatic and weather conditions at the start of the flight, and what happens at the end of the flight. References. Brower, A. E. 1930. A list of the butterflies of the Ozark region of Missouri. Ent. News 41 : 286-289. Fernald, H. T. 1937. An unusual type of butterfly migration. Florida Entomologist 19: 55-67. O’Byrne, Harold 1932. Notes on butterfly migration. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 27: 185-188. Ibid. 1933. A migratory flight of Catopsilia eubule. Psyche 40: 131-136. Williams, C. B. 1930. The migration of butterflies. Edin- burgh, 473 pp. Ibid. 1938. Recent progress in the study of some North Ameri- can migrant butterflies. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 31 : 211- 239- Dec., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 255 DESCRIPTION OF AN INSECT CONTAINER FOR A TRAPLIGHT. By Chas. H. Martin, Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster, Ohio. While operating a series of traplights for the Tomato Fruit Worm ( Heliothis obsoleta Fabr.) Project of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station at Marietta, Ohio, the writer had the experi- ence of sometimes capturing nearly 3 pounds of insects at some of the traps1 in one night. Most of these insects were the caddis fly Potomyia flava Hagen.2 Of course, ordinary 2-quart jars were not adequate for such captures. Also, when any quantity of insects was trapped in the cyanide jars there was a very poor kill and speci- mens were battered so that they could not be identified. De Gryse3 used a water-pail container instead of a cyanide jar. However, this type is complex to make and specimens are apt to become wet in it. At Marietta the cyanide jars were replaced by 50-pound lard cans charged with carbon bisulfide. The can was equipped as follows: A chute for connecting it with the trap hopper was made from a cylinder of tin 2J inches in diameter and about 8 inches long. This was fitted into a hole in the center of the lard can lid which was made by cutting a circular area the diameter of the chute into tri- angular segments and bending them upward at right angles to the lid surface (A, fig. 1). The cylinder was pushed upward through the hole thus made so that it projected \ inch above the lid surface (B, fig. 1). The triangular segments of the lid were secured to the cylinder by means of nail holes punched through the two metal surfaces. Finally, to prevent the cylinder from slipping, a piece of baling wire (C, fig. 1) was inserted through opposite holes and the ends bent against the cylinder. Thus, a collar was formed which projected upward into the flange (D, fig. 1) of the trap hop- per. The lower portion of the cylinder projecting into the can was bent so that the insects fell into the container through an elbowed 1 At mercury vapor H-4 and S-4 lamps furnished by L. C. Porter of the General Electric Company, Cleveland, Ohio. 2 Determined by H. H. Ross, Illinois State Natural History Sur- vey. 3 De Gryse, J. J. 1934. Note on a new light trap. Sixty- fourth annual report of the Entomological Society of Ontario. 55-57- Mus. 256 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV chute. This was done to prevent them from flying back out of the can to the light, as they sometimes did from cyanide jars. The elbow was made by cutting two parallel slits (E, fig. i) % inch apart on opposite sides of the cylinder, and about 2 inches was trimmed off the ends of the resulting narrow strips. The edges of the larger strips (F & G, fig. 1) were notched so that these sections could be bent parallel in a curve until the lower one extended across and beyond the mouth of the cylinder. A waterspout elbow might be used as a chute. A piece of ^-inch mesh hardware cloth (I, fig. 1) was placed on baling wire supports (H, fig. 1) about halfway between the top and bottom of the can. This separated the larger insects from the smaller ones, which fell through the wire to the bottom of the can, and prevented the former from battering the latter. Crumpled newspaper was placed beneath the hardware cloth to absorb the moisture which might condense in the can and damage the insects on the bottom. The carbon bisulfide was contained in a small tin can (J, fig. 1) which was wired to the side of the lard can, near the lid. This position ensured a high concentration of gas near the top as well as at the bottom of the lard can. Fig. 1. The details of an insect container for a traplight. Bee., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 257 The apparatus was charged each evening by pouring about ioo cc. of carbon bisulfide over a loose wad of cotton in the small tin can. A loosely fitting lid with four holes punched in it was put on the carbon bisulfide can to ensure a slow escape of gas. The container was set under the trap on a platform nailed to the light pole at the proper distance from the ground. This type of a killing vessel was cheaply made and simple to operate. All the specimens caught in it could be identified and many perfect ones were obtained. The placing of crumpled news- paper on the bottom of the can is necessary to ensure good results. A NEW LOXANDRUS (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) FROM CINCINNATI OHIO. By Joseph F. Wright, Cincinnati, Ohio. v ^ Loxandrus duryi sp. nov. Above black, strongly shining ; elytra also strongly iridescent and with a medium sized rounded, sutural, rufous spot near the apex varying in extent over the posterior fourth to the posterior third of the elytra; thorax slightly rufescent along the middle one third of the basal margin ; labrum and mandibles dark red- dish brown; antennae dark brown, the tips of the joints more fuscous with the three basal joints being paler. Body beneath piceous, the coxae dark reddish brown, the legs pale brown throughout. Generally moderately convex, elongate and nar- row. Head two thirds as wide as the thorax, not elongate, eyes very prominent. Thorax one third wider than long (2), one fourth wider than long (l(J), the sides regularly but moderately curved from base to apex, with the lateral margins narrowly reflexed and somewhat translucent basally; thorax as wide in front as behind, the front angles slightly rounded, the hind ones obtuse; apex not sinuate, the base finely margined on its lateral thirds; median line punctate, obsolete on basal fourth; pronotal foveae deep, narrow, attaining the base and sparsely but distinctly punctate, the punctures extending medially and laterally from the base of the foveae. Elytra one third wider than thorax, the humeral angles rounded, more so in the 2; almost parallel, very gradually and evenly rounded to the apical third, then more acutely graduated to apex. Striae heavily impressed (2), moderately so (J1), the seventh obsolete basally; intervals moderately convex. Length 7.2 mm and 2 7.5 mm ; width, 2.9 mm and 2 2.9 mm- 258 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol‘ XXXIY Named in honor of Ralph Dury, naturalist son of the late Charles Dury and described from a series of 43 specimens all taken near Goshen, Ohio, in Clermont County. Ten specimens (4 6 J) were sent to the United States National Museum and four (2 J', 2 J) specimens have been deposited in the Dury collection at the Cincinnati Museum of Natural History. Holotype male and female are in my collection. The species closely resembles L. vulneratus Casey but is easily distinguished from that species by the coarser punctures in the elytral striae, deeper and punctured pronotal foveae, and also by the presence of punctures in the region of the pronotal foveae (foveal and near-foveal punctures are absent in vulneratus Casey) ; the elytra are much more strongly iridescent and the species in gen- eral is larger than vulneratus Casey. The average length and width of the 43 specimens was 7.2 mm and 2.8 mm respectively. The extreme length and width of the 43 specimens was 8.0 mm and 6.5 mm (lengths), 3.0 mm and 2.4 mm (widths). The specimens were collected under the half dried up algae of a spring pond; which, having dried up, left the algae as a thick mat over the rich dirt bottom. Underneath this mat the ground was still very damp and the specimens were taken in abundance. . The pond was situated at the edge of a mesophytic forest on the high tableland of Clermont County, Ohio. Centris in Colorado. — Centris is a genus of large and handsome bees, with very many species in the Neotropical Region. Several species occur near the southwestern border of the United States, from Texas to Southern California. I should have been prepared to assert that the genus did not occur in Colorado; but recently I have examined a male Centris caesalpiniae Ckll., taken by H. Rodeck and M. James, south of Lamport, Colorado, Aug. 2, 1933. — T. D. A. Cockerell, Boulder, Colo. Abedus (Hemiptera — Belostomatidae) Eaten by Raccoon. — At the Circle Z Ranch, near Patagonia, Arizona, on October 1, my son Richard de la Torre-Bueno observed a tame raccoon ( Pro - cyon lotor) catching and eating various insects. It also fished in streamlet and there it caught and ate an egg-laden male Abedus. — J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, Tucson, Ariz. Bee., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 259 BRENTHIS APHIRAPE (HUEBNER) IN NORTH AMERICA, WITH A NEW RECORD OF THE SPECIES FROM MAINE (LEPIDOPTERA, NYMPHALIDAE). By Alexander B. Klots, College of the City of New York, New York, N. Y. On July 7, 1937, a worn specimen of Brenthis aphirape was taken by Mr. L. P. Grey on the “tableland” of Mt. Katahdin, Maine. The specimen was acquired by Mr. Cyril dos Passos, who asked my opinion of it. Since one specimen was obviously insufficient for any taxonomic conclusions, we determined to try to get more. It was my opinion that if aphirape were really established in the vicin- ity of Katahdin, it would be found in a high, cold, acid-bog habitat. The topographic map shows the presence of a large bog called the “Klondike” at 2800-2900 ft. elevation just to the northwest of the main mountain mass ; and we determined to try here. On June 28, 1928, Mr. dos Passos, Dr. J. J. Copeland (botanist at the College of the City of New York) and I began attempting to reach the Klondike. There are no trails; and the country is very rough and heavily timbered. Fortunately we hit the best route on the first try. This is to follow a landslide up the west side of Mt. Coe (sp?) from the Sourdnahunk Tote Road. Mt. Coe lies just west of the Klondike, and is not shown on the topographic map for the area (Katahdin quad.) ; it is the most western of the high points in the ridge that bounds the Klondike on the Northwest, West and South. I11 this ridge Mt. Coe lies between South Brother (alt. about 3800 ft.) and Barren Mt. (3681 ft.). After climbing to its summit, we descended the east side of Mt. Coe into the Klondike. By this time the weather was cloudy, so that no butterflies were seen; but a good series of Cramhus labra- doriensis Christoph ( Pyralididae ) was taken. On the next day (June 29) we returned, making better time over the now-known route, and favored with better weather. In accordance with our hopes we found the Brenthis present in considerable numbers, and took a series of 53 specimens in all. The majority of these were somewhat worn. The Klondike. The Klondike occupies a basin approximately i^x 1 miles in ex- tent. A number of streams empty into it much of the water from the western part of the Katahdin massif. These converge to form a single stream, of which the outlet from the basin is to the North- 260 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV east. The floor of the basin is comparatively flat, so that the flow of this meandering stream is comparatively sluggish. The vegetation of most of the basin-floor is of typical acid-bog type. Most of the area is covered by a thick growth of Picea mari- ana (black spruce) through which it is often very difficult to force one’s way. Along the stream are a few small areas of sphagnum-heath- meadow, of which the largest that we were able to investigate was no more than 200 yards in diameter. It is in these meadows that the Brent his occur ; and it is a reasonable assumption that it is here they are breeding. The meadows are covered with a very thick growth of Sphag- num, in and up through which a considerable variety of acid-tol- erant plants is growing. Most noticeable is the fact that the Black Spruce-Larch forest1 is encroaching upon the meadow areas at a very considerable rate. Everywhere in the meadows one sees what appear to be spruce seedlings a few inches high ; but close examina- tion shows these to be the tops of small trees sometimes as much as 3 feet high that are mostly buried in the Sphagnum. The zone around the edges of the meadows shows a thick growth of spruce and larch gradually increasing in height to the forest proper. The meadows probably originated as beaver ponds. We were unable to verify this through lack of time, although I thought that I could trace the outline of an old beaver dam at the lower end of one meadow. But the beaver have been mostly trapped off, and it is a question whether they will reestablish themselves in the Klon- dike to any great extent anyway, because of the comparative lack of deciduous-tree food. We saw a couple of beaver cuttings sev- eral years old, but no fresh sign. I have no doubt that unless some such extraneous force inter- venes, the Black Spruce will continue encroaching upon the meadow areas and will, in another generation or so, largely obliterate them. 1 Coniferous forest in general represents the climax ; but this should not be applied to Black Spruce forest in particular. This tree apparently cannot stand competition with Red Spruce ( Picea rubra), White Spruce (P. glauca) and Fir ( Abies balsamea) in normal environments; but, being more acid-tolerant, can exist suc- cessfully in pure stands in such bog areas as the Klondike. Black Spruce forest is, therefore, to be regarded as either subclimax or as a penultimate sere of extremely long duration. Erosion, or the accumulation of a thick top layer of non-acid soil, may in time change conditions in the Klondike so that the Black Spruce will be replaced by the true climax coniferous forest. Dec., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 261 This will almost certainly result in the extermination of the Brenthis in these areas. We do not know what is the food-plant of the Brenthis here; it may be Violet, or Willow, or something yet again. We saw neither of these plants in the meadow areas. A few characteristic plants of the meadow areas are :2 Sphagnum sp. — abundant. Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench. — Leatherleaf — abun- dant. Ledum groenlandicum Oeder. — Labrador Tea — abundant; flowering. Vaccinium oxycoccos L. — Small Cranberry — very common. Kalmia poll folia Wang. — Pale Laurel — common. Andromeda glaucophylla Link. — Bog Rosemary — very com- mon. Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf. — Bog Solomon's Seal — common. Drosera rotundifolia L. Round-leaved Sundew — rare. Sarracenia purpurea L. Pitcher Plant — rare. Carex panicea Linn. Sedge — abundant. Carex pauciflora Lightf. Sedge — abundant. Cetraria islandica (Linn.). Ac. Iceland “Moss” — uncommon- Cladonia rangiferina (Linn.). Web. Reindeer “Moss” — common. The Races of B. aphirape in North America Obviously the point of major taxonomic interest regarding these Katahdin Brenthis concerns their realtionship to the other aphirape populations in North America. However, the situation is compli- cated by the fact that we really understand very little at present about most of these. Accordingly I here present a short synopsis of the species in North America as a whole, as a base for compari- son with the Katahdin material. Three “races” are recognized at present : (a) triclaris (Huebner) — type locality Labrador. (b) dawsoni Barnes & McDunnough — type locality Hymers, Ont. (b-i) ? nichollae Barnes & Benjamin — type locality “Rocky Mountains” (of Canada?) (c) caelestis (Hemming) ( alticola Barnes & McDunnough) — type locality Hall Valley, Colo. (a). Triclaris represents the truly Arctic population of the spe- cies. On the basis of 88 specimens which I have available for crit- ical study (American Museum of Natural History, dos Passos and 2 1 am indebted to Dr. Copeland for determination of most of the plants. 262 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vo l- XXXIV Klots collections) I would apply this name to the aphirape popula- tions of Labrador, Churchill, Manitoba and Alaska; and probably also extreme northern Alberta and British Columbia (Atlin). I do not at present think that the application of any additional race names in the Arctic population is warranted. The Churchill speci- mens show considerably more similarity to dawsoni (see below) than do any of the others ; but inasmuch as it is in Central Canada that we would most expect to find a continuous and gradual merg- ing of the northern and southern populations, this does not seem surprising. Triclaris may be briefly characterized, mainly with respect to dawsoni, as follows: Upperside. The ground-color averages a lighter yellow- brown than in dawsoni. The marginal lunules tend to be filled in less with fuscous clouding; the same is true of all the light areas. The dark markings are narrower and more clear-cut. Fore-wings, underside. The space in cells R5 and Mi, be- tween the irregular, dark median line and the row of submar- ginal spots, tends to be a lighter yellowish than the general ground color basad of the dark transverse mark that bisects it, as well as distad of this mark. Hind-wings, underside. The dark basal area and bands are an orange-brown, definitely lighter than the reddish-brown of dawsoni. The basal and submedian light spots and the mar- ginal lunules are yellowish, less silvered than in dawsoni. The marginal lunules average a trifle larger than in dawsoni.. (b). dawsoni. In my estimation dawsoni represents the south- central Canadian race, not merely the southern one. I have been able to study far too few specimens of it ; these are : i paratype, Hymers, Ont. ; 6 specimens, Sand Ridge, Manitoba ; 2 specimens, Riding Mountains, Manitoba. In addition two paratypes are fig- ured in Holland’s Butterfly Book; and I have seen a considerable number of specimens in the Canadian National Collection and the U. S. National Museum but have not studied these critically in preparation of this paper. As so delimited ( i.e ., from central Manitoba eastward, and not as far north as Churchill, Man., or Labrador) dawsoni is a well- marked race. Its chief characteristics have been sufficiently sum- marized above, by comparison with triclaris; however, see below. (b-i). nichollae?. In the northern regions there now remain for consideration the aphirape from the Canadian Rocky Mountain regions of southern and central Alberta and British Columbia. Of these I have critically studied 26 specimens. There is a great deal of individual variation among these, but on the whole they appear Dec., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 263 to segregate as a group intermediate between triclaris and dawsoni . They may be characterized as follows : U pper side. The ground-color is a lighter brown than in dawsoni, but is often more “washed-out” and not as bright as in triclaris. The dark markings are narrower and more clear- cut than in dawsoni. Some specimens show as much fuscous clouding as in dawsoni. Underside. On the fore-wings some specimens strongly resemble triclaris, others dawsoni • On the hind-wings the dark basal areas and transverse bands are of a dark, rather reddish brown, more like dawsoni than triclaris; the light basal spots and the submedian row of spots tend to be more silvery than in triclaris. Evidently the specimens represent something of an intermediate condition between triclaris and dawsoni; but in this they do not agree with the Churchill specimens mentioned above which are also intermediate but differently. Whether or not this Canadian Rocky Mountain form is worthy of recognition as a distinct, named race is a matter of opinion, and probably always will be. At present I prefer to await the study of further material. It is also a moot question whether or no the name nichollae Barnes and Benjamin should properly be applied here. The name was unfortunately based on a small series of specimens from the Oberthiir collection bearing no other data than “Rocky Mountains,” which is much too vague ; and the characteristics cited for it by the authors do not apply well to the general population under discussion. The Katahdin aphirape. A total of 53 specimens was taken in the Klondike; with the first (I937) specimen taken on the Tableland and two others taken there (30 June, 1938) by Mr. dos Passos and myself there are 56 specimens of the Katahdin Brenthis available for study. Unfortu- nately a considerable percentage of these is somewhat worn and therefore not entirely satisfactory material for critical study. How- ever, the series as a whole may be characterized as follows: Size. — averages definitely smaller (length of fore-wing about 2 mm. less) than either triclaris or dawsoni. Upperside. — The general ground-color above, while dark, does not average as rich an orange-brown as in dawsoni. The black markings and fuscous cloudings are heavy, as in daw- soni; but a great many of the specimens tend to show irregular enlargements and fusions of these marks, i.e., there is an ab- normal percentage of abnormality in this respect. 