Pe) a i! fl fries ide’ oe Fide od ald nh 444 at 4 Oo Pee yt iy er nt) ‘ Siykton 4, ri he mie) TR RAS by dhe gal “dds 4 ie (ioe! tte ry 4, ev UN a) ddd baa ehe he ald Pas naga oy ity at id ed ’ ee ies nm AR a 4 v sar 1 aa py * aw Ore vars ch we nne Hae to Ata , Cy ee ey ‘ nag ae * ary vd + WN ibd OA 44 tal de ' ey 4 dil e That yd ha Poe) Stl eye : ha 0 wa vee rN ry 4 ( re | \ ‘\ x P wih a 4a: beds Ha de dua yy White hare Neen eee Was jeu ee ) ab Wi sell de iver evar (teal nee vA : ’ Lh er i, ” UN) Nine beds imett Ode Pt Ae ein, Nein ways) ; 1h a “4 rey Wier eA yr de ks ne @ ney ye i Min iota algun oad : Ng +4 byt 7 ite) Y 14M ba tans Rf ay aN ri Me * ‘ we add ier any wey a ry ane ake aie A ae sy “A sy behets Wot ee ry ce fieabas * "} a Ten ohh t% a; i bye yd HM? ’ i a Ci ey itera at 6 Wh ay Nah . de A M493 ' ‘ Fe bse i TY) Cyn hea vb a, NA " Sir Mor er) aay inee ty) is q Ni yy x Ar en " oH ok r¢ hairy u4 “4 * at 4 ante i fa WAS vais : vee’ a rad , 4 moh he . ut, toe « a Dabes ) beh) i erie ae Ca ee 2 \pe lp! tei dy yaya os, 7 ae na ( Y te Ti Gur ty ae mk yi 1’ het anaes » * x +o ie 4 seg 0 nn) wa) oa o tae, eae be ran es dynes ne Be Nhe y ws oy ‘ Tay ¥ i rl Wh we BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. EDITED BY W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT. VOLUME XXI. SESSION 1907-1908. 1, O2N 1) O: Nz WITHERBY & CO., 326 HIGH HOLBORN. AUGUST 1908. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PREFACE, ——_¢— Durine the 16th Session, 1907-1908, the total number of attendances at the Meetings of the British Ornithologists’ Club was 374; this included 807 Members and 67 Visitors, showing an average of about 41 per Meeting, and a slight decrease as compared with the previous Session. A very large number of new and interesting forms will be found described in the present volume by Mr. Boyd Alexander, Prof. Neumann, and other Members of the Club, and include many of the novelties procured by the Ruwenzori, Alexander- Gosling, and Rudd Expeditions. The most remarkable bird exhibited during the Session was undoubtedly the purplish-black Pheasant (Calophasis mikado, Grant) from Formosa ; the species was originally discovered by Mr. Walter Goodfellow and was described from the middle pair of tail-feathers of a male and from an adult female. Subsequently, at the instigation of Mr. Walter Rothschild, Mr. Alan Owston sent some Japanese collectors to the island and succeeded in procuring several fine adult male examples of the Mikado Pheasant, as well as a very interesting new species of Bullfinch (Pyrrhula owstoni). Among other interesting birds shown we may call attention to two Grouse believed to be the first undoubted hybrids between the Red Grouse and Ptarmigan that have been recorded. On the annual Lantern-slide night, which was held at the April Meeting, the great feature of the evening was an a2 IV exhibition by Mr. Cherry Kearton of a series of cinemato- graph pictures of bird-life, which, so far as we are aware, are the most perfect of their kind that have ever been exhibited. During the Session the Club sustained an irreparable loss in the death of Mr. Howard Saunders, which took place on the 20th of October, 1907. By his wish a new edition of his ‘Manual of British Birds’ is being prepared by Mr. W. Eagle Clarke, to whom he bequeathed all his notes and memoranda on the subject. (Signed) W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT, Editor. August 11th, 1908. RULES OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB, (As amended, 16th October, 1907.) I. This Club was founded for the purpose of facilitating the social intercourse of Members of the British Ornithologists’ Union. Any Member of that Union can become a Member of this Club on payment (to the Treasurer) of an entrance fee of One Pound and a subscription of Five Shillings for the current Session. Resignation of the Union involves resignation of the Club. II. Members who have not paid their subscriptions before the last Meeting of the Session, shall cease, ipso facto, to be Members of the Club, but may be reinstated on payment of arrears, and a new entrance fee, III. Members of the British Ornithologists’ Union may be introduced as Visitors at the Meetings of the Club, but every Member of the Club who introduces a Member of the B. O. U. as a Visitor (to dinner or to the Meeting afterwards) shall pay One Shilling to the Treasurer, on each occasion. IV. No gentleman shall be allowed to attend the Meetings of the Club as a guest on more than three occasions during any single Session. VI V. The Club shall meet, as a rule, on the Third Wednesday in every Month, from October to June inclusive, at such hour and place as may be arranged by the Committee. At these Meetings papers upon ornithological subjects shall be read, specimens exhibited, and discussion invited. VI. An Abstract of the Proceedings of the B. O. C. shall be printed as soon as possible after each Meeting, under the title of the ‘Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club,’ and distributed gratis to every Member who has paid his subscription. Copies of this Bulletin shall be published and sold at One Shilling each. VII. The affairs of this Club shall be managed by a Committee, to consist of the Editors of ‘ The Ibis,’ the Editor of the ‘ Bulletin,’ and the Secretary and Treasurer, ex officio; with three other Members, one of whom shall be changed every year. The Committee shall have power to make and alter Bye-laws. COMMITTEE 1907-1908. . L. Sciarer, F.R.S., Editor of ‘The Ibis,’ Chairman. . R. Oeitvie- Chane, Editor of the ‘ Bulletin? . F. Wirnersy, Secretary and Treasurer. . H. Evans, Editor of ‘ The Ibis’ oe B. Mreapse-Watpo, Vice-Chairman. . Bowoier Suarerz, LL.D., Vice-Chairman. . SETH-SMITH. os asl LIST OF MEMBERS. JUNE 1908. —— ALEXANDER, Boyp; Wilsley, Cranbrook, Kent. Artin, Ottver Vernon; Bloxham, Banbury, Oxon. ArunvzL, Major W. B.; High Ackworth, Pontefract. Baur, P. H.; London Hospital, E. Baker, E. C. Srvarr; care of Messrs. H.S. King & Co., 65 Cornhill, E.C. Baxer, Dr. J. C.; Ceely House, Aylesbury. Barcray, Col. Hansury ; 34 Queen’s Gate Gardens, 8.W. Barctay, Huen Gurney; Colney Hall, Norwich. Barrerr-Hamitton, Captain Geratp E. H.; Kilmanock House, Arthurstown, Waterford. Barrineron, Rrcnarp Manurre; Fassaroe, Bray, Co. Wicklow. Brpwett, E.; 1 Trig Lane, Upper Thames Street, London, E.C. Bryeuam, Licut.-Col. 0. T.; 6 Gwendwr Road, West Kensington, W. Braavw, F. E., C.M.Z.S. ; Gooilust, s’Graveland, Noord-Holland, Bonnore, Joun Lewis; Gadespring Lodge, Hemel Hempstead, Herts. Boorman, 8.; Heath Farm, Send, Woking, Surrey. Boora, H. B.; “ Ryhill,” Ben Rhydding. Borrer, C. D.; 6 Durham Place, Chelsea, 8. W. Braprorp, Dr. J. Ross, F.R.S.; 8 Manchester Square, W. Bristowg, B. A.; The Cottage, Stoke D’Abernon, Cobham, Surrey. Brocknotes, W. Firzarrsert; Claughton-on-Brock, Garstang, Lancashire. Buckuey, C. M.; 14 Hans Crescent, 8. W. Borrerriecp, W.C. J. Ruskin; 4 Stanhope Place, St. Leonards-on-Sea. Borrress, B, A. E.; Craft Hill, Dry Drayton, Cambridge. Campeeti, C. W.; British Legation, Peking. Cuarman, ABEL; Houxty, Wark-on-Tyne. Crarke, Capt. Goranp van Hott, D.S.0.; Brook House, Hayward’s Heath, Sussex. Crarke, Lieut.-Col. SrepHenson Roserr; Borde Hill, Cuckfield. Sussex. Crarks, Witrtam Eactr; Royal Scottish Muscum, Edinburgh, Coxrs, Ricuarp Epwarp; Ashley Arnewood, Lymington, Hants, VLE Cottier, Cuartes ; Cliveden House, 21 Eaton Terrace, S.W. Crossman, ALAN F.; care of F.Sharman,47 Goldington Road, Bedford. Crow ey, J. C.; 5 Beech House Road, Croydon. Crowtry, Reetnatp A.; Foord’s Farm, Vines Cross, Heathfield, Sussex. Curtis, Freperick, F.R.C.S.; Alton House, Redhill, Surrey. DateteisH, Joun J.; Brankston Grange, Bogside Station, Stirling, N.B. ; Davis, K. J. A.; Julian Hill, Harrow. Davipson, J.; 32 Drumsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh. De Winton, W. E.; Orielton, Pembroke. Dossin, Jamus B.; 2 Hailes Street, Edinburgh. Dorin, Witt1am Heyry, M.R.C.S.; 2 Hunter Street, Chester. Dresser, Henry Heres; 110 Cannon Street, E.C. Drewrrr, Dr. F. D.; 14 Palace Gardens Terrace, Kensington, W. Duruie, Lt.-Colonel W. H. M.; 70 Kensington Park Road, W. Durron, Rev. & Hon. Canon; Bibury, Fairford. Hari, Epwarp V.; Franks, Farningham, Kent. Biiror, Kpmunp A. 8., M.R.C.S.; Woodville, Kingsbridge, S. Devon. Exuison, Rev. Attan; Ardoyne House, Watton, Herts. Etwes, Heyry Jonny, F.R.S.; Colesborne Park, Cheltenham. Evans, Anraur Humsiz, M.A.; 9 Harvey Road, Cambridge. Ewen, Guy L’Esrranes ; 1 Claremont Road, Windsor. Fintryson, Horace W.; Gore Court, Sittingbourne, Kent. Finn, Franx; 29 Chalcot Crescent, Primrose Hill, N.W. Frower, Capt. 8. 8.; Ghizeh Zoological Gardens, Cairo, Egypt. Forsurs, Henry Oce, LL.D.; Director of Public Museums, Liverpool. Foster, Nevin H.; Hillsborough, Co. Down, Ireland. Fowrrer, W. Warner, M.A.; Lincoln College, Oxford. Fronawk, F. W.; Ashmount, Rayleigh, Essex. GarnsporovcH, The Earl of; Campden House, Campden, Glouces- tershire. Garnett, Coartes; 9 Cleveland Gardens, Hyde Park, W. GrRRARD, Joun; Worsley, Manchester. Giznson, Ernest; 105 Cadogan Gardens, S.W. Gittert, Frep.; 28 Beaufort Gardens, S.W. Gittman, A. R.; 5 Fellows Road, Hampstead, N.W. Gitroy, Norman; 95 Claremont Road, Forest Gate, Essex. GopmaN, Frepertck DuCanr, D.C.L., F.RS. (President B00) 45 Pont Street, S.W. Goovatt, J. M.; 52 Oxford Gardens, North Kensington, W. Goopeurtp, H,; 66 Gloucester Road, Regent’s Park, N.W. Ix GoopreLtow, WattEr ; Montrose, New Park Road, West Southborne, Hants. Gout, F, H. Carruruzrs; Matham Manor House, East Molesey. Grirrita, ARtHuR F.; 59 Montpelier Road, Brighton. Ginruer, Dr. Arsert C. L. G., F.R.S.; 2 Lichfield Road, Kew Gardens, S.W. Gurney, G. H.; Keswick Hall, Norwich. Gurney, Joun Henry; Keswick Hall, Norwich. Haicu, Grorez Henry Caron; Grainsby Hall, Great Grimsby, Lincolnshire. Hatz, Rev. James R.; Boxley Vicarage, Maidstone, Kent. Hartineron, Major H. H.; care of Messrs. Cook and Son, Rangoon, Burma. Harrert, Ernst, Ph.D.; The Museum, Tring, Herts. Harviz-Brown, Joun A.; Dunipace House, Larbert, Stirlingshire, IN; Houpeus, G. Mircnert; 42 Kensington Park Gardens, W. Hawker, R. M.; Bath Club, Dover Street, W. Heavtey, F. W.; Haileybury College, Hertfordshire. Hetimayr, C. E.; Zoologische Sammlung des Staats, Alte Akademie, Munchen, Germany. Herr, G. 8.; 16 Palace Gardens Mansions, Notting Hill Gate, W. Horsrietp, Herserr Kyieur; Crescent Hill, Filey, Yorkshire. Hosr, Cuarues, D.Sc.; Marudi, Queen’s Park Road, Bournemouth. Howarp, Roserr James; Shearbank, Blackburn, Lancashire. Hupson, Wirttam Henry; Tower House, St. Luke’s Road, West- bourne Park, W. Inerau, Cortinewoor; The Bungalow, Westgate-on-Sea. Jackson, F. J., C.B., C.M.G.; The Red House, Aldeburgh, Suffolk. Jones, Major H.; East Wickham House, Welling, Kent. Jourpain, Rev. F. C. R.; Clifton Vicarage, Ashburn, Derbyshire. Joy, Norman H.; Bradfield, near Reading. Ketso, J. E. H., M.B.; 12 Festing Road, Southsea, Hants. Kinnear, Norman B.; Bombay Natural History Society. La Tovcne, J. D.; The Imperial Maritime Customs, Shanghai, China. Larptaw,, Tomas Gepprs ; Bank of Scotland Branch, Perth, N.B. Laneroy, Herserr; 11 Marlborough Place, Brighton. Lasceties, Hon. Grratp; King’s House, Lyndhurst, Hants. Learoyp, A. E.; Brandsby Hall, Easingwold, Yorks. Lz Sovér, D.; Zoological Society, Melbourne, Australia. Loven, G. E.; 5 Thurloe Studios, Thurloe Square, S. Kensington, S.W. xX Lows, Dr. P. R.; care of Sir Frederic Johnstone, Bart., The Hatch, Windsor. Lorn, Lt.-Colonel Arraur Purvis ; Hurst Lodge, Sunningdale. Lucas, Tbe Lord; 7 Cleveland Row, 8.W. Lynrs, Commander Husert; 23 Onslow Gardens, 8.W. McConnett, F. V.; Camfield, Hatfield. Maocmiiian, G. A.; 27 Queen’s Gate Gardens, S.W. Macmuinuan, W. E. F.; 27 Queen’s Gate Gardens, S.W. Macpuerson, Artuur Horre; 54 Cleveland Square, Hyde Park, W. Maaerata, Major H. A. F.; care of Messrs. King & Co., 9 Pall Mall, S.W. Marsnatt, A. McLean; Crogen, Corwen, N. Wales. MarsHatt1, James McLuan; Bleaton Hallet, Blairgowrie, N.B. Mason, Colonel E. 8.; 20 Minster Yard, Lincoln. Matuews, G. M.; Langley Mount, Watford. Maxwett, Rt. Hon. Sir Hersert E., Bart., P.C., F.R.S.; Monreith, Whauphill, Wigtownshire. Merapre-Watpo, Epmonp Gustavus Broomrrerp (Vice-Chairman) ; Stonewall Park, Edenbridge, Kent. Mittats, Joan Guittze; Comptons Brow, Horsham. Mitts, Rev. H. Hotroyp; The Rectory, St. Stephen-in-Brannell, Grampound Road, Cornwall. Monro, H. C., C.B.; Queen Anne’s Mansions, 8. W. Monraev, Hon. E. 8., M.P.; 12 Kensington Palace Gardens, W. Munn, P. W.; The Green, Laverstoke, Whitchurch, Hants. Mount, Henry; 83 Kensington Gardens Square, W. Mosters, J. P. C.; Annesley Park, Nottingham. NesHam, Rosrrr; Utrecht House, Queen’s Road, Clapham Park,S.W. Nutson, T. H.; Seafield, Redcar, Yorks. Neumann, Oscar; care of Dr. A. Reichenow, Museum fiir Natur- kunde, Invaliden Strasse, Berlin, No. 4. Newman, T. H.; Newlands, Harrowdene Road, Wembley, Middlesex. Nrcuots, J. B.; Parliament Mansions, Victoria Street, 8. W. Nicuorson, F.; The Knoll, Windermere. Nicott, Micuant J.; Ghizeh Zoological Gardens, Cairo, Egypt. Noster, Heartey; Temple Combe, Henley-on-Thames. Ocitvin, Frrevs Menrerra ; The Shrubbery, 72 Woodstock Road, Oxford. Oartvie-Grant, W. R. (Editor) ; 29 Elvaston Place, 8.W. Oxpnam, Cuas,; Essex House, Wellington Road, Watford. Parkin, Tuomas; Fairseat, High Wickham, Hastings. XI Prarsr, TorEpD; Mentmore, Ampthill Road, Bedford. Pearson, Coartes Epwarp; Hillcrest, Lowdham, Nottingham. Prarson, Henry J.; Bramecote, Beeston, Notts. Pryrosk, Francis G., M.D.; Wick House, Downton, Salisbury. Purtiirs, KE. Lorr; 79 Cadogan Square, 8.W. Pieort, Sir Thomas Diesy, C.B.; The Lodge, Lower Sheringham. Prayer, W. J. P.; The Quarr, Clydach, R.S.0., Glamorganshire. Poruam, Hueu Luysorne; 14 Arlington Street, St. James’s, 8. W. Pricr, A. E.; 61 Great Cumberland Place, W. Procror, Major F. W.; Downfield, Maidenhead. Pycrart, W. P.; Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, 8.W. Ramsay, Colonel R. G. Warptaw; Whitehill, Rosewell, Mid- Lothian, N.B. Rarcrirr, F. R.; 24 Lancaster Gate, Hyde Park, W. Rawson, Hersert Everyn; Comyn Hill, Ilfracombe. Reap, Rosert H.; Camelot, South Parade, Bedford Park, W. Ren, Capt. Savitz G. (late R.E.); The Elms, Yalding, Maidstone. Renavt, W. E.; 17 Emanuel Avenue, Friars Park, Acton. Rickert, C. B.; Upton House, Lostwithiel, Cornwall. Rippon, Colonel G.; 89th Punjabis, Mandalay, Upper Burma. Roruscartp, Hon. L. Watrer, D.Sc., M.P.; The Museum, Tring, Herts. Roruscuitp, Hon. N. Cuartes; Tring Park, Herts. Sr. Quintin, W. H.; Scampston Hall, Rillington, Yorkshire. Sapsworta, Arnotp Durr; Royal Societies Club, St. James's Street, 8. W. SareEaunt, ArtHuR Sr. Gores ; 83 Madeley Road, Ealing, W. Sargent, Jamus; 76 Jermyn Street, St. James’s, S.W. Saunpers, W. H. Ravcrirre ; 79 Warwick Road, S.W. ScHerreN, Henry; 9 Cavendish Road, Harringay, N. Scuwann, Grorrrey; 4 Prince’s Gardens, 8.W. Scawann, Harorp; Campden House, Cirencester, Glos. Scrarer, Puirie Lurrey, D.Sc., F.R.S. (Chairman) ; Odiham Priory, Winchfield, Hants ; and Atheneum Club, London, 8.W. Scrarer, Witt1am Lurrey; Box 1207, Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S.A. Setous, Frepsrick Courrenry ; Heatherside, Worplesdon, Surrey. Seru-Sairn, Davin; 14 Canning Road, Addiscombe. SHARMAN, Freperic; 47 Goldington Road, Bedford. Suarrg, R. Bownter, LL.D. (Vice-Chairman); Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, 8.W. SHELLY, Captain G. Exyusr ; 39 Egerton Gardens, 8.W. XIL Simzy, A. I.; The College, Durham. Stater, Rev. Henry H.; Oldbury Farm House, Ightham, Sevenoaks. Sparrow, Major R.; Rookwoods, Sible Hedingham, Essex. Stages, J. W. C.; Porchester, Hants. Sruppy, Colonel Roperr Wrieut; Waddeton Court, Brixham, Devon. Styan, F. W.; Ben Craig, Bayham Road, Sevenoaks. SwryHoE, Colonel C.; 19 Cecil Court, Redcliffe Gardens, S.W. Swynverton, C. F. Massy; 12 Aynhoe Mansions, 8.W. Tennant, Sir Epwarp P., Bart.; 34 Queen Anne’s Gate, S.W. Terry, Major Horace A.; The Lodge, Upper Halliford, Shepperton. THorsurn, ArcHIBALD ; High Leybourne, Hascombe, Godalming, TrcrHurst, Craup B., M.B.; Guy’s Hospital, 8.H. Trcsuurst, N.F., F.R.C.S.; 35 Pevensey Road, St. Leonards-on-Sea. Townsend, R. G.; Buckholt, Dean, Salisbury. Trevor-Barryz, Ausyn B. R.; Chilbolton, Stockbridge, B.8.0., Hants. Urcurr, Henry Morris; East Hall, Feltwell, Brandon, Norfolk. Ussuer, R. J.; Cappagh House, Cappagh, 8.0., Co. Waterford. Vavueuan, Lt.-Comm. Rosurt E.; H.M. Coastguard, Tenby. Watus, H. M.; Ashton Lodge, Christchurch Road, Reading. Warton, Major H., I.M.S.; care of Messrs. H. S. King & Co., 65 Cornhill, E.C. Warxins, Watkin; Highfield, Harrow. Wuitaker, JosepH I. 8.; Malfitano, Palermo, Sicily. Wuire, 8. J.; Oakwood, Crayford, Kent. Wuirenean, C. H.8.; c/o Cook & Son, Esplanade Road, Bombay. Wuymeer, Cuartes; 11 Orange Street, Haymarket, S.W. Wirxinson, Jounson ; St. George’s Square, Huddersfield, Yorkshire. Wuiiams, Lionet A.; Junior United Service Club, S.W. Witson, Cuartes Josepa; 34 York Terrace, N.W. Witson, Dr. E. A.; Westal, Cheltenham. Witson, Scorr B.; Heather Bank, Weybridge Heath, Surrey. Wirnersy, Harry F. (Secretary and Treasurer) ; 11 Heretord Man- sions, Hereford Road, W. Wotruasron, A. F. R.; 31 Argyll Mansions, King’s Road, Chelsea, $8. W. Workman, Witt1Am Hueues; Lismore, Windsor, Beliast. Yersury, Colonel J. W.; Army and Navy Club, 8.W. [Members are requested to keep the Secretary informed of any changes in their addresses. | LIST OF AUTHORS AND OTHER PERSONS REFERRED TO. ALEXANDER, Boyp. Description of a new species of Lark-heeled Cuckoo (Centropus neumannt) from the River Welle, 78. —. Exhibition of eight new species of African birds :—Psalidoprocne bamingui, Cotile sudanensis, Apalis goslingi, Mirafra chadensis, Dendromus herberti, Caprimulgus chadensis, C. gabonensis, and Indicator therese, 88-91. ——. Remarks on certain species of Indzeator, 91-92. ——. Exhibition of a new species of Flycatcher (Batis chadensis) from Lake Chad, 105. Baur, P. H. Exhibition of two mounted examples of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) from Lehrer Precht’s collection, 32. Biowett, E. Exhibition of an egg of the Great Auk (Plautus tmpennis), 104, ButTerFietp, W. R. Exhibition, on behalf of Mr. J. B, Nichols, of a male and female White-winged Lark (Melanocorypha sibirica) from Pevensey Sluice, Sussex, 51. Cuups, CHartes. Description of a new species of Woodpecker (Den- dromus efulensis) from the Camaroon, 92. Cuuss, E. C. Description of a new species of Finch (Polospiza mennellr) from Rhodesia, 62. ——. Description of a new species of Babbling Thrush (Pinarornis rhodesie) from Rhodesia, 110. Crarkr, W. Eaaur. Exhibition of a female Sanderling (Cadets arenaria) with four young, taken at Prince Charles Foreland, Spitzbergen, 88. Crow.ry, Cyrin. Exhibition of lantern-slides, 82. Dresser, H. E. Exhibition of, and remarks on, various species of birds, 52-53. ——, Exhibition of eggs of Hypolais icterina, H. caligata, Motacila ocularis, Carpodacus erythrinus, Emberiza leucocephala, and Pratincola maura, 98-99, XIV Etison, Rey. A. Exhibition of an unfinished and deserted nest of a Hedge-Sparrow (Accentor modularis) containing an ege of the Cuckoo, 101. Farren, W. Exhibition of lantern-slides, 84-85. GoopFELLOW, WALTER. Exhibition of an egg of the Greater Bird-of- Paradise (Paradisea apoda), 9. Grant, C. H. B. On some species of birds new to the avifauna of South Africa, 66. —. Exhibition of a curious example of an immature Bee-eater (Merops natalensis) changing the colour of its plumage without a moult, 66. ——. On two new species of South African birds (Sphenceacus trans- vaalensis and Apalis rudd), 92-93. ——. Exhibition of examples of four species new to the fauna of S$. Africa, 93. ——. Onanew form of Lark (Heteronyx ruddi) from the Transvaal, WE —-—. Exhibition of a Lark (Mirafra zombe, Grant) new to the Avyi- fauna of 8. Africa, 111. Haacner, A. Lenny of a new species of Sun-bird (Cinnyris oliva- ceus daviesi) from Pondoland, 11. Harrert, E. Exhibition of a new Bullfinch (Pyrrhula owstoni) from Mt. Arizan, Formosa, 9. —. Exhibition of two new African birds (Andropadus ansorget and Ploceus rubiginosus cinnamominus), 9-10. ——. Description of a new Wren (Troglodytes islandicus) from Iceland, 25. ——. Description of a new form of Great Reed-Warbler (Acrocepha- lus arundinaceus zarudny?) from Turkestan, 26. ——. Description of a new species of Creeper (Climacteris placens meridionalis) from British New Guinea, 27. ——. Amended name Ploceus rubiginosus cinnamominus, Hartert = P. trothe, 27. —. Exhibition of a new subspecies of Sand-Grouse (Pterocles bicinctus multicolor) from E. Africa, 53. ——. Exhibition of examples of new birds from the Solomon Islands :— Myzomela eichorni atrata, Pachycephala melanonota, Zosterops vellalavella, Monarcha brodiet nigrotectus, 105-107. Exhibition of Bullfinches to show that the British race differs from that of Central Europe, 107. ——. Description of a new subspecies of a Warbler (Horernis pallidipes osmastont) from the Andaman Islands, 107-108. xV Hetimayr, C. KE, Exhibition of a new Humming-bird eer eriphile baeri) from Central Brazil, 27. —. Exhibition of examples of Todirostrum picatum, Scl., and T. capitale, Scl., which were shown to be male and female of one species, 7’. capitale, 28. Ingram, CoLytincwoop. Exhibition of eggs of Gallinago australis, Emberiza yessoensis, Geocichla varia, Pericrocotus cinereus, Phylloscopus coronatus, and Parus varius from Japan, 18. ——. On two new species (Neositta magnirostris and Sphecotheres stalker’) from N. Queensland, 99-100. Jourpatn, Rev. F.C. R. Remarks on the flight of the Griffon Vulture, 30-31. —. Exhibition of an abnormally coloured clutch of eggs of the Tree- Pipit, 31. Krarton, Cuerry. Exhibition of cinematograph pictures of bird-life, 80-81. Kemp, R. On a new species of Babbler (Turdinus phebei) from Lower Nigeria, 111. La Tovcue, J.D. Description of a new Flygatcher (Niltava david?) from Foh-kien, China, 18. Le Sovér, D. Remarks on the Tasmanian Emu (Dromeus diemenensis), 13. : —. Exhibition of the type specimens of seven species of birds pre- served in the Queensland Museum, 13. —. Photograph of a nest and egg of the Red Bird-of-Paradise (Paradisea raggiana), 100. Lover, R. B. Exhibition of lantern-slides, 81-82. Lowe, Dr. P. R. Remarks on the Ground-Dove of Porto Rico and the allied species from the neighbouring West Indian Islands, 12. —. Exhibition of two new species of birds (Cewreba laure and Chamepelia antillarum) from the West Indies, 108-109. . Matuews, Gregory M. Exhibition of a series of paintings of Queens- land birds by Mr. J. G. Keulemans, 13. —. Ona new species of Wren (Malurus dulcis) from North-west Australia, 100, —. Remarks on the differences between Ptistes erythropterus (Gmel.) and P. coccineopterus (Gould), 110. Mrape-Watpo, E, G. B. Exhibition of a curious nesting-box made of earthenware, 19. XVI Monraav, Hon, E. S. Exhibition of a female Pheasant assuming male plumage, 61. ——. Exhibitien of Golden Orioles (Oriolus galbula) showing males which were breeding in immature dress, 62. Nexson, T. H. Exhibition of a specimen of the Blue-throat (Cyanecula wolfi) from near Scarborough, 8. Neumann, Prof. Oscar. Description of new African birds :—Pteronetta hartlaubi albifrons, Turtureena triditorques rothschildi, Agapornis swinderianus emint, Tchitrea camburm, 42-43, ——. Exhibition and description of new subspecies collected by Mr. Riggenbach in Senegambia:—Indicator mor senegalensis, Steganura paradisea aucupum, Serinus leucopygius riggenbachi, 43-44, ——. Exhibition and description of new subspecies of African birds from the Berlin and Tring Museums :—Francolinus levaillanti benguellensis, F. jugularis pallidivr, Sarothrura pulchra central, &. p. senkert, Lybius leucocephalus usukume, Lybius zombeé albigularis, Tricholema hirsutum hybridum, T. h. angolense, T. lacrymosum ruahe, Buccanodon anchiete rex, 44-48. ——, Exhibition of new species and subspecies of African birds :— Ruwenzorornis johnston kivuensis, Estrilda atricapilla graueri, Cinnyris afra graueri, Turdinus pyrrhopterus kivuensis, Brady- pterus brachypterus centralis, B. grauert, Turdus graueri, T. olivaceus bambusicola, Chetura usshert benguellensis, C. u. sharpet, Apusreichenowi, Ploceus heuglin neglectus, Lagonosticta vara forbesi, L. rhodopareia ansorget, Zosterops abyssinica socotrana, Z. poliogastra erlangeri, 54-60. a _——. Exhibition and description of new African birds :—Ptilopachus fuscus brehmt, P. f. major, Astur riggenbacht, Chetura sabini ogowensis, Sigmodus caniceps harterti, Gymnoris pyrgita pallida, G. p. massaica, Passer griseus abyssinicus, Halcyon albiventris erlangert, 68-71. ——. Description of new species and subspecies of Africana birds :— Francolinus whytei, Centropus monachus occidentalis, C. m. angolensis, Neocossyphus rufus gabunensis, 76-78. ———, Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies of African birds :—Gymmoschizorhis personata centralis, Dendromus abingoni annectens, Estrilda paludicola benguellensis, Calamo- cichla zuluensis, Indicator variegatus jubaensis, Indicator archi- pelagicus inornatus, 94-98. Nicuoxs, J. B. Exhibition of a male example of the Grey-backed Warbler (Aédon familiaris) shot at Hythe, Kent, 63. Nicoxt, M.J. Description of a new subspecies of Grass- Warbler (Scoto- cerca inquieta innesi) from Egypt, 98. cn 3 XVI Ocinvie-GRanT, W. R. Description of five new species of birds procured by the Ruwenzori Expedition :—Pyromelana crassi- _ rostris, Pytelia belli, Hyphantornis feminina, Malimbus fagani, Cinnamopteryx mpange, 14-15. ——. Description of a new Weaver-Finch (Nigrita alexanderi) from Fernando Po, 16. ——. Description of three new species from Bahr-el-Gazal :—Zagono- sticta butlert, Cisticola butleri, and Cisticola weilsi, 16-17. ——. Exhibition of two Grouse believed to be hybrids between Red Grouse (Zagopus scoticus) and Ptarmigan (Z. mutus), 36-88. ——. Exhibition of an immature example of the Great Northern Diver (Colymbus glacialis) from Ireland, 38-39. ——. Remarks on some of the birds recently described as new by Prof, Neumann, 60-61, —-. Exhibition of two new species of Grass-Warbler (Cisticola belli and C. wovsnami) from S.E. Ruwenzori, 71-72. ——. Description of a new species of Rail (Sarethrura bury’) from Somaliland, 93-94, ——. Description of a new species of Chat (Saxicola hawker?) from the Sudan, 94. OtpHAM, C. Exhibition of a specimen of Schlegel’s Petrel (Cstrelata neglecta) from Tarporley, Cheshire, 101. Penrose, F. On behalf of A. T. Napier. Exhibition of an immature female example of Emberiza aureola from Wells, Norfolk, 30. Proctor, Major F. W. Exhibition of the eggs of the Buff-breasted Sandpiper, 13. Pycrarr, W. P. Exhibition of a meristic variation in the quill- feather of an Ostrich, 32. ——. Exhibition of the skull of a young Penguin (Pygoseelis pupua), 32. ——. Remarks on the source of the powder-down in Pigeons, 63. Reap, R. H. Exhibition of a series of clutches of eggs of the Tree- Pipit (Anthus trivialis) with a bluish ground-colour, 31. Rorusc#itp, Hon. WATER. Exhibition of an adult male of Carpod- acus incertus, Grant, 9. ——. Exhibition and description of the adult male of Calophasis mikado, Grant, and remarks on the genera Ca/ophasis and Phasianus, 22-25. ——. Exhibition of a new genus and species of Bird-of-Paradise (Pseudastrapia lobata), 25. ——. Exhibition of examples of Loborhamphus nobilis and Jantho- thorax mirabilis, 25, —., Exhibition of a number of Birds-of-Payradise, with their eggs, 36. VOL. XXI, XVIII Satvapori, Count T. Description of a new species of Petrel (Fr egetta melanoleuca), 78-80. SaRGENT, James. Exhibition of an immature female example of the Black-throated Diver (Colymbus arcticus) from Richmond Park, 41. SaunpERS, Howarp. On the death of, 22. Scrarer, P. L. Chairman’s Annual Address, 2-8. —, Remarks on a visit to the Lighthouse at St. Catherine’s, Isle of Wight, 19. ——, Remarks on Saunders’s ‘Manual of British Birds’: a new edition to be issued by Mr. W. Eagle Clarke, 35. ——. Exhibition of two eggs of the Collared Pratincole from ee _ Natal, 48. ——, Remarks on the male of the Greater Bird-of-Paradise living in the Zoological Gardens, 49. —. A short account of a visit to Algeria, 85. ——,. Exhibition of a photograph of a native falconer with his hawks, taken at Biskra, 85. ——, On the birds from Kent and Sussex exhibited at Hastings, 104. Seru-Smiru, D. Description of a new species (Cryptolopha budongo- ensis) from Budongo, Uganda Protectorate, 12. Sarre, R. BowprteR. Remarks on a curious pale form of Coly (Colius kirby) from the Lydenburg District, 31-32. —. Description of a new species of Weaver-Finch (Pyrenestes grantz) from Beira, 67. —. On anew species of Bird-of-Paradise (Zoborhamphus ptilorhis), 67. ——. Remarks on Fregetta melanoleuca, Salvad., 80. SwynnerTon, ©. F. M. Exhibition of eggs of rare birds from Gaza- land, 19. Ticzuurst, C. B. Remarks on the Blue-headed Wagtail found in the Nile Delta which should stand as Motacilla flava pygmea, 29. TurneR, Miss E. L. Exhibition of lantern-slides, 82-84. Ware, 8. J. Exhibition of a nest of the Swallow (Hirundo rustica) built on a glass gas-protector, 62. Warrenxad, ©. H. T. Exhibition of some rare species from Kohat, including examples of A%githaliscus leucogenys, Phylloscopus subviridis, Ampelis garrulus, and Merula fuscata, 18-19. ——. Exhibition of eggs of Agithaliscus leucogenys, Phylloscopus sub- viridis, Saxicola capistrata, and Adelura ceruleicephala, 19. —. Description of a new species of Wren (Anorthura magratht) from the Safed Koh range, 19. XIX WuirrHean,C.H.T. On anew species of Bulbul (Molpastes magrathi) from Bannu, 48. ——. Letter correcting an error, 101. Wirnersy, H. F. Yearly statement of accounts, 22. ——. On behalf of E. C. Arnold. Exhibition of a specimen of the American Pectoral Sandpiper (Tringa maculata) from near Kastbourne and a specimen of the Icterine Warbler (Hypolais icterina) from Cley, Norfolk, 28. Woosnam, R. B. Field-notes on Cisticola belli, Grant, and C. woosnami, Grant, 72-73. Wriaut, C. A. Announcement of death of, 8. oo BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. No. CXXXVI. Tur hundred and thirty-fifth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 16th of October, 1907. Chairman: P. L. Sctater, D.Sc., F.R.S. Members present :—P.H. Baur, E. Brpwett, 8. Boorman, H. E. Dresser, Ernest Gisson, Watrer GoopreLLow, E. Harrert, Ph.D., Cotztinewoop Ineram, Col. A. P. Loyp, Grecory M. Maruews, E. G. B. Merans-Watpo, Puitie W. Munn, T. H. Netson, T. H. Newman, Cuartes E. Pearson, Francis G. Penrost, M.D., A. E. Pricsz, Major F. W. Proctor, W. P. Pycrarr, Rosert H. Reap, C. B. Ricxerr, Henry Scuerren, D. Setu-Smira, R. Bownter SuHarret, LL.D., C. B. Ticznurst, M.D., N. F. Ticrnurst, F.R.C.S., A. B. R. Trevor-Bartye, Lieut. C. H. Wauirenead, H. F. Wirnersy (Sec. and Treas.). Guest of the Club :—Dupusy Le Sovér, C.M.Z.S. Visitors :—C. F. Bricuer, LL.B., Wittovcusy Lowe, G. Merapr-Watpo, L. M. Sera-Smirn, C. F. M. Swyn- NERTON. The Cuarrman announced that at a meeting of the Committee of the Club, held that afternoon, the following [ October 29th, 1907.] VOL, XXI. Vol. xxi.] 2 officers had been elected for the ensuing Session of 1907— 1908 :— P. L. Scrater, D.Se., F.R.S., Chairman. W. R. Ocitvir-Grant, Editor of the ‘Bulletin, H. F. Wirnersy, Secretary and Treasurer. A. H. Evans, Editor of the ‘Ibis’ \ E.G. B. Meape-Watno, Vice-Chairman. | Members of the D. Seru-Smira. + | Wedbaenee: R. Bowpier SuHarpe, LL.D., Vice- | Chairman. ) The Committee had requested Mr. H. Munr to act as Auditor of the Club’s accounts. The Cuarrman then gave his Annual Address to the Clab :— BrotHer Members or THE B. O. C.,— On opening the first. meeting of the present (sixteenth) Session of this Club, I venture to offer you a few remarks (as has been my usual custom since I had the honour of occupying this Chair) on some of the principal events in Ornithology that have taken place during the past year. In the first place, however, I am bound to allude to the great loss our branch of Science has suffered by the death of Professor Newton. It is most fortunate, however, that his important work, the ‘Ootheca Wolleyana,’ had been completed before his decease, for it would have been hardly possible to find another person able and willing to bring it to a satisfactory conclusion. A careful essay on the late Professor’s Life and Work, prepared by one of the original Members of the B.O.U., will be found in the October number of ‘The Ibis,’ and I need not repeat what is there said. But I may add that Newton left in an unfinished state a large quantity of notes and papers on the history of the Great Auk (Alca impennis), which is well known to have been one of his favourite subjects. It is of course 3 [ Vol. xxi. much to be hoped that an arrangement may be made for the publication of a work based on these materials. One of the most important ornithological works that have recently made their appearance I consider to be Dr. Edward Wilson’s account of the birds of the National Antarctic Expedition. Dr. Wilson is not only a capital describer of the ways and habits of the birds, but is also a talented artist, and the work in question is remarkable not only for its stories of bird-life, but also for its wealth of illustrations, mostly derived from Dr. Wilson’s facile pencil. No collection of birds had been previously made at such a high latitude in the Southern Hemisphere, and it is most fortunate that it should have been dealt with by the competent observer who had the chief share in forming it. We must not forget, however, that, besides the National Antarctic Expedition, the sister Scottish Expedition likewise made an excellent collection of birds during its stay in the South Polar Seas, and that, by the kind permission of Dr. Bruce, Mr. Eagle Clarke has been allowed to publish his account of them in the pages of ‘The Ibis.” From the results achieved by these two expeditions our knowledge of the Antarctic Ornis has been greatly extended, and Lieut. Shackleton’s new expedition to the South Polar Lands, which is to leave New Zealand in the early months of next year, will be accompanied by two competent Biologists, and is likely to bring us still further information on this engrossing subject. Another important publication for Ornithologists is the volume on the History of the Natural History Collections in the British Museum, lately issued by the Trustees. Dr. Bowdler Sharpe has spared neither time nor trouble in making the account of the series of Birds under his charge as complete as possible, and has put together a mass of valuable information upon the mode of acquisition of its com- ponent portions. What is, without doubt, the largest and most complete collection of Birds in the world well deserves to have its historv fully written, and to no one could this Vol. xxi.] 4, formidable task have been more appropriately committed than to Dr. Sharpe, who has so long had charge of the Collection, and has been unremitting im his endeavours to make it as perfect as possible. This task having been accomplished, we will ask him to turn his serious attention to the Hand-list of Birds, and to the Catalogue of Eggs, two most important works, both of which require a final volume. The Palearctic Region. It cannot be said that British Ornithologists have omitted their home-duties. Since I last addressed you, Mr. Abel Chapman has issued a new edition of the ‘ Bird-life of the Borders,’ Mr. Nelson has given us two volumes on the Birds of Yorkshire, Mr. C. Reginald Haines one on the Birds of Rutland, Mr. Whitaker has written on the Birds of Nottinghamshire, and Mr. Bickerton on those of Hertford- shire. Besides these, we have Mr. Howard’s ‘ British Warblers’ and Mr. Jourdain’s work on Palearctic Birds’ Eggs still going on. Moreover another ‘ Migration-Report, if not already in print, is shortly expected, and we find a new periodical established, entirely devoted to British Birds, which has already reached its fifth number and promises to become a great success under the editorship of our esteemed member, Mr. Witherby. Passing on to Asia, great discoveries, as we all know, have been recently made in the extreme north-eastern portion of the Palearctic Region; and we may shortly expect from Mr. Buturlin a complete account of his ornithological adventures in the far-off Kolyma district, to add to his account of the nesting of the Rosy Gull and Spotted Sand- piper, with which he has already favoured us. Dr. Hartert, as we are all aware, is labouring diligently with his severe task of rearranging the birds of the Palzearctice Avifauna in their species and subspecies, and has already issued four numbers of his work on this subject. This is, of course, of transcendent interest to our many friends who are specially devoted to the British Bird-list, and will be 5 [ Vol. xxi. carefully studied by them. But it is a little doubtful, I think, how far they will be induced to follow his system of universal trinomials, and to recognize all the multitudinous local forms which he shows to be distinct. The Oriental Region. Amongst recent good work in the Oriental Region I may call special attention to the important account of the birds of Formosa (now happily a Japanese possession), based by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant and Mr. La Touche on the collection made there (in 1906) by Mr. Goodfellow, one of the most successful of our modern explorers. The new Goldcrest (Regulus goodfellow?) is certainly of remarkable interest, and so is the Mikado Pheasant, although, as yet, we have only caught its tail. Descending a little south, we find the Philippine Archipelago now occupied by our American friends. We may safely leave the Philippine Ornis, with its many attractive forms and representative species, to Secretary Worcester, Mr. McGregor, and their assistants. It will take them some time to finish the business off, for the islands are many, and every one of them must be thoroughly explored before the collector’s labours are over. In British India I may mention that Major- Magrath and Lieut. Whitehead, new and acceptable recruits to our band of British Ornithologists, have recently been stationed in Kohat and Bunnu, on the frontiers of Afghanistan, and that they propose to give us an account of their discoveries in this almost unexplored land in an early number of ‘ The Ibis.’ ; The Ethiopian Region. We will now consider what has been lately done in the Ethiopian Region, which, as is well known, is “ always pro- ducing something new.” In the first place, Egypt (although more strictly Palearctic than Ethiopian) has now the advantage of a resident Ornithologist in the person of Mr. Nicoll, the Assistant Director of the Zoological Gardens Vol. xxi. ] 6 at Giza, who devotes his spare time to the study of birds, and who will some day, I hope, be able to give us a Manual of its Avifauna. In the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan there is likewise an excellent Ornithologist, Mr. R. L. Butler, the Game-Warden of the country, who has already written for ‘The Ibis’ a most interesting article on its birds. Mr. F. J. Jackson will, we hope, in spite of the special duties which his high office entail, still find time to employ collectors, so that we may some day expect from him a comprehensive account of the birds of British East Africa, which he knows so well. Passing over the Victoria Nyanza into Uganda, we must not forget to congratulate Mr. Ogilvie-Grant and the members of the Ruwenzori Expedition upon the success that has attended their venture. The spoils have now all arrived at the British Museum, and we trust that no diffi- culties will be met with in the proposed plan of giving the results to the world in a special publication. The Fauna of Ruwenzori, so far as it is known, is well worthy of such a special volume, which will form a good foundation for the work of future explorers. On the western side of the great continent excellent work has lately been done by Mr. Bates in several depart- ments of zoology. Dr. Bowdler Sharpe is now engaged in finishing a series of articles (published in ‘The Ibis’) upon Mr. Bates’s large collections of birds from Camaroon. Amongst these are many novelties, and the account of them is happily enriched by the addition of extracts from Mr. Bates’s instructive field-notes. Mr. Boyd Alexander’s adventurous journey from Lake Chad to the Upper Nile will likewise add greatly to our knowledge of the Soudanese Avifauna. His collection of birds is considerable, and when worked but, as will shortly be the case, will supply results of no ordinary interest. We must now turn our attention to South Africa, where the recently founded Union of South African Ornithologists continues to send forth a series of excellent papers in its own Journal. The last number that has reached me "4 [ Vol. xxi. (2nd ser. vol. i. no. 1, 1907) gives us some remarkable reve- lations concerning the Honey-Guides and other little-known South African birds. One of its most active members, Mr. Swynnerton, is with us this day. In addition to his article already published, he has furnished the Editors of ‘The Ibis’ with many supplementary notes on the birds of Gaza-land, which wiil appear in the next number of that Journal, and will add much to our knowledge of Rhodesian Ornithology. In Northern Rhodesia another enterprising collector, Mr. Sheffield Neave, has lately collected materials for a preliminary paper on its birds, and has returned to the same country in order to continue his researches. The Australian Region. Like our South African friends, the active Ornithologists of Australia have long ago established a Union of their own, and its organ, ‘The Emu,’ has attained its seventh volume. Mr. Dudley Le Souéf, Director of the Zoological Garden, Melbourne, who is present with us to-day as the Guest of our Club, has recently been nominated President of the Australasian Ornithologists’ Union, and, as requested by the Committee of that body, I have had great pleasure in acquainting him with the honour that awaits him. He is now on his way back to Australia after attending the Meeting of the International Congress of Zoology recently held at Boston, U.S.A., and brings us many greetings from our American friends. British New Guinea, which clearly belongs to the Australian domain, is still waiting further exploration, and I trust that Mr. Le Souéf will urge his friends in Australia to make a special expedition to further investigate its rich Fauna and Flora. The Nearctic Region. It would be unwise, I think, of me on the present occasion to trouble you with remarks on the progress of Ornithology in North America. As I have already explained, the Inter- Vol. xxi.] 8 national Congress of Zoology has just held its seventh meeting at Boston, where everything, I am told, went off most successfully. Before long we are sure to receive an accurate account of the Proceedings of the Ornithological Section, and I much regret that I was unable to attend a Congress myself. I may, however, announce that the fourth volume of My. Ridgway’s great work on the birds of North and Middle America has been lately issued. The Neotropical Region. Nor have I much to say to you about the Neotropical Region on the present occasion. I may, however, express my regret that Dr. Goeldi, who, during his rule of the Museum at Pard which bears his name, has done so much work for our branch of Science, has been compelled, after a long service, to give up his Directorship and return to Europe. It will be difficult to find an equally energetic and able man to succeed him in his post, although Dr. Sneth- lage, a lady of undoubted talent, whom several of us have met during her recent visit to England, is working with energy at the collection of birds in the Para Museum. The Cuarrman announced the death of Mr. C. A. Wricut, an original member of the Club, and a valued contributor to the pages of the ‘Ibis... The news of his death, which took place on the 15th of July, was received by the members of the Club with great regret, and sincere sympathy was expressed for Mr. Wright’s family. Mr. T. H. Netson exhibited the specimen of the White- spotted Blue-throat (Cyanecula wolfi) which had been picked up under the telegraph-wires at Seamen, near Scarborough, in Yorkshire, on the 12th of April, 1876. This specimen was now in the possession of Mr, A. Young, gamekeeper at Blankney. (Cf. ‘Field’ May 6, 1876; <‘ Zoologist,’ 1876, p. 4956, 1902, p. 464, 1903, pp. 23, 431, 455, 1904, pp- 31, 264.) 9 [Vol. xxi. Mr. Water Goopretiow exhibited an egg of the Greater Bird-of-Paradise (Paradisea apoda). [The specimen agreed with that procured by Mr. Charles Pratt in the Aru Islands, which had been figured by Mr. Collingwood Ingram in the ‘ Avicultural Magazine’ for October, 1907. | The Hon. Watrer Roruscuizp sent for exhibition the adult male of Carpopacus 1ncErtTUvs, Grant (Bull. B. O. C. xvi. p. 122; Ibis, 1907, p. 164). Mr. Grant had described this new form from females and a young male, but had justly suspected that the adult male would be “rose-coloured”’ or red. It was, however, not closely allied to C. edwardsi, but rather more so to C. vinaceus, from which it only differed in being larger (wing 77-77°5 mm.), in being somewhat deeper and more vinovs-red, and in having the superciliary line slightly darker rosy, less whitish. Mr. Alan Owston had sent three males and a female from Mt. Arizan, Formosa. In view of its close relationship to C. vinaceus the Formosan form should, in Mr. Rothschild’s opinion, be called C. vinaceus incertus. Dr. E. Harrerr exhibited an example of a new species of Bullfinch, which the Hon. Walter Rothschild and he proposed to describe as PyrRHULA OwsTONI, Rothsch. & Hart., sp. n. 3. Chin, lores, and forehead black, this colour forming a complete ring round the bill. Pileum, hind-neck, and back dark grey ; feathers of lower back blackish slate-colour, bordered with grey; rump white, some of the lateral feathers on the tail partially black; upper tail-coverts blue- black. Remiges slaty, outer margins dull black ; outer webs of inner secondaries and both webs of innermost secondaries blue-black, the latter moulting, but apparently without any reddish or yellowish mark. Lesser wing-coverts like the back, longest series lighter grey with whitish edges and black bases ; primary-coverts black. Rectrices blackish, Vol. xxi. | 10 tips and outer webs blue-black. Under surface grey, towards the chin and vent lighter, more whitish; sides of breast faintly washed with rosy red. Under wing-coverts white, inner edges of remiges whitish-brown. Wing 83, tail 83 mm. 2. Smaller; back and under surface dull rufous-brown, longer upper wing-coverts tinged with rufous. Wing 79- 30 mm. Juv. Feathers of crown blackish, edges with light greyish- brown. Type: d. Mt. Arizan, 4. xu. 1907. Hab. Mt. Arizan, Formosa. Obs. We have received one male, three females, and a young male, obtained by Japanese collectors sent out by Mr. Alan Owston. This is a peculiar form. The females much resemble those of Pyrrhula erithacus, but the male has no red in the plumage. From P. nipalensis nipalensis it differs, besides other characters, in the extensively black chin, from P. nipalensis waterstradti chiefly in the black chin and the want of the large white patch on the sides of the head. From all other forms of Pyrrhula it is still more widely removed. Dr. E. Harrert exhibited two new African birds, which he described as follows :— ANDROPADUS ANSORGEI, Sp. 0. Similar to Andropadus gracilis, Cab., but the pileum more olive-greyish, not so dark olive-brown as in A. gracilis, the ear-coverts paler and washed with grey; the throat distinctly grey, not greenish with a greyish tinge as in A. gracilis, the chest, breast, and abdomen paler and dis- tinctly tinged with grey; while these parts are darker and more olive-green with a yellowish tinge in A. gracilis, the sides of the breast and flanks are much paler, and the under tail-coverts much lighter, less olive-greenish, and more rufescent than in A. gracilis. “Iris dark brown. There is a narrow circle of greyish feathers round the eye. Bill greenish or brownish-black. Feet dark green, slaty, or Me [Vol. xxi. greenish-grey.” Wing (¢ 2) 72-74; tail 62-64; cul- men 15°5-16 ; tarsus 16-17 mm. Type: No. 468, g ad. Degama, Southern Nigeria, 19. x. 1902. Collected by Dr. W. J. Ansorge. Hab. Degama and Gregani, Southern Nigeria. Eight specimens. This new species differs from A. virens, A. gracilis, A. curvirostris, and their allies, all of which have been compared with it. PLOCEUS RUBIGINOSUS CINNAMOMINUS, subsp. n. 3 ad. Differs at a glance from P. rubiginosus rubiginosus by the much lighter colour of the back, which is not bright bay or chestnut, but bright cimnamon with a yellow tinge, lighter breast and abdomen, and much paler under tail- coverts, which are creamy whitish, with or without a cin- namon wash. The females and males in breeding-plumage are slightly paler than those of P. rubiginosus rubiginosus. “Tris blood-red or orange-red ; bill of males black ; feet purplish flesh-colour.’” Wing of males 84-87 mm. Type: ¢ ad., No. 1436. Kimukua, Mossamedes, South Angola, 14. in. 1906: Dr. W. J. Ansorge coll. Hab. Southern Angola: Mossamedes and Benguella, apparently also Damaraland. (Cf. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 474, footnote ; Reichenow, Vog. Afr. iii. p. 56; where it has been already suggested that the Angolan birds might differ from those of East Africa.) Dr. KE. Hartert exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Atwin Haaener, F.Z.S.,a specimen of a new Sunbird from South Africa, which Mr. Haagner proposed to call CINNYRIS OLIVACEUS DAVIESI, subsp. n. “Similar to Cinnyris olivaceus olivaceus from Natal, but differmg in the distinct admixture of orange-red in the yellow pectoral tufts, darker forehead, and longer bill. The longest bill in the series of the Natal bird in the British Museum does not approach to within 2 mm. of that of the Vol. xxi?] 12 Pondoland form, as Dr. Hartert kindly informs me. Four specimens examined. “Type in Transvaal Museum. (Collected by C. G. Davies.) “‘ Hab. Pondoland, 8.A.”’ Mr. D. Serru-Smitru described the following species, examples of which had been collected by his brother, Mr. L. M. Seth-Smith, as new :— CRYPTOLOPHA BUDONGOENSIS, SP. 0. Adult 3. Upperparts olive-green; tail above similar, the lateral feathers being dull brown on the inner webs ; primaries and secondaries dark brown, edged on the outer webs with olive-yellow, on the inner webs a narrow edging of very light brown; upper wing-coverts olive-yellow ; chin, throat, ear-coverts, and underparts generally whitish, tinged with olive-green, especially on the flanks and thighs ; a broad stripe above the eye whitish; a blackish stripe from the base of the upper mandible running backwards through the eye; under tail-coverts white, with a yellowish tinge; under wing-coverts white, washed with yellow : upper man- dible black ; lower mandible yellowish at the tip, becoming darker towards the base; legs and feet dark brown. Total length 4 inches; culmen 0°45; wing 2°15; tail 1°50; tarsus 0°9. Adult 9. Similar to the male, but with stripe above the eye narrower and tinged with yellow, and continued forwards on to the forehead. Dimensions similar to those of the male. Hab. Budongo Forest, Uganda Protectorate. (Types: 3. Feb. 25, 1907; ¢. May 20, 1907.) Dr. Percy R. Lowe pointed out the differences which he had noticed between the Ground-Dove of Porto Rico and the allied species of the neighbouring West-Indian Islands, and exhibiting at the same time the characters which distinguished the species of the genus Chamepelia. 13 [Vol. xxi, Major F. W. Proctor exhibited some eggs of the Buff- breasted Sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis) which had been taken by the Rev. C. E. Whittaker on Herschell Island, westward of the mouth of the Mackenzie River. Photo- graphs of the locality were also shown. Mr. D. Le Soviir informed the meeting that he had recently examined the collection of the skins of Dromeus in the British Museum, and that among them he had discovered two specimens of the Tasmanian Emu, presented to that Museum by the late Ronald Gunn in 1838. These skins were of great interest, as the species was now extinct in Tasmania ; and it was evident, from the specimens in the British Museum, that the Emu of Tasmania was distinct from that of the continent (Dromeus nove-hollandie), having no black on the throat and fore-neck, these parts being entirely white. Mr. Le Souéf stated that the discovery of these facts confirmed the opinion which he had already expressed as to the distinctness of the two species of Dromeus, based on a study of their eggs; and that the name of D. diemenensis, which he had proposed for the Tasmanian Emu, was now established by the examination of the skins above mentioned. Mr. Le Sovitr also exhibited the type specimens of seven species of birds in the Queensland Museum, which Mr. De Vis had very kindly permitted him to bring to Europe for comparison at the British Museum. The species were as follows :— Rhipidura phasiana, De Vis. Micreca pallida, De Vis. Arses lorealis, De Vis. Oreoscopus gutturalis (De Vis). Pachycephala fretorum, De Vis. Melithreptus vinitinctus, De Vis. Ninox lurida, De Vis. Mr. Grecory M. Maruews exhibited a series of paintings by Mr. Keulemans of the above-mentioned type specimens. Vol. xxii} 14 These pictures were intended to form part of a new work, entitled ‘ Coloured Figures of the Birds of Australasia,’ which Mr. Mathews was preparing to publish. Mr. W. Oeitvisr-Grant sent descriptions of five new species of birds procured by the members of the Ruwenzori Expedition :— PYROMELANA CRASSIROSTRIS, Sp. 0. Adult male. Most nearly allied to P. phenicomera, G. R. Gray, but smaller; the bill shorter, stouter and deeper, its length being 16 mm. and the depth of the upper mandible at the gape 7 mm. (whereas in P. phenicomera it measures only 54 mm.) ; the yellow shoulder-patch much less extensive and not continued over the scapulars. Iris dark brown ; bill dusky; feet brown. Total length ca. 5-0 inches; wing 3°55; tail 1-95; tarsus 0°82. Hab. North end of Ruwenzori, 3500 feet. An adult male, No. 2452, was procured by Mr. R. HE. Dent on the 19th of August, 1906. PYTELIA BELLI, sp. n. Adult male. Differs from the male of P. melba (Linn.), which it resembles in the darker markings of the breast and belly, in having the grey of the cheek extending beneath the eye to the lores, and the red of the throat continued over the greater part of the chest, only the base of which is yellow. Tris reddish-brown; bill red; feet brown. Total length ca. 4°8 inches; wing 2°2; tail 1°95; tarsus 0°7. Adult female. Breast darker grey than in the female of P. melba, and the markings of the underparts, especially of the sides and flanks, darker. Iris hazel or reddish-brown ; upper mandible black, lower pink, reddish-brown, or dull red ; feet brown. Total length ca. 4°6 inches ; wing 2°25 ; tail 1:9; tarsus 0°65. Hab. South-eastern Ruwenzori, 3400 feet. Numerous specimens were obtained by the Ruwenzori Expedition in April, May, and June. 15 [Vol. xxi. HYPHANTORNIS FEMININA, Sp. N. Adult male. Does not appear to differ in any marked par- ticular from typical males of H. abyssinica (Gmel.). Total length 5°8 inches; culmen 0°85; wing 3°5; tail 2°05; tarsus 0°9. Adult female. Differs from the female of H. abyssinica (Gmel.), which has the chin and throat yellow and the rest of the underparts buff, in having the underparts mostly yellow, much as in H. cucullata (Miill.). Freshly moulted females (April-May) have the mantle and back washed with - dull greenish-yellow ; while in a winter specimen (November) these parts are greyish-brown, forming a strong contrast with the head and nape, which are washed with yellow. Total length 5°8 inches; culmen 0°85; wing 3°15; tail 1°85; tarsus 0°87. Adult male and female. Iris pink, red, orange, chestnut, or brown; bill dark horn-colour or black; feet brown or flesh-colour. Hab. Ranging from the west of Entebbe, 3500-3700 feet, to South-eastern Ruwenzori, 3400 feet. A large series of this species was procured by the Ruwen- zori Expedition in April, May, June, and November. There are also several examples in Mr. Jackson’s col- lection. MAuimevs FAGANI, sp. n. Adult male, Closely allied to M. erythrogaster, Reichenow, but differs in having a smaller bill, the red on the crown and underparts moré¢ intense, and the flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts mostly black, some of the feathers being more or less mixed with red. Iris dark brown; bill black; feet brown. Total length 6:0 inches; culmen 0°9; wing 3:6; tail 2°65 ; tarsus 0°9. Hab. Fort Beni, 3000 feet, Semliki Valley. The type, an adult male, No. 3508, was procured by Mr. Woosnam on the 21st July, 1906. CINNAMOPTERYX MPANG&, sp. 1, Adult male. Most nearly allied to C. tricolor (Hartl.), but Mol, xa] 16 the black of the head is continued over the nape and the yellow band across the upper mantle is much narrower, being confined to three or four series of the shorter feathers, which are merely tipped with yellow and have the black basal portion separated by a white band. Iris dark brown; bill black ; feet dark brown. Total length ca. 6:0 inches; culmen 0°8; wing 3°5; tail 2:05 ; tarsus 0:9. Hab. Mpanga Forest, 5000 feet, Uganda. The type, an adult male, No. 3591, was procured by Mr. R. B. Woosnam on the 20th of September, 1906. Mr. Ociivir-Grant also described a new Weaver-Finch from Fernando Po, which he proposed to name NiGRITA ALEXANDERI, Sp. 0. Adult male. Similar to N. lutetfrons, Verr., but larger and with a longer stouter bill; the golden-buff of the forehead extending backwards over the crown to hehind the eyes. Tris black; bill black; legs and feet flesh-colour. Total length 4°4 inches; culmen, from the nasal opening, 0°33- 0°35 ; wing 2°3-2'4; tail 1:6; tarsus 0°6. Adult female. Similar to the female of N. lutetfrons, but rather larger. Wing 2°3 inches. In N. luteifrons the culmen, from the nasal opening, measures from 0:26-0°3, and the wing from 2:2-2°35. Hab. Fernando Po. Obs. This species is named after Mr. Boyd Alexander. Mr. Ocitviz-Grant also described three new species of birds, examples of which had been collected by Mr. A. L. Butler on the Bahr-el-Gazal :— LAGonosTicTA BUTLERI, Sp. n. Adult female. Top and sides of the head as well as the entire back and wings earth-brown slightly washed with rufous on the two latter; upper tail-coverts and tail washed with dull crimson; chin and throat grey, blackish-grey ley [Vol. xxi. down the middle ; chest grey with a slight pinkish tinge, a few of the feathers having a white dot near the extremity ; breast, belly, and under tail-coverts rather pale pinkish- brown, of a lighter tint than the back. Bill and feet bluish- black in the dry skin. Total length 4°4 inches; culmen J0-F0-41 ; wing E23 tail 1: a tarsus 0°64, /6°% Hab. Chak tak, # Haze Gazal, CIsTICOLA BUTLERI, sp. n. Adult male? Most nearly allied to C. sylvia, Reichenow, but the upperparts, including the lower back and rump, are uniform reddish-brown, rather brighter on the crown and on the outer webs of the secondary quills; a rather distinct pale buff eyebrow-stripe; the pale brownish-white tips to the outer tail-feathers do not measure more than 5 mm. in width, while the blackish subterminal bands are strongly defined and about 9 mm. wide. Bill blackish, except the basal portion of the lower mandible which is pale horn ; legs pale hi horn-colour ( (in fh He y se Total length 53 Nien culmeh 0° 5; wing 2 "15; tarsus 0°85. Hab. Chak Chak, aici el-Gazal. CIsTICOLA WELLSI, sp. 0. Adult female. Entire upperparts, including the crown and tail, rather bright rufous-brown ; lores, short superciliary stripes, chin, and throat white; rest of the underparts rufous- buff, paler on the middle of the breast and belly ; outer tail- feathers tipped with rufous-white and with fairly distinct black subterminal bands. Bill blackish, the basal three- quarters of the lower mandible pale horn-colour ; feet pale yellowish-brown (in the dried skin). Totai length 4°5 inches ; culmen 0°5; wing 2°05; tail 1°8; tarsus 0°85. Obs. This species is at once distinguished from C. dutleri by its much stouter bill and shorter tail, as well as by the much brighter rufous shade of the upperparts and the markings of the outer tail feathers. It appears to differ considerably from any known species. Hab. Pongo River, Bahr-el-Gazal. VOL, XXI. Vol; xxig| 18 Mr. J. D. La Toucne sent the description of a new Flycatcher from Fohkien, China; which he proposed to call NILTAVA DAVIDI, Sp. LL. Adult male. Most nearly allied to N. sundara, Hodgs., but larger and with purplish-blue back and scapulars; the sides of the head, neck, chin, and throat with a very strong wash of blue, the neck-spot cobalt-blue, and the lesser upper wing-coverts of a very slightly lighter tint than the back. Tris dark brown; bill black; legs purplish with pale claws. Total length ca. 7:0 inches; wing 3°75. Adult female. Differs from the female of N. sundara in being considerably larger, and in having the neck-spot of the same cobalt-blue as in the male. Wing 3°5 inches. Hab. North-west Fohkien. Mr. Cotiinewoop Ineram exhibited eggs of the following birds from Japan, which he believed to be either new to science or hitherto imperfectly identified :— Gallinago australis. Emberiza yessoensis. Geocichla varia (8 clutches). Pericrocotus cinereus. Phylloscopus coronatus. Parus varius. In most instances the female (shot at the nest) accom- panied the clutch. He wished to point out a curious feature in the eggs of Geocichla varia. In every clutch there appeared to be one ege of a more “spotted” type than the others, the typical examples being of a more or less uniform greyish-red colour. Mr. Ingram remarked that the eggs of Parus varius were also interesting, as one or two examples showed distinctly paler lilac underlying markings. Lieut. C. H. T. Wuitrnxapd exhibited specimens of some rare species of birds from Kohat, including examples of Aigithaliscus leucogenys (Moore), Phylloscopus subviridis, and 19 [Vol. xxi. Ampelis garrulus, of which last two specimens had been procured by Major H. A. F. Magrath and Lieut. Whitehead in December 1906 and March 1907. An example of Merula fuscata from Bunnu, which had been procured by Major Magrath on the 7th of April, 1907, was also exhibited. Lieut. Warteneap exhibited eggs of Agithaliscus leuco- genys, Phylloscopus subviridis, Sazxicola capistrata, and Adelura ceruleicephala. The eggs of the first three species had been now taken for the first time. He also described a new species of Wren from the Safed Koh range, where it had been procured at a height of 8500- 12,500 feet. It appeared to be a representative form of Anorthura neglecta of Kashmir, but differed in several par- ticulars, which induced Lieut. Whitehead to describe it as ANORTHURA MAGRATHI, sp. 0. Similis A. neglecte, sed sordide brunnea, notzo magis con- colori, fasciis transversalibus fuscis obsoletis : subtus grisescentior, gutture toto cinerascente, minime rufes- cente. Long. tot. 3°3 poll., culm. 0°45, ale 1°95, caudze 1°35, tarsi 0°7. Mr. C. F. M. Swynnerron exhibited eggs of the fol- lowing rare birds from Gaza-land:—Nectarinia arturt, Anthothreptes collaris, Cisticola semitorques, Apalis thoracica, Cossypha heuglini, Batis erythrophthalma, Tchitrea plum- beiceps, and Serinus sharpet. Mr. E. G. B. Meapr-Watpo exhibited a curious nesting- box made of earthenware, which was a frequent feature in the farms in the south of England a century ago. These nesting-sites were put up by the farmers for the Sparrows to build in them, as the custom of the time required the annual destruction of as many individuals as possible of all birds, such as Sparrows, Rooks, Jackdaws, &c., which were then considered harmful to the farmer. Dr. Sctater stated that he had lately visited the Light- house at St. Catherine’s, Isle of Wight, and had had a talk Nolbeccin| 20 with Mr. T. G. Cutting, one of the Light-keepers who attends to the birds on behalf of the Club’s Migration Committee. Mr. Cutting had informed him that the largest mob of birds which had visited the lighthonse during the autumnal migration of the year had been on September 28th, when examples of 19 species had been obtained. The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 20th of November, 1907, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. | (Signed) P. L. Scrarer, R. Bowprer Suarrze, H. F. Witnersy, Chairman. Acting-Editor. Sec. & Treas. = BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS CLUB. No. CXXXVII. Tur hundred and thirty-sixth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 20th of November, 1907. Chairman: P. L. Scuarer, D.Se., F.R.S. Members present:—P. H. Baur, E. C. Sruart Baker, EK. Browett, H. E. Dresser, F. D. Drewirt, M.D., Rev. Auuan Exuison, H. J. Exwus, F.R.S., Guy L. Ewen, Earn or GainsBoroucH, J. Gerrarp, E. Greson, F. GiLuert, F. D. Gopman, D.C.L., F.R.S., E. Harrerr, Ph.D., F. W. Heaney, C. KE. Hettmayr, Cottinewoop Ineram, Rev. F. C. R. Jourpain, G. M. Maruews, Sir Herpert Maxwe tt, Bart., F.R.S., P. W. Munn, H. Muni, T. H. Newman, W. R. Ociivin-Grant (Editor), F. G. Prnrosz, M.D., A. E. Price, Major F. W. Proctor, W..P. Pycrart, F. R. Rarcuirr, R. H. Reap, W. BE. Renavut, Hon. Water Rotuscuitp, Ph.D., M.P., A. D. Sarswortn, J. Sarcenrt, H. Scuerren, D. Sera-Smira, R. Bownter Saarpz, LL.D., C. B. Dicenurst, M.B., N. F. Ticenvurst, F.R.C.S., H. F. Wirnersy (Sec. and Treas.). Visitors :—A. G. Bacsuaw, M.D., C. EB. Facan, 8S. M. Harris, C. B. Horspruen, L. M. Seru-Smrru, M. C. C. Seron, F. G. Warterer. [November 29th, 1907.] YOu, xxx, Vol. xxi.] 22 The Cuarrman alluded in terms of deep sorrow to the great loss that the Members of the Club had experienced by the death of Mr. Howarp Saunprrs, which had taken place since the last Meeting. This expression. of the very sincere regret felt by all ornithologists both in England and elsewhere was seconded by Dr. R. Bowpier Sarvs, who said that Mr. Saunders would not only be greatly missed for many years to come, but that it would be hard to find anyone who could adequately fill his place as the leading authority on British birds. At a Committee Meeting held on the 16th of October the following rule was passed :— “That no: gentleman shall be allowed to attend the Meetings of the Club as a guest on more than three occasions during any single Session.” The TreasureR made his yearly statement of accounts, showing that the financial state of the Club was in a very satisfactory condition. Members were reminded that the subscriptions for the Index to the first fifteen volumes of the ‘ Bulletin’ had not yet covered the cost of its production. Some copies of the Index-Volume still remained for sale, and it was hoped that those who were without this useful volume would purchase a copy and so augment the finances of the Club. The Hon. Water Roruscuitp exhibited and described the adult male of Calophasis mikado, Grant, and examples of other allied species of Pheasants :— PHASIANUS MIKADO (Grant). Adult male. Head and nape steelsblack, somewhat duller on the throat. The verrucose bare skin round the eyes largely extended and of a strawberry-red colour. Feathers of the mantle black, with a slight purplish tinge, and widely tipped with a sharply defined border of deep purple, within 25 [Vol. xxi. which is a median triangular velvety-black spot, surrounded by a glossy line. Feathers of the lower back, rump, and shorter upper tail-coverts black, with narrow steel-blue edges. Longer upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers black, with white, more or less speckled, cross-bars. Quills black, the primaries inclining to brownish-black, the secondaries with white tips, and the innermost ones with long triangular white spots at the extremity. Upper wing-coverts like the feathers of the rump, a few with small white spots and the greater series with broad white tips. Neck and breast like the mantle. Abdomen, vent, thighs and under wing-coverts dull black ; under tail-coverts similar, the longest ones being tipped with white. Iris broccoli-brown, bill bluish-horn- colour, feet greenish-brown. Culmen 86 mm.; wing 230; tail 630 ; metatarsus 64. The adult female agreed with Mr. Ogilvie-Grant’s de- scription. One fully adult and three nearly adult male examples, as well as seven females, had been received from Mt. Arizan in Central Formosa. Mr. Rothschild said that this Pheasant had been originally described by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant from two tail-feathers, and had been placed in the genus Calophasis, Elliot, of which C. elliott was the type. When describing the adult male Mr. Rothschild had examined the other species of the group with a view to ascertaining the validity of the genus Calo- phasis. The comparative differences, as given by Mr. Oates, were as follows :— PHASIANUS. CALOPHASIS. Mala, Rump-feathers long and Mole. Rump-feathers short and disintegrated. rounded, Tail-feathers 18. Tail-feathers 16. Ear-tufts present. No ear-tufts. Female. Tail long, pointed, and Female. Tail shorter, less pointed, narrow. and much wider. Phasianus ellioti, P. humie, and P. h. burmanicus certainly possessed the distinctive characteristics of Calophasis, but Vol. xxi.] 24 when P. semmerringi, P. s. scintillans, and P. s. ime were examined it would be found that the tail-feathers numbered 18, while in other respects they agreed with Calophasis. The male of P. mikado possessed 16 tail-feathers, and im general appearance (apart from colour) it resembled that of P.scemmerringi ; the female was, however, more nearly allied to that of P. humie, and there remained only the absence of ear-tufts and the differently formed rump-feathers to dis- tinguish Calophasis from Phasianus. He considered that these characters were too slight to be of generic value, but if the number of tail-feathers was added to these two characters, P. semmerringi should be placed in a separate genus (Grapho- phasianus, Reichenb.). Ornithologists did not admit the number of tail-feathers to be of sufficient value to divide the genus Perdix, and he was therefore reluctantly obliged to come to the conclusion that all the true Pheasants should be retained in one genus (Phasianus), which should include the following species and subspecies :— 1. PuasiIaANus coLcHicus, with numerous subspecies. . PHASIANUS REEVESI. . PHASIANUS ELLIOTI. . PHasiaNus HUMIA, with 2 subspecies. . PHASIANUS SEMMERRINGI, with 3 subspecies. . PHAsIANUS MIKADO. ou bp w wo Males and females of the following species were exhibited :— Phasianus mikado, P. semmerringi, P. s. scintillans, P. s. yime, P. ellioti, P. humie burmanicus, and a male ot P. humie. Mr. Rothschild added :—“I shall, no doubt, be criticized by my fellow ornithologists for not admitting the number of tail-feathers to be of generic value in Phasianus, while I do admit it to be so in the Fern-birds, Bowdleria and Sphenewacus. If, however, Sphenwacus and Bowdleria are examined, it will be found that a number of other differences exist which are sufficient to separate the two genera. In the case of Phasianus there are no characters, except the number of tail-feathers, by which P. semmerringi can be generically 25 [Vol. xxi. separated from P. ellioti, and only the ear-tufts and silky rump-feathers separate P. swmmerringi from P. colchicus. Most ornithologists will, I think, consider that these characters are much too trifling to necessitate generic separation.” Mr. Roruscuitp also exhibited an unknown Bird-of- Paradise, belonging to a new genus, which he described as follows :— PsEUDASTRAPIA, gen. 0. This new genus has the middle rectrices sharply pointed and elongate as in the genus Falcinellus (Epimachus of former authors). The bill is almost straight, as in Astrapia, Loborhamphus, and other genera, and not long and sickle- shaped; the feathering of the forehead is continued along the bill and conceals the nostrils; and, as in the genus Loborhamphus, there is a curious light-coloured fleshy lobe above and below the angle of the mouth. PsEUDASTRAPIA LOBATA, Sp. 0. Immature male? General colour dull black, the forehead with a bottle-green gloss; the elongate middle rectrices with a steel-blue gloss, especially on the outer webs. Bill and feet black, the fleshy lobes at the base of the bill light- coloured. Culmen 42 mm.; wing 187; middle pair of rectrices 395, lateral pair of rectrices 122; metatarsus 46. Hab. Dutch New Guinea. Type in the Tring Museum. Mr. RoruscuiLp subsequently exhibited a second specimen of Loborhamphus nobilis (cf. Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 72, pl. i.) and one of Janthothorax mirabilis. The type of the latter species had lost the middle pair of rectrices, but these were present in the specimen shown; they were only 27 mm. longer than the other tail-feathers and of a purplish-blue colour glossed with greenish. Dr. Ernst Harterr described a new form of Wren from Iceland. He stated that the Iceland Wren had hitherto Vol. xxi.] 26 been considered the same as the form found in the Faroe Islands, viz. Troglodytes troglodytes borealis, but a com- parison of specimens showed that it differed in being larger than the latter. The wings in a series of males from the Faroe Islands measured from 48-54 mm. (Knud Andersen gave 53°75 as the maximum), while in two males from Iceland they measured 57:5 and 60 mm. respectively. He proposed to name the Iceland form TROGLODYTES TROGLODYTES ISLANDICUS, subsp. n. Type in the Tring Museum: . No. 3690. Gilsbakka, Iceland, 13. vi.00; H. H. Slater coll. Dr. Harrerr also pointed out that specimens of the Great Reed-Warbler from Turkestan differed from Kuropean examples in having the upper surface more olivaceous and less rufescent, while the sides and under tail-coverts appeared to be paler than in specimens from Europe shot at the same time of year. He proposed to name the Turkestan form ACROCEPHALUS ARUNDINACEUS ZARUDNYI, Subsp. n. Type in the Trmg Museum: ¢. No. 1566. Djarkent, Turkestan, 3.v.00; N. Zarudny coll. Dr. Harrerr likewise described a new form of Climacteris, and made the following remarks :— In the ‘Novitates Zoologice,’ xiv. p. 474 (1907), Mr. Rothschild and I drew attention to some slight differ- ences between a series of specimens of Climacteris from the mountains of British New Guinea and a specimen from the Arfak Mountains. Since then I have been able to examine two more females from Arfak in the Leyden Museum, and, as I find the same differences in these, do not hesitate to separate the two forms. The south-eastern form differs from C. placens placens from the Arfak Mountains as follows :— 27 | Vor. seer CLIMACTERIS PLACENS MERIDIONALIS, subsp. n. The tips to the feathers of the crown are pale rufous, instead of almost chestnut ; the colour of the cheeks is of a somewhat lighter rufous; and the middle parts of the abdominal feathers are of a richer buff. The colour of the breast is perhaps browner, but this last character is doubtful, as only a few birds from the Arfak Mountains have been compared, and among these there are no adult males. Type in the Tring Museum: ?. No. A 2038. Owgarra, Angabunga River, 6000-8000 feet, British New Guinea, 29.1.05; A. S. Meek coll. Dr. Harrert stated that the bird described by him as Ploceus rubiginosus cinnamominus [cf. Bull. B.O.C. xxi. no. exxxvi. p. 1] (1907) | had already been described under the name of Ploceus trothe by Dr. Reichenow [ef. Orn. Monatsb. xiii. p. 147 (1905) ]. Mr. C. E. Hetumayr exhibited specimens of a new Humming-bird from Goyaz, Central Brazil, and described it as follows :-— THALURANIA ERIPHILE BAERI, subsp. n. Adult male. Similar to 7. e. eriphile, but much smaller and with the under tail-coverts pure white. Culm. 17-19 mm.; wing 534-56; tail 34-38. Adult female. Ditters from T. e. eriphile in being con- siderably smaller. Culm. 17-19 mm. ; wing 51-53 ; tail 31- Oe. Hab. Central Brazil, in the States of Goyaz and Matto- grosso ; also the Chiquitos plains in Eastern Bolivia. