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Ne atthe is agers pie NS of Re ‘ ment cies a i ae i Seah Het seis ee Ritoeat ache tein . oth Ta ae ean Te Per ires aia ares Pee te San ese eae oy f SUPA ESS Betnseskeeirthinindminaaszoein He eae aorta Se EG Hated nie ny Fes iaeas i S) rhe ate tA sf aii ; , Ay rate a vee i i ia ne Hh ae ay iy i sae peas Hist nee i eae oe * pe) ny ith et ede i a a Ra ss 5 ay eS, 50") ‘ of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Volume 66 © Number 470 February pi Dat re mer heya. ISSN 0266-836X Editors: Dr P. Wilkins & M. Hough Founded in 1935 The AES ¢ PO. Box 8774 * London * SW7 5ZG http://www.amentsoc.org Officers of the Society President: | Mike Majerus Secretary: Ray Crisp Treasurer: Peter May Registrar: | Nick Holford Bulletin Editors: General Editor: Habitat Conservation Officer: Advertising Secretary: Exhibition Secretary: Youth Secretary: ICN Editor: Wants & Exchange: SUBSCRIPTIONS: Phil Wilkins & Martin Hough Fiona Merrion-Vass Peter Sutton Peter Hodge Wayne Jarvis Kieren Pitts David Lonsdale Peter May First subscriptions should be accompanied by an additional £2 entrance fee, except for Bug Club members under the age of 13 to which this charge does not apply. Renewal charges Ordinary £18.50 Ordinary Overseas £22.00 Bug Club (Junior) £11.00 Bug Club (Junior) Overseas £22.00 Family £25.00 Family Overseas £30.00 ADVERTISING RATES: Rates for advertising in the body of the Bulletin are: Full page £60, Half page £40, Quarter page £25. Series discounts and insert charges are available from the Advertising Secretary on request. NOTICE It is to be distinctly understood that all views, opinions, or theories, expressed in the pages of this Journal are solely those of the author(s) concerned. All announcements of meetings, financial grants offered or sought, requests for help or information, are accepted as bona fide. Neither the Editor, the Officers and Council of the Society, nor its Trustees, can be held responsible for any loss, embarrassment or injury that might be sustained by reliance thereon Worldwide Butterflies www.wwb.co.uk The Worldwide Butterflies website www.wwb.co.uk is a valuable source for Livestock, Equipment, Books and Specimens. The system enables us to show exactly what livestock is currently available and to update it as the season changes. The Annual Livestock list shows what is expected during the whole year. From time to time there are special Sale Offers of equipment, books, livestock and specimens - an ever changing situation. With the 2007 season in view Equip yourself with the MOONLANDER MOTH TRAP with the new GOODDEN LIGHT Full details on www.wwb.co.uk The Moonlander folds totally flat and is contained in a convenient slim shoulder bag. Very lightweight. Moths enter from the bottom and cannot escape. Available with mains MV, battery or both. The battery light is the new Goodden Light which has outperformed all actinic and other previous battery lights. The nearest thing to battery MV! Very low power consumption So will run all night on batteries as small as 5-7 amps. Seeing is believing! ATROPOS ANTIQUES’ PURVEYORS OF FINE COLLECTOR’S CABINETS ye Many of you will have met us at the AES | London Fair where we regularly show | entomological cabinets for sale | = =e z x = z ee = ° 6 © = © Fil ole = aes => — =e" ae cs Fos =< We are specialist dealers in fine collector's cabinets. We can offer a choice of at least 30 cabinets, varying in purpose, construction, quality and price. We can supply both restored and un-restored cabinets and will undertake to restore and paper cabinets for clients. We are always interested in the purchase or exchange of cabinets, with or without a collection. Callers to our showrooms are always welcome by appointment. We offer a specialist collection and delivery service throughout the UK and have full expertise in the safe transportation of cabinets and collections. George Morgan 97, West Street, Hartland, N. Devon EX39 6BQ T: 01237-441205/984 M: 07973 302190 E-mail: george @ atropos.wanadoo.co.uk * We are an independent dealership of 30 years standing and have no association with any similarly named business A NEW BOOK FROM ase Experience the lighter side of field entomology with Torben Larsen as he describes his experiences from around the world. There must be a Hazard for every occasion? £11.99 (inc. UK p&p) © £13.99 (overseas) ORDER YOUR COPY NOW FROM Cravitz Printing Company Limited 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA. Tel: (01277) 224610 © Fax: (01277) 262815 © E-mail: CravitzPrinting@btconnect.com aurelianbooks.co.uk new website now launched The Best FOR NEW AND OLD BOOKS British Lepidoptera And we still do catalogues! SV o/o——_ Contact David Dunbar at Aurelian Books 31 Llanvanor Road, London, NW2 2AR, UK 020 8455 9612 0777 176 1050 ** AA 20 8455 9612 Books about butterflies, moths, dragonflies, beetles and other insects Ze BUG CLUB Do you want to cuddle a Cockroach, stroke a Stick Insect or hug a Harvestman? The AES Bug Club is for young people or the “young at heart” who find insects and other creepy crawlies interesting and even fascinating. As the junior section of the AES we are devoted to promoting invertebrates to the younger generation who, afterall, will be the entomologists of tomorrow! You can help us in a number of ways, for example: by joining the Bug Club yourself, getting someone else to join the Bug Club, promoting the Bug Club and AES to your local school/Scout or Guide Group etc, running a Bug Club event or writing an article for our exciting newsletter. If you can do anything to help then please write to us: AES Bug Club, PO Box 8774, London, SW7 5ZG. Membership details can be found in the front of this Bulletin. Bulletin Cover The front cover of the Bulletin shows an adult bedbug (Cimex /ectularius) feeding Bu . letin on human blood. f the Amateur Entomologists’ Socie : Chee ile : % cS ~ This species is particularly associated with humans. Unlike many bloodsuckers, they do not remain attached to the host, but detach themselves during the day. They Volume 66 * Number 470 February 2007 hide in crevices or among clothing and return to feed in the night. Although the bites are annoying, there is no clear proof | of disease transmission by these insects. There are related species that feed on other mammals or birds. This photo is a taster for an excellent article on the latest information on Bed “i: ica “ Bugs from James Walker. The article will : adie a mS ; be illustrated by more of Gary Alpert’s ee ee ST aan f ; superb photographs. ISSN 0266-096X |. , Ediees: Dr P Wilkins & M. Hough t . \ Photo credit: Gary Alpert of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Volume 66 * Number 470 February 2007 Editorial At the time of writing, we have still had very few serious frosts this winter, and internet newsgroups are buzzing with reports of species found unseasonably — a few butterflies are being spotted even in mid- January, and last night I was told that the Brimstone Moth (Lepidoptera: Opisthograptis luteolata L.) has already begun to put in an appearance. Newspapers report that pest species normally wiped out by the winter frosts are surviving, threatening to become a major nuisance next year. There is indeed a risk that the Colorado Beetle — not previously too happy with our climate — might at last manage to establish itself in Britain. Whatever its cause, the effect of global warming is frighteningly evident. It is important that its impact should be closely monitored — and the Amateur Entomologist in his or her routine recording can be a great help with this. So even if you feel you can boast no rarities in your day-to-day observations, do let your County Recorders have lists of the species that you have seen during the year. They all help to complete the overall picture. Again, this would be a welcome subject for a Bulletin article. Phil Wilkins and I are still keen to receive your contributions. One of the strengths of this Bz/letin is that it is a vehicle for all entomologists to share their experiences — and the first observations of someone just discovering the hobby can-be as scientifically useful as those from our many learned experts. Please share your knowledge — send articles to the usual address — AES Bulletin, P.O. Box 8774, London SW7 5ZG. Martin Hough HE HATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM 0 2 MAR 2007 PRESENTED ENTOMOLOGY LERARY | i EP 0 Sy a BD Er + SPRL Sar Berets 2 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society to] Data Protection Act From The Registrar In order to fulfil the requirements of this act I must advise members annually of the details held on the computer database and the use made of them. Currently the information we hold comprises: name, address, telephone number, e-mail address, date of birth, entomological interests, payments made, and membership category. Additional information is held regarding mailing details, correspondence, invoices, receipts etc. If any member objects to these details being held, would they please get in touch with me. The information is used for the following purposes: ¢ To prepare mailing labels for the Bulletin and Bug Club Newsletter, other mailings and correspondence as required. ¢ For the preparation of statistics for use by the Council. ¢ The publication of Membership Lists. These will only include details of name, address, interests, and, in the case of Junior Members, the Membership Class. Please note that telephone numbers and e-mail addresses are ONLY passed on to Council and Committee members when a specific request is made. Such details are not passed to other members. Individual members may request specific lists, such as names and addresses of members in a specific area, with or without interests included. A minimum charge of £1.50 is made to cover the additional costs of stationery and postage involved. Please note that: ¢ Tam unable to give out member details over the telephone. ¢ I never divulge phone numbers without the individual member’s specific permission, except to Council members for use on Society business. ¢ I do not give member details to non-members without the individual member’s specific permission. Membership List — I am happy to produce one, and it would be easy to do so. However, there are constraints upon it and these come from two sources: 1. Production costs — it would cost well over £2,000.00 to produce and the Society does not have that level of funds to spare. 33 Volume 66 « February 2007 3 2. Data Protection legislation means that every member must give their written consent before their details may be included in a published list available for purchase by non-members. As far as I am able to ascertain, this does not apply to a list circulated only to members as part of their membership package. Please note that this need for written consent applies only to a published list offered for sale, not a private list requested by an individual member and lists restricted to circulation to members only. I do not produce any electronic lists (xcept PDF tiles): I do produce a photocopy list, as an A5 booklet, for use by Council Members only, every two years. The majority of these are destroyed when a new one is produced, two or three are kept for reference and archive purposes only. The actual production is easy, apart from cost and any legal requirements. A published list would include an alphabetical list of names, addresses and up to three interest categories (space prevents the inclusion of more). Also it would include a list of members’ names under specific interests, and members’ names in individual countries and UK counties. Ct is for the latter reason that the county name is always included in the address, despite it not being essential in most cases, though it may be “stripped off’ when producing mailing labels). The restriction to only three named interests is to make the interest lists manageable, since these will help members communicate with others of similar main interest areas. I must emphasise that the ONLY reasons a list has not been produced in the past have been cost and now certain aspects of Data Protection legislation. Change of Address — the mailing labels are produced a month in advance in order to notify the printer as to the number of each publication that need to be printed and to allow sufficient time for the envelopes to be prepared. (This is a more tedious task than previously because there are at least three different categories of mailing — Bulletin alone, Bulletin plus Bug Club Magazine together (for family membership), and Bug Club Magazine alone. These are further separated into Overseas and UK destinations.) This can mean that if I am notified of the change of address AFTER the mailing labels are produced, then the mailing will go to the previous address. There is no way of preventing this. It also means that if a redirected envelope is used to notify change of address, by the time I receive it via the PO Box, which can take up to 4 weeks, or even more, to arrive the next mailing label may have been produced for the previous address as well! 4 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society Lf It is therefore in members’ interests to notify me of the new address, and the date for which it becomes effective, as soon as possible after the details are known to the member. Members may if they wish, notify me directly to my home address — Nick Holford, 8 Ruddle Way, LANGHAM Rutland, LE15 7NZ (Tel. — 01572 723532). I can also be contacted by e- mail (registrar@amentsoc.org). In notifying change of address, please be certain to include your membership number, which is printed after your name on the mailing label. This makes finding your record much easier and accurate, particularly when people have the same surname and first name or initials — this does happen! First names — | am trying to make communications more personal by using first names. This is already done in most cases. Please try to remember to write it onto the renewal slip before sending it in. Payment by cheque — when paying by cheque, if the member’s family name is different from that on the cheque, please write the member's name on the back as this helps considerably when checking that payments have been entered correctly. It would be helpful if the membership number was written on the back as a matter of course. PLEASE, DO NOT STAPLE CHEQUES: TO THE FORM--inese scquite a considerable amount of time to remove, and when dealing with about 1400 cheques in the space of two months, any saving in time is a great boon! At certain times of year it can take an hour or more just to open and sort the post each day, before actually processing it! Thank you for your assistance over this. Finally, if your Bulletin or Bug Club Magazine does not arrive, please let me know. If a Bulletin or Bug Club Magazine is returned by the post office as undelivered, a block is placed upon further mailings until the matter is resolved. If this were not done, mailings would continue to be sent and returned and funds therefore wasted, apart from the nuisance value caused to those at the address and the increased work for me. Nick Holford, Registrar 36 Volume 66 * February 2007 5 Kempton Exhibition 2006 — Exhibition Report Collated and edited by Nick Holford, AES Registrar There were 18 exhibits, covering about 22 square-metres of table space. Reports for every exhibit were received, and these are printed below. As these reports indicate, there was quite a wide variety of exhibits and I hope this will encourage all members to produce exhibits, however small or large, for future Kempton and York exhibitions. Each exhibit is of value because each one is individual. Valuable cash prizes are awarded at the Exhibition for the exhibitors. The judges are looking for quality and originality, as well as presentation. Personal observations are particularly important. Table of Prizewinners, Kempton 2006 Name Prize Awarded Henry Berman First Prize in the Bradford Award 2006 Bob George Runner up in the Bradford Award 2006 David May | (BC, aged 7) | : Third Prize in the Ansorge Award 2006 Theo Tamblyn | (BC, aged 9) | 12075 First Prize in the Ansorge Award 2006 Scott Tytheridge (BC, aged 12) | 12375 Second Prize in the Ansorge Award 2006 The Bradford award is £100.00 and on this occasion the judges decided to split it into two prizes, one of £60.00 and the other of £40.00. The prizes, given in cash and certificates signed by the President, are sent later. The Ansorge award is normally £50.00, but can be varied by the judges. On this occasion the judges decided to make three prizes, one of £40.00, one of &30.00 and one of £20.00. As with the Bradford Award, the prizes, given in cash and certificates signed by the President, are sent later. 6 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 Exhibit Reports Peter Baker, 9086 Some East Devon Lepidoptera Antigastra catalaunalis Duponchel) — West Hill. 15th October 2005. ?? (Unknown) — a bit strange, this one. Perhaps the hind wing venation provides a clue. Cyclophora linearia (Hb) (Clay Triple-lines) — At the top a normal spring brood example. Below this two specimens of the second (summer) brood found in West Hill. At the bottom an offspring from a summer brood female.Sesia bembeciformis (Hb.) (Lunar Hornet Moth) — Scrub clearance activities produced this insect from three East Devon sites in 2000. Dark or melanic forms of moths are not generally associated with rural East Devon, but the three species exhibited show that they do occur, albeit rarely. The three Biston betularia (L.), (Peppered Moth) show the range of melanism found. Ab. infuscata of Acronicta aceris (L.), (The Sycamore) has occurred once in 10 years (26th July 2006.) The melanic Chrysoteuchia culmella (L.) (18th July 2006) is new to me. Dioryctria sylvestrella (Ratzeburg) — First seen in West Hill 24th July 2003, but not recognised at the time. Further unrecognised examples were found at another site on 24th July 2006. The penny finally dropped when a specimen of this and an example of D. abietella (Denis and Schiffermuller) were found together in a trap in West Hill on 12th November 2006. This latter is shown for comparative purposes. Note the shapes of the subterminal fasciae. Lithosia quadra (L.) (Four-spotted Footman) — Now well established in West Hill. In 2006 the first was recorded 13th June 2006, with varying numbers almost every night to date. The night of 23.ix.00 gave a peak number of 23 examples. Ochropleura leucogaster (Freyer) (Radford’s Flame Shoulder) — A man from DEFRA provided this specimen, which he thought “looked different”. It does seem to have smaller reniform and orbicular markings and paler hairs on the patagium and head. The poor thing is badly worn as it spent three days in one of those ghastly clear, plastic screw top pots! Much migrant activity was noted in West Hill and Exmouth from late August until the end of September. The third and fourth weeks of ae Volume 66 * February 2007 7 September were particularly busy. One garden in Exmouth had a good run of the usual migrants plus several quite remarkable records: Crocallis dardoinaria (Dorizel) (Dusky Scalloped Oak) — Exmouth 21st September 2006. Possibly the first record for the British mainland. Macdunnoughia confusa (Steph) (Dewick’s Plusia) — Exmouth, 20-23rd September 2006. Three examples were noted suggesting the possibility that they had bred locally. Mythimna loreyi (Dup.) (Cosmopolitan) — Third week in September. 8 or 9 recorded from here and another Exmouth site. Catocala fraxini (L.) (Clifden Nonpareil) — Exmouth 26th September 2000. West Hill was not without excitement over this period, with two Pyrales new to the area being seen. Uresiphita polygonalis (Denis and Schiffermuller) — West Hill 23.ix.06. Curcumas ocellea — West Hill 23.ix.06. N.B. Comments on ?? (Unknown) and J/eucogaster will be welcomed. Henry Berman, Hon Life Member, 5575 First Prize in the Bradford Award 2006 Bumble Bees and Social Wasps (Hymenoptera) Bumble Bees and Social Wasps are some of our most beautiful insects (yes, even the yellow and black wasps). Everybody has seen them but very few people have actually taken the trouble to look at them. Recording what they are and where they are in the British Isles is poorly covered. Everybody thinks that somebody else is working on them. Why bother? But Bumble Bees are pollinators, albeit haphazard ones, and without doubt they are the sound of Summer. No Wasps would mean no trees. They clear millions of destructive pests each year. True, a few demand payment in the form of an occasional lick of ice cream or windfall apples! Chris Gardiner, 5249 Looking at Leaf mines Many lepidopterists ignore leaf-mines, as they can be difficult to identify and frequently require detailed examination of the larva, or rearing through to the adult moth. Also many mines are caused by other groups of insects particularly the Diptera, Coleoptera (Cuculionidae) and Hymenoptera (Tenthredinidae) and this leads to 8 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society ad additional problems with identification. Nevertheless a number of mines are sufficiently distinctive to be reliably identified with the aid of resources now available on the internet, such as the websites www.leafmines.co.uk, which covers all types of miners, and www.ukmoths.org.uk. The exhibit showed a variety of different mines collected from the Peterborough area over the two weeks before the exhibition. The mines were identified using distinguishing characteristics such as host plant, mine type and pattern, and the distribution of the frass (droppings). The species displayed were: Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae Stigmella tityrella (Stainton) — The Gallery typically zig-zags between veins on beech leaves. Stigmella splendidissimella (Herrich-Schaffer) — A long gallery with linear frass, shown occurring on wood avens, and bramble. Stigmella tiliae (Frey) — On small-leaved lime, the gallery follows a rather angular course Ectodemia septembrella (Stainton) — The long gallery in St. John’s Wort has linear frass. Ectodemia louisella (Sircom) — The distinctive mines are in the wing of a field maple seed. Gracillariidae Phyllonorycter acerifoliella (Zeller) — Forms a downward folded leaf margin on field maple. Phyllonorycter tristrigella (Haworth) — Forms a distinctive crease along a vein in elm leaves. Phyllonorycter coryli (Nicelli) — A pale oval shaped blotch mine on hazel leaves. Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hubner) — A silvery blotch mine usually on hawthorn or apple. Phyllonorycter messaniella (Zeller) — A brown blotch usually confined between the veins on beech leaves. Caloptilia syringella (Fab.) — Contorts the leaves of ash and privet, later folding the tip downwards. Callisto denticulella (Thunberg) — A pale brown blotch on apple, later folding the leaf margin over. Momphidae Mompha raschkiella (Zeller) — Frequently occurs on willowherb. 36 Volume 66 « February 2007 9 Diptera: Agromyzidae Phytomyza lappae (Goureau) — Affects the leaves of burdock, often with many mines in the same leaf. Phytomyza ilicis (Curtis) — One of the most distinctive of all leaf mines, with red and light green blotches on holly. Phytomyza conyzae (Hendel) — The gallery traverses the leaves of tleabane. Agromyza nana (Meigen) — A pale blotch mine on clover leaves. Diptera: Tephritidae Euleia heraclei (L.) — An example was shown on wild parsnip, and the species can be a pest on celery and parsnip in gardens. Trypeta zoe (Meigen) — A mine with projecting ‘fingers’ from the midrib of ragwort, hemp-agrimony and related plants. Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae Metallus pumilus (Klug) — A local species forming a large brown blotch on bramble leaves. Fenusa dohrnii (Yischbein) — A brownish blotch mine between the veins of alder leaves. Kaliofenusa pusilla (Serville) — Forms a brown blotch on elm leaves. Bob George, 1402 Runner up in the Bradford Award 2006 Distribution of British Siphonaptera (Fleas) If we ignore a few minor disagreements between a very few siphonapterists, there are 62 species, subspecies and hybrids of Siphonaptera known from the British Isles. The exhibit comprised provisional distribution maps of 33 of them. The maps showed all the known distribution of the fleas concerned: from the literature that has been examined (well over 400 titles); from specimens sent to me for identification; from my own collecting and from several museum collections. The maps illustrate the very considerable amount of work that must be done to bring any of them to a good standard. There are approximately 3,500 10Km squares involved in covering all of the British Isles including Eire. No species has anywhere near this number recorded. Everyone’s help is needed, even in providing specimens, with data, from household pets. 10 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society ae Brief information has been given on: a) The preferred hosts. b) Whether they are more easily collected from the host body or from the nest. c) A very rough approximation of rarity or commonness. d) Other information on occurrence — special localities, restriction to seasons etc. The mass of data from the Shropshire region results mainly from the work of one collection! Andrew Halstead, 6346 (RHS Garden, Wisley, Woking, Surrey GU23 OQB) Two leaf miners on balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) (Collected from a tree at RHS Garden, Wisley, Surrey, TQ060577 on 5th October 2006.) Aulagromyza populi (Kaltenbach) Diptera: Agromyzidae. This is one of three agromyzid flies that mine the leaves of Populus spp. in Britain. The larva creates a long sinuous mine that meanders around the leaf, starting on the underside but ending in the upper surface. The mine on the upper surface can be seen as a faint silvery line, not unlike a slug’s slime trail. Zeugophora sp. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae. Most chrysomelid larvae feed externally on foliage, while others, such as most flea beetle larvae, feed on roots. There are a few chrysomelid beetles that develop as leaf miners and in Britain there are three Zeugophora species, mainly on aspen but also on other Populus spp. The larvae make black blotch mines in the foliage. The most common species in southern England is Zeugophora subspinosa (F.). Stephen Hatch, 12664 A Selection of moths recorded from Scotland between 25th June and 25th July 2004-2006 Scotch Burnet Zygaena exulans (Hohen.) — Males & females seen in good numbers, Meikle elrick, South Aberdeenshire. 3 .vii. 2005. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Northern Eggar Lasiocampa quercus f. callunae (Palmer) — Larva and imagines recorded from many different sites throughout the recording period. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick 2 Volume 66 « February 2007 11 Grey Mountain Carpet Entephria caesiata (D. and S.) — Good numbers recorded to light from East Perthshire and East Invemess- shire, 24.vi.2004, 04.vii.2005 and 06.vii2005. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Rannoch Brindled Beauty Lycia lapponaria (Boisd.) — 1 found one larva on Bog Myrtle while looking for Argent & sable with Roy McCormick, on Rannoch Moor, Argyll Main 27.vi.2006. Steve Hatch Sweet Gale Moth Acronicta euphorbiae (D. and S.) — Six appeared to light within a 30 minute period, Devils Elbow, East Perthshire, 06.vii.2005. Steve Hatch Scarce Silver Y Syngrapha interrogationis (L.) — Recorded at light from the Cairngorms, East Inverness-shire and Brerachon Forest, East Perthshire, 24.vii.2004 and 04.vii.2005. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Slender Scotch Burnet Zygaena loti (D. and S.) — Seen in good numbers, mating pairs photographed. Loch Scridian, Mid Ebudes, 25.vi.2006. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Pale Eggar Trichiura crataegi (L.) — Singles recorded from Devils elbow, East Perthshire 06.vii.2005 and Cairngorms, East Inverness- shire, 24.vii.2005. Mv. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Argent & Sable f. nigrescens (Prout) Rheumaptera hastata hastata (L.) — Seen in good numbers flying during the day over Rannoch Moor, Argyll Main, 27.vii. 2006. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Black Mountain Moth Glacies coracina (Esp.)— Recorded during the day when the sun was shining, Coire nan Cisteachan, East Inverness- shire, 04.vii.2005. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Saxon Hyppa rectilinea (Esp) — Recorded at light from two sites in East Perthshire, and one from North Ebudes during July. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Six-spot Burnet Zygaena filipendulae (L.) — Flying in abundance, mating pairs photographed, Loch Scridian, Mid Ebudes, 25.vi.2000. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Plain Wave /daea straminata (Borkh.) — Single recorded to light, Duthill, Moray, 24.vii.2005. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Heath Rivulet Perizoma minorata (Treit) — Recorded in small numbers during the afternoon and later at light in the Cairngorms, East Inverness-shire 24.vii.2006. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Wood Tiger ab. bospita Parasemia plantaginis plantaginis (L.) — Bred from female found resting, Meikle elrick, South Aberdeenshire, 3.vii.2005. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick 2 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society LJ Northern Arches Apamea zeta (Treit.)— Two at light Devils Elbow, East Perthshire, 06.vii.2005. Steve Hatch Talisker Narrow-bordered Five Spot Burnet Zygaena lonicerae jJocelynae — Cocoons found on food-plant & surrounding vegetation, Talisker bay, North Ebudes, 28.vi.2006. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Red Carpet Xanthorhoe decoloraria decoloraria (Esp.) — Recorded in numbers from Mid Perthshire, East Perthshire & East Inverness-shire Recorded during the daytime and at light. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Satyr Pug Eupithecia satyrata satyrata (Hb.) — Recorded during the day and at light Rothyiemurchus estate, East Inverness-shire & Beinn a ghlinne bhig, North Ebudes, 02.vii.2005 & 28.vi.2006. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Dark Brocade Blepharita adusta (Esp.) — Recorded in good numbers at light in East Inverness-shire, East Perthshire, and North Ebudes, during June and July. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Glaucous Shears Papestra biren (Goeze) — One at light Devils Elbow, East Perthshire, 06.vii.2005. Steve Hatch Transparent Burnet Zygaena purpuralis (Brunn) — Good numbers recorded from Loch Scridian with mating pairs frequent. Also recorded from Talisker bay in smaller numbers, 25.vi.2000 & 28.vi.2006. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Yellow-ringed Carpet Entephria flavicinctata flavicinctata (Hb) — Larvae found in good numbers feeding on Stonecrop, Allatanstalcair Waterfall, East Perthshire, 04.vii.2005 and 29.vi.2006. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Scalloped Oak ab Unicolor Crocaillis elinguaria (L.) — Recorded at light, Duthill, Moray 24.vii.2004. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Light Knot Grass Actonicta menyanthidis menyanthidis (Esp.) — Recorded at light from Brerachon forest, East Perthshire, 04.vii.2005. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Lempke’s Gold Spot Plusia putnami (Grote) — One at light, Cairngorms, East Inverness-shire, 24.vii.2005. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Stephen Hatch, 12664 A Selection of moths seen by me for the first time in 2006 Luffia ferchaultella (Stephens) — One larva beaten from hawthorn at Braunton Burrows, N. Devon on the 21.iii.2006 Ist record for V04 Steve Hatch ae Volume 64 * December 2005 13 Epiblema foenella (L.) — One at light from Braunton Burrows on 18.xii.2006, 1st record for VC4. Steve Hatch Ostrinia nubilalis (Hb.) — Two came to my lights on Exmister Marshes, Devon 3.vii.2006. Steve Hatch Cistus Forester Adscita geryon (Hb.) — Abundant during the day, with mating pairs photographed. 3.vii.2006. Steve Hatch & Dave Paull Netted Pug Eupithecia venosata venosata (Fab.) — Recorded to light from Salisbury Plain on the 4th & 16.vi.2006 Steve Hatch & Roy McCormick Cosmopterix pulchrimella (Chambers) — Both larvae and pupae found in large numbers on Pellitory-of-the-Wall, Prawle Point 5.i1.2006. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick Dave Paull Pyrausta nigrata (Scopoli) — One found at rest on Thyme, on a very windy night on Fontmell Down, Dorset, 1 3.v.2006. Steve Hatch Oncocera semirubella (Scopoli)— Recorded in numbers during the day at Broadcroft Quarry and at light at Cheyne Weare, Portland, Dorset, 22.vii.2006. Steve Hatch & Dave Paull Portland Ribbon Wave /daea degeneraria (Hb.) — Three at light from Cheyne weare, Portland, Dorset. 22.vii.2006. Steve Hatch Cypress Pug Eupithecia phoeniciata (Ramb.) — First one recorded from my garden trap, 2.ix.2006. Steve Hatch Aspilapteryx tringipennella (Zeller) — One at light on the 24.viii.2006, Hartland Point, N. Devon. Steve Hatch Palpita vitrealis (Hb.) — Six individuals recorded from my garden trap in N. Devon this year from 1st to 12.ix.2006. Steve Hatch Acentria ephemerella (D. and S.) — One recorded at light a considerable distance from water, Braunton Burrows, 10.ix.2006. Steve Hatch Chalk carpet Scotopteryx bipunctaria (D. and S.) — Recorded during the day at Broadcroft Quarry and at light at Cheyne Weare, Portland, Dorset, 22.vii.2006. Steve Hatch & Dave Paull Haworths’ pug Eupithecia haworthiata (Doubld.) — A few recorded from the garden trap of Dave Paull, 5.vii.2006 _ Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller) — One to light from garden trap of Dave Paull, Northam, N. Devon, 31.vii.2006. 1st record for VC4 Pediasia aridella (Thurnberg) — two on 3.viii.2006 from the garden trap of Dave Paull, Northam. N. Devon. Other than one individual caught by Dave Paull last year, this species has not been recorded in VC4 since 1985. 14 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society t 4 Platyptilia ochrodactyla (D. and S.) — Netted over Tansy at Exminster Marshes, Devon. Also came to light, 3.vii.2006. Steve Hatch Lead-coloured Pug Eupithecia plumbeolata (Haw.) — Recorded in the Watersmeet area N. Devon. Came to lights in good numbers. Steve Hatch Drab Looper Minoa murinata (Scopoli) — afternoon on a cold and windy day. Ticks more abundant though with over 40 taken from my legs (shorts were not a good idea) Stubhampton Bottom, Dorset, 13.v.2006 Steve Hatch Lobesia reliquana (Hb.) Recorded from Torrington & Hilsford Bridge, N. Devon, 10 & 28.v.2006, Both came to light and are new records for VC4. Steve Hatch Sitochroa palealis (D. and S.) — One recorded at on 22.xii.2006 at Cheyne Weare, Portland, Dorset. Steve Hatch Scarce Forester Jordanita globulariae (Hb.) — One netted in flight and one at light, Salisbury Plain 16.vi.2006 Steve Hatch & Dave Paull Channel Island Pug Eupithecia ultimaria (Boisd.) — Larvae found in good numbers feeding on Tamarisk, Sprey Point, Devon, 02.viii.2000. R.F McCormick Rannoch Brindled Beauty Lycia lapponaria (Boisd.) — I found 1 larva on Bog myrtle while looking for Argent & sable with R.F. McCormick, on Rannoch Moor, Scotland, 27.vi.2006. Steve Hatch Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk Hemaris tityus (L.) — Two seen during the day nectaring on flowers, Salisbury Plain 16.vi.2000. Steve Hatch & Dave Paull Northern Drab Orthosia opima (Hb.) — Recorded at light on Fontmell Down, Dorset. 6.x.2006. Steve Hatch & R.F McCormick Four Spotted Footman Lithosia quadra (L.) — One to light from Cheyne Weare, Portland, Dorset. 22.vii.2006. Steve Hatch White Point Mythimna albipuncta (D. and S.) — Recorded at light from Salisbury on 16.vi.2006 and since from my garden, N. Devon on 1.vii 2006. Steve Hatch Water Ermine Spi/osoma urticae (Esp.) — Three at light on Exminster marshes, Devon, 3.vii.2006. Steve Hatch Obscure Wainscot Mythimna obsoleta (Hb.) — Common at light on Exminster Marshes, Devon 3.vii.2006. Steve Hatch & RF McCormick Kent Black Arches Meganola albula (D. and S.) — Common to light from Cheyne Weare, Portland, Dorset. 22.vii.2006. Steve Hatch 3 Volume 66 + February 2007 15 Bloxworth Snout Hypena obsitalis (Hb.) — Found overwintering in a building together with The Herald and a few species of butterflies, Prawle Point, 5.i.2006. Steve Hatch, Roy McCormick, Dave Paull Crescent Dart Agrotis trux (Hb.) — Common to light from Cheyne Weare, Portland, Dorset 22.vii.2006. Steve Hatch Nick Holford, 3804, Registrar Some Personal Observations on Prionus coriarius (L.) (Coleoptera, Prionidae), also called the Tanner Beetle or the Sawyer Beetle, and a summary of current knowledge about it Specimens of Prionus were shown, along with photographs. Also there were details of observations made, particularly on photography and the differences between the sexes. Two distribution maps were shown, one based on 10 km squares and the other on Victorian Vice-Counties. A full account can be found in the Bulletin, Vol 65, pp 209-215 (October 2006). Yealand Kalfayan, 8627 Mimicry and Polymorphism Some classic examples of mimicry involve monomorphic species, for example Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus 1758) and Limenitis archippus (Cramer 1776). More commonly, however, either the model or the mimic may be polymorphic giving rise to a multitude of mimetic relationships. This exhibit showed two well-known polymorphic species, Papilio dardanus (Brown 1776) and Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus 1758), each of which have a number of different forms. The frequency of the different forms varies throughout their distribution and can often be correlated with the presence or absence of different models and mimics. Five different female forms of Papilio dardanus were exhibited. In each case at least one unpalatable model was shown alongside. In addition, there were some examples of other mimics that use the same models. Three different forms of Danaus chrysippus were exhibited. At least two mimics were shown alongside each form. The striking parallel evolution of Hypolimnas hissipus (Linnaeus 1764) was demonstrated with three forms closely matching the three forms of chrysippus. A number of Acraeidae were shown with the same patterning as the chrysippus. Finally, a further six mimics of the aegyptius form were 16 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society ad exhibited, including members of such diverse families as the Geometridae and Lycaenidae. I am very grateful to those fellow entomologists who have lent or donated specimens for this exhibit and for their constructive comments. Michael Majerus, AES President (University of Cambridge) and Helen Roy (Anglia Ruskin University) A new dimension to sex wars: sex ratio distorting microorganisms Over the last two decades it has become increasingly apparent that a diverse group of parasitic microorganisms has far-reaching impacts on the evolutionary biology of its invertebrate hosts. These are the microbes that distort host sex ratios to their own benefit. Distortions of the sex ratio may be through feminisation of genetic males (Crustacea and Lepidoptera), induction of asexual reproduction (mainly Hymenoptera) and male-killing (hot spots being ladybirds and butterflies). Through their presence, or the distortion in host sex ratios that they cause, these microorganisms affect the evolution of a multitude of host systems, from conflicts within the genome to clutch size and from reproductive strategies to the epidemiology of certain diseases. The basic strategies of sex ratio distortion are described in the poster, with some of the evolutionary impacts on hosts being outlined. The thesis of the poster is that a thorough understanding of the evolutionary biology of the many invertebrates will only be possible through comprehension of the interactions between host species and these microbial sexual manipulators. Remy L. Ware, Michael Majerus, AES President (Depariment of Genetics, University of Cambridge), Helen Roy (Anglia Ruskin University) and Peter Brown (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology) Intraguild predation of immature coccinellid stages by the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is native to central and eastern Asia but has had a long history of introductions as a biological control agent in other countries. It has been repeatedly released in North America to control pest insects, including aphids and coccids. Following establishment there in the 1980s, H. axyridis has spread rapidly across the United States and into Canada and is now the predominant coccinellid over much of North rr Lo] Volume 66 * February 2007 17 America. Various countries in mainland Europe have also recently become home to this ladybird as a result of intentional release, including France, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, Holland and Switzerland. September 2004 saw the first verified record from Britain. While co-existing with a wide range of sympatric coccinellid species in Japan, H. axyridis has had a negative effect on endemic biodiversity in its introduced ranges. Reported declines in non-target species have provoked fears for British ecosystems. Of particular concern is the potential disruption of aphid-feeding organisms (the aphidophagous guild) resulting from competitive and predatory interactions between native species and H. axyridis. Intraguild predation (GP) occurs when two species that share a prey, also interact trophically (Polis et al., 1989). In aphidophagous ladybird guilds this is most likely to occur between immature stages (Dixon, 2000). Here we discuss the findings of experiments to assess the nature of IGP between larvae of H. axyridis and a range of Japanese and British coccinellids. In accordance with Dixon (2000), H. axyridis was found to be a top intraguild predator of eggs, first and fourth instar larvae, and pupae. The almost unidirectional nature of IGP involving H. axyridis is thought to be due to a combination of physical and chemical defences that many other coccinellids lack. However, the palatabilities of non- conspecific eggs to H. axyridis, and their susceptibilities to attack varied considerably. Sympatric species did not, however, show generally stronger defences. In conjunction with knowledge of the likely extent of habitat overlap, the results from this study will be used to predict better the impacts of H.. axyridis on British coccinellids and highlight those species most at risk. Such predictions will provide the impetus for both conservation and control initiatives. References Dixon, AFG. 2000. Insect Predator-Prey Dynamics: Ladybird Beetles & Biological Control. Cambridge University Press. Polis, GA; Myers, CA and Holt, RD. 1989. The ecology and evolution of intraguild predation: potential competitors that eat each other. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 20: 297-330. Peter Brown (Centre for Ecology & Hydrology & Anglia Ruskin University), Helen Roy (Anglia Ruskin University), Remy Ware (Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge) & Michael 18 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 34 Majerus, AES President (Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge) Recording the spread of an alien ladybird, Harmonia axyridis, in the UK The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), has been described as the most invasive ladybird species on earth. Native to south-east Asia, it has been successfully used as a biocontrol agent of aphids and coccids on a wide variety of crops in North America and Europe. In the USA, H. axyridis was repeatedly introduced for biocontrol use from 1916, but only became established in the 1980s, initially in Louisiana. Since then it has spread rapidly, been implicated in the decline of native coccinellid species and is regarded as a pest species by many. Despite this, H. axyridis was introduced in Europe and is now established in Belgium, Netherlands, France, Germany, Italy and Luxembourg, and was recorded in Switzerland for the first time in 2005. Harmonia axyridis is not known to have been introduced in the UK, but was first recorded here in 2004, arriving by a variety of means, including flight from mainland Europe and with produce imported from Europe and North America. | Harmonia axyridis poses a serious threat to native coccinellids, other aphidophagous insects and possibly some other insect groups, including lepidopteran eggs and larvae. It is a large coccinellid occupying a wide ecological niche and outcompetes other aphidophagous species for food. It is polyphagous and may feed on the eggs and larvae of other species if aphid supplies become scarce. It also feeds on the juice of ripe fruits and so has a commercial impact on fruit growers and wine producers. It can cause a serious nuisance to humans during winter when it forms very large over-wintering ageregations, often on or in buildings. A major survey to study the spread of H. axyridis in the UK was initiated and a website launched in March 2005 (www.harlequin- survey.org). Online recordings of the species can be made via the website, and members of the public have been invaluable in looking for the species and recording their finds. Records are verified by receipt of a specimen or photograph to the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. Approximately 40% of sightings have been verified, enabling effective mapping of the species as it spreads in the UK. 3554 H. axyridis records were received up to 31 August 2006. The number of H. axyridis records in UK 10 km squares has been 36 Volume 66 * February 2007 19 increasing steadily but with peaks each autumn, when the population is at its high point and the ladybirds form over-wintering aggregations. A second website for the identification and recording of the other 25 UK ladybird species was set up (www.ladybird-survey.org). The technology used could be applied to the recording of other taxa and it is hoped that the systems in place may be used as a model for the monitoring of future invasive species. David May, Bug Club member 12140, Aged 7, Third Prize in the Ansorge Award 2006 Bugs i have found in my house A range of different invertebrate species I found in my house was shown, along with a large abandoned wasps’ nest which had been found in the loft. In all, about two dozen species were included, from various orders such as moths, flies, beetles and social hymenoptera. Peter May, AES Treasurer, 10514 Variation in British butterflies This exhibit comprised a selection of specimens from 23 species which illustrated the range of variation that can be found in our British butterflies, such as an increase or decrease in spotting, changes in ground colour, melanism, geographical variation, bleaching and gynandromorphism. A selection of dwarf specimens were also included. Roy McCormick, 3375 Interesting moths seen in Devon, 2006. Cosmopterix pulchrimella (Chambers) — Prawle Point on 5.1.2006, with Steve Hatch, on a survey of Hypena obsitalis Htbn.; Bloxworth Snout ,over-wintering in the old bunker; occupied mines of C. pulchrimella were found in the hundreds in leaves of pellitory of the wall, some of which were in pupa. I thank Steve Hatch for setting these for me. Celypha aurofasciana (Haw). — This specimen was taken at light in Brooking’s Down Wood, Noss Mayo on 12.8.2006. A further specimen was seen at Buck’s Mills, North Devon on 22.7.2000. Calomotropha paludella (Hb.) — Although this species has been found in several marshy areas in South Devon in most years, it was strange to see this one in a suburban garden at Kingsteignton. Taken by Brian King at light on 6.8.2006. 20 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society t Platytes alpinella (Hb.) — Another species found completely out of its usual site. Seen at Dawlish Warren sometimes commonly. This one was at light in my garden at Teignmouth on 18.7.2006. Sclerocona acutellus (Evers.) — This specimen was taken at light by Mike Meehan at Woodbury Salterton, near Exeter on 9.6.2006. A thatching operation had been carried out close to M.M.’s garden. This is very similar to the captures at Paul Butters’ old residence in June 1999, at Countess Wear, Exeter, where thatch was probably the carrier of this species. Both lots of thatching material had come from the Baltic area. Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup.) — The first one for Devon was seen at West Hill, at light, on 15.10.2005. This one from Buckland Abbey, near Yelverton, at light on 23.9.2006, National Moth Night, by Tom Sleep. The moth has also been seen at Abbotskerswell, by Barry Henwood, at light on 23.9.2006 and at West Hill, at light by Peter Baker. Pempelia genistella (Dup.) — This specimen taken at Bystock N.N.R. in East Devon, at light on 22.7.2006. It has been seen at the usual site of Dawlish Warren and a couple of other sites at light this year, but up to now we have not been able to find the larval nests on gorse; I have a picture of a nest from Bystock which will be looked at in spring 2007. Epischnia bankesiella (Rich). — This is the first adult specimen taken at light on 4.7.2006, at Prawle Point by Ivan Lakin. There have been two other captures of larvae on Golden Samphire by Bob Heckford in 2003 and 2004 at Soar Mill Cove and Bolt Head, both near Salcombe. Nephopterix angustella (Hb.) — This one was taken at light in my garden in Teignmouth on 13.9.2006; there have been four more sightings of the species this year, and several sightings in previous years, but despite searches we had not been able to find the larval holes in spindle berries. We can only assume all the records we get in Devon are migrants. Phycitodes maritima (Teng.) — South Devon had a sudden influx of records of this species in 2005, mostly in larvae finds. This year the moth was found more commonly, the larval frass could be seen on ragwort from a distance. Larvae were taken at Dawlish Warren 7.7.2006, in ragwort with these being bred through. These two specimens are from this D.W. trip. Ragwort was infested with this moth from several other sites in South Devon this year. a Volume 66 « February 2007 21 Cyclophora pendularia (Cl.) Dingy Mocha — Following on from the discovery last year of a specimen near Hatherleigh on 17.6.2005, Rob Wolton has taken several more at Hollow Moor, near Hatherleigh, at light, one of which was a female that laid eggs; this specimen is bred from these. Members of Devon Moth Group along with Rob beat larvae from Salix bushes on this site on 3rd and 10th Sept. 2006 establishing that we have a breeding colony in the Hatherleigh, Mid Devon area. Cyclophora annularia (Fab.) Mocha — Another species found way away from its normal habitat. This specimen taken in my garden in Teignmouth, at light on 28.7.2000. Cyclophora puppillaria (Hb.) Brair’s Mocha — The last specimen seen in Devon was Abbotskerswell, at light, 19.10.1995, by Barry Henwood. The specimen shown here was taken in my garden in Teignmouth, at light on 27.8.2006, a female that laid eggs which were fertile. 1 have 17 pupae from these eggs. Costaconvexa polygrammata (Borkh). — Many Lined — As far as I am aware this is the third record for Devon with the others: West Hill at light, 23.9.2000; Uplyme at light, 27.3.2005, with this one, 12.6.2006 at light, Teignmouth. Eupithecia simpliciata (Haw.) Plain Pug. — Yet another species out of its natural habitat, usually found near marsh or rough wasteland and not in a suburban garden like mine: Teignmouth at light 30.7.2005. Eupithecia ultimaria (Boisd.) Channel Island Pug — A NEW SPECIES FOUND BREEDING IN DEVON. On 28.7.2006 at Holcombe, near Teignmouth a specimen of this species was found near the light trap on 28.7.2006. The following week, 4.8.2006. A further specimen was again found near the trap at the same site (the specimen shown here). We have a large area of tamarisk mid way between Holcombe and Teignmouth, on the sea front, and this was beaten for larvae on 2.8.2006 with 18 larvae being taken which were bred through; two specimens from these larvae are shown. This is being published in the next edition of The Entomologist’s Record. Acherontia atropos (L.) Death‘s-head Hawk-moth — A specimen of this species was found by a member of the public on 20.8.2006, in a garden at Marldon, Torquay and reported to Lisa Brunwin of the Torbay Coast and Countryside Trust. With no records in 2005 this, as far as I know, is the only record reported this year. Eilema caniola (Hb.) Hoary Footman — Another species away from its normal habitat which is coastal (live a mile from the coast). 22 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society ae Teignmouth at light, 17.8.2006. A further specimen was seen at Bere Alston, several miles from the coast, but near the river Tavy, at light on 13.8.2000. Hyphoraia testudinaria (Geoffroy) Patton’s Tiger — A first for Devon and borrowed for this Exhibition. Taken at Abbotskerswell, 12.6.2006 at light, Barry Henwood. Diacrisia sannio (Hb.) Clouded Buff — Bred from a female taken at the same time as C.pendularia. This is the first time I have encountered the female of this species and it was interesting forcing them through to adult. Papestra biren (Goeze) Glaucous Shears — With Paul Stubbs first year at Princetown, it was difficult to get a true estimate of this species on Dartmoor. This year he has seen double figures of this moth in his trap. This one was taken at light 1.6.2006, Princetown, Dartmoor. Aporopbhyla lutulenta (D. and S.) Deep-brown Dart — Since Paul Butter moved house from Countess Wear, Exeter around 2002/3 we have had no records of this species until 2005 when we had new members in the same area who have recorded this at their sites at Clyst St. Mary and Topsham; the moth obviously likes the marshy conditions around this part of Exeter. Countess Wear is but a mile away from the other sites. This specimen from Clyst St. Mary, 20.9.2006, at light. Dryobota labecula (Esp). Oak Rustic — Although taken last year, I have included this new species for Devon although probably a migrant. Taken at light, Holcombe, 9.12.2005, the first warm night after an extremely cold spell. We have masses of holly oak in the area and I have plans to see if we can entice any more out this autumn/winter. Acronicta aceris (L.) Sycamore — Apart from old records around Plymouth around 1948, the species did not exist in Devon. The first recent records were from East Devon in 1978 with the next sighting in 1997. It made it to Exmouth by 2001/2 and slowly spread west and north making Dawlish Warren in 2004, Watersmeet, Cullompton, Tiverton and Chudleigh by 2005 and Prawle Point, Dartmouth and finally, I got one in Teignmouth 17.7.2006, at light. No doubt it will continue spreading westward, but why did it not occur before? Cryphia algae (Fab.) Tree-lichen Beauty — NEW SPECIES FOR DEVON. The first records for Devon were taken by Bill Deakins (WJD), Ilsham Marine Drive, Torquay on 4th and 5th August 2006, one on the first night and two on the second; one of these. the one 36 Volume 66 « February 2007 23 shown, was retained as a voucher. I resolved to look in woodland as close as possible to the original site, and on 9.8.2006 Barry Henwood and I ran our lights in Manor Wood, Torquay Ulsham Marine Drive WJD residence was about '/2 mile away). Knowing that this moth comes in early and it was not a brilliant night, we stayed until 23.30, however one came in as we were packing up, so perhaps it is Stanune to-loreed inthe. area, time will tell. Published in the next edition of Entomologist’s Record. Thalpophila matura (Hufn.) Straw Underwing — There have been very few records down the years, and from 1975 to the present day we have only 4 records from VC3 and VC4; this includes the latest one from Tytherleigh near Chardstock, Alan Jenkins, at light, September 20006 Arenostola phragmitidis (Hb.) Fen Wainscot — With any reed beds miles away, this is another species well away from its normal habitat. Kingsteignton, 19.7.2006, at light, Brian King. Proxenus hospes (Freyer) Porter's Rustic - NEW SPECIES FOR DEVON. We had two of these in two days, Barry Henwood took one at light at Abbotskerswell on 20.8.2006, and I took the second one at light at Teignmouth on 22.8.20060. Deltote uncula (Cl.) Silver Hook — DMG had been searching suitable areas on Dartmoor looking for places where this species could reliably be found. My Field Meeting at Challacombe provided one answer. At least 8 specimens were seen, at light, on 17.6.2006. The species can also be found on Braunton Burrows. Autographa gamma (L.) Silver Y — Among the hundreds of these that came to our lights, this strange washed-out specimen, which is crippled in the hind wings, came to my trap in Teignmouth on 21.97.2000: C. fraxini (L.) Clifden Nonpareil. — The first record for Devon was away back in 1895 from Westward Ho! We have had no records since a recorder moved to Uplyme, near Lyme Regis when one was taken at light on 28.9.2004 with another the following year, 3.10.2005. This year it was the turn of Exmouth, one was taken in September 2006 by Dave Walls. | Other interesting migrant species seen in Devon where I have not got i specimens were: | Crocallis dardoinaria (Donzel) Dusky Scalloped Oak. — A FIRST RECORD FOR DEVON Exmouth, at light, 21.9.2006, Dave Walls 24 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society ad Platyperigea Redenii (Freyer) Clancy’s Rustic. — Plymouth, at light, 23.9.2006, Bob Heckford. This is the second record for Devon, (the first, Uplyme, near Lyme Regis, at light, 14.10.2005. Uplyme had a further specimen at light on 27.9.20006.) Roy McCormick, 3375 Interesting Species from Scotland and Dorset in 2006 Zygaena loti loti ssp. scotica (Rowland-Brown) — Slender Scotch Burnet. The species at Loch Scridian, Isle of Mull, Scotland on 25.6.2006 was very common including mating pairs, but among them were a couple of miniature forms one of which is shown here along with a normal size example for comparison. Crambus ericella (Hb.) — This very fresh example from Rannoch Moor, Scotland on 27.6.2006. We were just a couple of days early to see the main emergence. Rheumaptera hastata hastata f. nigrescens (Prout) Argent & Sable — We were bang on time for this on 27.6.2006, Rannoch Moor, Scotland; fresh specimens every one, but not easy to catch. Minoa murinata (Scop). Drab Looper — The species was very common on 31.5.2006 at Stubbhampton Bottom, Dorset, five or six at a time could be knocked up; I must have seen at least 50-60 examples. Orthosia opima (Hb.) Northern Drab — We had to tuck ourselves out of the breeze on Fontmel Down, Dorset, 6.5.2006 at light, but we still managed to see six of this chalkland form. Cryphia algae (Fab.) Tree-lichen Beauty — A trip to east Kent on 24.7.2006, found this to be the commonest moth. Hyppa rectilinea (Esp.) Saxon — This specimen from near Portree, Isle of Skye on 28.6.2006, at light; we saw two others on the same trip. David Oram, 7127 North American Butterflies Some Lepidoptera from Alberta and British Columbia, Canada during the period 31 August to 15 Sept 2006. Most of the specimens were taken from the Rocky Mountain area near Camnore, Alberta and the Okanagan Valley, British Colombia. Pieris rapae (Small White); Pieris callidice (Peak white); Colias philodice (Common Sulphur) te Volume 66 « February 2007 25 Colias nastes (Artic Green Sulphur, male) — There are light spots in the black border of both males and females, other Colias have light spots in the border only in the females. Colias eurytheme (Orange Sulphur or Alfalfa Butterfly) Nymphalis milberti (Fire-Rim Tortoiseshell) — It has been said that the flame like bands on the upper side of this species are unique, see J.A.Scott 1986 Polygonia satyrus (Golden Anglewing) Polygonia faunus (Green Comma or Green Anglewing) — There are six species of comma (anglewings) found in North America, these two species were found near streams a common site for them. Nymphalis antiopa (Mourning Cloak) — It appears to have one flight in the northern parts of N. America, while up to three in Southern U.S.A. Adults in Canada and far north reappear in June-July and go into aestivation (= “summer hibernation”) until the Autumn. Then they feed and grow fat, then hibernate. They emerge and mate in the spring. The adults sip flower nectar, sap, fruit and mud, often landing on the trunk above the sap and then crawling down to it. Males perch from mid morning to early evening on branches in valley bottoms to await females. Lycaena helloidies (Purplish Copper) Reference Scott J.A. (1986); The Butterflies of North America. Graham R Smith, 4950 Lepidoptera and Some Other Insects of Libya As one might expect, Libya is not a country renowned for butterflies. Despite covering a vast surface area of nearly 1.8 Million square kilometres, the land is 90% desert or semi-desert. The population of the country is only 5.5 million, with the majority living on the coastal region. The country has been effectively closed to the west for many years and therefore unspoilt by tourist development. My family visit to Libya was to coincide with the total solar eclipse of 29th March 2006. I had only limited and brief opportunities to sample the local insects as our tour party was escorted by armed police most of the time whilst | ashore in the country! Libya must be relatively unexplored / entomologically and the habitats near the coast, both picturesque and diverse, could provide a number of surprises. 26 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3d The small case of Lepidoptera exhibited contained the following specimens: (most English names seemed very inappropriate): Melanargia ines — Spanish Marbled White A reasonable number could be seen flying over some rough, disturbed roadside ground with long grasses and bushes east of the town of Al Mari. Tomares ballus — Provence Hairstreak A few were present around the ruins of a former Greek civilisation at Cyrene and were very well camouflaged whilst settled with closed wings. Thymelicus hamza — Morrocan Small Skipper Quite numerous flying over the same ground as M. ines and frequently settling on loose rocks and bare earth. They appear slightly darker than the European Small Skipper, 7hymelicus sylvestris, and the males have a more pronounced “eyebrow” on the upper forewing. The undersides of the antennae are orange. Both the Skippers and Marbled Whites were flying considerably earlier than stated in certain textbooks (May) and it was quite difficult to believe that it was only the end of March as the equivalent UK butterflies are normally associated with July. Euchloe belemia — Green Striped White Not uncommon around Cyrene. A strong flying species which maintains a fairly straight path, pausing occasionally to feed. Noctuid Moth (possibly a variant of Helothis armigera, Bordered Straw?) At rest on the cruise ship MV PERLA in Benghazi harbour. 2. Geometrid Moths (including a species of “Mocha Moth”) Settled on inside walls at the entrance to the ruined Roman city of Leptis Magna near Tripoli. : The exhibit was accompanied by a map and notes and also included images of insects from various orders, which were photographed during the visit. Theo Tamblyn, Bug Club Member 12075, Aged 9, First Prize in the Ansorge Award 2006 The Eyed Hawk Moth I first came across the Eyed Hawkmoth when a friend of mine gave me twenty eggs laid by a female at a moth night. Of the twenty, only twelve survived. Of that twelve, one pair bred and produced over a hundred eggs — these were my second generation of the moths. The EEE ————— 36 Volume 66 « February 2007 27 stock lived on to produce a third generation, the pupa of which I released under willow trees. The display contains several photographs taken during the growth stages, and several specimens — unfertilised eggs, caterpillar skins, open pupae and an adult that died, unfortunately. Also present was my notebook in which I recorded the different breeding cycles and the caterpillars in close-up. The Eyed Hawkmoth gets its name from the blue eyespots on the hind-wings, which can be seen on my specimen. Scott Tytheridge, Bug Club member 12375, aged 12, Second Prize in the Ansorge Award 2006 Tropical Millipedes and African Giant Land Snails My exhibit is made up of two millipedes and two snails. The two millipedes are called Monty and Minty. They are both Giant African Blacks and they are very lively and very good eaters. Their terrarium is lush, with hiding places and wonderful space. I hold them regularly and enjoy keeping them, bearing in mind I only acquired them a few weeks ago. My snails are slightly different as they are not suitable to be handled and are only slightly active at night when they come out to scrunch the lettuce I put out for them. Paul Waring, 4220 Moths as omens of good and bad fortune Certain moths are considered omens, some good and some bad, in many cultures across the world. In the accompanying display case are three examples:- 1. Hummingbird Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum (L.) 2006 has been a great year for this species, with many sightings throughout the British Isles, usually of singletons visiting flowers for nectar by day. In the Mediterranean area this moth is considered a bearer of good news. I saw one in Kent earlier on the same day in 2000 that my daughter was born! 2. Death’s-head Hawk-moth Acherontia atropos (L.) With the skull-like marking on the thorax of this moth, it is little wonder that it is widely regarded throughout Europe as an omen of death. Both the English and scientific names refer to death and hell. 28 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society ae This immigrant moth is rarely seen in the British Isles — in former times it was usually when attracted to bee-hives, which they rob of honey, but nowadays it is more often recorded in light-traps. I well remember a local farmer in Oxfordshire telling me in the 1970s that if I saw one it meant that someone in the family was going to die soon. 3. Black Witch moth Ascalapha odorata (L.) This moth of Central and South America, and southern Texas and Florida, occasionally migrates northwards in the USA and widely in the Caribbean. Mainly nocturnal, this large insect seeks out sheltered roosts by day, sometimes entering houses to do so. Itus also, often encountered attracted to over-ripe fruit. Throughout its range the moth is associated with much folk-lore, a substantial amount of which is collected at the web-site www/texasento.net/witch.html. It is considered to bring both good and bad luck, depending on the circumstances. For example, on Cat Island in the Bahamas, the moth is known as a Money Moth or Moneybat and the legend is that if it lands on you, you will come into money. In Hawaii, the moth is sometimes considered the soul of a loved one returning to see you. Paul Waring, 4220 Polyphemus as ambassador for moths In May 2006 I captured a female of the North American emperor moth Antheraea polyphemus (Cram.) whilst light-trapping with members of the Kentucky Lepidopterists’ Society in Paducah, Kentucky, USA (Photo 1). She laid about 50 eggs before I released her a couple of nights later. The eggs were brought back to the British Isles and about forty adult moths were reared from them, eating half the foliage from my apple tree as huge green caterpillars before emerging as adult moths in July. Throughout their life-cycle some of these individuals travelled with me to various schools and to the annual conference of the Black Environment Network. At all these places they served as an example of the wonders of moths, often to people who have seldom encountered them. In the display case is a male A. polyphemus. Please note the large feathery antennae with which he is able to detect the scent of the egg- laden female from hundreds of metres away. Also included is the substantial silken cocoon. The photographs show children from a primary school in Blackburn, Lancashire, and delegates at the Black Environment Network Volume 66 « February 2007 29 Photo 1. School-teacher and children in Blackburn, Lancashire, examining the Death’s Head Hawk-moth and the Black Witch moth brought along by Paul Waring. Both these moths are widely regarded as omen’s of death, in the Old and New Worlds respectively. Photo 2. Paul Waring showing A. polyphemus silk-moth caterpillar to school children in Blackburn, Lancashire during National Insect Week, June 2006. 