264 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV Underside — The markings and coloration of the fore-wings resemble those of dawsoni. The silvering of the basal and submedian row of light spots of the hind-wing is pronounced as in dawsoni. The dark basal area and transverse bands are reddish-brown as in dawsoni. The postmedian yellowish band (just basad of the row of round spots) averages slightly lighter in tone, and is margined basally by a much more definite, narrow, diffuse shade of black scaling than in dawsoni. There seems to be a larger per- centage of black scales mixed in with those of all other colors, so that the pattern is more diffuse looking, and the general tone dirtier. On the whole the Katahdin specimens resemble dawsoni much more strongly than they do any other aphirape races ; but in series they show definite differences from dawsoni, appearing in general smaller, darker, dirtier and somewhat more aberrational. On the basis of the material at present available for study I do not feel justified in applying a name; but I hope to obtain more specimens of the Kathadin Brenthis and of dawsoni, which may warrant a reconsideration of the situation. A Word of Warning. It is probable that other collectors will wish to visit the Klondike and obtain specimens there. I have accordingly given directions for reaching it by the easiest route; although with the admonish- ment that what with rock slides, blown-down timber and black-flies the trip is a fairly hard and miserable one at best. May I enter a plea to any such collectors to exercise discretion as to the number of specimens that they collect. The total meadow area available for aphirape is very small, and is becoming smaller. We really felt a bit guilty at having taken as many as fifty-three specimens. As far as I know this colony of aphirape is the only representation of the species in the eastern United States; and it might well be exterminated by too much selfish collecting. It would be wise, therefore, for collectors to examine all specimens carefully before killing them, and to liberate unharmed all males that are not in really fine and fresh condition. The number of females retained should be kept to a minimum ; and if the collector’s conscience will stand the strain he should liberate all unworn females so that these may have opportunity to lay their eggs. Dec., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 265 A NOTE ON MANTISPIDAE. H. B. Hungerford, Lawrence, Kansas. On October 8, 1938, Mr. Charles Shepard, one of my students, collected a spider at Hole-in-the-Rock, near Lawrence, Kansas. The spider was placed in- 95% alcohol and upon later examination proved to be carrying some ten or fifteen first stage Mantispid larvae on the pedicel of the abdomen. Dr. W. J. Gertsch of the American Museum of Natural History has identified the spider as a female of Arctosa lift oralis (Hentz), a species which he says “is common throughout the United States and is most usually found on beaches or banks of lakes and streams, ordinarily quite near water.” It has been only within the past five years that we have had any information on the biology of any North American Mantispid. Dr. R. C. Smith (1934) recorded the emergence of Mantispa interrupta from the egg sac of the jumping spider Philaeus militaris and gave some notes on the eggs and young larvae of M. interrupta Say, M. sayi Banks, and C. brunnea (Say). Hungerford (1936) gave addi- tional information on the oviposition of M. interrupta Say and Kaston (1938) reported the emergence of Mantispa fusicornis Banks from the egg sac of Agelena naevia Walckenaer. In Kas- ton’s record the spider was collected near Albion, Michigan, on September 17, and taken to New Haven, Connecticut, where about September 20 it deposited an egg sac in the glass container in which it was confined. On November 8 the adult Mantispa was found dead in the container. It had developed in the spider egg sac. Kaston gave two possibilities as to the source of the Mantispid. Either the larva crawled into the spider’s cage at New Haven or was carried from Michigan, hidden among the hairs on the spider’s body. In view of the observation I am reporting, it seems likely that the larva of the Mantispid traveled with the spider from Michigan, although this species of Mantispid has never been reported from so far north. Moreover, it suggests that had I made living female spiders available to some of the 36,000 larvae I had one season, instead of trying them on spider egg cases, I might have had some success in rearing the Mantispids. References. Hoffmann, C. H. 1936. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., XXI, pp. 202-203. Hungerford, H. B. 1936. Ent. News, XLVII, pp. 69-72 ; 85-88. Kaston, B. J. 1938. Jl. New York Ent. Soc., XLVI, pp. 147- 151- Smith, R. C. 1934. Jl. Kans. Ent. Soc., VII, pp. 21-24. 266 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vo XXXIV EDITORIAL. Constant in Service. With this number, the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society completes its thirty-fourth volume, a continuous publication of 28 volumes in the 28 years since it was revived in 1912. It also rounds out the twenty-first year of the present Editor’s service as such, and the 27th year since he was selected to our Publication Committee. His service is today the longest of any present editor of an American entomological journal. In these 28 years the Brooklyn Entomological Society has con- sistently served entomology. Not alone has it continued, supported and improved the Bulletin, but it has also revived Entomologica Americana as a monographic journal. This is closing its 14th volume in active publication since 1926. The Society’s two out- standing services to entomology have been the publication of Boving and Craighead’s classic work on the larvae of Coleoptera, and the enlarged new Glossary of Entomology, a useful and needed volume. Under present long-lasting adverse conditions, this represents a great achievement on the part of a Society officered and managed by non-professional entomologists, with the majority of its mem- bers amateurs, who pursue the study of entomology in their leisure time. This small, and in its membership relatively inconspicuous Society has done what it has done under its own power. It has no sub- sidies and no outside aid of any kind; its only income is derived from membership dues and receipts from its publications. Yet, it is entirely solvent and its publications continue on what we fondly hope is a high plane. We trust that these not unfavorable conditions will continue ; but for their continuance we must rely, as always, on the constant and increased support of those outside the limited group of the Society, by their subscriptions to our publications. We appeal for this aid in good measure, to enable us to maintain these high standards and to continue this unremunerated service to entomology. Self-praise is no recommendation. What we have here stated are bare unadorned facts, known to all entomologists. In their hands we confidently leave our future success, in which in the past they have been so valued an element. The Publication Committee of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. Dec., 193& Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 267 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY Meeting of October 13, 1938. A regular meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held at the Brooklyn Museum on Thursday, October 13, 1938. President William T. Davis presided, calling the meeting to order at 8:15 P.M. Eight other members were present, namely, Dr. Dietrich and Dr. Tulloch, and Messrs. Buchholz, Dietz, Engel- hardt, Rau, Siepmann and Stecher; also Miss Dietz, Miss Harty, and Messrs. John J. Bowe, L. B. Cole, John Elfstrom and A. T. Gaul. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. Mr. Engelhardt, reporting as Treasurer, said that the Society’s in- come since January 1, including balance brought forward from 1937, was $3078.69 and disbursements were $2648.41, leaving a balance of $430.28. The financial condition of the Society, he added, is even better than it was at the same time last year. He also read a communication from Mr. Torre-Bueno, in which a glos- sary of English entomological terms and their equivalent in other languages was suggested. Dr. Davis exhibited a specimen of the large cicada, Quesada gig as, collected by Emmet S. Clauch, Jr., at Corpus Christi, Texas, and other specimens of that species. It is distributed from Browns- ville, Texas southward to Argentina. Its song is a sort of a whistle, and the effect of a number of these cicadas singing close at hand is not unlike that of a locomotive whistle. Mr. Davis also showed cicadas collected by Mr. Harry Hoogstraal, of the Univer- sity of Illionis, Urbana, 111., and Dr. H. B. Parks, of the Stephen F. Austin State Teachers College at Nacogdoches, Texas. Mr. Dietz reported that his collecting in the Bronx was rather poor this year. He showed a small glass-covered box containing several neatly spread Lepidoptera. It was of Japanese manufac- ture, and was bought locally for five cents, specimens included. Dr. Dietrich said that the remainder of the Schaeffer collection of Coleoptera, which had not already gone to other collectors, and representing about 80 of the original 200 boxes, went to Cornell University, and will be incorporated with the college collection. About six holotypes are included in the material. Among the families represented are the Nitidulidae and the Ostomidae. A complete list will be published in a brief note in the Bulletin. Mr. Rau exhibited a specimen of Hyperaspis (Coccinellidae) be- lieved to be an undescribed species. Seven of the beetles were reared from twelve larvae found feeding on mealy bugs. 268 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV Mr. Buchholz reported collecting in the region between Wil- mington, N. C., and Myrtle Beach, S. C., during the past summer. Mr. Davis reported that nearly all the Argynnis were disappear- ing from Staten Island, as well as many other Lepidoptera. The Argynnis feed on violets. Mr. Buchholz added that the common Cecropia is also disappearing from this vicinity. In 1900 Mr. Kearfott took hundreds of their cocoons on maple at Elizabethport, N. J. Now the Cecropia is rarely found on maple, and almost the only place where you can get them is in the marshes. Dr. Tulloch reported that he had been to Montana to study ticks and the spotted fever transmitted by them. Mr. A. T. Gaul reported taking Dolichovespula arctica at Salis- bury, Conn., which is a new record for that state. Mr. Siepmann said that he was studying the North American Histeridae, and showed a specimen of the European Hister pur- purascens, taken at Pittsburgh, Pa., as well as several specimens of the same species from Europe. He said that the descriptions of many of our Histeridae, even common species, have been drawn up from relatively scanty material, with the result that the characters proposed for their separation do not hold constant when additional material is taken into consideration. The synoptic tables in par- ticular, which are generally employed by those who seek to identify their material, are often based upon characters which have little or no taxonomic value. Authors too frequently have drawn up their synoptic tables from the existing literature rather than from a care- ful examination of specimens. In consequence Histeridae are often misidentified, even in the collections of well-known taxono- mists. The meeting adjourned at 10:00 P.M. Carl G. Siepmann, N ecretary. TABLE OF CONTENTS TO VOLUME XXXIV. (Arranged alphabetically throughout.) Subjects and Authors COLEOPTERA A Key to the New World Am- phicrossus Erichson, C. T. Parson, 59 A New Anisostena from Owen’s Valley, California, Burdette E. White, 55 A New California Tiger Beetle, R. G. Dahl, 221 A New Insect Introduction, L. P. Wehrle, 170 A New Loxandrus from Cin- cinnati, Ohio, Joseph S. Wright, 257 A New Parasitic Beetle from California, H. S. Barber, 17 Ennearthron oblongum, Geo. Steyskal, 20 Glyptoscelimorpha viridis Chamberlin, Mont A. Cazier, 214 Hister puncticollis a Synonym of Hister osculatus, Carl G. Siepmann, 74 Hister purpurascens Recorded from North America, Carl G. Siepmann, 10 List of Coleoptera Found Liv- ing in and on Various Fungi, Herman Moennich, 155 List of the Coleoptera Taken by George P. Engelhardt in Alaska in 1938, Melville H. Hatch, 45 New Species of Amara from Washington, G. Minsk and Melville H. Hatch, 215 New Western Polyp hylla , Mont A. Cazier, 199 The Charles Schaeffer Collec- tion, Charles E. Palm, 80 Two New Western Tiger Beetles, with Notes, Mont A. Cazier, 24 Diptera A List of Robber Flies from Coahuila, Mexico, Rollin H. Baker, 167 Collecting Notes on the Family Asilidae, F. S. Blanton, 229 New and Insufficiently Known Crane-flies from the Nearctic Region, Charles P. Alex- ander, 92 General Book Notes, J. R. (de la) T.(orre)-B.(ueno), 134, 170, 1 7L 239 New Genera and Species of Muscoid Diptera, H. J. Rein- hard, 61 Notes on my Monograph of Odontomyia , Maurice T. James, 220 Notes on Some Mexican Spe- cies of Chrysops, L. L. Pechuman, 240 Subject Description of an Insect Con- tainer for a Trap Light, Chas. H. Martin, 255 269 270 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV Editorial : Constant in Service, Publication Committee, 266 On Foot Notes, Glosses, Obiter Dicta and Asides, J. R. T.-B., 223 Notice to Authors, The Editor, 9i Proceedings of the Society George S. Tulloch, Carl G. Siepmann, 174, 224, 267 Unkind Words on Insect De- scriptions, J. R. de la Torre- Bueno, 57 Heteroptera Abedus Eaten by Raccoon, J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, 258 Andr alius spinidens Fabricius in the U.S., J. R. de la Torre- Bueno, 1 18 Brochymena florida, a New Species of Pentatomid from Florida, Herbert Ruckes, 236 Five New Species of Miridae from Texas, H. G. Johnston, 129 Observations on Three Species of Triatoma, L. P. Wehrle, 145 Remarks on the Subgenus Ti- varbus Stal of the Genus Hyalymenus A. & S. with Descriptions of Five New Species, J. R. de la Torre- Bueno, 214 Seven New American Tingi- tidae, C. J. Drake and M. E. Poor, 31 The Distribution of the Genus Notonecta in Mexico, H. D. Thomas, 1 Three New Species of Brochy- mena from the United States and Mexico, Herbert Ruckes, hi Three New Species of Miridae from North America, H. H. Knight, 21 Homoptera Neotriozella and a New Re- lated Genus, Leonard D. Tuthill, 51 Hymenoptera A Method of Collecting Nests of Some Social Hymenop- tera, A. T. Gaul, 197 A Rare Hymenopteran, Ezra M. Greenspan, 54 A Synopsis of the Odynerus boscii Group in North Amer- ica, Richard M. Bohart, 245 Another Central American So- cial Wasp, Accidentally In- troduced into the United States, J. Bequaert, 30 Centris in Colorado, T. D. A. Cockerell, 258 Descriptions and Records of New Wasps from New York State, Karl V. Krombein, 135 Dec., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 271 Distributional Notes on Bembe- cidae, George Steyskal, 218 New Mexican Callimomidae, Osmond P. Breland, 81 New Species of Bees of the Genus Diadasia from Cali- fornia, P. H. Timberlake, 11 Protective Odors among the Ichneumonidae, Henry K. Townes, Jr., 29 Studies in the Ecology and Be- havior of Polistes Wasps, Phil Rau, 36 Lepidoptera A New Metal Mark ( Cole - phelis ) from Texas, W. S. McAlpine, 75 Brent his apiraphe in North America, with a New Record of the Species from Maine, A. B. Klots, 259 New Forms and Species of the Other The Senses of Spiders, Cyril E. Abbott, 1 01 Genus Catasticta — I and II, F. Martin Brown, 120, 203 Notes on Butterfly Migration — II, Harold A. O’Byrne, 252 The Occurrence of Hemiargus isola (Reakirt) in Northern Ohio, G. W. Rawson and John S. Thomas, 9 Animals Other Orders A Note on Mantispidae, H. B. Hunger ford, 265 Note on Injury to Gypsophila paniculata by the Jerusalem Cricket, Stenopelmatus fus- cus Hald., J. J. DuBois, 244 Records and Notes of Nearctic Panorpidae and Rhaphido- idea, F. M. Carpenter, 162 Remarks on the Geographical Distribution of North Amer- ican Collembola, Harlow B. Mills, 158 272 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vo l- XXXIV INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES OF INSECTS, OTHER ANIMALS AND PLANTS. New forms in bold face; valid genera and species in Roman; synonyms in Italics; 0 indicates other animals, * plants, f Long Island records. (Not listed in