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BULLETIN

OF THE

BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB.

EDITED BY

N. B. KINNEAR.

VOLUME L,
SESSION 1929-1930.

LONDON:

WITHERBY & CO., 326 HIGH HOLBORN.

1930.

ALBRE @ FLAMMAM.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

PREFACE,

——

Durine the past Session the number of attendances at the
meetings of the Club was 458 members and 88 guests,
a total of 540, probably a record.

Apart from the usual exhibits, Mr. E. F. Pollock showed
an interesting series of slides of Australian birds ; Mr. H.
Stevens gave a graphic account of his travels in Western
China; Mr. Witherby described a recent ornithological ex-
pedition to Spain; and Lord Rothschild showed a wonderful
series of some of the rarer Birds-of-Paradise.

At the November meeting, which was held in conjunction
with the B.O.U., Dr. Ernst Hartert was presented with
the Salvin-Godman Medal. Dr. Hartert has now left
England for good, and he will be much missed at the
meetings of the Club, where he was always ready to take
part in the discussions.

We regret to record the death of several members.
Mr. EH. Bidwell and Mr. R. H. Read—both original members
and for many years very regular in attendance at the
meetings—Mr. C. HE. Pearson and Mr. J. B. Nichols.
Though not a member at the time of his tragic death, we
cannot omit to mention Mr. A. F. R. Wollaston, who for
seventeen years belonged to the Club.

N. B. KINNEAR,

Liditor.
London, July 1930.

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BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB.
(FounpEp Octoserr 5, 1892.)

TITLE AND OBJECTS.

The objects of the Club, which shall be called the
** British Ornithologists’ Club,” are the promotion of social
intercourse between Members of the British Ornithologists’
Union and to facilitate the publication of scientific infor-
mation connected with ornithology.

RULES.
(As amended, May 9, 1928.)

MANAGEMENT.

I. The affairs of the Club shall be managed by a
Committee, to consist of a Chairman, who shall be elected
for three years, at the end of which period he shall not be
eligible for re-election for the next term ; an Editor of the
‘Bulletin,’ who shall be elected for five years, at the end
of which period he shall not be eligible for re-election for
the next term; a Secretary and Treasurer, who shall be
elected for a term of one year, but shall be eligible for re-
election. There shall be in addition four other Members,
the senior of whom shall retire each year, and another
Member be elected in his place; every third year the two
senior Members shall retire and two other Members be
elected in their place. Officers and Members of the
Committee shall be elected by the Members of the Club at
a General Meeting, and the names of such Officers and
Members of Committee nominated by the Committee for
the ensuing year, shall be circulated with the notice
convening the General Meeting, at least two weeks before
the Meeting. Should any Member wish to propose another
candidate, the nomination of such, signed by at least two
Members, must reach the Secretary at least one clear week
before the Annual General Meeting.

VI

II. Any Member desiring to make a complaint of the
manner in which the affairs of the Club are conducted,
must communicate in writing with the Chairman, who will,
if he deem fit, calla Committee Meeting to deal with the
matter.

III. If the conduct of any Member shall be deemed by
the Committee to be prejudicial to the interests of the Club,
he may be requested by the Committee to withdraw from
the Club. In the case of refusal, his name may be removed
from the list of Members at a General Meeting, provided
that, in the notice calling the Mecting, intimation of the
proposed resolution to remove his name shall have been
given, and that a majority of the Members voting at such
Meeting record their votes for his removal.

A Member whose name has been removed shall forfeit all
privileges of Membership and shall have no claim on the
Club from the date of his removal.

SUBSCRIPTIONS.

IV. Any Member of the British Ornithologists’ Union
may become a Member of the Club on payment to the
Treasurer of an entrance-fee of one pound anda subscription
of one guinea for the current Session. On Membership
of the Union ceasing, Membership of the Club also ceases.

Any Member who has not paid his subscription before
the last Meeting of the Session, shall cease, ipso facto, to be
a Member of the Club, but may be reinstated on payment
of arrears.

Any Member who has resigned less than five years ago

may be reinstated without payment of another Entrance
Fee.

MEETINGS.

V. The Club will meet, as a rule, on the second Wednes-
day in every month, from October to June inclusive, at such
hour and place as may be arranged by the Committee, but
should such Wednesday happen to be Ash Wednesday, the
Meeting will take: place on the Wednesday following. At
these Meetings papers upon ornithological subjects will
be read, specimens exhibited and described, and discussion
invited.

VII

VI. A General Meeting of the Club shall be held
on the day of the October Meeting of each Session and
the Treasurer shall present thereat the Balance-sheet and
Report ; and the election of Officers and Committee, in so
far as their election is required, shall be held at such
Meeting.

VII. A Special General Meeting may be called at the
instance of the Committee, for any purpose which they
deem to be of sufficient importance, or at the instance
of not fewer than fifteen Members. Notice of not less than
two weeks shall be given of every General and Speciai
General Meeting.

INTRODUCTION OF VISITORS.

VIII. Members may introduce visitors at any ordinary
Meeting of the Club, but the same guest shall not be
eligible to attend on more than three occasions during
faa Session. No former Member, who has been peated
for non-payment of subscription, or for any other cause,
shall be allowed to attend as a guest.

‘ BULLETIN ’ OF THE Crus.

IX. An Abstract of the Proceedings of the Club shall be
printed as soon as possible after each Meeting, under the
title of the ‘ Bulletiu of the British Ornithologists’ Club ’”
and shall be distributed gratis to every Member who has
paid his subscription.

Contributors are entitled to six free copies of the
‘Bulletin,’ but if they desire to exercise this privilege,
they must give notice to the Editor when their manuscript
is handed in. Members purchasing extra copies of the
‘Bulletin’ are entitled to a rebate of 25 per cent. on
the published price, but not more than two copies can be
sold to any Member unless ordered before printing.

Descriptions of new species may be published in the
‘Bulletin,’ although such were not communicated at the
Meeting of the Club. This shall be done at the discretion
of the Editor and so long as the publication of the ‘ Bulletin’
is not unduly delayed thereby.

Any person speaking at a Meeting of the Club shall
be allowed subsequently—subject to the discretion of the
Editor—to amplify his remarks in the ‘Bulletin,’ but
no fresh matter shall be incorporated with such remarks.

Vill

X. No communication, the whole or any important part
of which has already been published elsewhere, shall be
eligible for publication in the ‘ Bulletin,’ except at the
discretion of the Editor; and no communication made
to the Club may be subsequently published elsewhere
without the written sanction of the Editor.

ALTERATION AND RepErat or RULES.

XI. Any suggested alteration or repeal of a standing rule
shall be submitted to Members to be voted upon at a General
Meeting convened for that purpose.

COMMITTEE, 1929-1930.

. P. R. Lowe, Chairman. Elected 1927.
. B. Kinnear, Editor of the ‘ Bulletin’ Elected 1925.
W. Mackworra- Praep, Hon. Secretary and Treasurer.
Elected 1929.
. L. Burter. Elected 1927.
. H. Newman. Elected 1927.
. W. Tucker. Elected 1928.
. J. F. Barrineron. Elected 1929.

Officers of the British Ornithologists’ Club,

Past and Present.

Chairmen,

P. L. Scrater, F.R.S.
Lord RotruscHixp, F.R.S.
W. L. Scrater.

H. F. WitTHERBY.

Dr. P. R. Lowe.

Editors.

R. Bowp Ler SHARPE.
W. R. OGILviE-GRANT.
D. A. BANNERMAN.

D. Seru-SmiruH.

De Bok. Lown:

N. B. Kinnear.

1892-1913.
1918-1918.
1918-1924.
1924-1927.
1927-

1892-1904.
1904-1914.
1914-1915.
1915-1920.
1920-1925.
1925-—

Honorary Secretaries and Treasurers.

Howarp SAUNDERS.

W. E. pE Winton.

H. F. WirHERBY.

Dr, P.Re Lowe:

C. G. TatBor-Ponsonsy.
D. A. BANNERMAN.

Dr. Puitie GOssE.

J. L. Bonnote.

C. W. Mackworru-PRAED.

Dr. G. CarMIcHAEL Low.

C. W. MackwortrH-PRAED.

1892-1899.
1899-1904.
1904-1914.
1914-1915.
1915-1918.
1918-1919.
1919-1920.
1920-1922.
1922-1925.
1923-1929.
1929-

LIST OF MEMBERS.

JUNE 1930.
ere

“ Actanp, Miss C. M., Walwood, Banstead, Surrey.
Apams, Ernest E,; Lloyd’s, Royal Exchange, E.C. 3.

Atpxanper, H. G.; 144 Oak Tree Lane, Selly Oak, Birmingham.

Aptry, Oxiver Vernon; Stonehill House, Bloxham, Banbury, Oxon.

5/Barty, W. Snore; Boyers House, Westbury, Wilts.

“ Baxrr, EK. C. Stuart, J.P., F.Z.S., F.L.S.; 6 Harold Road, Upper
Norwood, S.E. 19.

/Bannerman, Davip A., M.B.E., B.A., F.R.S.E.; British Museum
(Natural History), S.W.7, and 7 Pembroke Gardens, Ken-
sington, W. 8.

~ Barrineton, Frupertcx J. F., M.S., F.R.C.S. (Committee); Uni-
versity College Hospital Medical School, Gower Street, W.C. 1.

Bares, G. L.; Bitye Ehbolowa, French Cameroons.

10” Buse, Miss M. G. S.; 28 Paulton’s Square, Chelsea, 8. W. 3.
Braavuw, F. E., C.M.Z.S. ; Gooilust, s’Graveland, Hilversum, Noord-
Holland. |

/ Boorman, S.; Heath Farm, Send, Woking, Surrey.

‘ Boorn, H. B.; “ Ryhill,” Ben Rhydding, Yorks.

’ Boyp, A. W.; Frandley House, near Northwich.

15 Braprorp, A. D.; Garsten House, near Watford.
Braprorp, Sir J. Rost, K.C.M.G., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S.; 8 Man-
chester Square, W.1.
Brown, Gore; Hotel Suisse, Kandy, Ceylon, and Coombe Manor,
Hungerford, Berks.
Browne, Patrick, R.E., Firwood, Trumpington Road, Cambridge.
“Bunyarp, P. F., F.Z.S.; 57 Kidderminster Road, Croydon.
20 Buruer, ArtHur L. (Committee); St. Leonard’s Park, Horsham,
Sussex,
Buxton, AntHony; Knighton, Buckhurst Hill, Essex.
CHapman, F. M.; American Museum of Natural History, New
York, U.S.A.

~Cuarteris, Hon. G. L.; 26 Catherine Street, Buckingham Palace

Road, 8.W. 1.

XII

CHASEN, Fruperick N.; Raffles Museum, Singapore.
25 CuersMan, Major R. E., O.B.E.; E. India United Service Club,
16 St. James’s Square, S.W. 1.
Crarkn, Brig.-General Gotawp van Hotr, C.M.G., D.S.0. F.ZS. ;
Wiston Park, Steyning, Sussex. |
Crarke, Jonn P. SrepHenson; Broadhurst Manor, Horsted Keynes,
Sussex.
CrarKkE, Col. SrepHenson Rosert, C.B., F.Z.8.; Borde Hill, Cuck-
field, Sussex.
“ Cunave, Henry P. O.; Mansfield House, Kendrick Road,
Reading.
30 Cocurann, Captain Heyry L., R.N. (Retd.); The Chase, Whaddon,
Bletchley, Bucks. :
Cottier, Cuartes, F.Z.S.; Bridge House, Culmstock, Devon.
¥ Cox, Major-Gen. Sir Percy Z., G.C.LE., G.C.M.G., K.C.S.I. ;
c/o Grindlay & Co., 54 Parliament Street, S.W. 1.
Cunninenam, Jostas; Fernhill, Belfast.
Curtis, Freprrick, F.R.C.S.; Alton House, Redhill, Surrey.

35 Deanez, Rosert H.; Seaford House Golf Club, Seaford, Sussex.
Detacour, M. Jean; Chateau de Cleres (Seine-Inf.), France.
YDetm&-Rapeorirre, Lieut.-Col. A., D.S.0.; Cypress Lodge, Bridge

Street, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey.

Detmi-Ravotirrr, Lieut.-Col. H., F.Z.8., F.R.G.8.; ¢/o Lloyds
Bank (Cox & Co.’s Branch), F. Dept., 6 Pall Mall, &.W. 1.
Dewuorst, Captain F. W., Royal Marine L.I.; Elmwood, North

End, Hampstead, N.W. 3.
40 Doxpiz, Wittiam Henry, M.R.C.S. ; 2 Hunter Street, Chester.
Duncan, ArtHur Bryce; Newlands, Dumfries.
Duncan, WattEeR Bryczk; Newlands, Dumfries.
Exuis, H. Wittovenby, F.Z.S., F.E.S.; Speldhurst Close, Seven-
oaks, Kent.
Exsuis, Raupa, Junior, 242) Ridge Road, Berkeley, California.
45 Evans, Arntaur Humprz, M.A., D.Sc., F.Z.8.; Cheviot House,
Crowthorne, Berks.
Ezra, A., O.B.K., F.Z.S.; Foxwarren Park, Cobham, Surrey.
’ Ferrier, Miss Juprra M.; Hemsby Hall, Suffolk.
Finiinson, Honacr W., F.Z.S.; 50 St. Michaels Road, Bedford.
Fisner, Kenneru; School House, Oundle, Northamptonshire.
50 Fremine, James M.; Drumwalt, Long Road, Cambridge.
Frowrer, Major 8. 8.; Spencersgreen End, Tring, Herts.

XIII

Fourkes-Roserts, Captain P. R.; Badagry, Nigeria, West Africa,
and Westwood, Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire.
Guinae, W. E,; The House, Albion Brewery, Whitechapel Rd., K.1.

GuenisteR, A. G.; c/o Messrs. Osborne & Chappel, Ipoh, Perak,
Federated Malay States.

GoopatL, J. M.; The Nest, Bembridge, Isle of Wight.

Grant, Capt. C. H. B., F.Z.8.; Ujii, Kigoma, Tanganyika Territory,

EK, Africa, vid Dar-es-Salaam.

Gruy oF Fatropon, Viscount, K.G., P.C., F.Z.S.; Fallodon, Christon
Bank, R.S.0., Northumberland.

Grirriva, ARTHUR F.; 3 Evelyn Terrace, Brighton.

Gurney, G. H., F.Z.S.; Keswick Hall, Norwich, Norfolk.

GYLDENSTOLPE, Count Nits; Royal (Natural History) Museum,
Stockholm, Sweden.

Hacutsuxa, The Hon. Masavs1; Mita Shiba, Tokyo, Japan.
Haic, Tuomas, Mrs. Rosr; Strand on the Green, W. 4.

Hateu, Grorez Henry Caron, F.Z.S.; Grimsby Hall, Great
Grimsby, Lincolnshire.

Hatz, Rev. James R., M.A.; Boxley Vicarage, Maidstone, Kent.

6x Hamerron, Colonel A. E.; 1 Park Village West, Regent’s Park,

NOW. 1.

/ Harrison, Bernarp Guy; 45 St. Martin’s Lane, W.C. 2.

Harrison, Dr. James M., D.S.C.; St. Annes, 1 Tub’s Hill, Seven-
oaks, Kent.

V Harrisson, Txomas H. ; Newlands, Harrow-on-the-Hill, Middlesex.

(5

Harrert, Ernst, Ph.D., F.Z.8.; 606 Albrechtstrasse,
Sudende.

Hawker, R. M.; Bath Club, Dover Street, W.1.

Huaru, R. E.; 54 Brompton Square, S.W. 3.

Herpert, Capt. E.G.; Bracken How, Sheringham, Norfolk.

Hert, Grorrrey Srocomsr, M.B., F.R.C.S., F.Z.8.; 86 Brook Street,
Grosvenor Square, W. 1.

Hopextn, Mrs. T. Epwarp; Old Ridley, Stocksfield, Northumber-
land.

Hops, R. F.; 29 Queen’s Gate Terrace, 8. W. 7.

Hopkinson, Emitius, C.M.G., D.8.0., M.B., F.Z.8.; Wynstay,
Balcombe, Sussex.

Hutson, Capt. H. P. W., R.E.; c/o 40th (Fortress) Coy. R.E.,
Wellington Barracks, Hong Kong.

Inewis, C. McFaruane; Natural History Museum, Darjiling, India.

Ingram, Capt. Cottinewoop; The Grange, Benenden, Cranbrook,
Kent.

Berlin,

So

XIV

JABOUILLE, PrerrE; Hué, Annam, Indo-China.
Janson, CuarLes W.; 16 Wilton Crescent, S.W. 1.

~ Jourpain, Rev. F. C. R., M.A., H.F.A.O.U., H.M.S.O. de France ;

85

Whitekirk, 4 Belle Vue Road, Southbourne, Hants.

Kinnear, Norman B (Editor of the ‘ Bulletin’); British Museum
(Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W. 7.

Kioss, C. Bopsn; Raffles Museum, Singapore, Straits Settle-
ments, and Royal Societies Club, St. James’s Street, 8. W. 1.

Kuropa, Dr. Nagamicur; Fukuyoshi Cho, Akasaka, Tokyo,
Japan.

La Tovcue, J. D.; Kiltymon, Newtownmountkennedy, Co. Wicklow,
Ireland.

Larptaw, Tuomas GeppEs ; Halmyre, West Linton, Peeblesshire.

Lewis, Jonn Spepan, F.Z.S.; North Hall, Mortimer Crescent,
Greville Road, St. John’s Wood, N.W. 6.

/ Low, Grorcb CarmicuaEL, M.A., M.D., C.M., F.R.C.P., F.Z.8.;

go

86 Brook Street, Grosvenor Square, W. 1.

‘Lown, P. R., O.B.E., B.A., M.B., B.C., F.Z.8. (Chairman) ; British

Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, 8.W. 7.

’ Lucas, Naraanisr 8., M.B., F.Z.S.; 19 Westbourne Terrace, Hyde

Park, W 2:

Lynes, Rear-Admiral Huspert, R.N., C.B., C.M.G.; 23 Onslow
Gardens, S.W. 7.

Macxenziz£, Joun M. D., B.A., C.M.Z.S.; 6 The Circus, Bath.

/ Mackwortn-Prarp, ©. W., F.Z.S8. (Hon. Sec. & Treasurer) ;

95

51 Onslow Gardens, 8.W. 7.

/Macminian, Captain W. E. F.; 42 Onslow Square, S.W. 7.

Macnaeuren, Sir Henry P. W.; 10 Hyde Park Square, W. 2.

/McNettez, J. H.; Guards’ Club, Brook Street, W.1.

I0o

Macratu, Lieut.-Colonel H. A. F.; 48 Grosvenor Road, West-
minster, S.W. 1.

Manson-Banr, P. H., D.S.0., M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P.. F.Z.S. ;
9 Weymouth Street, W. 1.

Maruews, G. M., F.L.S., F.Z.S.; Meadway, St. Cross, Winchester,
Hants.

May, W. Norman, M.D.; The White House, Sonning, Berks.

Mayaup, Nort; 1 Rue de Bordeaux, Saumur, France.

Meape-Watpo, E. G. B., F.Z.8.; Stonewall Park, Edenbridge,
Kent.

Meixieyoun, Arnotp H.; 15 Ox Lane, Harpenden, Herts.

105

IFO

115

120

125

xv

MeinertzHacen, Colonel R., D.S.0., F.Z.8.; 17 Kensington Park
Gardens, W. 8.

MicuHouts, Dorotuy, Silver Birches, Wentworth, Virginia Water.

Momiyama, Toxu Taro; 1146 Sasazka, Yoyohata-mati, Tokyo, Japan.

Munn, P. W.; Puerto Alcudia, Majorca, Balearic Isles, Spain.

Mustrrs, James Lawrence CHawortH; Royal Societies Club,
St. James’s Street, S.W. 1.

Navumsure, Mrs. W. W.; 121 East 64th Street, New York.

Newman, T. H., F.Z.S. (Committee); Verulam, Forty Lane,
Wembley, Middlesex.

Norris, JosepH Parxus; Board of Viewers, Philadelphia County,
Room 816 City Centre Building, Broad and Chestnut Streets,
Philadelphia, U.S.A.

OxtpHam, Cuas., F.Z.S.; The Bollin, Shrublands Road, Berk-
hamsted, Herts.

Osmaston, Bertram BrerEsForD; 116 Banbury Road, Oxford. _

Parkin, Tuomas, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.8.; Fairseat, High Wickham,
Hastings.

Penrose, Francis G., M.D., F.Z.8.; Rathkeale, 51 Surrey Road,
Bournemouth.

Prrsnouse, Major 8.; c/o Lloyds Bank (Cox & King’s Branch),
6 Pall Mall, S.W. 1.

Pirman, Capt. C. R. 8., D.S.0., M.C., Game Warden, Entebbe,
Uganda; c/o C. HE. Pitman, C.I.E., Greystoke, Dawlish,
Devon.

Prayer, W. J. P.; Wernfadog, Clydach R.S.O., Glamorganshire.

PorpHam, Hueu Lryzorne, M.A.; Houndstreet House, Pensford,
Somerset.

Rarcuirr, F. R.; 29 Connaught Square, W. 2.

Rickert, C. B., F.Z.8.; 27 Kendrick Road, Reading, Berks.

Rivizre, B. B., F.R.C.8.; Hill House, Saxlingham, Norwich.

Roruscaitp, LionpL Wattrr—Lord, D.Se., F.R.S., Ph.D., F.Z.S.
(Chairman, 1913-1918); Tring Park, Herts.