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. No. 2073. Goyaz, iv.06. Obtained by Mons. G. A. Baer. Obs. “Mons. Baer collected a series of nearly twenty specimens of this form in the environs of Goyaz, and near Leopoldina, Rio Araguay. The birds obtained by Natterer in Western Mattogrosso (Engenho do Gama) and on the Rio Araguay, as well as those sent by H. H. Smith from Vol, xxi. ] 28 Chapada, are in every respect similar to one another. In the Paris Museum there is a fine adult male from Chiquitos, Eastern Bolivia (d’Orbigny coll.). “The true T. e. eriphile inhabits Minas Geraés and the northern districts of S. Paulo. I have also seen quite a number of ‘ Rio’ skins, their exact locality being of course unknown. This form is always much larger (males, wing 59-62, tail 39-44; females, wing 55-57, tail 334-35 mm.), and the under tail-coverts are uniform bluish-black or dark bronze-green, sometimes narrowly fringed with whitish.” Mr. Hetimayr likewise exhibited two examples of a small Tyrant-bird of the genus Todirosirum. He remarked that the bird with black upperparts agreed with the type of T. picatum, Scl., while the rufous-headed, green-backed specimen belonged to the so-called 7. capitale, Scl. There were, however, in the former some rufous feathers to be seen on the fore-part of the crown. Count Berlepsch’s suggestion that these two alleged species were male and female of one and the same form proved to be quite correct. The species, which, according to our present knowledge, was only known from Eastern Ecuador, must henceforth be called Yodirostrum capitale, Scl. The birds exhibited were obtained on the Rio Napo and formed part of Comte de Dalmas’s collection, which was now in the Tring Museum. Mr. H. F. Wirnersy exhibited, on behalf of Mr. E. C. ARNOLD, a specimen of the American Pectoral Sandpiper (Tringa maculata). Mr. Arnold was in company with Mr. L. E. Dennys, on the Crumbles near Eastbourne, on the 21st of September, when the bird rose from some shingle and was shot by the latter gentleman. Mr, Wiruersy further exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Arnoxp, a specimen of the Icterine Warbler (Hypolais icicrina) which had been shot on September 12th, 1907, by Mr. J. V. Young, near Cley, Norfolk. 29 [Vol. xxi. Dr. C. B. Ticenvrst exhibited a number of specimens of the Blue-headed Wagtail, and made the following remarks on the form found in the Nile Delta :-— “‘ These birds, which came to me from Mr. W. L.S. Loat’s ‘collection, were obtained in the Nile Delta in the spring of 1903. On comparing them with birds in my own collection and with the descriptions of others, I could uot satisfy myself that they were quite the same as any Wagtail with which I was acquainted. Accordingly, I sent them to Dr. Hartert, who kindly informed me that they were the Budytes pygmeus described by A. E. Brehm (cf. J. f. O- 1854, p. 74) and obtained by him in Egypt. The form should stand as Motacilla flava pygmea. These birds seem to have been overlooked by all those who have subsequently collected in Egypt. “Dr. Hartert places this bird in his ‘ Végel der pali- arktischen Fauna’ as a synonym of Motacilla flava flava, L., having had only one specimen for examination. “ Motacilla flava pygmea is most nearly allied to M. f. cinereicapilla, Savi, but both sexes may be at once distin- guished by having a shorter wing and tail; the wing-bars are less conspicuous and duller, and in most male specimens the olive-colour on the flanks is more pronounced. The female is darker on the crown, forehead, and mantle than the female of M. f. cinereicapiila, and the superciliary eye- stripe is almost or entirely wanting. “The average measurements of adult males in spring are as follows :— Wing. = Tail. mm, mm, Motacilla flava flava . . . 81 68 M. f. cinereicapilla. ... . 81 67 aera f. COTeGNS | PS gS '~ BO 67 eg. PuGmea Ss FS 60 “Tn all these subspecies the females are slightly smaller than the males. “I have compared my specimens with the Wagtails in the British Museum, and amongst the series there I found five Vol. xxi.] 30 males which corresponded exactly with mine. All these had been collected in Egypt during the spring. The recog- nition of this subspecies is of great geographical interest, for judging from the dates at which some of these birds were procured (viz. April 17th and May 5th), and from observations made by Dr. Parrott in Egypt, it seems probable that there is a subspecies of Wagtail whose breeding-area is restricted to the Nile Delta. For more definite observations on the range of this species we must look to the ornitho- logists who are resident in Egypt.” Dr. Penrose, on behalf of Mr. A. T. Napier of Holkham, exhibited an immature female example of the Yellow-breasted or Willow-Bunting (Emberiza aureola, Pallas). The bird had been shot on the Salt Marshes at Wells, Norfolk, on September 5th, 1907, by Patrick Cringle, the son of one of Lord Leicester’s watchers. This was the secoud record of this species in the British Isles. The first, also an immature female, was shot at Cley, Norfolk, on September 21st, 1905, by Mr. E. C. Arnold, of Eastbourne College, and was exhibited by Mr. Howard Saunders to the Members of the Club [¢f. Bull. B. O. C. xvi. no. cxvii. p. 10 (1905)]. The specimen shown agreed very closely with some skins in the British Museum, but had a darker bill. Dr. Bowptex SHarrz, who had examined the specimen, said that he had no doubt this bird had been correctly identified. The Rev. F. C. R. Jourparn made the following remarks :— «A very careful study of the flight of the Griffon Vulture, which I was enabled to make at close quarters in 1906, brought to light one very puzzling phenomenon. During certain phases of flight the two outermost primaries appeared to have a much more upward or vertical direction than the rest. “During the early part of the present year I was able —— 31 [ Vol. xxi. to renew these observations, frequently having as many as sixteen Griffon Vultures in view at the same time, and often within a few feet of the spot where I stood. After observing them closely I was convinced that this bird has the power of independent movement over the two outermost quill- feathers, and, to a less extent, over the third also. That is to say, two feathers can be stiffly erected so as to assume an almost vertical position, while the remaining primaries retain their normal horizontal plane. This faculty, I take it, has been acquired to compensate for the shortness of the tail, which materially restricts the steering-power of this species.” Mr. Jourparn also exhibited an abnormally coloured clutch of eggs of the Tree-Pipit (Anthus trivialis), in which the ground-colour was pale blue and entirely devoid of markings. Mr. R. H. Reap exhibited a number of clutches of eggs of the Tree-Pipit, and one of the Meadow-Pipit (A. pratensis), showing a tendency to the same type of colouring. Dr. R. Bowpier Suarre exhibited some specimens of birds from the neighbourhood of Kambore on the Lower Congo » and from the Upper Lualaba River, collected by Mr. Sheffield A. Neave. Examples of several rare and little-known species were exhibited, such as Lagonosticta nitidula, Hartl., Platystira peltata, Sundev., &c. Dr. Suarve also exhibited a curious specimen of a Coly which had been shot by Mr. F. Vaughan-Kirby in the Lydenburg district of the Eastern Transvaal. It was of a pale sandy fawn-colour; all the quills, with the exception of the innermost secondaries, being blackish, and the base of the primaries chestnut like the primary-coverts ; the head and throat hoary cream-colour; the remainder of undersurface from the fore-neck downwards fawn-colour, shading into light Vol. XX1. | 32 chestnut on the vent and under tail-coverts; the tail-feathers hoary cream-colour, more ferruginous on the inner webs and on the under surface, which was light chestnut. As several similarly-coloured specimens had been obtained in the Lydenburg district, Dr. Sharpe considered that the Coly was of a distinct species, and he proposed to name it CoLiUs KIRBYI, Sp. 0. Mr. W. P. Pycrart exhibited an interesting example of meristic variation in the quill-feather of an Ostrich, in which the shdft had bifurcated for more than half its length, each branch developing a more or less perfect vane. He also exhibited the skull of a young Penguin (Pygo- scelis papua) i which each parietal was made up, not of a single plate, but of two unequal, but symmetrical, quad- rangular segments. The right and left median plates, caused by this segmentation, he regarded as representing the true parietals, while the outermost portion of each side of the skull, articulating with the squamosal, he contended, answered to the supra-temporal of reptiles. So far, he remarked, no other similar case had been _ recorded among birds; and he further pointed out that it was to be regarded rather as an instance of “reversion ” than of meristic variation. Mr. P. H. Baur exhibited two well-mounted examples of the Common Peregrine (Falco peregrinus). The birds had been set up by Lehrer Precht, of Moorhausen, Lilienthal, Bremen, who was anxious to dispose of his collection of mounted birds and skins at comparatively low prices. Mr. Bahr thought that any Members of the Club who wished to acquire well-mounted specimens of European birds might be glad to avail themselves of this opportunity. 33 [Vol. xxi. ERRATUM. In the Chairman’s Address (cf. Bull. B.O.C. xxi. no. exxxvi. p- 4, line 30), for Spotted Sandpiper read Pectoral Sandpiper. The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 18th of December, 1907, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. ] (Signed) P. L. Scuarer, W. R. Ociiviz-Grant, H. F. Wiruersy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. & Treas. - BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. No. CXXXVITII. Tue hundred and thirty-seventh Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 18th of December, 1907. Chairman: P. L. Scuater, D.Sc., F.R.S. Members present :—E. Bipwett, J. L. Bonnort, 8. Boor- MAN, C. M. Buckiry, H. E. Dresser, E. V. Karte, A. H. Evans, E. Gisson, F. Gritert, E. Hartert, Ph.D., G. M. Hepers, G. M. Maruews, E. G. B. Meapr-Waxpo, P. W. Monn, T. H. Newman, W. R. Ocitvin-Granr (Editor), F. G. Penrost, M.D., Major F. W. Proctor, F. R. Rarcuirr, Hon. Watrer Roruscuitp, Ph.D., M.P., C. B. Ticenurst, M.B., N. F. Ticenurst, F.R.C.S., A. Trevor-Barrye, H. M. Watus, J. Witxinson, L. A. Wiwiiams, H. F. Wiruersy (Sec. and Treas.). Visitors :—Colonel Hansury Barctay, A. WALLIS. The Cuarrman informed the Meeting that the late Mr. Howard Saunders had expressed a wish that Mr. W. Eagle Clarke should be his successor in editing any future editions of Yarrell’s ‘ British Birds’ and the ‘Manual of British Birds’ that might be called for, and stated that all Mr. Howard Saunders’s notes and memoranda on this subject [ December 28th, 1907. | VOL, XXT,.\) Voll sexta 36 had been placed in Mr. Eagle Clarke’s hands. This an- nouncement was received with unanimous approbation. The Hon. Waurer Rotuscuitp exhibited a number of Birds-of-Paradise with their eggs, all of which had been properly identified. They consisted of examples of the following species :— Aslureedus maculosus, Ramsay. Chlamydera cerviniventris, Gould. Parotia lawesi, Ramsay. Lophorhina minor, Ramsay. Ptilorhis victoria, Gould. Seleucides ignotus, Shaw. Paradisea raggiana, Sclater. Paradisea rudolphi (Finsch). Manucodia atra (Lesson). Manucodia comrii, Sclater. Phonygama jamesii, Sharpe. In addition to these the Trmg Museum possessed two broken eggs of Drepanornis albertisi cervinicauda, Sclater, and the eggs of two unidentified species. Mr. Rothschild said that the hitherto unknown forms would be figured and described elsewhere. Mr. W. R. Ocitvis-Grant exhibited two examples of supposed hybrids between Red Grouse and Ptarmigan, and made the following remarks :— ‘‘T have the pleasure of exhibiting this evening two birds which I believe to be hybrids between Red Grouse and ‘Ptarmigan, the first I have ever seen which have every appearance of being genuine. All the other specimens which have from time to time been sent to me as examples of this hybrid, as well as the bird figured by Mr. J. G. Millais in his ‘Game Birds and Shooting Sketches,’ were no doubt merely partial albino varieties of the Red Grouse. “The first specimen I have to show was killed at Kinloch Rannoch, Perthshire, on the 9th of September, 1907, by 37 EVolz xxi Mr. H. B. Debenham, of Thrifts Hall, Theydon Bois, Essex, and was recorded in the ‘Field’ of October 5th, p. 631. Mr. Debenham, who has kindly lent this bird for exhibition, informs me that it was shot on high stony ground, at an elevation of about 3000 feet above sea-level, where Ptarmigan were numerous, but Red Grouse seldom seen. The bird did not actually rise with Ptarmigan, but there were plenty of these birds close to it, and Mr. Debenham believes that he killed a Ptarmigan with his second barrel. This supposed hybrid, which is evidently an old male, weighed 14 lbs. As will be seen, it has the stout bill of a Red Grouse and in general appearance and style of coloration resembles a very large Ptarmigan in autumn plumage. The head, neck, chest, back, and upper tail-coverts are much like those of a Red Grouse changing from the autumn to the winter plumage; but it should be specially noted that some of the new feathers moulting on the chest, back, and upper tail-coverts are white, indicating a tendency to assume the winter plumage of the Ptarmigan. The terminal half of the primary-quills is mostly greyish-black, partially edged with white, and the remaining basal portion is white ; the secondaries are white on the outer web and almost entirely greyish-black on the inner web; the wing-coverts are mostly white, but many are partially black towards the base, and some of the lesser ones are black freckled with rufous as in the Red Grouse. “Tt has been suggested that this bird might be one of the Norwegian Willow-Grouse or Ryper (Lagopus lagopus) which were turned out in Banffshire last spring by Mr. W. Stewart- Menzies, but a glance at its dusky primary-quills is sufficient to show that one of the parent birds must have been a Red Grouse. As in that species, the wing measures 8 inches. (Cf. § Field’ of October 19th, p. 720.) “One of Mr. Debenham’s correspondents, Mr. Mountain of Grimsby, who has examined this bird, has assured him that it is undoubtedly a Ryper and has even asserted that he has shot o/d males of that species with the primaries partially black like those of the present specimen. I need Vol. xxi] 38 hardly remind the Members of the Club that such a state- . ment is obviously a mistake, for the primary-quills in an adult Willow-Grouse are pure white. In young birds the first white quills (which succeed the brownish-black quills accompanying the first feather-plumage) are often speckled with black along the shaft and towards the tip, but there is no trace of this in the adult bird. “The second specimen I have to exhibit, which is almost certainly a female and undoubtedly a bird of the year, resembles in general appearance the male described above. It differs, however, in having many of the Grouse-like feathers of the upperparts, breast, sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts conspicuously tipped with white, while many of the wing-coverts, especially of the lesser and median series, are dull rufous-buff, finely mottled with brownish-black and tipped with white. It was killed on Malundy, 3298 ft., in the Monar Forest, Ross-shire, in November 1874, by Mr. W.J. O. Holmes, of Strumpshaw Hall, Norwich, and was in com- pany with the two Ptarmigan which have been mounted along with it in the same case. One of these, a male, is in autumn plumage, but with some white winter-feathers on the throat, breast, and upper tail-coverts ; the other, a female, is in full winter dress. Mr. Holmes informs me that out of the eleven brace of Ptarmigan killed on the same day all were in autumn-winter-plumage with the exception of the almost perfectly white female mentioned above, which must have attained its winter plumage unusually early. “Further notes and figures of these supposed hybrids will appear in a future number of Witherby’s magazine, SBritish birds.’ ’” The Members of the Club expressed their gratitude both to Mr. Debenham and to Mr. Holmes, who had so kindly forwarded these interesting specimens for exhibition. Mr. Oeinvie-Grant also exhibited an example of the Great Northern Diver (Colymbus glacialis), which had been forwarded to him from Ireland by Mr. R. M. Barrington, who had received it from Mr. Williams, taxidermist, Dublin. See a 39 [Vol. xxi. The bird, which had been killed in the middle of November, was specially interesting as showing the intermediate plumage of the second year, a phase rarely procured and not represented in the British Museum, [ef. Selby, ‘Illustrations of British Ornithology,’ ii. p. 406 (1833) ]. The bird had apparently been bred in 1906. Its present dress showed a mixture of the old summer-plumage of 1907 and of new winter-plumage : the crown and hind-neck were in sooty black summer-plumage and the throat and fore- neck white like the rest of the underparts ; the short black- aud-white band across the throat of the adult in summer was indicated by an interrupted row of black streaks, and the black-and-white half-collar on either side of the neck by an irregular mottled black-and-white area, The feathers of the interscapular region and back were freshly-moulted and in winter-plumage, being blackish-grey, indistinctly blotched with grey on either side of the extremity; some feathers of the old summer-plumage which were still retained on the back were somewhat similar, but the spots at the extremity were whiter and more distinct. The lesser and median wing-coverts, still in the summer-plumage of 1907, were similarly spotted and more or less like those of the adult, but the longer innermost coverts, overlying the humerus, were very different, being Jordered along the terminal half of either web with white. The feathers covering the area above the femur, which were clove-brown in the adult at all seasons, had a hoary appearance, being mottled white and black; the freshly-moulted tail-feathers were black, distinctly tipped with white. A full description of this bird, and notes on an interesting adult example of C. adamsi changing from the winter to the summer plumage and shot off Northumberland in January by Mr. Abel Chapman, will also appear in a future number of § British Birds.’ Vol. xxi. | 40 The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 15th of January, 1908, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. | (Signed) P. L. Scrater, W. R. Ocitvis-Grant, H. F. WitHersy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. & Treas. BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. No. CXXXIX. Tue hundred and thirty-eighth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 15th of January, 1908. Chairman: P. L. Scuater, D.Sc., F.R.S. Members present:—Boyp AuexanpreR, P. H. Banr, EH. Bivwe1t, H. E. Dresser, Lt.-Col. W. H. M. Duruin, E: V. Karte, Guy L. Ewen, H. W. Finurnson, E. Gisson, F. Gitutert, Rev. F. C. R. Jourpain, G. M. Maruews, Sir Hersert Maxwe tt, Bart., F.R.S., H. C. Munro, C.B., H. Mount, O. Neumann, T. H. Newman, H. J. Pearson, A. E. Pricz; W. P. Pycrart, C. B. Rickert, J. Sar- GENT, F. C. Setovus, R. Bowpier Suarre, LL.D., S. J. Wuirtr, C. H. T. Wurrenzap, H. F. Wirnersy (Sec. and Treas.). Visitor :—R. B. Loner. Mr. James Sargent exhibited an immature female example of the Black-throated Diver (Colymbus arcticus) which had been observed between the 22nd and 26th of December on Penn Ponds, Richmond Park. The bird had evidently been wounded and was picked up dead on the Ist of January, 1908. [January 31st, 1908. } VOL) XX. - Viol Sxxig) 42 Professor Oscar NeumMANN exhibited and described exam- ples of the following new African birds, which were included in a collection made in the Ituri Forest, Congo Free State, by Mr. C. F. Camburn, for Baron Maurice de Rothschild :-— PreRONETTA HARTLAUBI ALBIFRONS, Subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to P. h. hartlaubi (Cass.) from West Africa, but with a large white patch on the forehead, extending to the middle of the vertex. A ring of white feathers round the eye. In the female and in the younger male examples the white patch at the base of the bill is only indicated. Hab. Upper Congo, Ituri and Welle Rivers. Type: ¢. Ituri Forest, 31. viii. 06: C. F. Camburn coll. In the West-African form the females never had any white on the head, but in the males there were sometimes a few white feathers on the forehead. TURTURGNA IRIDITORQUES ROTHSCHILDI, subsp. n. Adult male. Similar to T.i.iriditorques (Cass.) from West Africa, but the collar round the hind-neck copper-brown is without any definite metallic reflections. There are no green, but faint amethystine reflections above the collar, and no metallic reflections on the mantle. The whole upper- side is darker than in 7. 2. iriditorques and almost black. Wing 171 mm. Hab. Ituri Forest. Type: ¢. 24vii.06: C. F. Camburn coll. AGAPORNIS SWINDERIANUS EMINI, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to A. s. zenkeri from South Kamerun; but the upperside is darker, the rump and upper tail-coverts of a deeper cobalt-blue, the red collar narrower and only faintly indicated, and the bill much stronger. Hab. Ituri Forest. Type: ¢. 14. vu.06: C. F. Camburn coll. This was evidently the form mentioned by Emin Pasha in his last journal (cf. Flower, P. Z. S. 1894, p. 599) ; but his 43 [Vol. xxi. collection was lost after his death, and the five specimens obtained by Mr. Camburn were the first that had reached Europe. TCHITREA CAMBURNI, Sp. 0. Adult male. No crest. Middle pair of tail-feathers not much exceeding the rest in length. Head glossy steel-black. Upperside and tail blue-grey as in 7. éricolor. Underside of the same colour; the middle of the breast and belly, as well as the under tail-coverts, white, the latter faintly washed with buff. Wing 77; tail 90 mm, Hab. Ituri Forest. Type: g. 11.vii.06: C. F. Camburn coll. This species appeared to be most nearly related to 7. tri- color, but it resembled the species of Trochocercus in having the underside of the same blue-grey colour as the upperside. Professor NeuMANN also exhibited and described examples of the following new subspecies, collected by Mr. F. W. Riggenbach in Senegambia, the types of which were in the Tring Museum :— INDICATOR MINOR SENEGALENSIS, Subsp. n. Adult male. Similar to J. m. minor from South Africa, I. m. diadematus from Abyssinia, and J. m. teitensis from Ukambani and South Somaliland, but distinguished from all three by its much paler underside, the throat and belly being nearly pure white. The upperside is coloured as in the East-African forms of the group and does not show that sharp contrast of black and yellow which is characteristic of I. exilis, I. pygmeus, &e. Wing 85 mm. Hab. Senegambia. Type: g¢. Thies near Dakar, 9. v. 07: F. W. Riggenbach coll. STEGANURA PARADISEA AUCUPUM, subsp. n. Adult male. Differs from S. p. paradisea from Angola and W. Nyasaland, and from S. p. verreauxi. from North-east, ~ Vol. xxi.] . 44 East, and South Africa, in having the colour of the neck golden brown, similar to that of the throat. Hab. Upper Guinea, especially Senegambia. Type: ¢. Diourbel, 140 km. east of Dakar, 8. vil. 07: F. W. Riggenbach coll. The name S..paradisea (l.) had been given to specimens from Angola, whileS. verreauxt (Cass.), as well as S. sphenura, Bonap., were founded on birds from North-east Africa; the present form from Upper Guinea, though imported to Europe every year by thousands, had thus remained without a scientific name until the present time. SERINUS LEUCOPYGIUS RIGGENBACHI, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to S. 1. leucopygius, Sund., from the White and Blue Niles, but distinguished by having the throat, chest, and breast white, like the belly, and not grey ; some dusky streaks on the chest and breast. Hab. Senegambia and Western Sudan. Type: ¢. Thiés near Dakar, 24. v.07: F. W. Riggenbach coll. Professor Neumann also exhibited and described examples of the following new subspecies of African birds from the Berlin and Tring Museums :— FRANCOLINUS LEVAILLANTI BENGUELLENSIS, Subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to F. 1. levaillanti (Val.) from the Cape, Natal, Orange River Colony, and Transvaal, but having the lower band of white, which runs below the eye, marked with only a few black spots. The lower breast and belly are paler, without any chestnut coloration, but with large irregular black patches. The bird is somewhat smaller than F, levaillanti. Wing 159 mm. Hab. Benguella. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Cuima in Benguella, 13. xi. 04: W. J. Ansorge coll. From F. crawshayi, F. kikuyuensis, and F. muleme, to which this form also showed some resemblance, it was at once distinguished by having the black and white line, which 45 [Vol. xxi. runs. down the back of the neck, as well as the black and whit. patch on the base of the neck, very well-defined. FRANCOLINUS JUGULARIS PALLIDIOR, subsp. n. Francolinus jugularis (nec Biittik.), Reichenow, Vogel Afr. i. p. 489 (1901). Adult male and female. Very similar to F. gariepensis, Smith, from the dastern parts of South Africa, but every- where paler, the belly without the strong chestnut and black markings characteristic of F. gariepensis. Hab. German South-west Africa. Type in the Tring Museum: 2. South of the Kunene River: A. W. Eriksson coll. This was not the F. jugularis, Biittikofer, from Gambos, which was a far greyer bird, with broad black longitudinal markings on the chest, breast, and belly, and a large patch of black and white on the throat, similar to that of F, levaillanti and F. streptophorus. SAROTHRURA PULCHRA CENTRALIS, subsp. n. Adult male. Scarcely distinguishable from the male of S. p. pulchra (Gray) from Upper Guinea, but the underside is a little greyer and the white spots are less defined. Adult female. Similar to the female of S. p. pulchra, but the tail has distinct broad black bars, while in the latter it is uniform chestnut, or with only an indication of thin black bars. Hab. Lake Region of Central Africa. Type in the Tring Museum: 9. Mswa, on the west shore of Lake Albert, 8. ii. 89: Emin coll. The female figured in the ‘ Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum,’ xxiii. p]. ix., as Corethrura pulchra belongs to the present form. SAROTHRURA PULCHRA ZENKERI, subsp. n. Adult male. Similar to that of S. pulchra and S. centralis, but the chestnut colour of the head and neck is darker. Adult female. Head and neck darker, as in S. pulchra and Vol. xxi] 46 S. centralis, but easily distinguished from both by having the upperside black with but few brown bars; the intermediate black bars are from six to eight times broader than the brown bars ; the black bars of the underside are also much broader than the brown ones. Tail black, with a few defined chestnut bars. The measurements of both sexes are less than those of S. pulchra and S, centralis. Wing 75-77 ; tarsus 28 mm. Hab. South Kamerun. Type in the Berlin Hage ?. Bipinde, South Kamerun, ix. 99: Zenker coll. Lysivus LEUCOCEPHALUS USUKUMA, subsp. un. Adult male and female. Simiiar to L. 1. albicauda (Shelley) (which is synonymous with L. abbotti, Richm.), from Ugogo and South Massailand, but the white of the underside is restricted to the throat and chest, and there is no white median stripe extending to the belly, as in the latter form. Hab. Countries on the south and south-east shore of Lake Victoria. Type in the Berlin Museum: g. Kagehi, Usukuma, 6. xii. 85: G. Fischer coll. LyBIUs ZOMBZ ALBIGULARIS, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to L. z. zombe, Shelley, from south of Lake Nyasa, but without any pink shade on the feathers of the head, throat, and chest, which is con- spicuous in all specimens from the Shire and Shirwa Region, these parts being pure white. Hab. Countries to the north-east of Lake Nyasa. Type in the Berlin Museum: ¢. Songea, 31. vii: F. Booth coll. TRICHOLZEMA HIRSUTUM HYBRIDUM, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to T. h. flavipunctatum, Verr., from Gaboon and Kamerun, but with a white eye- brow extending from above the eye to the ear-coverts, and with a second white band along the cheeks, as in 47 [Vol. xxi. T. h. hirsutum. These characters are well marked in all the females, but they are sometimes only indicated in the males. Hab. Southern Nigeria. Type in the Tring Museum: ?. Degama, 3. vil. 02: W. J. Ansorge coll. This form closely resembled younger examples of 7. h. ansorgei with yellow spotted heads, but was easily distin- guished by having white spots on the ear-coverts. TRICHOLEMA HIRSUTUM ANGOLENSE, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to T. h. flavipunctatum, Verr., but with the underside nearly brown, suffused with greenish in the male and yellowish in the female; the black spots very indistinct, sometimes replaced by faint brownish-black bars. The black stripes on the white throat less sharply defined and sometimes more like spots. All the dark parts of the plumage are brownish, not pure black. Hab. North Angola. Type in the Tring Museum: 2. Golungo Alto, 15.1. 04: W. J. Ansorge coll. TRICHOLEMA LACRYMOSUM RUAH#, Subsp. n. ‘Adult male and female. Similar to T. /. lacrymosum, Cab., from the northern parts of German East Africa and British East Africa, and to 7. 1. radcliffei, Grant, from Uganda, Unyoro, and Toro. As in the latter species, the spots of the underside are rounded, but the ground-colour is nearly pure white with scarcely any tinge of yellow or buff. Hab. Southern parts of German East Africa, especially the countries of Ruaha and Rufiji Rivers. Type in the Berlin Museum: adult. Uhehe: v. d. Mar- witz coll. BuccaNoDON ANCHIET# REX, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to B. a. anchietea, Boc., from Mossamedes and South Benguella, but the occiput and hind-neck are uniform black without white and yellow stripes, the yellow and black colour on the vertex being sharply defined ; the sides of the head are pure white; the Vol. xxi. | 48 yellow stripes on the throat fewer and shorter, and the: feathers of the crop have pale yellow margins. Hab. North Angola. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Duque de Braganza, 5. vil. 03: W. J. Ansorge coll, All the specimens collected by v. Mechow im North Angola (Berlin Mus.) belonged to the present form, while in North Benguella intermediate examples occurred. Mr. C. H. T. Wuitenszap exhibited specimens of a Bulbul discovered by Major Magrath in Bannu. He proposed to call it MOo.LPasTES MAGRATHI, sp. n. This apparently undescribed form is intermediate in ap- pearauce between M. intermedius and M. leucotis. It has the ear-coverts white like the latter, and the back is ashy brown, not so sandy as in JZ. lewcotis. In the latter the line of the black head is sharply defined on the occiput, and contrasts with the brown back, whereas in M. magrathi the mantle is mottled with dusky blackish middles to the feathers. The throat is black down to the fore-neck, the chest mottled with black middles to the feathers; this is quite different from the appearance of the breast in M. inter- medius. The vent is orange. The middle tail-feathers are tipped with white to about the same extent as in M. inéer- medius. Total length 7:2 inches, culmen 0°6, wing 3°4, tail 3°15, tarsus 0°85. Dr. Sciater exhibited two eggs of the Collared Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) from Durban, Natal, which he had lately received from Mr. D. Millar, Col.M.B.0.U. He stated that Mr. Millar had found this bird, which was usually considered as merely a straggler to South Africa, breeding in large numbers on some ploughed lands on the sea-coast about twelve miles from Durban. Mr. Millar had examined thirteen nests, each of which contained two eggs, mostly quite fresh, on November 16th, 1907. 49 [Vol. xxi. Dr. Sciarer also called attention to the male of the Greater Bird-of-Paradise (Paradisea apoda) living in the new Bird-house at the Zoological Gardens. At the present time it was in full plumage and could be induced by the keeper to give an exhibition of its courting-display, which was a most remarkable spectacle. The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 19th of February, 1908, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. {[N.B—Members who intend to make any communication at the next meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. | (Signed) P. L. Sctatrer, W. R. Ocitvie-Grant, H. F. Witnersy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. & Treas. BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. No. CXL. Tue hundred and thirty-ninth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 19th of February, 1908. Chairman: R. Bowpier SuHarre, LL.D. Members present :—P. H. Baur, E. Binwe1t, 8. Boorman, W.R. Burrerrie tp, J. B. Dopsiz, H. E. Dresser, E. V. Fare, H. J. Evwes, F.R.S., F. Griuerr, N. Girroy, J. H. Gurney, Rev. J. R. Hats, G. M. Maruews, E. G. B. Merape-Waxpo, Hon. E. S. Monracu, M.P., H. Munz, O. Neumann, J. B. Nicnots, W. R. Ocitvin-Granr (Editor), C. E. Pearson, H. J. Pearson, F. G. Penrosz, M.D., Major F. W. Proctor, W. P. Pycrarz, R. H. Reap, C. B. Ricxerr, H. Scuzrren, C. B. Ticrnurst, M.D., N. F. Ticenurst, F.R.C.S., H. M. Wattis, 8. J. Wain, H. F. Wirnersy (Sec. and Treas.). Visitors :—Rev. H. M. Bonar, Cxuirrorp Borrer, C. E. Faaan, C. T. Raean. Mr. Rusxin Burrerrirep, on behalf of Mr. J. B. Nicuots, exhibited a male and female White-winged Lark (Melano- corypha stbirica, Gmel.),from Pevensey Sluice, Sussex. The male was shot on the 30th of December, 1907, and the female on the lst of January, 1908. Both specimens were examined [February 29th, 1908. } VOU, XXI. Vol. xxi. | 52 by the exhibitor in the flesh. The records of the occurrence of this species in the British Islands were as follows :—(1) 9, near Brighton, 22. xi. 1869 (cf. Borrer, ‘ Birds of Sussex,’ p. 113)5 (2) fo, Woodchurch, “Kent, 272. 1902; (G)ee Woodchurch, 28. i. 1902 [N. F. Ticehurst, Bull. B. O.C. xii. no. Ixxxvi. p. 50 (1902)]; @, Woodchurch, 22. iii. 1902 [N. F. Ticehurst, Bull. B. O. C. xiii. no. xci. p. 14 (1902)]. Other occurrences in the Western Palearctic area were given in Dr. Hartert’s ‘Die Vogel der paldarktischen Fauna,’ Heft 2, p. 211 (1904). The specimens exhibited were in the collection of Mr. J. B. Nichols. Mr. H. E. Dresser exhibited eggs of various species of birds and read the following notes :— “'TURDUS NAUMANNI, Temm. “Tn “The Ibis’ (1903, p. 88, pl. m1. figs. 1,2; a.a0)me described and figured four eggs of this species obtained by Mr. Leyborne Popham on the Yenesei River, Siberia, in 1900, with the female bird, which was certainly Turdus naumanni ; but the female obtained with another clutch was a hybrid between Turdus naumanni and T. dubius, Bechst. Mr. Buturlin pointed out to me that on the Yenesei the Thrushes hybridise so freely that it would be agvisable to procure eggs from some locality where hybrids were not likely to occur, and he has now sent me four eggs, which are certainly those of the true Turdus naumanni, obtained on the Lena on the 12th of June, 1907. With them I also exhibit one of the four eggs obtained by Mr. Popham on the Yenesei, which, as will be seen, differs, though not much, from those from the Lena. The nest, which I also exhibit, is very solidly built of clay and straws, like that of a Red- wing, and is almost as hard as if it were made of stone. “CaPRIMULGUS aGYPTIUS, Licht. “A clutch of two eggs collected in Seistan, Persia, on the 15th of June, 1896, by Mr. Zarudny, sent to me by Professor Bianchi, of the Imperial Zoological Museum of St. Petersburg. 53 [ Vol. xxi. * Popoces PLeskil, Zarudny. “A clutch of two eggs collected by Mr. Zarudny at Ralat- Kazy, Persia, on the 10th of May, 1906. ‘These, as will be seen, are very like the eggs of Lanius eacubitor. “ GRUS LEUCOGERANUS, Pall. “One egg of a clutch of two collected in N.E. Siberia, received from Dr. Bianchi. “'TRINGA RUFICOLLIS, Pall. “A clutch of four eggs taken by Dr. Bunge in the Delta of the Lena on the 6th of July, received from Dr. Bianchi. They resemble eggs of Tringa minuta, but are more boldly marked. “JT may remark that the Imperial Zoological Museum of St. Petersburg is the only Museum which possesses authentic eggs of the three last-named species, excepting those of Grus leucogeranus, laid by birds in captivity.” Dr, E. Harrerr sent for exhibition a new subspecies of Sand-Grouse, which was described as follows :— PTEROCLES BICINCTUS MULTICOLOR, subsp. n. Pterocles bicinctus, Grant (nec Temm.), Cat. Birds B. M. xxl. p. 80 (1898) [part.]. Adult male. Similar to the male of P. b. bicinctus, Temm., from South-west Africa (Orange River System to Benguella) , but more brightly coloured. The upperside irregularly barred and marked with black and rufous-buff, with a white terminal blotch on each feather and with the black bars on the underside broader and straighter. Adult female. Similar to the female of P. b. bicinctus, but more brightly coloured, with irregular black and rufous- buff bars on the upperside and with somewhat broader black bars on the breast and belly. Hab. South-east Africa; Limpopo River System. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Rustenburg, Transvaal, ix. 93. W. Ayres coll. Obs. The male of P. 6. bicinctus had the upperside olive- Vol. xxi. | 54. colour, with markings of a paler and darker shade, but with no distinct black or rufous-buff markings. Through the kindness of Dr. van Oort, Prof. Neumann had been able to compare the series from Benguella in the Tring Museum with the types of P. bicinctus, Temminck. These latter had been procured by Levaillant at the Great Fish River, German S8.W. Africa, and were found to be absolutely identical with the Benguella birds both in size and colour. [The differences between the paler examples of P. bicinctus from Damaraland and the darker forms from the Transvaal have already been pointed out [cf Cat. Birds B. M. xxii. p- 31, footnote (1893)]. As already noted in that work, examples from Kuruman, in the British Museum, form a perfectly intermediate link between the paler western and darker eastern birds.—Eb. | Prof. Neumann described and exhibited examples of the following new African birds collected by Mr. Rudolf Grauer on the Upper Kagera River and on the western chain of the Kivu Volcanoes. The type specimens were preserved in the Tring Museum :— RUWENZORORNIS JONHSTONI KIVUENSIS, subsp. n. Adult male. Similar to R. 7. johnstoni, Sharpe, from Ruwenzori, but at once distinguished by having the area between the bill and the eye and below the latter feathered, and covered with metallic green plumage; the culmen is | more elevated at the basal part than in R. 7. johnstont. Hab. Western Kivu Volcanoes.. Type: ¢@. 27.vui. 07. (2400 m.) Obs. The fact that this second form of Ruwenzorornis has the region before and below the eye feathered renders it necessary to modify the generic characters originally given, the shape of the bill and the longitudinai nostrils being now the only characters that distinguish this genus from Gallirex. 55 [Vol. xxi. EstRiILDA ATRICAPILLA GRAUERI, subsp. n. Adult male. Similar to E. a. atricapilla, Verr., from Camaroon and Gaboon, but with the sides of the head, chin, and upper throat white, instead of grey, and the rump, upper tail-coverts, sides of the breast, and flanks of a deeper and duller red. Wing 47 mm. Hab. Western Kivu Volcanoes. Type: ¢. Mt. Sabjingo (2700 m.), 1. ix. 07. CINNYRIS AFRA GRAUERI, subsp. n. Adult male. Similar to C. a. ludovicensis, Boc., from Mossamedes, but the upper tail-coverts are purple, as in C. afra and C. reichenowi, instead of blue; the edges of the wing-feathers distinctly olive-green ; the belly more strongly washed with olive; and the pectoral tufts deeper yellow. From C. a. stuhlmanni, Reich., it may be at once distinguished by its smaller bill. Culmen 18-19 mm. ; wing 63-65 mm. Hab. Western Kivu Volcanoes. Type: ¢. 2l.vi.07. (2400 m.) TURDINUS PYRRHOPTERUS KIVUENSIS, subsp. n. Adult female. Similar to T. p. pyrrhopterus (Reich. & Neum.,= 7. jacksoni, Sharpe), from Mau and Nandi, but with the head grey like the crop, only the hind-neck being washed with olive. In TJ. p. pyrrhopterus the head is of the same olive-colour as the back, rump, wings, and tail. Hab. Western Kivu Volcanoes. Type: 2. Mt. Sabjingo (2700 m.), 30. viii. 07. BRADYPTERUS BRACHYPTERUS CENTRALIS, subsp. n. Adult female. Similar to B. b. brachypterus (Vieill.) from South Africa and to B. b. abyssinicus (Weld-Blund. & Lovat) from Lake Zwai, which are closely allied forms, but with the black streaks of the lower throat more distinct; the flanks, belly, under tail-coverts, and the rest of the dark parts of the underside olive-brown, not rufous-brown; and the upperside slightly more olive and less rufous. Wing 53-56 mm.; tarsus 19-20 mm. Vol. xxi.] 56 Hab. East and East Central Africa, from Kikuyu to Lake Kivu. Type: @. Between Mkingo and Muhera, 6. vii. 07. BRADYPTERUS GRAUERI, Sp. N. Adult male. Similar to B. 6. brachypterus and the allied subspecies, but larger, with a distinct white eyebrow as in B. cinnamomeus, Riipp., and with distinct black patches on the chin and throat, small on the chin and upper throat, but becoming large and rounded on the lower throat. Wing 65 mm. ; tarsus 23 mm. Hab. Western Kivu Volcanoes. Type: ¢. Swamp (2200 m.), 17. vii. 07. TURDUS GRAUERI, Sp. n. Adult male and female. Most nearly allied to T. stormsz, Hartl., from Tanganyika, and as in that species the white throat and olive-grey crop are strongly suffused with orange, and the breast and belly deep orange-brown. It differs, however, in having the middle of the belly and under tail-coverts white, the latter more or less suffused with orange. The lores and space round the eyes are feathered and not bare as in T. tephronotus, Cab., and T. storms; only the space behind the eye being bare, as in the other species of the group. Bill yellow; feet brown. Wing 119-122 mm. Hab. Countries between the Kagera River and Lake Kivu. Type: 9. Nsasa, 11. vii. 07. TURDUS OLIVACEUS BAMBUSICOLA, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to T. 0. elgonensis, Sharpe, from Elgon, Mau, and Kikuyu, and to T. 0. baraka, Sharpe, from Ruwenzori, but the upperside and crop are more olive and not pure grey, and are also somewhat paler. ‘l’he chin and upper throat are white with distinct black streaks. In this respect the species most nearly resembles 7. 0. rechli, Reich., from the Usambara Mts., but is distinguished by its larger size and by having no white central stripe on the breast 57 [Vol. xxi. and belly. Bill red ; feet light brown or yellow. Wing 113- 120 mm. Hab. Western Kivu Volcanoes. Type: $. Bamboo Forest (2300-2400 m.), 23. viii. 07. Prof. Neumann also described and (with the exception of Apus reichenowi and Lagonosticta rara forbesi) exhibited examples of the following new African birds :— CHZ&TURA USSHERI BENGUELLENSIS, subsp. n. Adult male, Similar to C. u. stictilema, Reich., from East Africa, but paler brown. Wing 139 mm. Hab. Benguella. : Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Blasbalk Fontein, 26. x1.05: W. J. Ansorge coll. CH@TURA USSHERI SHARPEI, subsp. n. Chetura stictolema, Sharpe (nec Reich.), Ibis, 1904, p. 612. Adult male and female. Similar to C. u. usshert, Sharpe, from the Gold Coast, but larger and much darker, the upper- side being almost black with a faint greenish gloss. The white band across the abdomen is very narrow and slightly separated from the white band across the rump, which is hkewise much narrower than in C. wu. ussheri; the feathers of the throat with a dark sooty-black basal portion and a broad sooty-black margin, giving the throat a scaled ap- pearance, very different from that of C. u. stictilema and C. u. benguellensis. Wing. 143-148 mm. Hab. South Camaroon. Type in the Tring Museum: g. Efulen, 15.iv.02: W. L. Bates coll. APUS REICHENOWI, sp. 0. Adult male. Similar in colour and size to A. equatorialis, v. Miill., but the feathers of the under surface are without Vol. xxi.j 58 the white edge and dark subterminal bar, the whole under- side, with the exception of the whitish chin and throat, being uniform sooty brown. Hab. Mountains of Masailand. Type in the Berlin Museum: ¢. Donje Erok, north- west of Kilimanjaro, x1.02: C. G. Schillings coll. Obs. On Donje Erok this species lives side by side with A. equatorialis and other Swifts. PLOCEUS HEUGLINI NEGLECTUS, subsp. n. Adult male. Similar to P. hk. heuglhni, Reich., from the Bahr-el-Ghazal and Welle Regions, but the golden-yellow of the head reaches only to above the eyes, the hinder part being greenish-yellow like the back; while in P. h. heuglinz the whole head down to the hind-neck is golden-yellow. The remainder of the upperside is greenish, while in P. h. heuglinz it is yellowish. Wing 70-72 mm. Hab. Upper Guinea, from Senegal to the Niger. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Gassam, Senegal, 29. viii.07: F. W. Riggenbach coll. LAGONOSTICTA RARA FORBESI, subsp. n. Adult male. Similar to L. r. rara, Antin., from the Bahr-el- Ghazal and White Nile Regions, but the red portions of the plumage are brighter, this difference being most obvious on the throat, breast, and upper tail-coverts. The bill has a light area in front of the nostrils. Wing 47 mm. Adult female. Differs from that of L.7. rara in being more brown aud less grey, and apparently in lacking the pink shade on the upperside. Hab. Niger River. Type in the British Museum: ¢. Lokoja, 9.ix.82: W. A. Forbes coll. (¢f. Ibis, 1883, pp. 518, 553). LAGONOSTICTA RHODOPAREIA ANSORGEI, subsp. n. Adult male. Similar to L. 7. rhodopareia, Heugl., from the Bogos Country, but the whole head is strongly washed with 59 [Vol. xxi. crimson. The upperside is roe-brown without any grey shade, and the crimson colour of the underside lighter and more brilliant. Bill entirely slate-grey. Adult female. Differs from the male in having an olive- brown head without any rosy or crimson wash, but with a crimson patch between the bill and the eye ; and the underside brown, more or less washed with pink. Wing 46-51 mm. Hab. Angola, from Pungo Andongo to South Benguella. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Kabisombo River near Quillengues, Benguella, 1.11.05: W. J. Ansorge coll. Obs. This was the only form of the group, except the true L. rhodopareia from N. Abyssinia, with a roe-brown upper- side. L.r. congica, Sharpe, from the Upper Congo and Lake Region (=L. uganda, Salvad.), and all other forms of the group had the upperside dark olive-brown, more or less shaded with slaty-grey [¢f. Orn. Monatsber. xv. pp. 167-168 (1907) ]. The group of Lagonosticta with black under tail-coverts seemed to be a difficult one to deal with, as sometimes two forms occurred side by side, viz., L. r. ansorget and L. landane in Angola, and ZL. r. hematocephala and L. gamesoni in German East Africa. ZOSTEROPS ABYSSINICA SOCOTRANA, Subsp. n. Adult male and female. Very similar to Z. a. abyssinica, but distinguished by the dark, almost blackish bill and dark feet, these parts being flesh-coloured in Z. a. abyssinica ; the underside is whiter. Hab. Sokotra. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Dahamis, Sokotra, 20. xii. 98: Ogilvie-Grant and Forbes coll.*. * (The soft parts of Zosterops abyssinica from Sokotra are recorded in the flesh as follows: “ bill and legs greyish-brown, with a whitish mark at the base of the lower mandible ” (Ogilvte-Grant). Z. abyssinica from South Abyssinia has the soft parts recorded in the flesh as “bill and legs dark brown” (Lovat) or “ bill olive-green, feet tinged with greenish” (Degen).—Ep. | Vol. xxix] 60 ZOSTEROPS POLIOGASTRA ERLANGERI, subsp. n. Zosterops poliogaster, Sharpe (nec Heugl.), Cat. Birds B. M. ix. p. 169 (1884) [part.] ; Reichenow, Vog. Afr. iii. p. 434 (1905). Adult male and female. Differ from all other species of Zosterops from Africa with a grey or whitish breast and belly in having the forehead and whole fore-part of the crown golden-yellow. For further description the above quotations may be compared. Named in honour of the late Baron Carlo v. Erlanger. Hab. High mountains of South Ethiopia (Shoa, Harar, Arussi Mountains, and the Omo Region). Type in the Tring Museum: g. Gadat im Gofa, 31.1.01: O. Neumann coll. Obs. The true Z. poliogastra, Heugl., from the Simen Mts. in North Abyssinia (of which the three typical specimens, kindly lent by Prof. Lampert of Stuttgart and Dr. van Oort of Leyden, were exhibited), had a yellow superciliary stripe, which was much exaggerated in the figure given in the ‘Ibis,’ 1861, pl. xiii., but scarcely any yellow on the forehead. It more nearly resembled Z. annulosa (Sw.) (=Z. capensis, Sund.) and Z. madagascariensis, L., than Z.p. erlangeri ; but some specimens from Shoa and the Harar Mountains seemed to be intermediate. Mr. W. R. Oeitvie-Grant made a few remarks regarding some of the birds which Prof. Neumann had just described as new. He said that the Members of the Club had been told that certain forms, such as “ Turdinus pyrrhopterus kivuensis,’ were well-marked subspecies, but he wished those present to have an opportunity of judging for themselves whether such was really the case. He had, therefore, brought with him a series of specimens of Turdinus pyrrhopterus (Reich. & Neumann), and of the so-called T. p. kivuensis, Neumann, displayed in such a way that the distinctive characters said to be found in the coloration of the head could be easily seen and compared. ‘The description of the latter form (vide supra, p. 55) was based on a single 61 [Vol. xxi. example from the Western Kivu Volcanoes; but the British Museum possessed a number of skins procured on Ruwen- zori, which were considered by Prof. Neumann to be identical with his type specimen. On examining these it would be seen that the colour of the top of the head varied slightly in different individuals, some being rather greyer and others more olive in tint, but that, allowing for slight individual variation, they differed in no way from typical examples of T. pyrrhopterus from the Nandi and Mau Escarpment. Mr. Ogilvie-Grant said that neither he nor other ornitho- logists, who had carefully examined the series, had been able to detect any reason for separating the two sets of skins ; and he would leave it to the Members of the Club to judge for themselves whether Prof. Neumann was really justified in giving a new name to the bird from the Kivu Volcanoes. Mr. Ogilvie-Grant deplored the present system adopted by certain naturalists of appealing to minute indi- vidual differences for the purpose of establishing what they were pleased to term new subspecies. Such work rendered the identification of birds almost impossible, and, without adding to our knowledge of distribution, could only bring discredit on systematic biology. Prof. Neumann replied that he could easily distinguish the two forms of Turdinus, and he believed that any Member of the Club, who examined the series in daylight, would see the differences as clearly as he did himself. Regarding Mr. Ogilvie-Grant’s remarks as to what would bring credit or discredit on systematic biology, Prof. Neu- mann preferred not to give any personal opinion at the present time, as his views were so entirely different from those of Mr. Ogilvie-Grant with regard to geographical forms. He was content to associate himself with the senti- ments expressed by Dr. Hartert (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 892) and by Mr. Hellmayr (J. f. O. 1903, pp. 394, 404). The Hon. E. S. Monracu exhibited a female Pheasant assuming male plumage, which had been shot at the end of November, at Hovingham Spa, Yorkshire. Vol. xxi.] 62 A discussion followed, during which instances of so-called “mule ” Pheasants laying and hatching eggs were given by Mr. Meade-Waldo and others. Mr. Montagu also exhibited two pairs of Golden Orioles (Oriolus galbula), shot at the end of last May in Hungary, near Budapest: one pair at Iszaak and the other pair at Szigetesép. In each case the male and the female were practically identical, and the male appeared to be simply an immature example of this common bird; but in each case the birds had been shot at the nest, and the males were in full song, showing undoubtedly that they were breeding. This would seem to imply that the Oriole takes more than a year to acquire its full plumage, and, like the Crossbill and some other birds, breeds in the immature dress. These facts had not previously been noted either by the local ornitho- logists in Hungary, nor apparently by the Members of the British Ornithologists’ Club. Dr. Bowpzer Suarre, on behalf of Mr. E. C. Cuuss, Assistant Curator in the Rhodesia Museum, Buluwayo, exhibited a specimen of an apparently new species of Poliospiza, which Mr. Chubb proposed to call PoLIosPIZA MENNELLI, sp. ni. 3. Similis P. gulari, sed supra paulo grisescentior: pileo nigro, late albo striato ; facie laterali et regione parotica nigris, concoloribus ; subtus albus, minime concolor, sed gutture, pectore et corporis lateribus cinerascenti- brunneo striatis; abdomine et subcaudalibus albis; subalaribus et axillaribus cinerascenti-albis. Long. tot. c. 5:0 poll., culmen 0°5, ale 3°15, caude 2:0, tarsi 0°55. Hab. Tjoko’s Kraal, Shangani River, Rhodesia, 8. xi. 07. Mr. S.J. Waite exhibited a nest of the Swallow (Hirundo rustica) which had been built on a glass gas-protector in his stable at Crayford, Kent. 6a" [Vol. xxi. Mr. J. B. Nicwots exhibited a male example of the Grey-backed Warbler (Aédon familiaris) which had been - shot at Hythe, Kent, on the 15th of July, 1907. The species had already been recorded and figured in ‘British Birds’ [ef. i. p. 257 (1908)], but had not previously been exhibited. Mr. W. P. Pycrarr gave a short account of his pre- liminary investigations into the source of the peculiar powder which permeates the plumage of Pigeons. He remarked that, so far as could at present be determined, this powder was of the same nature as that which was formed by the peculiar powder-down patches of Herons, or of the isolated powder-down feathers of Parrots and some Accipitres. In the Pigeon, however,—at any rate in the Wood- Pigeon,—it was difficult to trace the source of this powder to any particular form of feather, though it seemed clear that it was formed by the semiplumous feathers lying on each side of the body, immediately over the thoracic ribs. Though it had long been known that Pigeons give off large quantities of peculiar powder, it had never until now been suggested that this was of the same nature as the powder formed by “ powder-down ” feathers. That this was so there could be little room for doubt, but the exact source of the supply, and the manner of its formation, had not as yet been ascertained, though, it was hoped, the investigations now in hand would solve this mystery. The Meeting of the Club to be held in April will be devoted to a show of lantern-slides, and those who wish to exhibit are requested to inform the. Editor of their intention to do so as soon as possible. Vol. xxi.] 64 The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 18th of March, 1908, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. | (Signed) R. Bowpier SHarre, W.R.Ocitvie-Grant, H. F.WitHersy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. & Treas. BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. No. CXLI. Tue hundred and fortieth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 18th of March, 1908. Chairman: R. Bowpier Suarre, LL.D. Members present :—K. Bipwe.t, H. E. Dresser, E. V. Earze, F. W. Fronawk, Ear or Garnsporovuen, E. Gisson, F. H. Carrutners Goutp, Rev. J. R. Haus, F. W. Heaptey, Commander H. Lynres, G. M. Maruews, Hon. E. S. Montacu, M.P., H. Munt, O. Neumann, W. R. Ocitviz- Grant (Lditor), T. Parxin, C. E. Pearson, H. J. Pearson, F. G. Penrosz, M.D., A. E. Price, Major F. W. Procror, W. P. Pycrart, F. R. Ratcuirr, C. B. Rickert, A. D. SaprswortH, F. C. Sertous, C. B. Ticenurst, M.D., N. F. Ticrworst, F.R.C.S., H. M. Wattis, Capt. L. A. WitiiaMs, H. F. Wirnersy (Sec. and Treas.). Visitors :—J. M. Barton, H. A. A. Domsrain, C. H. B. Grant, C. J. Tatspot Ponsonsy, G. Wirnerineton, R. B. W oosnamM. Dr. BowpLer Suarre introduced Mr. Ciaupr Grant to the Members of the Club and stated that he had just returned from a seven years’ collecting-trip in South Africa on behalf of the Rudd Exploring Expedition. (March 30th, 1908.) VOL, XXI, Vol. xxi.] 66 Mr. Grant exhibited some interesting species which had been procured by him in various parts of the territory traversed. Amongst these were some forms new to the avifauna of South Africa :-— Francolinus kirki from Beira. Turacus reichenowit from Beira. Campothera filleborm from Beira. Chetura anchiete ? from Tete, Zambesi. Sigmodus scopifrons from Beira. Pytelia afra from Gorongoza district. One of the most interesting discoveries was the occurrence at Mhambane of the long-lost species Hypargus margaritatus (Strickland), which was described in 1844. Since that date no example of this species had been seen. At Beira Mr. Grant met with H. niveiguttatus, Peters, and it was found that the females of these two species were quite different from one another. The female of H. niveiguttatus had an ashy-brown head, contrasting with the rusty-brown back, while the throat and chest were rusty-brown with a slight wash of crimson ; and the remainder of the under-surface was dusky ash-colour, with numerous white spots, except on the middle of the breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts. In the female of H. margaritatus the head was rusty- brown like the back, the sides of the face and eyebrows were grey, the throat and chest light slaty-grey, the middle of the body pure white, and the sides black, plentifully spotted with white. Mr. Grant also exhibited a curious example of an im- mature Bee-eater (Merops natalensis, Reichenb.) in which the colour of the plumage was changing without a moult. The red colour of the throat was gradually extending over the breast, but no moult was in progress. An interesting example of a red phase of Scops capensis was also shown. 67 [Vol. xxi. A discussion then arose regarding the change of colour without a moult in the specimen of Merops natalensis exhibited by Mr. Grant, and Mr. W. P. Pycrarr remarked that the evidence so far available seemed to lend but little support to the assumption often made, that full-grown feathers could change their colour by an influx of pigment travelling up the shaft and along the barbs of the feathers. The red colour of these feathers, he pointed out, was not due to red pigment, but to structural peculiarities of the horny surface ; and it might, therefore, be supposed that the different hues observable in the red breast of this particular specimen represented so many stages in the process of shedding an outer layer masking the surface-markings which gave rise to the full colour effect. Dr. C. B. Trcenursr and Mr. H. F. Wiruersy also joined in the discussion. Dr. Bowpier Suarpre described a new species of Weaver- Finch, obtained by Mr. Claude Grant, as PYRENESTES GRANTI, sp. 0. gd. Similis P. coccineo, sed minor, rostro valde minore : notzo olivaceo-griseo, supracaudalibus scarlatinis : pileo antico et vertice, cum facie laterali, et gutture toto scarlatinis: corpore reliquo subtus olivascenti-brunneo, Long. tot. 4°4 poll., culmen 0°5, alze 2°3, caudex 2-2, tarsi O'7. Hab. Beira, 27. xii. 06. Dr. Bowpiter SuHaree exhibited a skin of a new species of Bird-of-Paradise, which he proposed to call LosorRHAMPHUS PTILORHIS, Sp. n. Velutino-niger, purpurascenti-cupreo vix oleaceo nitens: pileo metallico, paulo letiore, aliter dorso concolori, plumis nasalibus dense velutinis: facie laterali pileo concolori; gutture oleaceo-viridi, chlamyde prepectorali plerumque metallice rubescenti-purpureo, sed plumis nonnullis chalybeo-viridi marginatis: corpore reliquo subtus velutino-nigro, plumis hypochondriacis elongatis nigris ; rostro et pedibus nigris ; rictu ad basin tumido membrana flava ornato. Long. tot. c. 13°5 poll., culm, 1°3, ale 7°1, caude 6:2, tarsi 21. Vol. xxi.] 68 Hab. Said to be Dutch New Guinea. Received from Mr. G. K. Dunstall. Obs. This new species is larger than L. nobilis, one of the typical specimens of which has been brought for comparison from the Tring Museum by Prof. Oscar Neumann. It differs further in having a gloss of reddish-purple over the back and wings. There is not any sign of steel-blue on the crown, as in L. nobilis. The sides of face and ear-coverts are also of a purplish-copper, not of an oily green, as in L. nobilis. The shield on the throat and fore-neck shows much more metallic steel-green than in the smaller species. Professor Neumann described and exhibited examples of the following new African birds, the types of which (with the exception of Halcyon albiventris erlangeri) were in the Tring Museum :— PTILOPACHUS FUSCUS BREHMI, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to P. f. fuscus (Vieill.) from West Africa, but paler and of a more rufous sand- colour all over. The upperside and tail vermiculated with brown and rufous sand-colour, and with pure rufous longi- tudinal streaks on the hind-neck and back. No trace of black or dark grey on the upperside and scarcely any on the underside. Wing 122-130 mm. 3 Hab. Kordofan. Type: 9. Jebel Melpes, 4. v.48: Alfred Brehm coll. PrILOPACHUS FUSCUS MAJOR, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to P. f. fuscus, but much larger and somewhat darker, and with the longitudinal markings on the hind-neck, back, and underside narrower and browner. The whitish or ochraceous-yellow patch on the breast smaller than in P. f. fuscus and P. f. brehmi. Wing 130-133 mm. Hab. North Abyssinia. ; Type: g. Arba Schiko, Erythrea, 16. iii08; G, Schrader coll. a wat g 69 [Vol. xxi. ASTUR RIGGENBACHI, Sp. 0. Adult male. Similar to A. sphenurus, Riipp., but with the upperside much darker and like that of A. soloensis, Lath. The throat and upper breast uniform dark vinous-buff with- out white bars; the lower breast, belly, thighs, and under wing-coverts barred with vinous-buff and white; and the under tail-coverts uniform white. Wing 177 mm.; tail 157 mm.; tarsus 45 mm. Nearly adult female. Differs from the adult male in having the throat and upper breast barred with white, the white bars becoming well-defined and broader on the lower breast and belly; the ground-colour much darker than in JA. sphe- nurus. There are some dark brown patches on the under wing-coverts. Wing 185 mm.; tail 169 mm.; tarsus 47 mm. Obs. Except as regards the different colour of the under wing-coverts and secondary quills, in which the white at the basal part is much reduced or absent, this new species more nearly resembles A. soloensis than A. sphenurus. Hab. Senegal. Type: go. Gassam, east of Thiés, 7. ix.07: F. W. Rig- genbach coll. CH&TURA SABINI OGOWENSIS, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to C. s. sabini, Gray, from Sierra Leone, but much smaller. Wing 115-126 mm., as compared with 132 mm. in C. s. sabini. Hab. Ogowe and Aruwimi Rivers, Loango and Fer- nando Po. Type: g. Lake Onange, Ogowe River, 17. vii. 07: W. J. Ansorge coll. Obs. The wings of eight specimens from Fernando Po (British and Tring Museums) measure 115-121 mm.; of nine specimens from the Ogowe (Tring Museum) 116-122 mm. ; of two specimens from the Aruwimi (British and Tring Museums) 116 and 120 mm. respectively. ‘Two specimens from the Ogowe measure 124 mm. and another 126 mm, Vol. xxi.] piles 60 Sr@MODUS CANICEPS HARTERTI, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to S. ¢. caniceps, Bonap., which ranges from Sierra Leone to Togo, but somewhat smaller; the blue-grey of the head encircles the eye, the area below the eye measuring from 4 to 6 mm. in width. The chin and throat are black, as in S. ¢. caniceps, and the lower belly is as pale as in that form, or even paler. Culmen 20-22 mm.; wing 105-115 mm. (mostly 105— 110 mm.). Hab. Southern Nigeria. Type: g. Degama, 15. i. 02: W. J. Ansorge coll. Obs. There are no less than eighteen examples of this new bird in the Tring Museum, collected at Degama, Gregani, and Oguta by Dr. Ansorge, and at the Amambara Creek by Mr. Braham. GYMNORIS PYRGITA PALLIDA, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to G. p. pyrgita, Heugl., from Bogosland, Eastern Abyssinia, and the Galla country, but everywhere much paler. Wing, 88 mm., ? 80-82 mm. Hab. The Sudan, from the region of Khartum to Senegal. Type: ¢. Shendy, White Nile, 26.1.01: Hon. N. C. Rothschild and A. F. R. Wollaston coll. GYMNORIS PYRGITA MASSAICA, Subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to G. p. pyrgita, Heugl., but larger and darker, and with a stronger bill. Wing, 3 89-92 mm., ? 85-87 mm. Hab. British and German East Africa. Type: ¢. Escarpment Station, Kikuyu, 1. 00: W. Doherty coll. PassER GRISEUS ABYSSINICUS, nom. n. Passer swainsoni, auct. (nec. Riipp.). Adult male and female. Differ from all other subspecies of Passer griseus in having the chin and throat grey like the crop and breast, or slightly paler, but not white. For further description, Sharpe (Cat. Birds B. M. xi. p. 835) and Reichenow (Vég. Afr. iil. p. 228) may be compared. 71 PVol2 xx. Hab. Abyssinia and the Galla country southwards to Lake Rudolf. Type: ¢. Ghadi-Saati, Mareb River, Erythrea, 10. 11.03: G. Schrader coll. Obs. Riippell (‘ Neue Wirbeltiere,’ p. 94, pl. 33) says that in the male of P. swainsoni the throat and belly are paler than the rest of the underparts, while in the female there is a pure white streak down the throat. He gives as localities : Abyssinia, Sennaar, Kordofan, and the West Coast of Africa. The. plate shows a bird with a distinct white throat. Prof. Romer, of the Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt-a.-M., has kindly lent me the three typical specimens, which all prove on examination to be white-throated birds, though the white throat is more distinct in one male and in the female than in the second male. These birds are identical in colour with birds collected by the Hon. N. C. Rothschild and Mr. Wollaston at Naikhala, Atbara River, and by Mr. H. F. Witherby at Shebesha and Khartum. The grey-throated bird from the Abyssinian highlands is therefore without a name, as Pyrgita crassirostris, Heugl., from Fazogloa is probably the same form as that found at Khartum. 7 HAtcyon ALBIVENTRIS ERLANGERL, subsp. n. Halcyon albiventris orientalis, Erlanger (nec Peters), J. f. Orn. 1905, p. 447. Adult male and female. Similar to LH. a. orientalis, Peters, from Mozambique and German East Africa, but much smaller. Wing 92-97 mm. flab. Southern Somaliland. Type in the Ingelheim Museum: @. Bardera, 1.v:.01: C. v. Erlanger coll. Mr. W. R. Ocrivis-Grant exhibited and described examples of two new species of Grass-Warbler (Cistico/a), which he proposed to name :— CisTICOLA BELLI, sp. n. Adult male. Most nearly allied to C. chubbi, Sharpe, and, as in that species, the lores are black, but it differs in Vol, xxi. | 72 the following particulars: the bill is longer and more slender ; the back and wing-coverts greyer brown; the tail much shorter (%. e. 54 mm., as compared with 65 mm. in C. chubbi), with the middle pair of feathers conspicuously barred and the outer pairs tipped with grey and edged with white (not with buff or clay-colour). The outer edges of the primary-quills are conspicuously rufous-brown. From C. woosnami, which is also found in the same locality, it is at once distinguished by having the bill longer and less curved ; the under mandible black, instead of pale horn; the lores black instead of white, and the back greyer, contrasting with the reddish-brown crown. Iris hazel ; bill black ; feet hight brown. Total length ca. 5°2 inches; culmen 0°65; wing 2°35; tail 2:05 ; tarsus 1:0. Hab. Muhokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 31. v. 06. Obs. This species inhabits the papyrus-swamps. It is named in honour of Mr. W. A. Bell, one of the subscribers to the Ruwenzori Expedition. CiIsTICOLA WOOSNAMI, Sp. 0. Adult male and female. Most nearly allied to C. riifgyie Reich., and, as in that species, the lores are white; but the bill is shorter, the culmen more curved, the under mmandiiile always pale horn-colour; the upperparts much lighter and of an olive-brown. Iris hazel; upper mandible black; lower mandible whitish horn-colour ; feet flesh-colour. &. Total length ca. 5-0 inches; culmen 0°55; wing 2'6; fails tarsus 0:9. 2. Total length ca. 4°7 inches ; culmen 0°57; wing 2°15; tail 1°8; tarsus 0°85. Hab. South-east Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., v.06. Obs. A large series of specimens was collected in the dry acacia-country surrounding the south end of the range. Mr. R. B. Woosnam, the leader of the Ruwenzori Expedition, who had procured the type-specimens of both the above species of Grass-Warbler, made the following 73 [ Vol. xxi. remarks regarding their different notes and the nature of the country in which they were procured. He said :—“ My experience of the different species of Cisticola teaches me that it is always far more difficult to separate the species when they are dead and Jaid out in rows, no matter how large the series, than when the birds are seen alive, especially if one can hear their notes. In the case of C. belli and C. woosnami, which have just been described, the difference between their notes is very striking, and each has a song unlike that of any other species of the genus with which I am acquainted, “The nearest ally of C. belli is C. chubbi, Sharpe, which was originally described from Mt. Elgon, and is met with among the elephant-grass on Ruwenzori at an elevation of from 5000 to 7000 feet. It is a very common bird and its loud note is one of the first to attract attention. “C. belli is not found on the mountains and was only met with in the dense papyrus-swamps along the shores of the lakes or courses of streams. Its note is totally different from that of C. chubbi, and is best described as resembling the latter part of the song of the Yellow Hammer. “The other new species, C. woosnami, which is nearest to C. rufopileata, Reich., is found among the dry acacia-country, on the plains around the south end of the range. Like C. chubbi it is avery common bird and has a most striking long-drawn reeling note, which is usually uttered from the top of an acacia-tree. “ C. rufopileata was not obtained anywhere in this region, but was met with in the open clearings of the Congo forest, 150 miles west of Ruwenzori. Its note is most like that of C. chubbi, but is not so loud. “T am certainly of opinion that these marked differences in habits, notes, and locality, coupled with the differences Mr. Ogilvie-Grant has just pointed out, fully justify the separation of these two new forms.” Vol. xxi.] 74 The next Meeting of the -Club, which will be held on THURSDAY, the 9th of APRIL, 1908, at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., will be devoted to a show of Lantern-slides. The Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. The Members are reminded that those anxious to exhibit slides are requested to inform the Editor of thetr intention to do so as soon as possible and to forward a list of subjects. (Signed) R. Bowpier Suarez, W.R.Ocitvis-Grant, H.F.Wirnersy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. & Treas. BULLEEEN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. No. CXLII. Tur hundred and forty-first Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Thursday, the 9th of April, 1908. Chairman: P. L. Sctater, F.R.S. Members present :—Boyp AurxanpEeR, J. C. Baker, Colonel C. T. Brncuam, J. C. Crowrey, H. E. Dresser, Guy L. Ewen, H. W. Frintrvnson, E. Gipson, H. Goopcu xp, G. M. Heness, C. Ineram, Lorn Lucas, J. MchL. MarsnHatt, G. M. Maruews, Sir H. Maxwe t, Bart., F.R.S., E. G. B. Meapve-Watpo, Hon. E. S. Monrtacu, .M.P., H. Mounr, O. Neumann, T. H. Newman, W. R. Ocitviz-Grant (Hditor), C. E. Pearson, F. G. Penrost, M.D., R. I. Pocock, A. E. Price, Major F. W. Procror, W. P. Pycrarr, F. R. Rat- curr, W. E. Renaut, C. B. Rickert, J. Sarcent, H. ScHERREN, G. Scuwann, R. Bowpier SHarre, LL.D., C. F. M. Swynnerton, Sir Epwarp Tennant, Bart., M.P., Major Horace Terry, C. B. Ticenurst, M.D., J. Witxrnson, A. F. R. Wo.taston. Guests of the Club:—W. Farren, Cuerry Kearron, R. B. Lopes. Visitors :—James Berry, G. D. Davis, C. E. Faeay, H. M. Fretcurr, M. A. Gopiey, J. Hepces, Hon. W. P. Linpsay, Henry J. Lussocs, C. H. Lyerz, M.P., Hart or. [ April 27th, 1908.] vox, wi Vol. xxi.] 76 Lytron, E. Marsn, Capt. A. Maxwerz, Colonel Mockirr- Frerryman, Dr. A. S. Morean, Rev. J. Penrosz, C. Russenn, M. C. C. Seton, C. Strruine, Prof. J. A. THomson, M.S. Turton, A. WHITE. Professor Neumann described the following new species and subspecies of African birds :— FRANCOLINUS WHYTEI, Sp. 0. Francolinus shelleyi, Shelley (nec Grant), Ibis, 1897, p. 552. Nearly adult female. Upperparts similar to those of reddish examples of F. shelleyi. A large white patch between the bill and the eye; eyebrow, sides of the neck, and lower throat pale ochre-yellow; chin and upper throat lighter, but not pure white; a line of well-defined black spots commencing at the base of the bill, passing below the eye, down the sides of the neck, and bordering the throat: top of the head brown, also encircled by black spots. Upper breast orange- brown, the lower portion of the feathers with indistinct black bars and sometimes with a broad grey apical band ; lower breast pale yellowish, with black ~--like markings, narrower than in F. shelleyi. Belly vermiculated or very indistinctly barred with grey and black. Under tail-coverts barred with black and yellowish-white. Wing 162 mm. Hab. Nyika Plateau, west of Lake Nyasa, between 7000 and 8000 ft. Type in the British Museum: 9¢. vi. 96. A Whyte coll. Obs. This new Francolin may be at once distinguished — from F. gariepensis, F. levaillanti, F. shelleyi, &c., by the entire absence of white on the sides of the neck, and from F. shelleyi by the yellowish-buff (not white) throat. It is a mountain form, and Mr. Whyte remarks on the label that it is “common on the bare ridges, where the grass is very short, and that it does not descend to the tall grass or forest- country.” 77 [Vol. xxi. Cryrropus monacnus OCCIDENTALIS, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Differ from C. m. monachus from North and Central Abyssinia in having the secondary-quills dark olive-brown, the back not pure rufous, but mixed with dark olive-brown, and the bill usually somewhat larger. Hab. West Africa from the Gold Coast to the Gaboon. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Ombrokua (Ugomo), Ogowe River, 26. viii. 07. W. J. Ansorge coll. Obs. Specimens from the White Nile and Sobat Rivers resemble the West-African form in coloration, but have a smaller bill; those from Sidamo and Doko in Southern Ethiopia (cf. J. f. O. 1904, p. 379) have the back pure rufous as in C. m. monachus, but the secoudary-quills olive-brown, as in the West-African bird. CrNTROPUS MONACHUS ANGOLENSIS, subsp. n. Adult male and female. This form is in every respect intermediate between C. m. occidentalis, Neum., and C. m. cupreicaudus, Reich., which ranges from Benguella and German South-west Africa to Lake Nyasa and the Zambesi Region. The gloss of the head is intermediate between the steel-blue of C. m. monachus aud C.m. occidentalis and the purple of C. m. cupreicaudus ; the tail of nearly the same coppery-brown as that of C. m. cupreicaudus; the upper back rufous and dark olive-brown, not pure olive-brown as in C. m. cupreicaudus; the rump dark rufous and dark blue; and the upper tail-coverts and part of the rump barred as in C. m. cupreicaudus. Hab. North Angola. Type in the Tring Museum: 6. Canhoca, 17. xu. 03. W. J. Ansorge coll. NEocossyPHUS RUFUS GABUNENSIS, subsp. u. Neocossyphus rufus, Sharpe (nec Fisch. & Reich.), Ibis, 1908, p. 125. Adult male and female. Similar to N. r. rufus, Fisch. & Reich., from German East Africa, but much smaller. Wing, gf 114-116, 2? 107-112 mm.; tail, ¢ 98-102, 9 92-95 mm.; tarsus 26-27 mm. Vol. xxi.] 78 Hab. From the River Ja (Dscha) and the Zima Country in South Cameroon to the Ogowe River. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Ohumbe, Lake Onange, Ogowe River, 18. vii.07. W. J. Ansorge coll. Mr. Boyp AtexaNnDER described a new species of Cuckoo as follows :— CENTROPUS NEUMANNI, Sp. 0. Adult male. Similar to C. efulensis, Sharpe, but consider- ably smaller. Culmen 30 mm.; wing 171; tail 250; tarsus 43. In the adult male of C. efulensis the measurements are :— Culmen 86 mm.; wing 198; tail 312 ; tarsus 50. Hab. Angu, R. Welle, 30.1. 