30 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3d Annual Conference, examining the nearly fully-grown polyphemus caterpillars during presentations in which we considered the silk trade and other ways in which moths have influenced humans and human culture. In July the children in Blackburn enjoyed seeing the adult moths emerge, while another batch were taken along to my daughter’s school in Peterborough, where they flew round the class-rooms and were the focus for project work on moths and butterflies. Len Winokur, 8070 More noteworthy moths and a caddis fly from London Zoo An exhibit showing some of the native species recorded at London Zoo on the night of 4 June 2006, which supplement the results of the Zoo’s first recording session in recent history in 2004 (AES Bulletin Volume 64 Number 460, June 2005, pages 92-95). Recording was centred on native species living wild in the grounds. An MV light (ultra-violet emitting) and sheet were set up along the ‘Woodland Walk’ that borders the Regents Canal, at the foot of the first set of steps one encounters walking west. This spot, near the aye-aye compound, was the same one I surveyed with the London Zoological Society and British Entomological and Natural History Society during the 2004 session, and makes for useful comparison. The light went on at a 10.15 p.m. The species exhibited illustrated a history of colonisation and expansion in Britain, life history and behaviour quirks, and problems of identification: Common Swift Hepialus lupulinus (L.) — A dusk-flyer and this male arrived as the light went on. Might the species’ activity levels on a given night provide an early indication of moth activity in general? Lime Hawkmoth Mimas tiliae (L.) — Another early arrival, at 10.30 p.m. It is not restricted to lime. Supplementary hostplants include birch and, in the London area, plane and wild cherry cultivars. Caddis fly Phryganea grandis (L.) - Among a melee of slender-winged caddis flies Corder Trichoptera) was this male of Britain’s largest species — females reach 64mm (21/2 inches) across. P. grandis inhabits still and slow-moving water. Water is strongly UV-reflective, and one hypothesis for the powerful draw of MV lamps to aquatic species is that they mistake the cue for water. Indeed the lamps’ brightness may act as a ‘superstimulus’. Water Veneer Acentria ephemerella (D. & S.) — An aquatic Pyralid moth whose fascinating life history is described in the 2004 Exhibition I i AT TE ae: a er oe Volume 66 « February 2007 31 report. Individuais were fewer than in July 2004. July is their usual onset of emergence, so this one was exceptionally early. The specimen was mounted in its natural resting posture to emphasise its caddis-like form. Light Emerald Campaea margaritata (L.) — Individuals made intermittent appearances, but tended to settle on adjacent vegetation rather than the sheet. A photograph of a fresh individual in its natural resting posture was placed in the display to provide a sense of being among live moths in the habitat. Willow Beauty Peribatodes rhomboidaria (D. & S.) form perfumaria Newman — A moth of variable ground colour which despite some consistent pattern differences from its close relatives can be difficult to identify in isolation. In this species the two forewing cross-lines in the centre of the wing have a jagged quality and converge towards the hind edge. Common Marbled Carpet Chloroclysta truncata (Hufnagel) — Another common and very variable species. A fine female of one of the darker forms was exhibited. The species is distinguished from Dark Marbled Carpet C. citrata L. by the blunter ‘toothed’ projection on the outer forewing cross-band and its more smoothly curved hindwing cross-line. Lime-speck Pug Eupithecia centaureata D. & S. — One of the latest arrivals, first appearing around midnight. Arguably the easiest ‘Pug’ to identify, though in flight it could be mistaken for Least Carpet Idaea rusticata which has also been recorded from the Woodland Walk. The latter species, however, is more habitually a ‘small hours’ flyer. ; Mottled Pug Eupithecia exiguata exiguata (Hubner) — A common ‘Pug’ of woodland, scrub and hedgerows across England and Wales, though more local in Ireland. A worn example, identified by the remnants of broken dark lines along the veins, demonstrated the value of retaining worn moth specimens to enable comparative identification of worn examples in general. Figure of Eighty Tethea ocularis (L.), form fusca Cockayne. — This chocolate coloured form was unknown from Britain before the 1940s, and is believed to have reached south-east England by immigration and then spread. The larvae eat Aspen and other Poplars. Green Pug Pasiphila rectangulata (L.), form anthrax Dietze — I caught anthrax! Anthrax is from the Greek for coal (hence anthracite) and 32 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society tL] lends its name to the disease because victims suffer black skin lesions. Form anthrax retains the green only as a trace-line inside the wing margins, and in many urban areas including London it is the predominant form. Marbled Minor Oligia strigilis (L.) — An example with the outer band greyish-white — a variable feature that when present all but distinguishes this Noctuid from other ‘Minors’. Tawny Marbled Minor Oligia latrunculata (D. & S.) — One of the harder-to-identify ‘Minors’. Confirmation to species will require dissection of the genitalia, but the specimen’s small size, blackish forwings, lack of orange or reddish tufts on thorax point to Tawny Marbled. The capture date rules out the melanic form dethalodes Richardson of Rosy Minor Mesoligia literosa Haworth. Pale Mottled Willow Paradrina clavipalpis (Scopoli) — Drawn towards the light but hid in adjacent herbage. Despite the name, its larvae eat grass seeds — though I did once find one elsewhere on Sallow or ‘Goat Willow’ Salix caprea L. which is a likely supplementary foodplant. A native species reinforced by. migration. White Ermine Spilosoma lubricipeda (L.) — The second member of the Tiger moths family — Arctiidae — to be recorded at the Zoo. Ash Bud Moth Prays fraxinella Donovan — A ‘Micro’ from the family Yponomeutidae, whose young larvae mine the leaves before graduating to the buds. Light Brown Apple-moth Epiphyas postvittana (Walker,) male and female. — An Australian Tortricid that spread wildly after its accidental introduction to Cornwall in 1936. It has one of the most diverse diets of all British moth larvae. In males, the forewings are divided into a yellowish basal zone and a darker red-brown outer zone, whereas in the females they are fulvous with brown tracings. Small Grey Eudonia mercurella (L.) — Pyralids of the subfamily Scopariinae are notoriously hard to tell apart. The Small Grey, however, is visibly darker overall than any similarly sized relative, and the wavy ‘X’ configuration of pale lines in the outer quarter of the forewing reaches all three wing edges. A widespread moth of deciduous woods from June to September, where its caterpillars eat moss. Other species recorded but not exhibited were Brimstone moth Opisthograptis luteolata (L.), Angle Shades Phlogophora meticulosa (L.), and Silver Y Autographa gamma (1.) In all, 21 species including the caddis fly were recorded before I finished up at 2 a.m. The diversity of families and forms, some of t Volume 66 * February 2007 33 some of which were my first encounter, made for a successful evening’s session. Thanks go to Emily Brennan, Zoological Society of London’s Native Species Conservation Officer, for help with organising the session, to my cousin Alisa and her fiancé Shy for providing a handy pretext for squeezing in some more native-species entomology, and to Mike Kelleby for verifying my identification of P. grandis. Copies of this report and the field notes have been passed to Emily and to Paul Pearce-Kelly, Keeper of Invertebrates, for the ZSL records. Stephen Hatch, 12664 Volunteers wanted at the Natural History Museum by Malcolm Simpson (2735) Harvest Lodge, Faxenfields, Abbots Ripton, Camb PE28 2PW. Visits to the Natural History Museum at South Kensington today are quite different from those I remember making in the early to mid 1950s. At that time London’s tube trains carried only a few passengers on a Saturday and there was very little traffic in the streets. Inside the museum, contrary to the crowds encountered today, my recollection is of vast rooms full of row upon row of mahogany specimen cabinets where I would, in almost total solitude, spend hours admiring insects from distant parts of the world. I realise now how privileged I was to have unlimited access to those wonderful collections as the general public are now not so fortunate. The vast collections of insects are housed ‘behind the scenes’ away from the casual visitor. However a great Opportunity now exists for you not just to enjoy them visually but to work amongst them. The Museum’s Department of Entomology are looking for volunteers to work on their modern and historic collections of insects. Building work is well under way on the new state-of-the-art Entomology building at South Kensington. This building is on the site of the old Entomology department, itself an add-on to the older historic Waterhouse building. When the old building was demolished a year ago collections were moved to temporary accommodation in the Origin of Species Gallery and the Lepidoptera to the museum’s outstation at Wandsworth. Work is in progress at both locations to upgrade the 34 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society $< collections into new cabinets and drawers in readiness for the move back to the new building in a few years’ time. The museum is looking for volunteers able to dedicate some time during the week to help with this and other projects. The National Insect Collection has been built up over 300 years, includes several million specimens and is considered to be the most important such collection in the world. It is consulted on a daily basis by specialists worldwide. Volunteers can work on sorting, mounting and curation of recently collected material, curation of both British and world historical collections, and preparation/restoration of recent acquisitions. The collections are housed in a friendly, open plan office space, where volunteers can interact with resident and visiting scientists, curators and other volunteers. Regular or irregular schedules can be accommodated. e No previous experience needed e In-house training is provided e Museum experience can be a valuable addition to your CV e Flexible times: work when you are able to e Free entry to special Museum exhibits and other privileges- e.g. museum shop discounts e Lunch voucher and help with travel expenses e Contribute to the world’s finest insect collection If you would like to be involved with this most interesting and valuable work, please contact: Mike Webb Department of Entomology The Natural History Museum London, SW7 SBD e-mail: m.webb@nhm.ac.uk Tel: 020 7942 5736 36 Volume 66 + February 2007 35 Meloé rugosus (Marsham) Coleoptera: Meloidae by Rosemiranda Hibbert (11470) “Hatch Manor”, East Hatch, Tisbury, SALISBURY, Wiltshire SP3 SPH On the morning of 22nd April 2006 I was running down to take our pet lambs for a walk. I ran past our new stone track and then backed up and saw the most amazing beetle sitting in long field grass. It looked as though an ant was crawling out of a cocoon as the back half of its body did not match the front half. I picked it up and ran to my dad and showed it to him. He said it was a beetle turning from a larva to an adult, but as it was an unusual beetle I had never seen before, I ran up and started looking through some beetle books. I spotted the page with oil and blister beetles and I knew it was one of them. Then we went on the internet and typed in British Oil Beetles and found a whole website on them (www.Buglife.org.uk). Of the original nine, there are three kinds still found in Britain. One (Meloé rugOSUus) Was SO rare we could not find details about it — which made it very exciting. Maybe our specimen was the very rare one! Of the other two, one was more common. The Violet Oil Beetle (Meloé violaceus Marsham) has been seen much more than the Black Oil Beetle (Meloe proscarabaeus L.). Mine did not look like either of these. We also found out about their amazing life cycle. A female adult oil beetle burrows in sandy soil near some flowers and lays about 1000 coral eggs that will not hatch for another year. Once hatched, they climb to the top of a flower hoping to hitch a ride with a solitary bee (of which there are many species). To have the best chance of hitching a ride, they hide in flowers so that when the bee comes along for pollen it picks up the larva too. Once in the bee’s burrow, it finds the bee’s egg and eats it. After the big meal it then develops into a more mature grub and then eats all the stored pollen. The larva pupates in the bee’s nest and emerges as a fully grown adult oil beetle ready to mate and start the amazing cycle all over again. We then sent a picture our beetle to a friend at the Natural History Museum, Dr Max Barclay, head of the Entomology Department, to help me to identify it. He said he thought it was Meloé rugosus, the rare one! _I got a second opinion from our local beetle expert and recorder, _ Michael Darby. He had a specimen from North Wiltshire collected | | _ nearly forty years ago but this was half the size of ours. In the end he | decided it had to be Meloé rugosus. WOW! a 36 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society a6 Volume 66 « February 2007 3/7 As I was about to go to a day of AES lectures I took my beetle with me to London in a small house. It was confirmed as a female Meloé rugosus, probably bearing eggs, and everyone wanted to see her. This beetle is extremely rare and on the red list. I wanted to keep her alive so she could lay her eggs. The following week I went to check on her and she was not there. Instead, in the soil was a pile of coral eggs that looked like fish roe. We took the eggs and placed them in the grass where we had found her. It was sad not to have her in our collection but it was more important to me that she was able to lay her eggs and hopefully produce more of those rare beetles! Detailed measurements 26 mm overall (tip of antennae to tip of tail) stretched out,moving. 21 mm overall Gength when stationary). 20mm thorax length, when moving 15 mm thorax length, stationary (hunched up) 6 mm antennae 3 mm pronotum 2 mm head 6 mm head plus pronotum (when moving) Pronotum- longitudinal slit top to bottom _ Pronotum as Fig 5 _ Antennae- twelve sections 38 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society a3 Antennae as Fig 8 Thorax- six segments (first just visible between parting of the wings) Thorax- phalange along lower outer edge Thorax,- pitted spots just above phalange- black on black Thorax- matt black above, underside shiny. Figure references refer to Alex Ramsay’s article (reference: below.) Reference Ramsay, Alex. Identification of British Oil Beetles. British Wildlife Magazine Oct 2002. Another Unknown Caterpillar Found! by Nick Holford, AES Registrar, (3804), Roger Bennett, (12705) and Dafydd Lewis, AES Council, (10103) AES Member Roger Bennett, of Birmingham, found a species of caterpillar that he was unable to identify. Being a Lepidopterist, in his words, “he assumed it to be Lepidopteran”. His observations were as follows: Several were found on the underside of Iris leaves growing out of an urban pond. They were lying stationary on the leaf, with their long axis parallel to the leaf midrib, and were some 40cm above the water. They were 25mm long and 4mm wide. In general they were light brown in colour, with a pale ventral surface. They had a narrow ill-defined darker dorsal line with two similar but broader lateral lines. Each segment had two parallel rows of about six small white dots running from the dorsal dark line to the lateral ones. The head was small and black. He observed — “I saw them on 5th June, 2006. I removed one in order to try to identify it. I left all the four others in place. On returning the removed specimen an hour or so later all had disappeared — whether through predation (they were visible from a considerable distance being of a darker coloration on green leaves), or their own movement, I do not know.” There were signs of leaf damage near the caterpillars and these tended to be in the form of oblong slots between the veins of the Jris. This caterpillar is most probably that of the sawfly Rhadinoceraea micans. The adult is similar to that of the related species, Phymatocera a met PI SRA ERI |] Volume 66 « February 2007 39 daterrima, and is black and medium sized (about 8-10mm long). Rhadinoceraea micans is found on Iris pseudocorus, but also on certain garden Iris species. It is stated as being extremely local in distribution, though common where it is found, and is sedentary in its behaviour — hence it would be extremely slow in its colonisation of other areas. It is found during May and June, mainly south of the line from the Wash to the Severn, but also in Shropshire and Cheshire. His final comment in his letter is “Sadly I did not do a drawing as, in my innocence, I believed that the features described were probably so obvious it would not be needed. I have learnt my lesson!” In reality, it is something we could all benefit from doing. Old Lady moths Wormo maura L.) roosting by Michael Ferris (12738) 46 Abbey Road, Selsdon, Surrey CR2 8NG. I have made some observations of Old Lady moths (Mormo maura L.) in my garden. We have an open-sided shed that has been used as a roosting place by the Old Lady moths. In August 2005 there were regular counts of over 20 individuals in the shed. The most ever was 24. I noted how they grouped together when roosting in a corner of the shed on the blind side of a roof support. They are frequent visitors to the sugar patch along with Copper Underwings (Amphipyra pyramidea L. and. A. berbera svenssoni Fletch.) Sadly, this year they seem to have deserted the shed. I wonder whether our use of an MV moth trap nearby has somehow put them off? They have roosted there for many years now. 40 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society ad AES/RES Exhibition, York Racecourse Saturday 14 April 2007 by Malcolm Simpson (2735) 6 Faxenfields, Abbots Repton, Cambs, PE28 2PW. Our first exhibition held jointly with the Royal Entomological Society in April 2000 was a big success and we are currently planning the next one which will take place at York Racecourse on Saturday 14 April 2007. Entomological dealers will be in attendance offering livestock, specimens, equipment, books and other items to satisfy your entomological requirements. A limited number of dealer’s spaces are available from as little as £14 for a half table unit and details of these are available from Wayne Jarvis. This exhibition is an opportunity for members to share their interest through having an exhibit and already a good number of requests for exhibition space have been received. Awards will be made for the best exhibits, including generous Junior awards, so if you have not yet entered an exhibit, please prepare one now and apply for free exhibition space by completing the ‘Members Exhibit Space’ form supplied with your Bulletin. It should be sent to Nick Holford before 18th March for him to reserve space for you. It is planned that this exhibition will be bigger and better involving extra attractions such as interactive displays, talks and an entomological ‘goody bag’ for children attending the exhibition. So please come along, bring a friend with you and enjoy a great event. A strong advertising campaign has commenced involving entomological journal advertising, backed up with posters, leaflets and publicity material being distributed to relevant organizations such as libraries, museums, universities, schools and butterfly houses. Regional newspapers, ‘What’s On’ guides and local radio will all be involved and the exhibition details will be posted on the AES website. All this activity is being co-ordinated by the RES PR agency, Cicada Public Relations Ltd, who wili also promote the exhibition on their website. Make sure you do not miss this exciting event. Put the date in your diary and we look forward to seeing you on 14th April. NAP new publication Volume | of a collection of 3 volumes which cover most of the moths of Europe. Author: Patrice LERAUT Moths of Europe Saturnids, Lasiocampids, Hawkmoths and Tiger Moths Volume 1 Published in English More than [9000 illustrations of moths This guidebook covers around 500 moths (Lepidoptera, Heterocera) traditionally gathered under general names of Saturnids, Lasiocampids, Hawkmoths, Tiger Moths, Swifts and so on. The great majority of the Arctiidae, Sphingidae, Lasiocampidae, Saturniidae, Endromidae, Lemoniidae, Bombycidae, Drepanidae, Axiidae, Limacodidae, Notodontidae, Lymantriidae, Brahmaeidae, Castniidae, Heterogynidae, Somabrachyidae, Cossidae, Hepialidae and Thyrididae of Europe and neighbouring regions are covered and illustrated. In addition, 3 new species are described. 78 colour plates Precise descriptions of each species with “Hardback cover information on biology, with distribution maps. Bound book Line drawings highlighting certain characters and Format 13 x 20,5 cm structure of genitalia for taxa more resistant to 400 pages 59€ (+7 € postage for one book +2 € by additional book) identification. Payment accepted by international money order, international visa card, bank transfer, cheques in euros. For more than one copy and grouped orders, contact us by email, fax, or post at the address below. © N.AP Editions : 3 chemin des hauts graviers - 91370 Verrieres Le Buisson - France Tel. (+33).1.60.13.59.52 - fax (+33).1.60.13.01.33 napedit@wanadoo.fr For further information consult http://www.napeditions.com IN 2 W Ecology, Phenotypes and the Mendelian Genetics of Burnet Moths by W. G. Tremewan Describes in detail the toxic properties of burnet moths, their relationship with avian predators, their variation and what causes such variation. Many genotypes responsible for the colour morphs have been determined and whether they form part of a multiple allelomorphic series or whether dominance or multifactorial inheritance is involved. xvi + 390pp including 194 figs (163 in colour). Hardback. Price £79 + p&p £6 Stratford-upon-Avon — A Flora and Fauna by John M. Price A book demonstrating the amazing richness of species thriving in a small town. Over 3400 species listed with distribution notes and frequency. Price £+ £6.50 + p&p £1 Butterflies on British and Irish Offshore Islands by R. L. H. Dennis and T. G. Shreeve A synthesis of butterfly records for 219 of Britain’s and Ireland’s offshore islands. 144pp, softback. Price £+6 £8 + p&p £1.20 The Moths and Butterflies of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly by F. H. N. Smith Systematic list of localities, dates and provenance for over 1500 species. 480pp including 152 colour illustrations. Hardback. Price £44£22+ p&p £3 HPM Volume 1 Sesiidae — Clearwing Moths Covering 309 species of this family known in the Palaearctic region. With synonymic list, full data on male and female genitalia, bionomics and habitat, and distribution. 592pp, 487 superb colour illustrations. Hardback with jacket. Price +20 £60 + p&p £6 GEM PUBLISHING COMPANY GEM) Brightwood, Brightwell, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 0QD Payments by cheque, Visa or MasterCard. E-mail: info@gempublishing.co.uk W/ Natural History Books = —. Ss (Pemberle y Books) é on i), | 4 ne Specialist in Entomology and related subjects Also Zoology, Ornithology, Botany ete. ® CATALOGUES — Second-hand, Antiquarian and New books = free catalogues available on request. SPECIALIST BOOKSHOP at Richings Park, Iver, just to the West of London — easy to reach by car or train. Visitors are welcome to visit and view our stock, but please telephone first to confirm opening times. * By car: only 10 minutes drive from the M25 via the M4 (Junction 5), or M40 (Junction 1). [5 minutes from Heathrow Airport. * By train: 20 minutes from London Paddington to Iver Station on the Paddington-Slough Thames Trains service (2 trains every hour). We are 1 minute’s walk from Iver Station. WEBSITE — view our stock on our website: wwww.pemberleybooks.com BOOKS BOUGHT — We are always interested in purchasing books in our specialist field, particularly antiquarian, academic and scholarly works on insects and other invertebrates. 18 BATHURST WALK, RICHINGS PARK, IVER, BUCKS SLO 9AZ Tel: 01753 631114/ Fax: 01753 631115 ¢ e-mail: ian.johnson@pemberleybooks.com Being a member of the Royal Entomological Society and the Amateur Entomologists’ Society has the advantage of discount on all our publications. Discounts are only available if the subscriptions are fully up Amateur to date. Single copies only may be purchased on discount. Postage & Entomologists’ Society Preparing and maintaining a collection of Butterflies and Moths by P. May and M. White. A practical manual detailing the various methods used to prepare specimens for a collection, from killing methods, setting the specimens and repairing damaged ones, to storage and preservation, including pest prevention and cure. 21 pages. 4 figures and 5 plates. (2006) £4.85 Members price £3.65 The Hymenopterist’s Handbook by Dr. C. Betts ev. al. 2nd edition dealing with the history of their families, classification and structures; natural history; studying, collecting, breeding, attracting and preserving Hymenoptera. Appendices include keys to the families. 214 pages with numerous tables, keys and figures (1986) £11.45 Members price £ 8.60 Revised Flight Tables for the Hymenoptera Revised flight tables for the Hymenoptera giving, wherever possible, times, location, flower visits and some indication of distribution and abundance. 24 pages (1988) £ 3.10 Members price £ 2.35 A Coleopterist’s Handbook Edited by J.Cooter & M.V.L.Barclay The Coleopterist’s Handbook, is now available as a fully revised and expanded fourth edition. Nomenclature has been brought inline with current use, collecting/curatorial methods reflect best practice and planv/beetle and beetle/plant lists are included together. Recent additions to the Bntish fauna, modern and traditional techniques are included. All advice and comment given in the book is based upon collective years of practical experience of both curatorial methods and field craft; beetle family chapters have each been written by an internationally recognised authority. 496 pages including 32 colour plates. £54.00 Members price £ 39.00 Host plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations A list of a wide range of plants, in alphabetical order, together with the beetle species that have been recorded as being associated with them. 24 pages (1992) £3.10 Members price £ 2.35 A Silkmoth Rearer’s Handbook by B.0.C. Gardiner SPECIAL OFFER PRICE £ 7.70 No further discounted price available A Dipterist’s Handbook by A_E. Stubbs, PJ. Chandler and others A practical handbook for both the beginner and the initiated on collecting, breeding and studying the two-winged flies. Describes equipment, trapping, preservation, habitat, plant and animal associations and behaviour. Includes a detailed chapter on larval stages with an illustrated key to families. An essential book for the keen Dipterist. 260 pages with drawings of larvae and equipment (1978, reprinted 1996) £14.20 Members price £ 10.60 Practical Hints for Collecting and Studying the Microlepidoptera by P.A. Sokoloff. A practical manual for those interested in the smaller moths, describing techniques for collecting adult moths, collecting immature stages, breeding, killing, setting and mounting. A list of useful books and journals as well as details of societies and suppliers is included. 40 pages, 11 figures (1980) £4.20 Members price £ 3.15 Rearing and Studying Stick and Leaf-Insects by P. D. Brock Specifically intended for beginners, although it is also suitable for experienced Phasmid enthusiasts, it is one of the few guides to rearing that features the majority of the culture stocks available, 22 species in detail. The informative text is complimented by 8 colour plates, 14 black and white plates and 29 figures. (New edition, 2003) £11.20 Members price £ 8.20 The Study of Stoneflies, Mayflies and Caddisflies by T.T. Macan A comprehensive guide to collecting and studying the biology and ecology of these aquatic insects. 44 pages, 10 figures and bibliography (1982) £4.20 Members price £ 3.15 Breeding the British Butterflies by P.W. Cribb A practical handbook covering all aspects of butterfly breeding, including general techniques, equipment and hints on how to breed each of the British species. 60 pages, 6 figures, 5 plates, Revised (2001) £5.20 Members price £ 3.85 Practical Hints for the Field Lepidopterist by J.W. Tutt Written at the turn of the century, this book has been reprinted because of its scarcity and value to students of Lepidoptera. It gives a complete month by month guide to which species and stages of macros and micros to look for and how to find them. Also contains a biological account of the early stages and how to keep, rear, photograph and describe them. 422 pages. Hardback. (Reprinted 1994). Members price £ 18.30 Packing - Free to U.K. addresses, Overseas add 10%. An index to the modern names for use with J.W. Tutt’s Practical Hints for the Field Lepidopterist by B.0.C. Gardiner A valuable cross-reference guide between the scientific and English names used in the early 1900s and the present time. £4.70 Members price £3.50 A Guide to Moth traps and their use by R. Fry and P. Waring The first sections deal with the measurement and properties of light leading into the types of lamp available and the electrical circuits needed to operate them. The next sections give details of the construction of the most popular traps used in the UK. The last half deals with the practical use of traps in the field including where and when to trap, limitations of traps and their relative performance. 68 pages, 21 figures, 15 plates (1996) £6.85 Members price £ 5.05 The Amazing World of Stick and Leaf Insects by Paul D. Brock A superb, comprehensive guide, for all those intrigued by these groups of insects. Topics covered include structure, fascinating facts, life history and development, defence behaviour, enemies, collecting, breeding (including trouble shooting), preserving, taxonomic studies, important collections in Museums etc. around the world and elaborate stories, beliefs and poems. Also outlines the major known species around the world on a regional basis. A section on Fossils is included. Includes a comprehensive glossary of the technical terms used in the description and classification of stick and leaf-insects. Hardback AS, 184 pages, 46 figures, 26 black and white plates and 40 pages of colour plates (containing 83 photographs and 4 drawings/paintings of insects and their habitats). (1999) £ 18.90 Members price £ 14.10 Rearing Parasitic Hymenoptera by M. Shaw This booklet provides information on the parasitic Hymenoptera to enable successful studies to be made of this little understood group of the British insect fauna. Details are given on the general biology of parasitic wasps, rearing principles, efficient rearing practices and detailed methods of dealing with adult wasps. 52 pages, 4 colour plates (New edition — 2001) £5.70 Members price £ 4.20 Larval Foodplants of the British Butterflies by Peter May A comprehensive compilation of the known larval foodplants of our native and immigrant butterflies. Also including “How to Encourage Butterflies to Live in Your Garden” by the late Peter Cribb 62 pages. (2003) £7.40 Members price £ 5.45 Glossary for the Young Lepidopterist £1.05 6 pages, 2 figures. (1951) Members price £ 0.90 A Label List of European Butterflies £2.35 20 pages. (Revised 1981) Members price £ 1.85 Some British Moths Reviewed Aid to the identification of some of the more difficult species. Reprinted from the Amateur Entomologist Vol. 5 (1941) and a Guide to the Critical Species of Lepidoptera, reprinted from Entomologists’ Gazette 1969-72. 64 pages, 6 black and white plates, numerous figures (1985) £4.45 Members price £ 3.35 Butterflies of Cyprus 1998 (Records of a years sightings) by Eddie John Observations of the 44 species of butterfly found on the island in 1998 including notes on each species and distribution maps. 46 pages (2000) £4.30 Members price £ 3.25 Collecting Het.Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) £1.20 12 pages (including 2 plates). (1946) Members price £ 1.00 Collecting Clearwings £1.10 12 pages (including 2 plates), 4 figures. (1946) Members price £ 1.00 Collecting Lacewings £ 2.25 9 pages, 8 figures, 5 plates. (2nd edition 1976) Members price £ 1.75 An Amateur’s Guide to the Study of the Genitalia of Lepidoptera 16 pages, 15 figures. (1973) £3.10 Members price £2.35 Rearing the Hymenoptera Parasitica £2.55 16 pages, | plate, 10 figures. (1974) Members price £ 2.00 Rearing Crickets in the Classroom £2.10 12 pages, 2 plates. (1986) (Reprinted 1993) Members price £ 1.65 Guidelines for Entomological Site Surveys £3.10 Published on behalf of the JCCBI. 7 pages (2000) (Reprinted 2003) Members price £ 2.35 The Journal of the Entomological Exchange and Correspondence Club 1935-1936 An AES Jubilee Publication. Fascinating reprint of the very first volume of the AES journal. 100 pages. £4.20 Members price £ 3.35 All the above publications sent post free to U.K. addresses. Outside U.K. please add 10% to order value for postage by surface mail. For postage by air-mail outside Europe please add 30% to order value. Please allow 28 days delivery. Please make all cheques/postal orders payable to ‘AES Publications’ and send to: AES Publications, 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA. Telephone 01277 224610 ¢ Fax: 01277 262815 « E-mail: aespublications @ btconnect.com Saturday, 21st April, 2007 in the Flett Events Theatre at the National History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD This year’s Members’ Day is a joint event with the Members of the Natural History Museum PROGRAMME The event had been designed as a “drop-in” format with overlapping activities for Adult and Bug Club members. There will be Behind thte Scenes Tours (BST) for 12-15 people at a time, each tour lasting about 45 minutes. If demand is high, the tours will be repeated. Tour 1 for adults — the Alfred Russel Wallace Collection (led by George Beccaloni) Tour 2_ for children and families — Orthoptera — the Grasshoppers, Stick Insects etc (led by George Beccaloni) Tour 3 Spiders (led by Jan Beccaloni) Refreshments will be provided in the Events Lobby where there will be: AES Stands * NHM Members’ Stand ¢ NHM Entomology displays Display of live insects * The Simpson Archive of Entomological Memorabilia Please try to let us know in advance by email (dafydd @ amentsoc.org) or via the PO Box, if you plan to attend as this will help us with the catering and other arrangements. Time SCHEDULED EVENTS Flett Theatre NHM events 1.00pm AES Members meet 1.10pm AES AGM - all members present should attend 1.30 Start of Members’ Day events and sign-up for tours 1.45pm Opening Lecture — Malcolm Scoble (NHM Keeper of Entomology) 2.10pm First film for children 2.30-3.15pm Dr Roger Key: “How | became English Nature’s Mad Bug Man” _ BTS Tours 3.15pm David Lonsdale “Entomological Habitat Conservation” 3.45pm BTS Tours 4.00pm Malcolm Simpson “The Simpson Collection of Entomological Memorabilia” 4.30pm Members’ Day ends — members my go round the museum if they wish, or go home. AES AGM and Members’ Day — 2007 Saturday, 21st April, 2007 in the Flett Events Theatre at the National History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD The best entrance to use for the Flett Theatre is the one on Exhibition Road, rather than the main entrance at the front on Cromwell Road. South Kensington Tube is closer to this entrance than is Gloucester Road. How to get there... Ua Se oe Sas iG ees "Memorial on 4. .: be : = ») Gwe we — Alexanord PL TAL GRENVILLE VA ea — a ee ; Co South CS $2 Kensington Y 4 A Ae b NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Bus Routes 9, 10, 49, 70, 207 Underground Gloucester Road and South Kensington stations. Piccadilly, District and Circle lines serve both stations. British Rail Easy access from all major stations. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Volume 66 © Number 470 February 2007 CONTENTS EdlitOriall *...5...25. scssccs-devnesnssoqhencendentscepastilesntesccucetecseresudeweece odtdne aa: =e 1 From The Registrar, Data Protection! Act <2:.-..<.i0.0:c2ec:cecacsesc-sexitesageeeeet ee 2 Kempton Exhibition 2006 — Exinbition Report:....2--.--.<.....2-.--..22---sejscces eee 5 Simpson, M. Volunteers wanted at the Natural History Museum...............:::1ee:eeeeeeeee 33 Hibbert, R. Meloé rugosus (Marsham) Coleoptera: Meloidae..................::ssssesseeeeeeeeeeees 35 Holford, N., Bennett, R. and Lewis, D. Another Unknown Caterpillar Found! ................ 38 Ferris, M. Old Lady moths (Mormo maura L.) TOOStING .............c::ssceeeeceeeeeceeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeees 39 Simpson, M. AES/RES Exhibition, York Racecourse, Saturday 14 April 2007.................... 40 © 2007. The Amateur Entomologists' Society. (Registered Charity No. 267430) All rights reserved. Printed by Cravitz Printing Co, Ltd., 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA. of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Volume 66 © Number 471 April 2007 THE MATURES. PALE T (Yate BEL SS 03 MAY 2007 : PRESENTED ~ pLETOMOLOGYL Ba: Nae POR gra RATA RAT ot ANS cos eed ‘ 3 f :. nn i A Bart Be 8 Kero des “7 4 Boe ™ “YY |SN 0266-836X Editors: Dr P Wilkins & M. Hough Founded in 1935 The AES ¢ BO. Box 8774 * London * SW7 5ZG http://www.amentsoc.org Officers of the Society President: | Mike Majerus Secretary: Ray Crisp Treasurer: — Peter May Registrar: | Nick Holford Bulletin Editors: General Editor: Habitat Conservation Officer: Phil Wilkins & Martin Hough Fiona Merrion-Vass Peter Sutton Advertising Secretary: Exhibition Secretary: Youth Secretary: ICN Editor: Wants & Exchange: Peter Hodge Wayne Jarvis Kieren Pitts David Lonsdale Peter May SUBSCRIPTIONS: First subscriptions should be accompanied by an additional £2 entrance fee, except for Bug Club members under the age of 13 to which this charge does not apply. Renewal charges Ordinary £18.50 Ordinary Overseas £22.00 Bug Club (Junior) £11.00 Bug Club Junior) Overseas £22.00 Family £25.00 Family Overseas £30.00 ADVERTISING RATES: Rates for advertising in the body of the Bulletin are: Full page £60, Half page £40, Quarter page £25. Series discounts and insert charges are available from the Advertising Secretary on request. NOTICE It is to be distinctly understood that all views, opinions, or theories, expressed in the pages of this Journal are solely those of the author(s) concerned. All announcements of meetings, financial grants offered or sought, requests for help or information, are accepted as bona fide. Neither the Editor, the Officers and Council of the Society, nor its Trustees, can be held responsible for any loss, embarrassment or injury that might be sustained by reliance thereon. Worldwide Butterflies www.wwb.co.uk The Worldwide Butterflies website www.wwb.co.uk is a valuable source for Livestock, Equipment, Books anc Specimens. The system enables us to show exactly what livestock is currently available and to update it as the season changes. The Annual Livestock list shows what is expected during the whole year. From time to time there are special Sale Offers of equipment, books, livestock and specimens - an ever changing situation. With the 2007 season in view Equip yourself with the MOONLANDER MOTH TRAP with the new GOODDEN LIGHT Full details on www.wwb.co.uk _ The Moonlander folds totally flat and is contained in a convenient _ Slim shoulder bag. Very lightweight. _Moihs enter from the bottom and cannot escape. Available with mains MV, battery or both. The battery light is the new Goodden Light which has outperformed all _actinic and other previous battery lights. The nearest thing to battery MV! Very low power consumption So will run all night on batteries as small as 5-7 amps. Seeing is believing! ATROPOS ANTIQUES’ PURVEYORS OF FINE COLLECTOR’S CABINETS Many of you will have met us at the AES London Fair where we regularly show entomological cabinets for sale We are specialist dealers in fine collector’s cabinets. We can offer a choice of at least 30 cabinets, varying in purpose, construction, quality and price. We can supply both restored and un-restored cabinets and will undertake to restore and paper cabinets for clients. We are always interested in the purchase or exchange of cabinets, with or without a collection. Callers to our showrooms are always welcome by appointment. We offer a specialist collection and delivery service throughout the UK and have full expertise in the safe transportation of cabinets and collections. George Morgan 97, West Street, Hartland, N. Devon EX39 6BQ T: 01237-441205/984 M: 07973 302190 E-mail: george @ atropos.wanadoo.co.uk We are an independent dealership of 30 years standing and have no association with any similarly named business BRITISH BUTTERFLIES THROUGHOUT THE YEAR This new book from the AES describes the adults of different species of British butterflies, according to the time of year they appear on the wing. Nearly all the 60 British species are illustrated. Focussing on encouraging an interest in entomology among the young, and the young at heart, there is a helpful calendar of flight times and a useful checklist to help you keep track of your observations . Price:£3.80 (Members); £5.00 (Non-Members) (inc. p&p) AES Publications 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA Tel: 01277 224610 E-mail: aespublications @ btconnect.com \ lan Johnson » Natural History Books (Pemberley Books) Specialist in Entomology and related subjects Also Zoology, Ornithology, Botany etc. CATALOGUES — Second-hand, Antiquarian and New books — free catalogues available on request. SPECIALIST BOOKSHOP at Richings Park, Iver, just to the West of London — easy to reach by car or train. Visitors are welcome to visit and view our stock, but please telephone first to confirm opening times. * By car: only 10 minutes drive from the M25 via the M4 (Junction 5), or M40 (Junction 1). 15 minutes from Heathrow Airport. * By train: 20 minutes from London Paddington to Iver Station on the Paddington-Slough Thames Trains service (2 trains every hour). We are 1 minute’s walk from Iver Station. WEBSITE — view our stock on our website: www.pemberleybooks.com. BOOKS BOUGHT — We are always interested in purchasing books in our specialist field, particularly antiquarian, academic and scholarly works on insects and other invertebrates. 18 BATHURST WALK, RICHINGS PARK, IVER, BUCKS SLO 9AZ Tel: 01753 631114/Fax: 01753 631115 © e-mail: ian.johnson@pemberleybooks.com & BUG CLUB Do you want to cuddle a Cockroach, stroke a Stick Insect or hug a Harvestman? The AES Bug Club is for young people or the “young at heart” who find insects and other creepy crawlies interesting and even fascinating. As the junior section of the AES we are devoted to promoting invertebrates to the younger generation who, afterall, will be the entomologists of tomorrow! You can help us in a number of ways, for example: by joining the Bug Club yourself, getting someone else to join the Bug Club, promoting the Bug Club and AES to your jocal school/Scout or Guide Group etc, running a Bug Club event or writing an article for our exciting newsletter. If you can do anything to help then please write to us: AES Bug Club, PO Box 8774, London, SW7 5ZG. Membership details can be found in the front of this Bulletin. t Bulletin Cover — The front cover of this issue shows a fine The ws lC«<(C“SS 2, male Banded Groundling Brachythemis Bul leti nm é leucosticae (Burmeister, 1839). See the GR Baodisias Society article in this Bulletin for further details of its discovery as a new species in Cyprus. B. leucosticta is a distinctive species, with the males having banded wings and white pterostigmata. They can be found flying low over the ground, sometimes in small groups. It is a species classically associated with big game in Africa. It is thought that the dragonfly follows large mammals at watering holes to predate on the small insects that they disturb. As mentioned in the article, it is undergoing a range expansion at present and can be found in several Mediterranean countries. Despite climate change, it seems unlikely that it will be colonising Britain soon, but you never know... Volume 66 * Number 471 April 2007 ISSN G266-836X Editors: Dr R Wilkins & M. Hough Photograph: Christodoulos Makris RRLPASH ey: Prose. VIALE EEE ET OEE. cs We viet LIAAZ. PRT ASEM 3 FY i} + M 200 wy J M ae Si TA ba = e ze a 3° 3 &ed— oF the Amateur PaoniGlosists” Soctetyecssoy 1 OKGY 2 UGRARY i Ate Yd KES POS Dee ISD WH APES SLE PETA A “AT GIS BEML IE Volume 66 ¢ Number 471 April 2007 Editorial I was reading last April’s editorial in which I said that I had intended to have the Bulletin available before the York Exhibition, but ran out of time. Well, history has repeated itself! I enjoyed the day in York and my impression was that it seemed a success. I even found some time outside the Hall to watch the Nomada bees patrolling the Tawny Mining Bee Andrena fulva mines to seek access for some parasitism. There seemed to be a strong emphasis on conservation this year. The final touches are being added to the Bulletin shortly after the Members’ Day at the Natural History Museum. It was good to see such a good turnout. A lot of effort goes into the organisation, so it is pleasing to see many of you. Initial feedback seems to suggest that a good time was had by all! I hope you like the mixture of articles in this issue. I am particularly excited about Nigel Cottle’s discovery of a new dragonfly species for Cyprus. The Society’s links with Cyprus entomology are strong. Eddie John’s Cyprus Butterflies booklet is available via AES Publications and he hopes to write an update for the Bulletin later this year. The observant amongst you will have noticed that calendars confuse me. I put the bedbug photo on last issue’s cover. That was a taster for the article in this issue. I hope it was worth the wait! There are a few articles that had to miss this issue. If you have sent an article, don’t worry it will be published, but possibly after a special issue in June. I cannot reveal any further information yet, but it should be worth the wait. Have a good season and keep the feedback and articles coming! Phil Wilkins 42 BIOLOGICAL RECORDING IN SCOTLAND BRISC WILDLIFE COUNTS PROJECT Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 34 SubscriptionVoucher Scheme The Society is pleased to announce a new scheme whereby a member will receive a voucher entitling them to a reduction of £5 off the following year’s adult subscription for each new member they introduce to the Society, providing the new member has not been a member of the Society in the last two year’s. A maximum of three vouchers may be used for any one years adult subscription, and the vouchers are non- transferable. At current subscription levels, this would mean the adult subscription would be reduced for you to £13.50 if you introduce one new member to the Society, and an increase in membership can only help the Society continue to grow in strength. Can any member who wishes to take part in the scheme by introducing a new member, please write to the Society at the usual address giving details of the potential new member. Your voucher will be sent to you after the new member has enrolled. Peter May, Hon Treasurer Nick Holford, Registrar Scottish Charity No SC024418 Project Officer BTCV Scotland Balallan House 24 Allan park Stirling FK8 2QG Phone: 01786 474061 Mobile: 07739 447943 Email: brisc-wcp@btcv.org.uk ‘BioBlitz’ @ ‘B in the Park’ 26" & 27" May, Dalzell Estate, Motherwell & RSPB Barons Haugh Reserve. BioBlitz Kicks-off @ 3 pm Saturday, final whistle 3 pm Sunday Come along and join in the fun ITS FREE FUN FOR ALL THE FAMILY!!! Moth trapping, butterfly netting, pond dipping, bat surveying, plant surveying, bird watching, tree identification, creepy crawlies and lots more Nocturnal safaris- badgers, birds, deer, bats, moths & foxes Guided walks and recording activities throughout the day Laboratory and classroom identification techniques-taught by experts Additional support for recording in your area Practical Conservation activities In conjunction with North Lanarkshire's 'B in The Park’, 27th May 34 Volume 66 + April 2007 43 Harley Books: The Final Chapter An interview with Basil and Annette Harley by Dafydd Lewis Britain is unique in its long tradition of entomology — a study pursued in many cases by amateurs or near-amateurs — and an important part of this heritage since at least the Victorian era has been the publication of entomological books, a significant proportion of which have been of the highest quality and have stood the test of time. Harley Books continues this tradition. It differs from the bulk of entomological publishers in that the nature of its output over its 24-year history has come elsewhere than from the dictates of market research and the mass market. This has much to do with the fact that Harley Books comprises two people, Basil and Annette Harley, and there is something of their character, and what has shaped them, in the books they have published. i Basil and Annette Harley pictured outside their home near Colchester in Essex. 44 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society se Origins Born in July 1930, Basil has had a lifelong interest in natural history. As a schoolboy during World War Two he was secretary of the Harrow School Natural History Society, which was run by the distinguished arachnologist G.H. Locket. Later, after national service, as an undergraduate reading modern history at St John’s College, Oxford, Basil was secretary of the Oxford Ornithological Society, frequently spending time in the company of Bruce Campbell of the British Trust for Ornithology ringing redstarts and pied flycatchers in the Forest of Dean. During one vacation he went across to Great Saltee, an uninhabited island off the south-east coast of Ireland to ring migrants and nesting sea birds. He was to return there on a number of occasions, including on his honeymoon. Basil had early exposure to publishing and printing by virtue of the fact that after the First World War his father, Mervyn Harley, founded and ran The Wembley News, a local newspaper which was to benefit greatly from the publicity attending the Empire Exhibition of 1924 which led to a considerable growth in Wembley’s population. Basil did not follow his father’s footsteps into newspaper publishing but, following university, and after some early experimenting with trainee management jobs in a variety of companies such as Fisons, the Metal Box Company and Shell, and an editorial job with a technical publisher, Arrow Press, all providing good experience, he did join his father in a new, very small lithographic printing company set up to produce promotional material for advertising agencies and shortly to be renamed Harleyprint. That his interest in birds persisted into his working life is evidenced by his account of a board meeting he was attending in an office above the works in Tottenham Court Road, London, when he interrupted it to announce that, above the noise of the printing presses and the traffic outside, he had heard the song of a black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros (Gmelin). The following day, he brought in a tape recorder and was able to record its song, since transferred to a cassette but still treasured. Basil joined Harleyprint in 1959 and later that year he was to marry Annette Milne-Redhead. Annette had been brought up in an environment where natural history, especially botany, was a constant theme. Her father, the well-known botanist Edgar Milne-Redhead, was Deputy Keeper of the Herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and an ardent conservationist for which work, particularly on the Black Poplar, his lifelong interest, he was awarded an MBE. Her mother was an amateur artist whose botanical drawings were used in the Flora of 34 Volume 66 + April 2007 45 Tropical East Africa. Her uncle, a classical scholar was also on the staff as a world authority on the Euphorbiaceae. He was also an active entomologist and much involved with the Amateur Entomologists’ Society, having joined in the 1940s as member no. 545 with stated interests in Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera, ecology and botany. On the paternal side, her grandfather was a keen plantsman, and her great-grandfather, Richard, was a great traveller and plant collector with an arboretum at his home in Lancashire, being elected a fellow of the Linnean Society in 1865. Basil and Annette have inherited many of her family’s botanical books to add to their already large natural history library, which continues to be a useful source of reference for the Harleys’ work. Annette is not a professional naturalist but her background, which includes a deep interest in insects since childhood, her earlier work as a trained secretary with the CIBA Foundation, and six years’experience as an educational representative with Oxford University Press, just prior to the formation of Harley Books, has proved invaluable. Harleyprint was growing fast but a greater challenge lay ahead. In 1963 Basil and his father negotiated a merger with a far larger and extremely distinguished, mainly letterpress firm, Curwen Press, a company founded in the mid-nineteenth century by John Curwen, an English congregational minister, who introduced the tonic sol-fa method of musical notation for the dissemination of wholesome music that could be learnt and sung by everyone. It was at Curwen Press, where in 1964 he became managing director, that the seeds of Harley Books were sown. It was then that Basil felt increasingly compelled to print things in which he was interested. A key part of his policy was to improve the standard of its lithographic colour reproduction and printing. Thus, at Curwen he began to produce limited edition facsimiles of natural history works, including, in 1969, William Curtis’s Short History of the Browntail Moth, originally published in 1782. At about the same time, he brought to the Press Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, the world’s oldest continuous _ illustrated botanical publication, founded in 1787, at that time issued _ by the Royal Horticultual Society but in 1971 taken into the care of a _ Trust operating from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. He followed _ this up with lavish limited edition natural history books for The Tryon | Gallery, for Pion Ltd and for Academic Press including the remarkable | Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium by Maria Sibylla Merian | from the sixty paintings acquired by George III in 1755 for the Royal | Library, Windsor. | | 1 46 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society a6 An introduction in 1971 by Eric Classey to Dr Richard B. Dominick (an American entomologist) led Curwen Press to embark on the fascicles for a major series, The Moths of America North of Mexico, which was to become affectionately known as MONA . This necessitated regular visits to his home, The Wedge, in South Carolina in the course of which Basil learnt a great deal about the classification of Lepidoptera. Tragically Dick Dominick died prematurely in 1976 with only eight of the projected 150 fascicles published but it has continued under the editorship of Dr Ronald W. Hodges and is currently being published by The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington. Curwen’s involvement with MONA and with the Ray Society’s two volumes on British Tortricoid Moths published in the 1970s led John Heath to approach the company about the publication of a comparable British work, The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland which he had been planning for some time. Basil Harley persuaded his fellow directors that the investment in this was a good idea. In 1976, with some promotional and distribution help from Blackwell Scientific Publications, the series was successfully launched with Volume 1, to be followed in 1979 by Volume 9 on Sphingidae to Noctuidae (part). However, Curwen Press was principally a printing company, and was seriously affected during the years when the printing Trades Unions had a stranglehold on that industry. There was great unrest in the industry in the late 1970s and early 80s. Although it was an era which Basil recalls with great pain as it led to the near collapse of the company and to his decision eventually to sell his shares in the company, it was a situation that ultimately benefited entomology in that it also led directly to the formation of Harley Books. Basil and Annette’s backgrounds in history, natural history, printing, botany, conservation and business skills have thus converged in Harley Books, where their complementary strengths have enabled them to work together effectively and harmoniously for nearly a quarter of a century. Harley Books After consulting Trevor and Anna Poyser, the husband and wife founders of A. & D. Poyser Ltd (now part of A.& C. Black), a small publishing company specialising in authoritative bird books, in 1983 Basil and Annette Harley founded Harley Books as natural history publishers initially specialising in entomology and related fields. Based at their large, former farmhouse home near Colchester to which they { 3 Volume 66 « April 2007 47 had moved in 1964, it took over the natural history titles which Basil had produced at Curwen Press. The house was a happy family home (where, they recall, in 1965 one of their daughters was born to the captivating song of a nightingale). Once the family had grown up it increasingly became their workplace. Basil has a collection of insects, mainly taken in the locality, which enabled him to relate to the subject matter of what he was publishing. Among the Pyralidae is a notable Essex specimen of the small tabby, Ag/ossa caprealis (Hubner) which he caught in his living room. Today, every room in the house is lined with books on all subjects but especially natural history, as well as with a large variety of periodicals, such as those of the Linnean Society of which Basil is a fellow, all the principal entomological journals and others such as Archives of Natural History — the journal of the Society for the History of Natural History. This latter area is very much Basil’s focus, and this was reflected in his Presidential Address to the British Entomological and Natural History Society, in 2003, when he discussed the life and work of Lovell Reeve, whose own interest in natural history also impelled him to be a natural history publisher for a period of 24 years from 1841 until his death in 1865. This time-span is significant as Harley Books has been in existence for the same length of time. Titles The range of the 40 or so Harley titles can be seen in the Appendix, and clearly the majority deal with particular insect Orders, especially the Odonata, Lepidoptera and Orthoptera. Many are high quality, multi- authored identification guides and contain species illustrations, descriptive text, genitalia diagrams, identification keys and distribution maps. Notable among these is the Dragon/jlies of Europe by R. R. Askew, which covers all the European species and is probably the finest work produced on the European Odonata; its British equivalent was a new edition of Cyril Hammond's best-selling Dragonflies of Great Britain and Ireland, a work first published at Curwen Press which had already become a classic. It was fortunate that it was able to include a species newly recognised in the British Isles, the Irish damselfly, Coenagrion lunulatum (Charpentier) guaranteeing it further good sales. It was the company’s first publication and sold over 16,000 copies but is now out of print. The Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland in three volumes by M. J. Roberts is similarly the authoritative work in its field for the identification of arachnids. 48 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society to] Another impressive and beautiful book is the Liverwort Flora of the British Isles, representing the culmination of 30 years’ work by its author, Jean Paton. My own small library includes a number of Harley volumes which have filled much needed gaps — such as Riley and Prior’s British and Irish Pug Moths (a book which has taken my confusion about pug identification to a higher level!) and Barry Goater’s volume on British Pyralid Moths. In the Harley backlist too is an eclectic selection of volumes dealing with historical aspects of entomology such as The Aurelian Legacy by Michael Salmon and his collaborators, covering a history of butterfly collecting and collectors in England since earliest times, and Martin Lister’s English Spiders (1678). This was the first book on British spiders, written in Latin in 1678 and now available in English, translated by Malcolm Davies, an Oxford classical don, and by Basil Harley himself. This is a good example of a volume which was not economically viable for a mass market publisher to produce, and yet without it the remarkable and original observations of Martin Lister — a physician by profession, but an outstanding naturalist — might never have been brought to the attention of a modern readership. Harley Books were never short of good books to publish. With few exceptions all their books have been offered to them by their authors, and many potentially good books have had to be turned down on grounds of the firm’s editorial capacity and finance. The only book which the Harleys specifically commissioned rather than accepting an author’s initial proposal was A. Maitland Emmet’s work on the Scientific Names of the British Lepidoptera. This resulted partially from their awareness of the importance of an understanding of Latin names in entomology, and from the fact that, in Emmet, they had the ideal scholar to put such a treatise together. There are also a number of books on botany, ecology and conservation. What all these books have in common, whether their focus is historical or scientific, is a keen attention to detail, a high level of accuracy, and comprehensiveness, resulting in works which are balanced, attractive and tailored to their intended readership, with illustrations positioned appropriately to the text. As small publishers the Harleys sometimes took advantage of the luxury of adding to the works in ways that did not bring any financial benefit but which conferred aesthetic or other extra value to the reader, such as in the Martin Lister book where the original seventeenth-century engravings are compared alongside specially commissioned modern drawings of the same species, 36 Volume 66 + April 2007 49 Basil and Annette interpret their role as that of enabler and facilitator, diplomatically encouraging, cajoling and supporting their authors and contributors to produce of their best; sometimes contributing directly to the work, as in the Checklist of the Flora and Fauna of Wicken Fen, and frequently encouraging the authors to supplement their material with extra text and illustrations with a resulting portfolio of entomological and natural history publications which are of the highest quality. And after all, as the saying goes, “the bitterness of poor quality lingers long after the sweetness of meeting the schedule has been forgotten”! MBGBI Of all the Harley titles, the Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland series (known to all as MBGBI) has been their flagship publication. MBGBI was the brainchild of John Heath of Monks Wood and is the definitive work on British Lepidoptera. It had been inspired by the Moths of America North of Mexico, an ambitious work produced by Basil when he was running Curwen Press, at the behest of the American millionaire lepidopterist, Dr Richard B. Dominick who published it in association with E.W. Classey Ltd. That work has yet to be completed, and may never be, but so far MBGBI is a work in progress. The first volume of MBGBI appeared under the imprint of Curwen Books in 1976, the idea of the British work having been first mooted by John Heath in 1973. Seven volumes have been completed to date, two of these in two parts, and three volumes remain — Volumes 5 (2 parts), 6 and 8 (2 parts). In addition to the usual text, illustrations and maps each volume contains an article on a particular aspect of Lepidoptera. _ For example, in Volume 2 there is an article on the British Aposematic | Lepidoptera by the celebrated amateur entomologist, the late Dame _ Miriam Rothschild. The first two volumes in the series featured _ drawings and illustrations by Brian Hargreaves and other artists, while the later volumes have increasingly used Richard Lewington’s talented work. The plans for the remaining volumes had been made and a great _ deal of text had been written by several designated authors but it was by no means ready for publication. The series had suffered a setback in the death in 2001 of its venerable senior author, Maitland Emmet, but at _the age of 92 this could not be said to be totally unexpected. Efforts to strengthen the editorial board and to get the series moving again were | proving difficult. Realising that each volume had been taking them _ three years to produce, and with advancing years and a limited amount | of money they could inject into the project, the Harleys approached the | 50 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 very energetic and dedicated Danish entomological publisher, Peder Skou of Apollo Books and offered to sell him the series, including all existing stock. To enable any deal to take place a new senior editor, willing to give a personal commitment to seeing the work through to completion, had to be found. In Dr Keith Bland, one of the associate editors and an author in Volume 3, such a person came forward. Harley Books therefore agreed a deal with Apollo Books at the end of March 2006 and all stock and rights passed to that company. Basil and Annette were thus able to breathe a sigh of relief as they had been determined not to see the series founder and join the various multi- volume works of the past that were never completed. Subsequently, the AES has offered financial support to Apollo Books to help ensure the successful publication of the remaining volumes of this important series. The final book on which Basil and Annette had been working, and the last to be published under their imprint, was the detailed identification guide to the Liverworts, Mosses and Ferns of Europe. This was successfully brought out in July 2006 after a six-year gestation and has been added to the stock of books which Harley Books will continue to sell and distribute. The future Basil Harley is now in his 77th year and Annette a litthe younger. Having devoted a substantial part of their lives to the art and science of specialist book publishing, time seems to march on too rapidly and they wish now to devote more of it to themselves and their family, including their six grandchildren; take time to enjoy books rather than publish them; and perhaps once in a while run that Robinson moth trap, or the Heath trap once given to Basil by its inventor. There will be upheaval as the family home is decanted of a lifetime’s books and the Harleys downsize, as they are planning to do. Although books can still be purchased from their backlist, the chapter in entomological history entitled “Harley Books” is now drawing to a close. Reference texts of the sort produced by the Harleys are an essential resource for the amateur entomological community. As invertebrate conservation and biodiversity monitoring assume heightened relevance and interest, amateur entomologists are set to play an increasingly important role in the future. In this regard, the very high standard set by Harley Books in their identification guides is of substantial value, and that will surely be their lasting legacy. t Volume 66 « April 2007 51 Acknowledgements The author wishes to thank Basil and Annette Harley for inviting him to their home (and place of work — for they are one and the same) for an afternoon in May 2005, and for allowing him to distract them from their then still busy schedule. APPENDIX Harley Books — titles and dates of publication (some of which are now out of print (o/p) ENTOMOLOGY Lepidoptera The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland Completed volumes: Vol. 1: Micropterigidae to Heliozelidae — h/b 1976; p/b 1986 Vol. 2: Cossidae to Heliodinidae — h/b 1985; p/b 1987 Vol. 3: Yponomeutidae to Elachistidae — h/b 1996; p/b 1997 Vol. 4 1): Oecophoridae to Scythrididae (excluding Gelechiidae) — h/b & p/b 2002 Vol. 4 (2): Gelechiidae — h/b & p/b 2002 Vol. 7(1): Hesperiidae to Nymphalidae — h/b 1987; p/b 1991 Vol. 7(2): Lasiocampidae to Thyatiridae — h/b 1991; p/b 1992 Vol. 9: Sphingidae to Noctuidae (part) — h/b 1979; p/b 1986 Vol. 10: Noctuidae (Cuculliinae to Hypeninae) and Agaristidae — —_ h/b 1983; p/b 1986 British Pyralid Moths — a Guide to their Identification h/b 1986 British and Irish Pug Moths — a Guide to their Identification and Biology — h/b 2003 The Hawkmoths of the Western Palaearctic — h/b 1993 A Bibliography of the Zygaeninae — 1988 _ A Systematic Catalogue of the Zygaeninae — 1996 _ A Recorder’s Log Book or Label List of British Butterflies and Moths — p/b 1979 _ Addenda & Corrigenda to the above p/b 1987 _ Breeding Butterflies and Moths — a practical handbook for British and _ European species — h/b & p/b 1986 | The Scientific Names of the British Lepidoptera — their History and | Meaning — h/b & p/b 1991 The Aurelian Legacy — British Butterflies and their Collectors — h/b 2000 | — — 52 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society Se Odonata Dragonflies of Great Britain and Ireland — h/b 1977; revised edn 1983: reprinted in p/b1994 & ’97 (o/p) The Dragonflies of Europe — h/b 1988 (0/p); revised p/b 2004 Identification Chart of British and Irish Dragonflies -1990 Dragonflies: Behaviour and Ecology of Odonata — h/b 1999; revised edn 2004 Orthoptera Grasshoppers and allied Insects of Great Britain and Ireland — h/b 1988 (o/p); p/b 1990 A Sound Guide to the Grasshoppers and allied Insects of Great Britain and Ireland — audio cassette 1988 The Songs of the Grasshoppers and Crickets of Western Europe h/b 1998 A Sound Guide to the Grasshoppers and Crickets of Western Europe — 2- CD set 1998 Arachnida The Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland — h/b Vols 1 & 3, 1985; Vol 2, 1987; (o/p) 2-part compact edn p/b 1993 Martin Lister’s English Spiders (16 78) — h/b, p/b, 1993 Forensic entomology Maggots, Murder and Men; memories and reflections of a forensic entomologist — p/b 2000 OTHER ZOOLOGY Atlas of Land and Freshwater Molluscs of Britain and Ireland — bh’b L999 Freshwater Fishes in Britain — the species and their distribution — h/b 2004 BOTANY Atlas of the Bryophytes of Britain and Ireland — h/b: vol 1, 1991; vol 2, 1992; vol 3, 1994 2d Volume 66 « April 2007 53 The Liverwort Flora of the British Isles — 1999 Aquatic Plants in Britain and Ireland — p/b 2000 The Flora of Hampshire — h/b & p/b 1996 (p/b o/p) The Liverworts, Mosses and Ferns of Europe — h/b 2006 ECOLOGY/CONSERVATION Wicken Fen — the making of a wetland nature reserve — h/b & p/b 1997 Checklist of the Flora and Fauna of Wicken Fen — p/b 2000 Rothschild’s Reserves: Time and Fragile Nature — p/b 1997 Oaks, Dragonflies and People — creating a small nature reserve and relating its story to wider conservation issues — p/b 2002 54 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society tf The Re-emergence of Bedbugs by James A. Walker (7975) 120 Trenton Street, East Boston, MA 02128 USA “Sleep tight, don’t let the bedbugs bite.” This old saying has gained renewed relevance in the western world in recent years. Reports have been made since the mid-1990s, both in the medical press and national newspapers, of the reemergence of infestations of the Common Bedbug (Cimex lectularius) in many developed countries (Paul and Bates, 2000; Boase, 2001; Vandam, 2003; Hall and Yapp, 2004; Cleary and Buchanan, 2004). Previously, this species has been so rare in the U.K., that individual sightings have been considered worthy of publication (George, 1988). However, since 1995, infestations have almost doubled annually in the U.K. (Boase, 2004). This trend has also been seen in other parts of Europe, the United States and Australia. Unfortunately I have recently had first-hand experience of these unpleasant insects in my home in the United States. C. lectularius is distributed worldwide and is the most frequently encountered of the Cimicidae family that are known to feed on humans. In tropical regions, including Florida, the Tropical Bedbug (C. hemipterus) is also very common. C. hemipterus is very similar in appearance, but somewhat larger than C. /ectularius. The ranges of these two species overlaps and they have been reported to interbreed, albeit unsuccessfully (Newberry, 1988). Leptocimex boueti is associated with both humans and bats in the tropics of West Africa. In addition, other species may sometimes feed on humans or household pets in the absence of their normal hosts. For example, the Batbugs native to the British Isles (C. pipistrelli and C. dissimilis) can feed on human blood if, for instance, a bat control programme has eliminated their normal hosts (Whyte et al., 2001). Similarly the Pigeon bug (C. columbarius) may occasionally enter homes and annoy the occupants (Southwood and Leston, 1959). The Martin bug (Oeciacus hirundinis), while not strictly a bedbug, is a closely related genus primarily affecting birds and has been reported to humans (Southwood and Leston, 1959). In North America, opportunistic feeders on humans include the Batbugs (C. pilosellus and C. adjunctus), the Chimney Swift Bug CCimexopsis nyctalis) and Haematosiphon inodora, which primarily infests poultry (Jacobs, 2004). Adults of C. lectularius are 5-7 mm in length, oval in shape, flat, wingless and reddish-brown in colour (Figure 1/front cover). They are usually found in bedrooms as they generally feed at night when the | | \ t Volume 66 + April 2007 55 host is asleep. During the day the bugs hide, often in crowds, behind loose wallpaper, in mattress seams, between floorboards, in cracks in walls, behind pictures and in furniture and electrical fittings. Feeding takes about 5-10 minutes and up to seven times their body weight in blood can be ingested in one feed (Plate 1). Females lay about 200-500 eggs (Plate 2), usually at the rate of three or four a day, in cracks and crevices in the floor or bed. Newly hatched bugs begin feeding immediately (Plate 3). There are five nymphal stages, each requiring a full meal of blood before the next moult. Given ample food and optimal temperature conditions, they can mature into adults within one to two months. Adult females live for six to twelve months and can reproduce throughout the year under ideal conditions. Even when deprived of blood, individual bugs can survive a year or more, allowing infestations to persist in empty properties or in stored furniture. Most people, as I did, become aware of sharing their bed with these insects because of their bites. Although not known to transmit any diseases that can affect humans, bedbug bites can be very distressing. The degree of reaction to the bite varies greatly, with some individuals experiencing no discomfort, while others develop an allergic reaction with an itchy red swelling lasting for weeks. I found the itching of the DitcsErONDe. so intense that it could only be relieved by using hydrocortisone cream. Untreated, the red welts took several days to disappear. Initially I was unsure what the cause of the irritations was. This led to many sleepless nights and a great deal of anxiety. Friends and colleagues suggested hives, fleas and food allergies. However, I eventually discovered one of the culprits, when I awoke after being bitten one morning at 2 o’clock and quickly examined the bed sheets. I spotted a bedbug rapidly retreating to the edge of the bed as I switched on the light. Further investigation of the bed revealed seven more bugs, all of which were nymphs, hiding in the corners of the mattress under the sheets. On the advice of a local pest control service, I disposed of my mattress and bed frame. All my bedding and clothing from the bedroom was washed at high temperature, after being transported in sealed plastic bags to prevent contamination of other parts of the house. Everything else in the bedroom was similarly packed in plastic bags and placed in a -20°C freezer for a day to ensure that any bugs or eggs were destroyed. The controllers then treated the room with two pesticides: Gentrol (from Zoecon) contains the active ingredient (S)- Hydroprene, which acts as an insect growth regulator by disrupting the moulting process and P.I. Contact Insecticide (from Whitmire Micro- 56 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Lf gen) is a residual pesticide containing pyrethrin. Since the bugs can hide in the smallest of crevices, treatment was extremely thorough. Consequently, I slept in another room for several weeks afterwards and delayed buying a new bed until I was certain that no intruders remained. I was fortunate that the bugs appeared to all be nymphs and sO were not yet reproducing since the eradication of a full-blown infestation is often extremely difficult. It has been reported that evidence of a heavy bedbug infestation can be an unpleasant almond- like smell created by the bug’s ‘stink glands’, or finding blood and faecal material on sheets and pillows or cast nymphal skins (Crissey. 