this Index: extensive list of Alaskan Coleoptera, pp. 45-56; extensive list of Mexican robber flies, pp. 167-170; list of Bembecidae, pp. 218-219; extensive list of Diptera, pp. 229-235.) Abedus, 258 * Abies balsamea, 260 Achorutes armatus, 159 tullbergi, 159 viaticus, 159 (Schotella) uniunguicu- lata, 159 fActobius nanus, 155 Aegeria apiformis, 226 tibialis, 226 ^Agelena naevia, 265 Agulla, 165 distincta, 165 minuta, 165 Alena, 165 flexa, 165 Alexeter, 29 canaliculatus, 29 honestus, 29 tarsalis, 29, 30 Allotingis binotata, 31 insulicola, 31 * Amanita solitaria, 157 Amara (Acrodon) 215 brunnea, 216 exlineae, 215 indivisa, 216 (Pseudotriaena) alaxno- guia, 217 atrichata, 217 glabrata, 217 (Zezea) kincaidi, 217 Amphicrossus, 59 ciliatus, 59, 60 horni, 59, 60 insularis, 59 lateralis, 59 limbatus, 59, 60 niger, 59, 60 unilineatus , 60 Andrallus ludovicianus, 118 spinidens, 118 Andricus (rhizoxenus) charn- pioni, 84 (ruginosus) mimietas, 83 * Andromeda glaucophylla, 261 Anisostena californica, 55, 56 mitchelli, 55 perspicua, 56 Anthocharis genutia, 227 Anumeta, 224 Anurida granaria, 159 Apateticus ludovicianus , 118 Apecthis annulicornis, 29 picticornis, 29 Archisotoma besselsi, 159 ^Arctosa littoralis, 265 ^Argiope (Miranda) aurantia, 105, 106 Argynnis, 268 Ascia monuste, 253, 254 Asprothrips raui, 227 fAstata florissantensis, 137 nubeculus, 135 fAtheta virginica, 156 Atractotomus crataegi, 129 flavotarsus, 129 Audinetia, 118 Dec., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 273 Banchus canadensis, 29 flavescens, 29 flavovariegatus, 29 pallescens, 29 fBelonuchus formosus, 156 schaefferi, 80 Biorhiza (pulchripennis) stelis, 85 Bittacus occidentis, 165 strigosus, 165 Boreus brumalis, 165 nivoriundus, 165 Boletobius pygmaeus, 156 *Boletus granulatus, 157 Brachynus, 18 Brachypanorpa carolinensis, 162 montana, 162 oregonensis, 162 Brachystegus, 143 Bremus, 198 Brenthis aphirape, 259 et seqq. caelestis, 261 dawsoni, 261, 262, 263, 264 nichollae, 261, 262 triclaris, 261, 262, 263 Brochymena aculeata, 111, 112, 113 affinis, 1 16 arborea, 236 barberi, 111, 113, 114 var. diluta, 113 cariosa, 118 carolinensis, 118 dilata, 239 florida, 239 haedula, 112 hoppingi, 1 16 humeralis, 116 lineata, 239 quadripustulata, 116, 118 usingeri, 114 Buenoa, 5 Bulia, 224 Calephelis 75, 78 borealis, 78 muticum, 75, 78 rawsoni, 75, 78 virginiensis, 77, 78 wrighti, 75 Callimome cognata, 82, 84 crassa, 87, 90, 91 denticulata, 85, 87 fullawayi, 87 mexicanum, 83, 84 nubila, 84 nuda, 89, 90 rudbeckiae, 85 texanum, 87 *Calochortus, 16 Carabus lividus, 46 *Carex panicea, 261 pauciflora, 261 Catogenus, 18 *Carpinus caroliniana, 22 Catasticta affinis, 21 1, 212 apaturina form citra, 128 chelidonis, 208 form germainia, 207 chiricana, 204 chrysolopha, 128 cinerea form dusca, 127 form chelalba, 122 f. f. chelaura, 122 f. teara, 121 corcyra corcyra female form linea, 120 discalba, 207 distincta, 209 form ecuadorana, 124 flisa form dilutior, 126 f. maya, 126 frontina, 209 gelba, 21 1 274 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV giga, 21 1 grossana, 206 notha f. pieridoides, 120 philomene f. philomelas, 122 philomene f. naranja, 208 punctata f. hypoleua, 123 race philodora, 124 philone ecuadora f. pas- taza, 125 philoscia f. ferra, 21 1 f. philothea, 21 1 pitana, 203 prioneris hegamon fem. form tincta, 120 quiroza, 128 reducta, 205 butleria, 205 rileya, 212 f. tamsa, 213 seitzi zana, 126 zanele, 126, 127 semiramis f. palla, 127 smithia, 209 sordida, 126 subflava f. collina, 121 suasa feldera, 122 susiana, 206 tanoia, 126 tatae, 203, 204 troezene, 21 1 truncata, 128 zanele, 212 Cecropia, 268 Celia, 216 Centris caesalpiniae, 258 *Centromadis pungens, 12 *Cetraria islandica, 261 *Chamaedaphne calyculata, 261 0Chiracanthium earn if ex, 108 Chlorolycorina, 29 albomarginata, 29 * Chrysanthemum leucanthe- mum, 142 Chrysolina blaisdelli, 50 engelhardti, 49 . Chrysops affinis, 240, 242 apicalis, 241 facialis, 242, 244 giganteus, 242 mutata, 242, 244 scalarata, 241, 242 Cicindela alleni, 24 bellisima, 28 cuprascens subsp. sperata, 26 eureka, 28 hirticollis, 28 horni, 25 reitteri, 25 lepida, 28 longilabris, 28 nevadica subsp. knausi, 26 subsp. tubensis, 25 nigrocoerulea, 25 var. bowditchi, 25 var. robusta, 25 pusilla imperfecta, 28 lunalonga, 28 pimeriana, 25 plutonica, 28 tenuicincta, 27 tranquebarica borealis, 26 inyo, 27 kirbyi, 27 owena, 27 vibex, 27 willistoni amargosae, 221 echo, 222 pseudosenilis, 222 spaldingi, 222 Cirrobolina, 224 Cissusa, 224 Clastoneuropsis, 68 meralis, 69 *Cladonia rangiferina, 261 Bee., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 275 *Clavaria aurea, 157 Clidophleps vagans, 227 *Collybia platyphylla, 157 Colpotrichia trifasciata, 30 Crabro ater, 144 cinctipes, 144 davidsoni, 144 discretus, 144 lentus, 144 plesius, 144 pleuralis, 144 tarsalis, 144 tenuiglossus, 144 ftenuis, 144 Crambus labradoriensis, 259 *Croton berlanderi, 132, 133 Cryobius, 46 Culex apicalis, 235 Cynips (dugesei) emergens, 89 oriens, 90 Danaus plexippus, 252, 254 *Daucus carota, 135, 139, 143 fDendroides concolor, 174 Deuterosminthurus insignis, 159 repandus, 161 Diadasia afflicta, 15 angusticeps, 15 bituberculata, 15 consociata, 11, 17 diminuta, 1 1 sphaeralcearum, 13, 15 tuberculifrons, 13, 15 vallicola, 15 Diceroprocta apache, 227 Dicymolomia pegasalis, 42 Diodontus sulcatus, 140 Diomorus, 87 Diploplectron ashmeadi, 138 bidentatiformis, 138 brunneipes, 138 bidentatus, 138, 139 cressoni, 138 ferrugineus, 138 florissantensis, 137 fossor, 138 peglowi, 136, 138, 139 relativus, 138 rufoantennatus, 138 Dolichovespula arctica, 268 0Dolomedes scriptus, 106, 107 tenebrosis, 105 Drasteria, 224 *Drosera rotundifolia, 261 0Dugesiella hentzi, 104, 107 Emblemasoma albicoma, 62, 63 erro, 61, 62 faciale, 61, 62 sternalis, 62 Ennearthron oblongum, 20 Entomobrya assuta, 161 corticola, 160 nivalis, 160 purpurascens, 161 0Epeira sclopetaria, 105 Ephialtes, 29 Epigrimyia, 72 Epinysson, see Nysson fEpuraea helvola, 156 Eubaphe, 174 *Eupatorium perfoliatum, 143 ^Euphorbia, 7 Eustictus albomaculatus, 129 knighti, 129 Exochus, 30 albifrons, 29 atriceps, 29 Feron (crystallinum) tostum, 86 Feronia, 46 Folsomia diplophthalma, 159 fimetaria, 159 quadrioculata, 159 Forsebia, 224 *Frankenia grandiflora, 12 276 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV Geotrupes balyi, 155 splendidens, 157 fGlischrochilus fasciatus, 156 Glyptoscelimorpha viridis, 214 dGrammonota inornata, 107 Gymnopolybia areata, 30 Gypsophila paniculata, 244 Gyrophaena fasciata, 155, 156, 157 *Heliotropium carassavicum, 12 Helobria, 45 Hemiargus isola, 9, 10 Heoides helloides, 10 Hesperus apicalis, 157 Heterochrysops giganteus, 242 Hister (Paralister) foedatus, 10 fmemnonius, 156 osculatus, 74 puncticollis , 74 purpurascens, 10, 268 Holmgrenia, 29 Homaspis slossonae, 30 *Houstonia angustifolia, 129 Hyalymenus (Tivarbus), 176- 197 aterrimus, 182, 183 calcarator, 182, 183 dissimilis, 180, 182, 184 limbativentris, 181, 182 longispinus, 181, 183, 195 notus, 181, 182, 187 pholcopus, 181, 183, 194 potens, 181, 182, 187 pulcher, 182 puncticeps, 178, 182, 185 sinuatus, 182 subinermis, 178, 180, 182, 183 tarsatus, 181, 183, 191 tenuitibiis, 181, 183, 192 *Hymenochloea, 17 *Hymenopoptus, 249 Hypera brunneipennis, 170 postica, 170 Ichneumon velox, 30 Incisalia irus, 10 Inocellia inflata, 166 Isotoma bipunctata, 159 olivacea, 159 mucronata, 159 violacea, 159 viridis, 159, 161 Isotomurus palustris, 161 Itoplectis conquisitor, 29 *Kalmia polyfolia, 261 *Lactarius piperatus, 155 volemus, 156 *Ledum groenlandicum, 261 Lepidocyrtus cyaneus, 159 Leptopharsa bondari, 33 dampfi, 35 distantis, 33 elegantula, 33 guatemalensis, 34 illudens var. variantis, 32 longipennis, 35 pauxilla, 32 sera, 35 vicina, 33 Leucanitis, 224 Lestiphorus mellinoides, 143 Limonia (Limonia) nelliana, 97 pemetica, 95, 97 simulans, 95, 97 *Lindenius baccadentis, 144 errans, 144 zellus, 144 *Lippia nodiflora, 12 fLitargus nebulosus, 156 ftetraspilotus, 156 Dec., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 277 Litocala, 224 Loxandrus duryi, 257 vulneratus, 258 Lunatipula, see Tipula 0Lycosa, 104 Lygidea annexus, 22 obscura, 22 salicis, 22 Lygus, 130 Macronichia, 61 Mantispa brunnea, 265 interrupta, 265 sayi, 265 . *Medicago sativa, 170 Megarhyssa greenii, 29 lunata, 29 *Melilotus indica, 170 Melipotis, 224 jucunda, 224 Mesoleius, 30 fissus, 29 Metatrioza, 53 pubescens, 53 Metoecus, 18 fMiscophus americanus, 139 *Myrica asplenifolia, 29 Myzis ribis, 135, 144 Neanura giganteum, 159 muscorum, 159 Nebria brevicollis, 45 Neoborus quercicola, 130 maculatus, 132 rostratus, 13 1, 132 Neolygus carpini, 21 ostryae, 21 Neonebria, 46 lividus, 46 0Neotoma albigula albigula, 147 Neotriozella, 53 hirsuta, 51, 52 immaculata, 51 laticeps, 51, 52 ottawaensis, 51 pyrifoliae. Si, 52 sculptocornus, 51, 52 virginiana, 51, 52 Neotrioza, see Neotriozella Nitidula nigra, 80 unilineatus, 60 Notonecta indica, 2 et seqq. mexicana, 1 et seqq. shooteri, 1 et seqq. undulata, 1 et seqq. unifasciata, 1 et seqq. Nysson (Epinysson) opulentus, 143 Odontomerus albotibialis, 29 Odontomyia communis, 220 confusa , 220 inaequalis, 220 interrupta, 220 melantera, 220 mgerrima, 220 plebeja, 220 plebia, 220 profuscata, 220 Odynerus annulatus, 249 oslari, 248 aldrichi, 250 boscii, 245 et seqq. albivestis, 246, 249 auranus, 245, 246, 248 azotopus, 246, 248 boscii, 246 castigatus , 247 dantici, 245 delicatus, 250 exoglyphus, 245, 250, 251 albovittatus, 245, 251 foraminatus, 41 fuscus, 246 fusus, 246 278 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXlv leucomelas, 250 orasus, 250 rugosus, 245, 250 Okanagodes pallida, 227 fOmosita colon, 156 Onychiurus armatus, 159 dentatus, 159 groenlandicus, 159 Opsotheresia nigricornis, 67 obesa, 66 Orchesella ainsliei, 160 cincta, 160 Ormosia arcuata, 100 broweri, 100 Ostoma oregonensis, 80 fPallodes silaceus, 156, 157 Panorpa americana, 163 canadensis , 163 confusa, 163 debilis, 163 flexa, 164 isolata, 163 nebulosa, 164 neglecta, 164 ramosa, 164 robusta, 164 rufescens, 163 submaculosa, 164 venosa, 162, 163 virginica, 164 Panorpodes, 162 Panula, 224 Paralister, see Hister Paranecta, see Notonecta Parthenicus nigrellus, 23 Pedicia (Pedicia) albivitta, 99 contermina, 98 procteriana, 97 Phaedrotes piassus, 227 Phaeogenes, 29 fPhanaeus carnifex, 174 0Phiddipus, 104 Philocalia, 70 tenuirostris, 71 dPhilaeus militaris, 265 fPhilonthus cruentatus, 155 longicornis, 155 Phoberia, 224 Phoebis eubule, 253 ^Pholcus phalangoides, 107 *Picea glauca, 260 rubra, 260 Pimpla aequalis, 29 aquilonis, 29 pedalis, 29, 30 tenuicornis, 29 dPirata piratica, 105 Platysma, 46 Plea, 5 Plebeius scudderi, 9, 10 Podops parvulus, 214 peninsularis, 214 Polistes, 36-44, 198 annularis, 31, 40, 41, 42, 44 areata, 30 pallipes, 36, 38, 40-43 rubigenosis, 37, 39, 40, 43, 44 variatus, 40-44 Polyphylla alleni, 201 cavifrons, 200 crinita, 202 decemlineata modulata, 202 hammondi, 200 opposita, 201 sobrina, 201 squamiventris, 199, 20O dProcyon lotor, 258 Pronuba, 227 *Prosopis juliflora, 248 Psen (P.) erythropoda, 140 (mimumesa) canadensis, 140 mellipes, 141 Pseudositoma sensibilis, 159 Ptenothryx maculatus, i6t Pyrota, 18 Dec., 1939 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 279 *Q.(uercus) chihuahuanis, 86 rhodophlebia, 85 sacame, 89, 90 striatula, 83 virginiana, 131 Rhabdomastix ( Sacandaga ) hansoni, 99 subfasciger, 100 Rhinopsis caniculata, 54 Rhipidius, 19 Rhipiphorus paradoxus, 18 Rhygchium, see Odynerus Ripidius pectinicornis, 19 Ripiphorus, 17 et seqq. dammersi, 19 paradoxus, 18 popenoi, 20 stylopides, 17 *Rudbeckia, 85 Sacandaga, see Rhabdomastix *Salix amygdaloides, 23 dSalticus scenicus, 104 Sandalus, 18 fSaprinus patruelis, 157 posthumus, 156 Sarcophaga comparilis, 66 culminata, 66 ramosa, 64 *Sarracenia purpurea, 261 Scambrus, 30 Sidamia devastatrix, 225 Syphoclytia, 72 pavonacea, 72 polita, 72 robertsonii, 72 Sisamnus pitana, 204 Sira buscki, 160 platani, 160 *Sium cicutaefolium, 135 *Smilacina trifolia, 261 Sminthurides aquaticus, 161 Sminthurus viridis, 160 Solenius aciculatus, 143 texanus, 143 Solierella (Silaon) arenaria, 139 chilensis, 140 kansensis, 140 niger, 140 plenoculoides, 140 *Sphaeralcea, 15 emoryi, 12, 15 orcutti, 15 Sphaerocysfa globifera, 31 propria, 31 stab, 31 Shaeroderus, 224 ^Sphagnum, 261 Spilomene pusilla, 141 * Spiraea alba, 40 Staphilinus viridans, 157 0Stegodyphus sarcinorum, 108 Stelidota geminata, 155 Stelopolybia sulfureofasciata, 30 Stenopelmatus fuscus, 244 fStilicus dentatus, 155 Strymon edwardsi, 10 Syllobus emarginatus, 214 Symbrius blattarum, 19 Syneda, 224 *Symphoricarpos orbiculatus, 40 Tachinus fimbriatus, 157 fTachysphex minimus, 139 dTegnaria atrica, 104 Temnochila arizonensis, 80 edentata, 80 peninsularis, 80 Tenthredella rufopectus, 30 Termitaphis, 239 Tetracanthella wahlgreni, 159 dTheridium lineatum, 108 280 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXIV Theronia fulvescens, 30 melanocephala, 29 Tipula (Lunatipula) lamellata, 93 ligropis, 95 macnabi, 92 splendens, 93 tingi, 93 Tivarbus, see Hyalymenus Triaena, 216 Triatoma, 145 et seqq. longipes, 145 et seqq. protracta, 145 et seqq. uhleri, 145 et seqq. *Trigonella foenugraecum, 170 Trioza, 53 Trioza immaculata, 51 pyrifoliae, 51 Tritoma angulata, 155, 156 biguttata, 155, 157 Tromatobia, 30 ^Trypanosoma cruzi, 153 ^Uloborus republicans, 108 Ulosyneda, 224 *Vaccinium oxycoccos, 261 Vespa fulvofasciata, 30 vulgaris, 18 Vespula, 30 arctica, 198 diabolica, 198 Xenochesis cinctiventris, 30 Xenylla humicola, 159 Xylocelia bidentatus, 141, 143 franclemonti, 141, 143 virginiana, 141, 143 Zaglyptus, 30 Zezea, 216 Number of New Genera in this Index, 4. Number of New Species and other forms in this Index, 97. BULLETIN OF THE Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XXXV 1940 EDITED BY J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor . G. P. ENGELHARDT CARL GEO. SIEPMANN THE SCIENCE PRESS PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA Vol. XXXV FEBRUARY, 1940 No. 1 BULLETIN OF THE Brooklyn Entomological Society NEW SERIES PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor CARL GEO. SIEPMANN GEO. P. ENGELHARDT Published for the Society by The Science Press Printing Company, N. Queen St. and McGovern Ave., Lancaster, Pa., Price, 60 cents Subscription, $2.50 per year Mailed February 21, 1940 Entered as second-class matter January 21, 1919, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879 The Brooklyn Entomological Society Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1938 Honorary President CHARLES W. LENG President W. T. DAVIS Vice-President R. R. McElvare Recording Secretary CARL GEO. SIEPMANN Corresponding Secretary FREDERICK LEMMER Treasurer G. P. ENGELHARD T 28 Club way Hartsdale, N. Y. Librarian H. E. WILFORD Curator J. M. SHERIDAN Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences G. P. ENGELHARDT CONTENTS DEJEAN CATALOGUE NAMES, Barber & Bridwell 1 SYNONYMIC NOTES ON DYSDERCUS, Torre-Bueno 12 NEW U.S.A. ROBBER FLIES, Bromley 13 ANOTHER MANTISPA REARED, Kaston 21 NEW SPECIES OF DIADASIA, Timberlake 22 BOOK NOTES, J. R. T.-B 31 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, Siepmann 33 NOTICE TO AUTHORS, Editor !• ^ 35 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in February, April, June, October and December of each year Subscription price, domestic, $2.50 per year; foreign, $2.75 in advance; single copies, 60 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication. Address subscriptions and all communications to J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor, 311 East 4th St., Tucson, Ariz. BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. XXXV February, 1940 No. 1 DEJEAN CATALOGUE NAMES (COLEOPTERA). By H. S. Barber and J. C. Bridwell, Washington, D. C. The present note is intended to clarify ideas on validity, author- ship and date of many familiar generic names in Chrysomelidae which, under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, appear to be valid in the Dejean catalogues. Most of these names are believed to date from early in 1837 as explained below, but are incorrectly cited as of 1835 in the new Nomenclator Zoologicus by S. A. Neave and are there regarded as nomina nuda. This date, 1835, is also ascribed to them in the yet unfinished Nomenclator Animalium (Schulze, Berlin 1926-1938) where their treatment as to validity is variable. In contrast to the rejection of the Dejean Catalogue names one encounters the unquestioned adoption of simi- larly proposed names from the Billberg Catalogue. Many are averse to the consideration of these names, perhaps through mere misunderstanding of the motives which produced them and of the manner in which they have come into use. Examinations of certain cases show misapplications demanding correction of names applied to a few well known .species in our fauna, as well as the renaming of two neotropical genera. We are convinced that increase in knowledge of Coleoptera has been influenced more by the Dejean Catalogue than by any other single volume known to us. It stood for half a century as the “bible” of the coleopterist. Names taken from it were used in good faith by almost all workers. Then arose a concept of generic valid- ity under which these names were claimed to be of no significance because characterizations were not given and, on this assumption, some of these names were freely used for other genera. The con- flict of names resulting contrasts strongly with the constructive work of the great builders of our system who adopted these names in their original applications and whose results usually agree well with those attainable now by a strict and impersonal application of 1 FEB 2 3 1940 2 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society V 61. XXXV the rules of the International Code. If as is customary we recog- nize a generic name as established by designation of a known species as its genotype or if a name became valid1 by mere mention of the names of the species to be included, there should be no objection to new generic names proposed in this catalogue for listed species accompanied by bibliographical citation to prior descriptions. The author name following the specific name in the Dejean Catalogue is such a bibliograpical citation and, except in rare cases, there can be no doubt as to which old species are included in the new genera. In each case where the new generic name covers only specific nomina nuda, the generic name should be considered a nomen nudum, available for free use by a subsequent author, and in such cases we believe these later contributors have usually applied the name in the identical sense as in the Dejean collection, which was the basis of the catalogue. On the other hand, new generic names followed by included valid specific names with cited abbreviation of author, should be regarded as valid and the application of each determined by selection of an included valid species as genotype. Even the nomina nuda from Dejean were listed as valid in Agassiz and Erichson 1846 (Nomenclator Zoologicus, Coleoptera). The last