Scrarer, Wittiam Lurrey, M.A., F.Z.S. (Chairman, 1918-1924) ;

10 Sloane Court, S.W. 1.
Sconzn, The Rt. Hon. Muneo Davin—Lord; Scone Palace, Perth.

Seru-Smiru, Davin, F.Z.S.; Curator’s House, Zoological Gardens,
Regent’s Park, N.W. 8.

Seton, Sir Marcorm C. C., K.C.B.; 26 Upper Park Road, Haver-
stock Hill, N.W. 3.

‘Sarpton, Wa., B.A., M.D.; 2 The Square, Buxton.

XVI

130 Siwonps, Major Maurice H., Fines Baylewick, Binfield, Berks.

135

140

T45

150

SrapEnN, Major A. G. L., M.C.; Kingswood House, The Lee,
Great Missenden, Bucks.

SmaLLey, Freperick W., F.Z.8., Uppleby House, Parkstone,
Dorset.

SnouckaERT van Scuavsure, Baron Renz Cuartes; Hotel les
Terrasses, Territet, Switzerland.

Sparrow, Col. R., C.M.G., D.S.0., F.Z.8., F.R.G.8S.; The Lodge,
Colne Engaine, Earls Colne, Essex.

Starnes, J. W. C.; Portchester, Hants.

StEvens, Hersert; Clovelly, Beaconsfield Road, Tring, Herts.

Stoxss, Capt. H. Srepuen; Longdon, Rugeley, Staffordshire.

StongeHaM, Captain H. F., O.B.E., F.E.S.; The East Surrey
Demesne, P.O. Charangani, Trans-Nzoia, Kenya Colony,
British East Africa.

Sruart-Menteru, W. G.; Bransfield, Godstone, Surrey.

Styan, F. W., F.Z.S.; Stone Street, near Sevenoaks.

Swynnerton, C. F. Massy; Poste Restante, Dar-es-Salaam,
Tanganyika Territory, Kast Africa.

Taxa-T'suxasa, Prince Noxsusuxe; 1732 Kamimeguro, Meguro,
Tokyo, Japan.

TatBot-Ponsonsy, C. G.; 5 Crown Office Row, Temple, E.C. 4.

Tavistock, Hastines Wittiam Sacxvitte, Marquis of, F.Z.S.;
Warblington House, Havant.

Tomson, A. LanpsporoueH, O.B.E., D.Sc.; 9 Addison Gardens,
W. 14.

THorrr, W. H., M.A., Ph.D.; Imperial Bureau of Entomology,
Farnham House Laboratory, Farnham Royal, Bucks.

TrcrHurst, Craup B., M.A., M.D.; Saxon House, Appledore,
Kent.

Ticenvurst, N. F., O.B.E., M.A., M.B., F.R.C.S., F.Z.8.; 24 Peven-
sey Road, St. Leonards-on-Sea.

Tucker, B. W., B.A., F.Z.S. (Committee); 9 Marston Ferry Road,
Oxford.

Turner, Miss HE. L., F.Z.8.; The Half Way Cottage, 13 Storey’s
Way, Cambridge.

TurtiE, Lancetot J.; Rosemount, Knock, Belfast.

Tyrwuitt-Draxr, Huer G., F.Z.8S.; Cobtree Manor, Sandling,
Maidstone.

Ureunart, Capt. Atasrarr, D.S.0., Latimer Cottage, Latimer,
Chesham, Bucks.

XVI

Van Somreren, Dr. V. G. L.; c/o Med. Depart. P.O. Box 140,
Nairobi, B. Kast Africa.
155 VeERNAY, A.S.; 51 Berkeley Square, W. 1.
Waire, Herserr Wirtiam; c/o Messrs. Grindlay & Co. Ltd.
Bombay.
Watuis, H. M.; Ashton Lodge, 68 Elmhurst Road, Reading.
Ware, R.; Leatwood, Frant, Tunbridge Wells.
Wuistier, Hueu, F.Z.8., F.L.8.; Caldbec House, Battle, Sussex.
160 Warraxer, JoserH I. 8., F.Z.8.; Malfitano, Palermo, Sicily.
Waurrr, S. J., F.Z.S.; 17 Philpot Lane, E.C.3
Wuittey, H.; Primley, Paignton, 8. Devon.
Wuymerr, Samuet Lerten ; Oriental Club, Hanover Square, W. 1.
Witiiams, Victor Owen; 6 Crown Office Row, Temple, E.C. 4.
Wintiamson, Sir W. J. F., C.M.G., F.Z.S.; c/o Lloyds Bank, 6 Pall
Mall; S.W. 1.
Wiye, J.Srtapen ; 21 Cheyne Gardens, Chelsea Embankment, S. W.3.
Wrroersy, Harry F., M.B.E., F.Z.8. (Chairman, 1924-1927) ;
326 High Holborn, W.C. 1.
Wiruerinetor, G.; Sumner Plat, Hayward’s Heath.
Woop, Dr. Cassy A., M.D.; c/o The Library of Ornithology,
McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
17o CU. R. Woop; c/o Messrs. Martins Ltd. (marked “ Personal”),
54 Sussex Place, South Kensington, 8.W. 7.
Workman, Witiiam Hvueuss, F.Z.8.; Lismore, Windsor, Belfast.
Worms, CHaries bE; Milton Park, Egham, Surrey.

165

New Members for the Session .. 10
Total number of Members .... i172
NOTICE.

[Members are specially requested to keep the Hon. Secretary
informed of any changes in their addresses, and Members
residing abroad should give early notification of coming home
on leave. |

VOL. L. b

List OF AUTHORS

AND OTHER PERSONS REFERRED TO.

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING © Ahk. ccolhe. ae ok eee

Baker, E. C. Stuart.

Comments on C. B. Kloss’s communication in the April
Bae iit fs wihintelatind ke oe biee epithe. ks ph ee Rei eames

BaNNERMAN, D. A.

Description of a dusky race of Stone-Partridge (Pézlo-
pachus petrosus saturatior) from Cameroon ..............

Note on the races of Neotts cafra, with description of a
new form (Nevtis cafra jackson) trom Kenya Colony ......
Batss, G. L.
Remarks on variation in the birds of a certain locality in
the mountains OfCameroon..’.ceeie. be ee aes eRe «+
Burpet, Dr. A.

Exhibition of cinematograph-tilms of Dutch birds etc... ..
CHAIRMAN S ANNUAL ADDRESS 0) Wi: heii so pe oe cede en site a
—— —— ——,, Correction to .. cece ccc cece eee ee eee

CuaseEn, F. N., and Kross, C. Boprn,

Proposed the name of Briania for MNetidula Jerd. &
LEU ACD Ns cP VAPOR Sa SUM ADA, ir ea

ConmManrEE FOR 1929-19305, Noe. i. eee Ee... h

Epwarps, V. C. WYNNE.

A paper entitled Hcological Studies of Birds in Devon,
illustrated by lantern-slides ........ hit EPRI SE AL oie A nee ae

34

69

65

XIx

GODMAN-SALVIN MEDAL presented to Dr. Ernst Hartert ....

Hartert, Dr. Ernst.
Presentation to, of the Godman-Salvin Medal ...,......

Hieuam, W. E.

Exhibition of a cinematograph-film of Montague’s Harrier
PIMET DITOS EY ho ecg ha Ne Nae eet k a6 ita adlne Artie tg ns

INGRAM, COLLINGWOOD.
Note on the occurrence of Locustella fasciolata in Ushant .

JouRDAIN, Rev. F. C. R.
Exhibition of two clutches of eggs of Pallas’s Sand-
Grouse (Syrrhaptes paradoxus) laid in Yorkshire in 1888 ..

Kinnear, N. B.
Correction 7e measurements of Tephrodornis gularis
BPP OCM ORE Ste hace a oS ew dit ye de) n dvisiel s'aie'e wes b
Description of a new form ( Timelia pileatau dicatator) from
ee Me TE ee goa yes eral gn a5) gi wey oth hl os Lo st:

K1oss, C. BopEn.

Note on the Ruby-cheek, Chalcoparia singalensis (Gmel.),
and proposal of the new name of Chalcoparia singalensis
@ssumensis for the bird from Cachar <.........--.00..0s%5

Note on the name of the Malayan Fairy Bluebird (Lena
RC 5's oh 1 so Mee Nae gs bbe siewh ev ee cage te de:

——. See Cuasen, F. N.

Kuropa, Dr.
Proposed the new name ot Dryobates kizuwki peters: for
Yungipicus kizuki harterti, preoccupied ............00005 .

Low, Dr. G. CarmMicHAEL.
Retirement of, as Hon. Socretary and Treasurer ........

LowgE, Dr. Percy R.
eehaicmarne Annnal Address cuss s.ca.. 4s oeledecoiacss.

MackwortTuH-Praep, C. W.
Election of, as Hon. Secretary and Treasurer ..........

MEINERTZHAGEN, Col. R.
Description of a new form of Babbler (Argya caudatus
Peer merann, DACTIAAG, Lieu e le nA ANA ae eek ee dale

Page
14

14

59

16

69

82

18

22

LH
ey

MATHEWS, Gregory M.

Descriptions of a new genus, new forms, and new names :—
Zosterops lateralis norfolkensis, Catharacta antarctica
batchelori, Megupodius reinwardt yorki, Cyrtostomus frenatus
valia, Diomedea dabbenena, Glycifohia and G. gonada ......

Description of a new subspecies of Cormorant (Séectocarbo
punctatus sasst), and proposed the new generic name of
Huttonena for Cabalus Hutton, preoceupied, and Sterna
striata aucklandorna as a new name for Sterna bethunet, also
PYEGECUDIE 5 oo... pet Ake BN ES, 3d reer et at peere 6 be

Descriptions of a new genus of Parrot (Doreenia) and two
new subspecies ( Anthus noveseelundie taupoensis and Cyano-
rhamphus auriceps novana) from New Zealand ..........++

Proposed the new name of Limnocinelus acuminatus juva
for 7,, a. rupescens Math., preoccupied | eee i.e. oe sees

Note on a Shearwater for which he proposed the new.

name Of Pugs ther nanveie guns mnie. saved epee: tot

Proposed the new name of Broderipornis for Broderipus
PFOUAD. Paieiew yes. Welees aos! aia svedeeageys eset baie bs cig eRe a Me Exe

Mayr, Dr. Ernst.

Account of travels in New Guinea ........ Shy ti sgh poe OE

Potiock, E. F.

Iixhibition of lantern-slides of Australian Birds and their
LN OR ee ee same ee: yor atiE pee eae oar. RRL

RoruscHIvp, Lord.

Hxhibition of coloured drawings of Casuwarius casuarius
altijugus, C. unappendiculatus aurantiacus, and one of a form
of C. casuarius resembling C. violicollis, all living in Mr.
Winitley siaviariesmat aie mtOn ye. 2 abins% we abe eeisein lee oe

Remarks on the luamimeneciets, 2.5. oi.) We spe b¥ern se ele eee eae

Exhibition of the three known species of Orange Birds-of-
Payvadise.:C Xanthomelus) 2c.» iasetremrater 6 eee Gee re ex

Remarks on Birds-of-Paradise known only from single
PXAMIPLES Sr oc io o's s seo oe mgletths « «hin GRRE Meet Paes

Exhibition of a male of the melanistic mutant of the
Common. Pneasant:.:\. . <b. oc wren cee ak

eooeeeeer see eee @

Jixhibition of slides of birds and eggs of Sarus Cranes
(GrUS MUTIGOUE) Ooo Sinn sv a vi URED ARIES. saat adele ere Dee te 4,

Page

10

19

19

38

XXI

Rotuscuiip, Lord (cont.).
Exhibition of the three races of Song-Thrush (7vrdus
Pie PRCCHAS TT 5). 54.9 34) Hertctetetedt sae ako, a LRT BEES TAA MST 6 oh 2 ae

Delivered a personal message from Dr, Hartert.......+..

Exhibition of eggs of Nesocichla eremita and Pelecanoides
MME CUCHNNE 6 ow cen via 0 ee he Vein fe yen eee tes

Stevens, H.

Account of a recent trip in Western China ............

STRESEMANN, Dr. KE.

Description of a new form of Owl (Ninow noveseclandie
Boumorairs) trom the Kei Islands .....4..06.5. 00-6 cenenss

Tavistock, Marquis of.
Exhibition and remarks on two hybrid Parrakeets (Spatho-
pterus alexandre x Ptistes erythropterus and Ptistes erythro-
WBICTUAS -ALISLEIUS SUIMENSIS)) ow oe hoe ee cw ewens pict

THomson, Ian.

Exhibition of lantern-slides of Montague’s Harrier taken
in Norfolk

@) (6) ,01 40: a) 0) ©. Gy ere) ve: 1a) 6 0) Ge, eo) 0) ‘a: 16: 0" 6) ee ev! oe 6) 1 (ot @) : {6 8) aj*e) eo :0ge 8 ¢: 6

Ticrnvrst, Dr. C. B.
Remarks on two Sand-Plovers in his own collection from
Ras-el-Bar (mouth of the Nile) for which he proposed to
resuscitate the name of Charadrius columbinus Wagler

Proposed the new name of Falco tinnunculus japonensis for
F. t. japonica Temm. & Schl., which is preoccupied

Remarks on Streptopelia decaocto decaoctO ....44. eee.

Exhibition of an adult and chick in down of the Western
Mediterranean Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus mauretanicus) . .

Remarks on a small collection of birds from the Arakan
Yomas, with description of a new form of Alcippe (Alcippe
nepalensis stanfordr)

Wattits, H. M.

Remarks on the probable recurrence of a pair of Lammer-
gejer in South-western Alps

Cee iss wo) Wa, EF OL 'e -*) Cas a) ay eh ay a @) €) 4) '8>. 8 e¢ a «

Wetmore, Dr. ALEXANDER.
Resumé of Birds of Haiti

74

46

61

40

85

17

82

XXIT

WHIiISTLER, HuGu.

Description of a new subspecies of Titmouse (Parus major
ztaratensis) from Baluchistan, and remarks on the Grey Tits
of the North-west Frontier of India ......-iie25265 5.054.

Exhibition of chicks in down of the dark hybrid or mutant
PRGASANG ck, ik 8 orion 5 On k RR A OE baer ele pied

Description of two new forms from Kashmir :—Cyornis
tricolor notatus and Acrocephalus concinens hokre..........

Wirunrsy, H. F.

Read a paper on his expedition in Kastern Spain........

Page

70

74

oe

Rant Wsom j

BULLETIN

OF THE

BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS' CLUB.
No. CCCXXXV.

Tun three-hundred-and-thirtieth Meeting of the Club was
held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street,
W.1, on Wednesday, October 9, 1929.

Chairman: Dr. P. R. Lowe.

Members present :—Miss C.M. Actanp; H. C. Stuart
Baker; D. A. Bannerman; F. J. F. BarRineton ; Miss
M. G. 8. Best; Gzorce Brown; P. F. Bunyarn ; A. L.
Burter; Major R. BH. Cueesman; Sir Prroy Z. Cox; R. H.
Deane; Major S. 8S. Frower; W. E. Gurnee; Rev. J. R.
Hate; Col. A. E. Hamerton ; R. HE. Huate ; R. F. Hope ;
Dr. E. Hopkinson; Rev. F. C. R. Jourpain; N. B.
Kinnear (Editor) ; C. Bopen Koss ; Dr. G. CaRMICHAEL
Low ; N.8. Lucas; C. W. Mackwortu-Pragp (fon. Sec.
& Treas.); Lt.-Col. H. A. F. Macrata; Dr. P. Manson-
Baur; G. M. Marsews; T. H. Newman; ©. OLDHAM ;
Lord Roruscurtp; W. L. Sciater; D. Sers-Smira ;
Marquis of Tavistock; A. LaNDSBOROUGH THOMSON ;

{ October 81st, 1929. ] a VOL. L.

Vol. 1.] 2

Dr. C. B. Ticknurst; B. M. Tucker; H. M. Watts;
C. R. Woop; C. pE Worms.

Guests present :—N. B. Cottart; W.H. Hare; J.P. R.
Hate; Miss Doreen Horpern; C. M. Ineuis; R. Merkue-
JOHN ; Ernst SCHWARTZ.

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.

Tus was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, Great Portland
Street, immediately preceding the Dinner. Dr. P. R. Lowe
was in the Chair.

The Minutes of the last General Meeting were read.
Mr. Bunyard objected to their accuracy. After some dis-
cussion they were confirmed with no other dissentient.
Dr. G. Carmichael Low presented the Balance Sheet for
the year, and pointed out that it showed continued prosperity.
The Balance Sheet was duly passed.

The Annual Report was then presented. Dr. Low re-
marked that the position of the Club was a favourable one.
The following members had resigned :—N. B. Coltart, Major
Congreve, H. Hughes Onslow, and B. J. Ringrose. No
member had to be removed for non-payment of subscription.
He regretted to announce the following deaths :—A. K.
Collett, Sir F. J. Jackson, J. B. Nichols, R. H. Read, and
H. C. Robinson.

Mr. ©. W. Mackworru-Prarp was elected Honorary
Secretary and Treasurer in place of Dr. G. Carmichael
Low retiring. A vote of thanks was passed to the retiring
Honorary Secretary.

Mr. F. J. F. Barrineton was elected a Member of the
Committee in place of Major S. 8S. Flower retiring through
seniority. Mr. WaAtLis asked if any decision had been made
regarding the balance at the Bank. Dr. G. C. Low replied
that a sub-committee had been appointed to consider the
question of obtaining a room for the Club, but he had not
heard what progress had been made,

[Vol. 1.

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GOTO SISINOTOHLINYO HSILIUA

Vol. 1.] 4

Committee, 1929-1930.
Dr. P. R. Lows, Chairman (elected 1927).
N. B. Kinnear, Editor (elected 1925).
C. W. Mackwortu-Prarp, Hon. Sec. §& Treasurer
(elected 1929),
A. L. Butter (elected 1927).
T. H. Newman (elected 1927).
B. W. Tucker (elected 1928).
F.J. I. Barrinaton (elected 1929).

On behalf of Mr. Collingwood Ingram, Dr. P. R. Lows
read the following note on the occurrence of Locustella
fasciolata in Ushant :—

On the night of September 26th, 1913, a number of birds
struck the Creach light on the island of Ouessant (Ushant),
off the coast of Finistére, N.W. France. Amongst these
was a specimen of Gray’s Grasshopper-Warbler, Locustella
fasciolata (Gray). The lighthouse-keeper, M. Duchene,
said that he recognised the bird as an infrequent visitor to
the light. Misled by this statement, I at first imagined
that the bird was an immature Great Reed-Warbler,
and labelled it as such. JI am indebted to Dr. Claude
Ticehurst for drawing attention to the mistake. The very
minute rictal bristles and graduated tail, of course, prove
conclusively that this Warbler belongs to the genus Locustella
and not to Acrocephalus.

In measurements and coloration this Ouessant skin is
exactly matched by a specimen in the British Museum
taken during the same month (September) by Dr. Hose in
the Celebes, and also by undated skins collected by Wallace.
in the Malay Archipelago where the bird is said to
winter,

This is apparently the first time Locustella fasciolata has
been recorded from Hurope.

[Mr. Ingram has very kindly presented the specimen to
the British Museum.—ED. |

5 [ Vol. sh. .

Lord RoruscHiLp exhibited coloured drawings of Casu-
arius casuarius altijugus Sclat. and C. unappendiculatus
aurantiacus Rothsch., done from life by H. Grénvold from
birds in the possession of Mr. Whitley at Paignton. He
said that, when he published in the ‘Transactions of the
Zoological Society’ the monograph ot the Cassowaries, he
adopted the view that all the two-wattled Cassowaries were
subspecies of the Ceram bird C. casuarius casuarzus ; but
the B.O.U. and British Museum Expedition to the Snow
Mountains of New Guinea found that the Blue-necked and
Sclater’s Cassowaries lived in the same area, thus proving
that the bicaruncuiatus group of two-wattled Cassowaries
was distinct from the casuarius group proper. This showed
that Sclater was right and Salvadori was wrong ; and that
the two two-wattled Cassowaries obtained by Laglaize on or
around the shores of Geelvink Bay are two distinct species ;
C. altijugus is the representative of the Ceram Cassowary
Casuarius casuarius casuarius (Linn.), while the other,
Salvadori’s Cassowary C’. salvadorw Milne-Edw., is the repre-
sentative of the Aru Island Two-wattled Cassowary Casu-
aris bicarunculatus bicarunculatus. A contributing factor
in the confusion has been that the Continental ornithologists
have always applied the name Casuarius beccarii to the bird
whose real name is altijugus. The true C. beccarii, however,
comes from Wokan Island, Aru Islands, and is a much
smaller bird with much smaller wattles and an entirely blue
fore neck with no red bands on the throat. He said he
exhibited the drawing of the C. unappendiculatus aurantiacus
because it has not got the orange occipital patch present in
the type-specimen, now in the Berlin Museum, but it dis-
tinctly shows the orange hind neck and compressed erect
helmet, whereas typical unappendiculalus from Salwatti
Island has the hind neck blue and the helmet three-cornered
and depressed behind.

The third drawing exhibited also represents a Cassowary
owned by Mr. Whitley. At present he could only say it
resembled C. violicollis, a form of C. casuarius, in the

a3

Vol. 1. ] 6

colours of the naked parts of the head and neck, but it
differs from all known Cassowaries in its plumage. It is
absolutely adult, but has deep brown plumage, Not black,
and the feathers are spotted with pale fulvous or fawn-
colour. He cannot describe it yet, as it may only be a
colour-aberration of C. casuarius violicollis.