06. Count T. Satvapori contributed the following description of an apparently new species of Petrel (Fregetia) :— “The Zoological Museum of Turin possesses a Petrel which was purchased at Bullock’s Sale in London in 1819 by Prof. Bonelli, at that time Director of the Turin Museum. The bird was stated to be from the Island of Tristan d’Acunha*, and was entered in the Catalogue under the number 949, but subsequently transferred to the number 3256. “The bird was examined on the 14th of January, 1827, by the Prince of Musignano (C. L. Bonaparte), who wrongly identified it as Thalassidroma oceanica, but later on (Consp. Ay. 11. p. 198) he attributed it to Fregetta grallaria. ‘Under the impression that the bird was the true Pro- cellaria grallaria, Vieill., I took from it the description of my Fregeita grallaria in the ‘ Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche,’ ii. p. 459, but I also mentioned that it differed from the specimens of Fregetta grallaria collected * “Tt is worth while noticing that at the sale of Bullock’s collection in 1819 (cf. Sharpe, Hist. of the Coll. of the Brit. Mus., Birds, pp. 221, 223) several birds, including Petrels, from Tristan d’Acunha were sold. Lot 40 is not mentioned: possibly the bird bought by Prof. Bonelli may have formed a part of it.” 79 [Vol. xxi. during the voyage of the ‘ Magenta’ in being much larger and in having a well-defined but hidden white patch, formed by the bases of the feathers of the throat. “ Looking through the first part of the ‘ Monograph of the Petrels, recently published by Dr. Godman, I noticed that two specimens of Fregetta grallaria in the Turin Museum, collected in the Pacific Ocean during the voyage of the ‘ Magenta’ (one between Callao and Valparaiso, and the other at sea lat. 27° 53’ S., long. 88° 04’ W.), were exactly like the plate and description in the Monograph. The specimen from Tristan d’Acunha in the Turin Museum was quite different, being much larger, with the upperparts uniform brownish-black, with no white margins to the feathers of the back, and with the base of the feathers of the throat forming a defined but concealed white patch. There is no trace of a dark shade on the sides of the lower abdomen, and the black apical half of the under tail-coverts is more sharply defined. “J have very little doubt that the bird from Tristan d’Acunha in the Turin Museum belongs to an unnamed species, which I propose to call “ FREGETTA * MELANOLEUCA, Sp. 0. “Capite, collo, pectore summo, dorso et dimidio apicali sub- caudalium nigro-fuliginosis, fere unicoloribus ; mar- ginibus dorsi plumarum haud albidis ; supracaudalibus, pectore imo, abdomine, gulz macula vel plaga obtecta, dimidio basali subcaudalium et subalaribus internis albis; tibiis nigro-fuliginosis ; remigibus rectricibusque nigris, sed harum basi obtecta alba; tectricibus alarum brunneis; rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tot. circa 210 mm., culm. 14, ale 165, caude 78, tarsi 40. “ Hab. Insula ‘ Tristan d’Acunha’ dicta. “Tt has already been stated that Fregetta grallaria aiso occurs on Tristan d’Acunha, but the evidence is not satis- factory. Sperling (‘ Ibis, 1872, p. 75) says that on one * “Tt appears to me the generic name Fregetta, Bp., is sufficiently distinct from Fregata, Briss., and should be used instead of Cymodroma, Ridgw.” Vol. xxi.] 80 occasion only he saw at Tristan d’Acunda a bird which might havé been Thalassidroma leucogastra (=F. grallaria). Mr. Nicoll (‘Ibis,’ 1906, p. 675) also says that he saw examples of Cymodroma grallaria round Tristan d’Acunha, but it appears that neither he nor Sperling actually obtained a specimen. “TI do not wish to deny the possibility that the birds seen by the above writers may have been F. grallaria, especially as this species has been recorded by Mr. Eagle Clarke from Gough Island, which is not far distant.” In the absence of Dr. F. D. Gopman through illness, Dr. Bowpier Sarre remarked that the specimen sent by Count Salvadori was a very interesting one, though he had not been able to find a record of it in the Catalogue of Bullock’s sale. The measurements of the specimen were as follows :—Total length 8:0 inches, culmen 0°6, wing 6:5, tail 2-9, tarsus 1:6, middle toe and claw 1:1. These measure- ments slightly exceeded those of C. grallaria, wherein the culmen was 0°5 inch, wing 6°1-6°5, the tarsus 1°4—1°5, and the middle toe and claw 0:8-0°9 (cf. Godman, Monogr. Petrels, i. p. 67). From the entirely white belly it was evident that Count Salvadori’s new species had no connection with C. melano- gaster, but was more closely allied to C. grallaria, as it had the breast and abdomen pure white, without any black. The bird from Tristan d’Acunha was very similar to the specimen mentioned by Dr. Godman in his ‘ Monograph’ (p. 66) (specimen a, Salvin, Cat. Birds B.M. xxv. p. 367), but the latter had white on the throat, and a few white fringes to the dorsal feathers, while the Turin specimen was perfectly uniform above and seemed to be an older bird. Dr. Godman believed that specimen a of the ‘ Catalogue” was the young of C. grallaria, but it seemed possible that it might be the young of C. melanoleuca (Salvadori). Mr. Currry Kearron exhibited a wonderfully fine series of cinematograph pictures of bird-life. The first part of 81 [Vol. xxi. these illustrated phases in the life-history of various Sea- birds, such as Gannets, Cormorants, Guillemots, Puffins, and Terns, &c., and showed these birds not only when at rest, but when swimming and flying, with a vividness that was truly astonishing. The pictures of land-birds were perhaps even more remarkable, since these, for the most part, illustrated the nesting-habits, and the methods employed by birds in feeding and brooding their young, and in cleaning their nests, &c. With so remarkable a series of pictures, it is almost im- possible to select any for special mention, but to indicate the nature of the subjects exhibited we may refer to the cinematographs of the Sparrow-Hawk feeding its downy young. The way in which the parent bird tore up the prey, and distributed a share to each nestling, was most beautifully shown, and was a perfect lesson in natural history. So excellent and realistic did the pictures seem, that the spectators could scarcely believe they were not actually watching the living birds themselves. No less striking were the pictures of the Whitethroat and Sedge-Warbler, and their method of brooding the young after feeding them was shown to perfection. At the termination of this absolutely unique exhibition Mr. Kearton was loudly applauded by a very enthusiastic audience. The Chairman, after congratulating him very heartily on the wonderful pictures just shown, the results of so much skill and indomitable patience, tendered to him the warmest thanks of all those present. The following lantern-slides were then exhibited :— By Mr. R. B. Lopes, a series of slides of the following species of birds taken during his recent travels in Southern Europe :— 1 & 2. Little Bittern (Ardetta minuta). Montenegro. 3 & 4. Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus) at its nest. South Spain, 5. Griffon Vulture. Young in nest. South Spain. Vol. xxi.] 82 for) . Black Vulture (Vultur monachus). Roumania. 7. Hobby (Falco subbuteo). Roumania. 8. Booted Eagle (Hutolmaétus pennatus) at its nest. South Spain. 9. Raven (Corvus corax) and Magpie (Pica pica) on a carcase. Albania. 10. Two Kites (Milvus milvus) on a carcase. Albania. 11. Sea-Eagle ( Haliaétus albicilla) on a carcase. Albania. 12-14. Dalmatian Pelicans (Pelecanus crispus) on their nests. Albania. 15. Great White Heron (Herodias alba) on its nest. Albania. 16. Great White Heron. Young in nest. Albania. 17. Great White Heron feeding. Albania. 18. Nest of the Great White Heron. Montenegro. 19 & 20. White-winged Black Tern (Hydrochelidon leucep- tera) on its nest. Hungary. 21. Squacco Heron (Ardeola ralloides). Roumania. 22. White Stork (Ciconia alba). Roumania. By Mr. J. Cyrit Crowrsy, a small series of slides exhibiting the following species of birds :— 1. Grey-lag Goose (Anser ferus) on its nest. 2. Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus) on its nest. 3. Curlew (Numenius arquata) on its nest. 4. Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus) with its young. . 5-7. Black-throated Diver (Colymbus arcticus) at its nest. 8. Red-throated Diver (C. septentrionalis) at its nest. 9. Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa grisola) at its nest. 10. Nightjar (Caprimulgus europeus) on its nest. On behalf of Miss E. L. Turner, Mr. W. P. Pycrarr exhibited and made remarks on some slides of the following species :— 1. Spotted Flycatcher (Museicapa grisola). 83 [Vol. xxi. 2. Garden- Warbler (Sylvia hortensis). 3. Young of the Hawfinch (Coccothraustes cocco- thraustes). 4 & 5. Male and female Blackeap (Sylvia atricapilla). 6&7. Male and female Reed - Bunting (Lmberiza scheniclus). 8. Hedge-Sparrow (Accentor modularis). 9. Pied Wagtail (Motacilla lugubris). 10. Yellow Wagtail (M. ray?). 11-18. Nest of Pied Wagtail with young Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), placed in a flower-pot in a greenhouse. 14. Young of the Long-tailed Titmouse (Acredula rosea). 15 & 16. Male and female of the Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio). 17. A house at Cley, Norfolk, showing a remarkable number of nests of the House-Martin (Chelidon urbica). 18. Young of the Short-eared Owl (Asio accipitrinus). 19 & 20. Short-eared Owl. 21-23. Young of the Kestrel (Cerchneis tinnunculus). 24. Lesser Tern (Sterna minuta). 25. Common Tern (S. fluviatilis). 26 & 27. Reeve (Machetes pugnaz) on its nest. 28 & 29. Ringed Plover (Agialitis hiaticola). 30 & 31. Oyster-catcher (Hematopus ostralegus). Mr. Pycrarr remarked that while all the slides in this series were remarkable for clearness of detail, some were of especial interest as illustrating phases of growth in nestling birds. The nestlings of the Hawfinch, for example, showed a quite exceptional development of down, not met with in any other species of British Finch; while in the downy nestlings of the Short-eared Owl the position of the “ ears ”’ was a most conspicuous feature. The series of nestling Kestrels showed some interesting Vol. xxi] 84. stages in the order of the development of the contour- feathers. The Pied Wagtail’s nest containing the young Cuckoo was remarkable from the fact that it had been built in a large flower-pot containing a plant trained over an elaborate framework, leaving but small interspaces. Thus it was certain that the egg of the Cuckoo must have been placed in the nest with the aid of the bird’s bill. Further, since this plant was growing in a greenhouse, the Cuckoo could only have discovered the whereabouts of the nest by watching the Wagtails. Mr. W. Farren exhibited a fine series of slides including the following subjects :— 1-5. Reed-Warbler (Acrocephalus streperus), showing the perching attitudes of the eld birds while feeding their young. 6-12. Mistle-Thrush (Turdus viscivorus), illustrating the habits of the old birds when feeding the young and cleaning the nest. 13-15. Wheatears (Saxicola enanthe) approaching their nest. 16-22. Chaffinch (Fringilla celebs) feeding its young. 23 & 24. Stone-Chat (Pratincola rubicola), showing the different kinds of food brought for the young by the male and female respectively. 25-28. Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa grisola), showing the different attitudes of the male and female at the nest. 29-32. Spotted Flycatcher, showing the effect on the young of nervousness on the part of the parent bird. 33-35. Blue Titmouse (Parus ceruleus) feeding the young of a Hedge-Sparrow (Accentor modularis). 36-38. Snipe (Gallinago gallinago), illustrating the atti- tudes when sitting, turning the eges, and stepping on to the nest. 85 EVol, mar. 39 & 40. Wryneck (Lynx torquilla), showing the protective colouring of the plumage. 41-47. Robin (Erithacus rubecula) with a young Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), showing the different kind of food selected for the Cuckoo, as compared with that used for its own young. Dr. Scuater gave a short account of a visit he had recently made to Algeria during the months of February and March. Most of his time had been passed at Algiers. The environs of that city were certainly very birdless, owing, as he was told, to the practice of pot-hunting for small birds. The large collection of birds made by Loche, the author of the ‘Catalogue des Mammiferes et Oiseaux de l Algérie,’ and given by him (or by his widow after his death) to the Municipality of Algiers, had been broken up and dispersed some fifteen years ago, and there was now no collection of native birds at Algiers except a small mounted series in a wooden building in the garden of the National Museum of Antiquities at Mustapha Superior. This collection had been formed to illustrate Algeria in the Exhibition of the products of the French Colonies held at Marseilles two years ago, but had been subsequently moved to its present situation. Dr. Sclater had passed a week at Biskra, an oasis in the Sahara, south of the Atlas, where birds were more abundant. There he had met Mr. Walter Rothschild and Dr. Hartert, who were on a collecting-tour in Algeria, and had accompanied them on some of their excursions into the surrounding desert, where Chats, Larks, and Sand- Grouse were the prevalent forms of bird-life. Dr. Sciarer exhibited a photograph of a native falconer with his hawks, taken at Biskra. The birds were apparently Falco sacer. Vol. xxi.] 86 The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 20th of May, 1908, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. The Annual General Meeting of the British Ornithologists’ Union will be held on the same day (20th of May), and the Annual Dinner of the B. 0. U. will take place conjointly with that of the B.0.C. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the KEditor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. | (Signed) P. L. Scrater, W. R. Ocitvie-Grant, Chairman. Editor. V BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. No. CXLITII. Tur hundred and forty-second Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.., on Wednesday, the 20th of May, 1908. Chairman: F. D. Gopman, F.R.S. Members present :—Boyp AtrexanprerR, H. G. Barctray, E. Bipwett, J. L. Bonnote, Aspen CHapman, W. Eacie Cuarke, K. J. A. Davis, H. E. Dresser, Rev. Arian Exuison, H. O. Forses, LL.D., E. Gisson, J. M. Goopat, Rev. J. R. Haze, E. Harrert, Ph.D., Major H. Jonszs, G. E. Lopez, Commander H. Lynes, G. A. Macmiuuan, G. M. Marnews, E. G. B. Meapse-Watpo, H. Mount, O. Neumann, T. H. Newman, F. Nicnotson, M. J. Nicott, W. R. Ocitvin-Grant (Editor), C. OtpHam, T. Parkin, Tueep Pearse, F. G. Penrosz, M.D., A. E. Price, W. P. Pycrart, C. B. Rickerr, A. D. Sarpsworrts, P. L. Scuater, F.R.S., F.C. Srxous, F. Saarman, R. Bowpier Sarre, LL.D., Major H. Terry, C. B. Ticrnurst, M.D., N. F. Ticrnurst, F.R.C.S., H. M. Urcuser, 8. J. Wuirs, C. Wuymprr, Capt. L. A. Witiiams, H. F. Wirnersy (Sec. and Treas.). Visitors :—W. Bickerton, P. F. Bunyarp, E. H. Cuar- MAN, D. Dewar, C. E. Facan, Col. H. H. Gopwin-Austen, - C. H. B. Grant, W. E. F. Macmitian, Dr. A. M. Morean, Col. R. H. Rarrray, Canon S. G. Scorr, H. B. Warr. [May 30th, 1908.1] GENERA" (3H) 7; \ JUN 13 i908 } Vol. xxi] 88 At the conclusion of the conjoint dinner of the B. O. U. and B. O. C., the President of the British Ornithologists’ Union proposed the health of His Masesty toe Kine and that of absent “Ibises,” as is customary at the annual dinner. He then vacated the Chair in favour of Dr. P. L. Sciarer, who, as Chairman of the B. O. C., conducted the business during the remainder of the evening :-— Mr. W. Hacte Criarke showed a female Sanderling (Calidris arenaria) and her four chicks, taken at Prince Charles Foreland, Spitzbergen, in the summer of 1906 by Dr. W.S. Bruce, and presented by him to the Royal Scottish Museum. Mr. Clarke remarked that although the eggs of the Sauderling had been known for about 85 years, the chicks were rare and, so far as he was aware, had not hitherto been described. Mr. Boyp Atrxanper exhibited and described examples of the following new species of African birds :— PsALIDOPROCNE BAMINGUI, sp: 0. Adult male and female. Similar to P. holomelena (Sundeyv.), but smaller, and with the entire upper- and underparts uniformly glossed with oil-green; the under wing-coverts brownish-white, but paler than in P. holomelena; and the tail deeply forked. Iris, legs, and feet brown. 6. Wing 95 mm.; tail 94. Dec diipyily SOO MALIN Gry layer Hab. R. Bamingui, Upper Shari River, 13. viii. 05. CoriLE SUDANENSIS, sp. 0. Adult male. Similar to C. minor, Cab., but slightly smaller and with the upperparts paler, especially on the rump ; throat and breast pale greyish-brown ; remainder of the under- parts white. Wing 90-93 mm.; tail 48-50. Hab. Bulturi, Lake Chad, 12.3 1, 05. Obs. The species extends eastwards to the Nile, and there are examples of it in the British Museum from the Sudan, procured by the Hon. N.C. Rothschild and Mr. A. F. R. Woliaston. 89 [Vol. xxi. APALIS GOSLINGT, sp. Nn. Adult male. Similar to A. porphyrolema, Reichenow & Neum., but smaller, and with the chin and throat whitish- buff instead of rufous; tail-feathers conspicuously tipped with white. Total length about 105 mm.; culmen 10; wing 48; tail 44. Hab. R. Guruba, Welle Region ; 17. v. 06. Obs. The type, which is evidently a fully adult bird, is marked in my note-book as “ breeding.”’ MirArRA CHADENSIS, Sp. 0. Adult male and female. Similar to M. cantillans, Blyth, but very much paler; feathers of the upperparts pale sandy brown, with dark brown middles ; secondaries and wing- coverts broadly edged with white, giving the whole wing a hoary appearance ; throat pure white, the chest with small angular spots of pale brown, but less numerous and not so dark as in M. cantillans; lower part of body pale creamy white, not pale buff as in M. cantillans. dg. Culmen 10 mm.; wing 79; tail 60. a, ap ee MO try) Nis, WRG 8 5) DB. Hab. Kowa Baga, Lake Chad, 19-22. iv. 05. Obs. Examples of this new species have been compared with examples of M. simplex, Heugl. (=. cantillans), from Arabia, in the British Museum. DENDROMUS HERBERTI, Sp. 0. Adult male and female. Similar to D. efulenensis, Chubb (cf. infra, p. 92), but differ in having the upper surface bright green with scarcely any golden tinge ; chin, throat, and sides of head hoary-white, streaked with brown, and contrasting with the remainder of the underparts, the general tone of which is greener than in D. efulenensis. Iris light hazel; bill blackish lead-colour ; legs and feet olive-green. 3d. Culmen 16 mm.; wing 85 ; tail (worn) 50. Q. re 18mm.; ,, 86; tail 58. Hab. Ranging from the Ubanghi River to Unyoro. Vol. xxi.| 90 Type: 6. Bwanda, Ubanghi R., 24.xii.05: Alexander- Gosling coll. Type in the British Museum: 2. Bugoma Forest, Unyoro, 10.vi.05: Christy coll. CaPRIMULGUS CHADENSIS, Sp. 0. Adult male and female. Similar to C. accré, Shelley, but the general coloration of the upperparts is of a pale sandy- brown with sandy-buff edges to the feathers of the hind- neck, forming a distinct neck-band ; forehead and supra-loral streak whitish-buff; general colour of the underparts paler than in C. aecre; belly clear sandy buff. 6- Culmen 11 mm.; wing 152; tail 102. 9 : m Simmer i dog Coho: Hab. Lake Chad, 10-380. iv. 05. Obs. C. accre, of which there are three specimens (in- cluding the type) in the British Museum, is quite distinct from C. fulviventris. CAPRIMULGUS GABONENSIS, Sp. nN. Adult male and female. Similar to C. fulviventris (Hartl.), but considerably smaller; with the upperparts less rufous and with numerous black middles to the feathers, givmg these parts a more mottled appearance. 6. Culmen 138 mm.; wing 140; tail 95. Oo oy 12 mms 1%, "alsa: OA: Hab. Gaboon. Types in the British Museum. Obs. The ranges of C. natalensis and its allies are as follows :— & C. natalensis, Smith. Natal to the Baro River, Sudan, on the east and to the Welle region on the west. C. fulviventris (Hartl.). Angola. Pd C. gabonensis, Alexander. Gaboon. Pi C. accre, Shelley. Gold Coast. C. chadensis, Alexander. Lake Chad. 5 INDICATOR THERES#, Sp. 0. : Adult male. Similar to J. stictithoraz, Reichenow, but with the head and back uniformly washed with greenish, 91 [Vol. xxi. instead of a light yellowish-olive; chin and throat yellowish- white streaked with dark greenish, and paler than in J. sficti- thorax ; feathers of the breast dark greenish, with twin-spots of yellowish-white; middle of the abdomen pale yellow. Iris brown ; bill brown ; legs and feet greenish. Total length about 170 mm.; culmen 10; wing 106; tail 85. Hab. Gudima, R. Ivi, 28. viii. 06. Mr. Boyp ALrxanpeR also made the following remarks on certain species of Indicator :— He stated that he had now proved to his own satisfaction that J. major, Steph., was synonymous with JL. indicator (Gmel.). The former was supposed to differ from J. indi- cator in having the bases of many of the feathers of the chin and throat: yellow; the breast washed with yellow; the shoulder-patch much reduced in size or absent; and the wing-coverts devoid of white edges. Mr. Alexander exhibited a nearly adult male of J. indi- cator which possessed all the above-mentioned characters attributed to J. major. in the British Museum there were several specimens showing the same change of plumage. Up to the present time birds with almost uniform yellow underparts had been regarded as females or young males of I. major, and in this stage of plumage had been named I. barianus, Heugl., and J. flavicollis, Swains. Three specimens procured by the Alexander-Gosling Expedition showed the following stages of plumage :— (1) A specimen shot in May had the entire underparts bright yellow, and showed no indication of a yellow shoulder-patch. (2) In a second specimen, shot in August, the yellow of the underparts was disappearing, black feathers were beginning to make their appearance on the chin and throat, and there were indications of a yellow shoulder-patch. (3) A third example, obtained in October, was even less brightly coloured than the above-mentioned Vol. xxi.] 92 specimens, the olive-yellow on the upperparts having altogether disappeared. Birds in this plumage had been regarded as adult males of J. major. An examination of the fine series now in the British Museum clearly showed the whole of these changes. There could be no doubt that these yellow-plumaged birds were examples of J. indicator in its first plumage, and that subsequently they passed into the hybrid-looking plumage, in which they were known as J. major, and finally assumed the fully adult plumage of J. indicator. Dr. R. BowpLer SHarre, on behalf of Mr. CHarues Cuvuss, exhibited examples of an apparently new species of Woodpecker of the genus Dendromus, which Mr. Chubb proposed to call DENDROMUS EFULENENSIS, SD. 0. 6 ad. Similis D. nivoso, sed notzo saturatiore, olivascenti- viridi, minime flavicanti-viridi: pileo fuliginoso-viridi, nec olivascenti-brunneo: gastreo saturatiore et viri- descentiore: subalaribus flavis, minime ochraceo-fulvis. Long. tot. c. 6°6 poll., culm. 0°8, ale 3-4, caude 1°6, tarsi 0°65. ? ad. Mari similis, sed fascia rubra nuchali nulla. Long. tot. 6°2 poll., culm. 0°7, ale 3°4, caude 1-7, tarsi 0°55. Hab. Efulen district, Camaroons, vi. & vi.07: G. L. Bates coll. Mr. Craupre Grant, who was introduced to the Members of the Club by Dr. Bowdler Sharpe, exhibited and described examples of the following new species of South African birds :-— SPHEN@ACUS TRANSVAALENSIS, Sp. 0. 3S Gad. Similis S. natalensi, sed saturatior : pileo et regione parotica saturatius castaneis, illo nigro distincte striolato: pectore et corporis lateribus magis griseo adumbratis, hypochondriis vix nigro striolatis. Long. tot. 7*1 poll., culm. 0°6, alee 2°7, caudz 3°5, tarsi 1:0. Hab. Woodbush Hills, N.E. Transvaal, 11. xi. 05. 93 [ Vol. xxis APALIS RUDDI, sp. 0. gad. Similis A. griseicepiti, sed supra leete flavicanti-viridis : pileo schistaceo: cauda flavicanti-viridi, minime schis- tacea, rectricibus externis haud albis. Long. tot. 4°7 poll., culm. 0°5, ale 1:9, caudz 2°1, tarsi 0°9. Hab. Coguno, Inhambane District, Portuguese Last . Africa, 8. ix. 05. CINNYRIS NEERGAARDI, Sp. 0. 6 ad. Similis C. reichenowi, sed abdomine toto nigro, nec olivascenti-brunneo. Long. tot. 4°1 poll., culm. 0°55, alze 2°2, caudze 1°6, tarsi 0°65. Hab. Coguno, Inhambane District, Portuguese East Africa, 5. 1x. 06. This species is named in honour of Mr. P. Neergaard, from whom I received great assistance during my stay in the Imhambane District. ~ Mr. Crauve Grant also exhibited examples of the following species of birds new to the fauna of South Africa :— (1) Galactochrysea emini (Shelley), from Tete, Zambesi. (2) Batis soror, Reichenow, from Portuguese East Africa. (3) Orthotomus erythropterus (Jard.), from the Gorongoza District. (4) Cinnyris microrhynchus, Shelley, from Inhambane District. Mr. W. R. O«itviz-Grant described a new species of Rail obtained in the Wagga Mountains, Somaliland :— SAROTHRURA BURYI, Sp. n. Adult female. Most nearly resembles the female of S. elegans (Smith), but differs in having the middle of the breast and belly conspicuously white, with somewhat faint transverse bars_of dark, brown. Total length ca. 6 inches ; wing 3 5; tail 1:5; tarsus 1°1. Hab. Dubar, Wagga Mountains, Somaliland. Type in the British Museum: ¢. 30.v.05: G. W. Bury coll. Obs. The female of S. eleyans has the middle of the breast Vol. xxi. ] 94: and belly whitish, fringed with brown and barred with black ; but the bars are not so wide as the white interspaces. S. reichenowi (Sharpe), from Camaroon, is another closely- allied species, but the female is distinguished from the present species, and also from S. elegans, by the very much heavier and stronger black bars across the middle of the breast and belly, the black and white bands being about equal in width. It is now two years since the type specimen of this interest- ing little Rail was received, but, though perfectly aware that it was new, I have postponed describing it, as I had hoped that Mr. Bury would also procure the adult male. He, however, never met with the species again and has now left Somaliland. Mr. Octtviz-Grant also described a new species of Chat from the Sudan :— SAXICOLA HAWKERI, Sp. N. Adult. Most nearly allied to S. chrysopygia (De Filippi), but altogether darker, especially on the chest, breast, and flanks, which are of a much more pronounced brownish colour. The ear-coverts are of a darker reddish-brown and the vent and under tail-coverts more rufous. Iris brown; legs black. Total length ca. 6:0 inches; wing 3°7; tail 2°35; tarsus 1:0. Hab. Berber, Sudan. The type, an adult bird, but with no indication as to the sex, was procured by Mr. R. M. Hawker on the 28th of January, 1902. The occurrence of this African repre- sentative of a species hitherto known only from Asia is of considerable interest. Professor Oscar Neumann described and_ exhibited examples of the following new species and subspecies of African birds, the types of which were in the Tring Museum :— GGYMNOSCHIZORHIS PERSONATA CENTRALIS, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to G. p. leopoldi, Shelley, from Ugogo and the Masai Countries, but with the forehead 95 | Vol. xxi. and crest-feathers much darker, almost greyish-black (in G. p. leopoldi they are dirty white), and the whole upperside slightly darker. Hab. Countries between Lake Victoria and Lakes Kivu and Albert Edward. Type: ¢. Kitengule, Kagera River, 25. vii.07: R. Grauer coll. Obs. Besides the type there are seven specimens in the Tring Museum from Lake Urigi, Kagera River, and Nsassa in Ugogo. DENDROMUS ABINGONI ANNECTENS, Subsp. n. Dendromus chrysurus, Reich. (nec Swains.), Vog. Afr. ii. p- 173 (1902). Adult male and female. Similar to D. a. chrysurus from Upper Guinea, but with broader black stripes on the throat and breast and on the white cheeks; in this last respect it resembles D. a. smithi, from which, however, it differs in the colour of the breast and in having a shorter bill. Hab. From North Benguella and Angola to Lake Nyansa. Type: ¢. Sambo, Benguella, 24.ix.04: W. J. Ansorge coll. There are numerous specimens from these regions in the Tring Museum. Obs. Swainson’s Dendromus chrysurus was described from Senegambia, and there is a specimen from Casamanse in the Museum Heineanum. From that district the species is distri- buted over the whole interior of Upper Guinea to the Shari River. I have before me one specimen from the Garafta Forest, Fouta Djallon (Dr. Maclaud coll.: Paris Museum), and three specimens from the Nana, Bamingi, and Shari ‘Rivers, collected by Mr. Boyd Alexander. They closely resemble the true D. abingoni from Natal, and, as in that form, have the cheeks striped with black, but have the upperside very pale olive-green and not bright yellowish- olive as in the latter form. Bill very short: ¢, 26 mm.; ?, 23-24. Though typical examples of Dendromus smithi, Malh., appear so different, that species is also merely a geographical Vol. xxi. | 96 form of D. abingoni, which replaces the latter in the Orange River System, German South-west Africa, and Mossamedes. Intermediate specimens between D. smithi and D. annectens occur plentifully in Benguella, and likewise between D. smithi and D. abingont in the Transvaal. The following list shows the distribution of the geo- graphical subspecies of Dendromus abingoni :— D. a. abingoni, Smith. Natal to Lake Nyasa Region. D. a. smithi, Malh. Orange River System, German South- west Africa, north to Benguella. D. a. annectens, Neum. From Benguella and Angola to . Lake Victoria. D. a. suahelicus, Reichenow. Northern parts of German East Atrica from the coast to Mt. Kilimanjaro. D. a. chrysurus, Swains. Upper Guinea from Senegambia to the Shari River. D. a. mombassicus, Fisch. & Reich. From South Somalr land to Mombassa. EsTRILDA PALUDICOLA BENGUELLENSIS, Subsp. 0. Adult male. Similar to E. p. paludicola, Heugl., from the Bahr-el-Ghazal, Upper White Nile, and the Coast-regions of Lake Victoria, but somewhat darker above and with the whole underside strongly washed with ochraceous-yellow. The belly distinctly pinkish-rose. Some specimens have a pinkish shade on the breast. Adult female. Resembles the male, but the colours of the underside are slightly paler. Hab. Benguella. Type: @. Que River, Benguella, 14.1.06: W.J. Ansorge coll. Obs. Besides the type, there are twelve examples of this species in the Tring Museum, collected by Dr. W. J. Ansorge and Mr. C. H. Pemberton. CALAMOCICHLA ZULUENSIS, Sp. 0. Adult male and female. Very similar to C. gracilirosiris, Hartl., and C. leptorhyncha, Reichenow, and, as in the former species, the first primary is rather narrow and is not quite 97 [Vol. xxi. half the length of the second. Lores pure white, the white being continued over the eye. - The present species is similar in size to C. leptorhyncha. 6. Wing 67 mm.; tail 62; tarsus 26; hind claw 8. mee, «~SSmmM.; .,° O93° Gee wes e ra Hab. From Zululand to South Mosambique. Type: ?. Eschowe, Zululand: R. B. and J. D. 8S. Wood- ward coll. An adult male of this species, collected by Mr. C. H. B. Grant in the Inhambane District on the 29th of June, 1906, is now in the British Museum. Prof. NeuMANN also describedtwo new forms of Indicator:— INDICATOR VARIEGATUS JUBAENSIS, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to I. v. variegatus from South and East Africa and Abyssinia, but much smaller. Wing 97-103 mm. as compared to 105-114 mm. in J. v. variegatus. In the three specimens examined, all in the Ingelheim Museum, the black markings on the throat are very well defined. Hab. Juba River, South Somaliland. Type inthe Ingelheim Museum: ¢@. Jonte, near Kismayu, 6. vil. O01: C. v. Erlanger coll. INDICATOR ARCHIPELAGICUS INORNATUS, subsp. 0. Adult female. Similar to I. a. archipelagicus, Temm., from Borneo (in which species both sexes are coloured alike), but smaller and without any trace of a yellow shoulder-spot. The bill is broader at the base and stouter. Wing 86- 88 mm. Hab. Malacca. Typein British Museum: ?. Klang, Salangore, 18. iii. 79 : W. Davison coil. (spec. a in the ‘Catalogue of the Birds,’ vol. xix. p. 4), Obs. There is a second specimen of this form in the British Museum, but the locality from whence it came is not indicated. This subspecies is the representative of I. a. archipelagicus on the mainland of Asia. It cannot be the adult of LZ. malayanus, Vol. xxi.] 98 Sharpe, which may or may not be the young of J. a. archi- pelagicus, and which certainly occurs in Borneo side by side with the latter, as is proved by the specimens from Trusan collected by A. H. Hverett. Mr. M. J. Nicoux described and exhibited examples of a new subspecies of Grass-Warbler from Egypt :— ScoTOCERCA INQUIETA INNESI, subsp. n. Adult male. Most nearly allied to S. 2. sahare, but differs in having a pure white superciliary stripe, the black stripes on the crown of the head more clearly defined, and the cheeks pure white. Upperparts pale sandy ‘brown; crown of the head paler than the mantle and broadly and clearly streaked with black; superciliary stripe white; a blackish streak through the eye; ear-coverts pale tawny buff; chin, throat, and upper breast white streaked with black; lower breast and sides of the body tawny buff; middle of the abdomen white ; quills and wing-coverts hair-brown edged with lighter brown; rectrices blackish-brown, except the middle pair, which are brown, the two outer pairs tipped with whitish- buff. Iris yellow ; bill horn-brown ; tarsi and toes brownish- flesh-colour. Total length 4°5 inches; culmen °5; wing 2°0; tail 2:0; tarsus ‘75. Hab. Wadi Hof, near Cairo, Egypt. Type in the British Museum: ¢. 14.11.08: M. J. Nicoll coll. Obs. This new subspecies is named after Dr. Walter Innes, Curator of the Zoological Museum, School of Medicine, Cairo. Mr. H. E. Dresszer exhibited eggs of certain species of birds and made the following remarks :— Hypolais icterina.—Nest and four eggs, taken near the town of Tara on the Irtish Kiver, about 57° N. and 74° E. This is most interesting, as I find no reliable data of this Warbler having hitherto nested east of the Ural, and the present record extends the area of its breeding-range considerably. 99 [Vol. xxi. Hypolais caligata.—Nest and two eggs taken at Ust- Kamenogorsk on the Irtish River in about lat. 50° N. and long. 824 E., on the 9th of June, 1905. Hitherto I have not been able to procure the eggs of this bird from a reliable collector and have never seen a nest. Motacilla ocularis—Nest and three eggs taken on the river Lena in about 60° N. lat., in June 1907. Carpodacus erythrinus, subsp. grebnitskii.—Nest and three eggs taken on the river Lena in about 60° N. lat., in June 1907. The eggs do not differ from those of C. erythrinus, but the nest is larger and more loosely built. Emberiza leucocephalam—Nest and three eggs taken at Kaimsk, near Tomsk, on the 24th of May, 1907. Authentic eggs of this species have hitherto been obtained from Darasun, in Dauria, but these are from much further west than any I have yet seen and are better marked than those from Darasun. Pratincola maura.—Nest and two eggs with a Cuckoo’s egg, taken near Tomsk on the 28th of June, 1907. My collector informs me that the Cuckoo belongs to the form or subspecies described by von Tschusi as Cuculus canorus johansent. Mr. Cottinewoop INeRam sent descriptions and examples of two new species of birds from N. Queensland :— NEOSITTA MAGNIROSTRIS, Sp. 0. Differs from N. striata in its generally larger size and especially in its longer and more massive bill, the average length of the culmen being 0°63 in., as compared to 0°53 in. The bill is also considerably darker, being brownish-black for at least three-fourths of its length, and cream-coloured only at the extreme base, like that of N. pileata. In N. striata the blackish marks are confined to the anterior third or half of the bill, chiefly on the upper and lower edges, the remaining area being lemon-yellow. The back is noticeably greyer than in the last mentioned bird, while the underparts are not so distinctly or so heavily Vol. xxi. | 100 striated, especially towards the centre of the breast and abdomen, which are also of a purer white. The black head of the female and crown of the male lack the brownish tinge noticed in N. striata., Average measurements : culmen 0°65 in. ; wing 3°3; tail 15; tarsus 0°7. Hab. Inkerman District, N. Queensland. SPHECOTHERES STALKER], Sp. n. Differs from S. salvadorii, Sharpe, in having the grey of the throat flecked or faintly streaked with white, especially on the sides of the neck, below the auriculars, these parts being of a. uniform and somewhat darker grey in the typical bird. The back is of a slightly greyer green, and the yellow on the under surface is conspicuously paler and more extensive, there being much less green on the upper breast. In this species three, instead of four, of the outer tail-feathers are marked with white. The measurements are similar to those of S. salvadorit. Hab. Mount Elliot, N. Queensland. On behalf of Mr. D. Le Sovir, Dr. Sctater exhibited a photograph of a nest and egg of Paradisea raggiana in the collection of Mr. Ashe Hunt at Melbourne. Mr. G. M. Matuews exhibited three pairs of a species of Malurus collected by Mr. J. T. Tunney in North-west Ausiralia. It appeared to be undescribed, and Mr. Mathews proposed to name it MaA.urvus DULCIS, sp. n. 3g. Similis M. assimili, North, sed hypochondriis violaceo- cyaneis, nec pallide cervinis. Long. tot. 5:2 poll., culm. 0°5, alee 1:9, caudz 2°3, tarsi 0°85. Obs. The female is even more distinct than the male and differs from the female of the allied species in being bluish- grey above, instead of brown, with the lores and eye-ring white, and the ear-coverts bluish-grey, instead of brown. Length 5°2 inches; culmen 0°55; wing 1°85; tail 25; tarsus 0°8. 101 | Vol. xxi. Hab. 10 miles E. of Alligator River, Arnhem Land. Type in the Tring Museum, ¢, 4.vii.03: J. 'T. Tunney coll. The Rev. Attan Extison exhibited the unfinished and deserted nest of a Hedge-Sparrow (Accentor modularis), containing an egg of the Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), found near Watton, Herts, on May 16th. It was suggested that possibly the nest had been deserted by its owner in conse- quence of the intrusion of the Cuckoo’s egg before the nest was complete. Mr. C. OtpHam exhibited an example of Schlegel’s Petrel (istrelata neglecta) which had been picked up dead near Tarporley, Cheshire, on April Ist, 1908. It was seen in the flesh by Mr. Robert Newstead, and immediately afterwards by Mr. T. A. Coward, who recognized it as @. neglecta, an identification which was subsequently confirmed at the British Museum by Mr. F. D. Godman and Dr. Bowdler Sharpe. The true home of this species was the Southern Pacific, especially the vicinity of the Kermadec Islands, about 1500 miles to the east of Australia. This was the first instance of the occurrence of this species in Europe or in any part of the Northern Hemisphere. The specimen had already been exhibited at a meeting of the Zoological Society of London held on May the 12th [cf. Abstr. of Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. no. 58, p. 23 (1908)]. Mr. C. H. T. Wuirrneap sent a letter to the Editor of the ‘ Bulletin,’ in which he pointed out that the Linnet collected by himself in North-west India, and recorded in the ‘ Bulletin’ [xix. p. 7 (1906)] as Linota cannabina, had been incorrectly identified, and that he had subsequently found it to be an example of L. fringillirostris. Vol. xxi. ] . 102 The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 17th of June, 1908, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, , 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. | (Signed) P. L. Scuater, W. R. Octtvis-Grant, HH. F. Witrnersy, Chairman. Kditor. Sec. & Treas. BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH: ORNITHOLOGISTS CLUB. No. CXLIV. Tue hundred and forty-third Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 17th of June, 1908. Chairman: P. L. Sciater, F.R.S. Members present :—Boyp AtrexanpER, E. Bipwett, J. L. Bonnore, C. Borrer, F. D. Drewirt, M.D., E. V. Earte, H. J. Erwes, F.R.S., Guy L. Ewen, E. Gisson, E. Harrert, Ph.D., G. E. Lopez, P. R. Lows, M.D., G. M. Martnews, Hon. E. 8. Montacu, M.P., H. Mount, T. H. Newnan, M. J. Nicott, W. R. Ocitvie-Grant (/ditor), C. E. Pearson, F. G. Penrosse, M.D., H. Scurrren, F.C. Setovs, D. Seru- Smitu, R. Bowpier Suarez, LL.D., C. B. Ticenurst, M.D., N. F. Ticenursr, F.R.C.S., H. M. Watuis, H. F. Wirnersy (Sec. and Treas.). Visitors :—C. H. B. Grant, C. Ruopus, H. Srevens. Mr. E. Bipwett exhibited an egg of the Great Auk (Plautus impennis) which had been sent to Mr. Henry Stevens for sale. It had been in the possession of the Hardy family since 1847, when the late Mr. John Wolley saw it in the collection of the well-known ornithologist Mons. J. Hardy, of Dieppe. On his death, in 1863, it passed to his son ' Mons. Michel Hardy, of Perigueux, who in turn bequeathed it to his daughter Madame Ussel, of Eu. Its place of origin was unknown. [July 1st, 1908. | VOL. XX, Vol. xxi.] 104 Mr. M. J. Nrcott exhibited an example of a Bunting new to the British Fauna, and made the following remarks :— “T exhibit a male example of the South European Large- billed Reed-Bunting, Emberiza pyrrhuloides palustris (Savi). This bird was shot on Romney Marsh in Kent between Kye and Lydd on the 26th of May, 1908, and was brought to Mr. Bristow, of St. Leonard’s. I examined it directly after it had been mounted and while the feet were still soft. This is the first time that an example of this subspecies has been procured in the British islands. The typical form, E. p. pyrrhuloides, Pall., has occurred on Heligoland.” Dr. Scuarer called attention to the rare birds from the shores of Kent and Sussex, which had been shown at the recent meeting of the South-eastern Union of Scientific Societies at Hastings. Mr. G. Bristow (of St. Leonard’s) had exhibited 46 excellently mounted specimens obtained in the district. Among these were examples of Melanocorypha yeltoniensis (a pair), Lanius nubicus, Motacilla melanocephala, Saaicola occidentals, Aigialitis vocifera, and Totanus solitarius, all of which had already been exhibited at previous meetings of the Club. Mr. T. Parkin had sent a selection of rare eggs from his extensive collection. Amongst these were fine series of the eges of the Peewit, Guillemot, Sooty Tern, and Herring- Gull, selected in order to show the great variation in colour and pattern in each of these species, and a fine series of eggs of different species of Tinamous. Dr. N. F. Ticehurst had sent a set of the species of birds supposed to be peculiar to the British Isles, together with their representatives on the Continent. The collection gave an admirable proof of the activity and intelligence of the ornithologists of the Kentish coast. Mr. Bovp Atexanper exhibited and described examples of a new species of Flycatcher from the neighbourhood of Lake Chad :— 105 ( Vol. xxi. Batis CHADENSIS, Sp. n. Adult male. Similar to the male of B. orientalis, Heugl. Wing 55 mm.; culmen 15; tail 39; tarsus 17. Adult femule. Much like the female of B. orientalis, but with an indistinct chestnut collar across the hind-neck ; the crown is grey; the back grey, washed with reddish; and the white on the wing-coverts wider than in B. orientalis. Wing 55 mm.; culmen 14; tail 38; tarsus 17. A specimen in the British Museum from Omschanga, Dar-fur (Bohudorff collection), is referable to B. chadensis. Obs. This new species may be regarded as an intermediate form between B. senegalensis, Linn., and B. orientalis. Hab. “Lake Chad, ranging eastwards to Dar-fur. Types: g. 30.x.04; 9. 80.x1.04. Arrigi, Lake Chad. Dr. Harrert exhibited and described examples of the following new forms from the Solomon Islands :— MyzomeELa EICHHORNI ATRATA, subsp. n. Adult male. Upper surface black, rump and upper tail- coverts deep scarlet-red. Quills dull black, inwardly margined with smoky white, outwardly with dull olive; chin and throat deep scarlet-red ; sides of the head and neck black, the black of the chest faintly tinged with olive and merging into the yellowish-olive of the abdomen and under tail-coverts. Rectrices dull black, narrowly edged with olive. Bill black, iris brown, feet dark slate.’ Wing 67:°5-70 mm. ; tail 48-51 ; culmen 21-22. Adult female. Above dark olive ; head and neck darkest, almost blackish ; feathers of the rump broadly tipped with red; throat scarlet ; and the rest of the under surface olive with a yellow tinge. Wing 60-615 mm.; tail 41°5-43 ; culmen 20. Hab. Vella Lavella I., Central Group of the Solomon Islands. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. No. 3884, 28. ii. 08. Obs. One male has scarlet tips to the feathers of the occiput. The male differs from that of M. e. eichhorni in being black above, instead of dark olive, darker and Vol. xxi.] 106 blacker below, and with the scarlet of the rump of a deeper colour. The female has red on the rump and is also darker than that of M. e. eichhorni ; im fact, M.e. atrata is a darker and blacker form—as it were a melanism—of M. e. eichhorni, which inhabits the islands of Kulambangra, Rendova, and Gizo. PacHYCEPHALA MELANONOTA, Sp. n. Adult male. Upper surface, including the wings and tail, as well as a spot on the chin and a broad pectoral band, black ; sides and flanks more or less black; feathers of the thighs black, broadly tipped with yellow ; throat, breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts golden-yellow. Inner edges of the quills buff; inner webs of the rectrices yellow at the base; under wing-coverts yellow, whitish at the base, those near the edge with the base black. “ Bill and feet black, iris dark rufous-brown.’’ Wing 96-99 mm. Adult female. Somewhat similar to that of P. astrolabi, Bonap., but the crown and upper tail-coverts are dark cinnamon and the back blackish-olive. Hab. Vella Lavella I., Central Group of the Solomon Islands. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. No. 3834, 23. ii. 08. Obs. This is another blackish form, and is perhaps the geographical representative of P. astrolabi. The latter has the back yellowish-olive, and the black of the crown separated from the olive back by a golden-yellow band. ZoSTEROPS VELLALAVELLA, Sp. 0. Adult male and female. A white ring round the eye; upper surface yellowish-green ; quills blackish-brown, with the outer webs broadly edged with yellowish-green and the inner with creamy-white. Chin and throat dark yellow, the jugulum greenish-yellow ; the abdomen yellowish-white or cream-colour ; flanks delicately tinged with grey; under tail-coverts lemon-yellow. Rectrices blackish-brown, nar- rowly edged with yellowish-green. Iris chocolate; bill cadmium-yellow ; feet dull yellow, metatarsus tinged with hory-grey. Wing 92-94 mm. ; culmen 17-18 mm. 107 [ Vol. xxi. Hab. Vella Lavella I., Central Group of the Solomon Islands. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. No. 3858, 26. 11. 08. MoNnakCHA BRODIEI NIGROTECTUS, subsp. n. Adult male. Differs from the male of MZ. 6. brodiei (Ramsay ) in having all the upper wing-coverts blue-black, whereas in the latter the median and greater wing-coverts are white. There is also more white in the tail, the outer rectrices being white for nearly half their length, and the upper surface is black with a blue lustre, but without any purplish ° tinge. Adult female. Differs from the female of M/. 6. brodiet in being brown and less rufous on the upper surface and in having the white portion of the outer rectrices purer white and more extended. Hab. Vella Lavella I., Central Group of the Solomon Islands. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. No. 3957, 8.111. 08. Dr. Hartert also exhibited some examples of Bullfinches, showing that the British race differs from the Central European one. The male, he explained, was very similar to that of Pyrrhula pyrrhula europea, but the red and grey colours were, as a rule, a little less brilliant and the size somewhat smaller. The female, on the other hand, had the underparts conspicuously darker and browner, the back darker, and the wing shorter. Dr. Hartert thought that Macgillivray’s name Pyrrhula pileata was applicable to the British race. Further details regarding the nomenclature, &e., of this form would be found in a forthcoming number of ‘ British Birds.’ Dr. Harrerr likewise described a new subspecies of an Indian Warbler, which he proposed to call Hor4ITES PALLIDIPES OSMASTONI, subsp. n. Adult male, Differs from H. p. pallidipes, Blanf. (a species Voll xaa:] 108 breeding in the Himalayas), in having the upper surface much deeper (almost sepia) brown, and the bill altogether larger. Hab. Andaman Islands. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢@. Port Blair, 11. xi. 06: R. B. Osmaston coll. Obs. This form was found breeding, and Mr. Osmaston had obtained its eggs. Dr. P. R. Lowe described and exhibited examples of two new species procured by him during his recent trip to the West Indies on Sir Frederic Johnstone’s Yacht ‘ Zenaida’:— C@xREBA LAURA, Sp. 0. Adult male and female. Similar to C. atrata, Lawr., but without the (in life) conspicuous and tumid bright-crimson rictus ; with the bill straighter; with the exposed portion of the culmen longer; and the black colour of the upperparts ereyer. The average measurements of 5 males are :—Exposed culmen 14°5 mm.; wing 61 ; tail 88; tarsus 18°5. The average measurements of 5 females are :—Exposed culmen 14°3 mm.; wing 59°5; tail 37; tarsus 17°5. Hab. Los Testigos Is., Venezuela: distant from Grenada 85 miles in W.S.W. direction and 43 miles from the mainland. This bird is named in honour of Laura, Countess of Wilton. Obs. I found this species in great numbers towards the southern end of the largest island of the group. It was about to nest, but did not appear to be quite so advanced as its ally in St. Vincent. I saw none of the ordinary yellow forms of this genus, such as C. saccharina (Lawr.), which is found side by side with a dark form (C. atrata) in the islands of St. Vincent and Grenada. ‘The discovery of this second black form in the Testigos is therefore of great interest. I had collected specimens from both St. Vincent and Grenada earlier in the same month (December 1907), and 109 FVol. xxi. found the rictus in these birds was a very bright and conspicuous feature in the fresh state. It was entirely absent in birds from the Testigos. As the glands of birds from both localities were active, this cannot be accounted for by the breeding-season. The Grenada bird has been separated by Mr. Cory from the St. Vincent form under the name of C. weillsi, on the ground that it is smaller and has the black colour of a lighter shade. The measurements of my birds from Grenada bear this out, but the difference is slight. The only yellow-bellied form of the genus, which exists in St. Vincent and Grenada alongside of the melanistic variety, would appear to be C. saccharina. The black form is the dominant race and is much more numerous. I only saw one example of C. saccharina in St. Vincent. It has been suggested by Mr. Austin Clark (cf. ‘ Auk,’ 1906, pp. 392-395) that the black form of Cereba is a melanistic phase of C. saccharina, but this statement requires confirmation. He states that the yellow form is nearly extinct and that the only authentic specimen known to him was shot by Mr. Charles Vernet of Grenada; he adds that Mr. Wells, who had lived all his life on the island, had never met with one. Although rare, the yellow-breasted form is by no means extinct, for I have five skins shot by myself in Grenada which are undoubtedly referable to C. saccharina and not to C. luteola; others were procured by Dr. Bowdler Sharpe and are now in the British Museum. CHAMZPELIA ANTILLARUM, SP. 0. Adult male and female. Similar to C. bermudiana, Bangs, but darker and richer in colouring both above and below, and with the basal two-thirds of the bill clear olive instead of black. The wing in males averages 80 mm.; in females 79. Hab. Barbados, Grenada, and St. Vincent, and probably other islands to the north of these, such as St. Lucia, Martinique, Xe. Obs. The bird from these islands has been referred to Vol. xxi.] 110 C. passerina, Linn., or, as it is now better called, C. jamai- censis (Maynard). In this form the base of the bill is orange or deep yellow, and markedly different from the birds found in Barbados, Grenada, and St. Vincent. I have compared my birds with specimens from Bermuda, as in that form the bill, though practically wholly black, has a slight tinge of horn-colour at the base. Mr. G. M. Maruews exhibited examples of Ptistes ery- thropterus (Gmel.) [cf. Mathews, Handl. B. Austr. p. 48 (1908)] and. P. coccineopterus (Gould) [e¢f. Salvadori, Cat. Birds B. M. xx. p. 482 (1891) ]. Examples of the former had been shot in November 1900 on the Dawson River, N. Queens- land, by Mr. D. Le Souéf, who reported that similar birds were to be found inland from Cooktown. Examples of the latter were procured on the same date on the Catherine River, a tributary of the Daly River, in the Northern Territory. Mr. Mathews explained that he had united these two forms in his ‘ Handlist of the Birds of Australia,’ but he was now of opinion that he had made a mistake in doing so and that they ought to be kept separate, the differences, as pointed out by Gould, being quite noticeable. The comparative measurements were as follows :— P. erythropterus: total length 12°0-12°7 inches; wing 7°9-8:0. P. coccineopterus: total length 10°0-10°7 inches; wing 7°2-7°8. Dr. Bowpier Suaxpe, on behalf of Mr. Ernest C. Couss, Assistant-Curator of the Rhodesia Museum at Buluwayo, exhibited two specimens of a new species of Babbling Thrush, which Mr. Chubb proposed to call . PINARORNIS RHODESIA, Sp. 0. Similis P. plumoso, Sharpe, sed schistaceo-niger, minime fuliginoso-brunneus, subcaudalibus anguste albo fim- briatis; alis caudaque albis, sicut in P. plumoso, notatis. Long, tot. circa 9°5 poll., culm. 0°85, ale 4°6, caude 4°65, tarsi 1°25. Hab. Silosi, Matopos Hills, Rhodesia. |! [ Vol. xxi. Type: Adult. Manzinyama, Gambo Kraal, 17. iii. 08: F. P. Mennel and E. C. Chubb coll. Dr. SHARPE introduced Mr. CLtaupre Grant, who exhibited a skin of an apparently new form of Lark from the Trans- vaal, procured during the Rudd Expedition. Mr. Grant described it as follows :— HeTERONYX, gen. n. Genus simile generi Mirafra dicto, sed hallucis ungue (0°75 poll.) facile distinguendum. Typus est HrTeRONYX RUDDI, sp. n. g. Similis Mirafre cheniane, Smith, sed major, pedibus erassioribus, rostro crassiore, et interscapulio summo cinnamomeo-rufo, maculis longitudinalibus nigris ornato distinguenda. Long. tot. c. 4°8 poll., culm. 0°65, ale 2°7, caudz 1°6, tarsi 0°95. Hab. Wakkerstroom, Transvaal, 29. 1. 04. Mr. Craupe Grant also exhibited a specimen of the following species, which was new to the avifauna of South Africa :— Mirafra zombe, Ogilvie-Grant, from the Beira district. Mr. Rosrn Kemp forwarded the following description of a new species of Babbler, which he proposed to call TURDINUS PH@BEI, Sp. 0. Adult female. Most nearly allied to T. moloneyanus, Sharpe. Crown and nape olive-brown, shading into rufous-brown on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts ; tail rufous- brown, with brighter ovter margins to the feathers ; cheeks olive-brown like the crown and bounded on the lower margin with indistinct grey moustachial stripes; throat pale buff, shading to brownish-buff on the breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts ; flanks somewhat darker; under wing-coverts yellowish like the abdomen, under surface of the quills grey, with the bases and inner margins du!l white; under surface of the tail yellowish-brown. Iris yellow; bill, feet, and claws slate-colour. Vol. xxi. ] 112 Totallength 6:0 inches ; culmen 0°85; wing 2°7; tail 2°05; tarsus 1:05. Hab. Lower Nigeria. Type in the British Museum: ?. Aguleri, vi.05: R. Kemp coll. The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 21st of October, 1908, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. [N.B—Members who intend to make any communication at the next meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. | (Signed) P. L. Sctarer, W. R. Octtvize-Grant, H. #. WitTHErsy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. & Treas. INDEX. abbotti, Lybius, 46. abingoni, Dendromus, 95, 96. abyssinica, Hyphantornis, 10. , Zosterops, 59. abyssinicus, Bradypterus, 55, , Passer, 70. Accentor modularis, 88, 84, 101. Accipiter nisus, 81, accipilrinus, Asio, 83. acere, Caprimulgus, 90. Acredula rosea, 83. Acrocephalus arundinaceus, 26. phragmitis, 81, streperus, 83. adamsi, Oolymbus, 39. Adelura ceruleicephala, 19. Aédon familiaris, 63. A¥gialitis hiaticola, 83. — vocilera, 104. AKgithaliscus leucogenys, 18, 19. segyptius, Caprimulgus, 52. Af\ureedus maculosus, 36. zquatorialis, Apus, 57. afra, Cinnyris, 55. , Pytelia, 66. Agapornis swinderianus emini, 42. zenkeri, 42. alba, Ciconia, 82. , Herodias, 82. albicauda, Lybius, 46. albicilla, Haliaétus, 82. albifrons, Pteronetta, 42. albigularis, Lybius, 46. Alcea impennis, 2. alexunderi, Nigrita, 16. Ampelis garrulus, 19, anchietz, Buccanodon, 47. , Cheetura, 66. Andropadus ansorgei, 10. curvirostris, 11. gracilis, 10, 11. — virens, Ll. angolense, ‘Tricholema, 47. angolensis, Centropus, 77. annectens, Dendromus, 95, 96. VOL. XXI. aunulosa, Zosterops, 60. Anorthura magrathi, 19. neglecta, 19, Anser ferus, 82. ansorgei, Andropadus, 10. -——, Lagonosticta, 58, — ., ‘lricholema, 46. Authothreptes collaris, 1. Anthus pratensis, 31. trivialis, 51. antillaruam, Chameepelia, 109. Apalis goslingi, 89. —— griseiceps, 93. porphyrolema, 89. ruddi, 93. thoracica, 19. apoda, Paradisea, 9, 48. Apus quatorialis, 57, reichenowi, 37. archipelagicus, Indicator, 97, 98. arctica, Fratercula, 81. arcticus, Colymbus, 41, 82. Ardeola ralluides, 82. Ardetia minuta, 81. arenaria, Calidris, 88. arquata, Numenius, 82. Arses lorealis, 13. arturi, Nectarinia, 19. arundinaceus zarudnyi, Acrocephalus, 26. Asio accipitrinus, 83. assimilis, Malurus, 100. Astrapia, 25. astrolabi, Pachycephala, 106, Astur riggenbachi, 69. soloensis, 69. sphenurus, 69. atra, Manucodia, 36. atrata, Coereba, 108. , Myzomela, 105, 106. atricapilla, Hstrilda, 55, , Sylvia, 83. aucupuw, Steganura, 43, aureola, Emberiza, 30. australis, Gallinago, 18, Vol. xxi. ] baeri, Thalurania, 27. bambusicola, Turdus, 56, bamingui, Psalidoprocne, 88. baraka, Turdus, 56. barianus, Indicator, 91. bassana, Sula, 81. Batis chadensis, 105. erythrophthalma, 19. —— orlentalis, 108. senegalensis, 105. soror, 93. belli, Cisticola, 71, 73. , Pytelia, 14. benguellensis, Cheetura, 57. , Hstrilda, 96. , Francolinus, 44. bermudianus, Chamepelia, 109. bicinctus, Pterocles, 53, 54, borealis, Motacilla, 29. , Lroglodytes, 26. brachypterus, Bradypterus, 55, 56. Bradypterus abyssinicus, 55. brachypterus centralis, 55. cinnamomeus, 56. graueri, 56. brehmi, Ptilopachus, 68. brodiei, Monarcha, 107. Buccanodon anchietie, 47. rex, 47. budongoensis, Cryptolupha, 12. burmanicus, Phasianus, 28, 24. buryi, Sarothrura, 93. butleri, Cisticola, 17. , Lagonosticta, 16. ceruleicepbala, Adelura, 19. ceruleus, Parus, 84. Calamocichla gracilirostris, 96. leptorhyncha, 96. zuluensis, 96. Calidris arenaria, 88. caligata, Hypolais, 99. Calophasis ellioti, 23. nikado, 22. camburni, ‘I'chitrea, 48. camelus, Struthio, 32. Campothera fiilleborni, 66. caniceps, Sigmodus, 70. cannabina, Linota, 101. canorus, Cuculus, 83, 101. cantillans, Mirafira, 89. capensis, Zusterops, 60. capistrata, Saxicola, 19. capitale, Todirostrum, 28. Caprimulgus accree, 90. wgyptius, 52, -~—— chadensis, 90. —— europieus, 82. +— fulviventris, 90. —— gabonensis, 90. —— natalensis, 9U. 114 carbo, Phalacrocorax, 81. Carpodacus edwardsi, 9. -— erythrinus grebnitskii, 99. incertus, 9. vinaceus, 9. centralis, Bradypterus, 55. , Gymnoschizorhis, 94. , Sarothrura, 45. Centropus cupreicaudus, 77. efulensis, 78. monachus, 77. angolensis, 77. occidentalis, 77. neumanni, 78. Cerchneis tinnunculus, 83. cervinicauda, Drepanornis, 36. cerviniveutris, Chlamydera, 36. chadensis, Batis, 105. , Caprimulgus, 90. , Mirafra, 89. Chetura anchiete, 66. sabini ogowensis, 69. —— stictilzema, 57. —— ussheri benguellensis, 57. sharpei, 57. Chameepelia antillarum, 109. bermudianus, 109. ——- jamaicensis, 110. passerina, 110. Chelidon urbica, 83. cheniana, Mirafra, 111. Chlamydera cerviniventris, 36. chrysopygia, Saxicola, 04. chrysurus, Dendromus, 95, 96. chubbi, Cisticola, 7], 72, 73. Ciconia alba, 82. cinerea, Sylvia, 81. cinereicapilla, Motacilla, 29. cinereus, Pericrocotus, 18. cinnamomeus, Bradypterus, 56. cinnamomiuus, Ploceus, 11, 27. Cinnamopteryx mpange, 15. - tricolor, 15. Cinnyris afra, 55. graueri, 85. daviesi, 11. — ludovicensis, 59. —— inicrorhynchus, 93. neergaardi, 95. olivaceus, 11. —— reichenowi, 55, 93. — stuhlmanni, 55. Cisticola belli, 71, 73. butleri, 17. — chubbi, 71, 72, 73. —— rutfopileata, 72, 73. — semitorques, 19, wellsi, 17. woosnami, 72, 73. Climacteris placens, 26. meridionalis, 27. 11a coccineopterus, Ptistes, 110. coccineus, Pyrenestes, 67. Coccothraustes coccothraustes, 83. celebs, Fringilla, 84. Ceereba atrata, 108. laure, 108. luteola, 109. saccharina, 108, 109. wellsi, 109. colchicus, Phasianus, 24, 25, 61. Colius kirbyi, 52. collaris, Anthothreptes, 19. collurio, Lanius, 83. Colymbus adamsi, 39. arcticus, 41, 82. glacialis, 38. septentrionalis, 82. comrii, Manucodia, 36. congica, Lagonosticta, 59. corax, Corvus, 82. Corethrura pulchra, 45, coronatus, Phylloscopus, 18. Corvus corax, 82. Cossypha heuglini, 19. Cotile minor, 88. sudanenisis, 88. crassirostris, Pyromelana, 14. crawshayi, Francolinus, 44. crispus, Pelecanus, 82. Cryptolopha budongoensis, 12. cucullata, Hyphantornis, 15, Cuculus canorus, 83, 101. johanseni, 99. cupreicaudus, Centropus, 77. curvirostris, Andropadus, 11. Cyanecula wolfi, 8. Cymodroma, 79. grallaria, 80. —— melanogaster, 80. —— melanoleuca, 80. davidi, Niltava, 18. daviesi, Cinnyris, 11. Dendromus abingoni annectens, 95, 96. — chrysurus, 95, 96. efulensis, 89, 92. herberti, 89. — mombassicus, 96. nivosus, 92. —— smithi, 95. —— suahelicus, 96. diadematus, Indicator, 43. diemenensis, Dromeus, 13. Drepanornis albertisi cervinicauda, 36. Droimnzus diemenensis, 13. nove hollandiz, 13. dubius, Turdus, 52. dulcis, Malurus, 100. [Vol. xxi. edwardsi, Carpodacus, 9. efulensis, Centropus, 78. ——, Dendromus, 89, 92. eichhorni, Myzomela, 105, 106. elegans, Sarothrura, 93, 94. elgonensis, Turdus, 56. ellioti, Calophasis, 23. , Phasianus, 23, 24, 25. Emberiza aureola, 3vU. leucocepbala, 99. —— pyrrhuloides, 104. palustris, 104, scheeniclus, 83. yessoensis, 18. emini, Agapornis, 42. , Galactochrysea, 93. Epimachus, 25. eriphile baeri, Thalurania, 27. , Thalurania, 27, 28. Erithacus rubecula, 85. erithacus, Pyrrhula, 10. erlangeri, Halcyon, 71. , Zosterops, 60. erythrogaster, Malimbus, 15. erythrophthalma, Batis, 19. erythropterus, Orthotomus, 93. , Ptistes, 110. Estrilda atricapilla graueri, 55. paludicola, 96. benguellensis, 96. europa, Pyrrbula, 107. europeus, Caprimulgus, 82. Eutolmaétus pennatus, 82. excubitor, Lanius, 53. exilis, Indicator, 43. fagani, Malimbus, 15. Falco peregrinus, 32. sacer, 85, subbuteo, 82. familiaris, Aédon, 63, feminina, Hyphantornis, 15. ferus,-Anser, 82. flava pygineea, Motacilla, 29. flavicollis, Indicator, 91. flavipunctatum, Tricholema, 46, 47. fluviatilis, Sterna, 81, 83. forbesi, Lagonosticta, 58. Francolinus crawshayi, 44. gariepensis, 45, 76. —— jugularis, 45. pallidior, 45. —— kikuyuensis, 44. kirki, 66. levaillanti, 44, 45, 76. —— —— benguellensis, 44, — muleme, 44. —— shelleyi, 76. —— streptophorus, 45. —— whytei, 76. Fratercula arctica, 81. ~ ’ Vol. xxi.] Fregata, 79. Fregetta grallaria, 78, 79. melanoleuca, 79. fretorum, Pachye phala, 13. Fringilla ccelebs, 84. fringillirostris, Linota, 101. filleborni, Campothera, 66. fulviventris, Caprimulgus, 90. fulvus, Gyps, 30, 81. ; fuscata, Merula, 19. fuscus, Ptilopachus, 68. gabonensis, Caprimulgus, 90. gabunensis, Neocossyphus, 77. Galactochrysea emini, 93. galbula, Oriolus, 62. Gallimago australis, 18. gallinago, 84. gariepensis, Francolinus, 45, 76. garrulus, Ampelis, 19. Geocichla varia, 18. glacialis, Colymbus, 38. Glareola pratincola, 48. goodfellowi, Regulus, 5. goslingi, Apalis, 89. gracilis, Andropadus, 10, 11. grallaria, Cymodroma, 80. , Fregetta, 78, 79. , Procellaria, 78. granti, Pyrenestes, 67. Graphophasianus, 24. graueri, Bradypterus, 56. , Cinnyris, 55. —., Estrilda, 55. , Turdus, 56. grebnitskii, Carpodacus, 99. griseiceps, Apalis, 93. griseus, Passer, 70. grisola, Muscicapa, 82, 84. Grus leucogeranus, 53. gularis, Poliospiza, 62. gutturalis, Oreoscopus, 13. Gymnoris pyrgita massaica, 70. pallida, 70. . Gymnoschizorhis leopoldi, 95. personata centralis, 94. Gyps fulvus, 30, 81. hzmatocephala, Lagonosticta, 59. Heematopus ostralegus, 83. Halcyon albiventris erlangeri, 71. - orientalis, 71. Haliaétus albicilla, 82. harterti, Sigmodus, 70. hartlaubi, Pteronetta, 42. hawkeri, Saxicola, 94. herberti, Dendromus, 89. Herodias alba, 82. Heteronyx ruddi, 111. heuglini, Cossypha, 19. : , Ploceus, 58. 116 hiaticola, Agialitis, 83. hirsutum, I'richolaema, 46. Hirundo rustica, 62. holomelzna, Psalidoprocne, 88. Horeites pallidipes, 107. osmastoni, 107. hortensis, Sylvia, 83. humiz, Phasianus, 23, 24. hybridum, Tricholeema, 46. Hydrochelidon leucoptera, 82. Hypargus margaritatus, 66. niveiguttatus, 66. Hyphantornis abyssinica, 15. — cucullata, 15. -—— feminina, 15. Hypolais caligata, 99. — icterina, 28, 98. icterina, Hypolais, 28, 98. ignotus, Seleucides, 36. ijime, Phasianus, 24. incertus, Carpodacus, 9. Indicator archipelagicns, 97, 98. inornatus, 97. barianus, 91. -—— diadematus, 43. —— exilis, 43. flavicollis, 91. indicator, 91, 92. —— major, 91, 92. —— malayanus, 97. — minor, 438. senegalensis, 43. —— pygmeus, 43. stictithorax, 9U, 91. teitensis, 43. —— therese, 90). variegatus, 97. jubaensis, 97. impennis, Alca, 2. , Plautus, 103. innesi, Scotocerea, 98. inornatus, Indicator, 97. intermedius, Molpastes, 47. iriditorques, Turturcena, 42, islandicus, Troglodytes, 26. Tynx torguilla, 85. jamaicensis, Chameepelia, 110. jamesii, Phonygama, 36. jamesoni, Lagonosticta, 59. Janthothorax mirabilis, 25, johanseni, Cuculus, 99. johnstoni, Ruwenzorornis, 54. jubaensis, Indicator, 97. jugularis, Francolinus, 45, kikuyuensis, Francolinus, 44. kirbyi, Colius, 32, kirki, Francolinus, 66. kivuensis, Ruwenzorornis, 54. ——, Turdinus, 5d, 60. Lagonosticta butleri, 16. congica, 59. — heemat»cephala, 59. jamesoni, 59. -—— landane, 59. — nitidula, 31. —— rara forbesi, 58. —— rhodopareia ansorgei, 58. uganda, 59. Lagopus mutus, 82. 38. landanz, Lagonosticta, 59. Lanius collurio, 83. excubitor, 53. nubicus, 104. Larus marinus, 82. laurz, Coereba, 108. lawesi, Parotia, 36. leopoldi, Gymnoschizorhis, 95. leptorhyncha, Calamocichila, 96. leucocephala, Emberiza, 99. leucogastra, Thalassidroma, 80. leucogenys, Hgithaliscus, 18, 19. leucogeranus, Grus, 53. leucoptera, Hydrochelidon, 82. leucopygius, Serinus, 44. leucotis, Molpastes, 47. levaillanti, Francolinus, 44, 45, 76. Linota cannabina, 101. — fringillirostris, 101. lobata, Pseudastrapia, 25. Loborhamphus, 25. nubilis, 25, 68. ptilorhis, 67. Lophorhina minor, 36. lorealis, Arses, 13. ludovicensis, Cinnyris, 55. lugubris, Motacilla, 83. lurida, Ninox, 13 luteifrons, Nigrita, 16. luteola, Coereba, 109. Lybius abbotti, 46. —~— albicauda, 46. — leucocephalus usukume, 46. zombe albigularis, 46. Machetes pugnax, 83. maculata, Tringa, 28. maculosus, Alurcedus, 36. madagascariensis, Zosterops, 60. magnirostris, Neositta, 99. magrathi, Anorthura, 19. , Molpastes, 47. major, Indicator, 91, 92. , Ptilopachus, 68. malayanus, Indicator, 97, scoticus X Lagopus mutus, 36, 7 [Vol.. xxi. Malimbus erythrogaster, 15, fagani, 15. Malurus assimilis, 100. dulcis, 100. Manucodia atra, 36. comrii, 36. margaritatus, Hypargus, 66. marinus, Larus, 82. massaica, Gymnoris, 70. maura, Pratincola, 99. melanocephala, Motacilla, 104. Melanocorypha sibirica, 51. yeltoniensis, 104. melanogaster, Cymodroma, 80). melanoleuca, Cymodroma, 80. ——, Fregetta, 79. melanonota, Pachycephala, 106. melba, Pytelia, 14. Melithreptus vinitinctus, 13. mennelli, Poliospiza, 62. meridionalis, Climacteris, 27. Mero} natalensis, 67. Merula fuscata, 19. Micrceca pallida, 13. microrhynchus, Cinnyris, 93. mikado, Calophasis, 22. , Pha-ianus, 22, 24. milvus, Milvus, 82. minor, Cotile, 88. ——,, Indicator, 48. , Lophorhina, 36. minuta, Ardetta, 81. , Sterna, 83. mirabilis, Janthothorax, 25, Mirafra cantillans, 89, chadensis, 89. -—— cheniana, 111. zombe, 111. modularis, Accentor, 83, 84, 101. moloneyanus, Turdinus, 111. Molpastes intermedius, 47. — leucotis, 47. magrathi, 47. monachus, Centropus, 77. , Vultur, 82. Monarcha brodiei, 107. nigrotectus, 107. Motacilla borealis, 29. —— cinereicapilla, 29. flava pygmia, 29. —- lugubris, 83. melanocephala, 104. ocularis, 99, rayi, 83. mpangz, Cinnamopteryx, 15, mulemz, Francolinus, 44. multicolor, Pterocles, 53. Muscicapa grisola, 82, 84. mutus, Lagopus, 82. , Lagopus x Lagopus scotiens, 36, 38. Vol,-xx1.] Myzomela eichhorni, 105, 105. atrata, 105, 106. natalensis, Caprimulgus, 90. , Merops, 67. , Sphenceacus, 92. naumanni, Turdus, 52. Nectarinia arturi, 19. neergaardi, Cinnyris, 93. neglecta, Anorthura, 19. , strelata, LOL. neglectus, Ploceus, 58. Neocossyphus rufus, 77. gabunensis, 77. Neositta magnirostris, 99. pileata, 99. striata, 99, 100. neumanni, Centropus, 78. Nigrita alexanderi, 16. luteifrons, 16. nigrotectus, Monarcha, 107. Niltava davidi, 18. sundara, 18. Ninox lurida, 13. nipalensis, Pyrrbula, 10. nisus, Accipiter, 81. nitidula, Lagonosticta, 31. niveiguttatus, Hypargus, 66. nivosus, Dendromus, 92. nobilis, Loborhamphus, 25, 68. nove-hollandix, Dromzus, 13. nubicus, Lanius, 104. Numenius arquata, 82. occidentalis, Ce:.tropus, 77. , Saxicola, 104. oceanica, Thalassidroma, 78. ocularis, Motacilla, 99. cenanthe, Saxicola, 84. (strelata neglecta, 101. ogowensis, Cheetura, 69. olivaceus, Cinnyris, 11. Oreoscopus gutturalis, 13, orientalis, Batis, 105. == Haleyou, 7: Oriolus galbula, 62. Orthotomus erythropterus, 93. osmastoni, Horeites, 107. ostralezus, Heematopus, 83. owstoxi, Pyrrhula, 9. Pachycephala astrolabi, 106. fretorum, 138. melanonota, 106. pallida, Gymnoris, 70. , Micreeca, 13. pallidior, Francolinus, 45. pallidipes, Horeites, 107. paludicola, Estrilda, 96. palustris, Emberiza, 104. papua, Pyyoscelis, 32. 118 Paradisea apoda, 9, 48. raggiana, 36, 1U0. rudolphi, 36. paradisea, Steganura, 43, 44. Parotia lawesi, 36. Parus ceruleus, 84. varius, 18 Passer griseus, 70. —— abyssinicus, 70. swainsoni, 70, 71. passerina, Chamnzpelia, 110. Pelecanus crispus, 82. peltata, Platystira, 31. pennatus, Eutolmaétus, 82. peregrinus, Falco, 32. Pericrocotus cinereus, 18. Phalacrocorax carbo, 81. phasiana, Rhipidura, 13. Phasianus burmanicus, 23, 24. colechicus, 24, 25, 61. ellioti, 238, 24, 2. humiz, 23, 24. —— ijime, 24. mikado, 22, 24. reevesi, 24. scintillans, 24. —— sceemmerringi, 24, 25. phebei, Turdinus, 111. pheenicomera, Pyromelana, 14. Phonygama jamesii, 36. phragmitis, Acrocephalus, 81. Phylloscopus coronatus, 18. subviridis, 18, 19. picatum, Todirostrum, 28. pileata, Neositta, 99. - , Pyrrhula, 107. Pinarornis plumosus, 110. ——— rhodlesiz, 110. placens, Climacteris, 26. Platystira peltata, 31. Plantus impennis, 103. pleskii, Podoces, 53. Ploceus cinnamominus, 11, 27. heuglini neglectus, 58. -— rubiginosus, 11, 27. trothe, 27. plumbeiceps, T'chitrea, 19. plumosus, Pinarornis, 110. Podoces pleskii, 53. poliogastra, Zosterops, 60. Poliospiza gularis, 62. mennelli, 62. , porphyrolema, Apalis, 89. pratensis, Anthus, 31. Pratincola maura, 99. rubicola, 84. pratincola, Glareola, 48. Procellaria grallaria, 78. Psalidoprocne bamingui, 88. —— holomelena, 88. Pseudastrapia, 25, 119 [Vol. xxi. Pseudastrapia lobata, 25. rustica, Hirundo, 62. Pterocles bicinctus multicolor, 53. Ruwenzorornis johnstoni, 54. Pteronetta hartlaubi, 42. kivuensis, 54. albifrons, 42, Ptilopachus fuscus, 68, sabini, Cheetura, 69, brehmi, 68. saccharina, Coereba, 108, 109. — major, 68. sacer, Falco, 85. Ptilorhis victoria, 36. . suharee, Scotocerea, 98. ptilorbis, Loborbamphus, 67. saivadorii, Sphecotheres, 100. Ptistes coccineopterus, 110, Sarothrura buryi, 93. ee es 110. pugnax, Machetes, 83. pulchra, Corethrura, 45. —- ——-, Sarothrura, 45. ~ zenkeri, 45. pygmeeus, Indicator, 43. reichenowi, 94. Pygoscelis papua, 32. Saaicola capistrata, 19. Pyrenestes coccineus, 67. chrysopygia, 94. granti, 67. hawkeri, 04. Pyromelana crassirostris, 14. occidentalis, 104. pheenicomera, 14. cenanthe, 84. elegans, 93, 94. pulchra, 45. centralis, 45. eens, Turdinus, 55, 60. schceniclus, Emberiza, 83. Pyrrhula erithacus, 10. scintillans, Phasianus, 24. —-— nipalensis, 10. scopifrons, Sigmodus, 66. — owstoni, 9. scoticus, Lagopus X Lagopus mutus, —— pileata, 107. ; —— pyrrhula europea, 107. Scotocerca inquieta innesi, 98. waterstradti, 10. —— sahare, 98. pyrrhuloides, Emberiza, 10-4. Seleucides ignotus, 36. Pytelia afra, 66. semitorques, Cisticola, 19. belli, 14. senegalensis, Batis, 105. —— melba, 14. , Indicator, 43. septentrionalis, Colymbus, 82. radcliffei, Tricholema, 47. Serinus leucopygius, 44. raggiana, Paradisea, 36, 100. riggenbachi, 44. ralloides, Ardeola, 82. sharpei, 19. rara, Lagonosticta, 58. sharpei, Cheetura, 57. rayi, Motacilla, 83. , Serinus, 19, rechli, Turdus, 56, shelleyi, Francolinus, 76. reeyesi, Phasianus, 24. sibirica, Melanocorypha, 51. Regulus goodtellowi, 5. Sigmodus caniceps, 70. reichenowi, Apus, 57. —— harterti, 70. —.,, Cinnyris, 55, 93. scopifrons, 66. — , Sarothrura. 94. smithi, Dendromus, 95, 96. , Turacus, 66. socotrana, Zosterops, 59. rex, Buccanodon, 47. seemimerringi, Phasianus, 24, 25, Rhipidura phasiana. 13. solitarius, Totanus, 104. rhodesix, Pinarornis, 110. soloensis, Astur, 69, rhodopareia, Lagonosticta, 58, 59. soror, Batis, 93. riggenbachi, Astur, 69. Sphecotheres salvadorii, 100. , serinus, 44. — stalkeri, 100. rosea, Acredula, 83. Sphenceacus natalensis, 92. rothschildi, ‘Turturcena, 42. transvaalensis, 92, ruahe, Tricholema, 47. sphenura, Steganura, 44. rubecula, Erithacus, 85. sphenurus, Astur, 69. rubicola, Pratincola, 54. stalkeri, Sphecotheres, O00, rubiginosus, Ploceus, 11, 27. Steganura paradisea, 43, 44. ruddi, Apalis, 93. aucupum, 43. ——, Heteronyx, 111. — verreauxi, 43, 44. rudolphi, Paradisea, 36, — sphenura, 44. rufopileata, Cisticola, 72, 73. Sterna fluviatilis, 81, 83. rufus, Neocossyphus, 77. —-—- minuta, 83, . Vol. xxi.] stictilema, Cheetura, 57. stictithorax, Indicator, 90, 91. stormsi, Turdus, 56. streperus, Acrocephalus, 84. striata, Neositta, 99, 100. Struthio camelus, 32. stuhlmanni, Cinnyris, 595. suahelicus, Dendromus, 96. subbuteo, Falco, 82. subruficollis, Tryngites, 13. subyiridis, Phylloscopus, 18, 19. sudanensis, Cotile, 88. Sula bassana, 81. sundara, Niltava, 18. swainsoni, Passer, 70, 71. Sylvia atricapilla, 83. cinerea, 81. —— hortensis, 83. Tchitrea camburni, 43. pluinbeiceps, 19. tricolor, 43. teitensis, Indicator, 43. tephronotus, Turdus, 56. Thalassidromna leucogastra, 80. —— oceanica, 78. Thalurania eriphile baeri, 27. theresze, Indicator, 90. thoracica, Apalis, 19. tinnunculus, Cerchneis, 83. Todirostrum capitale, 28, picatuin, 28. torquilla, Lynx, 85. Totanus solitarius, 104. transvaalensis, Sphenceacus, 92. Tricholema ansorgei, 46. —— flavipunctatum, 46, 47. hirsutum, 46. angolense, 47. hybridum, 46. lacrymosum ruahe, 47. —— radeliffei, 47. tricolor, Cinnamopteryx, 15. , Tchitrea, 43. Tringa maculata, 28. trivialis, Anthus, 31. Troglodytes borealis, 26. islandicus, 26. troile, Uria, 81. trothz, Ploceus, 27. Tryngites subruficollis, 13. Turacus reichenowi, 66. Turdinus moloneyanus, 111. —— phebei, 111. —— pyrrhopterus kivuensis, 55, 60. 