limaison of that edition of the Dejean Catalogue which usually bears a title page date 1833 has not been satisfactorily ex- plained and dated. It is generally known that the earlier parts ap- peared in 1833, 1834 and 1835 as separate fascicles in covers num- bered 1 to 4. The last or fifth part, in which most of these chryso- melid names appear, was not issued up to the time of the great fire of December 12, 1835 (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 4, p. XC), which destroyed all of the undistributed edition and an appalling number of other French works on insects. Yet there are in numer- ous libraries apparently complete copies with title page date 1833 and including part 5. The reason for their existence we can now explain. Announcement by Dejean that publication of this fifth part has been delayed and that a new edition of the burned catalogue has been started appears after February 15, 1836 (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 4, p. cxxii). A later announcement (/. c vol. 5, p. xiv) after October 1836 mentions part 5 as in press. It was finally presented at the meeting of July 5, 1837. According to our inves- tigations this part consists of pages 361-442 of the volumes bear- ing title-page date 1833, and pages 385-466 in the last edition with 1 Prior to Jan. 1, 1931, when Article 25c of the Code became effective. Feb., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 3 title-page date 1837, or rarely 1836. If, as has been done by the writers, several copies of these two editions of the De jean cata- logues be assembled and compared,2 it will be found that every 2 Explanations of the Dejean catalogues by Boisduval 1845 (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 2, vol. 3, pp. 501, 504, 509), Hagen 1862 (Bibliotheca Entomologica, p. 165), Kraatz 1874 (Berlin. Ent. Ztschr., vol. 18, p. 212), Sherborn 1922 (Index Animalium II, p. xlii) Griffin 1932 (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, vol. 9, p. 178) and Schenkling 1932 (Wiener. Ent. Ztschr., vol. 49, p. 309) disagree greatly and we are unable to apply any of these in- terpretations in toto to the several copies we have studied. The blue temporary covers of the four fascicles of the “1833” edition appear to have been used indifferently in the filling of orders up to the burning of the entire undistributed stock in December 1835. Book dealers may, even since then, have exchanged parts and covers. If, as we believe, different title-pages were issued with part 1 in 1836 and part 5 in 1837 and the binder discarded the wrong one, Griffin’s 5 editions and other errors in Hagen and in Kraatz may be understood. Our guess is that an 1836 title-page appeared with the first part of the “Troisieme Edition,” the fifth part of which was unexpectedly delayed until after April 1837 and that a new title-page accompanied the Avertissement (pp. v-xiv), Re- capitulation (p. 467), Table Alphabetique (pp. 469-499) and Errata (pp. 500-503) which were issued with Fascicle 5 prior to July 5, 1837. Replacement of a missing or damaged title-page of the 1833 edition with a spare title-page of the 1836 edition may ac- count for edition 4 in the Griffin interpretation. Such a title-page is bound in a copy (Casey library) which is otherwise identical with the usual 1837 edition. Postscript — Schenkling’s account (1932 above inserted) of these catalogues was unnoticed by us until after the present paper was in the printer’s hands. It requires no change in our results and ap- pears to be correct except in two details: The inference that Dejean had been lax in citing his catalogues, and the claim, in agreement with Griffin 1932, of a separate 1836 edition. Dejean never cited his first list (1802) as his first edition but in his 1833 and 1837 volumes cites his 1821 volume as “Dej. Cat.” and, in the 1837 vol- ume, cites the 1833 volume as “Dej. Cat. 2.” Subsequent works seem to cite these three volumes consistently as editions I, II and III until Hagen listed the 1802 pamphlet as the first edition and considered the “troisieme” edition as the fourth. This beginner’s catalogue of 1802 merely lists the species which Dejean was able to 4 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXV item, and each broken or malformed character in the typography of these pages appears identical in the editions having title-page dates 1833, 1836 and 1837, except the numerals indicating pagina- tion and signature. The writers are convinced that the publication and issuance of pages 385-466 as part 5 for addition to the four parts distributed in 1833 to 1835 was from the exact forms from which the “Troisieme Edition” was published in 1837 and is of that date, the pagination, signature, and recapitulation, p. 443, being necessarily changed. Boisduval 1845 (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 2, vol. 3, p. 509) mentions the fourth and last part, but the an- nouncements (/. c., 1837, vol. 6, Bui. p. XIV, and p. LIII.) indi- cate that the 1837 edition appeared in five parts as was intended for the volume with title-page date 1833. Identity of part 5 in the "1833” and 1837 editions is proven by identity of typography alone, but Boisduval also states this fact. Its date must be between the meetings of the society of March 1 and July 5, 1837. April 1837 is the date of the introduction signed by Dejean. Some confusing duplication appears in copies of the “1833” edition thus completed. Attention is especially called to p. 361, which is identical with p. 385 of the 1837 volume. In the latter it is plain that the 31 species listed in column 1 are part of the 40 species of Megalopus which also appear on p. 358 of the “1833” volume, except that bicolor Klug has been added. These 31 specific names seem thereby to have been included in the genus Alurnus, but the species have no affinity with that genus. It should also be of in- terest that Lerna appears on pp. 359-360 with 97 species and again on pp. 362-363 with 102 species, an increase of 5 species between 1835 and 1837, the respective dates of parts 4 and 5. Five other genera are similarly repeated on pp. 361-363 of the 1837 part in the “1833” edition. I11 the introduction (p. xiii) to the third, or 1837, edition (no introduction or index appeared for the 1833 edition) responsibility is given to Chevrolat for all of the genera which he has proposed out of the ancient great genera Hispa, Cassida, Galeruca , Altica, Chrysomela, Colas pis, Eumolpus, Clythra, Cryptocephalus, etc. This statement not only fixes Chevrolat as author of most of the new generic names but definitely connects most of the species in- cluded in the new genera with their prior generic positions, which is apparent, however, to anyone familiar with the then available identify from the just published Fabrician volumes. It marks the beginning (when Dejean was 22) of his career as the great har- monizer of his entomological colleagues and of their views on classification. Feb., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 5 literature even were the introductory statement not considered. Thus Chevrolat’s great reclassification of Chrysomelidae considers 301 genera, of which 66 are ascribed to Dejean, 189 to Chevrolat, and 46 others to 16 other authors. Genotype designations for thirty-one genera of cassidids were published in 1842 (Duponchel and Chevrolat in D’Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 3, p. 210), but these have been ignored for almost a century. Some of them, as well as some of the indicated synonymy then offered, are admittedly invalid but most are accept- able and are explanatory of a long continued divergence in the application of the names. The correct analysis of old contribu- tions, as to both nomenclature and zoology, and their accurate cata- loguing is indispensable to revisional studies. These aspects of the nomenclature of the cassidids are, unfortunately, not considered in the admirable contribution on generic limitations by Spaeth 1913 (Archiv f. Naturgesch., vol. 79, A, heft 6, pp. 126-164), and it is suggested below that several of the generic names therein adopted are now to be cited in synonymy. A list of these chrysomelid genera with their genotypes has been contemplated, but accurate determination of the latter requires such extensive search through literature that its completion has not been possible. Numerous genotypes are established by Duponchel and Chevrolat, or by others in subsequent papers, and recent arbitrary selections are often erroneous as in the case of Deloyala, mentioned below. A few examples from the many cases examined are offered in illustration of the diverse problems encountered. We believe that stability of nomenclature is possible only by impersonal appli- cation of rules and that the International Code is the only basis for procedure which we can follow, since its rules were unanimously agreed upon by a properly constituted and authorized international body. Haemonia “Megerle” Dejean 1835 (“1833” ed. p. 357), 1836 (“1837” ed. p. 384) attained validity in Dejean 1821 (p. 114), where it is based upon equisetae F. and zosterae F. Apelma Billberg 18203 and Macroplea Samouelle 1819 are established 3 Citation to author being often not attached to the specific names in Billberg 1820, the validity of his new generic names seemed ques- tionable until it was found that the numerals “1.3.98” under Apelma are the bibliographical citation to Schoenherr 1817 (Synonymia Insectorum, vol. 1, pt. 3, p. 98) where the bibliography of Donacia zosterae F. is given. In other cases investigated, the dash ( — ), when used under habitat or page numeral, is equivalent to ditto. 6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXV on the same two species in virtually the same manner. Curtis 1830 and Westwood 1840 have designated Donacia zosterae F. the genotype of Macroplea which, being prior, is to be adopted. The three generic names are isogenotypic synonyms by present designation of D. zosterae F. as genotype of Haemonia and Apelma. Megascelis Dej. appears as a nomen nudum on p. 114 of the 1821 edition of the Dejean Catalogue, and reappears in the 1833 edition on p. 358 which was published in 1835 and on p. 361 which was published in 1837 (this being identical with p. 385 of volumes with title-page dates 1836 or 1837), each of the latter including valid specific names. Clavareau 1913 (Coleop. Cat. Junk, pt. 58, p. 3) ascribes the name to Latreille 1829 where valid species are also included, but the name attained validity in Sturm 1826 (Cat. meiner Ins. Samml., p. 80, tab. 4, fig. 36) where Megascelis aenea is described and figured and is to be considered the genotype. Lacordaire 1845 (Monog. Coleop. Phyt., pt. 1, p. 254) explicitly cites Sturm, but Cla- vareau has omitted these citations. Gastrophysa Chev. 1837 (pp. 405, 429) is valid as stated in Chapuis 1874 (Gen. Coleop., vol. 10, p. 371). Its genotype, Chryso- mela polygoni F., designated by Chevrolat 1846 (D’Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 6, p. 34) is also that of Gastroeidea Hope 1840 by original designation and of Gastroidea G. & H. 1874. Anisodera Chev. 1837 (pp. 363, 387). The result attained by Maulik 1916 (Zool. Soc. London, Proc. 1916, pp. 569-570) is not altered by acceptance of the Dejean Catalogue. The originally fixed genotype is Alurnus ferruginea F. 1801 and not A. excavata as designated by Baly 1859. Callistola Dejean 1837 (pp. 363, 387) is valid and monobasic, Hispa speciosa Boisduval 1835 being its genotype as stated by Guerin 1840 (Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 333) and by Duponchel 1842 (D’Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 3, p. 59) ; “d’Urville” is a bibliographical citation. This species ( speciosa ) is listed by Weiss 1911 (Coleop. Cat. Junk, pt. 35, p. 47) under Oxyce- phala Guerin wrongly supposed to be valid in 1830, but the cited volume (Duperrey, Voyage — Coquille, Zool., vol. 2, pt. 2, div. 1, p. 142) is now believed to have been published about the end of 1838. An uncatalogued earlier validation of Oxycephala cornigera Guerin 1835 (Icon. Regne Anim. Ins., These bibliographical citations are acceptable as “indications” con- ferring validity upon the new generic names. Feb., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 7 pi. 48, fig. 2) established priority of the latter monobasic genonym. Sceloenopla Chev. 1837 (pp. 364, 388), genotype Hispa spinipes F. 1794, designated by Baly 1859, is valid and has been adopted by Uhmann 1937 (Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. 22, pp. 204- 212) to suppress Cephalodonta Baly 1859 which is isogeno- typic by original designation and includes also Microdonta, mentioned below. Cephalodonta , a nomen nudum in Dejean 1837 (pp. 364, 388) and so cited by Neave 1939, becomes valid in Chevrolat 1842 (D’Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 3, p. 272) where C hale pus goniapterus Perty becomes its genotype. Neave 1939 cites validation by Guerin 1844, but the above mentioned genotype is there placed doubtfully in Uroplata instead of in the heterogeneous aggregate under Cephalodonta. Microdonta Chev. 1837 (pp. 364, 388), genotype Hispa serrati- cornis F. designated by Chevrolat 1846 (D’Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 8, p. 197) conflicts with the scarabaeid genus proposed by Hope 1837 (Coleop. Manual, pt. 1, p. 105) but has been merged with Sceloenopla as above mentioned. Notosacantha Chev. 1837 (pp. 367, 391), monobasic, genotype Cas- sida echinata F., also designated by Duponchel and Chevrolat 1842 (D’Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 3, p. 210). An unsigned item in the same work 1846 (vol. 8, p. 677) men- tions this genonym as synonym of Hoplionota Hope, but cur- rent use of the latter is to be discontinued because it is a sub- sequent isogenotypic synonym. Thyreomorpha Dejean 1837 (pp. 367, 391) is a nomen nudum and does not become valid in either Duponchel and Chevrolat 1842 or in Chevrolat 1849 (D’Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 12, p. 570). It attains monobasic validity by citation in synonymy in Boheman 1850 (p. 35) under Hoplionota badia Boh. its genotype. Imatidium F. 1801 accepted in Chevrolat 1837 (pp. 367, 391), genotype I. thoracicum F., designation by Latreille 1810 (p. 432). Subsequent designation by Hope 1840, 1. trimaculatum F. Subsequent designation in Duponchel and Chevrolat 1842 I. fas datum F. Spaeth 1938 (Rev. de Ent., Rio de Janeiro, vol. 9, p. 305) mentions the latter, fasciatum F. ( =capense Hbst.) as the genotype. Malaise 1938 (Ent. Tidskr., vol. 59, p. 99-106) advances the belief that Fabricius indicated types of genera by detailed and extended descriptions of selected species and if this were acceptable Hope’s genotype selection 8 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxv would stand, suppressing Spilophora Boh. and leaving Ima- tidium as we know the genus, without a name. Under the Code the first acceptable designation is by Latreille. Hima- tidium Illiger 1804 (Mag. f. Insectenkunde, vol. 3, p. 131) is accompanied by characterization, comments and specific men- tion, drawn from Cassida bicornis, taurus and bidens and might, for these reasons, supersede Tauroma Hope and Omo- cerus Chev. But it is best to regard it as an unnecessary emendation and misapplication of Imatidium F. under which it should be suppressed as isogenotypic because an allusion to Fabricius appears in the remarks. H imatidium Illiger (part) must, however, be cited in synonymy under Omocerus. Calliaspis Dejean 1837 (pp. 367, 391), genotype Cassida rubra Oliv. 1808, designated in Duponchel 1842 (D’Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 3, p. 50, 210). Calyptocephala Chev. 1837 (pp. 367, 391), genotype Cassida nigri- cornis Germ. 1824, present designation. The genotype desig- nation in Duponchel and Chevrolat 1842 may be rejected, trige- mina being then still undescribed. This would permit con- tinuance of the Boheman, Chapuis, Spaeth application of the genonym. Omocera Chev. 1837 (pp. 367, 391) is a synonym of Omocerus Chev. 1835 (Coleopteres du Mexique, No. 119). Genotype, Cassida bicornis F. designated by Duponchel and Chevrolat 1842 (D’Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 3, p. 21 1) cit- ing, in synonymy, Tauroma , the originally designated genotype of which is C. taurus. Both of these genotypes, having been the basis of an overlooked generic concept by Illiger, a citation of Himatidium Illiger 1804 (part) should be catalogued in the generic synonymy. Polychalca Chev. 1837 (pp. 368, 392) is valid. Genotype, Cassida variolosa F. 1801 (not Oliv. 1790) designated by Duponchel and Chevrolat 1842 (D’Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 3, p. 211). Pilidonota Spaeth 1913 is isogenotypic by original designation. Being a primary homonym, variolosa should be suppressed as the name of this well known ornamental, used in jewelry, and the next available synonym, apparently Cassida punctatissima Wolf 1818 according to Spaeth 1914, should be adopted. Desmonota Hope 1839, genotype Cassida platynota Germ. 1824, by original designation, may be a subgenus of Polychalca Chev. (not Weise 1900). Polychalca Weise 1900 (Deut. Ent. Ztschr., vol. 44, p. 460) (not Chev.), invalid either as a homonym or because its designated genotype, Cas- sida multicava Latr. 1811, was assigned in another genus, Feb., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 9 Cyrtonota Chev., includes 16 species catalogued in Spaeth 1914. No available substitute name being known to us we propose a new genonym, Polychalma , (etym. nul.) for the same genotype. (Polychalma new name, ante, for Polychalca Weise 1900, not Polychalca Chev. 1837; genotype, Cassida multicava Latr. 1 81 1 by present designation, the genotype designation by Weise 1900 being either an emendation or a lapsus calami.) Discomorpha Chev. 1837 (pp. 368, 392), genotype Cassida varie- gata F., designated in Duponchel and Chevrolat 1842 (D’Or- bigny. Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 3, p. 211), suppresses Oxynodera Hope 1840 and Bia Weise 1896 (twice preoc- cupied) as isogenotypic synonyms. Another species, D. pal- liata (F.) - longicornis Guerin (Fabr. in error) is the geno- type of the hitherto uncatalogued, monobasic generic name Cyclosoma Guerin 1835 (Icon. Regne Anim. Ins., pi. 48, fig. 5). This genonym is validated in the legend on the plate which is of prior date to the comments on p. 288 of the “Texte Insectes,” 1844. Unfortunately this suppresses Prenea Spaeth 1913 which was proposed for palliata and nine other species. The exact date of Cyclosoma Guerin is unknown but the hi plates of insects were announced as finished in 1835 (Bui. Zool., 1835, premiere section, p. 71, 72). Eugenysa Chev. 1837 (pp. 368, 392), genotype Cassida grossa F., designated by Duponchel and Chevrolat 1842 (D’Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 3, p. 211). Calaspis Hope 1840 and Calaspidia Hope 1840 are isogenotypic synonyms by original designation. Cyrtonota Chev. 1837 (pp. 368, 392) is valid. Duponchel and Chevrolet 1842 (D’Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 3, p. 21 1 ) designate Cassida lateralis F. as its genotype. This spe- cies is originally included in Neomphalia Spaeth 1913 (Arch, f. Naturgesch., vol. 79, A, Heft 6, p. 131) and is its genotype by present designation. Among other Valid specific names in Cyrtonota are : The originally designated genotype of Mesom- phalia Hope, a species now catalogued in Zatrephina Spaeth, another now in Polychalca Weise (not Chev.), and ten others now in Pseudomesomphalia Spaeth. No type having been fixed for the latter genonym, we now designate Cassida disc or s F. its genotype. This is originally included by Spaeth’s defini- tion and remarks although not one of the few species men- tioned by name in the brief comparisons of his new species. It is also one of five valid names included in Pseudomesomphalia 10 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxv and in S tolas Billberg 1820 and it is, by present designation, the genotype of the latter. Pseudomesomphalia Spaeth 1901 becomes therefore a synonym of Stolas Billberg 1820. Dorynota Chev. 1837 (pp. 370, 394), genotype Cassida hidens F., designated by Duponchel and Chevrolat 1842 (D’Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 3, p. 21 1) citing, in synonymy, Batonota Hope 1839, which is isogenotypic. Acromis Chev. 1837 (pp. 370, 394), monobasic, genotype Cassida spinifex F., a listed synonym of which C. perforata F., is the genotype of Selenis Hope 1839. The latter is thus superseded as was shown by Duponchel and Chevrolat 1842. Omaspides Chev. 1837 (pp. 371, 395), genotype Cassida transversa F., designated in Hope 1840 (Coleop. Manual, pt. 3, p. 158) and in Duponchel and Chevrolat 1842. The genonym is ascribed to Boheman 1854 in Spaeth 1914 where clathrata L. (a prior synonym of transversa) is cited as type. Deloyala Chev. 1837 (pp. 371, 395) is valid. Its genotype, desig- nated by Duponchel and Chevrolat 1842 (D’Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 3, p. 21 1) is Cassida crux F. Chirida Chapuis 1875, genotype C. cruciata L., designated by Weise 1896, falls as synonym of Deloyala , their genotypes being listed as conspecific. This old and overlooked designation makes the designation of Cassida clavata F. by Barber 1916 ineffec- tive and permits the assignment of this species by Spaeth 1937 in his new subgenus where it appears as Plagiometriona ( Para - metriona) clavata (F.). Duponchel and Chevrolat 1842 cite Aspidomorpha in synonymy but its originally designated geno- type, C. miliaris F., is not congeneric with that of Deloyala Chev. (= Chirida Chap.). Deloyala Redtenbacher 1858 is merely a misuse of the name applied to a group not originally included. Asteriza Chev. 1837 (pp. 372, 396) is monobasic on Cassida flavi- cornis Oliv. 1790, which is cited as its type by Hope 1840 (p. 158) and by Duponchel and Chevrolat 1842. The genonym is commonly ascribed to Boheman 1854 as in the catalogue by Spaeth 1914. Omoteina Chev. 1837 (pp. 374, 398), monobasic, genotype Cassida humeralis Oliv. 1808, also cited by Duponchel and Chevrolat 1842. Trikona Maulik 1916 appears to be a synonym. Hemisphaerota Chev. 1837 (p. 367, 391), genotype Cassida ery- throcera Germ. 1824, designated by Duponchel & Chevrolat 1842 (D’Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., vol. 3, p. 210). Porphyraspis Hope 1840 is isogenotypic with Hemisphaerota. Fel., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 11 The use of this name, Hemisphaerota, by Spaeth 1905 (Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 55, p. 82) and in his catalogue 1914 (Coleop. Cat. Junk, pt. 62, p. 11) being untenable, we propose the new genonym Spaethiella, for the 22 species there listed and designate Imatidium sanguineum Fab. 1801 its genotype. (Spaethiella new name, ante , for Hemisphaerota Spaeth 1905, not Chev. 1837; genotype Imatidium sanguineum F. by present designation.) The names of several well known North American species of beetles are affected by these examples. These changes from the names recently used to the new combinations, or to the readoption of names formerly in use and wrongly suppressed require mention. 1. Our rarely observed subaquatic free swimming donaciid Hae- monia nigricornis Kby. changes to M aero plea nigricornis (Kby.) by priority of generic names, no validation of Haemonia “Megerle” prior to 1821 having been found. 2. Our several species of chrysomelids breeding on Rumex or Polygonum , listed as Gastroidea , should again be known by the prior name Gastrophysa Chev. as adopted by Redtenbacher, Cha- puis and others. 3. The blue tortoise beetle of the palmetto, long known as Por- phyraspis cyanea (Say) becomes Hemisphaerota cyanea (Say) by isogenotypic genonym priority. A much older description of this species, Cassida flavicornis Megerle 1803 (Catalogus Insectorum quae Viennae Austriae, die 28 Novembris 1803, auctionis lege dis- trahuntur, no. 394), based on a sample from Georgia probably from Abbott through Francillon, has been overlooked, but the name is preoccupied in Olivier 1790 and does not suppress cyanea. 4. The rough-backed tortoise beetle of ground cherry, horse nettle and white potato, recently known as Deloyala clavata (F.) becomes Plagiometriona ( Parametriona ) clavata (F.) Spaeth 1937, the early genotype designation restricting Deloyala to Chirida. 5. The name of the variable spotted tortoise beetle of morning glory and sweetpotato changes from Chirida guttata (Oliv.) to Deloyala guttata (Oliv.), the species being congeneric with the genotype of Deloyala designated in the overlooked contribution in 1842. Deloyala guttata lucidula (Boh.) is the pale variety or sub- species from New York to Iowa, and D. guttata pennsylvanica (Spaeth) is available for those melanic individuals in which the black dorsal area contains no yellow spots. Deloyala lecontei (Crotch 1873), of the Sonoran region, Deloyala extensa (Boh.), of the Rio Grande delta, and Deloyala barberi (Spaeth 1936), of the Florida everglades, appear to us to be distinct species. Deloyala 12 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxv extensa (Boh.) is regarded by Spaeth 1936 (Ent. Rundsch., Jahrg. 53, p. 139) as a mere aberration of Deloyala guttata immunita (Boh.) of Yucatan, but our samples from Brownsville, Tex., and the original descriptions do not support this view. Synonymic Notes on Dysdercus A. & S. (Hemip). — In 1926 Blatchley suggests that Capsus ocreatus Say is the same as Dysdercus andreae Linne. The former species was placed by Stal in Dysdercus. However, apparently it cannot be the same as the latter. Say, in his description, unequivocally states: “beneath immacu- late” (Italics mine). Now, the numerous specimens I have of D. andreae, determined both by Dr. R. F. Hussey and Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, all have the ventral segments distinctly white-margined posteriorly; and the sternal sclerites are also white posteriorly. This cannot have escaped Say, who, in Capsus ( Dysdercus ) mimus immediately following brings out that it is “beneath white, with the incisures sanguineous,” which is a no more obvious character than the white incisures in D. andreae. We must conclude, therefore, that whatever Say may have had before him from Georgia, it was either an aberrant specimen of andreae, or else nearly certainly something quite different. At any rate, no one seems to have seen Capsus ocreatus since Say’s day. The only references to this species are : the original description ; Stal’s in Enumeratio (I: 124), where he says “Ad hanc familiam verisimiliter pertinent: 1. Capsus ocreatus Say” and a number of others he lists; Uhler, in his Check List, a mere mention; Van Duzee in his Catalogue omits Stabs citation; and Blatchley’s (Hem. E. N. Am., p. 442), where he advances the idea that ocreatus Say may be andreae L., without discussion. The latest reference is by Hussey, in his Catalogue of the Pyrrhocoridae (General Catalogue of the Hemiptera, fascicle III, p. 97). Obviously, none of these authors had seen an authentic specimen, and they knew it only from description. In my 1912 paper “Records of Heteroptera from Brownsville, Texas” (Ent. News, XXIII, p. 121) I recorded Dysdercus obscur- atus Dist. I11 his pending work on a survey of the Pyrrhocoridae, Dr. Hussey, in 1931, determined my specimens from Brownsville as Dysdercus incertus Distant, described from Costa Rica. Ac- cordingly, this correction is made. This the first record of the species north of Mexico. — J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, Tucson, Ari- zona. Feb., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 13 NEW U.S.A. ROBBER FLIES (DIPTERA: ASILIDAE). By Stanley W. Bromley, Stamford, Conn. Several interesting collections have been submitted to me recently for identification. In these collections were disclosed ten new species of Asilidae, descriptions of which are given in this paper. Acknowledgments are due Mr. josef Knull, Curator of the Ohio State University collection, Dr. R. H. Beamer of the University of Kansas, Mr. E. P. Van Duzee of the California Academy of Sciences, Mr. Joseph Schuh of Oregon State College, Dr. J. C. Bradley of Cornell University and Mr. F. S. Blanton of Babylon, New York. Promachus atrox n. sp. Total length, 26-29 mm. A robust, very dark colored species of the bastardi group, evidently related to P. truquii Bellardi, having the mystax mostly and the beard entirely white and with a dense patch of white hairs on the anterior aspect of the front coxae. The wings are brownish with a dark shadow in the distal fourth of the marginal cell and the first submarginal cell with a gray median shadow occupying the central three-eighths of the cell. The hypopygium on the dorsum bears a dense mass of silvery white hairs. Male. Head black, vertex brown pollinose, face silvery pol- linose shading to brown towards the lower orbital region. Mystax narrow, densely white with a few fine black hairs inter- mingled; hairs of vertex and occipital bristles, black; occiput with fine white hairs; pronotum with black bristles; beard densely white ; palpi with coarse black bristles. Thorax black, dark chocolate brown pollinose; hairs and bristles of meso- notum black; scutellum densely covered with coarse black bristles; legs piceous, the fore legs brownish. The legs bear black hairs and bristles, although there are some pale hairs on the coxae and femora, while the anterior coxae bear a dense tuft of white hairs on the anterior portion. Wings smoky brown with deep gray shadows in the marginal and sub- marginal cells. Halteres with pale brown knobs, pul villi pale yellowish brown. Abdomen deep black with largely black hairs, the sides and venter with dark chocolate brown pollen. There are a few scattered white hairs on the sides of the ter- gites. Hypopygium short and broad wider than, but equal in length to, the last two segments. The ventral portion is 14 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society V 61. XXXV black-haired while the dorsum bears a dense tuft of silvery white hairs. Female. Similar, but with several white hairs among the black bristles of the scutellum. In both sexes the wings project beyond the tip of the abdomen. Holotype, male, Chiricahua Mts., Sept. 14, 1938 (D. J. and J. N. Knull, collectors). Allotype, female, same data. (Both types in Ohio State Uni- versity Collection.) This species differs from P. bastardi and P. truquii in the general black coloration with the contrasting snow-white mystax, beard, and tufts on the anterior coxae. Erax vertebratus n. sp. Total length 16-23 mm. A grayish white pollinose species with the abdomen banded with black, very similar to sonatus Hine but distinguished by the larger, broader hypopygium, the upper forceps being broader and more bulbous than in sonatus. The hypopygium is black or piceous instead of red as in sonatus. I am unable to satisfactorily distinguish the females. Holotype, male, Warner Springs, Calif., July 28, 1938 (Jean Russell). Allotype, female, Idyllwild, Calif., July 29, 1938 (Jean Russell). (Both in University of Kansas Collection.) Paratypes, males, Warner Springs, Calif., July 28, 1938 (Jean Russell), Towie, Calif., (Jean Russell) ; females, Warner Springs, Calif., July 28, 1938 (Jean Russell), Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., July 14, 1938 (Jean Russell). Erax subaridus n. sp. Total length 14-22 mm. A black species, grayish pollinose, of the aridus group as outlined by Hine, the furcation of the third vein nearly oposite the base of the second posterior cell. Male. Mystax white above, black below. Beard white. Bristles of vertex black (a few yellow) ; of occiput yellowish. Palpal bristles black, a few whitish. Thorax gray pollinose with the usual mesonotal markings partly obscured. Mesono- tum and scutellum with abundance of black hairs and bristles, a few bristles above the base of the wing yellowish. Legs black with bases of tibiae reddish, thickly white-haired with some yellowish white and some black bristles. Abdomen black, white-haired; the posterior and lateral margins of tergites Feb., 194:0 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 15 pale pollinose; tergites six and seven silvery gray. Genitalia with pale hairs. Female. Similar. The ovipositor about equal in length to the three preceding segments combined. The scutellum bears in addition to the black, several pale hairs and bristles. Holotype, male, Tuscon, Ariz., Mar. 8, 1937 (W. Benedict). Allotopotype, female, same data. (Both in University of Kansas Collection.) Paratopotypes, 13 males, 21 females, same data. Paratypes , male, Baboquivari Mts., Ariz., Mar. 31, 1937 (W. Benedict) ; 2 males, 2 females, base of Pinal Mts., Ariz., Mar. (D. K. Duncan). The latter were kindly sent to me by Mr. Duncan of Globe, Ariz., and are in my collection. This species is closely related to aridus Will, but is smaller, darker and the hairs and bristles of the scutellum are mostly black instead of pale, while there are more black bristles on the legs. The series of paratypes from the base of the Pinal Mts., Ariz., collected by Mr. Duncan, are larger (21-25 mm.) and blacker with even more black bristles on the legs. Erax benedicti n. sp. Total length 15-20 mm. A pale yellowish-brown pollinose spe- cies of the stramineus group, quite distinct from dubius Will., stramineus Will, and rap ax O. S. in that the eighth sternite in the male is greatly prolonged and bowed under the base of the hypopygium. Male. Most of the vestiture of the head is whitish. Bristles of vertex and occiput mostly black, a few yellow. Mesonotum pale yellowish brown pollinose ; pleura gray-pollinose. Meso- notal hairs and bristles black, some fine white long pile posteriorly. Scutellum with fine white hairs and yellowish- white marginal bristles. Wings hyaline, the furcation of the third vein slightly before the middle of the distance between the base of the second posterior cell and the small cross vein. Legs black (bases of tibiae reddish) with white hairs and black bristles in most cases but some have most or all of the bristles pale. Abdomen silvery-gray pollinose with white hairs, those on tergites 1-4 long and parted in the middle, those on 5 shorter, but still parted; 6 and 7 have only very short hairs. The eighth sternite is produced to about the length of the sixth tergite. Genitalia blackish with both black and pale short hairs, longer than segments 6 and 7 combined, narrow, some- what truncate at the tip from the side view. (Fig. 1.) 16 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society XXXV Female. Similar. Occipital, vertical and mesonotal bristles all or mostly pale. There are a number of pale bristles on the legs also. Ovipositor slender, black, slightly longer than segments 5, 6, and 7 combined. Holotype, male, Winslow, Ariz., June 13, 1937 (W. Benedict). Allotype , female, Santa Rita Mts., Ariz., May 9, 1937 (W. Benedict). (Both these types in University of Kansas Collection.) Paratypes, 3 males, 14 females, Santa Rita Mts., Ariz., May 9, 1937 (W. Benedict) ; 1 female, Winslow, Ariz., June 12, 1937 (W. Benedict) ; 2 males, 2 females, Baboquivari Mts., Ariz., Apr. 19, 19 37 (W. Benedict) ; 2 females, Grand Canyon, Ariz., June 12, I937 (W. Benedict) ; 2 females, Doney, Ariz., June 13, 1937 (W. Benedict) ; 1 female, Mustang Mts., Ariz., May 18, 1937 (W. Benedict) ; 1 male, Tuscon, Ariz., Apr. 24, 1937 (W. Benedict) ; 1 male, Douglas, Ariz., May 18, 1937 (W. Benedict). There is considerable variation in the proportion of black and yellow bristles on the vertex, occiput and legs. Some males, like most of the females, have these bristles all pale, while in a few in- stances there may be a stray black bristle or two on the scutellum. In some females there may be black bristles on the occiput. I have named this species in honor of W. Benedict who has col- lected a great many Asilidae as well as other insects for the Uni- versity of Kansas in the Southwest and who had obtained the entire series of this apparently overlooked species. Erax wilcoxi n. sp. Total length 10.5 mm. Described from a single male. A very small, unique species of the stramineus group, running in my Texas Key to pilosus Hine but differing in having the bristles of the posterior portion of the mesonotum black, the abdomen black banded and only sparsely haired, and in the shape of the genitalia. The furcation of the third vein is distinctly beyond the middle of the distance between the base of the second posterior cell and the small cross vein. The femora are black, the mystax and scutellum white-haired. Male. Head white pollinose, vestiture white, except distal portion of palpi where the hairs are black. Thorax gray-white pollinose, with more of a brownish tone above. Coxae and pleura with white hairs. Mesonotum with black hairs and bristles, except supra-alars which are pale yellow. Scutellum with pale hairs and bristles. Legs reddish with femora black. Wings hyaline, iridescent. Abdomen gray-white pollinose: Feb., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 17 tergites two, three, four, five and six with a black band ; hairs more sparse than in most members of stramineus group. Genitalia reddish-yellow with pale hairs. (Fig. 2.) Holotype , male, Uvalde, Texas, June 15, 1930 (J. O. Martin). (Calif. Acad. Sci.) I have named this unique species in honor of Mr. Joseph Wilcox of Alhambra, Calif., who has contributed so much to our knowledge of the Asilidae of the Western States. Asilus knulli n. sp. Total length 1 0-12. 