Mr. Huea WaistLer forwards the following communica-
won :—

It has been commonly supposed that the Grey Tits of the
North-west frontier of India belong to the race Parus major
intermedius Zarudny, originally described in Bull. Soc. Imp.
Nat. Moscow (no. 3), vol. ili. p. 789 (1890), from S.W.
Transcaspia, and the distribution of this form is accordingly
given in the second edition of the I’auna of B. I., Birds, vol.i.
p. 76, as Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Chitral, H. Persia, and
S.W. Transcaspia. I have had occasion recently to examine
the Grey Tits of the Indian region, and, owing to the courtesy
of Lord Rothschild and M. Tugarinov, have been able to ex-
amine topotypes of P. m. intermedius and a series of birds
from HE. Persia. Birds from 8. Transcaspia and H. Persia
agree (except that a pronounced green wash on the mantle
is perhaps a characteristic of the latter area) in the characters
of the tail, which at once separate them from all the Tits that
I have examined from Afghanistan and Baluchistan. The
penultimate tai!-feather is grey with the white reduced toa
minimum—namely, a slight white tip on the outer web, and
no white wedge or at most a wedge 3mm. long onthe inner
web. Allspecimens obtained in the N.W. Frontier Province
have the penultimate tail-feather very largely white, the outer
web is almost entirely white, the inner web has a terminal
white wedge anything between 20-44 mm. in length. There
are slight colour-differences as well, of which the most im-
portant is that in intermedius the lower parts are very white
with little or no vinaceous tint.

7 [ Volt

Examination of the large series of Tits from N.W. India
in the British Museum witha very large number of specimens
in the collections of Dr. C. B. Ticehurst and myselt show
that the Tits of the N.W. Frontier hitherto treated as
P.m. intermedius belong really to two forms. Those from
Peshawar, Murdan, the Kuram valley, and Bannu are refer-
able to P. m. kaschmiriensis (type-locality, Gilgit), which
certainly breeds as far south as the Kurrum Valley and
doubtless in the neighbouring areas of Afghanistan.

A series of birds collected by Dr. ©. B. Ticehurst in the
mountains of Ziarat, Baluchistan, prove, however, to be
distinct, and these I propose to designate as :—

Parus major ziaratensis, subsp. nov.

Differs from its nearest ally, P. m. kaschmiriensis, in the
slightly paler and bluer grey of the upper parts, the more
conspicuous white edging to the tertiaries, and in its smaller
stumpier bill, which measures 11°5-12 mm. from the skull, as
compared with 11°5 to 13 mm. in kaschmiriensis. The third
tail-feather, counting from the outermost, is always tipped
with white and to a larger extent than in kaschmiriensis,
which, indeed, often lacks any white tip to that feather ;
while the fourth tail-feather is also sometimes tipped with
white.

Five males measure: wing 73-77, tail 62°5-71 mm. ;
@, wing 71°5, tail 60 mm.

Type C. B. Ticehurst Coll., no. 1.1629. ¢,30 September
1919, Ziarat, 8500 feet, Baluchistan.

Specimens from Kandahar belong to this form.

Dr. C. B. TickHurst communicated the following
notes :— |

I have long had in my collection two Sand-Plovers which ~
have always puzzled me, since they are decidedly smaller
than Charadrius leschenaultu and considerably larger than
Charadrius mongolus. They were obtained by the late

Vol. |.] 8

Mr. J. L. Bonhote at Ras-el-Bar (mouth of the Nile) on
July 19, 1918, and September 9, 1917 ; the latter is adult not
quite finished in its moult, the former a juvenile of the
year. The measurements are as follow :—

Culmen Culmen
Wing. exposed. from base.

mm. mm, mm.
Si EE hat pa to 130+ 21:5 26
Geleeces san oe cee eee 128 21°5 26

Col. Meinertzhagen informs me he too has similar birds from
Kosseir and Aden (Red Sea), Palestine coast, and Western.
Kgypt, of which he gives the following measurements :—

Culmen Culmen
Wing. exposed. from base,

mm. mm. mm,
@, Kosseir, 21.2.28.... 142 20°5 26
P, Aden, (leo ee , leon 21°5 26°5
ie Oy 2.22. ons |) koe 24 30
ne ae: TY) 5 les 25 28
By ligs pil aie) Aa ao 25 30
OP Palestime. <si.1. ¢.tdslac « 132-142 20-25 28-30
©, W. Egypt, 30.1.20.... 184 23 29
oF * as alee 25°5 29

A large series of Indian Jeschenaultia I measured as.
follows :—

Culmen Culmen

Wing. exposed. from base.
mm. mm. mm.
oc, LOR te ae 140-148 23°5-26°5 30-52
a aa re ae ane WA 139-150 25-27 50-33

It is obvious that most of these Western birds are decidedly
smaller than Indian ones (which are topotypes of leschen-
aultii), and they seem to be a trifle paler on the upper
parts.

9 [ Vol. 1.

Nothing is known about the breeding of the Plover, but
the supposed breeding-quarters are in N.H. Asia. If this is
so, I think it may be assumed that the middle of June would
be about the time for the earliest eggs in so far northa
latitude (there are numbers of birds in full breeding-dress
still on the Sind coast early in June), and that it would be
impossible, therefore, for a bird of the year to reach Egypt
by July 19th from that breeding-ground. It would seem,
therefore, that there must be a Western breeding-area, as yet
also unknown, whence come these small Western birds.
Sarudny says that this Sand-Plover breeds in parts of Persia,
Von Heuglin records it as a resident bird in N.H. Africa
(many non-breeding birds over summer in the winter-
quarters in India and no doubt elsewhere) ; Nicoll says that
possibiy a few pairs sometimes breed in Egypt. No one,
however, has as yet discovered it breeding anywhere in the
west, but | may remark that there are vast areas not only of
the Kgyptian littoral but alsoin the Red Sea in which it has
never been looked for in the breeding-season.

I certainly think that a Western race must be recognised,
and fortunately the name of it is quite easily discovered.
Chr. geofroyi is a pure synonym of leschenaultit, and the name
applicable is :—

CHARADRIUS coLUMBINUS Wagler, Isis, 1829, p. 650
(type in Berlin Mus.). Habitat in Arabia, ex Hempr. &
‘hr. MS.

Dr. Streseman kindly informs me that the type measures :
Wing 135, bill exp. 22 mm. A synonym of columbinus is
Aigialitis gigas Brehm, Vogelfang. (p. 283), 1855, Suez.

This type is in the Tring Museum, where I have examined
it. It is in winter dress (Nov.), and measures: <Q,
wing 137, bill exp. 22°5, 28 mm. from base.

The recognition of a small race of leschenaultci shows the
utter impossibility of recognizing separate genera, Pagoa for
leschenaultu and Cirrepidesmus for atrifrons, the two being
entirely linked up by columbinus. Personally, I recognize
neither genera.

Vol. 1.| 10

It appears to have been overlooked that the name Falco
tinnunculus japonicus ‘temminck & Schlegel, Siebold’s
‘Fauna Japonica, Aves,’ p. 2, pls. 1 and 1B, 1844, cannot
be used for the Japanese Kestrel, as it is preoccupied
by Gmelin’s Falco japonicus in the Syst. Nat. i. p. 257
(1789).

As there seems to be no other name available, I propose :—

Falco tinnunculus japonensis, nom. nov.,

for the bird described by Temminck and Schlegel, loc. cit.

STREPTOPELIA DECAOCTO DECAOCTO.

It seems that Linnzeus’s name risorza, long used for this
bird, has been dropped on insufficient grounds. In the
tenth edition Linneeus’s description is ‘supra lutescens,
lunula ecervicali nigra.’” He gives “ Habitat in India,” and
adds “* nobis communis Zurtur.” On the strength of his
describing the upper parts as “ lutescens” or yellowish and his
reference to the bird being “ our common Dove,” 2. e., cage
Dove, this name for our Indian bird has been dropped. But,
on the other hand, all the authors Linnezeus refers to—
Aldrovandus, Ray, and Albin—clearly indicated our Indian
bird. Moreover, quite another meaning can be applied to
lutescens. It is not a classical Latin word, and might be
derived from two sources léteus, of a yellowish colour, or
luteus, of a clay-colour,—and, if the latter derivation is taken,
then the description fits our Indian bird well.

Mr. Grecory M. Maruews sent the following descriptions
of new forms :—

Zosterops lateralis norfolkensis, subsp. nov.

Differs from Z. l. lateralis (Latham), in having a much
greener throat, a smaller bill, and darker head.

Type, in the Tring Museum. ¢. Near Kingston, Nor-
folk L., 8.iv.13. Roy Bell, No. 930, ex Mathews Coll.

11 [Vol. l..

Catharacta antarctica batchelori, subsp. nov., for the bird
described in my ‘ Birds of Norfolk and Lord Howe Island,’
p. 116, 16 October, 1928.

Type, in the Melbourne Museum. Adult. Queenscliff,
Victoria, Australia.

Megapodius reinwardt yorki, subsp. nov.
Differs from M,. tumulus Gould in having the crown of the
head and back more rufous—they are smaller.
Type, in the Tring Museum. 6. Cedar Bay, 18. vi. 93.
North Queensland.
Distr. Cape York to Cairns.

Cyrtostomus frenatus valia, nom. nov., for C. f. olivaceus
Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. xlvii. p. 68, 1926 ; not
Smith, Illustr. South Africa, 1839.

If the genus Zhalassogeron be considered congeneric with
Diomedea, then Lhromedea alexanderi Dabbene, Physis
B. Aires, viii. 1827, p. 563, must have a new name ; it can

be called
Diomedea dabbenena, nom. nov.

Glycifohia, gen. nov.
Differs from amsayornis Mathews in having a bill
longer than the head, and the tail-feathers more pointed.
Type, Giyciphila notabilis Sharpe.
As Glyciphila notabilis Sharpe is preoccupied by Finsch,
Notes Leyden Mus. vol. xx. p. 130, 1898, it can be called

Glycifohia gonada, new name.

Vol. 1.] 12

NOTICES.

The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday,
November 13, 1929, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great
Portland Street, W.1. The Dinner at 7 p.m.

SPECIAL NOTICE.

After the dinner and before the meeting of
the Club a special meeting of the Union will
be held and the Salvin-Godman Medal will be
presented to Dr. Ernst Hartert on the occa-
sion of his seventieth birthday, which was on
October 19, and in recognition of his great
services to Ornithology. Any members of the
Union who are not members of the Club are
invited to attend the dinner and meeting, and
it is hoped that there will be a good muster
of members to celebrate the occasion. Will
all those intending to dine inform the Hon.
Secretary, C. W. Mackworth-Praed, 51 Onslow
Gardens, London, S.W. 7?

Members who intend to make any communication at the
next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice before-
hand to the Editor, Mr. N. B. Kinnear, at the Natural History
Museum, South Kensington, 8.W. 7, and to give him their
MSS. for publication in the ‘ Bulletin,’ not later than at the
Meeting.

eS
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om BULLETIN

OF THE

BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB.

No. CCCXAXVI.

Tac three-hundred-and-thirty-first Meeting of the Club was
held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street,
W.1,0n Wednesday, November 13, 1929.

Chairman: Major 8. 8. Ftower.

Members present :—Miss C. M. Actanp; EH. C. Stvuarr
Baker; D. A. BanneRMAN; F.J.F. Barrineton ; Miss
M.G.S. Best; P. R. E. Browne; P. F. Bunyarp; Hon.
G. L. CHarteris; H. P. O. Crzave; A. B. Duncan;
A. H. Evans; A. Hzpa; W. E. Gurae; Rev. J. R.
Haute; Col. A. E. Hamerton; Dr. E. Hartert; Dr. E.
Hopxinson ; N. B. Kinnear (Editor); Rev. F. C. R.
JouRDAIN ; N.S. Lucas; C. W. Mackworts-Prasp (Hon.
Sec. § Treas.); Capt. W. E. F. Macmitnan; It.-Col.
H. A. F. Macratu; G. M. Matuews; HE. G. B. Mrapz-

Watpo; J. L. Caawortu, Musters; T. H. Newman;

C. OtpHam; F. R. Rarourr; C. B. Rickerr; Lord
Roruscuip; W. L. Scuarer; D. Sura-Suira; Major
A. G. L. StapEN; Marquis of Tavistock ; W. H. Toorrz;
B. W. Tucker; Miss HE. L. Turner; H. M. Watts;
H. Ff. Wirgersy; C. R. Woop; C. G. M. pe Worms.

[ November 28th, 1929. ] VOL. L.

Vol. 1.] 14

Members of the B.O.U.:—Sautmm A. Att; Miss P.
Barciay-SmitH ; Miss EK. M. Knope; Bertram Luoyp ;
J. G. Mittars; Lt.-Col. W. A. Payn; F. G. Swayne;
A. G. Vrevers ; T. WELLS.

Guests :—H. A. Evans; Mrs. Frowrr; C. J. FuLuer;
H. Grénvotp; J. P. R. Hate; Mrs. Hartrertr; H. P.
POLLOCK.

PRESENTATION OF THE GODMAN-SALVIN MEDAL TO
Dr. Ernst HARTERT.

In order to celebrate his seventieth birthday, the Committee
of the B. O. U. decided to award the Godman-Salvin Medal
to Dr. Hartert, and it was arranged, in co-operation with
the Committee of the Club, that the presentation should take
place at the meeting on the 13th of November.

Accordingly after dinner Major 8. 8. Flower invited
Mr. W. L. Sclater, the President of the B. O. U., to take the
Chair.

Mr. Sclater then spoke as follows :—“ Brother and Sister
Ibises, the meeting of the Club is now transformed into
a meeting of the British Ornithologists’ Union for the
purpose of awarding to Dr. Hartert the Godman-Salvin
Medal, and I am very glad to see so large and repre-
sentative a gathering to do honour to our very dear friend
and Fellow Ibis.

“Dr. Hartert, whom we all know and revere as the most
learned and industrious of our brotherhood, reached his
seventieth birthday on 29 October last, and has recently
returned from Berlin, where the German Ornithological
Society held a festival in his honour and presented him with
a ‘Festschrift... This took the form of a special supple-
mentary number of the ‘ Journal fiir Ornithologie,’ containing
a number of papers by his friends and admirers specially
dedicated to him. We, wishing to do him like honour,
believe that we can best accomplish this by presenting him
with the Godman-Salvin Medal, which was instituted in
1919 in memory of Messrs. Godman and Salvin, two of the

15 [Vol. 1.

founders of the Union, and was to be awarded from time to
time for distinguished work in Ornithology.

“In addition to Dr. Hartert’s scientific work, we all
appreciate his unselfish readiness in supplying information
and material when required. This help is accorded as
readily to the beginner as to the expert.

‘This Medal has hitherto only once been awarded—in 1922
to Dr. William Eagle Clarke, our President from 1918 to
1921. It gives me personally especial pleasure to present,
on behalf of the Union, this Medal to Dr. Hartert, as I can
claim to be his oldest Hnglish friend. It was in 1888, now
forty-one years ago, that we first met in the Indian Museum
in Calcutta, where Hartert and his great friend Doherty
had just arrived from a collecting-trip through the Dutch
Hast Indies and Malay Peninsula. Furthermore, either that
day or a few days later, Mr. Stuart Baker, our Secretary and
Treasurer, came to see me in the Museum and also met
Hartert for the first time.

“TI give you the toast of Dr. Ernst Hartert.”

After the toast had been duly honoured, Mr. Sclater
presented the Godman-Salvin Medal to Dr. Hartert.

Dr. Hartert, on receiving the Medal, replied as follows :—

“ Mr. President, Ladies, and Gentlemen, I have to thank
you for all the good wishes so kindly expressed by the
Chairman, and for awarding me the Godman-Salvin Medal,
which has made me the proudest man of the evening.

*T came to England 37 years ago, full of expectations of
much work to be done in our beloved science, and how
wonderfully those expectations have been fulfilled through
the generosity of the present Lord Rothschild !

“‘ How changed is the brotherhood of ornithologists since
those days when Bowdler Sharpe and Ogilvie-Grant were
in the Bird Room at the British Museum, and one frequently
met there Salvin, Godman, Seebohm, Hargitt, Harting,
Tristram, Dresser, Saunders, Shelley, and others, while at
the Zoolegical Society P. L. Sclater reigned, and Newton
and Gadow were at Cambridge. Two of my oldest English
friends, however, are with us to-night—W. L. Sclater and

Vol. 1.] 16

Stuart Baker, both of whom I first met in Calcutta in 1888.
A few other old friends are still left and I have many new
ones belonging to a rather younger generation, of whom
much good work may be expected.

“The Chairman has referred to my readiness to give
advice and help in comparing and lending material from
Tring Museum. It has always been my greatest pleasure to
do that, and I consider it the duty of every Curator to make
the material in the museum under his charge available for
scientific workers, not only for those who are able to visit
the museum, but also for workers in all parts of the world.
I am glad to say that my chief and friend, Lord Rothschild,
is of the same opinion, and is always only teo pleased that
his collections should be put to the best use. The large
collections in museums are only justified when the material is
made available to the world of science.

“Though naturally the greatest part of my life-work is
done, I still hope to be able for a few years to continue as
before.”

Mr. ScLaTER then vacated the Chair to Major Flower.

The Rev. F. C. R. Jourpain exhibited the two clutches
(two eggs in each case) of Pallas’s Sand-Grouse (Syrrhaptes
paradoxus) which were laid near Beverley, Yorkshire, in
June and July 1888. These eggs were recorded in Nelson’s
‘Birds of Yorkshire,’ Newton’s ‘Dictionary of Birds,’
Saunders’s ‘Manual’ (2nd ed.), etc., but, though sent for
inspection to Professor Newton at Cambridge in 1888, have
never been previously shown in London, but remained till
recently in the north of England. Both sets were figured in
colour in the ‘Transactions of the Hull Scientific and Field
Naturalists’ Club,’ vol. iii. pt. 4, pl. xxxii. (1907). This
species bred on the Culbin Sands in Morayshire in 1888
and 1889, anda young bird was obtained in the latter year
and was figured in the ‘Ibis,’ 1890, pl. vii. A clutch of
two eggs was also taken in the same district by a rabbiter in
1888, but there is some doubt as to whether they were

17 [ Vol. 1.

correctly identified, and apparently the eggs are no longer
in existence (for details see the ‘ Fauna of the Moray Area,’
ii. p. 137). Breeding is also said to have taken place in
Nottingham, but here also the eggs were destroyed, so that
the Yorkshire eggs are the only ones laid in the British Isles
under natural conditions now in existence. One clutch is
darker in ground-colour than the other, but both are typical
of the species.

PROBABLE RECURRENCE OF A PAIR OF LAMMERGEIER
(GYPAETUS BARBATUS GRANDIS STORR.) IN SOUTH-
WESTERN ALPS.

Mr. H. M. Wattis made the following remarks :—

“ Harly in last August my grandson, Edward A. Wallis,
picked up the feather exhibited ‘among sparse pine-trees on
a hill above a village’ in the South-western Alps. The
ground was about 8000 ft. above sea-level, the country
rough and wild, with crags not far away.

** Mr. Kinnear identifies the feather as an under tail-covert
of a Lammergeier.

“My friend, Mr. Arthur B. Gillett, of Oxford, who was
with my grandson at the time, saw, when about a mile from
where the feather was found, a pair of large birds floating
around some crags, and, as he writes me, said, ‘ Those birds
look more like gulls with pointed wings and the bend in
them. .... Ido not know what they are. They are not
Hagles and not Buzzards.’

“Mr. Gillett is a good field-naturalist and knows the
Golden Hagle and some of the South African Raptors, but has
no acquaintance with Gypaétus.

“On receiving the feather I sent him the two sketches
exhibited, and he initialled the one with bent and pointed
wings, an enlargement of a sketch I made of the African
Lammergeier when at HE! Kantara.

“Mr. Gillett deseribes both birds as ‘ dark all over, which
would agree with immature Lammergeiers.’ (1 doubt if he
saw the upper surface of either.)

Vol. 1.] 18

“As (rypaétus barbatus grandis has been practically, if
not actually, exterminated in Switzerland, and there are few,
if any, recent records from the southern slopes of the Alps,
Lord Rothschild has encouraged me to place these facts
before the Club for what they may be worth.”

Lord Roruscuixp said that he quite believed that, although
the Lammergeier was apparently extinct in French Savoy,
it appeared frequently in that region, for it was still a
breeding species in Italian Savoy, mostly in the King’s
Game Reserve.

He personally had only seen the Lammergeier in nature
in two places—firstly, in Algeria, and, secondly, he believed
he was one of the very few people who had seen the last
Swiss Lammergeier alive ; he saw it in 1881 on the Julier
Pass between Thusis and Miihlen. The bird was shot some
years later on the Italian side of the Engadine (Grisons).
The Huropean race ‘was (Gypaétus barbatus grandis Storr,
which stretched from Spain to Manchuria, while the North
African form was the true G. barbatus barbatus Linn.,
and a third race, G. barbatus meridionalis Keys. & Blas.,
occurs from Abyssinia through Hast Africa to the
Drakensberg.

Dr. Kuropa sent the following correction :-—

In the Bull. B. O. Club, vol. xliii. no. eelxxvi. p. 108, 1923,
I described the Pigmy Woodpecker from Yakushima,
south of Kiusiu, Japan, naming it Yungipicus kizuki harterts.
Mr. James L. Peters, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Harvard, has recently pointed out to me that the sub-
specific name hartertz is already preoccupied by Dendrocopus
major hartertti Arrigoni (1902), the Sardinian form of the
Great Spotted Woodpecker. Yungipicus is not considered
generically separable from Dryobates by Hartert, Strese-
mann, Bangs, and others, and I therefore rename my bird

Dryobates kizuki petersi, nom. nov.

19 [ Vol. 1.
Mr. Grecory M. Matuews sent the following :—-
Stictocarbo punctatus sassi, subsp. nov.