120 Turdus baraka, 56. dubius, 52. elgonensis, 56. —— grauerl, 56. nauinanni, 52. —— olivaceus bambusicola, 56. —— rechli, 56. — stormsi, 56. —— tephronotus, 56. visvivorus, 84. Turturcena iriditorques, 42. rothsehildi, 42. — —— ugande, Lagonosticta, 5'). urbica, Chelidon, 83. Uria troile, 81. usukum, Lybius, 46. varia, Geocichla, 18. yariegatus, Indicator, 97. varius, Parus, 18. vellalavella, Zosterops, 106. verreauxi, Steganura, 43, +4. victoriz, Ptilorhis, 36. vinaceus, Carpodacus, 9. vinitinctus, Melithreptus, 13. virens, Andropadus, L1. viscivurus, Turdus, 84. vocifera, Aigialitis, 10+. Vultur monachus, 82. waterstradti, Pyrrhula, 10. wellsi, Cisticola, 17. , Cereba, 109. whytei, Krancolinus, 76. wolfi, Cyanecula, 8. woosnanui, Cisticola, 72, 73. yeltoniensis, Melanocorypha, 104. yessvensis, Emberiza, 18. zarudnyi, Acrocephalus, 26. zenkeri, Agapornis, 42. , Sarothrura, 45. zombe, Lybius, 46. ——, Mirafra, i11. Zosterops abyssinica, 59 socotrana, 59. annulosa, 60. capensis, 60. madagascariensis, 60. —— poliogastra, 60. —— —— erlangeri, 60. —— vyellalavella, 106. zuluensis, Calamocichla, 96. ee ee Printed by Tayior and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS CLUB. EDITED BY W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT. VOLUME XxXIil. REPORT ON THE IMMIGRATIONS OF SUMMER RESIDENTS IN THE SPRING OF 1907: ALSO NOTES ON THE MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS DURING “THE AUTUMN OF 1906. BY THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY THE BRITISH vi ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. LONDON: WITHERBY & CO., 326 HIGH HOLBORN. OCTOBER 1908. BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS CLUB. EDITED BY W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT. VOLUME XxXlil. REPORT ON THE IMMIGRATIONS OF SUMMER RESIDENTS IN THE SPRING OF 1907: ALSO NOTES ON THE MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS DURING THE AUTUMN OF 1906. BY THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY THE BRITISIL ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. LONDON: WITHERBY & CO., 326 HIGH HOLBORN. OCTOBER 1908. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. CONTENTS, PREFACE ai a ot ae re =f: a Ee 7 INTRODUCTORY oh ie = ee ee oe WG REporRtT ON THE IMMIGRATIONS OF :— THe Rine-OvzeL ae a oo, et ae ce pays Map ... ite ay, ee ‘i ot; ist oxy OO Tur WHEATEAR bs ae “3 bs an ee a THE WHINCHAT ... xp ae ads me ae Races |e: Map vad rey ate aYeka Fash cies aan oma 49 Tuer REDSTART ... 4% ae me os) . ceo RE MS, ai Te me Oke eh oe Tur NIGHTINGALE se a ‘ae Ae so ¥ire> 50 Map ... ue ui aa ae ee see A. Ring-Ouzel. B. Wheatear. Blackcap. Chiffchaff. Sedge- Warbler. Swallow. C. Redstart. Lesser White- throat. Yellow Wagtail. 16 | Rainy and overcast over the shores of the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, with moderate winds circulating cyclonically round a shallow depression over the same region. , Same as the previous day. Same as the previous day. Same as the previous day. Cuckoo. D, Wryneck. Ppl d6.s...6.... A. Ring-Ouzel. House-Martin. B. Wheatear. Whitethroat. Blackeap. Chiffchaff. Tree-Pipit. Swallow. Sand-Martin. C. Redstart. W hite- throat. Grasshopper- Warbler. Cuckoo. Lesser J I . Nightingale. te} tw) Wryneck, 9: Se A, Ring-Ouzel. B. Wheatear. Chiffchaff. Tree-Pipit. Swallow. C. Lesser White- throat. Cuckoo. D. Wryneck. April 17 2.5.0... | B. Willow-Warbler. Swallow. C. Redstart. Cuckoo. D. Wryneck. rN fad ccd nthe A. House-Martin. B. Swallow. C. Yellow Wagtail. Cuckoo. D. Wryneck. Le Foggy over the Bay of Biscay, English Channel, and adjacent shores. Temperature still remain- ing under 50° F, Centre of shallow depression, which had remained stationary over the entrance to the English Channel, began to pass eastwards during the day. Fog or rain over the Bay of Biscay and English Channel ; owing to the shifting of the centre of the depression eastwards, the winds were northerly over the coasts of the Bay of Biscay and English Channel. Misty or overcast over the Bay of Biscay and English Channel ; winds as on the previous day. Temperature persistently low for the time of year. Overcast over the Bay of Biscay, but fine over the English Channel; rainy over St. George’s Channel and Wales. Temperature remaining under 50° F. Winds northerly over the Bay of Biscay and greater part of the English Channel, but southerly over the Scilly Isles and west coast of Ireland. Apia TO eirsraya ts A. White Wagtail. B. Swallow. C. Yellow Wagtail. Cuckoo. D. Wryneck. ann 20) a socdas og A. White Wagtail. B. Whitethroat. Swallow. C. Yellow Wagtail. D. Wryneck. Aro oat ck cee B. Wheatear. W hitethroat, Chiftchaft. Willow- Warbler. Swallow. Sand-Martin. C. Redstart. D. Wryneck. 1219 bya so Aras EAC A. House-Martin. Land-Rail. B. Whitethroat. Chiffchaff. Willow- Warbler. Sedge- Warbler. Tree-Pipit. Swallow. C. Redstart. Cuckoo. 18 Fine over the Iberian Peninsula, overcast or misty over the French shores of the Bay of Biscay and over both shores of the English Channel. Tem- perature still low. Moderate winds from various directions over our area, viz. :— North-westerly over the Iberian Peninsula. South-easterly over Western France, the English Channel, and Southern England. Foggy over the northern coast of the Iberian Peninsula and entrance to the English Channel ; but fine over the greater part of the English Channel and adjacent coasts, with moderate south-westerly winds over the Bay of Biscay and English Channel. Temperature still under 50°F. Fog or rain over the Bay of Biscay and adjacent countries, with moderate westerly winds circu- lating cyclonically round a very large and deep depression with its centre oyer Iceland. Slightly warmer. Fine generally, but with some mist over the eastern part of the English Channel. Winds light and northerly over the Bay of Biscay, and westerly over the English Channel; warmer. Temperature 50° I’. ls a A. White Wagtail. House- Martin. Land-Rail. Common Sand- piper. . Chiffchaff. Willow-Warbler. Sedge-W arbler. Tree-Pinit. Swallow. C. Redstart. Cuckoo. Bord Bh ices ess A. C. D. House-Martin. Common Sand- piper. . Wheatear. Willow-Warbler. Sedge-Warbler. Tree-Pipit. Swallow. Redstart. Grasshopper- Warbler. Cuckoo. Turtle-Dove. PUTED Os aie trets ae « A, B. Common Sand- piper. Wheatear. Sedge-Warbler. Swallow. . Redstart. Grasshopper- Warbler. Cuckoo. . Turtle-Dove. 19 | Finer generally, but misty over southern portion | of the English Channel and Channel Islands ; warmer, winds circulating anticyclonically round a centre situated over the Bay of Biscay and France. Fine over the north coast of Spain and French shores of the Bay of Biscay, but foggy over the English Channel and adjacent shores ; warmer ; light airs generally from the west. Same as the previous day, 20 April 26 peatele esas ae Foggy or rainy over the Bay of Biscay, English Be Niheateae Channel, and adjacent coasts; less warm. WallowavVarhlen Temperature under 50°F. Calm at Cherbourg Sedge-Warbler. and the eastern part of English Channel ; alta moderate northerly winds elsewhere. Sand-Martin. C. Redstart. Grasshopper- Warbler, Reed- Warbler. Yellow Wagtail. Cuckoo. D. Nightingale. JTW EU Sitar abs 3: _Unsettled, rainy and misty generally ; much Beehitehate _ colder. Temperature about 40°F. Some hail- Sedge-Warbler. | storms and cold northerly winds. Swallow. | Sand-Martin. C. Redstart. | Grasshopper- Warbler. / Reed-Warbler. Yellow Wagtail. | Cuckoo. April 2876. aes a= | Fine in the morning over the Bay of Biscay and B. Chiffchaff, _ English Channel, but cloudy and rainy later, Se allow . with light northerly winds, Temperature con- : | tinuine under 50° F. Sand-Martin. 2 C. Redstart. Grasshopper- Warbler. Reed-Warbler. Yellow Wagtail. | Cuckoo. | D. Red - backed Shrike. 21 (pe Fine over the Iberian Peninsula, overcast or rainy AM@and-Rail. elsewhere. Temperature under 50°F. Mode- B. Chiffchaff. rate north-westerly winds. Swallow. Sand-Martin. Swift. C, Grasshopper- Warbler. Yellow Wagtail. — Cuckoo, | a Foggy over the Spanish and French coasts of the B. Chilfehatf Bay of Biscay and in the North Sea; rain and : Tree-Pi 1 squalls in the English Channel. Temperature San aaa under 50°F. Strong north-westerly winds. Swift. Note.—As will be seen from the above report, C. Grasshopper- the weather, during nearly the whole of April, Warbler. | was singularly cold, foggy, and unsettled. Yellow Wagtail. BEI re ais. 0s dversiv ss Rainy and cold, with strong north-westerly winds B. Godeu- Warbler over the whole area. Sand-Martin. C. Grasshopper- Warbler. Yellow Wagtail. D. Nightingale. . Is sticvaaha Genito ws Very stormy and unsettled, with strong westerly f Sasa Wihles winds circulating cyclonically round a large and a ae y deep depression, with its centre off the west C. Grasshopper- coast of Scotland, Warbler. Yellow Wagtail. D. Nightingale. B. C. Sedge- Warbler. Swallow. Grasshopper- Warbler. Yellow Wagtail. Cuckoo. D. Nightingale. A. Land-Rail. B. Wheatear. Whitethroat. Sedge- Warbler. Tree-Pipit. Swallow. Swift. C. Whinchat. Grasshopper- Warbler. Yellow Wagtail. Cuckoo. . Nightingale. Red-backed Shrike. HVE Oars ictal vs, 30). A. House-Martin. iB. Land-Rail. ‘Wheatear. W hitethroat. Sedge-Warbler. Tree-Pipit. Swallow. Sand-Martin. Swift. . Grasshopper- Warbler. Cuckoo. SHER . Nightingale. Turtle-Dove. 22 Same as the previous day. Fine over the north coast of the Iberian Penin- sula, but overcast and cold over our shores and Western France. Rainy and overcast over the Iberian Peninsula, Western France, the southern portion of the British Islands, Bay of Biseay, and English Channel, but fine along our eastern shores ; warmer; moderate winds circulating cycloni- cally round a depression with its centre off the Scilly Islands. eee eww eee wee A, Spotted Fly- catcher. House-Martin. Land- Rail. B. Wheatear. Whitethroat. Blackcap. Willow- Warbler. / Wood-Warbler. Sedge- Warbler. Swallow. Swift. C. Grasshopper- Warbier. Cuckoo. ; D., Nightingale. Turtle-Dove. A. Spotted Fly- catcher. House-Martin. B. Wheatear. W hitethroat. Blackcap. Sedge-W arbler. Swallow. Sand-Martin. Swift. C. Whinchat. Redstart. Cuckoo. D.Red-backed Shrike. B. Whitethroat. Garden- Warbler. Willow-W arbler. Sedge-Warbier. Tree-Pipit. Swallow. Swift. . Whinchat. Redstart. ~~ C2 Cuckoo. I), Red-backed Shrike. 23 Rainy, with athunder-storm over Western France and South-western England ; misty over the eastern half of the English Channel; centre of the depression passing northwards over Ireland, Unsettled over our Islands, France, and the north- west of Spain, with cyclonic circulation round two centres—a small one in the eastern half of English Channel, and another off the west coast of Ireland; rather warmer. Temperature 50° F. Cloudy over the shores of the Bay of Biscay and the western half of the English Channel; fine over the eastern half of the Channel and North Sea; strong scutherly winds over the whole area. B, Sedge-Warbler. Tree-Pipit. Swift. C. Cuckoo. D. Red-backed Shrike. Turtle-Dove. Mirae OD Meier terete. B. Wheatear. Wood- Warbler. Tree-Pipit. Sand-Martin. Switt. C. Whinchat. Cuckoo. 1) 25 Ley a ee A. House-Martin. B. Wheatear. Whitethroat. Tree-Pipit. Swallow. Swift. C. Cuckoo. D. Nightingale. Turtle- Dove. 1 dad CAR eon ere B. Whitethroat. Sedge- Warbler. Tree-Pipit. Swallow. Swift. C. Grasshopper- Warbler. Cuckoo. 24 ' | Unsettled, with strong southerly winds over the whole area, Fine over the eastern half of the English Channel, with light southerly winds; warmer; tempe- rature 60° F.; misty and dull elsewhere. Rain and fog in Spain, France, and the British Isles, with light southerly winds ; temperature 60° F. Cloudy or dull over Northern Spain, Western France, and the Bay of Biscay; fog at the en- trance of the English Channel, but fine over the more eastern parts of the Channel, Straits of Dover, and North Sea ; winds of slight intensity circulating cyclonically round a centre over the upper part of the Bay of Biscay. Temperature 60° F. over Western France and Southern England, but only 50° F. over Northern Spain. 25 ee Cloudy over the extreme west of France, with fog t the Channel Islands and adjacent French A. Spotted Fly- : J jem _ coast ; fine and warm. 65° F. over East Anglia Paria avin: and the North Sea; temperature under 60° F, ant Rail : in the English Channel, Bay of Biscay, and B. Whitethroat surrounding shores. Garden-W arbler. Willow-Warbler. Sedge-Warbler. Tree-Pipit. Swallow. D. Turtle-Dove. Wt is ste Ld. Hants lights. » 18. Channel Island lights, Cheshire. » 19. Cheshire, Yorkshire. » 20. Hants, Surrey, Berks, Cheshire, Yorkshire. » 21. Hants lights, Cambridge, Staffordshire. » 22. Herts, Merioneth. ,», 22-28. Suffolk (increase daily). » 23. Wilts, Surrey, Bedford, Cheshire (few), West- moreland. an a ” ”) lor) 33 Hants lights, Devon, Glamorgan, Cardigan, Merioneth. Sussex (many), Cardigan, Yorkshire. Sussex (decrease), Essex, Glamorgan, Merioneth (decrease), Hereford, Lancashire. Kent, Oxford, Bedford, Cambridge. Devon, Radnor, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Cam- bridge (few), Derby. Sussex (passing). Cumberland, Yorkshire (slight increase). Oxford, Merioneth (increase), Yorkshire (many). Somerset, Worcester (full numbers), Cardigan (passing), Leicester, Derby, Merioneth (de- crease), Cheshire, Lancashire. Hants lights, Somerset, Wilts, Staffordshire, Merioneth (slight increase), Cheshire (full numbers), Yorkshire. Hants lights, Oxford. Somerset, Berks (slight increase), Merioneth (decrease). Worcester (increase : nesting). Yorkshire (increase), Derby (many), Yorkshire (nest with eggs). Kent and Suffolk (nest with eggs). Gloucester (few), Radnor (nest with eggs), Shropshire (few), Cambridge (full numbers), Derby (many). Suffolk (nest with eggs). Radnor (increase). Berks (fairly numerous), Shropshire, Yorkshire (increase). Radnor (decrease), Staffordshire, Yorkshire (nests with eggs). Bedford and Derby (nesting), Lancashire. Wilts (nesting), Cumberland. Derby (nest with young). NIGHTINGALE. Q Cr THE NIGHTINGALE. Daulias luscinia (Mu.). On April the 11th several Nightingales were reported from Hampshire and one from Sussex ; and on the 13th one was recorded from Kent. Three Nightingales were observed at St. Catherine’s light on April the 15th, and during the next few days this species seems to have arrived in small numbers in the south-eastern counties, as records came from Surrey, Berks, Bedford, Cambridge, Hssex and Suffolk. A few were also recorded to the west of the Isle of Wight ; one on the 16th from Dorset, one on the 20th from Wilts, one on the 21st from Worcester, and one each on the 22nd from Somerset and Shropshire respectively. Irom the 24th onwards a general increase was noted in the southern and home-counties and records were sent in from Hereford, Leicester, Notts and Norfolk. A fresh immigration reached our shores during the first week in May, arriving along the eastern half of the southern coast, and on May the 6th full numbers were reported from Hants, while the records from the western counties of Devon, Somerset and Wilts showed a general increase. It is probable that the species was fairly established, even in the extreme limits of its range, by the first week in May, aud that the birds spread from Kent, Sussex and Hamp- shire to the north and north-west, as the following records indicate :— May 3rd. Suffolk, Oxford. May 4th. Berks, Herts, Derby. May Sth. Oxtord, Norfolk, Leicester, Glamorgan. 56 Fresh arrivals appear to have reached our coasts during the second fortnight in May, as increased numbers were observed in Kent, Sussex and Hssex on the 11th, though no birds were reported from any of the lighthouses. The first nest was found in Sussex on May the 6th, but no others were recorded till about ten days later. Between the 17th and the end of the month many nests were recorded, | and young birds were found in Suffolk on the 29th. As in the previous year, a few outlying birds bred in Devon and Glamorgan ; and it is worthy of note that the species again visited the neighbourhood of Exeter, where it arrived on the 6th of May, a nest being found by Mr. Rousham on the 24th. All the specimens examined during the month of April proved to be male birds. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 11. Hants (several), Sussex. Pe ltanel sient. »» 15. Hants lights. yo 6... Dorset. » 17. Berks, Essex. >) 6618: - Hants, Sussex. » 20. Wilts, Suffolk. » 21. Surrey, Bedtord, Cambridge, Worcester. 5» 22. Somerset, Shropshire. ,, 23. Surrey, Worcester (increase). » 24. Kent (slight increase), Essex, Leicester. > 20.) Surrey, Suffolk. 26. Kent (slight further increase), Notts. 27. Essex (slight further increase), Bucks, Here- ford. , 20... Herts, Norfolk. 29. Sussex, Somerset, Berks, Cambridge (slight in- crease). 30. Hants. bo Coe ier 57 Lincoln. Sussex (increase), Oxford, Suffolk (slight in- crease). Kent, Hants, Berks and Herts (increase), Derby. Glamorgan, Oxford and Norfolk (slight in- crease), Leicester. Sussex (nest), Hants (increase), Wilts (slight increase), Somerset, Devon, Notts. Berks, Essex (increase). Devon, Surrey (slight inerease), Middlesex, Suffolk (increase). Oxford (increase), Bucks, Yorkshire. Sussex, Kent and Essex (further increase). Dorset, Berks (resident), Gloucester (few), S. Shropshire (several). Lincoln. Surrey (nest with eggs). Cambridge (nest with eggs). Dorset, Lancashire, Berks (nest with eggs), Devon (nest). Suffolk (nest with young). Sussex (nest with young). THE WHITETHROAT. Sylvia cinerea Bechst. Av the end of March and in the beginning of April a few stragglers arrived in the west: on March the 30th two were observed in Glamorgan, and on April the 1st four were seen in Denbigh and one in Cornwall. There were records from Derby on the 2nd, from Dorset and Herts on the 6th, and from Kent and Bases on the 8th and 11th respectively. The first record from the lights was on the 15th, when a number of Whitethroats were noted amongst the great immigration at St. Catherine’s, Hants; a smaller lot was observed there on the 21st. On the 22nd a large immigration arrived on the south- east coast and many were seen at Dungeness light, Kent. Land records were very few, even at this date, and were mostly from the southern counties, though stragglers had reached Yorkshire on the 23rd, and by ‘lie 28th a few were scattered through most of the southern and midland counties. On the 29th there was a marked increase in Kent, Suffolk, Cambridge and Nottingham, on the 3rd of May in Somerset, and on the 4th in Kent, Hssex, Shropshire and Cheshire. On the 4th of May Whitethroats made their first recorded appearance on the Isle of Man and were also noted at the Spurn Head light, $.H. Yorkshire, but there was no evidence to show whether they were emigrants or not: the same re- mark applies to a few birds recorded from the Haisboro’ aud Cromer lights, Norfolk, on the following night. On tlie night of May the 5th the first large immigration 59 reached our southern shores, and many birds were seen at the Cornwall, Dorset and Hants lights, while there was a marked increase in the number of Whitethroats observed in many of the southern and midland counties. On the 7th about twenty were recorded from the Eddy- stone light, Cornwall, and a large number were observed in the Isle of Man—most probably a portion of those noted in the south on the previous day. An increase was also reported from Yorkshire, and the species was recorded from Cumberland for the first time that season. On the 10th and 12th small immigrations were noted at the Eddystone light, and a rather larger one was reported on the following night. On the 13th the species was numerous at the Hants lights, and on the 14th some individuals were observed there. There is evidence to show that during the week of the 8th-14th the Whitethroat became much more numerous in many of the counties and that it spread northwards, for on the 10th there was an increase in Cumberland and it was recorded for the first time from Northumberland ; on the 11th there was an increase in Derby, Lincoln and Yorkshire, and on the 12th in Lancashire and N.E. Yorkshire, On May the 15th another large immigration reached our southern shores and many Whitethroats were recorded from the Cornwall, Devon and Hants lights, and many were again observed at the Hants light on the 16th. Subsequently, an increase was noted on the 20th, 21st and 22nd, when further large immigrations of Whitethroats were recorded at the Hants light, and on the 23rd at the Hddystone light. The movements of these birds cannot be traced. The first nests reported are from Sussex on May the 3rd and from Hampshire on May the 8th. Nesting did not become general until the 17th of May, and it thus seems probable that, as in the case of the Willow-Warbler, those immigrants which arrive in the country in the middle of May do not remain in the south, but pass onwards to more northern nesting-grounds. E 2 60 WHITETHROAT. Map tl. Pe ENGLAND M. All other dates are in April. axp WALES = May. 61 2 WHITETHROAT. Map 2. al ENGLAND English Miler Gp graphical Miles 10 jo yo ¥o » wo Ad “o Cea wo anp WALES ~~~ All dates are in May, March 29. 30. ie 9) April 99 a CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. 22. 28. Leicester. Glamorgan. Cornwall, Denbigh. Derby. Dorset, Herts. Kent. Denbigh. Essex. Somerset, Glamorgan. Essex. Hants lights. Berks. Bucks, Herts, Notts, Derby. Essex. Hants, Surrey. Hants lights, Kent. - Kent lights, Bucks, Cambridge, Notts, Denbigh (slight increase). Cornwall, Wilts, Bedford, Yorkshire. Hssex, Worcester (few). Devon, Norfolk. Hants, Sussex, Kent, Berks, Suffolk. Dorset, Sussex, Wilts, Surrey, Denbigh (in- crease), Cheshire, Yorkshire. Kent (many), Middlesex, Essex, Suffolk (few), Cambridge (many), Staffordshire, Notts (settled). Yornwall, Hereford, Shropshire. Devon, Wilts, Derby, Merioneth. Sussex (building), Somerset (increase), Wilts, Berks, Montgomery (few). KE. Yorkshire lights, Somerset (decrease), Kent (increase), Essex (many), Oxford, Shropshire (several), Cheshire (few), Isle of Man. ” 10. it. 12. 13. 14. 16. 63 Hants, Sussex, Kent, Surrey, Wilts, Hssex, Herts, Suffolk (many), Norfolk, Yorkshire - (few), Isle of Man. Cornwall, Dorset, Hants and Norfolk lights, Hants, Somerset, Wilts (increase), Berks, Herts, Essex (increase), Suffolk (decrease), Hereford, Radnor, Cardigan (many), Denbigh (several), Lincoln (slight increase), Lanca- shire. Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Kent, Herts, Wilts (decrease), Glamorgan, Hereford (increase), Cardigan (decrease), Worcester, Shropshire (increase), Isle of Man (great increase). Hants lights, Hants (building), Derby (slight increase), Denbigh (decrease), Yorkshire (in- crease), Cumberland, Isle of Man (many). Hants, Berks (slight increase), Oxford, Bucks ; Glamorgan, Carnarvon and Cheshire (increase). Dorset, Oxford and Glamorgan (decrease), Radnor, Shropshire and Staffordshire (in- crease). Cornwall lights, Kent, Sussex, Somerset, Staf- fordshire (decrease), Derby (increase), Lincoln, Yorkshire (increase), Cumberland, North- umberland. Cornwall lights, Cornwall, Kent (further in- crease), Oxford, Lancashire, N.E. Yorkshire (increase) . Hants lights, Kent, Sussex, Gloucester, Oxford, Cambridge, Derby (increase), Lincoln (further increase), Yorkshire (decrease). Hants lights, Denbigh (increase), Derby (de- crease ). Cornwall, Dorset and Hants lights, Devon, Kent, Surrey, Denbigh (decrease), Lancashire and Cumberland (increase). Hants lights. May ”? 64 Cornwall (settled), Hants (increase), Kent (de- crease), Surrey, Berks and Derby (nests with eggs). Kent (nest with eggs), Dorset, Somerset, Derby and Denbigh (increase). Hants, Dorset (building), Somerset (further increase), Radnor (increase), Derby (decrease), Cheshire (nests with eggs). Hants lights, Derby and Suffolk (increase). Hants lights, Yorkshire (increase). Hants lights, Dorset, Derby (decrease), Lanca- shire (increase). Cornwall lights, Devon. Cumberland (increase). Sussex (nest with eggs). Isle of Man. Yorkshire (nest with eggs). Wilts (nest with young). THE LESSER WHITETHROAT. Sylvia curruca (L.). ALTHOUGH isolated examples of this bird were reported from Surrey, Berks, Brecon, the Isle of Man and Staffordshire during April, it did not arrive in any numbers until the beginning of May. In 1907 it appears to have arrived in flights consisting of many individuals, and it is possible to recognize several distinct immigrations. The jist was on May the 5th and 6th, when a few individuals were noticed in Kent and Essex. These probably passed rapidly northwards or north-westwards, as an increase was noted in Staffordshire on May the 7th. On May the 8th a fresh immigration must have reached the eastern half of the southern coast, as increased numbers were noticed in Kent and Sussex. On the two following days the species was noted from the western counties of Somerset and Worcester, while on May the 9th a decrease in its numbers was reported in Kent, and it was not observed in Sussex. On May the 10th or 11th another small immigration probably arrived, as increased numbers were again reported from Sussex and also from Wilts. The previous immigration had by this time reached York- shire, where one bird was noticed on May the 10th and many on the following day. On May the 12th increased numbers were noted in Oxfordshire, and, though Lesser Whitethroats had been seen in Essex and Cambridge a week earlier, they were reported for the first time from the eastern counties of Suffolk and Lincoln. 66 WHITETHROAT. LESSER 67 The second important immigration reached the Start light, Devon, on May the 13th and the Hants lights on the 15th and 16th. Smaller numbers arrived in company with larger flights of other species at the same lights on the three following mornings ; but in most parts of the country the residents had settled down, and from the 17th of May onwards reports of breeding birds arrived from all parts of the country. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 8. 7 3 i seg oe Fa ee May ie o 3. 4 6 » (fe ” 8. ave: aie fale ba" ps be aie § ote. ay 15; xs. Gs Surrey. Berks, Kent. Surrey, Brecon, Isle of Man. Staffordshire. Berks. Berks (slight increase). Cheshire. Kent, Herts. Cornwall, Wilts, Essex, Cambridge, Stafford- shire. Hants, Essex (few), Staffordshire. Kent, Sussex, Middlesex, Shropshire. Somerset, Worcester (few). Somerset, Herts, Yorkshire. Sussex, Wilts (increase), Berks, Bucks, Oxford, Yorkshire (increase). Hants, Oxford, Suffolk, Staffordshire, Derby, Lincoln. Devon lights, Oxford, Shropshire, Derby (in- crease), Denbigh, Lancashire Cheshire (in- crease). Kent (slight increase), Dorset. Hants lights, Kent, Suffolk (slight increase), Derby and Lancashire (increase), Cumberland (few). Hants lights, Staffordshire (increase), Derby (decrease). June bo bo oo Wo bo ex Oo — 68 Berks (increase), Cambridge (nest with eggs). Dorset, Wilts, Oxford, Cheshire, N. Wales. Sussex, Oxford, Shropshire (nest with eggs). Hants lights, Suffolk, Shropshire (nest with egos), Derby and Cheshire (increase). Hants lights, Hants (full numbers), Radnor (nest with eggs). Hants lights. Devon, Yorkshire (nests with eggs). Surrey (nest with eggs), Berks, Wilts (n- crease). Denbigh (nest). Wilts (nest with eggs). THE BLACKCAP. Sylvia atricapilla (1.). THis species arrived singly, or in very small parties, all along our southern coast. One individual was recorded in Dorset on the 30th of March, one in Kent on April the 2nd, and in Devon and Somerset on the 4th, while during the first three weeks of the month the records were those of single birds scattered over a wide area, chiefly in the southern counties. A small immigration was noted on the 14th at the Start light, Devon, and on the 15th at St. Catherine’s light, Hants. The first inland records were from Leicestershire on the 14th, Cheshire on the 21st, and Yorkshire on the 25th. In Dorset a few birds had become resident on the 21st, and by the end of the month the species had settled down in its usual numbers in the southern counties. On May the Ist Blackcaps were still very scarce in Yorkshire, where a few males only had been recorded, and in Wales, also, they arrived later than in the south and south-east. On the 6th and 7th there was an immigration of this species at St. Catherine’s light, Hants, followed by an increase in Berkshire on the latter date, and in Dorset, Berks and Yorkshire on the 8th, while the first arrival in Westmoreland was recorded on the 10th. There were further immigrations on the 15th and 20th at the Hants lights, but these can only be traced by an increase in the number of Blackcaps in the more northern counties. Nests were reported from Hampshire and Worcestershire on May the 2nd, from Berkshire on the 5th, and by the 20th of May the nesting-season was at its height. 70 BLACKCAP. “Dates thus (©) are in May, others in April. \ | | 1 ie F \ H | \ j ia | ee ee. ener yee == z = es _ = == — a ie pee: 0 [ : i fae i" if . Se i‘ : \ | ee eee Pc — - f= (i Many observers noted that this species was less numerous than usual in 1907, and was not to be met with in many of its accustomed haunts. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RecorDs. March 24. BA 0 April 2. ” 4, ” 5. ‘5 bs pete DOs wie, bok om a Fy ee | La, ERAS cae isl t Na (pels ene CF By 20. He LA oye. oy babiel gos Gl Ode, fer 0s ek oe ies erie ob ete eB ee 30s Miay 1, = 2. . 3, = 4, i Ha Herts. Dorset. Kent. Devon, Somerset. Dorset. Kent. Dorset, Somerset. Derby. Devon lights, Devon, Leieester. Hants lights, Worcester. Wilts, Sussex, Bucks. Surrey, Suffolk. Berks. Hereford. Merioneth. Dorset, Sussex, Berks, Cheshire. Hants. Devon, Sussex, Surrey. Hants, Worcester (increase), Leicester. Somerset (slight increase), Staffordshire, York- shire. Kent, Bedford. Cornwall, Berks, Cheshire (few). Dorset, Kent, Suffolk. Hants, Wilts (very few), Shropshire. Sussex. Somerset and Worcester (increase). Hants, Worcester (nest with one egg). Sutfolk (increase), Lincoln, Yorkshire. Wilts (few), Hereford, Cardigan, Denbigh. Hants, Sussex, Surrey (increase), Berks (build- ing), Herts, Suffolk, Gloucester, Carnarvon. 19, 22. 72 Hants lights, Devon, Dorset, Hants, Kent, Hssex, Oxford, Somerset, Cardigan (usual numbers). ! Hants lights, Berks (slight increase), Cam- bridge. Dorset and Berks (increase), Lincoln, York- shire. Glamorgan, Oxford, Bucks, Herts, Cambridge, Shropshire, Derby. Somerset, Westmoreland. Kent (increase), Bucks, Cambridge, Derby. Cambridge (few). Glamorgan, Berks (usual number), Shropshire (few), Denbigh, Yorkshire. Lancashire. Hants lights, Lincoln, Lancashire (few). Radnor. Merioneth (nest with six eggs). Dorset (increase), Radnor (several), Suffolk (nest with eggs), Norfolk. Hants lights, Surrey (nest with egg), Suffolk (increase), Shropshire (usual numbers), York- shire. Devon (nests with full clutches), Wilts (slight increase). Berks (increase), Lincoln. Kent (slight increase). Yorkshire (nest with four eggs). Wilts (nest with four eggs), Bedford (nest with young): Derby (nest with two eggs). THE GARDEN-WARBLER. Sylvia hortensis Bechst. Tue records of this species from the south-coast lights were much more numerous during the spring of 1907 than they were in either of the two previous years. From these it may be seen that the great mass of birds arrived during the third week in May, and that they landed along the western half of the south coast. On April the 14th single individuals were recorded from Kent, Surrey and Wilts. As shown by the Chronological Table, small numbers were recorded, during the latter half of April, from the south coast as well as from Essex and Shropshire ; while in Lancashire and Yorkshire the species was said to be fairly numerous. During the first week of May records were sent in from the western counties and from Wales. The jirst immigration was observed on May the 8th, when two individuals were secured from amongst a fairly large flight of other species at St. Catherine’s light, Hants. On the following day, May the 9th, an increase was re- ported in the number of birds in Herts and Oxford. On May the 10th the number in Herts had decreased, but had increased in Derby ; and on May the 12th the records from Norfolk, Radnor, Staffordshire, Cheshire and York- shire indicated fairly clearly that this immigration had spread out like a fan as the birds proceeded northwards. 7 The second well-marked immigration reached our shores during the early hours of May the 13th, when enormous numbers were seen at the Start light, Devon, and St. Cathe- rine’s light, Hants, but none were observed at the Eddystone ¥ 74 GARDEN-WARBLER. 1 oO = == —— ENGLAND (oO light, Cornwall. The records are insufficient to show how these birds were distributed over the country, but it is cer- tain that they had not reached Radnor and Derby on the following day (May the 14th), as in both these counties a decrease in the number of birds was noted; it is probable that by the 15th some had reached Glamorgan, Staffordshire and Lancashire. On May the 14th a third immigration reached the Hants lights, and these birds were no doubt the forerunners of a much larger ‘wave’ which reached the western half of our south coast on May the 15th, when hundreds of Garden- Warblers were seen at the Eddystone, Start and St. Cathe- rine’s lights. A fourth immigration reached the Hants lights on the morning of the 16th, and on the following morning yet another flight, or perhaps the tail-end of the preceding, reached the Sussex coast. By May the 17th the birds of this species had settled down in the southern counties, for nests and eggs were found on that date both in Hants and Surrey. On the 18th of May an increase in the number of birds was noted in Sussex, Surrey, Oxford and Radnor, and, in the last-named county, a nest was found. Many individuals, however, were still migrating, as on May the 19th there was a further increase in the number of birds in Dorset and Radnor. A jijth immigration arrived at the Hants lights on May the 20th and 21st, and could be traced into Kent, Herts, Berks and Wilts. A siath large immigration reached the Cornish lights on May the 23rd and could be traced as far as Wales. The seventh and last immigration arrived at the Hants lights on May the 31st, but there were no records to indicate its further progress. It will thus be seen that the greater portion of the birds landed along the western half of the south coast during the third week in May. _ iN re 76 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 14. Kent, Surrey, Wilts. ats elated, see Lami se pe e20s. Dorset: a) ele Devon 5 aos. Mssex. ; 25. Kent, Shropshire, Lancashire (few). ,, 26... Devon: 5 28. Herts, Cambridge, Yorkshire (several). May 1. Berks. Ss 3. Brecon, N. Yorkshire, Cumberland. ae 4. Brecon. ns 5). Surrey, Somerset, Gloucester, Cambridge, Merioneth, Yorkshire. - 6. Surrey, Hssex, Worcester (few), Leicester, W. Derby, Westmoreland. “ 8. Hants lights, Glamorgan, Wilts, Berks, Ox- ford, Herts (increase), Shropshire, Derby. » lO. Herts (decrease), Derby (few), Radnor, West- moreland. » 11. Sussex, Bucks, Lincoln, Merioneth, North- umberland. » 12. Radnor, Norfolk, Staffordshire, Yorkshire (in- crease), Cheshire. » 13. Devon and Hants lights, Kent, Berks, Gla- morgan, Cambridge, Shropshire (increase). , 14. Hants lights, Derby, Radnor (decrease). » 15. Cornwall, Devon and Hants lights, Kent, Glamorgan, Staffordshire, Lincoln, Lancashire (increase) . » 16. Hants lights, Dorset, Hants (increase), Gloucester (few). » 17%. Sussex lights, Hants, Surrey (nests with eggs), Herts, Derby (increase), Lancashire (de- crease). » 18. Surrey, Oxford, Suffolk (slight increase), Radnor (increase: nesting). Jt; bo bo i Ge a bo bo bo Poe Or ie Dorset, Glamorgan, Herts (decrease), Radnor (increase), Derby. Hants lights, Kent, Berks, Herts (slight in- crease), Suffolk (nesting), Yorkshire (increase), Cumberland. Hants lights, Derby (nests with eggs). Wilts, Herts and Lincoln (increase), Berks (decrease). Cornwall lights. Glamorgan. Yorkshire (nest). Berks (slight increase). Glamorgan. Hants lights, Denbigh. Denbigh, Wilts (nests with eggs), 78 GRASSHOPPER-WARBLER. All other dates are in May. ‘Map only indicates first records in each’ locality. THE GRASSHOPPER-WARBLER. Locustella nevia (Bodd.). THE arrival of this species in England generally escapes observation, and the records are mostly those of single birds recorded from widely scattered localities. The jirst arrival reported was at the St. Catherine’s light, where one was killed on the 15th of April. This was the only lighthouse record. The species evidently arrived gradually during the last week of April and the first week of May, by which time it was distributed throughout the greater part of the country. On the 20th of May it was nesting in Cumberland, and on the same date a nest with six eggs was found in Berk- shire, while one with five eggs was reported from Derby on the 22nd CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS, April 15. Hants lights. 5, 23. Hants, Leicester. 24. Kent, Worcester. » 20. Hants (resident). 26. Berks, Norfolk. » 2%. Norfolk (several). 28. Glamorgan. » 29. Surrey, Oxford. 2. Surrey. 3 3. Hants, Berks, Shropshire. on 6. — 80 Cornwall, Hants, Somerset, Surrey, Suffolk, Worcester, Denbigh, Cheshire. Hants (usual numbers), Dorset; Berks, Cam- bridge, Yorkshire, Cumberland. Wilts. Yorkshire. Dorset. Cornwall, Herts (several), Yorkshire. Shropshire (increase). Wilts, Lancashire (few). Berks, Cumberland (nests with eggs). Derby (nest). Isle of Man (resident). THE CHIFFCHAFF. Phylloscopus rufus (Bechst.). THE first point of interest with regard to this species is the important fact that Chiffchaffs were seen at Penzance, Cornwall, throughout the winter. The earlier records of this species, which is generally the first of our summer immigrants, were fairly evenly distributed. On March the 18th one was recorded from Leicester ; on the 21st, 22nd and 23rd a few were observed in the following counties :—Berks, Bucks, Dorset, Kent, Middle- sex, Somerset, Surrey, Sussex, and Wilts; and on March the 24th a few were seen in Cornwall and individuals in Cheshire, Oxford and Shropshire. On March the 25th the species was reported as being “‘ very numerous” in Cornwall, and it may be inferred that an extensive immigration had occurred that morning. Some of the birds must have gone north, as on March the 27th individuals were reported for the first time from Glamorgan and Merioneth. On March the 28th the records showed that this species was passing through the Welsh border-counties and had reached Staffordshire and Yorkshire, but the most important records were from Cornwall, Devon, Somerset and Worcester. The next day (March the 29th) the species was noticed to have decreased in Devonshire, but to have increased in Dorset, Glamorgan, Leicester and Shropshire. On March the 30th there was again an increase in the south-western and southern counties of Devon, Dorset, Somerset, Hants, Sussex and Surrey, and a few were noted from Brecon, Nottingham, Lancashire and Yorkshire. The birds in the southern counties passed on northwards, and by April the Ist Chiffchaffs were generally distributed throughout the midland counties. On the following day they were recorded from Scotland. 82 CHIFFCHAFF. gee et a age L a= = ENGLAND axp WALES Meh. = Me an | All other dates 'are in April. | Mch29 aR il @® Me Sle eh 83 On April the 4th another immigration réached Devon, Dorset and Somerset; this was followed by a further immigration into Somerset on the 6th; but the subsequent movements of this flight cannot be traced. The main immigration of this species took place between the 11th and 16th of April, when numbers of* birds landed between Hants and Dorset, and their course can be traced through the country as far north as Westmoreland. Between the 21st and the 23rd there was another considerable immi- gration in Dorset and Hants, and this was followed by the first records from the eastern counties—Hssex, Bedford, Cambridge and Norfolk. The first nest was recorded in Berkshire on the 27th, and the following day a nest with two eggs was found in Glamorgan. It is probable that further small immigrations occurred, notably in Dorset and Wiltshire, between the 27th of April and the 1st of May, and were followed by an increase in Shropshire en the 8rd, in Yorkshire on the 4th, and in Cam- bridge on the 6th; but the records are not sufficiently numerous to establish this with certainty. The Chiffchaff is not often observed at the lights, and during the season of 1907 it was only noted at St. Catherine’s : on the other hand, its congener, the Willow-Warbler, is one of the commonest of the species picked up at the lights.* CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. Seen at Penzance, Cornwall, throughout the winter of 1906-07. March 18. Leicester. no VOR. “Berks: » 22. Kent, Bucks. * On April 15th a specimen of the northern Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus rufus abietina, Nilss.) was received with several examples of the common form from St. Catherine’s light. This is believed to be the first recorded occurrence of this form in England, though it probably occurs annually on migration. March 23. ey Be, BOD: he ee Oe ee ONT Png oas: EA dg 5) pe 0) men et i ovat Ih ‘ De 5 3. 55 A. $4 Dorset, Sussex, Surrey, Middlesex (Nat. Hist. Museum, London), Somerset, Wilts. Cornwall (few), Oxford, Shropshire, Cheshire. Cornwall (very numerous), Hants, Sussex. Berks (slight increase). Glamorgan, Merioneth. Cornwall (increase), Devon (many), Somerset (slight increase), Worcester (few), Derby, Cardigan, Denbigh, Stafford, Yorkshire. Devon (decrease), Dorset, Glamorgan (slight increase), Brecon, Herts, Suffolk, Shrop- shire (slight increase), Leicester. Devon and Dorset (increase), Somerset, Hants, Sussex (slight increase), Surrey, Herts, Brecon, Hereford, Notts, Lancashire, Yorkshire (few). Devon (decrease), Sussex, Berks, Wilts, Gla- morgan and Shropshire (increase), Cardigan (slight increase). Kent (slight increase), Surrey (slight further increase), Essex, Wilts, Oxford and Leicester (increase), Staffordshire, Isle of Man. Dorset (decrease), Shropshire (great increase), Yorkshire (increase), Dumfries. Denbigh and Cheshire (slight increase). Devon and Dorset (increase), Somerset (further increase), Lincoln. Devon and Dorset (decrease). Somerset (great increase), Denbigh (decrease). Dorset (increase), Cambridge. Kent (slight increase), Somerset (decrease), Wilts (increase), Bedford, Suffolk (slight in- crease), Shropshire, Yorkshire and Lancashire (increase), Cumberland. Somerset and Leicester (increase), Merioneth (slight increase), Lancashire (decrease). Hants lights, Somerset (decrease), Berks and Oxford (slight increase), Worcester, Leicester and Merioneth (decrease). April 99 ” 99 a2 Oo bo RD Hants lights. Hants lights, Dorset and Kent (increase), Hants | and Somerset (slight increase). Dorset (decrease), Sussex and Glamorgan (slight increase), Cambridge, Leicester and Yorkshire (further increase). Hants lights, Dorset and Somerset (increase), Wilts (decrease), Berks (slight increase). Haats lights, Hants and Wilts (increase). Dorset, Somerset (decrease), Bucks (increase), Leicester (decrease), Cheshire (slight in- crease). Hants and Kent (decrease), Isle of Man (slight increase). Somerset and Leicester (increase), Westmore- land. Somerset (decrease), Wilts (increase), Radnor, Leicester (decrease), Yorkshire (increase). Hants lights, Dorset (increase), Wilts (de- crease), Radnor (slight increase). Devon (increase), Hants, Wilts, Essex (many), Bedford, Radnor (decrease), Lancashire (in- crease), Northumberland. Kent (increase), Cambridge (slight increase). Dorset and Kent (decrease), Somerset (increase). Sussex (increase), Somerset (decrease), Norfolk, Yorkshire (increase). Staffordshire (increase). Dorset (increase), Berks (nest). Devon and Glamorgan (nests with eggs), Lei- cester (increase). Dorset (decrease), Hants (resident), Wilts (in- crease), Norfolk (slight increase), Isle of Man (increase). Dorset (increase), Hants, Kent and Wilts (nests with eggs). Isle of Man (further increase). Dorset (decrease), Shropshire (great increase). Tot 86 Yorkshire (increase). Herts (nest). Cambridge (resident), Hereford (many), Den- bigh (slight increase) ,;Cheshire (resident), Isle of Man (decrease). Denbigh (decrease). Wilts (nest with eggs). Shropshire (nest with eggs). Isle of Man (nest with eggs). lo 2) ~l THE WILLOW-WARBLER., Phylloscopus trochilus (1.). Durine the last week of March stragglers were recorded along the whole of the south coast, and inlend trom Hertford, Brecknock, Warwick and Leicester. On the 3rd of April a fairly large flight was reported from the Eddystone light, and the birds appear to have scattered into many counties, Yorkshire being reached on the 5th. On the 7th a small flight was noted at the Hants light, while on the same day there was a marked increase in Somerset and on the 8th in Yorkshire, but these birds do not seem to have remained. Apparently the main body of this species began to arrive on April the 11th, for on that night hundreds were noted at St. Catherine’s light, Hants, while small flights were seen on the 12th at the Eddystone light, Cornwall, and again at St. Catherine’s on the 12th and 13th. A larger flight was observed at the Start light, Devon, on the 14th. These birds apparently helped to augment the numbers in the southern counties. This immigration reached its height on the 15th, when vast numbers of Willow-Warblers, in company with other species, reached the southern coast between Cornwall and Hants. The light-keeper at St. Catherine’s reported that “* Willow-Warblers were the most plentiful, and were rest- ing everywhere about the lantern.” On that night no less than 78 were killed at three lighthouses, viz. at the Eddy- stone, Portland Bill and St. Catherine’s. This immigration continued on the night of the 16th, as is shown by the returns from the St. Catherine’s and Eddystone WILLOW ENGLAND axp WALES WARBLER. 89 lighthouses; but on the 17th there were not nearly so many birds and only a few stray individuals were noted at St. Catherine’s. On the 18th the species was noted at the Hanois light, Channel Islands. It would appear from the reports of inland observers that after these ‘waves’ of immigration an increase in the number of birds was noted in the southern and west-midland counties, but not in the east-midland and eastern counties. With regard to the north, the first arrivals were noted in Cumberland on the 19th, in Northumberland on the 21st, and in Westmoreland on the 22nd. Large flights of Willow-Warblers were observed at St. Catherine’s on the 21st, and at Dungeness, Kent, on the 22nd, and on the following days there was an increase in many of the southern counties, while a slight increase was noted in some of the eastern and north-midland counties. On the 21st many passed through the Isle of Man. On the 24th a large flight was noted at St. Catherine’s and was followed by a further immigration on the 26th, which extended to Portland Bill, Dorset. On the following days an increase was noted throughout the country, but more especially in the eastern counties, where the species had hitherto been very scarce. During the first week of May small movements seem to have been going on throughout the country. On the 6th a fairly large immigration passed the Cornish and Hampshire lights, and was continued on the 8th at the latter light. The birds apparently passed on north and spread over the country. Several smaller immigrations were reported from the St. Catherine’s light on the 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th and 20th, and rather larger ones on the 21st and 22nd ; these flights all arrived in company with many other species, but, owing to the numbers of Willow-Warblers already in the country, their course could not be traced. Nests were reported from Hampshire on May the Ist, from Derbyshire on the 11th, and from Yorkshire on the 17th. By that date nesting had become general, and it may G 90 be presumed that these late immigrants were birds which were passing on to higher latitudes. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. March 22. ee mAs are aie bao) pie ues Pen eile Pact eee oe gr iB Bris: yitO: gee 12. 13. i SAO 15. Cornwall. Kent. Hants, Herts. Brecon, Leicester. Suffolk, Warwick. Wilts, Herts. Sussex, Cambridge, Somerset, Glamorgan, Denbigh. Devon, Hants. Cornwall lights, Devon, Somerset. Dorset, Wilts, Surrey, Middlesex, Shropshire. Devon, Somerset, Berks, Yorkshire (few). Hereford, Shropshire. Hants lights, Somerset (increase), Surrey (se- veral), Lancashire. Somerset (decrease), Suffolk, Norfolk, Denbigh, Yorkshire (many). Devon, Hants, Bedford, Worcester (few), Shrop- shire, Staffordshire, Yorkshire (decrease). Sussex, Kent, Essex, Leicester (slight increase), Merioneth. Hants lights, Berks (increase), Leicester (de- crease). Cornwall and Hants lights, Berks (decrease). Dorset and Hants lights, Surrey (slight in- crease), Somerset (increase), Glamorgan, Cardigan. Devon lights, Dorset, Hants, Sussex (slight inerease), Kent, Wilts (increase), Oxford, Leicester (increase). Cornwall, Dorset and Hants lights, Hants, Les 18. 19. 21. 22. 2 Berks and Shropshire (increase), Somerset (decrease), Cheshire. Cornwall and Hants lights, Dorset, Kent and Carnarvon ‘increase), Merioneth. Hants lights, Cornwall (slight increase), Sur- rey (increase), Leicester, Merioneth (decrease), Cheshire (increase). Hants and Channel Islands lights, Somerset, W or- cester and Hereford (increase), Merioneth (slight increase), Derby, Cheshire (decrease). Dorset, Sussex (further increase), Glamorgan, Shropshire, Leicester (increase), Yorkshire (slight increase), Cumberland. Kent (further increase), Somerset (decrease), Wilts ; Surrey, Radnor, Merioneth and York- shire (increase), Leicester. Hants lights, Surrey (decrease), Cambridge (in- erease), Derby (slight increase), Merioneth (de- crease), Isle of Man (many), Northumberland. Kent lights, Cornwall, Hants and Kent (in- crease), Somerset, Wilts (still further increase), Hssex (increase), Bedford, Radnor (slight increase), Shropshire, Notts, Derby (further increase), Cheshire, Lancashire (increase), Isle of Man (decrease), Westmoreland, York- shire (large increase), Northumberland. Devon, Somerset (decrease), Berks and Middle- sex (increase), Bucks, Staffordshire (slight increase), Notts. Hants lights, Surrey, Somerset, Wilts (further increase), Essex and Suffolk (slight increase), Glamorgan and Merioneth (increase), Radnor. Hants, Surrey, Norfolk (increase), Radnor (decrease), Staffordshire, Isle of Man (slight increase), Yorkshire (further increase). Dorset and Hants lights, Dorset (further in- crease), Somerset, Berks (decrease), Oxford, G2 April 29. 30. 92 Glamorgan, Denbigh (increase), Shropshire, Derby, Yorkshire (decrease), Westmoreland (increase). Kent, Essex, Surrey and Berks (increase), Ox- ford, Staffordshire and Denbigh (decrease), Lancashire (increase), Westmoreland (de- crease). Dorset, Somerset, Wilts, Bucks, Glamorgan (slight increase), Radnor, Staffordshire, Lei- cester, Lancashire (decrease), Yorkshire (in- crease). Dorset, Wilts, Berks (further increase), Oxford (slight increase), Suffolk (increase), Glamorgan, Radnor (decrease), Denbigh, Leicester and Derby (further increase). Dorset, Hants (further increase), Somerset, Gloucester, Denbigh and Yorkshire (decrease). Devon, Dorset (slight increase), Hants (build- ing), Somerset, Wilts (further increase), Surrey (increase). Somerset (decrease), Yorkshire (increase). Kent (increase), Somerset (slight increase), Shropshire (great increase), Staffordshire (n- crease), Cumberland. Somerset, Radnor and Leicester (increase), Lincoln and Cheshire (further increase). Kent, Wilts and Yorkshire (further increase), Sussex, Somerset (great further increase), Hssex, Oxford, Herts, Gloucester, Lancashire (increase), Isle of Man (several). Cornwall and Hants lights, Cornwall, Dorset, Hants, Berks, Herts (decrease), Hereford, Derby, Denbigh, Lincoln (increase), Lancashire (decrease). Kent (decrease). Hants lights, Denbigh (decrease). Herts, Cambridge, Denbigh and Cumberland (increase). ; 93 10. Denbigh (decrease). 11. Derby (building) and Cumberland (further increase). 12. Staffordshire and Yorkshire (increase). 13 & 14. Hants lights. 15. Hants lights, Kent and Suffolk (increase). 16. Hants lights, Yorkshire (increase). 17. Yorkshire (nests with eggs). 18. Kent, Suffolk, Radnor, Derby, Cheshire (nests with eggs), Lancashire (increase). 19. Denbigh (increase). 20. Hants lights, Somerset (nest with eggs), Surrey (increase). 1. Hants lights. 2. Hants lights, Sussex (nests with eggs), Shrop- shire, Lancashire. 94 WOOD-WARBLER. . Allother dates are in May. 25 © THE WOOD-WARBLER. Phylloscopus sibilatria (Bechst.). Tue /irst arrival of this species was noted in Sussex on April the 10th, but it was not until a week later that a few appeared in Wilts and Shropshire. Between the 18th and 22nd a few stragglers appeared in Kent, and a slight increase was noted in several of the western counties. These birds appear to have passed on to the north, as, with the exception of a few which remained in Lancashire, they were not noted again. From the 3rd of May onwards there seems to have been a general increase in the west and midlands, a few birds be- coming resident in several of the counties, but their point of arrival is by no means clear. On the 10th of May they seem to have arrived in slightly greater numbers, but the main immigration of this species took place on the night of the 14th of May, when large numbers were observed at the Cornish and Hants lights, and there was a slight increase in Kent and Radnor on the 15th and in Dorset on the following day. A further immigration was noted in Hampshire on the 20th and 21st of May, and was followed by a large increase in Hertfordshire and Yorkshire. On the 25th a nest with a full clutch of eggs was found in Denbigh. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 10. Sussex. » 16. Wilts, Shropshire. April 18. 19. 22. 23. 24. 20: 26. 28. aoe if CONS Or 10. Lite 96 Kent, Somerset, Wilts (decrease). Somerset (decrease). Shropshire (many), Lancashire. Shropshire (full numbers), Leicester. Lancashire. Glamorgan. Kent. Lancashire. Kent (several), Shropshire. Derby, Yorkshire (few). Brecon. Brecon (increase), Shropshire (settled), North Yorkshire. Surrey, Gloucester. Kent, Hants, Somerset. Berks, Worcester (few), Cardigan. Wilts, Surrey, Berks (increase), Merioneth, Cheshire. Dorset, Berks (resident), Denbigh, Yorkshire (many ). Somerset, Radnor, Cheshire, Westmoreland. Cornwall, Kent, Wilts, Cardigan, Merio- neth, Shropshire (slight increase), Derby (many). Hants (slight increase), Radnor (usual numbers resident). Devon (resident), Glamorgan, Merioneth. Merioneth, Yorkshire (increase). Cornwall and Hants lights, Kent, Radnor (slight increase). Dorset (few). Staffordshire. Merioneth, Denbigh. Surrey, Radnor (increase), Lancashire. Hants lights, Herts, Yorkshire (increase). Hants lights. Sussex, Lincoln, Derby (nest). . Glamorgan (usual numbers), Denbigh (nest with i ae ‘ Fg ] iv 9 oe Cornwall, Glamorgan and Shropshire (increase), Oxford. eggs). Cornwall (usual numbers). Derby (nest with eggs). = ——————<— =3 = ‘ = ENGLAND | wo D 30 (CO a a ee) 99 THE REED-WARBLER. Acrocephalus streperus (Vieill.). Tue records of this species, on account of its local distribu- tion and skulking habits, are very meagre. ‘The species appears to have arrived chiefly on the south-east coast, though it may also have landed on the east, but the evidence on this point is not conclusive. ‘The first record was that of a single bird in Dorset on April the 19th; a week later, on the 26th and 27th, several were observed in Norfolk, and on the following day they were noted in Kent and Hampshire, while a few passed through Devon on the 29th. On the 3rd, 4th and Sth of May this species arrived on the south-east coast and spread through the country in a north-westerly direction. Again, between the 10th and 22nd it continued to arrive, and gradually dispersed to its breeding-quarters. It was recorded as settled in Cambridgeshire on the 6th of May, and as nesting in Kent and Hssex between the 15th and 20th, but the first clutch of eggs was not recorded until the 29th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDs. April 19. Dorset. ioaeo»,. Nortolk: » 21. Norfolk (several). ,» 28. Hants, Kent, Norfolk (several). » 29. Devon (few), Suffolk. » «00, Devon. bo SS) bo bo 100 Suffolk. Kent, Oxford, Cheshire. Herts, Suffolk, Cambridge. Cambridge (resident), Cheshire (few). Sussex. Wilts (few). Oxford, Suffolk. Sussex, Cheshire (many). Sussex, Hssex (many). Hants lights, Kent (nesting), Lancashire (few). Derby. Hanis lights, Hssex (numbers nesting). Surrey (few). Kent (many), Berks. Wilts (increase), Derby. Suffolk (nest with eggs). Derby (nest with eggs). 101 THE SEDGE-WARBLER. Acrocephalus phragmitis (Bechst.). SMALL parties reached this country during the second week in April, but, with the exception of a single bird seen in Norfolk on April the 2nd, all the earliest records were from Kent. During the latter half of April a few were seen in the south-eastern and eastern counties, but the largest numbers were reported from the south-western and western counties. On April the 21st one was recorded from the Isle of Man; on the 23rd, two from Devon and four from Dorset; on the 24th, two from Somerset and a few from Worcester. On the 26th they had reached the eastern counties, as they were reported from Suffolk and Norfolk, and there was a decided increase in the latter county on the 27th. On the same day they had also reached Glamorgan and Merioneth, and were recorded from Cheshire and Yorkshire on the 28th. During the first week in May small parties had evidently arrived, as increased numbers were reported from most of the southern counties. The jirst large immigration reached our shores on May the 6th, and was reported from the Cornish, Hants and Kent lights ; probably a portion of the birds passed on, as some were reported from the Norfolk lights. This large ‘ wave’ spread across England and Wales, from Kent in the south-east to Cardigan and Cumberland on the west and north-west. The birds in the southern counties must have passed quickly northwards, as a decrease was noted in Wilts and Kent on May the 7th. A second immigration reached the Cornish lights on the 102 SEDGE-WARBLER. All other dates are in May. N.B.—Only the first part of the great wave is traced. eee eee ee ee ee ee ae 103 7th and the Hants lights on the 8th, and birds were observed arriving at our southern lights almost nightly from that date until May the 22nd (see Chronological Summary). The south-western lights were reached slightly before the south-eastern ones, and the birds then passed rapidly north- wards, spreading over the country as they went. The residents had settled down and were nesting in Derby- shire by the 20th, and in Surrey by the 21st, but fresh arrivals were still passing through both of these counties on the above dates. With the exception of an increase noticed on May the 25th in Wilts and Glamorgan and on May the 26th in ~ Cornwall, no further movements were observed. The species was reported as passing our south-coast lights on no less than twelve different nights between May the 6th and the 22nd. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE REcorDs. April 2. Norfolk. _ 9. Kent. » 14 Kent. » 21. Douglas Head light (Isle of Man), Essex. » 22. Kent, Bedford. » 23. Devon, Dorset. ,, 24. Somerset, Worcester (few), Herts. .. 20. Hants, Wilts. » 26. Suffolk, Norfolk. » 27. Wilts and Norfolk (slight increase), Glamorgan, Merioneth. , 28. Kent, Surrey, Bucks, Cambridge (few), Cheshire, Yorkshire. 9. Devon, Essex, Suffolk (few). 1. Essex, Leicester. = 2. Norfolk. 3. Wilts (slight increase), Surrey, Oxford, Brecon. 4, Dorset (many), Kent and Wilts (few), Oxford, Cheshire. May 2) OE Jue 164 Cornwall, Sussex, Kent, Surrey, Berks, Herts, Oxford, Norfolk, Yorkshire (few), Isle of Man. Cornish, Hants, Kent and Norfolk lights, Kent, Wilts (many), Essex, Bucks, Suffolk, Glamorgan, Worcester (many), Hereford, Cardigan, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Cheshire (few), Cumberland. Cornish lights, Hants, Kent, Wilts (decrease), Merioneth, Cheshire (many), Isle of Man. Hants lights, Sussex, Hants, Wilts, Worcester, Glamorgan (decrease), Berks (slight increase), Oxford, Cambridge, Shropshire (increase) and Lancashire. Dorset (numbers), Berks, Shropshire (decrease), Staffordshire, Lincoln, Isle of Man. Middlesex, Oxford, Herts, Derby, Cheshire (in- crease), Yorkshire (slight increase). Cornish lights, Hants (many), Sussex, Kent (few), Oxford (decrease), Derby (many), Y ork- shire (increase). Scilly and Devon lights, Cornwall (few), Sussex (increase), Kent, Wilts (decrease), Berks and Lancashire (slight increase), Isle of Man. Dorset and Hants lights, Sussex (decrease), Shropshire (increase). Sussex, Wilts and Oxford (slight increase), Berks, Merioneth, Yorkshire (decrease). Devon, Dorset and Hants lights, Hants (fair numbers), Lincoln (increase), Lancashire. Scilly and Hants lights, Dorset (numbers), Oxford (decrease), Yorkshire (increase). Hants lights, Wilts (increase), Yorkshire (de- crease). Dorset (decrease), Surrey (increase), Isle of Man. Cornwall (numbers), Dorset (many). 105 May 20. Hants lights, Cornwall (numbers), Sussex, Berks (increase), Derby (nest with eggs). » 21. Hants lights, Surrey (increase: nesting), Derby and Yorkshire (increase). » 22. Hants lights, Kent (few), Cheshire (nest with eggs). » 24. Cornwall (decrease), Kent (nest with eggs), Isle of Man (numbers). » 25. Wilts (further increase), Glamorgan (slight increase), Berks (nest with eggs). 26. Cornwall (increase). » 2%. Suffolk (few), Surrey. June 1. Denbigh (nest with eggs 106 | WHITE WAGTAIL. op 2 WOO 40 wD All vies dates are in April. 107 THE WHITH WAGTAIL. Motaeilla alba L. Owrne@ no doubt to its resemblance to the Pied Wagtail, the records of this species are somewhat scanty. It was first observed in Kent on the 3rd and 4th of April, and between the 6th and 15th it was recorded from Devon, Glamorgan, Montgomery and Lancashire. On the 18th a large flock was seen in Glamorgan; during the following week the species was noticed daily in Cornwall, and by the 21st it had reached Cumberland and the Isle of Man. During the rest of the season the records, which, with two exceptions (Norfolk, 3rd of May; Kent, 4th of May), were all from the west, were insufficient to enable any definite move- ments to be traced. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RecorDs. April 3. Kent. at 4. Kent. ss 6. Devon. 11. Lancashire. 5 13. Glamorgan. » 15. Montgomery. », 17. Somerset. ,, 18. Glamorgan (many), Montgomery (few). » 19-20. Cornwall lights. » 21. Isle of Man, Cumberland. » 22. Leicester. H 2 108 Cornwall, Devon, Glamorgan. Surrey. Cornwall, Kent, Montgomery (few). Cornwall. Cornwall. Glamorgan. Oxford. Kent (few), Brecon. Norfolk, Denbigh, Isle of Man. Montgomery (few), Isle of Man. Isle of Man, Lancashire. Montgomery, Isle of Man. Derby. Isle of Man. Montgomery, Denbigh, Isle of Man. Gloucester (few), Isle of Man. Isle of Man. oo. Re : a 109 THE YELLOW WAGTAIL. Motacilla rai (Bonap.). Aut the evidence tends to show that the great majority of Yellow Wagtails arrived on the south-east coast of England. The few stragglers which were recorded during the last week of March and the first week of April were all observed in Kent and Essex, the only exceptions being one in Hants on the 30th of March and one in Somerset on the 9th of April. After the 13th of April the numbers began toincrease. The first arrival was recorded from Yorkshire on that date, from Cambridge and Suffolk on the 14th, from Norfolk, Surrey and Berks on the 15th, from Derby and Staffordshire on the 16th and from Cheshire on the 17th. There seems to have been an influx on April the 18th, for the species was observed at the Hanois light, Channel Islands, while a slight increase was noted in Surrey, many were seen in Glamorgan, and other birds had pushed on into Shropshire and Lan- cashire. On the 20th there seems to have been a slight increase in the south-east and an increase! of males only was noted in Yorkshire. Another immigration probably took place on the 22nd on the south-east coast, as an increase of males was noted in Cambridge and Bedford. Larger numbers were noted in Norfolk on the 26th, and on the 27th a further increase was recorded on the Kentish coast, whence the birds apparently spread westward and northward, as they were recorded in Hants, Surrey and Cambridge on the 28th and in Devon and Worcester on the 29th. On May the 1st this species was recorded from the Hants 110 YELLOW WAGTAIL. ro ———— AT a NE 1 ENGLAND Q Pn anp WALES | 55) ntl J Ltt lights and by that date many had settled down in Surrey. On May the 3rd a migratory movement was noted in Devon, Oxford and Staffordshire, and on the 4th in Dorset, from which county but few had previously been recorded, while in Kent many had become resident. On the 6th the Yellow Wagtail was generally distributed in Derby. From the 9th to the 15th there was evidence to show that small migratory movements had been going on in the more northerly counties, but in most counties nesting had already begun by about the 12th of May. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. March 21. Kent (Dungeness). moo) oan. Mesex: » 26. Kent (Dungeness). 30. Hants. 3. Kent (Thanet). 4, Kent (Thanet and Dungeness). pe 5. Kent (Dungeness). 6. Kent (Thanet and Dungeness). 7. Essex, Herts. 2 9. Somerset. » 10. Kent (Dungeness), Essex. 5 11. Kent (Thanet). » 13. Essex, Yorkshire. » 14. Somerset, Suffolk, Cambridge. , 15. Kent (Dungeness and Thanet), Surrey, Berks, Norfolk (few). 16. Kent (Dungeness and Thanet), Hants, Wilts, Surrey, Staffordshire, Derby. » 17. Kent (Thanet), Derby, Cheshire. ,, 18. Channel Isles light, Surrey, Glamorgan (many), Shropshire, Lancashire. 20. Kent (Thanet and Dungeness), Surrey, Yorkshire (increase). 21. Sussex. 13. 14, 15. 16. lithe 18. | oe 112 Kent, Bedford (few), Cambridge (many). Dorset, Glamorgan (decrease), Staffordshire, Cheshire (few). Devon. Kent, Sussex, Somerset, Notts, Westmoreland. Norfolk (many), Merioneth. Kent (Dungeness and Thanet), Essex (few), Oxford, Yorkshire (increase). Hants, Surrey (many), Cambridge (increase). Devon (few), Somerset, Suffolk, Worcester. Kent (Dungeness and Thanet), Dorset, Here- ford. Hants lights, Lancashire, Surrey. Devon (few), Oxford, Shropshire, Staffordshire | (many), Derby. . Dorset (many), Kent (Romney—many, Dunge- ness and Thanet), Wilts (few), Oxford, Staffordshire (decrease). Sussex, Surrey (few), Yorkshire (increase). Kent (Dungeness—many, Thanet—few), Sussex (many). Bucks, Norfolk, Derby, Cheshire, Laneashire. Sussex (few), Berks, Shropshire, Yorkshire (decrease). Dorset (few), Cambridge (increase). . Sussex (decrease), Oxford. Kent, Hants, Wilts (building), Hssex (few), Staffordshire. Sussex (few nesting), Oxford (decrease), Cheshire (increase: nesting), Yorkshire (increase). Kent (many nesting), Gloucester (few), Shrop- shire, Staffordshire (many), Cheshire and Yorkshire (decrease). Oxtord (increase). Oxford (decrease). Dorset (few). Sussex (decrease). Derby (nest with six eggs). uy > ey / i Tithe "ii " PU is" ‘ { to. Dorset (few), Radnor (many), Yorkshire cin finished nests). Shropshire (few). Radnor. Wilts (nest with young). Sussex (nest with three young). 114 TREE-PIPIT. ; ENGLAND anp WALES 115 THE TREE-PIPIT. Anthus trivialis (1.). Durine the first fortnight of April a few stragglers of this species were observed in some of the southern and western counties, but no definite immigration could be traced. The first marked immigration was observed at the Hants lights on the 15th and 16th, and from that date the species gradually spread over most of the country. It was noted from Suffolk and Norfolk for the first time on the 17th, and in increasing numbers in Yorkshire on the 18th, while by the 19th it had pushed into the extreme west (Glamorgan, Cardigan and Merioneth). On the 20th a further increase was notedin Yorkshire, and on the following day many more birds arrived and some were also recorded in Cumberland. On the 22nd, 23rd and 24th Tree-Pipits gradually became more abundant in the south-eastern counties, and on the latter day there was an increase in the west (Radnor and Merioneth). . The usual breeding-stock of Tree-Pipits seems to have arrived in Hants by the 26th of April, and in most of the counties some birds had settled down by the first week in May. There was, however, some evidence to prove that small migratory movements were still going on, chiefly in the west, for in many counties the increase continued uniil. about the 8th of May. Between the 10th and 15th the species continued to arrive almost without cessation along the south coast, from the Isle of Wight to Kent, and there is some slight evidence to show that this immigration passed on to more northerly parts. Nesting was first reported from Hants on May the 8th, 116 Berks on the 11th, Cambridge on the 12th, Derby on the 13th, and Cornwall on the 14th. By May the 21st nesting had become general. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. Hants. Surrey. Worcester. Kent. Sussex, Cheshire, Yorkshire. Hants, Sussex, Wilts, Berks. Hants lights, Kent. Hants lights, Kent. Suffolk, Norfolk, Leicester. Hants, Yorkshire (increase). Dorset, Kent, Sussex, Glamorgan, Cardigan, Worcester, Leicester, Merioneth, Cheshire. Sussex, Surrey, Notts, Yorkshire (further in- crease). Cambridge, Cardigan, Merioneth, Shropshire, Yorkshire (large increase), Cumberland. Bedford (many), Hereford, Shropshire, Derby, Carnarvon (few). Kent (increase), Surrey (many), Norfolk, Gla- morgan, Brecon, Radnor. Devon, Berks, Herts, Radnor (few), Merioneth (many). Dorset, Hants, Surrey (decrease), Suffolk, Staf- fordshire, Westmoreland. Hants (usual numbers), Derby, Denbigh. Essex, Cheshire, Lancashire. Cornwall, Somerset, Surrey (many), Oxford, Bucks, Radnor, Staffordshire. Devon, Somerset, Suffolk (few), Cambridge and Shropshire (several), Notts, Derby. Cornwall, Dorset, Merioncth (decrease). i i) 18. 21. bl. 117 Devon (few), Wilts (several). Herts, Norfolk. : Oxford, Brecon (few), Norfolk, Merioneth (in- crease), Shropshire, Cumberland. Kent, Dorset, Radnor, Leicester, Derby, Cheshire (few), Yorkshire (slight increase). Sussex, Kent, Surrey (few), Cheshire (many), Lancashire, Yorkshire. Sussex (decrease), Berks (few), Herts, Glamor- gan, Shropshire (many), Staffordshire (few), Merioneth (few), Notts (usual numbers), Lin- coln, Yorkshire (increase). Kent and Staffordshire (decrease), Derby and Merioneth (many). Hants (nest), Wilts (few), Cambridge (increase), Radnor (decrease), Westmoreland. Dorset (few), Merioneth (decrease). Hants (usual numbers), Radnor (increase). Somerset, Merioneth (many), Berks (nest). Kent (increase), Merioneth, Cambridge (nest with eggs). Hants lights, Glamorgan, Radnor (decrease), Denbigh, Derby (nests with eggs). Cornwall (nest), Kent (increase). Hants lights, Radnor and Cheshire (increase). Radnor (decrease). Surrey (increase). Kent (decrease), Merioneth (many). Radnor (increase). Suffolk and Staffordshire (increase). Suffolk and Radnor (nests with eggs). Shropshire (nest with eggs), Lincoln. Kent and Lincoln (nests with eggs). Lancashire, Yorkshire (nests with eggs). Denbigh (nest with eggs). 118 RED-BACKED SHRIKE. o ee a > ek —— ENGLAND axp WALES 3 Ap. = April. ae All other datesjare in May. ps, THE RED-BACKED SHRIKE. Lanius collurio L. THs species appears to have arrived somewhat late, either singly or in very small numbers, on the south-eastern portion of the coast of England. The jirst record was that of a bird observed in Hants on April the 20th ; other individuals were reported from Essex on the 28th, Norfolk on May the 4th, Kent on the 7th, Sussex and Worcester on the 8th, Berks and Somerset on the 9th, Cambridge on the 10th, Merioneth on the 12th, and Hereford and Radnor on the 13th. The species was seen in Yorkshire on the 23rd, a rather rare occurrence. Nests with eggs were reported on May the 13th from Cambridge and on the 17th from Hants and Sussex. All the evidence tends to show that the species begins nesting operations very shortly after its arrival. The only record from the lighthouses was one bird taken at St. Catherine’s on May the 20th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 20. Hants. 28. Hssex. May 4. Norfolk. 5 7. Kent. A 8. Sussex, Worcester. e 9. Kent, Hants, Sussex, Somerset, Berks. » 10. Somerset (slight increase), Surrey, Cambridge. » 11. Middlesex. » 12. Devon, Wilts, Merioneth. 120 Gloucester (few), Hereford, Radnor, Shropshire, Cambridge (nest with eggs). Sussex, Berks. Suffolk. Berkshire (building), Oxford, Hereford. Sussex (nest with eggs), Hants, Wilts, Herts. Hssex, Bedford. Hants lights, Kent, Berks, Shropshire (several). Dorset Radnor (nest with eggs). Brecon, Yorkshire. Kent (slight increase). Surrey. Suffolk. Wilts, Glamorgan (nests with eggs). 121 THE SPOTTED FLYCATCHER. » Muscicapa grisola L. AutnoucH a few stragglers were recorded during the first week in May, it was not until the 6th and 7th of that month that the Spotted Flycatcher arrived in numbers. On those dates, however, it was recorded from the seaboard counties between Hants and Suffolk, and during the next few days it had spread in small numbers in a north-westerly direction, but did not reach any counties to the south-west of a line drawn from Hants to Merioneth. Between the 13th and 16th immigrations arrived on the western half of the south coast and spread over the south- western counties, the numbers over the rest of the country remaining unaltered. Immigrations arrived on the same portion of the coast between the 20th and 23rd of May, the eastern flank arriving in Kent and Sussex on the 24th. After that date the species appears to have settled down in its breeding-quarters, although a further small influx was noted in the Isle of Wight on the 31st. A half-built nest was found in Radnorshire on the 22nd. On the 24th the species was observed building in Suffolk, and on the same day a nest with one egg was found in Cheshire. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 23. Bueks. May 2. Staffordshire, com mon 10. Fi; 12. 13. bo Or 123 Herts. Berks, Staffordshire. Kent, Essex, Suffolk, Staffordshire, Laneca- shire. Hants lights. Hants, Leicester. Yorkshire, Cheshire. Sussex, Wilts, Worcester (several), Radnor, Shropshire, Westmoreland. Sussex, Berks, Herts, Suffolk (few resident), Cardigan, Derby, Yorkshire (several). Kent, Wilts (slight increase), Middlesex (London), Berks, Glamorgan, Merioneth, Staffordshire, Cheshire. Hants lights, Dorset, Wilts (some resident), Berks (few), Hereford, Shropshire (few), Derby (resident), Yorkshire (slight increase). Hants (several), Somerset, Glamorgan. Cornwall and Hants lights, Dorset (few resident), Middlesex, Oxford, Gloucester (few), Wor- cester, Merioneth. Hants lights, Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Essex, Oxford (few resident), Hereford, Denbigh. Kent. Norfolk, Isle of Man. Radnor (few resident), Isle of Man, Lanca- shire. Hants lights, Kent (few), Berks (usual numbers), Suffolk, Radnor, Shropshire (usual numbers), Derby (slight increase), Yorkshire (increase), Isle of Man. Hants lights, Sussex (slight increase), Hants, Middlesex, Hereford, Radnor (nest), Denbigh. Cornwall lights, Devon, Staffordshire. Sussex lights, Kent (increase), Surrey, Suffolk, Norfolk, Glamorgan, Radnor (slight increase), Cheshire (nests). Dorset (slight increase), Berks (nest). 12 Samer. Wilts (ners) ; Desby (net). 27. Kent (slight increase). 28. Glamorgan, Isle of Man. 29. Cornwall. ; - Hants lights, Cambridge, Denbigh. THE PIED FLYCATCHER. Musecicapa atricapilla L. Tur few records of this species are from such widely scattered localities that they afford little or no clue as to the points of arrival, or to the routes pursued by the immigrants. Most of the records refer to single individuals. The only Pied Flycatcher reported from the lights was one killed at St. Catherine’s on the 15th of May. The first arrival was recorded from Oxford on the 14tb of April. On the 23rd six, apparently on passage, were reported from Carnarvon. One appeared in Westmoreland on the 27th and one in Somerset on the 28th. Birds were reported from Hants on the 2nd of May and from Montgomery on the 3rd. On the Ath “a few” were seen in Radnor and three in Yorkshire ; while single individuals were noted in Cornwall and Norfolk respectively on the 6th. On the 19th a nest with two eggs was found in Radnor. The species was nesting in Yorkshire on the 22nd, and birds were said to be incubating in Brecon on the 23rd. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 14, Oxford. 23. Carnarvon (passing). 27. Westmoreland. », 28. Somerset. May 2. Hants. 3. Montgomery, Somerset. 4. Radnor (few), Yorkshire. 18. 22. 126 Berks, Radnor (few), Yorkshire (passing). Cornwall, Norfolk, Radnor. Norfolk. Cambridge. Radnor, Lincoln. . Radnor, Merioneth (resident). Hants lights, Radnor (few). Yorkshire. Norfolk. Merioneth. Radnor (many: nest with eggs). Yorkshire (nest). Brecon (nest). PIED FLYCATCHER. tx ax WALES All other dates are in “May. Map only indicates first arrivals.| in each locality. 128 SWALLOW. ENGLAND 1 M. = May.. All other dates are in April. THE SWALLOW. Hirundo rustica L. THE Swallow is so well known, and its advent is so generally looked for, that the records of its arrival are more complete than those of any other species, and it is therefore compara- tively easy to trace the arrival and dispersal of the various immigrations through the country. Tempted most probably by the fine weather in the spring of 1907 the first arrivals were earlier than usual. The species was first recorded from Leicestershire and Denbigh on March the 27th, and between the 29th and 31st scattered stragglers were noted in Cornwall, Hants, Berks, Mont- gomery, Lancashire, Yorkshire and Dumfries. It seems probable that these early arrivals followed a westerly course ; but, with the exception of the two indivi- duals seen in Cornwall on the 29th, we have no record of their actual route. During April and May Swallows continued to appear almost daily along the whole of the western half of the south coast, each immigration arriving first in Cornwall and Devon, then in Hants, and subsequently in the south-eastern counties. During the first half of April the birds appear to have remained chiefly in the south-western and western counties, those seen in the other counties being merely solitary strag- glers ; but from the 15th of April onwards their distribution became more general, and the contingents landing in the south-west passed on to the north and north-east in rapid succession. The immigration was so sustained and continuous that it would serve no good purpose to trace each successive move- ment, and the following summary of the earlier ones which 130 commenced on April the 13th will be sufficient to illustrate the mode of arrival. On the 13th and 14th the first immigration reached Corn- wall and Devon, and was followed on the 15th by lighthouse records from Hants and Sussex, accompanied by a slight increase in Kent and a decrease in Somerset and Wilts, and a further increase in Kent on the following day. On April the 17th an increase was noted from Essex, Worcester, Staffordshire, Cheshire, Lancashire and Yorkshira, with a decrease in Surrey and Berks. On the 18th there was a further increase in Cornwall and a decrease in Hants followed by another increase in Hants and Kent on the 19th and 20th. On April the 21st there was a great increase in Cornwall, Devon, Hants and Sussex, but a decrease in Berks and Surrey, while on the following day an increase was evident in Kent, Somerset, Surrey, Bucks, Bedford, Suffolk, Cambrid ge, Shropshire, Cheshire and Yorkshire, and a decrease in Vorn- wall, Devon, Hants, Sussex and Wilts. These dates show very clearly how each wave passed onwards, making way for others to succeed it. On April the 24th a fresh immi- gration was noted in Cornwall, Somerset and Wilts, and the following day Swallows were seen to arrive at the Kent lights and there was an increase in Sussex and Dorset, but a decrease in Devon and Somerset. Until the 8th of May, by which time the birds had settled down in most parts of the country and had begun nesting-operations, there was practically no break in ae immigrations. During the latter half of the month fresh contingents still continued to arrive, though it became more difficult to trace their course; the main bodies landed on the south-western seaboard counties on the 10th and 11th, 20th and 24th. Late records were sent in from the Varne light- vessel off Kent, between the 20th of May and the 10th of June, and it seems probable that these referred to emigrating birds, more especially as previous to May the 20th they were only noted at this light on two occasions, viz. the 25th of April and the 5th of May. 131 The records from the Isle of Man are particularly interesting. Swallows were first observed on the island on April the 14th and a few were occasionally seen between the 18th and 27th, all being noted as on passage. None were seen from April the 28th till May the 4th inclusive, but the next week, May. 5th-13th, a few were seen to arrive at the lighthouse and pass over the island. The following week the residents arrived and, almost immediately, began to build, and no further records were received showing changes in number. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. Murch 27. fees On Wha oe ep as eevee Dali, April ie »” 2. 3 ae °° 4. 3 De % 6. - cf “ 8. °° LE Bowe Share ”° 13. an Ss? 15 Leicester, Denbigh. Leicester. Cornwall. Montgomery, 8. Yorkshire, Dumfries. Hants, Berks, Lancashire, Dumfries (many), Cornwall, Herts. Dorset lights, Oxford, Cheshire. Dorset, Kent, Somerset. Hants. Dorset (few), Somerset. Devon, Dorset (few), Somerset, Denbigh. Devon (few), Dorset (decrease), Surrey, Staf- fordshire. Devon (decrease), Hants (increase). Hants lights, Shropshire, Leicester, Lancashire. Cornwall lights, Bucks, Glamorgan. Devon (increase), Wilts, Essex, Glamorgan, Worcester, Denbigh. Cornwall (slight increase), Devon (decrease), Hants, Sussex, Somerset, Wilts, Surrey, Essex, Berks, Worcester (increase), Cardigan, Merio- neth, Derby, Isle of Man, Yorkshire. Dorset, Hants and Sussex lights, Hants, Kent, Somerset and Wilts (decrease), Berks and Bucks (slight increase), Herts, Bedford, Suf- folk, Norfolk, Glamorgan, Cardigan. 132 April 16. Dorset, Kent (slight increase), Surrey, Herts, Cardigan and Shropshire (increase), Notts, Leicester (decrease). ,» 17%. Hants, Surrey, Essex (slight increase), Berkey Worcester, Cardigan and Shropshire (decrease), Staffordshire, Cheshire, Lancashire and York- shire (increase). » 18. Cornwall (slight further increase), Hants, Surrey and Berks (increase), Essex and Lancashire (decrease), Isle of. Man. ,» 19. Kent, Berks, Glamorgan (slight increase), Staf- fordshire and Yorkshire (decrease). » 20. Hants (slight increase), Kent (decrease), Wilts, Berks and Herts (increase), Bucks (slight further increase), Glamorgan (decrease), Rad- nor, Isle of Man, Yorkshire (slight increase). Paw bs Potnwall (great increase), Devon, Hants (further increase), Sussex (slight increase), Surrey and Berks (decrease), Cambridge, Carnarvon (many), Denbigh (increase), Isle of Man. » 22. Cornwall, Devon, Hants, Sussex, Kent, Somer- cet, Wilts, Surrey (slight increase), Bucks (further increase), Bedford, Cambridge, Suffolk, Shropshire, Carnarvon (decrease), Cheshire, Yorkshire (increase). » 23. Devon, Somerset (decrease), Surrey and Gla- morgan (increase), Denbigh and Cheshire (decrease), Westmoreland. 24, Cornwall lights, Somerset and Wilts (increase), Surrey and Glamorgan (decrease), Merioneth, Denbigh (slight increase), Isle of Man (few). 5, 23. Kent light, Devon (decrease), Dorset (increase), Sussex, Somerset (decrease), Glamorgan (slight increase), Essex, Suttolk, Shropshire (further increase), Notts (increase). 26. Cornwall lights, Dorset, Sussex and Essex (de- crease), Surrey and Norfolk Gncrease), Shrop- shire (further increase). 3? yr) 99 ss ” ) 29. 133 Cornwall (further increase), Sussex, Somerset, Berks and Oxford (increase), Glamorgan (de- crease), Radnor (slight increase), Staffordshire (increase), Isle of Man. Hants, Berks (decrease), Cambridge (slight further increase), Leicester, Staffordshire (decrease), Derby (slight increase), Denbigh (increase). Cornwall (usual numbers), Dorset, Kent and Suffolk (increase), Hants, Somerset, Oxford, Radnor, Shropshire and Leicester (decrease), Staffordshire, Notts and Yorkshire (increase). Kent and Yorkshire (decrease), Cornwall and Derby (increase). Devon and Wilts (increase), Surrey (resident), Cumberland. Shropshire (slight increase), Lancashire (in- crease). sent and Isle of Man lights, Hants and Kent (increase), Somerset (large numbers), Wilts, Berks, Oxford, Suffolk, Radnor, Staffordshire, Leicester, Lincoln and Yorkshire (increase), Isle of Man. Cornwall (resident), Sussex (increase), Kent (further increase), Essex, Berks, Herts, Suffolk and Hereford (increase), Radnor (further in- crease), Cardigan, Merioneth, Denbigh, Shrop- shire and Staffordshire (increase), Yorkshire (great increase). Devon (further increase), Hants (nesting), Somerset (decrease), Glamorgan, Cambridge and Norfolk (increase), Hereford (decrease), Shropshire (nesting) and Staffordshire (de- crease). Sussex, Somerset and Surrey (increase), Glamor- gan (decrease), Merioneth (further increase), Denbigh (decrease), Lancashire, Yorkshire and Isle of Man (inerease). 134 9. Devon and Somerset (decrease), Oxford and Cambridge (further increase), Merioneth (de- crease), Denbigh (increase), Shropshire (further increase), Derby, Cheshire and Cumberland (increase), Yorkshire, (decrease). 10. Somerset and Wilts (increase), Glamorgan (further decrease), Berks (decrease), Suffolk (resident). 11. Cornwall lights, Devon (increase), Somerset (decrease), Berks (nesting), Bucks, Stafford- shire and Lincoln (increase), Lancashire and Cumberland (further increase), Isle of Man (increase). 12. Cornwalllights, Cornwall, Staffordshire (nesting), Lincoln and Lancashire (decrease), Yorkshire (increase). | 13. Dorset (increase), Cambridge and Staffordshire (decrease), Derby (further increase), Lincoln- shire (increase), Yorkshire (decrease). 14. Dorset (decrease), Sussex, Essex and Wilts (further increase), Norfolk (further decrease). 15. Kent and Surrey (further increase), Berks (increase). 16. Denbigh (decrease), Yorkshire (increase). 17. Lancashire (increase), Yorkshire (decrease). 18. - Kent (further increase), Lancashire (decrease). 20. Kent light, Devon, Cambridge and Norfolk (increase), Radnor (further inerease). 21. Yorkshire (increase), Norfolk (decrease). 22. Devon (decrease), Wilts (further increase), Lancashire (increase), Yorkshire (decrease). 24, Cornwall and Kent lights. 25. Isle of Man (increase). 26. Cheshire (nesting). uit 135 THE HOUSE-MARTIN. Chelidon urbica (L.). Tue first arrival of this species was recorded in Hampshire on the 30th of March, and on the 1st of April two House- Martins were noted in Cornwall, one in Somerset and ten or twelve “on passage” in the Isle of Man. During the first week of the month stragglers were reported in Dorset, Surrey, Herts, Radnor, Warwick and Lancashire. On the 13th of April “many,” apparently fresh arrivals, were recorded in Devonshire, but passed on imme- diately. On the same date “ first arrivals’? were noted from Essex, Suffolk and Yorkshire. On the 14th there was an increase in Cornwall, Somerset and Hants, and a few indi- viduals were noted in Surrey and Worcester. On the 15th they were noted at the Devon lights, and during the next few days were observed on passage in Shropshire, Staffordshire, Lancashire and the Isle of Man. The first records from the east were a few seen in Kent on the 19th and in Cambridge on the 22nd, while on the 23rd and 24th several were noted at St. Catherine’s light in the Isle of Wight; on the latter date there was an increase in Essex and the first birds were recorded in Norfolk. On the 26th this species was noted at the Norfolk lights with an increase in Norfolk on the following day. From April the 29th to May the 5th numbers coming from the south-east and “going inland ” were recorded from Yorkshire, and on the former date numbers were noted in Shropshire. On the 6th there seems to have been a great increase in Yorkshire. Between the 4th and the 7th of May a large immigration took place along the whole of the south coast, but chiefly on the western half, and these birds seem to have spread 136 HOUSE-MARTIN. : ML = May. er dates are in April. _ 137 throughout England generally, an increase being noted in many counties, especially in the north, where hitherto the numbers had been small, and by this time the bulk of our breeding-stock had evidently arrived. Further immigrations, however, continued to make their appearance, notably between the 13th and 15th, and chiefly on the eastern half of the south coast ; again between the 18th and 20th, chiefly on the western half ; and possibly also on the 25th and 26th in Cornwall and Sussex. House-Martins were first seen in Cumberland on the 3rd of May and in Westmoreland on the 6th. They were building in Yorkshire on the 6th, in Hants and Staffordshire on the 7th, in Sussex on the Oth, in Berks on the 11th, in Kent, Lancashire and Staffordshire on the 12th and in Derby on the 17th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. March 30. Hants. April 1. Cornwall, Somerset, Isle of Man. ro 2. Dorset. 3. Radnor. 5. Herts. i 7. Surrey, Warwick. 9. Dorset, Lincoln. . 13. Devon (many), Hants, Essex, Suffolk, Yorkshire. » 14. Devon (decrease), Hants (increase), Somerse’, Wilts (few), Surrey, Berks, Worcester, York- shire. ,, 15. Devon lights, Hants (decrease), Somerset, Wilts, Berks, Shropshire. ,, 16. Shropshire (increase), Leicester. ,, 17. Shropshire (decrease), Staffordshire (few). » 18. Dorset (few). » 19. Kent, Somerset, Staffordshire (decrease). ,, 20. Radnor, Lancashire, Isle of Man. K April 22: OP DD): ee ne (OF Ree el Ly 28: eee May Ds Bs ae a 4, ” 3. 6. come | 138 Dorset, Hants, Cambridge and Shropshire (few), Staffordshire, Yorkshire (increase), Isle of Man. Hants lights. Hants lights, Devon, Kent, Wilts, Surrey, Hssex Gnerease), Norfolk, Glamorgan, Derby, York- shire, Isle of Man. Somerset, Suffolk, Shropshire (increase), Derby. Norfolk light, Surrey (few), Norfolk, Shropshire (few passing), Derby (decrease). Glamorgan, Herts, Norfolk (increase). Hants (decrease), Berks (slight increase), York- shire (many). Wilts, Essex (decrease), Suffolk (few), Shrop- shire, Yorkshire (many). Cornwall, Surrey. Suffolk, Montgomery (many), Cumberland. Devon (increase), Kent, Wilts, Hereford, Radnor, Derby (few), Lancashire (slight increase), Yorkshire (many). Hants (increase), Sussex, Kent (decrease), Som- erset (many), Wilts (increase), Berks, Oxford, Surrey (few), Herts, Suffolk, Glamorgan, Hereford, Radnor (slight increase), Merioneth, Carnarvon (many), Cheshire. Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Hants, Sussex, Kent, Somerset, Wilts, Berks, Surrey (decrease), Oxford, Herts, Suffolk (increase), Cambridge, Hereford, Radnor, Carnarvon, Denbigh, Shrop- shire, Staffordshire, Cheshire, Notts (slight increase), Lincoln, Lancashire, Yorkshire (great increase), Westmoreland (decrease). Cornwall, Devon, Hants (nesting), Kent, Somer- set, Berks, Oxford (increase), Herts (nesting), Worcester, Hereford, Denbigh and Staffordshire (decrease), Isle of Man (great increase), Derby (slight increase). a ee ee met, May ” Je) 10. Ef. 12. 13. 20. 139 Cornwall, Kent, Somerset, Surrey ; Cambridge, Glamorgan and Worcester (increase), Radnor (decrease), Shropshire, Staffordshire. Sussex (nest), Somerset, Bucks, Glamorgan (de- crease), Denbigh, Derby (decrease), Cheshire (great increase), Cumberland (slight increase). Sussex, Somerset and Wilts (increase), Denbigh (decrease). Cornwall, Hants, Sussex (usual numbers), Kent, Berks (nest), Denbigh and Shropshire (further increase), Derby, Lancashire, Cum- berland (increase), Northumberland (slight increase). Cornwall, Radnor (increase), Denbigh, Derby, Yorkshire (increase), Cumberland, Northum- berland (decrease). Kent (great increase), Herts, Denbigh and Derby (increase), Radnor (decrease), Cheshire (further increase), Lancashire (decrease). Sussex, Kent (further slight increase), Essex (increase), Glamorgan (slight increase). Hants lights, Cornwall, Surrey, Suffolk (decrease), Glamorgan and Cardigan (increase). Hanis lights, Cornwall (slight increase), Hants (increase: nesting), Wilts (increase), Derby (large increase). Cornwall, Hants and Glamorgan (decrease) , Herts and Norfolk (increase), Derby (nesting). Dorset (slight increase), Hants and Kent (further increase), Suffolk (increase). Devon (slight increase), Hants, Norfolk (de- crease), Somerset and Radnor (increase), Denbigh (slight increase), Derby (decrease), Lancashire (increase). Devon (large increase), Somerset, Wilts, Surrey, Glamorgan, Derby (increase), Cheshire (de- crease). K 2 ‘May 24, 25. 26. 140 Hants, Kent, Somerset (slight increase), Oxford, Denbigh and Cheshire (inerease), Isle of Man. Kent, Wilts (further increase), Cambridge (in- crease), Radnor (nesting), Denbigh, Cheshire (decrease). Cornwall (increase). Sussex (increase). 141 THE SAND-MARTIN. Cotile riparia (L.). Dortne the latter half of March the arrival of a few Sand- Martins was recorded along the south coast between Devon ~ and Hants. These seem to have passed on rapidly to the north and west, as birds were recorded in Anglesea on the 27th, in Brecon and Cheshire on the 29th, in Staffordshire on the 31st, and in Shropshire, Derby, Yorkshire and Dunafries- shire (in numbers) on April the 1st. It would thus appear that the entire movement was confined to the more western counties, as the species was not recorded either from Kent or Essex until the 1st and 4th of April respectively. A marked increase in the south-west was noticeable on the 6th and 7th of April, and about 200 individuals were noted in Cheshire on the latter date. During the second week of April the movements were small and confined to the south-west and west, and hardly any birds were observed in the east and south-east until the 15th, when some were noted at the Hants light and an in- crease was recorded in Kent, Essex, Norfolk and Yorkshire. During the third week of April there was a slight increase in the number of birds throughout the country, especially in the south-eastern counties. During the following week larger migratory movements were observed everywhere except in the north, and many birds had become resident. During the first part of May several immigrations seem to have passed across the country. On the 7th great numbers _of birds passed over the Isle of Man, and an increase was recorded in Cumberland on the 9th. On the 10th another migratory flock was observed passing the Isle of Man and on the 11th a further increase was noted in Cumberland. 142 SAN D-MARTIN. I} | | 2 eer Ts L eS a | 2 a ( | ENGLAND axp WALES All other dates are in April. - ____.Mch. = March.— | | | | [bisa = 1 1 if ce ooo a + a — 143 Between the 12th and the 22nd there was sufficient evidence to prove that Sand-Martins were still moving throughout the country, and on the latter date some were observed at the Reyal Sovereign light-ship approaching the Sussex shore. After the 22nd the movements decreased and by the end of the month they had entirely ceased. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. March 18. e 2b. QT. ah! De 29, mea AO: Ae ore, (oe) Surrey. Dorset. Hants, Anglesey. Devon (many), Dorset. Brecon, Cheshire. Devon, Hants, Glamorgan. Devon, Somerset, Staffordshire. Kent, Somerset, Shropshire, Derby, Yorkshire, Dumfries (many). Cornwall, Cardigan and Cheshire (slight in- crease). Radnor, Worcester. Kent, Essex (few), Cardigan (many). Devon (few), Dorset, Shropshire. Dorset, Essex, Yorkshire (few). Cornwall, Devon (few), Shropshire, Cheshire (many). Jornwall (few), Hants (many), Kent, Shropshire (few), Lancashire. Cornwall, Dorset (few), Kent, Shropshire and Lancashire (decrease). Cornwall, Dorset (decrease), Wilts, Essex. Devon, Kent and Essex (decrease), Surrey, Glamorgan, Lancashire (few). Glamorgan, Worcester, Shropshire (many). Devon and Dorset (increase), Kent, Glamorgan and Cheshire . (increase), Shropshire and Lancashire,(decrease), Yorkshire. April 14, 15. 16. 23. 144 Devon, Dorset (decrease), Somerset, Wilts (many), Berks, Glamorgan (further increase), Worces- ter (increase), Cheshire (decrease). Hants lights, Devon, Kent, Somerset, Wilts (slight increase), Berks (decrease), Essex, Norfolk, Glamorgan, Yorkshire (increase). Hants, Wilts and Surrey (slight increase), Wor- cester, Yorkshire (decrease). : Hssex (increase), Leicester, Lancashire, York- shire (slight increase). Kent (slight increase), Essex (decrease), Derby (increase), Yorkshire (decrease). Dorset, Berks (slight increase), Glamorgan, Derby (decrease), Lancashire (increase), York- shire. Wilts, Surrey, Berks (decrease), Bucks and Herts (increase), Yorkshire (slight further increase), Glamorgan (decrease), Isle of Man. Cornwall, Devon and Hants (increase), Sussex (slight increase), Kent and Surrey (decrease), Herts, Denbigh, Isle of Man. Cornwall, Devon and Sussex (decrease), Kent (slight increase), Wilts, Surrey, Berks, Bed- ford and Suffolk (increase), Cambridge, Shrop- shire, Cheshire, Isle of Man (decrease). Yornwall, Devon, Dorset, Somerset and Wilts (increase), Surrey and Berks (decrease), Gla- morgan and Yorkshire (increase), Cheshire (decrease). Cornwall (decrease), Berks (increase), Glamorgan and Shropshire (decrease), Isle of Man (few). Sussex, Somerset, Surrey, Berks, Essex, Gla- ‘morgan, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Cheshire, Notts and Lancashire (increase). Cornwall and Devon (increase), Dorset, Somerset and Berks (decrease), Norfolk and Shropshire (increase), Staffordshire, Notts and Lancashire (decrease). Or 10. a. 145 Cornwall, Wilts, Surrey and Oxford (increase), Glamorgan (decrease). Hants (increase), Surrey, Oxford and Glamorgan (decrease), Derby (slight increase), Yorkshire (further increase). Dorset ; Hants and Wilts (decrease), Hssex, Suffolk, Cambridge, Brecon, Staffordshire, Leicester, Notts and Yorkshire (increase). Devon (decrease). Cornwall, Surrey, and Derby (increase), Lan- cashire (decrease). Surrey (decrease). Devon (further decrease), Wilts, Surrey and Oxford (increase). Kent and Wilts (increase), Oxford (decrease), Derby (increase). Devon and Hants (increase), Kent (decrease), Herts, Suffolk (further increase), Carnarvon and Cheshire (increase). Dorset, Hants, Somerset, Hssex, Cardigan, Den- bigh (slight increase), Staffordshire (increase), Derby and Cheshire (decrease). Isle of Man light, Devon (slight decrease), Kent, Somerset, Wilts, Surrey, Oxford, Glamorgan, Denbigh (decrease), Shropshire, Staffordshire, Lancashire (slight increase), Yorkshire (in- crease). Devon, Kent and Glamorgan (decrease), Berks, Cambridge and Lancashire (increase), Berks, Oxford and Glamorgan (increase), Shrop- shire (decrease), Derby (slight increase), Lanca- shire (decrease), Cumberland (increase). Isle of Man lights (many), Herts, Glamorgan (decrease), Radnor, Merioneth and Derby (increase). Kent and Berks (increase), Herts, Radnor and Merioneth (decrease), Cumberland (further increase), 13. 14. 15. 16. ree 18. IED 20. 7A eg ear NS pay rox 146 Surrey, Berks, Suffolk, Norfolk, Radnor, Shrop- shire, Staffordshire and Derby (increase). Kent and Norfolk (decrease), Glamorgan (slight increase), Staffordshire (decrease), Cheshire (increase). Kent and Wilts (increase), Surrey, Cambridge, Glamorgan and Radnor (decrease), Derby (increase). Oxford and Lincolnshire (increase), Suffolk (slight further increase). Wilts, Oxford and Suffolk (decrease), Derby (further increase). Isle of Man. Berks, Oxford, Suffolk and Cambridge (increase). Cornwall, Devon and Surrey (increase), Berks (decrease), Radnor (increase). Devon, Herts, Suffolk and Glamorgan (increase), Cambridge and Radnor (decrease), Stafford- shire (increase), Cheshire (decrease). Cornwall and Devon (decrease), Radnor (in- crease). Royal Sovereign light (many), Wilts and Berks (increase), Middlesex (London), Herts, Radnor and Derby (decrease). Berks (decrease). Cambridge and Radnor (increase). Cornwall (increase). Kent, Norfolk and Denbigh (increase), Lan- cashire (nests with full clutches of eggs). Suffolk and Denbigh (decrease). Yorkshire (several nests with one or two eggs). Jalied 147 THE SWIFT. Cypselus apus.(L.). During the last week in April a few scattered birds were reported from the south coast (Cornwall, Devon, Dorset) and from Surrey. On April the 29th a slight increase was noted in Devon, and individuals were seen in Shropshire ; others were observed in Derbyshire on May the Ist and in Worcestershire on May the 2nd. On May the 4th a large immigration evidently reached the south coast between Cornwall and Hants, and the birds seem to have dispersed over all parts of the country except the extreme north and east. On the 5th the numbers seem to have been still further augmented, but no birds were recorded from Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk, Lincoinshire, the Isle of Man, Cumberland, Westmoreland, Durham, or Northum- berland, and only a few stray birds from Sussex, Kent, Herts, Cambridge and Yorkshire. On May the 6th another immigration probably arrived on the south coast between Cornwall and Hants, for an increase was noted in the extreme western counties of Wales and the first arrival was recorded in Hssex. There was evidence to show that the birds arriving in the south passed on to the north, for on the 7th there was a decrease in numbers in the south-west, and an increase in the north-west, the first arrivals being noted in the Isle of Man and Westmoreland. On the 8th there was a slight increase in the east (Surrey, Essex, Berks and Cambridge), and the species was recorded from Suffolk for the first time. By the 11th and 12th there was a general increase in the number of Swifts, especially in the east, but there was no evidence to show whether they came from the west or from SWIFT. All dates are in May. \ 149 the south-east coast. The species was not recorded from Northumberland till the 16th. On May the 14ti some were noted at the Hants lights, and from that time onwards till about the 24th there seem to have been smaller ‘waves’ of immigrants passing through the country; but as the species was by that time resident, they could not be traced with certainty. Nests with eggs were reported from Cambridge on the 17th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE REcORDs. 23-24. Devon. » 20. Devon, Glamorgan. 26. Cornwall, Devon, Dorset. mi 26) Coriwall, » 28. Surrey. ,, 29. Devon (many), Glamorgan, Shropshire. » 90. Devon (decrease), Hants. May 1. Devon, Surrey, Derby. * 2. Scilly Isles, Devon, Surrey, Worcester. ys 3. Cornwall, Devon, Hants, Wilts, Worcester, Brecon. " 4, Devon (increase), Dorset, Hants, Kerft, Somerset, Wilts (many), Surrey, Berks, Oxford, Bucks, Herts, Heretord, Radnor, Shropshire, Merioneth, Lincoln, Derby, Cheshire, Lancashire. : 5. Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Hants, Sussex, Kent, Somerset, Wilts, Surrey, Berks (many), Oxford, Cambridge, Herts, Glamorgan, Worcester, Hereford, Radnor, Carnarvon (few), Denbigh, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Leicester, Derby, Cheshire, Lancashire, Yorkshire. ;, 6. Cornwall (few), Devon, Hants (many), Sussex, Somerset, Wilts (increase), Berks, Essex, Gla- morgan, Worcester, Hereford, Radnor, Cardi- gan, Shropshire (slight increase), Staffordshire, Cheshire, Lancashire, Yorkshire. May % (7 10, Ike 13. 14. 18. 1: 150 Cornwall, Devon, Hants (many), Kent, Wilts, Berks, Glamorgan (increase), Cardigan (slight increase), Merioneth, Shropshire, Staffordshire (decrease), Westmoreland, Isle of Man. Hants (decrease), Hssex, Suffolk, Berks, Oxford and Cambridge (increase), Radnor, Denbigh, Shropshire and Lancashire (decrease). Wilts (increase), Surrey (slight increase), Berks, Oxford and Glamorgan (decrease), Notts. Devon (increase), Suffolk (slight increase), Lin- coln, Isle of Man. Cornwall, Sussex, Kent, Surrey, Essex and Ox- ford (increase), Cambridge (decrease), Radnor, Denbigh, Shropshire, Notts, Derby and Lan- cashire (increase). Scilly Isles, Devon (decrease), Kent, Berks, Herts, Radnor (further increase), Lincoln (increase). Sussex, Somerset, Cambridge, Radnor (decrease), Denbigh (further increase), Staffordshire, Cheshire (increase), Yorkshire. Scilly Isles and Hants lights, Somerset (de- crease), Wilts and Radnor (increase), Surrey (decrease), Oxford and Suffolk (increase), Cam- bridge (decrease). ; Hants and Glamorgan (increase), Essex (further increase), Suffolk (decrease), Lincoln, Cumber- land (few). Devon (increase), Northumberland. Devon (decrease), Cambridge (nest with eggs), Glamorgan (further increase), Denbigh (de- crease). Surrey (increase), Hssex (decrease), Suffolk (in- crease), Glamorgan and Radnor (decrease), Isle of Man. Devon and Somerset (increase), Hants and Wilts (decrease). Devon, Sussex, Somerset (decrease), Surrey 29 29 ”° 99 99 151 (further increase), Essex, Glamorgan, Radnor and Staffordshire (increase), Derby (further increase). Devon, Sussex and Surrey (decrease), Cambridge (increase), Staffordshire (decrease). Kent, Wilts, Berks and Suffolk (increase), Cam- bridge (decrease), Lincoln (increase). Surrey (increase), Berks (decrease) , Staffordshire (increase). Surrey (decrease), Norfolk ; Cambridge, Gla- morgan and Denbigh (increase). Surrey and Cheshire (increase), Denbigh (de- crease). Glamorgan (decrease). Denbigh (increase). Wilts (nest with eggs). THE NIGHTJAR. Caprimulgus europeus L. Tus records for this species were so few that it was practically impossible to trace its movements with any certainty. The first arrivals were observed on the south and south-east coasts during the second week in May and by the 10th and 11th single birds were noted as far north as Lancashire and North- east Yorkshire. On the 18th, 19th and 20th the number of Nightjars seems to have increased along the whole of the south coast, and was again augmented on the 24th, after which date no further movements could be traced. The first full clutch of eggs was reported from Hants on the dulats CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. May 6. Somerset, Suffolk (several). 5 8. Hants (few), Essex. 3 9. Dorset. » 10. Dorset, Somerset, Carnarvon, Lancashire. 11. Essex, Surrey, Suffolk, Shropshire, N.H. Yorkshire. 12. Hants, Glamorgan. ,, 13. Dorset, Radnor, Yorkshire (increase), » 15. Surrey, Worcester, Lancashire. 16. Sussex, Surrey, Worcester. 17. Hants, Glamorgan. 18. Devon, Dorset, Hants (increase), Sussex, Surrey. 19. Dorset, Herts, Radnor (several), Lancashire. 20. Sussex, Kent (several), Essex, Lancashire. 21. Merioneth, Shropshire (few). 153 Glamorgan. Devon, Brecon. Devon, Hants, Kent, Wilts, Surrey, Herts, Norfolk, Glamorgan. Suffolk. Dorset, Berks, Herts (several), Cardigan. Hants (two eggs), Kent, Wilts, Berks. Yorkshire, Lancashire. Dorset, Derby. Dorset, Herts. Derby (one egg). 154 WRYNECK. — “1 Or THE WRYNECK. Tyne torquila L. Tue Wryneck, like some other migratory species, seems to arrive singly or in very small parties. It appears to have landed on the south-eastern portion of the coast, for, with the exception of a single bird killed at the Portland Bill light on the 15th of April, it was not recorded from Cornwall, Devon or Dorset. On the night of April the 15th five were killed at St. Ca- therine’s light, Hants, but, with the exception of these, no others were recorded from the lights. The earliest records were received from Suffolk and Herts on the 26th of March, and between that date and the end of the month single birds were noted in Hants, Sussex, Kent and Monmouth. On the 1st of April single individuals were reported from Berks and Leicester respectively; on the 2nd two were noted in Somerset, and single individuals were seen in Surrey and Worcester on the 4th and in Denbigh on the 6th. After the 15th there was an increase in the number of birds in various counties, and they were reported as “ settling down” in Sussex, Wilts, Surrey and Berks during the last fortnight of April. Wrynecks were recorded from Bucks on the 17th, and from Shropshire and Staffordshire on the 20th, but as the species was not recorded again from the two last-named counties, these birds may have been merely stragglers. None were observed in the eastern counties till late, a single bird was seen in Suffolk on the Sthanda slight increase was noted on the 19th; the first birds were seen in Essex on the 20th, in Cambridge on the 21st, and in Norfolk on the 25th, IZ ‘ a 156 During the first week in May they were reported to have “settled down” in the counties of Hssex, Herts, Suffolk and Cambridge, and in Berks they commenced to nest on the 13th of May. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. March 26. Suffolk, Herts. spies Hl Osn Ebates foe fel Oe a SUSSEX. 0. Sussex, Kent, Monmouth. 1. Hants, Sussex, Kent, Leicester. 2. Berks, Kent. oe 4. Kent, Somerset, Surrey, Worcester. 6. Somerset (slight increase), Surrey, Denbigh. 7. Berks. 8. Hants, Worcester. 3 9. Sussex, Suffolk, Leicester. =e 8-14. Somerset (few resident). » 10. Leicester. , 14. Kent (resident). » 15. Hants and Dorset lights, Kent, Surrey. » 16. Sussex (slight increase), Wilts, Herts. » 17. Hants (increase), Bucks. », 18. Sussex (slight increase). » 19. Wilts, Berks, Suffolk (increase). » 20. Essex, Herts, Shropshire, Staffordshire. », 21. Cambridge. » 22. Surrey (resident). » 28. Kent (resident), Cambridge. » 24. Berks, Denbigh. ss, eos, woxtord. Norfolk. ,» 26. Bucks (many), Cambridge. , 28. Berks (resident). May 6. Hssex (few), Herts and Suffolk (resident), Cambridge. 13. Berks (nesting). 99 THE CUCKOO. Cuculus canorus Li. Tae Cuckoo reached our shores rather earlier than usual in the spring of 1907, and there is little doubt that stragglers had arrived in the south and west before the end of March. It was not, however, until the 14th of April that this species arrived in numbers, and between that date and the 19th they were recorded along the greater part of the southern seaboard, whence they spread to the eastern counties, while stragglers were recorded from Leicester, Cheshire, Lancashire and Yorkshire. The main immigration took place between: the 22nd and 29th of April, when great numbers of Cuckoos arrived along the whole of the south coast and spread northwards through- out the country as far as Yorkshire and westward to Wales, where the first birds were recorded on the 22nd, though it was not until May the 5th that they reached those parts in any great numbers. On the 24th at the Hants light and the 25th at the Corn- wall light this species was observed on migration, and during the following days an increase was noted in many of the southern counties and the first birds reached Westmoreland. Between the 3rd and 12th of May there was a steady increase in numbers, the majority arriving on the south-east coast, while smaller numbers were observed along the rest of the southern seaboard. ‘These birds spread throughout the country generally, and the first arrivals were recorded from Cumberland on the 5th. After the 12th the majority of the birds seem to have CUCKOO. 1 0 z 0 = = ENGLAND amp WALES | | a English Miles 10 20 Jo 4a 8D io 2 go 7” cod All dates are in April. | | | | 159 become settled in their summer-haunts, but smaller movements seem to have continued in the west till the 20th of May. The first egg was recorded from Yorkshire on the 18th. To account for the unusually early arrival of the Cuckoo in 1907 one must take into consideration the exceptional climatic conditions of the spring, the summer-like weather which prevailed during the latter half of March over the whole of England and Wales, as well as South-western Europe. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. March 26. Gloucester. s5- 29.. Hereford, si oa0—ol. . Wilts. » 931. Dorset, Hants, Gloucester. April 1. Devon, Sussex, Gloucester. 5. Wilts. 7. Kent, Wilts. 8. Devon, Sussex, Kent, Lancashire. = 9." Wilts. oto 0.) Devon. a Ld. -Oxtord. 12. Devon, Wilts. 13. Devon, Kent. » 14. Hants, Kent, Surrey, Berks, Cambridge, Leicester. » 15. Devon, Kent. 17. Kent, Essex, Somerset, Leicester, Yorkshire. 19. Sussex, Norfolk, Hereford, Cheshire. g/ .-20.: . Dorset: 21. Lincoln. 22. Hants, Surrey, Herts, Shropshire, Merioneth, Denbigh. 23. Dorset, Somerset, Gloucester, Suffolk. 24. Hants lights, Hants, Sussex (increase), Kent (slight increase), Berks, Bucks. 28. 29. be pe 12. 13. asa es 160 Cornwall lights, Devon, Hants, Surrey and Berks} (slight increase), Bedford, Suffolk (few), Wor- cester, Staffordshire, Derby, Westmoreland. Middlesex, Notts, Lancashire. Kent, Wilts, Surrey (few), Essex, Norfolk, Glamorgan, Hereford, Yorkshire (many). Somerset, Wilts, Surrey (increase), Bucks, Bed- ford, Norfolk. ; Cornwall, Surrey (decrease), Oxford, Suffolk, Brecon (many), Shropshire, Staffordshire (resident), Derby. Devon and Sussex (few), Kent, Norfolk (resi- dent). Kent (increase), Wilts (few), Herts, Worcester. Cornwall, Devon, Kent (increase), Somerset, Wilts, Surrey, Essex, Suffolk, Cambridge, Glamorgan, Worcester, Radnor, Cardigan, Shropshire, Carnarvon (few), Cheshire, Notts (several), Derby, Yorkshire (many), Cumber- land. . Hants, Essex (increase), Berks, Herts, Glamor- gan, Hereford, Radnor, Cardigan (fullnumbers) , Merioneth, Cheshire (fair numbers), Isle of Man. Radnor (slight increase), Shropshire (increase). Radnor (slight decrease), Lincoln, Isle of Man. Devon (slight increase), Derby. Somerset (influx). - Dorset (few), Sussex, Kent, Wilts (slight increase), Hssex (further increase), Berks (increase), Herts, Isle of Man. Cornwall lights, Cornwall, Bucks, Radnor, Staf- fordshire, Derby (many), Lancashire (slight. increase), Isle of Man. Glamorgan, Gloucester (slight sade Radnor (clieht decrease), Shropshire, Staffordshire and Derby (increase). 161 Merioneth (increase), Denbigh (slight increase), Isle of Man (resident). Cumberland (few), Lincoln. Kent, Wilts (increase). Glamorgan (decrease), Yorkshire (egg). Dorset (slight increase), Radnor (increase). Cornwall (few: egg), Berks (many), Radnor (further increase), Shropshire, Derby (increase). Glamorgan (slight increase). 2 oO 1 ¥ ENGLAND Ap. = April. All other dates are in May. 163 THE TURTLE-DOVE. Turtur communis Selby. TuE earliest records of the arrival of this species were received from Kent on the 24th and 25th of April and from Berkshire on the 27th. During the first days of May a few stragglers were recorded from the south-eastern counties, but it was not until the 5th of May that Turtle-Doves began to arrive in any numbers. At this period most of the birds appear to have landed on the south-eastern coast and to have passed rapidly inland. From Cambridge, Norfolk, Lincoln and Worcester arrivals were reported on the 6th of May, from Wilts and Somerset on the 7th, from Herts and Dorset on the 9th, from Derby on the 10th, and from Bucks, Denbigh and Yorkshire on the 11th, while there was an increase in Suffolk and Essex on the 10th. A further immigration was recorded from Kent, Hssex and Hants on the 11th, and the next day an increase was noted in Suffolk, and the first few birds were recorded from Leicester and Staffordshire. On May the 13th birds were observed at the Hants lights and in Sussex, and a decided increase was recorded from Berks, Herts and Cambridge, and, on the following day, from Essex and Suffolk. On May the 15th, the night when the greatest immigration of the season occurred on the south coast, birds of this species were seen and taken at the Cornwall, Devon and Hants lights, and an increase was noted in Sussex and Kent. Their movements could be traced as far as the extreme western counties, where an increase was noted on the 18th, 19th and 20th, but it was impossible totrace this immigration any further, for by that date the birds had everywhere become resident. 164 Another small immigration arrived on May the 23rd, several individuals being noted at the Hddystone light, Cornwall. Nests with eggs were reported trom Hants on May tbe 18th and from Wilts on June the Ist. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 24. Sy Sian ees ts Maver) Is og mee 2, O » 6. Renee: bs lO: eats ali, ee ap dies bdeeci megan. Sipeee lice ae pluck Heys) Seip Rae Kent. Kent. Berks. Surrey, Suffolk. Suffolk. Wilts. Kent, Wilts, Berks, Suffolk. Hants, Sussex, Kent, Essex, Berks, Cambridge, Norfolk, Lincoln, Worcester (few). Somerset, Wilts (increase). Dorset, Surrey, Norfolk, Herts, Lincoln. Essex (slight increase), Suffolk (inerease), Derby. Hants, Sussex, Kent (increase), Hssex, Berks (holding): Bucks, Denbigh, Yorkshee Bucks, Suffolk (aan ), Staffordshire, Leicester, Yorkshire. Hants lights, Sussex, Somerset, Berks and Herts (increase), Cambridge (great increase). Hssex, Suffolk (further increase). Cornwall, Devon and Hants lights, Sussex (increase), Kent (slight increase), Lincoln, Merioneth. Surrey (slight increase), Shropshire. Hants (increase: nest with eggs), Oxford, Cheshire, Denbigh. Dorset, Shropshire. - Wilts and Suffolk (increase), Hereford, Radnor, Cardigan, Derby (many). lag i CS (7.1 < y » e 100 | 1 = May aoe Somerset (slight increase), Hereford, Shropshire © SRM ers eee aie , » 23. Cornwall lights. * i + 4, 24, Somerset (increase). » 25. Sussex (slight increase), Yorkshire (resident). » 2%. Wilts (increase). June 1. Wilts (nest with two eggs). vee ts @ owe) 4 166 LAND-RAIL. Ap. = April- ' Allother dates .are in May. Map only indicates first arrivals. | ‘in each locality: 3 167 THE LAND-RAIL. Crex pratensis Bechst. THERE were very few records of this species, especially from the southern, south-eastern and eastern counties. The lighthouses furnish only a single record, one bird having been killed at Start Point at 2 a.m. on the 15th of May, at the tail end of an enormous flight of six or more different species. The first arrival noted was in Surrey on the 10th of April, and on the 17th one was heard in the Isle of Man. Subse- quently birds were recorded from Cornwall and Wilts on the 22nd, from Somerset, Lancashire and Norfolk on the 23rd, from Worcester on the 26th, from Lincoln on the 27th, from Leicester, Norfolk, Yorkshire and Nottingham on the 29th, from Cheshire on the 4th of May and from Cumberland on the 5th. Until the end of the first week in May the records, with two exceptions, refer only to single individuals ; but after that date the birds appear to have settled down in their breeding-haunts in various parts of the country, such as Cornwall, Cambridge, Staffordshire, Lancashire, Yorkshire and Cumberland. Many Land-Rails were reported from the Isle of Man between the 13th and 19th of May and from Cumberland on the 18th. With regard to the occurrence of this species in 1907, there is little to be said beyond the fact that it arrived and remained chiefly in the western counties. It should, however, be noted that it was neither heard nor seen by any of the observers in the following counties :—Hants, Sussex, Middle- . sex, Essex, Bucks, Herts and Suffolk, while it was only once Be 168 recorded from Kent, twice from Berks and Lincoln and three times from Norfolk. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 10. te bo o2 bs Co bo WD WH Ww LO i) ~~ FP ww PE SS oN S = e bo bn Se x j = i aes Pt pt OD S> or Surrey. - Isle of Man. Cornwall, Wilts. Somerset, Norfolk, Lancashire. Worcester, Lancashire. Wilts, Merioneth, Lincoln. Lancashire. Somerset, Norfolk, Leicester, Notts, Yorkshire. Derby, Denbigh. Lancashire. Worcester, Staffordshire. Brecon, Denbigh, Staffordshire. Cornwall, Surrey, Cheshire. Cumberland. Cornwall, Norfolk, Warwick, Cardigan, Shrop- shire, Yorkshire. Cornwall, Berks, Cheshire. Somerset, Wilts, Oxford, Isle of Man. Kent, Merioneth, Cheshire (increase), Cumber- land. : Wilts, Lancashire, Yorkshire, Northumberland. Radnor, Merioneth, Staffordshire, Derby, Lan- cashire, N.H. Yorkshire (increase). Staffordshire, Isle of Man (many). Cornwall (resident), Denbigh, Isle of Man (increase). Devon lights, Cumberland (few) Wilts. Lincoln, Cumberland (many). Lancashire. Glamorgan, Shropshire (few), Lancashire. yet THE COMMON SANDPIPER. Totanus hypoleucus (L.). Tuk first records of this species were from Yorkshire on the 17th of March and from Denbigh and Staffordshire on the 21st of March. With the exception of a single bird observed in Surrey on April the 8th, no additional records were received until the second half of April, when more scattered occurrences began to be recorded, though these were mainly in the northern, north-western and western counties. Between April the 22nd and the 25th birds were recorded in some numbers from the southern counties as well as from the north and west. Thus, on April the 22nd records were sent from Kent, Bedford and Cambridge; and on April the 23rd from Cornwall, Devon, Glamorgan and Herts ; while on April the 24th some were heard passing the Eddystone light- house in the early morning. The birds from the south-western and western counties increased rapidly in numbers during the following days, but very few were recorded from the south-eastern and eastern counties until the end of April and the beginning of May. The earliest nests were found in Staffordshire and Lan- cashire on May the 3rd. Large numbers were observed in the Isle of Man on May the 5th, but these decreased during the following days. Birds of this species were heard passing the Eddysione light on May the 15th and again on the 23rd. In studying the distribution of this species in England and M 170 COMMON SANDPIPER. All other anaes in April. 171 Wales during the migration, we must take into consideration the following points :— 1. That the species was first recorded during the third week in March from counties where it is known to breed, but there is no record to show from whence these earliest arrivals came. 2. That after our own residents had settled down and begun to breed, birds continued to pass across England on their way to more northern localities. Thus, though nests were found in Staffordshire and Lancashire on May the 3rd, two days later large numbers were seen in the Isle of Man, but these had decreased by May the 7th and 8th. Others were heard passing the Eddystone light on May the 15th, but by the 19th nearly all had left South Devon. It should also be remembered that a certain number of individuals of this species winter in Cornwall and Devon, and possibly these were the. birds recorded early in the season from the more northern counties, to which they repair before the main flocks of immigrants reach our shores. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS, March 17. Yorkshire. 21. Staffordshire. ,, 21-April 6. Denbigh. April 1. Cornwall. 4. Staffordshire. 6. Yorkshire. 8. Surrey. 9. Yorkshire. 17. Denbigh. 18. Shropshire. 19. Yorkshire, Merioneth (plenty), », 20. Lancashire. ? April 21. 22. 23. 24. 29. 2). 172 Hants, Radnor. Cornwall, Kent, Bedford, Cambridge, Carnarvon, Lancashire (few), Yorkshire (increase). Cornwall, Devon, Glamorgan, Herts. Eddystone light, Cornwall, Devon, Surrey, Cheshire, Lancashire (many). Dorset, Wilts, Merioneth (few), Derby, York- shire (increase). Cornwall, Devon, Cheshire, Lancashire (many). Cheshire (slight increase). Cornwall (slight increase), Surrey, Glamorgan, Isle of Man. Suffolk, Merioneth, Shropshire. Devon, Kent, Wilts, Surrey. Oxford, Suffolk, Norfolk, Staffordshire, Derby, Lancashire (nesting), N.E. Yorkshire, West- moreland. Kent, Essex, Wilts, Bucks, Derby, Cheshire. Kent, Wilts, Berks, Cambridge, Leicester, Lan- cashire, Isle of Man (many). Cornwall, Glamorgan, Merioneth (many), Staf- fordshire, Derby (many), Cheshire (few), Yorkshire (many). Isle of Man (decrease). Douglas Head light, Isle of Man. Sussex, Wilts. Wilts, Surrey, Oxford, Glamorgan (decrease), Radnor (few). Wilts, Radnor (decrease). Dorset, Radnor (few). Berks, Radnor (decrease), Staffordshire, Lan- cashire (many nesting). Eddystone light, Glamorgan, Worcester, Radnor (slight increase). Devon (decrease), Radnor (nests with eggs). Cornwall (settled), Shropshire (nesting), Derby, Tsle of Man. i « ‘ ; a” ae r’ al . tthe May 23. Eddystone light (many), Brecon (nest with ; 3 4 ; eggs). r fees, 24. Suffolk. ; | 4, +25. Yorkshire (nest with eggs). may 26. | Wilts, ee. 99. Isle of Man: q ” 3. Bedford. He" . q ) ¢ | 174 THE COMMON TERN. Sterna fluviatilis Naum. Tue first record of the Common Tern was a single bird seen in Lancashire on the 14th of April. In Kent a few arrived on the 20th, others on the 22nd, and by the 29th many had arrived at their breeding- grounds. On the 13th of May there was a further increase and by the 20th there were many nests with eggs. In Suffolk it was first seen between the 24th and 26th of April. On the 21st of April a few were seen in Lancashire, but after that date no further records were received till the 4th of May, when it was noted both in Lancashire and in South-east Yorkshire. Nests were first recorded from Lancashire on the 26th. It is impossible to trace any migratory movement from these records, but after reaching this country the species seems to pass along both the east and west coasts simultaneously. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 14. Lancashire. ,», 19-20. Kent (few). » 21. Kent (none), Lancashire. » 22. Kent (increase). 55 2d. Kent (none). 3 eas. stoi: » 26. Suffolk (increasing daily). » 29. Kent (many). May 4. Lancashire (few), S.E. Yorkshire. 5 S.E. Yorkshire (several). Cumberland (few). Dorset. Sussex. Kent (increase). Kent (many nests with eggs), Norfolk (many). Lancashire (many nests). 176 THE LITTLE TERN. Sterna minuta L. THE records of this species agree closely with those of the Common Tern, and it would seem as though both species migrated in company. A few were seen in Kent on the 20th of April and again on the 22nd, and by the 29th many had arrived at their breeding-grounds. During the first week in May a few Little Terns were seen in Hssex, and on the 7th and 8th the species appeared in Sussex and North Wales in some numbers. Between the 11th and 15th there was a slight increase in the numbers in Cumberland and Glamorgan, and by the 20th it was recorded as nesting in Hssex, Kent and Norfolk. The first and only record from Lancashire states that this species was nesting on the 26th, and on the following day it was reported to be nesting in Wales. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 20. Kent (few). » 21. Kent (mone). » 22. Kent (few). 5 23. Kent (none). » » 29. Kent (many). » 980. Yorkshire (many). May 1-5. Essex (few). 6. Kent (inland) (few). . 7. Sussex (many), N. Wales (several). 8. Sussex (numbers). 12. 1. 20. 26. a7, Glamorgan, Cumberland. Essex, Glamorgan (increase). Cumberland (increase). Kent, Essex (many nesting), Norfolk (many). Lancashire (many nesting). N. Wales (nesting). Cr f ; 179 UNSCHEDULED BIRDS. SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. THE FIELDFARE (Turdus pilaris). March 29th, 30th and 31st, Wilts, Hants and Yorkshire, large migratory flocks. April lst, Douglas Head Lt. Usle of Man), “great rush.” April 2nd and 8rd, Hants, Wilts and Yorkshire, increase. April 9th, Douglas Head, several. April 10th, 11th and 12th, Hants, Wilts, Cheshire and Yorkshire, many passing. April 13th, Suffolk, many. April 14th, Leman and Ower Lts. (Norfolk), few. April 15th to 21st, Wilts, Cheshire and Yorkshire, numbers passing, most numerous on 19th and 20th, especially in Yorkshire. April 17th, Glamorgan, many. April 22nd and 23rd, Cheshire, numbers, April 21st to 28th, Somerset, Shropshire, Yorkshire, passing in gradually diminishing numbers. April 29, Suffolk, large flock. May Ist and 2nd, Devon, Bucks, Cheshire and Yorkshire, large flocks. May 4th, Somerset, Bucks, Cheshire and Spurn Head (Yorkshire), a few. It will be seen from the above notes that the migration of this species lasted during the whole of April, the chief movements taking place on April Ist, 10th to 12th, 19th and 20th, 29th, and on May Ist and 2nd. THE REDWING (Turdus tlacus). The records apyarently show two chief migrations—one in March from the 9th to 16th, the other from the 6th to 22nd of April, March 9th and 18th, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Isle of Wight), few, many on the 16th. March 14th, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), few. March 24th to 31st, Shrop- shire, moderate numbers throughout the week. March 26th, Surrey, large flock. April 7th, Hants, few; St. Catherine’s, few; Spurn Head, few; Smith’s Knoll Lt.-v. (Essex), few. April 13th and 17th, St. Cathe- rine’s, few. April 14th and 22nd, Spurn Head, flighting all night. 180 THE BLACKBIRD (Turdus merula). March 13th, 15th and 16th, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Isle of Wight), few. March 14th, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), several. March 18th and 25th, Douglas Head Lt. (Isle of Man), many. April 3rd, 12th and 15th, Eddystone Lt. (Cornwall), few. April llth, St. Catherine’s. April 16th, Douglas Head. April 17th, Inner Dowsing Lt.-v. (Norfolk). May 10th, Eddystone, one. May 14th, Douglas Head, one. THE SONG-THRUSH (TZwdus musicus). March 9th, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Isle of Wight), few. March 15th— 16th, St. Catherine’s, many. March 13th, Start Lt. (Devon), few going west. March 14th, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), few. March 20th, Hanois Lt. (Channel Isles), two. March 21st-25th, Douglas Head Lt. (Isle of Man), many. March 31st, Portland Bill Lt. (Dorset), small flocks seen all day. April Ilst-4th, Douglas Head, many. April 11th and 19th, Douglas Head, several. April 16th, Spurn Head, few. THE MISTLE-THRUSH (Turdus viseivorus). March 13th, Start Lt. (Devon) and Portland Bill Lt. (Dorset). March 15th, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Isle of Wight). March 19th and 26th, Douglas Head Lt. (Isle of Man), few. THE STONECHAT (Pratincola rubicola). March 15th, Bucks, one. April 17th and 18th, Cumberland, many arrived. [N.B.—This species is not, strictly speaking, migratory, several notes of resident birds have therefore been omitted. | THE BLACK REDSTART (Ruticilla titys). April 10th, Richmond Park (Surrey), one. THE ROBIN (Erithacus rubecula). April 7th, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Isle of Wight). This specimen is an example of the Continental form. THE DARTFORD WARBLER (Sylvia undata). During the last week in February, this species, which is rarely seen in Hants in winter, appeared in some numbers, THE GOLDCREST (Regulus cristatus). March 25th, Would Lt. (Norfolk), 3 seen exhausted at noon. ae set se oe 3 181 THE BLUE TIT (Parus ceruleus). April 7th, Douglas Head Lt. (Isle of Man), Large immigration after south-west wind with snow. THE PIED WAGTAIL (Motacilla lugubris). March 9th, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Isle of Wight), one. March 21st, Staffordshire, many. March 28th, 29th and 30th, Cheshire and York- shire, many. April 10th to 14th, Merioneth, large immigration. April 20th, Yorkshire, many females. May 3rd, Yorkshire, passing over in flocks. It appears from the notes that this species continued to arrive from the middle of March to the middle of April, the males being a few days in advance of the females. Many, of course, winter in this country. THE GREY WAGTAIL (Motacilla melanope). March 23rd, Cheshire, many in nesting-haunts from which they had been absent during the winter. THE MEADOW-PIPIT (Anthus pratensis). March 13th, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Isle of Wight), one. March 30th, Cheshire. March 31st, Isle of Man, few. April Ist, 2nd and 3rd, Douglas Head Lt. (Isle of Man), many. April 2nd, E. Goodwin Lt.-v. (Kent) and Outer Gabbard Lt.-v. (Essex), few. April 10th, Merioneth, large migration. April 12th, Lancashire, many passing. April 18th, Yorkshire, many, and Hanois Lt. (Channel Islands), few. [N.B.—This species generally migrates in company with the Pied Wagtail. | THE ROCK-PIPIT (Anthus obscurus). March 30th and 31st, Douglas Head (Isle of Man), THE GOLDEN ORIOLE (Ortolus galbula). April 22nd and 25rd, Yorkshire (reported). May 7th, Kent, one shot. May 28rd, Hants, one heard. THE CHAFFINCH (Fringilla celebs). March 21st and 24th, Smith’s Knoll Lt.-v. (Essex), few. March 22nd to 28th, Douglas Head Lt. (Isle of Man), numbers. March 26th to April 3rd, Leman and Ower Lts. (Norfolk), several. April 18th, Leman and Ower Lts., few. 182 THE BRAMBLING (Fringilla montifringilla). April 10th to 14th, Cheshire, abundant, unusually late. April 15th to 17th, Yorkshire, many. April 17th and 20th, Cheshire, large migratory flocks. April 20th, Eddystone Lt. (Cornwall), few. THE GOLDFINCH (Carduelis elegans). April 14th, Start Lt. (Devon), one. April 17th, Cheshire, several large flocks. May 5th, Essex, several flocks. THE GREENFINCH (Ligurinus chloris). April 15th, Douglas Head Lt. (Isle of Man), hundreds seen. April 19th and 22nd, few. . THE LINNET (ZLinota cannabina). March 22nd, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), many. March 26th, Would Lt. (Norfolk), few. April 15th, Suffolk, few landed at daybreak. THE MEALY REDPOLL (Linota linaria). February 4th, Smith’s Knoll Lt.-v. (Essex), two. THE TREE-SPARROW (Passer montanus). March 27th, Leman and Ower Lts. (Norfolk), several. March 31st, Staffordshire, few. April 2nd, Outer Gabbard Lt.-v. (Suffolk), one. May 19th, Calf of Man, flock of 30. THE REED-BUNTING (Emberiza scheniclus). April 6th, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), one. THE STARLING (Sternus vulgaris). Movements of this species were noted nearly every night between March 12th and April 17th. The majority of the records come from the Lights on our east and south-east coasts. In a few cases the east coast Lights noted the direction of the flights, which, with one exception, were towards a point between west and north. THE HOODED CROW (Corvus corniz). March 21st to 26th, Cockle Lt.-v. (Norfolk), flocks passing. THE SKY-LARK (Alauda arvensis). The records show intermittent migrations of this species between March 9th and April 16th. As in the case of the Starling, the flights all arrived on our south-east and east coasts. a 183 THE HOOPOE (Upupa epops). March 30th to April 7st, Gloucester, one. April 2nd, Hants, one. April 5th, Devon, one. May 5th, Guernsey. May 12th, Suffolk. May 20th, Sussex. MONTAGU’S HARRIER (Circus cineraceus). April 9th, Hants, one. May 8th, Hants, one male. May 22nd, Hants, a pair, THE HOBBY (Falco subbuteo). April 80th, Sussex, a pair. May 15th, Surrey, a pair. THE GARGANEY (Querquedula circia). May 4th, Kent, three pairs (locality not previously visited). THE SHOVELER (Spatula clypeata). April 2nd, Cheshire, party of five, four males and one female, migrating. THE WIGEON (Mareca penelope). May 4th, Kent, few. THE GOLDEN-EYE (Clangula glaucion). March 27th, Cheshire, two passing. THE RED-BREASTED MERGANSER (Mergus serrator). March 29th, Bucks, a pair. THE “BLACK DUCK” (demia sp. ?). From March 26th till the end of April these birds were noted almost daily at the Royal Sovereign, Gull and Varne Lt.-vs. off Sussex and Kent. The records agree in noting the direction of the flight as E. in Sussex and E. to N.E. in Kent, and the time of flight as lasting from dawn till midday or 2 p.m. They appear to travel in small flocks. THE QUAIL (Coturnix communis). May 16th, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Isle of Wight), one. May 30th, Wilts, one heard calling. THE SPOTTED CRAKE (Porzana maruetta). March 31st, Berks, one. April 29th, Essex. May 7th, Denbigh. 184 THE WATER-RAIL (Rallus aquaticus). April 6th, Inner Dowsing Lt.-v. (Norfolk). April 15th, Portland Bill Lt. and Shambles Lt.-v. (Dorset). May 4th, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire). THE STONE-CURLEW (Gdicnemus scolopaz). March 3rd and 22nd, Wilts. March 25th, Suffolk. April 1st, Suffolk, several. April 2nd, Norfolk. April 9th, Hants. April 1st to 7th, Suffolk, several. April 21st, Suffolk, eggs. THE GOLDEN PLOVER (Charadrius pluvialis). March 31st, Hanois Lt. (Channel Islands) and Douglas Head Lt. (Isle of Man). April 2nd, Cheshire, many passing, and Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), few. THE GREY PLOVER (Sgquatarola helvetica). April 183th, Sussex, large flock passing over. May 6th, Isle of Man, two. THE DOTTEREL (ZLudromias morinellus). April 20th, Teesmouth (Yorkshire), few. May 5th, Yorkshire, few. May 26th, Norfolk. THE LAPWING (Vanellus vulgaris). February 21st to 28th, Hants, arrived on breeding-ground. March 13th and 16th, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Isle of Wight), manyseen. April 7th and 11th, St. Catherine’s Lt., few. April 12th, Eddystone Lt. (Corn- wall) and St. Catherine’s Lt. THE TURNSTONE (Strepsilas interpres). May 26th, Isle of Man, several. THE OYSTER-CATCHER (Hematopus ostralegus). March 27th, Isle of Man, first pair at breeding-place. THE JACK SNIPE (Gallinago gallinula). April 5th, Hants. April 6th, Spurn Head Lt. ( Yorkshire). THE WOODCOCK (Scolopax rusticula). March 16th, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Isle of Wight), one. r 185 THE DUNLIN (Tringa alpina). April 21st, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire). April 24th, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Isle of Wight). April 30th, Suffolk, many. May 4th, Kent, many. May 6th to 12th, Isle of Man, many in breeding-plumage. May 7th, 14th to 16th, St. Catherine’s, few. May 16th, Isle of Man, many. THE PURPLE SANDPIPER (Tringa striata). March 18th, April lst and 9th, May 6th, 8th and 18th, Douglas Head Lt. (Isle of Man). THE KNOT (Tringa canutus). March 4th, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), hundreds. April 6th, Spurn Head, few. THE SANDERLING (Calidris arenaria),. May 5th, Yorkshire, few. May 26th, Isle of Man. THE RUFF (Machetes pugnaz). April 20th, Yorkshire, two. THE GREEN SANDPIPER (Totanus ochropus). April 21st, New Forest (Hants), four. May 24th, Suffolk, one. THE REDSHANK (Totanus calidris). March 18th, Staffordshire. March 21st, Lancashire, first pair on breeding-ground. March 23rd, Herts. March 31st, Douglas Head Lt. (Isle of Man). THE GREENSHANK (Totanus canescens). May 13th, Sussex. May 14th, Sussex, passing over. May 17th to 20th, Essex, few. THE BAR-TAILED GODWIT (Limosa lapponica). May 11th, Norfolk, small flock. THE CURLEW (Numenius arquata). March 13th, Portland Bill Lt. (Dorset). March 14th, Lancashire, numbers going north. March 21st, Gull Lt.-v. (Kent). March 30th and 31st, Douglas Head Lt. (Isle of Man), several. April 4th, Derby. Apml Gth, Derby, on breeding-ground. April 16th, Herts, passing over. April 20th, Sussex, passing over. April 27th, Norfolk and Hants, April 28th, Sussex. N 186 THE WHIMBREL (Numenius pheopus). May Ist, Hants. May 2nd, Merioneth, few. May 3rd, Devon, few. May 4th and 5th, Dorset and Kent, few, Isle of Man. May 6th to 12th, Devon, Sussex, Norfolk, North Wales and Isle of Man, a few daily. May 12th, Bishop Rock Lt. (Isles of Scilly). May 15th, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Isle of Wight). May 12th to 26th, Essex, North ‘Wales, Isle of Man, passing almost daily in diminishing sinenbones THE BLACK TERN (Hydrochelidon nigra). April 14th, Quorn Reservoir. May 6th, Cumberland. May 8th, Suffolk. THE SANDWICH TERN (Sterna cantiaca). March 27th, Cumberland, one, the earliest date known, usually arrives in the middle of April. April 25th, Suffolk, two. May 3rd, 5th and 7th, Yorkshire, few passing. May 18th, Cumberland, nesting. THE GUILLEMOT (Uria troile). April 10th, Eddystone Lt. (Cornwall), several. April 14th, Bishop Rock (Isles of Scilly), arrived on breeding-ground. THE PUFFIN (Fratercula arctica). April 17th, Bishop Rock (Isles of Scilly), arrived on breeding-ground. April 29th to May 5th, Cumberland, many dead washed up daily. Does not breed locally. THE GREAT CRESTED GREBE (Podieipes cristatus). April 7th, Richmond, five pairs arrived, one bird nearly white. April 16th, Rickmansworth (Herts), one. April 20th, Surrey, four pairs, one nest begun. THE MANX SHEARWATER (Puffinus anglorum). April 20th, Bishop Rock (Isles of Scilly), arrived on breeding-ground. NOTES ON MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS DURING THE AUTUMN OF 1906. Norr.—During the autumn of 1906 records were only received from a limited number of observers and were supplemented by lighthouse records, The material which came to hand was therefore somewhat scanty, and in the following account we have only included those species concerning whose movements something definite could be ascertained. THE MISTLE-THRUSH (Turdus viscivorus). This species was noted at the Bishop Rock (Isles of Scilly), Eddystone (Cornwall) and St. Catherine’s (Isle of Wight) lights from Nov. 10th to Nov. 18th, with other species of the genus as well as Sky-Larks, Starlings and Meadow-Pipits. THE SONG-THRUSH (Turdus musicus). A few stragglers were noted at the east and south-east coast lights in the end of September. During the first part of October the numbers of migrants increased, some being noted at the south-east Channel lights nearly every night. The general trend of the migration seems to have been south-west. During the second week of October some were noted at the west Channel lights for the first time (Eddystone and Start), and an increase was noted in Devon on the 16th and 17th, but the birds appear to have passed on by the 21st. On the 19th a few were noted at St. Nicholas light-vessel (Norfolk) going west, whilst on the same night many were noted at St. Catherine’s (Isle of Wight) and a few at Hanois (Channel Islands) lights, During the last week of October a few were noted going west at St. Nicholas light (Norfolk) and some going south at Hanois and St. Catherine’s. NZ 188 On November Ist a large migration took place, many being recorded at the east coast lights (Kent, Essex aud Norfolk) going west and at St. Catherine’s (Isle of Wight). On the two following days a few were noted at the east coast lights. Another large migration took place between the 9th and 13th. On the former date many were recorded from Hanois light, on the 10th vast numbers from St. Catherine’s, Hanois, and Bishop Rock (Isles of Scilly) lights, on the 11th from Eddystone and Bishop Rock, and again on the 13th from the latter light, while a few stragglers were recorded on the 14th from Hanois. Migrating in a westerly direction in front of the cold wave they were noted in Dorset on December 20th-22nd and in Sussex on 26th—28th. Between the 13th and 18th of January a few were noted nearly every night at the Eddystone and Bishop Rock lights, but there was no record to show in what direction they were going. Thrushes were almost invariably found to be migrating in company with Redwings, Blackbirds, Fieldfares, Starlings and Sky-Larks. THE REDWING (Twurdus chacus). The first records were at the end of September and beginning of October from Shropshire, Cheshire and Yorkshire; on the 9th and 10th of October it was noted in Sussex on passage. On the 12th and 14th a few were recorded from Eddystone light (Cornwall), and on the 15th many. On the 18th it was recorded in Sussex on passage, and some were noted at Hanois light (Channel Islands); on the 19th many were recorded from St. Catherine’s light (Isle of Wight); on the 21st from Eddystone. On the 27th another large emigration was recorded from St. Cathe- rine’s and Hanois lights; while vast numbers passed St. Catherine’s on November Ist. Between the 6th and 15th of November there was a very large emigra- tion, birds being noted going south in vast numbers at Bishop Rock, Eddystone, St. Catherine’s and Hanois lights, the height of the migra- tion being on the nights of the 9th, 10th, and 11th. Smaller migrations were noted on the 23rd—25th from these lights, The apparent absence of this species from the east coast lights on migration is no doubt due to its being mistaken for the Song-Thrush. THE FIELDFARE (Turdus pilaris). An early straggler was recorded on September the 8rd in Lincoln and another on the 26th in Shropshire. A large influx was noted in Lancashire on October the 20th, and several flocks on passage in Cheshire and Lincoln on the 23rd, while on the 25th Y. 159 the first was recorded from Denbigh. On October the 27th many were recorded from Hanois light, and on the 29th there was an influx into Lincoln. Large numbers were recorded on the Ist, 2nd, and 3rd of November from the east coast lights (Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex) going west. From the 9th to the 15th this species was recorded every night in large numbers at the Scilly, Cornwall, Isle of Wight and Channel Island lights: these were presumably emigrants. Like the Thrush, this species was noted migrating west before the cold wave at the end of December. THE BLACKBIRD (Turdus merula). A few migratory birds were noted in Lincoln on September the 20th and at Haisboro’ light (Norfolk) on October the 2nd, going south-west. On October the 14th, 19th, 22nd, and 23rd immigrants were noted at the Norfolk and Sutfolk lights ; while from the 19th to the 22nd large numbers of emigrants were noted at the Cornwall, Hants and Channel Island lights. From November the Ist to the 3rd large numbers of immigrants were noted at the east coast lights (Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex and Kent) ; while from November the 9th to the 15th emigrants were recorded in large numbers from the Scilly Island, Cornwall, Hants and Channel Island lights. Small emigrations were noted from the 22nd to the 26th at the same lights. As was the case with the other Thrushes, this species was noticed migrating west before the cold weather at the end of December. THE WHEATEAR (Sazicola enanthe). The departure of this species was not easy to detect. During the last week in August it was recorded on migration in Lancashire, and on the 26th and 27th it was noted at Eddystone light (Cornwall). During the first ten days of September a few were seen migrating on the Lancashire, Denbigh and Lincoln coasts and in Wiltshire. On the 14th a great increase was noted in Lincoln; on the 18th a few were recorded at Hanois light (Channel Islands); and on the 19th a further increase was noted in Lincoln and many at the Hanois and St. Cathe- rine’s (Isle of Wight) lights. By the 22nd most of the migratory Wheatears had left Lincolnshire, and another emigration was noted at Hanois light on that night and again on the 24th. At the end of September the numbers had diminished considerably, and in the early part of October the last few stragglers were recorded— the last lighthouse record being on October the 10th, when a few were seen at St. Catherine’s. ae wnt 190 THE REDSTART (Rutzcilla phenicurus). The chief emigration of this species seems to have taken place in September, during the first part of which month it was noted on migra- tion in Lincoln, Sussex and Dorset. On the 19th there was a migration in Lincoln, and on the same day many were noted at Kent and Hants lights. On the 22nd and 24th at Hanois light (Channel Islands) and on the 27th at St. Catherine’s it was again noted; while on October the 2nd, 11th, and 23rd stragglers were observed at Cromer (Norfolk), Eddystone (Cornwall) and St. Catherine’s (Hants) lights respectively. THE WHITETHROAT (Sylvia cinerea). The emigration of this species was not easy to trace. It was recorded at the Eddystone light (Cornwall) on August the 27th. On September the 3rd a migration was noted in Lincoln, and in the Isle of Man it was seen for the last time. The last were noted in Lincoln on the 14th and in Lancashire on the 16th. On the 19th many were recorded at St. Catherine’s light (Hants), and a few on the 22nd at Hanois light (Channel Islands). A few stragglers were noted on September the 27th and on October the 10th at St. Catherine’s light. THE GOLDCREST (Regulus cristatus). The first immieratory birds were noted on September the 19th on the Lincoln coast. On the 22nd a few were recorded at the Essex lights going N.W. Birds were seen at the Norfolk light on the 26th, and on the same day the first immigrants were recorded in Suffolk and on September the 30th others were seen at the Suffulk lights. On October the 15th a large increase was noted in Suffolk. On November the 3rd, 10th, and 12th it was recorded at the Suffolk and Norfolk lights. THE CHIFFCHAFF (Phylloscopus rufus). From the few counties from which observations were received it appears that this species gradually diminished in numbers throughout Septem- ber. The last birds were noted on August the 26th in Shropshire, on September the 14th in Derby, 17th in Denbigh, 18th in Devon, 20th in Cornwall, 28th in Hampshire and Wilts, 30th in Cambridge and Dorset, October the Ist in Berks, 3rd in Wilts, and 11th in Sussex. A few were noted at the Hanois light (Channel Islands) on September the 18th and at St. Catberine’s (Isle of Wight) on September the 27th, and stragglers on October the 10th and 25rd. ee ? TOE THE WILLOW-WARBLER (Phylloscopus trochilus). On July the 31st an increase was noted in Devonshire, but these birds passed on during the first few days of August. Another increase was noted in Devon on August the 20th and in Berkshire on August the 27th: these also passed rapidly on. On August the 22nd sume were noted at Eddystone light (Cornwall). During the first ten days of September many were noted on migra- tion in Lincoln, Sussex and Lancashire. On September the 18th it was noted at St. Catherine’s light (Isle of Wight), on the 19th on migration :n Cornwall and on the 21st in Devon, while an increase in that county was recorded on the 26th. By the end of the month most of the birds had gone. THE MEADOW-PIPIT (Anthus pratensis). The first immigrants were recorded from the Lincoln coast on September the 19th, on September the 24th it was recorded from Sussex . lights, and on October the 11th from Eddystone light (Cornwall). A few were noted as immigrants at the Essex lights on October the 12th, and the first arrivals were seen in Devon on October the 22nd. On November the lst and 2nd many were recorded at the Norfolk and Suffolk lights, and a few were observed on the 8th and 9th going west. They were recorded at Eddystone on the 7th, 13th, and 25th of November, and at Bishop Rock light (Scilly Islands) on the 10th. Like the Thrushes, this species migrated before the cold wave at the end of December. THE SWALLOW (LMirundo rustica). THE HOUSE-MARTIN (Chelidon urbica). From the scattered records it can only be said that during August the migratory movement started throughout the country, increasing towards the end of the month. During September migratory movements were noted nearly every day in one or another county. There does not seem to have been any particularly large migration on any given day, and no migratory waves can be traced. During October the amount of migratory Swallows decreased con- siderably, and a few scattered birds were noted in November. No records of the House-Martin were received in October, 192 THE HOUSE-SPARROW (Passer domesticus). THE TREE-SPARROW (Passer mentanus). There is some evidence to show that both these species arrived on the east coast in the latter half of October; and the Tree-Sparrow was taken at the Haisboro’ light (Norfolk) on October the 11th. THE BRAMBLING (Fringilla montifringilla). A few stragglers were noted from the Suffolk and Hssex coasts at the end of September. During the first fortnight in October there were rather more numerous records from the east coast (Yorkshire, Norfolk and Essex), the migration reaching its height on November the 11th. On the 13th the species was noted in Cheshire, and on the 19th it was recorded at St. Catherine’s light (Isle of Wight), presumably as an emigrant. During the last fortnight in October and the first week in November it was frequently noted as an immigrant at the Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex lights and on the Lincolnshire coast, and it was recorded from Eddystone light (Cornwall) on November the 11th. With the Thrushes and Sky-Lark it was noted as migrating before the cold weather at the end of December. THE CHAFFINCH (Fringilla celebs). From October the 5th to the 19th and from October the 29th to November the 3rd this species was noted frequently as an immigrant on the east coast (Lincoln, Norfolk and Issex), It was recorded, presumably as an emigrant, on November the 15th and 25th at Bishop Bock light (Scilly Islands). This species was noted migrating before the cold weather at the end of December. THE SKY-LARK (Alauda arvensis). During the last ten days of September this species began to arrive on our eastern seaboard. During October there was a continuous stream of immigrants on the east coast, birds being noted practically every day at the eastern lights. A particularly extensive immigration took place from the 9th to the 12th of October, and on the 10th many were noted at the Eddystone 193 (Cornwall) and St, Catherine’s (Isle of Wight) lights, presumably emigrants, while during the latter part of the month there were more numerous records of emigrants at these and at Hanois light (Channel Islands), though the steady stream of imraigrants to the east coast was maintained. On November the lst many were still coming in from the east, but after that date the numbers diminished, and after the 10th nearly all the records were those of emigrants at the Channel lights. Like many other species, Sky-Larks were observed migrating west- wards before the cold weather in December. THE STARLING (Sturnus vulgaris). Nearly every day during October this species was noted migrating in flocks along the east coast (Lincoln to Kent). Especially extensive immigrations were noted at the east coast lights on the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th, together with Sky-Larks, Thrushes, &c., this species being noted at no less than seven east coast lights on the 11th, the breadth of the wave extending from Lincoln to Kent. During the first half of October only two records were received from the south coast lights, a few emigrants at St. Catherine’s (Isle of Wight) on the 10th and Eddystone (Cornwall) on the 11th; but during the latter half of October, while the emigrant records from the south coast lights increased in frequency (Scilly, Cornwall, Devon, Hants, Channel Islands), the records of immigrants on the east coast were rather less frequent. By November the 3rd the immigration at the east coast had practically ceased, but the number of records of emigrants at the south coast lights greatly increased, flocks being noted every day up till the 15th, after which date the records are only scattered ones. THE ROOK (Corvus frugilegus). THE HOODED CROW (Corvus cornix). There was some evidence to show that these species arrived almost daily on the east coast during the month of October, the numbers in- creasing as the month advanced. THE JACKDAW (Corvus monedula), This species was alsu noted as an E. to W. migrant on the east coast at the end of October, usually in company with Kooks. 