5 mm. A small black species differing from A. citus Hine in that the legs and genitalia are all black. Male. Black, gray pollinose; the genitalia small, narrow- pointed, black. Face gray-white pollinose. Mystax whitish with a few black bristles above. Beard white. Vertex and occiput with black bristles. Legs black with fine pale hairs. Bristles of mesonotum black. Scutellars (2) black. Wings subhyaline, apex and posterior margin faintly gray. Female. Similar. Three scutellars in allotype, one black, two straw-colored. Holotype , male, Huachuca Mts., Ariz., July 20, 1936 (J. N. Knull). Allotype, female, same data. (Both types in Ohio State Uni- versity Coll.) Paratopotype, male, same data. Paratype, female, Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., July 26, 1937 (J. N. Knull) ; male, Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., July 14, 1938 (R. H. Beamer). This species is named in honor of Mr. Josef N. Knull, Curator of the Ohio State University Insect Collection. Asilus schuhi n. sp. Total length 14-17 mm. A black species almost completely grayish-white pollinose with completely black legs and four or more upright black bristles on the margin of the scutellum. Male. Pollen of the head whitish with a yellowish tinge. Mystax largely white but with a few black bristles in the upper portion. Beard white. Palpi with a few dark bristles. Bristles of vertex, antennae and occiput black. Antennae black, the third segment flattened, appearing linear from above, oval from the side. Arista curved outward, slightly shorter than the third segment. Thorax pale brownish-gray pollinose, giving an ashy appearance when viewed from a distance. 18 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society V oh XXXV Mesonotum with black hairs and bristles. Scutellum ashy- gray pollinose, with about six upturned black marginal bristles, disc of scutellum with pale hairs. Pleura with pale hairs, the hypopleura with a tuft of long whitish hairs. Coxae with white bristles. Legs black, densely covered with fine white hairs but the bristles black. Wings pale smoky brown, ab- domen gray pollinose, the median portions of the tergites with a distinct brownish tinge, hairs white. Hypopygium small, compact, piceous, with some black and some white hairs. Female. Similar, but with only four marginal scutellars. Ovipositor short, conical, black, slightly less in length than segments six and seven combined. Holotype, male, Parkclale, Ore., June 30, 1938 (E. Gray and J. Schuh) . Allotopotype , female, same data. (Both types in Oregon State College Coll.) Paratopotypes, 3 males, 1 female, same data. I am naming this species in honor of Mr. Joe Schuh, an active collector of Asilidae in Oregon. Asilus schuhi appears to be re- lated to A. callidus Will, from which it may be readily distinguished by the completely black legs and the ashy-gray pollinose condition of the entire body. Asilus floridensis n. sp. Total length 14-15 mm. A small dark brown species with the posterior aspect of the femora more or less reddish. The tibiae reddish with black tips and a black spot on the middle of the inner side. Runs to johnsoni Hine in Hine’s Key in Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., II, fig. 2, p. 144, 1909, but differs in being smaller and having the male genitalia black instead of dark red. Differs from prairiensis Tucker in having the occipital bristles black and the arista nearly as long as the third antennal segment. Male. Mystax straw-yellow, upper portion with black bristles. Beard pale straw-colored. Bristles of antennae, ver- tex, and occiput black. Arista nearly as long as third antennal segment. Thorax brownish pollinose with a black median line extending from pronotum to scutellum dividing into three thin lines posteriorly. Legs reddish, femora blackish, except distal fifth to third and the posterior aspects which are reddish. Tibiae reddish with tips black and a broad black spot at the middle of the inner aspect. Tarsal segments reddish with black tips. Hairs of coxae and pleura yellowish, bristles of leg Feb., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 19 black. Hairs and bristles of mesonotum black, scutellars (2) black. Posterior tibiae with three bristles on the anterior aspect. Wings pale reddish, subhyaline. Abdomen grayish brown pollinose, posterior and lateral margins of segments grayish pollinose. Genitalia black. (Fig. 3.) Holotype, male, Ocala, Fla., Nov. 5, 1932 (F. S. Blanton). (In S. W. Bromley Coll.) Paratopotype, male, same data. Asilus fattigi n. sp. Total length 23-26 mm. A large light brown species with red legs, related to antimachus Walker but differs in having the femora entirely reddish. Male. Mystax whitish with one or two black bristles above. Beard and genal hairs white. Occipital bristles black. Arista three-fourths the length of third antennal segment. Palpi very small, thinly haired with small dark pile. Mesonotum pale yellowish pollinose with a broad black median stripe and three dark lateral spots on each side. Scutellum yellowish pollinose with fine black hairs on disc and two long black bristles on margin. Wings long and broad, hyaline, the tip and posterior borders suffused with gray. Abdomen yellowish gray pol- linose, the tergites with darker dorsal areas. Bristles at sides of abdominal segments straw-colored. Legs red; knees, ex- treme tips of tibiae and of tarsal segments blackish. Bristles of legs black. Halteres yellowish. Genitalia black. (Fig. 4.) Female. Similar. Ovipositor conical, laterally compressed, slightly longer than segments six and seven together. Holotype and Allotopotype , male and female, both on same pin. Spring Creek, Ga., May 18-21, 1916. (J. C. Bradley.) (In Cornell University Coll.) Paratype, male, Savannah, Ga., May 24, 1931. I take pleasure in naming this species in honor of Prof. P. W. Fattig of Emory University, Ga., who has worked extensively on faunal lists of Georgia. Asilus blantoni n. sp. Total length 16-21 mm. A grayish species with two to four black marginal scutellars, arista of antenna about three-fourths the length of the third segment, and two bristles on anterior aspect of hind tibiae. Related to notatus Wied. but differs in having the tips of the femora largely red, the tibiae and tarsi mostly reddish, 20 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XZXV Explanation of Figures. (Lateral aspect of Male genitalia.) Fig. i. Erax henedicti new species. Fig. 2. Erax wilcoxi new species. Fig. 3. Asilus floridensis new species. Fig. 4. Asilus jattigi new species. Fig. 5. Asilus hlantoni new species. and in bearing long fine white pile on the under sides of the two anterior pairs of femora. Male. Mystax with thick interior hair, pale straw yellow: outside bristles blackish. Beard white, palpal hairs and bristles of vertex and occiput black. Thorax grayish pollinose. Mesonotum with median black stripe tapering posteriorly and fading before the scutellum is reached ; the lateral spots are large and confluent. Hairs and bristles of mesonotum black. Scutellum gray pollinose with usually four long black marginal bristles. Hairs and bristles of pleura and coxae whitish. Wings grayish, subhyaline, interior of cells grayish. Halteres Feb., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 21 pale yellowish red. Bristles of legs black. Femora black with tips broadly reddish and with long thin pile on the under sides. Tibiae reddish, extreme tips black; tarsi reddish with tips black. Abdomen brownish black, posterior margins some- what grayish pollinose. Genitalia (Fig. 5) blackish, more compact than in no tat us. Female. Similar. Ovipositor conical, laterally compressed, about equal in length to segments six plus seven. Holotype, male, Bratt, Fla., April 1, 1933 (Alton Blanton). Allotopotype , female, April 11, 1933. (In S. W. Bromley Collection. ) Paratopotypes, 4 males, 4 females, Apr. 1-11, 1933 (Alton Blan- ton). This species is named in honor of the Blanton brothers, F. S. and Alton, both having collected extensively in Florida, the former an authority on the Trypaneidae. Another Mantispa Reared. — In a pasture at Bethany, Conn., on August 15, 1939, I collected from under stones several females of Gnaphosa muscorum (L. Koch) guarding their egg sacs. On the chance that parasites were within, these sacs as well as those from other spiders were set aside for further observation. On Sep- tember 1 a callow specimen of Mantispa interrupta Say was found to have emerged from a pupal skin on the outside of one of the egg sacs. This skin, and the manner of emergence of the imago were similar to those already described by me for M. fusicornis Banks, (1938 J. New York Ent. Soc., XLVI : 147-153). Like the pupal cocoon of fusicornis , this one was greenish, loosely woven, and had spider egg shells adhering to it. Hungerford’s observation (1939 Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., XXXIV : 265) makes it practically certain that my specimen of fusicornis originated in Michigan, not Connecticut. Therefore, my rearing of interrupta constitutes the first Connecticut record for a species of Mantispa. — B. J. Kaston, Brenau College, Gainesville, Ga. 22 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxv NEW SPECIES OF BEES OF THE GENUS DIADASIA FROM CALIFORNIA (HYMENOPTERA, APOIDEA). By P. H. Timberlake, Riverside, California. D iadasia lutzi Ckll . Through the courtesy of Doctor Cockerell I have had the privi- lege of examining paratypes of this species from Green River, Wyoming (Lutz). Unexpectedly, lutzi proves to be very similar to two forms of Diadasia found on the deserts of California, and because of the close agreement in most characters it seems advisable to regard the latter as races of lutzi. The males of the three forms are extremely similar, but I find small differences in the genitalia, which, however, appear not to be entirely constant between the two California races. The females are more easily separated, but the differences are chiefly in color of the pubescence, although the clypeus in the California races is much more closely punctured than in lutzi. Diadasia lutzi difficilis n. subsp. Male. — Like lutzi , but teeth at apex of tergite 7 finer and not divergent. Genitalia similar except as follows : Inferior apical appendage of stipites less acuminate at apex and curvature of its outer margin forming a much shorter arc restricted to basal third. Superior apical appendage much smaller than in lutzi, about one-fifth to one-fourth as long as inferior appendage. Hair of abdomen erect, moderately long and dense, that at apex of tergites 2 to 6 depressed and forming a narrow white band. Hair on basal half, or more, of tergites 3 to 6 and all on 7, except marginal fringe, black. Some of the long erect hair just preceding apical band on 3 to 6 light, whereas in lutzi the white hair is more definitely restricted to the depressed apical band. Hair of venter mainly light, but fuscous on blackish on ventrites 4 and 5 except apical fringe. (Hair of venter in lutzi nearly all dark.) Pile of ventrite 6 blackish, rather dense across apical margin and forming a dense longer tuft on each side at base, just as in lutzi. Pubescence on upper parts of head and thorax varying from pale fulvo-ochraceous to nearly cinereous. Apex of hind tibiae beneath with a weak blunt lobe over base of spurs. Length, 7-8.5 mm. ; anterior wing, 5.6— 6.2 mm. Female. — General appearance almost exactly as in lutzi but Feb., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 23 differing as follows: Punctures of clypeus much closer, more or less sulcate, the surface comparatively rugose. Apical margin of tergites very narrowly whitish hyaline beneath the bands. Pubescence whitish, usually becoming pale brownish ochraceous on mesonotum. Hair at base of tergites 2 to 4 and to a less extent at base of 5, black, but that on 2 sometimes nearly all light. (Abdomen in lutzi has no dark hair except at apex and beneath.) Apical bands as seen from above under a lens broadening in middle, not sharply defined, but appear- ing to naked eye narrow, white and marginal. Hair of venter mainly black, but apical fringe of ventrites 3 and 4 more or less white on each side. Scopa of hind legs brownish fuscous, sometimes a little paler beneath. Length, 8-9 mm. ; anterior wing, 6-6.2 mm. Holotype male and allotype, mouth of Andreas Canyon, near Palm Springs, California, at flowers of Sphaeralcea ambigua, March 24, 1933 (Timberlake). The following are paratypes: 11 males, 4 females, at same flower and place, March 24 to April 24; 3 males, near mouth of Murray Canyon, at same flower, March 21 ; 1 male, Palm Canyon, on Sphaeralcea rosacea , March 25 ; 1 male, near Westmoreland, on Sphaeralcea orcutti, May 31; 1 female, Cave Springs, San Bernardino County, on Sphaeralcea ambigua, April 30; 3 males, Tolleson, Arizona, on Sphaeralcea, May 29 (all Timberlake) ; and 1 male, San Quentin, Lower California, April 10 (B. J. Hall). The following paratypes were collected by C. D. Michener and belong in his collection: 1 male, Andreas Canyon, April 10; 1 female, 15 miles south of Twenty-nine Palms, April 14; and 2 males, 2 females, Westgard Pass, Inyo County, males col- lected May 27, the females June 15 at summit. All the Michener specimens at flowers of Sphaeralcea ambigua. Diadasia lutzi deserticola n. subsp. Male. — Not distinguishable from difficilis except by the genitalia. Inferior apical appendages of stipites narrow, slightly dilated at base and slightly tapering to apex. Superior apical appendage smaller than in difficilis, hardly more than one-sixth as long as inferior appendage. Length, 7-8.5 mm.; anterior wing, 5.5-6 mm. Female. — Differs from difficilis in having the light hair of abdomen ochraceous instead of white, and very little black hair at base of tergites 2 to 4. The black usually restricted to the coarser, erect, interspersed hairs, although in one specimen there is a small amount of depressed black hair at extreme base 24 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxv of tergites 3 and 4. From lutzi it differs in the much closer, more sulcate puncturation of clypeus and the ochraceous hair of tergites, interspersed on the base of the segments with erect dark hairs. The apical bands are dense but grade insensibly into the thinner hair covering disk of tergites. Scopa of hind legs with much more light hair on underside than in either lutzi or difficilis. Length, 7-8 mm. ; anterior wing, 5.8-6 mm. Described from 5 males, 3 females (holotype male, allotype and paratypes), Salt Creek, Chocolate Mountains, Imperial County, California, at flowers of Sphaeralcea ambigua, March 19 and 20, 1927 (Timberlake). One of the paratype males has genitalia practically as in difficilis, and another has them somewhat intermediate. This subspecies is evidently a local race that may prove to be restricted to the Choco- late Mountains on the east side of the Salton Sink. Diadasia vallicola n. sp. Most similar to D. afflicta (Cress.), but hair of abdomen longer, the pale hair-bands appearing wider when viewed from the side, as some of the long as well as the shorter depressed apical hair is whitish, and differing also decidedly in the male genitalia. Male. — Black, the tarsi rufescent, spurs testaceous. Flagel- lum brown beneath except at base. Tegulae ferruginous, darker at base. Wings nearly clear hyaline. Nervures brown- ish fuscous, the middle of stigma ferruginous. Head broader than long, the inner orbits divergent above. Third antennal joint nearly equally 4+5, the middle joints of flagellum as long as wide. Head and thorax shining, finely and closely punc- tured. Punctures on cheeks and on each side of vertex very fine and weak. A large impunctate area on each side of ver- tex, just exterior to the lateral ocelli. Posterior middle of mesocutum more or less sparsely punctured. Basal area of propodeum polished. Middle and hind femora and tibiae moderately incrassate, the hind tibiae less swollen than in afflicta , with a shorter, less distinct basal neck. Under side of hind tibiae not lobate at apex over base of spurs. Spurs weakly hooked at apex. Two apical teeth of tergite 7 small, hardly differing from afflicta. Pubescence brownish to pale ochraceous, paler or whitish beneath, moderately long and dense on head and thorax, but area between upper ends of eyes nearly nude. Hair on outer side of tibiae rather dense, denser than in afflicta. Hair of abdomen rather long and erect, be- coming shorter and depressed at apex of tergites 2 to 5, and Feb., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 25 shorter across the base of 2 to 6. Hair of tergites 1 and 2 entirely light, not appreciably longer on the base of 1, as it is in afflicta and other species. Hair on basal half, more or less, of tergites 3 to 6 black, the remaining hair ochraceous or whit- ish, the apical band consequently not sharply defined because of the light long erect hair preceding it. Hair of tergite 7 more or less black on disk and ochraceous at margins. Hair of venter light, especially the apical fringes, but with much brown or fuscous hair on disk of ventrites 4 and 5. Ventrite 6 covered with short erect brown pile, which becomes about twice as long but hardly denser to form an inconspicuous tuft on each side at base. (In afflicta the pile of ventrite 6 is uni- formly short.) Length, about 9 mm.; anterior wing, 6.9-7. 1 mm. Holotype male at flowers of Sphaeralcea orcutti , near Westmore- land, Imperial County, California, May 31, 1930 (Timberlake) . Also 3 male paratypes from Arizona, all on Sphaeralcea: One at Tolleson, May 28, 1933 (Timberlake), one at Wickenburg, March 30, 1934 (Timberlake), and one on the Silverbell road, 12 miles west of Rillito, May 2-5, 1935 (A. J. Basinger). The Arizona specimens have darker tarsi and tegulae than the type. Diadasia martialis n. sp. Allied to D. nitidifrons Ckll., but basal area of propodeum polished, the base of tergites with much more black hair, the light apical bands better developed and mesoscutum almost uni- formly and rather closely punctured, instead of subimpunctate on the posterior middle. The females are more similar than the males, but distinguishable by the sculpture of the basal area and mesoscutum. From D. consociata Timb. it differs in larger size and longer, more erect pubescence. Male. — Black, the tarsi refuscent. Spurs ferruginous. Flagellum sometimes reddened beneath. Tegulae either almost black, or more or less rufescent especially on outer margin. Wings dusky hyaline, the nervures black. Head distinctly broader than long, the inner orbits diverging above. Third antennal joint slightly shorter than 4+5, the middle joints of flagellum as long as wide. Middle and hind femora and tibiae moderately incrassate. Hind tibiae produced at apex beneath in a short blunt lobe over insertion of spurs. Hind basitarsi curved as usual, the apex slightly dilated and truncate. Apical teeth of tergite 7 varying from short and 26 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXV blunt to rather long and slender. Apical margin of ventrite 5 emarginate at middle. Head and thorax shining, finely, rather closely punctured, most closely on the face and clypeus. Sides of vertex more minutely punctured, with a large impunctate space just exterior to lateral ocelli. Punctures of mesoscutum almost uniformly spaced, those on anterior part of scutellum a little sparser. Basal area of propodeum polished. Pubes- cence rather long and dense, ochraceous, becoming almost white on face, under parts and front femora. Area between upper ends of eyes nearly nude as usual. Hair of mesonotum erect, uniform in length and density. Hair of abdomen erect, but not quite as long and shaggy as in nitidifrons. Depressed hair at apex of tergites 2 to 5 forming a narrow even pale ochraceous or whitish band. Band at apex of 6 broader, more ochraceous. Basal half, or a little more, of tergites 3 to 6 covered with black hair, and the hair of the remainder of disk long and ochraceous. Hair of tergite 7 dark ferruginous, ap- pearing black in some aspects, becoming more or less paler at apex. Hair of venter sometimes entirely ochraceous except on last segment, or with more or less brownish or fuscous hair on ventrites 3 to 5. Ventrite 6 with dense, moderately long, erect, fuscous pile on apical half. Hair on outer side of tibiae and basitarsi rather dense and ochraceous. Length, 8-10 mm. ; anterior wing, 7. 