Differs from S. p. punctatus in being smaller. The average
measurements of eight skins of punctatus are: females
246 mm. and the males 251. The same for four skins of the
North Island bird is 235 mm.

Type in the Vienna Museum from North Island, in the
Reischeck collection.

Huttonena, new name for Cabalus Hutton, 1874, not
Cabalius Rafinesque, Analyse, 1815, p. 59.

Sterna striata aucklandorna, new name for Sterna bethunei
Buller, T'rans. New Zeal. Inst. vol. xxviii. p. 349, June
1896, which is preoccupied by Sterna bethune, p. 348=

Sterna vittata.

EXHIBITION OF LANTERN-SLIDES OF AUSTRALIAN BirDS
AND THEIR Nests, By Mr. H. F. Poiiock.

THE outstanding feature of Mr. Pollock’s exhibit was the
excellent photographs of the different kinds of sea-birds,
including a nesting-colony of the Australian Gannet (Sula
serrator) at Cape Kidnappers, New Zealand, Masked Gan-
nets (S. personata) on the Admiralty Islands, Brown
Gannets (S. leucogaster), Sooty Terns (Sterna anestheta),
also on Admiralty Islands; Crested Terns (S. dergi) ; and
Silver Gulls (Larus nove-hollandie) on the Capricorn
Islands. In each case several slides were shown, giving
practically a life-history of the bird from egg to adult.

The series of photographs of Albatrosses (Dzomedia) and
Mollymawks (Thalassarche) were much admired, and so too
were the interesting pictures of an Emu approaching its
nest and brooding its eggs.

Three Kingfishers—the Kookaburra or Laughing Jackass
(Dacelo gigas), Red-backed (Halcyon pyrrhopygia), and
Sacred (7. sancta)—were shown near their nests, which were
either in a hdle in a tree or in a termites’ nest. The slides of
the delightful little Black-and- White Fan-tailed Flycatcher

(Ahipidura tricolor), unfortunately also known asa ‘“ Willie

Vol. 1.] 20

Wagtail,” were also much admired, especially the one
showing the hen bird brooding its chicks in the hand of the
photographer’s assistant.

Mr. Pollock gave an amusing account of Mr. Webb's
experience in removing a nest of the Pied Butcher-bird
(Cracticus nigrogularis) from the top of a tree to a more
suitable elevation for photographing, and how one bird
persistently attacked him while climbing the tree and even
kept watch over him while in his hide.

Several slides were exhibited of the nest of the Yellow-
tailed Thornbill (Acanthizz), which is remarkable because
usually a double nest is constructed—a shallow unlined nest
above the nest proper. This extra nest is said to be used by
the cock bird, and in one photograph the birds appear to
have even gone so far as to make a third chamber, but for
what purpose no explanation was offered.

Mr. Pollock also showed a large number of pictures of
other Australian birds and their nests.

At the close of the exhibit, Mr. Pollock, on the motion of
the Chairman, was awarded a hearty vote of thanks by the

Club.

NOTICES.

The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday,
December 11, 1929, at PAGANIT’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great
Portland Street, W.1. The Dinner at 7 p.m.

Members intending to dine are requested to inform the
Hon. Secretary, C. W. Mackworth-Praed, 51 Onslow Gardens,
London, 8.W. 7.

Members who intend to make any communication at the
next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice before-
hand to the Editor, Mr. N. B. Kinnear, at the Natural History
Museum, South Kensington, 8.W. 7, and to give him their
MSS. for publication in the ‘ Bulletin,’ not later than at the
Meeting.

) BULLETIN

oe OF THE

ert SH ORNITHOLOGISTS” “CLUB.
No. CCCAAAVIT.

Tug three-hundred-and-thirty-second Meeting of the Club was
held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street,
W.1,0n Wednesday, December 11, 1929. |

Chairman: Dr. P. R. Lowe.

Members present :—Miss C. M. Actanp; W. SHORE
Barney; HK. C. Sruart Baker; D. A. BANNERMAN ;
F.J. F. Barrineton ; G. L. Bates; Miss M.G.S. Bust;
George Brown; P. F. Bunyarp; A. L. Buruzr ; Capt.
H. L. Cocurane, R.N.; Sir Percy Z.Cox; R. H. Deanu ;
A. H. Evans; Major 8.8. Frownr; W. HE. Guszae; Rey.
J.R. Hatz; A. HE. Hamerton; B. G. Harrison ;s Dr. E.
Harrert; R. L. Hearn; Rev. F. C. R. Jourpain; N. B.
Kinnear (/ditor); Dr. G. CarmionaznL Low; Dr. N. 8.
Lucas; Rear-Ad. H. Lynzs, R.N.; C. W. Mackwortu-
PraxEp (Hon. Sec. § Treas.); Dr. P. Manson-Banr; G. M.
Maturews; J. H. McoNere; A. H. Muixiesonn; J. L.
CuawortH Mustrers ; ©. OLDHam ; B. B. Osmasron; Lord
Roruscuitp; C. B. Rickerr; W. L. Scrater; Major
A.G. L, ShapEN; Marquis of Tavistock ; W. H. Tuorpz;
B. W. Tucker; Hues Wuistier; H. F. Wirgersy; C. R.
Woop; ©. G. M. pz Worms.

[January 9th, 19380.) a VOL. L.

Vol. 1.] 22

Guests :—H. A. Evans; Mrs. Ftowrr; Mrs. Hate-
Tuomas; Miss E. Haic-THomas; J. P. R. Hate; Mrs.
Mary Herrmann; F. D. Mackit; Q. P. MerkLesoun.

—

Chairman’s Annual Address.
Part I. (Abstract).

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,—

I now propose to read the customary Chairman’s
Address.

Last year I departed from the usual course and form
which this address has taken in the past, and on that occasion
I asked your permission to take as read that part of it which
dealt with a review of the activities of our fellow-members
during the year which had just elapsed. I now ask you to
allow me to take a similar course, and to refer in the short
time at my disposal to the subject of “‘ Hybridization in
Birds in its possible Relation to the Evolution of the Species.”
There is no doubt whatever that hybridization in birds is
a very common phenomenon, far commoner than we formerly
supposed; but I am not going to occupy your time this
evening in trying to prove a truism, or in describing some
of the many interesting cases of hybridization which tn-
doubtedly do exist in birds, and then leaving it at that*.
What I propose to do is to take a few groups of birds and
consider the subject solely from the point of view of the
possible part which hybridization may have played in the
evolution of the species. Botanists have lately brought
the subject of hybridization very much to the front, and
I venture to think that nothing has given us a better prac-
tical idea of the sort of thing a species is—presuming, of
course, that such a thing exists—than the study and analysis
by botanists and mendelists of the behaviour of plants during

* Maps and specimens illustrating overlap and hybridization were
exhibited at the meeting.

23 [ Vol. 1.

the process of reproduction or hybridization. For this
reason I propose to preface my remarks about hybridization
in birds by a reference toa very remarkable instance of the
extensive scale on which hybridization in plants has lately
been discovered to be taking place in a perfectly natural
way in New Zealand, and I shall do so because I believe
that by a preliminary consideration of this sort we may be
more likely to arrive at a correct and true appreciation of
the factors which have given erigin to certain groups of birds
which I shall bring in a few minutes before your notice.

Some six or seven years ago, Dr. L. Cockayne, F.R.S.,
discovered, quite by accident, in the virgin forest of New
Zealand that hybridization of plants was going on to an
extent that was quite phenomenal. Very briefly put, he
found that in certain places where the forest had been cut
down, or on the edge of the forest, groups of these hybrid
trees, shrubs, or plants were springing up in all directions.
So far as is known, nothing on the same scale seems to have
been noted anywhere else in the world, and it seems to be
worth reflecting that in this connection New Zealand con-
stitutes an area which has been isolated from the rest of the
world for an immense period of time. So that you may
form some idea of the scale on which hybridization of plants
in New Zealand is taking place, I may add that 290 groups
of wild hybrids belonging to 42 families and 92 genera have
been listed by Cockayne himself. Following upon Cock-
ayne’s discoveries, Professor Lotsy, who was greatly interested
in hybridization considered in the light of evolution, was
invited (1925) to give three lectures on the subject before
the New Zealand University. These lectures were published,
and from the point of view of throwing a fresh side-light on
the problem of the origin of new species or on our conception
of the nature of a species are of very great interest and
utility.

The Chairman then went on to give a brief sketch
of hybridization from the angle at which Lotsy viewed it.
He pointed out that although a hybrid in the past was

regarded as little more than a freak or a curiosity to
a2

Vol. 1.] 24

arouse the interest of the collector, Lotsy’s idea of hybridi-
zation was on an altogether different and higher plane.
Put in an extremely condensed form, Lotsy suggested that
if it were true that there was no such thing as a pure
culture in Nature—that in Nature no two absolutely identical
gametes, pure and homozygous for the very same characters,
ever meet—then sexual reproduction is, after all, only what
might be described as a normal form of hybridization.
There was an opportunity for a change or commingling of
characters in both. That was the only path to progressive
evolution, because, firstly, no proof of the inheritance of
changes occurring in the somatic, or ‘‘ body,” tissues of an
animal, during its life-time, had ever been forthcoming,
although Lamarck, Darwin, and many other most able
zoologists had repeatedly attempted to show that they were
so inherited; and, secondly, because if two really homo-
zygous gametes conjugated under conditions of ideal
isolation, their progeny would go on breeding true until
the crack of doom—no matter what the environment, and
granting that that environment allowed them to live at al).
One of the most important results of hybridization was the
creation—simultaneously—of a large number of new forms.
Thus from one cross, especially in plants, a whole swarm
of very different new forms might arise. They arose
suddenly, they arose entirely independently of environment ;
many had diametrically opposite characters to those normally
exhibited by either parent; and, incidentally, it may be
added, it was only after they had come into existence, and
not till then, that the effects of environment and selection
could be brought to bear—and then only from a survival —
point of view.” Hlimination and selection as regards the
New Zealand hybrid plants occurred, we are told, on a
devastating scale, so that individual groups of hybrids
becoming isolated, inter se, andi breeding true for various
segregated characters, might well be taken for and described
as new species—as, in fact, they often had been in the past.
If this was not the way some species had arisen in the past, it
was, at any rate, difficult to believe that these New Zealand

25 [ Vol. 1.

hybrids came into the world as a practical joke. If it was
the way, then it was a story of origin very different from
that of Lamarck’s and Darwin’s. |
The Chairman then went on to briefly describe some of
the series of hybrid plants from New Zealand, which had
been collected by Dr. Hill, Director of the Royal Botanic
Gardens at Kew, and exhibited by him at the Imperial
College of Science. These “swarms” of hybridization
segregates, exhibiting such diversity, inter se, and resulting
from the crossing of parent forms, which also differed from
the offspring, doubtless played an important part in the
evolution of the species. It was difficult to believe that
hybridization occurred on such a big scale in a perfectly
natural way in an island which had been isolated from the
rest of the world for such a prodigious time for no rhyme or
reason. It must surely reflect some method behind the plan
of evolution, some method to ensure a commingling of
characters, even if only in times of evolutional emergency.
The method had in the past been overlooked, although in the
case of plants and invertebrates it was undoubtedly common
enough; while he thought many parallel cases might be found
in the class Aves. For instance, in this very area of New Zea-
land there were the Moas, a group of extinct flightless birds,
whose extraordinary diversity had been explained as a direct
response to the environmental conditions or to the effects of
isolation, due to the alternate depression and upheaval, with
consequent insulation, of the ancient New Zealand. Thirty-
eight distinct species of Moas referable to seven genera had
been described, ranging from giants like Dinornis maximus
to such dodo-like dwarfs as Anomalopteryx didiformis.
Diversity in many different respects was exhibited, and all
this heterogeneous swarm of diverse forms, each with its
own specific population, had had to be herded together into
an area one-eighth the size of Great Britain and Ireland.
Bearing these facts in mind, it was difficult to resist the con-
clusion that in the Moas of New Zealand we were faced with
a swarm of hybridization segregates analogous to the “ plant
swarms” described by Cockayne and Lotsy in the same

Vol. 1.] 26

islands. The explanation of such diversities within a group
was not forthcoming by an appeal to pure mutations or to a
theory of the transmissibility of acquired characters, both of
which propositions seemed more and more difficult to sub-
stantiate as time and research went on. Such vague ideas,
too, that small islands, with a restricted scope in a nurtural
sense, would have tended to produce small Moas, and vice
versd, had been considerably upset by the discovery of the
pigmy hippopotami and pigmy elephants, which once
inhabited the Mediterranean area. The occurrence and
distribution of these were referred to by the Chairman, who
drew the conclusion that pigmy elephants were obviously
not necessarily or generally to be regarded as having been
pigmy because they lived in pigmy areas. He further
pointed out that although one might be deprived of the
nurtural factor in environment as an explanation of the
diversity in size in the Moas, and although one might be
deprived of the conception of the pure mutation, for which
there seemed little more excuse than for the belief in spon-
taneous generation, and although one might similarly have
to throw overboard the dogma of the transmissibility of
acquired characters, one was still fortunately left with the
conception of heterozygous gametes—which, at any rate,
were capable of producing plenty of diversity in the offspring
resulting from their union. He thought, therefore, that we
might look to crossing in the past to explain the diversity of
the Moa, while, for this reason and in order to express in one
word the diversity arising as the result of such crossing, he
proposed to designate such an assemblage of hybridization
seoregates as was represented by the Moas of New Zealand
by the term ‘‘ mactogone”’ (un€ts a mixture, yovy offspring).

There was another group of islands in which were found
species-groups exhibiting great diversity within the limits
of what had been regarded as a genus or even as two
or three genera, but which diversity, it seemed to the
Chairman, might with equal propriety be looked upon as
occurring within the compass of a single Linnean species.
He referred to the Galapagos Islands, famous for all time

27 [ Vol. 1.

as harbouring Darwin’s genus of Finches—the Geospizas.
Twenty-two species, excluding subspecies, had been described,
and these were distributed over some fourteen islands. Some
of these “‘ species,” such as Geospiza strenua, had heen found
on as many as eleven islands, while, in the case of Duncan
Island, no less than ten different ‘‘ species” were herded
together in an area of only twelve square miles. As was
well known, the diversity existed in regard to the form and
shape of the bills of all those various “‘species.”’ Lord
Rothschild had figured thirty-five different forms on one plate,
of which sixteen represented diverse forms of one ‘“‘species””—
Geospiza strenua. In addition to this remarkable state of
affairs, it was to be noted that the physical conditions (climate
and flora) of all the islands of the group were remarkably
similar, and that in any given island there were no physical
features which could conceivably lend themselves to any
isolating effects, so far as finches were concerned. How then
could we reconcile the occurrence of these twenty-two
“species” of finches, all as a matter of fact remarkably alike
as regards colour-pattern, but differing, in regard to the
degree of pigmentation of the feathers, with the theory that
environment had played any direct part in their origin when
we had practically positive proof that no diversity of environ-
ment existed. As, for instance, regards the correlation of food
and the diversity in the shape of the bill, Beebe had found from
personal observation that “ birds utterly dissimilar in relative
proportions of mandibles were feeding upon identical food ;
and food, moreover, which showed no signs of being crushed.”
It seemed, therefore, to the Chairman that the problem of
the Galapagos finch, as Bateson had always maintained, was
much more satisfactorily explained on the assumption that
the segregates of a cross between ancestral forms in the
past had been distributed over an area, not necessarily at
that time so insulated, and that they had then been sub-
sequently isolated, than on the basis of any theory of
variability.

The finches of the genus Vesospiza of the Tristan d’Acunha
group probably presented a very similar condition of things,

Vol. 1.] 28

although hardly more than suggestive, owing to want of
scientific collecting and the paucity of material.

The Chairman then briefly referred to the case of the
AXpyornithide and Mulierornithidee of Madagascar as
giving us another similar example, very much on all fours
with the Moas of New Zealand. But, as he then proceeded
to point out, examples of these groups of segregating
hybrids or “ plethogams” were by no means confined to
islands which had been isolated for long periods from the
main land-masses. In a certain restricted area in Burmah
and the Shan States, for instance, species of the genus
Genneus, viz. G. nycthemerus, horsfieldi, and lineatus,
themselves doubtless persistent relics of hybrid origin, had
converged and rehybridized so that almost every valley
in a much-eroded area was characterized by possessing
some isolated race or segregate which had become more or
less constant, and on which names had been bestowed by
systematists. The experimental researches of Ghizi, Lotsy,
Mrs. Haig Thomas, and Phillips had clearly proved that
many of the races so recognised by systematists could be
recovered in the breeding-pen by suitable crossing of
parent forms like nycthemerus, lineatus, and _ horsjieldt.
Here, again, the Chairman thought the term ‘“ mictogone ”’
might be applied to express the kind of thing which this
group of Silver-Pheasants represented. Again, all the
evidence pointed very strongly to the conclusion that the
true Pheasants of the genus Phasianus represented just
such another ‘‘ marriage-crowd ” or plethogam. It had long
been recognised, for instance, that hybridization between the
various races of pheasant was very common, and that the
offspring were fertile. Ogilvie-Grant had pointed out, too,
that the group as a whole could be subdivided into a group
with ruby-red rumps, finely barred tails, and with white
collar present or absent, and a group with green rumps,
broad-barred tail, and white collar present or absent. The
first of these was represented by the Phasianus colchicus
group, the second by Ph. torquatus and its allies. If A stood
for the first and B for the second, then A+B might express

29 [ Vol. 1.

an intermediate group represented by Ph. chrysomelus and
its allies—the whole assemblage of diverse forms now more
or less geographically isolated, representing hybridization
segregates resulting from the crossing of forms which existed,
let us say, in the Pleistocene or Tertiary, although some
hybrid forms such as P.h. shaw seem of more recent origin.
As regards the group of Guinea-fowls, Ghigi again obtained
results, by experimental crossings, which were very similar
to those obtained in the case of the Silver-Pheasants. He
concluded that of the seventeen species and subspecies about
half might be regarded as forms derived from natural cross-
matings. Such results are confirmed by actual examination
of the skins. Finally, had time permitted, there were other
examples of hybridization in birds which might have been
mentioned. Some of these had been exhibited that night,
ilustrated with maps and actual specimens. There were
among them well-known and now almost classic examples,
all drawn from the Passeres. They were examples of hybrid
mating resulting from overlap of distributional areas.

‘Partick:

It is with great regret that I have to record the loss of
five members of our Club by death, viz., Mr. A. K. Collett,
Sir Frederick J. Jackson, Mr. J. B. Nichols, Mr. R. H. Read,
and Mr. H. C. Robinson. We are also lamenting the death
of numerous ornithologists who have played a conspicuous
part in our science both at home and abroad ; among these I
would like to mention the names of Abel Chapman, Robert
Ridgway, Jonathan Dwight, Hiler Lehn Schéler, James
Sibree, Charles Hose, E. Forbush, Waldron de Witt Miller,
and Frederic A. Lucas.

As regards work in the field, Mr. Willoughby Lowe made
a short expedition to the Gambia, where he was successful,
thanks to the active sympathy and co-operation of His
Exeellency the Governor and Dr. KE. Hopkinson, in making
a large collection of the characteristic birds of the country,
previously but poorly represented in the British Museum

Vol. 1.] 30

Collection. We have to congratulate Mr. Lowe on the
good and necessary piece of work accomplished in connection
with the vultures of this area, of which a notice has already
appeared in the ‘Ibis.’ On returning to England, Mr.
Willoughby Lowe joined the expedition to Madagascar
which had been organised by Mr. Percy R. Lowe, with
the active help of Mr. N. B. Kinnear, This was a joint
expedition, in which America, France, and Great Britain
shared. It would not have been possible to arrange had it
not been for the generous financial assistance of Mr. Arthur
Vernay and Mr. R. Archbold ; for the promise to lead the
expedition in the field on the part of M. Jean Delacour ;
or for the indefatigable work of Dr. L. Sanford, of America.
Mr. .B. I. White, of the Geological Department of the
British Museum, joined the expedition a fortnight after it
had landed on the island. Up to date, skins of some
5000 birds and 500 mammals have been collected, as well as
a large number of fossils.

Among other members who have been aetive in the field
must be mentioned: The Rev. F. C. R. Jourdain in Cyprus ;
Mr. H. Whistler and Dr. Claude Ticehurst in Bosnia and
Monte Negro; Dr. Ernst Hartert in Algeria and Morocco ;
Mr. and Mrs. Harry Witherby in Spain; Mr. E. C. Stuart
Baker and General Betham in Finland; Major W. M.
Congreve in North Iceland ; Mr. P. W. Munn has been doing
consistently good work in Mallorca for some long period,
having added thirty-nine species to the list of birds recorded
for that island ; while Mr. P. W. Reynolds has been doing
some very excellent work in Tierro del Fuego, whence he
has, from time to time, sent home valuable specimens of
embryos, chicks, and adult birds preserved in spirit or
forwarded in cold storage, in addition to interesting skin-
collections. The value to ornithological science resulting
from this kind of collecting can hardly be over-appreciated.

Turning to work in the field of ornithologists other than
members of the Club, J would refer more especially to the
operations of Dr. Mayr in Dutch New Guinea, where he has
made, so we learn, enormous collections. We hear, too, that

31 [Vol. 1.

Mr. Hachisuka has been paying a visit to the Philippines,
and that Dr. Hugo Granvik is back at his post on Mount
Hlgon in Hast Africa.

The following papers were read during the Session :—
“On the Riddle of the Pecten in the Bird’s Hye,” by Pro-
fessor Arthur Thompson; ‘‘On Ornithology as an Aid to
Medical Science,” by Dr. Patrick Manson-Bahr.