194 THE SWIFT (Cypselus apus). The records show that this species had begun its return journey by the middle of July, and at the end of that month many migratory birds were reported from Shropshire and Wilts. During the first ten days of August there was a. general diminution noted in many counties, such as Berks, Somerset, Shropshire, Wilts, Derby and the Isle of Man; and birds were noted at Eddystone light ‘(Cornwall) on the 11th and 12th. During the rest of August there was a gradual diminution, and in most. places by the end of the month the last had gone, though a few | stragglers were noted early in September. THE LAPWING (Vanellus vulgaris). There was evidence to show that this species arrived on the east coast at the end of September and during the whole of October. Like many other birds, it was found migrating west in large numbers in front of the cold wave at the end of December. LIST OF: OBSERVE hoy ETC; from whom Observations have been received during the Spring of 1907. Arranged in Counties alphabetically. BERKSHIRE. Cooper, C. Cornish, The Rev. J. G. Gould, F. C. Hawkins, J. L. Joy, N. H. Loyd, Colonel A. P. Witherington, G. W. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. Durham, E. B. Huxley, N. T. Leigh, H. B. CAMBRIDGE. Bannerman, D. A. Evans, A. H. Farren, W. CHESHIRE. Coward, T, A. Cummings, J. G. Graves, F. S. Oldham, C. Yates, J. M. St. J, 196 CORNWALL. Hammond, W. Harvey, A. W. K. Hearle, Lt.-Col. P. Peter, O. B. Rickett, C. B. Rogers, R. A. Welch, H. J. Eddystone Light. CUMBERLAND. Kerr, Rev. R. H. DERBYSHIRE. Betterton, Mrs. H. Boulsover, W. Fox, W. S. Hertzel, Miss S. Jourdain, The Rey. F. C. R. Marshall, W. H. Martin, The Rey. W. K. Worthington, The Rey. H. E. DEVON. Cox, A. H. M. D’Urban, 8. M. Elliot, E. A. 8. Hardy, J. Hawker, Miss H. Rousham, A. H. Teschemaker, W. E. Worthington, The Rey. J. Start Light. DORSET. Harper, E. Lester, Miss G, Tye DORSET (con.). Peck, G. R. Portman, Commander W. Portland Bill Light. Shambles Light-y. ESSEX. Hope, G. P. Kerry, F. Meares, D. H. Nichols, W. B. Smith’s Knoll Light-v. GLAMORGAN. Evans, H. Perkins, R. Player, W. J. B. HAMPSHIRE. Beeston, H. Coles, R. E. Kelsall, The Rev. J. E. Kelso, Dr. J. E. H. Macmillan, W. E. F. Mapleton, H. W. Medlicott, W. 8. Munn, P. W. Whiting, Smith. Nab Light-v. St. Catherine’s Light (Isle of Wight). HEREFORDSHIRE. Phillpott, The Rev. F. 0. HERTFORDSHIRE. Bonhote, J. L. Headley, F. W. Leach, H. R. Reid, E. 198 KENT. Alexander, C. J. Alexander, H. G. Allehin, J. H. Austen, F. Bunyard, P. F. Byron, H. 8. D. Castellain, C. Elgar, H. Finlinson, H. W. Lapworth, A. Moses, R. Ogilvie-Grant, W. R. Sutton, F. L. Turner, Miss E. L. Dungeness Light-v. East Goodwin Light-v. Gull Light-v. Varne Light-v. LANCASHIRE. Altham, T. Hornby, H. P. Millburn, E. E. Robinson, H. W. Rogers, M. F. Smalley, F. Townsend, G. Turney, H. B. White, J. Whitley, —. LEICESTER. Frisby, G. Worthington, The Rey. H. ft. LINCOLNSHIRE. Blathwayt, The Rey. F. L. 199 LONDON. Maemillan, G. A. Maepherson, A. H. Meiklejohn, A. H. Ogilvie-Grant, W. R. Popham, H. L. Russell, H. Stone, W. G. Yerbury, Colonel J. W. MAN, ISLE OF. Crellin, J. C. Leach, J. Ralfe, P. G. Douglas Head Light. NORFOLK. Burton, W. D. Dack, ©. B. Knights, J. E. Napier, A. 8. Cockle Light. Cromer Light. Haisboro’ Light. Inner Dowsing Light. Leman & Ower Light. Would Light-v. NORTHUMBERLAND. Roddam, Miss H. M. Walton, J. S. NORTH WALES. Haigh, G. H. Caton. Haines, G, Kane, Lt.-Col. F. Oliver, A. Payne-Gallwey, Miss B. Ruddy, J. Russell, Dr. W. B. Salter, Dr. J. H. 200 NOTTINGHAM. Pearson, C. E. Smith, C. V. OXFORD. Fowler, The Rev. W. W. O’Hea, The Rey. L. RADNOR. Owen, O. R. SCILLY ISLANDS. Bishop Rock Light. SHROPSHIRE. Forrest, H. E. Hodges, R. H. W. Lang, J. G. Meredith, G. F. P. Wayne, R. SOMERSET. Ashby, H. Brookes, Miss E. M. Chichester, The Rey. R. Knight, F. A. Meyrick, Col. H. STAFFORDSHIRE. Bailey, A. B. Bladen, W. Wells. Bryan, B. Coussmaker, Rev. J. O. Keary, Miss A. A. Masefield, J. R. B. Tomlinson, E. H. 201 SUFFOLK. Cobbold, A. TL. Miller, H. L. Parker, D. Outer Gabbard Light-v. SURREY. Bahr, P. H. Boorman, 5. Bradshaw, G. W. Collins, H. T. O. Crosfield, J. B. Dalgleish, G. Holland, C. W. Nettleship, EK. Thorburn, A. SUSSEX, Arnold, KE. C. Field, W. Gorringe, W. Ticehurst, C. B. Ticehurst, N. F. Royal Sovereign Light-v. WESTMORELAND. Mason, Miss. WILTSHIRE. Harrison, he Rev. D. P. Knubley, The Rey. E. P. Money-Kyrle, Miss M. Penrose, Dr. F. G. Temple, G. N. Townsend, R. G. WORCESTERSHIRE. Elliott, J. 8. Howard, H. E. 202 YORKSHIRE. Arundel, Major W. B. Booth, H. b. Calvert, 1. H. Fortune, R. N. Nelson, IT. H. Rhodes, G. P. Roberts, I’. N. Smith, 8. H. Taylor, C. EK. Watson, J. Spurn Head Light. CHANNEL ISLANDS. Hanois Light. Printed by Taytor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. Price. Vol. -T. ((ession 1892-98). W898" "20 ee 6/- | II. On Some of the Main Features in the Evolution of . the Bird’s Wing. By Epwarp Drcen. 1894 2/6 IIT...(Session'\1893-94),- "1894 2. 25 eee ie 6/- IV. (Session: 1894-95). 1.805%. 4. 2s. cee oe eee 6/- V.. (Session’ 1895-96).<: 1896" peat ares eee 6/- Vij. Session: 1896-97). - 1897 |- vain... dso ieee 6/- VII... (Session 1897-98). 1898 eh... eee 6/=_. VIII. (Session 1898-99), 1899 9 <3:% cone ee 6/- 1X. Avium Generum Index Alphabeticus. 1899 ...... 2/6 xX. (Session 1899-1900)" 1900) «70th koe eee 6/- AI. (Session 1900-01)... L90k? soos eee oni ee 6/- XT Tgeession 1901-02). 1902: 0: ce es ole 6/- RATI. «(Session 1902-03). 1903 «. 02. a eee 6/- ~ KL. (Session 1903-04). 1904 —.. 0.7.5 eee 6/- XY. (Session 1904=-05);1905:. 1. ee ee eee 6/- XVI. (Session. 1905-06), 1906 «ud ta te ae 6/- - XVII. Report on the Immigrations of Summer Residents i in the Spring of 1905. 1906 | Aes 6/-s XVIIT. Index to Bulletin, Vols. I—XV. (1892-1905). '1906. 10/-_ : ATX, (Session 1906-07), 61907) i032 e a ee 6/= . Report on the Immigrations of Summer Residents in . (Session 1907-08). the Spring of 1906. 1907 1908 66 9 cei a: 9 One Le! 6 SES ene jercp ae BULLETIN OF THE f BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB, EDITED BY W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT. VOLUME XxXIll. SESSION 1908-1909. LOR DON : WITHERBY & CO., 326 HIGH HOLBORN. AUGUST 1909. Meeee pygonian Insiié, BES. ( SkP 2Q liu! an. om Ch | Og PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PREFACE. ——_§—_——— Durine the 17th Session, 1908-1909, the total number of attendances at the Meetings of the British Ornithologists’ Club was 381; this included 315 Members and 66 Visitors, showing an average of 42 per Meeting, and aslight increase as compared with the previous Session. Among the more important communications to be found in the present volume are descriptions of the new species procured by Herr Rudolf Grauer among the high forests in the vicinity of Lakes Edward and Tanganyika. These were described by Mr. Walter Rothschild, Dr. E. Hartert, and Prof. Neumann (see pages 6-13, 42, and 102). There are likewise descriptions of a number of new species from the vicinity of Lake Chad, which have from time to time been communicated by Mr. Boyd Alexander (see pages 15, 16, and 33), and of a number of new forms found among the large collections made by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in Angola and Benguella (see pages 44—47). The annual Lantern-slide night, which was held at the April Meeting, proved highly interesting ; the photographs of Terns by Mr. W. Bickerton, as well as those shown by Mr. Bentley Beetham, being especially admired, likewise the animated pictures of birds exhibited by Mr. Oliver G. Pike. On pages 88-93 will be found an interesting account of the efforts which have been made to preserve the Kites ( Milvus ictinus) which still exist in Wales. (Signed) W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT, Editor. August 16th, 1909. a2 RULES OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB, (As amended, 16th October, 1907.) —__{—__ I. This Club was founded for the purpose of facilitating the social intercourse of Members of the British Ornithologists’ Union. Any Member of that Union can become a Member of this Club on payment (to the Treasurer) of an entrance fee of One Pound and a subscription of Five Shillings for the current Session. Resignation of the Union involves resignation of the Club. II. Members who have not paid their subscriptions before the last Meeting of the Session, shall cease, ipso facto, to be Members of the Club, but may be reinstated on payment of arrears, and a new entrance fee. III. Members of the British Ornithologists’ Union may be introduced as Visitors at the Meetings of the Club, but every Member of the Club who introduces a Member of the B. O. U. as a Visitor (to the dinner or to the Meeting afterwards) shall pay One Shilling to the Treasurer, on each occasion. IV. No gentleman shall be allowed to attend the Meetings of the Club as a guest on more than three occasions during any single Session. VI V. The Club shall meet, as a rule, on the Third Wednesday in every Month, from October to June inclusive, at such hour and place as may be arranged by the Committee. At these Meetings papers upon ornithological subjects shall be read, specimens exhibited, and discussion invited. VI. An Abstract of the Proceedings of the B. O.C. shall be printed as soon as possible after each Meeting, under the title of the ‘Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, and distributed gratis to every Member who has paid his subscription. Copies of this Bulletin shall be published and sold at One Shilling each. VII. The affairs of this Club shall be managed by a Committee, to consist of the Hditors of ‘The Ibis,’ the Editor of the ‘Bulletin,’ and the Secretary and Treasurer, ex officio; with three other Members, one of whom shall be changed every year. The Committee shall have power to make and alter Bye-laws. COMMITTEE 1908-1909. P. L. Scrater, F.R.S., Editor of ‘The Ibis,’ Chairman. W. R. Oeitvis-Grant, Editor of the ‘ Bulletin,’ H. F. Wirnersy, Secretary and Treasurer. A. H. Evans, Editor of ‘ The Ibis.’ i. G. B. Meape-Watpo, Vice-Chairman. Hon. L. W. Roruscuiip, Vice-Chairman. D. Sers-Smitu, LIST OF MEMBERS. JUNE 1909. Atpxanper, Born; Wilsley, Cranbrook, Kent. Aptin, Otiver Vernon; Bloxham, Banbury, Oxon. ArunpbeEL, Major W. B.; High Ackworth, Pontefract. Banr, P. H.; Perrysfield House, Oxted, Surrey. Baxer, E. C. Sruarr; care of Messrs. H.8. King & Co., 65 Cornhill, E.C. Baxer, Dr. J. C.; Ceely House, Aylesbury. Barctay, Huenx Gorney; Colney Hall, Norwich. Barrerr-Hamitton, Captain Grratp E. H.; Kilmanock House, Arthurstown, Waterford. Barrineton, Ricnarp Manuirre; Fassaroe, Bray, Co. Wicklow. Bickerton, W.; The Hawthorns, Marlboro’ Road, Watford. Browett, E.; 1 Trig Lane, Upper Thames Street, London, E.C. Braavw, F. E., C.M.Z.S. ; Gooilust, s’Graveland, Noord-Holland. Bonnore, Joun Lewis; Gadespring Lodge, Hemel Hempstead, Herts. Boorman, 8.; Heath Farm, Send, Woking, Surrey. Booru, H. B.; ‘“ Ryhill,” Ben Rhydding. Borrer, C. D.; 6 Durham Place, Chelsea, S.W. Bravrorp, Dr. J. Rosz, F.R.S.; 8 Manchester Square, W. Brieas, T. H.; Rock House, Lynmouth, R.S.O., Devon. Brisrowe, B. A.; The Cottage, Stoke D’Abernon, Cobham, Surrey. Brocknotes, W. Firzuersert; Claughton-on-Brock, Garstang, Lancashire. Bucxiny, C. M.; 14 Hans Crescent, S.W. Bunyarp, P. F.; 57 Kidderminster Road, Croydon. Burrerrierp, W.C. J. Rusxix; 4 Stanhope Place, St. Leonards-on-Sea, Burrress, B, A. E.; Craft Hill, Dry Drayton, Cambridge. CampseLL, C. W.; British Legation, Peking. Cuarman, ABEL; Houxty, Wark-on-Tyne. VIII Criarke, Capt. Gotanp van Horr, D.S.0.; Brook House, Hayward’s Heath, Sussex. Crarxe, Lieut.-Col. SrepHenson Roserr; Borde Hill, Cuckfield, Sussex. CrarKe, Wrrr1am Eacie; Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Corus, Ricuarp Epwarp; Ashley Arnewood, Lymington, Hants. Cottier, Cuartes ; Cliveden House, 21 Eaton Terrace, S.W. Crossman, Atan F.; care of F. Sharman, 47 Goldington Road, Bedford. Crowtey, J. C.; 5 Beech House Road, Croydon. Crowtzy, Reetnarp A.; Foord’s Farm, Vines Cross, Heathfield, Sussex. Curtis, Freperick, F.R.C.8.; Alton House, Redhill, Surrey. DatetztsH, Joun J.; Brankston Grange, Bogside Station, Alloa, N.B. Davis, K. J. A.; Julian Hill, Harrow. Davinson, J.; 32 Drumsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh. Dz Winton, W. E.; Orielton, Pembroke. Dossiz, Jamus B.; 12 South Inverleith Avenue, Edinburgh. Dose, Witt1am Henry, M.R.C.S.; 2 Hunter Street, Chester. Dresser, Henry Exrzs; 110 Cannon Street, E.C. Drewitt, Dr. F. D.; 14 Palace Gardens Terrace, Kensington, W. Dorie, Lt.-Colonel W. H. M.; 70 Kensington Park Road, W. Durron, Rev. & Hon. Canon; Bibury, Fairford. Earnie, Epwarp V.; Franks, Farningham, Kent. Huuror, Epwunp A. S., M.R.C.S. ; Woodville, Kingsbridge, 8S. Devon. Etuison, Rev. Attan; Ardoyne House, Watton, Herts. Extwes, Henry Joun, F.R.S.; Colesborne Park, Cheltenham. Evans, Arraur Humprz, M.A.; 9 Harvey Road, Cambridge. Ewen, Guy L’Esrraner ; 1 Claremont Road, Windsor. Hintryson, Horace W.; Gore Court, Sittingbourne, Kent. Finn, Frank; 35 St. George’s Road, Regent’s Park, N.W.. Frower, Capt. 8. 8.; Ghizeh Zoological Gardens, Cairo, Egypt. Forsus, Henry Oce, LL.D.; Director of Public Museums, Liverpool. Foster, Nevin H.; Hillsborough, Co. Down, Ireland. Fowirr, W. Waroz, M.A.; Lincoln College, Oxford. Fronawk, F. W.; Ashmount, Rayleigh, Essex, GainsBoroucH, The Karl of; Exton Park, Oakham. Garnett, CHartus; 9 Cleveland Gardens, Hyde Park, W. Grrrard, Joun; Worsley, Manchester. Gisson, Ernust; 25 Cadogan Place, S.W. Gittert, Frev.; 28 Beaufort Gardens, S.W. Ix Gittman, A. R.; 5 Fellows Road, Hampstead, N.W. Girroy, Norman; 95 Claremont Road, Forest Gate, Essex. Govan, Frepprick DuCann, D.C.L., F.R.S. (President B.O.U.) ; 45 Pont Street, S.W. Goopatt, J. M.; 52 Oxford Gardens, North Kensington, W. GoopeurLp, H.; 66 Gloucester Road, Regent’s Park, N.W. GoopFELLow, Watrer ; Montrose, New Park Road, West Southborne, Hants. Gourp, F. H. Carrurners; Matham Manor House, East Molesey. Grirrita, Arruur F.; 59 Montpelier Road, Brighton. Gointuer, Dr. Atsert C. L. G., F.R.S.; 2 Lichfield Road, Kew Gardens, S.W. Gurney, G. H.; Keswick Hall, Norwich. Guryey, Joun Henry; Keswick Hall, Norwich. Haten, Grorce Henry Caron; Grainsby Hall, Great Grimsby, Lincolnshire. Hatz, Rev. James R.; Boxley Vicarage, Maidstone, Kent. Haxineron, Major H. H.; care of Messrs. T. Cook & Sons, Ludgate Circus, and Rangoon. Harrert, Ernst, Ph.D.; The Museum, Tring, Herts. Harvir-Brown, Joun A.; Dunipace House, Larbert, Stirlingshire, N.B. Hoepeus, G. Mircnntt; 42 Kensington Park Gardens, W. Hawsetr, R. M.; Bath Club, Dover Street, -W. Heaptey, F. W.; Haileybury College, Hertfordshire, Hetimarr, C. E.; Zoologische Sammlung des Staats, Alte Akademie, Munchen, Germany. Hert, G. S.; 45 Queen Anne Street, Cavendish Square, W. Horsrieip, Herperr Kyicur; Crescent Hill, Filey, Yorkshire. Howarp, Rosurr James; Shearbank, Blackburn, Lancashire, Ineram, Cortinewoon; The Bungalow, Westgate-on-Sea. Jackson, F. J., C.B., C.M.G.; The Red House, Aldeburgh, Suffolk. Jones, Major H.; East Wickham House, Welling, Kent. Jourpain, Rev. F. C. R.; Clifton Vicarage, Ashburn, Derbyshire. Joy, Norman H.; Bradfield, near Reading. Ketso, J. E. H., M.D.; 12 Festing Road, Southsea, Hants. Kiyngar, Norman B.; Bombay Natural History Society. La Tovcuer, J. D.; The Imperial Maritime Customs, Shanghai, China. Larptaw, THomas GeppEs ; Bank of Scotland Branch, Perth, N.B. Laneton, Hersertr; 11 Marlborough Place, Brighton, Lascettus, Hon, Geratp; King’s House, Lyndhurst, Hants. x Learoyp, A. E.; Brandsby Hall, Easingwold, Yorks. Lz Sovir, D.; Zoological Society, Melbourne, Australia: Lopez, G. E.; 5 Thurloe Studios, Thurloe Square, 8. Kensington, S.W. Lowes, Dr. P. R.; care of Sir Frederic Johnstone, Bart., The Hatch, Windsor. Loyp, Lt.-Colonel Arruur Purvis ; Hurst Lodge, Sunningdale. Lucas, The Lord; 7 Cleveland Row, S.W. Lynzs, Commander Huserr; 23 Onslow Gardens, 8.W. McConnett, F. V.; Camfield, Hatfield. Macmuruian, G. A.; 27 Queen’s Gate Gardens, S.W. Macminuan, W. E. F.; 27 Queen’s Gate Gardens, 8.W. Macpuerrson, ArtuuR Hotre; 54 Cleveland Square, Hyde Park, W. Magerata, Major H. A. F.; care of Messrs. King & Co., 9 Pall Mall, S.W. MarswHatt, A. McLean; Crogen, Corwen, N. Wales. MarsHatz, James McLuan; Bleaton Hallet, Blairgowrie, N.B.. Mason, Colonel E. S.; 20 Minster Yard, Lincoln. Matuews, G. M.; Langley Mount, Watford. Maxwett, Rt. Hon. Sir Herpert EK., Bart., P.C., F.R.S.; Monreith Whauphill, Wigtownshire. Muapre-Watpo, Epmonp Gustavus Brioomrrerp (Vice-Chairman) ; Stonewall Park, Edenbridge, Kent. Mittuais, Joan Guittz; Comptons Brow, Horsham. Mitts, Rev. H. Hotroyp; The Rectory, St. Stephen-in-Brannell, Grampound Road, Cornwall. Monro, H. C., C.B.; Queen Anne’s Mansions, S.W. Montacu, Hon. E. 8., M.P.; 12 Kensington Palace Gardens, W. Munn, P. W.; The Green, Laverstoke, Whitchurch, Hants, © Mont, Henry; 83 Kensington Gardens Square, W. Mosrers, J. P. C.; Annesley Park, Nottingham. Nesuam, Rosert; Utrecht House, Queen’s Road, Clapham Park, S.W. Nauuson, T. H.; Seafield, Redcar, Yorks. Neumann, Oscar; Nollendorfplatz 2, Berlin, W. . Newman, T. H.; Newlands, Harrowdene Road, Wembley, Middlesex. Nicuots, J. B.; Parliament Mansions, Victoria Street, S.W. Nicuotson, F,; The Knoll, Windermere. Nicott, Micuazt J.; Ghizeh Zoological Gardens, Cairo, Egypt. Nosrz, Huattey; Temple Combe, Henley-on-Thames. XI Oertvin, Fercvs Menterra; The Shrubbery, 72 Woodstock Road, Oxford. : Oattyie-Grant, W. R. (Editor) ; 29 Elvaston Place, 8.W. Oxtpuam, Cuas.; Essex House, Wellington Road, Watford. Parxrn, Tuomas; Fairseat, High Wickham, Hastings. Prarsg, THeep; Mentmore, Ampthill Road, Bedford. Prarson, Cuartes Epwarp; Hillcrest, Lowdham, Nottingham. Prarson, Henry J.; Bramcote, Beeston, Notts. Pryrosr, Francis G., M.D.; Wick House, Downton, Salisbury. Puiiirs, E. Lorr; 79 Cadogan Square, 8.W. Pieort, Sir Taomas Diesy, C.B.; The Lodge, Lower Sheringham. Prayer, W. J. P.; The Quarr, Clydach, R.S.0., Glamorganshire. Poruam, Hueu Lrysorne; Hunstrete House, Pensford, nr. Bristol. Pricn, A. E.; 61 Great Cumberland Place, W. Procror, Major F. W.; Downfield, Maidenhead. Pycrart, W. P.; Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, 8.W. Ramsay, Colonel R. G. Warptaw; Whitehill, Rosewell, Mid- Lothian, N.B. Rarcuirr, F. R.; 24 Lancaster Gate, Hyde Park, W. Rawson, Hersert Evetyy; Comyn Hill, Ilfracombe. Reap, Rosert H.; Camelot, South Parade, Bedford Park, W. Rei, Capt. Savite G. (late R.E.); The Elms, Yalding, Maidstone. Renavt, W. E.; 5 Elers Road, Ealing, W. Ricumonp, H. W.; King’s College, Cambridge. Rickert, C. B.; 13 St. Paul’s Road, Clifton, Bristol. Rippon, Colonel G. ; 89th Punjabis, Mandalay, Upper Burma. Riviere, B. B., F.R.C.S.; St. Giles’ Plain, Norwich. Roruscaitp, Hon. L. Watrer, D.Sc., M.P. (Vice-Chairman); The Museum, Tring, Herts. Roruscuitp, Hon. N. Cuartes; Arundel House, Kensington Palace Gardens, W. RussEtt, Conran; 2 Audley Square, W. Sr. Quintin, W. H.; Scampston Hall, Rillington, Yorkshire. Sapsworto, Arno~D Dvuxnr; Royal Societies Club, St. James’s Street, S.W. Sareraunt, Artur Str. Grorce ; 83 Madeley Road, Ealing, W. Sarcent, James; 76 Jermyn Street, St. James’s, S.W. Saunpers, W. H. Rapvcrirre ; 79 Warwick Road, S.W. Scurrren, Henry; 9 Cavendish Road, Harringay, N. Scuwann, Grorrrey; 4 Prince’s Gardens, 8.W. XII Scuwann, Harorp; 11 Abingdon Gardens, Kensington, W. Sctater, Pui Luriry, D.Se., F.R.S. (Chairman) ; Odiham Priory Winchfield, Hants ; and Athenzum Club, London, S.W. Scrater, Wittiam Lurizy; Box 1207, Colorado Springs, Colorado, [DS a Serous, Frepsrick Courrenry ; Heatherside, Worplesdon, Surrey. Sera-Surra, Davin; 34 Elsworth Road, South Hampstead, N.W. SuarMan, Frepertc; 47 Goldington Road, Bedford. Suarpn, R. Bowpier, LL.D.; Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, 8. W. Suettey, Captain G. Ernust ; 39 Egerton Gardens, S8.W. Sparrow, Major R.; Rookwoods, Sible Hedingham, Essex. Srarzs, J. W. C.; Porchester, Hants. Srenuouss, J. H., M.B., R.N.; Royal Hospital School, Greenwich, S.E. Sruppy, Colonel Roperr Wricut ; Waddeton Court, Brixham, Devon. Sryan, F. W.; Ben Craig, Bayham Road, Sevenoaks. Swinnog, Colonel C.; 9 Gunterstone Road, W. Kensington, W. Swynnerton, C. F. Maszy; 12 Aynhoe Mansions, 8.W. Tennant, Sir Epwarp P., Bart.; 34 Queen Anne’s Gate, S.W. Tsrry, Major Horace A.; The Lodge, Upper Halliford, Shepperton. THorsuRN, ArcHIBALD ; High Leybourne, Hascombe, Godalming, TrceHurst, Craup B., M.B.; Huntbourne, St. Michael’s, Ashford, Kent. } Ticrnurst, N. F., F.R.C.S. ; 35 Pevensey Road, St. Leonards-on-Sea. Townsend, R. G.; Buckholt, Dean, Salisbury. Trevor-Batrre, AuByn B. R.; Firdene, Weybridge. Urcusr, Hunry Morris; Sheringham Hall, Sheringham, R.8.0. Ussuer, R. J.; Cappagh House, Cappagh, 8.0., Co. Waterford. Vauenan, Lt.-Comm. Roszrt E.; H.M. Coastguard, Tenby. Watus, H. M.; Ashton Lodge, Christchurch Road, Reading. Watton, Major H., I.M.S.; care of Messrs. H. 8. King & Co., 65 Cornhill, E.C. Warxins, Watkin; 33 Evelyn Gardens, §.W. Wurrtarer, Josrpu I. §.; Malfitano, Palermo, Sicily. Waite, 8. J.; Oakwood, Crayford, Kent. Wuirnnxad, C. H.8.; c/o Cook & Son, Esplanade Road, Bombay. Wuymerr, Cuarzes; 11 Orange Street, Haymarket, S.W. Witxrnson, Jounson ; St. George’s Square, Huddersfield, Yorkshire. Wutiams, Lionet A.; Junior United Service Club, S.W. XIII Wutson, Cuartes Josepx; 34 York Terrace, N.W. Wiutson, Dr. E. A.; Westal, Cheltenham. Wuson, Scorr B.; Heather Bank, Weybridge Heath, Surrey. Wirnersy, Harry F. (Secretary and Treasurer) ; 11 Hereford Man- sions, Hereford Road, W. Wiruerineton, G.; Aberlash, Sonning, Reading. ‘Worzaston, A. F. R.; 31 Argyll Mansions, King’s Road, Chelsea, S.W. Workman, Wittiam Hvuaues; Lismore, Windsor, Belfast. Yersury, Colonel J. W.; Army and Navy Club, 8.W. (Members are requested to keep the Secretary informed of any changes in their addresses. | LIST OF AUTHORS AND OTHER PERSONS REFERRED TO. ALEXANDER, Boyp. Exhibition and description of new species of African birds :—Neocossyphus granti, Barbatula poensis, Hypo- chera nigeria, Sylvia olivie, Sylviella olivie, 15-16. ——. Exhibition of rare species obtained by him on his expedition across Africa :—Amydrus rueppelli, Salpornis emint, Ptyrticus turdinus, Pyrrhurus orientalis, Thamnolea coronata, Trachy phonus margaritatus, Turtur shelleyi, Turtur roseo-griseus, 16. —. Thamnolea claudi, Alex., is the female of 7. coronata, Reichenow, 16. ——. Description of two new species, Calamocichla neglecta and Hypo- chera neumanni, from Lake Chad, 33. ——. Description of a new species of Red-winged Starling (Amydrus neumannt) from Northern Nigeria, 42. —-—. Description of a new species of Grey Parrot (Psittacus princeps) from Princes Island, W. Africa, 74. Baur, P. H. Exhibition of lantern-slides, 74-76. BarrinetTon, R. M. Exhibition of a specimen of the Little Bunting (Emberiza pusilla) which had been picked up at the Rockabill Lighthouse, 18. BEETHAM, BentLEY. Exhibition of lantern-slides, 79-82. Bickerton, W. Exhibition of lantern-slides, 77-79. BineHAM, Colonel C. T. On the death of, 27-28. Buavuw, F. E. Discussion on the subject of Hybrid Ducks, 104. Bonuorte, J. L. Exhibition of a female specimen of the Northern Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita abietina, Nilss.), obtained at St. Catherine’s Lighthouse, 21. —. Exhibition of the skin of a female Sheld-duck in eclipse- plumage, 21-25. —. Remarks on the moult of a female Wigeon (Mareca penelope), 23. ——. Exhibition of a hybrid Drake, 96. ——. See Nicoit and Bonuore. BorreER, C. Exhibition of two examples of the Northern Willow- Wren (Phylloscopus trochilus eversmanni) from Norfolk, 58. BunyarpD, P. F, Exhibition of some pods of garden-peas showing the attacks from Hawfinches (Coccothraustes coccothraustes), 24. XVI Bunyarp, P. F. Exhibition of a clutch of eggs of the Skylark (Alauda arvensis, Linn.) resembling in size and appearance those of Galerida cristata, 49. ——. Exhibition of a large series of eggs of the Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio) and a series of eggs of the Nightingale (Dauhas luseynia, Linn.) and of the Garden-Warbler (Sylvia hortensis, Bechst.), 53. ——. Exhibition of a mottled semialbino example of Ligurinus chloris, 60. —. Exhibition of a nest of Accentor modularis built in a plant, 94. ——. Exhibition of eggs of Phylloscopus borealis and Pratincola rubicola, 95. CarroLu, C. J. Exhibition of mounted examples of “ colour-varieties ” of Agiahtis vocifera, Totanus solitarius, Bartramia longicauda, &c., 25. Curisty, Dr. C. Exhibition of an example of Pitta reichenowi?, Madarasz, from the Chagwe Forest, Uganda, 49. ——. Exhibition of a specimen of Eurystomus gularis, Vieill., from Uganda, 49. Dresser, H. E. Exhibition of some rare eggs, viz. Lampronetta (Arcto- netta) fischeri, Brandt, and Phylloscopus viridanus, 39. ——. Exhibition of two examples of a rare Wader ( Pseudoscolopax taczanowskiu, Verr.) from Western Siberia, 60-61. Finn, F. Discussion on the subject of Hybrid Ducks, 104. . GooDFELLOw, WALTER. An account of his recent expedition to British New Guinea to procure living examples of Birds-of-Paradise, 35-39. ; ——. Suggestions for the protection of Birds-of-Paradise in British New Guinea, 39. Harrert, Dr. E. Exhibition and description of new forms of birds from Africa, India, and South America :—Diaphorophyia grauert, Graueria, gen u., for G. vittata, Cossypha roberti rufescentior, Laniarius grauert, Laniarius rubiginosus rudolfi, Trochalopteron pheniceum bakeri, and Knipolegus aterrimus ockendeni, 7-11. ——. Exhibition and description of a specimen of a new Swift (Apus andecolus dinellit) from the Argentine Republic, 48. ——. . Description of a new subspecies of Blue Rock-Thrush (Monticola cyanus transcaspicus) from Transcaspia, 43. —. British Song-Thrush distinguished as Turdus philomelos clarket, 51, 7 — af =. XVIE Hetrmayn, C. E. Descriptions of three new species and subspecies of S. American birds:—Formicivora melanogastra bahia, Dendro- colaptes hoffmannst, Picumnus olivaceus harterti, 65-67. Inaram, C. Exhibition and description of a new species of Hemipode (Turniv horsbrughi) from Yule Island, British New Guinea, 65. ——. Description of a new subspecies of Hill- Wren (Pnoépyga Sormosana) from Central Foraosa, 97. JourpDAIN, Rev. F.C. R. Exhibition of several clutches of rare eggs from Corsica, including those of Sitta whitehevdi, Sharpe, Sylvia sarda, La Marm., and Certhia familiaris corsa, 16-17. —. Exhibition of a clutch of four eggs of Zhopophilus albosuper- ciliaris, Hume & Henderson, 33. Loven, R. B. Exhibition of lantern-slides, 83. Lows, Dr. P. Kk. Description of a new subspecies of Quail (Ortyxr graysont panucensis) trom Tampico, Mexico, 18. Matuerws, G. M. Exhibition of a new species of Waxbill, Zgintha minor, 24-25, Mrapr-Watpo, E.G. B, Discussion on the subject of Hybrid Ducks, 104. Mitxats, J. G. Exhibition of two immature examples, male and female, of the hybrid between Lagopus scoticus and Lyrurus tetrix, 51. Monracu, Hon. E. 8. Exhibition of an adult male example of Sabine’s Gull (Xema sabiniz) from Norfolk, 103. ——. Exhibition of-a male example of Paget's Pochard (Fuligula ferina x F. nyroca) from Norfolk, 104. —. On the ravages caused by the introduction of the Little Owl into Cambridgeshire, 104. —. On the introduction of the Willow-Grouse, 104. Neumann, Prof. Oscar. Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies of birds :— Abbotornis schistocercus, Coracina graueri, Ploceus insignis frater, Ploceus aurantius rex, Phyllastrephus graveri, Burnesia bairdi obscura, Guttera cristata seth-smithi, Guttera cristata suahelica, Alcedo leucogaster howdleri, 11-14. ——. Exhibition and description of new subspecies of Capitonide :— Lybius bidentatus ethiops, Lybius undatus senafensis, Barbatula chrysocoma zedlitzi, Trachyphonus darnauda usambiro, Cyanops henriew brachyrhyncha, Cyanops faiostricta saigonensis, 29-31. —. Further remarks on Guttera cristata suahelica and G, ¢. seth- smithi, 31-82. —. Description of new species and subspecies of birds :—Amadina fusciata alevandert, Lstr.dda cinderella, Diatropura progne VOL. XXIII, b XVIII ansorget, Mirafra africana harterti, Galerida cristata alexanderi, Trochocercus albonotatus swynnertont, Macrosphenus leoninus, Cisticola simplicissima, 43-47. NevMANN, Prof. Oscar. Exhibition of types of Pyromelana ansorget, Hartert, Penthetria hartiaubi, Cab., and Coliuspasser dubiosus, Neum., which were shown to be synonymous, 47. —. Exhibition of an example of Pyromelana gierowt, Cab., and a female specimen of Pytelia ansorget, Hartert, 47. —-. Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Shrike (Har- polestes australis ansorget) from North Angola, 53. Nicott, M. J. Exhibition of British-killed examples of Alseonar latirostris and Hirundo rufula, 93. ——. Exhibition of a male example of Musctcapa collaris roe at Giza, Egypt, 93. —. Exhibition of rare or little-known Egyptian birds:—Sporeginthus amandava, Saxicola halophila, Upupa epops major, Porzana parva, 99-100. ——,and J. L. Bonuorr. Exhibition and description of a new sub- species of Crested Lark (Galerida cristata meritica) and of a Sparrow (Passer domesticus niloticus) from Egypt, 101. ——, —-—. Exhibition of specimens of Locustella luscinioides and L. fusca from Egypt, 102. Ocitvrie, F. Menrerru. Exhibition of an immature male example of Clangula islandica from the River Alde, Suffolk, 63-64. Ocitviz-GRranTt, W. R. Note on Cotile diluta, 17. ——. Descriptions of two new species of Sunbird :—Cinnyris semundi and C. batesz, 19-20. — Remarks on Guttera suahelica, Neum., and G. seth-smithi, Neum., 31. —— (Onbehalf Mr. C.J.Carrott.) Exhibition of a male specimen of Bulwer’s Petrel (Bulweria bulwert) picked up near Hastings, 32. —. Description of a new species of Pucras Pheasant (Pucrasia styant) from Ichang, Central China, 32. ——. Exhibition of a specimen of the Northern Marsh-Tit (Parus borealis, Selys-Longch.) shot at Tetbury, Gloucestershire, 34. —. Remarks on the hybrid between the Red Grouse (Lagopus scoticus) and the Black Grouse (Lyrurus tetrix), 52. —. Exhibition of an immature male of the hybrid between the Red Grouse and the Black Grouse, 58. ——. Exhibition and description of a new species of Nuthatch (Sita bedford) from the Island of Quelpart, 59. ——. Remarks on an immature male example of Clangula islandica, 64. ——, Exhibition of a new species of Fruit-Pigeon (Crocopus annamensis) from Nhatrang, 67. XIX Oartvie-GrantT, W. R. Descriptions of new species of Australian birds :—Malurus bernieri, Sericornis balstoni, Geopelia short- ridget, and Acanthiza leighi, 72-74. ——. Letter of thanks to Lord Cawdor for the active part he had taken in the protection of the Kite in Wales, 93. —. Description of two new species of birds collected by the Ruwenzori Expedition, Cisticola carruthersi and Caprimulgus ruwenzori, 94. Owen, Rev. D. EpMonprs. An account of the efforts made to protect the Kite in Wales, 88-91. Parxry, T. Exhibition of an adult example of Turdus atrigularis from Newenden, Kent, 57. —. Remarks on the Heron (Ardea cinerea), now fully protected in Sussex, 58. Penrose, Dr. F. G. Exhibition of a copy of the Migration Report for 1907, 26. Pike, Otrver G. Exhibition of animated pictures of birds, &c., 85-86. Popsam, H. L. Exhibition of lantern-slides, 85. Procror, Major F. W. Exhibition of varieties of the eggs of:— Ayialitis hiaticola, Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Acrocephalus phragmitis, Daulias luscinia, Pica pica, 59-60. Pycrarr, W. P. Exhibition of a slab of marly-limestone from the Lower Pliocene of Gabbro, near Leghorn, containing traces of the vertebra and feathers of a Pipit (Anthus), 33. —. Exhibition of a fossil Raven’s skull (Paleocorax moriorum) from the Chatham Islands, 95. —. Remarks on the number and arrangement of the tail-feathers of the Dabchick (Podicipes fluviatilis), 95. Roruscnitp, Hon. L. Warrer. Exhibition of Algerian bird-skins collected by himself and Dr. Hartert, 6. ——. Exhibition and description of a new species, Lioptilus rufo- cinctus, 6. ——. Exhibition of an adult male and female and a young male of Drepanornis albertisi geisleri, A. B. Meyer, 7. ——. Exhibition and description of a new species of Crombec (Sylvietta neumannt) from Lake Tanganyika, 42. ——. Exhibition of an adult male and two young males of Parotiw berlepschi, 42-43, —. Exhibition and description of a new species of Weaver-Finch (Lagonosticta graueri) from near Lake Tanganyika and a new subspecies of Wryneck (Iyna torguilla mauretanica) from N. Algeria, 102. —. Discussion on the subject of Hybrid Ducks, 104, xX ScraTer, P. L. Chairman’s Address, 2-6. ——. Exhibition of two specimens of Agapornis liliane from Nyasa- land, 49, ——. An account of his recent visit to Jamaica, 71. ——. Exhibition of two eggs of Todus viridis and a nest and egg of the Palm-Swift (Cypselus phenicodius) from Jamaica, 71. SHARPE, Dr. R. Bowpuer. Exhibition of an example of Henderson’s Gyr-Faleon (Hierofalco milvipes, Hodgs.) from Shansi, N.W. China, 26. Tickuvurst, Dr.C.B. Exhibition of a specimen of the Northern Willow- Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus eversmanni, Bonap.) and remarks on its occurrence in Great Britain, 20-21. —. Exhibition of a female example of the Blue-headed Wagtail (Motacilla flava) from Kent, 53. Ticenurst, Dr. N, F. Exhibition of lantern-slides, 84-85. Toucue, J.D. La. Description of a new species of Sand-Martin (Cotile fohkienensis) from China, 17. Vaueuan, A. Gwynne. An account of the efforts made to protect the Kite in Wales, 91-98. Wirersy, H. F. Treasurer’s annual financial statement, 28. Exhibition of an adult female specimen of the Little Bunting _ (Enmberiza pusilla) shot at Cley, Norfolk, 28. —. Exhibition of a male example of the Red-breasted Flycatcher (Muscicapa parva) shot at Cley, Norfolk, 28. ——. Exhibition of a male example of the Blue-headed Wagtai (Motacila flava) shot at Cley, Norfolk, 28. ——. Exhibition of a new subspecies of Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula caspica) from the South Coast of the Caspian Sea, 48. ——. Exhibition of a specimen of the Levantine Shearwater (Puffinus yelkouanus) from near Scarborough, 48, ——. Exhibition of Egyptian birds collected by Commander Lynes, eI Ws me BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS” -CEUS: No. CXLV. Tue hundred and forty-fourth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 21st of October, 1908. Chairman: P. L. Sctater, F.R.S. Members present :—Boyp ALEXANDER, P. H. Baur, W. Bickerton, EK. Bipwetz, J. L. Bonnore, C. Borrer, P. F. Bunyarp, F. D. Drewitt, M.D., Rev. & Hon. Canon Durton, E. V. Earuez, A. H. Evans, 8. S. Frowsr, F. W. Fronawsk, F. Gituert, J. M. Goopatt, H. Goopcuixp, Rev. J. R. Hare, E. Harrert, Ph.D., C. Incram, Rev. F. C. R. Jovrpain, G. E. Lopez, Commander H. Lynzs, G. A. Macmitian, G. M. Maruews, Sir Hersertr KE. Maxwoa 11, Bart., E.G. B. Meapr-Watpo, H. Munz, O. Neumann, T. H. Newman, W.R. Ocitvin-Grant (Hditor), C. OtpnHam, H. J. Pearson, F. G. Penrosz, M.D., Major F. W. Procror, W. P. Py- craFtT, R. H. Reap, C. B. Rickert, Hon. Watter Rorn- scHILD, Ph.D., M.P., H. Scozurren, G. Scuwann, W. L. Scuater, D. Seru-Smirn, R. Bowpter Suarez, LL.D., C. B. Ticrnurst, M.D., N. F. Ticruurst, F.R.C.S., A. Trevor-Bartye, 8S. J. Wuits, L. A. Wi uiams, H. F. Wirnersy (Sec. and Treas.). Visitors :—C. J. Carrout, R. Cuzeseman, Capt. Dayretn Davies, R.N., Major A. G. Duepate, Capt. R. FANSHAWE, A. S. Frower, M. H. Gopsy, C. B. Horssrvuen, Jonnson, F, 1. Ricnarps, W. Sratker. {November 6th, 1908. } vo » Xa) 2 0 194 fe 0 Vol. xxii. ] 2 The CuairMAN announced that at a meeting of the Com- mittee of the Club, held that evening, the following officers had been elected for the ensuing Session of 1908-1909 :— P. L. Scuater, F.R.S., Chairman. W. R. Oeitvie-Grant, Editor. H. F. Wrruersy, Secretary and Treasurer. A. H. Evans, Joint-Editor of the ‘ Ibis.’ | D. Srers-Smiru. E. G. B. Mrapr-Watpo, Vice-Chairman. \ Members of the The Hon. Watter Rotuscuip, Ph.D., Committee. M.P. (in place of Dr. R. Bowpier SHarpe, retirimg by seniority). -CHAIRMAN’s ADDRESS ON OPENING THE SEVENTEENTH Sxrssion or THE B. O. C. Brotuer MemBers oF THE B. O. C.,— On opening the Seventeenth Session of the British Ornithologists’ Club I propose to offer you, as on former occasions, a few remarks on some of the events connected with the science of Ornithology that have taken place during the past year. In the first place, I may venture to remind you, altioua® most of you are, no doubt, well acquainted with the fact, that the fourth and concluding number of the fiftieth volume of ‘The Ibis’ has lately been issued. In celebration of this important event it has been determined to hold a second General Meeting of the British Ornithologists’ Union on the 9th of December next, to be called the “ Jubilee Meeting.” It is not necessary on the present occasion to tell you of the proposed proceedings at this meeting. It is sufficient to say that the subject has been carefully considered by the Committee, and that the necessary information upon it will shortly be forwarded to every Member of the Union. I may, however, remind those present that for obvious reasons the meeting will be held in London, and not at Cambridge, 3 [Vol. xxiii, as was at first proposed; and I may also express a hope, on behalf of the special Committee which has been appointed to make the arrangements, that every Member of the B. O. C. will attend the meeting if he can possibly do so, and join with his brethren of the B.O.U. in celebrating this im- portant epoch of our history. Having said so much, I will now pass on to more ordinary topics. One of the most interesting events as regards Ornithology which has recently taken place is, I think, the importation of a large number of living Birds-of-Paradise into this country. Until quite recently it was generally supposed that it would not be possible to keep examples of this magnificent group alive in our English climate, coming, as they mostly do, from the pure mountain-air of Papua. When Mr. Wallace arrived home from his visit to New Guinea in 1862, it was rightly considered one of his chief successes to have brought safely with him two living males of the Lesser Bird-of-Paradise (Paradisea minor). When I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Wallace at Waterloo Station on April the 1st, 1862 (now forty-six years ago), I shall never forget my anxiety until I had ascertained, by a peep through the canvas cover of the cage in which they were confined, that these two birds had actually reached London alive. A visitor to the Zoological Gardens may now see some forty or fifty individuals, representing various forms, of these wonderful birds. Many of them are in perfect plumage, and some of the adult males can be induced by the bribe of a tit-bit to exhibit their extraordinary “ display,” which I consider to be one of the most remarkable sights in nature *. In the next place, as regards British Ornithology, the most remarkable event during the past year has, I think, been Mr. Eagle Clarke’s successful investigation of Fair Isle. That such an insignificant rock should have. received visits from so many rare birds seems to be little short of * See Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant’s remarks, ‘ Ibis,’ 1905, p. 429, and Sir William Ingram, ‘ Ibis,’ 1907, p, 225, Vol. xxini.] 4 marvellous. Examples of not less than 117 species were obtained or observed by Mr. Clarke and his assistants during the spring and autumnal migrations of 1907. Of these 17 were new to the Avifauna of the Islet, and amongst these were such rarities as the Siberian Chiffchaff (Phyllo- scopus tristis), the Black-headed Bunting (Emberiza melano- cephala), the Black-throated Wheatear (Sazicolu stapazina), and the Short-toed Lark (Alauda brachydactyla), whilst others, of less importance, were the Grassbopper-Warbler (Locustella nevia), the Wood-Warbler (Phylloscopus sibi- latrix), and the Black Redstart (Ruticilla titys). It would almost seem that in Fair Isle we have found a British rival to the famous Islet of Heligoland at the mouth of the Elbe. Turning now to other branches of our Science we remark that the country that has mostly attracted the attention of Ornithologists durmg the past year seems, as usual, to be Africa, which, as we all know, is “always producing some- thing new.” Not to speak again of the great Ruwenzorian Expedition and of Mr. Alexander’s arduous journey from the Niger to the Nile, which have both yielded very successful results in Ornithology, I may remind you that three other excellent Naturalists have been lately hard at work in widely separated districts of the Ethiopian Region, and have all attained brilliant results—Mr. Bates, Mr. A. L. Butler, and Mr. Swynnerton. Mr. Bates has sent home very large series of specimens from the almost unexplored forests of Southern Cameroon, and has supplied us with abundant field-notes on their habits ; Mr. A. L. Butler varies his labours on the preserva- tion of the Game-Animals of the Egyptian Sudan with the preparation of excellent notices of the wild life of the birds of the same country ; and Mr. Swynnerton has discovered a mine of ornithological wealth in Gazaland, which was previously absolutely untouched. vithacus (or as I should call it Tarsiger) swynnertoni (see ‘Ibis, 1907, p. 61, pl. i.) is certainly one of the prettiest additions lately made to the South-African Avifauna, In Asia, Ornithologists have not been quite so active lately 5 Vol. xxiii. as in Africa. Mr. E. C. Stuart Baker has written some good papers in the ‘ Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society,’ and has just issued an excellent volume on the Indian Ducks and their allies, beautifully illustrated by coloured plates. From the mountains of the far-distant Island of Formosa some remarkable novelties have also lately arrived, and Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, assisted by Mr. J. D. La Touche, has taken the opportunity of summarising all we know of the birds of this Island*. Formosa contains a singular mixture of Palearctic forms (Gurrulus, Emberiza, Regulus, Sitta, &c.) with those of the Oriental Region. But the finest bird that has yet turned up there is the splendid new Pheasant, Calophasis mikado, originally based by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant on two tail-feathers, but now well known to us from the specimens in the British and Tring Museums, some of which have been exhibited to us by Mr. Rothschild f. I will not trouble you long on this occasion with what is going on ornithologically in the Australian and Neogean Regions. Our Australian friends have their ‘ Emu’ and our American fellow-workers their ‘ Auk’ on one side of the Continent and the ‘Condor’ on the other. But we may express our sincere hopes that Mr. Ridgway may be able to bring bis heavy task on the Birds of North and Middle America to an early conclusion, and that our friend Mr. Mathews may succeed in his somewhat ambitious plan of preparing a new illustrated work on the Ornithology of Australia. One more word, however, I must say, before closing this address. Most of you, probably, have heard of Lord Avebury’s Bill now before Parliament to prohibit the im- portation of the skins and plumage of wild birds. It was fully explained and commented on in the July ‘ Ibis’ (1908, p- 545), and has, I am informed, been generally well received. I have myself no doubt that it well merits the support of every lover of Birds, such as we all claim to be here. But * See ‘ Ibis, 1907, pp. 151, 254, & 1908, p. 600. + See Bull. B. O. C, xxi. p. 22, and ‘ Ibis,’ 1908, p. 606, pl. xiii. Vol. xxiii] 6 there is one objection to it —which is, that, if it becomes law, it must diminish the importation of bird-skins and bird- plumage into this country, and put an end to the plume- auctions in London; but France, Germany, and the Continent generally will not be touched by it. We must therefore do our best not only to get the Bill passed here, but also to urge other countries to adopt a similar measure. The Hon. Water RoruscuHitp exhibited a series of bird- skins collected by himself and Dr. H. Hartert in Algeria, during the winter and early spring of the present year, and made some remarks on them. The majority of these skins had been collected near Biskra, and in the desert within 30 or 35 miles south of Biskra. Altogether 374 skins, belonging to 91 different species, were collected. Mr. Roth- schild called special attention to the rare Sylvia nana deserti (Loche), a bird not yet represented in the British Museum. Three examples of this beautiful little Warbler were collected south of Biskra, more than 50 miles north of the spot where it had been first found by Professor Koenig. He also mentioned the rare Sylvia deserticola, Tristr., of which one specimen had been obtained, the series of Larks, the series of Merops persicus sahare, and others. The Hon. Wattrer Roruscuitp also exhibited and de- scribed a new species of the genus Lioptilus, as follows :— LiopriLUs RUFOCINCTUS, Sp. n. Adult male and female. Bill yellowish-white, brownish at the base. Lores and crown to the nape black; sides of head, throat, fore-neck, a ring round neck, and the upper and under tail-coverts cinnamon-rufous; rest of the upper surface, including the upper wing-coverts, brownish-ashy ; wings * blackish-brown; tail brownish-black; breast and abdomen greyish-brown, more or Jess washed with pale rufous ; under wing-coverts cinnamon-brown. “Iris white or yellowish-white, feet grey.” Culmen 17 to 18 mm.; wing 99 to 106; tail 77 to 78°5; tarsus 30-31. 7 [ Vol. xxi. Hab. Rugege Forest, south-east of Lake Kivu. Type in the Tring Museum: 2. No. 1692. 16. xii. 07. Rudolf Grauer coll. Obs. The sexes are alike in plumage; younger birds have a stronger cinnamon-rufous wash on the underside, and pale rufous edges to the inner quills. Mr. Grauer sent five specimens, which were all obtained in December 1907, and stated that he always found these birds frequenting high trees. This new species has no very near ally. Structurally it belongs to the genus Lioptilus, or Parophasma, if the latter is kept separate, though the rictal bristles are somewhat stronger in the latter. Mr. Roruscuitp further exhibited an adult male, female, and young male of DREPANORNIS ALBERTISI GEISLERI, A. B. Meyer, of which heretofore only the female was known. He stated that the female and young male differed from those of D. a. albertisi (Sclat.), and D. a. cervinicauda, Sclat., in having the underside more narrowly and closely barred. The young male of D. a. geisleri could be distinguished from the female by having the abdomen and flanks more faintly barred. The adult male only differed from that of D. a. albertisi in being somewhat darker above and below, and in being more olive and less rufous on the wings. The adult male and female were from the Rawlinson Mountains, and the young male from the Sattelberg, in German New Guinea. Dr. Ernst Harrert exhibited and described examples of the following new birds from Africa, India, and South America :— DIAPHOROPHYIA GRAUERI, Sp. 0. Adult male. Upper surface greyish bottle-green; quills greyish-black, edged outwardly with pale dull green; Vol. xxiii. ] 8 rectrices of a glossy steely green; above the lores a short yellow line; sides of head like the back; entire under surface rich golden yellow. ‘Bare fleshy rmg round the eyes green. Iris dark brown; bill black; feet dark grey.” Culmen 14-14°5 mm. ; wing 64°5 to 65; tail 28-30 ; tarsus 18-18°5. Adult female. Above like the male, but with the under surface reddish-chestnut, only the chin, middle of abdomen, and under tail-coverts yellow; flanks washed with olive. Wing 61-62 mm. Hab. Primeval forest, 90 km. west of Lake Albert Edward, at elevations of 1600 m. above sea-level. Type m the Trmg Museum: ¢. No. 2011. Jiius@s: Rudolf Grauer coll. Obs. This interesting new Flycatcher, which is named in honour of its discoverer, is probably the geographical repre- sentative of Diaphorophyia ansorgei, Hartert, from Benguella. Of the latter only the female is at present known. It differs from that of D. graueri in being considerably smaller ; in having the upper parts paler; the throat and fore-neck chestnut; the rest of the under surface yellow; and the edges of the primaries greyish. GRAUERIA, gen. n. Evidently near the genus Macrosphenus, but with the bill much stronger and shorter, not quite so long as the head, and less hooked at the tip. Tail longer, nearly as long as the wing, and with wider rectrices. Rictal bristles weak. Sexes alike. Throat and fore-neck barred in the type species. The type is GRAUERIA VITTATA, Sp. 0. Adult male and female. Upper surface greenish-olive ; the head olive; forehead slightly spotted ; rump and upper tail-coverts more green ; quills dark brown, the outer webs as well as the upper wing-coverts greenish-olive; tail olive- brown with a greenish tinge; lores dark ashy with small whitish spots. Feathers of the throat buff with a blackish bar near the base and a similarly coloured tip; rest of the 9 [Vol. xxiii. underside similarly coloured, but with fainter marks; abdomen and under tail-coverts dull olive-green; inner edges of the quills pale yellowish-buff; under wing-coverts buff with olive-coloured bars and tips. ‘Iris greyish- brown; bill black; feet bluish-grey.” Wing 60-62°5 mm. ; tail 58-60 ; tarsus about 28°5-29°5. Hab. High forest west of Lake Albert Edward, and Rugege forest, S.E. of Lake Kivu. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. No. 1987. Primeval forest, 90 km. west of Lake Albert Edward, 1600 m. above sea-level. KR. Grauer coll. Obs. Mr. Grauer, in whose honour the genus is named, sent six examples of this interesting new species in his last collection. CossYPHA ROBERTI RUFESCENTIOR, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Differ from the nearest ally, Cossypha r. roberti (Callene roberti, Alexander) from Fer- nando Po, in having the orange-rufous colour of the throat and chest extending down the breast and along the sides of the body on to the under tail-coverts, only the middle of the abdomen being white or whitish. The upper surface is somewhat brighter and more rufous; the lores darker; the white line above the Jores wider and more con- spicuous ; and the under wing-coverts more rufescent. Size about the same as that of C. r. roberti. Wing, ¢ 68 mm., 2 645. Hab. Forest west of Lake Albert Edward. Type in the Trmg Museum: @. No. 2019. High forest 90 km. west of Lake Albert Edward, 1600 m. above sea- level. KR. Grauer coll. LANIARIUS GRAUERI, Sp. n. Adult male. Differs from L. batesi, Sharpe, in having the underparts golden-yellow, instead of scarlet; the rectrices black, widely tipped with dark yellow, instead of red; the white line above the black forehead about 3 or 4 mm. wide, instead of about 15 (though this may be of no taxonomic Vol. xxiii.] 10 value) ; and the grey of the crown, hind-neck, and upper part of the mantle of a darker shade. Adult female. Differs from that of L. batesi in having the underparts deep yellow, instead of red; and the head, hind- neck, and upper part of the mantle of a much darker grey. Hab. Forest west of Lake Albert Edward. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. No. 2089. 14.11. 08. R. Grauer coll. Obs. In West Africa two supposed species with the under- parts yellow and red respectively occur together, and I therefore for the present consider this new form should be given specific rank. LANIARIUS RUBIGINOSUS RUDOLFI, subsp. n. Adult female. Differs from L. r. rubiginesus (Sundev.) from S. Africa and L. r. bertrandi (Shelley) from Nyasaland in having the dark yellow tips of the outer rectrices 6-8 mm. wide, and of the middle pair only 2 mm.; the under tail- coverts and lower flank-feathers deep yellow’ ; aud the lores, feathers of forehead, sides of head, and ear-coverts ashy-grey. Wing 91 mm. Hab. Forest 90 km. west of Lake Albert Edward. Type in the Tring Museum: ?. No. 1979. 7.11.08. R. Grauer coll. TROCHALOPTERON PH@NICEUM BAKERI, subsp. n. Adult male. Similar to T. p. pheeniceum (Gould) from the Himalaya (Sikkim and Nepal), but differs in being slightly paler on the upper, as well as on the under surface, and in having a very distinct ashy-grey wash along the middle of the breast and abdomen, which is generally absent or merely indicated in the Himalayan form, well developed in only four out of the thirty specimens examined. It is also slightly smaller, the wings measuring from 80-90 mm. (generally about 85), as against 81-92°5 (generally about 90). Hab. Mountain Ranges south of the Brahmaputra. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. No. 32960. Laisung, North Cachar, 23. 11.96. E.C. Stuart Baker coll. 1 [Vol. xxiii. KNIPOLEGUS ATERRIMUS OCKENDENT, subsp. n. Adult male. Differs from K. a. aterrimus, Kaup, from the Argentine Republic, in being smaller, the wing measuring only 80 mm. instead of about 86 to 89, the tail 72°5. Adult female. Differs in being smaller, and in having the central pair of rectrices blackish-brown to the base, instead of cinnamon-rufous for at least one-third of the basal portion. Wing 72 mm. Hab. Carabaya, Peru. Type in the Tring Museum: ?. No. 768. Oconeque, Carabaya, Peru, 7000 feet, 4. vii.04. G. R. Ockenden coll. Obs. This new subspecies differs from K. a. heterogyna, Berl. (Proc. IV. Int. Orn. Congress, p. 471) from North Peru in being smaller. The female has the rump cinnamon- rufous instead of whitish-buff. It is called after the late G. R. Ockenden, who lost his life during his last expedition to the Andes of Peru (cf. Nov. Zool. 1907, p. 341). Prof. Neumann exhibited and described an example of a new species of bird from Madagascar :— ABBOTORNIS SCHISTOCERCUS, Sp. 0. Adult. Similar to A. chabert (P. L. S. Mill.), but smaller, with a much smaller bill and a differently coloured tail. Only the four median tail-feathers are black, the four outer pairs having the basal half white and the distal half black. _ The basal part of the feathers of the back and rump is white, as well as the inner web of the outer upper tail-coverts. Culmen 14 mm. ; wing 89; tail 50. Hab. West Central Madagascar. Type in the Tring Museum. Prof. Neumann also exhibited and described examples of the following new forms from Mr. Rudolf Grauer’s collection :— CoRACINA GRAUERI, Sp. n. Adult male and female. Head and throat dark ashy grey ; upper parts darker grey with a slight metallic gloss ; wing and tail sooty-black; edges of the secondary-quills dark Vol. xxiii.] 12 grey with a slight metallic gloss ; underparts, under wing- coverts, and under tail-coverts white, the latter somewhat creamy ; sides of body pale grey. The bill is much narrower than that of C. pectoralis (Jard. & Selb.) and C. cesia (Licht.), and of a nearly similar shape to that of the genus Edoliisoma. — &. Culmen 17 mm.; wing 115; tail 110; tarsus 22-23. 9. Wing 109 mm. ; tail 105. Hab. Forest, 90 km. west of Lake Albert Edward. Typein the Tring Museum: g. 14.ii.08. Rudolf Grauer coll. Obs. This fine discovery of Mr. Grauer’s seems to form a link between the genera Coracina and Edoliisoma. PLOCEUS INSIGNIS FRATER, subsp. n. Adult female. Similar to the female of P. 2. insignis, Sharpe, Mt. Elgon, Nandi, and Mau, and of P.7. croconotus, Reichenow, from the Camaroon Mountains, but the chin and entire throat are yellow like the breast and belly. Hab. Country west of Lake Albert Edward. Type in the Tring Museum: 9. 90 km. west of Lake Albert Edward, 16.11.08. R. Grauer coll. PLocEUS AURANTIUS REX, subsp. n. Adult male. Similar to that of P. a. aurantius, Vieill., from West Africa, but larger, and with the back and shoulders much brighter and yellower. The underside is of a more uniform dark golden-yellow; no dark golden-brown patch on the throat, as in P. a. aurantius. Upper mandible brownish-horn-colour, the lower very light horn ; while in P. a aurantius the whole bill, or at least the upper mandible, is black. ; The lores are golden-yellow in seven out of the eight specimens examined, while they are black in only one specimen. In the West-African P. a. awrantius the lores are always black. Wing 73-74 mm. Hab. Uganda. een Type in the Tring Museum: d. Entebbi, Uganda, R. Grauer coll. . 13 (Vol. xxiii. Other specimens from the same locality are in Mr. F. J. Jackson’s collection. PHYLLASTREPHUS GRAUERI, Sp. N. Adult male and female. Allied to P. albigularis (Sharpe), P. flavostriatus (Sharpe), and P. olivaceogriseus, Reichenow. It most nearly resembles the last-named species in the shape of the bill, but is distinguished by the olive-green colour of the upperside, which is only slightly intermixed with grey. The secondaries and the outer webs of the primaries are rufous-olive; the tail rather more rufous; the underside greyish-white with broad sulphur-yellow stripes; the belly and under tail-coverts sulphur-yellow; the flanks yellowish olive-green. From P. flavostriatus it is at once distinguished by its pure grey head, and shorter, broader bill. 3. Wing 92-95 mm.; tail 93-97. 9. Wing 87 mm. Sea 87. Hab. Country ‘men of Lake Albert Edward. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Forest 90 km. west of Lake Albert Edward, 5.11.08. R. Grauer coll. BuRNESIA BAIRDI OBSCURA, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to B. 6. melanops, Reichenow & Neumann, from Mau and Nandi, but darker and with a larger bill. The black colour on the head and throat is more extended. Hab. Country around Lakes Albert Edward and Kivu. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. No. 2043. Forest 90 km. west of Lake Albert Edward, 8. ii.08. R. Grauer coll. Prof. Neumann also described :— GUTTERA CRISTATA SETH-SMITHI, subsp. n. Adult male and female, Similar to G. c. cristata (Pall.) from Upper Guinea, but the spots on all the feathers and the stripes on the outer webs of the wings are of a finer and deeper blue than in any other subspecies of G. cristata. The crest is shorter than in G. ce. cristata. Vol. xxii. | 14 Hab. Central Africa, from the Mau Mountains to the Semliki River. Type in the Tring Museum: @. Budongo Forest, Unyoro, 29. 1.07. L. M. Seth-Smith coll. * Obs. Specimens collected by Mr. F. J. Jackson on the Mau Mountains are in the British Museum, and others, collected at Fort Beni, Semliki River, by the Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg’s expedition, are in the Berlin Museum. GUTTERA CRISTATA SUAHELICA, Subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to G. c. cristata from West Africa, but the spots on the feathers and the stripes on the outer webs of the wings are slightly paler than in G. c. cris- tata, and the crest is fuller and larger, the feathers, especially those of the forehead, being longer. The bare skin of the head and neck is dark blue, only the lower part of the fore- neck and a small spot below the eye being red. Hab. German East Africa from the Coast to Ugogo. Type in the Berlin Museum: @. Lindi, German East Africa. Schnorrenpfeil coll.* ALCEDO LEUCOGASTER BOWDLERI, Subsp. n. Ispidina leucogaster yuv., Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. M. xvii. p. 194 (1892). Adult male and female. Similar to A. l. leopoldi, Dubois (from the Congo, Gaboon, and South Cameroon), which is a smaller subspecies of A. /. leucogaster (Fraser) from Fernando Po, but the forehead and sides of head are ferruginous, only the middle of the vertex being black, barred with blue. — Wing 55-57 mm. Hab. Upper Guinea, from Sierra Leone to the Gold Coast. Type in the British Museum: adult. Sierra Leone. Gould coll. * [Both these supposed subspecies of Guttera cristata appear to be founded on seasonal changes of plumage ; freshly moulted birds having the spots and stripes of a brighter blue, while in worn specimens the markings become paler.—ED. ] 15 [Vol. xxiii. Mr. Boyp Atexanper exhibited and described examples of the following new African species :— NeocossyPHUS GRANTI, sp. n. 9. N. prepectorali similis, sed paulo minor et rectricum apicibus albis valde minoribus, speculo alari castaneo distinguendus. Culmen 15 mm., ala 100, cauda 95. Hab. Beritio, R. Welle, 14. ii. 06. Obs. This specimen is similar to a female obtained by Mr. D. Carruthers to the north-west of Lake Tanganyika. Mr. Ogilvie-Grant has already pointed out (‘ Ibis,’ 1908, p. 300) that the latter bird differed somewhat from a typical female of N. prepectoralis, Jackson, from the Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, and might represent a distinct and rather smaller form. The discovery of a second similar specimen on the Welle River seems to confirm this opinion. BaRBATULA POENSIS, Sp. 0. 6. B. leucoleme similis, sed major, et remigibus extus viridescenti- flavo, nec olivascenti-flavo marginatis ; gutturis et prepectoris albedine cinerascente usque ad pectus extensa. Culmen 13 mm., ala 62, cauda 38. Hab. Moka, Fernando Po, 9. xii. 02. HypocHERA NIGERIA, sp. n. 6. H. enee similis, sed ubique viridi-nitens, minime chalybea. Culmen 8 mm., ala 65, cauda 45. flab. Kiri, R. Gongola, 22. vii. 04. With regard to the genus Hypochera, I have come to the conclusion that the light and dark brown of the quills in the species is not a constant character. The light colour seems to be due to the faded condition of the plumage, and the males apparently assume the brown plumage of the female in the non-breeding season. SYLVIA OLIVIA, sp. n. 6. S. galactodi similis, sed minor; gutture, abdomine et hypochondriis clare albidis, pectore minime concolori- bus. Culmen 14 mm., ala 75, cauda 73. @. Culmen 15 mm., ala 77, cauda 78. Hab. Vicinity of Lake Chad, 21. xi. 04. Vol. xxiii. | 16 SYLVIELLA OLIVIA, Sp. 0. 3. S. jacksoni similis, sed notzo cinereo, olivaceo lavato ; facie laterali et gastro toto saturate vinaceo-fulvis. Culmen 10 mm., ala 52, cauda 23. Hab. R. Bamingui, 22. viii. 05. Mr. Boyp AtexanpER also exhibited specimens of the following rare and interesting species obtained by him on his expedition across Africa :— Amydrus rueppelli, Verr. (Nigeria.) Salpornis emini, Hartl. (R. Shari.) Ptyrticus turdinus, Hartl. (R. Kibali.) Pyrhurrus orientalis (Hartl.). (R. Welle.) Thamnolea coronata, Reichen. (Nigeria.) Trachyphonus margaritatus (Cretzschm.). (Lake Chad.) Turtur shelleyi, Salvad. (Lake Chad.) Turtur roseo-griseus (Sund.). (Bornu.) Mr. Alexander recorded the fact that Thamnolea claudi, Alex., had proved to be the female of 7. coronata, Reiche- now, which was only known from the male type from Togoland. The Rey. F. C. R. Jourparn exhibited several clutches of rare eggs from Corsica, including two sets of eggs of Sitta ~ whiteheadi, Sharpe, and one set of Sylvia ee La Marm., and made the following remarks :— « Although the eggs of Sitta whiteheadi were discovered by John Whitehead in 1884, and the birds have been met with by Dr. Koenig and Mr. Sapsworth, no further nests have been found, nor were the breeding-grounds known until the present year, when I was fortunate enough to discover several pairs of birds breeding in a coniferous forest at a height of over 3000 ft. ‘The nests were invariably placed in dead and very rotten pine-trees, often at a considerable height, and usually in old holes of Dendrocopus maor, and, on account of the dangerous state of the trees, were very difficult to get at. The very characteristic nest is composed + 17 [Vol. xxii. of strips of bark of the large heath, which grows plentifully in the forests, and a few feathers. “The nest of Sylvia sarda is also one which has been seldom taken by a naturalist. In this case the male was incubating and allowed himself to be touched with the hand before leaving the eggs. The nest is considerably larger than that of S. undata. *“T also procured a clutch of 5 eggs of the local race of Tree-Creeper, Certhia_familiaris corsa, and believe it to be the first ever taken, but the eggs differ little from those of other races.” Mr. J. D. La Toucne forwarded the following description of a new species of Sand-Martin from China :— CoriLE FOHKIENENSIS, sp. n. Adult male and female.—Near C. riparia, but smaller, and with a nearly square tail. Uniform pale brownish-grey above, lighter on the rump. Underparts pure white, with a rather pale brownish-grey band across the breast. Wing 3:7 to 4in.; tail 1:7 to 1°78 in., depth of fork of tail 0°15 to 0°25 in. Obs. This Sand-Martin is a resident in the province of Fohkien, in South-east China. It summers at Chinkiang, on the Lower Yangtze. Mr. Rickett and I confounded it with C. riparia, which is a much larger and darker bird, with a comparatively deeply-forked tail. I have lately obtained examples of the true C. riparia, L., on migration on the coast of Kiangsu, and IJ procured C. sinensis in Formosa. The Fohkien Sand-Martin is intermediate between the two, having the pale-coloured upperparts and smaller proportions of the latter ; a tuft of feathers on the tarsus and a pectoral band, as in C. riparia*. * [From C. diluta, Sharpe & Wyatt, from Tashkend, it is distinguished by its nearly square tail and its altogether darker coloration. The bird procured by Mr. Pratt at Ichang, as well as specimens from Madras (Jerdon) and Pushut, Afghanistan (Griffith), referred with doubt by Dr. Sharpe to C. diluta (Sharpe & Wyatt, Mon. Hirund. i. p- 68), appear to be referable to C. fohkienensis, La Touche.—Ep. | b VOL, XXIII, Vol. xxii.] 18 On behalf of Mr. R. M. Barrineton, Mr. Ocirviz-Grant exhibited an immature example of Pallas’s Grasshopper-. Warbler (Locustella certhiola, Pall.), which had been picked up dead at the Rockabill Lighthouse, five miles from the shore, Co. Dublin, on the 28th of September, 1908. He remarked that it was the first time this Eastern Asiatic species had been recorded in Great Britain. A single specimen had been procured by Gitke in Heligoland on the 13th of August previous to the year 1858 [cf. ‘ Birds of Heligoland,’ p. 312 (1895) ]. Mr. Barrineton also sent for exhibition a specimen of the Little Bunting (Emberiza pusilla, Pall.), which had also been picked up at the Rockabill Lighthouse on the 2nd of October. This was the seventh time this species has been recorded from the British Islands and was the first record from Ireland [¢f. Witherby & Ticehurst, Brit. Birds, i. p. 249 (1908) ]. Dr. Percy R. Lows forwarded the following description of a new subspecies of Quail, which he proposed to name ORTYX GRAYSONI PANUCENSIS, subsp. n. | Adult male. Resembles O. graysoni, Lawr., in having the black of the throat restricted to a narrow and fairly well- defined band, but differs from it in having the feathers of the breast, abdomen, and flanks streaked with elongate spots of black and white situated on either side of the edges of the webs, and the under tail-coverts heavily spotted with subterminal arrow-shaped black shaft-spots. From O. pectoralis, Gould, it differs in lacking the much broader black band of the lower throat and upper breast and in having the underparts streaked, as described above, whereas in O. pectoralis these parts are either uniformly chestnut or have the feathers very narrowly edged with black or dusky. Adult female. Resembles the female of O. graysoni. Hab. Valley of the River Panuco, Tampico, Mexico. Obs. Both birds are in full breeding-plumage, and the ovary of the female contained a well-developed egg 19 [ Vol. xxiii. Mr. W. R. Ocitvie-Granr described two new species of Sunbird (Cinnyris), which he proposed to name as follows :— CINNYRIS SEIMUNDI, sp. n. Cinnyris chloropygia, Gadow (nec Jardine), Cat. Birds B. M. ix. p. 34 (1884) [part.]. Adult male. Upperparts, including the top and sides of the head, rather bright olive-green ; feathers above and below the eye and on the rest of the underparts pale yellow, brightest down the middle of the breast and belly. Quills . dark brown margined externally for the greater part of their length with yellow, and internally with pale creamy white. Iris hazel; bill dark brown, lighter at the base of the lower mandible ; feet greenish-black. Total length ca. 3°8 inches; culmen from gape 0°69-0°72; wing 2°2-2°25 ; tail 1°2-1°25; tarsus 0°64. Adult female. Similar to the male but smaller. Total length 3°5 inches ; culmen from gape 0°6; wing 2°0-2:02 ; tail 1:05; tarsus 0:06. Hab. Fernando Po and West Africa, ranging from the Gold Coast and Gaboon to the Semliki Valley. A large series in the British Museum. CINNYRIS BATESI, Sp. n. Adult male. Most nearly allied to C. setmundi but altogether darker. The upperparts are dark olive and the underparts dull greyish-olive, only the middle of the belly being pale whitish-yellow ; the yellow margins to the outer webs of the quills are paler and less conspicuous. Total length about 3°6 inches ; culmen from gape 0°65-0°68 ; wing 1:95- 2°05 ; tail 10-11; tarsus 0°56-0°6. Adult female. Similar to the male, but smaller. Total length 3:1 inches; culmen from gape 0°6; wing 1°8; tail 095; tarsus 0°55. Hab. Ja River, South Camaroon, and Camma Liver, Gaboon. Five specimens in the British Museum, Vol. xxiii. ] 20 Obs. These two species of Sunbird with the sexes similar in plumage have hitherto been confounded with Cinnyris chloropygia, of which they were considered to be immature birds. C. seimundi, though resembling the female of C. chloropygia in general appearance, may be at once distin- guished by its pale yellow throat and olive-green (not black) tail-feathers. Several males of C. batesi are marked “ testes large,” and, as pointed out by Mr. G. L. Bates, were evidently fully adult breeding birds. Both species seem to belong to the group which includes C. gabonica, Hartl., from West Africa, and together form a link between the genera Cinnyris and Anthothreptes. .C. batesi has the bill like that of a true Cinnyris, but in C. seimundi it 1s straighter and less curved, but not so short and stout as in C. gabonica. Dr. Reichenow places the latter species in the genus Anthothreptes. The sexes in all three species are perfectly similar to one another in plumage. Dr. C. B. Ticruvurst exhibited a specimen of the Northern Willow-Warbler, Piylloscopus trochilus eversmanni (Bonap.), and made the following remarks on its occurrence in Great Britain :— ‘ Whilst examining birds sent from the Lighthouses on the South Coast to the Migration Committee of the British Ornithologists’ Club, I have frequently been struck by the fact that some of the Willow-Warblers, though superficially like the common species (Phylloscopus trochilus), could easily be distinguished from that bird. Their spring-plumage differed from that of the ordinary form in being generally paler; the upperparts were of a greyer tint, instead of yellowish-green; the underparts almost devoid of yellow; and the superciliary stripe white or nearly so, imstead of yellow. Furthermore, I found that these birds did not arrive on our shores till the end of April, and that most of them passed through the country during the first fortnight of May, at a time when the majority of Common Willow- Warblers were breeding. 21 [Vol. xxiii. This race is mentioned by Dr. Hartert [¢f. Die Végel Pal. Faun. pt. iv. p. 509 (1907) ] as Phylluscopus trochilus evers- manni (Bonap.), and has not hitherto been recorded as a migrant in Great Britain. Dr. Hartert states that its breeding-range begins in N. Russia, east of the Timan Hills, and extends southwards along the Ural Mountains to the eastern part of Perm and Orenburg. LEastwards it is the form which breeds in the valleys of the Ob and Yenesei aud reaches the mouth of the Lena and Kolyma. It passes through Egypt on migration and appears to winter in South Africa. As I have found examples of this race breeding in North Finmark and have seen others from North Norway, it would seem that the breeding-range must extend further west, while as a migrant it is apparently wu regular bird of passage to our shores, as I have seen ex- amples from the south of England (Hampshire and Sussex) and from the Shetland Isles *. Mr. Bonnore exhibited a female specimen of Phylloscopus collybita abietina (Nilss.), a form of the Chiffchaff which, according to Dr. Hartert, breeds in Northern and Eastern Europe, and has not hitherto been recorded from England. The bird was obtained at St. Catherine’s Lighthouse, in the Isle of Wight, on the 15th April,1907. It is a slhghtly larger and paler form, the wing in the present individual measuring 58 mm. as against 55 mm. in that of a specimen of the typical race killed at the same time. Dr. Hartert states that it is occasionally found in West Europe on migration, and that it winters in Greece, Asia Minor, and N.K. and E. Africa. Dr. Hartert has examined the individual in question and agrees as to its identification *. Mr. Bonuore also exhibited the skin of a female Sheld- duck in the eclipse-plumage. In the course of his remarks he pointed out that the male Sheld-duck followed the custom * Cf. Remarks on the different forms of the Chiffchaff and Willow- Wren: Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1901, pp. 644-645. Vol. xxiii.] 