1981). Thankfully I was able to prevent such a full-blown infestation from occurring in my home. It is unclear exactly why bedbugs have made such a successful comeback in developed countries. In the 19th century it was estimated that 75% of British houses were infested. In 1933 a Ministry of Health report said: “In many areas all the houses are to a greater or lesser degree infested with bedbugs” (Ministry of Health, 1933). The introduction of domestic vacuum cleaners, the widespread use of DDT and a more coordinated approach to public hygiene all contributed to the virtual eradication of bedbugs in developed countries by the 1980s. In contrast, infestations in developing countries have remained high (Boase, 2004). The use of DDT has, of course, been discontinued since the 1970s, except for some tropical regions. In addition, bedbugs may have developed resistance to other pesticides. Pyrethroids, synthetic forms of pyrethrins (natural insecticides found in chrysanthemum flowers), have traditionally been used to treat bedbug infestations. However, research from East Africa has shown an association between the use of pyrethroid-treated mosquito nets and the growth of resistance to this insecticide in bedbugs (Myamba et al., 2002). Changes in the pest control industry may have also inadvertently benefited bedbugs. The control for cockroaches has moved away from traditional methods of chemical application towards specific edible baits which have no impact on bed bugs as former methods have done (Koehler and Harlan, 2001). In the past bedbugs were usually associated with poor households, rundown hotels, overcrowded hostels and refuges for asylum seekers. However, recent reports of infestations have included up-market hotels and respectable neighbourhoods. The huge increase in international travel is thought to be a major factor in their dissemination. Obviously bedbugs do not discriminate between backpackers and business travellers and by hitching a ride in luggage, they can spread far and wide. Although the majority of the recent bedbug infestations in the sé Volume 66 + April 2007 57 U.K. have been due to C. /ectularius, the Tropical Bedbug (C. hemipterus) has been found in London in the last two years (Clive Boase, pers. comm.). C. hemipterus has also recently appeared in Australia for the first time, possibly imported by back-packers (Doggett et al., 2006). Some case reports link bugs with furniture imported from tropical countries and the U.S.A. (Paul and Bates, 2000). The sale of second-hand furniture, clothing and books, in which bugs or eggs may be hiding, particularly at car boot sales and junk stores, has also been cited as a possible mechanism of spreading (Coghlan, 2002). Bedbugs can also move between properties, through cracks in walls and between floors. Central heating also allows them to breed all year round. In the past, harsh winters would provide a check on bedbug populations in poorly heated houses. How did the bedbugs arrive in my apartment? It is likely that I unwittingly introduced either eggs or nymphs on a second-hand bookcase that I moved into my bedroom, since I started to notice being bitten a month or two later. I live in a rented house in East Boston in Massachusetts, an area populated by predominantly Hispanic immigrants from South and Central America. There is a tradition here of leaving unwanted second-hand furniture on the street for other residents. Although bedbugs are a major problem in this district, I believe that many people are often unaware of exactly what is biting them at night since bedbugs are so small and elusive. On refuse collection days there are always seemingly good mattresses put out for disposal. However, without subsequent insecticide treatment of the building the problem will reoccur. The pest controller that treated my house said that he has seen a ten-fold increase in bedbug infestations in the last two years in Boston (Thomas Drapeau, pers. comm.). Since my encounter with bedbugs, I have met many others who have similarly suffered. Other districts in Boston such as Brighton and Allston have severe bedbug problems, which have been described as epidemics in the local press. New York City has also been particularly hard hit; a friend living in Harlem found them in his apartment, along with the more conspicuous cockroaches. At a recent cocktail party I overheard a student recounting his bedbug woes. The infestation was so extreme, with hundreds of bugs under his bed, that he was forced to move out. By the end of the evening several other guests had admitted that they had encountered bedbugs. Although this is not something one would normally advertise at a social gathering, there was a certain kinship in having shared our homes with these pests. There is much speculation as to whether the reemergence of bedbugs is a transient phenomenon. Although they are not associated with any 58 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Lf diseases, they are a great nuisance and represent a public health problem if left unchecked. New pesticides coupled with greater public awareness will likely reduce infestations. However, for the time being. bedbugs are making a comeback. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Thomas Drapeau from Freedom Pest Control Services (Georgetown, MA, U.S.A.), Clive Boase of the Pest Management Consultancy (Haverhill, U.K.) and Gary Alpert of Environmental Health and Safety, Harvard University (Cambridge, MA, USA) for discussions and information. I am particularly grateful to Gary Alpert for supplying the photos used in this article. References Boase, C.J. (2001) Bed-bugs — back from the brink. Pesticide Outlook 12 (4). 159-162. Boase, C.J. (2004) Bed-bugs — reclaiming our cities. Biologist 51 (1), 1-4. Cleary, C. J. and Buchanan, D. (2004) An Emerging U-S. Infestation. The Nurse Practitioner. 29 (6), 46-48. Coghlan (2002) Bedbugs bit back. New Scientist 5 Oct, 10. Crissey, J.T. (1981) Bedbugs. An old problem with a new dimension. Jmt._J. Dermatol. 20: 411-414. Doggett, S.L., Geary, M., Crowe, W. J., Wilson, P. and Russell, R-C. (2006) Department of Medical Entomology, ICPMR, New South Wales, Australia. Available online at (www.bellingen.nsw.gov.au/ environment/1121/1126.html) George, R. (1988) A British record of Cimex lectularius. Entomol. Gaz. 39, 140. Hall, C. and Yapp, R. (2004) Seven-year itch proves bed bugs are biting back. Daily Telegraph April 14. Jacobs, S.B. (2004) Public Health Information Sheet, National Park Service, U-S. Department of the Interior. Available online at (www.nps.gov/public_health intra/info/factsheets/fs_bed_bugs_ gen.pdf) Koehler, P. and Harlan, H. (2001) Bedbugs; Infestations on the rise. Health and Medicine Weekly. August 27, 6-7. Ministry of Health (1933) Report No. 72. Report of Committee on the Eradication of Bed Bugs. HMSO. Myamba, J., Maxwell, C.A. and Curtis, C.F. (2002) Pyrethroid resistance in tropical bedbugs (Cimex hemipterus) associated with use of treated bednets. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 16, 448-451. Newberry, K. (1988) Production of a hybrid between the bedbugs Cimex bemipterus and Cimex lectularius. Med. Vet. Entomol. (3): 297-300. Paul, J. and Bates, J. (2000) Is Infestation with the common bedbug increasing? British Medical Journal 320: 1141. Southwood, T.R.E.and Leston, D. (1959) Land and water bugs of the British Isles. Fredrick Warne & Co, London. The Bed-Bug: Its Habits and Life History and How to Deal with it (1954) British Museum (Natural History) Economic Series No. 5. Vandam, J. (2003) Sleep Tight, and Don’t Let... Oh Just Forget About It. The New York Times November 2. Whyte, A.S., Garnett, P.A. and Whittington, A.E. (2001) Bats in the belfry, bugs in the bed? The Lancet 357: 604. ai 4 Volume 66 + April 2007 59 Brachythemis leucosticta (Burmeister, 1839) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae): a new dragonfly species for Cyprus, and Trithemis arteriosa (Burmeister, 1839) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae): a rarely recorded dragonfly species in Cyprus by Nigel Cottle c/o CAO, JSSU(CYP), BFPO 59. Brachythemis leucosticta During the late morning of 11 Aug 2006 I was birdwatching at Akhna Dam, Cyprus (35.02.50N 033.47.55E, 34 metres ASL) when I noticed one male and two female dragonflies that were unfamiliar to me. On reference to the newly published Field Guide to the Dragonflies of Britain and Europe (Dijkstra et al., 2006) I identified them as the Banded Groundling (Brachythemis leucosticta, Burmeister, 1839), a species new to the island. On 13 Aug I revisited the site with my wife and took some in-hand photographs of one of the females that we had managed to net. We visited the site again on the afternoon of 15 Aug but were unable to catch the male, which proved very adept at net avoidance! Meanwhile, I had made contact with Cypriot naturalists Christodoulos Makris (CM) and Yiannis Christofides (YC) and accompanied them to the dam on 17 Aug. They took a number of photographs (see plate 4) and agreed with my initial identification. My next visit was on 21 Aug when, after 40 minutes searching, I found only the male; the females were nowhere to be seen. Further visits, by CM and YC on 26 Aug and again by me on 27 Aug, failed to locate the insects. In all I made six visits to the site, totalling approximately eight hours. Photographs of the male taken by CM and YC were sent to Klaas-Douwe Dijkstra and others, who also confirmed the identification. Habitat and behaviour In Cyprus, reservoirs are called dams. At Akhna Dam the water levels recede considerably during the hot summer months. All three insects were found in the same dry area of about 1600m’ on each visit and were usually fairly easy to locate. Their “territory” is dominated by Glinus lotoides (Caryophyllaceae) a low, sprawling annual associated with waste land, alluvial ground and muddy areas. Part of the western side of the territory is bordered by the water’s edge. The insects spent almost all of their time in low flight only a few centimetres above 60 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society Lf ground level, perching regularly on the Glinus plants or the numerous sticks and rocks scattered over the area. On two occasions the male was seen perched on softer mud at the waters edge and on one of these occasions flew out low over the water and was lost from view. There was no observed interaction between the male and either of the females or between the females themselves. Maturation of the male When first seen the male was obviously immature, the abdomen being of a not much darker yellowish-ochre ground colour than that of the females and with diffuse brown, not black, wing bands between the node and pterostigma. By 17 Aug the male’s wing patches had turned black and whilst the abdomen was now darker than that of the females it was not completely black. It was assumed to have reached maturity by this date as, on 21 Aug, the abdomen colour was unchanged from that noted on 17 Aug. Range Dijkstra et al. (2006) note that B. /eucosticta is a migrant species that is abundant and widespread in tropical Africa and has expanded northwards in recent decades. Sardinia and Iberia have now been colonised and it is locally very common in the Near East. There are also a few records from southern Turkey. The Turkish population is only found in two places near Adana, at 37.00N 035.19E, approximately 250 km northeast of Akhna Dam (Wolfgang Lopau, pers. comm.). Origins Given that the male was not fully mature Eddie John (pers. comm.) raised the question as to whether it (and the females) represented offspring from an existing breeding colony at the dam, or whether B. leucosticta is capable of migratory flight immediately after emergence. In reply Vincent Kalkman (pers. comm.) stated that the male looked young but that dragonflies are capable of migrating soon after emergence. In addition, Wolfgang Lopau (pers. comm.) confirmed the ability of dragonflies to migrate shortly after emergence but thought that the assistance of a strong north-easterly wind would have been needed to enable these individuals to have reached Cyprus from Turkey. However, the general northward progression of this species would seem to point to the Near East as the source and it may well be that Cyprus was colonized before southern Turkey, with the species remaining undiscovered until now. Support for this hypothesis may be | a¢ Volume 66 + April 2007 61 found in a paper by John (2001), wnich details the passage through Cyprus of millions of Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui) butterflies in the spring of 2001. Observations in Israel point to that country being the source of the migration which was followed across Cyprus and into southern Turkey. Therefore, there would seem to be a migratory route in a northwest direction from Israel and, as B. leucosticta is present in Israel, this route may also have been taken by the dragonfly. Future observations may shed light on this and I will certainly be on the lookout for freshly emerged individuals, and especially exuviae, at Akhna and other dams in the future. Trithemis arteriosa The presence of the dragonfly species Trithemis arteriosa (Burmeister, 1839) in Cyprus has been overlooked in recent publications e.g. Lopau & Adena, 2002 and Dijkstra et al, 2006. This additional note records the occurrence of this species at five sites in the east of the island during September, October and November 2006. Locations Site A is approximately 1km west of Ayia Napa Sewage Works at WD 937 725. A female was seen on 15 Sep perched beside a stony track. Site B is near Ayios Nikolaos Station in the Eastern Sovereign Base Area (ESBA) (35.06.45N 033.53.15E, 19m ASL) (WD 807 853). On 19 Sep two females were seen perched on a Zizyphus lotus (Rhamnaceae) bush. Subsequent visits failed to locate the species until, on 11 Oct, a female was found about 50m from the original sighting. At about 10:30 a.m. the following day a male and female were seen. The male was netted, photographed and released. Further visits were unsuccessful until, on 5 Nov, a male was found perched on the ground near a water-filled, plastic- lined irrigation pond at WD 808 852. It appeared close to death and was unable to fly. The final sighting of 2006 was on 20th November when three males were seen perched on the banks of the irrigation pond. Site C is also in the ESBA about 3.5km southwest of Site B (WD 808 852). On 25 Sep a female was seen beside the track that runs alongside the border between the ESBA and the north. Site D is on farmland above Akhna Dam. On 4 Oct a female was seen beside a stony track perched on dead vegetation at WD 736 785. Site E is at Cape Greco (WD 971 692) where a female was seen perched on a path-side bush on 22 Oct. 62 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society S Previous Records The species was observed over several years from 1999 at a pond near the Diarizos valley and breeding was assumed although not proven (Graham Giles, pers. comm.). This site has since been degraded due to road building and is no longer suitable for dragonflies. Range and Origins T. arteriosa is one of the most numerous of African dragonflies and is one of the commonest species in Dubai. It is still very local in Europe with known populations at nine sites in southern Turkey (Dijkstra ef al., 2006; www.libelllen.org/epallage and Graham Giles pers. comm.). It is important to note that breeding on Cyprus has not yet been established. However, I am of the opinion that Site B provides suitable breeding habitat and that the presence of one, possibly two, males and two, possibly three, females over a seven-week period lends some support to this. Repeat visits to all other sites failed to produce further sightings. The insects seen at these sites may well have been migrants. Of particular interest is the fact that, with the notable exception of the Site E insect, all females showed dark apical and nodal wing markings. Klaas-Douwe Dijkstra (pers. comm.) stated that, in his experience, the wings of female 7. arteriosa in Africa are virtually unmarked save the amber patches at the wing-bases. Acknowledgements Eddie John for encouragement, much useful advice and editing this note. Christodoulos Makris and Yiannis Christofides for an interesting time in the field and for providing the photographs of B. /eucosticta. Klaas-Douwe Dijkstra for confirming the identification of B. /eucosticta and for his remarks concerning 7. arteriosa. Vincent Kalkman and Wolfgang Lopau for commenting on the possible origins of the insects. My wife, Kathy, for assistance in photographing both species and Graham Giles for his contribution on 7. arteriosa. References Dijkstra K-D. B. (2006). Field Guide to the Dragonflies of Britain and Europe. British Wildlife Publishing, 320pp. Giles G. (1999), Unpublished data, John, E. 2001. Migration of Vanessa cardui (L.) (Lep.: Nymphalidae) through Cyprus, March 2001. Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var. 113, 269-281. Lopau & Adena (2002). Die Libellenfauna von Cypern. Naturkundliche Reiseberichte, Heft 19, 73pp. Volume 66 + April 2007 3¢ Plate 1 (top): Bedbug nymph (Cimex lectularius) feeding on a human. Note the body heavily engorged with blood. Each nymphal stage requires a single blood meal before moulting to the next stage. Plate 2 (inset): Eggs of bedbugs (C. Jectularius). Approximate length of egg is 1 mm. A female bedbug can lay between 300-400 eggs in her lifetime. Plate 3 (bottom): First instar nymph of C. lectularius (about 1.3 mm in length) feeding on human. Its first blood meal can be seen clearly through the translucent body. Photos: Gary Alpert Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Plate 4. Cyprus dragonflies. Clockwise from top right: Red-veined Dropwing 7rithemis arteriosa (Photograph: Kathy Cottle); Banded Groundling Brachythemis leucosticta (Photograph: Yiannis Christofides); Banded Groundling Brachythemis leucosticta (Photograph: Christodoulos Makris); Banded Groundling Brachythemis leucosticta (Photograph: Yiannis Christofides); Banded Groundling Brachythemis leucosticta (Photograph: Yiannis Christofides); Background: Habitat Where Brachythemis leucosticta was found (Photograph: Kathy Cottle). la uonns Jajag :so1oyd ‘(TIay) smpusisiuppnb snimumoig ‘“piqeres paiasurpuoa s yieg Aysng pur ‘Aay J uayel (TAC) sMVjnovULAponb snqdenN “UIOYIMeH UO (_ 2QPION) spol O71dQ. apeeq Pereyooyo oy) :AAT UO puUNO] snduy DugoYIdT PM yoat do) wos astMyoID YIed Aysng url Aep 19qoI9O Uv Jo ozvy [eUUININe oY] IsUTeSe spUrIs (Joy) UIOYIMLH ULIOIOA JAN] ly :osmjoid ure °¢ 21e[d ~ co) co) N = Qo Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society Plate 6. Top left: The Malachite, Siproeta stelenes; Bottom right Malachite, underside; Background picture, Malachite country Plate 7. The rare solitary mining bee, Andrena florea, (RDB3) at White Bryony flowers in Bushy Park, Middlesex Photos: Peter Sutton &¢ Volume 66 + April 2007 63 The Dragonflies (Odonata) of Esher Common, Surrey by David Keen (3309L) Calle Casto Bancalero 11,41650 El Saucejo, Sevilla, Spain I first visited Esher Common with my parents on a beautiful summer’s day in about 1955. For some years my father had spoken to me about the delights of the area and was anxious to show me the Black Pond where he had spent many happy hours in his youth with his pals swimming and otherwise messing about in the water. Thus, we boarded a number 215 bus (London Transport single decker service from Kingston to Ripley, Surrey) at Giggs Hill Green, Thames Ditton. We went through Esher and down, what was then the A3, towards Cobham. Just after Claremont Lake and Gardens was a bus stop and there we alighted. Dad was correct in thinking that this was near to where he used to come — before the First World War — and we soon found a footpath leading off the main road into a wood. We followed this path, just as dad had done all those years before, and eventually arrived at the pond, complete with a bathing station and changing rooms. It was during this visit that I first ventured further round to the east of the pond and there came upon a large area of heath, covered in hundreds and hundreds of small dragonflies that I would, in later years, come to know as the Black Darter, Sympetrum dandae. By August 1958 1 had taken a greater interest in insects and had also _ bought a pedal cycle which enabled me to get around without the need _ of using the bus. It was in that month that I paid a second visit to Esher | Common and from then, until I moved to Maidstone in Kent in October _ 1966, the area was visited on many occasions — in the winter as well as in the warmer months of the year. | i During my time in Kent I did not manage to re-visit Esher Common. However, in late 1971 I returned to Surrey and bought a house in _Famham. With my son and daughter old enough, my wife, Wendy and I took them to the common twice in the summer of 1975. We boarded a train at Aldershot for Guildford and then took another one from there to Oxshott. Leaving the station we walked across Oxshott Heath — a / wonderful place for Aculeate Hymenoptera — and found a footpath that eventually led us to Esher Common and to Black Pond. Over the next ‘seven years, for one reason or another, my visits to the area were limited and I never spent a full day there again. } | i 64 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society tS] In the early 1980s and now living in Banbury, Oxfordshire, we visited the common on a couple of occasions but, by then the location had lost its appeal — see later comments. My final visit was on the morning of 21 August 2004 — a beautiful sunny day. I had to say “thank you and goodbye” before I left England to start my new life in Spain — but I was appalled at what I found. Today, Esher Common is an area of land that lies to the south of the town of Esher between the A307 (previously the “old” A3) and the A3, Esher by-pass. Before the construction work for the by-pass started in 1975, the common stretched through to Oxshott Heath and the Esher to Leatherhead road — then the A244 — but the current A3 now cuts the total area in two. There is a footbridge over the new A3 that links the common with Oxshott heath but it is not the same. What remains of Esher Common covers an area of about 200 acres with Black Pond roughly in the middle. The Common is bounded to the north by Claremont Estate, a private housing development with Claremont Lake, grounds and Claremont House (once the home of Clive of India but latterly a private school) to the north of that. To the south, the common is boarded by another housing estate with the A3 and A307 roads forming the east and west boundaries respectively. On the other side of the A307 lies a further area of heath and woodland known as Horseshoe Clump, with an area set aside as a car park by the main road. In the late 1950s, the common was largely open heath land with a wood consisting of birch, oak and other deciduous trees covering the area from the pond to its boundaries to the south and west. A further wood consisting of very old pine trees and silver birch filled in the area to the north of the pond. It is said that the sombre and dark appearance of the pines when reflected in the water gave the pond its name. The common stands on Bagshot Beds so the soil is very sandy and where it formed paths through the heath was almost pure white. In addition to Black Pond itself, there were two “bog pools” amongst the heather on the heath to the east. One of these was in the form of a miniature pond with the other a real bog, full of sphagnum moss. However, in the 1950s two events took place that would change the pond and common for ever. Firstly, the powers that be planted a very large number of conifers over all the land that was then forming the heath. Over the years these trees took hold and by 1975 the heather was being overshadowed and was on its way out. In addition, the water table appeared to be dropping so much so that the water in the open bog pool had gone down by half a metre whilst the other pool | ad Volume 66 « April 2007 65 had dried up completely. By the time of my visit in 2004, the change was dramatic to say the least. The water in the open bog pool was down by another metre and was devoid of plant or animal life and was of a brownish colour. I could find no trace of the other pool at all. The whole area of heath was now covered in conifers which had completely replaced the heather — the only other plant life was the odd patch of grass. What had been such a wonderful site for Sympetrum danae and the Common Tiger Beetle, Cicindella campestris, was dark, dank and uninteresting. The second event took place during the winter of 1959-1960 when Black Pond was drained by the local authority. This was done so as to replace the bathing station and at the same time to dredge the bottom of the pond and to create a mound round the outside of the pond to the east to form a “safer” margin for bathers and other visitors. Water in the pond was let out through a sluice, which otherwise acted as an overflow, into a small stream that meanders through the woods and eventually runs into the River Mole near Esher. More often than not, however, even in the 1950s there was no overflow from the pond so this stream was dry. The water level in the pond quickly returned to normal and by the summer of 1960 dragonflies were back in their usual mummers: lm fact, access to the heath was easier now that the new margin to the pond was in place. During the period 1958-1966, the typical dragonfly year on Esher Common would run from early May with the emergence of the Downy Emerald Cordulia aenea, through to late October or early November when frosts had seen off the last of the Migrant Hawkers Aeshna mixta. The first of the damselflies, the Large Red Pyrrhosoma nymphula, appeared by mid-May followed shortly by another dragonfly, the Four-spotted Chaser Libellula quadrimaculata. By early _June the place would be have been heaving with the Common Blue _Damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum, and the Blue-tailed Damselfly _Ischnura elegans. Towards the end of July or in early August, the heath would have been alive with the Black Darter Sympetrum danae. The smallest species to be seen was the Small Red Damselfly _Ceriagrion tenellum, and the largest the Emperor Dragonfly Anax _ imperator. | Ignoring the recent additions to the British list, 34 species of Odonata had been recorded in the county of Surrey by 1966. Of these, I have, ‘over the years, noted 19 species on Esher Common. W. J. Lucas writing ‘in 1900, mentions Esher Common among the localities for 18 species and Cynthia Longfleld in 1948 specifies the locality for 13 species. In .| 66 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society tf all, 25 species have been noted at one time or another on the common, as follows: The Banded Demoiselle - Calopteryx splendens (Harris) The only specimen of this species that I ever saw on Esher Common was a very battered male found at the eastern end of the pond in August 1961. This is essentially a species of flowing water so I assume that this one had wandered from the River Mole near Esher where it was, at that time, a common species. It also breeds in good numbers on the River Wey at nearby Wisley. Lucas refers to “wanderers” at the pond and to it being found at the Mole at Esher but Longfield states that this species “breeds freely at: Black Pond”. I never found a larva of this species in any of the water on the common. The Beautiful Demoiselle —C. virgo (Linnaeus) The only record that I have been able to trace of this species is in Longfield who says that it “strays from the Mole” to Black Pond. I have never seen it on the common. The Beautiful Demoiselle Calopteryx virgo Photograph: Paul Millard The Emerald Damselfly — Lestes sponsa (Hansemann) | found this neat littke damselfly in good numbers every year from 1958 to 19606 — three specimens Were even seen as late as 7 October in 1962. It was also common on both 21 July and 3 August 1975 but there was no trace of it on 21 August 2004. 3¢ Volume 66 + April 2007 67 Longfield records this species “from all the big commons” in Surrey, thus including Esher Common, whereas Lucas had only one record of it from this locality. The White-legged Damselfly — Platycnemis penrnpes (Pallas) This is another species that frequents running water, so it comes as no surprise to learn that I have only seen it on two occasions on Esher Common. Two males were seen on 25 July 1960 and a few, of both sexes, on 13 June 1961. It bred and was found in good numbers on the River Wey at Wisley. There is no mention in Longfield and Lucas refers to only one record for this locality. The Red-eyed Damselfly — Erythromma najas (Hansemann) The typical locality for this species is a pond with water lilies as it spends long periods resting on their leaves. I have never seen either a water lily or any trace of this species on Esher Common. However, I saw this damselfly regularly throughout the period 1959 to 1966 on other local ponds, including the nearby Claremont Lake. There is no specific mention in Longfield but Lucas has one record for Black Pond. The Large Red Damselfly — Pyrrbhosoma nympbhula (Sulzer) An early season damselfly for which my earliest record is in mid-May. By early June it was found in large numbers from 1959 to 1966 when the larval exuviae were also a common sight on the waterside vegetation. During my two visits in 1975 I only saw one male and that 'was on 25 July. There was no trace of it on 21 August 2004. A very small proportion of the females seen at this location were of the dark form known as var. melanotum Selys. | Lucas refers to it being present “in large numbers” and had, as his earliest record, 29 April in 1894. The Small Red Damselfly — Ceriagrion tenellum (de Villers) I have never found this species over or near to Black Pond itself. However, from 1959 to 1966 a few specimens were seen each summer around the bog pools on the heath. A few were also seen in the area around the remaining bog pool in 1975 on both 21 July and 3 August. No trace of it could be found on 21 August 2004 — the state of the pool by then indicates to me that it is now devoid of insect ‘ife. yl 68 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society | I never found any of the female colour forms in the population on the common. Lucas notes the species from Black Pond but Longfield makes no mention of this location. The Blue-tailed Damselfly —Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden) A very common species and seen in very large numbers each year from 1958 to 1966. I also saw it in abundance on 3 August 1975 but strangely enough there is no mention of this species in the notes I made during my visit two weeks earlier — perhaps an oversight on my part! I could find no trace of it on 21 August 2004. All the females seen over the years at this location were of the “normal” form with none of the named colour forms turning up. This was also true of the population of this species that frequented the lake at Oxshott Clay Pits — now buried beneath a housing estate! On the various ponds within Hampton Court Park, which is not that far away, I found all four of the colour forms were present in good numbers every year from 1958 to 19660. Lucas only refers to one specimen of this species from Black Pond so it would seem that the numbers rose dramatically in the first half of the last century. There is no specific mention in Longfleld. The Common Blue Damselfly — Enallagma cyathigerum (Charpentier) This must have been the commonest species of Odonata at this locality during the period from 1958 to 1966. Throughout its long season both sexes were always present in great numbers, even straying well away from water and on to the heath where hundreds could be seen resting on the heather. It was also present in good numbers on both my visits in 1975. Sorry to say that I could find no trace of it at all on 21 August 2004. Lucas noted that “many of this species are captured by the snares of the Sundew plant (Drosera)” at the pond. It was also very common on Claremont Lake and at Oxshott Clay Pits in the period 1958-1900. The Azure Damselfly — Coenagrion puelia (Linnaeus) Although this species was always well outnumbered by the previous one, it was still a very common damselfly on Esher Common between the years 1959 and 1966. I was unable to find it on 21 July 1975 but there were a few present two weeks later. Again there was no trace of this species on 21 August 2004. Longfield refers to this species as being a Volume 66 * April 2007 69 common in the London area but does not specifically refer to this locality. Lucas, on the other hand, includes Black Pond in his list of sites for this species. The Southern Hawker — Aeshna cyanea (Muller) Whilst this was a common enough species in my part of Surrey, I only ever came across the odd specimen on Esher Common. I always found this strange particularly as I found it commonly on Horseshoe Clump, just the other side of the old A3. It clearly bred on Esher Common as I reared this species from larvae taken from the pond. It was also common over and around Claremont Lake. One female was seen swooping over the reed beds on 3 August 1975 but there was no trace of it on 21 August 2004. Lucas found it on Esher Common but Longfield does not specify this locality. The Common Hawker — Ae. juncea (Linnaeus) I have to admit that I never once saw an adult nor did I ever find the larvae of this species on Esher Common or at any of the other local stretches of water — and it was certainly not for the want of trying! Lucas specifically refers to it being found on the common but there is no specific mention in Longfield. The Brown Hawker — Ae. grandis (Liunaeus) This was, without doubt, the commonest of the large dragonflies to be seen on Esher Common every year from 1958 to 1966 and again in 1975 — always being found in good numbers. It was equally common on other local ponds such as Claremont Lake and at Oxshott Clay Pits. It is also the only species of the genus for which I found larvae in the bog pools on the heath as well as in Black Pond itself. There was no trace of this species on 21 August 2004. There is no mention of this locality in Longfield but Lucas does include Black Pond in his list of sites. The Migrant Hawker — Ae. mixta Latreille ‘During my many visits to Esher Common over the period 1958 to 1966 ‘this species was often absent and certainly it was never a common species at this locality. The most I ever saw at once was about six on the afternoon of 16 October 1960. However, during these same years, it ‘was very common on the lakes in Hampton Court Park (often referred | 70 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society L to locally as Home Park), Bushey Park and Oxshott Clay Pits. Again, it definitely bred in Black Pond as I have reared it as larvae found there. My two visits in 1975 were rather early for this species which is probably why it was not seen on either day. There was no sign of it on 21 August 2004. Neither Longfield nor Lucas mention Black Pond or Esher Common, but the latter says that this species is found “scarcely at Esher”. The Emperor dragonfly —Anax imperator Leach Throughout the period from 1958 to 1966 and again in 1975, this handsome species was common at this location but was never as numerous as the previously discussed, Ae. grandis. On any hot summers day the males would be seen hawking over the reed beds before dashing off over the pond in search of food or to chase off another male. There was no sign of this species during my visit on 21 August 2004. Lucas, however, observed at Black Pond, that “in the daytime they seem to rest among the # reeds, but when evening approaches to fly to the firs (on the north side of the pond) to roost there.” This is another species that I have reared from larvae extracted from both Black Pond itself and from the bog pools on the heath. The Golden-ringed Dragonfly — Cordulegaster boltonii (Donovan) I never came across this species on the common either as an adult nor in the larval stage. The only reference to its occurrence in this locality that I have found is in Longfield — she knew “of a dying female found The Golden-ringed Dragonfly Cordulegaster boltonii z Photograph: Paul Millard there in June 1900”. | 34 Volume 66 + April 2007 71 The Hairy Dragonfly — Brachytron pratense (Muller) This is another of the larger dragonflies that I have never encountered on Esher Common. There is no mention of it in Lucas, yet Longfield includes Black Pond in her list of localities for this species. The Downy Emerald — Cordulia aenea (Linnaens) This species was the first of the dragonflies to appear in May of each year from 1959 to 1966. In early May 1959, in particular, it was seen in great numbers flying over the pond and the neighbouring reed beds. I regularly reared this species from larvae found in the pond but never from the bog pools. In both 1975 and 2004 I paid my visits too late in the year to see this species as my latest record is for the first week in July. From 1959 to 1966 it was regularly encountered over the lake at Oxshott Clay Pits but I never saw it on Claremont Lake. Longfield notes that it breeds regularly at Black Pond and describes the species as “plentiful and widespread in the London area”. Lucas also noted this species from Esher Common. The Brilliant Emerald — Somatochiora metallica (Vander Linden) I found this species to be present in this location in the period 1959 to 1966 but never in such large numbers as the preceding dragonfly. On my visit on 3 August 1975 I saw only one specimen, a female. There was no sign of it on 21 August 2004 but, by then it was probably too late in the season for it to be flying. I never found the larva of this species on Esher Common. There is no mention in either Lucas or Longfield. ) The Black-tailed Skimmer — Orthetrum cancellatum (Linnaeus) | Only one specimen of this locally common species was seen by me on _ Esher Common during the period 1958 to 1966. This was a male found _ sunning itself on the bank close to the water on the northern edge of | | the pond on 25 July 1960 - right at the end of its normal flight period. A larva was dredged up from a bog pool on 7 October 1962 and as the species was very common at Oxshott Clay Pits I have no doubt that it was probably a lot commoner at Black Pond than my records would - suggest. I did see another male on 21 July 1975, another late date for this species. My subsequent visits in August 1975 and 2004 were _ probably too late to see it in flight. | Longfield says that “it appears to breed regularly in small numbers at | mumerous waters such as... . Esher and Richmond”. Lucas reports it | from various “brick-holes in the London district”, a description that well | fits Oxshott Clay Pits. i} i — 72. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society ¥ The Keeled Skimmer — O. coerulescens (Fabricius) I never once saw this species during all my visits to either this location or to the nearby Claremont Lake or Oxshott Clay Pits. Equally, there is no mention in Lucas but Longfield reports that it is found “occasionally” at Black Pond. The Four-spotted Chaser — Libellula quadrimaculata Linnaeus By the middle of May this species was a common sight at Black Pond, every year from 1959 to 1966 — on some days it would be seen in large numbers. I reared adults from larvae taken from the pond on several occasions. It was still common during both of my visits on 21 July and 3 August 1975 but, of course, there was no sign of it on 21 August 2004 when, in any event, it would be close to the end of its flight period. Two examples of the var. praenubila Newman, which has an additional dark patch on each wing below the pterostigma, were noted — strangely on the same date, 30 May, both in 1959 and 1964. Both Lucas and Longfield refer to “a long-established colony” in this locality. For those who may be wondering, I never found the Broad-bodied Chaser, LZ. depressa Linnaeus, at this location but it was common at Oxshott Clay Pits. The Black Darter —Sympetrum danae (Sulzer) As discussed in the introduction to this article, this is a species that occurred on Esher Common in great abundance in the period 1958 to 1966. There were also large numbers present on both 21 July and 3 August 1975. During my visit on 21 August I did see one female close to the eastern margin of the pond and also found an exuvia two metres above the ground on the trunk of an oak tree which was a further two metres from the water’s edge on the southern margin of the pond. My latest record for this species in flight was for 16 October in 1960. Longfield refers to Black Pond as “a long established home” for this species. The locality is also included in the list of sites in Lucas. The Ruddy Darter —S. sanguineum (Muller) I found a male at the pond on 4 July 1959 but that is my only record for it at this location. It was seen on several occasions near the lakes in Hampton Court Park in the early 1960s. There is no mention in Lucas but Longfield states that it “is found yearly at all suitable ponds on the Surrey Commons.” ae Volume 66 + April 2007 73 During a discussion that I had with the late A E (Eric) Gardner in early 1960, he told me that he had found that nymphs of this species cling to the roots of the Great Reed-Mace, Typha latifolia Linnaeus, and, as there are clumps of this around the pond it is possible that S. sanguineum could be breeding there. The Common Darter Sympetrum striolatum Photograph: Adrian Jones The Common Darter — S. striolatum (Charpentier) Like its name suggests, this was a common species on Esher Common every year from 1958 to 1966 and again in 1975. During my visit on 21 August 2004 I also saw one male resting and sunning itself on a path through the wooded area to the northeast of the pond. It has a very long season and I saw it flying over Black Pond on 16 October 1960. Females were often seen ovipositing by dipping their abdomens in the water as they skimmed the surface of the pond, thus allowing their eggs to be washed off. Both Lucas and Longfield noted that this species was very common throughout the London area. References Hammond, C O. 1983. The Dragonflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Harley Books. ) Longfield, C. 1949. The Dragonflies of the British Isles. Wame. Lucas, W J. 1900. British Dragonflies. Upcott Gill. | 74 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society L Dromius quadrisignatus Dejean 1825 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and other beetles in Bushy Park in October, 2006 Dr Peter G. Sutton (7388) AES Habitat Conservation Officer, 2 Fir Tree Close, Flitwick, Beds. MK45 1NZ. Introduction Saproxylic invertebrates are those that depend on decaying wood for some part of their life-cycle, and the broad definition of these species includes arboreal species such as the endangered carabid’, Dromius quadrisignatus’, a species which is included in the very useful provisional annotated checklist of ‘The invertebrates of living and decaying timber in Britain and Ireland compiled by Keith Alexander (2002). The presence of saproxylic invertebrates at a site provides a useful tool for the assessment of site quality and conservation value. As Roger Key (2000) summarises, “Species that exhibit strong fidelity to habitat and limited powers of dispersal lend themselves to be used as indicators of habitat quality and stability. Many species of saproxylic invertebrates are indicative, in Britain, of long continuity of appropriate ecological conditions associated with ancient trees.” The value of Bushy Park as a site of international importance for saproxylic invertebrates (among which are included some of the rarest invertebrates in Britain and Europe) was demonstrated by the survey completed by Jonty Denton, which provided a wealth of information during the comparatively limited time (between June and August) available for the completion of fieldwork in 2004. As a result of that survey, an Index of Ecological Continuity (EC) value of 100 was assigned to the site, making it “the 8th richest site (for which scores had been calculated) in Britain” and “clearly the most important site in Middlesex, and Greater London” (Denton, 2006)*. Inevitably, the optimum time for recording some species did not coincide with that survey period and as Denton points out, “It is likely that the list of saproxylic fauna, and corresponding indices (SQS, SQI, IEC) for Bushy Park will continue to increase (e.g. the presence of Lasius brunneus in such numbers suggests that associated species such as Scraptia testacea will almost certainly be present at the site.)” ' The adults and larvae of this predatory tree-dwelling beetle are found under bark, although it has also been Known to occur “amongst dead twigs, branches and litter on slightly damp ground” (BAP, 1999) > “ Now listed as Philorbizus quadrisignatus (Dejean) by the on-line checklist at www.coleoptenst.org ° Hammond and Harding (1991) state that, “Intensive and expert recording, using an array of techniques, in all seasons (and preferably over several years) are virtual prerequisites in order to develop a complete or almost complete list of saproxylic beetles for a particular site.” It is a measure of both the site quality of Bushy Park, and the forensic = — PP eee ~ ~ Re) = an Further details of this species are provided in another article in this issue: Andrena florea Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Andreninae) es. the Bryony Ladybird Apilachna argus Geoffroy, 1785 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): a new threat to a rare solitary mining bee ee es ae Volume 66 « April 2007 77 strategy was required, and PS’s jumper was used as a beating tray as MT attempted to relieve the foliage of its inhabitants. After a couple of attempts, a black spiky Bryony Ladybird pupa was found among the plant debris and dust, together with a vermillion adult (Plate 5). A specimen of the RDB2 (Vulnerable) ladybird, Nephus quadrimaculatus, was also found (Plate 5). The status of this ladybird undoubtedly needs revising. Details of the recent prosperity of Nephus quadrimaculatus, which has now started to appear commonly on Ivy in Surrey and elsewhere, are provided by Roger Hawkins in the excellent publication, Ladybirds of Surrey (Hawkins, 2000). MT and PS returned to the car in the twilight, and bar the strange smell of PS’s jumper, the trip had been a productive and enjoyable success. Acknowledgements Sincere thanks to: John Paul, Roger Booth and Tony Allen for kindly providing details and allowing inclusion of records, and to Mark Telfer for additional comments and Peter Hodge. References Alexander, K.N.A., (2002), The invertebrates of living and decaying timber in Britain and Ireland — a provisional annotated checklist, English Nature Research Report No.467, English Nature, Peterborough. 142 pp. Alexander, K.N.A., (2004), Revision of the index of Ecological Continuity as used for saproxylic beetles. English Nature Research Report Number 574. English Nature, Peterborough. 60 pp. Boyce, D. and Walters, J., (2001), The conservation of the Blue Ground Beetle in south-west England, British Wildlife, 13 (No.2), pp. 101-108. Biodiversity Action Plan for Dromius quadrisignatus, originally published in: UK Biodiversity Group Tranche 2 Action Plans - Volume VI: Terrestrial and freshwater species and habitats (October 1999, Tranche 2, Vol VI, p63) Denton, J., (2006), The Saproxylic Coleoptera of Bushy Park, Middlesex, Bull. Amat. Ent. Soc., 65, (No. 464), pp.18-28. Hammond, P.M. and Harding, P.T., (1991), Saproxylic assemblages in British woodlands: their conservation significance and evaluation, in: Read, H.J., (ed.), Pollard and Veteran Tree Management. Corporation of London, pp. 30-37. Hawkins, R, (2000), Ladybirds of Surrey. Surrey Wildlife Trust, Surrey, 136 pp. Hodge, PJ., (1992), A preliminary survey of the insects of Bushy Park, Privately commissioned report. Hyman, P.S. and Parsons, M., (1992), A Review of the Scarce and Threatened Coleoptera of Great Britain, Part 1, Peterborough: JNCC, 484 pp. Key, R.S., Saproxylic invertebrates and the conservation evaluation of British Parklands, pp. 155- 105, in: Harding, P.T. and Wall, T., (2000), Moccas: an English deer park, English Nature: Peterborough. 348 pp. _ Lindroth, C.H., (1974), Coleoptera: Carabidae, Handbooks for the identification of British Insects. Vol. IV (Part 2), Royal Entomological Society, London, 148 pp. Luff, M.L., (1998), Provisional Atlas of the Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Britain, JNCC. 194 pp. Paul, J., (2007), A recent record of Dromius quadrisignatus Dejean (Carabidae), The Coleopterist, 16 (Part 1), pp. 21-22. Shirt, D.B. (Ed.), (1987), British Red Data Books: 2. Insects. xliv + 402 pp. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough. 78 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society t The perching behaviour of the malachite butterfly by Michael E. N. Majerus (4027) Department of Genetics, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH e-mail: m.majerus@gen.cam.dac.uk Most lepidopterists know that some male butterflies, particularly among the nymphalids and lycaenids have favourite perches. Painted Ladys and Commas, for example, will often return to a perch within a few minutes of being disturbed from it. However, the malachite butterfly (Siproeta stelenes) (Plates 1 and 2), a tropical American species, takes this behaviour to extremes. I first came across this butterfly in Panama, in 2001. There it usually perched head down on the end leaves of a branch overhanging a path or clearing, five to ten metres above the ground. However, on a recent trip to Puerto Rico, I had the opportunity to make more detailed observations on the malachite’s perching habits. Seeing the butterfly quite frequently on the same branches on consecutive days, I began to wonder whether I was always seeing the same butterfly on a particular branch, and what made some branches favoured as perches. To my eye at least, the favoured branches appeared no different from dozens, if not hundreds, of other branches that the malachites never visited (Plate 3). Observations In a series of different tests over four days, I made the following notes 1. One perch was occupied by the same butterfly (identifiable by a nick out of its hindwing) for four consecutive days. Nw The butterfly mentioned above, on day four (my last day in the area), was disturbed 17 times, in a 90 minute period, and returned to the same perch each time. 3. On one track, four malachites had perches on branches along a short, north-south stretch, such that these four perches were about 15, 23 and 18 metres apart. The butterflies showed territorial behaviour, at times interacting aggressively. Typically, if one butterfly took to the air and approached the adjacent perching butterfly, the latter would drop from its perch and chase the former. Numbering the butterflies 1 to 4 from north to south along the track, I observed the following points. Butterfly 2 was approached regularly and almost equally by butterflies 1 and 3. Butterfly 3 was approached by butterfly 4, but never by butterfly 2, unless butterfly 3 was already in the air and encroaching on butterfly 2’s territory. No interactions were seen between butterflies that were not adjacent 34 Volume 66 + April 2007 79 (1with 3 or 4, or 2 with 4), unless the interaction was between three adjacent individuals, where the two outer butterflies were simultaneously encroaching on the middle one (e.g. 1, 2 and 3 interacting within butterfly 2’s territory). I gained the impression that thienounmynerches: formed a hierarchy, of attractiveness to the butterflies, with perch 2 being the most favoured, probably followed Dyanpcren > wand she two outer. perches, land 4, \being indistinguishable, but less favoured. The reasoning behind this impression was that both butterflies adjacent to perch 2 attempted to compete for this perch, while only butterfly 4 competed for perch 3 (butterfly 2 would not if it were already on a better perch). As far as I could ascertain, during two days of observations along this track, no successful perch take-overs were made. On another track, one branch, about 5 metres above the ground, was particularly favoured. I never went past this branch without seeing a malachite if it was sunny. I wondered what would happen iimelemesident butterfly was removed. Sol caught the butterfly, marked him with a black felt-tip pen spot on the underside of the hind wing and placed him alive in an envelope. Nineteen minutes later, another male malachite took up perch on the same branch. I removed this one too, giving him a different ink mark, and again retained him alive. Between 11.15am and 2.35pm, I removed a total of seven male malachites from this branch, with the intervals in MimMIUtes peme 19-48" 12-70, 21 and 30. Between 2.35pm and 3.00pm, no new male arrived. Finally, at 3.00pm, each of the seven males was placed in my net, and the seven were then all released together Three disappeared from the area immediately. The remainine four stayed im the sunny arena and interacted agesressively. Within three minutes, only one was left visible, sitting head down on the favoured perch that he had been removed from nearly four hours before because the perch’s occupant was the first butterfly to have been caught in the morning. Speculative deductions . Male malachites are territorial, guarding their territories from overhanging perches. Some branches are particularly popular, although the criteria that make particular branches favoured are not known. Male malachites form dominance hierarchies through repeated mid- air, aggressive interactions. 80 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society ae 4. Males can retain a favoured perch for several days. 5. Removal of a male from a favoured perch leads to replacement by another male in a short period of time. It was unfortunate that I had to leave Puerto Rico when I did, for this fascinating butterfly poses many unanswered questions that warrant further investigation. For example, what makes a particular territory or perch particularly favoured? What features of a male make it successful in competition with other males? Where do the replacement males come from? How common are perch take-overs? And are those males that secure and retain favoured perches more successful in mating than males lower down the hierarchy? Acknowledgements I am grateful to Cambridge University’s Travel Fund, and to Clare College for helping to fund my trip to Puerto Rico, and to the organisers of the 4th International Wolbachia conference for helping with travel arrangements. 36 Volume 66 «+ April 2007 81 Andrena florea Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Andreninae) vs the Bryony Ladybird Epilachna argus Geoffroy, 1785 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): a new threat to a rare solitary mining bee? Dr Peter G. Sutton (7388) AES Habitat Conservation Officer, 2 Fir Tree Close, Flitwick, Beds. MK45 1NZ. Introduction Recent literature suggests that the rare (RDB3) solitary mining bee, Andrena florea, as a monolectic flower specialist, is implicated in a picture of decline in Britain regarding the observed loss of bee diversity and the flowers that they pollinate. An additional threat to this mining bee comes in the form of the recent colonist, the Bryony Ladybird, Epilachna argus, which feeds on its sole pollen source, White Bryony Bryonia dioica. Background Andrena florea is confined to a handful of southern counties in England from the Isle of Wight, through Hampshire, West Sussex, Surrey and Middlesex, to Essex. A distribution map for this species, together with an account of its status, habitat requirements, flight period, pollen requirements, nesting biology and other details is provided by Else and Roberts in Edwards and Telfer (2001). Andrena florea is one of the very few British species of bee, and the only member of the Andreninae, which is restricted to a single plant species for pollen. It is monolectic for White Bryony Bryonia dioica, which is visited for pollen and nectar (Plate 7). Recently, there has been concern regarding the “Parallel Declines in Pollinators and Insect-Pollinated Plants” in Britain and Europe. This loss of bee and flower diversity was highlighted in a recent article (Biesmeijer et al, 2006) by an international team of researchers from Universities in Leeds, Reading, York, Netherlands and Germany, which provided evidence from a 25 year survey revealing that, “the diversity of bees and of the flowers they pollinate has declined significantly in Britain and the Netherlands”. According to this survey, which compiled diodiversity data from hundreds of sites, the bee diversity had declined n almost 80 % of sites for which data was provided. It was also found hat, “depending on the assemblage and location, pollinator declines 82 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society td were most frequent in habitat and flower specialists, in univoltine species, and/or in nonmigrants.” In conclusion, Dr Biesmeijer says: “Whatever the cause, the study provides a worrying suggestion that declines in some species may trigger a cascade of local extinctions amongst other associated species.” It is also accepted that although the research may not yet prove a global decline in pollination, in Britain and the Netherlands at least there is strong evidence that both wild pollinators and the wildflowers that they visit are in serious trouble.’ While it is clear that the results of the Science paper showed bee diversity had declined consistently in both countries, it has been noted that in some areas of Britain, for example in Bushy Park, Middlesex (Sutton and Baldock: 2003, 2006), aculeate species diversity (including bee diversity) has clearly increased in recent years as a result of range expansions by native species (e.g. Philanthus triangulum) and new species arriving from further afield (e.g. Nitela lucens). It is worth making the point that in some favourable areas at least, the reported trend may be offset, to some extent, by those species that are able, habitat willing, to exploit an increasingly favourable climate, including, from recent observations, an upturn in the fortunes of rarities like Andrena florea (which was. used to illustrate the cover of the Science journal containing the above article) and Hedychrum niemelai. A possible threat from the Bryony Ladybird Epilachna argus? The arrival of this species in Britain has been well-documented (Menzies and Spooner, 2000; Hawkins, 2000; Sutton, 2002a, 2002b) and it has spread steadily from the area of its original discovery at Molesey in Surrey to surrounding counties. In a previous article (Sutton, 2006), it was noted that the Bryony Ladybird was recorded in some numbers feeding on the localized areas of White Bryony frequented by Andrena florea in Bushy Park, Middlesex, and that the White Bryony had been significantly damaged by the ladybird larvae. However, on returning to the site in June 2006, there was hardly a Bryony Ladybird to be seen, and the Andrena florea population appeared to be thriving. Communication with Ian Menzies (pers. comm.) revealed that he had observed the same decline in Bryony Ladybird numbers around the Molesey area where it had been found in good numbers in the preceding years. It is likely that this species is adversely affected by unseasonal cold spells of weather, and the cold snaps that occurred in lit is interesting to note that this trend was not observed in a similar study of hoverflies by the group, where the diversity of hoverflies stayed roughly constant in Britain, and actually increased in the Netherlands. —E—E—— 36 Volume 66 + April 2007 83 the spring of 2006 may have accounted the for low numbers observed Bctoinetnceyecar, his observation, together with the fact that populations of the Bryony Ladybird are unlikely to reach the numbers required to eliminate areas of White Bryony, makes it unlikely that this ladybird will pose any real threat to populations of Andrena florea at present. References Baldock, D., and Sutton, P.G., (2006), Additions to the list of Aculeate Hymenoptera for Bushy Park, Middlesex, Bull. Amat. Ent. Soc., 65, (No. 464), pp. 29-36. Biesmeijer, J. C., Roberts, S. P. M., Reemer, M., Ohlemiiller, R., Edwards, M., Peeters, T., Schahters Ae Potts, S. G., Kleukers, R., Thomas, C. D., Settele, J., and Kunin, W. E., (2006), Parallel Declines in Pollinators and Insect-Pollinated Plants in Britain and the Netherlands, Science, 313 (no. 5785), pp. 351-354. | Else, G.R. and Roberts, S.P.M. in: Edwards, R. and Telfer, M.G., (Eds.) (2001), Provisional Atlas of the Aculeate Hymenoptera of Britain and Ireland Part 3, Huntingdon: Biological Records Centre. ) Hawkins, R.D., (2000), Ladybirds of Surrey, Surrey Wildlife Trust, Surrey, pp. 1-130. Menzies, I.S. and Spooner, B.M., (2000), Henosepilachna argus (Geoffroy) (Coccinellidae, Epilachninae), a phytophagous ladybird new to the U.K., breeding at Molesey, Surrey. The Coleopterist, 9, pp. 1-4. Sutton, P.G., (2002a), The Bryony Ladybird Epilachna argus (Geoffroy, 1785), a recent UK colonist, Bull. Amat. Ent. Soc., 61, (No 443), pp. 161-164. Sutton, P.G., (2002b), New records of the ladybird, Epilachna argus (Geoffroy, 1785), in Middlesex, Bull. Amat. Ent. Soc., 61, (No 444), pp. 183-184. Sutton, P.G. and Baldock, D., (2003), The Aculeate Hymenopteran Fauna of Bushy Park, Middlesex, Bull. Amat. Ent. Soc., 62, (No. 451), pp. 216-239. Sutton, P.G., (2006), Diary Notes: Bushy Park, Middlesex (1999-2005), Bull. Amat. Ent. Soc., 65, (No. 464), pp. 37-46. 84 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society tf Book Reviews Wild & Fearless: The life of Margaret Fountaine — Natascha Scott-Stokes This book examines the complex and alternately fortunate and unfortunate life of Margaret Fountaine; 19th-20th century traveller, Lepidopterist and ill-fated romantic. Growing up in a society in which the expectations of status and duty outweighed women’s freedom, she found herself engaged to marry for reasons unconnected with love. However, on unexpectedly inheriting a fortune from an unknown relative, Margaret realised that she had secured the means to follow her own path and immediately ended the engagement. So began a lifetime of travelling, first around Europe, then further afield, drawing and acquainting herself with the butterflies and entomologists that she encountered en route. As a woman, travelling often alone, she also encountered a variety of men who felt that this wealthy spinster could be the answer to their dreams. However, most of the friendships remained unfulfilled. It was in Algeria that Margaret met up with Khalil Neimy, who was first a devoted assistant and later a lover, but even this relationship was doomed. Khalil’s nationality created barriers to unrestricted international travel and whilst Margaret was prepared to ignore the difference in their social backgrounds and ages, her friends and family were not so forgiving. Khalil admitted to having a wife from an earlier relationship but when rumours of other wives began to circulate, the stresses on their friendship became very great. Nevertheless they continued to meet whenever possible — sometimes suffering months of separation due to Khalil’s passport problems. Khalil soon learned Margaret’s skills in setting specimens and proved himself prepared to undergo extreme discomfort in the pursuit of new species of butterfly for her collection. As the collection grew and Margaret became better known in entomological circles, her reputation increased and her knowledge was more highly valued. The difficulties that were thrown Margaret and Khalil’s way would have killed a less committed relationship, but the story is not happy reading; it is a tale of misunderstanding and thwarted desires, of single- mindedness, of incredible scientific achievement, of clashes of culture and of stifling bureaucracy. Jacqueline Ruffle | 36 Volume 66 + April 2007 85 Fly Dyestevem Conmor Reaktion. Books Lid, 2006. Soft back, 222pp, numerous colour pictures. Many dipterists might overlook a book written by a professor of modern literature, but Fly is a fascinating litthe volume, informative because of the imaginative breadth of material used to reflect man’s attitude to the flies that have shared his life for millennia. Steven Connor tackles first the fly as our familiar, quoting poetry equating man and fly, rapturously celebrating their co-tenancy in human spaces, adding observations by Pliny and Plutarch, lines from Shakespeare and less charitable thoughts from The Lord of the Flies. Egyptian hieroglyphics describe the award of large flies cast in gold or silver to soldiers exhibiting indomitable spirits, and Homer praised the warlike qualities of the fly. Humanists, dramatists and artists through the centuries are quoted and illustrated in a most readable and informative style that follows strands of thinking that sometimes track scientific | logic, or other times, simply intrigue the reader. Satan’s lieutenant Beelzebub appears just once in the Old Testament, but fly-borne disease was sufficiently well known for there to be a Roman God Myigarus, to protect against flies. The text is interspersed with fascinating illustrations showing Hottentots adoring an endemic fly _ believed to bring Grace and Prosperity, of flies getting stuck in honey (from Aesop’s Fables), of a fly crawling titillatingly across a lady’s _alabaster flesh (from a Dutch Master) and a selection of public health posters, one warning us: “the fly is as deadly as a bomber”. If you want to read about Spanish Fly, or how the Marquis de Sade used pastilles de _ Richlieu, you will have to read the book. This is a compact work of scholarship, well researched and well | referenced, from an entomological standpoint as well as the literary angle. I commend it to any reader whose view is broader than a -microscope tube. I have not read any of its companion volumes, but they include the titles Ant, Bee and Cockroach. Rob Parker How to Attract Butterflies to Your Garden by John and Maureen Tampion. Guild of Master Craftsmen 2003. ISBN —1-86108-297-5. £12 inclusive to UK addresses direct from the authors at 157 Brookway, Lindfield, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, RH16 2BP. Also | available from the publishers or booksellers. 170 pages. | 1 86 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society S¢ Having owned a copy of another book by these two authors, I was pleased to receive a copy of this publication. My initial views upon receiving the book was that it appeared to be of the same quality as the previous one, and I am pleased to say this extends to the photographic illustrations as well, of which there are many. The short introduction is followed by a chapter which deals with ‘Basic Principals’, which covers such matters as soil, climate, seasons, location, and this leads on to chapters which deal more in depth with both the more formal and wilder gardens. Plants suitable as nectar sources for attracting adult butterflies are dealt with at some length. This section covers some 40 plant families, some of which are cultivated types, whilst others are wild flowers, but generally littke mention is made of how attractive to adult butterflies the particular plant is. I would have preferred, as well, some indication or short list of those that are the more usually successful plants for nectar sources. However, a sufficient number of nectar plants are mentioned that we need not be spoilt for choice as to which ones to use. This publication is clearly intended to be sold in other parts of the world as well, since the chapter which gives details of the species you might find in your newly planted butterfly garden has separate sections for Australia and New Zealand, Europe and the United Kingdom and also North America. However, I found the system within each of these sections, of listing the species alphabetically using local vernacular names a little strange in that closely related species were not necessarily listed together, and the same species was sometimes listed under different names in each section. An example of this is Lampides boeticus being listed as either the Long-tailed Blue or the Pea Blue depending upon which area of the world the reader is living in. There are other sections which deal with such matters as larval food plants, factors influencing butterfly numbers, breeding butterflies and photographing butterflies with both traditional film SLR cameras and modern digital equipment. All in all this attractive looking book offers more than many of the generally smaller publications dealing with the increasingly popular subject of gardening for butterflies, but the way in which the butterfly species are listed and the lack of a “favourites” list of nectar plants was somewhat disappointing. Peter May (10514) +] Volume 66 « April 2007 37 A Pocket Guide to the Ladybirds of Britain and Ireland by Bryan J. Pinchen, published by Forficula Books 2005, 64 pp, 25 species illustrated in colour. Price £6.00. ISBN 0-9549349-1-1. The guide is available direct from the author at a cost of £6.50 which includes post and packing. Cheques should be made payable to B.J. Pinchen, and orders sent to B.J. Pinchen, 7 Brookland Close, Pennington, Lymington, Hampshire SO41 8jE. This is the second pocket A Pocket Guide to the identification guide ° produced by Bryan Pinchen, Ladybir ds and is every bit as useful as of Britain and Ireland the first guide produced for the idenbtihication or IBUIMOEESS, It COSS into claim to be an exhaustive guide to the identification of ladybirds found in British and Ireland, but provides an informative and colourful IMKOGUICKION ATO ethic, 25 species that can be easily recognised on the basis of their colour patterns and other observable identification ° features. Concise text for each species includes: field characters, similar species, colour Variations, labitat -and Pemeral distribution. The guide includes the recent arrivals, the Harlequin and Bryony Ladybirds, and usefully, also includes illustrations of the undersides of several species to allow the separation of e.g. the black Exochomus and Chilocorus species, something which seems to be neglected by other guides. Bryan J Pinchen This is a useful, colourful and informative guide to the ladybirds of Britain and Ireland, which can be used easily in the field by beginners and experts alike. It is well worth reserving a pocket for! Peter Sutton (7388) A NEW BOOK FROM Experience the lighter side of field entomology with Torben Larsen as he describes his experiences from around the world. There must be a Hazard for every occasion? £11.99 (inc. UK p&p) ® £13.99 (overseas) ORDER YOUR COPY NOW FROM Cravitz Printing Company Limited 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA. Tel: (01277) 224610 © Fax: (01277) 262815 ¢ E-mail: CravitzPrinting@btconnect.com aurelianbooks.co.uk —<—S0/0/0 = new website now launched The Best FOR NEW AND OLD BOOKS British Lepidoptera And we still do catalogues! SV Contact David Dunbar at Aurelian Books 31 Llanvanor Road, London, NW2 2AR, UK 020 8455 9612 0777 176 1050 ** 44 20 8455 9612 Books about butterflies, moths, dragonflies, beetles and other insects Entomologists’ Society British Butterflies throughout the year by Peter May This new book from the AES describes the adults of different species of British butterflies, according to the time of year they appear on the wing. Nearly all the 60 British species are illustrated. Focussing on encouraging an interest in entomology among the young, and the young at heart, there is a helpful calendar of flight times and a useful checklist to help you keep track of your observations. £5.00 Members price £ 3.80 Preparing and maintaining a collection of Butterflies and Moths by P. May and M. White. A practical manual detailing the various methods used to prepare specimens for a collection, from killing methods, setting the specimens and repairing damaged ones, to storage and preservation, including pest prevention and cure. 21 pages. 