The following exhibits were especially notable, and the
trouble taken in their assemblage and arrangement was much
appreciated by members :—-(1) Lord Rothschild’s exhibit of
colour varieties ; (2) Lord Rothschild’s exhibit of Hybrid
Ducks, supplemented by examples from the British Museum.

We pass now to a consideration of some of the principal
works which have been completed during the Session :—

Mr. E. C. Stuart Baker has completed his sixth volume of
the second edition of the ‘ Fauna of British India’; Mr.
Mathews has brought out ‘The Birds of Norfolk and Lord
Howe Islands,’ a companion volume to that author’s ‘ Birds
of Australia,’ to which it is also partly a supplement; while
Mr. Taverner’s ‘ Birds of Western Canada,’ published in
1926, has proved se popular that a second edition has had
to be printed, and another part of Mr. Henry’s ‘ Coloured
Plates of the Birds of Ceylon’ has been issued.

Dr. Arrigoni’s ‘Ornithologia Italiana’ will be the
standard work on the ornithology of Italy for some time to
come, as will also Chevalier van Havre’s ‘ Les Oiseaux de la
Faune Belge’ for Flemish birds, and Dr. I. Hortling has
issued the first half of his handbook of the Birds of Finland.

In regard to British birds, three useful Faunal volumes
have been published: ‘The Birds of Hssex,’ by Mr. Glegg ;
‘Birds of S.E. Devon,’ by Mr. Lloyd; and ‘ Birds of
Ayrshire,’ by Messrs. Patton and Pyke.

Lord Tavistock’s ‘ Parrots and Parrot-like Birds in Avi-
culture,’ and Dr. Carmichael Low’s ‘ List of the Animals
in the Gardens of the Zoological Society of London’

(volume dealing with birds) will be of great use to all avi-
culturists.

Vol. 1.] 32

Part vii. of the late Mr. Swann’s ‘Monograph of the
Accipitres’ has appeared under the editorship of Dr.
Wetmore, and Miss Sturgis has written a useful little ‘ Field-
book of the Birds of the Panama Zone’ which should be in
the hands of all visitors to that region.

Dr. Friedmann’s ‘ The Cowbirds’ is a very careful study
of the parasitic habits of these birds, and Mr. Eliot Howard’s
volume on ‘ Bird Behaviour’ opens up a new line of study
practically untouched.

We must not omit to mention the volume on the great
German ornithologist, Alfred Brehm, which has been pub-
lished by the Brehm Society in commemoration of the cen-
tenary of his birth, nor Dr. Stresmann’s third part of his
useful ‘ Handbuch der Zoologie—Aves.’

In addition to the works already mentioned in my last.
year’s Address and not yet published, the following are
announced :—Dr. C. B. Ticehurst is engaged on a work on
the Birds of Suffolk, and Mr. W. EH. Glegg has begun a
similar volume on the Birds of Middlesex.

A new quarterly Journal of African Ornithology has been
started by Capt. H. F. Stoneham and Mr. A, H. Paget
Wikes under the name of the ‘ Bataleur,’ and we wish the
venture every success.

A large number of papers have been published on various
ornithological problems, and of these we only have space to
mention the following :—Messrs. Bangs and Peters on
‘* Birds collected by Dr. Rock in Western Kansu and
Hastern Tibet”; Dr. Grinnell on “ A Distributional Summa-
tion of the Ornithology of Lower California”; Lincoln,
“Bird Banding” ; Linsdale on the “ Variations in the Fox
Sparrow with reference to their Natural History and Oste-
ology”; Hachisuka, “ Variations among Birds” (chiefly
game-birds) ; Hellmayr, “ A Contribution to the Ornithology
of North-Eastern Brazil”; Nicholson, ‘‘ Report on the
‘British Birds’ Census of Heronries”; and Bent on the
“ Life Histories of North American Shore-Birds.”

33 (Vol. 1.

Lord Roruscaitp exhibited the three known species of
Orange Birds-of-Paradise of the genus Xanthomelus, viz. :—

3 3, Xanthomelus aureus (Linn.). Arfak.

3 2, X.ardens d Alb. & Salvad. Foot-hills, Snow Mts.

3, X.bakeri Chapin. Madang, Astrolabe Bay.

He remarked that of the recently described Xanthomelus
bakeri there were 3 ¢ ¢ known (2 adultand1juv.). The one
exhibited was not in complete adult plumage, the breast and
rectrices of the type being entirely black.

Previous to Dr. Lorenz and Dr. Wollaston having obtained
eight or ten complete examples of X. ardens it was only known
froma flat mutilated Papuan skin, and so it was a great surprise
to find no black on the throat. The new species goes to the
opposite extreme in having the whole underside black ”*.
The X. aureus were collected by Dr. Ernst Mayr, the ardens
by Dr. Wollaston, and the bakert by R. H. Beck.

Mr. Davin BanNERMAN sent the description of a dusky
race of Stone-Partridge from the Ngaundere Plateau,
Cameroon, which he proposed to name :—

Ptilopachus petrosus saturatior, subsp. nov.

Adult. Most nearly allied to P. p. petrosus, which last
extends from Senegal to central Nigeria and perhaps to the
Shari River, but distinguished from that race by its even
darker appearance and by the almost complete lack of rufous
on the upper parts. The normally white spots on the mantle,
back, and coverts are reduced to mere freckles, the feathers at
the base of hind neck have very dark brown middles (instead
of chestnut middles), and have an unbroken whitish sub-
terminal margin,

Iris red-brown ; skin around eye red; feet carmine-red ;
bill brownish-red.

Distribution. The Ngaundere Plateau, Cameroon.

* In aureus also the rump, the upper tail-coverts, and all secondaries
are yellow; in ardens the apical portions of the secondaries are black ;
while the rump, upper tail-coverts, and at least two-thirds of the
secondaries in baker? are black.

Vol. 1.] 34

Type in the British Museum, ¢ adult, 50 miles north-east
of Ngaundere, 3000 ft., 29 March, 1925. G. L. Bates Coll.
Brit. Mus. Reg. 1926.8.8.51.

Bill (exposed culmen) 15, wing 125, tail 75, tarsus 30 mm.

There is another form of this Stone-Bantam in the Lake
Chad area (P. p. butleri) which is strikingly lighter than the
form here described and has a great amount of rufous on
the plumage. Mr. Bates and I have little doubt that the
Stone-Bantam here described will prove to be a constant
form—our experience of birds from the high regions of
Cameroon has proved how distinct is the montane fauna
of this area.

Mr. G. L. Bates made the following remarks on variation
in the birds of a certain locality in the Mountains of
Cameroon :—

The variations in colour and size which mark geographical
races are not merely haphazard, but are connected in a way
with the nature of the country.

Birds resident at high altitudes are, on the average, larger
than the species found lower down, and those of well-watered
tropical countries where there is abundant vegetation are
more deeply-coloured than the same species inhabiting a
dry country.

In the mountains of Cameroon I have found a eircum-
scribed area where nearly all the resident birds are darker
than those of the same species from localities not far off.

This remarkable circumstance calls for further attention,
although I have already remarked on it at two previous
meetings of the Club when describing some new subspecies
from that district, viz.:—Laniarius atroflavus craterum,
Alseonax minimus okuensis, Urolais epichlora cinderella,
Mesopicus johnstont sordidatus, and Campethera wells: (now
to be regarded as a race of C. tullbergr), all described from
specimens—in some cases a series—obtained in the Oku
District of the Cameroon Mountains.

All of these subspecies differ markedly in their general
darker coloration from other races in some cases found in

oe [Vol. 1.

localities not more than 20 or 25 miles away (wide Bull.
B.O.C. xlvi. p. 87, and xlix. pp. 31-33), if yellow is present
on the underside it is duller or nearly absent.

I visited the Oku District in February 1925, and have
recently re-examined the collection I made during the week
I was there, which are all in the British Museum, with the
exception of a few at Tring and New York, and consist of
forty specimens belonging to twenty-three species.

Nearly the whole collection, and not only the five races
which I have described from there, differ in the same way,
with the exception of (a) two Swallows, a small Weaver,
and a Timaline bird, and (0b) two species of which I have not
seen other examples from localities in the Cameroon
Mountains. ~

The four exceptional species in category (a) are either
birds like Swallows or birds that are commoner lower down
the mountains, but the seventeen which are darker in the
Oku district are strictly mountain-birds, all but two or three
confined to the dark wooded ravines near the mountain-tops.

The altitude of the Oku District I have recorded on my
labels is too low and I am pretty sure it should be 7000 ft.
or over. The district appears to be the highest and most
extensive elevated area in the Banso Mountains—there seem
to be more woods, and the rainfall is probably heavier than
elsewhere in these mountains.

Miss ©. M. Actanp exhibited a Manx Shearwater
(Pufinus p. pufinus) half in down and half in juvenile
plumage, which was entirely white except for a few dark
feathers on the back. The specimen had been given to her
in the Faroes in the spring of 1928.

Vol. 1.] 36
NOTICES.

The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday,
January 8, 1930, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great
Portland Street, W.1. The Dinner at 7 p.m.

Members intending to dine are requested to inform the
Hon. Secretary, C. W. Mackworth-Praed, 51 Onslow Gardens,
London, S.W. 7.

Members who intend to make any communication at the
next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice before-
hand to the Editor, Mr. N. B. Kinnear, at the Natural History
Museum, South Kensington, S.W.7, and to give him their
MSS. for publication in the ‘ Bulletin,’ not later than at the
Meeting.

we” BULLETIN

OF THE

Pett iSH ORNITHOLOGISTS CLUB.
No. CCCXXXVIII.

Tue three-hundred-and-thirty-third Meeting of the Club was
held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street,
W.1,0n Wednesday, January 8, 1930.

ES ete Mare cere

Members present :—H. C. Stuart Baxer; D. A. BANNER-
man; F. J. F. Barrineton; 8. Boorman; P. R. E.
Browne; H. P. O. Cueave; R. A. Deane; A. H. Evans ;
Major 8. 8. Frower; Rev. J. R. Hate; Colonel A. H.
Hamerton; Dr. E. Harnrert; R. BE. Heata; R. Hors;
Rev. F. C. R. Jourpain; N. B. Kinnear (£ditor) ;
Dr. N. 8S. Lucas; Lt.-Col. H. A. F. Macrara; G. M.
Martuews; J. L. CoawortH Musters; T. H. Newman;
C. OtpHam; C. B. Ricketr; Lord Roruscuitp; W. L.
ScLaterR ; D. Suru-SmitH; H. Stevens; Marquess or
Tavistock ; W. H. THorrz; B. W. Tucker; Hues
Wuistuer ;x H. F. Wirgerspy; C. R. Woop; C. G. M. pvr
Worms.

— Guests present :-—N.G. Brownriee ; H. Evans; J. P. R,
Hate; G. Heiss; Berrram Luioyp; G. C. MeExrcrr;
Capt. R. Murray; C. Orton.

[January 27th, 1980. | VOL. L.

Vol. 1.] 38

Lord RorHscHILD made some remarks on the comparatively
large number of Birds-of-Paradise known only from single
examples or one or two skins—all, with one exception,
native collected—and of which the exact habitat in New
Guinea is unknown, despite the many collecting-expeditions
in recent years.

The following are the species exhibited :—

eS

. Paradisea maria Reichen.

. Paradisea miata Rothsch.

. Lamprothorax wilhelmine A. B. Meyer.
. Loborhamphus nobilis Rothsch.

. Loborhamphus ptilorhis Sharpe.
. Ptiloris mantoui (Oust.).

. Pseudastrapia lobata Rothsch.

. Pseudastrapia ellioti (Ward).

. Amblyornis flavifrons Rothsch.

. Parotia duwwenbode Rothsch.
11. Falcinellus astrapioides Rothsch.

ow ON GS Ot FE OC bO

_—

—_
i)

. Cicinnurus goodfellowt O.-Grant.

Of the twelve forms exhibited, Loborhamphus ptilorhis,
Pseudastrapia elliott, and Cicinnurus goodfellowt are the
property of the British Museum, the other nine are in the
Tring Museum. In addition to the twelve forms above-
mentioned, there are four other birds known only from
unique native skins, of which the habitat is unknown, viz. :—

1. Paradisea duivenboder Menegaux, in the Paris Museum.
2. Neoparadisea ruyst Van Oort.

3. Janthothorax bensbachi Buttik. ; 2 and 3 in the Leyden
Museum.

4. Crannurus lyogyrus Currie, in U.S. National Museum.

In connection with all these birds a great deal has been
written, both by myself and others, suggesting that many

a9 [ Vol. 1.

of them are hybrids. However, I now believe that only
Cicinnurus goodfellowt and Falcinellus astrapioides show
sufficiently clearly intermediate characters stamping them
as hybrids. I exhibit with Cicinnurus goodfellowi skins of
Cicinnurus regius and Diphyllodes guilelmi tertai, which I
consider to be its parents, and with Falcinellus astrapioides
I exhibit Falcinellus fastosus and Astrapia nigra, which are
in my opinion undoubtedly its parents.

Cicinnurus goodfellowi shows the central tail-feathers
intermediate between those of Diphyllodes and Cicinnurus,
and the flanks have the violet of D. guilelm: much reduced,
so that the underside is also intermediate.

Falcinellus astrapioides is apparently exactly intermediate
between the Astrapia and Falcinellus, the rectrices are longer
than in Astrapia, while they are much broader and less
pointed than in Falcznellus, but narrower and more pointed
than in Astrapia. The flank-plumes are much smaller and
shorter and more reduced than in Falcinellus and the breast
is intermediate between it and Astrapa. The bill was
apparently considerably longer than in Astrapia, but less
curved than in Falcinellus. I formerly thought Paradisea
maria was a hybrid between P. apoda auguste-victorie and
D. guilelmi, but now Ihave changed my mind, as the mixture
of ORANGE and WHITE could never produce the dull puce-
crimson of the ornamental plumes of P. marie.

Paradisea duivenbodei, on the other hand, has orange-yellow
plumes, but I do not think it is a hybrid; it certainly is not
identical with P. maria as Stresemann has said, for the
barbules of the outer half of the ornamental plumes are much
closer together, and the whole plumes are orange-yellow not
puce-crimson.

Paradisea mixta appears to be intermediate between a form
of P. apoda and P. minor, but I do not like to say that it is a
hybrid. Of Pseudastrapia elliott there is a perfect example
in the Dresden Museum. It might be argued that my Ps.
lobataisa young ¢ of Ps. elliott ; but I do not think so, as
the gloss on the tail-feathers of ellzot2 is purple, while in
lobata it is steel-blue.

Vol. 1.] 40

Of the birds exhibited the only one collected by a
BKuropean is Cicinnurus goodfellowi, which was obtained by
Mr. Walter Goodfellow on the Cyclops Mts. A second example
is in the Berlin Museum, brought back from the mandated
portion of New Guinea by Captain Hrichsen. As I have an
example of Diphyllodes guilelmi-tertu from the same territory,
this would not militate against its being a hybrid.

Lord RotsHscHILD also exhibited a @ of the melanistic
mutant of the Common Pheasant. He said he only exhibited
it as it was a complete melanic specimen, all the orange,
chestnut, and brown markings having been replaced by blue
or bluish green.

The Marqugss oF Tavistock exhibited two male hybrid
parrakeets—Princess of Wales’ (Spathopterus alexandre)
x Crimson-wing (Ptistes erythropterus) and Crimson-wing
(Ptistes erythropterus)X Sula Island King (Alisterus
sulaensis),—and made the following remarks :—

The subgenera Péstes and Alisterus are closely related ;
Ptistes and Spathopterus are also related, but less nearly
so. The three forms occur in the Australian or New Guinea
regions.

The Princess of Wales x Crimson-wing hybrid shows a
fairly even fusion of the characteristics of the parent species,
but the rose-colour on the lower breast is deeper than that of
the male parent, while there is a vinous-red patch on the
under tail-coverts which does not occur either in Spathopterus
or Ptistes.

The Crimson-wing x Sula Island King hybrid is perhaps
the more interesting from a scientific standpoint. The King
Parrakeets (Alisterus, formerly Aprosmictus) are a group
containing several species and subspecies. They may be
divided into two classes. Some, which may be assumed to
be the more primitive, have a different plumage for the two
sexes, and the males invariably, and the females occasionally,
have a pale green bar or stripe running longitudinally down
the centre of the dark green wing. In the other group,

41 [i Volt.

apparently the more highly specialized, the sexes are alike
and the wing is of a uniform dark colour—usually green. _
The Sula Island King is the smallest member of this latter
group ; therefore the hybrid is a cross between a bird witha
large red patch on the wing and one with no wing-markings
at all. It might have been expected that the hybrid would
show a mixture of red and dark green feathers, or, by
complete fusion of the two colours, a brown wing-bar. As
a matter of fact, with the second moult and the gaining of
full adult plumage, a large pale greenish-yellow wing-bar is
assumed. Hybridization thus appears to have revived a
primitive character normally latent in the King Parrakeets
of the Sula Island group. It is interesting to record that
Gould’s ‘ Birds of New Guinea’ contains a plate of an
Aprosmictine parrakeet which he named Aprosmictus
insignissimus, but which is now regarded as a hybrid between
the Australian King Parrakeet (Aprosmictus vel Alzsterus
cyanopygius) and the Crimson-wing. The Australian King
Parrakeet has a pale green wing-stripe, and Gould’s A.
insignissemus shows a wing-bar of much the same size and
colour as the Sula Island hybrid. At the same time as the
living birds, a skin of a young female hybrid, S. alexandra x
P. erythropterus in first plumage, was exhibited, together
with a skin of a male hybrid, P. erythropterus x A. sulaensis
in second plumage, showing a red cap, but no wing-bar.
In first plumage these Sula Island hybrids are somewhat
variable, some being almost wholly green ; some having red
thighs ; some a red abdomen, and some the abdomen and
lower half of the breast red.

Mr. Gracory M. Maruews sent the following :—
Doreenia, gen. nov.

Differs from Nestor Lesson in having the bill smooth,
with no groove, thin, without a notch and not so curved.
In Nestor the bill is deep through at the base and the point
is well curved over. The wing-formula: the 2nd, 3rd, and
4th primaries equal and longest, the 1st a little shorter.

Type, Nestor notabilis Gould.

Vol. 1.] 42

Anthus noveseelandiz taupoensis, subsp. nov.

Differs from Anthus noveseelandie reischeki in being
almost black above, with scarcely any lighter edges to the
feathers ; below white, heavily spotted on the chest and body
with black. The wings are longer, 92-93 mm. against 87 ;
tails longer, 72-75 against 70.

Locality. Lake Taupo, North Island, New Zealand.

Type in the British Museum. March 1910. Collected by
Miss A. Churnside. Reg. No. 1910.7.7.203.

All other forms of this species are olive-brown above.
The type-locality of retscheki is Hautura Island or Little
Barrier Island, towards the north of North Island.

Cyanoramphus auriceps novana, subsp. nov.

Differs from C. a. macleani in beinglarger (wing 111 mm.).
and in having a heavier bill, and the general coloration
above and below darker.

Type. Birch Ridge, 3000 feet, Maungahaumia, north of
North Island, New Zealand.

Type in the British Museum. (¢, Maungahaumia, North
Island, New Zealand, 21 July, 1906. J. C. McLean.
Reg. No. 1908.3.30.13.

Limnocinclus acuminatus juva, new name for L. a. rufescens
Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. xxxvi. p. 82, 1916, not
Middendorff, Sibir. Reise, vol. 11. pt. 2, p. 221, 1851.

Chairman’s Annual Address,

Owing to the fact that the Chairman’s Annual Address on
the subject of Hybridization in Birds has necessarily suffered
from the abstracted form in which it had to appear in the
‘Bulletin’ of January 9th, 1930, a fuller exposition of the
subject will, we are informed, shortly appear in the pages of
‘The Ibis.’

HRRATA.

Page 28, lines 8, 28, for “‘ marriage-crowd ” or plethogam
read ‘* mictogone.”

Page 29, line 6, for P. h. shawi read P. principalis shawe
and P. p. tamirensis.—Ep.

43 Vol si.

Mr. N. B. Kinnear sent the following note on the mea-
surements of Tephrodornis gularis hainanus :—‘‘ When
describing, in the ‘ Bulletin’ (vol. xlv. p. 105), Tephrodornis
gularis latouchei, I gave by mistake the wrong measurements
for the wings of the Hainan race, which should be as follows:
5 g§ wings 115-119, 4 ¢ 113-119.”

NOTICES.

The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday,
February 12, 1930, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great
Portland Street, W.1. The Dinner at 7 p.m.

Members intending to dine are requested to inform the
Hon. Secretary, C. W. Mackworth-Praed, 51 Onslow ee
London, S.W. 7.

Members who intend to make any communication at the
next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice before-
hand to the Editor, Mr. N. B. Kinnear, at the Natural History
Museum, South Kensington, 8.W. 7, and to give him their
MSS. for publication in the ‘ Bulletin,’ not later than at the
Meeting.

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Birk Reon.

BULLETIN

OF THE

BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB.

No. CCCXXAAIXZ.

Tae three-hundred-and-thirty-fourth Meeting of the Club was
held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street,
W.1,0n Wednesday, February 12, 1930.

Chairman: Dr. P. R. Lowe.