1-7.8 mm. Female. — Much like the male. Mandibles sometimes with a large testaceous yellow spot near apex. Clypeus moderately coarsely and closely punctured. Pubescence similar, but be- coming short, rather thin and appressed on middle of mesoscu- tum. Hair of abdomen mainly appressed, except at base of first tergite. More than basal half of tergites 2 to 4 and base of 5 with black hair. Apical bands on 1 to 4 ochraceous or white, rather broad, widening on middle of 3 and 4. Tergite 5 with a broad light band. Hair on apical margin of 5 and on sides of 6 dark ferruginous or black. Hair of venter black except at sides. Scopa of hind legs ochraceous, sometimes a little infuscated above and on basitarsi. Hair on inner side of hind basitarsi dark ferruginous or black. Hair on under side of front femora long, moderately dense, nearly white, that on inner side of front basitarsi ferruginous. Length, 8-9 mm. ; anterior wing, 6.2-7. 2 mm. Described from 5 males, 3 females (holotype male, allotype and paratypes) collected at Salt Creek, Chocolate Mountains, Imperial County, California, at flowers of Sphaeralcea ambigua, March 19- 20, 1927 (Timberlake). Also the following paratypes: 6 males, Feb., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 27 2 females, Palm Canyon, Riverside County, on Sphaeralcea rosacea, March 25 ; 1 female, near Murray Canyon, on Sphaeralcea ambigua, March 21 ; 8 males, near mouth of Andreas Canyon, on same flower, April 19 and 22 ; 1 male, La Quinta, on Sphaeralcea rosacea, April 24; 2 females, 28 miles south of Twenty-nine Palms, on Sphaeralcea ambigua, April 14, (all Timberlake) ; 2 males, Tahquitz Canyon, near Palm Springs, on Larrea divaricata, March 24 (C. M. Dammers) ; and 1 female, mouth of Andreas Canyon, on Sphaeral- cea ambigua, April 10 (C. D. Michener) in Michener collection. Diadasia palmarum n. sp. Allied to D. lutzi Ckll., but larger, hair of abdomen more depressed, that of seventh tergite usually light, and sixth ventrite with short dense pile at apex, nude across the middle and with a large dense brush of hair on each side of base nearly meeting in the middle. The female differs from lutzi in hav- ing finer closer punctures on the clypeus, scopa much paler, and hair at apex of abdomen ferruginous or chocolate brown. Male. — Black, the tarsi and under side of flagellum rufes- cent. Small joints of tarsi, more or less, and spurs ferrugi- nous. Tegulae piceous, or more or less refuscent on outer margin. Wings dusky hyaline, nervures piceous. Head broader than long, inner orbits divergent above. Third anten- nal joint nearly equalling 4+5, the middle joints of flagellum as long as wide. Middle and hind femora and tibiae moder- ately incrassate. Hind tibiae not lobate beneath at apex. Hind basitarsi curved as usual, very obliquely truncate at apex. Head and thorax finely and closely punctured, the punctures weaker as usual on vertex. A small impunctate area just exterior to each posterior ocellus. Punctures of pleura and posterior part of mesoscutum sparser, with an impunctate space on each side of the posterior middle of the latter. Basal area of propodeum polished. Apical teeth of seventh tergite short and blunt, separated by a space equal to, or much less than, their own width. Pubescence ochraceous, paler be- neath, rather long and dense on head and thorax. Space between upper ends of eyes nearly nude. Pubescence of abdo- men ochraceous, black on basal half of tergites 3 to 6, the appressed apical band on 2 to 6 narrow and more or less whit- ish. Hair of tergites 1 and 2 erect, that on following segments somewhat depressed, especially on basal half. Hair of tergite 7 usually light, sometimes black at base. Hair of venter light, but tinged with brown on ventrite 6, that on 5 and base of 6 28 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXV very dense. Hair of legs ochraceous, more whitish on front pair, that on outer side of tibiae and basitarsi rather dense. Length, 9-10 mm. ; anterior wing, 6.8-7. 5 mm- Female. — Similar to male. Mandibles sometimes with a testaceous yellow mark subapically. Punctures of clypeus a little coarser than those of frons and rather denser. Posterior middle of mesoscutum nude and impunctate. Pubescence pale ochraceous, or cinereous, mainly depressed on abdpmen except at base of first tergite. Hair on basal half of tergites 3 to 5 black. Apical band on 1 to 4 broad, whitish, slightly emargi- nate on each side anteriorly on 3 and 4. Apical band on tergite 5 and hair on sides of 6 ferruginous or chocolate brown. Hair of venter brown, the apical fringe of ventrite 4 and that of 3 on each side, white. Scopa of hind legs ochraceous, slightly tinged with brown, especially on basitarsi. Hair on inner side of basitarsi dark ferruginous or blackish. Long hair on under side of front femora moderately dense and whitish. Length, 8-10 mm. ; anterior wing, 6.6-7 mm- Described from 10 males, 9 females (holotype male, allotype and paratypes) taken near mouth of Andreas Canyon, Riverside County, California, all at flowers of Sphaeralcea amhigua, except one female on Eriogonum fasciculatum, var. polifolium , March 24 to April 24; and 1 male (paratype) on Sphaeralcea rosacea, La Quinta, April 24 (Timberlake) . Diadasia australis californica n. subsp. This subspecies of D. australis (Cress.) has formerly been con- fused with D. opuntiae Ckll. and some records and many determina- tions of opuntiae belong with californica. D. opuntiae was de- scribed from the female from San Pedro, California, and the male has been described recently and associated with the female by Doctor Cockerell. It appears to be confined to a narrow coastal strip from San Diego northward to Santa Barbara and also occurs on some of the islands. D. australis californica occupies a more interior area and extends to both deserts. Female. — Differs from typical australis from Colorado in having more or less black or fuscous hair at base of tergites 2 to 4, the pale hair being confined to a broad apical band more or less widened in the middle. The pubescence in general and especially that of the mesonotum usually has a brighter and more fulvous tinge than in australis. The dorsal half of scopa of hind legs tinged with pale brown. The pubescence and banding of abdomen that easily separates it from australis Feb., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29 causes difficulty, however, in its separation from either D. opuntiae Ckll., or D. rinconis Ckll. From opuntiae it differs in having a smaller, more funnel-shaped and duller enclosure on the propodeum. The pubescence and puncturation of the mesoscutum also a little less dense. From rinconis it probably can not in all cases be distinguished with certainty, but the average size is distinctly larger and the pubescence more tinged with fulvous. (The pubescence in rinconis strongly verges to cinereous.) Third antennal joint somewhat more than twice as long as its apical thickness and a little longer than joints 4 and 5 combined. (In rinconis joint 3 about twice as long as its apical thickness and equal or subequal to 4+5.) The lateral part of vertex between the ocelli and nearest eye margin minutely tessellate and very finely punctured. (In rinconis this area is polished and there is a large impunctate space on each side extending obliquely outward from the lateral ocellus to the summit of the eye.) Pubescence of scutellum and pos- terior part of mesoscutum a little longer and less depressed than in rinconis. In rinconis the pale hair band on tergite 2 extends broadly forward to the base on each lateral margin. In calif ornica these lateral extensions of the band are less marked. The hind knee plate of calif ornica on the average is narrower and has a straighter posterior margin than in rin- conis. Length, 12-14 mm. ; anterior wing, 8.8-10 mm. Male. — Agrees structurally with D. australis (Cress.) and is hardly distinguishable except that it averages larger in size and usually has a brighter and more fulvo-ochraceous pubescence. It differs from D. opuntiae in the duller enclosure of pro- podeum and the comma-shaped process on hind basitarsi. (In opuntiae this process is evenly expanded and rounded at apex and reaches about the middle of following joint.) From D. rinconis it differs in its average larger size and usually brighter pubescence and is distinguished with certainty by the genitalia. In californica the inferior apical process of stipites is comparatively slender, somewhat ovally expanded toward the apex and depressed throughout. In rinconis the process is broadly dilated on apical half, distinctly thickened dorso-ventrally on basal part and abruptly depressed just be- yond the beginning of the expansion into a thin laminate plate. Length, 10-15 mm- (only exceptionally under 12 mm.) ; anterior wing 8.2—11.5 mm. The following specimens are paratypes except the holotype female and allotype as specified below: 36 females, 33 males (in- cluding holotype and allotype), Riverside, California, April 11 to 30 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxv June 9, all at flowers of Opuntia, except three at nests in ground, and one male each on Rhaphanus sativus , Convolvulus occidentalis and M esembryanthemum chilense; i male, i female, Whittier and Puente Hills, May 8 and June 24, on Opuntia lift oralis; 3 males, 2 females, Claremont (Baker) and 1 male, 1 female, June 23 (D. W. Clancy) ; 1 male, two miles west of Perris, April 13, on Astragalus pomonensis ; 3 males, 1 female, the Gavilan, on Opuntia, May 26 (C. M. Dammers), 1 male, June 10 (Dammers), 1 male, June 2, on Helianthus gracilentus, and 5 females on Salvia carduacea (not collecting pollen), May 31; 1 male, 1 female, four miles south of Fallbrook, June 24, on Opuntia occidentalis ; 1 male, 1 female, San Bernardino, on Opuntia, May 12 (Dammers) ; 3 males, Forest Home, San Bernardino Mts., on Cirsium calif ornicum, June 6; 1 male, Lytle Creek, on Opuntia, June 6; 1 male, near Banning, on Opuntia basilaris, April 23 ; 2 males, Whitewater Canyon, on Opuntia basilaris and Cereus engelmannii, April 25 ; 1 male, Andreas Canyon, on Sphaeralcea ambigua, March 24, 1 female on Opuntia echinocarpa, April 24; 2 males, Palm Canyon (Riverside County), March 9 (H. S. Smith) ; 1 male, six miles south of Morongo, on Echinocactus acanthodes, April 22; 1 male, Mohave Desert, south of the Arawatz Mts., on Aster abatus, April 30; 2 females, Barstow, on Opuntia, May 10 (Cockerell) ; and 1 male, 1 female, Alberhill, on Opuntia, May 30 (Dammers). Also the fol- lowing in collection of C. D. Michener: 4 males, 4 females, River- side, on Opuntia, April 12 to May 7; 1 male, 1 female, Altadena, on Opuntia, June 1 (Michener) ; 1 male, Eagle Rock Hills, on Cirsium, June 22 (Michener) ; 1 male, seven miles south of Whitewater, on Echinocactus acanthodes, April 13 (Michener) ; 2 females, Ma- zourka Canyon, Inyo Mts., on Opuntia basilaris, May 25 (Mich- ener) ; and 1 male, fifteen miles northwest of Lone Pine, Inyo County, on Opuntia, May 21 (Michener). Of the specimens re- corded above all not otherwise specified were collected by the writer. Another female from Inyo County is not made a paratype as it shows the characters of typical australis. This was collected at the summit of Westgard Pass, on Opuntia, June 15 (Michener). It is also interesting to note that a female of australis collected by Michener at Boulder, Colorado, July 6, shows the apical bands and dark basal hair on the tergites, that are characteristic of calif ornica. Have you sent in your subscription ? Prompt payment helps the treasury. Feb., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 31 BOOK NOTES Destructive and Useful Insects, Their Habits and Control, by C. L. Metcalf and W. P. Flint; pp. i-xiii — 1-981, figs. 1-584. Second Edition. 1939. (McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. $7.50.) The authors in the Preface to this second edition make two state- ments, which better characterize this great work than any words of ours. “Such sweeping changes have taken place in entomo- logical practices in the more than a decade since the first edition of Destructive and Useful Insects appeared, that a complete revision, essentially a rewriting of the book, has been demanded/’ “Of the 918 pages of the original edition, only a few remain unchanged in the present edition. Much new material has been added, and this edition contains about twenty per cent more material than the first edition.” One innovation which merits special comment is the keys to the immature stages of insects. This work is essentially an economic entomology on a big scale. In it are to be found the latest knowledge about injurious insects and the tested methods for their control. The first two chapters discuss the relation of insects to man, and the following five their characteristics, morphology, classification and biology. The fol- lowing fifteen chapters are on the control of insects and its methods ; and the injuries done by insects classified according to crop anl product. The index runs to 71 pages, a very useful feature. As I see it, while it is work of primary interest to economic entomologists, it is so full of general information not otherwise readily accessible, that general entomologists, even high specialists in stated orders, will find it an extremely useful book for reference. It is a complement to Folsom and Wardle’s classic on Insect Ecology. J. R. T.-B. A Glossary of Biological Terms, by Cyril E. Abbott; pp. 3:— 54, 3 plates not numbered. (Privately printed by the author, Searcy, Ark. 25 cents.) It seems as though this writer were destined to review word- books. This paper-bound i2mo is intended for students in ele- mentary courses in biology. The author specifically disclaims any aim to completeness, in view of its users, thus entirely disarming the reviewer. It may be said, however, that to the earnest student it may be but an appetizer for more extensive — and expensive — works. But we do not wish the author the laborious task of writ- ing a complete biological dictionary. J. R. T.-B. 32 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XXXV German-English Science Dictionary for Students in Agri- cultural, Biological and Physical Sciences, by Louis De Vries. Pp. i-x, 1-473. (McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. $3.00.) Here we have one of the most useful works for biologists recently published. While it is true that all American workers in the bio- logical sciences should know the German and other foreign lan- guages, it is also true that few have a complete mastery of any. Most of us can wade our way through a German text in our field, until we meet with some term unknown to us. Then we have re- course to a standard dictionary, only to find either that the term we want is not there; or if it is, it is in a literary acceptation, or else it does not cover the specialized meaning we are looking for. At this point, Dr. De Vries’ work becomes of inestimable value, for it lists 48,000 words and terms. The author says, however “This dictionary of 48,000 entries cannot . . . make a claim to com- pleteness. . . .” But he asks for corrections or additions. Here are a few of the latter culled from a 6-line paragraph in Fieber’s Europaischen Hemiptera: Jochstiicke, Schwiele, Keulig, Fiihler- wurzel, Schienbeine; he defined Stirnschwiele as “frontal callus” only — in the Heteroptera, it should be “tylus.” Apparently, Dr. De Vries did not have at hand that invaluable work “Terminologia Entomologica” of Julius Muller — at least, it is not listed among the references. With regard to the references, in subsequent editions it might be well to add to these the date and publisher. My own ideas of format and binding are exemplified in the “Glossary of Entomology.” Of course, the McGraw-Hill Book Co. followed standard practice for dictionaries in the 8-point type, 2-column page. The binding might also be more flexible. But these are minor matters, which in no way detract from the credit due the author for the endless, painstaking labor of prepar- ing such a work as this ; nor from the general excellence and use- fulness of the dictionary. No lexicon or word-book will ever com- pletely satisfy its maker— so many things undone stare him in the face when it is in print. Every entomologist working with the German literature in his field should have the dictionary at his elbow for constant reference. He cannot do without it, even though he know German thoroughly. Its very modest price puts it within reach of all. Both Dr. De Vries and the McGraw-Hill Company merit un- stinted recognition and praise for this most excellent addition to the tools of the biologist. J. R. T.-B. Feb., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 33 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. Meeting of November io, 1938. A regular meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held at the Brooklyn Museum on Thursday, November 10, 1938. President William T. Davis presided, calling the meeting to order at 8:10 P.M. Nine other members were present, viz., Dr. Die- trich, Dr. Tulloch, and Messrs. Buchholz, Dietz, Engelhardt, McElvare, Shoemaker, Siepmann and Steelier ; also 'eight visitors, Mr. W. S. McAlpine of Birmingham, Michigan; Messrs. John J. Bowe, John Elfstrom, Albert Gaul, John C. Pallister, and Miss Harlbut, Mrs. Dietrich, and Mrs. Pallister. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. An informal report was presented by the Treasurer. Mr. McElvare showed a copy of the recently published List of the Insects of North Carolina, by Brimley. He also said that there is a record of the moth Schinia tuherculum being taken at Coram, Long Island, N. Y., on August 18, 1920, in the National Museum records, but it does not appear in the New York State List. Mr. McElvare himself went to Coram on August 28, 1938, and took a series of this moth. It is a day-flying species, and is found on the flowers of the yellow aster. Mr. John Elfstrom reported finding the remains of a Scaphinotus viduus (Coleoptera-Carabidae) at Richmond Hill, Staten Island, New York, on September 25, 1938. He had previously reported the capture of a living specimen at the same locality. The unusually warm autumn and its effect on insects was a point of interest discussed by various members. Up to the date of the meeting there had been no killing frost in the vicinity of New York City. A second brood of Cynthia was reported, but this brood probably does not propagate. Dr. Tulloch reported that in one area on Long Island he had found Anopheles larvae very common, which were more numerous than any other species of mosquito. The common opinion is that Anopheles are no longer very common on Long Island. Mr. Davis spoke on the Cicadas mentioned or described in his recent paper on this group, published in the Journal of the New York Entomological Society. This was his thirtieth paper on Ci- cadas. He illustrated his talk with specimens, showing also sev- eral specimens of the Tachinid fly, Coenomyia pallida, taken at Clove Valley, Staten Island, N. Y., and in Eastern Pennsylvania, in close association with emerging Cicadas. This fly has been 34 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.xxxv known to feed on coleopterous larvae, but it has not definitely been seen feeding on Cicadas. Mr. Engelhardt also collected a species of Coenomyia at Palo Alto, near Chicago. Both speakers com- mented upon the characteristic and persistent odor of this fly, some- what like that of slippery elm, which is communicated to the boxes and specimens with which it may be brought into contact. Mr. Engelhardt exhibited specimens of the Satin Moth, Stilp- notia salicis , and the tent-caterpillar moth, Malacosoma species, which, he remarked, were encountered in enormous numbers swarming about the glaring blue argon lights, illuminating store windows on one of the principal streets in the city of Seattle, Washington, on a night in late July. They were an annoyance, causing passers-by to dodge and detour across the street to avoid contacts. The attraction of insects to lights of other colors, red, orange or white, it was ascertained, was almost negative. A more detailed note on this observation has been submitted for publica- tion in the Bulletin. Mr. Engelhardt also showed a pair of the hawkmoth, Smerinthus cerisyi, from Seattle, found in copulation. The sexual color con- trast is striking, the male very dark and the much larger female light tawny. Returned to his home in Westchester Co., New York, Mr. Engelhardt noted during October the almost total absence of insects about the tungsten lights, now replacing so generally the former carbon lights, which used to afford such big hauls to collectors. An exception to this negative response was observed along the Bronx River Parkway, where the tungsten lights are suffused by globular, ground glass shades. Following a warm night, on the morning of October 15, numerous moths, beetles, etc., were seen resting on the poles and fixtures. The geometrid moth, Ennomos magnarius was most common, sometimes ten or more to a light. Next common was the lasiocampid moth, Tolype velleda, otherwise rarely encountered for some years past. Mr. McAlpine commented briefly upon collecting conditions in Michigan. He said that a number of southern species follow the shore line of Lake Michigan northward. He said his chief interest was in the life history of butterflies, especially the metal marks, in which group very little has been done. The meeting adjourned at 9: 50 P.M. Carl Geo. Siepmann, Secretary. Feb., 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 35 Meeting of December 15, 1938. A regular meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held at the Brooklyn Museum, on Thursday, December 15, 1938. President William T. Davis, presiding, called the meeting to order at 8: 15 P.M. Ten other members were present, viz., Dr. Dietrich and Dr. Tulloch, and Messrs. Buchholz, Dietz, Engelhardt, McEl- vare, Nicolay, Shoemaker, Siepmann and Stecher, also Messrs. John J. Bowe, A. T. Gaul, John C. Pallister, Richard F. Watt, and Mrs. Dietrich and Mrs. Pallister. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved, and a brief report was presented by the Treasurer. A nominating committee, to consist of Mr. Shoemaker, as chairman, Dr. Dietrich, and Mr. Nicolay, was appointed by the president. Mr. Siepmann exhibited specimens of the Histerid beetle, Che- lyoxenus xerobatis Hubb. which is found in the nests of the Gopher Tortoise, and read an account of its habits from a paper by Henry G. Hubbard in Insect Life, Volume VI, p. 302-315, published in 1894. Mr. Siepmann commented that many species of Histeridae were found in the nests of mammals, birds, ants and termites. Mr. William T. Davis exhibited a specimen of cockroach of large size, taken in the Bird House of the Bronx Park by Mr. George F. McKenna of the Boyce Thompson Institute. It was a specimen of Leucophaea maderae Fabr., the Madera Cockroach, and is a new record for New York State. The species is common in the West Indies, and is often found in dwellings. The Surinam Cockroach, another introduced species, is found in the Reptile House of the Bronx Park, but the males are seldom found. The male in Mr. Davis’s collection is the only male taken in North America. It is possible that the males are born early in the year, and live but a short time, and this would account for their scarcity in collections. Mr. Engelhardt spoke on his collecting trip to Alaska last sum- mer. His paper will be published separately in the Bulletin. The meeting adjourned at 10: 50 P.M. Carl Geo. Siepmann, Secretary. Notice to Authors. — We have on hand a large number of long papers. We cannot accept more for publication before October or December of this year. — Editor. EXCHANGES This one page is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of articles for sale. Notices not exceeding THREE lines free to subscribers. Over lines charged for at 15 cents per line per insertion. Old notices will be discontinued as space for new ones is needed. DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA. — Have many desirable west- ern species to exchange, including Argynnis at ossa, mac aria, mor- monia, malcolmi, nokomis; Melitaea neumoegeni; Lycaena speci- osa; etc. Send lists. Dr. John A. Comstock, Los Angeles Mu- seum, Exposition Park, Los Angeles, Calif. BUY OR EXCHANGE: Pinned Microlepidoptera and papered Pieridae of North America. Full data with all specimens. Named material of all groups offered. Alexander B. Klots, College of the City of New York, New York City. EXCHANGE OR FOR SALE. — Catocala herodias (Ger- hardi), Graptolitha viridipallens and others. Wanted: Rare N. A. Macro-Lepidoptera. F. Lemmer, Lakehurst, N. J. WANTED. — North American CHRYSIDIDAE for exchange or determination, with privilege of retaining duplicates. W. G. Bodenstein, Dept. Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. PENTATOMIDAE : Want to buy or exchange Petatomidae from the United States and Mexico. Herbert Ruckes, College of the City of New York, 17 Lexington Ave. N.Y.C. ACALYPTRATE DIPTERA OF THE WORLD wanted for determination or in exchange for other insects. Geo. Steyskal, 23341 Puritan Ave., Detroit, Mich. LOCALITY LABELS. — 3J or 4 point type; 40c per five hun- dred, 60c per thousand, 40c for each additional thousand, same type. Type labels on colored paper 10c extra. Good paper, clean work, no trimming. The Nature Co., Box 388, Lawrence, Kansas. Vol. XXXV APRIL, 1940 BULLETIN No. 2 OF THE Brooklyn Entomological PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor CARL GEO. SIEPMANN GEO. P. ENGELHARDT Published for the Society by The Science Press Printing Company, N. Queen St. and McGovern Ave., Lancaster, Pa., Price, 60 cents Subscription, $2.50 per year Mailed April 12, 1940 Entered as second-class matter January 21, 1919, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879 The Brooklyn Entomological Society Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1938 Honorary President CHARLES W. LENG President W. T. DAVIS Vice-President B. B. McElvare Recording Secretary CARL GEO. SIEPMANN Corresponding Secretary FREDERICK LEMMER Treasurer G. P. ENGELHARDT 28 Clubway Hartsdale, N. Y. Librarian H. E. WILFORD Curator J. M. SHERIDAN Delegate to Council of New Yorlc Academy of Sciences G. P. ENGELHARDT CONTENTS DISTRIBUTION AND FOODPLANTS OF MASARIDINAE AND GA YELL I NAE, Bequaert 37 FOODPLANT OF COREID, J. R. de la Torre-Bueno 45 ALLOTYPE OF CALOSATURNIA ALBOFASCIATA, Johnson 46 DUPLICATION OF ANTENNAE IN DIPT ER A, James 50 ADDITIONS TO SYNOPSIS OF HETEROPTERA, J. R. de la Torre- Bueno 51 INSECTS REARED FROM ELM BARK AND WOOD, Hoffman 54 NEW RECORD FROM NEW MEXICO (PENTATOMIDAE), J. R. de la Torre-Bueno 63 BOOK NOTES, J. R. T.-B ;. 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, Siepmann 66 FOSSIL SAWFLY, Cockerell 72 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in February, April, June, October and December of each year Subscription price, domestic, $2.50 per year; foreign, $2.75 in advance; single copies, 60 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication. Address subscriptions and all communications to J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor, 311 East Ifth St., Tucson, Ariz. BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. XXXV April, 1940 No. 2 NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF PSEUDO- MASARIS AND ON THE FOODPLANTS OF THE MASARIDINAE AND GAYELLINAE (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE). By J. Bequaert, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. 1. Distribution of Pseudomasaris. Records published and specimens received in recent years extend the area of several species. Only new localities are listed below, but the known general distribution is indicated. It is surprising that thus far only one species has been taken in Mexico. 1. P. vespoides Cresson. — Oregon: Goose Lake, Lake Co., 1 2 (Holleman). — California: Carrville, Trinity Co., 2,400 to 2,500 ft. (G. E. Bohart) ; San Benito, San Benito Co. (R. M. Bohart) ; Donner Lake, near Truckee, Nevada Co., 1 5 (G. P. Engelhardt) ; Lake Amanor, Mt. Lassen National Park, 1 2 and 1 (G. P. Engelhardt). — Idaho: Bear Lake Valley, Bear Lake Co., 2 and 3 2 (C. L. Hayward); Zaza, Nez Perce Co., 1 2> at flowers of Pentstemon venustus (F. W. Pennell) ; Brundage Mts., Valley Co., 1 <$, at flowers of Pentstemon payetensis (F. W. Pennell) ; Lake Waha, Nez Perce Co., 2 2 at flowers of Pentstemon venustus (F. W. Pennell) ; Craters of the Moon, Butte Co., 7 2, at flowers of Pentstemon cyaneus (F. W. Pennell) ; Martin, Butte Co., 1 at flowers of Pentstemon cyaneus (F. W. Pennell). — Utah: La Sal National Forest, 1 <£ (C. T. Brues). — Colorado: Mesa Verde, 6,500 ft., 1 2 (G. P. Engelhardt) ; Mt. Manitou, El Paso Co., 9,000 ft., 1 2 (Grace O. Wiley) ; Naturita, Montrose Co., 1 2> at flowers of Pentstemon comarrhenus (E. Payson). — Arizona: White Mesa near Kayenta, Navajo Co., 1 2 (C. T. Brues) ; south- ern rim of Grand Canyon, 1 J1 (Margaret L. Cook). — Distribution: Oregon, California, Nevada, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico and South Dakota. It may be expected in Wyoming and Montana. 38 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society ToZ. XXXV 2. P. texanus (Cresson). — P. basirufus Rohwer, P. albifrons Rohwer and the subsp. neomexicanus Rohwer are scarcely more than individual variants of P. texanus and certainly not specifically distinct. — Texas : 8 miles south by east of Lytle, Atascosa Co., with nest (Albert J. Kirn). — Arizona: Tempe, Maricopa Co., i (D. K. Duncan) ; Globe, Gila Co., i 5 (D. K. Duncan). — Distribu- tion: California, Arizona, Utah, New Mexico and Texas. 3. P. maculifrons Fox. — A fine series of both sexes of this species, taken by Mr. M. Cazier at Yermo, was sent to me by Mr. G. R. Ferguson, who pointed out that the females were P. maculifrons, while the males agreed with P. rohweri Bradley. One pair of the Yermo wasps was taken in copulation. Mr. Ferguson compared the females with the type of maculifrons at the California Academy of Sciences. It seems quite certain that P. rohweri was based upon the male of P. maculifrons. Moreover, Bradley recorded a female of maculifrons from Quartzite, Arizona, in the paper in which he described rohweri from the same locality. — California: Yermo, San Bernardino Co. (M. Cazier) ; Mazowila, Inyo Co. (R. M. Bohart) ; Westgaard Pass Plateau, Inyo Co. (R. M. Bohart). — Distribution: California, Arizona and Lower California (Mexico). 4. P. bariscapus Bradley. — Known only from Arizona. Female unknown. 5. P. phaceliae Rohwer. — Known only from New Mexico. 6. P. occidentals Cresson. — New Mexico: Albuquerque or Mountainaire, 1 2 (C. H. Hicks). — Kansas: Blue Rapids, Mar- shall Co. (about 40 miles north of Manhattan), several 2, at flowers of Pentstemon cobaea (O. A. Stevens). — Distribution: New Mexico, Texas and Kansas. It may be expected in Oklahoma. 7. P. marginalis Cresson. — Alberta: Moraine, 1 (E. H. Strick- land).— Colorado: Long’s Peak, several J' (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.). I have compared these Alberta and Colorado males with the male allotype and they agree in every respect. — Distribution : British Columbia (Kaslo), Alberta, Colorado and New Mexico. It will no doubt be found in several other Rocky Mountain States. 8. P. zonalis Cresson. — Washington : White River, Mt. Rainier, 1 J (A. L. Melander) ; Paradise Park, Mt. Rainier, 1 2 (A. L. Melander). — Oregon: McKenzie Pass, Lake Co. (G. P. Engel- hardt) ; Lake of Woods, Klamath Co., 4,950 ft. (H. A. Scullen). — Idaho: Bear Lake Valley, Bear Lake Co., 1 J1 (C. L. Hayward). — California: Lake Tahoe, Placer Co. (R. M. Bohart) ; Rock Creek Lake, Inyo Co. (R. M. Bohart) ; Mammoth Lake, Mono Co. (G. E. and R. M. Bohart) ; Convict Creek, Mono Co. (R. M. Bohart). — Distribution: British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Idaho, Utah, Colorado and California. April, 1940 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 39 9. P. coquilletti Rohwer. — California: Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa Co. (R. M. Bohart) ; Berkeley, Alameda Co. (R. M. Bohart). — Known only from California. 10. P. wheeleri J. Bequaert. — California: Independence, Inyo Co. (R. M. Bohart) ; Baker, San Bernardino Co., 1 J1, March 15, I935 (G. R. Ferguson). — Known only from California. 11. P. edwardsii Cresson. — California: Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa Co. (R. M. Bohart) ; Mammoth Lake, Mono Co., several J and J1 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart) ; Hot Creek, Mono Co. (R. M. Bohart). — Distribution: Washington, Nevada, Utah and California. It may be expected in Oregon and Idaho. 2. Foodplants of Masaridinae and Gayellinae. From all trustworthy observations, the wasps of the subfamily Masaridinae are strictly vegetarian, both as larvae and as adults. The female wasp stores a mixture of honey (regurgitated nectar) and pollen (bee-bread) as food for the larvae. The mouthparts of the adults are eminently adapted to the gathering of nectar in flowers where it is deeply hidden, the ligula of the labium being unusually developed, retractile, and more or less deeply split into two glossae. The maxillae take no part in the formation of the proboscis, but the palpi are often reduced or rudimentary. The relative length of the “tongue,” particularly of the terminal glossae, varies from one genus to another. It is particularly long in the North American Pseudomasaris. O11 the other hand, no special provision is made for the collecting and transport of pollen, which the female wasp merely gathers with the mandibles and carries in pellets in the mouth. In all Masaridinae I have examined, the few hairs of body and legs are simple, not branched as in the bees, and are of little or no assistance in the transport of pollen to the nest. Enough pollen, however, adheres to the body to make these wasps efficient pollinators in passing from flower to flower. The morphology of the Masaridinae was discussed in an earlier article (1929, Psyche, XXXVI, pp. 72-76), where it was shown that these wasps exhibit a curious mixture of primitive characters and others that are highly specialized. It is noteworthy, for the present purpose, that, with the exception of the highly modified mouthparts, none of the characteristics of the Masaridinae is par- ticularly correlated with their anthophilous habits. These wasps have not departed greatly, in structure, from their predacious ancestors. The nesting habits also are essentially those of the solitary pre- dacious Eumeninae. I have reviewed these in my earlier paper 40 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society v°l- XXXV (1929, Loc. cit pp. 78-80; additional notes p. 369), but a few supplementary observations will be given here. The nests, so far as known, are of two main types, both found also in the Eumeninae. In Ceramius (including Paraceramius and Ceramioides) , the fe- male burrows a gallery in the soil, ending in a cavity in which oval cells of mud are built ; the larva is fed from day to day with honey and pollen by the mother wasp; a chimney is usually built at the entrance to the burrow. The Australian species of Paragia and Metaparagia probably have similar habits. The only account with which I am acquainted is by C. A. Wilson (1869, Trans. Ent. Soc. London for 1869, Proc., pp. xvii-xviii). He states that, in the vicinity of Adelaide, Paragia smithii de Saussure1 nests in a burrow in the soil, erecting a chimney at the entrance. He did not observe any insects or other food being brought in by the wasps. Celonites , Masaris and Pseudomasaris build free mud nests, of one or more cells, attached to rocks or twigs. The mother wasp stores the cell completely with bee-bread above the egg and closes it before the egg hatches or when the larva is yet very young (mass provisioning). The earliest account of the nest of Celonites abbre- viate was by C. de Villers (1789, C. Linnaei Entomologia, III, p. 281), who observed it in southern France, but did not mention the larval diet.2 The nest of the South African C. andrei was described by H. Brauns (1913, Ent. Mitt., Berlin-Dahlem, II, p. 206) and is similar to that of C. abbreviate. The nests of Pseudo- masaris are now known for four species: P. vespoides and P. ed- wardsii (described by Hicks, 1927, Canad. Entom., LIX, pp. 75- 79; 1929, Canad. Entom., LXI, pp. 121-125; 1931, Bull. So. Calif. Ac. Sci., XXX, pp. 23-29) ; P. occidentals (described by Hunger- ford, 1937, Jl. Kansas Ent. Soc., X, pp. 133-134) ; and P. texanus. Of the last-named species a nest was recently sent to me by Mr. F. M. Getzendaner. It was found, by Mr. Albert J. Kirn, about 8 miles south by east of Lytle, in northern Atascosa Co., Texas. It is a hard lump of clay, 35 mm. long, 20 mm. wide and 20 mm. thick (in the direction of the cells), attached to a twig passing 1 Wilson calls the wasp