4 figures and 5 plates. (2006) £4.85 Members price £3.65 The Hymenopterist’s Handbook by Dr. C. Betts ez. al. 2nd edition dealing with the history of their families, classification and structures; natural history; studying, collecting, breeding, attracting and preserving Hymenoptera. Appendices include keys to the families. 214 pages with numerous tables, keys and figures (1986) £11.45 Members price £ 8.60 Revised Flight Tables for the Hymenoptera Revised flight tables for the Hymenoptera giving, wherever possible, times, location, flower visits and some indication of distribution and abundance. 24 pages (1988) £ 3.10 Members price £ 2.35 A Coleopterist’s Handbook Edited by J.Cooter & M.V.L.Barclay The Coleopterist’s Handbook, is now available as a fully revised and expanded fourth edition. Nomenclature has been brought inline with current use, collecting/curatorial methods reflect best practice and plant/beetle and beetle/plant lists are included together. Recent additions to the British fauna, modern and traditional techniques are included. All advice and comment given in the book is based | upon collective years of practical experience of both curatorial methods and field craft; beetle family chapters have each been written by an internationally recognised authority. 496 pages including 32 colour plates. £ 54.00 Members price £ 39.00 Host plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations A list of a wide range of plants, in alphabetical order, together with the beetle species that have been recorded as being associated with them. 24 pages (1992) £3.10 Members price £ 2.35 A Silkmoth Rearer’s Handbook by B.0.C. Gardiner SPECIAL OFFER PRICE £ 7.70 No further discounted price available A Dipterist’s Handbook by A.E. Stubbs, P.J. Chandler and others ‘A practical handbook for both the beginner and the initiated on collecting, breeding and studying the two-winged flies. Describes equipment, trapping, preservation, habitat, plant and animal associations and behaviour. Includes a detailed chapter on larval stages ‘with an illustrated key to families. An essential book for the keen Dipterist. 260 pages with drawings of larvae and equipment (1978, reprinted 1996) £14.20 Members price £ 10.60 Practical Hints for Collecting and Studying the Microlepidoptera by P.A. Sokoloff. A practical manual for those interested in the smaller moths, describing techniques for collecting adult moths, collecting immature stages, breeding, killing, setting and mounting. A list of useful books and journals as well as details of societies and suppliers is included. 40 pages, 11 figures (1980) £4.20 Members price £ 3.15 Rearing and Studying Stick and Leaf-Insects by P. D. Brock Specifically intended for beginners, although it is also suitable for experienced Phasmid tnthusiasts, it is one of the few guides to rearing that features the majority of the culture stocks available, 22 species in detail. The informative text is complimented by 8 colour lates, 14 black and white plates and 29 figures. (New edition, 2003) £ 11.20 Members price £ 8.20 The Study of Stoneflies, Mayflies and Caddisflies by T.T. Macan \ comprehensive guide to collecting and studying the biology and ecology of these iquatic insects. 44 pages, 10 figures and bibliography (1982) £ 4.20 Members price £ 3.15 sreeding the British Butterflies by P.W. Cribb \ practical handbook covering all aspects of butterfly breeding, including general 2chniques, equipment and hints on how to breed each of the British species. 60 pages, figures, 5 plates, Revised (2001) £5.20 Members price £ 3.85 Practical Hints for the Field Lepidopterist by J.W. Tutt \Vritten at the turn of the century, this book has been reprinted because of its scarcity ind value to students of Lepidoptera. It gives a complete month by month guide to vhich species and stages of macros and micros to look for and how to find them. Also lontains a biological account of the early stages and how to keep, rear, photograph and scribe them. 422 pages. Hardback. (Reprinted 1994). £ 24.00 ; Le Members price £ 18.30 Being a member of the Royal Entomological Society and the Amateur Entomologists’ publications. Discounts are only available if the subscriptions are fully up to date. Single copies only may be purchased on discount. Postage & Packing - Free to U.K. addresses, Overseas add 10%. Society has the advantage of discount on all our An index to the modern names for use with J.W. Tutt’s Practical Hints for the Field Lepidopterist by B.O.C. Gardiner A valuable cross-reference guide between the scientific and English names used in the early 1900s and the present time. £4.70 Members price £3.50 A Guide te Moth traps and their use by R. Fry and P. Waring The first sections deal with the measurement and properties of light leading into the types of lamp available and the electrical circuits needed to operate them. The next sections give details of the construction of the most popular traps used in the UK. The last half deals with the practical use of traps in the field including where and when to trap, limitations of traps and their relative performance. 68 pages, 21 figures, 15 plates (1996) £ 6.85 Members price £ 5.05 The Amazing World of Stick and Leaf Insects by Paul D. Brock A superb, comprehensive guide, for all those intrigued by these groups of insects. Topics covered include structure, fascinating facts, life history and development, defence behaviour, enemies, collecting, breeding (including trouble shooting), preserving, taxonomic studies, important collections in Museums etc. around the world and elaborate stories, beliefs and poems. Also outlines the major known species around the world on a regional basis. A section on Fossils is included. Includes a comprehensive glossary of the technical terms used in the description and classification of stick and leaf-insects. Hardback AS, 184 pages, 46 figures, 26 black and white plates and 40 pages of colour plates (containing 83 photographs and 4 drawings/paintings of insects and their habitats). (1999) £18.90 Members price £ 14.10 Rearing Parasitic Hymenoptera by M. Shaw This booklet provides information on the parasitic Hymenoptera to enable successful studies to be made of this little understood group of the British insect fauna. Details are given on the general biology of parasitic wasps, rearing principles, efficient rearing practices and detailed methods of dealing with adult wasps. 52 pages, 4 colour plates (New edition — 2001) £5.70 Members price £ 4.20 Larval Foodplants of the British Butterflies by Peter May A comprehensive compilation of the known larval foodplants of our native and immigrant butterflies. Also including “How to Encourage Butterflies to Live in Your Garden” by the late Peter Cribb 62 pages. (2003) £7.40 Members price £ 5.45 Glossary for the Young Lepidopterist £1.05 6 pages, 2 figures. (1951) Members price £ 0.90 A Label List of European Butterflies £2.35 20 pages. (Revised 1981) Some British Moths Reviewed Aid to the identification of some of the more difficult species. Reprinted from the Amateur Entomologist Vol. 5 (1941) and a Guide to the Critical Species of Lepidoptera, reprinted from Entomologists’ Gazette 1969-72. 64 pages, 6 black and white plates, numerous figures (1985) £4.45 Members price £ 3.35 Members price £ 1.85 Butterflies of Cyprus 1998 (Records of a years sightings) by Eddie John Observations of the 44 species of butterfly found on the island in 1998 including notes on each species and distribution maps. 46 pages (2000) £4.30 Members price £ 3.25 Collecting Het.Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) £1.20 12 pages (including 2 plates). (1946) Members price £ 1.00 Collecting Clearwings £1.10 12 pages (including 2 plates), 4 figures. (1946) Members price £1.00 Collecting Lacewings £2.25 9 pages, 8 figures, 5 plates. (2nd edition 1976) Members price £ 1.75 An Amateur’s Guide to the Study of the Genitalia of Lepidoptera 16 pages, 15 figures. (1973) £3.10 Members price £2.35 Rearing the Hymenoptera Parasitica £2.55 16 pages, | plate, 10 figures. (1974) Members price £ 2.00 Rearing Crickets in the Classroom £2.10 12 pages, 2 plates. (1986) (Reprinted 1993) Members price £ 1.65 Guidelines for Entomological Site Surveys £3.10 Published on behalf of the JCCBI. 7 pages (2000) (Reprinted 2003) Members price £ 2.35 The Journal of the Entomological Exchange and Correspondence Club 1935-1936 An AES Jubilee Publication. Fascinating reprint of the very first volume of the AES journal. 100 pages. £4.20 Members price £ 3.35 For postage by air-mail outside Europe please add 30% to order value. Please allow 28 days delivery. \All the above publications sent post free to U.K. addresses. Outside U.K. please add 10% to order value for postage by surface mail. Please make all cheques/postal orders payable to 'AES Publications’ and send to: AES Publications, 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA. i | Telephone 01277 224610 ¢ Fax: 01277 262815 * E-mail: aespublications @ btconnect.com Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Volume 66 © Number 471 April 2007 CONTENTS Editorial 2......c2ccc.0 iS sccsdess Giecce a hence ceqeuceceante eeu e 8 SESS ee 41 Lewis, D. Harley Books: The Final Chapter ..:.........:<<:2ce<-Gic toscet eee ne 43 Walker, J. A. The Re-emergence of Bedbugs........-..........-..c-sssssssssssseesensnsnceennaennaenneeseeeees 54 Cottle, N. Brachythemis leucosticta (Burmeister, 1839) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae): a new dragonfly species for Cyprus, and Trithemis arteriosa (Burmeister, 1839) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae): a rarely recorded dragonfly species in Cyprus ..............::csseeeeseeeeeeeeeeees 59 Keen, D. The Dragonflies (Odonata) of Esher Common, Surrey ............::cc:sseessseeesseeeeeees 63 Sutton, P. G. Dromius quadrisignatus Dejean 1825 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and other beetles in Bushy Park in October, 200G <..<:.....c<.c.ses.scdeeenseeunoecsenctcee een 74 Majerus, M.E.N. The perching behaviour of the malachite butterfly.................cseeeees 78 Sutton, P. G. Andrena florea Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Andreninae) vs the Bryony Ladybird Epilachna argus Geoffroy, 1875 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): a new threat to a Fare Solitary MINING DEO? << csc ysceconetceescnssetensecccecvancnnsuentnsetie GnduekaNGetie aaa aaa 81 Book REVICWS: ........cscsiescnccsceqcxisccensnssacnnnsvanakinvabesoueetatntdeece intestine ieee 84 © 2007. The Amateur Entomologists’ Society. (Registered Charity No. 267430) All rights reserved. Printed by Cravitz Printing Co. Ltd., 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA. 11 JUL 2007 oye deere re rs Pete Ret ad MIO OY LS BOL een ye OF” Reg ea BUARGaLy Founded in 1935 The AES ¢ BO. Box 8774 ¢ London * SW7 5ZG http://www.amentsoc.org Officers of the Society President: | Mike Majerus Secretary: Dafydd Lewis Treasurer: — Peter May Registrar: | Nick Holford Bulletin Editors: — Phil Wilkins & Martin Hough General Editor: Jacqueline Ruffle Habitat Conservation Officer: | Peter Sutton Advertising Secretary: Peter Hodge Exhibition Secretary: | Wayne Jarvis Youth Secretary: — Kieren Pitts ICN Editor: David Lonsdale Wants & Exchange: Peter May SUBSCRIPTIONS: First subscriptions should be accompanied by an additional £2 entrance fee, except for Bug Club members under the age of 13 to which this charge does not apply. Renewal charges Ordinary £18.50 Ordinary Overseas £22.00 | Bug Club (Junior) £11.00 Bug Club Junior) Overseas £22.00 . Family £25.00 Family Overseas £30.00 ADVERTISING RATES: Rates for advertising in the body of the Bulletin are: Full page £60, Half page £40, Quarter page £25. Series discounts and insert charges are available from the Advertising Secretary on request. NOTICE It is to be distinctly understood that all views, opinions, or theories, expressed in the pages of this Journal are solely those of the author(s) concerned. All announcements of meetings, financial grants offered or sought, requests for help or information, are accepted as bona tide. Neither the Editor, the Officers and Council of the Society, nor its Trustees, can be held responsible for any loss, embarrassment or injury that might be sustained by reliance thereon. Worldwide Butterflies ( WWW.WwWwD.co.UkK The Worldwide Butterflies website www.wwb.co.uk is a valuable source for Livestock, Equipment, Books and Specimens. The system enables us to show exactly what livestock is currently available and to update it as the season changes. The Annual Livestock list shows what is expected during the whole year. From time to time there are special Sale Offers of equipment, books, livestock and specimens - an ever changing situation. | With the 2007 season in view Equip yourself with the MOONLANDER MOTH TRAP with the new GOODDEN LIGHT Full details on www.wwb.co.uk The Moonlander folds totally flat and is contained in a convenient _ Slim shoulder bag. Very lightweight. _Moths enter from the bottom and cannot escape. Available with mains MV, battery or both. The battery light is the new Goodden Light which has outperformed all actinic and other previous battery lights. The nearest thing to battery MV! Very low power consumption so will run all night on batteries as small as 5-7 amps. = Seeing is believing! ATROPOS ANTIQUES’ PURVEYORS OF FINE COLLECTOR’S CABINETS London Fair where we regularly show entomological cabinets for sale We are specialist dealers in fine collector’s cabinets. We can offer a choice of at least 30 cabinets, varying in purpose, construction, quality and price. We can supply both restored and un-restored cabinets and will undertake to restore and paper cabinets for clients. We are always interested in the purchase or exchange of cabinets, with or without a collection. Callers to our showrooms are always welcome by appointment. We offer a specialist collection and delivery service throughout the UK and have full expertise in the safe transportation of cabinets and collections. George Morgan 97, West Street, Hartland, N. Devon EX39 6BQ T: 01237-441205/984 M: 07973 302190 E-mail: george @ atropos.wanadoo.co.uk * We are an independent dealership of 30 years standing and have no assc Many of you will have met us at the AES | A NEW BOOK FROM id yas Experience the lighter side of field entomology with Torben Larsen as he describes his experiences from around the world. There must be a Hazard for every occasion? £11.99 (inc. UK p&p) © £13.99 (overseas) ORDER YOUR COPY NOW FROM Cravitz Printing Company Limited 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA. Tel: (01277) 224610 © Fax: (01277) 262815 © E-mail: CravitzPrinting@btconnect.com Ian Johnson Natural History Books (Pemberley Books) Specialist in Entomology and related subjects Also Zoology, Ornithology, Botany etc. CATALOGUES — Second-hand, Antiquarian and New books — free catalogues available on request. SPECIALIST BOOKSHOP at Richings Park, Iver, just to the West of London — easy to reach by car or train. Visitors are welcome to visit and view our stock, but please telephone first to confirm opening times. * By car: only 10 minutes drive from the M25 via the M4 (Junction 5), or M40 (Junction 1). 15 minutes from Heathrow Airport. * By train: 20 minutes from London Paddington to Iver Station on the Paddington-Slough Thames Trains service (2 trains every hour). We are 1 minute’s walk from Iver Station. WEBSITE — view our stock on our website: www.pemberleybooks.com. BOOKS BOUGHT — We are always interested in purchasing books in our specialist field, particularly antiquarian, academic and scholarly works on insects and other invertebrates. 18 BATHURST WALK, RICHINGS PARK, IVER, BUCKS SLO 9AZ Tel: 01753 631114/Fax: 01753 631115 ¢ e-mail: ian.johnson@pemberleybooks.com BUG CLUB Do you want to cuddle a Cockroach, stroke a Stick Insect or hug a Harvestman? The AES Bug Club is for young people or the “young at heart” who find insects and other creepy crawlies interesting and even fascinating. As the junior section of the AES we are devoted to promoting invertebrates to the younger generation who, afterall, will be the entomologists of tomorrow! You can-help us in a number of ways, for example: by joining the Bug Club yourself, getting someone else to join the Bug Club, promoting the Bug Club and AES to your local school/Scout or Guide Group etc, running a Bug Club event or writing an article for our exciting newsletter. If you can do anything to help then please write to us: AES Bug Club, PO Box 8774, London, SW7 5ZG. Membership details can be found in the front of this Bulletin. Bulletin Cover The front cover of this issue shows the Wartbiter cricket Decticus verrucivorus. Restricted to a few sites on the chalky South Downs, this cricket is undergoing The ws Bulletin = of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society an intense conservation programme. jones 7 ore aan pamper euas.«. T? x tess i PRE TCR vere ‘aa JUL 2007 5 3 { Pade Se aR roy of the Amateur Enfomiologists’ Socie (EMT OMOLOGY Linas Volume 66 © Number 472 June 2007 Editorial First of all, I must apologise to those of you who were excitedly looking forward to the Special edition that I promised in the last Bulletin. Indeed, that project (on Orthoptera) has grown to such a degree under Peter Sutton’s expert care, that it may well spawn a separate, stand-alone publication. So keep your eyes peeled for that. Fortunately, we have plenty of high quality articles to replace that issue, and here they are. There is a good cross-section of invertebrate groups, but we are always looking for interesting observations. So keep sending your articles. Personally, I am fresh from filming my entomological exploits with tne Biss Imnissis for a Series to_be aired next year on BBC4 about amateurs in natural history recording. I tried to get in plenty of plugs about the Society, but obviously have no editorial powers. So I will have to wait to see how much air-time the Society receives. Have a good season and keep the feedback and articles coming! Phil Wilkins Mark your diaries: oF AES Field Trips Summer 2007 Thursday Sth August, Osterley Park & House, Jersey Road, Isleworth, Middlesex TW7 4RB. 1.00-4.00pm. “Trails and Tales”: Insect activities and a field trip to the park, for adults and children, in association with the National Trust. Saturday 15th September, Oxford. Field trip to Oxford University parks followed by microscopic examination of specimens at the nearby Oxford University Museum of Natural History, followed in turn by a behind the scenes tour of the museum’s insect collections. In association with the museum’s entomology and education departments. Further details will follow in the next Bulletin. Please let us know if you plan to attend either of these events, via the PO Box or email dafydd @ amentsoc.org (this will help us with the arrangements and enable to let us to let you know should there be any last minute changes). 90 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 The Second AES/RES Joint Northern Exhibition The second joint Northern Exhibition was held on Saturday 14th April, 2007, at York Race Course. The show was at least 50% larger than the first one in 2006. The number of visitors was more or less the same as last time, which is disappointing as we were hoping for more. The reasons could well be related to the level of advertising, as this was restricted to the York area, apart from the details published in the “AES Bulletin” and “RES Antenna”. Also, as a location York is possibly too far east, so we might need to look at the much larger conurbations of Leeds or, more likely, Manchester, to the west in order to achieve a much larger target population. The weather on the day was very bright and sunny, with little wind and this could have been another reason for the entry not being larger — people went out for the day! Having said this, reports from traders stated that they had had a good day. Spending per capita was much larger than at Kempton. The feeling of the traders was that people had more time and were less crowded so browsing was easier, plus traders had more time to talk with their customers. The general atmosphere was happy and relaxed, and people tended to stay for much of the day once they had entered. The event was announced regularly on Radio York’s morning programme and local radio and TV crews were present, though their material would have been broadcast after the event. Major traders present included Watkins and Doncaster (the Entomological suppliers), D.J. and D. Henshaw, Pemberley Books and the Cornish Crispa Company. Other traders present included Fox Exotics, GX Microscopes, Bugz (Martin French), Peregrine Productions (laminated identification cards) and a variety of individuals selling a host of entomological materials. Plus stands by various local and national groups such as The Yorkshire Wildlife Trust, the Yorkshire Branch of Butterfly Conservation, the British Tarantula Society and the Bumblebee Conservation Trust. Government Agencies such as DEFRA and the Central Science Laboratory ha stands explaining their roles and providing information leaflets, posters etc. The Race Course Cafe and Restaurant provided sustenance throughout the day! The ground floor was full, though with a little redesigning of the table layout, it might be possible to squeeze in a few more. The exhibition overflowed onto the Mezzanine floor where there were various static displays plus educational activities. The static displays included the results of the National Insect Week Photographic Competition from 2006, and the winners of the local schools picture competition. Other static displays included posters from post-graduate students plus others 3d Volume 66 * June 2007 91 about the RES Postgraduate Forum. Also there was Gordon Port’s insect identification table with microscopes, TV facilities and a range of live insects. People from the Central Science Laboratory manned a large stand where there was a rolling cycle of talks and films on entomology, each programme lasting about 15 minutes. Also on this stand were displays of live insects, bees and bee-hives, microscopes etc so enabling visitors to see things in much greater detail. The Mezzanine area was very busy during the day. The exhibits were mainly on the ground floor, there being a wide variety of high quality exhibits produced by both AES and RES members. These ranged from details of local conservation activities such as the Pleasley. Pit Nature Study Group and the Sorby Invertebrate Recording Group from Sorby Natural History Society. There were details of the National Ladybird Mapping Scheme, plus details of Bob George’s Siphonaptera (Fleas) mapping results for Yorkshire. Perhaps the most dramatic were two very large posters, size 2A, of the Japanese Hornet, one of which showed the head! These accompanied an exhibit about this hornet by Steve Martin. A most interesting one, and something I personally have never seen and was fascinated by, was Mitch Kelly’s one involving the tying of artificial flies for fishing. The knowledge required to do this is very extensive and the skill involved is considerable! Also, there was a number of small, individual exhibits, one of which depicted details of the Champions, a famous family of entomologists, and this was given the Colin Smith Award (named after a _ Cambridge Professor of Modern Languages who was also a very gifted Amateur Entomologist) for the best adult AES exhibit in the show. We _ were very fortunate to have three Junior exhibits, from children aged 5 | to 10 years. These were all very good. They had got together as a family, decided a theme and each child produced their own exhibit. The one on the red-eyed Damselfly by Sophie Wilkins was given the Tesch Award, (named after the founder of the AES), for the best Junior _ Exhibit. The other two were given runner-up awards as well. Details of the exhibits for which I received Exhibit Reports are given below. All in all, it was a very good and successful day that was enjoyed by all — even the volunteer helpers who stewarded the day enjoyed themselves! Wayne and Rob particularly enjoyed winding Angela up by giving her increasingly suspect tannoy announcements! — eventually she Hrealised what they were doing but I will leave the effects of the inevitable retaliation to your imaginations! If anyone would like a copy of the show guide, please send 50p or £1.00 to me (to cover postage | etc) at The AES, PO Box 8774, London, SW7 5ZG. | 92 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 Exhibit Reports Collated and edited by Nick Holford, AES Registrar Specimens and Artifacts of Aculeate Hymenoptera Michael Archer, FRES 50 1. Two large photographs to show the difference between true and cuckoo bumble bees. 2. A specimen of each of the queen, worker, and male of each of the six common true bumblebee species, with a coloured hand-out to help in distinguishing between them. A nest of Bombus pascuorum. 4. Details of BWARS (Bees Wasps and Ants Recording Society), including a copy of the member’s handbook and examples of Newsletters and Provisional Atlases. Y Insect Bioacoustics Research at York University Dave Chesmore, FRES The exhibit described current research in the Electronics Department at York University into the development of instruments to detect the presence of, and identify where possible, wood-boring insect larvae. The work uses low cost vibration sensors to pick up sounds of biting and stridulation (in some species), and then uses pattern recognition techniques to identify the species. The research described was part of a Defra funded project to investigate the feasibility of detection of quarantine beetle species such as the Asian Longhorn Beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) in imported materials. This species is causing large-scale damage in the USA. Other applications include the detection of species such as Stag Beetle larvae (Lucanus cervits) in stumps without damage. The exhibit showed several beetle larvae including two Stag Beetle larvae and also displayed a running presentation on insect sounds. Diversity among Tenebrionid beetles Kevin Chuter, AES, 4832 British Tenebrionid beetles, also known as darkling beetles, belong to the family Tenebrionidae which is one of 30 families worldwide belonging to the super family Tenebrionoidea, totaling some 20,000 species worldwide. There are presently 47 British species. Diversity of form and habit makes them an interesting group to study and observe for the beginner and more experienced: alike. The beetles 36 Volume 66 * June 2007 93 have a somewhat sombre colour range, mostly black or brown, and a diagnostic character is the arrangement of the tarsal segments, the front and middle being five segmented and the hind being four segmented. They are generally slow moving making observation easy. Tenebrionids can be sought in many habitats from coastal dunes to mountains, in cellars and grain stores, to fungi and many other habitats, where there is decaying organic matter to provide nourishment. SOmewor une) british species are- quite common. Nalassus laevioctovostriatus (in older works Cylindrinotus) is perhaps one of the most common, found in many habitats especially under loose bark. Others are more scarce and difficult, inhabiting such places as fungi, loose bark, and other beetles burrows. Several species inhabit the sea shore at various points and can be sought when on beach holidays under drift wood, (Phaleria cadavenanus can be surprisingly plentiful), beach refuse accumulations and under plants where it remains a little damp. Sand dunes provide home to some species modified for digging in sand, (Opatum sabulosum) and can be extracted from the slightly damp areas around plants, while others can be found crawling up Marram grass. The beaches of the Mediterranean have proved a rich habitat even-in the presence of holiday makers. Both people and beetles enjoy sandy beaches! Tracks in the sand can be found in the morning before the beach is groomed, and may lead to beetles (or other creatures!) hiding under foliage. Tenebrio molitor, the ‘mealworm’ beetle, has long been bred as a food for cage birds and reptiles and is now available as a freeze dried product. The large black nocturnal species Blaps mucronata as big as 25mm (on the British list) and similar species are found over a wide geographical area from Europe and the Mediterranean into Africa, where similar large black beetles have appeared in several wildlife films on Namibia and other desert areas. The one shown was found in a desert hotel foyer! So in conclusion, do look out for Tenebrionid beetles; there are lots of them to look for and the make an interesting group to study with all their adaptations and modifications to suit the diversity of habitats. My thanks to Maxwell Barclay of the British Museum Natural History for his help in identification and access to the Museum collection. | Further reading: _ Brendell MJ.D., 1975, Handbooks for the identification of British insects, Vol. V. part 10 Coleoptera Tenebnonidae. Royal Entomological Society, London. Line drawings and | keys to British species. | Harde K.W., 1984, reprinted 1998, A field guide in colour to beetles. Octopus books. _ Colour illustrations of European beetle fauna. i i 94 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Lf Joy N.H., 1932, A practical handbook of British beetles. Two volumes. Witherby London. Facsimile reprint by Classey (out of print). Cooter J. and Barclay M.V_L, 2006, A Coleopterist’s bandbook (Ath Edition). The Amateur Entomologists Society. The Amateur Entomologist, Vol.11. Includes comprehensive bibliography and description of all British beetle families. Fig trees and fig wasps Steve Compton — FRES University of Leeds, Faculty of Biological Sciences This exhibit displayed living plants and insects from the University Experimental Gardens in Leeds. It aimed to illustrate the complex life cycles of fig wasps, their extreme sexual dimorphism and their inter- dependency with fig trees. Along with examples of the diversity of fig trees (six different species were on display), live fig wasps from the South East Asian Ficus montana were available to examine under a microscope. Children seemed to particularly enjoy opening the figs to release the small swarm of tiny insects inside. Available Distribution Records of fleas (Siphonaptera) throughout Yorkshire Bob George, AES 1402 The main part of the exhibit was a large outline map of the county overlaid with the 10km square grid and the vice county boundaries. In each square was a number indicating how many species and sub- species had been recorded therein, and showing 42 squares with no records at all. The “top” squares are TBO8 and SE04, each with 20 kinds recorded. Only one has been recorded from 45 squares. As a whole, Yorkshire has 43 forms plus one very doubtful record. Hence, in terms of numbers Yorkshire is amongst the top four counties. The exhibit included a complete list of the British Flea fauna, and against each name the number of Yorkshire squares for which records exist was given. The Cat Flea, Ctenocephalides f. felis, heads the list with 68, followed by the so-called Hen Flea, Ceratophylius gallinae, with 47, then the Hedgehog Flea, Archaeopsyila e. erinacei, and our largest flea, common on voles, shrews and moles, Hystrichopsylla t. talpae, with 43. Some Personal Observations on Prionus coriarius (L.) (Coleoptera, Prionidae), also called the Tanner Beetle or the Sawyer Beetle, and a summary of current knowledge about it Nick Holford, AES 3804, AES Registrar Specimens of Prionus were shown, along with photographs. Also there were details of observations made, particularly on photography 3d Volume 66 °© June 2007 95 and the differences between the sexes. Two distribution maps were shown, one based on 10Km squares and the other on Victorian Vice- Counties. A full account can be found in the Bulletin of the AES, Vol 65, pp 209-215 (October 2006). Fly-Tying — an entomological perspective Mitch Kelly The author Sidney Sheldon wrote “a good angler is almost always a good amateur naturalist”. In fly-fishing, this is especially true. A good fly fisherman, one who can persuade the dourest trout to rise, is almost invariably a good amateur naturalist, and particularly an entomologist. Whilst the good fly fisherman may not be on intimate terms with taxonomy or Latin names (although a surprising number are), he or she will be fully familiar with the life cycles, behaviour, habits and habitats of the insect species that form the diet of the trout. Whilst they may not be able to name a given species with total precision, (although, again, this is not infrequently the case), they are fully capable of identifying an insect sufficiently accurately to be able to determine how a trout might react to it, and select an appropriate imitation. A good fly fisherman, on reaching the water, will often look for a spider’s web. A swift glance at the spider’s last few meals gives a rapid overview of what insects have been active recently. For the angler, not all insects are created equal. Indeed, many of the groups that entomology textbooks dismiss as having “no agricultural or health significance”, such as the Ephemera, Tricoptera and Plecoptera are critically important to the fly fisherman. To these can be added the Odonata (the hunters hunted!) and especially on still waters, Diptera (the larvae and pupae of midges form a large part of the diet of many still water fishes). Fish takes aquatic beetles and bugs avidly, and most — good anglers are familiar with them. On nutrient-poor upland waters, insects blown in from the land form a welcome addition to the diet of trout, and a good fly fisherman realises and takes advantage of this. Fly tying is the craft of taking feathers, furs, wire and other dead, essentially inedible items, and transforming them into facsimiles of living insects sufficiently credible to convince a fish that they are a meal. There are two broad strands in fly tying. One involves very close _ imitation. The experts from this school produce patterns that look as _ though they might crawl, wriggle or fly off the bench, given half a | chance. Their works have the precise number of body segments, the | correct patterns of wing cases, antennae and limbs, all the aspects of | the real insect, to fool the fish. | | i 96 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society LJ The other strand espouses suggestion. These fly patterns have sufficient of the key “triggers” from the real insect to convince the trout to take. These patterns have “jizz” (as birders would say) rather than detail. Both strands require an understanding of entomology. Unless one understands what one is trying to produce, how can the fly be effective? Fly patterns range from the incredibly simple (a bare hook with a twist of wire to impersonate a Baetid nymph: a moment's work) to the breathtakingly complex (the multistage Rhyacophila larvae beloved of American tyers: hours of painstaking effort), and all points between. There are patterns that represent all stages of an insect’s life, and many patterns representing the same species. It is quite possible to learn enough to tie effective flies in an hour, and then to spend a lifetime refining the craft — improving not only techniques, but also biological knowledge and understanding. However, it’s worth sounding a note of caution. To quote the famous Edwardian fly-tyer T.E. Pryce- Tannatt: “Advice to those wishing to learning fly-tying to save money: DON’T!” A selection of slides showing various stages of odonata development Brian Lucas, AES 3711 All the images were taken with a 35mm Nikon FE2 camera using a variety of lenses including 35mm wide angle, 55mm macro, 100mm macro and 200mm macro. Some of the images have been taken through a microscope. The list of images are: Aeshna juncea final instar larva Enallagma cyathigerum final instar larva Lestes spp larva Libellula quadrimaculata final instar larva Libellula quadrimaculata exuvia frontal shot showing labium Aeshna grandis exuvia labiurn (xl 3 magnification) Aeshna cyanea tarsal claw (x39 magnification) Aeshna cyanea exuvia underside head shot showing labium Anax imperator exuvia labial palps and moveable hooks (x25 magnification) Anax imperator exuvia side view showing extended labiu 3 Volume 66 + June 2007 97 Anax imperator exuvia showing head with prementum removed Cordulegaster boltonii frontal head shot of adult Calopteryx splendens adult male Pyrrhosoma nymphula adult female Sympetrum striolatum adult male Sympetrum striolatum adult female Sympetrum striolatum adult pair in ‘tandem Sympetrum striolatum adult pair in ‘cop’ Sympetrum striolatum adult female ovipositing Sympetrum striolatum pro-larva and ova Male-killing bacteria in ladybirds and butterflies Mike Majerus, Department of Genetics, Cambridge University, President, AES Most sexual species produce equal numbers of males and females. This is a stable evolutionary strategy because selection generally favours the production of the rarer sex. Thus, examples of highly biased sex ratios, as occur in various ladybirds and butterflies, interest evolutionary biologists. Females of many species of aphid-eating ladybirds and some nymphalid butterflies are infected with intracellular bacteria. These females produce mainly or only daughters as a result of the bacteria they carry. Typically, half the eggs laid by these females (the sons), fail _ to hatch, the male embryos having been killed by the bacteria. The bacteria are thus called male-killers. In this exhibit, I explain the evolutionary rationale of male-killers, ~ detail the species of ladybird and butterfly known to have male-killers, and explain some of the puzzles that still exist in relation to this phenomenon. Because female sex cells (eggs) contain a lot of cytoplasm, while male sex cells contain virtually none, the bacteria can only be inherited via the eggs, i.e., they are maternally inherited. As bacteria in males cannot be inherited, they lose nothing by killing their host, and may gain if the _ death of their host gives his sisters a survival advantage. This is because the sisters will carry clonally identical copies of the male-killer. | \ | | This is what happens. Newly hatched larvae eat any unhatched eggs in their clutch. The female larvae in an infected clutch will then have, 98 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society tf on average, one dead brother egg to eat. This is highly nutritious and _ gives these larvae a strong advantage when seeking their first aphid ‘ prey, compared to larvae from uninfected clutches that have not had such a meal. : Because of this, male-killers are very common in aphid-eating ladybirds. The bacteria that cause male-killing in ladybirds are taxonomically diverse: Bacterial genus/group Infected ladybird species Rickettsia Adalia bipunctata, Adalia decempunctata, Propylea japonica Wolbachia Adalia bipunctata, Coccinella undecimpynctata Spiroplasma (group VD Adalia bipunctata, Harmonia axyridis: Anisosticta novemdecimpunctata Flavobacterium Harmonia quadripunctata;: i Coleomegilla maculata, Hippodamia variegata, Coccinula sinensis; Coccinula crotchi Yersinia Cheilomenes sexmaculatus The rationale behind male-killing in ladybirds is well understood. This is not the case for male-killing in butterflies, because daughters from male-killer infected mothers appear to gain no advantage from the death of their brothers. Male-killers are known from four tropical butterflies Acraea encedon, Acraea encedana, Hypolimnas bolina and Danaus chrysippus and are suspected to occur in several more. In Acraea eponina, some females are infected with Wolbachia and produce only sons. However, here, the egg hatch rates from infected females are not lower than those from uninfected females. It has been suggested that male sex chromosome carrying eggs are killed by the bacteria before fertilisation and reabsorbed (in butterflies females have two different sex chromosomes: the opposite of humans). Problems to be resolved We have a number of questions that still need to be answered: 1. How widespread are male-killers in insects? 346 Volume 66 * June 2007 99 2. Do all aphid-eating ladybirds carry male-killers? How do the bacteria identify and kill male hosts? 4. What advantage do male-killing bacteria in butterflies gain from their strategy? 5. Is there a connection between male-killing and colour pattern polymorphism in warningly coloured (aposematic) species? This final question needs a little explanation. Insects with true warning colouration G.e. those with both bright colour patterns and some type of defense, such as being toxic, bad-tasting or having a sting), should all have the same colour pattern, so that they are easy for predators to learn to avoid. However, there are a few such species that are highly polymorphic, having several different colour pattern forms. These species include several ladybirds, e.g. Adalia bipunctata, Harmonia axyridis and Coccinula sinensis and in the butterflies A. encedon and D. chrysippus. Amazingly, every polymorphic species with true warning colouration that has been investigated for male-killers has been found to have at least one. Even more intriguing is the fact that in Danaus chrysippus, which is widely distributed across the Old World tropics, the male-killer only occurs in East Africa, and only here is the species polymorphic. Melanism in the Lepidoptera (industrial and non-industrial) Mike Majerus, Department of Genetics, Cambridge University, President, AES The evolution of industrial melanism in the Peppered moth is the most cited example of Darwinian evolution in action. Yet few people _ appreciate that over a quarter of British Lepidoptera have melanic _ forms, and the rationale behind the majority has nothing to do with | industrialisation of pollution. In this exhibit, I outline the various categories of melanism, their rationales, and show one or two examples _ of each. | | Full industrial melanism _The basic peppered moth story is simple. The normal, non-melanic form is white with dark speckling. The industrial revolution produced | pollutants that killed lichens on trees and blackened bark. A new | | genetic mutant form of the peppered moth, called carbonaria, was _ better camouflaged on these dark surfaces than the typical form. This led to selection, through bird predation, in favour of carbonaria in | areas affected by pollutants. 100 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society ae Bernard Kettlewell, during the 1950s, conducted field predation experiments confirming the hypothesis that differential bird predation of the melanic and non-melanic forms had been responsible for the increase in carbonia in polluted parts of Britain. Following anti- pollution legislation, carbonaria has been declining in frequency. This basic ‘text book’ story is essentially correct but incomplete. For example, it does not mention the other intermediate forms of the peppered moth, which are collectively known as the insularia complex. In addition, researchers subsequent to Kettlewell’s experiments have addressed problems in the design of Kettlewell’s experiments. For example, Kettlewell released moths onto tree trunks, yet peppered moths normally rest by day on the underside of lateral branches and twigs. None of this subsequent work has changed the essential conclusion that the changes in carbonaria frequencies are the result of Darwinian selection, and that the main agent of selection is differential bird predation. The carbonaria form of the peppered moth is an example of full industrial melanic polymorphism: the melanic form spread only subsequent to the industrial revolution. Of over 200 British macromoths having melanic forms, only a handful, such as the lobster moth, Stauropus fagi, brindled beauty, Lycia hirtaria and the figure of eighty, Tethea ocularis, are full industrial melanics. Partial industrial melanic polymorphism: species that had melanic forms prior to industrialisation, but in which melanism has spread or increased since industrialisation, such as the pale brindled beauty, Phigalia pilosaria the green brindled crescent, A//ophyes oxyacanthae and the satin beauty, Deileptenia ribeata. Some species show both full and partial industrial melenic polymorphism, e.g. the willow beauty, Peribatodes rhomboidaria. Polygenic industrial melanism: the average ground colour has darkened gradually as a consequence of the effects of industrialisation on the environment. This class is difficult to assess with any stringency because specimens in collections fade. It is likely to apply to many species, particularly in the Geometridae, e.g the scalloped hazel, Gonodontis bidentata, which has a full melanic form, but also shows polygenic industrial melanism, the typical form being darker in industrial regions than in rural regions. SS : ad Volume 66 * June 2007 101 Non-industrial melanism The prominence of industrial melanism in biological texts has eclipsed the fact that most British moths that have melanic forms, had such forms prior to the industrial revolution. Kettlewell (1973) split non- industrial melanics into seven classes, based on ecological reasons. Majerus (1998) added an eighth class, anti searching image melanism. i) Thermal melanism In thermal melanism, the properties of dark versus pale surfaces are crucial. Dark surfaces absorb solar radiation more rapidly than pale ones, allowing dark, day-active insects to become active more quickly than pale ones. It leads to dark species in regions with low sunshine levels (e.g. the black mountain moth, Psodos coracina, and arctic Colias butterflies), or polymorphism if some other balancing selective factor is operating (e.g. reduced mate attraction by melanic females of the silver- washed fritillary, Argynnis paphia). The melanics in Kettlewell’s other classes are all based on predation levels in particular circumstances. ii) Western coastline melanism Melanics may be more cryptic than non-melanics when resting sites are mainly dark because they are wetted regularly by sea spray. For example, the marbled coronet, Hadena confusa, has a form lacking most of the white marbling, which occurs only in shore-line populations. iii) Pluvial melanism _ Kettlewell ventured that high humidity and low light levels in mountain _ forests Gn New Zealand and North America), would make melanics | more cryptic. He did not give examples. _ vi) Rural or background choice melanism _ Many habitats are heterogeneous and contain both dark and pale resting _ sites. Some melanic polymorphisms are maintained because melanic and _non-melanic forms prefer to rest on differently coloured substrates (e.g. _twin-spot wainscot Archanara geminipunctata, dark arches Apamea | monoglypha, and clouded-bordered brindle, Apamea crenata. | v) Melanism associated with fire-resistant trees | . | Where cycles of burning and regeneration are the norm, the ratio of ark to light resting sites will change cyclically, and here melanic forms \| i i | i 102 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society tf may increase rapidly after burning, only to decline again as the vegetation regenerates (e.g. horse chestnut moth, Pachycnemia hippocastanaria). vi) Northern latitude melanism A) Land of the midnight sun Melanic forms gain an advantage when flying in particular light conditions. At high latitudes, species which emerge in summer cannot fly under cover of darkness, because there is no darkness at these latitudes in high summer. Here they are exposed to heavy bird predation when flying. In low light, the flight of dark moths is harder to follow than that of pale moths. Therefore, in northern latitudes, melanics suffer less from bird predation. In Shetland, some species have dark geographic races (e.g. ingrailed day, Diarsia mendica, northern spinach, Eulithis populata), while others are polymorphic (e.g. the autumnal rustic, Paradiarsia glareosa). B) Angle of the sun The low angle of incidence of the sun at high latitudes reduces the starkness of shadows, decreasing the effectiveness of disruptive patterns. This may account for the lack of the dark forewing mark on the hebrew character, Orthosia gothica, in northern populations. The Ghost moth is an exceptional case. In most of Britain, females are visually attracted to shining white males (right) flying over leks sites soon after dusk. In Shetland, predation of such bright males would be very high. Consequently, here males have lost their brightness, and females find males by smell. vii) Ancient conifer melanism In ancient conifer woods (e.g. Rannoch Black Wood), some species, e.g. the mottled beauty, Alcis repandata, have melanic forms that appear poorly camouflaged when at rest. However, while most cryptic moths rarely fly by day, trunk-resting species in these woods are often disturbed into flight ants that forage on the trunks. In dim light under the canopy, flying melanics are less easy to follow than non-melanics. viii) Anti search-image (or apostatic) melanism Finally, melanic polymorphisms are maintained in some species not because some forms are melanic, but because they are different. They ' - | 3d Volume 66 ° June 2007 103 gain an advantage at low frequencies because predators that have formed searching images for commoner forms do not actively search for them. The great variation in colour pattern that occurs in common species, such as the clouded drab, Orthosia incerta, and the mottled umber, Erannis defolaria, are a consequence of this type of predation. Melanism in brightly coloured Lepidoptera Melanism also occurs in brightly coloured species. Two examples are shown. Papilio dardanus (Mimetic melanism: female mimics may have more black than non-mimics to achieve resemblance to their model (Amauris niavius). Scarlet tiger, Callimorpha dominula (Sexual melanism: melanic polymorphism maintained by mating preferences). The Giant Hornet of Japan Vespa mandarinia Stephen Martin, RES The Giant Hornet of Japan Vespa mandarinia is one of the largest and most dangerous insects regularly encountered by people. In Japan alone over 40 people each year are killed due to being stung by emismmscer Me tecent arrival of. Vespa velutina in France is particularly worrying as this species is one of the most aggressive of all hornets. My exhibit introduces the public into the life-cycle of hornets and shows how only 20 giant hornets can slaughter 40,000 honeybees in just three hours in order to plunder their brood and honey. However, the hornets don’t have it all their own way and some species of honeybees can fight back, not by using there stings but by cooking the hornets to death using their own body heat. Funding for science week has allowed me to have a series of large posters printed, which along with actual specimens helped raise many interesting questions. Unusual Sixth Instar L. populi Hawkmoth Caterpillars Dr C.H.McCleery, FRES 5117 The exhibit showed some unusual sixth instar larvae of Laothoe populi _ that resulted from diseased third instar larvae. They were isolated and | | i | i i | reared on drier than normal sallow leaves until the diarrhoea ceased and they were eating well. 104 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society t Central Science Laboratory (Defra), Entomology Diagnosticians Sharon Reid and Sara Martins, RES Entomology Diagnosticians Sharon Reid and Sara Martins provided an exhibit demonstrating their work on non-native plant pests within the Plant Health Team at the Central Science Laboratory (CSL, Defra). They displayed preserved specimens of some of the quarantine-listed insects CSL regularly intercepts on imported plants and produce, including Citrus Longhorn Beetles (Anoplophora chinensis), Old World Bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). They also displayed recent posters and publications produced by the entomology team at CSL. Sharon gave a presentation on insects including invasive species entitled ‘Alien Invaders’ to children throughout the day. Selwyn Wilkins of CSL’s National Bee Unit also provided an exhibit where he discussed his role in the National Bee Health Programme and demonstrated tools of his trade. Display of the National Insect Week Photography Competition Liz Rogers and Amy Sutherland, Cicada P-R The exhibit displayed the 40 or more winning and commended entries from the National Insect Week 2006 photography competition, which was sponsored by the Environment Agency and attracted over 1,100 entries globally in two categories - British Insect and Foreign Insect. We were very pleased with the positioning of the photography exhibition on the mezzanine level. Being separate from the rest of the exhibition meant that visitors could come upstairs and browse the entries in relative peace and quiet. There was a steady flow of people throughout the day, many of whom spent a significant amount of time looking at the images in great detail. The mezzanine level served our purposes perfectly as it offered the perfect space in which to display the photographs to best effect. Entomological Champions Jacqueline Ruffle, AES, 5911 Given the Colin Smith Award for the best AES adult Exhibit. The exhibit comprised a poster about the Champion family, a family of amateur entomologists. George Champion; “Beetle Champion”, his brother-in-law James Walker; “Bug Walker” and two of George’s sons; tf Volume 66 ° June 2007 105 Harry Champion and Reginald Champion each made substantial amateur contributions to the field of entomology. George collected 17,500 beetles from Guatemala for the compilers of the Biologia America-Centrali, James travelled the world with the Royal Navy collecting butterflies en-route, Harry became a forester in India and sent captures [including 159 new species] back to his father in England. He later returned to Oxford as Professor of Forestry, and was knighted for his services to forestry. Reginald was a keen collector of butterflies and beetles in Surrey and Oxfordshire, prior to his premature death in the trenches. This poster picked out a few highlights from each of their lives and provided a snapshot of a remarkable family who were entomologically active across the 19th — 20th centuries. The Hugh Bridges Collection Of European Butterflies Malcolm Simpson, AES, 2735 This collection of European butterflies was assembled by Lieutenant- Colonel Hugh C. Bridges between 1955 and 1965 and donated to his friend Joe Firmin, in accordance with the terms of his will of 1967. Mr Firmin took possession of this wide-ranging and valuable collection in 1986 from Colonel Bridges’ friend and companion, Miss Winifred Sumpter, who had kindly been its custodian after the Colonel’s death. Miss Sumpter, also a keen naturalist, shared Colonel Bridges’ collecting trips in Spain, France and several Mediterranean islands and was present when many of the specimens were collected. Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh Cuthbert Bridges was born on 15 February 1886 in Southsea, Hampshire. He went to Sandhurst in 1904 and joined the North Staffordshire Regiment in 1906. His first overseas service was in India in 1906 and in 1909 he went to northern Nigeria, returning to the United Kingdom in 1913. At the outbreak of the First World War he went to France as one of the Old Contemptibles and was wounded in action. Later, after recuperation from his wounds, he served in the Dardenelles. After the war he went to the southern Sudan with the Egyptian Army and it was during this service that he met the famous naturalist- sportsman and artist Abel Chapman when Chapman was passing through from Kenya. Later, Colonel Bridges saw service in Ireland, | Gibraltar, Thrace and two periods in India. As well as being a | knowledgeable and widely-travelled field naturalist, Hugh Bridges was | also a big game hunter in some of the most remote areas of Asia and 106 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 Africa. He was a successful sportsman and captain of regimental teams at hockey, football, cricket and rugby. During the Second World War, and despite advancing age, he was in charge of a group of the Royal Pioneer Corps and went to the Middle East in January 1941, serving in the Western Desert, Egypt and the Sudan. While returning to England in autumn 1942, he was torpedoed off the south-west coast of Africa, spending some time in an open boat until rescued. On his return to the UK he served in Scotland and was demobilised from the Army in 1946. He went to South Africa soon after demobilisation and for several years collected butterflies, becoming a close friend of the eminent South African lepidoptarist Charles Dickson. His collection made during that time is now in the Bulawayo Museum. It was in 1955, after his return to live in England, that Hugh Bridges started his notable collection of European butterflies and each summer spent months at a time in some of the best localities in Switzerland, France, Spain, Corsica and Cyprus accompanied by Miss Sumpter. Digne, in Haute Provence, southern France, was his favourite collecting area and he became very well known to the people of this attractive town and regional centre during his stays-in the springs and summers of 1959, 1960, 1962 and 1964. As well as being an expert on the distribution of European butterflies and their habitats Colonel Bridges was, in his younger days, a keen ornithologist and zoologist. His collection of birds eggs made in Spain during his Army service in Gibraltar between the two World Wars, is now in the Maidstone Museum, Kent. He died in 1967 at his home in Bexhill-on-Sea, Sussex. When illness prevented further butterfly expeditions, Colonel Bridges concentrated on his extensive postage stamp collection, a hobby he had enjoyed for many years. To ensure the ongoing care and necessary maintenance of this important reference collection of European butterflies, Joe Firmin donated it to Malcolm Simpson in September 2006. The collection is housed in two 20-drawer cabinets and exhibited is a drawer from each cabinet showing a range of European butterflies. Pleasley Pit Nature Study Group Caron Stubbs, AES, 12560 The Group was formed in January 2000 by a few local enthusiasts to improve the habitat on the former Pleasley Colliery site. The Group has | | 4 | i 36 Volume 66 ° June 2007 107 since grown to over 100 members. Working with Derbyshire County Council, improvements for both the local community and wildlife became its main priorities. Maintenance and management of the site soon became paramount, this encouraged more species of all kinds of wildlife to take up residence on the 150 acre site. In the early days, bird watching formed the majority of records on site, but now recording of Butterflies (25 species to date), Dragonflies and Damselflies (19 species), Moths (150+ species), Flowers, Trees, Fungus, Spiders, Mammals, Reptiles and Insects, are all fed into local and national databases. We attend open days, fetes and specialist events as well as working with local schools and other similar groups, taking with us display boards with photographs taken by the members to help promote our wonderful site. Further details may be obtained from the secretary, E-mail — loz.brooks1@btinternet. corn This small display is part of a much larger collection of photographs and specimens assembled by the members of the group. All the photographs have been taken on site, but some of the specimens come from further afield. The display has been set up in our local library, schools, village halls and council offices. It is Constantly being updated with new species from the site, which is still developing. The group would like to thank group members Caron and Martin Stubbs for their efforts in creating this display. The Sorby Invertebrate Group Derek Whitely, FRES, 2241 The Sorby Invertebrate Group is part of the Sorby Natural History Society, formed in 1918. The Society collects information about the wildlife of the Sheffield and its surrounding area as defined by the map shown in the exhibit. This area includes most of South Yorkshire, the northern part of Derbyshire, most of the Peak District National Park and most of Sherwood Forest and the Dukeries. Traditionally the area was defined by a 20-mile radius from Sheffield City Centre. In 1978 the current grid square system was adopted. The Group appoints Honorary Recorders who keep records on behalf of the Society. Also, they organise surveys and publish reports. Society members are urged to send their records and observations to the Society’s Recorders. The Information is stored on a number of computerised databases. 108 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 The Aims of the Invertebrate Group are:- * To undertake more recording and surveys and increase our knowledge of the invertebrates of South Yorkshire, north Derbyshire, the Peak National Park, and north Nottinghamshire. The group appoints Recorders who are responsible for keeping records. * Co-ordinate the existing recording schemes and stimulate new ones. ¢ Publish frequent reports and papers in existing publications. * Promote the conservation of invertebrates and their habitats. * Encourage an interest in and enjoyment of invertebrates by providing facilities for members to meet informally and exchange ideas, help and advice. ¢ Increase the standard of identification and recording by organising workshops and identification day schools. e Publish a review of the Insects of South Yorkshire in 2010. ¢ Publish distribution maps of local species. * Organise field trips to record and enjoy local invertebrates. Specifically, there is an Hoverfly and other Diptera Recording Schemes whereby they collect records and information about Hoverflies and other Diptera in South Yorkshire, Peak District, north Derbyshire and north Notts. This scheme started in 1980 and about 60,000 records are stored so far. The local distribution is shown on 1Km square maps. Also, they look at how the species relate to habitats such as ancient woodland, old grassland, urban sites, different sorts of wetlands etc. The group runs Identification Workshops to help people get started identifying flies to species level. The group may be contacted at — invertebrates@sorby.org.uk « Junior Exhibits Phil Wilkins, AES, 7607, Bulletin Editor The Wilkins family decided to produce posters showing interesting insects and their lifestyles. Interesting Insects and their Lifestyles The Orange-tip Butterfly Eleanor Wilkins, Bug Club, 10725, aged 10 Given an award for a Highly Commended Exhibit Eleanor chose to illustrate the Orange-tip. Butterfly. She has been learning about butterfly life-cycles at school and chose the Orange-tip | 36 Volume 66 © June 2007 109 as it is an early species that lays its eggs on the Cuckoo Flowers in our wet field at home. Eleanor painted pictures of the different stages of the Orange-tip — the eggs, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. She also made a separate poster with interesting facts that she had found out about butterflies. This was presented as a ‘mind-map’. Damselflies Sophie Wilkins — Bug Club, 12972, aged 8 Given the Tesch Award for the best Junior Exhibit Sophie chose to show the life cycle of some damselflies. She chose these as she enjoys watching dragonflies and damselflies in the summer. Sophie illustrated two closely related species that we found last year in our fields at home. The Red-eyed Damselfly regularly rests along our hedges in early summer, probably having grown up in the flooded gravel pits nearby. Last year we had our first Small Red-eyed Damselfly in the garden. Sophie learnt about the two types and tried to accurately paint the differences between the two species. She also discovered that the Small Red-eyed Damselfly has only been found in this country for a short time. - Ladybirds Tom Wilkins — Bug Club, 12973, aged 5 _ Given an award for a Highly Commended Exhibit Tom chose to paint a Ladybird. Ladybirds have long been a favourite of his. He wanted to paint the beetle accurately and studied how they hide their flying wings under their wing cases. 110 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society t Intra-guild predation of harlequin ladybird larvae by lacewing larvae by Maria Fremlin (12447)* 25 Ireton Road, Colchester, Essex CO3 3AT. mariafremlin@gmail.com During the summer I go swimming in the Colchester Royal Grammar School open air pool, which is five minutes, by bike, from where we live. Bikes are usually left in the playground against a railing (Photo 1), which this year seemed to have quite a few ladybirds strutting up and down. They were mostly harlequins Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), plus others that I wasn’t so familiar with. Incidentally, the former were extremely abundant in our front garden last autumn but not at all this year. Now, I must tell you that since members of the AES were asked to help collect ladybird data (Ware et al., 2005) I’ve entered the ladybird world, and here I am reporting on progress. Why so many ladybirds in such an apparently barren place? In my puzzlement I started looking around, taking lots of photos, and gradually expanding my range to the brick wall at right angles to the railing, plus adjacent building, and the mature oak tree Quercus robur (Fagaceae) nearby (Figure 1). What did I see? Lots of very interesting invertebrates, most of them new to me, however after many emails, and a fair bit of reading, I finally had a notion of what was going on. Starting from the tiniest, at under 1 mm, there were many clusters of shiny black soil mites, aptly called beetle mites (Acari: Oribatidae) not only in the railing joints but on the shadier side of the brick wall too. These mites feed on lichens and other soil debris (Norton, 1990; Moran, 2006) and soon afterwards I was pleasantly surprised to discover other colonised brick walls in our neighbourhood. Ladybirds, larvae, pupae (Figure 2), and imagines, could be found near the mites. However, | never saw any ladybirds feeding on them, just mysterious dark patches, perhaps festive remains of their exoskeletons. Next, there were much paler patches of what turned out to be bark- lice Psocids (Psocoptera: Psocideae), 2-4 mm long, (Aldrete, 1990; Meyer, 2000). They also liked to be together and were mostly on the brick wall; but were much more mobile, they quickly reassembled when disturbed, behaving a bit like a herd of deer. Also, given the opportunity, they clustered under fallen acorn cups (Fremlin, 2006). They are a woodland species and surely must have fallen down from of Volume 66 ¢ June 2007 111 Figure 1-- General view of the CRGS playground where lots of ladybirds were found on the railing, low wall and the building wall, facing east, also on the oak tree trunk. Note that none were found on the little garden the left of the building, and on the hedge on the right. Picture taken on 13/08/2000. Figure 2 - Harlequin ladybird pupa next to beetle mites in a joint of the galvanised steel railing. Note the whitish spines at the base of the pupa, they are part of the skin shed by the larva as it pupated. Ladybirds pupate in the open, a rather exposed Situation, however any intruder approaching them from behind, if it gets past the spines, will get snapped ' up by their dorsal clefts as they promptly flip upwards; you just try tickling one. 06/08/2006 Figure 3 - Harlequin ladybird H. axyridis f{. conspicua feeding on a bark-louse. Note the little group, right, of the sand coloured barklice close together. 31/08/2000. 112 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 Figure 4 - Harlequin ladybird larva feeding underneath the vulnerable part of a pupa of its own species. Note that the pupa is somewhat deflated compared to the one in the Photo 2. 17/08/2006. Figure 5 - Cannibalism between last instar harlequin ladybird larvae, feeding underneath sideways thus avoiding their dorsal spines and tubercles, a_ strong defensive armature. Note also the beetle mites and the lichens on the mortar between the bricks. 18/08/2000. Figure 6 - Left, green pupa of a micro moth which was probably eaten, soon afterwards, by the harlequin ladybird H. axyridis f spectabilis. Qn the right is a dead harlequin ladybird larva, probably sucked dry by a larva of which species I'm also not sure of. 17/08/2000. . Volume 66 June 2007 113 Figure 8 - Lacewing larva and harlequin ladybird H. axyridis f. spectabilis, face to face. This larva scurried _ round the ladybird always keeping its distance. 03/09/06. Figure 7 - Lacewing wing larva spearing a last instar harlequin ladybird larva laterally, using the same? “tactics: as the harlequins, but with the added advantage of its long jaws, compare with Photo 5. 15/08/2000. Figure 9 - Lacewing imago, probably freshly emerged, next to a harlequin ladybird H. axyridis f. succinea, both highly unpalatable. 01/09/06. 114 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society Lf the oak tree. On closer inspection of the oak trunk though I couldn't find any there, perhaps they were feeding under the bark? However there was plenty of wildlife to be found, for instance, the harlequins and the 10-spot ladybirds (Adalia 10-punctata) were also there, the latter are associated with deciduous trees (Majerus et al., 2006). On the railing and immediate surrounds the 10-spot ladybirds were perhaps the most abundant species after the tiny, just over 2mm, black ladybirds Scymnus auritus Thun., apparently a widespread species associated with oak woodland (Jerry Bowdrey, pers. comm.), more presents from the oak, no doubt. Now these bark-lice were fed upon with great gusto, a great delicacy, not just by the ladybirds, larvae and imagines, but also by the swift moving lacewing larvae Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), another first for me. The lacewing activity peaked during warm afternoons and was happening only on either side of the brick wall, running approximately north-east though (Koryszko, 2006). I checked the tree trunk and they were there too, then I took one home and it promptly pupated, thus saving me the trouble of feeding it. There was indeed a lot of eating going on, not just the feasting on the bark-lice (Figure 3), but other things too including harlequin larvae eating each other and their own pupae (Figures 4 and 5). For instance, I’m pretty sure that a harlequin imago found next to a green micro moth pupa (Figure 6) was responsible for its disappearance, alas while I was swimming, very frustrating. Note that in the same photo the other thing on its right is an apparently shrivelled last instar harlequin larva; there were plenty of those about too, which brings me to the climax of my observations, actually seeing, and being able to photograph, the smaller but swifter lacewing larva having the better of the slower last instar harlequin larvae (Figure 7). The black harlequin ladybird larvae have their backs adorned with tubercles and spines, and during their last instar also have aposematic orange patches — advertising their toxins — possibly the same as in the imagines (Frank et al., 2006); these were the only ladybird larvae that I spotted there. For me it was quite rewarding to observe, mostly by poring over my photos, how the lacewing and harlequin larvae tackled all these defences, and did not seem to mind about the toxins. Later on, much better informed, I was able to spot a silky lacewing pupa in a crack in the brick wall, and a lacewing larva going round a stationary harlequin imago, showing great respect (Figure 8)? Better still, an imago next to a harlequin imago both brimful of chemical defences (Eisner, 2004; Eisner et al., 2005) and yet seemingly oblivious of each other (Figure 9). 