Members present :—Miss C. M. Actanp; E. C. Sruarr
Baker; F. J. F. Barrineton; Miss M. G: 8S. Burst;
Per bUNYARD; A. Lt BuriuR 3 Sir Percy Z/ Cox ;''A’ Ht:
Hvans; A. Ezra; Miss J. M. Ferrier; Major BS. S.
Prowse; Rev. J. KR. Hatz; B. 'G: Harrison; Dr. EB:
Hartert; R. H. Heate; Rev. F. C. R. Jourpain; Dr. G.
CARMICHAEL Low; C. W. Mackwortu-Prarp (Hon. See.
&§ Treas.) ; Lt.-Col. H. A, F. Macratra ; G. M. Maruews ;
W. Norman May; J. L. CHawortH Musters; T. H.
Newman; C. OtpHam; C.B. Rickerr; Lord RorHscHixp ;
W. UL. Sciater; D. Sera-Suira; Major.A:. G. L.
SuapeN; H. Stevens; Marquess or Tavistock; A.
LANpDsBoROUGH THomson; W.H.THoRPE; Hugo WHISTLER ;
H. F. Wirgersy; C. R. Woon; C.J. M. pE Worms.

Guests present :—Miss D, Horpern ; W. WILLIAMS.

{ March 5th, 1930.) a VOL. L.

Vou 4.) 46

Mr. H. Srevens gave the following account of a recent
trip in Western China :—

It was my good fortune in November 1928 to join the
Kelley-Roosevelts Expedition for the Field Museum to
Szechuan, and, as I lost connection with the rest of our
party, I did not return south through Yunnan with them,
but remained six months longer in China, which enabled me
to work the stretch of country traversed to better advantage.
Our party was composed of Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, |
Kermit Roosevelt, Suydam Cutting, and Jack Young—
a Chinese youth and an American citizen who acted as
interpreter. My route for the most part did not coincide
with that of my friends, as it had been arranged before-
hand to split our caravan as soon as convenient, so that
each of us could work to the best advantage in our respective
spheres. As you may be aware, apart from other valuable
specimens, the rare Giant Panda (a coveted prize) was
obtained in Lolo country, south of Tachienlu, before the
the main party had left to join the Indo-China contingent
under Harold Coolidge.

My collections comprised some 500 mammals, 1150 birds,
several hundred reptiles, amphibians, and fish, 5000 butter-
flies, numbers of flies and beetles, specimens of fleas, and a
few clutches of eggs, in addition to a large representative
collection of flowering plants and some shrubs.

We left Bhamo on 26 December, 1928, and in nine days
reached Tengyueh, in Yunnan. Azizah, my Kashmiri
servant, and I left here on 6 January, 1929, the rest of the
party having started on the previous day. Crossing the
Shweli-Salween Divide at 8000ft. and afterwards the Salween-
Mekong Divide at a similar altitude, I reached Yung-chang-
fu in five days. After crossing the Mekong I took an
easterly route through unsurveyed, broken country traver-
sing the beds of several streams and across numerous minor
watersheds at varying altitudes up to 8500 ft. The Gorge
of the Yangpi Ho was crossed on a bamboo raft, while the
mules swam; thence to Ming-shih and across the source

47 [ Vol. 1.

of the Red river, descending to the Erh lake and reaching
Tali-fu in nine days, where I caught up the rest of the
party. Next morning we set out wd Chien-chuan-chou for
Li-Kiang, which place we reached in five days. On the
26 January the other members of the party left for the long
trek to Tachienlu where I was to rejoin them, but as no
collector had worked the country north of Muli, the land of
the Lamas and a semi-independent principality, I went there
and collected at eight different stations, including the slopes
of the snow mountain Satseteo, and arrived at Tachienlu on
3 June, where I learnt that the rest of the party had reached
Yunnan far in the south on 3 May.

Two separate camps were made to the west and south of
Tachienlu, 12 and 15 miles distant respectively, and then
I was joined by Huston Edgar, a missionary, who had on
previous occasions travelled with Colonel Bailey, Mr. Ernest
Wilson, Dr. Weigold, and others. On this journey we
travelled 210 miles through the grass-lands of the Tibetan
Borderland and returned by the Haitzeshan, a pass over a
shoulder of the Zhara, a snow mountain, given as 25,584 ft.
on some maps, but deleted on the most recent War Office
maps.

One pyramid-like peak—the Minya Gonka, meaning
merely snow mountain, and without a name—which I saw to
perfection owing to perfect climatic conditions from several
positions. The height of this mountain is unknown and will
probably rival some of the other grand peaks of the Hima-
laya. Outline sketches of these mountain ranges were made
when my camera failed me and have been handed to the
Royal Geographical Society, who are going into the whole
question of earlier records. I was determined to penetrate
the unknown and locally-dreaded region of Yeutong and
Mouping, the latter for its associations with the Abbé David,

Abbé David, by arrangement with the Franciscan Order
and the Paris Museum, was able to devote his services
wholly in the interests of Natural History. Apart from his
earlier and later travels, according to the ‘ Encyclopedia
Sinica, he arrived in Chengtu in January 1869, explored

Vol. 1.] 48

first the mountains lying to the north of that city and pro-
ceeded to Mupin, a Tibetan principality, eight days’ journey
north-west of Chengtu, where he remained until November
1869. Whether Abbé David actually resided in the town
itself I was unable to find out, but at present there is
apparently no R.C. Mission there and the only one I know,
with the exception of Mongong in the north, is at Ko-
chiai-ho-pa, in the extreme west, where I stayed for two
nights. .

On this journey the route chosen took us through the
Gorge of the Tung Ho, and, after crossing the river, two
stiff ascents were negotiated of 2500 and 3800 ft. respec-
tively, the maximum altitude reached being 10,800 ft. We
then proceeded through secluded valleys, moderately popu-
lated, until we joined the trail at the west of the water-shed
used by the medicinal-root collectors, and on through forested
defiles, over the hanging platforms of loose split branches,
and tree-trunk bridges to the open alpine country, which runs
up to 13,100 ft. altitude, and then down by a very bad track
through the forest to the town of Mouping. I may remark
that when one looks down upon, or even traverses, these
valleys, one begins to wonder, at times, how it will ever be
possible to get out again!

A farther 55 miles next brought us to Yachou in four days.
Thence by raft over the endless rapids of the Ya river to
Kiating in two days. Two perilous days’ motor rides to
and from Chengtu, the ancient capital, were fitted in with
business as a little diversion. A further trip of 85 miles
was made to the sacred mountain Omeishan. Proceeding
by junk on the Min river to Suifu, where I finished collecting
and after a week’s sojourn with a kindred spirit, Dr. David
Graham, set off again by junk down the Yangtse to Chung-
king, and from there by the 8.8. ‘ Wantung,’ of Wanhsien
notoriety, through the Gorges—Box canyon is more
appropriate—-to Ichang, eventually to Shanghai, which was
reached on the 6 November, 1929: in all, 1600 miles were
covered on trail, well-nigh four-fifths of it on foot.

The villagers in the outlying country were friendly and
hospitable, the same applies to the lamas, and necessity stifled

49 [ Vol. 1.

scruples in regard to food and accommodation. On the
rivers I had an anxious time getting my collections past
the numerous tax stations. Once Shanghai was reached,
arrangements for the clearance of my innumerable packages
had been so perfected by my friends that there was no
difficulty.

Wherever foreign missions were established I received a
warm welcome. At Chengtu I met a keen ornithologist. in
Mrs. Dye, the wife of my kind host, Prof. Dye of the Union |
University. She it was who pointed out to me the peregrine
which annually comes to their clock-tower. I was able to
show her that dainty Titmouse (Parus venustulus), a new
record to her list. To the Andrews of Li-Kiang and the
Cunninghams of Tachienlu J am especially indebted. The
latter friends brought my collections with them to Kiating.
‘On this journey their raft struck a partially submerged rock,
but fortunately nothing of our effects in.importance suffered,
due to precautions taken beforehand to have our boxes sewn
up in hides.

A few remarks on the birds :—Wily cranes of at least
three species (chiefly negricollis), in flocks varying from a
dozen to roughly a hundred, were frequently seen in the
cultivated, well-watered valleys in Yunnan—the lust I saw
of them was on the Yungning plain,—but, before leaving
Kiating on the 11 October, 1929, two dozen passed heading
down the river, and, lower down on the 15th, I counted 66
followed by 32 others. Crowds of duck were to be seen in
the swampy marshes around Chien-chouan-chou, and on
coming down the Yangtse vast flocks, daily and sometimes
hourly, were passed. Above and below Shazee I identified
small groups of the Mandarin Ducks. The Paddy bird
(Bubulcus ibis coromandus) were seen here and there in the
swampy ground at Hadja Tungoo (13,000 ft.). Reck-
pigeons appeared south of Likiang and at Yungning, and
nest in the towers and abandoned stone houses of the Tibetan
Borderland, as well as in the crags of severa] prominent
bluffs. The Snow-pigeon have a predilection for the ground
in the vicinity of numerous hot sulphur springs around

‘Tachienlu, but occurred also at many other localities, as
as

Vol. 1.] 50

far south as Likiang in February. The purple wood-
pigeon (Columba pulchricollis) in early October was seen on
Omeishan.

The Dove (Qnopopelia tranquebarica) was first obtained
at the first day’s camp north of Wushi on the 26th of May,
at 13,550 feet, and again many times later in similar and
lower altitudes. A few pairs of I[bis-bill occurred on the
rivers in open country north of Tachienlu. I also came
upon two breeding-grounds of the eastern redshank in
extensive swamps south of Pamei and north of Kwan-chiai,
where at this latter locality on 28 July I shot another
interesting Zringa. Charadrius placidus appeared on the
eravelly reaches isolated in the bed of a river, which I
traversed at low water, to the east of the Mekong in
Yunnan on 14 January, where quite likely they breed. A
pair of woodcock were seen at Kulu on 16 April in a forest-
glade at 12,500 feet. Farther north of Kulu I did not meet
with the solitary snipe, but odd birds occurred throughout the
country north of Likiang on suitable ground—lI put up five,
at intervals, in the bed of a torrent on the slopes of the
Likiang Range on 15 February. ‘The conifer-forests held
all such genera as we associate with similar vegetation in
our own country :—crested tits, creepers, nuthatches, a
bullfinch, a crossbill, and a goldcrest, while the last-named
was not met with again after Kulu. Parus palustris dejeant
seemed to be ever with me beyond Likiang. Parus davidi
was only obtained to the west of the watershed en route to
Mouping, in forest. Numerous species of rose-finch and two
species of grosbeak were collected. On 19 April I counted
a flock of 50 at least—Perissospiza icterioides, and it was a
thrilling sight to see these fine yellow and black grosbeaks
moving amongst the tops of the pines, uttering plaintive
call-notes.

I did not meet with Kophona until Suifu was reached,
but the large party out of which a number were obtained
may possibly have been cold-weather migrants from higher
ground. Several species of warbler (Phylloscopus) were
widely distributed. That remarkable parraquet (Psitiacula

51 [Vol. 1.

derbyana), first seen as a cage-bird in Yungchang-fu, was
also widely distributed in the pine-forests and feeds on the -
seeds of the cones. Muscicapa hodgsonit occurred in wooded
country as far north as I penetrated, but sparingly. The
fantail flycatcher (Rhipidura albicollis) was met in the
warm deep valleys of south Szechwan.

At Yungchang-fu several hoopoes frequented the enclosure
of the caravanserai, one of which was curtseying on the
wall, uttering its twice repeated call-note, which I had long
desired to hear; and it was only 10 January. Owing to
the height of the trees there was great difficulty in getting
woodpeckers. The three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridac-
tylus funebris) was met with on many occasions in the
pine-forests north of Likiang. The green and large pied
woodpeckers were plentiful in open, sparsely wooded country
south-west of Tachienlu. A pair of the large black wood-
pecker was seen only once in Yeutong, at 10,000 feet, but
the handsome Woodpecker (Dryocopus forresti), described
by Lord Rothschild, was obtained in heavy fir-forest in
the Litang valley, Szechwan, more than 200 miles to the
east of the Mekong, the tyve-locality.

The distribution of Passer montanus and Passer cinna-
momeus, two species of Crow-tit (Suthora), Scimitar- Babbler
(Pomatorhinus), Dipper (Cinelus cinclus and C. pallasir),
and the various laughing-thrushes was of particular interest,
and so was the arrival of the summer migrants, including
the emerald (Chalcites maculatus) and other cuckoos at
Muli. I obtained Cuculus canorus with an oviduct egg on
1 July at 13,500 feet on the Ya-ja-jen pass, where I saw
two others at the same time. I met with it again on other
occasions, a thousand feet higher on the Tibetan Borderland,
where its call seemed remarkably appropriate. Larks were
in song on the Likiang plain during the lengthy periods of
sunshine in February, and equally so on the grass-lands in
July. An Acrocephalus occurred at Wuchi. The wren
(Troglodytes) was only sparingly distributed north of
Likiang ; the last one seen was at a place four days’ journey
south of Tachienlu. Thattiny gem Abrornis albogularis fulvi-

Vol. 1.] ae

facies was obtained for the first time at Suifu. The raven
was met with on the first occasion near An-yang-pa on
15 July, but a dozen or so frequented our camp north
of Hlagong monastery farther north. The largest flock of
choughs, at least 300 in number, was observed on 20 Febru-
ary at the foot of the Likiang Range. Pairs of magpies were
in evidence in open country wherever there was a house,
and above the Yangpi Gorge on 17 January I saw a flock
of 50. At Baurong, the usual solitary magpie’s nest contained
only one nestling—an indication that stress of circumstances
would not allow more to survive. On 25 July at Tailing,
on the plain, a crowd of jackdaws (Coleus dauuricus), some
400 in number, were engaged in feeding on a tzpula, or
crane-fly. Youngsters, both pied and entirely black, were
vociferously demanding attention. This species was first
met at the village of Ta-li-shao, to the west of the Mekong,
on 10 January. Nutcrackers occurred only at rare
intervals throughout the country traversed, and were more
plentiful on the Yangtse Big Bend. The first pair of Corvus
torquatus seen—a certain sign that we were nearing the
plains—was on 17 September, north of Renja-ba, after
leaving the town of Mouping. Numbers of the eastern
rook were observed two days later near Yachou. Garrulus
was met with only once ina valley at 11,000 feet, where
mixed oak and rhododendron predominated, four days’
journey to the south-west of Tachienlu, but odd birds were
to be seen in cages from the town of Mouping southwards.
The alpine chough was only seen on the Ya-ja-jen, south of
Tachienlu, on a moraine at 14,500 feet, in a party of twenty
or thereabouts.

About a score of griffon vultures had a breeding-site
on a rocky eminence about a mile from our camp, 19-
23 July, and on 27 July three adult lammergeyers whirled
past, with the swish of wings so near as to be audible
to us on the march. JI saw this magnificent bird, how-
ever, as far south as the Likiang Range, at Kulu where
it was clumsily beating for picas (Ochotona), and daily at
Tachienlu, while to the south I obtained one at Walee. A

53 (Vol. 1.

large dark eagle, seen south of Tali-fu on 19 January,
beating the hills near at hand to my trail, and to judge by ©
its actions and size, must have been chrysaétus. Buzzards
were numerous between Tali-fu and Likiang, but the
majority evidently go farther north to breed. Haliaétus
leucoryphus, an adult, was seen one-and-a-half days’ march
north of Tongolo, at 12,600 feet on 18 July, following the
course of one of the numerous rivers. The kite (Milvus
lineatus) was widely spread—even the poorest hamlet would
receive the attentions of an odd bird, if only for a brief
survey. A clutch of four eggs of the dark-plumaged kestrel
was obtained from a hole on a perpendicular crag at Baurong,
and asimilar breeding-site was noticed en route in the Litang
valley. At Tengyueh, on 3 January, a congregation of
about a dozen kestrels, presumably of the cold-weather
migrant, were soaring over the grave-studded hilis.
Phasianus had a wide distribution both in Yunnan anil
Szechwan. I first obtained Chrysolophus amherstie at
Muli, and what delight to first see this glorious bird in its
natural haunts! Crossoptilon was widely spread north of
Kulu; many lateral valleys contained a small party. On
one vccasion I saw at least 50 adults with their young in
an extensively wooded valley, 34 days’ journey north of
Tachienlu. Several were ignominiously hung up as scare-
crows in fields under scanty cultivation at Wushi, and at
this place I obtained chicks in the middle of May. On the
first occasion I heard the bark of this pheasant, during a
lonely trudge through deep snow in a conifer forest—I could
scarcely get it out of my head that this sound must emanate
from wolves. Tetrastes, the hazel-hen, was met with at my
first camp north of Kulu, a considerable distance south from
where it has previously been recorded. At Kwan-chiai, in
the extreme north of my travels, both broods of three-
quarter-grown young and chicks were seen at 13,500 feet,
on 30 July. Blood pheasants of at least two forms were
obtained. A cock monal (Lophophorus Vhuysii) nose-dived
through the mist on 27 June above Walee, 15 miles south
of Tachienlu, where I saw another, a single female, but

Vol. 1] 54

failed to meet with others. I am not aware that jungle-
fowl have been reported so far north in Yunnan, yet I
plainly saw a cock enter some scrub-growth when traversing
the watershed south of the Erh lake at 7500 feet, on
19 January, south of Hsia-kuan, at a point some 20 miles
south of the city of Tali-fu. Perdix hodgsonia, evidently
sifanica, was obtained north of Tongolo, amonst the villagers’
barley crops. A party of Lerwa was seen at 15,000 feet
below the snow-covered slopes of a mountain to the west of
the Ya-ja-jen pass on 80 June. Larus brunneicephalus was
observed in some numbers amongst the rice-fields north of
Tali-fu, while the small gull seen at Chien-chuan-chou in
Yunnan, on 23 January, must have been Larus gelastes.

My work, in so far as the birds are concerned, can only
be regarded as supplementary to the extensive collections
which have been already made in Yunnan and Szechwan,
and will fill inin a gap where no collecting had been
previously done. I was moving away from the richer
avifauna in the south, and not far enough north to meet
with the peculiar Kansu forms.

Mr. Huen Waster exhibited two chicks in down of the
dark hybrid or mutant Pheasant, which has lately come to
notice in many parts of England. Mr. Whistler pointed
out that the chicks exhibit all the dark pigmentation of the
adults, and are very different from the normal Pheasant
chick, of which a specimen was also shown for comparison.
A white throat-pateh and white wing-tips are curiously
persistent in the chicks of the dark form. The specimens
have been deposited in the British Museum.

Mr. Gregory Maruews sent the following note :—

Dr. Robert C. Murphy in the American Museum Novi-
tiates, no. 276, 8 Sept., 1927, identifies a Shearwater collected
by Mr. R. H. Beck on the Melapav Island, New Hebrides, on
14 Sept., 1926, as Pufinus lherminiert nugaz Mathews, Birds
of Austral. 1912, vol. ii. p. 72, which name was based on
Solander’s MSS. description of a bird captured at sea off
Townsville, Queensland.

55 [ Vol. 1.

As the name nugax is preoccupied, I propose the name
gunax for the bird described by Murphy on p. 12 of the
American Mus. Nov. as quoted above.

This will therefore stand as

Puffinus lherminieri gunax, nom. nov.
Type, no. 215393, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., female.
In no. 322, p. 4, of the same publication, four more speci-
mens were taken on the same island.
Distr.—Melapav (Meralav or Star -Peak) Islet, Bank
Group, New Hebrides (breeding?). Wandering in the non-

_ breeding season to the Queensland coast.

Col. R. MEINERTZHAGEN sent the following deseription ak
Argya caudatus therese, subsp. nov.

Differs from A. ¢. huttont in having darker fringes to the
feathers cf the crown and nape, and in being more heavily
streaked below, especially on the lower throat.

Type, ad. 3, Baghdad, 28.xii.1922, Meinertzhagen Coll.

Material examined: 11 specimens from Iraq and 2 from
Shiraz. A large series of A. c. huttont examined from
Seistan, Kandahar, Baluchistan, and Sind. .

Distr.—Iraq and south-west Persia.

Mr. N. B. Kinnear sent the following description :—

Timelia pileata dictator, subsp. nov.

Similar to 7. pileata intermedia, but paler both above and
below, especially the rufous of the belly.

Type in the British Museum, ¢, Dran, 8. Annam,
11 May, 1918. Collected by C. Boden Kloss. Reg.
Wo. 1919. 12. 20. 282.

Distr.— Seventeen specimens examined from Cochin
China, Saigon, and Tay Ninh; S. Annam, Dran, Djiring ;
Central Annam, Thua-Lun ; Laos, Napé.

Norsr.—A bird from Nong-Het, Laos, appears to be inter-
mediate, and four specimens from Tonkin and two from
Kwangsi, S. China, are 7. p. intermedia.

Vol. 1.] 56

NOTICES.

The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday,
March 12, 1930, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great
Portland Street, W.1. The Dinner at 7 p.m. Members are
reminded that this Dinner is held conjointly with the Annual
Dinner of the B. 0. U., and that they are allowed to bring
Lady Guests.

The Meeting will be devoted to an exhibition of two films of
bird-life.

Members of the B. 0. C. intending to dine should inform the
Hon. Secretary, C. W. Mackworth-Praed, 51 Onslow Gardens,
London, S.W.7, and not the Secretary of the Union. This
notice is necessary in order that the seating may be arranged
beforehand, and failure to let the Secretary know may result
in no seat being available.

The Subscription for 1929-30—£1 1s.—became due on
October 1 last. The Treasurer hopes that those who do not
pay by banker’s order, or who have not already paid, will send
him this without further notice.

BULLETIN

OF THE

~ No. CCCXL.

Tus three-hundred-and-thirty-fifth Meeting of the Club was
held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street,
W.1, 0n Wednesday, March 12, 1930, in conjunction with
the Annual Dinner of the British Ornithologists’ Union.

Mr. W. L. Scuater, the President of the B. O. U., took
the Chair during the Dinner, and Dr. P. R. Lows during
the subsequent proceedings.