22 of the other Anatide in having an eclipse-plumage, though, so far as he was aware, no description of that plumage had as yet been published. He regretted that he was unable to exhibit a skin in this plumage, but hoped to do so on a subsequent occasion, and could only say that the drake in eclipse-plumage was a very much duller bird, showing considerably less black below, while the red band across the mantle showed a large amount of black vermiculation. In the case of the duck it would be noticed that the cheeks, forehead, and throat showed a considerable amount of white, and that the feathers along the back of the neck were tipped with brown. The feathers of the mantle were dark grey, nearly black, faintly mottled with rufous, and those of the upper tail-coverts and flanks had dusky tips. On the underparts the chestnut band on the breast was much paler and more restricted in extent and the black was entirely absent, but some of the feathers along the median line showed rufous and dusky tips, many of the feathers on the chest had narrow rufous margins, and the under tail- coverts were practically white with a faint creamy tinge. The bird exbibited was a fully adult female, eight years old, and was killed on the 2nd of September. Another living bird was kept for comparison. On the date above mentioned it was found that it exactly resembled the bird exhibited, and some of the feathers on the mantle were marked, in order to ascertain if his was a true eclipse-plumage or merely a transitional phase of moult. This living bird was again carefully examined on the 18th of October and found to be in full moult, but to resemble in all essential points the skin of the full-plumaged adult which was brought up for comparison. Mr. Bouhote then showed two of the marked feathers as well as two of the newly-grown feathers, all taken from the living bird on the 18th of October, which showed clearly the difference between the eclipse-feathers and the full feathers, and proved conclusively the existence of the eclipse-plumage and double autumn moult in the female Sheld-duck. So far as he was aware, this was the first definite proof of an hy 23 [ Vol. xxi. eclipse-plumage in a species of duck in which the sexes were practically alike, and the first notice of an eclipse-plumage in the female of any species of Duck. Mr. Bonunore also remarked that he had been making some observations on the female Wigeon, although he was unable to exhibit specimens on the present occasion. At the beginning of September obviously new or newly- growing feathers on the breast and mantle of a female Wigeon were marked in a manner similar to those of the Sheld-duck. On examining the bird again on the 19th of October it was found to be in a beautifully fresh-moulted condition with many feathers still in the quill, and a most careful and exhaustive search failed to show any of the marked feathers, thus proving conclusively the presence of a double autumnal moult in the female of this species. The difference in the two plumages was quite evident to anyone thoroughly acquainted with the species, and it was the different appearance of the bird that led to its being more closely examined ; roughly speaking, however, the two plumages were very similar, but the eclipse-plumage was rather darker and more rufous, especially on the flanks. As was already known, the female Tufted Duck showed a special plumage in which the: feathers round the base of the bill became white asin the Scaup, and it seemed probable to him that further close and careful observations would show that the females of most species of Duck had a double autumnal moult and eclipse-plumage, thus showing that the latter was not a plumage assumed by the drakes alone for the sake of protection during the period when they were unable to fly, and confined to the drakes of those species in which the sexes were different, but that it was originally due to other and more deep-seated causes embracing both sexes and many species. Personally, as had been pointed out by Mr. Lydekker and himself in ‘The Field’ some years ago*, Mr. Bonhote believed that the eclipse-plumage really * ‘Field,’ Dec. 2nd & 16th, 1905, and March 24th, 1906. Vol. xxiii.] . 24. represented the winter or “non-breeding”’ dress of other Orders, and that the Anatide were showing an interesting state of evolution in which this plumage was being gradually suppressed. The occurrence of the eclipse-plumage among the females tended to strengthen and confirm this view. Mr. P. F. Bunyarp exhibited some pods of garden-peas showing the result of attacks from Hawfinches (Coccothraustes coccothraustes). He mentioned the great increase of this species in Kent, and called attention to the amount of damage done by the birds to growing crops of peas &c. As many as forty or fifty birds had been shot in a single orchard. The following varieties of eggs were also exhibited by Mr. Bunyard :—Two clutches of eggs of the Nightjar (Capri- mulgus europeus) with a distinct shade of olive-green, and with the over-markings of a rich dark olive; also two sets of the same species showing a decidedly pink ground, one with over- markings of dense black, and the other of rich dark brown. The shell-markings in each case were normal. A clutch of five eges of the Hawfinch with creamy-white ground, showing a slight tinge of pink, with scrolled markings of varying shades of brown, forming a zone, and with shell- markings of clear grey. A clutch of six eggs of the Bullfinch (Pyrrhula europea) with white ground, showing a perceptible tinge of greenish-blue and with the markings fine, but normal. A clutch of four eggs of the Sky-Lark (Alauda arvensis), three of which were of a rich brick-red, the odd egg being of normal appearance but with a slight tinge of red; also two pure white eggs of the same species, perfectly normal in size and texture. A remarkable set of four eggs of the Ringed Plover (4gialitis hiaticola) with very pale bluish-green ground boldly spotted with jet-black, and with large under- lying dark grey blotches (‘ British Birds,’ vol. 11. p. 135). Mr. G. M. Maruews exhibited a pair of specimens of a species of Agintha procured by Mr. A. S. ‘Meek at Cape York on the 7th of August, 1898. These birds had been included by him in his ‘ Hand-list,’ p. 102, with 25 [Vol. xxiii. 44. temporalis, Lath., but proved to belong to a distinct species, which must bear the name of Mgintha minor, Campbell. Mr. North, when commenting on Mr. Mathews’ ‘ Hand- list,’ had pointed out that the bird from Cape York was distinct ; and Mr. Campbell (‘ Nests and Eggs of Australian Birds,’ p. 492) also noticed certain differences between this form and the typical . temporalis and suggested for it the name of 4. minor, which it was now proposed to adopt. In 4. minor the scarlet on the brow was more pronounced, the wings more yellow, and the under surface much lighter. 44. temporalis : total length 4°25; wing 2°12 inches. Ay. minor : Pr PPO Sag CEO ae Mr. C. J. Carroxz, introduced by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, exhibited mounted examples of the following species of birds and curious colour-varieties :— KILLDEER Piover. (A gialitis vocifera.) An adult male, shot in Romney Marsh, near Lydd, Kent, on April the 22nd, 1908, and examined in the flesh by Mr. Ruskin Butterfield. Soxtrary Sanprirer. (TZotanus solitarius.) A female, shot at Littlestone, Kent, on August the 15th, 1908, and examined in the flesh by Dr. N. F. Ticehurst. Bartram’s Sanvrirer. (Bartramia longicauda.) An adult male, shot in Romney Marsh on July the 18th, 1908, and examined in the flesh by Mr. M. J. Nicoll. Mr. Carrout also exhibited varieties of plumage of the following species:—Golden Plover (two), Blue Titmouse, Great Titmouse, Green Woodpecker, Blackbird, Corn- Bunting, Fulmar Petrel (albino, July the 12th, 1908: eyes, legs, and feet pink). Dr. R. Bowpier Suarre exhibited an example of Hender- son’s Gyr-Falcon (Hierofalco milvipes, Hodgs.), which had c VOL, XXIII, Vol. xxiii. | 26 been procured at Tai-Yuen-Fu, in the province of Shan-si, N.W. China, by Dr. E. H. Edwards. He remarked that it was the first time this species had been recorded from China. Dr. Penrose placed on the table the Report of the Migration Committee on the Immigration of Summer Residents in the spring of 1907. This was the third report issued by the Committee, and formed Volume XXII. of the ‘ Bulletin.’ The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 18th of November, 1908, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are particularly requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C., as otherwise great inconvenience is caused and the Dinner arrangements are upset. (Signed) P.L. Sctater, W. R. Oeitvizr-Grant, H. F. Wiruersy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. & Treas. BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. No. CXLVI. Tue hundred and forty-fifth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 18th of November, 1908. Chairman: P. L. Sctater, F.R.S. Members present :—P. H. Baur, E. Brpwe tt, C. Borrer, C. M. Bucxiey, P. F. Bunyarp, H. E. Dresser, E. V. Karz, H. W. Finuinson, J. Gerrarp, F. Ginuert, J. M. Goopatt, H. Goopcuitp, W. Gooprrettow, E. Harrert, Ph.D., Rev. F. C. R. Jourpain, G. M. Marnews, O. Nev- MANN, T. H. Newman, W. R. Ocitviz-Granr (Editor), C. Otpaam, C. E. Pearson, F. G. Penrosz, M.D., A. E. Price, W. P. Pycrart, W. E. Renavt, C. B. Rickert, A. D. SapswortH, J. Sargent, G. Scowann, W. L. Scwater, D, Sera-Smita, C. B. Ticenurst, M.D., N. F. Ticenurst, - F.R.C.S., R. J. Ussoer, L. A. Witiiams, H. F. Wirnersy (Secretary and Treasurer). Visitors :—A. GREENWELL, D. H. Mearess, J. B. Sarcenr. We regret to announce the death of Colonel C. T. Binenam, which occurred on the 18th of October, 1908. The loss of this well-known and much esteemed Member of - the British Ornithologists’ Club will be deeply regretted by. his many friends. During a large part of his life his name was intimately connected with Indian Ornithology, and most: [December 2nd, 1908. } 6a xin. ? DEC 21 4 National ruse Vol. xxii] 28 of his beautifully prepared and carefully labelled specimens, which formed part of the. Hume Collection, are now to be found in the British Museum. His most important ornithological work was done when, as an officer in the Forest Department of the Indian Empire, he was in charge of the Thoungyin Valley in Tenasserim (cf. Str. F. ix. pp- 138-198). Colonel Bingham was also a proficient Hymenopterist and ‘Lepidopterist, and after the death of Mr. W. T. Blanford he undertook the editorship of the ‘ Fauna of British India’ At the time of his death he was engaged in completing the volumes on the Butterflies which form a part of that series. The Treasurer made his annual statement as to the financial affairs of the Club, which were shown to be in a very satisfactory state. Mr. H. E. Dresser had duly audited the accounts and certified them to be correct. Mr. H. F. Wirxersy exhibited an adult female specimen of the Little Bunting (Hmberiza pusilla) which had been sent to him by Mr. H. N. Pashley, the taxidermist of Cley, Norfolk. The bird had been shot by a local gunner at Cley on October the 19th, 1908, and was the first recorded occurrence of the species in Norfolk and the twentieth in the British Isles. On behalf of Mr. F. I. Ricnuarps, Mr. Wituersy also exhibited a mature male example of the Red-breasted Flycatcher (Muscicapa parva). The bird, which was in very fine plumage, had been shot by a local gunner at Cley, Norfolk, on September the 24th, 1908 (ef. ‘ British Birds ” (Mag.), 11. p. 200). He also showed a mature male example of the Blue-headed Wagtail (Motacilla flava flava), which had likewise been shot by a local fowler at Cley, on September the 23rd, 1908. a 29 [Vol. xxiii. ~ Prof. Neumann exhibited and described examples of the following new subspecies of Capitonide :— LyBivUs BIDENTATUS &THIOPS, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to L. b. equatorialis, Shelley, from Uganda, Kavirondo, Unyoro, Niam-Niam, &c., but somewhat smaller and with a much smaller bill. L. 6. aethiops. Culmen 26-29 mm.; wing 96-103. L. b. equatorialis. Culmen 29-34 mm.; wing 104-111. Hab. Shoa, South Ethiopian Lakes, and Omo Region. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Uba, Omo Region, 25.1.01. O. Neumann coll. Obs. Examples of L. 6. equatorialis from Niam-Niam are slightly smaller than those from Lakes Victoria and Albert. LysBiUs UNDATUS SENAFENSIS, Subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to L. u. thiogaster, Neum., from Massaua and the Bogos Country, but the crown is glossy black, without white stripes ; the feathers of the throat have the black middles broader and the white margins narrower, while the back is darker. There is an indication of white eyebrows and black cheeks, though these markings are not so sharply defined as in Mr. Keuleman’s figure of Pogonorhynchus undatus in Marshall’s ‘ Monograph of the Capitonide,’ plate 13, where this form is badly depicted. In L. u. thiogaster the entire sides of the head are striped with black and white. . Hab. Region south of the Bogos Country (Upper Mareb River, North Tigre). Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Senafe Pass, 28. xii. 02. G. Schrader coll. Other specimens from Arba, Schiko, Ghadi Saleti, and Ali Beret are in the Tring Museum; and from Senafe, Adigrat, and Rayrayguddi im the British Museum. Obs. In the countries south of Tigre to Lake Tsana and to the west of Lake T’sana another form occurs, L. wu. sguamatus, Heugl. (cf. J.£.O. 1863, p. 15). In this the white edges of the feathers of the throat are wanting, and the breast and belly have not the distinct bars of L. u. undatus, Vol. xsiii.] 30 BARBATULA CHRYSOCOMA ZEDLITZI, subsp. n. Adult. Similar to B. c. chrysocoma, Temm., from Senegal and Upper Guinea, but the pale portions of the feathers of the back are of a deep golden-yellow, and the underside is of a uniform pale golden-yellow. In B. c. chrysocoma the pale portions of the feathers of the back are sulphur-yellow, the chin and upper throat sulphur-yellow, and the breast and belly dull orange-yellow. Wing 27 mm. Hab. Sennar, Lower Blue Nile. Type in the Berlin Museum: Blue Nile, probably near Roseires. A. Brehm coll. Other specimens are in the British and Stuttgart Museums. Obs. This species is named after Count Otto Zedlitz Triitzschler, who has just returned from a successful orni- thological expedition to Northern and Western Abyssinia. TRACHYPHONUS DARNAUDI USAMBIRO, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to T. d. darnaudi, Des Murs, but larger. The black feathers of the head have subterminal yellow bars, and the yellow feathers of the rump faint brownish terminal bars. In 7. d. darnaudi the subterminal bars on the head are orange and there are black spots on the feathers of the rump. Wing 81-85 mm., as compared with 71-75 mm. in 7. d. darnaudi. Hab. Countries south and south-west of Lake Victoria. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Usambiro, 2. ix. 89. Emin coll. Other specimens from Bussissi, Kagehi, Ssamuje are in the Berlin Museum. CYANOPS HENRICII BRACHYRHYNCHA, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to C. h. henricit, Temm., from Malacca and Sumatra, but somewhat smaller and with a much smaller bill. C. h. brachyrhyncha. Culmen 24-25 mm.; wing 91-95. C. h. henricii. Culmen 27-31 mm. ; wing 95-102. Hab. Borneo. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Batu Lang, Baram River, 1.92. C. Hose coll. 31 [Vol. xxiii. Oés. All the nine specimens examined are from the Baram River district. Specimen m' of the ‘ Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum’ from Sarawak, A. H. Everett coll., is as large as Sumatran and Malaccan specimens. CYANOPS FAIOSTRICTA SAIGONENSIS, subsp. n. Cyanops pheostricta, Shelley, Cat. Birds B. M. xix. p. 76 (1891). Adult. Similar to C. f. faiostricta from Annam, Tonkin, and South China, but smaller and with a shorter lili. The head is somewhat lighter and there is a large scarlet patch on each side of the throat. C. f. saigonensis. Culmen 27 mm. ; wing 105. C. f. faiostricta. Culmen 29-30 mm. ; wing 112-118. Hah, Gower Cochin China. Type in the British Museum: Saigon. Tweeddale col- lection. Prof. Neumann further remarked, regarding the Editor’s footnote in the last number of the ‘ Bulletin,’ that be was not at all of Mr. Ogilvie-Grant’s opinion that his two sub- species of Gultera cristata were founded on seasonal changes of plumage only. If this was the case, fresh-moulted speci- mens were ouly to be found in Central Africa (Upper Congo to Mau), worn specimens in the Coast Region of German East Africa, and intermediate ones in Upper Guinea. In addition to that the colour of the naked parts was very different, at least in G. c. suahelica, which subspecies was not represented either in the British or Tring Museums *. * [It will be noted that all the examples of Professor Neumann’s “ Guttera cristata seth-smithi” in the British Museum as well as those in Mr. F. J. Jackson’s collection were obtained in March. The type wasalso procured in the same month. All are in very freshly moulted plumage. The “G. e. suahelica” from German East Africa was described from three examples in the Berlin Museum, two of which are adult and one young. The date was not recorded, but they were presumably killed at the same season. A moulting example of G. cristata from Sierra Leone, in the British Museum, shows the great difference between the colour of the worn and freshly-moulted plumage.—Eb. | Vol. xxiii.] 32 Guttera sclateri, Reichenow, from North Cameroon, was also a subspecies of G. cristata. Of these four forms he had compared more than 25 specimens. Of another species of Guttera, viz. G. plumifera from S. Cameroon and Gaboon, he had compared about 30 speci- mens shot in nearly every month of the year without being able to detect any real seasonal change regarding the colour of the bluish-white spots. On behalf of Mr. C. J. Carrott, Mr. Octiviz-Grant exhibited a male specimen of Bulwer’s Petrel (Bulweria bulweri) which had been picked up after strong south- westerly gales at Cliff End, Pett Level, near Hastings, on September the 4th, 1908. When found, the bird was still alive, and it had been examined in the flesh by Mr. Ruskin Butterfield. This is the fourth occasion on which this Petrel has been recorded from the British Islands: one being noted in Saunders’s Manual; a second having been picked up dead at Beachy Head, Sussex, on the 3rd of February, 1903; while a third was found at St. Leonard’s on the 4th of February, 1904. Mr. Ocitviz-Grant described an example of a new Pucras Pheasant which had been procured by Mr. F. W. Styan at Ichang, Central China :— PUCRASIA STYANI, Sp. 1. Adult male. Most nearly allied to P. darwini, Swinh., the general colour and markings of the upperparts and tail being similar; but the middle of the chest, breast, and underparts is streaked like the sides, and there is no trace of the uniform chestnut band down the middle of the underparts which is characteristic of P. darwini and all other species of the genus. Total length about 18:0 inches; wing 8°5 ; tail (in moult) 6°2; tarsus 2°8. Hab. Ichang, Central China, 8. ix. 95. Obs. The type is a fully adult bird with a well-developed spur. There is a second male example of this species, also in Mr. Styan’s collection, procured on the 11th of January, 33 [Vol. xxiii. 1904, which has evidently been in captivity, the left wing having been pinioned. ‘This bird is altogether somewhat greyer than the type specimen, the underparts especially being dirty yellowish-grey, instead of reddish-grey, though the markings in both specimens are identical. The tail, which is fully grown, measures 7°8 inches. Mr. Boyp Arexanper forwarded descriptions of two new species of birds from Lake Chad :— CaALAMOCICHLA NEGLECTA, Sp. Nn. Adult male and female. Similar to C. leptorhyncha (Reichenow), but larger, and darker on the upperparts. 3. Culmen 16 mm.; wing 68; tail 72. 9. Culmen 14 mm.; wing 61; tail 65. Hab. Lake Chad, 5. xii. 04. HypocHERA NEUMANNI, Sp. n. Adult male. Similar to H. chalybeata (P. L. S. Miill.), but with the entire upper- and underparts clear steel-blue, with no greenish gloss, as in H. cha/ybeata. Culmen 8mm. ; wing 64; tail 44. Hab. Yo, near Lake Chad, 19. xi. 04. The Rev. F. C. R. Jourpain exhibited a clutch of four eggs ascribed by the collector (Herr Wilh. Riickbeil) to Rhopophilus albosuperciliaris (Hume & Henderson). They differed widely in appearance from the egg described and figured in the ‘ Ibis,’ 1908, p. 486, pl. x. fig. 8, as that of this species. Herr Riickbeil obtained at least two clutches of eggs, and also sent home skins; but it is not certain that the birds were shot from the nest, so that the authenticity of the eggs, though probable, cannot yet be said to be conclusively proved (cf. ‘ Ibis,’ 1908, p. 634). Mr. W. P. Pycrart exhibited a portion of a slab of marly-limestone from the Lower Pliocene of Gabbro, near Leghorn, which contained the greater portion of the hind limbs, as well as traces of the vertebra and feathers, of a Pipit, apparently of the genus Anthus. So far as he was Vol. xxiii] 34, aware, these were the oldest known remains of their kind, the only other fossil Passerines of that period (Lower Pliocene) being a few fragments of Corvus and Turdus, from Rousillon, Perpignan. Mr. Ocitvie-Grant exhibited a specimen of the Northern Marsh-Tit (Parus borealis (Selys-Longch.)) which had been shot by Mr. J. H. Paddock at Tetbury, Gloucestershire, in Marck 1907, and made the following remarks :— *“Mr. Paddock, who has taken considerable interest in the question of the Marsh-Tit and the Willow-Tit, has presented examples of these birds to the British Museum. Among them he has forwarded the present example of P. borealis, which is a North-west European species and has not hitherto been recorded from Great Britain. “In connection with the occurrence of this interesting accidental visitor, I should like to quote from part of a letter written by myself to Mr. H. F. Witherby :—‘ When I was at Welwyn in Hertfordshire last Sunday (12th of January, 1908), I saw asmall lot of Marsh-Tits of sorts which in- terested me vastly. I was first attracted by the note (song), which was unknown to me, and sounded like that of a Linnet. I got quite close to one of them; it was perched on a thorn-bush about 10 yards off. . There he was, a Marsh- Tit singing a Linnet-like song! There was no room for doubt. So far as I could see, he was rather a pale-looking bird, and perhaps a trifle more robust than our Marsh-Tit (P. palustris): the sides of his face were conspicuously white, and his flanks were pale like the breast. I have never seep the Scandinavian Marsh-it alive, but that was what he reminded me of. I know the Common Marsh-Tit’s notes as well, or better than most people do, but I never heard that species give vent to a little broken ascending song with different notes. There were four or five birds in company, and two were singing as described. If not the Scandinavian Marsh-Tit, what could the birds have been?. Have any of your correspondents met with a similar experience ? ’ “As I had not been able to secure a specimen for 35 [Vol. xxiii. “x identification, I did not wish to place my observations on record, but now that Mr. Paddock has forwarded an undoubted example of this species there can be no reason why P. borealis should not be added to the list of accidental visitors to Great Britain.” Mr. Wa ter Goonrettow gave the following interesting account of his recent expedition to British New Guinea to procure living examples of Birds-of-Paradise, and added some valuable notes on the habits of the various species met with during his travels : — “The wet season in British New Guinea lasts from November till May on the western side of the main Owen Stanley range. During this period it is dry on the eastern side, and many species of birds appear to migrate there at this season, while others seem to do so partially. At any rate they were scarce on the western slopes during the rains, but, after the change of the monsoon, they became very numerous. This applies especially to many species of Pigeons. All the Birds-of-Paradise appear to moult during the rainy season, and the species frequenting the lower altitudes are the first to do so. For instance, in January Paradisea raggiana was in full moult, whereas Paradisornis rudolphi had not commenced to change its plumage. Char- mosyna stelle and Charmosynopsis pulchella, two species of Lories which are common at 3000 ft. and upwards, were nesting during January and February, and began to moult in April. * Paradisea raggiana and Ptilorhis intercedens were not met with above an altitude of 3000 ft.; beyond that Parotia lawesi and Lophorina minor were found at 6000 ft., the latter species ascending still higher. Diphyllodes hunsteini was common at 3000 ft., but specimens were also procured at 5000 ft. Of Loria marie 3 specimens only were seen at 5000 ft., while Drepanornis cervinicauda was fairly numerous, although not often seen, at from 3000 to 5000 ft. “ Paradisornis rudolphi, Epimachus meyeri, and Astrapia stephanie were not seen below an altitude of 6000 ft. All Vol. xxiii.] 36° three species were rare in the Moroka regions, as they have been relentlessly persecuted there for many years past. The first bird shot on the expedition was a female of P. rudolphi; two males were also seen, one at the same time and the other on a subsequent occasion. These birds appear to be very local, and the natives say (and it seems to be true) that they frequent the vicinity of rocky cliffs. At one place on the coast, natives from the interior were seen who had evidently come from a region where these birds were very numerous. They had come down to trade the blue plumes with the ‘coast natives, and had the complete side-plumes fixed to strings in yard- lengths. The same people also had great numbers of the complete crests of Amblyornis subalaris and A. inornata, which, like the two long feathers of Charmosyna stelle, are in ereat demand on the coast for making “ dancing ” ornaments. P. rudolphi has a remarkably agreeable call for a Bird-of- Paradise, although it is unmistakably the note of a bird of that family. It keeps to the high trees, but, according to the natives, is easily snared as it comes low down to dance. “ Only one example of Epimachus meyeri was seen. The notes of this species are most remarkable, and consist of a loud, sharply-emitted, blowing noise, and a sound very much like the rattle of a kettledrum. The bird seen had a rapid flight and Creeper-like habits, and alighted directly on the perpendicular trunk of a tree. “Only one example of Astrapia stephanie was procured and three examples of Loria marie. The legs and feet of the last-named species are holly-green in the male, but less bright in the female. In life the gape of this bird is very remarkable, for it projects for a considerabls distance beyond the sides of the face, and is of a primrose-yellow colour. The inside of the throat is pink, so when the mouth is open it has the appearance of a Gloxinia. «© Drepanornis cervinicauda subsists chiefly on insects, and was seen clinging to the ends of rotten branches and probing the holes with its long bill. It frequents the lower forest- growth, and was sometimes seen flying a short distance above 37 [Vol. xxiii. the ground. A living example of this bird was brought home and has become very tame. The food is thrown up and jerked to the back of the throat, after the manner of a Toucan. “ Lophorina minor appears to nest in April, as a pair of birds of that species were constantly seen carrying nesting- materials past the camp, but the nature of the mountains did not permit of my following them up to their nesting- site. These birds have no regular dancing-places, but go through their display high up in the forest - trees, and hanging, for choice, from a vine, where the sunlight strikes on them, form a wonderful picture. The discordant noise made during their gymnastics could be heard at a very long distance. This species appears to be chiefly insectivorous, and a living example, which was brought home, is still doing well. “ Parotia lawcsi dances very low down near the ground, generally on vines or rattans which trail along the floor of the forest. During the display curious snake-like movements are made with the neck. At one dancing-place twenty or thirty birds were seen at one time during the month of May. “ Diphyllodes hunsteint also dances low down, choosing a slender tree about 7 ft. high from which every leaf is stripped. The ground too, for a considerable circumference around, is kept carefully cleared of all leaves and débris. Each dancing-place appears to be used by one pair of birds only. Although this is a numerous species, it is the one that is least seen, as the birds keep entirely to the thick cover. They have an exceedingly loud and harsh call, which is often heard. “ Paradisea raggiana, like the other members of this genus, chooses a high tree for its display; the dancing-season does not commence much before April, and the birds are then to be found there regularly for a short time at 7 a.M., and again for a considerable time at 2 p.m. One habit of this bird has not been noted in the other species—a backward, jerky move- ment along the branches; also, perhaps, the curious way in which the female birds thread in and out along the branch under the depressed tail of the male, reminding one of the ‘ladies’ chain’ ina quadrille. Nesting commences in April, Voleeam| 38 and the male bird takes no part whatever either in building the nest or in rearing the young. In the beginning of May a nest was found in the course of construction in the fork of a branch about 10 ft. above the ground, on the edge of a small inhabited clearing. It was a very flimsy structure composed of fibre and dead leaves, but twice during the period of incubation the female bird entwined a fresh green creeper negligently about the nest and the fork in which it was placed. Only one egg was laid, and incubation appeared to last 18 days. The young bird was eventually taken and hand-reared and, together with its mother, was brought to England, where both are now living. It proved to be a male, and shows the ochre-coloured bar, which is characteristic of the young of that sex, beneath what will later on be the green throat. The throat and nasal region (which are both green in the adult male) remained entirely bare until the young bird was nearly two months old, although the rest of the body was fully feathered. « At the end of May another nest was found in a similar situation to that already mentioned, but it was placed still lower down. In this case also only one egg was laid and after it had hatched the young bird was taken and brought up by hand. The mother was also captured, and both are now in England. This young one also turned out to be a male. “On June the 9th anest of Péilorhis intercedens was found in a small bread-fruit tree. It was placed about 12 ft. from the ground, and the tree stood in the centre of an overgrown clearing. As a move was being made back to port, the nest and two eggs were taken and the female bird was captured ; but two days after it arrived in England it escaped in the country near to Tunbridge Wells*. This nest, together * [I have just heard from Mr. Goodfellow that the female Rifle-Bird has been recaptured alive. It escaped on September the 6th and remained at liberty till November the 18th, when one evening it flew against the window of the rectory at Langton, being attracted by the lights. During that period many of the nights were wet and cold, and recently as many as 17° of frost have been registered ; but the bird, though somewhat thin, was well and in good plumage. This shows what Birds-of-Paradise can stand, and when provided with good food they could no doubt endure even greater cold with impunity.—Ep. | 39 [ Vol. xxii. with those of Paradisea raggiana, was found in the Moroka Mountains, at an altitude of 2000 ft. ««Three living pairs of the Rifle-Bird, P. intercedens, were brought home alive; also pairs of P. raggiana; P. lawesi, with the males in full plumage; and many pairs of D. hunsteini, all the males being in adult plumage.” Mr. Goopre.tow also made some valuable suggestions as to the best means of protecting the Birds-of-Paradise in British New Guinea. These will be submitted to the Members of the British Ornithologists’ Union on December the 10th, with a view to forwarding a memorial on the subject to the Government of Australia. Mr. H. E. Dresser exhibited some rare eggs of Palearctic birds and made the following remarks :— ‘* LAMPRONETTA (ARCTONETTA) FISCHERI, Brandt. “Two eggs out of a clutch of three taken on the 2&th of June, 1904, near Indigirka, N.E. Siberia, in 70° 20/ N. lat. The female bird was secured and preserved, and is now in the collection of Mr. Buturlin. This Duck has been found nesting in Alaska, and has been recorded as having occurred on the Chukchi Peninsula; but Mr. Buturlin informs me that this is the first record of its having nested in the Palearctic Region. ‘“‘ PHYLLOSCOPUS VIRIDANUS, Blyth. “A clutch of four eggs taken on the 28th of May, 1908, in the valley of the Irtish, Siberia, in about 57° N. lat., and sent with the parent bird. These eggs, as will be seen, differ considerably from those taken in the Himalaya by Mr. S. L. Whymper. This is the first time that I have seen authentic eggs of this Warbler from Siberia.” The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 16th of December, 1908, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are particularly Vol. xxiii. | 40 requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C., as otherwise great inconvenience is caused and the Dinner arrangements are upset. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor; also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. | ! (Signed) P. L. Sctater, W. R. Ocitviz-Grant, H. F. Wirnersy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. & Treas. ~~ BULLETIN Preilish ORNITHOLOGISTS’™ CLUB! No. CXLVII. Tue hundred and forty-sixth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 16th of December, 1908. Chairman: P. L. Scuater, F.R.S. Members present:—P. H. Baur, E. Bipwet, F. E. Buiaauw, P. F. Bunyarp, J. Gerrarp, J. M. Goopatt, E. Harrert, Ph.D., C. Ineram, G. E. Lopez, G. M. Maruews, H. Munz, O. Neumann, W. R. Ocitviz-Grant (Editor), C. Otpnam, F. G. Penrosz, M.D., Major F. W. Procror, R. H. Reap, C. B. Rickert, Hon. W. Roruscuip, Ph.D., M.P., A. D. Sarswortn, G. Scuwann, F. C. Sexous, H. F. Wiruersy (Secretary and Treasurer). Visitor :—Dr. Curupert Curisty. Mr. Boyp ALexanpeER forwarded the description of a new species of Red-winged Starling, which he proposed to call AMYDRUS NEUMANNI, Sp. 0. Amydrus rueppelli, Alexander (nec Verreaux), Bull. B. O. C. xxi. p. 16 (1908). Adult male. Similar to A. rueppelli, Verr., but the bill is shorter and much stouter; the tail longer; and the wing- coverts and secondaries, as well as the tail, strongly glossed with metallic green. Culmen 26 mm.; wing 162; tail 198, [ December 31st, 1908. ]} Vol. xxiii] 42 Hab. Petti, Northern Nigeria, 25. vii. 04. Obs. At a former meeting of the B.O.C. this species was wrongly identified by me as A. rueppelli, Verreaux. The Hon. Water Roruscuitp exhibited and described an example of a new species of Crombec, which he proposed to name SYLVIETTA NEUMANNI, Sp. 0. Adult male and female. Middle of the crown to the nape brownish-ash grey, sides of the crown to the nape, as well as a broad stripe through the lores and behind eyes, black ; super- ciliary stripe in front of and above the eyes dull greenish ; from the eyes to the sides of the neck white. Rest of the upperparts olive-green. Underparts greenish-yellow, the middle of the abdomen white and the sides of body tinged with olive. Iris dark brown; bill blackish, lower mandible yellow ; feet brownish. Culmen 14 mm. ; wing, ¢ 65, 2 59; tail 28 to 32; tarsus 24 to 26. Hab. Forest west of Lake Tanganyika, 2000 m. above the sea. Type in the Tring Museum: g. No. 3137. 8. vu. 08. Rudolf Grauer coll. Obs. The bill is rather stronger than is usual in the species of the genus Sy/lvietia. Mr. Rotuscuitp also exhibited the second known adult male example of Parotia berlepschi together with two young males and compared them with adult and young males of P. carole. He remarked that the total number of specimens of P. berlepschi known to exist in collections amounted to five, two being in the museum of Count Berlepsch and the remaining three in the Tring Museum. He pointed out that P. berlepschi had the chin, cheeks, and throat brownish-black, while in P. carole these parts were of a dirty buff colour ; the raised circular crest was black with a slight edging of white beginning behind the eye, not black broadly edged with white and margined with gold behind the eye; the hind- 43 [ Vol. xxiii. neck and upper back were brown strougly glossed with bronze, while in P. carole these parts were black and only faintly glossed with bronze; the feathers of the face round the eye were black with only an ocular ring of dark bronze, while in P. carole the whole area was golden-bronze; the side-plumes of the head were also # of an inch longer, and the side-plumes of the body showed scarcely any trace of chestnut. Dr. Harrert exhibited a specimen of a new Swift and described it as follows :— APUS ANDECOLUS DINELLII, subsp. n. Adult male. Differs from A. a. andecolus (Lafr.) from Peru and the Andes of Bolivia in having the under surface uni- form greyish-cream-colour, instead of whitish, and the sides brownish-black ; the colour of the back generally of a less deep black, and always confluent with that of the crown. The measurements of this species are the same as in A. a. andecolus. Hab. Argentine Republic : Jujuy; Mendoza. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. No. 3855. Angosta Perchela, Jujuy, 2550 m., 3. xi.05. L. Dinelli coll. Dr. Harrerr also described a new subspecies of Blue Rock-Thrush :— MonrIcoLa CYANUS TRANSCASPICUS, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Differ from M. c. cyanus (Linn.) in the paler coloration of the plumage. Hab. Transcaspia: near Tedjen, Sirax, Aschabad. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. No. 19111. Sirax. Prof. Oscar Neumann described and (with the exception of Trochocercus swynnertoni and Macrosphenus leoninus) ex- hibited examples of the following new species and subspecies of African birds :— AMADINA FASCIATA ALEXANDERI, subsp. n. Adult male. Similar to A. f. fasciata, Gmel., from the Sudan, but the entire upperside is irregularly marked with Vol. xxui.] 44, broad black subterminal bars; and the shoulder-feathers and secondary quills have a distinct black subterminal bar and a buff terminal patch. The ground-colour of the under- side is paler than in A. f. fasciata, sometimes whitish, and all the feathers below the scarlet crop-band have a rounded black subterminal marking. Adult female. Differs from the female of A. f. fasciata in the same way as the male. It differs from the male in lacking the scarlet crop-band. Hab. East Africa from North Abyssinia, through Shoa and Somaliland, to German East Africa. Intermediate specimens between the two forms seem to occur in parts of Western Abyssinia and between the White Nile and Lake Rudolf. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Waram, Hawash River, Shoa, 9.vi.03. P. Zaphiro coll. Obs. Mr. Boyd Alexander has already recognised the differences between the two forms of A. fasciata, but unfor- tunately he has renamed the true 4. fasciata as A. sudanensis [cf. Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 104 (1907)]. On examining the plate of “The Fasciated Grossbeck”’ in Brown’s ‘Illustrations of Zoology, on which Gmelin’s description is based, it will be seen that the western form is depicted. This bird ranges from Senegal, over the whole of the Sudan, to Khartum and the White Nile. EstRILDA CINDERELLA, Sp. 0. Adult male. Upperside, wings, and breast pale grey, with a rosy wash on the back and breast. Chin, upper throat, and under wing-coverts paler and more whitish; lores and a stripe behind the eye black ; rump, upper tail-coverts, and sides of the abdomen dark scarlet ; middle of the abdomen sooty black ; tail and under tail-coverts black. Bull purple (yellowish in the dry skin) at the base, black at the tip. Wing 49 mm.; tail 50. Hab. Benguella. Typein the Tring Museum: ¢. Deep Sloot, Benguella, 25.x1.05. W. J. Ansorge coll. 45 [Vol. xxiii. DIATROPURA PROGNE ANSORGEI, Subsp. n. Adult male. Differs from D. p. progne (Bodd.) from South Africa and from D. p. delamerei (Sharpe) from Kikuyu, the Naivasha Region, and Mt. Kenia in having the upper _ mandible black, the wing-coverts sandy or buff (instead of white), and the sandy or buff edges of the wing-feathers broader. The wing is also considerably longer. D. p. progne (about 40 males examined). Wing 130- 142 mm.; tail 370-440. D. p. delameret (10 males examined). Wing 132-147 mm.; tail 480-570. D. p. ansorgei (10 males examined). Wing 147-156 mm.; tail 370-420. Hab. Angola and Benguella. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Bulu-bulu, Bihé, Angola, 3.x.04. W. J. Ansorge coll. . MIRAFRA AFRICANA HARTERTI, Subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to M. a. athi, Hartert, from the Athi Plains, and M. a. dohertyi, Hartert, from Kikuyu, but both the upper- and underparts are strongly washed with rosy-buff. The bill is short, as in M. a. athi. The head is uniformly striped, and does not show the large chestnut patch on the hind crown which is so conspicuous in M. a. tropicalis, Hartert. This last-named form may further be distinguished by having the plumage of a more brown or chestnut-colour, instead of buff washed with rosy. Hab. British East Africa from South Ukamba to Teita, especially the districts of the Kiboko River and Simba Station. Type in the Tring Museum: Kiboko River, South Ukamba, 25.iv.98. W. J. Ansorge coll. GALERIDA CRISTATA ALEXANDERI, subsp. n. Galerida cristata senegallensis, Hartert (nec Mill.), Vogel d. palaarkt. Fauna, pt. i. p. 233 (1904). Adult male and female. A small form with a very small bill; with fine narrow black stripes on the throat, a rosy-buff Vol. xxiii. | 46 tinge on the upperside and a distinct wash of the same colour on the underside. Culmen 15-16 mm.; wing 98-101. Hab. Haussa Countries between Lake Chad and the Benué River. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Bautchi, 11.ix.04. Boyd Alexander coll. Obs. The true G. c. senegallensis, Mill. (of which Mr. Riggenbach has sent three specimens to the Tring- Museum), is a much darker and browner bird, with broad black stripes on the throat, and a much longer bill. This form is very similar to G. c. riggenbachi, Hartert, from South Morocco, and to G. ¢. altirostris, C. L. Brehm, from Lower Egypt. Culmen, § 19, 2? 174 mm.; wing, ¢ 99-102, OaoG: TROCHOCERCUS ALBONOTATUS SWYNNERTONI, Subsp. n. Trochocercus albonotatus, Swynnerton (nec Sharpe), Ibis, 1907, p. 70. Adult male. Similar to T. a. albonotatus, Sharpe, from the mountains near Lake Nyasa, Lakes Tanganyika and Kivu, and from Elgon, Mau, and Kikuyu, but without elongated crest-feathers. Throat and sides of the head grey (instead of black) ; tail-feathers dark grey, with the white tips less extended and not so sharply defined as in T. a. albonotatus. The white colour runs up along the shafts of the outer tail-feathers, and the shafts of these are nearly entirely white, even within the dark parts of the feathers. Wing 62-65 mm.; tail 62-72. Hab. Chirinda Forest, Gaza-land, 3800-4000 feet. Type in the British Museum: g. 12. vii.07. C.F. M. Swynnerton coll. MacrosPHENUS LEONINUS, Sp. n. Adult. Olive-green. Throat and middle of the abdomen golden-yellow. Hidden parts of the very long and fluffy rump-feathers sulphur-yellow. Culmen 20 mm.; wing 52 ; tail 25; tarsus 22. Hab. Sierra Leone, 47 [Vol. xxiii. Type in the British Museum: Rotifunk, Sierra Leone. Robin Kemp coll. Obs. The long and slender bill and the proportions of the other parts are the same as in Amaurocichla (better Macro- sphenus) kempi, Sharpe, and these two birds may eventually turn out to be male and female of one and the same species, but they are very differently coloured. Camaropteru con- color, Hartl.,is also a Macrosphenus. As in the Shrikes, all these birds have the bill distinctly hooked, a character absent in all the species of true Camaroptera and in Amaurocichla bocagei, Sharpe. CIsTICOLA SIMPLICISSIMA, Sp. 0D. Adult male. Similar to rufous specimens of C. rufa, Fraser ; but the tail-feathers are uniform dark brown, without an indication of a subterminal black bar. There is no indication of stripes on the upperparts, and the bill is very small. Culmen 7 mm.; wing 49 ; tail 47. Hab. Benguella. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Kukema River, Bihé, Angola, 8. xii.04. W. J. Ansorge coll. Prof. Neumann further exhibited the types of Pyromelana ansorgei, Hart., Penthetria hartlaubi, Cab. (nec Bocage), and Coliuspasser dubiosus, Neum., which turned out to be males of one and the same species, the two latter being in the winter-dress, while the former was in the breeding-dress. He also showed a fine specimen of Pyromelana gierowi, Cab., from North Angola, a species not yet represented in the British Museum, and the female of Pytelia ansorgei, Hartert. Of the latter species six specimens were known. The type from Toro was a very damaged specimen, so that the true coloration could not be seen. A male collected during the Ruwenzori Expedition had the upper breast olive-yellow like the upper- side, while in the female exhibited, which had been obtained by Mr. Grauer on an island in Lake Kivu, the whole underside below the white bar which borders the black throat was grey. Vol. xxiii.] 48 Mr. H. F. Wirnersy exhibited two examples of a Bull- finch collected by Mr. R. B. Woosnam on the south coast of the Caspian Sea. They were thought by him to represent an undescribed form, which he proposed to name PYRRHULA PYRRHULA CASPIcA, subsp. n. Adult male. Underparts much brighter and redder (less pink) than in any other form of Pyrrhula, and in this respect approaching P. p. rossikowi, Menzb., but even brighter. The colouring of the upperside of a purer and bluer grey than that of P. p. pyrrhula (Linn.). In size the bird is slightly larger than P. p. europea, Vieill., and considerably smaller than P. p. pyrrhula aud P. p. rossikowi. The wing in one specimen measures 87 and in the other 84 mm. No female examples of this species were obtained. Hab. South coast of the Caspian Sea. Type in the British Museum: ¢. 25.11.07. R. B. Woosnam coll. Presented by Col. A. Bailward. Mr. Wirnersy also exhibited a specimen of the Levan- tine Shearwater (Puffinus yelkouanus (Acerbi)) obtained by Mr. W. J. Clarke in the North Sea, some few miles off Scarborough, on Sept. 4, 1908. Mr. Witherby remarked that examples of this Shearwater had been obtained on seventeen or eighteen occasions off the Yorkshire coast, but only six times in any other part of the British Isles. In 1907 Mr. Clarke obtained four specimens of P. yel- kouanus and in 1908 three, all taken in September. Mr. Clarke had found the birds by going from four to eight miles out to sea in the dusk of the evening, as they were never seen near the land except after a gale. These facts seemed to point to the regular occurrence of this Mediterranean species in British waters in the autumn, and should this be proved it would form an interesting case of a bird of the Northern Hemisphere migrating north in autumn. (For details of the occurrences of P. yelkouanus, compare ‘ British Birds’ (Mag.), vol. 11. p. 206.) 49 [Vol. xxiii. Dr. C. Curisty exhibited an example of a rare African Ant-Thrush (Pitta reichenowi, Madarasz) which had been procured by him in the Chagwe Forest, north-west of Victoria-Nyanza. The occurrence of this green-breasted species of Pitta in Uganda was of interest, as hitherto it had only been recorded from Southern Cameroon and the central part of the Congo Free State. Dr. Curisty also exhibited a specimen of Eurystomus gularis, Vieill., from the same part of Uganda. This species is chiefly West African in its distribution, but had been pro- cured in Toro by Mr. F. J. Jackson (cf. ‘Ibis,’ 1906, p. 515). Dr. Scrater exhibited two specimens of Lilian’s Love- bird (Agapornis liliane) from Nyasaland, a species first described and figured by Captain Shelley (‘Ibis,’ 1894, p- 466, pl. xi.). It was subsequently met with by Mr. Alexander on the Lower Zambesi (‘ Ibis,’ 1900, p. 431), and by Dr. Stoehr in N.E. Rhodesia, near Feira (Journ. 'S. A. Orn. U. 11. p. 108), also by Mr. Neave on the Loangwa River in the same country (‘ Ibis,’ 1908, p. 186). Dr. Sclater pointed out the differences between this species and the more recently described A. nigrigenis, W. L. Sclater, from N.W. Rhodesia, which had been at first confounded with it. A considerable number of the latter species had been recently brought alive to Europe, and several well- known Aviculturists had obtained specimens of it. It had been well figured in the October number of the ‘ Avicultural Journal’ (vi. p. 318, pl., 1908), from living examples in Mr. H. D. Astley’s aviaries. Mr. P. F. Bunyarp exhibited a remarkable clutch of eggs of the Skylark (dAlauda arvensis, Linn.), in which the markings were mostly greenish and grey on a greenish- white ground; in general appearance and size the eggs resembled those of the Crested Lark (Galerida cristata, Linn.). Vol. xxiii. ] 50 The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 20th of January, 1909, at PAGANIS RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are particularly requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C., as otherwise great inconvenience is caused and the Dinner arrangements are upset, [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor; also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. | (Signed) P.L. Scrater, W.R. Oeitvir-Grant, H. F. WirHersy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. & Treas. BULLETIN BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. No. CXLVIII. Tue hundred and forty-seventh Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 20th of January, 1909. Chairman: F. G. Penrose, M.D. Members present :—E. Brpwett, 8. Boorman, C. Borrer, P. F. Bunyarp, H. E. Dresser, E. V. Eante, H. Gooncnuixp, E. Harrert, Ph.D.,G.E. Lopez, Commander H.Lynes, R.N., G. M. Matnews, J.G. Mitxats, O. Neumann, W. R. Ocitvir- Grant (Editor), C. OtpHam, W. P. Pycrarr, W. E. Renavt, C. B. Rickert, Hon. W. Rotuscurzp, Ph.D., M.P., J. Sarcent, D. Seru-Smiru, C. B. Ticznurst, M.D., N. F. Ticrnurst, F.R.C.S., A. Trevor-Barryr, H. F. Wirnersy (Secretary and Treasurer), A. F. R. Wottaston. Visitors :—Captain R. Fansnawe, F. I. Ricuarps, P. B. Smytu, D. W. M. Waitt. Mr. J. G. Mivuais exhibited two immature examples, male and female, of the hybrid between the Red Grouse (Lagopus scoticus) and the Black Grouse (Lyrurus tetriz), killed in Wales, and made the following remarks :— “Tt would be natural to suppose that species which are closely allied and which frequent the same ground would often interbreed ; but such is not the case. It is well known that Black Grouse and Capereaillie frequently interbreed, and [ February 2nd, 1909. } Vou. Cerin Iai OUi Yl WO9 Vol. xxiii] 52 there are four or more known instances of hybrids between such diverse species as the Pheasant and the Capercaillie, but crosses between Black Grouse and Red Grouse, or Red Grouse and Ptarmigan, are extremely rare. This may be accounted for by the fact that the first-named is polygamous, whilst both the Red Grouse and Ptarmigan are monogamous. Previous to the two specimens exhibited, I have only seen two examples of the cross between Black Grouse and Red Grouse, both killed in Scotland. Mr. J. A. Jones spoke to me one day concerning two Grouse which he and his son had killed at Llanerch bog, near Bala, North Wales, in August 1908. On examination they proved to be undoubted hybrids between the last-named species. Both are immature birds, male and female, and exhibit very clearly the characteristics of both parents. The back, wings, and scapulars are similar to those of the immature Black Grouse, whilst the new plumage, coming in on the breast and flanks, is like that of the “ White” form of the Red Grouse, being deep chestnut and black widely tipped with white. The feet, legs, and forked tail (in the case of the male the tail is missing) are similar to those of the larger parent. All the seven young birds in the covey were killed, and they are now in the possession of Mr. J. A. Jones, who has kindly allowed this pair to be exhibited. Neither of the parent birds. was seen. It seems a great pity that the whole covey was destroyed, for had any reached maturity they would have been very beautiful and interesting birds, quite dissimilar to the other specimens of this hybrid that I have seen. “Mr. H. E. Forrest, in ‘The Vertebrate Fauna of North Wales,’ states (p. 107) that he has seen what appears to be a hybrid between the Black and the Red Grouse in the posses- sion of Mr. Foster of Bettws-y-Coed ; the specimen was shot at Yspythy Moor on the 29th of November, 1897. Mr. Foster also procured a similar specimen on the 9th of December, 1895.” Mr. Ocitvin-Grant remarked that it was many years before he was able to obtain an example of this hybrid for the Bird- 53 [ Vol. xxiii, Gallery in the British Museum, which now possessed two adult male examples. The first, procured through the good offices of Mr. Rowland Ward, was one of a pair of adult males which had been killed at Millden, Forfarshire, on the Ist of October, 1900, by Mr. J. L. Cadwalader. The second male was presented to the American Museum of Natural History, New York. Subsequently a second adult male was presented to the British Museum by Lord Tweedmouth, but bears no particulars regarding its capture. Mr. Grant had never seen a female example of this rare hybrid, nor had he previously examined young birds, which appeared to be of very special interest. Mr. P. F. Bunyarp exhibited a large series of eggs of the Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio, Linn.) showing four distinct types, as well as extreme and modified forms and varieties. Among the latter some remarkable clutches were shown. Mr. Bunyaxrp also showed a series of eggs of the Nightin- gale (Daulias luscinia (Linn.)) and of the Garden-Warbler (Sylvia hortensis, Bechst.). Dr. C. B. Ticrnurst exhibited a female example of the Blue-headed Wagtail (Motacilla flava) in very worn breeding- plumage, the superciliary stripes, ear-coverts, and some of the feathers on the forehead being white. The bird, which appeared to be an aberration, had been killed in Kent on the 19th of June, 1908, and was accompanied by a brood of young birds. Prof. Neumann exhibited and described an example of a new subspecies of Shrike from North Angola :— HARPOLESTES AUSTRALIS ANSORGEI, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Similar to H. a. souze from Bihé and North Benguella, but the underside is brownish-olive instead of cinereous, and the chin, upper throat, and middle of the abdomen are white. The secondary-quills are entirely Vol. xxiii] BA rufous as in H. a. souze, or the black colour is only faintly indicated, and the scapulars are without black middles. The two last-named characters serve to distinguish this species from H. australis, H. emini, H. frater, H. congener, &e. Wing, 3 76-79 mm., 2? 72 mm. Hab. North Angola. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Pungo Andongo, 3.vu.03. W. J. Ansorge coll. Obs. In the three specimens available for examination the bill is not entirely black. In two it is almost horn-colour, while in the third the upper mandible and the terminal half of the lower mandible are black. Probably the colour of the bill changes at different seasons. Dr. Ernst Harrterr called attention to the differences between British and Continental examples of the Song- Thrush. He pointed out that the non-migratory race breeding in Great Britain and Ireland differed in the warmer, more rufous colour of the upper surface, especially the rump; these parts being more olive-brown, generally paler and with a faint greenish tinge, in the birds breeding on the Continent and migrating to the Mediterranean countries in winter. The underside of the British race was often more heavily spotted, and this was especially conspicuous in specimens from the Hebrides, while others from the same islands were in every way similar to English examples. or this reason Dr. Hartert did not, for the present, distinguish more than one British race, which he proposed to call TURDUS PHILOMELOS CLARKEI, subsp. n., in honour of Mr. Eagle Clarke, who had first called his attention to the dark coloration of the British race. The difference had also been noticed by Messrs. C. B. and N. F. Ticehurst, Mr. Bonhote, and other British ornitho- logists. . Type in the Trmg Museum: ¢. ‘Tring, Herts, 16. v. 02. Dr. Hartert mentioned that the correct name of the 55 [ Vol. xxiii. Song-Thrush was Turdus philomelos, the first description of 7. musicus undoubtedly referring to the Redwing ; while the name 7. iliacus was not available at all, as in the first instance it referred to three distinct species, viz. the Song-Thrush, Mistle-Thrush, and Redwing. These forms would be more fully discussed in the forthcoming part of Dr. Hartert’s book on the Palearctic Birds. The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 17th of February, 1909, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are particularly requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C., as otherwise great inconvenience is caused and the Dinner arrangements are upset. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor; also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. ] (Signed) F.G. Penroszt, W. R. Ocitvie-Grant, H. F. WirHersy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. & Treas. BULLETIN BRITISH ‘ ORNI..n1OLOGISTS’ CLUB. No. CXLIX. Tue hundred and forty-eighth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 17th of February, 1909. Chairman: E. G. B. Meavre-Watpo. Members present :—E. Bipwett, C. Borrer, 8. Boorman, P. F. Bunyarp, Capt. G. van H. Crarxe, D.S.O., Lt.-Col. S. R. Curarxe, H. E. Dresser, Guy L. Ewen, Rev. J. R. Hats, F. W. Heapitey, Commander H. Lynss, R.N., G. M. Marnews, Hon. E. S. Monracu, M.P., H. Munzt, T. H. Newman, W. R. Ocitvise-Grant (ditor), C. Ox.pnam, T. Parkin, C. E. Pearson, F. G. Penrosz, M.D., A. E. Pricz, Major F. W. Procror, R. H. Reap, C. B. Rickert, Hon. W. Roruscuitp, Ph.D., M.P., G. Scuwann, F. C. Sexous, D. Seru-SmirnH, Major H. Terry, Lieut. R. E. Vaueuan, R.N., S. J. Waite, H. F. Wirnersy (Secretary and Treasurer), A. F. R. Woxtaston. Visitors :—A. H. Borner, C. Grass, Staff-Surgeon K. H. Jones, R.N. Mr. T. Parkrn exhibited a fine adult male example of the Black-throated Thrush (Turdus atrigularis, Temm.), which had been procured at Newenden, Kent, on the 29th of January, 1909.. It was killed by a local “gunner” and brought to Mr. Bristowe, of St. Leonard’s, by whom it had _ [February 27th, 1909.] vou, Amie aS aR “% MAR 12 1909 Vol. xxiii.] 58 been forwarded, in the flesh, to Mr. Parkin for identification. Two other examples of this Asiatic species had been recorded from Great Britain [cf. Saunders, Man. Brit. Birds (2) p. 9 (1899) |. Mr. Parkin also stated that, owing to representations made to the Committee of the Wild Birds Protection Act of the County Council, the Heron (Ardea cinerea, Linn.) and its eggs were now fully protected in Sussex, throughout the year. Mr. Cuirrorp Borrer exhibited two examples of the Northern Willow-Wren (Phylloscopus trochilus eversmanni (Bonap.)) and made the following remarks :—“ I believe this species is generally supposed to occur on the spring migra- tion only. I have brought here to-night two specimens which have been examined by Dr. Ticehurst*, and are undoubtedly examples of the Northern Willow-Wren. Both were shot on the Norfolk coast, one in May 1908, and the second in September 1903. Mr. Witherby has informed me of the occurrence of a second autumn-killed individual which was obtained in October in the same locality. The latter bird is now in the collection of Mr. Connop at Wroxham. , “«T consider it highly probable that P. ¢. eversmanni is a fairly regular visitor both on the spring and autumn migrations.” Mr. W. R. Ocitvis-Grant exhibited an immature male of the hybrid between the Red Grouse and Black Grouse. The specimen had been killed on the 6th of October, 1908, by Mr. F. W. Stobart, in Glen Troot, Kireudbrightshire, where Black Grouse are extremely plentiful. It was shot during a drive when flying in company with four Red Grouse. The bird was exactly of the same type as the two adult males already in the British Museum, but, it still retained a considerable amount of the first plumage, par- * Cf. Ticehurst, Bull. B, O, C. xxiii. p. 20 (1908). 59 [Vol. xxiii, ticularly on the sides of the head and neck, where the feathers were mostly light reddish-bufft barred with black. The bill was large and rather coarse, and the basal portions of the toes were feathered as in the Red Grouse, while the terminal portions were naked and pectinate on the sides as in the Black Grouse. Mr. Stobart had kindly presented the specimen to the British Museum. Another male example of this rare hybrid had also been offered to the British Museum by Mr. G. Ashley Dodd, but had not yet been received. Mr. Ocitvre-Grant also described a new species of Nuthatch which had been procured by the Duke of Bedford’s collector in the Island of Quelpart. He proposed to name this bird SITTA BEDFORDI, sp. n. Adult male. Most nearly allied to S. amurensis, Swinh., but the upperparts are of a darker slate-grey, and the lower breast and belly are darker rufous-buff. The bill is distinctly ‘stouter and perhaps a trifle longer. Wing 3°1—3°2 inches. Hab. Quelpart Island, 8. Corea. Type in the British Museum: ¢. No. 480. 11.ix.05. M. P. Anderson coll. Oés. Four adult males were procured in August and September. All are in moult. Major F. W. Procror exhibited interesting varieties of the eggs of the following species :— A set of four eggs of the Ringed Plover (gialitis hiaticola). Very pale greenish stone-colour, with large blotches of black and underlying shell-markings of pale purple. Somerset coast. A set of four eggs of the Hawfinch (Coccothraustes cocco- thraustes). Ground-colour distinctly reddish-brown, with large blotches, scrolls, and line-markings of deep reddish- brown and underlying purplish shell-markings. Essex, May 1899. Vol. xxiii. 60 Two sets of eggs of the Sedge-Warbler (Acrocephalus phragmitis) :— ; (1) A set of five eggs with white ground, black streaks and mottled markings of light brown. Berks. (2) A set of four eggs with pale greenish-white ground marked and spotted with darker greenish-brown, and with shell-markings of pale purplish-blue. Berks. A set of three bright blue eggs of the Nightingale (Daulias luscinia) : two eggs almost unmarked, the third with faint reddish freckles. Taken on the bauks of the Guadalquiver, im §. Spain, May 12th, 1906. The bird was seen on the nest. A set of seven"beautiful eggs of the Magpie (Pica pica) Ground-colour bright green with greenish-brown markings, The clutch contained two eggs of the Great Spotted Cuckoo (Coccystes glandarius) of very different types, and obviously laid by different individuals. Near Céria del Rio, S. Spain, April 28th, 1906. All these eggs were taken by the exhibitor. Mr. P. F. Bunyarp exhibited a curious mottled semi- albino example of the Greenfinch (Chloris chloris), which he had presented to the Tring Museum. Mr. H. E. Dresser exhibited two examples (male and female in full breeding-dress) and an egg of the very rare Wader known as Pseudoscolopax taczanowskii (Verr.), and made the following remarks :— “‘T am glad to be able to exhibit a pair of this rare bird, known as the Siberian Snipe-billed Sandpiper (ef. Seebohm, Monogr. Charadriide, p. 399), which I have recently re- ceived from Mr. 8, A. Buturlin. They were obtained near the small town of Tara in the Tobolsk Government, Western Siberia, on the 25th of May, 1908. Tara is on the left bank of the Irtysh River, about 200 miles below Omsk. Two local sportsmen were in a boat on the river, when they saw two Waders, one of which was probing in the mud like a Snipe. From their rusty-red plumage they were: 61 [Vol. xxiii. mistaken for Bar-tailed Godwits. They were very tame, and one of the gentlemen had no difficulty in killing both at one shot. He brought them to Mr. Ushakov, a corre- spondent of Mr. Buturlin’s, who skinned them and found in the female a fully coloured egg ready for exclusion. This is of special interest, as the egg was hitherto unknown. Mr. Ushakov saw that the birds were not Godwits, but aberrant Snipe, and with the assistance of Mr. Buturlin’s . ‘Synoptical Table of the Birds of the Russian Empire’ (published in Russian) managed to identify them, subse- quently forwarding them to Mr. Buturlin. The egg having been photographed was put aside, but unfortunately it was seriously damaged by a mouse. [I am now in correspondence with Mr. Ushakov, and hope to receive additional eggs of this rare species.” The Meeting of the Cluh to be held in April will be devoted to a show of lantern-slides; and those who wish to exhibit are requested to inform the Editor of their intention to do so as soon as possible. The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 17th of March, 1909, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are particularly requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C., as otherwise great inconvenience is caused and the Dinner arrangements are upset. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor; also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. ] (Signed) E.G.B.Mrapr-Waxpo, W.R.Oerivie-Grant, H.F.WirHersy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. & Treas. BULLETIN BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. No. Ch. Tue hundred and forty-ninth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.., on Wednesday, the 17th of March, 1909. Chairman: E. G. B. Meavre-Watpo. Members present:—E. Browett, 8. Boorman, C. D. Borrer, P. F. Bunyarp, H. E. Dresser, H. J. Etwes, Guy L. Ewen, H. W. Finurnson, J. M. Goonatt, C. Ineram, G. E. Loner, G. A. Macmituan, W. E. F. Mac- MILLAN, H. Munt, F. MenreituH Ocitvis, W. R. Ocitvir- Grant (/ditor),C. Otpuam, C. E. Pearson, F. G. Penrose, M.D., A. E. Price, C. B. Rickert, J. Sarcent, G. Scuwann, H. Scuwann, F. C. Serous, D. Sers-Smiru, C. B. Tice- Hurst, M.D., A. F. R. Woxtaston. Visitor :—J. Matuer. Mr. F. Menrerru Oettvie exhibited a Golden-eye which was believed to be an immature male of Clangula islandica (Gmel.), and made the following remarks :— “This specimen, an immature male killed on the River Alde, Suffolk, on February the Ist, 1908, was brought me in the flesh. The bird differs in several imp6rfal [March 31st, 1909. | VOL. XIII. APR j SUH fp 0: t ri Vol. xxiii.] 64. particulars from any young male of the Common Golden- eye that I have previously handled :— “1. It is larger than Clangula glaucion (Linn.) in all its measurements. “2. The head is unusually ‘ bushy.’ “3. The black feathers appearing among the brown on the cheeks, chin, and upper neck have a slight metallic gloss, which is purple rather than green. “4, The bill is rather short, stout, and very deep at the base. “These points are in favour of the specimen being referred to C. zslandica rather than to C. glaucion. ‘“ Against this supposition we have the shape of the patch below the eye. It is somewhat uncertain what shape this patch would have assumed when completely defined ; but at present it seems more comparable to the oval or rounded patch in the adult male of C. glaucion than to the crescentric white patch between the bill and the eye observed in C. islandica. “Tt has always surprised me that Barrow’s Golden-eye has never been recorded in Great Britain. If it occurs at all, it might reasonably be expected that the immature birds would far outnumber the adults—perhaps ten young to one adult, or some such proportion. ‘In immature plumage this species is admittedly very difficult to distinguish from our Common Golden-eye, the size and the shape of the dz// being the points on which most stress is laid for differential diagnosis *. «* Among the skins of C. islandica in the British Museum (Natural History) there are plenty of adult males and females, but no immature males ; and I have been unable to examine skins in this stage of plumage elsewhere.” Mr. Ocitviz-Grant remarked that in company with * In my series of immature males of C’ glaucion the upper mandible az at the base measures 2 cm, in depth; in the present immature specimen it measures 2°3 cm. 65 [Vol. xxiii. Mr. F. M. Ogilvie he had compared the above specimen with the series of C. islandica in the British Museum, and that he was certainly of opinion that it was an immature male of that species. The greater depth of the upper mandible at the forehead and the abrupt manner of its descent, the larger measurement of the wing, and the purple gloss on some of the feathers of the throat, all seemed clearly to indicate that the bird was not an immature example of C. glaucion. The patch below the eye, though more rounded like that of C. glaucion, was at present only partially defined and did not seem to afford any reliable evidence. Mr. C. Ineram exhibited and described a new species of Hemipode from Yule Island, British New Guinea :— TURNIX HORSBRUGHI, sp. nN. Adult female. Most nearly allied to 7. maculosa, Temm., but conspicuously smaller and darker. It resembles that species in having a distinct chestnut-red nuchal collar, but approaches 7’. saturata, Forbes, in the deep rufous colour of the underparts. The dark chestnut-red of the hind-neck extends down the sides of the breast (concealed by the closed wings); but there is very little of this colour visible among the mottlings of the back, as is usually the case in T. maculosa. Culmen 0°5 inch; wing 2°9; tail 1:2; tarsus 0°8. Hab. Yule Island, British New Guinea. This bird is named in honour of Mr. C. B. Horsbrugh, who assisted Mr. W. Stalker in making a collection of birds in British New Guinea. Mr. C. E. Hertimayr sent descriptions of three new species and subspecies of South American birds, which he proposed to call :— FoRMICLVORA MELANOGASTRA BAHIA, Subsp. n. Myjiothera superciliaris, Wied (nec Licht.), Beitr. Naturg. Brasil. 3, il. p. 1072 (1831, ‘“‘im Sertong der Provinz Bahia”’). Vol. xxiii. | 66 Adult male. Differs from F. m. melanogastra, Pelz., from Goyaz (two specimens examined, including the type) in its slightly smaller size, somewhat more slender bill, and in having the flanks white (instead of sooty-black as in the typical race). Moreover, on the sides of the neck there is a distinct white stripe, more or less confluent with the white of the flanks and separating the colour of the back from the black underparts, and the white streak along the outer web of the third rectrix is altogether absent. Culmen 13 mm.; wing 51; tail 53. Adult female. Similar in coloration to that of F. m. melano- gastra (four specimens examined), but rather smaller and with the white markings on the tail-feathers more restricted. Culmen 15 mm. ; wing 51; tail 54-55. Hab. Interior of the State of Bahia, Eastern Brazil : Samario (Robert) ; Joazeiro, Barra, on the Rio Sao Fran- cisco (Garbe). Type in the Tring Museum: No. 1681, g. Samarfo, Bahia, 800 metr., 28. vi.03. Collected by A. Robert. DENDROCOLAPTES HOFFMANNSI, Sp. n. Adult male. Nearest to D. c. certhia (Bodd.), from the Guianas and Venezuela, but the crown and occiput are washed with cinnamomeous, and the back as well as the upper wing- coverts are uniform olivaceous-brown, without any dusky cross-bands ; the feathers of the throat and fore-neck, instead of being cross-banded as in D. c. certhia and D. c. radiolatus, Scl. & Salv., of Upper Amazonia and the Rio Negro, show a strongly defined longitudinal central streak of buff, bordered laterally by a number of rather indistinct minute dusky dots. Bill much more slender, compressed and blackish; under mandible paler (not dark reddish). Wing decidedly longer. Culmen 36 mm. ; wing 140; tail 120. Hab. Calamaand Allianea, right bank of the Rio Madeira, Central Brazil. Type in the Tring Museum: No. 128, ¢. Calama, Rio Madeira, 29. vi.07. “Collected by the late Mr. W. Hoffmanns. = 4 iy i eo i meses 67 [Vol. xxii. PICUMNUS OLIVACEUS HARTERTI, subsp. n. P. 0. granadensis, Hartert (nec Lafr.), Nov. Zool. ix. p. 606 (1902: Western Ecuador). Adult male. Similar to P. 0. flavotinctus, Ridgw., from Costa Rica and Chiriqui, and, like that species, has the back dull brownish-olive, the edges of the quills olive-yellow, and the breast and belly pale yellowish with distinct dusky shaft- stripes, but differs in having the chest strongly washed with brownish as in P. o. olivaceus, Lafr., from Bogota. In the adult males the feathers of the crown are tipped with cadmium-yellow (dull orange in P. o. jlavotinctus, scarlet in P. o. olivaceus), Wing 54 mm.; tail 30}. Hab. Western Ecuador: Nanegal, Babahoyo (Fraser) ; Chimbo (Stolzmann, Rosenberg) ; Yaguachi (Stolzmann) ; Vinces (Festa); S. Domingo (Goodfellow and Hamilton) ; Paramba, Pambilar (Miketta and Flemming). Type in the Tring Museum: No. 650, ¢. Paramba, N.W. Ecuador, 22. xi. 99. Obs. P.o. granadensis, Lafr., with which the new form has often been confounded, may be at once distinguished by its clear olive-grey upperparts (without any brownish tinge) and by its nearly uniform creamy-white under surface with only a few narrow dusky streaks on the flanks. The tips of the feathers of the crown are chrome-yellow (Ridgw. Nomencl. pl. vi. fig. 8), even paler than in P. 0. hartertt. The Tring Museum possesses a series of P. 0. granadensis from Western Colombia: Primavera, San Isidro, Media Luna (Raap), Rio Dagua (Rosenberg) ; and the British Museum has two specimens from Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Mr. W. R. Ocitvie-Grant exhibited a new species of Fruit- Pigeon procured by Dr. J. J. Vassalat Nhatrang, in Annam, and described it as follows :— CRrocoPUS ANNAMENSIS, SP. 0. Crocopus viridifrons, Salvad. (nec Blyth) Cat. Birds B. M. xxi. p. 28 (1893) [specimen h']. Adult. Similar to C. phenicopterus (Lath.), but the hind- neck is dull brownish-olive, and the fore-neck and chest dull Vol. xxii. | 68 olive, whereas in C. phenicopterus these parts are golden yellow; most of the lesser wing-coverts are vinaceous, forming a large patch on either shoulder. Wing 7:0 inches ; tail 4°5. Hab. Annam. Obs. Four specimens of this very distinct Fruit-Pigeon were procured by Dr. Vassal in the neighbourhood of Nhatrang in the months of July and August. There isan example of this species in the British Museum sent by M. E. Pierre from Cochin China. This specimen was referred to C. viridifrons by Count Salvadori. The next Meeting of the Club, which will be held on WEDNESDAY, the 21st of APRIL, 1909, at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., will be devoted to a show of lantern-slides. The Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. The Members are reminded that those anxious to exhibit slides are requested to inform the Editor of their intention to do so without delay and to forward a list of subjects. (Signed) E. G. B. Meapr-Wa.po, W. R. Ocitviz-Grant, Chairman. Editor. BULLETIN OF THE me ISH “ORNITHOLOGISTS®* “CLUS: No. CLI. Tne hundred and fiftieth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 21st of April, 1909. Chairman: P. L. Sctater, F.R.S. Members present:—P. H. Baur, M.B., J. C. Baker, W. Bickerton, E. Browett, C. Borrer, J. Rost Braprorp, M.D., F.R.S., C. M. Buckuey, P. F. Bunyarp, F. Curtis, K. J. A. Davis, H. E. Dresser, F. D. Drewirt, M.D., E. V. Earte, Rev. Attan Exxison, G. L. Ewen, Capt. S. S. Frower, F. W. Fronawrk, F. D. Gopman, F.R.S., J. M. Goopatt, H. Goopcniitp, Cotitinewoop Ineram, J. E. H. Kexso, M.B., G. E. Lover, Lord Lucas, Comm. H. Lynes, R.N., G. M. Maruews, E. G. B. Meapr-Watpo, Hon. E. S. Monracu, M.P., H. Mun, T. H. Newman, W. R. Ocitvir-Grant (Fditor), C. OtpHam, C. E. PEarson, W. J. A. Prayer, H. L. Popnam, Major F. W. Procror, W. P. Pycrarr, R. H. Reap, H. W. Ricumonp, C. B. Rickert, J. Sarcent, W. RavciiFre Saunperg G. Scuwann, H. Scuwann, D. Sers-Smirn, F. Saarman, R. Bowpier Snarre, LL.D., J. Srarzs, N. F. Ticenurst, Fy jan "Hip [ May 7th, 1909. ] VOL. ee ‘ AY 22 190 ay Ae ee Vol. xxiii. | 70 A. B. Trevor-Barryz, H. M. Watts, 8. J. Warts, C. J. Wiutson, H. ¥. Wiruersy (Secretary & Treasurer). Guests of the Club:—Bunrixy Berruam, R. B. Lopes, ‘Ouiver G. Pix. Visitors :—J. L. AnstrutuEer, C. Cuuss, Sir Saviie Crosstey, Bart., L. W. Croucu, Marquis oF DUFFERIN AND Ava, L. A. Dunn, C. E. Facan, W. B. Fry, J. Hamitton, S. F. Harmer, F.R.S., E. Honuts, Major B. R. Horsprven, H. E. Howarp, Cuartes Incram, Sir Witiiam IneRaM, Bart., Guy A. K. Marsnaun, R. O. Marnews, G. Meape- Waxpo, T. Miturr, Hon. W. Powys, Crrit Ruopzs, EH. F. DE Rovcsemont, C. Russrtz, S. J. Scorr, W. H. Surra, W. P. C. Tenison, T. WELts. Dr. Scuarer gave a short account of his visit to Jamaica, where he had spent the two preceding months in order to escape the severity of the English winter. In this island, of perpetual verdure and charming scenery, birds, he regretted to say, were scarce, and, it was feared, would become still more so in consequence of the ravages of the Mongoose, which had been unwisely introduced from India in order to keep down the rats. After thinning off the rats, these animals had taken to destroying poultry and ground- frequenting birds. Quails (Ortyx virginianus) and Guinea- fowls (Numida meleagris), which formerly afforded good shooting in many districts of Jamaica, had now quite dis- appeared, and even the little Tody (Todus viridis) seemed to be much less abundant than in former days. The most numerous bird to be seen in Jamaica was the Red-headed American Vulture (Cathartes aura), which was in attendance as scavenger at the kitchen middens in all towns and villages. This bird had a most graceful and pleasing flight, somewhat like that of the Black Kite, and might be seen swooping about the houses and gardens at all hours of the day. It bred in the rocky caves in the mountains, and a nest containing two young ones, appa- rently about three weeks old, had been visited on March the 71 [ Vol. xxiii. 