3d Volume 66 © June 2007 115 Now I am eager, when the pool opens again next May, to start observing again this amazing habitat around that oak tree, a real oasis surrounded by concrete; one can only start to imagine what could be going on in its canopy. Would the harlequins and lacewings be up there as well? Coincidentally it was found that individual trees were by far the most valuable for wildlife in general, and the native oaks scored the most points (Alexander, et al., 2006). Just of ladybirds I found underneath it a total of four species, which included the odd two-spot ladybird Adalia 2-puntacta, plus some spiders, moths, etc.; more photos uploaded in a website (Fremlin, 2006). I've also checked a row of three mature London planes Platanus acrerifolia (Platanaceae), at the entrance to the playground, and found no signs of ladybirds, or other invertebrates, either on their trunks or on the ground; these trees do score very low (Alexander, et al., 2006). As for the observations on the lacewing larvae feeding on the harlequin larvae, it would certainly be very valuable to collect more field data as in laboratory experiments it was found that it was the other way round; the harlequin ladybird larvae were the most effective intra-guild combatant against lacewing larvae of similar age, albeit a different species, C. rufilabris (Michaud, 2003). Is the harlequin ladybird a threat to our native species? (Ware et al., 2005). Probably not to the lacewings, my observations show that the harlequins have possibly encountered one enemy in one of our native lacewings and perhaps will not find it so easy going in Britain. Who knows? Acknowledgements First, thanks to Ruth Yates and her granddaughter for drawing my | attention to the ladybirds. Second, to that oak tree for being such a _ magnanimous overflowing host, and giving me such an opportunity to _ learn so much in the most exciting way. Then, to Peter Brown, UK _ Ladybird Survey Project Officer, who has been very patiently guiding me through the ladybird world, and also made valuable comments on the manuscript. Also to Jerry Bowdrey and Nigel Cuming, Colchester Natural History Museum, for the ID of the tiny Scymnus auritus which, being not quite so fresh, caused them quite a bit of head scratching. Last, but not least, I’m also extremely grateful to all the _ other people who have helped me with the numerous IDs, and were sO generous with their knowledge: Ken Fry, Tim Gray, Frank Kohler, Gary Lang, Jim McClarin, Jim Occi, Richard G. Robbins, Theo and Shaun Tamblyn. 116 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 34 References Aldrete, A.N.G. 1990. Insecta: Psocoptera, 1033-1052. In: Soil Biology Guide, Edited by Daniel L. Dindal, Wiley. Alexander, K., Butler, J. & Green, T. October 2006. The value of different tree and shrub species to wildlife. British Wildlife, 19-28. Eisner, T. 2004. For Love of Insects. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Eisner, T., Eisner, M. & Siegler M. 2005. Secret Weapons: Defenses of Insects, Spiders, Scorpions, and Other Many-Legged Creatures. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Frank, H. & Mizell, R.F..as in November 2006. Ladybugs — Insecta: Coleoptera: Coccinellidae, University of Florida. http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/beneficial lady_beetles.htm Fremlin, M. as in November 2006. Habitat photos under the oak tree in the playground of the Colchester Royal Grammar School. http://maria.fremlin.org/crgs. Koryszko, J. 2006. South facing walls - profitable for larvae hunting. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society, 65, 161. Majerus, M., Roy, H., Brown, P. & Ware, R.L. 2006. Guide to the ladybirds of the British Isles. Text FSC; images Chris Shields. OP102. ISBN: 1 85153 297 8. Michaud, J.P. & Grant, A.K. 2003. Intraguild predation among ladybeetles and a green lacewing: do the larval spines of Curinus coeruleus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) serve a defensive function? Bulletin of entomological research, 93, 499-505. Meyer, J.R. as in November 2006. PSOCOPTERA - http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course ent425/compendium/psocop~1.html Moran, M., Web Curator, as in November 2006. Soil Mite (Oribatidae Family), http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/soil_mite.htm Norton, R.A. 1990. Acarina: Oribatida, 779 - 803. In: Soil Biology Guide, Edited by Daniel L. Dindal. http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/compendiumy psocop~1.html Ware, R.L., Majerus, M.E.N., Roy, H.E., & Symington, F. 2005. The Harlequin ladybird arrives in Britain: A threat to our native species? Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society, 64, 175 - 186. 34 Volume 66 * June 2007 117 Collecting Centipedes, Millipedes and Woodlice: The True Story by Paul Lee, Tony Barber and Steve Gregory Introduction The study of myriapods and isopods has moved on considerably from the days of Cloudsley-Thompson on whose account (Cloudsley- Thompson, 1952) was based a recent article in this publication (Holford, 2006). A considerable body of literature has built up over the last century covering not just the identification of these animals but also their ecology and economic importance. A range of national and international societies now bring together both professional and amateur myriapodologists and isopodologists around the world with international conferences held every few years. Here, the British Myriapod and Isopod Group (BMIG) was formally established in 2000 following the merger of the informal British Myriapod Group and the British Isopod Study Group, both of which were founded in the late 1960s. Members of BMIG have played leading roles in the international organisations and continue to do so today. The status of the myriapoda as a taxonomic group has been the subject of much debate but it is convenient to group together the multi- segmented Chilopoda (centipedes), Diplopoda Gnillipedes), Pauropoda | and Symphyla under this heading. The Isopoda are a group of _ crustaceans mainly composed of marine species but including a few terrestrial species (woodlice) that are conveniently studied alongside _ the myriapoda because of similarities in ecology. Centipedes (Chilopoda) Centipedes are generally regarded as non-specialist carnivores. All adult centipedes have at least 15 pairs of legs along their segmented body _ but, unlike millipedes, clearly have only one leg pair per segment. They _always have relatively long antennae and, underneath the head, a pair of poison claws with which they trap their prey. No centipede has 100 legs but the greatest number recorded for British species is 101 pairs in a rare Cornish type. There are 47 species recorded “outdoors” in Britain with a further | seven from inside buildings or in heated greenhouses. They are readily | divided into four orders. Geophilomorpha (earth centipedes, wire | centipedes) have a long body (up to 7cm) with between 35 and 101 leg | Pairs and move relatively slowly. The number of leg pairs remains f | | 118 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 constant throughout life so most immature animals of this order are identifiable. Order Scolopendromorpha includes the giant tropical centipedes but also three British species of the genus Cryptops. These are reddish brown, fast moving, up to 5cm long and have 21 pairs of legs. Lithobiomorpha (stone centipedes) are commonly some shade of light, reddish or dark brown, with relatively short bodies and 15 pairs of comparatively long legs; most have a tendency to run away very rapidly when disturbed. Our single member of the order Scutigeromorpha is known as the “house centipede” and is a very strange animal, dull violet in colour with violet bands on the body and legs. These latter, along with the antennae are very elongate and when the animal is seen running up the wall of your living room give it the appearance of some sort of bizarre multi-legged spider. In recent years, there seem to be more records of it from buildings in various parts of Britain, it certainly occurs outdoors in Jersey and might possibly be found on the south coast of England. Millipedes (Diplopoda) Millipedes are the largest grouping within the myriapoda with over 60 species in the British fauna. Millipedes are basically detritivores and play an important role in the decomposition of dead organic material. Some species are specialist algal grazers and a few are considered economic pests because of their liking for soft living tissues such as seedlings and potato tubers. The basic pattern of the millipede body is that of a long tube up to 50mm in length and formed of similar ring- like, segments each bearing two pairs of legs. A few segments at each end of the body may have one or no pairs of legs or the limbs may have become modified into reproductive organs in the male. The body segments may be ornamented in various ways giving a more flattened rather than a cylindrical appearance or in the case of the pill millipedes may be hemispherical allowing the animal to roll up into a ball. On most of the body segments two lateral openings or ozopores lead to glands which secrete noxious chemicals including hydrocyanic acid and alkaloid poisons that are valuable in deterring predators. The contents of these glands are sometimes brightly coloured giving the animal a distinctive appearance. Pauropoda Pauropods are tiny soil animals less than 2mm in length and because of this they are rarely collected. They are probably detritivores and are also similar to millipedes in that each body segment has two pairs of a | a6 Volume 66 * June 2007 119 legs but they have a maximum of just ten pairs of legs when adult. Their most characteristic feature is the branched pair of antennae. Symphyla Symphylans resemble tiny, white centipedes and are usually less than 5mm in length. Unlike centipedes they appear to be detritivores. Adults possess just 12 pairs of legs, fewer than any centipede, and the legs lack the claws possessed by centipedes. Woodlice (Isopoda) Woodlice are among the most familiar of animals and a readily accessible group to study. The distinctive feature of woodlice is their seven pairs of legs. These are attached to seven body segments, the pereon. The eggs and young are incubated in the brood pouch beneath. The last five body segments, forming the pleon, hold the respiratory and reproductive organs. Being crustaceans, woodlice are more closely related to aquatic crabs, shrimps and lobsters than they are to millipedes or centipedes. They are the only crustacean group to have successfully colonised dry land. Cumenty 59) species are known to occur in Britain and Ireland. Although a few species can be very numerous in many habitats, the _ majority are more secretive and rarely encountered unless searched for. _ Woodlice have adopted three distinctive lifestyles to avoid danger. _ Perhaps most obvious are the ‘rollers’ that form a ball when disturbed, ‘clampers’ have flattened bodies that firmly lock down onto a substrate, _ whilst ‘runners’ have long legs for a speedy getaway. As with millipedes, woodlice predominately feed on partially _ decomposed plant material. Their digestive system is very inefficient so | much of what they consume passes straight through the gut. However, _the chewed and partially digested faecal pellets are readily decomposed _by other organisms, such as fungi. Thus, woodlice indirectly speed up | the recycling of nutrients back into the soil. Collecting 1. Field work Although myriapods and isopods can be taken using methods such as | pitfall traps and vacuum samplers, the most commonly used collecting ‘techniques involve turning over stones, logs and other debris and grubbing in leaf litter and the surface layers of soil. Small, elusive, soil | dwelling species can often be found on the underside of large stones or | | | 120 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society Ee logs partly embedded into soil. Such dark, humid locations are favoured resting sites for many other species as well. However, do not ignore other sites such as the sea shore, to which a number of species are restricted, and walls, which should be searched at night with a torch. Harding and Sutton (1985) give a detailed account of the great variety of coastal habitats in which woodlice (and equally applicable to millipedes and centipedes) can be found. Larger species may be picked up carefully with fingers or fine forceps. (Although none of the British species are considered dangerous, some of the larger centipedes have been known to bite humans and such a bite could conceivably cause anaphylactic shock in a susceptible individual.) Smaller species are best collected with a pooter or a fine paintbrush. Animals can be kept live in small glass or polypropylene tubes but centipedes will eat other organisms and all will suffer desiccation if a little damp tissue is not included. Some of the small white woodlice need to be examined alive as the eye colour, an important identification feature, will fade if they are placed in alcohol. However, most specimens are collected directly into alcohol (70% Industrial Methylated Spirit or 50% Iso-propyl alcohol) which both kills and preserves the specimens for later examination. A lot of useful ecological data has been collected for myriapods and isopods although there is still much to discover. This data stems from both amateur and professional field workers making the effort over the past thirty five years to record details of the habitats in which they have collected species. Anyone collecting myriapods and isopods is strongly encouraged to continue this recording tradition. 2. Identification With a little experience some species can be readily identified in the field. However, most myriapods and isopods will need to be killed in alcohol and examined under a low power, stereo microscope. It is probably the requirement for a microscope that is the greatest barrier to study of these organisms but it is no more of a barrier than for the majority of invertebrate species. Indeed it is the Lepidoptera and Odonata that are the exception rather than the rule. Although the features used in identification are usually quite distinctive, unlike the comparative characters used in the identification of many beetles for example, sometimes a specimen will need to be dissected. Thus myriapods and isopods are no more difficult to identify than most other invertebrate groups but, as is usually the case with invertebrates, some experience and access to the specialist literature is helpful. Training ad Volume 66 * June 2007 121 courses in myriapod and isopod identification are regularly run by the Field Studies Council and occasionally by other organisations. Identification workshops are also organised by BMIG as part of its residential field meeting programme. 3. Reference collections Anyone studying myriapods and isopods is advised to begin a collection of preserved voucher specimens of the species they have identified. Not only does this allow their records to be checked but it also enables the beginner to compare newly collected specimens with ones that have already been named, thus easing the identification process. The need to check a record arises not only from doubts about a particular identification, but also because of taxonomists deciding that what has always been considered a single species is in fact two or more closely related species. This has occurred several times in recent years, most recently with the Common Pygmy Woodlice Trichoniscus pusillus which was previously considered one of the five most common and easily identified woodlice. Voucher specimens in reference collections should be preserved in alcohol (70% Industrial Methylated Spirit or 50% Iso-propyl alcohol) in small glass or polypropylene tubes. Despite what is recommended in older works, under no circumstances should glycerol or glycerine be added to the tube. Each tube should contain a label written in waterproof ink or pencil on high quality paper. The label should provide at least the following data: * name of site of capture (from an OS map) ¢ grid reference of site of capture (from an OS map or GPS unit) ¢ date of capture * name of collector * name of species (when identified) * name of person who identified species. 4. Identification literature Although useful keys and identification guides to British centipedes, millipedes and woodlice have been written they are not always easy to get hold of. Most of the literature on centipedes and millipedes is out of print or currently in preparation and therefore only available as test versions of keys. There is no literature readily available that helps with the identification of pauropods and symphylans. A good starting point for the beginner is Animals under logs and stones by Wheater and Read (1996) which provides introductory keys to centipedes, millipedes and | #22 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society 3 woodlice (and more besides) and is currently available. These three groups are covered in more detail by Richards (1995) but this booklet is now out of print. There are currently two identification guides available to the British woodlice. The AIDGAP key by Hopkin (1991) is easiest for the beginner but the Linnean Society Synopsis by Oliver and Meechan (1993) is more comprehensive. For many years Eason’s Centipedes of the British Isles (1964) was the standard work for centipede identification but it was long out of print and became a collectors’ item fetching over a hundred pounds for a copy. Recently it has been released on CD by Pisces Conservation Ltd but it is now quite dated and therefore difficult for the beginner to use. An AIDGAP key to centipedes by Barber (2003) has been tested and is now awaiting the final amendments prior to publication. The standard work on British millipedes, the Linnean Society Synopsis by Blower (1985), is also out of print but a revision of this book is in preparation. A provisional key to British millipedes (Lee, 2007) is also under development and has been tested during courses run for the Field Studies Council and other organisations. British Myriapod and Isopod Group (BMIG) BMIG is affiliated to the British Entomological and Natural History Society. Its membership currently stands at 258 including 50 overseas members. Members receive a copy of the society’s newsletter twice each year and are entitled to attend the AGM and field meetings. The main field meeting is held to coincide with the AGM, just before or just after Easter, and involves a residential weekend, usually in an under recorded area of the country. The 2008 meeting will be held in South Wales. Additional meetings are also arranged in some years. There will be a meeting in Oban later in 2007 and previous meetings have involved trips to Hungary and to northern Spain. In addition to the newsletter, a peer reviewed Bulletin is produced, usually annually. Further details of BMIG and its activities are available on the website at www.bmig.org.uk. References and Bibliography Barber, A.D. (2003) A guide to the identification of British centipedes. AIDGAP test version. Field Studies Council. Unpublished. Barber, A.D. & Keay, A.N. (1988) Provisional atlas of the centipedes of the British Isles. ITE. Huntingdon. Blower, J.G. (1985) Millipedes. Synopses of the British Fauna, Linnean Society of London, EJ.Brilly Dr W Backhuys, London. Cloudsley-Thompson, I.L. (1952) Collecting Centipedes and Millipedes. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society, 11: 5-8. tf Volume 66 * June 2007 123 Eason, E.H. (1964) Centipedes of the British Isles. F. Warne & Co. Ltd., London. Harding, P.T. & Sutton, S.L. (1985) Woodlice in Britain and Ireland: Distribution and Habitat. ITE, Huntingdon. Holford, N. (2006) Collecting Centipedes and Millipedes. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society, 65: 154-161. Hopkin, S.P. (1991) A key to the woodlice of Britain and Ireland. Field Studies Council. Hopkin, S.P. & Read, HJ. (1992) Biology of Millipedes. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Lee, P. (2007) Provisional Keys to British Millipedes. Version 3. Unpublished. Lee, P. (2006) Atlas of the Millipedes (Diplopoda) of Britain and Ireland. Pensoft, Sofia. Lewis, J.G.E. (2007) The Biology of Centipedes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Oliver, P.G. & Meechan, C.J. (1993) Woodlice. Synopses of the British Fauna, Linnean Society of London, FSC, Shrewsbury. Richards, J.P. (1995) Millipedes, Centipedes and Woodlice of the Sheffield Area. Sorby Natural History Society, Sheffield. Sutton, S.L. (1980) Woodlice. Pergamon Press, Oxford. Sutton, S.L., Harding, P.T. & Burn, D. (1972) Key to British Woodlice. Ginn & Co. Ltd., London. Wheater, C.P. and Read, HJ. (1996) Naturalists’ Handbooks 22. Animals under logs and stones. Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd., Slough. An interesting spider observation in the winter by Jan Koryszko (6089) 3 Dudley Place, Meir, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST3 7AY. 29th December was a very cold day with an early frost followed by some snow showers. During one of these snow showers, I noticed a spider's web in the corner of my outside lounge window. A snow-flake the size of five pence piece landed in it. Suddenly a lethargic looking _ spider entered the web very slowly to investigate, no doubt hoping it was some prey. After some lean weeks it was presumably hungry. On finding the snow-flake, which was starting to melt in one corner, the spider appeared to be having a drink from the flake. Then suddenly, it cut the web to remove the snow-flake which fell to the ground. The web was patched up — I have seen this spider repair its web many times over the months. After stormy weather and on mild nights it spins a new one. Why the snow-flake was removed is a mystery, as droplets of water are often found in the silken threads of the web after rain or frost. Perhaps the size of the snowflake may give the spider’s hiding place away. I notice birds like Blue Tits or Wrens often search in cold weather for insects in crevices in walls and windows. I know spiders like moisture and take small amounts of it. Possibly the snow-flake contained some nutritional properties to sustain it through the lean times. 124 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society 36 An abundance of aliens: the Rosemary Leaf Beetle Chrysolina americana UL. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Harlequin Ladybird Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Battersea Park, London Dr Peter G. Sutton (7388) AES Habitat Conservation Officer, 2 Fir Tree Close, Flitwick, Beds. MK45 1NZ. On Friday 1st September 2006, prior to one of our quarterly AES Council meetings at Holborn in London, I decided to walk along the muddy banks of the Thames near Chelsea searching for the remains of a 6,000 year old Neolithic forest that can be seen at low tide. Having missed the low tide by two hours, and passing Battersea Bridge, I remembered the words of our President, Mike Majerus at the AES AGM in April, following a talk on the Harlequin Ladybird Harmonia axyridis: “Battersea Park is teeming with Harlequin Ladybirds.” In the light of such an emphatic statement it was worth having a look, and literally, Figure 1. The Harlequin Ladybird Harmonia axyridis in Battersea Park 34 Volume 66 * June 2007 125 within a few yards of entering the Park, I found a Harlequin Ladybird (Figure 1) on the road, followed by many more on foliage as I walked through the Park! In addition, almost every cultivated lavender bush had a compliment of the Rosemary Leaf Beetle, Chrysolina americana (Figure 2). It is a pity that this latter species is regarded as a pest worthy of chemical persecution, because it is very pleasing to the eye with its shiny metallic appearance and coloured stripes, and not unreminiscent of our own Rainbow Leaf Beetle Chrysolina cereadlis. Both species observed appear to be thriving in Britain and have spread from county to county at an impressive rate. The Rosemary Leaf Beetle, a species of Mediterranean origin which was first reported as an outdoor colony in- Surrey in 1994, has since been recorded across London and many areas of South-East England, and from as far afield as Edinburgh in Scotland, Pembrokeshire in Wales and southeast Yorkshire. A recent distribution map showing the current distribution of this species (updated January 2007) is available on the Royal Horticultural Society website: http://www.rhs.org.uk/research/projects/ rosemarybeetlemap.asp Even more impressive is the distribution map (updated February 2007) for the Harlequin Ladybird: http://www.harlequin-survey.org | Figure 2. Rosemary Leaf Beetle Chrysolina americana on Lavender in Battersea Park. | ; 126 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 4 which shows the rapid spread of this Asian species across the British mainland since it was first reported in Essex in September 2004. By all accounts, these invasive non-native species are now well established in Britain and are here to stay. It is likely that the Harlequin Ladybird will have a significant impact on our native fauna, possibly leading to the local extinction of certain vulnerable species, whereas the Rosemary Leaf Beetle is likely to represent nothing more than an annoying pest to those who cultivate its food plants on a decorative or culinary basis. A note on the Turnip Moth in Staffordshire by Jan Koryszko (6089) 3 Dudley Place, Meir, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST3 7AY. I remember during the late 1950s and early 1960s the Turnip Moth (Agrotis segetum D.&S.) was much more common than it is today. My late Father had a large allotment with his friends, and as a small boy I used to help them. In those days a larger number of people grew vegetables in their allotments and gardens. I remember finding live larvae underground and on the roots and lower stems of root vegetables after digging. Also other cutworms were found like the Heart and Dart (Agrotis exclamationis Linn.). Adult moths were found at times in greenhouses, sheds and once even in a cold frame. Since those days the numbers of the Turnip Moth have fallen, no doubt today less vegetables are grown locally. The moth can still be found today, common in some years, but much less common than the Heart and Dart which appears in moth traps in the county in many hundreds per night in some areas. I am told that during World War Two the Turnip Moth could be found everywhere (with the Dig for Victory campaign, vegetables were planted in every spare plot of land). This species was a pest and today it still reaches pest proportions in some parts of the country such as East Anglia, causing economic damage to root vegetables planted in quantity. a Volume 66 * June 2007 127 Some notes on Scottish Lepidoptera by Frank McCann (6291) 57 Lockhart Street, Germiston, Glasgow G21 2AP. Orange-tips Anthocharis cardamines In late May 2006, and around 2.00p.m., a friend and I were walking along a pathway in Campsie near Glasgow. To the left of the path was a stream. On the other side of the path were various wild flowers growing in a slightly marshy area. There were five or six quite large Orange Tip butterflies flying rather swiftly amongst the flowers. One flew past me and towards the stream, and then returned to its companions. Peacocks Inachis io In early May 2005 I saw a Peacock butterfly at Parkhead, Glasgow, flying over and then resting on dandelion flowers on a grassy roadside verge. I was able to get close to it as it rested. | On 13th April 2007, I saw an individual nearer to home. It seemed injured and rested on the pavement in Royston Road, Germiston, Glasgow. I was able to catch it and place it on a dandelion in a garden. It had disappeared by the next day. About five or six years ago, I used to see Peacocks (singly) at | Easterhouse where I stayed at the time. The time of year would be May ' Ove jurors Chamomile Sharks Cucullia chamomillae — \ost habitats | In July 2005, I found two Chamomile Shark caterpillars at Queenstlie, Glasgow. They were on chamomile in a field to the north of the area. Around a week later, the field was taken over for building. A metal | fence was erected and soon work began. Another habitat lost. _ As regards the Glenconner area of Glasgow, I have only noticed one | or two chamomile plants recently, with no caterpillars. I am yet to _ discover any other areas with the plants. 128 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society tf Aberrations of the antennae of British Coleoptera by Keith C. Lewis (3680) Top Flat 108 Park View Road, Welling, Kent. DA16 15S/. During the last sixty years of fieldwork I have only found four beetles with abnormal antennae, three are illustrated; the fourth beetle was destroyed when my collection was vandalised during a break-in. It was also the common Abax parallelepipedus and was found under a log in Joydens Wood, Bexley, Kent. Although I have no record of the date when it was captured, probably during 1964, but I remember that the branched antenna was also situated on the left-hand side of the head but was only branched into two, unlike the antenna in illustration 1 that branches into three. Please note the two small buds that seem to be growing on the top left hand section of the antenna of Crepidodera femorata. All drawings not to scale. Aberrations of the left antenna found in Coleoptera during the last sixty years of field work. 1. Abax parallelepipedus. Chalk Wood, Bexley, Kent. TQ5273. 16.03.1989. Taken in Bated Pitfall Trap. 2. Crepidodera femorata Chalk Wood, Bexley, Kent. TQ5471. 19.05.2002 Sweeping Mixed Herbage at Field Edge. 3. Carabus nemoralus Druids Grove, Near Boxhill, Surrey. TQ1851. 10.03.1987 Under bark of Birch Log. ad Volume 66 * June 2007 129 It seems just like yesterday ... by Dafydd Lewis This year will be a bumper one for anniversaries. The newspapers will be full of them, as journalists take the opportunity to fill column inches and create review articles based on past events, whenever there is not much news to report — or even when there is! For example, did you realise that it is 300 years this year since Carolus Linnaeus, who invented the classification system we use to describe plants and animals, was born? It was also in the year of Linnaeus’s birth that Scotland and England became a single state — before that, Scotland was a separate country. Mone recent anniversaries include that of India becoming an independent country (was that really only 60 years ago?!), the Falklands War (25 years), the death of Princess Diana (10 years) and it is 20 years since the Dusky Seaside Sparrow became extinct (though personally I can’t recall that one). 30 years have also elapsed since the death of Elvis Presley — for those of us who believe that really happened. And of course it was 50 years ago, in 1957, that the first Frisbee flew! No doubt there are many more anniversaries this year, but for the AES the most significant one is the tenth birthday of setting up the AES Bug Club, and the Bug Club Magazine (BCM). The Bug Club had its Omcmnisean execter Wniversity in 1990, in the form ofa Youth Development Scheme funded by the Royal Entomological Society and run by Clive Betts. Over the next few years the scheme grew into the very successful Bug Club, aided substantially by the talents of, among others, Kieren Pitts, Simon Bell, Gordon Ramel and the broadcaster Nick Baker. You can read about the early history of the Bug Club on our new website, which is due for launch soon. But since 1997 the Bug Club has found a permanent and secure home within the AES and, with Kieren Pitts as AES Youth Secretary, the AES Bug Club has continued to go from strength to strength. It was 70 years ago, in 1937, that the name “Amateur Entomologists’ DOciciy vas first, used (before that we had been called the Entomological Exchange and Correspondence Club). Whilst the AES Bulletin has always contained notes and longer articles at a range of levels of complexity, and is primarily aimed at adult entomologists, the BCM is geared more towards newcomers to entomology, including those interested in information about insect orders outside their own specialism. 130 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society cs Of course, the magazine has content especially aimed at the younger generation, and as such it is an important element in how we can fulfil our stated charitable aim to “promote the study of entomology, especially amongst amateurs and young people”. But it would be a mistake to assume that there is nothing in the BCM to interest adult entomologists. On the contrary, there are often factual articles that complement those to be found in the Bulletin. One example is the series of well illustrated articles on ‘Ladybirds through the year by Professor Mike Majerus and his colleagues, which appeared throughout 2006. Mike is currently AES President and is a leading authority on these beetles, and I for one certainly found the series useful. It had never occurred to me previously to hunt for ladybird hibernation sites... such articles inspire, as well as inform. I have found that having a copy of the BCM around the house can come in handy when neighbours or relatives, or their children, ask me about entomology. Nephews, nieces, grandchildren or others are often very interested to browse through the magazine when they visit, and sometimes enquire how they can get their school interested in joining the AES Bug Club. They may even hint at a birthday subscription... So, if you want to ‘ramp up’ your entomology during 2007, one suggestion would be to upgrade your subscription to include the BCM, if you do not already receive it. This is extremely cheap and simple to do if you are already an Ordinary member (full membership of this kind is termed ‘parent membership’ in our membership categories). And who knows where sparking an interest in entomology in a youngster may lead? Many famous people, from Charles Darwin to TV journalist Michael Buerk, and from Sir Winston Churchill to the Nobel prize winning physicist Richard Feynman, started off with an interest in insects. As a member of the AES, by helping to encourage an interest in entomology in a young person, perhaps you will help to create your own important anniversary — many years from now, you might look back and reflect on how promoting entomology to a youngster on that one occasion, many years ago, led to... who can tell? —— 9 —— Eo CF yt 4 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES Br THROUGHOUT THE YEAR This new book from the AES describes the adults of different species of British butterflies, according to the time of year they appear on the wing. Nearly all the 60 British species are illustrated. Focussing on encouraging an interest in entomology among the young, and the young at heart, there is a helpful calendar of flight times and a useful checklist to help you keep track of your observations . Price:£3.80 (Members); £5.00 (Non-Members) (inc. p&p) AES Publications 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA Tel: 01277 224610 E-mail: aespublications @ btconnect.com -aurelianbooks.co.uk new website now launched The Best FOR NEW AND OLD BOOKS British Lepidoptera And we still do catalogues! SV y——_ Contact David Dunbar at Aurelian Books 31 Llanvanor Road, London, NW2 2AR, UK 020 8455 9612 0777 176 1050 ** AA 20 8455 9612 Books about butterflies, moths, dragonflies, beetles and other insects Entomologists’ Society British Butterflies throughout the year by Peter May This new book from the AES describes the adults of different species of British butterflies, according to the time of year they appear on the wing. Nearly all the 60 British species are illustrated. Focussing on encouraging an interest in entomology among the young, and the young at heart, there is a helpful calendar of flight times and a useful checklist to help you keep track of your observations. £5.00 Members price £ 3.80 Preparing and maintaining a collection of Butterflies and Moths by P. May and M. White. A practical manual detailing the various methods used to prepare specimens for a collection. from killing methods, setting the specimens and repairing damaged ones, to storage and preservation, including pest prevention and cure. 21 pages. 4 figures and 5 plates. (2006) £4.85 Members price £3.65 The Hymenopterist’s Handbook by Dr. C. Betts er. al. 2nd edition dealing with the history of their families, classification and structures; natural history; studying, collecting, breeding, attracting and preserving Hymenoptera. Appendices include keys to the families. 214 pages with numerous tables, keys and figures (1986) £11.45 Members price £ 8.60 Revised Flight Tables for the Hymenoptera Revised flight tables for the Hymenoptera giving, wherever possible, times, location, flower visits and some indication of distribution and abundance. 24 pages (1988) £ 3.10 Members price £2.35 A Coleopterist’s Handbook Edited by J.Cooter & M.V.L.Barclay The Coleopterist’s Handbook, is now available as a fully revised and expanded fourth edition. Nomenclature has been brought inline with current use, collecting/curatorial methods reflect best practice and planv/beetle and beetle/plant lists are included together. Recent additions to the British fauna, modern and traditional techniques are included. All advice and comment given in the book is based upon collective years of practical experience of both curatorial methods and field craft; beetle family chapters have each been written by an internationally recognised authority. 496 pages including 32 colour plates. £54.00 Members price £ 39.00 Host plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations A list of a wide range of plants, in alphabetical order, together with the beetle species that have been recorded as being associated with them. 24 pages (1992) £3.10 Members price £2.35 A Silkmoth Rearer’s Handbook by B.O.C. Gardiner SPECIAL OFFER PRICE £ 7.70 No further discounted price available A Dipterist’s Handbook by A.E. Stubbs, P.J. Chandler and others A practical handbook for both the beginner and the initiated on collecting, breeding and studying the two-winged flies. Describes equipment, trapping, preservation, habitat, plant and animal associations and behaviour. Includes a detailed chapter on larval stages with an illustrated key to families. An essential book for the keen Dipterist. 260 pages with drawings of larvae and equipment (1978, reprinted 1996) £14.20 Members price £ 10.60 Practical Hints for Collecting and Studying the Microlepidoptera by P.A. Sokoloff. A practical manual for those interested in the smaller moths, describing techniques for collecting adult moths, collecting immature stages, breeding, killing, setting and mounting. A list of useful books and journals as well as details of societies and suppliers is included. 40 pages, 11 figures (1980) £4.20 Members price £ 3.15 Rearing and Studying Stick and Leaf-Insects by P. D. Brock Specifically intended for beginners, although it is also suitable for experienced Phasmid enthusiasts, it is one of the few guides to rearing that features the majonty of the culture stocks available, 22 species in detail. The informative text is complimented by 8 colour plates, 14 black and white plates and 29 figures. (New edition, 2003) £11.20 Members price £8.20 The Study of Stoneflies, Mayflies and Caddisflies by TT Macan A comprehensive guide to collecting and studying the biology and ecology of these aquatic insects. 44 pages, 10 figures and bibliography (1982) £4.20 Members price £ 3.15 Breeding the British Butterflies by PW. Cribb A practical handbook covering all aspects of butterfly breeding. including general techniques, equipment and hints on how to breed cach of the British species. 60 pages. 6 figures, 5 plates, Revised (2001) £5.20 Members price £ 3.85 Practical Hints for the Field Lepidopterist by 1 W. Tux Written at the turn of the century, this book has been reprinted because of its Scarcity and value to students of Lepidoptera. It gives a complete month by month guide to which species and stages of macros and micros to look for and how to find them. Also contains a biological account of the carly stages and how to keep, rear, photograph and describe them. 422 pages. Hardback. (Reprinted 1994) £ 24,00 Members price £ 18.30 Being a member of the Royal Entomological Society and the Amateur Entomologists’ Society has the advantage of discount on all our publications. Discounts are only available if the subscriptions are fully up to date. Single copies only may be purchased on discount. Postage & Packing - Free to U.K. addresses, Overseas add 10%. An index to the modern names for use with J.W. Tutt’s Practical Hints for the Field Lepidopterist by B.O.C_ Gardiner A valuable cross-reference guide between the scientific and English names used in the early 1900s and the present time. £4.70 Members price 350 A Guide to Moth traps and their use by R. Fry and P- Waring The first sections deal with the measurement and properties of light leading into the types of lamp available and the electrical circuits needed to operate them. The next sections eive details of the construction of the most popular traps used in the UK_ The last half deals with the practical use of traps in the field including where and when to trap, limitations of traps and their relative performance. 68 pages, 21 figures. 15 plates (1996) £6385 Members price = 5.05 The Amazing World of Stick and Leaf Insects by Pau! D. Brock A superb, comprehensive guide. for all those intrigued by these groups of insects. Topics covered include structure, fascinating facts, life history and development. defence behaviour, enemies. collecting. breeding (including trouble shooting), preservins taxonomic studies. important collections in Museums etc. around the world and elaborate stories, beliefs and poems. Also outlines the major known species around the world on a regional basis. A section on Fossils is included. Includes a comprehensive glossary of the technical terms used in the description and classification of stick and leaf-insects. Hardback A5, 184 pages, 46 figures, 26 black and white plates and 40 pases of colour plates (containing 83 photographs and 4 drawings/paintings of imsects and their habitats). (1999) £18.90 Members price £ 14.10 Rearing Parasitic Hymenoptera by M. Shaw This booklet provides information on the parasitic Hymenoptera to enable successful studies to be made of this little understood group of the Bnush insect fauna. Details a= given on the general biology of parasitic wasps, rearing principles. efficient rearing practices and detailed methods of dealing with adult wasps. 52 pages. + colour plates (New edition — 2001) - £3.70 Members price £4.20 Larval Foodplants of the British Butterflies by Peter May A comprehensive compilation of the known larval foodplants of our native and immigrant butterflies. Also including “How to Encourage Butterflies to Live in Your Garden™ by the late Peter Cribb 62 pages. (2003) £7.40 Members price £5.45 Glossary for the Young Lepidopterist £1.05 6 pages, 2 figures. (1951) Members price £ 0.38 A Label List of European Butterflies £235 20 pages. (Revised 1981) Members price £ LS Some British Moths Reviewed Aid to the identification of some of the more difficult species. Reprinted from the Amateur Entomologist Vol. 5 (1941) and a Guide to the Critical Species of Lepidoptera. reprinted from Entomologists’ Gazette 1969-72. 64 pages, 6 black and white plates numerous figures (1985) £445 Members price £335 Butterflies of Cyprus 1998 (Records of a years sightings) by Eddie lobe Observations of the 44 species of butterfly found on the island in 1998 including nots on each species and distribution maps. 46 pages (2000) £16 Members price £ 3.35 Collecting Het.Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) £128 12 pages (including 2 plates). (1946) Members price £ 1.88 Collecting Clearwings £1.16 12 pages (including 2 plates), 4 figures. (1946) Members price £ 1.88 Collecting Lacewings £213 9 pages, 8 figures, 5 plates. (2nd edition 1976) Members price £195 An Amateur’s Guide to the Study of the Genitalia of Lepidoptera 16 pages, LS figures. (1973) £3.10 Members price £ Rearing the Hymenoptera Parasitica cis 16 pages. | plate, 10 figures. (1974) Members price £2.08 Rearing Crickets in the Classroom ci 12 pages, 2 plates. (1986) (Reprinted 1993) Members price £ L608 Guidelines for Entomological Site Surveys ene Published on behalf of the JCCBI. 7 pages (2000) (Reprinted 2003) Members price £ 28 The Journal of the Entomological Exchange and Correspondence Club 1935-1936 An AES Jubilee Publication. Fascinating reprint of the very first volume of the ABS journal. 100 pages cam Members proce £3.38 All the above publications sent post free to U.K. addresses. Outside U.K. please add 10% to order value for postage by surface mail For postage by air-mail outside Europe please add 30% to order value. Please allow 28 days delivery. Please make all cheques/postal orders payable to ‘AES Publications’ and send to: AES Publications, 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA. Telephone 01277 224610 « Fax: 01277 262815 « E-mail: aespublications @ btconnect.com oma RAL A500 DOPE | TRAMCNAC NG. SAG ED PR CRN YD AE a TR ENT - & E i ee a. oe ts a Volume 66 © Number 472 The ulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society CONTENTS Eqlitorial (15.20.22. s5cc.scccsctchseenecsevspunesde~tectessecebunga totovecsbeceges ts i ee ee re 89 The Second AES/RESJoint'Northern Exhibition = occ... eee 90 Fremlin, M. Intra-guild predation of harlequin ladybird larvae by lacewing larvae .......... 110 Lee, P., Barber, T. and Gregory, S. Collecting Centipedes, Millipedes and Woodlice: The THUG SEOMY 2. ccsee sae cote cteet ca nats ce dedsts ewan ates nanpescneesdeedcbowewwoktaceces See aoe aa 117 Koryszko, J. An interesting spider observation in the wWinter..............:::cessseesseeeeseeeeseeeeeees 123 Sutton, P.G. An abundance of aliens: the Rosemary Leaf Beetle Chrysolina americana L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Harlequin Ladybird Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Battersea Park, LONCOM................ccsssssseccceeceeeeeseeneeesees 124 Koryszko, J. A note on the Turnip Moth in Staffordshire. ..................cssscecsseeseeeseeeeeeeeeeeees 126 McCann, F. Some notes on Scottish Lepidoptera <2... ..<..:<.c.h.<..sceaecneectap see eeenerenepeuenenneaes 127 Lewis, K. C. Aberrations of the antennae of British Coleoptera ................:csceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 128 Lewis, D. It seems just lik@ yeSterd ay... <.c.cecssscsgewssassennetsvans encnenpasdieas SUG ean cence 129 2007. The Amateur Entomologists’ Society. (Registered Charity No. 267430 All rights reserved Printed by Cravitz Printing Co. Ltd., 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA. June 2007 ——$$—$—— BaD AY x7 hd ae ABa Hele He August 2007 = e. fe be > ie Fata ie 2 we fe | =, ng is on K + hee g 18 E =) Z © 0 oO Y e = © = Founded in 1935 The AES ¢ BO. Box 8774 * London * SW7 5ZG http://www.amentsoc.org Officers of the Society President: | Mike Majerus Secretary: Dafydd Lewis Treasurer: Peter May Registrar: Nick Holford Bulletin Editors: — Phil Wilkins & Martin Hough General Editor: Jacqueline Ruffle Habitat Conservation Officer: | Peter Sutton Advertising Secretary: Peter Hodge Exhibition Secretary: | Wayne Jarvis Youth Secretary: Kieren Pitts ICN Editor: David Lonsdale Wants & Exchange: _ Peter May SUBSCRIPTIONS: First subscriptions should be accompanied by an additional £2 entrance fee, except for Bug Club members under the age of 13 to which this charge does not apply. Renewal charges Ordinary £18.50 Ordinary Overseas £22.00 Bug Club (Junior) £11.00 Bug Club Junior) Overseas £22.00 Family £25.00 Family Overseas £30.00 ADVERTISING RATES: Rates for advertising in the body of the Bulletin are: Full page £60, Half page £40, Quarter page £25. Series discounts and insert charges are available from the Advertising Secretary on request. NOTICE It is to be distinctly understood that all views, opinions, or theories, expressed in the pages of this Journal are solely these of the author(s) concerned. All announcements of meetings, financ ial grants oftered or sought requests for help or information, are accepted as bona fide. Neither the Editor, the Officers and Council of the Society, nor its Trustees, can be held responsible for any loss, embarrassment or injury that might be sustained by reliance thereon. Worldwide Saou: aoe 19% $ Fer The: 2 i Pe: ae AS 3 Ba, RE 29 AUG 2007 aie arr TENA S O53 at raha tne een The Worldwide Butterflies website www. wwbie co. The is a oct valuable source for Livestock, Equipment, Books and Specimens. | he system enables us to show exactly what livestock Is currently available and to update it as the season changes. The Annual Livestock list shows what is expected during the whole year. From time to time there are special Sale Offers of equipment, books, livestock and specimens - an ever changing situation. With the 2007 season in view Equip yourself with the ~MOONLANDER MOTH TRAP with the new GOODDEN LIGHT Full details on www.wwb.co.uk The Moonlander folds totally flat and is contained in a convenient _ slim shoulder bag. Very lightweight. Moths enter from the bottom and cannot escape. Available with mains MV, battery or both. The battery light is the new Goodden Light which has outperformed all actinic and other previous battery lights. The nearest thing to battery MV! Very low power consumption so will run all night on batteries as small as 5-7 amps. Seeing is believing! | ATROPOS ANTIQUES’ PURVEYORS OF FINE COLLECTOR’S CABINETS \ \\ Many of you will have met us at the AES London Fair where we regularly show entomological cabinets for sale 6\\a\\01\9\ (0), 01\S\\0 We are specialist dealers in fine collector’s cabinets. We can offer a choice of at least 30 cabinets, varying in purpose, construction, quality and price. We can supply both restored and un-restored cabinets and will undertake to restore and paper cabinets for clients. We are always interested in the purchase or exchange of cabinets, with or without a collection. Callers to our showrooms are always welcome by appointment. We offer a specialist collection and delivery service throughout the UK and have full expertise in the safe transportation of cabinets and collections. George Morgan 97, West Street, Hartland, N. Devon EX39 6BQ T: 01237-441205/984 M: 07973 302190 E-mail: george @ atropos.wanadoo.co.uk * We are an independent dealership of 30 years standing and have no association with any sim:larly named business A oe (oe Se A NEW BOOK FROM grasa Experience the lighter side of field entomology with Torben Larsen as he describes his experiences from around the world. There must be a Hazard for every occasion? £11.99 (inc. UK p&p) ® £13.99 (overseas) ORDER YOUR COPY NOW FROM Cravitz Printing Company Limited 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA. Tel: (01277) 224610 © Fax: (01277) 262815 © E-mail: CravitzPrinting@btconnect.com -aurelianbooks.co.uk SV new website now launched The Best FOR NEW AND OLD BOOKS British Lepidoptera And we still do catalogues! —0/0/ 0 = Contact David Dunbar at Aurelian Books 31 Llanvanor Road, London, NW2 2AR, UK 020 8455 9612 0777 176 1050 ** AA 20 8455 9612 Books about butterflies, moths, dragonflies, beetles and other insects Do you want to cuddle a Cockroach, stroke a Stick Insect or hug a Harvestman? The AES Bug Club is for young people or the “young at heart” who find insects and other creepy crawlies interesting and even fascinating. As the junior section of the AES we are devoted to promoting invertebrates to the younger generation who, afterall, will be the entomologists of tomorrow! You can help us in a number of ways, for example: by joining the Bug Club yourself, getting someone else to join the Bug Club, promoting the Bug Club and AES to your local school/Scout or Guide Group etc, running a Bug Club event or writing an article for our exciting newsletter. If you can do anything to help then please write to us: AES Bug Club, PO Box 8774, London, SW7 5ZG. Membership details can be found in the front of this Bulletin. The Bull Volume 66 * ISSN D2 6G4016N Number Bulletin Cover etin - of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society 4173 \ugust 2007 teliturs: Dr FP Wilkins & Mi. Plough The picture on the cover of this issue shows | a specimen of the Violet Carpenter Bee Xylocopa violacea, an unmistakable species which has been observed with increasing regularity on the British Mainland in recent years. During the last century, literally a handful of singletons were recorded. Since 2003, a further 17 records have been received, with recent evidence of nesting and overwintering in England and on the Channel Island of Sark (Baldock, D., (2007 British Wildlite, 18, pp. 287-289). This species has been expanding its range | northwards in France and Germany, and is Now present in Normand\ and the Cherbourg peninsula. It would appear that it is on the verge of becoming established in | the UK. Photo: Peter Sutton The superb photograph of the Wart-biter Decticus verrucivorus on the cover of the lune Bulletin was taken by David Browne on chalk Downland in East Sussex. of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Volume 66 © Number 473 August 2007 Editorial Welcome to another Bulletin. Once you have picked yourself off the floor, after receiving a copy of the AES Bulletin during the month that is printed on the cover, you can read the reason why we have pulled out all the stops to get this issue to you ahead of time. The AES Exhibition at Kempton Park in the first week of October is a traditional fixture in any self-respecting entomologist’s calendar. However, this year, with their new all-weather track, Kempton Park have a race fixture on the first weekend in October! Hence we have had to change the date of the Exhibition — it was too late to find an alternative venue. We hope that this issue of the Bulletin gives you plenty of warning. SO put 22nd September 2007 in your diary — this is the new date. So far, this year seems a mixed year in terms of weather with hot sunny weeks overshadowed by weeks of rain. However, there have been chances to get out and study the insects. One of my highlights was studying an elm full (well about twelve of them) of White-letter Hairstreaks next to a busy road in Barnes. This was on the way to the London Wetland Centre for a family visit. I hope: you-like. this issue. We have some exciting articles, including an important one regarding the infamous Harlequin Ladybird. So happy reading. Phil Wilkins 132 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 The Ansorge Award This award is given annually for Junior Exhibits at the Exhibition in memory of Sir Eric Ansorge CSI, CIE. Sir Eric Ansorge was born in 1887. At the age of 23 he entered the Indian Civil Service. He retired from the Indian Civil Service in 1946. In recognition of his long and distinguished service in India he was made Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire and Companion of the Order of the Star of India. Subsequently he was knighted in recognition of his valuable work in India over a period of 35 years. On returning to England from service abroad, Sir Eric and Lady Ansorge lived at Chalfont St Peter in Buckinghamshire. Sir Eric wrote a book entitled Silk in India. In 1969 he wrote another book on the Macrolepidoptera of Buckinghamshire published by the Bucks Archaeological Society. Sir Eric was a member of the AES and a regular contributor to the Society’s publications, having several articles published in the Society's bulletins in the 1960s and early 1970s. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society. Whilst his main interest was in Lepidoptera, he was also keen on Coleoptera and philately. On Sir Eric’s death in 1977 the AES received a bequest from his estate. Subsequently this was increased by an additional gift from Lady Ansorge. These were invested and the income received used to fund a prize, the ‘Ansorge Award’, presented more or less annually for junior exhibit(s) at the AES annual exhibition. The Bradford Award The Bradford Award is given annually in memory of Mr E.S. Bradford (3068) who was a Lepidopterist. It is awarded for the best adult exhibit at the AES Annual Exhibition. All Adult members, i.e. those 18 years or over on Ist January of the judging year, are eligible but Council Members are excluded. Under the terms of affiliation, RES members are eligible. Participants must be present on the day. The prize was initially set at £100.00, funded from the Crow and Hammond fund. | oe Volume 66 * August 2007 133 Moths Count and the National Moth Recording Scheme — an update by Zoé Randle Butterfly Conservation, Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, BH20 5QP The Moths Count: National Moth Recording Scheme project is now officially up and running, having been launched by Sir David Attenborough on 2nd May. Moths Count is the name given to the whole project, which includes many training and awareness raising activities alongside the core aim of setting up a long-term National Moth Recording Scheme (NMRS) covering macro-moths in the UK, Isle of Man and Channel Islands. The project is a partnership of many national and local organisations, businesses and individuals, led by Butterfly Conservation. The project team consists of Richard Fox (Project Manager); Les Hill (Database Manager); Zoé Randle (Moth Recording Co-ordinator); Susan Anders (Outreach Officer) and Sarah-ann Boon (Project Assistant). The team is based at Butterfly Conservation’s Head Office at East Lulworth, Dorset. The purpose of Moths Count is to widen the appeal of moths and moth recording throughout the UK and to establish an ongoing recording scheme for the 900+ species of macro-moths. The resulting dataset is likely to be one of the largest biological datasets in the world. Recent research has highlighted the decline of many species of moths that were once common and widespread. The data collected from this project can ultimately be used to improve knowledge and understanding of moths and the changing distribution and status of each species and to inform effective biodiversity conservation and sympathetic land use policies. Zoé Randle will be working with County Moth Recorders, local moth _ groups, Butterfly Conservation Branches and other organisations to develop the NMRS and to strengthen the important support network for new and existing moth recorders. This will be achieved by recruiting volunteers where there are currently no or few moth recorders; _ providing training opportunities as appropriate; supporting County _ Moth Recorders and filling gaps in the vice-county network. The NMRS _ database will be up and running during the summer, at which point we _ hope that County Moth Recorders will be willing to provide copies of their local data to create the ‘national’ data set. Les Hill will provide technical assistance in the interchange of data between the National _ Scheme and County Moth Recorders. 134 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society = Specialist training workshops are being organised for existing moth recorders to enhance their skills. These will include identification of critical species; surveys of rare species; working with the media: planning and organising public events and using computers to manage moth records. Feedback and useful information for moth recorders is an integral part of the project. The NMRS will only be a success with the support of moth recorders. Annual newsletters, online provisional distribution maps and training and public event listings will be available on the project website (www.mothscount.org) in due course. Aside from developing and running the National Moth Recording Scheme, the Moths Count project plans to encourage a greater appreciation and enthusiasm for moths among a new, wider audience. This will be achieved in a number of ways, not least by working to get positive coverage of moths in the media. One new event will be an online, annual ‘citizen science’ Garden Moth Count, which will encourage members of the public to look for and report easily identified moths such as the Humming-bird Hawk-moth. The Garden Moth Count took place from Friday 22nd June to Sunday 24th June; this is in addition to National Moth Night, which is planned for Saturday 11th August this year. Many other public participation events have been planned this year, in partnership with the moth recording community and partner organisations. How can you take part in the National Moth Recording Scheme? Simply continue to (or start to) send all your moth records to your County Moth Recorder (details at www.mothscount.org). If you have other questions or would like to join the project mailing list, please contact Sarah-ann Boon 01929 406009 or saboon@butterfly-conservation.org Mark your diaries: AES Field Trip Summer 2007 Saturday 15th September, Oxford. Field trip to Oxford University parks followed by microscopic examination of specimens at the nearby Oxford University Museum of Natural History, followed in turn by a behind the scenes tour of the museum's insect collections. In association with the museum's entomology and education departments. Further details will follow in the next Bulletin. Please let us know if you plan to attend either of these events, via the PO Box or email dafydd @amentsoc.org (this will help us with the arrangements and enable to let us to let you know should there be any last minute changes). | { | } +] Volume 66 « August 2007 135 Conserving Scotland’s Invertebrates — a fresh approach by Craig Macadam (11277) 109 Johnson Avenue, Stenhousemutr, Falkirk FK5 4]Y. No-one can doubt the importance of invertebrates for the environment whether it is for their contributions to ecological services like pollination and waste disposal or for the simple pleasures of seeing butterflies and bumblebees in gardens and countryside alike. Yet many invertebrates in Scotland are threatened and need conserving. The Initiative for Scottish Invertebrates is at present a non-constituted alliance of individuals and organisations working on Scottish invertebrates. The group is currently consulting with as wide a range of interested parties as possible to gather opinions and data towards developing a conservation strategy for Scottish invertebrates. The Conserving Scottish Invertebrates project, funded by Scottish Natural Heritage and coordinated by Buglife — The Invertebrate Conservation Trust, will seek a broad consensus among entomologists and conservationists around the actions detailed in the strategy. In addition, it aims to raise awareness of Scotland’s important and distinctive invertebrate fauna amongst the public, conservation organisations and decision makers. This is a timely and unique opportunity to make a difference for invertebrates in Scotland. For the project to succeed we need to engage with as many individuals as possible with an interest in Scottish invertebrates. We hope you will respond positively to this opportunity and contribute to the development of the conservation strategy. In the meantime, if you would like to learn more about the project or join the Scottish Invertebrate discussion forum then please contact Craig Macadam at the address below. Craig Macadam, Conservation Officer (Scotland), Buglife — the Invertebrate Conservation Trust, Balallan House, 24 Allan Park, Stirling, FK8 2QG. Tel: 01786 447504. Email: craig. macadam@buglife.org.uk 136 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society oe Silver Y moths, milkweed flowers and wasps by Kara M. A. Majerus, lan R. Wright and Michael E. N. Majerus* Department of Genetics, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH * For correspondence We wish to record some extraordinary observations we have made this summer, concerning a day-flying moth, an exotic flowering plant and wasps. The moth in question is the Silver Y moth, Plusia gamma, and the flower is a milkweed, Araujia sericofera (Asclepiadaceae). The milkweed was originally planted at the Department of Genetics Field Station, Cambridge, as a potential food plant for the tropical butterfly Danaus chrysippus. This plant is a native of South America. During early August, Silver Y moths were abundant in the Cambridge area, and could be seen feeding on many nectar rich plants, such as buddleia and lavender, at the field station. The moths were also seen to visit the flowers of A. sericofera, but with unexpected results. Observations During August 2006, Silver Ys were noticed apparently feeding for long periods on individual flowers of A. sericofera. Examination revealed that far from feeding, the proboscis of the moths was stuck in the flowers, and the moths were struggling to free themselves. Over several weeks, the flowers were intermittently watched on all sunny days when moths were flying. Almost invariably at least one stuck moth could be found, and on some days over a dozen struggling moths were seen (Plate 1). However, the number of flowers with stuck moths did not increase day on day as might have been expected. This was for two reasons. First, some moths managed to detach themselves eventually, either because their struggles managed to pull their proboscis free, or because, as a result of their struggles, they broke their proboscis (Figure lL). Second, many of the stuck moths were attacked and butchered by wasps. Close observations were made on the way that wasps attacked the restricted moths. Once a wasp had found a suitable moth, it swooped in on its prey and attempted to gain a firm hold on the moth’s abdomen. Wasps often had to fly at the moth several times before managing to get a grip. This was due to the violent shaking and flapping movements by the moth as it both tried to free itself from the flower and avoid the wasp (Plate 2). On some occasions wasps resorted to stinging moths, presumably to reduce the moth’s struggles. ———E—— a ee Volume 66 * August 2007 137 | Figure 1. A silver Y caught after freeing itself from a flower, at the expense of a broken | proboscis. Figure 2. A wasp uses its mandibles to cut away the abdomen of a moth. 138 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society Figure 3. A dissected flower of Araujia sericofera showing the nectar drops at the base of : the corolla tube. \ dissected flower of Araujia sericofera, showing one_dead and three living Figure 4, ants, — ee ee ——— = 34 - Volume 66 +* August 2007 139 Once a wasp had gained a firm hold on a moth, it located the joints between the thorax and wings, biting through these joints to detach the maaes Ciate 5). the wasp continued its butchery, by severing the abdomen and part of the thorax from the head (Figure 2). The wasp then flew off with the body, leaving the remainder of the moth, which sometimes included the thorax and some of the wings (Plate 4), and sometimes was just the head (Plate 5). On a few occasions, moths were observed to free themselves from flowers during initial attacks by the wasp. On two occasions moths then managed to escape from both flower and wasp. However, in most instances, wasps continued to hold onto the freed moths as they fell to the ground, and completed their butchery there. Over the days of observation, it became apparent that wasps were visiting the A. sericofera with increasing regularity, and patrolling in search of stuck moths. This increase may have had a number of causes. First, it may be due to an increase in the population of wasps. Second, it may be that the requirement of wasps for protein, as opposed to sugar, increases at this time. Third, the wasps may have learnt that an easily caught prey was available at the A. sericofera. These possibilities are not mutually exclusive. Dissection of some of the flowers revealed droplets of viscous nectar at the base of the corolla tube (Figure 3). The nectar is sweet tasting, and is very sticky to the touch, being difficult to rub off without water. During examination of the flowers, several were found to contain ants (some alive and some dead) stuck in the corolla tubes (Plate 6 and Figure 4). Some ants were seen feeding on the nectar, while others were cleaning their mouthparts, or other parts of their bodies, trying to get rid of the sticky nectar. It is our conjecture that moths became trapped when their proboscis became stuck in the nectar, which acted like a glue. It is certain, from observation, that this is what caused ants to become stuck. Araujia sericofera is an invasive species in the United States, where it has become a weed in some southern states. However, due to its low tolerance of frost, it is unlikely to spread in Britain, at least with our current climate. This appears fortunate, at least for Silver Y moths, for they are obviously not adapted to the presence of this alien plant. It is our view that the ‘trap’ nature of the flowers of this plant is accidental, and that the flowers/plants do not gain by trapping the moths. The only beneficiaries of the scenario appear to be the wasps that gain an easy meal. We would be interested to know whether any other members of the Society have observed anything like this before. 