Members of the B. O. C. present :—Miss C. M. Acuanp ;
E. CG. Stuart Baker; D. A. Bannerman; F. J. F. Bar-
RINGTON ; Miss M.G.S. Best; 8. Boorman; H. B. Booty;
A. W. Bord; Sir J. Roszk Braprorp; A. L. BUTLER ;
Hon. G. L. Cuarteris; Col. SrepHENSON R. CLARKE;
H. P.O. Cueave ; Capt H. L. Cocurant,R.N.; Sir Percy
Z. Cox’; A. B. Duncan; W. B. Duncan; A. Ezra; Miss
J. M. Ferrier; K. Fisher; W. HE. Guirec; Rev. J. R.
Hate; Col. A. EB. Hamerton; B. G. Harrison; Dr. J. M.
Harrison; R. E. HearH; Mrs. Hopexin; R. HE. Hope;
N. B. Kinnear (Editor); Rev. F. C. R. Jourpain; Dr.
P.R. Lowe (Chairman) ; N.S. Lucas ; C. W. Mackwortu-

[ March 27th, 1980.] VOL. L,

Vol. 1.] 58

PraEpD (Hon. Sec. § Treas.); G. M. Matoews; EH. G. B.
MrapE-Watpo; B. B. Osmaston; W. SHore-BaAtLy;
W.L. Scrater; Major A. G. L. Stapen; Marquess oF
Tavistock ; A. LANDsBorouGH THomson;” Dr. C. B. Trcez-
HuRsT + B. W. Tucker; Miss EB. L. Turner; H. Wuisther;
H. F. Wirgersy; C. R. Woop; C.J. M. p—E Worms.

Members of the B. O. U.:—C. E. Baker; Miss P.
BARGLAY-SmitH® Mrs. M. D. Brinpitey; Mrs. V. Cran-
FIELD; K, J. Acton Davi8; H. J. 8. Dovenas; F. H.
Epmonson; A. K. Gipson; Miss BE. M Gopman; Miss A.
Hiseert-Ware; W. HE. Hicnam; Miss A. Horpern; Mrs.
H. M. Rart-Kurr; Miss E..M. Knope; Miss B. Leaca;
Mrs. M. L. Lemon; T. H. McKirrricx; Mrs. A. H. Mur-
ton; Dr. W. H. Osagoop; Lt.-Col. A. Luoyp OwrEn; Miss
F. Pirr; Dr. Erwin Streseman; F. R. P. Srrincer; Dr.
Tan THomson; Dr. G. M. Vevers; J. P. Watson; Capt.
L. R. Waup; Capt. W. B. I. Wesser; T. WELLs.

Guests present :—Capt. F. EH. Dyke Actanp; Miss L.
AssHETON; Mrs. D. A. BANNERMAN; Mrs. Stuart BAKER;
M. Bennett; J. Bevan; Mrs. B. B. Birp; Miss Brrp;
Dr. A. BurpEtT; Mrs. Burprr; Miss L. Coarteris; Mrs.
STEPHENSON CLARKE; KR. 8. Charke; Miss R.S8. Cray ;
Lady Cox; T. T. Davizs; Miss Ci! Fryers; Mrs. Gusae ;
Miss C. EH. Gopman; Brig.-Gen. Rotanp Haic; Mrs. R.
Haic-THomas; J. P. R. Hare;. A. Hi. Harknuss: EK.
Harkness; Mrs. Higham ; F. Lemon ; Mrs. Percy Lowe ;
Mrs. Lucas ; Mrs. MackwortH-PRAED ; Capt. K; Murray;
F.Prke; Miss RHopss; L.Sarcent; Mrs. W. L. ScLatTer;
Mrs. SHoRE-BatLty; M. H. Smmonps; Mrs. A. G. L.
SLADEN; Miss B. Souny; Miss Strainer; Mrs. C. E.
WINIFRED Stringer; Mrs. [an Toomson; Mrs. Lanps-
BOROUGH,; Mrs. Tucker; Miss Twist; J. Vincent; R. H.
WerHereD;, Mrs. H. F. Wirnersy; T. WitrHers; M.
Wesser; Mrs. C. R. Woon; Miss D. M. Wynne; and 5

others.

59 [ Vol.1.

The evening was devoted to an exhibition of cinemato-
graph films of bird-life, but before these were put on the ©
screen Mr. [An THomson showed a very fine series of slides
of Montagu’s Harrier taken in Norfolk, and he is to be con-
gratulated on his good fortune in securing a picture of the
male at the nest along with the female.

Mr. W. E. Hiauam then exhibited a film showing the
life-history of Montagu’s Harrier and some other birds,
such as the Bearded Reedling, Red-backed Shrike, ete.
His film was exceptionally clear, and is certainly one of the
best we have seen of birds photographed in this country.

Dr. A. Burpst, of Holland, followed with a most interest-
ing series of pictures, principally of Dutch birds, including
Ruffs fighting, Black-tailed Godwit at nest, Great Crested
Grebe and young, Little Bittern and young, Heron, young
Cuckoo fed by Reed-Warblers, Black Woodpecker, Spoon-
bill, and Long-and Short-eared Owls at nest. He also showed
a beautiful picture taken in Switzerland of a Honey-Buzzard
at its nest. ‘This film was admirable throughout, and
members are very much indebted to Dr. Burdet for the
privilege of seeing such a wonderful series of pictures.

Mr. Davip BANNERMAN sent the following note on the
races of WVeotis cafra and described a new subspecies :—

In working through the Bustards known as Stanley’s and
Denham’s for the second volume of my book, it became
obvious that we must in future recognize three forms instead
of the two which are listed on p. 113 of the ‘Systema Avium
Kthiopicarum,’ and in consequence the range as there set
out needs re-defining :—

NEOTIS CAFRA CAFRA (Licht.).

Stanley’s Bustard, the type-locality of which is now fixed
as King William’s Town district, Cape Province, is evidently
restricted in its range to South Africa, occurring from the
Cape Province to the high veldt of the Transvaal. ‘This
Bustard is distinguished by its small size when compared

Vol. 1.] 60

with the North or Hast African birds (wings of two apparent
females 440 and 480 mm., bill 61-63 mm. respectively),
rather paler (sandier-coloured) upper parts, but the right
rufous hind-neck even deeper in colour than in Hast African
examples (2 examples examined).

NEOTIS CAFRA DENHAMI (Childr.).

Denham’s Bustard, originally described from the neigh-
bourhood of Lake Chad, ranges across the whole of Northern
Africa from Fouta Jalon and Sierra Leone through the
Gold Coast, Nigeria, and Lake Chad, eastwards through
Darfur and Kordofan, north to Khartoum, and east to
Abyssinia. (Probably it is this race which has been recorded
from the Ubangi region, but I have not seen a specimen.)
Denham’s Bustard is distinguished from the typical species
by its larger size (wing in males 580-640, females 500-
535 mm.) and longer bill (72-89 mm.), darker upper parts,
but much paler rufous hind-neck. When compared with East
African examples, in addition to the paler hind-neck, it
appears, in the specimens available for comparison, to have
the lores whitish instead of black, and to have the super-
ciliaries less developed (9 examples examined).

The third race remains without a name, and I propose to
name it in honoured memory of our much-beloved and dis-
tinguished fellow-member, the late Sir Frederick Jackson,
who did so much to further our knowledge of Hast African
ornithelogy during and since his Governorship of Uganda.

Neotis cafra jacksoni, subsp. nov.

Jackson’s Bustard is a clearly-defined race which occurs
in Kenya Colony, Uganda, and the inland districts of
Tanganyika Territory and Rhodesia as far south as Lake
Bangweolo, also apparently from Mossamedes, Angola,
whence there are two skins in the Tring Museum. Jackson’,
Bustard may be distinguished from JV. cafra cafra by its
larger size (wing in males 525-600, females 475-560 mm.)
and darker coloration, particularly of the upper parts; the
bright rufous hind-neck is, however, not so deep rufous as in

61 [ Vol. 1.

Cape specimens. From JN. cafra denhamz it is distinguished _
by having the rufous hind-neck considerably darker, black
lores instead of whitish, and a longer superciliary streak.
In the rest of the colouring the Hast African race resembles
N. c. denhami as it does approximately in size, though
averaging slightly smaller (10 examples examined).

Type in the British Museum: ¢ adult, Amala River,
Kenya Colony. Collectors W. P. Lowe and J. P. Cozens,
Metz 16,1912. Reg. No. 1916.12.1.2:

Dr. Hartert and Mr. Goodson have been good enough to
examine additional material in Lord Rothschild’s Museum—
one skin of JV. cafra cafra, five of NV. c. denhami, seven of
NV. ¢. gacksoni—and confirm that three races are recognizable.

In all races of UV. cafra the females may be recognized by
the freckling on the breast ; this is also apparent in immature
birds, but whether young males have freckled breasts like
the females I have been unable to determine for lack of
specimens. Certain examples in the British Museum col-
lection have undoubtedly had the sex wrongly determined by
the collector, which has led to confusion between the sexes.
The three races may be picked out with ease by the depth of
rufous on the hind-neck, the other characters given being
subsidiary.

Mr. Grecory M. Marnews sent the following :—
Broderipornis, new generic name for Broderipus Bonaparte
(1854), not Broderpia J. H. Gray (1847). Type Oriolus

chinensis Linné.

Dr. E. StTRESEMANN sent the following description :—-

Ninox noveseelandiz remigialis, subsp. nov.

- Most nearly allied to WV. n. ocellata (Bp.)=miata Math.,
especially to specimens from Letti, Moa, and Romah Islands,
but distinguished by having the barring of the primaries
and secondaries much less pronounced; on the latter the
barring is reduced to white spots on the basal half of the
feathers (inner web only). Rectrices with rather faint

Vol. 1.] 62

whitish cross-bars on the inner web. Colour of back earthy-
brown, less pronounced than in nearly all specimens from
Letti ete. Reddish-brown stripes of breast not contracted
or broadened, as is the case in various races of JN. ocellata.
Size as in ocellata from Letti ete.

Type in the British Museum, 9, changing from juvenile
to first year’s plumage, Kei Islands, July 1909, W. Stalker
leg. No. 73. Reg. No. 1910.12.28.96. Wing 221, iail
130 mm. _ Iris light yellow.

One specimen only examined. val a

No species of Minow had hitherto been recorded from the
Kei Islands. ‘

NOTICES.

The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday.
April 9, 1930, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great
Portland Street, W.1. The Dinner at 7 p.m.

A Lecture will be given by Mr. V.C. Wynne Edwards on
‘An Ecological Study of Birds in Devon.”

Members intending to dine are requested to inform the
Hon. Secretary, C. W. Mackworth-Praed, 51 Onslow Gardens,
London, S.W. 7.

Members who intend to make any communication at the
next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice before-
nand to the Editor, Mr. N. B. Kinnear, at the Natural History
Museum, South Kensington, S.W. 7, and to give him their
MSS. for publication in the ‘ Bulletin,’ not later than at the

Meeting.

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BULLETIN

rok OF THE
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Ee a a a

<a OF
f¥_ »» .°\ No. CCCXLI.

Tue three-hundred-and-thirty-sixth Meeting of the Club was
held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street,
W.1, on Wednesday, April 9, 1930.

Chairman: Major 8. 8. Fiower.

Members present :—Miss C. M. Actanp; D. A. BANNER-
man; F.J. F. Barrineton ; Miss M.G.S. Best; 8. Boor-
MAN; A. L. Burter; Sir Percy Z. Cox; A. H. Evans ;
Miss J. M. Ferrier; Col. A. EH. Hamertron; B. G. Harri-
son; T. H. Harrisson; Dr. E. Hartert; R. HE. Heats ;
R. Hore; N. B. Kinnear (Editor); C. W. Mackwortu-
PraAED (Hon. Sec. § Treas.) ; Lt.-Col. H. A. F. Maaratu ;
P. Manson Bawr; G. M. MatHews; Mrs. D. NicHOLLs ;
C. OtpHam; C. B. Rickrerr; Lord Roruscuitp; W. L.
Sctater; D. Sera-SmitrH; H. Srevens; Marquess oF
Tavistock ; W. H. THorpe; Capt. ALastarR URQUHART ;
H. Wuistuter; H. F. Witgersy; C. R. Woop.

' Guests :—V. C. Wynne Epwarps; H. S. FLower;
PA. Hampron; P. A. D. Hottom; Li. Jortine; T. H.
McKirrrick; A. J. McNair; W. H. Oseoon; ‘J. P.
WATSON.

{ May 7th, 1980. ] a VOL. L.

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65 [Vol. 1.

Mr. V. C. Wynne Epwarps read a paper, illustrated by -
lantern-slides, entitled ‘“ Ecological Studies of Birds in
Devon,” of which the following is a summary prepared by
him :—

The Devon Bird-watching and Preservation Society, which
was started in 1928, has made one of its chief aims the study
of the local distribution of birds. In the spring of 1929,
a census of Buzzards was taken in ten different areas in the
county, and although the total area of 370 sq. miles investi-
gated is only one-seventh of the whole county, certain useful
results were obtained. Devon is particularly well suited to
ecological investigations of this kind, because the different
types of country are few in number and clearly distinguished,
each with a characteristic fauna. Lying like islands are the
undulating moorland areas of Dartmoor, Bodmin Moor in
Cornwall, and Exmoor, essentially similar in their barrenness,
absence of trees, and precipices. There are about 200 sq. miles
in Dartmoor lying above 1000 ft. Each moorland area is
surrounded by a narrow broken fringe of oak forest, most
clearly developed on the steep sides of the river valleys,
where they leave the moor and often extended almost to the
sea by plantations. This constitutes the second main division
of habitats. The third is the agricultural zone which lies
between the forest and the sea, occupying the greater part
of the county and broken into ridges and low hills by the
river valleys. The fourth is the coast, rock-bound through-
out most of its length and indented by numerous estuaries.

The Buzzard was found to be very numerous on the coast,
nesting invariably in cliffs. Between Plymouth Sound and
The Start, a distance of 32 miles, there were twenty-two
pairs, and on the north coast between the Cornish boundary
and Westward He! (46 miles) there were about twenty-five
pairs. In places the nests were less than a mile apart,
though no case was found of two within halfa mile. East
of The Start the Buzzard is found as far as Berry Head,
near Brixham, but not farther along the coast, where the
Devenian rocks are replaced by Permian and Triassic sand-
stones. It would thus appear that the nature of the rocks igs

Vol. 1.] 66

a direct limiting factor in the distribution of the Buzzard.
Both the Raven and Peregrine, however, are found on the
Permian as well as on the Devonian cliffs, so that they are
not influenced by this factor to the same extent.

Inland, the Buzzard is most numerous in the forest zone,
being almost absent from agricultural areas between the
rivers. In the Tamar valley and upper Torridge watershed
it reaches a density of one pair to about 3 sq. miles. It is
absent from the moor and from the neighbourhood of towns
such as Plymopth, Torquay (none in 38 sq. miles), and
Exeter. It never nests in cliffs inland, although the Raven
finds a number of suitable places. An estimate has been
made of the total population of the county, which probably
lies between 900 and 1200 birds, or about 450 breeding pairs.
No other bird of prey is so frequently seen as the Buzzard.
The inland distribution appears‘to depend on the presence of
steep slopes which provide wind-currents, and on the abun-
dance of rabbits, which are its chief food in Devon.

An account of the distribution of starling-roosts in Devon
and East Cornwall, which has also been investigated, has
been published elsewhere (‘ British Birds,’ vol. xxiii., Nov.—
Dec. 1929, p. 137.

During the ‘ British Birds’ census of heronries in 1929,
information was obtained of the faetors influencing the
distribution of this species in Devon. On the north and
south coasts of Devon and Cornwall there are fifteen or
sixteen estuaries, and on all but two there is a heronry.
These two are the Teign and Plym, which belongs to the
Lynher-Tamar estuary system, on which there are already
two heronries. Nearly 70 per cent. of the heron population
is found in these estuarine colonies, which are, however,
usually small, averaging 11-12 nests. This may be due to
the disconnected nature of the feeding-grounds, the estuaries
themselves. Principally on the mud-banks in the upper
reaches an abundance of food is to be found. These banks
are exposed by the tide for nine hours at a time and covered
for only four in some cases, and consequently the heronry is
almost invariably situated in the upper half of the estuary.

67 Vor 4.

A second class of heronries is found on the fringes of the
moor near the 1000 ft. contour. Here there are numerous
streams providing trout and eels, and pools where frogs
abound. Lumps of frog-spawn form part of the diet of the
young birds. There are four heronries of this type. Lastly,
there are three heronries which do not conform to these
types, all situated in country rather different from the rest
of the county. The largest is at Killerton on the Culm,
another is on the Upper Torridge, and the third on the
Otter in East Devon.

As in the case of the Buzzard, the food-supply is a factor
of great importance in regulating the distribuiion of
heronries. In this case it appears to predominate over
other factors. The size of the estuarine heronries does not
appear to be correlated closely with the extent of the mud-
flats.

On the conclusion of the paper, the Chairman thanked
Mr. Edwards for his interesting and instructive remarks,
which had been much appreciated by all present.

Lord RotuscuiLp exhibited five slides of the birds and
one of eleven unfertile egos of his Sarus Cranes, Grus antigone
Linn., at Tring, and made the following remarks :—

The female Crane was presented to my late brother by
Lord Newton in 1915, and had been in England several
years, so her age must be at least twenty years. The male
I purchased in 1924, when about 18-20 months old, and
they began to pair in 1925. The nest was begun on
17 July, the first egg laid on 20 July, the second on
22 July. The female at once began to incubate, and the
eggs, which were taken away on 8 Sept., proved unfertile.
A second clutch of two was completed on 27 Sept., but
were also unfertile. The same happened in 1926, both
clutches being again unfertile, and it was evident the
male was not yet adult. In 1927 several eges were laid,
but were mostly eaten by the hen bird, except the last two,
which were incubated, but proved as before to be unfertile.
In 1928 a number of eggs were again produced and several

Vol. 1.] 68

eaten ; but the last twe were incubated, and one shuwed
signs of fertility when taken away after six weeks.

In 1929 a small nest was made and an egg laid on 2 July,
which the male at once devoured ; the second egg was laid
on 5 July, which was also eaten by the male bird.

On 10 July the nest was much enlarged, and on the 12th
an egg was laid, which was not destroyed ; and two days
later a second was deposited. On 15 July the hen began to
sit, and continued to sit alternately with the male, the latter
becoming very savage.

On 19 August the first young one was hatched, and the
second on the 20th. On the 21st both young bids left the
nest and walked about the enclosure, and on 29 August
were observed for the first time to pick up insects and
worms for themselves. By 30 November they were full-
feathered, and on 19 December started to fly. Between
30 January and 24 February the first plumage began to be
moulted, and new feathers are still growing.

The only record I can find of the breeding and rearing of
the Sarus Crane in captivity is that of the Moghul Emperor
Jehangir (1605-1627 a.p.) (see Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist.
Soc. vol. xxxii. pp. 57-60, 1927). Several times in the last
20-40 years young Sarus Cranes have been hatched, but
not reared, and no published record exists so far as I am
aware.

The Marquess of Tavistock remarked that Sarus Cranes
had bred at least once at Woburn, but no record had been

published of the fact.

Lord Roruscuiip further exhibited the three races of
Turdus philomelos, and made the following remarks :—

The idea of exhibiting the three races of our Song-Thrush
was started by the reception at Tring ofa very characteristic
skin of the nominotypical Turdus philomelos philomelos,
collected by Dr. Stein at Franfort on the Oder. Turdus
philomelos philomelos Brehm is characterised by its grey-
brown upper surface and very white under surface, only
slightly washed with creamy buff on the throat and upper
breast; the black spots are small, and the lower flanks

69 [ Vol. I.

almost white, only streaked sparsely with olive. The
nominotypical form inhabits most of the continent of
Europe as a breeding bird ; its breeding range extending to
the Caucasus and Lake Baikal.

Turdus philomelos clarkei Hart. is the British form of the
Song-Thrush, and has a rufous-brown upper surface with
only the abdomen creamy white, the throat, chest, and
flanks bright buff, the latter more heavily streaked with
olive ; the black spots are larger. The breeding race of the
mainland of Great Britain and Ireland, but 7. ph. philomelos
occurs sparingly on migration.

Turdus philomelos hebridensis Hagle Clarke is the darkest
and most striking race, it has the upper surface mummy-
brown, the abdomen white, throat and upper breast paler
buff ; flanks paler olive streaked with darker olive ; black
spots much larger and more extended.

T. ph, hebridensis breeds on the Outer Hebrides. (Type
from Island of Barra.)

Messrs. F’. N. CHAsen and C. Bopen Kioss communicated
the following :—

The generic name Nitidula Jerdon & Blyth, 1861, with
type Nitidula campbell of the same authors (= Nemura
hodgsoni Moore) is preoccupied by Nitidula Fabr., 1775
(Coleoptera, fide Agassiz). No later name is available, so
the genus may be known as

Briania, nom. nov.

The genus is at present monotypic, and its forms are :—

BRIANIA HODGSONI HODGSONI (Moore).
Nepal to Assam, above 3000 feet.

BRIANIA HODGSONI SONDAICA (Rob. & Kloss).

Mountains of Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and Borneo.

Mr. C. Bovren Ktoss sent the following communi-
cation :—

In vol. i. of the ‘Fauna of British India, Birds’
(1926, p. 370), Mr. Stuart Baker has applied to the most

Vol. 1.] 70

north-western representatives of the Ruby-cheek, Chalco-
paria singalensis (Gm.), which he considers to be distinct
from the rest of the species, the name Certhia lepida Latham
(Ind. Orn. i. 1790, p. 298). Certhia lepida is based by
Latham on “Le Grimpereau de Malacca” of Sonnerat
(Voy. Ind. ii. 1782, p. 209, pl. 116, fig. 1), which, however,
is not a Ruby-cheek, but the Sun-bird Certhia malaccensis
Scop. (1786, ex Sonn.: Malacca) as stated by Shelley
(1876-1889), Gadow (1884), and others. ©

No name appears to be available for the north-western
Ruby-cheek defined by Mr. Baker, with type-locality

Cachar, so it may be known as
Chalcoparia singalensis assamensis, subsp. nov.