15th near Montpelier. The nestlings were uniformly clothed with white down, but the black wing-feathers were just sprouting. There was no sort of nesting-material in the cavity. Other birds commonly seen in the gardens and near the houses were the Tinkling Grakle (Quiscalus crassi- rostris), the Banana-bird (Icterus leucopteryx), the Antillean Mocking-bird (Mimus orpheus), the Ani (Crotophaga ani), and two species of Grass-quit (Phonipara). Examples of all the three Jamaican Humming-birds had been observed, the Long-tailed Polytmus (Aithurus polytmus) being, perhaps, the most common, The only collection of native birds in Jamaica was that of the Jamaica Institute, which had been arranged by the late Sir Edward Newton when Colonial Seeretary. Since the earthquake of 1903, which had destroyed the building, the Library and Museum of the Institute had been removed into temporary quarters, and the details: of the rebuilding had not yet been settled. The Collection sadly required renovation and repair, but not much could be done until a new house had been provided. Amongst the mounted specimens in the Collection, Dr. Sclater had remarked Jamaican examples of the Cedar- bird (Ampelis cedrorum), which is an occasional visitor in severe winters, and of the Thick-billed Greenlet (Laletes osburni), a little-known form peculiar to Jamaica. The only ornithologist now in Jamaica, so far as could be ascertained after many diligent enquiries, was Mr. H. E. Attewell, of 86 Orange Street, Kingston, who had a small collection of living birds, and had written an interesting account of the breeding of the Tody (Todus viridis) in the ‘ Avicultural Magazine’ [v. p. 339 (1907) ]. Dr. Sciater exhibited two specimens of the eggs of Todus viridis obtained by Mr. Attewell, also a nest and egg of the Palm-Swift (Cypselus phenicobius) taken from a cocoa-nut palm in the garden of Mr. F. B. Sturridge, of Union Hill, Moneague, and kindly presented to him by that gentleman. Vol. xxili.] 72 Mr. W. R. Oeitviz-Grant contributed descriptions of three new species of birds from West Australia. These formed part of a large and extremely valuable collection of birds which had recently been presented to the British Museum by Mr. W. E. Balston. The specimens had been collected by Mr. G. C. Shortridge. MALURUS BERNIERI, Sp. 0. Adult male. Nearly allied to M. assimilis, North, but the feathers round the eye and the ear-coverts are bright purplish-blue (not bright cobalt-blue) and contrast but little with the darker purple-blue colour of the crown, which is the same in both species. Bill black. Wing 1°8 inch. Adult female. Indistinguishable from the female of M. lam- berti. Iris dark brown; bill light chestnut; legs dark cinnamon-brown. Hab. Bernier Island, Carnarvon, W. Australia. SERICORNIS BALSTONI, Sp. 0. Adult male and female (in worn plumage). General colour above, including the sides of the head, pale greyish-brown, almost drab. A distinct white superciliary stripe narrowly edged above with brownish-black, and extending from the lores to behind the eyes ; lores blackish in the male, whitish in the female. Underparts white, the throat- and breast- feathers with brownish-black shaft-streaks; sides of the belly and flanks slightly washed with buff; quills brownish with pale margins to the outer webs; wing-coverts blackish-brown, margined with white when freshly moulted ; under wing-coverts white; tail-feathers dark grey, with a black subterminal band and tipped with white. Iris yellowish-white; bill pinkish-cinnamon-brown, darker along the culmen ; legs pinkish-cinnamon. Male. Total length ca. 4°4 inches ; culmen from gape 0°65 ; wing 2°05; tail 1°8; tarsus 0°8. Female.. Total length ca. 4-2 inches; culmen from gape 0°6; wing 1°85; tail 1°65 ; tarsus 0°78. Hab. Bernier Island, Carnarvon, W. Australia. 73 | Vol. xxiii. GEOPELIA SHORTRIDGEI, Sp. Nn. Adult male. Most nearly allied to G. tranquilla, Gould, but smaller. It resembles that species in the general colora- tion of the underparts and in having the fore-neck and chest narrowly barred with black. The forehead and crown are grey, the occiput rufous, the feathers of the back and wings largely washed with the same rufous colour; most of the inner wing-coverts and scapulars have a more or less irregular whitish or buff spot near the extremity of either web, and the upper tail-coverts are brownish-grey, without dusky terminal bars. From G. cuneata (Lath.), which the present species resembles in its smaller size, it may be at once distinguished by the transverse blackish lines on the fore-neck and chest and by the pinkish wash on the breast. It further some- what resembles that species in the light spotting on the wing-coverts and scapulars. The under wing-coverts as well as the inner webs of the quills are mostly rufous-chestnut, the former being charac- teristic of G. tranquilla ; the latter of G. cuneata, which has the under wing-coverts grey. Iris pale yellow ; orbital skin dull orange ; bill dark slate tinged with magenta; legs flesh-colour, feet pink, claws light slate-colour. Total length 8:0 inches; wing (imperfect) ca. 40; tail 4:1, tarsus 0°6. Hab. Carnarvon, W. Australia. Obs. As will be seen from reading the description, this bird is intermediate in many respects between G. tranquilla and G. cuneata, and may prove to be a hybrid between those two species. Mr. Ocitvre-Grant also described the following new species from the collection of birds in the British Museum :— ACANTHIZA LEIGHI, Sp. n. Adult. Most nearly allied to A. chrysorrhoa (Q. & G.), but differs in having the underparts white, washed with pale yellow (instead of buff), especially on the sides and flanks (much as Vol. xxiii. | 74: in Phylloscopus rufus) ; wader tail-coverts pale bright yellow, but less bright than the upper tail-coverts. Wing 2°28- 2°35 inches ; tail 1:6; tarsus 0°65-0°7. Hab. Lithgow, New South Wales. Obs. Two examples of this species were presented to the British Museum in 1903 by Lord Leigh, who was at that time Governor of New South Wales. The species has been named in his honour. Mr. Boyp AexanpEr forwarded the following descrip- tion of a new species of Parrot from Princes Island, West Africa:— PsITTACUS PRINCEPS, Sp. 0. Adult male and female. Similar to P. erithacus, Linn., but larger and darker. Entire upper- and underparts very dark grey, almost blackish; feathers, especially of the under- parts, edged with dark blue, giving the bird when viewed in certain lights the appearance of being strongly washed with inky blue. Male. Wing 235-238 mm.; tail 100-114. Female. Wing 230-235 mm.; tail 105. . Hab. Princes Island, W. Africa. The following lantern-slides were then exhibited :— By Mr. P. H. Baur :— I. Ospreys (Pandion haliaétus) from a series taken on Long Island, U.S. America, in July 1903, where the species nests in large colonies. In the present instance the colony numbered from 150 to 200 pairs. 1. Osprey above its nest in a tree, balancing itself on a branch while grasping a large fish. 2, Nest on a rock out at sea, showing also in the back- ground the male bird perched on the stake of a tishing-net, whence he poached the imprisoned fish. 3. A large nest on the ground nearly 5 feet in height, and added to from year to year, the whole pile being a collection of rubbish. This situation had 75 [Vol. xxiii. been chosen since tle Osprey has been so effectively protected. 4. Old Osprey sheltering its young from the heat. The parent birds would commonly fly out to sea, dip their wings into the water, and return to spray their panting young. 5. Fully fledged young just before flight. Though looking so fierce they have really no idea of self- protection save by scratching with their sharp talons. 6. Young on the nest with wings spread and ruffled plumage, in an attitude of defiance, attempting to scare away the intruder. 7. The old bird descending on to its nest from a great height, showing how every muscle is strained to check the impetus. 8. The old bird again returning, but this time in a hori- zontal direction, showing the expanse of the wings, the long legs, and powerful talons. 9. Folding wings on alighting on the side of the nest ; the tail is raised in order to preserve the bird’s balance. 10. The male bird returning to the nest holding a small fish in its left foot. Large fish were always carried head foremost, to decrease the resistance to the air. One might frequently see the bird changing a fish from one foot to the other during flight. The young did not seem at all anxious to he fed, but would sit for hours contemplating their meal, while it dried and shrivelled in the sun. 11. Attitude as the bird swerves on seeing the camera. 12. A remarkable position: bird returning at a great speed to settle on a dead bough above the nest. The whole body is thrown back, the tail depressed, the pinions of both wings upturned, and the long legs with large talons outspread, seemingly occupying an area nearly as large as the bird itself. 13. Bird soaring above its nest which was placed in a tree, and showing the situation of other nests on the margins of the mighty pile. In this instance there Vol. xxiii.] 76 were two nests of Grackles and one of the inevitable English Sparrow. 14, Nearer view of the nest, plainly showing the old bird and the differently marked pencilled plumage of the young. 15. Showing the old bird calling with its crest raised as a neighbour swerves past. II. Skimmers or Scissor-bills (Rhynchops nigra), a common species inhabiting the west coast of Tropical South America, and also extending to the southern parts of the United States. 1, A nest containing two eggs and one young bird—the eggs being plainly visible, whereas the young bird is invisible by reason of its protective plumage, resembling the surrounding sand. 2. Skimmer, front view. The pointed bill being directed straight towards the camera, its peculiarities are not seen. 3. Skimmer on its nest, half front view, showing the inequality in length of the upper and lower mandibles. 4. Skimmer disturbed, about to leave the nest. Here the protruding lower mandible is quite 12 in. longer than the upper. One young bird is newly hatched, and an egg may be seen protruding from beneath the mother’s breast feathers. 5. Skimmer about to take flight, showing the anxious expression in her eye, the open bill, and raised wings and tail. The chick is now seen in profile, showing that when it is newly hatched the mandibles are of equal length. 6. Skimmer feeding. As it flies swiftly along against the incoming tide, the lower mandible cleaves the water and acts as a plough. Photographs of this performance are very hard to obtain, as the bird only begins to feed at dusk. 7. Skimmers in flight, showing the normal position of the bill. 77 [Vol. xxiii. By Mr. W. Bickerton :— A very remarkable and highly artistic series of slides showing the nesting haunts and habits of the five species of Terns which nest in the British Isles. Mr. Bickerton explained that he had made a special photographic study of the Tern-family, and that the slides in question represented the results obtained during four successive years. Those of the Roseate Tern were of special interest, inasmuch as they were the first and only series of slides of this species ever taken within the British Isles. Many of the slides illustrated the beautiful pose of the birds’ wings when fully expanded just at the moment of alighting on the ground after flight, and were much admired by the audience. The element of comedy, too, was not lacking, for the last seven slides portrayed a most comical “ passage of arms ” between a Rabbit and a pair of Arctic Terns, which had made their nest near the entrance to the Rabbit’s burrow. I. Sanpwica Tern. (Sterna cantiaca.) 1. Group of ten nests on the slope of a bare sand-hill. 2. Group of birds settling on their nests among long grass, after being disturbed. 3. Group of birds nesting round the summit of a sand- hill; one bird being shown in the act of stretching itself. . A young bird and an unhatched egg. . Female about to settle on its nest. . Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus) and Sandwich Tern at their nests built within 21 inches of one another. o> Ol I]. Lirrie on Lesser Tern. (Sterna minuta.) 1. Nest on loose shifting sand. 2. Nest among broken sliells. 3. Bird stepping on to her eggs. Volexxi-] 78 4. The same bird settling down. 5. 6. The same bird tucking the eggs under her feathers. The same bird settled on her nest. III. Common Tern. (Sterna fluviatilis.) ibs (S) OND TH A rather bulky nest, which was made of dried grass and placed among grass. . Nest on the soft sand, where the footprints of the birds were easily visible. . Nest among loose and dead fir-twigs. Male escorting the female to the nest. A full-face portrait. Securing her balance. “The white sails of the Sea-S wallow.” “The beauty of white wings.” . “The poetry of pose.” IV. Roszats Tern. (Sterna dougalli.) al; 2. . Ditto—several bones forming part of the nesting- 8. $)- 10. -13. Roseate Tern alighting on a point of rock above 11 14. . Roseate Tern “ crarking . Full-length view of Roseate Tern standing on a Portion of the sea-cliff near the summit of which three pairs of Roseate Terns nested. Nest and egg in a cleft of rock. materials. ” at an intruder. point of rock. . Three-quarter view of the same bird. . Female Tern running down a slope of rock to hier nest. The same bird about to settle on her nest. Showing the sitting bird panting from the heat. A full-face portrait. her nest. A tremendous struggle to gain a foothold. / 79 [Vol. xxiii. V. Arctic Tern. (Sterna macrura.) i? 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Showing a nest placed among grass and made of grass. Showing a nest containing a bird’s skull, which had been used as a part of the nesting-materials. Nest made among rock-débris. Eggs laid on a wisp of straw. Nest made of rabbit “ buttons.” Showing the bird which used such strange materials sitting on her nest. 7 & 8. The same bird alighting at her nest. 9. 10. ae 12. 13. 14. Auother bird alighting at her nest—posterior view. Female about to settle on her nest containing a newly-hatched bird. The same bird carrying away the empty egg-shell. Both parent birds at the nest with the chick. Ditto, showing the chick receiving its first fish. Its second fish. VI. A Biv or Brrv-Comepy. Arctic Tern sitting on its nest just outside a rabbit- burrow. * Bunny ” appears—* Doorstep gossips.” . “A soothing conversation.” ‘* Strained relations.” ‘ Bunny ” ready to bolt. “ Not on speaking terms.” “ Mistress Tern screams for her husband.” “The husband’s revenge !”’ By Mr. Benriey Breetnam :— The following instructive series of slides were shown :— 1. A Gannet (Sula bassana) on its nest, showing a drop of pale yellow oily fluid hanging from the lower mandible. This fluid appears to be the accom- paniment of anger, or strong emotion of any kind, Vol. xxiii.] | 80 and it was suggested that it might be homologous with the oil ejected by Petrels. 2 & 3. The same bird about to leave its nesting-ledge, with the wings raised preparatory to flight. Atten- tion was called to the fact that though the wings were almost fully raised the primary quills still remained almost closed, 4&5. The same bird flying past, the primary quills being in perfect lime with the secondaries and the feet extended beneath the tail. When sweeping up to its nest on the ledge of the cliff the Gannet depresses and extends its tail to the utmost (No. 5), momentarily throwing its whole body into a nearly vertical position, and thus offering the greatest possible resistance to the air. 6. The bird in the act of landing on its nest, its wings high above its head. 7. A slide taken a moment later than the last, showing that, despite the use of the ‘ brakes ” illustrated in No. 5, the bird still retained sufficient momentum to throw it forward on to its breast and wings. In this position the tail was raised and extended to the utmost to counteract the impact. 8. A Gannet sitting on its nest in a state of great rage. 9-11. An adult Heron (Ardea cinerea) at her nest in an oak, illustrating first the great length of this bird’s neck and legs; and then, how when covering her eggs the legs are completely tucked out of sight beneath her, and her neck folded down between her shoulders. The young of this species appear to be quite unable to recognise their parents; for each time an old bird returns to the colony laden with food all the nestlings become wildly excited until the food has been given by the parent to his or her own offspring. 81 [Vol. xxiii. 12-14. Showing a young Heron standing outside the nest in a state of great expectation, but finally doomed to disappointment. Even the old birds do not appear to be very certain of their own young, for it was noticed that three young Herons on taking fright flew from their own nest into that of a neighbour which already contained four nestlings. The owners of the invaded nest apparently made no distinction, but indiscriminately fed the seven hungry youngsters. 15-16. Nest of Little Grebe(Podicipes fluviatilis), showing how conspicuous the eggs are when uncovered. The old birds of this species when approaching the nest, instead of swimming on the surface of the water, dive at the nearest patch of cover and travel under water until they reach the nest. Even then when rising to the surface they only protrude their head, and in that position remain motionless until satisfied that all is quiet. 17. The same bird scrambling on board her floating nest. 18 & 19. She uncovers her eggs and, having placed the covering reeds on the sides of the nest, sits down. 20 & 21. A Golden Plover (Charadrius pluvialis) on her nest, illustrating the protective coloration of the bird’s plumage. 22. A young Fulmar Petrel (Fulmarus glacialis) on its nesting-ledge. 23 & 24. The same bird preparing to “ spit,’’ with wings extended, body depressed, and head held upwards. It was mentioned in connection with this habit of ‘spitting ’ that, although the first few ejections are more or less composed of oil, the later ones consist simply of partially digested food from the stomach, and possess an indescribably disgusting odour. The distance to which these birds can “spit” has been greatly exaggerated ; probably 3 to 4 feet is the extent of their effective horizontal Vol. xxiil.] 82 range, but within that radius their aim is good. The supply of evil-smelling ammunition seems to be inexhaustible. 25 & 26. A Fulmar in full flight turning to look at the 29. 30. dl. intruder, it being again noticed (as in the case of the Gannet) that the tail is depressed and expanded into a perfectly shaped fan, in order to lessen the speed while passing. A frequent device adopted by birds for temporarily lessening their speed, whilst gliding past some object they wish to scrutinize, is the lowering and expanding of the feet. . In the case of a Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) the feet were shown to be used for quite another purpose during flight, namely, that of acting as an auxiliary steering apparatus. When used solely for this purpose, as a rule one foot only is employed at a time, and is thrust out fully expanded on the side to which the bird wishes to turn. . A native of St. Kilda in the act of catching a Puffin (Fratercula arctica). An intruding Puffin on the edge of a rock already reserved and occupied by the owners of three neighbouring burrows. The picture plainly shows the haughty resentment on the part of the original tenants, and the grave doubts as to his reception on the part of the intruder. Showing the intruder gone and a much pleasanter expression on the faces of the rightful owners. It was also to be noted in this slide that two of the birds were comfortably sitting on their tarsi, though their bodies were not held so vertically as is characteristic of the other Auks. A group of Puffins on the top of a cliff, and a bird just swooping down to alight. Here, again, the lowered aud fully expanded feet, acting as brakes, were conspicuous, while the former remarks about the expansion of the wings (Nos. 2 & 3) were borne out by a bird about to take flight. 83 [Vol. xxiii. By Mr. H. Leysorne Pornam :— An interesting series of slides, those of the Avocet and Great Black-backed Gull being perhaps the most successful :— 1. Guillemots (Uria troile) and Kittiwakes (Rissa tri- dactyla) on a cliff at Little Skellig, Ireland. 2. Nest and eggs of Herring-Gull (Larus argentatus). 8. Common Tern (Slerna fluviatilis) sitting on its nest. 4. Arctic Tern (Sterna macrura) alighting, with its wings raised. 5. Ditto, sitting on its nest. 6. Little Tern (Sterna minuta) sitting on its nest. 7. Group of Sandwich Terns (Sterna cantiaca) on their nests. 8. Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) approaching its nest. 9. Ditto, on its nest. 10. Redshank (Totanus calidris) on its nest. 11. Kentish Plover (4gialitis alewandrina) approaching its eggs. 12. Ditto, sitting on its eggs. 13. Avocet (Recurvirostra avocetta) stepping on to its nest. 14. Ditto, sitting on its nest. 15. Pair of young Avocets crouching. 16. Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa) rising from its nest. 17. Ringed Plover (Agialitis hiaticula) sitting on its nest. 18-23. Six views of the Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus) approaching its nest and sitting on its eggs, including one photograph showing both birds at the nest. By Mr. R. B. Loner :— 1. Spoonbill (Platalea leucerodia) standing on its nest. Holland, May 1908. 2. Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea) sitting on its nest. Holland, May 1908. 3. Nest of Savi’s Warbler (Locustella luscinioides) con- taining five eggs. Holland, May 1908. Vol. xxiii. | 84 The following slides were among the results of Mr. Lodge’s visit to the Carpathian Mountains during September 1908, when he spent nine days concealed in the crack of a rock on the summit of the Retyezat. A horse which had been killed as bait was placed within ten yards of his hiding-place :— 4 & 5. Ravens (Corvus corax); the first birds to arrive 6. at the carcase. An Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), which appeared on the second day. 7-13. An immature Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaétus), which kept at bay a party of Griffon Vultures anxious to join in the feast. 14-23. Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus), which took pos- session of the carcase after the above-mentioned Golden Eagle had been shot. The photographs showed these birds in various characteristic poses : in two, the Vultures were seen erecting their scapular- feathers in an extraordinary manner, to mark their resentment at the intrusion of several Ravens. By Dr. N. F. Ticksurst :-— 1. 2 Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus). Female sitting on her nest at the foot of a fir-tree. Perthshire, May 1906. . Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus). Female sitting on her nest. Perthshire, May 1906. . Red Grouse (Lagopus scoticus). Female standing beside her nest. Perthshire, May 1906. . Kentish Plover (gialitis alexandrina). Male sittmg on its nest. . Female sitting on the nest, male standing beside her. Dungeness, Kent, May 1908. . Lapwing (Vazellus vanellus). Male sitting on its nest. Tenterden, Kent, April 1908. . Arctic Tern (Sterna macrura) sitting on its nest. Orkney, June 1906. . Little Tern (Sterna minuta) brooding its young. Dungeness, Kent, July 1907. 85 [ Vol. xxiii. 9. Downy young of Little Tern. Dungeness, Kent, July 1907. 10. Dunlin (Tringa alpina) brooding its young. Orkney, June 1906. 11. Golden Plover (Charadrius pluvialis). Female stand- ing near her nest. Orkney, June 1906. 12. Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus) standing beside its nest. Dungeness, Kent, May 1908. 13-15. Ditto, flying over their nesting-place. Dungeness, Kent, May 1908. 16. Coot (Fulica atra) sitting on its nest. Orkney, June 1906. 17. Rock-Pipit (Anthus obscurus). Young bird nearly fledged. Orkney, June 1906. 18. Snipe (Scolopax gallinago). Downy young in the nest. Orkney, June 1906. 19. Herring-Gull (Larus argentatus). Downy young. Orkney, June 1906. 20. Rooks (Corvus frugilegus) flying from their nests. Winchelsea, Sussex, April 1907. Mr. Oxiver G. Pixe exhibited a fine series of animated pictures of birds. In his opening remarks he mentioned that he took his first series of animated pictures of wild birds seven years ago, but the apparatus which he then used was so noisy that the work had to be given up. Four years later he was able to have a silent cinematograph specially made, and with this he had secured some fine results. | Before showing the animated pictures, Mr. Pike put upon the screen a few pictures of various mammals and birds, and explained briefly how these had been obtained. Then followed a series of animated pictures of that little fre- quented island St. Kilda, showing the life of the people as well as the birds. Other animated pictures of birds were also shown, and Mr. Pike stated that all had been taken from absolutely wild birds. VOL, XXIII. Vole xiii .i| 86 The following species were included :— Richardson’s Skua (Stercorarius crepidatus). Red-throated Diver (Colymbus septentrionalis). Raven (Corvus coraz). Golden-crested Wren (Regulus cristatus). Hedge-Sparrow (Accentor modularis) feeding its young. Young Tawny Owl (Syrnium aluco). Great-crested Grebe (Podicipes cristatus). Little Grebe (Podicipes fluviatilis). Coot (Fulica atra). Wild Duck (Anas boscas). Tufted Duck (Fuligula cristata). Pochard (Nyroca ferina). Curlew (Numenius arquatus). The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 26th of May, 1909, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. The Annual General Meeting of the British Ornithologists’ Union will be held on the same day (26th of May), and the Annual Dinner of the B. 0. U. will take place conjointly with that of the B.0.C. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. | (Signed) P. L. Scrater, W. R. Ocrivisr-Grant, H. F. Witnersy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. & Treas. BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. Wo. CLII. Tue hundred and fifty-first Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on. Wednesday, the 26th of May, 1909. Chairman: F. D. Gopman, F.R.S. Members present :—R. M. Barrineton, E. Browe tt, J. L. Bonuorte, P. F. Bunyarp, J. B. Dossiz, H. E. Dresser, H. J. Exwes, Eart or Gatnsporoven, J. GERRARD, EK. Gisson, Major H. H. Harineton, G. M. Maruews, E. G. B. Meapvz-Watpo, T. H. Newman, F. Nicuotson, _M. J. Nicout, W. R. Oeitvin-Grant (Editor), C. OLpHam, F.G. Penrost, M.D., W. P. Pycrarr, P. L. Sciarer, F.R.S., D. Sers-Smira, R. Bowpter Sarre, LL.D., J. H. Sren- House, M.B., R.N, Major H. Terry, H. F. Wiruersy (Sec. & Treas.), A. F. R. Woxzaston. Members of the B.O.U.:—R. KE. Cuznseman, H. L. Cocurane, E. W. Harper, F. Smatiey, Colonel Wit- LOUGHBY VERNER. Guests of the Club :—Rev. D. Epmonprs Owen, A. Gwynne VAUGHAN. Visitors :—Rev. G. S. Doxspiz, P. Harrower, W. T. PaGs. [June 10th, 1909. } VOL, XXIpe @ be) aygonian Instiz maar ver TO Vol. xxiii.] 88 At the conclusion of the conjoint dinner of the B.O. U. and B.O.C., the President of the British Ornithologists’ Union proposed the health of His Maszsty toe Kine and that of “ Absent Ibises,” as is customary at the Annua_ Dinner. He then vacated the Chair in favour of Dr. P. L. SctaTer, who, as Chairman of the B.O.C., conducted the business during the remainder of the evening. The Rev. D. Epmonpres Owen and Mr. A. Gwynne Vauenan, who had been specially invited to attend the Meeting as guests of the Club, gave an account of the efforts which are being made to protect the Kite (Milvus ictinus) in Wales. The Rev. D. EpmMonpzs Owen commenced by giving an interesting sketch of the life-history of certain animals, which, though once common in Wales, had now either vanished or were rapidly disappearing. Of these the Bear, Wolf, Wild Cattle, Marten, and Wild Cat were mentioned, while the Badger was reported to be still exceptionally numerous in the counties of Brecon and Radnor. The Buzzard (Buteo vulgaris) now only merited the name of “common” in Mid-Wales. In a parallelogram with Glandovey, Knighton, Brecon, and Lampeter as its four corners there were no less than 60 or 70 pairs of this magnificent bird. A few years ago it was fast disappearing, but at the present time it was holding its own, thanks to the interest now taken in the rarer Welsh birds as a direct outcome of the Kite-protection movement. The Raven (Corvus corax) was also very common in the same locality, and would no doubt continue to thrive there long after it had disappeared from less favoured counties. Mr. Owen taen made the following remarks :— “ The question that naturally suggests itself is, what makes Mid-Wales the home of these vanishing species? One would naturally expect them to choose the high and rugged mountains of Carnarvon and Merioneth. But when we realize that sheep and ponies depasture the hills of 89 [Vol. xxiii. Mid- Wales all the year round, whereas they are brought to the lowlands from the bigh and bare mountains of the North during the winter months, no further comment is necessary. Even in a mild winter there would be sufficient carrion on these hills to sustain life, while in a winter of great severity, when the needs of these birds would be greater, the supply of carrion would be much more plentiful. “This, undoubtedly, is one of the chief reasons why the Kite (Milvus ictinus) has survived in our neighbourhood after becoming extinct in other parts. “Sixty years ago the Kite was fairly common all over Wales, but particularly so in the district we have named. There are farmers still living who remember as many as 30 Kites which roosted regularly in one huge tree; and most of the old crofters on the hills of Radnorshire, Breconshire, and even of Cardiganshire will tell you that one of their boyish cares in the spring of the year was to guard the broods of chickens from the depredations of the Kite, which was then as common as the Carrion-Crow (Corvus corone) is now. “ Between the years ]850 and 1880 the range of the Kite became greatly reduced. Twenty-seven years ago one was shot near Craven Arms (Salop) and was regarded as a rare bird. This specimen is now in the possession of the Vicar of Disserth, Radnorshire. About the same time several were shot near Symond’s Yat and were considered rare. “With the advent of the breech-loading gun and the stricter preservation of the Grouse, the Kite suffered further persecution. ‘lo quote an example: on a Grouse-moor in Radnorshire one keeper, who is still living, shot 30 Kites ; he often followed them to their nesting-haunts and fre- quently destroyed both old birds. “ A graphic description was given us the other day of how he killed the last pair which had attempted to breed in the Edw Valley. The birds, which were evidently old and wily, would not come within range, so he got the farmers to assist him in building a large bower near the nest, and from this shelter he soon secured both birds. “The Kite continued to breed in the Wye Valley, 7 miles Vol. xxiii. ] 90 from these Grouse-moors, until about eight years ago, when, to our certain knowledge, two young Kites were shot, and probably the old pair also. “Guns and traps were doubtless the chief cause of the ‘earlier decrease of the Kite. They made the bird rare enough for its skin and eggs to become much coveted prizes for the collector. “The first collector appeared on the scene some twenty years ago, and he continued to loot systematically and successfully until a prominent member of the British Ornithologists’ Club used his influence and compelled him to abandon his annual visits to the district. “During the greater part of this period the Kites suffered cruelly. The old birds were ruthlessly shot and trapped by keepers and farmers and no young appeared to fill the gaps. It was patent that if some drastic steps were not taken Milvus ictinus would soon be a mere memory. “‘ Fortunately Dr. Salter, who had for some years done all in his power to protect the Kite, reported the state of affairs to Mr. Meade-Waldo, who promptly took practical steps to prevent the final disappearance of one of our finest Raptores. “Dr. Salter was so tied by his professorial duties during term time that he could not visit the various breeding- haunts, and hearing of a man who was devoting all his time to studying the habits of our rare birds he requested him to assist in the protection of the Kite. How the Kites fared that year is known to several members of the Club. Five years ago a book was published which gave away the localities, and since that time egg-looters from all parts of the country have been visiting the district in ever increasing numbers, making the work of the protector extremely difficult. It is clear that without the help accorded to Dr. Salter and ourselves by Mr. Meade-Waldo and other members of this Club the Kite would, ere this, have been exterminated; even now it is doing little more than main- taining its ground. “Five years ago there were, to the best of our knowledge, only three pairs and an odd bird left. To-day we have 91 [ Vol. ett) five pairs for certain and possibly one or two other couples. Last year, so far as the protected nests were concerned, the result was nil, but it was satisfactory to know that the old birds were not destroyed. “This is a point gained, because, even since the rigid protection was established, two old birds were shot near their nests. The more we protect the more our difficulties seem to multiply. The Carrion-Crow, unsuspected before, destroyed two nests last year. This, however, is a vanishing danger, because, thanks to the action of Lord Cawdor, at least 80 Carrion-Crows have been killed within the last six months. “Tt is feared that some of the Kites that now survive are too old for breeding. Dr. Salter had a suspicion that this was the case some years ago and on one occasion went so far as to say that the birds were doomed for that reason. ‘Last year the eggs in one nest were infertile, and we are sorry to say that we have reason to believe that there are indications of this being the case in at least one nest this year. “The reports of our successes and failures in former years have reached you through Mr. Meade-Waldo, to whose sympathy and support we owe so much.” Mr. A. Gwynne Vavucuan then read the following report :— “Our tale this year is a tale of woe. The season com- menced well. In Mrs, Campbell-Davys’s wood a pair built and lined their nest and in all probability laid eggs. This is one of the localities given away in the book we have mentioned. A great number of looters appeared on the scene about the middle of April, with the result that the nest was deserted ; probably it was robbed. The pair may have built elsewhere, but we have been unable to locate them. “Qn Lord Cawdor’s estate, where, as already reported, Kites have successfully nested for several years, a pair began to build this year in March and incubation, commenced on the 6th April. On Thursday the 20th of May there were eggs but no young in the nest. The birds were not Vol. xxii.] 92 disturbed in any way; even the watchers did not go up to the nest between the 6th of April and the 20th of May. The eggs were evidently infertile. This pair of birds are possibly the same as those which nested in the same locality last year with a similar result. “In the same locality a third pair began building on the 20th of March. The first egg was laid on the 7th of April and the birds began to sit on the 10th. On the 2nd of May two young ones were hatched. On the 9th of May one of the young birds was found dead at the foot of the tree. No reason could be assigned for this. The weather was mild and calm. “So far the surviving bird is doing well. ‘“‘ A fourth nest was built im the early part of April on another estate. Three eggs were laid and on Tuesday the 20th of April, at the request of Lord Cawdor, four keepers were instructed to watch the nest. A hut was built 200 yards from the tree. On Saturday, the 24th of April, at 6 o’clock in the morning, one watchman relieved the other. At 6.30 the bird left the nest and hovered round the spot pestered by a great number of Rooks which built in the same wood. The Kite settled on a neighbouring tree, but did not return to the nest. She remained in the vicinity until the afternoon, when the male bird appeared: both then soared to a considerable height and flew right away. ““ These facts were reported to the owner of the estate, who promptly sent one of his keepers to fetch the eggs, and placed them in an incubator, but it is feared that nothing will result. “The night of the 23rd was wet and stormy, and, the nest being in a very exposed place, it seems probable that the bird got thoroughly soaked. We believe this to have been the cause of her deserting her domicile. ‘Since then the same pair have built another nest some miles nearer to the haunts which we have mentioned above. “ A fifth pair of birds have been seen from time to time near Llwynmadoc, but we have not been able to locate the nest. “In the early part of the season a pair were seen on the 93 [Vol. xxiii. Brecon Hills, but though we have made enquiries we have received no definite information. “This is but a sorry report. It is satisfactory only from one point: egg-looters have only succeeded in robbing one of the four nests. “We rejoice to say that the vast majority of landed proprietors and farmers are now keenly interested in and in full sympathy with the Kite-protection movement. This we attribute almost entirely to the very generous and tactful action taken by Lord Cawdor in the matter. Not only has he paid all the night-watchers, but both he and one of his sous as well as his agent, Mr. Drummond, have visited the locality and have convinced the whole neighbourhood that it is a privilege and a duty to protect this rare and beautiful species.” On the motion of Mr. Ociiviz-Grant it was unanimously decided that a letter should be sent from the Members of the Club to Lorp Cawpor, to express their great appreciation of the active part which he had taken in the preservation of the Kites in Wales. Mr. M. J. Nrcott exhibited British-killed examples of the following species :— 1. The Brown Flycatcher (Alseonax latirostris, Raffl.). A male specimen shot near Lydd in Kent on the 21st of May, 1909. This bird, the first British example, was brought to Mr. Bristow of St. Leonard’s, and was examined in the flesh by Mr. J. L. Bonhote and Dr. N. F. Ticehurst. 2. The Red-rumped Swallow (Hirundo rufula, Temm.). Shot at Jury Gap near Lydd on the 16th of May, 1909. This bird, the second recorded British example, was examined in the flesh by Mr. Nicoll, after it had been sent to Mr. Bristow for preservation. Mr. Nicott also exhibited a male example of the White- collared Flycatcher (Muscicapa collaris, Bechst.) which had been procured at Giza on the 14th of April, 1909. It was the first time the species had been recorded from Egypt. Vol. xxiii.] 94, Mr. Oeitvie-Grant described examples of the following new species obtained by the Ruwenzori Expedition :— CIsTICOLA CARRUTHERST, Sp. 0. Adult female. This species is allied to C. lugubris, but may be at once recognised by the following points :—The bill is long and slender (as in the genus Camaroptera), the outer webs of the primary-quills are brownish (not rufous), and the tail-feathers are black above, tipped with white, and, even on the under surface, the wide subterminal black bands are scarcely distinguishable from the greyer basal portion of the feathers. Iris pale brown; bill black ; feet pale brown. Total length ca. 4°8 inches ; culmen 0°58; wing 2°2; tail 2:05 ; tarsus 0°82. Hab. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 feet. 17. vi. 06. The type-specimen, No. 1640, was procured by Mr. Douglas Carruthers. CaPRIMULGUS RUWENZORII, Sp. 0. Adult male. Most nearly allied to C. frenatus, Salvad., but altogether darker, especially on the underparts, the belly and under tail-coverts being, like the breast, entirely barred with black and buff. The white spot on the mner web of the first primary is small, situated on the margin, and does not extend more than halfway across the web; the two outer pairs of tail-feathers have the terminal half white (for about 2°4 inches), the brown colour extending up the margin of the outer web almost to the tip; a group of buff spots on the middle of the chest. Iris dark brown; bill black ; feet brown. Total length ca. 9°0 inches; wing 6:2; tail 4°25; tarsus 0°66. Hab. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000 feet. 3.111. 06. The type-specimen, No. 183, was procured by Mr. R. E. Dent. Mr. P. F. Bunyarp exhibited a nest of the Hedge- Sparrow ( Accentor modularis, Linn.) which had been built in a plant of Marguerite growing in a pot in one of the green- 95 [Vol. xxiii. houses at Mr. Philip Hadds’s Nursery Gardens, Swanley, Kent. This is the second occasion on which this species has selected this remarkable building-site. Mr. Bunyarp also exhibited eggs of the following species :— A set of four eggs of Eversmann’s Warbler (Phylloscopus borealis, Blas.), from the Kola Peninsula, taken by Mr. Helge Lilliestiema on July the Ist,1903. He called attention to the fact that the eggs of this species more nearly resemble the eggs of the Chiffchaff (P. rufus, Bechst.) than those of the Willow-Wren (P. trochilus, Linn.); in support of this statement a series of eggs of the two last named species were shown. Two eggs of the Stonechat (Pratincola rubicola, Linn.) with a distinct blue ground and a total absence of any greenish tinge, the markings being in the form of well- defined spots, forming a zone round the larger end. Mr. W. P. Pycrart exhibited a skull, and briefly described the skeleton, of Paleocoraxy moriorum, a fossil Raven from the Chatham Is., New Zealand. He pointed out that the skeleton was that of a bird intermediate in size between the typical Raven (Corvus corax, Linn.) and the Carrion-Crow (Corvus corone, Linn.). The skull was, however, easily distinguishable from that of all other Corvide by the larger size of the maxillo-palatine plate and the breadth of the maxillo-palatine processes. The wing was relatively shorter than in either the Raven or the Crow, while the keel of the sternum was relatively shallower. From this it was inferred that the power of flight in this bird was on the wane at the time of its extinction. This inference was confirmed by the fact that the leg was actually longer than that of either the Raven or the Crow. Mr. Pycrarr also made some remarks on the number and arrangement of the tail-feathers in the Dabchick (Podicipes fluviatilis). He stated that their arrangement was unique among birds, since these feathers ran in a double, parallel series, divided by a narrow space, and were so turned Vol. xxiii.] 96 that their ventral surfaces faced one another. He pointed out that normally the tail-feathers were arranged with their bases crowded together in such a way, that, with the exception of the middle pair, which were attached to the pygostyle, they could be moved like the rods of a fan. Mr. J. L. Bonuors exhibited a hybrid Drake of the second generation containing blood of the following species : Anas boscas, A. pecilorhyncha, A. superciliosa, and Dafila acuta. Externally this specimen could hardly be distinguished from a pure-bred Mallard. Although the ancestry of this bird was so complicated as to render it unlikely that all the Mallard characters should occur in one individual, the fact that they had occurred was quite in accordance with the Mendelian Theory. Mr. Bonhote also exhibited and made some remarks on across of the second generation between five’ species (viz. the four mentioned above and a Meller’s Duck). Mr. Cottinewoop Ineram sent for exhibition an example of a new subspecies of Hill-Wren (Pnoépyga) from Mt. Arizan, Central Formosa, and communicated the following remarks :— “‘T have just received a specimen of a Hill-Wren from the mountains of Central Formosa. Messrs. Ogilvie-Grant and La Touche (‘ Ibis,’ 1907) did not include Pnoépyga in their list of Formosan birds, and I believe that no bird of this genus has ever been recorded from that island. My specimen apparently belongs to an undescribed subspecies allied to P. albiventris (Hodgs.). In size it is intermediate between P. albiventris and P. pusilla, Hodgs. Besides being smaller it differs from the former species in having the back darker and more olivaceous, and in lacking the rufous wash which is especially noticeable on the wings of the typical P. albiventris. The upper surface is also much more closely and distinctly spotted with light rufous-buff, the maculations being almost uniform in appearance, and particularly numerous on the head. The white on the under surface is purer and seems to extend further down the belly and flanks. Length of wing 2°2 inches; culmen 0°5. 97 [Vol. xxiii, (According to careful measurements taken from a large series of P. albiventris in the British Museum, the wings of that species average 2°45 inches, but in the ‘ Catalogue of the Birds,’ vol. vi., it is given as only 2°1 inches.) “ For this subspecies I propose the name PNO#PYGA FORMOSANA subsp. n. “Tn the Tring Museum there are three examples of this new form from Mt. Arizan, Central Formosa, procured for Mr. Rothschild by Mr. Alan Owston’s collectors: these agree perfectly with my type-specimen.” Mr. H. F. Wiruersy exhibited specimens of the following birds, which had been collected in Egypt by Commander H. Lynes, R.N. :— Anthus spinoletta blakistoni (Port Said, Oct. and Nov. 1906).—This Central Asian form of the Water-Pipit was apparently new to Egypt and had not previously been recorded so far to the west. Anthus spinoletta coutellit (Port Said, Oct., Nov., and Dec. 1906).—This form ofthe Water-Pipit, which is well known to occur in Egypt, was exhibited for comparison with the above. Alauda arvensis cantarella (Port Said, Oct. and Nov. 1906). —The South-east European form of the Sky-Lark did not appear to have been recorded from Egypt, where the Eastern form A. a. cinerea was usually met with on migration. Calandrella minor heinet (Port Said, Nov. 1906).—The form breeding in South Russia and hitherto apparently unrecorded from Egypt. Galerita cristata nigricans (Damanhour, Dec. 1906 and Jan. 1907).—This dark form of the G. cristata group is known to inhabit the Delta of the Nile. Galerita cristata subsp. n.? (Port Said, Alexandria, and the Rossetta branch of the Nile, Sept., Nov., and Dec. 1906).— This form, which was decidedly paler than G. c. nigricans, and approached the typical G. cristata, seemed to be unnamed. It was found by Commander Lynes both on the dry plains Vol. xxili.] 98 and on rich cultivated land. It was probably in its winter- quarters and its breeding-range had yet to be discovered. Galerita cristata altirostris (near Ismalia, Dec. 1907).— A sandy-coloured form, well known to inhabit part of the Nile valley south of Cairo. Coccothraustes vulgaris vulgaris (Damanhour, Dec. 1906).— The Hawfinch was apparently arare migrantin Egypt. This bird was of the typical form and quite distinct from the resident North African (Algerian) Coccothraustes vulgaris buvryt. Emberiza scheniclus canneti (Port Said, Dec. 1906).— The greyer and much less rufous South-east European representative of the typical form. This bird seemed to have been rarely recorded from Egypt. Mr. Wirnersy drew attention tothe great interest attaching to the study of the geographical forms of the birds which visited Egypt on migration. It could be shown that in the autumn forms of the same species drew together to the ereat highway of the Nile from their respective breeding- grounds in the North, North-east, and North-west. The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 16th of June, 1909, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. ] (Signed) P. L. Scrater, W. R. Ocitvin-Grant, H. F. Witnersy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. & Treas. BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. Wo. CLITI. _ Tue hundred and fifty-second Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 16th of June, 1909. Chairman: P. L. Sctater, D.Sc., F.R.S. Members present:—E. Bipwett, F. E. Buaauw, J. L. Bonnore, H. E. Drusser, E. V. Eartez, F. Finn, E. Gipson, H. Gooncuitp, J. H. Gurney, Rev. J. R. Hare, G. E. Loner, G. A. Macmittian, W. F. Macmiiuan, G. M. Matuews, E. G. B. Meavz-Watpo, Hon. E. S. Monracu, M.P., H. Mount, M. J. Nicout, W. R. Ocitvizr-Grant (Hditor), C. E. Pearson, F.G. Penrose, M.D., A. E. Prices, C. B. Rickert, Hon. Warter Roruscuixp, Ph.D., M.P., R. Bowpier SHarre, LL.D., D. Sera-Smirn, J. H. Srennovuszt, M.B., R.N., C. B. Ticzenurst, M.B., C. Wuymrer, H. F. Wituersy (See. & Treas.). Visitors :—R. O. Maruews, R. I. Pocock, Dr. M. Sasst. Mr. M. J. Nicouu exhibited examples of some rare or little- known Egyptian birds, and made the following remarks :— (1) SporaeintHus aMANDAVa (Linn.). “The specimens exhibited are of interest as having been [June 30th, 1909.] pnian Institug, a ty £51909 ¢ Vol. xxiii] 100 shot at Giza, Egypt, where this species arrives regularly in August for the purpose of nesting. After the young have been reared all take their departure, and are not seen again until the following August. “This bird also occurs and nests in other parts of Cairo and in the Gardens of the Delta Barrage. My specimens ~ are indistinguishable from Indian examples.”’ . (2) Saxicota HALOPHILA, Tristr. « A female example of this Wheatear was shot by myself near Giza, Egypt, on the 24th.of February, 1909. This appears to be the first record of this species from Egypt. “The male of this form is practically inseparable from that of the common ‘ Mourning’ Chat of Egypt (Sazicola lugens, Licht.), in which the sexes are alike in plumage.” (3) Upura Epops mason, Brehm. Upupa major, Brehm, Vogelfang, p. 78 (1855). “* A series of eight examples of this Hoopoe was collected by Mr. J. L. Bonhote and myself at Inchas, Lower Egypt, in January 1909. They agree with Brehm’s type of Upupa major, which is preserved in the Tring Museum. “This form of Hoopoe differs from the typical Upupa epops, Linn.,in having a much longer and stouter bill. It is found in the Delta during the winter months and appears to breed there. “ There are three specimens of this large form, collected by the late Mr. E. C. Taylor in February, in the British Museum. “The typical Upupa epops passes through Egypt during the spring and autumn migrations. “ Since this interesting form was described by Brehn, it appears to have been lost sight of.” (4) Porzana parva (Scop.). “ An adult pair was obtained at Inchas, Lower Egypt, in January 1909. This species does not appear to have been previously recorded from Egypt.” 101 [Vol. xxiii. Messrs. M. J. Nicoxtt and J. L. Bonuore exhibited examples of a Crested Lark and a House-Sparrow, obtained by themselves in the Fayum, which they believed to represent hitherto undescribed races. The descriptions were as follows :— GALERIDA CRISTATA MG@RITICA, Subsp. n. Adult male and female. Most nearly allied to G. c. nigri- cans (Brehm), but with the underparts whiter and the markings on the upper breast smaller, more clearly defined, and fewer in number. Measurements of the types :— 6. Culmen 15 mm.; wing 100; tarsus 23:5. (The average wing-measurement of 16 specimens is 102°2 mm.) 2. Culmen 15 mm.; wing 94°5; tarsus 23°5. Hab. Southern shore of Lake Birket-el-Kerun, Fayum, Egypt. 15.11.09. A series of twenty examples was. pro- cured. PassER DOMESTICUS NILOTICUS, subsp. n. Adult male. Differs from P. d. rufidorsalis, Brehm, in having less red on the back and the grey of the head and rump lighter. The feathers of the mantle have the red portions much paler, and conspicuous pale buff margins. The light edgings to the inner secondaries are narrower and much paler. The crown of the head and rump are pale slate-grey, which — colour is continued down the back of the neck until it joins the mantle. A chestnut patch extends along either side of the head from behind the eye; these patches do not, as in P. d. rufidorsalis, meet on the nape. The rest of the plumage is similar to that of P. d. rufidorsalis. Adult female. Differs from that of P. d. rufidorsalis in being paler and greyer. Measurements of the types :— dg. Culmen 12 mm.; wing 77; tarsus 18. 9. Culmen 12 mm.; wing 74; tarsus 18. Vol. xxiii.] 102 Hab. Nile Valley, from the Fayum to Wadi Halfa. 10 & 13.111. 09. Obs. This form differs condense from ihe House- Sparrow of Cairo in its greyer and brighter coloration, but is referred to by Dr. Hartert (Vog. Pal. Faun. Heft ii. p- 151) as “ Passer domesticus subsp.?”” Owing to lack of material Dr. Hartert was unable to differentiate between specimens from the Delta and the present form. Messrs. Nicotn and Bonuore also exhibited specimens of Locustella luscinioides (Savi) and L. 1. fusca (Severtz.), from the Fayum, the latter being a greyer race inhabiting Trans- caspia and Turkestan. This was the first record of L. 1. fusca from Egypt, and, according to Dr. Hartert, its winter range is still unknown. A lengthy discussion arose on the interbreeding of Passer domesticus and P. hispaniolensis in North Africa, in which Mr. Roruscuitp, Mr. Mrapz-Watpo, and others took part. The Hon. Waiter Rotuscuip described and exhibited examples of a new species of Weaver-Finch : LaGonosticTa GRAUERI, sp. n. Adult male. Upper surface brownish-slate-colour, faintly tinged with purplish in some lights. Lower rump and upper tail-coverts purple-maroon. Tail slightly darker. Wings — like the back, but of a more brownish tint. Throat and chest similar to the upper surface ; middle of the abdomen and under tail-coverts dull black; rest of the under surface purple-maroon ; sides of the breast with a number of subapical white spots. Culmen 1] mm.; wing 51; tail 50; tarsus 15-5. Hab. Forest near Baraka, north-west of Lake Tanganyika, 1900 metres. Obs. A small series of specimens was procured by Herr 103 [Vol. xxiii. Rudolph Grauer. This new form is closely allied to L. cinereovinacea, Sousa, from Angola, but the red colour of the abdomen and the slate-colour of the back and throat are darker; the dimensions are also less. Mr. Roruscuitp also exhibited and described examples of a new form of Wryneck :— Iynx TORQUILLA MAURETANICA, subsp. n. Adult male and female. Differ from J. t. torquilla, Linn.,in its much smaller size and in having the upperparts much darker grey, with hardly any admixture of rufous. The transverse markings on the underside are also more distinct. Hab. N. Algeria. Iynzx torquilla torquilla. Lynx torquilla mauretanica. (6 males, 3 females, and 12 sex unknown.) (7 males and 4 females.) Obs. This new form is especially interesting, as during recent years no Wryneck has been recorded as breeding in North Africa, though Loche [ef. Expl. Sci. Algér. ii. p. 87 (1867) | stated that Iynx torquillia bred in all the Algerian forests, when he explored that country in the years 1840-42. I. t. mauretanicais closely allied to J. t. tschusii, Kleinsch., from Sardinia, but is smaller. I shot the first specimen on migration, at El Oued, on April 7th, and the remaining eleven specimens were obtained at Hammam Meskoutine, in North-east Algeria, between May 16th and 29th. The Hon. Epwin Montacvu exhibited a fine adult male example of Sabine’s Gull (Xema sabinii) which had been killed on Breydon Water, Norfolk, on the 2nd of September, 1908. He said that this was the first recorded adult male from this country. Vol. xxiii. ] 104 Mr. Monraev also exhibited a fine male example of the so-called “ Paget’s Pochard,”’ which is a hybrid between the Common Pochard (Fuligula ferina, L.) and the Ferruginous Duck (F. nyroca, Giildenst.). The bird had been shot by a local gunner at Potter Heigham, Norfolk, in the latter part of March 1909. Mr. Monracv went on to make remarks on the great destruction of small birds, especially Chaffinches and Gold- finches, in the county of Cambridgeshire, caused by the Little Owl (Athene noctua). Mr. Meapz-Watpo and the Hon. Waiter Rotuscuixp, who were chiefly responsible for the introduction of this species into Kent and Hertfordshire respectively, said that though they were aware that the Little Owls had of late years greatly increased in these counties and certainly killed numbers of small birds, especially Sparrows and other Finches, they did not believe that they caused any serious diminution among the smaller Passeres. Mr. Monracu asked the Members of the Club to consider the danger to British indigenous species and the confusion to science resulting from the introduction of such birds as the Willow-Grouse; and he gave notice that at the next meeting of the Club, to be held on the 20th of October, it was his intention to propose the following resolution :— “That the Members of the British Ornithologists’ Club are strongly of opinion that, in the interests of the study of Ornithology and the preservation of indigenous and peculiar species, the introduction, in a wild state, of such birds as the Willow-Grouse, or Ryper, is to be deprecated.” A discussion then arose on the subject of Hybrid Ducks, on which some interesting remarks were made by 105 [ Vol. xxiii. Mr. Braauw, Mr. Roruscuity, Mr. Meave-Watpo, and others. The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 20th of October, 1909, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. (Signed) P. L. Scrater, W. R. Ocitvis-Grant, H. F. Witnersy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. & Treas. ( (def t oe ‘ © PA ‘ A, . j . q ~ " ae ) y = ) - | / \ . ‘ ‘ : ' eh j \ ‘ 1 ' . a : ' ) ' yA ia ) WF c ‘ Ras H INDEX, Abbotornis chabert, 11. — schistocercus, 11. abietina, Phylloscopus, 21. Acanthiza chrysorrhoa, 73. —— leighi, 73. Accentor modularis, 86, 94. Acrocephalus phragmitis, 60. acuta, Dafila, 96. Aigialitis alexandrina, 83, 84. hiaticola, 24, 59, 83. vocifera, 25. Egintha minor, 25. temporalis, 24, 25, genea, Hypochera, 15. gquatorialis, Lybius, 29. zthiops, Lybius, 29. africana harterti, Mirafra, 45. Agapornis lilianz, 49. —— nigrigenis, 49. Aithurus polytmus, 71. Alauda arvensis, 24, 49. cantarella, 97. brachydactyla, 4. albertisi, Drepanornis, 7. geisleri, Drepanornis, 7. albigularis, Phyllastrephus, 13. albiventris, Pnoépyga, 96. albonotatus swynnertoni, Trocho- cercus, 46. , l'rochocercus, 46. albosuperciliaris, Rhopophilus, 33. albus, Lagopus, 104. Alcedo leopoldi, 14. leucogaster bowdleri, 14. leopoldi, 14. alexanderi, Amadina, 43, 44. , Galerida, 45. alexandrina, Adgialitis, 83, 84. alpina, Tringa, 89. Alseonax latirostris, 93. altirostris, Galerida, 46. , Galerita, 98. alueo, Syrnium, 86. Amadina fasciata alexanderi, 43, 44. —— sudanensis, 44. P VOL, XXIII. amandava, Sporeginthus, 99. Amaurocichla bocagei, 47. kempi, 47. Amblyornis inornata, 36, subalaris, 36. Ampelis cedrorum, 71. amurensis, Sitta, 59. Amydrus neumanni, 41, rueppelli, 16, 41. Anas boscas, 86, 96. pecilorhyncha, 96. —— superciliosa, 96. andecolus, Apus, 43. dinellii, Apus, 43. ani, Crotophaga, 71. annamensis, Crocopus, 67. ansorgei, Diaphoropbhyia, 8. , Diatropura, 45. ——, Harpolestes, 53. ——, Pyromelana, 47. , Pytelia, 47. Anthothreptes, 20. Anthus obscurus, 85. —— spinoletta blakistoni, 97. — coutelli, 97. Apus andecolus dinellii, 43. Aquila chrysaétus, 84, heliaca, 84, Arctonetta fischeri, 39. Ardea cinerea, 58, 80. —— purpurea, 83. argentatus, Larus, 83, 85. arquatus, Numenius, 86. arvensis, Alauda, 24, 49. cantarella, Alauda, 97. assimilis, Malurus, 72. Astrapia stephanie, 35, 36. aterrimus, Knipolegus, 11. Athene noctua, 104. athi, Mirafra, 45. atra, Fulica, 85, 86. atrigularis, Turdus, 57, aura, Cathartes, 70. aurantius, Ploceus, 12. ockendeni, Knipolegus, 11. Vol. xxiii. ] aurantius rex, Ploceus, 12. australis ansorgei, Harpolestes, 53. , Harpolestes, 54. avocetta, Recurvirostra, 83. bahiz, Formicivora, 65. bairdi, Burnesia, 13. obscura, Burnesia, 13. bakeri, Trochalopteron, 10. balstoni, Sericornis, 72. Barbatula chrysocoma, 30. zedlitzi, 30. leucolama, 15. poensis, 15. Bartramia longicauda, 25. bassana, Sula, 79. batesi, Cinnyris, 19, 20. , Laniarius, 9. bedfordi, Sitta, 59. berlepschi, Parotia, 42. bernieri, Malurus, 72. bertrandi, Laniarius, 10. bidentatus eethiops, Lybius, 29. blakistoni, Anthus, 97. borealis, Parus, 34. , Phylloscopus, 95. boscas, Anas, 86, 96. bowdleri, Alcedo, 14. brachydactyla, Alauda, 4. brachyrhyncha, Cyanops, 30. bulweri, Bulweria, 32. Bulweria bulweri, 32. Burnesia bairdi obscura, 13. melanops, 13. Buteo vulgaris, 88. esruleus, Parus, 25. Calamocichla leptorhyncha, 33. neglecta, 39. Calandrella minor heinei, 97. calidiis, Totanus, 83. Calophasis mikado, 5. canneti, Emberiza, 98. cantarella, Alauda, 97. cantiaca, Sterna, 77, 83. Caprimulgus europeus, 24, frenatus, 94. —— ruwenzori, 94. carole, Parotia, 42, 43. carruthersi, Cisticola, 94. caspica, Pyrrhula, 48. Cathartes aura, 70. cedrorum, Ampelis, 71. certhia, Dendrocolaptes, 66. Certhia familiaris corsa, 17. rerthiola, Locustella, 18. eervinicauda, Drepanornis, 7, 35, 36. chabert, Abbotornis, 11. chalybeata, Hypochera, 33. Charadrius pluvialis, 25, 81, 85. Charmosyna stellz, 35, 36. 108 Charmosynopsis pulchella, 35. Chloris chloris, 60. chloropygia, Cinnyris, 19, 20. chrysaétus, Aquila, 84, chrysocoma, Barbatula, 30. zedlitzi, Barbatula, 30. chrysorrhoa, Acanthiza, 73. cinderella, Hstrilda, 44. cinerea, Ardea, 58, 80. cinereovinacea, Lagonosticta, 103. Cinnyris batesi, 19, 20. chloropygia, 19, 20. —— gabonica, 20. seimundi, 19, 20. Cisticola carruthersi, 94. lugubris, 94. — rufa, 47. simplicissima, 47. Clangula glaucion, 64, 65. islandica, 63, 64, 65. clarkei, Turdus, 54. claudei, Thamnolza, 16. Coccothraustes coccothraustes, 24, 59. vulgaris, 98. Coccystes glandarius, 60. Coliuspasser dubiosus, 47. collaris, Muscicapa, 93. collurio, Lanius, 53. collybita abietina, Phyllescopus, 21. Colymbus septentrionalis, 86. congener, Harpolestes, 54. Coracina, 12. graueri, 11. corax, Corvus, 84, 86. cornuta, Tadorna, 21, 22. coronata, Thamnolea, 16. corone, Corvus, 89. corsa, Certhia, 17. Corvus, 34. corax, 86, 88. corone, 89. frugilegus, 85. Cossypha roberti rufescentior, 9. Cotile diluta, 17. fohkiensis, 17. riparia, 17. sinensis, 17. crassirostris, Quiscalus, 71. crepidatus, Stercorarius, 86. cristata alexanderi, Galerida, 45. altirostris, Galerita, 98. ——,, Fuligula, 86. ——, Galerida, 45, 49, ——,, Guttera, 32. —— nigricans, Galerita, 97. senegallensis, Galerida, 45, 46. seth-smithi, Guttera, 13, 14, 31. suahelica, Guttera, 14, 31. —— subsp. n.?, Galerita, 97. cristatus, Podicipes, 86. , Regulus, 86. croconotus, Ploceus, 12. Orocopus annamensis, 67. —— phenicopterus, 67, 68, viridifrons, 67, 68. Crotophaga ani, 71. cuneata, Geopelia, 72. Cyanops faiostricta saigonensis, 31. henricii, 30. brachyrhyncha, 30; pheostricta, 31. cyanus transcaspicus, Monticola, 43. Cypselus pheenicobius, 71. Dafila acuta, 96. darnaudi, Trachyphonus, 30, darwini, Pucrasia, 32. Daulias luscinia, 53, 60. delamerei, Diatropura, 45. Dendrocolaptes certhia, 66. — hoffmannsi, 66. — radiolatus, 66. Dendrocopus major, 16. deserti, Sylvia, 6. deserticola, Sylvia, 6. Diaphorophyia ansorgei, 8. graueri, 7, 8. Diatropura delamerei, 45. progne ansorgei, 43. diluta, Cotile, 17. dinellii, Apus, 43. Diphyllodes hunsteini, 35, 37. dohertyi, Mirafra, 45. domesticus niloticus, Passer, 101. rufidorsalis, Passer, 101. dougalli, Sterna, 78. Drepanornis albertisi, 7. geisleri, 7. cervinicauda, 7, 35, 36. dubiosus, Coliuspasser, 47. Edoliisoma, 12. Emberiza melanocephala, 4. — miliaria, 25. pusilla, 18, 28. schenicola canneti, 98. emini, Harpolestes, 54. , Salpornis, 16. Epimachus meyeri, 36. epops, Upupa, 100. erithacus, Psittacus, 74. Erithacus swynnertoni, 4. Estrilda cinderella, 44. europxa, Pyrrbula, 24, 48. europeus, Caprimulgus, 24. Eurystomus gularis, 49. eversmanni, Phylloscopus, 20, 21, 58. faiostricta saigonensis, Cyanops, 31. familiaris corsa, Certhia, 17. 109 fasciata alexanderi, Amadina, 43, 44. usambiro, Trachyphonus, 30. , Amadina, 48, 44. ferina, Fuligula, x F. nyroca, 104. , Nyroca, 46. fischeri, Arctonetta, 39. , Lampronetta, 39. flava, Motacilla, 28, 53. flavostriatus, Phyllastrephus, 15. flavotinctus, Picumnus, 67. fluviatilis, Podicipes, 81, 86, 95. , Sterna, 78, 83. fohkienensis, Cotile, 17. Formicivora melanogastra, 66. bahiz, 65. formosana, Pnoépyga, 96, 97. freenatus, Caprimulgus, 94. frater, Harpolestes, 54. , Ploceus, 12. Fratercula arctica, 82. frugilegus, Corvus, 85. Fulica atra, 85, 86. Fuligula cristata, 86. ferina x F. nyroca, 104. Fulmarus glacialis, 25, 81, 82. fulyus, Gyps, 84. fusca, Locustella, 102. gabonica, Oinnyris, 20. galactodes, Sylvia, 15. Galerida altirostris, 46. cristata, 45, 49. alexanderi, 45. altirostris, 98. —— — maritica, 101. —— —— nigricans, 97, 101. senegallensis, 45, 46. riggenbachi, 46. gallinago, Scolopax, 85. Gecinus viridis, 25. geisleri, Drepanornis, 7. Geopelia cuneata, 72. shortridgei, 72. gierowi, Pyromelana, 47. glacialis, Fulmarus, 25, 81, 82. glandarius, Coccystes, 60. glaucion, Clangula, 64, 65, granadensis, Picumnus, 67- granti, Neocossyphus, 15. graueri, Coracina, 11. , Diaphorophyia, 7, 8. , Lagonosticta, 102. ——, Laniarius, 9. , Phyllastrephus, 13. Graueria vittata, 8. graysoni, Ortyx, 18. panucensis, Ortyx, 18. gularis, Eurystomus, 49. Guttera cristata, 13, 14, 31, 32. —— seth-smithi, 13, 14, 31. —- —— suahelica, 14, 31, 32, [ Vol. xxiii. Vol. xxiii. } 110 Guttera plumifera, 32. Laletes osburni, 71. -—— sclateri, 32. Lampronetta fischeri, 39. Gyps fulvus, 84, Laniarius batesi, 9. bertrandi, 10. haliaétus, Pandion, 74, 75. graueri, 9. halophila, Saxicola, 100. rubiginosus rudolfi, 10. Harpolestes australis, 54. Lanius collurio, 53. ansorgei, 53. Larus argentatus, 83, 85. congener, 54. marinus, 83. —- emini, 54. ridibundus, 85. frater, 54. latirostris, Alseonax, 93. souze, 53. lawesi, Parotia, 35, 37, 39. harterti, Mirafra, 45. leighi, Acanthiza, 73. , Picumnus, 67. leoninus, Macrosphenus, 48, 46. hartlaubi, Penthetria, 47. leopoldi, Aleedo, 14. heinei, Calandrella, 97. leptorhyncha, Calamocichla, 33. heliaca, Aquila, 84. leucerodia, Platalea, 83. henricii brachyrhyncha, Cyanops, 30. _ leucogaster bowdleri, Aleedo, 14. — , Cyanops, 30. , Ispidina, 14, heterogyna, Knipolegus, 11. leucolema, Barbatula, 15. hiaticola, Agialitis, 24, 59, 83. leucopteryx, Icterus, 71. Hierofalco milvipes, 25. lilianze, Agapornis, 49. Hirundo rufula, 93. Limosa limosa, 83. hispaniolensis, Passer, 102. Lioptilus rufocinetus, 6. hoffmannsi, Dendrocolaptes, 66. Locustella certhiola, 18. horsbrughi, Turnix, 65. hortensis, Sylvia, 53. fusea, 102. luscinivides, 83, 102. hunsteini, Diphyllodes, 35, 87. neevia, 4. Hypochera nea, 15, longicauda, Bartramia, 25. chalybeata, 33. Lophorina minor, 35, 37. —— neumanni,,33. Loria mariz, 35, 36. —— nigeria, 15. lugens, Saxicola, 100. lugubris, Cisticola, 94. Icterus leucopteryx, 71. luscinia, Daulias, 53, 60. ictinus, Milvus, 88-93. luscinioides, Locustella, 83, 102. iliacus, Turdus, 55. Lybius xquatorialis, 29. inornata, Amblyornis, 36, —— hidentatus xthiops, 29. insignis, Ploceus, 12. —— thiogaster, 29. frater, Ploceus, 12. undatus senafensis, 29. - intercedens, Ptilorhis, 35, 38, 39. Lyrurus tetrix, 51,-52. islandica, Clangula, 63, 64, 65. x Lagopus scoticus, 51, 52, Ispidina leucogaster, 14, 53, 58, 59. Tynx mauretanica, 103. torquilla, 103. Macrosphenv , 8. mauretanica, 103. tschusii, 103. kempi, £7. leoninus, 43, 46. macrura, Sterna, 79, 84. jacksoni, Sylviella, 16. maculosa, Turnix, 65. major, Dendrocopus, 16. kempi, Amaurocichla, 47. , Parus, 25. , Macrosphenus, 47. , Upupa, 100. Knipolegus aterrimus ockendeni, 11. Malurus assimilis, 72. heterogyna, 11. bernieri, 72. Mareca penelope, 28. —_—— Lagonosticta cinerovinacea, 102. margaritatus, ‘lrachyphonus, 16, graueri, 102. mari, Loria, 35, 36. Lagopus albus, 104. marinus, Larus, 83. nutus, 84. mauretanica, lynx, 103. -~— scoticus, 5], 52. melanocephala, Emberiza, 4. —— — & Lyrurus tetrix, 51, 52, melanogastra, Formicivora, 66. 53 58, 59. bahiw, Formiciyora, 65. melanops, Burnesia, 13. meleagris, Numida, 70. Merops persicus sahare, 6. merula, Turdus, 25. meyeri, Epimachus, 36. mikado, Calophasis, 5. iniliaria, Emberiza, 25. milvipes, Hierofalco, 25. Milvus ictinus, 88-93. Mimus orpheus, 71. minor, Agintha, 2. heinei, Calandrella, 97. — , Lophorina, 35, 37. , Paradisea, 3. minuta, Sterna, 77, 83, 84. Mirafra africana harterti, 45. athi, 45. dohertyi, 45. tropicalis, 45. modularis, Accentor, 86, 94. meeritica, Galerida, 101. Monticola cyanus transcaspicus, 43. moriorum, Palxocorax, 99. Motacilla flava, 28, 53. Muscicapa collaris, 93. parva, 28, musicus, Turdus, 55, mutus, Lagopus, 84. Myiothera superciliaris, 65. neevia, Locustella, 4. nana deserti, Sylvia, 6. neglecta, Calamocichla, 33. Neocossyphus granti, 15. prepectoralis, 15. neumanni, Amydrus, 41. , Hypochera, 33. , Sylvietta, 42. nigerie, Hypochera, 15. nigra, Rhynchops, 76. nigricans, Galerita, 97, 101. nigrigenis, Agapornis, 49. niloticus, Passer, 101. noctua, Athene, 104. Numenius arquatus, 86. Numida meleagris, 70. Nyroca ferina, 86. nyroca, Fuligula, x F. ferina, 104. obscura, Burnesia, 13. obseurus, Anthus, 85. olivaceogriseus, Phyllastrephus, 13. olivaceus flavotinctus, Picumnus, 67. granadensis, Picumnus, 67, harterti, Picumnus, 67. olivize, Sylvia, 15. , Sylviella, 16. orientalis, Pyrrhurus, 16. orpheus, Mimus, 71. Ortyx graysoni panucensis, 18. 111 [Vol. xxii. Ortyx virginianus, 70. osburni, Laletes, 71. Paleocorax moriorum, 95, Pandion haliaétus, 74, 75. panucensis, Ortyx, 18. Paradisea minor, 3. raggiana, 35, 37, 39. Paradisornis rudolphi, 35, 36. Parophasma rufocinctus, 7, Parotia berlepschi, 42. carole, 42, 43. lawesi, 35, 37, 39. parva, Muscicapa, 28. , Porzana, 100. Parus borealis, 34. ceruleus, 25, major, 25. Passer domesticus niloticus, 101. rufidorsalis, 101. subsp., 102. —— hispzniolensis, 102. penelope, Mareca, 23. Penthetria hartlaubi, 47. persicus sahare, Merops, 6. pheostricta, Cyanops, 3]. philomelos clarkei, Turdus, 54. —-—, Turdus, 55. pheniceum bakeri, Trochalopteron, 10. ——,, Trochalopteron, 10. pheenicobius, Cypselus, 71. pbenicopterus, Crocopus, 67, 68, Phonipara sp., 71. phragmitis, Acrocephalus, 60. Phyllastrephus albigularis, 13. —— flavostriatus, 13. graueri, 13. — olivaceogriseus, 13. Phylloscopus borealis, 95. — collybita abietina, 21. rufus, 74, 95. — sibilatrix, 4. tristis, 4. trochilus, 20, 95. eversmanni, 20, 21, 58, yiridanus, 39. Pica pica, 60. Picumuus olivaceus flavotinctus, 67. —— granadensis, 67. harterti, 67. Pitta reichenowi, 49. Platalea leucerodia, 83. Ploceus aurantius rex, 12, croconotus, 12. insignis frater, 12. plumifera, Guttera, 32. pluvialis, Charadrius, 25, 81, 85. Pnoépyga albiventris, 96. formosana, 96, 97. pusilla, 96, Vol. xxiii. | Podicipes cristatus, 86. —— fluviatilis, 81, 86, 95. pecilorhyncha, Anas, 96. poensis, Barbatula, 15. Pogonorhynchus undatus, 29. polytmus, Aithurus, 71. Porzana parva, 100. preepectoralis, Neocossyphus, 15. Pratincola rubicola, 95. princeps, Psittacus, 74. progne ansorgei, Diatropura, 45. , Diatropura, 45. Pseudoscolopax taczanowskii, 60. Psittacus erithacus, 74. princeps, 74. Ptilorhis intercedens, 35, 38, 39. Ptyrticus turdinus, 16, Pucrasia darwini, 32. styani, 32. Puffinus yelkouauus, 48. pulchella, Charmosynopsis, 35. purpurea, Ardea, 83. pusilla, Emberiza, 18, 28. ——, Pnoépyga, 96. Pyromelana ansorgei, 47. —— gierowi, 47. Pyrrhula europa, 24, 48. pyrrhula caspica, 48. rossikowi, 48. pyrrhula caspia, Pyrrhula, 48. , Pyrrhula, 48 Pyrrkurus orientalis, 16. Pytelia ansorgei, 47. Quiscalus crassirostris, 71. radiolatus, Dendrocolaptes, 66. raggiana, Paradisea, 35, 37, 39. Recurvirostra avocetta, 83. Regulus cristatus, 86. reichenowl, Pitta, 49. Rhopophilus atbeapere ar 33. Rhynchops nigra, 7 ridibundus, Larus, 85. riggenbachi, Galerida, 46. riparia, Cotile, 17. Rissa tridactyla, 82. roberti refescentior, Cossypha, 9. roseo-griseus, Turtur, 16. rossikowi, Pyrrhula, 48. rubicola, Pratincola, 95. rubiginosus rudolfi, Laniarius, 10. rudolfi, Laniarius, 10. rudolphi, Paradisornis, 35, 36. rueppelli, Amydrus, 16, 41. rufescentior, Cossypha, 9. rufidorsalis, Passer, 101. rufocinctus, Lioptilus, 6. , Parophasma, 7. rufula, Hirundo, 93. rufus, Phylloscopus, 74, 95. 112 Ruticilla titys, 4. ruwenzori, Caprimulgus, 94. sabinii, Xema, 103. saharze, Merops, 6. Salpornis emini, 16. sarda, Sylvia, 17. Saxicola halophila, 100. lugens, 100. —— stapazina, 4. schistocercus, Abbotornis, 11]. scheenicola canneti, Hmberiza, 98. sclateri, Guttera, 32. : Scolopax gallinago, 85. scoticus, Lagopus, 51, 52. —, Lagopus, x Lyrurus tetrix, 51, 52, 53, 58, 59. seimundi, Cinnyris, 19, 20. senafensis, Lybius, 29. senegallensis, Galerida, 45, 46. septentrionalis, Colymbus, 86. Sericornis balstoni, 72. seth-smithi, Guttera, 13, 14, 31. shelleyi, Turtur, 16. shortridgei, Geopelia, 72. sibilatrix, Phylloscopus, 4. simplicissima, Cisticola, 47. sinensis, Cotile, 17. Sitta amurensis, 59. —— bedfordi, 59. whiteheadi, 16. solitarius, Totanus, 25. souze, Harpolestes, 53. spinoletta blakistoni, Anthus, 97. coutelli, Anthus, 97. Sporeginthus amandava, 99. stapazina, Saxicola, 4. stelle, Charmosyna, 35, 36. stephanie, Astrapia, 35, 36. Stercorarius crepidatus, 86. Sterna cantiaca, 77, 83. dougalli, 78. —— fluviatilis, 78, 83. —— macrura, 79, 84. minuta, 77, 83, 84. styani, Pucrasia, 32. subalaris, Amblyornis, 36. sudanensis, Amadina, 44. Sula bassana, 79. superciliaris, Myiothera, 65. superciliosa, Anas, 96. swynnertoni, Erithacus, 4. , Tarsiger, 4. ——, Trochocercus, 43, 46. Sylvia deserticola, 6. galactodes, 15. hortensis, 53. nana deserti, 6. — olivia, 15. sarda, 17. Sylviella jacksoni, 16, 113 Sylviella olivie, 16. Sylvietta neumanni, 42. Syrnium aluco, 86. taczanowski, Pseudoscolopax, 60. Tadorna cornuta, 21, 22. Tarsiger swynnertoni, 4. temporalis, Agintha, 24, 25. Tetrao urogallus, 84. tetrix, Lyrurus, 51, 52. , X Lagopus scoticus, 51, 52, 53, 58, 59. Thamnolea claudei, 16. coronata, 16. titys, Ruticilla, 4. Todus viridis, 70, 71. torquilla, Inyx, 103. mauretanica, Iynx, 103. — tschusii, Lynx, 103. Totanus calidris, 83. —— solitarius, 25. Trachyphonus darnaudi, 30. usambiro, 30. margaritatus, 16. transcaspicus, Monticola, 43, tridactyla, Rissa, 82. Tringa alpina, 85. tristis, Phylloscopus, 4. Trochalopteron phceniceum bakeri, 10. trochilus eversmanni, Phylloscopus, 20, 21, 58. , Phylloscopus, 20, 95. Trochocercus albonotatus swynner- toni, 46. swynnertoni, 43, 46. troile, Uria, 83. tropicalis, Mirafra, 45, tschusii, Inyx, 103. turdinus, Ptyrticus, 16. Turdus, 34. [Vol. xxiii. Turdus atrigularis, 57. iliacus, 55. —— merula, 25. — musicus, 55. — philomelos, 55. — clarkei, 54. Turnix horsbrughi, 65. maculosa, 65. Turtur roseo-griseus, 16, shelleyi, 16. undatus, Lybius, 29. , Pogonorhynchus, 29. senafensis, Lybius, 29. Upupa epops, 100. major, 100. major, 100. Uria troile, 83. urogallus, Tetrao, 84. usambiro, Trachyphonus, 30, Vanellus vanellus, 83, 84. virginianus, Ortyx, 70. viridanus, Phylloscopus, 39. viridifrons, Crocopus, 67, 68. viridis, Gecinus, 25. , Todus, 70, 71. Vittata, Graueria, 8. vocifera, Aigialitis, 25. vulgaris, Buteo, 88. , Coccothraustes, 98. whiteheadi, Sitta, 16. Xema sabinii, 103. yelkouanus, Puffinus, 48. zedlitzi, Barbatula, 30. Printed by Taytor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. 4 : mY. Mi le is vats ily ‘ Pe vu Sy J (eh Tan. ALY 9 Vy, Advi Ao YUN 9088 00984 8219 ul