140 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Lf Butterflies of Cyprus: an update to the AES booklet (John 2000) with additional comments on endemism and threatened species, plus changes to the island’s butterfly checklist by Eddie John (7937) Davies Cottage, Penilyn, Cowbridge. Vale of Glamorgan CF71 7RQ e-mail: eddie@grayling.dircon.co.uk Introduction Over the years, various authors (e.g. Parker 1983; Olivier 1993) have commented on the lack of species richness when writing about the butterfly fauna of Cyprus. Yet the presence of just 52 species is to an extent ameliorated by encounters with species, or subspecies, often unfamiliar to western European eyes. Furthermore, the proximity of Cyprus to the Middle Eastern countries of Turkey, Lebanon, Israel and Egypt keeps the lepidopterist in a moderate state of anticipation for the arrival of species new to Cyprus. In recent years, two such species, not listed in Butterflies of Cyprus 1998 (John 2000), have made an appearance and are discussed later in this article. A third species, the Eastern Pale Clouded Yellow (Colias erate) has now been withdrawn from the Cyprus list John et al 2006). Rather than provide an updated systematic list of the butterflies of Cyprus, may I refer the reader to my website at http://www.grayling.dircon.co.uk/ where a checklist is to be found. Cyprus — an island of significant biodiversity While the fauna and flora of Cyprus is constrained by limitations of the island’s size and location it is, nevertheless, an island of considerable biodiversity (Myers et al. 2000), this despite being geologically and biogeographically one of the most isolated Mediterranean islands (Moores ef al. 1984). However, the reference to Cyprus’s biodiversity should not be interpreted as synonymous with a large checklist of butterflies; indeed, as already mentioned its list is modest. Nearby mainland countries support many more species of butterfly, with Turkey having by far the largest at 342 species (Hesselbarth et al. 1995); Lebanon 139 (Larsen 1974) and Israel/Mt. Hermon/Sinai/Jordan having an aggregated 146 (Benyamini 2002). Even these impressive numbers pale into insignificance when compared with the butterfly populations of some African countries where, to quote Torben Larsen, “biodiversity is writ large”. For example, I was recently struck upon reading a draft _ 4 Volume 66 * August 2007 141 paper by Larsen (in prep.) in which he refers to Libert (1994) collecting nearly 800 species of butterfly on two small hills (Mt. Febé and Mt. Messa) near Yaoundé in Cameroun — totalling in area not hundreds of square kilometres but... less than 1 km/!! Evidently, there are degrees of biodiversity! But to return to reality... Endemic species and subspecies With the exception of introduced species, the fauna and flora of Cyprus have colonized the island opportunistically over time, since Cyprus was formed from the raising of the seabed and has never been connected to the mainland (Hadjikyriakou & Hadjisterkotis 2002). Because of its isolation, Cyprus is rich in endemic species, both of fauna and flora, and has three endemic butterflies: ¢ Paphos Blue (Glaucopsyche paphos) (Chapman, 1920) ¢ Cyprus Grayling (Hipparchia cypriensis) (Holik, 1949) * Cyprus Meadow Brown (Maniola cypricola) (Graves, 1928). If three endemics were not enough for a small island having just 52 species of butterfly recorded, two endemic subspecies of Satyridae are also recognized: ¢ Eastern Rock (or Syrian) Grayling (Hipparchia syriaca cypriaca) (Staudinger, 1871) e The Hermit (Chazara briseis larnacana) (Linnaeus, 1764). For illustrations of these endemics, please refer to Plates 7-11. The endemic species and subspecies represent nearly 10% of the island’s butterfly population, which compares with four endemics (also 10% of the butterfly species) from Crete (Olivier 1993) the next largest eastern Mediterranean island. The status of Glaucopsyche paphos and Maniola cypricola as endemic species is unchallenged. Olivier (1993) refers to Hipparchia cypriensis as the subspecies H. pellucida cypriensis, as do Dennis ef al. (2001), though this is perhaps not surprising as Alain Olivier is a co-author of the paper. John & Parker (2002), in their paper on the dispersal, ecology and life-history of this species accepted Otakar Kudrna’s (1986) raising of H. cypriensis to species level, as a result of his extensive work on this genus. H. cypriensis is also maintained at this rank in Kudrna (2002) and Makris (2003). As far as can be assessed from regular visits to Cyprus and from records submitted to the Cyprus Butterfly Recording Scheme (see later), 142 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society Lo the population status of these endemic species and subspecies provides no immediate cause for concern, despite their ‘rarity’, in the total European context) Indeed, *the three eademie speciesmare: very commonly encountered, as is C. briseis, though H. syriaca is somewhat less frequently .encountered “except for Ceftain tare4as.en Lac Pentadaktylos range where occasional reports place it as a very common. butterfly. Formerly, the White-banded Grayling (Pseudochazara anthelea) was considered to be the endemic subspecies P. anthelea acamanthis, but this was questioned by Olivier (1993) who described the distinguishing characters (of P. a. acamanthis) as “...only weakly defined and not entirely constant”, and added “possibly it is not valid.” Later, Olivier (1996) states: “It may be concluded that, although the Kipros [i.e. Cyprus] material shows some features at higher frequencies than any of the remaining populations considered, none of these differentiates it constantly. As a result, Satyrus (= Pseudochazara) anthelea acamanthis Rebel, 1916 is newly sunk in synonymy under Psewdochazara anthelea anthelea (Hubner, [1824]).” Further work, by Wakeham-Dawson ef al. (2003), compared subspecies of P. anthelea amalthea and P. anthelea acamanthis from the mainland countries of Greece and Turkey respectively, with the subspecies of Pseudochazara found in Cyprus. The results lend support to Olivier’s synonymy of P. anthelea acamanthis with P. anthelea anthelea, thus indicating that the same subspecies exists in both Turkey and Cyprus, namely P. anthelea anthelea. At some point in the future, because it is a rather rare species in Cyprus, Pseudochazara anthelea may require some form of protection. Threatened species In their Red Data Book on European butterflies, van Swaay & Warren (1999) list five species found in Cyprus as Species of European Conservation Concern (SPECs). Appendix 7 (of the Red Data Book) lists all threatened species (SPECs 1-3) per country and highlights two species for Cyprus: ¢ Thymelicus acteon (Rottemburg, 1775) ° Pseudophilotes vicrama (Moore, 1805). These, together with three non-threatened species (but still species of some concern) listed in SPEC 4b: ° Glaucopsyche paphos 36 Volume 66 « August 2007 143 ¢ Maniola cypricola ¢ Pseudochazara anthelea bring the total number of species categorised as SPECs for Cyprus to five. However, when the vulnerability of these five species is assessed within Cyprus alone (rather than within the total European context), only Pseudophilotes vicrama and, perhaps, Pseudochazara anthelea stand out as being in possible need of protection, in terms of habitat conservation or prohibition from collecting, due to their scarcity. G. paphos and M. cypricola have already been identified earlier as very common in Cyprus and this description also applies to the fifth species, T. acteon, which can be abundant in some areas of Cyprus (correcting my statement in John 2000). One further species, the Nettle-tree Butterfly (Libythea celtis) (Laicharting, 1782), which is not listed as a SPEC for Europe, now receives full protection in Cyprus along with two species of Coleoptera and one moth species — see below for details. When viewed only from the Cyprus perspective, other species, such as Black-veined White (Aporia crataegi) (Linnaeus, 1758); Small Bath White (Pontia chloridice) (Hubner, 1808); Levantine Leopard (Cigaritis acamas) (Klug, 1834); Two-tailed Pasha (Charaxes jasius) (Linnaeus, 1767) and African Ringlet (Ypthima asterope) (Klug, 1832) are also considered rare, so if collected it is imperative that large series are not taken. ltissapproptiate at this point to comment upon the Large Tortoiseshell (Nymphalis polychloros) (Linnaeus, 1758). The last reported records for this species date back to May 1931, when four larvae were collected from a pear tree (Pyrus communis) at Gerakies in the Troodos Mountains and reared through to imagines by Th. Shiakides. Two of these (along with a specimen taken near Prodromos in 1929) are to be found in the Department of Agriculture’s collection in Nicosia, while the remaining two (along with three, presumably wild caught, specimens) are in the Shiakides collection housed in Athens Agricultural University (Makris 2003). After an apparent absence of 76 years, it seems highly likely that N. polychloros is now extinct in Cyprus, though its presence in southern regions of Turkey (Hesselbarth ef al. 1995) and in Rhodes (Olivier 1993) does not rule out hope that this migrant might one day reappear in Cyprus. Invertebrate collecting in Cyprus In 2004, the year of Cyprus’s accession to the EU, the Greek Cypriot authorities introduced a restriction on the collecting of certain 144 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society L invertebrates. This requires that a Permit must now be obtained to allow collecting of invertebrates (other than those species listed under EUs Annex II of the Law on the Protection and Management of Nature and Wildlife [No. 153(1)/2003] which have full protection against collection). While very few of the invertebrates protected by this list have been found in Cyprus, the following are known to occur on the island and are thus prohibited by law from collection in any of their stages: * Coleoptera: Bolbelasmus unicornis (Schrank, 1789), and the newly described endemic scarab beetle Propomacrus cypriacus (Alexis & Makris, 2002) * Lepidoptera: Jersey Tiger (Callimorpha (Euplagia, Panaxia) quadripunctaria) (Poda, 1761). As mentioned above, Libythea celtis, which is extremely rare in Cyprus, has been added to the prohibited list and must not be collected — even if a permit has been obtained for the general collecting of invertebrates. Information on obtaining a permit may be found at http://www.grayling.dircon.co.uk/page20.html. The effect of urban development Regular visitors to Cyprus will be well aware of the extensive urbanization underway in many parts of the island, especially along coastal areas, with consequential loss of habitat. The extent of development, domestic and industrial, puts at risk colonies of quite rare sedentary butterflies, such as the Small Desert Blue (Chilades galba) (Lederer, 1855) (see Plate 12), for example. Though abundant in some localities, this species is known only from 14 x 10 km squares scattered over four, widely separated, lowland areas south of the demarcation line (it is more widely distributed north of the green line because of the greater presence of suitable biotopes). It is likely that this species will suffer more than most from urban development — particularly as there is a concentration of C. galba sites around the major conurbations of Limassol and (especially) Larnaka, where it may even be seen on roadside verges where the larval hostplant, Prosopis farcta, opportunistically grows. Of course, the probable loss of V. polychloros (the only butterfly species thought to have become extinct in Cyprus in the past century) is unrelated to urbanization. Makris (2003) states, “During the last few years a large body of data on the frequency, population status and distribution of butterflies in Cyprus has been collected. This information could provide the basis for 34 Volume 66 + August 2007 145 a preliminary assessment of the taxa which seem to be in need of protection.” Since then, much more data have been assembled and, indeed, contributed to at least two environment-related reports. With Cyprus’s accession to the European Union, it is anticipated that the Cypriot authorities will increase the number of personnel working towards protection of the environment. Most of the currently protected areas in the Greek Cypriot community are National Forest Parks (numbering 14), comprising c. 20% of the land area. However, tourism, the major source of income for the island, exerts a huge influence with its ever-increasing need for accommodation. Even the Akamas Peninsula, the majority of which has for decades been designated as National Forest, is not exempt from poor planning controls, which have resulted in development of tourist facilities within this protected area (USAID 2006). Unquestionably, there will be no easy path ahead for the conservation lobby. Changes to the Cyprus checklist Additions to the list The list presented in John (2000) has been extended with the discovery of two extremely rare migrants to Cyprus, published in Makris (2003): African Migrant (Catopsilia florella) (Fabricius, 1775) During the autumn of 1986 an immigration appeared in the southeast of the island where eleven butterflies (1 x 2 and 10 x 6) were taken by a local naturalist, Pavlos Neophytou, whose collection forms almost the entire display in the invertebrate section of the Natural History Museum, Larnaka. C. florella is resident in Egypt (Larsen 1990) and is a vigorous migrant, reaching Israel (Benyamini 2002; Larsen 1990) and Lebanon (Larsen 1990), but has yet to be recorded for a second time in Cyprus. Pomegranate Hairstreak (Deudorix livia) (Klug, 1834) A single specimen was found in September 1994 by Gabriel Georgiou and is illustrated in Makris (2003), as are examples of C. florella (above). D. livia has not been seen again in Cyprus, despite extensive searches. The species is probably resident in Egypt (Larsen 1990) and is a regular visitor to Israel and Lebanon (Larsen 1974). Species removed from the Cyprus list Eastern Pale Clouded Yellow (Colias erate) (Esper, [1805]) Earlier records (Hofmann & Rose 1987; Manil 1990; John 2000), indicating the presence of C. erate in Cyprus have recently been shown, 146 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 34 with a high degree of certainty, to be misidentifications for Colias croceus f. erateformis (Geoffroy, 1785) — a rare, yellow form of the common Clouded Yellow. Colidas erate has therefore been withdrawn as a species for Cyprus John et al. 20060). Doubtful or misidentified species A glance at the bookshelves of enthusiastic lepidopterists might reveal as many as 20 or more books on butterfly species associated with the UK and mainland Europe. It is only when studying the butterflies of a less well-researched country such as Cyprus that the early efforts of our lepidopterist predecessors into the UK butterfly fauna are placed in perspective and fully appreciated. (The intervening years have defined the UK butterfly species, leaving no room for doubt about the accuracy of a checklist for Britain and Ireland — though the recently confirmed presence of Leptidea reali in Ireland (Nelson ef al. 2001) underlines the point that one should not necessarily take everything for granted). Nevertheless, the earliest known paper on the butterflies of Cyprus dates back over 150 years (Lederer 1855) with later contributions from other well known lepidopterists such as Turner (1920), Wiltshire (1948a & 1948b), Bretherton (1954 & 1974), and de Worms (1967). Another early checklist contribution was provided by Bucknill (1911) a man not without imagination, as in the introduction to his paper he states, “The English mamies) are! ally. ...1. invented for this paper by the author...” this, because no vernacular names were known to Bucknill at the time, other than of the species familiar to him from his UK experiences. It is tempting to surmise that, as John Bucknill was Judge Advocate of Cyprus at the time, one would not in any case challenge his selection of names! Indeed, why would one wish to when he coined such beautifully descriptive names as The Courtezan (Eastern Festoon Zerynthia cerisyi (Godart, 1824)); The Eye-starred Grey (African Ringlet Y. asterope); The Attic Engraved (Two-tailed Pasha C. jasitus) and All- the-gifts Fritillary (Cardinal Argynnis pandora (Denis & Schiffermiuller, 1775)) among many others. Over the past 30 years, with an increasing number of publications providing checklists of the butterflies of Cyprus (Georghiou 1977; Parker 1983; Manil 1990; Georgiades 1992; Olivier 1993; John 2000), a definitive species list for the island has gradually evolved. Note, though, that most references relate to papers, which have a more restricted and certainly a more specialist readership than popular butterfly books. It was not until very recently that the first book, entirely devoted to the butterflies of Cyprus, was published (Makris 2003). Consequently there ne '¢ Volume 66 +» August 2007 147 are, nowadays, far fewer claims than hitherto for sightings of species not currently recognized on the Cyprus list. Rob Parker (1983) provided an extensive list of species that, for a variety of reasons, he felt to be erroneous records for Cyprus — and time has proved him right, at least, up to the present time. Of the 19 species listed by Parker from older, published records, none has subsequently been added to the Cyprus list. The following, much shorter, list deals with those species that have been reported to me (in the context of the Butterfly Recording Scheme for Cyprus) and are considered to be misidentifications. Against these is shown the correct identification of the species present in Cyprus”: Misidentified species Species confirmed as present in Cyprus Grayling Cyprus Grayling (Hipparchia semele) (Hipparchia cypriensis) Freyer’s Grayling Cyprus Grayling (Hipparchia fatua) (Hipparchia cypriensis) Meadow Brown Cyprus Meadow Brown (Maniola jurtina) (Maniola cypricola) Green-underside Blue Paphos Blue (Glaucopsyche alexis) (Glaucopsyche paphos) Black-eyed Blue Paphos Blue (Glaucopsyche melanops) (Glaucopsyche paphos) Mediterranean Skipper Pigmy Skipper (Gegenes nostrodamus) (Gegenes pumilio) “However, it is important to acknowledge that invertebrate species new to Cyprus are a distinct possibility, as evidenced by the additions to the butterfly list presented earlier, the section immediately following and the article on Brachythemis leucosticta by Cottle (2007). Predicted and possible additional species for Cyprus Dennis et al. (2001) predict (>50% probability) the appearance of Lesser Spotted Fritillary (Welitaea trivia) (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775), Green Hairstreak (Callophbrys rubi) (Linnaeus, 1758) and Orbed Red- underwing Skipper (Spialia orbifer) (Hubner, 1823) as possible species for Cyprus. The presence of all three species along Turkey’s south coast (Hesselbarth et al. 1995) supports these predictions, though none has yet been reported from Cyprus. Additionally (though not predicted by Dennis ef al. (2001)), it is perhaps even more surprising that neither the Scarce Swallowtail (CI[phiclides podalirius) (Linnaeus, 1758) nor the Southern Comma (Polygonia egea) (Cramer, 1775) have been reported in Cyprus, as their 148 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society 3 larval hostplants e.g. Prunus spp., Pyrus spp., Crataegus spp. U. podalirius) and Parietaria spp. CP. eged) are certainly present. However, to date, no records are known for these species though there are occasional, unsubstantiated, Cypriot website references to the presence of the Scarce Swallowtail. These are probably replicated from an inaccurate report, as enquiries for further information have met with no response. As with the predicted species referred to above, both J. podalirius and P. egea are known from the southern coast of Turkey (Hesselbarth et al. 1995) and also from Crete (Olivier 1993) so their presence in Cyprus would not be all that surprising. With this in mind, it is worth noting the words of Dennis ef al. (2001) “We emphasize the need for recorders to take voucher specimens of species considered to be new records for islands.” Cyprus Butterfly Recording Scheme (CBRS) Early distribution maps were first published by Parker (1983) and developed further by Manil (1990). The CBRS began with similar UTM 10 km? grid maps which were published in John (2000), revised in Makris (2003) and which later evolved into more comprehensive 5 km° resolution maps. They use the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid-based coordinate system - for a detailed explanation see http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/factsheets/fs07701.html. Much reliance is placed on records from visiting naturalists to Cyprus, so it is impracticable to consider a recording scheme based on regular transect walks, such as employed by the UKs Butterfly Monitoring Scheme for example, first launched by Pollard & Yates in 1976 (Greatorex-Davies & Roy 2000). Nevertheless, with well over 100 contributors to the Cyprus records (ranging from detailed published records such as Parker (1983), Tennent (1985) and personal contributions from other well known entomological names such as Otakar Kudrna, Alain Olivier and Phil Wilkins, one of the editors of this journal,) the volume and quality of sightings is not insignificant for a small island. Anyone requiring further information on the island’s butterflies is most welcome to contact me, and those also wishing to contribute records will be acknowledged on the CBRS website. For further information, please refer to my website “Butterflies of Cyprus” at http://www.grayling.dircon.co.uk, page+. html. Acknowledgements [ am grateful to Alison McArthur, Christodoulos Makris and Donald Wilks for providing the photographs accompanying this article and to tL] Volume 66 * August 2007 149 Torben Larsen, Rob Parker and my wife, Jane, for helpful suggestions and comments on a draft of the article. References Benyamini, D. 2002. A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Israel including butterflies of Mount Hermon, Sinai and Jordan). Keter Publishing House Ltd., Jerusalem. Bretherton, R. F. 1954. A week’s butterfly collecting in Cyprus. Entomologist 87: 207-211. Bretherton, R. F. 1974. Butterflies in Cyprus, June 1973. Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var. 86: 1-5. Bucknill, J. A. S. 1911. The Butterflies and Moths of Cyprus. English School Magazine, Nicosia. Cottle, N. 2007. Brachythemis leucosticta (Burmeister, 1839) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae): a new dragonfly species for Cyprus, and Trithemis arteriosa (Burmeister, 1839) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae): a rarely recorded dragonfly species in Cyprus. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society 66 (471): 59-62. Dennis, R. L. H., Olivier, A., Coutsis, J. G. & Shreeve, T. G. 2001. Butterflies on islands in the Aegean Archipelago: predicting numbers of species and incidence of species using geographical variables. Entomologist’s Gazette 52: 3-39. Georgiades, C. C. 1992. Nature of Cyprus. Nicosia. Georghiou, G. P. 1977. The Insects and Mites of Cyprus. Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens. Greatorex-Davies, J.N. & Roy, D.B. 2000. The Butterfly Monitoring Scheme, 25 year anniversary report. Report to recorders. CEH Monks Wood. Hadjikyriakou, G. & Hadjisterkotis, E. 2002. The adventive plants of Cyprus with new records of invasive species. Z. Jagdwiss. 48, Supplement, 59-71. Hesselbarth, G., van Oorschot, S. & Wagener, S. 1995. Die Tagfalter der Ttirkei, Vols. 1-3. Bocholt, Germany. Hofmann, P. & Rose, K. 1987. Zur Rhopaloceren-Fauna Zyperns. Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Bd. 7, Heft 4: 133-141. John, E. 2000. Butterflies of Cyprus 1998 (Records of a year’s sightings) 46pp. AES., Pamphlet No. 15. John, E. & Parker, R. 2002. Dispersal of Hipparchia cypriensis (Holik, 1949) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyridae) in Cyprus, with notes on its Ecology and Life-history. Entomologist’s Gazette 53, 3-18. John, E., Coutsis, J. G. & Makris, C. 2006. A review of records for Colias erate Esper, [1805]) (Lep.: Papilionoidea Pieridae) in Cyprus: were they all yellow forms of Colias croceus (Geoffroy, 1785)? Entomologist’s Gaz. 57: 3-12. Kudrna, O. 1986. Aspects of the conservation of European Butterflies. In Butterflies of Europe Series, Volume 8. Wiesbaden. — , 2002. The Distribution Atlas of European Butterflies. Oedippus 20. Larsen, T. B. 1974. Butterflies of Lebanon. Beirut. — , 1990. Butterflies of Egypt. Denmark. — , in prep. Forest butterflies in West Africa have resisted extinction ... so far. (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperiodea). Lederer, J. 1855. Beitrag zur Schmetterlings Fauna von Cypern, Beirut und einem Teil Kleinasiens. Verh. zool. —bot. Ver. Wien 5: 177-254. Libert, M. 1994. Biodiversité: le peuplement en Rhopalocéres de deux collines de la Région de Yaoundé, Cameroun (Lepidoptera). Revie de la Societé entomologique de France, 99: 335-355. 150 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 Makris, C. 2003. Butterflies of Cyprus. 329pp. Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation, Nicosia. Manil, L. 1990. Les Rhopaloceres de Chypre. Linneana Belgica XIK(8): 313-391. Moores, E. M., Robinson, P. T., Malpas, J. & Xenophontos, C. 1984. A Model for the Origin of the Troodos Masif, Cyprus, and other Mideast Ophiolites. Geology 12, 500-503. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A. B. & Kent, J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403, 853-858. Nelson, B., Hughes, M., Nash, R. & Warren, M. 2001. Leptidea reali Reissinger, 1989 (Lep.: Pieridae): A Butterfly new to Britain and Ireland. Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var. 113, 97-101. Olivier, A. 1993. The Butterflies of the Greek Island of Rhodos 250pp. Antwerpen Vlaamse Vereniging voor Entomologie. Olivier, A. 1996. Notes on the taxonomic status and supposed biogeographical affinity of the Pseudochazara anthelea (Hubner, [1924]) populations from Kipros (Cyprus) and from the Greek island of Kos (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Phegea 24: 5-12. Parker, R. 1983. The Butterflies of Cyprus. Entomologist’s Gazette 34: 17-53. Tennent, W. J. 1985. Some Records of Spring Euuiemtes in Cyprus in 1984. Entomologist’s Gazette 36:105-109. Turner, H. J. 1920. The Butterflies of Cyprus. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1920: 170-207. Wakeham-Dawson, A., Parker, R., John, E. & Dennis, R. L. H. 2003. Comparison of the male genitalia and androconia of Pseudochazara anthelea acamanthis (Rebel, 1916) from Cyprus, Pseudochazara anthelea anthelea (Hubner, [1924]) from mainland Turkey and Pseudochazara anthelea amalthea (Frivaldsky, 1845) from mainland Greece (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Nota lepid. 25 (4), 251-203. United States Agency for International Development (USAID) / Cyprus. 2006. FAA Biodiversity Analysis. Van Swaay, C.A.M. & Warren, M.S. 1999. Red Data Book of European Butterflies (Rhopalocera). Nature and Environment, No. 99, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. Wiltshire, E. P. 1948a.. Two New Forms or Species and 35 New Records from Cyprus. Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var. 00: 79-87. Wiltshire, E. P. 1948b. Some more. new records from Cyprus. Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var. 61: 73-78 de Worms, C. G. M. 1967. Three weeks in Cyprus, April — May 1967. Entomologist’s Rec. /. Var. 79: 245-249. Volume 66 e August 2007 Plate 1. A silver Y moth, with proboscis stuck in an Araujia sericofera flower Plate 3. A wasp detaches the wings of a stuck silver Y. SUNN haces in Plate 5. In some cases, only the head of the moth was left with the proboscis still inserted into the flower Plate 2. A wasp attacking: the moth struggles to avoid the wasp and to free itself from the flower Plate 4. The remains of a butchered moth, with abdomen removed Plate 6. Ants: head down and stuck in a corolla tube. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society (UYOf sippy, ‘ydrasojoyd) (PO ALA ) VDIOLULP]YV ) UMOTE, MOPoOIA snd’) ‘Or Heid (InYWVWOW uosipy :ydvisojoyd) (sisuoldds vigoivddiyyy) SuyArsryg sniday *g 2eId (VUPOIDUAY] ( PC Ly NA UOSTY SIOSIAG DPAD2Z (SLIMRJ SO} (vopIAdAD voviAds DIgoAvddiy ) GuiyAes YG)) Wuuoeyy OWL 6 Weld ydrisowud) ¢ August 2007 Volume 66 DIVpY Ue JO opIsiopuN oy] UO apIPpoddig sndyodi9I0D "FL ae] d (uyOf oIppg :ydeiso\oyd) (VIDS Ssopyyig) ) Suined ong Wasa [[PWS "ZT ed 7 ‘pIDIQUNTIG VIYPY I3ewldy} pur sIpMUAXxV DIUOWADE Jeu UddMjoq Sunvul priqdy oyloadssoquy “€L 91¥[d (SYA UOG ‘ydeiso\oyd) (sogdnd agodsdoonvyy ) anjg soyde d ‘TE 9¥[d ’ yes (OWOP SUEY WOTTLAY Murdosary DUIBMIO, OY s ’ yt tee OPPueay sian JOSUT) QINN SSAVEPD 8} POSpPUlg TE OUIS ISOU SITIO SOJAJOD API UloOWOG (Csoushig Uy dd aiunio soy ny ue 1OSUl) ANN SSOP GIT) IV ONS IsoU SOI Papi WYSE AOL “([lOojod,, IOOJ-s Paley Sursrloy VitaLiPd (CE) ASU) UNN SMOG WED We uqey vutjeLMd miiUsE Aya doy *S1 Hed Society i 2) ~ ce >) fe) Oo = Oo Y S LU = =>} o ~ © iS F Wilkens & AL Lo a of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Volume 66 *© Number 474 October 2007 Editorial The cover picture this month is of Amerila astreus Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). It was caught at MV light in the mountains north east of _ Chiang Mai, in northern Thailand, in September 2006. My friend John Moore (whose website, www.thaibugs.com, is one of my favourite places on the internet) had insisted that I visited Thailand in the rainy season — the best time of the year for moths — and join him on a few forays into the hills. Thus I was able to enjoy the experience of lying on my belly in the mud, trying to photograph a hawkmoth while ignoring the steady drizzle and a one-and-a-half-inch long wasp crawling down the back of my neck. Somewhere down the hill elephants were trumpeting. Mosquitos dined well upon me that night but honours were even as I inhaled and swallowed plenty of other insect species. They did not taste as good as the fried grasshoppers, silkmoth pupae and Dytiscus beetles one could buy in the town. For an only occasional visitor to the tropics, moth-hunting there brings back one’s childhood. Everything is unfamiliar and exciting, each expedition an adventure. Well, as you may gather, it’s the time of year for “what I did on my holidays” essays - why not write one and let us have it for the Bulletin? _ As always, send it to AES Bulletin , RO. Box 8774, London SW7 5ZG Martin Hough 172 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 The Discovery of a Clap-net by Malcolm Simpson (2755) Harvest Lodge, Foxenfields, Abbots Repton, Cambridgshire PE28 2PW. It was at the AES Annual exhibition of 1980 that I first met Michael Chalmers- Hunt, when he encouraged me to make a collection of entomological bygones and started my collection with a gift of an old Victorian glass chloroform bottle and several entomological dealers’ old catalogues. Michael had built up an impressive collection of entomological memorabilia, which is now held at the Natural History Museum in South Kensington. There was, however, one item that he had failed to locate: the clap-net. In discussions I had with Michael I recall his great disappointment at not having found a genuine clap-net despite searching the length and breadth of England. In May 1978 the Entomologist’s Record published an article by Dr. R. S. Wilkinson entitled The History of the Entomological Clap-Net in Great Britain, in which he stated “... not a single genuine clap-net has ever been discovered by the author or Mr. J. M. Chalmers-Hunt, and both of us have been searching for one for many years.” In Archives of Natural History (1994) 21(3) Michael Chalmers-Hunt recorded that “Having searched assiduously but unsuccessfully for many years for a genuine clap-net, | had come to the conclusion that no such article survived.” I too had searched unsuccessfully for over 26 years and, like Michael Chalmers- Hunt and many others interested in the history of entomological collecting equipment, shared the view that “no such article survived”. It is not always that one’s labours are rewarded, so it is particularly pleasing to record that my 26 years of searching has finally come to fruition. In late January 2007 while assisting Darren J. Mann (Collections Manager of the Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford University Museum of Natural History) to prepare some old entomological equipment for public display at the museum, we came upon a number of old butterfly net parts. These parts once made up four separate net frames but so many parts were missing it was possible to reconstruct one complete kite net frame only. Anxious not to discard the remaining parts | obtained permission from Darren to take the items home for more leisurely consideration. I was certain that some of the unusual parts were from old butterfly nets but they just did not conform to the scope of my experience up to that time. However, during my researches I checked through many references to the clap-net in old literature including those in George Samouelle’s Entomologist’s Useful Compendium of 1819. Samouelle not only gives a detailed description for making a clap-net but a¢ Volume 66 © October 2007 173 helpfully gives a clear illustration (See Figure 1). It was only when looking at this illustration that I realized the net parts I had long puzzled over made up one complete clap-net rod and one third of a second rod. Samouelle played no small part in this momentous discovery. His recommendation for constructing a clap-net is “The net rods should be made of ash, beech, hazel, or any tough wood; each rod should be about five feet in length, perfectly round, smooth and gradually tapering... the rod must-be divided into three or four pieces for the convenience of being carried in the pocket... when fitted together, care must be taken in fitting the joints to the brass tubes, that they are made exact or otherwise they will be subject to shake and continually coming to pieces.” While being similar in appearance to Samouelle’s clap-net, the Hope version has each rod made up of six parts (see Figure 2). The wood is hardwood, round and tapering and the brass joints exactly fit the wooden rods. The brass joints of the Hope clap-net are threaded and because they reduce in size along the length of the tapered rod, each thread is different and therefore not interchangeable. The rods fulfil Samouelle’s specification although he recommends that they should be “about five feet in length” whereas the Hope clap-net is only four-feet, five-inches long. The rods taper from 5/8” at the handle to 3/8” at the termination of the cross piece. The angle of the cross piece to the rod is 120 degrees which nearly corresponds to Samouelle’s diagram. The Hope clap-net is of a high standard of construction, being professionally made, and was probably suppled by one of the larger London entomological equipment dealers, many of which were trading at the time clap-nets were in use. Moses Harris, in The Aurelian of 1760, directed collectors to purchase them “at the Fishing-Tackle Shops, by asking for them; they call them Butterfly Traps.” Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 174 > “ LudgateR = ft © wed by Bays, fub (um. The Entomologist s UseFul Compend George Samouelle. 1819. a6 igure 2 | Volume 66 ¢ October 2007 175 So how long was the clap-net in use? We know that in 1742 Benjamin Wilkes published directions for collectors which contained probably the first ever description of the clap-net, “Provide a Net made of Muscheto Gause, and in shape like a Bat-fowling Net.” The most recent record I have of a clap-net in use is from personal correspondence with Raymond Cave of Ludlow who remembers a battered example of a clap-net being used by William Foddy of Rugby in 1938. The great entomologist Petiver returned from a visit to the Netherlands in 1711 urging collectors to use the net employed by continental collectors, namely the bag or ring net, but he made no mention of the clap-net and there is no record of what type of net, if any, was being used in Britain at that time. We do know that Moffet, in his Izsectorum sive minimorum animalium theatrum of 1634, recounts using a branch of the broom-plant, which he was using to capture insects, in order to defend himself from attacking wasps. So we have to assume that the clap-net came into use for collecting insects some time between 1634 (Moffet) and 1742 (Wilkes) and was still in use in 1938 (Cave), a period of well over 200 years. Considering the number of clap-nets that would have been used over such a long time it is most surprising that until now no surviving clap-net has been found. One explanation could be that, as no examples were available for examination, the form of the clap-net was not readily recognisable. Although the Hope clap-net is almost complete, it was fully two days before I realised that at long last the object in front of me was a genuine clap-net! Although there is no provenance for the Hope clap-net there is no doubt that this is a most important historical discovery in entomological terms, especially as it was discovered in such an eminent establishment as the Hope collections. Its discovery fills a significant gap in the range of surviving collecting equipment used in Britain over the past two hundred years and will no doubt be a celebrated exhibit in the Hope Collections, Oxford, for anyone with an interest in the history of butterfly collecting in Britain. The AES played no small part in this important discovery as it was through my membership of the Society that I met both Michael Chalmers- Hunt and Darren J. Mann. References Harris, Moses (1766). The Aurelian. Moffet, Thomas (1634). Insectorum Sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum. Samouelle, George (1819). The Entomologist’s Useful Compendium. 176 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 Letter from Spain - 4th of a series - Some Spanish winter butterflies by David Keen (3309L) Calle Casto Bancalero 11, 41650 El Saucejo, Sevilla, Spain. I am writing this article during the early days of January 2007 and feel that members in the UK will be interested to hear about the butterflies that have been seen during the months of November, December, January and February in this part of Spain. Several of the observations seem well worth recording as they do not correspond with the flight periods mentioned in the literature. Whilst most of the records relate to the butterflies seen in the countryside close to my house, I will begin by mentioning those species that were seen on two sightseeing trips to other areas. On 8th November 2006, with my wife and her brother, John Bruckin, I drove to the town of Carmona which is situated to the east of the city of Sevilla. The car was parked in the town centre and’ we spent the day walking through the town and taking in the historic buildings and the Roman remains. Having passed through the old eastern gateway we decided to follow the main road to the south of the town and return to the car via the grounds of the parador (state run hotel). Butterflies were flying in good numbers and these included several Swallowtails, Papilio machaon. Although both Higgins (1970) and Feltwell (1992) refer to the flight period as April/May & July/August and April to August in 2 broods respectively, Diaz (1998) refers to three broods in March/April, July/August and October/November. Two days later the three of us took the bus (more like an English luxury coach) to the city of Sevilla. After arriving at the Prado bus station we walked down towards the river (Rio Guadalquivir) in order to see the bull ring and cathedral. On the way we stopped by the university building to check the route with the guide book and immediately saw a large butterfly alight on the post of a road sign. It was quickly identified as a Two-tailed Pasha, Charaxes jasius, and John managed to take a photograph before it flew away. This was, no doubt, from the local city centre population of this species mentioned in Diaz (1998). Since the winter of 2005-6, I have tried to take a walk in the countryside to the south of our village on a weekly basis — weather conditions and other commitments allowing. From these regular walks I am able to record having seen the following species. The Clouded Yellow, Colias crocea, appears regularly, often in good numbers throughout the four winter months. This ties in with Diaz (1998) but not with either Higgins (1970), who refers to successive broods from April to 36 Volume 66 ¢ October 2007 177 the autumn, or Feltwell (1992), who only mentions several broods from April to September. During holidays in this area in previous years I have seen it regularly in the month of January. Both the Large and Small Whites, Pieris brassicae and Artogeia (Pieris) rapae, have been seen on each of my walks, often in large numbers. On Christmas holidays I have also regularly come across both species in this area, which agrees with the information in Diaz (1998). However, both the other authors make no reference to the flight periods including the months in question. That rare visitor to Britain, the Bath White, Pontia daplidice, was seen on all my walks in January and February but my earliest winter record is for 15 November. From that date until the end of December I saw good numbers on every walk. All three authors include February records but none of them refers to the other three months. Again, from my previous holidays I am able to confirm the appearance of this species in December. The last of the “whites” that I have come across during the winter is the Green-striped White, Euchloe belemia. For this species, all three authors include the month of February in the flight period but none of them mentions any month later than May. Yet I have seen this species in large numbers on my walks in January and February, as well as those from 15 November to the end of December. This has confirmed my previous holiday sightings for December and January. inevoniy-other Pierid Ihave seen in the winter here is a male Brimstone, Gonepteryx rhamni, which was resting on wild flowers between olive trees on 14 February 2006. Both Diaz (1998) and Higgins (1970) refer to sightings in the Spring after hibernation but Feltwell (1992) only mentions April to September. The commonest Nymphalid here is the Painted Lady, Cynthia cardut, _ which I have seen on all of my walks in November to February. Although some of the specimens were pretty tatty in December 2006, on the same day there were also good numbers of fresh examples. Higgins refers to this butterfly as being on the wing throughout the year in Africa, whereas _ Feltwell only refers to it occurring in April to October as a migrant. _ Strangely, Diaz records only three broods for March/April, May/June and } August/September. My holiday notes include seeing this species over Christmas in this area. Although never as common as the previous species, the Red Admiral, _ Vanessa atalanta, has been seen often in the month of November and _ also once on 1st January 2004. Diaz refers to a third generation flying in _ October and November and possibly another later in the winter. Only one of the “browns” has come to my notice during the winter and | that is the Wall, Lasiommata megera. A fresh female was seen on 178 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society tS] 8 February 2006 and two fresh males were sunning themselves on a south facing bank on 2 January 2007. Both Higgins and Feltwell have March as the earliest month whereas, rather strangely, Diaz refers to two broods flying in May/June and July/August. Single specimens of the Small Copper, Lycaena phlaeas, have been seen locally during winter months on 14 February, 15 November, 20 November and 27 November 2006 and again on 2 January 2007. Higgins gives the flight period as February/March and later in two or more broods but Feltwell refers to two broods from February to August. Diaz says that there are several broods flying from January to October. The only record from my holidays is of a specimen seen in warm sunshine on the afternoon of 26 December 2001. However, this particular butterfly had a very bright but pale copper upper side with little in the way of dark markings other than the small black spots. I have not seen another like this before or since, and I have to say that it closely resembles L. alciphron as illustrated by Diaz (but not as illustrated by either Higgins or Feltwell). However, all three authors say that the flight period is restricted to June and July and, furthermore, Diaz says it is only found in the eastern part of Andalucia where it is represented by the subspecies Granadensis. Ribbe named it, no doubt, after the city or province of Granada. The Long-tailed Blue, Lampides boeticus, is of course a rare visitor to the UK, but common here. They were to be seen flying in good numbers on my walks on 12 November 2005; and in 2006 on 11 November, 15 November, 20 November, 27 November, 27 December and 29 December — the last two dates being a week after three nights of hard frost. Higgins says that the butterfly can be seen throughout the summer months; Feltwell refers to three broods between May and September; while Diaz refers to this species as a spring and summer butterfly. Lang’s Short-tailed Blue, Leptoptes (= Syntarucus) pirithous, is superficially similar to the previous species but lacks its conspicuous white band on the underside of the hindwing. It was seen in good numbers on 20 November 2006 and I also saw a few on 2 January 2007. There was no trace of this butterfly on my other walks in the intervening period despite intensive searches. Higgins refers to the flight period as from March and throughout the summer, Feltwell gives March to July in two broods and Diaz says it flies from spring to autumn. The Geranium Bronze, Cacyreus marshalli, has been a recent introduction from South Africa, so is not included in the books of Higgins or Feltwell. Diaz confirms the introduction and its very rapid spread to all areas of Andalucia, where it flies in several generations except in the winter months. I saw one in my own garden on 1 November 2006 and it was also seen in some numbers flying with Lycaena boeticus outside the a a es 6 Volume 66 ¢ October 2007 179 town of Carmona on 8 November 2000. I have yet to see this species on my country walks but it is one that I intend keeping an eye open for. Polyommatus icarus, the Common Blue, is a species that I had not expected to see during the winter even though it is common enough here in the summer. Yet I have seen it in ones and twos on my walks from the end of November to the end of December 2006 and again on 2 January 2007. Most specimens were males but a few females were also seen in December. Higgins gives the flight period as from April or later in two or three broods, Feltwell refers to three broods from April to September, and Diaz has three broods from March to September. The last Lycaenid that has come to my attention in the winter months appears to be one of the species of Avicia. I have a couple of specimens taken on 20 and 27 November 2006 and when these have been identified I will add a rider to this article in a future note. The five species covered by Diaz fly in the middle of summer and most have a very restricted distribution which would not include the area around here. Watch this Space! I had not expected to see a Skipper here in the winter, but the Mallow Skipper, Carcharodus alceae, has been seen on 11, 15, 20 and 27 November 2006 and again on 2 January 2007. Not more than three were seen On any one trip. Higgins says that it flies from April/May and throughout the summer, Feltwell gives April to September in three generations and Diaz refers to April/May and all the summer months in two broods. I very much hope that these observations will be of interest, especially _ perhaps to any members who might happen to spend a Christmas _ holiday in the Spanish sun. | References Diaz, Manuel (1998) Mariposas Diumas y Nocturnas de Andalucia. Centro Andaluz del Libro, Sevilla. _ Feltwell John (1992) The Pocket Guide to Butterflies of Britain and Europe. Parkgate Books, London. _ Higgins L. G., and Riley N. D. (1970) A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe. Collins, London. Keen David (2006) Letter from Spain. The Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society, | 65 (469)251-52. 180 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 Could mis-identifications lead to incorrect records? or A Plea for Greater Accuracy by Peter May (10514) 6 Aigburth Avenue, Aldwick, Bognor Regis, West Sussex, PO21 3DA. As the years go by, the steady stream of books about our British Butterflies, well-illustrated with photographs, is continuing; as is the keeping of records. As a keen butterfly enthusiast I am pleased that it is so. In these days of our ever-changing countryside it is true that accurate records are extremely important, and so unusual records are subject to great scrutiny before being accepted. With this in mind, I have been somewhat concerned to have found some rather glaring errors in three recent publications. Firstly, I refer to page 57 of The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland, Asher, 2001) where a photograph of two Large Skippers (Ochlodes venata) appears instead of what should have been the Small Skipper hymelicus sylvestris), an error made all the more poignant on page 58 where one finds “The confusion between Small, Essex and Large Skippers by a few less experienced observers may introduce some recording bias”. It seems the ‘confusion’ is also encountered by experts. The Green-veined White (Pieris nap7) seems guilty of causing even greater problems. In 2002, WildGuides produced Britain's Butterflies on which an upside-down photograph of a Green-veined White pupa is above a caption reading “all the parts of this Marbled White butterfly can be readily seen...” What can be readily seen is that it is not a Marbled White at all! I can only assume that the photograph is upside down in the mistaken belief that being a member of the Satyridae, the Marbled White pupates hanging head down from the cremaster, although the presence of a girdle and the fact that the Marbled White pupates at the base of a grass tussock seem not to have been noticed. Latterly, | have found the Green-veined White masquerading as another species, this time as a Small White (Pieris rapae) on page 163 of Discover Butterflies in Britain by Newland, which is another WildGuides publication, from which money is being raised for Butterfly Conservation. References Asher, J. et al. (2001). The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland. Oxford. Tomlinson, D. and Stil, R. (2002) Britain's Butterflies... WildGuides: Newland, D. (2000) Discover Butterflies in Britain. WildGuides. | 4 ~ Volume 66 ¢ October 2007 181 Six months in my CB4 Cambridge garden, winter 2006 to spring 2007 by Brian O. C. Gardiner (225) 2 Highfield Avenue, Cambridge CB4 2AL. Throughout November 2006 Red Admirals, Vanessa atalanta, were so common in Cambridge’s CB4 postal area (and perhaps elsewhere in the City) that they got their photograph into the local paper, the Cambridge _ Evening News. All through November in my garden they could be seen most days nectaring either on the orange globe Buddleja (whose last blossom did not finally fade away until Christmas Day) or on the ivy blossom. The last example was seen on 2nd December. On 2nd March 2007 a Red Admiral again had its photograph in the Cambridge Evening News, having been photographed by a reader a day or two earlier. The photograph shows a fine fresh-looking specimen. I did not see one in my garden until 20th March and it, or others, are still around as I write on 30th April. Could it be that Red Admirals are late or perhaps reluctant hibernators, for while they were still active into December, in mid-November a Comma, Polygonia c-album, had perhaps with more sense taken up hibernation inside my garage window and finally roused itself on a fine warm 25th February when I let it out of the door. It, or another, was still around in April, as were the Red Admirals and also Peacocks, Inachis io; but only two Small Tortoiseshells, Aglais urticae, have been seen to the end of April. For the first time that I can remember the Green-veined White, Pieris _napi, appeared in my garden two weeks before the Orange-tip, Anthocoris cardamines. The first sighting of the latter was on 14th April _ whereas the Green-veined had been present since the 2nd. The Small _ White, Pieris rapae, did not appear until 12th April and both species as well as the Orange-tip have been seen regularly on most April days since, sometimes aS many as six Or more at One time. For many years I have _ always recorded the Orange-tip as the first Pierid to be seen, as it and all _ three Pieris species breed in my and my neighbours’ gardens. It may be a _ subjective judgement but I have the distinct impression that all three are smaller than usual, and one of the male Orange-tips looks hardly larger than the normal Holly Blues, Celastrina argiolus, that we also have _ breeding regularly in my garden. The first sighting was on 27th April. Iam no hymenopterist and am unable to make definitive identifications. | However, I do see many bumblebees (Bombus spp.) in my garden. On Christmas day a Bombus species was gathering pollen from the Mahonia blossom. Throughout the winter months at least six different bumblebee species have been observed regularly in the garden; well before I normally expect them in late April or May, for the garden has had many more warm sunny days than it has had snow (once!) or even a ground frost. 2 Some unpublished Coleoptera records from the collection of Henry George Colley, born 1898, died 1963 by Keith C. Lewis (3680) Top Flat, 108 Park View Road, Welling, Kent, DA16 IS/. 182 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society During the 2003-2004 AES exhibitions at Kempton Park I was fortunate in obtaining the collection of Coleoptera of Henry George Colley. I was later informed by his son, J. Colley, that although his father was an energetic coleopterist, he never joined an entomological society and therefore never published any notes or records during his lifetime, although his log books contain notes on weather conditions, migration and other observation details. Listed below are some of the more interesting beetles from his collection. Location Date Habitat a ‘Croxley Wood, Watford, Herts an 00.08.1914 —— Flying at sunset - Prionus coriarius ~ Clayhill, Lyndhurst. Hampshire Judolia cerambyciformis 05.08.1935 At light Furzeleigh Copse. Axminster Judolia cerambyciformis Judolia cerambyciformis Monochamus galloprot incialis*™4 Monochamus urussovii™ Agapanthia villosviridescens Agapanthia villosviridescens Phytoecia cylindrica* Aromia moschata Lebia chlorocephala Pterostichus aethiops Bembidion gilvipes Bembidion fumigatum Nebria livida Euryenebria complania Polyphylla fulla Cooks Lane, Axminster 20.06.1961 15.06. 1961. Pidgeon Lane, Axminster Watford, Hertfordshire | Croxley, Watford, Hertfordshire Bedford Hurst Heath, Moreton, Dorset Chorleywood, Hertfordshire Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire Croxley Green, Hertfordshire Hill above Keswick Goole, Yorkshire, by river Chesil Beach Near Lythe, Yorkshire Kenfig, Wales Charmouth, Dorset 19.06.1961 | 00.07.1913 00.08.1914 16.04. 1943 12. 07. 1961 00.06.1934 20.08. 1932 12.08.1958 22. 07. 1958 20.05.1934 28.09.1961 23.08. 1936 04.08. 1934 07.05.1955 On Heracleum On C. maculatum OnA sylvestris On window frame In timber Not recorded Sweeping thistles Swept from nettle Not recorded Not recorded Under stone Grassy marsh Foot of cliff Cliff face High tide mark Foot of cliff * Phytoecia cylindrica \arvae feed inside the stalks of a number of plants including nettle, Avthriscus and Heracleum. The only specimens that I have taken were beaten from an ancient Hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna Jacq, at The Woodlands Trust Farm, Shooters Hill, Greater London, 70450768. ** Monochamus urussovii Fab is a beetle occurring in southwest France, and further east into Europe. This early record and Colley’s note that it 36 Volume 66 ¢ October 2007 183 was found in timber suggests that it was an importation, something that rarely happens today due to timber being treated with a preservative in a number of our woodyards. ek Vonochamus galloprovincialis Olivier, occurs in three locations in France, nearest to the British Isles and along France’s southern coastline. Therefore it is just possible that this beetle that was found alive on Colley’s window frame could have originated from one of the three sites in France and died out in Hertfordshire during the next cold winter. References Bense, Ulrich (1995) Longhorn Beetles, Illustrated Key to the Cerambycidae and Vesperidae of Europe. . Chatenet, Gaétan du (2000). Coléopteres Phytophages d’ Europe. N.A.P Editions. Harde, W. K. (1984). A Field Guide in Colour to Beetles. Octopus Books. Chatenet, Gaétan du (1986) Guide des Coléoptéres d'Europe. Delachaux and Niesle S.A., Y. Perret editeurs, Neuchatel, Paris. Keble Martin, W. (1982) The New Concise British Flora. Ebury Press and Michael Joseph. The Rainbird Publishing Group Ltd. 1982. (New edition with updated text) Eric Gowing Scopes by Jacqueline Ruffle (5911) 3, Crescent Road, Bletchingley, Redhill, Surrey RH1 4RB. Members will be saddened to learn of the death of Mr Eric Gowing Scopes in March. Eric was a keen coleopterist, with a particular interest in the Curculionidae. A long-serving member of the AES, the RES, the Linnean Society and the Kent Wildlife Trust, Eric worked voluntarily in the library at the RES for many years, where his experience as a bookbinder was put to full use. He was always cheerful and happy to help in any way, whether in identifying insects or in organising the Society’s journal binding. I have two particularly vivid memories of him. First when, about 15 years ago, my mother produced a specimen of Lilioceris lilii that was decimating the lilies in the garden. As an invader to our shores, it was a novelty to Eric but he quickly identified it for me. As he returned the beetle to me I, on impulse, asked if he would like to keep it and his face lit up like that of a small boy being offered an ice-cream! On another occasion, I found a beetle crawling about in a bag of spinach which I had bought at the shops and when I showed it to Eric he, without a moment's hesitation said, “that's not a British species” and a subsequent trip to the Natural History Museum confirmed that it had indeed arrived from Spain. Eric is survived by a sister and a niece, who asked that any donations in Eric's memory be sent to the Kent Wildlife Trust. 184 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society e4 A note on Chamomile Plants by Jan Koryszko (6089) 3, Dudley Place, Meir, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST3 7AY. I was most interested in Frank McCann’s note (Bull. Amat. Ent. Soc v 65 no 468 page 197) in which Frank reported that local chamomile plants were being crowded out, so to speak, by other more common plants, and, that in some areas they have completely disappeared. He said maybe the wet winters and springs of recent years in Scotland are encouraging the vigorous growth of indigenous plants, which overgrow the chamomiles. Yes, I do agree with Frank that weather conditions play a part in this, but there are other factors. Plants growing together within the relatively small space of a garden or field may interact because one tall-growing species gives shade, thus helping or suppressing another species. Again, plants may interact simply in competing for water or nutrients. One species may benefit the other because it forms a deep and luxuriant root system, thus loosening the ground. Chamomile plants like open grassy places, often with disturbed ground, including arable field margins and some gardens, most frequently in calcareous areas. Might the loss of chamomile plants in Frank’s area be because there are not enough beneficial plants about? These beneficial plants also enrich the soil with organic substances and nutrients. These may directly influence the growth of other plants, or alter the population of micro-organisms that live in the soil. They may be effective in the crowded world of animals crawling and flying in and around the roots, leaves and blossoms. Clearly there are relationships both good and bad between the growing things of the earth. Two or more different species of plants growing in close proximity may be mutually compatible or otherwise, and this phenomenon is observable over a wide range of plant associations in the field and in the garden. Chamomile plants also have good and bad effects on other plants. Chamomile in the wheat field in a ratio of one chamomile to 100 wheat plants helps the latter to grow heavy with fuller ears, but if chamomile is in thicker patches it inhibits the growth of neighbouring plants and results in small, light seed. The closely related and more commonly found mayweed and others of the genus often become obnoxious weeds. Chamomile also helps neighbouring onions, but only if the ratio is one plant of chamomile to every four yards of onions. It is also good to grow with cabbage. Peppermint growing with chamomile will be hindered in 3d Volume 66 © October 2007 185 its oil production, while the chamomile itself benefits from this association. Peppermint planted or strewn between cabbages protects them from the Large White (Pieris brassicae) and Small White (Pieris rapdae). These plants all have different effects upon each other. Most of this information has come from the book Companion Plants and How to Use Them by Helen Philbrick and Richard B. Gregg- a most interesting book which demonstrates good and bad associations between hundreds of plant species. Maybe a better understanding of these associations would help conservationists in their work. No doubt the Chamomile Shark moth (Cucullia chamomillae, D. & S.) will be affected by these factors. References Philbrick, Helen and Gregg, Richard B (1976). Companion Plants and How to Use them. Watkins, London. Waring, Paul and Townsend, Martin (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland British Wildlife Publishing, Gillingham. Wasp beetle (Clytus arietis) Col: Cerambycidae by Wesley Caswell(3 133) 46, Lewgars Avenue, Kingsbury, London NW9 8AS. _ On the evening of 23rd May, my daughter Esther came running to say something like: “There’s a horrible bug in the kitchen — I don’t like it!” So thinking it was probably just a black beetle or another usual kind of thing, I went to look and remove it. I quickly found it, sitting on the kitchen towel — a lovely black and yellow beetle with bright yellow markings. After looking through various insect books I eventually found it — a Wasp Beetle, Clytus arietis. Not | being a beetle man — I’m into Lepidoptera — I have no idea if it is very | common, not so common or rare, but I have never seen one here in over forty years. | It was later released in the greenhouse, as there was a prolonged period of heavy rain. 186 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society sé A Visit to Whixall Moss National Nature Reserve and Prees Heath, Shropshire, 2006 by Jan Koryszko (6089) 3, Dudley Place, Meir, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST3 7AY. On 15th June 2006, in the company of Derek Heath and Charles Byatt, I visited Whixall Moss NNR in Shropshire. The weather was quite warm and sunny. We arrived at around llam., and were greeted by the English Nature site manager Dr. Joan Daniels, whom we had not seen since our last visit in July 2003. We had lots to talk about and slides to show her. After an hour of talking we went onto the moss. In the water-filled ditches we noticed quite a number of Dragonflies: Common Darter, Sympetrum striolatum, Southern Hawker, Aeshna cyanea, and the Common Hawker, Aeshna juncea and damselflies the Blue Tailed Damselfly, schnura elegans, the Large Red Damselfly, Pyrrhosoma nymphula, and a few Emerald Damselfly, Lestes sponsa. The pyralid moth, the Small China Mark, Cataclysta lemnata, was very common, and all seemed to be males. They were flying over the water-filled ditches, no doubt looking for a mate. As we moved on we came across quite a few Argent and Sable moths, Rheumaptera hastata hastata. This has been a rare moth in recent years, but it seems to have done better in 2006 in Shropshire and Staffordshire. The Midlands seems to be its stronghold these days. In the more dangerous parts of the moss we saw freshly emerged Large Heath butterflies, Coenonympha tullia ssp. davus- quite a number on the wing, and a mating pair on the cotton grass. In the more open areas of the moss we saw the micro moth Micropteryx calthella in small numbers on some sort of buttercup, and a Grass Wave, Perconia strigillaria, on the wing. In the heather by the peaty sphagnum pools, we had a brief glimpse of what we thought was a White-faced Darter Dragonfly, Lewucorrhinia dubia; a restless species, rarely settling for long. We have seen this rare dragonfly here in the past. At around 3.30pm we arrived at Prees Heath, with the weather still warm and sunny. We were pleased to see the Silver Studded Blue Butterfly, Plebejus argus, on the wing. We normally find them amongst the heather, but today they were found in the more grassy area amongst the thistles. They had not long been emerged. We saw a Broad Bodied Chaser Dragonfly, Libellula depressa, basking on the ground, a few Garden Chafer Beetle, Phyllopertha horticola, on plants, larvae of the 3 Volume 66 ¢ October 2007 187 Cinnabar Moth, 7yria jacobaeae, on ragwort, and the striking larvae of the Mullein Moth, Cucullia verbasci, on its foodplant. They seemed all to be at different stages of growth, from large and fat to thin and small. Perhaps their parents’ eggs were laid a little early or late? But all’s well in the end. A very common sight was a large heavily built fly, sitting on the plants. It resembled the St. Mark’s Fly, or March Fly, Bébio marci. It had a sluggish flight and was almost certainly a relative of the Fever Fly, Dilophus febrilis. Common butterflies recorded were Common Blue, Polyommatus icarus, Small Heath, Coenonympha pamphilus, Red Admiral, Vanessa atalanta, and Large Skipper (Ochlodes venata). We went home after a perfect and happy day. Acknowledgment I would like to thank Dr. Joan Daniels, English Nature’s Whixall Moss NNR Site Manager, for a most interesting talk and for putting our natural history slides on disk for us. The Harlequin Ladybird (Harmonia axyridis) in Britain. Col.: Coccinellidae by David Keen (3309) Calle Casto Bancalero 11, 41650 El Saucejo, Sevilla, Spain. As part of a holiday back in England I attended a family reunion at the house of my wife’s aunt in Ashtead, near Leatherhead in Surrey, on 2 _ June 2007. During the late afternoon I was walking in the garden with my five year old grandson, James Ryan Keen. He was very interested in the apple trees as the varieties differed considerably in size from tree to tree. Then suddenly he shouted “Look, Grandpa, there is an enormous ladybird on this apple tree”. Sure enough, “it” looked big enough from two metres away but as I approached I realised that it was a mating pair of a pretty large species of ladybird. As there was a number of conifers in the area I thought that they might _ be Eyed Ladybirds (Anatis ocellata) but closer examination revealed _ them to be Harlequins. We then had a good look over all the other six or _ seven apple trees and found two more individual Harlequins. Despite | looking at other trees and plants in the garden no other species of ladybird were to be seen. Reference | Ware, R. L., Majerus, M. E. N., Roy, H. E. and Symington, F. The Harlequin Ladybird Arrives | in Britain: a Threat to our Native Species? Bull. Amat. Ent. Soc. 64 (462): 175-186. 188 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society e¢ Oil beetles (Col: Meloidae) of the soft cliffs of Prawle Point, South Devon by PJ. Smith & D.R. Skingsley The Institute of Environment and Sustainability Research (IESR), Mellor Building, Faculty of Health & Sciences, Staffordshire University, College Road, Stoke on Trent. ST4 2DE. UK. Correspondence to: Dr. Philip J. Smith. C/O Institute of Environment and Sustainability Research (IESR), Mellor Building, Faculty of Health & Sciences, Staffordshire University, College Road, Stoke on Trent. ST4 2DE. UK. E-mail: Trenteco@aol.com Introduction Oil beetles (Veloe spp.) belong to the family Meloidae and are some of Britain’s largest and most conspicuous beetles. They superficially resemble large Staphylinidae, having shortened elytra that leave at least a third of the abdomen, which is greatly swollen in gravid females, exposed. The elytra are divaricate, overlapping at their base and parted towards their apex (Fowler, 1891; Green, 1998). During the Twentieth Century, members of the British Me/oe fauna have undergone a serious decline. Of nine species of oil beetles known to have been recorded in Britain since the beginning of the last century, only three have been reliably recorded since the 1950’s (Ramsay, 2002); M. proscarabaeus Linnaeus (Black Oil Beetle), VW. rugosus Marsham (Rugged Oil Beetle) and M. violaceus Marsham (Violet Oil Beetle). The causes of oil beetle decline are unclear, but changes to agricultural and land management practices, cliff stabilisation, and habitat loss and fragmentation, are amongst the prime suspects (Ramsay, 2002; Foster, 2003). Oil beetles are parasitoids of various species of ground-nesting aculeate Hymenoptera, in particular hairy bee species such as Andrena, Anthophora, Lasioglossum and Osmia (Cooter, 1991; Ramsay, 2002). They have one of the most complex life-cycles of all Coleoptera and have an unusual larval form called a triungulin (Ramsay, 2002). In late spring M. proscarabaeus and M. violaceus, lay eggs in batches of up to a thousand at a time in excavated shallow chambers in eroding, soft sandy substrates near to solitary bee nests (Figure 1). Within three to six weeks (early to mid-summer) the torpid triungulins emerge. Once they have warmed in the sun they become active and climb up the vegetation where they congregate in search of an unsuspecting bee host. The bee inadvertently picks up the triungulin load whilst foraging for pollen. The triungulins then attach themselves to the bee’s hairy body via tiny trifid hooks (Fowler, 1891), and are transported back to the nest. Once in the nest the triungulins detach themselves and gorge on bee eggs before undergoing metamorphosis into maggot-like larvae. These larvae feed on bee eggs and stored pollen in the nest, passing through three more | 4 Volume 66 ¢ October 2007 189 instars before pupation, still within in the burrow, and then emerging as adults the following spring (Fowler, 1991; Ramsay, 2002). Adults can live up to five months (Anon). Both M. proscarabaeus and M. violaceus feed primarily on lesser celandine and meadow buttercup (Fowler, 1891; Harper, 1957; Ramsay, 2002), although M. proscarabaeus has been reported sometimes also to feed on lords-and-ladies (Sowter, 1949), and M. violaceus on heath-spotted orchid (Vallius & Salonen, 2000), lesser spearwort and water crowfoot (Smith, 1992). ie Figure 1. Female M. proscarabaeus excavating a shallow chamber on top of an eroding cliff on the South Devon Coastal Path SSSI to the east of Prawle Point. © PJ. Smith. Meloe are aposematic, able to exude haemolymph (an oily fluid — hence their name) from their tibiofemoral joints as an anti-predator response, warning of their unpalatability, upon stimulation by a potential predator, e.g. when crushed or handled Jfolivet & Verma, 2002; Gullan & Cranston, 2005). This process, reflex bleeding, is also seen in other Coleoptera such as ladybirds and bloody-nosed beetles (Harde, 1998), the latter also exuding haemolymph from the prebuccal region of the head Jolivet & Verma, 2002). In the bloody-nosed beetle, this response can be elicited by cupping the beetle in the hand and then breathing heavily on it in close proximity (personal observation), a probable response to sensing respiration products. This method, however, is yet to be attempted with oil beetles and should be carried out using extreme caution due to the toxicity of cantharadin. Meloe haemolymph is rich in 190 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society L Figure 2. A male (right) and female (left) MW. proscarabaeus recovered from their food plant, lesser celandine. © PJ. Smith cantharadin (Spanish fly) which some Meloidae sequester from their host plant, whilst some species are also able to synthesise it even in the absence of their host plant. Cantharadin is a highly toxic sesquiterpene, a protein inhibitor (Gullan & Cranston, 2005). At best, cantharadin will cause blistering of the skin; however, it can be a deadly poison to man and some other animals if ingested in doses of as little as 0.03g. Some birds, bats and hedgehogs, however, are tolerant of cantharadin, and some even have a predilection for beetles containing it (Harde, 1998). Great care should therefore be exercised when handling these beetles. Oil beetles of the South Devon Coastal Path Whilst undertaking scoping for locations in which to concentrate some research on the bloody-nosed beetle (Zimarcha tenebricosa) in the East Prawle area of the South Hams, Devon, I and a colleague discovered two species of oil beetle near to Prawle Point. These discoveries were made along the South Devon Coastal Path between Sharpers Head (Grid ref. SX 785357) and Maceley Cove (Grid ref. SX 766357) near to Gammon Head, and within a green lane 0.5km inland (Grid ref. SX 771360). Neither species appears to have been previously recorded in this locality. Both male and female MW. proscarabaeus and a single male .V. violaceus were discovered along the coastal path (Figure 2), with an additional single 36 Volume 66 ¢ October 2007 191 M. violaceus cadaver also recovered from wheel ruts in the green lane. In total, sixteen VM. proscarabaeus individuals were recorded over a two-day period during the month of April, in the proportion of three males to one female. Males and females are sexually dimorphic and can easily be told apart, the males being somewhat smaller in both species, and having distinctly kinked antennae (Figure 3) (Ramsay, 2002). Discoveries were made on April 23rd and 24th, and identified in the field. There were population hotspots at Sharpers Head, where females were observed excavating their shallow brood chambers, and at Langerstone Point (SX 782354), behind a low dry stone wall on top of the soft cliff, which was awash with lesser celandine, one of their principal food plants. In addition to the two hot-spots, eight single specimens were discovered along a 0.75km stretch of this coastline between Langerstone Pont and Sharpers Head. Figure 3. Male M. proscarabaeus showing distinctly kinked antennae. © PJ. Smith. This whole stretch of coastal path is designated as a SSSI (Stubbs, 1993). An additional individual (female) was recorded on the narrow coastal path above Maceley Cove (Figure 4) on May 27th. Females were observed excavating their shallow brood chambers in the early evening of 24th April. This was a long and arduous process that we observed for over an hour, the beetle already having excavated most of the chamber before we came upon it. This location was on top of the soft 192 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Figure 4. Typical soft cliff oil beetle habitat along the South Devon Coastal Path: location west of Prawle Point above Maceley Cove beneath Gammon Head. © PJ. Smith. cliff just in the grassy edge of the coastal path approximately 0.3m from the cliff edge. The area was dominated by grasses and clovers, and there was lesser celandine in close proximity, and the cliff face beneath the path was littered with the nest holes of aculeate Hymenoptera. Three further excavations were also discovered in the immediate vicinity. The M. violaceus cadaver recovered from the green lane could have been there as result of attempted predation, having being inadvertently dropped there by a bird in flight. This species is distinctly northern and western in its UK distribution but can be reasonably common in the South West in small colonies (Ramsay, pers. comm.). It occurs predominantly in heathland and moorland locations (sandy patches), although it can also been found in areas of coastal grassland (Ramsay, 2002). In conversation with walkers along this stretch of coastal path, it was also ascertained that more of these beetles had been observed the week previously on the coastal path at Wembury near to Plymouth 30km away to the west, a location corresponding with a previous 2003 record for VM. proscarabaeus. The extensive stretch of soft cliffs between Start Point and Prawle Point are notable for their invertebrate interest. The bare cliff faces here support thousands of aculeate Hymenoptera, for which they are 3d Volume 66 © October 2007 193 particularly noted, some of which are exceedingly rare (Howe, 2003). These are low lying, steep, dry primary cliffs comprising of head deposits backed by agricultural (and National Trust) land and by secondary hard rock cliffs. The agricultural land here is managed under Countryside Stewardship guidelines for conservation purposes as this is the UK’s premier location for Cirl Bunting. With the exception of M. violaceus, which is scarce, all the other members of this genus previously recorded in Britain are either rare, endangered, or extinct (Green, 1998). M. proscarabaeus and M. violaceus are Our two most common oil beetle species, and are most frequently encountered during spring (Cooter, 1991). Meloe have a widespread, but distinctly localised distribution throughout the British Isles. M. proscarabaeus occurs predominantly in the southeast and southwest UK and south Wales, particularly in coastal areas (Ramsay, pers. comm.), while M. violaceus, the most common UK meloid, has a more northern and western distribution. Nevertheless, neither of these species as yet enjoys protected status, nor do they appear as priority species in any local BAP, although they are mentioned as species of conservation concern associated with sea cliffs and slopes in the Devon BAP. Records of Meloe are sketchy in Devon, where M. proscarabaeus has been previously recorded from three locations within the county boundaries. The closest of these to the present location, recorded between 2000 and 2002, is 25km to the north-west close to Ivybridge. Further records, one from 1968 from just to the north of Plymouth, 38km to the north-west, and one from 2003 at Wembury also exist. Two previous Devon records for M. violaceus also exist, one from near Manaton in 2003, 45km to the north, and one from north of Buckfastleigh, 32km to the north, in 2004. No recent records of M. rugosus exist from the Devon area, although there are records of its previous existence in South Devon (Hyman & Parsons, 1992), and there is a single record from the adjacent county of Dorset in 2003 (Walters, 2003). No doubt other records also exist but there appears a complete lack of systematic logging of finds by recorders within the county. Records are likewise sketchy throughout the rest of the UK. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Institute for Environment and Sustainability Research (IESR): Staffordshire University for funding the research that led to these discoveries, Dr. Alex Ramsay of the University of Reading for providing some of the distribution information on Meloe, and Devon Biodiversity Records Centre for providing the Devon records for these beetles. 194 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists'’ Society t References Anon. Projects — oil beetle: oil beetle life-cycle. Buglife: the Invertebrate Conservation Trust website. http://www.buglife.org.uk/html/oil_beetle_life_cycle.htm Cooter, J. (1991). A coleopterist’s handbook (3rd edition). Tne Amateur Entomologists’ Society. Foster, D. (2003). Undercliff matters: news from Castlehaven and Niton Undercliff. English Nature. Fowler, W.W. (1891). The Coleoptera of the British islands 5: Heteromera — Rhynchophora - abnormal Coleoptera. London, Reeve. Green, D.M. (1998). A rare oil beetle: Meloe rugosus Marsh (Meloidae). Worcestershire Record, 5. Gullan, PJ. & Cranston, PS. (2005). The insects: an outline of entomology (Third Edition). Blackwell Publishing. Harde, K.W. (1998). A field guide in colour to beetles. Blitz Editions. Harper, J.L. (1957). Biological flora of the British Isles, No.33: Ranunculus acris L. Journal of Ecology, 45 (1): 289-342. Howe, M. (2003). Coastal soft cliffs and their importance for invertebrates. British Wildlife, 14 (5). Hyman, PS. (1992). A review of the scarce and threatened Coleoptera of Great Britain, part 1. JNCC, UK Nature Conservation. Jolivet, P & Verma, K.K. (2002). Biology of leaf beetles. Intercept, Andover. Ramsay, A. (2002). British oil beetles. British Wildlife, 14 (1): 27-30. Ramsay, A. (Personal Communication) Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, The University of Reading: 10-01-2005. Smith, EJ. (1992). Meloe violaceus Marsham (Meloidae). Co/eopterist, 1 (2): 18. Sowter, F.A. (1949). Biological flora of the British Isles, No.1924: Arwim maculata L. Journal of Ecology, 37 (1): 207-219. Stubbs, A. (1993). 1993 Terrestrial invertebrate survey of Prawle Point — Start Point SSSI, South Devon. English Nature Research Report Number 1206. Vallius, E. & Salonen, V. (2000). Effects of defoliation on male and female reproductive traits of a perennial orchid, Dactylorhiza maculata. Functional Ecology, 14 (6): 608-074. Walters, J. (2003) Rugged oil beetle Meloe rugosus (Marsham 1802) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) new to Dorset. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society, 62, 48-49. Donation The Society is grateful to the University of East London for their kind donation of a substantial number of surplus books and equipment, received earlier this year. As well as helping to raise funds, it has also enabled many of our members to obtain some otherwise difficult to find items. We are always grateful to receive such donations either to sell via our web-site or at the exhibitions in order to raise funds, or for our archives. 36 Volume 66 © October 2007 195 Obtaining ova of the Winter Moth Operophtera brumata (L.) Lep: Geometridae by Dafydd Lewis (1013) PO.Box 8774, London SW7 5ZG. When breeding Lepidoptera from the egg stage it is sometimes useful to examine the proportions of males and females in the resultant offspring. For example, some species may demonstrate female sex bias, possibly due to male killing bacteria, and this phenomenon can be studied (Lewis and Smart, 2005). Such study is made easier by using a species in which the sexes are easily distinguished. The Winter Moth is particularly suitable, as it is easily reared from the egg stage and the sexes are clearly different as the female demonstrates wing reduction and is flightless. Winter Moth ova can be hard to find in the wild, and ideally they should be obtained from a captured female. However, flightless females rarely find their way to light traps, and spotting them on tree trunks by torchlight at dusk is not always an easy task. Moreover, it is necessary to know whether the female has mated; otherwise she may not lay fertile eggs, and other factors (such as overt parthenogenesis, or asexual reproduction) cannot then be ruled out as a source of unusual sex ratios in the offspring. Finding fertile Winter Moth females I have often noticed that there are certain short stretches of road that always seem to be well populated with flying moths: one is almost always guaranteed to see a few or many moths in car headlights in these areas, whereas other stretches of road are relatively devoid of moths. From late autumn to January the moths seen will mostly be male specimens of the Winter Moth and Mottled Umber, Erannis defolaria Cl. In December 2006 I visited woodland close to one of these seemingly well populated ‘mothy’ areas and examined the trees by torch light. I came across some large trees fairly close to each other on which numerous male Winter Moths were perched, mostly low down on the trunks. A number were also to be seen on the grass around the trees, together with a few male Mottled Umbers. I selected One tree which was particularly well endowed with moths for closer examination. Higher up the tree trunk, around six-feet and more from the ground, a minority of males were perched upside down, and closer examination revealed that these were in coitus with females. Whilst most of the males sat perfectly still on the tree trunk, I noticed that 196 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society t ] one or two lower down the trunk were fluttering about excitedly. Closer examination of these revealed that they were in pursuit of a female, which was walking up the trunk despite already being in coitus with a | male, and presumably it was still emitting pheromone. | At around 8.30 pm on 23rd December I captured four mating pairs of Winter Moth. These all separated on being potted, so I left them together for 24 hours in case they had not finished mating and might resume. The following day I visited the tree earlier, around 5.30pm (more than 30 minutes after dark) and captured a further three pairs, together with one apparently unmated female. This time, the mated insects all remained in coitus on potting and did not separate for another two to three hours. A male was added and left together with the non-mated female in the hope that they would mate. A further visit at 10:30 pm on Christmas Day revealed many fewer moth numbers on the tree, and I captured only one mated pair, which separated on potting. The females captured at 8:30 pm on 23rd December only survived for a few days, possibly due to my initially having kept all the females together in one container; as one female died within 48 hours of capture their reduced lifespan may have been due to an infection. The other females, all of which were kept separately from the start, lived for over two weeks, a little water having been placed in each container in case they were able to feed or at least to provide some humidity, together with a small piece of twig to encourage egg laying, and a single layer of kitchen towel. All the males were released after they had finished mating, or in any case after 48 hours. Examination of the containers revealed that ova had been laid, in crevices in the twig provided or between the constituent layers of the kitchen towel, by all the females except the unmated individual captured on 24th December. By mid-January the eggs had changed colour from pale blue to orange, indicating that they were fertile. Conclusions Although the Winter Moth is a common and widespread species it seems to occur in localised clusters within a particular locality, presumably because the females, being flightless, do not travel far after mating, and thus populations tend to be focused around particular trees. Thus, obtaining fertile females for egg laying purposes is not difficult provided one can locate trees where they breed. A suitable strategy would seem to be: 1. Find a locality where Winter Moths are noticeably abundant, for example by noting stretches of road where moths are common as seen in car headlights after dark. Sf Volume 66 © October 2007 197 2. Examine woodland in that locality around one hour after dusk for signs of male activity, and search for a tree or trees where many males are at rest. 3. Using a torch, look for males that are perched upside down higher up the tree, and any that are fluttering lower down the trunk. Capture any mated pairs carefully and leave overnight (they seem to need to mate for two to three hours). Reference Lewis, D. and Smart, B. (2005). Female sex bias in captive bred Winter Moth Operophtera brumata (L.) Lep: Geometridae. Entomologist's Rec J] Var 117 (2), 48-49. Swarm of the Garden Chafer (Phyllopertha horticola) Coleoptera: Scarabeidae by Keith C. Lewis (3680) Top Flat, 108 Park View Road, Welling, Kent DA16 1H]. I read with interest the note by Jan Koryszko in the AES Bulletin of August 2007 concerning the occurrence of a large number of Phyllopertha horticola beetles in his garden in Staffordshire. On looking up my nature records for 11th August 2002, I too observed a similar flight of this beetle. While sitting in Danson Park, Welling, Kent TQ4757, I observed a cloud of several hundred beetles that took flight together from a smallish tree that was devoid of leaves. The beetles did not fly very far and most of them alighted under a large oak tree called the Charter Oak, where they were devoured by a large number of carrion crows. I also observed on 14th July 2004 at the same location a number of carrion crows strutting in their usual ungainly way, making vast rushes, sometimes swerving at the last minute, to take a beetle as it emerged from the ground. During the past five years it has not been unusual to see fifty or more carrion crows working across the park in search of food. I also met a woman who had been attacked by a crow and needed hospital tratment to her eye. She had been looking at a fledgling that had fallen out of its nest in the small wood by St. John’s Church, Welling, Kent. References Koryszko, J. (207). An abundance of Garden Chafer in North Staffordshire Bull. Amat. Ent. Soc. 66 (473): 168. Chatenet, Gaétan du. Guide des Coléoptéres d’Europe, Paris: Delachaux and Niestle, 1986 pp 315 and 426. 198 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society ood Book Reviews Moths of Europe, Volume 1: Saturnids, Lasiocampids, Hawkmoths, Tiger Moths by Patrice Leraut, line drawings by Gilbert Hodebert, foreword by Gaétan du Chatenet, translation by Nicholas Flay, common (English) names by Robin Howard, published by N.A.P. Editions, 2006, 400 pp., 78 colour plates, numerous drawings of wing patterns and genitalia, European distribution map for most species, format: 13 x 20.5 cm, published in English. Hard cover, 59.00 Euros (plus postage & packing). ISBN 2- 913688-07-1. Available direct from N.A.P. Editions, 3 Chemin des hauts graviers, 91370 Verrieres-le-Buisson, France. Order form may be downloaded from www.napeditions.com, Tel: (+33) 1.60.13.59.52, Fax: (+33) 1.60.13.01.33, E-mail: napedit@wanadoo.fr. This is the English language version of the first of three volumes dealing with the macro-lepidoptera of Europe. It contains accounts of more than 500 species, illustrated by over 1,000 colour photographs. The families covered are: Saturniidae, Lemoniidae, Brahmaeidae, Bombycidae, Endromidae, Notodontidae, Lasiocampidae, Drepanidae, Lymantriidae, Axiidae, Limacodidae, Somabrachyidae, Heterogynidae, Thyrididae, Castiniidae, Cossidae, Sphingidae, Hepialidae and Arctiidae. In this volume the author, Patrice Leraut of the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, describes three new species, five new subspecies and five new forms. The new species are: Algerian Character (Cilix algirica) (Drepanidae) from north-west Africa and central Portugal, Leraut’s Sable (Heterogynis valdeblorensis) (Heterogynidae) from the Alpes-Maritimes, south-east France and Praviel’s Sable (H. praviel7) from the Alpes-Maritimes, south-east France and probably the Middle-Atlas mountains, Morocco. The book begins with a useful Foreword, followed by a summary of new descriptions, a note relating to the use of common names and a page of Acknowledgements. The Introduction consists of 16 pages of text and drawings covering many aspects of the study of moths, including sections entitled: ‘What is a butterfly or moth?’, ‘Where can they be observed?’, ‘How can they be collected?’, ‘How are they identified?’ and ‘Moth conservation’. The rest of the volume consists of concise but extremely informative species accounts, arranged in taxonomic order. Each family begins with a short introduction, often with a drawing illustrating typical wing venation. The format for each species follows a similar pattern: Latin name, Common (English) name, Common (French) name, Male, Female (brief descriptions), Variations, Closely related species, Biology, Flight- time, Distribution, Status, Comments. 6 Volume 66 © October 2007 199 There is a 2.5 x 2.8 cm distribution map for almost every European species and also a reference to the plate number where a colour photo may be found. Full text entries are generally only given for species occurring in Europe. Species found in North Africa, the Middle East and a few occurring in the Iberian peninsula (e.g. Pstilogaster algeriensis) are mentioned under the ‘Comments’ heading of a closely related species. The geographic ranges of all species not found in Europe are clearly labelled in the legend opposite the relevant plate. A page number reference to every species illustrated in colour is also given, whether or not there is a full species account. There is an Index, for Latin names only, a list of references and finally a short list of useful contacts in France. There appear to be very few serious errors. A few minor points may be mentioned as follows, but these do not affect the usefulness of this important work. The legend for the hawkmoths on plates 47-49 gives the French common names instead of the English names, but the English names still appear correctly in the heading of the main species account. Inserts correcting this mistake are included with the book. The photos of larger species are reduced in size with the true wingspan given in the legend, so this does not create a serious problem. On plate 10, figs 14 and 15, Clostera powelli and Pygaera timon both have the same English name (Poplar Chocolate-tip) applied to them although it is not known whether or not this is erroneous. This is a book for everyone interested in moths, whether professional, amateur, or merely casual observers of nature. It is both concise and informative, covering the moth fauna of virtually the whole of Europe, parts of North Africa and the Middle East. Furthermore it can easily be packed into a suitcase and used in the field. This publication is an achievement to be proud of, and volumes 2 and 3 are eagerly awaited. Peter Hodge (5335) The Insect Wonderland. Verse and illustrations by Sybil Kent Kane, published by One World Press. ISBN 0-9777356-0-5. www.insect wonderland.com This charming book dropped through the AES PO Box, ready for a review. It’s a bit different from the usual sort of book to be reviewed, for and by entomologists, but is well worth a look if you know of any youngsters who are developing an interest in insects. The book is an alphabetical list of insects, each One with a poem and illustrations. The book was originally the work of Sybil Kane (1902-1994), and put together by her grand-niece, Carol Kane Simerley. Sybil herself was a 200 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society t trained artist who had an eye for detail. She researched the entomological facts for the poems, given the scientific knowledge of the time. The book can easily be read by a competent reader aged 6+, and shared with those younger. Each poem uses easily understood language, and although not always rhyming, makes sense. The illustrations manage to blend whimsy and detail, so that even an exacting entomologist would find them interesting! Most pages show the life cycle within the illustration. Although this is a book written and published in America, there are only a few entries that do not naturally occur here. It seems though, that today’s children are quite familiar with a range of insect names due to films such as Bugs Life. I would recommend this book, particularly as it would make a good resource for any classroom. It encompasses the requirements for the Early Years and National Curriculum on many fronts; non-fiction, poetry, alphabetical skills, independent reading, mini-beast projects, lifecycles, observational drawing — the list can go on. And finally, comments from some consumers: Abbey Barnes, aged 6 (who has a tendency to hysteria when insects come near, much to Grandad’s chagrin) — “the insects were very well drawn and I think children will learn a lot.” Katie Furby, aged 8. “I found this book very interesting and have found out facts about some of the insects I didn’t know. My favourite poem is definitely the Glow-worm as I have seen them in New Zealand. The pictures are very nice. I found the book to be quite a long read to do in one go, but would probably read it in sections as some of the poems are long but overall it was very good.” Bethan Whitehead, aged 7. “I thought this book was very interesting because it taught me more about insects. Some insects I don’t really know about. The book was quite long to read but I found it alright. My favourite poem was about ladybirds. It was a great book I enjoyed it lots. I thought the pictures were amazing they were really good, I also thought the cover was really good because of the pictures.” Susan Holford ADDENDUM. Since writing, Abbey - who recoiled and panicked at the sight of insects — has spent a morning watching Grandad photograph a beetle. Not only that, but she sat for an hour pouring over an identification book. Maybe this book does work wonders in itself! 36 Volume 66 e¢ October 2007 201 Alipet Roaches: Care and Identification Handbook for the Pet and Feeder: Cockroaches by O. McMonigle and R. Willis. Published by Elytra & Antenna 2000. ISBN 0971912912. 44 pages, 4 colour plates and numerous black and white photographs. Softback, stapled. There are very few books relating to the captive rearing of cockroaches, particularly in relation to the numerous books on rearing butterflies and stick insects. The publication of a cheap and easily accessible guide is therefore welcomed, but this book falls short of what is expected in several ways. For starters this is by no means an identification handbook — the identification of cockroaches is not covered, even in passing, in the text. The numerous photographs are often too small, blurred or poorly taken to be of any use in the identification of even the species commonly kept as pets. The reader will also find the layout of the book to be rather more awkward than necessary. The section with descriptions of species is inserted in the middle of another chapter. The insertion of plates outside of the flow of the book is unfortunate but often the only way; the insertion of one chapter within another is inexcusably awkward design. The introductory chapter ‘Roach Talk’ contains reference to all of the normal stereotypical views of cockroaches, and contains a mix of accepted science and some over-zealous defence. Cockroaches are not known to be carriers of mammalian diseases; however their droppings and saliva on food may lead to food poisoning, and they can spread disease organisms from one area to another. Small pieces of shed skin and droppings are also known to be major triggers for asthma. I can find no evidence to support the authors’ assertion that “Pest species may even help with disease prevention’. The comment that “[cockroaches] must also be one of God’s favourite creatures since they are one of the few animals still around after 360 million years” is not appropriate in this context. Chapter 2 discusses mimicry and other resemblances of cockroaches to plants and animals. While the position in the flow of the text is slightly unusual, it is both informative and interesting. Chapter 3 is a largely inadequate chapter on containers suitable for rearing cockroaches, with the only option discussed in any detail being the ‘bucket’ cage. Bragg (1997) in a much shorter book offers useful advice on devices to prevent escape while cleaning cages, which is completely ignored here. That “roach cages often do not smell too bad after many years without cleaning” should not be taken as good 202 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society tf husbandry advice. Chapter 4 covers what to feed to your cockroaches, after boldly claiming in the opening paragraph that “they positively do not eat anything”. As with several other sections of the book, thorough proof- reading would have improved both clarity and reading ease. Chapter 5 is a short chapter on what other animals can be fed on cockroaches in captivity. The details of cockroach life cycle and breeding are bizarrely confined to the final three chapters. The paragraph on the benefit of “sunning” cockroaches by providing a 60-watt light bulb is an idea I have not previously come across, and I would imagine the benefit in most cases is solely from the additional warmth. The majority of cockroaches do tend to avoid being active in daylight, preferring to hide in dark corners and crevices, or even to burrow in the substrate. The section on species notes covers 78 species, but all briefly. The notes sometimes give useful rearing hints, but are generally limited to a brief description and the locality. This book does contain lots of useful information but the presentation is sub-standard. The text is mainly accurate, but requires a lot more proof-reading. The photographs on the colour plates are generally good, but the black and white photographs in the text are often not of the required standard. It is hard to recommend this book. Bragg (1997) is much more informative, although it does not cover anywhere near the number of the species. For those who are looking to culture a number of species the additional information may make it a worthwhile purchase. It should be said, however, that many of the publications by McMonigle and Elytra and Antennae are of a much better standard. The magazine Invertebrates has some excellent articles, often with equally good photographs. Reference Bragg, P. E. 1997 An Introduction to Rearing Cockroaches. Self Published ISBN: 0953119513. Edward Baker Atlas of the Millipedes (Diplopoda) of Britain and Ireland by Paul Lee, published by Pensoft, Sofia, Bulgaria, 2006, on behalf of the Biological Records Centre, hardback, ISBN 13: 978-954-642-277-4, no details of price supplied. The book has 216 pages, divided into sections but they are not referred to as chapters. The Foreword of three pages is written by R.D. Kime, followed by five pages of acknowledgements to the various recorders 36 Volume 66 ¢ October 2007 203 involved. The Introduction of five pages covers comments on the numbers of species in Britain and Ireland compared with other places in the world. It also includes comments on ecology and life histories, brief advice on collecting and recording millipedes and identification with keys. The next section covers “Millipede Recording in Britain and Ireland” and is an 11 page history of the main steps in the development of their study leading to the establishment of the organised millipede recording scheme from 1985 onwards. This is followed by a five page section covering the checklist of species, with full classification details, plus certain explanatory details clarifying some points and possible confusions in the list. The fourth section of 117 pages is the main purpose of the book — the Distribution maps and species accounts. The records from which the maps were built up cover a period of 33 years and are recorded by 10km square, as is usual for a national distribution scheme. There are three reference maps at the beginning of the section. The first of these shows the squares from which at least one record is available. This type of map is useful in that it shows also where no records exist. The usefulness of this is increased by its details being printed in light grey on all the species distribution maps. The second reference map indicates intensity of recording effort in each square, shown by the size of the dot indicating the number of records available for the square. The third reference map shows the number of species recorded in each square. Comparison of maps 2 and 3 allows the reader to judge what areas show a greater diversity with lesser searching effort per species found — this could be useful if someone had limited time but wanted to photograph a greater variety of species, for example. Each species account is a double page spread, with the text on the left and the distribution on the right. For a proportion of species, though less than half, there is a colour photograph showing a whole specimen. The text covers details of distribution and suggestions concerning habitat preferences. These preferences often are further analysed by comparison with distribution elsewhere. Also, there are often details about the time of year, lifespan and gender and references to aspects of life cycle. As mentioned above, the distribution maps are enhanced by having the first reference map, showing squares from where records have been received, in light grey, on the actual distribution map. This gives a clearer indication as to the distribution. The species section is followed by three pages describing six alien species that so far have not been able to establish themselves outdoors. There follow 12 pages of analysis of the data used. This explains the system used in more detail by referring to the different types of recording cards used, and explaining how the cards were changed in the light of 204 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society tf experience. Copies of the two cards used are shown in Appendix 1. The analysis of the number data is interesting and illuminating, made easier by the explanations of the formulae used. As always with numbers, some amateurs may have to read the section several times to understand fully what they show. The results are regional and habitat lists, plus a list of the British species with an indicator value for their occurrence in different habitats that clearly indicates their habitat preferences. The next section of two pages deals briefly with conservation, in which there is discussion of nationally scarce species. Following this there is a discussion of the rationale behind the inclusion of seven species of millipede in the UK BAP list. Further reviews of these species have resulted in three being suggested for Priority species status. The following four pages deal with future recording as the production of the atlas marks the end of the current scheme. The aim is to continue studying aspects of millipede biology as there is still much information that is either incomplete or lacking and there are some suggestions for this. There are three appendices; the topic of the first one, (the recording cards) has already been covered in this review. The second appendix presents the habitats in which the various species were found as a summary table. The third appendix summarises the records according to certain environmental factors for each species. These tables are useful, but a bit of time is needed to understand fully the information being presented. They are followed by an extensive bibliography of 10 pages. Finally there is the species index. This book is not an identification guide. For identification the reader is referred to the revised book by J.G. Blower, 1985, in the Linnean Society's Series “Synopses of the British Fauna.” This is out of print at present, though second-hand copies are available. However, currently it is undergoing its third revision. The Atlas is an excellent book. It meets its criteria very well and will be of great use to all interested in millipedes, even those with only a passing interest. I heartily recommend it. Nick Holford The Dragonflies of Essex by Ted Benton and John Dobson, published by Essex Field Club in association with Lopinga Books, 2007, and available from John Dobson, c/o 148 Main Road, Danbury, Essex, CM3 4DT, price £20.00 plus p&p. hardback ISBN 0-905037-18-6 (paperback available). There are four chapters, five appendices, Bibliography and Index. It has 228 pages, many colour illustrations and a distribution map for all resident and migrant species. tf Volume 66 ¢ October 2007 205 The first chapter, of 30 pages, is a general introduction to the structure, life history, behaviour and details of habitat and conservation of dragonflies. Almost 22 of these pages (nearly 10% of the book), provide information that is available elsewhere. This is followed by a section on the Dragonflies of Essex, covering just over eight pages. This section is more interesting in that it details the history of dragonflies in the county. There is an overview of the finding of the Small Red-eyed Damselfly (Erythromma viridulum (Charp), here referred to incorrectly as the Small Red Damselfly, though elsewhere its correct English name is used. A copy of the original paper in Afropos reporting this as the first finding of the Species taebritain, Gts normal range making it more or less a Mediterranean species, though there are isolated colonies as far north as the Netherlands), is reproduced as Appendix 3. This overview is followed by a comparison of the surveys of the 1980s and 2000-2006 along the River Stour, which concludes that the river is improving considerably as a habitat for dragonflies. The review of surveys elsewhere in the county shows that the situation is improving as far as the number of species and their abundance are concerned. Within this review, several species are dealt with in more detail, such as the Scarce Chaser (Libellula fulva) and the White-legged Damselfly (Platycnemis pennipes). The possible causes of the improvements are discussed at the end of the chapter. The second chapter covers 28 pages and contains descriptions of the various places where dragonflies may be seen in the county. This is dealt with by dividing the county into quarters according to points of the compass. Within each quarter there are numbered divisions, and these may be subdivided again. The information here is quite detailed and therefore useful, though the numbering system breaks down twice as there are two sections numbered two in the South-west Essex and again in the South-east Essex quarters. Provided readers are aware of these anomalies, there should be no real problem with using this section. The third chapter of 117 pages deals with the various species found in Essex. For each species there is a description, with a good photograph and occasionally an extra photograph of a key identification feature. There follow details of species it might be confused with, the flight period, comments on habitat and behaviour and details of distribution and conservation, with specific reference to the situation in Essex. Each species section concludes with comments upon early records. The distribution details for Essex specifically refer to the more recent surveys since 2000 and include a distribution map based upon recording by tetrad. For anyone interested in general distribution of dragonflies, or their specific distribution in Essex, this distribution information is the most useful part of the book. Whilst species might be identified using this 206 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society tS] book, it would not be as easy as using other specific identification guides. The identification information could have been left out without detracting from its usefulness as a county distribution atlas, but its inclusion does mean that the book might appeal to the more casual observer. The fourth chapter contains 24 pages that cover the history of dragonfly recording in Essex. This is informed and well-balanced, though at least parts of it were written before 2,000CE since it states “until the turn of the present century” when referring to the 20th Century, despite the fact that the book was published in 2007! Other typographical errors exist in the text, such as references to the “Father of Odonatology” as the “Belgian Baron E. de Selys-Longchamps”, who is subsequently referred to as “De-Selys Longchamps”. The former is the correct name and is the one used in the Bibliography at the end. Despite this, the chapter is a very interesting and easy to read account because of its more “chatty” style and well researched details. The history of the various lists of Odonata from Essex is described, the first list being the one by Harwood in the section on insects in the Victoria County History published in 1903. Part of the chapter focuses on the lists by the two Champion brothers published in the Entomologist in 1903-1913. There is a discussion about Syms’ list of Epping Forest Dragonflies, published in 1929 in the Essex Naturalist. After this, the focus reverts to the county as a whole, when there was a lot of field activity, and published articles and notes. There follows a short summary of dragonfly work in Essex prior to the commencement of the survey of the 1980s. There are five Appendices, the first dealing with species previously present but not found during the most recent survey. Some of them are past records of doubtful validity, and these are explained. This appendix is divided into two parts; the first covers the seven species found before 1900 and not recorded since. The next part deals with the six species found after 1900 but not found during the most recent survey. The second appendix reviews species considered to be likely visitors and colonists in the future. The third appendix, about the Small Red-eyed Damselfly, has already been covered. The fourth appendix describes a sighting of the Lesser Emperor Dragonfly. The final appendix lists the scientific and common names of plants mentioned in the main text. There follows an extensive bibliography and a brief index. The latter lists specifically the main page reference to the the species accounts in chapter three. The book is well-produced in AS format on glossy paper and has a coloured cover. Despite the various typographical errors I have mentioned, it should appeal to those who require specific details as to distribution of species in the County, though at &20.00 it is not cheap. My 3d Volume 66 © October 2007 207 own feeling is that it is more aimed at the casual interest market, where the species descriptions may be of use. The price for this market would seem reasonable. Nick Holford The European Families of the Diptera - Identification, diagnosis, biology by Pjotr Oosterbroek, published by KNNV Publishing, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2006. 205 pages. ISBN 978 90 5011 245 1. Price Euros 59.95 (approx £40). For a long time, British entomologists seemed to be reluctant to embrace European literature. The problem for the amateur was the need to learn several languages to utilise the best European tomes. Fortunately for us, many of the more recent volumes on insects have been published in English. As well as furthering our knowledge, we seem to be undergoing a dramatic change in our invertebrate fauna, with many new additions to the British list. Many of these species are spreading from the European mainland. With this in mind, it is opportune to receive a European Diptera book to review. The true flies can be quite a daunting order for the novice. However, this book is clear, concise and well presented. It is easy to ‘dip into’ as well as to read more seriously and thoroughly. The book is beautifully illustrated with accurate line illustrations for each family. Each term used in the text is clearly illustrated, making it excellent for beginners. The keys are easy to follow and deliberately designed to rely on features that are clear and unambiguous. The chapter on the family descriptions lays out the main features, biology and identification references, to allow the student to progress further. The book is extensively referenced. In summary, there is a surprisingly large amount of information in this book. Although it may appear costly at first sight, it is well worth the price. The book should open up the world of Diptera to a wider audience. Phil Wilkins 208 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society = The Amateur Entomologists Society YOUR SOCIETY NEEDS YOU! For the AES to continue producing the Bulletin, the Bug Club Magazine and other publications to the same high standard as in the past and to suppor the highly successful annual exhibitions, we need to increase our membership by the 35 Ninr Member Membership has fallen from a high of over 2000 in 1987 to just 1258 at the end 2006. Our Society plays a most important role in promoting the study of insects particularly for enthusiastic young entomologists. Your Council is determined t ensure that our society continues the good work that stated over 70 years ag and so is beginning a special two-year recruitment drive. We voluntary Recruitment Officer and a network of voluntary Recruitment Agents ideally one in each county of England and at least one in each of the main conurbations of Scotland and Wales. The Recruitment Officer would be co-opted on to the AES Council and he or she would suppon and direct the Recruitment Agents, funded by an allocated budget The Recruitment Officer and Recruitment Agents will be very important to the future of the AES, so if you have the skills, the enthusiasm, time and energy t play a vital part in strengthening our society, please contact MALCOLM SIMPSON 6 FOXENFIELDS ABBOTS RIPTON CAMBRIDGESHIRE PE28 2PW Tel 01487 77300606 Yes, the Society really does need YOU to help increase our membersh p otherwise subscriptions will have to be raised significantly for the society to ] os > RAHI AeaAAN Mm survive. Please help to ensure the future Of vour society Dy active parucipaGon m ee —_ Join our FREE bi-monthly mailing list. 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To ensure high standards of production we use Cravitz Printing Company. BRITISH BUTTERFLIES ent # THROUGHOUT THE YEAR This new book from the AES describes the adults of different species of British butterflies, according to the time of year - they appear on the wing. Nearly all the 60 British species are illustrated. Focussing on encouraging an interest in entomology among the young, and the young at heart, there is a helpful calendar of flight times . quis and a useful checklist to help you keep track of BUG your observations . Price:£3.80 (Members); £5.00 (Non-Members) (inc. p&p) AES Publications 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA Tel: 01277 224610 E-mail: aespublications @ btconnect.com Ian Johnson Natural History Books (Pemberley Books) Specialist in Entomology and related subjects Also Zoology, Ornithology, Botany ete. ¢ CATALOGUES — Second-hand, Antiquarian and New books — free catalogues available on request. ¢ SPECIALIST BOOKSHOP at Richings Park, Iver, just to the West of London — easy to reach by car or train. Visitors are welcome to visit and view our stock, but please telephone first to confirm opening times. * By car: only 10 minutes drive from the M25 via the M4 (Junction 5), or M40 Qunction 1). 15 minutes from Heathrow Airport. * By train: 20 minutes from London Paddington to Iver Station on the Paddington-Slough Thames Trains service (2 trains every hour). 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All advice and comment given in the book is based upon collective years of practical experience of both curatorial methods and field craft; beetle family chapters have each been written by an internationally recognised authority. 496 pages including 32 colour plates. £ 54.00 Members price £ 39.00 Host plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations A list of a wide range of plants, in alphabetical order, together with the beetle species that have been recorded as being associated with them. 24 pages (1992) £3.10 Members price £ 2.35 A Silkmoth Rearer’s Handbook by B.0.C. Gardiner SPECIAL OFFER PRICE £ 7.70 No further discounted price available A Dipterist’s Handbook by A.E. Stubbs, P.J. Chandler and others A practical handbook for both the beginner and the initiated on collecting, breeding and studying the two-winged flies. Describes equipment, trapping, preservation, habitat, ) plant and animal associations and behaviour. Includes a detailed chapter on larval stages with an illustrated key to families. An essential book for the keen Dipterist. 260 pages with drawings of larvae and equipment (1978, reprinted 1996) £14.20 Members price £ 10.60 ! Practical Hints for Collecting and Studying the Microlepidoptera by P.A. Sokoloff. A practical manual for those interested in the smaller moths, describing techniques for collecting adult moths, collecting immature stages, breeding, | killing, setting and mounting. A list of useful books and journals as well as details of ' societies and suppliers is included. 40 pages, 11 figures (1980) £4.20 Members price £ 3.15 | ) Rearing and Studying Stick and Leaf-Insects by P. D. Brock | Specifically intended for beginners, although it is also suitable for experienced Phasmid enthusiasts, it is one of the few guides to rearing that features the majority of the culture stocks available, 22 species in detail. 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Topics covered include structure, fascinating facts, life history and development, defence behaviour, enemies, collecting, breeding (including trouble shooting), preserving, taxonomic studies, important collections in Museums etc. around the world and elaborate stories, beliefs and poems. Also outlines the major known species around the world on a regional basis. A section on Fossils is included. Includes a comprehensive glossary of the technical terms used in the description and classification of stick and leaf-insects. Hardback AS, 184 pages, 46 figures, 26 black and white plates and 40 pages of colour plates (containing 83 photographs and 4 drawings/paintings of insects and their habitats). (1999) £ 18.90 Members price £ 14.10 Rearing Parasitic Hymenoptera by M. Shaw This booklet provides information on the parasitic Hymenoptera to enable successful studies to be made of this little understood group of the British insect fauna. 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Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Volume 66 © Number 474 October 2007 CONTENTS EqlitOrial, ........:.cseescscsbassocevetechedeonnessoese oss ebsites Se eesutaenaguese severe ease a rr 171 simpson; M: Tihe Discovery of a Clap-Met.c....<-<.20 Dinocampus coccinellae is also responsible for significant mortality in certain ladybird species in the UK, notably the Seven-spot Ladybird Coccinella septempunctata, where it has been shown (Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee) that up to 70 % of a population can be parasitized in some areas of the UK. Subsequent related literature reported that aphids caused massive losses to crop yields, and that the action of a single parasitoid wasp allowed up to 55 million aphids a year to do their damage in the absence of ladybirds that have been dispatched at the hands of the wasp and its offspring. However, there is a world of difference between what is theoretically possible and what actually happens in real life, which explains why we are not all knee-deep in Giant Puffballs. 220 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society LJ air crisp and clean, and the sunlight pleasantly warm. I had expected insect life in the park to be somewhat reduced, but this was not the case. There was much dipteran activity and I immediately observed Harlequin Ladybirds on the trees, again, with a particular affinity for Limes and also Sycamores. Dark Bush-crickets were singing from the increasingly skeletal bramble thickets, whose thorny limbs were silhouetted against the scarlet floor-bound leaves which glowed beneath them like a bed of embers. This species, a great favourite of mine since childhood days, displays a workman-like hardiness that ensures that it will remain a welcome accompaniment to autumnal walks when much else has succumbed to the increasing inhospitality of that winter-ushering season. At the top of a hill was an impressive stand of Sweet Chestnut trees, and the warm conditions were prompting the tree to drop green urchins to the woodland floor below. As they fell, the ripe fruits burst from their spiky green jackets upon impact, bouncing and rolling to their final resting place like polished buttons among the leaves. By these Sweet Chestnuts was a huge Beech tree, towering against the blueness as I stood below it. Its warm trunk was alive with glistening beads of colour, an incredible assemblage of Harlequin Ladybirds by the hundred, producing such an active display of motion that the trunk looked like the surface of a pond dancing with a myriad of multicoloured Whirligigs. This was the most impressive display that I have seen to date, and was testimony, after a string of fairly severe frosts, to the hardiness of this species. The Harlequin Ladybird is clearly here to stay, and we must wait to see how our native fauna respond to the challenge of this remarkably successful and potentially damaging species. Acknowledgements Sincere thanks to: Helen Roy, Gavin Broad, Maria Fremlin, Max Barclay and the Royal Parks Authorities. References Halstead, A.J. and Malumphy, C.P., 2003, Outbreak in Britain of Stephanitis takeyai Drake and Mao (Hemiptera: Tingidae), a pest of Pieris japonica. Brit. J. Ent. & Nat. Hist., 16: 3-6. Sutton, P.G., 2007, Grasshoppers and Relatives, British Wildlife, 19: 54-55. 36 Volume 66 * December 2007 221 Monitoring ladybirds under an oak tree by Maria Fremlin (12447) 25 Ireton Road, Colchester, Essex CO3 3AT, England mariafremlin@gmail.com According to plan this year I monitored the habitat under an isolated oak tree (Quercus robur L.) in the Colchester Royal Grammar School playground, TL986249, started on 18th May. When I first discovered it in August 2006, it was full of ladybirds and other very interesting invertebrates [Fremlin, 2007a & 2007bI]. Observations This year there were much fewer beetle mites, they turned up only by the second week in June and could be seen on the brick wall only; there were a lot of leaf hoppers right from the start, but very few bark lice. The ladybirds also took time to arrive; by 24th June I saw the first two harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis Pallas) imagines. As for the lacewings I only saw their larvae twice. There were no leaf or smut beetles; hardly any spiders and no moths. Altogether this year there was a much lower biodiversity, probably due to the cooler weather. However after mid August, perhaps peak activity, there was plenty going on and the harlequin ladybirds were by far the commonest Coccinellidae, they had spread all over the school mini bus, which had _ been parked nearby, and they were even pupating on its tyres. Then there was plenty of larval cannibalism, plus quite a few imagines with deformed wings (Plate 2), and even one wasp parasitised imago out of 25 (Plate 3). | Results The monitoring figures of Coccinellidae species present, mostly on the steel railing and low wall, after mid-August in both years are shown in Table 1; coincidentally recorded under similar weather conditions, three days apart. There was a significant increase in the harlequin ladybirds present. There was a significant drop in the 10-spot ladybirds (Adalia 10- punctata). On the other hand in 2007 I observed more 2-spot ladybirds (Adalia 2-punctata), plenty of their larvae, matings and even egg laying | once; alas by the next day they were gone. I didn’t see any Scymnus auritus, a tiny black ladybird associated with oak woodland, at all in | 2007. Earlier on I saw two 7-spot ladybirds (Coccinella 7-punctata) for | the first time. 222 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 18/08/06 Coccinellid species 12.46 hrs 21-4 °C Harlequin Harmonia axyridis 2-spot Adalia 2-punctata 10-spot Adalia 10-punctata Scymnus auritus Total larvae, imagines and pupae *temperatures from our home weather station, 350 meters away. Table 1. Ladybird species present on the railings and side wall, figures represent the sum of their larvae, pupae, and imagines. Discussion and conclusion This year possibly my most significant observation was finding a harlequin ladybird imago parasitised by a braconid wasp, Dinocampus coccinellae Schrank, the second record in this part of the country. The first was recorded by Nigel Cuming in September 2004, Aldeburgh, Suffolk, TM461574, shortly after their arrival from the continent (Bowdrey & Mabbott, 2005). The parasitoid wasp D. coccinellae is a bit smaller than a 7-spot ladybird. Females lay a single egg in a ladybird, the larva feeds inside, and before pupating it severs the main nerves of its host’s legs; then pupates outside directly underneath it. Thus the ladybird is immobilised but still alive, and it looks as if it is incubating something (Plate 3); this seems to be unique to D. coccinellae parasitism (Bruce, 1998). By the time the wasp emerges the ladybird is probably dead. However the wasp, within one hour of emerging, has the potential to start laying fertile eggs by parthenogenesis — no need of a male — about 100 in a generation (Bruce, 1998). Now, this would have been a welcome performance under that oak, because D. coccinellae doesn’t seem to go for 2-spot and 10-spot ladybirds (Bruce, 1998), which were the other species after the harlequins, see Table 1. Otherwise it has been recorded in at least 14 of the coccinellid species found in the UK, all large species. It seems to favour 7-spot ladybirds, and I’ve observed that locally. On top of being non-specific D. coccinellae has a wide geographic range, which includes N. America, Asia, Europe and Africa. There are records in the literature of D. coccinellae parasitising harlequins in its original Far Eastern habitats going back at least to 1950 Qohn 36 Volume 66 * December 2007 223 Muggleton, pers. comm.). Also it has been reported in places where the harlequin has been introduced, for example, the USA (Koch, 2003) and Canada (Firlej, 2005). Therefore it was very interesting to find out that D. coccinellae has been paying them some attention over here as well. Let’s hope that they will carry on with gusto. It would be worth investigating why so many harlequin imagines had problems with their wings (Plate 2); the same has happened last year towards the end of the season (Fremlin, 2007b). There is also a question about the missing 2-spot ladybird eggs. Ladybird eggs take 4-10 days to hatch, depending on temperature (Majerus, 2006). Who ate them? Mainly it would be nice to be able to carry on monitoring the balance between the coccinellid species under that oak. Acknowledgements First, to Peter Brown, who surprised me when he asked for a report on the parasitised harlequin “as the second part of your ‘Native enemies of the harlequin”! I’m grateful for the way that Peter has shared his knowledge with me; the same applies to Paul Mabbott, who has been very patiently answering quite a lot of questions. Also to Harry Green, Kathleen Kidd, John Muggleton, Arnstein Staverlokk, and Peter Sutton, for their references and advice. References Bowdrey, J. & Mabbott, P. 2005. The multivariate Asian Ladybird Harmonia axyridis Pallas in Essex, 2004. Essex Naturalist (NS), No 22, 42-44. Bruce, A. 1998, as in November 2007. Parasitoid wasp threatens Scottish Seven Spot ladybird http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www. microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/art98/ladybird.html Firlej, A. et al., 2005. First report of Harmonia axyridis Pallas being attacked by Dinocampus coccinellae Schrank in Canada. Biological Invasions, 7, 553-5560. DOI10.1007/s10530-004-5848-0 Fremlin, M. 2007a. Intra-guild predation of harlequin ladybird larvae by lacewing larvae. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society, 66, 110-116. Fremlin, M. as in November 2007b. Photos of an interesting habitat found in the playground of the CRGS. http://maria.fremlin.org/crgs. Koch RL. 2003. The Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle, Harmonia Axyridis: A Review of Its Biology, Uses in Biological Control, and Non-target Impacts. 16pp. Journal of Insect Science, 3:32, Available online: http://www. insectscience. org/3.32/ Majerus, M., Roy, H., Brown, P. & Ware, R.L. 2006. Guide to the ladybirds of the British Isles. Text FSC; images Chris Shields. OP102. ISBN: 1 85153 297 8. 224 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society eS On the road to Rurrenabaque by Ronald N. Baxter (1267) 45 Chudleigh Crescent, Seven Kings, Ilford, Essex, IG3 QAT. This is an account of a journey I made to Bolivia in 1998 with seven other entomologists. Our journey was to last three weeks, in which time we would each pursue our own particular interests. However, it was not without its trials and tribulations which we would all endure. The very dangerous roads were, at times, nerve racking. Occasionally there were landslides, making the roads impassable; reversing on a mountain road was enough to make one turn cold with fear and passing another vehicle coming in the opposite direction was no ordinary manoeuvre either! The scenery of the Yungas was breathtaking and the butterflies and other insects seen along the route to Rurrenabaque were both beautiful and bizarre. At Rurrenabaque tarantulas (Avicularia) were abundant. My journey began at Heathrow Airport one evening in September. I had met three members of our group; Ian, Don and Philip at the check-in of Varig Brazilian Airline. As there was another two hours before our departure time, we went for a meal. Don was a keen lepidopterist, as was Philip. lan was generally interested in practically anything that moved, including amphibians. He was especially attracted to the large and bizarre creatures! All three had been to Ecuador together in the past so they were well acquainted with each other. Time flies when you are engrossed in conversation; and boarding of our plane had by now begun, so we sharply made our way to the boarding gate. Our plane was getting full and finding one’s allotted seat was no easy task. Eventually, I found mine and sat down next to a gentleman with grey hair and a short grey beard. ‘Are you going on this trip to Bolivia?,) he enquired. ‘Indeed I am.’ I said. We exchanged names and Graham became my travelling companion. At 22.00, we departed on our trip to Bolivia. After a stop at Rio de Janeiro and a change of planes at Sao Paulo and a further stop at Santa Cruz, we arrived at La Paz at 13.00 the next day, Friday 4.9.98 where we were met by our guide, Susana. The afternoon was spent shopping for supplies, sightseeing and resting, at the Hotel Sagarnaga, where we were to spend the night. 3 Volume 66 * December 2007 225 It was here, at the Hotel Sagarnaga, we caught our first glimpse of some Bolivian butterflies. In the restaurant was a young Bolivian who had some very choice papered specimens of Agrias beata and A. claudina lugens. Don was very interested to see these and we were all keen to know where the young Bolivian had collected them, but this information was not forthcoming and he departed, leaving us to our meal. I had a simple meal — steak and chips — but it was the most succulent steak I had eaten for a long time and the like of which, I would not experience again for the next three weeks. Next morning, a Toyota Land Cruiser 4x4 was waiting to take us to Hotel Huayrani at Chulumani, where we would spend the next four days, collecting at different sights which we were looking forward to. But we had not reckoned with the road, which is the Yungas Road, said to be the most dangerous road in the world. Downhill traffic must manoeuvre to the outside of the road to allow uphill traffic to pass on the inside, frequently this requires the driver to literally balance his wheels on the edge of the road, while the uphill traffic squeezes by on the inside. We arrived at Chulumani on Saturday, 5.9.98 at approximately 14.30 to a wet and misty welcome. The following day, Sunday, was also wet sO we were not able to leave our Hotel until Monday, 7.9.98. The Yungas are beautiful, but also dangerous. Photo: Ron Baxter 226 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society sé Monday morning was bright and sunny and so we made an early start for the collecting site, the Rio Solacama, travelling again in the same Toyota Land Cruiser 4x4. It transpired that the driver of this vehicle was also the hotelier. Apparently, we were his only guests. The river is spanned by a bridge approximately 10m wide so there is no difficulty crossing. The first butterfly I noticed was a blue-banded Morpho, flying extremely fast. During the time spent at this site, several Morphos were seen flying on both sides of the river. At muddy puddles, several species of butterfly congregated, many remaining absolutely still, except for their proboscises probing the mud for nutrients. At one such puddle was a fine Prepona demophon, in perfect condition and a Megistanis baeotus, but with broken tails. (Identifiable by the blue markings on the upperside of its wings, as it flashed them.) Many species of Parides were seen flying on each side of the river, but I could not identify them. During the time we were at Rio Solacama, species of Morpho, Papilio, Prepona, Heliconius, etc were seen by other members of the group. Quite often, Susana could be seen with a large net in one hand and a piece of metallic blue card in the other. This she flashed frequently to attract passing Morphos. Besides being our guide, Susana was also acting manager. She made all the arrangements at hotels, paid the bills, organised the purchase of our food and water for the daily excursions. She organised the transport and recruited helpers along the way. She also listened to our occasional complaints, whether these were about transport or hotel service which occasionally involved matters of hygiene. These she attended to in her usual business-like manner. Very often on a trip, she would stop the driver to get off and purchase fish and extremely over ripe bananas from roadside traders. This was bait for attracting butterflies. Alistair, Philip and Frank were using traps which they baited with the fish which, by now smelt absolutely revolting. Even when the traps had been hoisted high in the trees, the foul smell wafted in the breeze. If the smell failed to attract the desired butterflies, it certainly attracted some small vultures that circled the trees. On Tuesday, 8.9.98 we went to Tajma — a short drive of just 40 minutes. The collecting site was by a stream just off the road. Here were many muddy patches which were literally swarming with Acraed sp. and the large Hesperid, Jemadia hospita, was also a frequent visitor to muddy patches. Doxocopa cherubuna and D. cyane were frequently tf Volume 66 * December 2007 207 This Doxocopa sp. was attracted to Graham's bag. Photo: Graham Giles seen at puddles, flashing their wings, exposing the metallic blue upper sides. At the edge of a nearby stream, a lone specimen of the beautiful green and brown Pbhilaethria dido remained motionless as it drank the clear water. Morpho patroclus occasionally visited the stream and mud, but were more likely to be attracted to the over ripe bananas. Most of their time however, was spent flying at speed, along the mountain roads. Various species of Pieridae gathered at the edge of the stream. These were mainly Phoebis philia and P. argante. : li iS Mot very. Often you see anyone walking along these roads, so it was quite amazing to see a small figure slowly appear from the very top of the mountain. As the figure came closer, I could see that it was a man with a sack over his shoulder and holding a piece of wood with some very old immature stick insects (Phasmidae) and a large Theraphosid spider, also very old and faded. These were pinned out, most probably by him. We asked the man about the insects; where he got them and what The mystery man with old stick insects and tarantula. Photo: Ron Baxter 228 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists'’ Society t was he doing with them, but it was impossible to get him to understand us and equally impossible for us to understand him. Eventually, Susana gave him a drink and he went on his way. Our excursion was drawing to a close, so we returned to our hotel at Chulumani for our evening meal. The restaurant is situated in the far corner of the hotel grounds. Nearby, there is a large swimming pool which plays host at night to several large toads. These keep up their croaking chorus, long into the night. Ian had fixed up a white sheet and lamp at the back of the restaurant, facing a forested area. After supper, we spent an enjoyable time keeping watch for something special to visit the sheet. Most of the moths were small Noctuids and Geometers which resembled British species, however, being more brightly coloured than their British counterparts. Many ‘Emeralds’ had golden coloured margins with fringed wings and some specimens were white with a yellowish line on their wings. Don was very interested in all these moths. He was busy all the time boxing the most striking and unusual. It was not long before he had all his collecting boxes and papers full. He was certainly making a fine collection. Many species of Sphingids (Hawk moths) also visited the sheet as did some Saturnids (Silkmoths), these being of the Rothschildia genus. Unfortunately, all were males so I was unable to obtain any eggs for rearing. Besides moths, many other insects visited the sheet. Male praying mantids were regular visitors; cicadas flew about the light together with small lantern flies (Fulgoridae), these were more or less green with white wax streaming from them. Beetles also came to the light. These were mostly chafers (Scarabaeidae) — some bright green, others black. Occasionally a loud humming noise would approach the light and the beetle would land on the sheet. This would be one of the large horned Scarabs — Megasoma sp. On one particular evening the bushes near the light became covered with adult cicadas which were just emerging, the nymphs having emerged from the ground some time earlier. At night, the shrill sound of these insects could be heard for miles around and was quite deafening. Combined with the toads’ chorus and the forest frogs, with the varying pitch of their croaks; the odd bird calling; the occasional mammal grunting and barking, all contributed to a /orest symphony. First to rise in the mornings would be Don. Each morning, without fail, he would make his way down to the sheet and collect the moths December 2007 Volume 66 LUUVUC et ical. G4AU) ) VY) GAFALL EY oy] uo doysyiom YiOW SULINp UsdS SHIOW YOY ‘AVIMAW VIBIUOAIY WOW IPH WMG 3YSLI WOVO ‘suopll) VIUYIVD WoW UsdtH udiINg yes woyog ‘L007 A[nf FL ‘puvjory ‘Avg AvMyey Jo jsvoo uo Joyenbsdoysig Je josuns ye sroddey yop ‘asnjoid uTey- “T 33eTd Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Plate 2. Harlequin ladybird H. axyridis f. succinea with damaged elytra and wings. Photo taken on 27/08/07. Photo: Maria Fremlin Plate 3. Harlequin ladybird H. axyridis with its immobilised legs protecting a cocoon of a Ss | s parasitoid wasp D. coccinellae . Photo taken on 18/08/07. Photo: Maria Fremilin UOPNSG AIAG ‘SOIOdd yl IYUSLI WOVOg ‘vAIv] UMOIS AT[N Woy WoyVog :oUuTUT Jro] [eAIv] 3AYsII doy, ‘asvuep Jeo jo dn-aso[yD sway doy, yyapiigo DIUDAOUDY AG paseulep sdaI) NU\soYD asJOH saangotd ureyy “ye ISIOH] OU, *F 31e]d - =—— a — TT ar = <= E 5 rer = 0 = oS Be o> ~ fo) oO N — oO Q = feb) (S) oO a) Volume 66 34 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists'’ Society Harlequin Ladybird melanic adult and pupa Cinset). 6 Volume 66 * December 2007 229 which interested him most and which had come to rest after the light had been turned off the previous night. Many moths would still be resting on the sheet, bushes, or on the ground. ‘I do this every morning before the birds get them’ said Don, as he returned with his early morning’s catch. During the next three days we made similar trips to local areas, along narrow, dusty, mountain roads, forever conscious of the dangers of such travel, On one occasion we suddenly came to a full stop. The road ahead was blocked by a heavy landslide which would take hours to clear. Usually this is cleared by simply pushing the sandstone off the road and into the river below. However, our driver decided against this, and took the option of reversing. Our vehicle was a mini bus and there was no way that he could perform a three-point-turn. The method by which you turn round is to reverse so that the rear wheels stop at the edge of the road with the rear of the vehicle overhanging the edge. You then go forward turning the steering wheel until you cannot go any further and then repeat the procedure by gradually shunting backwards and forwards. Finally, when the driver has safely completed the manoeuvre, you can breathe again!On Thursday 10.9.98 we left Chulumani by mini bus, heading in the direction of Rurrenabaque, our final destination. En route we stopped at various sites for collecting where the usual species were seen, such as Prepona, Morpho and Papilio. It was not until we reached Choro Bajo, that much more interesting species were to be seen. The site chosen was just off the road leading into the village, where we had lunch. At first, our presence appeared to make the village children anxious, as they remained at a distance. Perhaps they were wondering what we were all doing with such large butterfly nets which perplexed them, for they were equipped with their own particular brand of net. These were plastic bags on a wire ring and attached to long sticks. Judging by the species they had caught and their condition, these children were more than amateurs! Susana and Philip were showing great interest in their specimens. Susana quickly selected a fine Papilio bachus, a Megistanis boeticus and a large Papilio telesilaus, while Philip was busy examining other specimens. All this excitement by adult butterfly collectors with huge nets, compared to their plastic bags, and being anxious to buy their butterflies, must have mystified the children, if not amazed them. There was no doubt about it, these children knew what they were about and the quality of their specimens proved that. I am pretty sure they would have rejected anything which was not in perfect condition. 230 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society ui Choro Bajo children with their plastic-bag butterfly nets. Photo: Ron Baxter As for remuneration, apparently the children accepted anything offered. One boliviano (15p) bought a choice Papilio while a meat pasty left over from lunch was exchanged for a rare Papilio. Money is of very little use to children living in the forests, whereas food is much more important. When we had finished our lunch, all uneaten food was gathered into parcels, wrapped in plastic and given to the children. You have never seen so many happy faces as they ran back with them to their homes. Buying their butterflies will certainly encourage them to catch more and provide them with a source of income for their parents. And who knows, one day they may become so proficient that they become Professional Collectors. The next day, Monday 14.9.98, we began the last leg of our journey to Rurrenabaque. We travelled for ten hours in a large bus through primary forest. The sickening sound of chainsaws came from the forest for most of the journey and mingled with the drone of the bus’s engine, making one big racket. Volume 66 * December 2007 231 | ————————— _ The chapel at Commuidad. Frankie searching for Avicularia avicularia. Photo: Ron Baxter 232 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 We finally arrived at Ruennabaque on Monday, 14.9.98. The altitude here was 215m. This was down from 1350m at Chulumani where we commenced our journey. The temperature at Ruennabaque was immediately noticeable being on average 32°C with high humidity. Next day, Tuesday 15.9.98, we went for a short boat trip of twenty minutes, up the river Beni. Our destination was the settlement, Commuidad Elsira. This was a welcome change from the dusty roads of the Yungas. Instead, there were no roads or vehicles, just lush vegetation and the opportunity to walk about or stand and stare, at leisure. The butterfly collectors hoisted up the baited traps while Paul, Susana and I went in search of tarantulas. This was the first opportunity to do some serious searching for tarantulas, as previously, the Yungas had been most unsatisfactory. After a short walk we came upon some thatched houses which were unlocked. In one corner was an empty nest of the Pink-toed tarantula, Avicularia avicularia. Further searching revealed two more nests but these were also empty. As I opened the door of another building I found that this was a chapel. There were many pews, so it was obviously well attended. On the altar were bottles of freshly picked flowers and a crucifix. After a few minutes, we left the peaceful atmosphere of the chapel to continue our search elsewhere. Partially hidden by trees were two dilapidated thatched buildings which by their appearance suggested that they were never used. I opened a door and went inside. It was dark and, as far as I could see, empty. As I knew we would return this way later, I decided to leave my camera bag here and just take with me a camera. A little further on, we met Frankie, a local Indian. After Paul and Susana had explained what we were looking for he became a very welcome helper. Frankie knew of some other thatched buildings and took us to them. They looked ideal habitats for avicularia. Frankie, with the aid of his ee step-pole, was up on the roof in a flash. It was not long before he had located an avicularia, which he manoeuvred into a plastic box and dropped it down in Paul’s open hands. We were to find a few more this way, but old empty buildings were not too plentiful and so we embarked on a walk-about in the woods, Frankie being our guide. Eventually we came to a stream where he caught a small catfish with his bare hands. No doubt he would consign this to his cooking pot. Taking a rest, Frankie sat down on a large boulder and posed for me so that I could take a portrait of him. 36 Volume 66 *© December 2007 233 Eventually, Frankie led the way back to his house where the butterfly collectors were already having their refreshments. Among the species collected or seen were Agrias, Prepona, Morpho, Papilio, Parides, Anaea, etc. In addition, I had observed several specimens of Colobura dirce resting on tree trunks along with Caligo idomeneus. Graham had come across my camera bag during his excursion and kindly brought it back to base. I had completely overlooked this! Graham had a good day, taking some fine video footage of butterflies and other interesting subjects. Apparently, the lepidopterists (Alistair, Philip and Frank) had such a good day on their first visit to Commuidad Elsira that they made two further visits. Paul, Don, Ian and I, led by Susana, travelled to Cervezoua, and went in search of tarantulas at a deserted stud farm. The owner had been killed in a flying accident, some years earlier. The property was now occupied by an Indian family. Susana had engaged a helper, Johnny, who brought with him a large axe which, at first, I wondered why. The stud farm was flat with numerous palm trees. Searching the trunks revealed signs of Avicularia nests behind the dead palm fronds. Now I could see why Johnny had the axe. Standing well back, he made one hefty stroke at the frond and it immediately fell away, revealing the Avicularia nest, complete with occupant, which turned out to be an immature female. We continued searching in Chis way lor some time: However, in places the dead fronds pulled away easily, revealing sometimes very long MESS Oh SOCK webs. Ore such sock web contained an adult female with male and several juveniles. Johnny did not appear to be too concerned about the taramtulas: but when we came upon a nest of paper wasps hanging from a branch, he moved away Avicularia avicularia. Female. Ex situ. sharply. Apparently he had a Photo: Ron Baxter fear of wasps. 234 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society ag I had photographed several nests and tarantulas as they appeared when disturbed. Under these conditions, one nest looks like the next. So I decided to wander quietly about alone, to see what I could discover. I found two more wasp nests, both different species and then I walked slowly and as quietly as I could, but even so, I could not prevent the occasional dead twig breaking under my feet. It was while navigating through the palm trees that I noticed, sunning itself on a palm trunk, some 20 feet away, a large female avicularia. 1 approached slowly and quietly, avoiding my shadow being cast by the sun, falling on the tarantula. I never trod on a twig or made any noise, but just before I was close enough to take this in situ photograph of an avicularia sunning itself, it was gone in a flash, safely inside its retreat. Although I was not aware that I made any sound in my approach, the vibrations as I walked would have been detected by the very long fine hairs (trichobothria) on the tarantula’s legs. These fine hairs are also capable of detecting air currents. Surprisingly, there were several species of butterflies on the wing. I noted a black and red Parides, flying low down, the ubiquitous Morpho, flying at speed and my first sighting of the beautiful day-flying moth, Urania leilus. Its wings were velvety green with bold black veins and long white tails, delicately trimmed with a lacy white fringe. The beautiful day-flying moth Urania leilus Photo: Graham Giles Volume 66 * December 2007 Photo: Graham Giles Caria mantinea Photo: Graham Giles 236 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 3 Towards the end of our trip, a visit was made across the river to San Buenaventura. This was a forested area rich in butterflies. At puddles, Papilio androgeus gathered in numbers. Nearby, a couple of P. lycophron was drinking from mud. While sunning itself on a large leaf was the beautiful metalmark, Caria mantinea. This small butterfly is a mixture of various shades of green, mauve, black and gold. It might have been small, but it was the most beautiful butterfly I saw during the trip. Another striking insect seen was a flag or leaf-footed Coreid plant bug. It was about 25mm in length and very slender. Its body and legs were green with black wings covering the abdomen. The hind legs were adorned with large flag or leaf-like extensions coloured blue, black and yellow. These bugs often feed on poisonous plants which make them unpalatable to predators so they advertise this by being conspicuous. While at Rurrenabaque we had been enjoying a temperature of around 32°C but on the last night of our trip, the weather changed dramatically. A heavy storm with torrential rain caused the temperature to plummet-to 18°C..By 28 0" leabiocted Gomi past Saturday morning, 19.9.98, the storm Ee ee had abated, but everywhere was very wet and the ground around trees was pink with fallen blossom. This was to be our last day at Rurrenabaque; our bags were loaded on the vehicles ready to take us to meet the plane. But owing to the airstrip being flooded, our flight to La Paz was delayed by five hours. At approximately 16.30 on Saturday 19.9.98, our plane, an Air Force Fokker F27 rumbled down the grass airstrip, passing a graveyard of rusty bits of planes, and gently became airborne. Our journey was nearing its end. An hour later we touched down at La Paz. Sunday and Monday were spent sightseeing and a trip to Lake Titicaca. On Tuesday, 22.9.98 we left La Paz at 14.00. After stopovers at Santa Cruz and Sao Paulo, we arrived back at Heathrow at 14.00, on Wednesday, 23.9.98. Back home, Graham came up with some interesting facts and figures. In the three weeks we were away we had travelled 15000 miles in five aircraft and covered at least 400 miles by road. dé Volume 66 * December 2007 237 A new location in Kent for the Harlequin Ladybird Harmonia axyridis Pallas and a location for the Roesel’s Bush-cricket Metrioptera roeselii by Keith C. Lewis (3080) Top Flat, 108 Park View Road, Welling, Kent, DAIO 1S]. I recently (3rd November 2007) received a telephone call from a non- entomologist friend to say that he had found a large ladybird with a lot of spots, climbing up the inside window frame of his kitchen near Dartford Heath, Kent, TQ5172. He asked could he bring it round to show me. My first thought before he came was that it could be a new site in Kent for the ladybird Harmonia axyridis, and this is what it proved to be. The general area where the beetle was found is very near to the site of the decommissioned mental hospital that is shown if you have a old A-Z map edition 13 1989. The site of the Bexley hospital covered a very large farm area, that included pigs, cows, and other livestock plus vegetables, as a rehabilitation programme for the patients. The site was cleared some years ago and housing built. I think it is called Bexley Village, which is a bit confusing as Old Bexley, Kent was also known as Bexley Village by people of my age — seventy-five. Dartford Heath was a very good location for beetles and moths during the 1940-1960s and I remember finding, with the aid of a torch, Small Elephant hawk moth larvae in numbers feeding on bedstraw, with AES member Mr J. H. Martin 2824 and the late L. Hugh Newman _ AES 503. Even as late as the 1960s it was still possible to find the _ Pyramidal Orchid and the Hare’s Foot Clover, Trifolium arvensis, both growing in a disused gravel pit. So it is surprising, as the heath is now _criss-crossed by major roads with pools of oil from parked cars, that the occasional unexpected insect is still found. On the 22nd July 2004 the same friend gave me a Roesel’s Bush-cricket, Metrioptera roeselii. The specimen was found near the heath and was a fully winged individual. Photographs of the long and short winged forms can be found on pages 38 and 104 of A Field Guide to the Grasshoppers and Crickets of Britain and Northern Europe by Heilo Bellmann (though the author’s name is spelt Bellman on the front cover and the book’s spine). References | A-Z Road Atlas of Great Britain Map 1989, Edition 13. _ Heiko Bellmann or Bellman (1988) A Field Guide to the Grasshoppers and Crickets of the | Britain and Northern Europe William Collins and Sons. London. yp i y | 238 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society tf Mothing on the Burren, Co. Clare, Ireland, 13-15 July 2007 by Paul Waring (4220) Windmill View, 1366 Lincoln Road. Werrington. Peterborough PE4 6LS. Over the weekend of 13-15 July 2007 the Munster Moth Group, with Ken Bond and me, held a workshop and field event based at the Carron Research Centre on the Burren, Co. Clare. The main aims were to provide training in the identification and recording of the moths of this beautiful and distinctive region of Ireland, and to survey several sites on the limestone pavement formations of the Burren and on the nearby coast at Bishopsquarter Beach, Flaggy Shore and Black Head. The last two sites have rocky shorelines with abundant Sea Pink or Thrift Armeria maritima and these were searched by day using a pheromone lure for the Thrift Clearwing Synansphecia muscaeformis. Although the weather was perfect while we were on Flaggy Shore and at Black Head from 11.30-14.00h on 14 July — warm, sunny, dry and not too windy — we saw no adult Thrift Clearwing nor found any Thrift plants with evidence of larval feeding in the form of browning tuffets and mined stems. We also tried here and on the Burren limestone for the Six-belted Clearwing Bembecia ichneumoniformis, using a different pheromone lure wherever the larval foodplant, Bird’s-foot Trefoil Loftus corniculatus, was frequent, but without success. The Six-belted Clearwing has not been recorded in Ireland to date. The Thrift Clearwing has been recorded from scattered locations around the coast of Ireland, including Co. Clare. Along the sandy beach at Bishopsquarter our party of 28 people operated a number of light-traps all night on 14 July, setting them during a splendid sunset (Photo 1). The total catches on this mild, calm, dry, starry night included well over one hundred White-line Dart Fuxoa tritici and a few Archer’s Dart Agrotis vestigialis from the beach vegetation and a number of Pod-lover Hadena perplexa capsophila, Campion H. rivularis and Lychnis H. bicruris which are dependent on the Sea Campion Silene maritima at this site. We also caught one Double Dart Graphiphora augur in good condition, probably originating from amongst the sparse woody vegetation growing on the landward side of the beach. The limestone pavement, Hazel scrub Corplus avellana and Ash woodland Fraxinus excelsior between the Perfumery and the Research ~ Station at Carron were sampled by light-traps on the night of 13 July, by — ¢ Volume 66 * December 2007 239 Lil Most of the group of amateur lepidopterists who attended the mothing workshop on the Burren, Co. Clare, 13-15 July 2007. day on the morning of 14 July and around the Field Centre on the night of 14 July. At the former we found a caterpillar of the Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk-moth Hemaris tityus, 1.5cm in length, green with distinctive red tail horn, swept from Devil’s-bit Scabious Succisa pratensis. Caterpillars of the Brindled Beauty Lycia hirtaria and Common White Wave Cabera pusaria were frequent on the Hazel. A single, fresh individual of the pink and yellow pyralid moth Pyrausta sanguinalis, the Scarce Crimson-and-Gold, was captured on the wing, filmed and released. This pyralid moth is very localised in the British Isles. The Burren is one of the few places with an extensive population. Light- trapping here produced three individuals of the Burren Green Calamia tridens occidentalis in fresh condition (Photo 1, inset). This was a pleasant surprise because Ken Bond and I had thought we might be slightly too early in July to be able to show the group this handsome and distinctive speciality of the Burren district. The Burren Green was first discovered in the British Isles here in 1949. It has since been _reported from various parts of the Burren, up to 30km inland and along the coast of Galway Bay west to Black Head, and on Fanore Strand. It 240 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society t can be fairly frequent in light-traps at peak season in late July and early August. Ken Bond once saw eighteen at the Carron Research Centre. The moth is presumed to occur all over the many square kilometres of limestone pavement that are such an extensive feature of the Burren, but the Burren Green is known from nowhere else in the British Isles. It is of interest to report that when one of these moths was released it took off and flew strongly over the open ground for at least 100m before settling. The species has been recorded from most parts of Europe except Great Britain. Other noteworthy moths we recorded at light near the Carron Research Centre included several of the second generation of the Sweetgale moth Acronicta euphorbiae myricae, several Dark Spectacle Abrostola triplasia, a Pretty Pinion Perizoma blandiata, a Chestnut- coloured Carpet Thera cognata, a Galium Carpet Epirrhoe galiata, the yellowish fawn form cognata of the Tawny-speckled Pug Eupithecia icterata, also a stronger marked form of the latter with metallic red markings on the forewings, and the form of the Straw Underwing Thalpophila matura also with similar but reddish-orange markings. The Four-spotted Footman Lithosia quadra, one of the target species for National Moth Night on 11 August 2007, was already on the wing in Ireland during the above workshop on the Burren. We recorded one male. This workshop on the Burren was attended by 28 people and included indoor illustrated presentations from Ken Bond on micro- moths, Angus Tyner on mapping Irish moths, John Murphy on the biological data-base for Co. Clare, and myself on field techniques, identification, habits and life histories. See the website for more details on moth recording in Ireland and the latest, developing distribution | maps for the Republic. covers moth issues in Northern Ireland. | I would like to thank all the above mentioned people, the Carron Research Centre, the Carron Perfumery, the Burren National Park and the Clare’s Rock Hostel for supporting and accommodating the event and Veronica Santorum, founder of the Munster Moth Group, and Sle O’Riordan, co-ordinator, for all their work to make it happen and run smoothly. This workshop was funded by the Heritage Council, which supports the Munster Moth Group and its aims. | Volume 66 * December 2007 241 Armyworms — a second site in the British Isles by Clive Craik (5990) Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA Astrid & Mark van der Kraan Glenbeg, Kilmelford, Oban, Argyll PA34 4XA Stephen Austin Scottish Natural Heritage, Glencruitten Road, Oban, Argyll PA34 4DN In 2006 and 2007, columns of armyworms were found at a second site in the British Isles. They were discovered at Kilmelford, about 29 km south-south-west of the original site at Barcaldine where they were first found in 2004. Both sites are near Oban in west Scotland. The spectacular moving columns known as armyworms contain tens of thousands of larvae of small flies belonging to the family Sciaridae (dark-winged fungus gnats). Column-forming larvae usually belong to the genus Sciara and, at Barcaldine in 2005, the adults were identified as Sciara militaris Nowicki, 1868 (Craik et al. 2005a, 2005b). Now the same species, or possibly a closely related one, has been found at Kilmelford (picture). The new site is at grid reference NM850135 [56°16’N 5°28’W]. Larval columns there were discovered by local residents Astrid and Mark van der Kraan, on a forest path a few hundred metres from their home. They first saw them in summer 2006 (on one or two days during 9-13 July) but only in small numbers. In 2007 many more columns appeared for a much longer period. They were first seen on 7 July, after heavy rainfall. From then until 8 August columns of various lengths and widths appeared almost daily, except on two or three hot days after a dry spell. In 2007 Astrid and Mark, and their neighbours at Kilmelford, observed several of the forms of behaviour that were described at Barcaldine in 2005 (Craik et al. 2006). These included an unbroken marching circle of larvae and columns that moved around obstacles such as stones or clumps of vegetation, sometimes forking into two branches as a result. In May 2007 the surface and edges of the path at Kilmelford had been scraped and cleared of young trees and other vegetation. This was part of normal forest management, to keep the path open to people and vehicles. The measure seems not to have harmed the species since, as noted above, columns were more numerous in July 2007 than in 20060. | There are interesting similarities between the Kilmelford and | Barcaldine occurrences. At each site, the path runs through a dense 242 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society Part of a column of sciarid larvae at Kilmelford, Argyll, on 15 July 2007. Each larva is about seven mm long. (Photo: Astrid van der Kraan) commercial plantation of sitka spruce Picea sitchensis and larval columns were confined to a stretch of about 30 metres of the path where daylight was just visible overhead between tall trees growing on each side. Very few or no columns were ever seen more than a metre or so away from the path. At each site, there is a drainage ditch on one side of the path and the columns often moved into and out of this ditch. At both sites, columns were relatively few in the first year, but much more abundant and appearing over a longer period in the second. Thus, at Barcaldine, about a dozen columns were seen in 2004 but an amazing 203 in 2005, then only two in 2006 and none in 2007. The trees at Kilmelford are believed to have been planted in 1974-75, those at Barcaldine in 1979-80. Both sites have connections with Sweden, where S. militaris occurs naturally. The trees at Kilmelford came from Greenhills nursery at Farnham in Surrey. At about the time that they were planted in Argyll, this nursery had a contract with the Swedish State Forest Service by which it received seed stock of Silver a Volume 66 * December 2007 243 Birch from Sweden and returned the young trees when large enough to be planted. Also, forestry staff are known to have used the Swedish- designed “Nissula” seedling system in Argyll in 1974-75. Like the transport of the young birches, this may well also have involved movements of vehicles, personnel, footwear and soil from Sweden QJ.C. Little, personal communication to S. Austin, autumn 2007). Some of the trees that were planted at the Barcaldine site also came from Sweden (Craik et a/. 2005b). It is thus possible that the species has been present at both Kilmelford and Barcaldine for many years but has been noticed only recently, perhaps because larval columns are not formed every year. Because the adult flies are reluctant to fly (see below), it is unlikely that the species could have spread naturally from one site to the other. When not moving in columns, the larvae live within the soil or leaf litter and so, like the eggs and pupae, are almost or wholly invisible to the passer-by. The adult flies are likewise inconspicuous. On 21 and 23 August 2007, at the Kilmelford site, Astrid van der Kraan saw a mass of “tiny flies, about 3mm long, hopping from clover leaf to clover leaf”. They were reluctant to fly when the leaf was touched by hand. This unwillingness to fly was a notable feature of adults reared from the Barcaldine larvae in 2005 (Craik et al. 2006). It is thus likely that the flies seen by Astrid had developed from the earlier larval columns. Species of Sciaridae must usually be identified by expert examination of the adult flies and cannot be identified from the larvae. The species at Kilmelford has still to be confirmed but is assumed to be S. militaris, as at Barcaldine. If larvae reappear at Kilmelford in 2008, some will be reared to adults in captivity for confirmation of identity. Much remains unknown about this species in the British Isles and we would be interested to learn of other sites where it may occur. We urge anyone walking in woodland in July to look out for these mysterious marching columns of maggot-like larvae. References Craik, J.C.A., Wormell, P., Smith, J. & Menzel, F. (2005a). Armyworms in West Scotland — a spectacular entomological discovery. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society 64: 68-69. Craik, J.C.A., Wormell, P., Smith, J. & Menzel, F. (2005b). Long columns of “army worms” in west Scotland — the first record of Sciara militaris Nowicki (Diptera, Sciaridae) in the British Isles? Dipterists Digest 12: 21-27. Craik, J.C.A., Wormell, P. & Austin, S. 2006. Armyworms (Dip: Sciaridae) in West Scotland in 2005. Entomologist’s Record 118: 115-122. 244 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society a Peter William Cribb (2700) — A Dedication by David Marshall (3972) “Huthnans”, Keeble Park, Perranwell Station, Truro, Cornwall, TR3 7NL. I count myself lucky that Peter and I were good friends for many years and shared entomological holidays for most of that time. In the 1960s, 70s and 80s he was a tower of strength to the Society in so many ways. Amongst other things Peter would give a detailed report on each year’s Continental ento-safari. There may still be a few members who recall times with the group on these memorable occasions. For me such recollections are fabulous and evergreen. Peter was not just a lepidopterist par excellence, he was widely knowledgeable across a vast spectrum of natural history. I had intended to submit an entry for the October 2003 Bulletin to mark the tenth anniversary of his death. Unfortunately my wife died at that time and the sky fell in on my life. Now I find that I am able to attend to this matter, however belatedly. A Very Special Man My friend, a man of Sussex, enjoyed an active life: A true devoted family man with a devoted wife. He held the key to nature’s store of bounteous gifts bestowed, A balanced understanding through his thinking flowed. We roamed the forests and the fields, the Alps and Pyfenees: Refreshed ourselves in crystal streams and breathed the mountain breeze. A cheerful optimistic man he did not moan or groan, His happy ‘Hello Dave’ now gone from my telephone. On days of flowers and butterflies I look up to the sky; A smile then spreads across my face yet moisture veils my eye, Or as the light fades and the shades of dreary darkness fall I hear once more the Nightjar and the Scops Owl call. (In memoriam 31st October 1993) 36 - Volume 66 °¢ December 2007 245 Catocala nupta at Banbury, Oxfordshire by David Keen (3309L) Calle Casto Bancalero 11,41650 El Saucejo, Sevilla, Spain. Whilst not wishing to be pedantic, I feel that in order to put the record straight, I should comment on the article by K. F. Williams that appears under this heading on page 238 in the December 2006 issue of the Bulletin. By referring to my own contribution on pages 116 and 117 of the June 2006 issue you will find that I make no reference to the rarity or Otherwise of this species in Oxfordshire. I was merely recording items of interest that came my way during my last summer in England and these, by pure coincidence, included the two appearances of the moth in question. Unfortunately, work commitments during the 22 years that I lived in Banbury severely reduced my leisure time and, in particular, my bug- hunting activities. References Keen David. 2006. Letter from Spain. The Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society, 65 (466) 115-118. Williams K F. 2006. Catocala nupta at Banbury, Oxfordshire. The Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society, 65 (469) 238. Some Observations on the Red Underwing Catacola napta, Linn. by Bob Watts (7875) Honeymead, Back Lane, Kingston Seymour, Clevedon, North Somerset, BS21 0XB This is not a scientific study but observations of an amateur entomologist over more than twenty years from the early 1980s to 2007. | live just outside Clevedon in Somerset and have a stone built house. I soon noticed after moving in, during 1980, that throughout August and September Red Underwings would rest during the day on the stone _work. Sometimes I would check two or three times a day and find that some had moved and others may have arrived after being disturbed | from elsewhere. During most years the numbers ranged from thirty to | 246 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society ad fifty. About forty was the average. The most recorded in one day was six. Up to 2005 the average stayed fairly constant but in 2006 the numbers crashed with only four being observed, though I may have missed a few days’ observation. So this year 2007 I decided to make a special effort to check at least once a day during the flight period. This was done with only one being recorded during the whole season; this was seen in early August. I am not saying that this is a national trend but I would like to hear from anyone else who has observations on this species. Oil Beetles in my garden by David Keen (3309L) Calle Casto Bancalero 11, 41650 El Saucejo, Spain. On page 252 of the December 2006 issue of the Bulletin I commented on the occurrence of the oil beetle Meloé variegatus in this area in 2005. I am pleased to say that with a-bit more time available I can report that there were even more specimens here in 2006. From the middle of April until the middle of May females crossing the local roads were a very common sight. They also turned up for the first time in my own garden and on most days during this four week period I had at least three of them in the flower bed at the same time. They could be seen eating a variety of leaves that had fallen onto the ground. When in reach, they also took to eating leaves on low growing plants such as Geranium. It was also very pleasing to see, on many occasions, the females digging holes and laying eggs. They were particularly careful in selecting the nest site — always close to a flowering plant — and several times I saw holes abandoned before completion due to the soil being either too compact or too powdery. In the case of the latter, the beetle would give up the overwhelming task of trying to remove the ever increasing quantity of soil grains from her hole. The holes were excavated by all six legs being used to remove the soil particles, as the beetle buried itself vertically until only the tip of her abdomen was visible. Then she would clamber out and re-enter the hole tail first to lay her eggs. Once this was completed — the time taken being between half and one hour — she would fill in the hole and return to eating leaves. |] Volume 66 * December 2007 247 On the 24 April I visited the nature reserve near the village of Fuente de Piedra, Malaga Province, to see the flamingos. Whilst there, I noted that the females of the oil beetle seemed to walking over or along every path — much to the consternation of a group of school children and their teacher. On one particular path between corn fields, I counted well over 20 specimens on a ten metre stretch. It was on this path that I saw the one and only male seen in 2006. I was also interested to learn from a Spanish neighbour that these beetles are called escarabajo del acaite (oil beetle) whereas just about every other beetle seems to be referred to simply as a beetle. Reference Keen David 2006. Letter from Spain. The Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society, 65 (469) 251-2. Can pheromones be the answer to tomato predation? _ by Alan Bolitho (793) 23 Homewood Avenue, Cuffley, Hertfordshire, EN6 4QQ. Summoned by a distraught tomato grower to identify the predator of his prize plants and fruit was the beginning of a frustrating investigation. Not having met with this problem I was unable to give a ready answer. A larva was found but not immediately identified and quickly pupated. Being late in the season, basic precautionary measures were taken to change the soil in the greenhouse and wash every nook _and cranny. This was a no pesticide establishment. Next season larvae were again found and an example sent to the RHS for identification and advice. The moth was identified as the “Tomato |Moth” and the advice was to use pesticides. Fortunately the pupa jhatched and the moth immediately recognised as Lacanobia oleracea, the Bright Line Brown Eye. | Seeing an article by Adrian Wander and Jon Clifton — Guide to | Clearwing Pheromones, published by Anglian Lepidopterist Supplies, | proposing the use of pheromone lures to attract the moth, I enquired i (oeines they would be effective in some form to attract Lacanobia \ 248 Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society t ] oleracea and keep them from the tomato plants. This was thought to be possible and suitable samples obtained to try. To entrap the moth I adapted a form of Robinson trap with the pheromone as the attraction and a current of air to waft through the trap and entice the moths down wind and into the trap as they entered the greenhouse. The trap was in place as soon as the moth put in an appearance in my light trap, some half a mile distant from the greenhouse site. Although this year realised the lowest numbers of the moth in the light trap; only nine specimens, compared with an average of 28 and a peak of 65 over the last ten years, not a single moth appeared in the pheromone trap. The moth nevertheless was present in the greenhouse as evidenced by a few larvae on the plants. Next year I intend to use a new improved version of the trap, but if any member has any experience in this approach or has been more successful in the use of pheromones or any other method to tackle this problem, I would be pleased to hear. SubscriptionVoucher Scheme The Society is pleased to announce a new scheme whereby a member will receive a voucher entitling them to a reduction of £5 off the following year’s adult subscription for each new member they introduce to the Society, providing the new member has not been a member of the Society in the last two year’s. A maximum of three vouchers may be used for any one years adult subscription, and the vouchers are non- transferable. At current subscription levels, this would mean the adult subscription would be reduced for you to £13.50 if you introduce one new member to the Society, and an increase in membership can only help the Society continue to grow in strength. Can any member who wishes to take part in the scheme by introducing a new member, please write to the Society at the usual address giving details of the potential new member. Your voucher will be sent to you after the new member has enrolled. Peter May, Hon Treasurer Nick Holford, Registrar aé Volume 66 * December 2007 249 Book Review North West Wales Lepidoptera Report 2004 Compiled by John Harold and Andrew Graham and published by Moelyci Environmental Centre, Lon Felin Hen, Tregarth, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 4BB, or office@moelyci.org. 147 pages, A4 format, ~ comb bound with card cover, price &5 from the address above. Reports from other years are also available. | This impressive report covers the Watsonian Vice-Counties of | Merionethshire (VC48), Caernarvonshire (VC49) and Anglesey (VC52). _ The introduction reviews important events in the study of Lepidoptera | in the year of publication followed by an explanation of the | presentation of each record. This includes nomenclature, status, _ locations and a note on verifying rare or difficult species, for some _ species there is a brief comment on any recent change of status. fe Over 90,000 records of 839) species. are listed with their scientific, English and Welsh names. Each species’ record is split into three sections covering the three Vice-Counties. The records are presented in _ one of two formats. For up to nine records of a species in each Vice- County each record is given. This includes the site name, map reference (to four or six figures), date, recorder and possibly a comment. For ten or more records a condensed format is used which gives the total number of specimens seen, the date range, the list of 1km squares in which they were seen, and the list of recorders. This appears to be a -sensible compromise that prevents the necessity of listing every record for the very common species. The book closes with an index containing a mixture of scientific and ‘English names and, although it is not difficult to use, I would normally expect these two lists to be separate. More surprising is that only the complete scientific name is indexed (e.g. Noctua pronuba), species only names (e.g. pronuba) are not listed at all. (ihe authors. are to be praised for the care they have taken, in compiling this report; in an evening spent looking through the records I did not find any mistakes. This is an excellent record of both micro- and macro-lepidoptera and will be invaluable to anyone studying moths in these three counties. Colin Hart B BRITISH BUTTERFLIES ent THROUGHOUT THE YEAR This new book from the AES describes the adults of different species of British butterflies, according to the time of year + they appear on the wing. Nearly all the 60 British species are illustrated. Focussing on encouraging an interest in entomology among the young, and the young at heart, there is a helpful calendar of flight times and a useful checklist to help you keep track of your observations . Price:£3.80 (Members): £5.00 (Non-Members) (inc. p&p) AES Publications 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA Tel: 01277 224610 E-mail: aespublications @ btconnect.com aurelianbooks.co.uk ——V/ Vi new website now launched The Best FOR NEW AND OLD BOOKS British Lepidoptera And we still do catalogues! ——S 9/9/39 ee Contact David Dunbar at Aurelian Books 31 Llanvanor Road, London, NW2 2AR, UK 020 8455 9612 0777 176 1050 ** 44 20 8455 9612 2 L- oaf oer : ee SL. Ayrnanr 200 Books about butterflies, moths, dragonflies, rotlec awd athor tncartc beetles arid Over tnmsects A Photographic Guide to the A Photographic Guide to the Shieldbugs and Squashbugs Grasshoppers and Crickets of the British Isles of Britain and Ireland Martin Evans and Roger Edmondson Martin Evans and Roger Edmondson ilustrates all of the resident Britisn species. All of the resident, vagrant and introduced species in A page of colour photographs for each bug. Britain, Ireland, the isle of Man & the Channel Islands. Text describing the life-history of each species. Identification features, life histories & habitats. Life-history tables for quick reference. Photographs of the adults, nymphs & colour forms. The vagrants & former residents described. Distribution maps of the resident species. Side by side photographs of the adults. Photographic key to the adults. Soft cover, 123 pages, over 200 photographs. Hard cover, 183 pages, over 580 colour photographs. £14.95 (inc. postage in the UK) £21.95 {inc. postage in the UK) Special offer: Buy both books for £33.00 (inc. postage in the UK) To order, send a cheque to WGUK, 6 Branscombe Road, Stoke Bishop, Bristol, BS9 1SN or order online at wildguideuk.com orders received later than 19" December may not arrive by Christmas a Flies, flies, flies! Did you know that there are about 6,700 species of fly in Britain ranging from the largest “daddy long legs’ to the smallest “moth fly’ the size of a pin head? Flies can be beautiful, fascinating and spectacular. There are ones that mimic striped wasps and others that mimic fluffy bees (and neither sting!) not to mention the picture wing flies — modern art indeed. Joining the Dipterists Forum means a whole new area of interest can open up to you — only £6 per year basic rate. This gives an interesting newsletter and the chance to learn from enthusiastic fly experts at our workshop and our three Field Meetings a year around the country. A special Beginner’s Workshop (introduction to Fly Families) is organised at the FSC Preston Montford venue for 7-9 Mar 2008. For details see these websites: www.dipteristsforum.org.uk www.field-studies-council.org/prestonmontford Amateur Being a member of the Royal Entomological Society and the Amateur Entomologists’ Society has the advantage of discount on all our publications. Discounts are only available if the subscriptions are fully up to date. Single copies only may be purchased on discount. Postage & Entomologists’ Society British Butterflies throughout the year by Peter May This new book from the AES describes the adults of different species of British butterflies, according to the time of year they appear on the wing. Nearly all the 60 British species are illustrated. Focussing on encouraging an interest in entomology among the young, and the young at heart, there is a helpful calendar of flight times and a useful checklist to help you keep track of your observations. £5.00 Members price £ 3.80 Preparing and maintaining a collection of Butterflies and Moths by P. May and M. White. A practical manual detailing the various methods used to prepare specimens for a collection, from killing methods, setting the specimens and repairing damaged ones, to storage and preservation, including pest prevention and cure. 21 pages. 4 figures and 5 plates. (2006) £4.85 Members price £3.65 The Hymenopterist’s Handbook by Dr. C. Betts er. al. 2nd edition dealing with the history of their families, classification and structures: natural history; studying, collecting, breeding, attracting and preserving Hymenoptera. Appendices include keys to the families. 214 pages with numerous tables, keys and figures (1986) £11.45 Members price £ 8.60 Revised Flight Tables for the Hymenoptera Revised flight tables for the Hymenoptera giving, wherever possible, times, location, flower visits and some indication of distribution and abundance. 24 pages (1988) £ 3.10 Members price £2.35 A Coleopterist’s Handbook Edited by J.Cooter & M.V.L.Barclay The Coleopterist’s Handbook, is now available as a fully revised and expanded fourth edition. Nomenclature has been brought inline with current use, collecting/curatorial methods reflect best practice and plant/beetle and beetle/plant lists are included together. Recent additions to the British fauna, modem and traditional techniques are included. All advice and comment given in the book is based upon collective years of practical experience of both curatorial methods and field craft: beetle family chapters have each been wnitten by an internationally recognised authority. 496 pages including 32 colour plates. £54.00 Members price £ 39.00 Host plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations A list of a wide range of plants, in alphabetical order, together with the beetle species that have been recorded as being associated with them. 24 pages (1992) £3.10 Members price £ 2.35 A Silkmoth Rearer’s Handbook by B.O.C. Gardiner SPECIAL OFFER PRICE £ 7.70 No further discounted price available A Dipterist’s Handbook by A.E. Stubbs, P.J. Chandler and others A practical handbook for both the beginner and the initiated on collecting, breeding and studying the two-winged flies. Describes equipment, trapping, preservation, habitat, plant and animal associations and behaviour. Includes a detailed chapter on larval stages with an illustrated key to families. An essential book for the keen Dipterist. 260 pages with drawings of larvae and equipment (1978, reprinted 1996) £14.20 Members price £ 10.60 Practical Hints for Collecting and Studying the Microlepidoptera by P.A. Sokoloff. A practical manual for those interested in the smaller moths, describing techniques for collecting adult moths, collecting immature stages, breeding, killing, setting and mounting. A list of useful books and journals as well as details of societies and suppliers is included. 40 pages, 11 figures (1980) £4.20 Members price £3.15 Rearing and Studying Stick and Leaf-Insects by PD. Brock Specifically intended for beginners, although it is also suitable for expenenced Phasmid enthusiasts, itis one of the few guides to rearing that features the majority of the culture stocks available, 22 species in detail. The informative text is complimented by § colour plates, 14 black and white plates and 29 figures. (New edition, 2003) £11.20 Members price £ 8.20 The Study of Stoneflies, Mayflies and Caddisflies by TT. Macan A comprehensive guide to collecting and studying the biology and ecology of these aquatic insects, 44 pages, 10 figures and bibliography (1982) £4.20 Members price £ 3.15 Breeding the British Butterflies by PW. Crabb A practical handbook covering all aspects of butterfly breeding, including general techniques, equipment and hints on how to breed each of the British species. 60 pages. 6 figures, 5 plates, Revised (2001) £5.20 Members price £ 3.85 Practical Hints for the Field Lepidopterist by |W. Tux Written at the turn of the century, this book has been reprinted because of its scarcity and value to students of Lepidoptera. It gives a complete month by month guide to which species and stages of macros and micros to look for and how to find them. Also contains a biological account of the early stages and how to keep, rear, photograph and describe them, 422 pages. Hardback. (Reprinted 1994) £ 24.00 | Members price £ 18.30 All the above publications sent post free to U.K. addresses. Outside U.K. please add 10% to order value for postage by surface For postage by air-mail outside Europe please add 30% to order value. Please allow 28 days delivery. Please make all cheques/postal orders payable to ‘AES Publications’ and send to: AES Publications, 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA. Telephone 01277 224610 * Fax: 01277 262815 « E-mail: aespublications @ btconnect.com Packing - Free to U.K. addresses, Overseas add 10%. An index to the modern names for use with J.W. Tutt’s Practical Hints for the Field Lepidopterist by B.O.C_ Gardiner A valuable cross-reference guide between the scientific and English names used im the early 1900s and the present time. £4.70 Members price £350 A Guide to Moth traps and their use by R_ Fry and P. Waring The first sections deal with the measurement and properties of light leading mto the types of lamp available and the electrical circuits needed to operate them. The next sections sive 7 details of the construction of the most popular traps used in the UK_ The last half deals © with the practical use of traps in the field including where and when to trap. limitations of 7 traps and their relative performance. 68 pages, 21 figures, 15 plates (1996) £635 7 Members price £ 315 The Amazing World of Stick and Leaf Insects by Pau! D. Brock A superb, comprehensive guide, for all those intrigued by these groups of insects. Topacs covered include structure, fascinating facts, life history and development. defence behaviour, enemies, collecting, breeding (including trouble shootins), preserving taxonomic studies, important collections mm Museums etc. around the world and elaborate stories, beliefs and poems. Also outlines the major known species around the world on a regional basis. A section on Fossils ts included. Includes a comprehensive glossary of the technical terms used in the description and classification of stick and leaf-insects. Hardback A5, 184 pages, 46 figures, 26 black and white plates and 40 paces of colour plates (containing 83 photographs and 4 drawings/paintines of imsects aad their habitats). (1999) £18.98 Members price £ 14.10 Rearing Parasitic Hymenoptera by M. Shaw This booklet provides information on the parasitic Hymenoptera to enable successful studies to be made of this little understood group of the Bntish insect fauna. Details ae given on the general biology of parasitic wasps, rearing principles, efficient rearing practices and detailed methods of dealing with adult wasps. 52 pages. + colour plases (New edition — 2001) . £3 Members price £ 420° Larval Foodplants of the British Butterflies by Peter May A comprehensive compilation of the known larval foodplants of our native and immigrast butterflies. Also including “How to Encourage Butterflies to Live in Your Garden” by Ge late Peter Cribb 62 pages. (2003) £7. Members price £ SAS; Glossary for the Young Lepidopterist £ Le 6 pages, 2 figures. (1951) Members price £ A Label List of European Butterflies £23 20 pages. (Revised 1981) Some British Moths Reviewed Aid to the identification of some of the more difficult species. Reprinted from Amateur Entomologist Vol. 5 (1941) and a Guide to the Critical Species of Lepidk repnnted from Entomologists’ Gazette 1969-72. 64 pages, 6 black and white numerous figures (1985) Members price £ 1.85 £ Members price £ 335) Butterflies of Cyprus 1998 (Records of a years sightings) by Eddie Ie Observations of the 44 species of butterfly found on the island in 1998 including on each species and distnbuton maps. 46 pages (2000) £ Members price £ Collecting Het.Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) £1 12 pages (including 2 plates). (1946) Members price £ Collecting Clearwings £ 12 pages (including 2 plates), 4 figures. (1946) Member: price £ Collecting Lacewings £ 9 pages, 8 figures, 5 plates. (2nd edition 1976) Members price £ An Amateur’s Guide to the Study of the Genitalia of Lepidoptera 16 pages, 15 figures. (1973) £3.10 Members price £ Rearing the Hymenoptera Parasitica £ 16 pages, | plate, 10 figures. (1974) Members price £ Rearing Crickets in the Classroom £ 12 pages, 2 plates. (1986) (Reprinted 1993) Members price £1 Guidelines for Entomological Site Surveys £ Published on behalf of the JOCBI. 7 pages (2000) (Reprinted 2003) Members price £ The Journal of the Entomological Exchange and Co: Club 1935-1936 An AES Jubilee Publication. Fascinating reprint of the very first volume of the journal. 100 pages £ Members price £3 Sponge “Insects and the future of the world — our role” A joint event with the Members of the Natural History Museum Saturday, 26th April, 2008 in the Fiett Events Theatre and Foyer National History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD (Nearest Tube: South Kensington. Use the Museum entrance in Exhibition Road) AGENDA Main theatre 12:30 pm— 12:40 pm 1:00 pm 1:05 pm 1:35 pm 2:05 pm 2:50 pm 3:20 pm 3:50 pm AES Members meet up and collect their programme AES AGM (All AES & Bug Club Members to attend) Sign up for behind-the-scenes tours Are termites really cockroaches? (Or, taxonomy and the future of the world). Dr Paul Eggerton, Natural History Museum, London What butterflies and moths are telling us about the future of the world. Zoe Randle, Butterfly Conservation Behind-the-scenes tours (45 mins each) Museums and the future of the world. Darren Mann, Oxford University Museum of Natural History. Inaugural Tesch Lecture and AES Presidential Address: Natural History and the Future of the World. Professor Mike Majerus, Cambridge University Behind-the-scenes tours (45 mins each) In the event of high demand the tours will each be run twice (12-15 people each time). Foyer Refreshments stand — AES Membership Table — NHM Table AES Literature Table — Affiliates Table (Moths Count & National insect Week) AES Members’ & Live Insects table — AES Conservation Table Crafty Corner (insect related craft activities) Display of entomological equipment from the Simpson Collection Microscopy workshop — AES Members’ exhibits Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Volume 66 © Number 475 December 2007 CONTENTS Editorial :..2 2402. c2sc.ccd.oetoe, teas bebe ceaw scene ete 209 AES Events Calendar-2008 2500. .i5. 35. c25.012 5025.2 icee ec sestss eee ee 210 | Marren, P. BUGS BRITANNICA: We want your-help.....<.....2:.2:...2.--0s-seaee ee Sutton, P. G. Harlequin Ladybirds in Bushy Park and other autumnal observations in 2007 Se anes Lath swe dciste hp eeee scan nay eabee se ttt acankeasboudetoaceenaneins aiecbeea mee tee Seine ene ee 214 Fremlin, M. Monitoring ladybirds under-an Oak tree ....:...........--.c-----ccseeeeceeeeceeeeeeeeeeececeee 221 Baxter, R. N. On the-road to Runenmabaque® i222: -.--02.seencenceeseeeneneyenee a ee Lewis, K. C. A new location in Kent for the Harlequin Ladybird Harmonia axyridis Pallas and a location for the Roesel’s Bush-cricket Metrioptera roeselii .............0::ce000e0 237 Waring, P. Mothing on the Burren, Co. Clare, Ireland, 13-15 July 2007 ..................... 238 Craik, C., van der Kraan, A. & M. and Austin, S. Armyworms — a second site in the British [SUES <..wecnsne'snnasadons cndubsondasensvthecuasnsnenchthecehwcleenstacnistaak a danisantctawecss task er 241 Marshall, D. Peter William Cribb°@2700) — A. Dedication «2. 6.0..0...00c555..--nnccceneneencpueneunnoce 244 Keen, D. Catocala nupta at Banbury, Oxfordshire. ...................scs-.ccscccnsdecesswsneennasnentetnenees 2A Watts, B. Some Observations on the Red Underwing Catacola napta, Linn.................--. 245 Keen, D. Oil Beetles In MY Barden vevisssccsesnacessdsnenarccsnacehnwcdneancaiecunensee ee eee 246 Bolitho, A. Can pheromones be the answer to tomato predation? .............:csceeeeeeeeeeeees 247 Book Review North West Wales hepidopteta Report 2004 ......0. ccnentSensnvsaconcctncecsscesonncaensncteanaaeesnnuncaoeoe 249 2007. The Amateur Entomologists’ Society. Registered Charity No. 267430 All rights reserved Printed by Cravitz Printing Co. Ltd., 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA. HISTORY saree ty: 26 JUN 2008 : iy se _., PRESENIED at me Aaear UE ionibiogn’ Society ‘OMOLOGY LIBRARY . World list abbreviation Bull. amat. Ent. Soc. Registered Charity No. 267430 Index to The Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society Vol. 66 (2007) Edited by Dr Phil Wilkins and Martin Hough and to Invertebrate Conservation News Nos. 52, 53, 54, (2007) Edited by Dr David Lonsdale Index compiled by Jacqueline Ruffle Published by The Amateur Entomologists' Society P.O. Box 8774, London SW7 5ZG ISSN 0266-836X © The Amateur Entomologists’ Society All Rights Reserved SS Sem USE BU WU YW Van HISTORY say teen is / 26 JUN 2008 INDEX OF CONTRIBUTORS” HeobA ico eaNaraly SNTOMOL OGY LIBR Agsue / Pages A AES NES) GOES Celleima ie ZOU eee on ee eo oe Oe 28 475: 210-11 Secoudwalronmees joint Northern Exhibstiom .i2<...<:.0eeeves cd cc ccnceas felis oe cok oso de oo da beds ee ed ocdneeean 472: 90-91 TEINS JIS OYROD. JNGTPIOI | je psebaSu sa eR sea SE Seet see ec a as er al k OO ea Ne 473: 132 Eine Bien eU Orel vA NTELTG S sasoconc sabes aR Sea See bat ae ae Se oe =a 473: 132 Al-Fulaij, Nida Beiy tga uekers 10m Stay: Decl es LWCaZUS COPIES... nchestioncchsnsccdveahsesisessedsasedenscceciaqeseesatacees 73: 165-166 AUSEI, SUR OSTS Gea Crean fey CRIS essen a ne aes er ear a Sen ee Oe 475: 241-43 B Baker, Peter Same PasteMevondepidoptera:(ixiibbit: REPOrts)) . 5. Secs: s.scsle. oo 508 ES soe ss Sag 2edse00edeendenesssgeesendeoeess 470: 6 BS AGEN O MES Ce WCC AUN yee aaron Dy tea ce fens caetebass us danaiececd sod chesanshWexvagegadioesasadenecsest AV 2a =1 23 Baxter, Ronald N. One neroacdkeoshainrenapaquese nse tne. S2 tect. a SR Os a SO a 475: 224-36 BySEUBe, Lorerere 7d B Los bray are LEI «eee ss a ete eRe near oni 470: 38-39 Berman, Henry Bumble bees and social wasps (Hymenoptera) (Exhibit Reports) .............::cccccssecceeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeees 470: 7 Bolitho, Alan rn pleromones be the answer totomato predation? ....525....-....-kecceceecorec oe-ochesensseresteees 475: 247-48 Brown, Peter see: Pascoe, Steven Brown, Peter, Roy, Helen, Ware, Remy & Majerus, Michael Recording the spread of an alien ladybird, Harmonia axyridis, in the UK (Exhbit Reports)470: 17-18 C Caswell, Wesley Wiaspabcetlen Giycaizrzerts) Col: GerambyCidae” cc. ..cc.....cc-0oc2 oe vesenenceceses end oneee cvsecscth ean tuvthacaetes 474: 185 Cottle, N. Brachythemis leucosticta (Burmeister, 1839) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae): a new dragonfly species for Cyprus, & Trithemis arteriosa (Burmeister 1839): a rarely recorded dragonfly species in Cyprus........ ER SE eee ee rE ue is aiden deem ah on emepE ENGR ceeibele scsi abishewiichie Sere hvdas ddsendoiomur rte nude swepiopsobincins.apiet 471: 59-62 Craik, Clive; Austin, Stephen & Kraan, van der, Astrid & Mark ENEMY ORMisi=-aseCONG. Siteim the British ISlesy. 2 2255..-kedee-ceve denne desc cnencca@derius+sesesove sons 475: 241-43 F Ferris, Michael WidiilidyaNochs (Moro mara Vi.) LOOSTING » -2.x.eveace cc ese -sod soe se es Seace ssnstaeeedesdaecietas snenctveseeteere 470: 39 Fremlin, Maria Intra-guild predation of harlequin ladybird larvae by lacewing larvae ..................:0.0065 472: 110-116 Meant OnMinenlacy(kcsS UMGeraiN Oak CLCCL 5 ..2e.cesioaiesteesueee-toiesoes cence esscsnes tuebec cece Nowaas ane 475: 221-23 G Gardiner, Brian O.C. Six months in my CB4 Cambridge garden, winter 2006 to spring 2007 ......2...222:::cc1eceeeeeee 474: 181 Gardiner, Chris Looking at leaf mines (Exhibiteports).2.22--- 2-22-22. -0c<22 coe been omega ea ee 470: 7-8 George, Bob Distribution of British Siphonaptera (fleas) (Exhibit Reports) .........0...200:ccseeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 470: 9-10 Geevory, Steve see’ Lee, Pals) vas, conte oe a eee 472: 117-123 H Halstead, Andrew Two leaf miners on balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) (Exhibit Reports) ..............2.::eeeeee- 470: 10 Hatch, Stephen A selection of moths recorded from Scotland between 25th June and 25th July 2004-2006 (Exhibit REPOS) ¥.o2 Sad ccnagensctbecivesducie Oe eege: cnuanadeannuasieansts sess Beseeasu slo ee ie es op are 470: 10-12 Hatch, Stephen A selection of moths seen for the first time in 2006 (Exhibit Reports) ............. i Pee ee 470: 12-15 Hibbert, Rosemiranda Meloe rugosus (Marsham) Coleoptera; Meloidae®. <...3 <<<... ccsces..eiarcecascessosacosdgesesocsecqachsoass btacstancdneeecd 472: 126 Visit to Whixall Moss National Nature Reserve and Prees Heath, Shropshire, 2006 .....474: 186-187 Keaanivanider, Astrid, & Mark see Craik, Clive ..c...0./.cccc.ccecccehseesseendesclicccveeedecceeebeca: 475: 241-43 L Lee, Paul; Barber, Tony & Gregory, Steve Collecting centipedes, millipedes and woodlice: The true story............::ssssccceccceeeeeeeeeees 472: 117-123 Mewise DWatyadldusee Holford 2 NiCke oiiii02. se sich -doccenescteecssorecbogscseesorcheesncecnestncdgsanccteornaneoes 470: 38-39 Lewis, Dafydd Harley Books: The final chapter: An interview with Basil and Annette Harley ................. 471: 43-53 MSPS MMS MIDIS (as Mt CAVE SCOR AY etcy nese tar cca nee nethe ness de sch coeuusocec es cesetacersptewaros tae ebetepreecteesieaee 472: 129-130 Obtaining ova of the Winter Moth Operophtera brumata (L.) Lep.: Geometridae.............. 474: 195-197 Lewis, Keith C. Abetationsieltue antennaeot British Coleoptera.....cs.t:..0--:seces--cececcrsaacccccecescecdadessesuaascestete 472: 128 New location in Kent for the Harlequin Ladybird Harmonia axyridis Pallas & a location for the INGESElEsB USI CHICK EL WVICIIOPLEV A TORSCLIL 2.005 succes eancteesuoslnnssnenes vonvacsnesavidjeuosnacjmeenracecahenteainis AWS 239) Some unpublished Coleoptera records from the collection of Henry George Colley, born 1898, died IR) Cees eS err Seber wean este raise onjoaecte Seaeaeomannsdta dyads wa vatonsextwrsascReeeeede 474: 182-183 Swarm of the garden Chafer (Phy/lopertha horticola) Coleoptera: Scarabeidae ..............:.:cccee 474: 197 M Macadam, Craig Conserving Seotland'’simyertebrates -+ ssa saevoucde svarensdvecnagevastsdeogedeosentesesees 470: 26-27 Tytheridge, Scott Tropical millipedes and African giant land snails (Exhibit Reports)..............c::cceeesseeeeeteeeeeeeees 470: 27 Ww Walker, J.A. THEE WBE EAS ERSTE Wir 10s" | ON Vez ery a ene eee eee nee ee ene Pa oe 471: 54-58 Wide sive imygse Cus LOW Il, COL ies sic. wosseewsiooaeche naseawn sive vectubonoedeazectseesia coseesdocet-gvaeds Wade deeese 470: 17-18 Ware, Remy: Majerus, Michael: Roy, Helen & Brown, Peter Intraguild predation of immature coccinellid stages by the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis CEEZ RII eit RET SOV EES)) Baoe octet cise es ae aac ea RIC nea ee ee 470: 16-17 Waring, Paul Moths as omens of good and bad fortune (Exhibit Reports)................:::ccccsscceceessceseeneceeeees 470: 27-28 Mocrhine onthe Burren;,Co-Clare, Ireland, 13-15 July 2007 <.....2.01.cc2.cc tect Moceeee ee ebeee 475: 238-40 Rolpncmpgasam bassadortormoths (Exhibit Reports) .....0....cccvensercevacsssveorsessenncssvernconvarnnes 470: 28-30 Watts, Bob Some observations on the Red Underwing Catacola napta (sic.), Lint.........cccccceeeeeeeeseeeees 475: 245-46 Winokur, Len More noteworthy moths and a caddis fly from London Zoo (Exhibit Reports) .................-- 470: 30-33 Nt canto pl ata tee see se MAI CTaS, Matra ioe SA siessanctdddaccantyesdedcedeecosgedeauuadenensatepecendeanteoeesasoves 473: 136-139 SUBJECT INDEX Issue / Pages Aberrations Abetrations-of the antennae off British Coleoptera....c.2222-:cecseeeeeces oe -eree eee 472: 128 AES VATISOE SC Wat > ces fo aacbacacaoe rosette te Noo ee ena s apd ee ee ea te SAR ee ae ae 473: 132 Bradfordiaweard teen Jc a eiacce ce vne cactus ahs vai lac tan eeeeecet estat eae ee 473: 132 Second-AES/RES joint Northern: Exhsbrtioin 2225s one aere-s eens eee 472: 90-91 Data Protection ACt. 2... .i5 uc episten icine sectec ig eease ie pissc ores 2 vedas OCD eat 1 nena ee 470: 2-4 ExhtiDit-f€ poles. 0.0. vors-se secu -caGgeoe cnc Geta et oe Dae tee cesave cae on eatee Ol crest oe 472: 92-109 leseems must like yesterday 0). .2iSi..0:,s.cosettesiecdeecndeifes! gecsesateerscheneses See a 472: 129-130 Kempton’ Exhibition 2006 - Exhibition: Repotts:i2..2.2oc:-<-0-Onceoscce- ne xeceeeens ce ae 470: 5-33 Agriculture Bio-fielsand.agricultunal:setzaside <2 oaccacere2 oc: Saee evap ck eres een ah een oc eee ICN 52: 3-5 Grassland beetles: diversity in relation to grazing manageMeNt................0c0000000eeeeeeeeeee ICN 53: 11 Araneae Interesting spider observation in the winter s:,gateccset <2. oe teases loves cee ee oe ee 472: 123 Awards The Ansorge‘and Bradford Awards <:2c.c6:000-5. <6 cofec-cockect coatontescece presen ee 473: 132 Behaviour Can’ pheromones be the answer to tomato predation? -2.....-..<2_-...c2c---ceseccnesvecct-esndecesueaeele 475: 247-48 Hybrid mating between a harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis, and a 2-spot ladybird, ladybird, Pideal ica Oipiintiatcd ie. fics osc ccc dacilcok cab a fresh’approachy.................22ccccceoeeecensooees 473: 135; ICN 54: 6 HE Ara ce LiM OMS SARC M COLLAGE e hee scent he 55. a tee enter nu. Vac otict nes senpdedeausecncesesteanttler codavetecesseeseseesvos IEN 53:5 SOMMER OLeSMOMESCOLMSIt MepIdO PLC ha:.-. cca: se hece nica cine ences v-tnta apicscicdriceet sscevsvoanersoscteqensaceteooes 471: 127 Sites & species of interest Brownfield butterfly conservation in the English Midlands .00........0.eccceeececeeetceeenseeeeeeees IEN 53: 8 Parnas emecenptoject In Emo lama.) ..cess5. bese cseses cc steno: Hoicee case ns e.Gsusaaceovattuesans-a¥onenessoeeesiee ICN 53: 9-10 Emeralcashpoter: an invasive insect in North Amenica:.-...2.2...-..-1...--0.cocvesssovsecssesvense ICN 54: 10-11 Mes Olasal lyaexoOSCt LIVELIMe SEAIMEMES ..........ssscrtasipesoa-ncrssesunnsesosscnneceesereecadepeoeenatenconss ICN 53: 10 ames acclimerimeN te AumeniGayanad BULOPE «.-225--42-)-2.bacenesposescr-teeeasacececeesnacucAceaee terrae ICN 53: 8-9 Nabive atid exotic praying mantis’ species in New Zealand ...3.....0.0.2.sc.csc.-cnsessnctecsenercoenoer ICN 54: 12 Pipershill and Dodderhill Common Reserve, Worcestershire...............::00ccsseeeeeeeeeeeees ICN 54: 8-10 ee MBOU SEALS Ot MUTCD tes 1m CHEMIK J. ceoc.co- cee nnsese ae Gees scroasa Sareso uate densecesshetaeoneccdeanncen ICN 53: 6-7 Southern damselfly project ini Hampshite (oo eee ICN 54: 10 Stag: beetle Survey in: England ssi. 5 es eo ee 2s ee eee ICN 53: 6 Sussex Emerald moth & nuclear decommissioning -............-.....-.-------------se--------neeoeeee ICN 53: 7-8 Thurrock Marshes, sontieeast Pngbad: SS, ee ---ICN 52: 5-6 Spain Letter from Spain: 4th of a series - Some Spanish winter butterflies-..............-...--------- ATA: 176-179 Spiders see: Araneae Surveys Broad=badied Chaser survey in the UK 22 oe eee -ICN 54: 12 Burying buckets for Seag Beetles 22-0 Spe ee ae 473: 165-166 Survey highlights children’s lack of insect knowledge...................----------------1---0---sese-----=- ICN 54: 5 WK itadybird satvey 222i. a eee -ICN 54: 12 Wild-worms project in Britant 022) a Se ee ee eee -ICN 52:5 Trade Proposed increase in fees for UK importation of CITES species «...........-.------------------------ ICN 54: 4-5 Trichoptera More noteworthy moths and a caddis fly from London Zoo (Exhibit Reports) -_..-.-...........- 470: 30-33 Urban development Brownfield maditess? 2.2.5 5 62s -ICN 54: 3 Loadon:campaipn: to save parien ibahirars 25.5 0 A. ee -ICN 53: 2-3 London Olympics development................-...------------------------ i ae oe ICN 51: 67 USA Backyard butterfly conservation in the USA. 2. 2 -ICN 54: 7-8 Honeybee decline in N. America and Europe-—<.2-~<---.-22 2 ee -ICN 53: 8-9 14 INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES: ([B] = Botanical name [R] = Reptilian name Abax parallelopipedus sod bono ab bb aabb eioe CBee onan AUR Cp ey AR SEH anc SEE Ee Ee Cer ES ERECRT Te Here mE PRLeer TELE REPRE Ci 472: 128 TNE ET MOUS UTS LEME RIEN sciea oti st is aiiien valisbiclio'ilnou sadhSEG Senne Gheala sadly doetounabaageneaseh eaves oeroton: 473: 156-59 PNM AME UAILOCLEL DDR es Se se See RNa de outcast conics du Sucdbvenuey tens edits os capecsulen duane ade guoed ones ICN 54: 10-11 LUST TDICEE sso cS ane tetas SSAC OA EEE PEEP PEC EE ee Eee ne ae tee 470: 9; 470: 10 LGM SEALO coos sop oS UOBLE ROSE ELAEREE DP ONE BE EEE DEY OPEC EEL CET PUL Ee PE EERE AEE POOL ET EPC CEP eT 472: 126 FNAL LOL CAPE ee PPO ee Renan Na cteits ne ask ts dus ods snupilovadtdianeseasen ia: tution eaeesndae evhneetesudaliendeniie 471: 81-83 AN ERITGLB. THY RESDS.netrsaos ae coeEabc aUOSBEEDORODET EAE: PDO CE ATREDECLE CEE CCTEEL TED Per LUE LCRTC ED DoE PEE RECO EEE 473: 161 PEER LEAD OY PUIEILU SIO OS ec ernst oneisa Valls Riou lee ve irc deek sont caubiothea Nie vabeoeawa tio de costa cibiatebonet tas 470: 28-30 ACR IE. SITU (IBS fcc pobee hte COLE DEEDEA OE: Tice PEE ODE ECERRC TEED COED CELE RPOEENT TCE CER e Ce 473: 136-39 NN ARGON LARD OUND oat acre ate ised uted sass tebe Uaesoatwcbichide idente Svsbessuatiecaledestatscsteetss caches 470: 10 PS AZeiy MMLOGM CL GOSULEL DPR Eat Lis a NRCan ot en susie? MC oesShuleoLacsias4vunrtratavaseTtosevipgeneteeciaunebervons 471: 59-62 CERES TTBACLLS spoocackeisatyseo Boer Hoc OU CoO ie CODE CU REECE A EODTCEL CALE ERROR EACERSTtEy Ce TOT PEERED REECE EET 472: 128 Catacola napta - misprint for: Catocala nupta (CONOGEUZ) TEAIIE! soo canod ont seane xBOe oR gest AEDT TI CEP SE Let CREE EPEC PEEL ESCORT ae 475: 245; 475: 245-46 CHP IOTLE CUIGTHOZEDE pos bocct bande waOteribe Sor CARTE CGe AONE EC EEEL CECE ACE POLICDCCES TOOTE EPEC PECTS Cree HOO ELCE 472: 124-126 GANONG AIILCeEE AN Ha iyire seh bee Bi siaontheudensenebededecevbaddch sbeiimnspesdntestertearselsondedestesyes 472: 110-116 CODED: SOTUGITUOS. scosirionbbeerpti cap pac See MERE A RRR ELECT LEO EEE LEA ELEC EET 471: 54-58 CLS CEPEIEOS coao coded cocdéCos ae saCED EEE BEG ACEO EEC Ean EET EEOC OEE oc aE EEE EE EE CeCe ET ERR Ecce 474: 185 Corecilmeellili lars (aint Oy hs sons caine ent an RoE COORG AC AR peers ee Renn on eee rt 475: 221-223 CORP CEG LE ALG. dg sac Gabe PERM RIAD PMOL ELE LEI POE COER OR OOO RTT ec CEES ER OP ICN 54: 10 CMGIAS CRUG. OLD. CIIDE. denna oor vo Let cco BO UROL PEEREERCT PE CDPCAD ED ece DODO ROUTE ROTA PORE CEPOL? CREDLE CEE ETE CEA 473: 164 GW ELC MMOT MECN LUI rere etn reece een erica cs oc tesie aeinol ieevise casi: Diadoabnesldieesuuboadetanetandeacise'yanucnarene de 473: 161 GO VIEL com VO Tes MMMM Sree Nn nea a Mila, Saetecaietavckestas sid tsdncodeaaseaes aglsabesoaeepuagettanetetwedtcbavasatnadcesbabes 473: 162 CooL AM CLITA OEE Ad Soh tag aioe soieinnsncostinaoa deDeaceuosunersoseessiondeness cremate domsenaesheduiner aide ste 472: 128 CHAM CYCLIN PRS ieee: OL EE Ee orer ice A722 127: 474: 185 CAEL AD acne Mind am se ON ous Sa ocnsded ugh oOendaeseaumenbaessoesnbanaaSendulaeonepessieasterts staest ICN 53: 8 LD LUCIUS ae eee coed ohesigei ks ioaip daoaledlir sve foes snntedeniodeshies saaestuchabuangriecnaswbensDento seats 470: 15-16 DG ULE aI ON AIUS AOR Mente tee ace keicnioth aac esadbedeatemscs ddelentiry ade bonseitncedeaiiuebteiaesurvemtlnsesaasens 471: 74-77 [EVN IA CLARO ace acitOs PEO REECAD SE ONCE RCE OEE Cae CREE EEE ee ee ee 471: 76-77; 471: 81-83 Sacer cl een ete et est sisi Asc o ca Ssancerounnen a eiuh cuss as seen tuceucemntcatiusesedeearseobentess 470: 8 VEU GTLONIG ARN NEA ecchoteng iho Fath nnweeng varoy gues cnendtaa os os 47.0: 16-17: 470: 17-18: 472:-110-116:472:124-26: 473: 1562592474: 187: 475: 214-220;-475: 237 LGpGESUDDUE BUS IERIZ nos bie oatp aE BENG AEE Bc Ena c10°6 S50 DSc aRER a Se ERE Ee nc en OPE PO ce 475: 247-48 JL AGLGDS: CGF DIS cea Becton RE ES OS or ic CEOEECERCREE SERDIEE DaT EERE Oe ep rPEC ED 473: 165-66; ICN 53: 6 LEU LCAIL NGL TL OIIIUL GME Gases sete core va jostones veo odteaenossanencecbbecouanssacsnnmm@apeoenaaness 472: 127; 474: 184-85 PUACHGEMZL ROSCA SMRM REPRE: Ge HRA Tc Mist tre ated sds ow aiibenisnti oan sails att sn iw ae olinsiieelciduitansiloanen 470: 35-38 PMUCVIGEMt AULC RELI em Ne sera cot oe Tena cebbdebunisonee teas do atusemed outs aetincadansn du dunoedtisennsénn seta 475: 246-47 JIGHG2 SP» socdsoocbobegndet beep ene SAR Ge ISDE ALPES EASE P ORDER EE EERE PI REAER ONG MP UB RICE ERS cian ADSOEE er oaaer nena A enh 474: 188-94 I NGS SODIGRG TAGSOLD coonadesleecocrqe a0tenoa ve DORBE SBR Gere pc OBESO NE POE cR AC on BEEP RENCE CT Roc RECE Coe ucr coua Te cetcasCeseHeore 475: 237 IMIomaySIMIGAS cosdesdosboonbontenedoe sauA Rice GHSe meres aeRO beet ae RERE tn Suncare Aes BaCam Nee RnB Ar ae He ets ec eMOR RR cre 470: 8-9 IMIGETD. (BERODE: Sdad nes aapods ab dgb6reREsds050:8 BUDE ACR eoO OSDOSLLAE EERO) Eke CEMDE DAUR CORON ST ADEN Cac PRN EY CCR E HrgP CoD LETT 470: 39 INGDDUS GUdaAT IML AEUS Pe rhe sek ee ie ee on ed ee ee 471: 77 Wepticinlicdae ora erect os Saas tae cbse ros Ses ease esate c Seen a ae 470: 8 Odoiiatat eee ate acta ee ee ee ee 471: 63-73 Ochi ides: veritas shou trzcuiedes Wines ondiae tthe ee Deas b oso tok deb toasts =e eee noo eager 474: 180 OPER ODL CAT ANIAE TE sooo ono act Resa ae ie neg nel nas eli cnwssBpeb i aes iuiaese ds coe ee ae 474: 195-97 Opto, mioblas eee hac) oat tc then taste cebacng nt aa bettas cane on oe okes Sach pn tae tens ene ee nee 471: 76 Oiler esis poectlOps oi Fe axicraos sete: sete csv acoreee saaeh nugupuns olvie:cozbuae ste tieiey onaddzso war ICN 52: 7-8 OSI ASPANTOLIM Ss aon odsh sos pac evocteerehpoeied Pieetaayaanisoctevaaseeor eee gta ae 473: 160-61 PAPO AGIAANUS Fon oipwsvass betloddovsadcapctsenenonercuasiippies obscigasetudincwnlty Stecin dies tek eepa ees See 470: 15-16 PU yilopertiia WOVLTCOl nce nci tens eke- oa ont nar eee oes Lon ot onan eee nae ee 473: 168; 474: 197 BLPISISPDE poe ecis oss oferete i eern ese ohsap ote Beioeh rete cos ee Soe pei vie ogo Dee ee 474: 180 PULSEGMOATINIA ho arene etc ca rosea sae eet eee tant iY tachgs ote dae uate ee 473: 136-39 PYLOMIUS TOVAYTRS sos sso Be eso ins digboctesteetes cadeenth «a 00d caeeeBegsoo asin ines ewbewstr e 470: 15 SOLBIA SPP gos doapentatada eek cred en Bese asblay a coahs tovenrssiceg hans -aSacsdauptode sta stad eacedie tose eee ee eee 475: 241-43 Sip Map e ras sss. 555. Sei.csoascen dank cakd oo nets eo aan on aay waz aoe wns coh SIG Re sen ag eae ee cee 470: 9-10 SZPIOC A SLCLENES Svat cc cststin su cieesieledieenn sete eOpenens sate ee dan cee en x Reet peek a ta 471: 78-80 Swnertuthustocel cites Bee c0isc Ronse. osessser od snp senstesko 03.0 ack ovbeoa tne ustue-tpune-stee sxosonsas tee 470: 26-27 SY ATVIELOD SPPECL ONES ops oct vn sxennecupceedueace sax. sti ovate cnsnen scab etus Serna ee a tacactemte 473: 167-68 Menthredimidae .-2-. 02.22.5532) soi tases setewsean se Posen ccaesnate as eke eas eee 470: 9 Meplicteid ae eee bse wen cso wcac eevee ace ccee er aes suet noe Bes oteee cha case eee apa 470:9 TD GLCU GU EIMOTIGTES. 355. Sonne nes Sava Rb eae re NE asc en oe ICN 53: 7-8 BIE YAS iL OTL 2 LEER oe Pes CPE Li Oey OPP ecenE per ree ECP nw petbsdaale-tektieedtce oe ee 474: 180 NGS EMILE AVEOVI OSA ack co esteg test hes ec Skee Ses Late ees es Sie I ts Sen 471: 59-62 ZUR OPIIGE SID or ares conaredacecanas sinkcnoitncenstesuave ape nigiasetagins \akte oka celina Ovo adeens tesco er 470: 10 Printed in England by Cravitz Printing Company Limited 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4TA. Telephone: 01277 224610 Fax: 01277 262815 E-mail: cravitzprinting @btconnect.com Hollingworth & Moss MMMIINKG INN TTI _ Retliosiense © "°** B39063047 161 s Natural. H#Zs¢oro SE Sagas. Museum. Wandswopr 4h res) c=