The birds referred by Baker to the typical form (type-
locality Malacca) should probably be known as C. s. inter-
posita Rob. & K1. (type-locality, Peninsular Siam, lat. 9° N.).
C. s. koratensis K\]. (Eastern Siam and French Indo-China)

does not appear to extend west of the Menam River.

Mr. Hucu WnuistLer forwarded the following descrip-
tions of hitherto undescribed races :—

(1) Cyornis tricolor notatus, subsp. nov.

Differs from the typical form as follows:—,, the
underparts are a much purer grey and white, as compared
with the warm olive and fulvous tints of the corresponding |
parts. @, the upper parts are a paler and clearer, less
saturated, colour, both as regards the olive-brown of the
body-plumage and the rufous of the tail. The lower parts
are much whiter, especially on the chin, throat, and central
abdomen, owing to the paler and less extensive olive wash
of the sides.

Type in British Museum. §. Gund, Kashmir, 26 May,
1896 (J. Davidson Coll. No. 320). Reg. No. 1925.
12.23.3836.

71 [Vol. I.

Distribution. Western Himalayas from Kumaon to |
Kashmir, and probably still farther west, as Whitehead
obtained a specimen in winter at Kohat.

Observation. There is a very regular gradation between
Cyornis tricolor notatus and C. t. cerviniventris Sharpe
(Remta, Manipur). The typical form (Nepal) is, strictly
speaking, an intermediate between these two, and birds
from Nepal and Sikkim are, therefore, somewhat variable,
individuals inclining sometimes to notatus, and sometimes
to verviniventris. Mr. N. B. Kinnear hinted at the necessity
of recognizing this new race in ‘The I[bis,’ 1922, p. 505,
and in working out my series from the N.W. Himalayas
I came independently to the same conclusion.

(2) Acrocephalus concinens hokre, subsp. nov.

In ‘The Ibis,’ 1928, pp. 449-453, in noting on the
Asiatic members of the genus Acrocephalus, | came to the
conclusion, with some reluctance, that the small Reed-
Warblers of Kashmir must be attributed to A. ¢. haringtoni
Witherby (Kaghan valley). Almost immediately after
writing that note I had the unexpected pleasure of joining
Admiral Lynes’s expedition to Kashmir, and was able to
procure a good series of the Kashmir bird. With this extra
material before me | am compelled to reverse my previous
opinion, and differentiate the Kashmir bird as follows :—

Acrocephalus concinens hokre differs from A. c. concinens
(Swinhoe) (Pekin) in having the upper surface olive-brown,
as compared with the earth-brown tint of the latter. The
fulvous wash on the lower plumage is more marked and
more generally distributed. 1n the typical form it is paler,
and tends to concentrate on the lower abdomen.

13 g. Bill from skull 14°5-15°5, wing 54-35-60, tail 56-
60 mm. :

14 ¢. Bill from skull 14°5-15°5 (once 16), wing 55-585,
tail 55-60 mm.

That is to say, it isa slightly larger bird with a smaller
bill than the typical race :—

9 g, bill 15-16°5, wing 54-56°9 ; 3 2, wing 54°5 mm.

b

é)16/1 y.

Vol. 1.] 7 > “aD

A. ¢. stevensi Stuart Baker (Lakhimpur, N. Assam) is at
once distinguished from both these races by the darker
brown of the upper parts, and the browner and darker wash
on the flanks. Size as in A.-e. concinens, but with a smaller
beak. } :

A.c haringtoni differs from the above three races in being
more rufous in tint, this being particularly marked on the
under surface, where the rufous wash on the flanks is very
warm and extensive. Size as in A. ¢. hokre.

A. ¢. concinens, stevensi, and hokrw all breed in swamps.
A. ec. haringtoni nests in undergrowth on hillsides far from
water.

Type. ? in British Museum. 10 August, 1928. Hokra
jheel, 5000 feet, Kashmir. (H. Whistler Coll. No. 7694.)
Reg. No. 1930.4¢6-->

Distribution. So far as is known, confined asa breeding
bird to the swamps of the Vale of Kashmire, 5000 feet.
Winter-quarters unknown.

NOTICES.

The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday,
May 14, 1930, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great
Portland Street, W.1. The Dinner at 7 p.m.

Members intending to dine are requested to inform the
Hon. Secretary, C. W. Mackworth-Praed, 51 Onslow Gardens,
London, S.W..7. .

Members who intend to make any communication at the
next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice before-
nand to the Editor, Mr. N. B. Kinnear, at the Natural History
Museum, South Kensington, S.W.7, and to give him their
MSS. for publication in. the.‘ Bulletin,’ not later than at- the
Meeting. | : |

Soo BULLETIN

~~ OF THE

BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB.

AAS i i A k JE "

< >
hag wo BN No. CCCALII.
area's |) *
4 ea rl
NOP. <Q

met LES Fe ‘

THE three-hundred-and-thirty-seventh Meeting of the Club
was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland
Street, W.1, on Wednesday, May 14, 1930.

Charman: Dr, P. R. Lows.

Members present :—D. A. Bannerman; F. J. EF. Barrrne-
ton ; G. Brown; P. R.E. Brownz; A. L. Butter; H. P.
Q. Cueave ; Lt.-Col. A. Derui-Rapcuimre ; Capt. F. W.
Dewnourst; Major 8. 8. Frower; K. Fisuer; Lt.-Col.
A.E. Hamerton; Dr. J. M. Harrison; R. E. Heara ; Dr. EB.
Hopkinson; N. B. Kinnear (Editor) ; C. W. Mackworru-
Prarp (Hon. Sec. § Treas.); G. M. Maruews; T. H.
Newman; F.R. Rapcourre; ©. B. Rickerr; P. R. Fourxss
Rozerts; Lord RoruscHitp ; Marquess oF TAVISTOCK ;
B. W. Tucker; D. Sera-Smirn ; W. L. Scuarer ; Major
A.G. L. Stapen ; H. Stevens; Capt. A. Urnquuart; H. M.
Watuis; C. p—E Worms; H. F. Witnersy; C. R. Woop.

Guests :—Miss Detmé-Ravo.irre, Capt. H. S. Frower ;
EK. M. Nichotson; Bernaarp Rencw; Frau F. Rencu :
H.S. Swarty; R. C. F. Wiruersy.

[June 4th, 1930. | VOL. L.

Vol. 1.] 74

Lord Roruscuiyp delivered a personal message from
Dr. Hartert to the Members of the B.O.C., and said how
deeply Dr. Hartert regretted that illness prevented his
attending in person. He had looked forward to this last
opportunity of taking farewell of his friends before leaving
England. He sent his greetings to all.

The Chairman remarked on the regularity with which
Dr. Hartert had attended the meetings since the commence-
ment, and how much he would be missed by everyone.

Mr. H. M. Wallis proposed, and Major Flower seconded,
that the Secretary should send a letter to Dr. Hartert on
behalf of the Club expressing their regret at his departure
from England.

Lord Roruscuitp, F.R.S., exhibited the hitherto un-
described eggs of the Tristan da Cunha Thrush and Diving
Petrel (Nesocichla eremita Gould and Pelecanoides urinatrix
dacunhe Nicoll), and made the following remarks :—

The Nesocichla eggs are typical Turdine eggs, and, except
that they are longer and narrower, might easily be mistaken
for heavily-spotted Blackbirds’ eggs.

The Pelecanoides eggs are typical Petrels’ eggs in colour
and shell-texture, but are rather rounder than most Petrels’
eggs.

The birds are exhibited with the eggs.

The Thrush is from Inaccessible Island, and therefore
represents the subspecies gordoni Stenhouse ; I am, however,
not yet certain whether this race is really distinct.

The Diving Petrel is from Nightingale Island and is one
of three specimens at Tring, and two out of six eggs are
exhibited.

Mr. H. F. Wiruersy read a paper on an ornithological
expedition made by him in company with his wife and
Sefior Gil Lletget in Eastern Spain in May and June 1929.
The paper was illustrated with photographs of the types of
country visited (taken by Mrs. Witherby), postcards and
maps in colours, plates in books, and skins, which were all
reflected in their natural colours on to a screen by means

75 [ Velo.

of Messrs. Newton’s Hpidiascope. By this method not only .
were structural characters clearly shown, such as the differ-
ence in size and shape of the bills of Emberiza scheniclus and
HH, tschusu, and in the wings of Calandrella brachydactyla
and C. rufescens, but colours came out truly, and even the
different shades of brown and grey in a series of Sky-Larks
(Alauda arvensis) were successfully shown.

The following is a résumé of Mr. Witherby’s remarks:—

The Delta of the Ebro was first visited, but only a small
portion was explored. The marshes, reed-beds, and lagoons
here were found very interesting but wearisome to reach from
Tortosa owing to the large expanse of country under rice
cultivation. The most interesting birds here were as
follows :—A colony of the Andalusian Short-toed Lark
(Calandrella r. apetzii), hitherto chiefly known from the
Marismas of the Guadalquivir, but recorded by Brehm from
Murcia, though even this was 200 miles south of the mouth
of the Ebro. A female obtained on 15 May was shown on
the screen. ‘This bird had a yoked egg in the oviduct, and
a number of birds were observed singing and evidently
breeding on rough ground near the coast. A Thick-billed
Reed-Bunting, which had proved by comparison with speci-
mens lent by Dr. von Jordans to be the same as Hmberiza
tschusit witherbyt from Majorca, was fairly common in and
about the reed-beds. A Thick-billed Reed-Bunting had
been reported from Valencia many years ago, but no speci-
mens had been available for examination. This was the
most westerly point in Europe where the species was found.
Males were singing and most females probably incubating,
but one was seen building on 17 May. The Moustached
Warbler (Lusciniola m. melanopogon) was heard singing and
seen, and was found more plentifully later in the Valencia,
Albufera. A pair of Marbled Duck (Anas angustirostris)
was identified. A number of commoner species was seen,
amongst which Mr. Witherby mentioned Cisticola, Blue-headed
Wagtail (Motacilla f. iberiw), Great and Common Reed-
Warblers (numerous and breeding), Marsh and Montagu’s
Harriers (common), Stilt, Redshank, and Kentish Plover

Vol. 1.] 76

(common), Purple Heron, Black, Little, and Gull-billed
Terns, and Common Coot, besides many migrants such as
Common Redstart, Pied Flycatcher, Willow-Warbler,
Turnstone, Little Stint, and Sanderling.

In some public gardens in the town of Tortosa a con-
siderable breeding-colony of the Tree-Sparrow (Passer
montanus) was noted, this being a very local breeding-bird
in Spain.

The Valencia, Albufera, a large shallow lagoon with seven
reed-islands of varying size, was next visited. This was
thoroughly explored by permission of the Mayor of Valencia.
On a strip of land dividing the Albufera from the sea, and
called La Dehesa, large colonies of House-Sparrows nesting
in pine-trees were a noticeable feature. In the rice-fields
surrounding the Albufera few birds were noticed (Cisticola
j. cisticola and Motaeilla f. iberie on the dividing banks),
but in the reed- and sedge-grown islands in the Albufera
itself interesting species were found. Lusciniola m. melano-
pogon, ag mentioned above, was breeding in some numbers
most plentifully on an island with much thick sedge. This
and the Ebro Delta were so far the only places it was known
to breed in Spain. A good many Savi’s Warblers (Locus-
tella 1. luscintoides) were seen on one island, which was
very thiek with sedge and high reeds. Males perched on
high reeds were reeling continuously, the bird, with its
mouth wide open, being seen long before any sound could be
heard, which required a nearer approach. Bearded Tits
(Panurus b. biarmicus) were constantly seen and heard, and
Great and Common Reed-Warblers were common and
nesting. Little Bitterns were nesting plentifully, Purple
Herons were fairly common, and some Little Egrets and a
few Buff-backed Herons were seen, but the keepers stated
that these did not nest. A pair of Marbled Duck (Anas
angustirostris) appeared to be very anxious, and may have
had a nest, while several parties of male MRed-crested
Pochards (Netta rufina) were seen, and one female with a
brood of recently-hatched young (25 May), the latter
breeding in Spain only here and at Daimiel so far as is

ti [Volyl.

known. The Marbled Duck, though plentiful in the extreme
south of Spain, was not known to breed elsewhere in Europe:
and it would be interesting to get proof of breeding at
Valencia or the Delta of the Ebro, where pairs were seen.

One nest, with three eggs, of a Black Tern (Chiedonias n.
niger) was found, but the keeper stated that these and Stilts
bred later when the water went down and exposed large
areas of mud.

From Valencia a journey inland was made, and the country
round Cuenca was explored. Here were many valleys
flanked by long ranges of cliffs, often castellated in form,
usually overhung, and everywhere pitted with holes of all
sizes. In parts, such as round Una (about 3500 feet), where
a stay was made, large pine forests covered the ground
above the cliffs ; in others the hills were thinly covered with
scrub. In the valleys among other birds breeding were
Bonelli’s and the Garden-Warblers, Common Whitethroats,
Redbreasts of the typical form (Hrithacus r. rubecula), Tits
(Parus m. major, P. ¢. ceruleus, P. ater cabrere, P. c¢.
mitratus), and Long-tailed Tits which appeared to be . c.
taitt, but unfortunately only juveniles were obtained,
Creepers (Certhia b. ultramontana), and Nuthatches (Sttta a.
hispanica). An interesting assemblage of birds was nesting
in the eliffs. Choughs (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) were very
numerous, and Jackdaws about equally so. The Jackdaw
was a very local breeding-bird in Spain, and it was interesting
to find here and further north, round Alhama, large numbers
breeding over a wider area. Specimens obtained were like
C. m. spermologus. Other birds breeding in the cliffs were
Blue Rock-Thrush, Black Redstart (very common), Black
Wheatear, House- and Crag-Martins, Common and Alpine
Swifts, and Kestrel. A Peregrine Falcon was seen on
several occasions, but the eyrie was not located and the sub-
species not determined. Neophrons were feeding young
(beginning of June), which could be seen, as the nesting-
holes had large openings. It was noted in a case of a single
young one that the parent or parents returned twice within
half an hour to feed it.

Vol. 1.] 78

In the pine-forest Citrils (Carduelis ce. citrinella) were
fairly common, and parties of voung were flying. Firecrests
were often seen and a good many OCrossbills (Lowia curvi-
rostra) were found and old and young were collected. The
young were some two or three months old, but no actual
proof of nesting was obtained. A pair of Hobbies (Falco
subbateo) was seen on 5 June. Several pairs of Common
Redstarts were found in more open country, and birds
obtained proved to be of the typical form (Phenicurus ph.
pheneurus). On 7 June a nest with recently hatched young
was found in a small hole in a rock, and the parent Common
Redstarts were watched feeding them.

The next place visited was the Monastery de Piedra, near
Alhama de Aragon (in south-west of Province Zaragoza).
The monastery, now a hotel, was delightfully situated in a
heavily-wooded garden, with numerous waterfalls leading
down into a deep gorge. In this country the hills were
partly cultivated and partly thinly covered with scrub, and
were intersected by numerous narrow gorge-like valleys
flanked by cliffs. The birds breeding in the cliffs were much
the same as in the region of Cuenca, with the addition of
some large colonies of Rock-Sparrows (Petronia p. petronia),
a pair of which were also feeding young in a slit in the
masonry of the monastery walls. Ravens were feeding
well-feathered young in several nests in the cliffs (11 June).
Among birds in the valley were Wrens, specimens of which
proved to be Troglodytes t. kabylorum ; Cetti’s Warblers were
common, and a Dipper was seen but not obtained. Reed-
Warblers (Acrocephalus s. scirpaceus) were fairly common,
and a nest had four somewhat incubated eggs on 11 June.

On the hills Spectacled Warblers (Sylua c. conspicillata)
were common and were feeding young. The Larks here
were, however, of the greatest interest. A few Calandras
were seen, Short-toed Larks (Calandrella b. brachydactyla)
were common, as were Crested Larks, all seen and obtained
being Galerida th. theckle, while a number of Sky-Larks

were also breeding. This was at an altitude of only about

2500 it.

79 (Vol. 1.

Sky-Larks bred in isolated colonies in the Spanish
Peninsula and showed interesting differences. A series
obtained on these hills.at Piedra exactly matched two birds
from Pamplona collected by Mr. Whistler and Dr. C. B.
Ticehurst ; they were very slightly browner than birds from
the Sierras Guadarrama and Gredos and from the Pyrenees.
Although these differences were noticeable and very interest-
ing, they were, in Mr. Witherby’s opinion, too slight to
warrant separation by naming, and at present he preferred to
eall all the Sky-Larks breeding from the central mountains
to the Pyrenees Alauda a. cantarella. With regard to the
Crested Larks, Mr. Witherby remarked that those at Piedra
were farther north than any previous record for Galerida
theckle so far as he knew.

Mr. HE. C. Sruarr Baker forwarded the following
communication :——

In the last issue of the ‘ Bulletin’ Mr. Boden Kloss
proposes a new name, Briania, for Nitidula Blyth, which is
preoccupied by Nitidula Fabricius, Syst. Entw. p. 77,
1775. ‘There is, however, a name already available, Musci-
capella Bianchi, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb.
vol. xl. pp. 14, 43, July 1907; new name for Nitidula
Blyth.

Chaleoparia singalensis anamensis. I have already named
this race Chalcoparia singalensis rubinigentis, Fauna of India,
Birds, vol. vii. p. 282, March 1930. I here, also, point
out the mistake made by me in regard to Certhia lepida

Sparrman.
Acrocephalus concinens hokre. I fear that for this bird

also there is a Russian name available, kaschmeriensis of
Sushkin, but reference to Russia for the publication is
necessary before this can be decided. On the British
Museum material I could not separate the Kashmir bird
from typical concinens, but | am not surprised that the fine
material at Mr. Whistler’s disposal has enabled him to
do so.

Vol. 1.] SO
NOTICES.

The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday,
June 11, 1930, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great
Portland Street, W.1. The Dinner at 7 p.m.

Members intending to dine are requested to inform the
Hon. Secretary, C. W. Mackworth-Praed, 51 Onslow Gardens,
London, S.W. 7.

Members who intend to make any communication at the
next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice before-
hand to the Editor, Mr. N. B. Kinnear, at the Natural History
Museum, South Kensington, §8.W. 7, and to give him their
MSS. for publication in the ‘ Bulletin,’ not later than at the

Meeting.

BULLETIN

OF THE

Cap? Ree No. CCCXLIII.

Tus three-hundred-and-thirty-eighth Meeting of the Club
was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland
Street, W.1, on Wednesday, June 11, 1930.

Chairman: Dr. P. R. Lowe.

Members present :—Miss C. M. Actanp; H. C. Sruarr
Baker; W. SHore Batwey; D. A. Bannerman; F. J. F.
Barrineron ; Hon. G. L. Coarreris; H. P. O. CLEAVE ;
Miss J. M. Frerrizr; Major 8. 8. Flower; Col. A. E.
Hamerton; R. BH. Heats ; Dr. KE. Hopxiyson; Rev. F. C. R.
JourDAIN; N. B. Kinnear (/ditor) ; Dr. G. CARMICHAEL
Low; N. 8. Lucas; C. W. Mackwortu-PraEp (Hon. See.
& Treas.); Dr. P. Manson Baur; C. B. Ricxurr; Lord
RoruscHitp ; W. L. Scirater; Lord Scone; D. Sxurs-
Smita; Major M. H. Smonps; Major A. G. L. SLADEN ;
A. LanpsporoucH THomson; W. H. Torre; Dr. C. B.
fiomnurst: | Bo W. Tuexir ;)' H: «Waistppry He iF:
Witaersy ; C. R. Woop; C. J. M. p—E Worms.

Guests present :—Col. F. M. Battny; J. H. Fiemine ;
Mrs. Frowrer; Miss L. S. Frowsr; Capt. H. 8. Flower ;
Dr. C. E. Hetumayr; Dr. Ernst Mayr; H., 8. Swarts ;
Dr. ALEXANDER WETMORE.

[July 14th, 1980. ] a VOL. L.

Vol. 1.] 82

Dr. Ernst Mayr gave an interesting account of his
travels in New Guinea during the last few years, and
described the habits of several of the more noteworthy birds
he met with.

Dr. ALEXANDER WeErmoRrg, who has made a special study
of the birds of Haiti, briefly mentioned some of his more
interesting discoveries in that West Indian island.

The CHairMan, at the conclusion of these short addresses,
said that the members of the Club were much indebted to
both gentlemen for their interesting accounts, more
especially as both speakers had been called upon to give an
impromptu talk.

Mr. C. Bopen Kuoss sent the following note on the
proper name of the Malayan Fairy Bluebird :—

In the first volume of his ‘ Birds of the Malay Peninsula,’
the late Mr. H. C. Robinson listed the Malayan Fairy Blue-
bird as Irena puella cyanea, but stated that, for technical
reasons, that name would shortly be changed. This was
because he had noted that Muscicapa cyanea Begbie (‘The
Malayan Peninsula,’ 1834, p. 517) was preoccupied by
Muscicapa cyanea P. L. 8S. Miiller (Syst. Nat. Suppl. 1776,
p. 170 =Platystira cyanea, Cat. Birds B.M. iv. p. 145).

The next name to be given to Malayan birds (s.s.) is
Irena malayensis Moore (Cat. Birds H.-I. Co. Mus. 1. 1854,
p- 274). Itis true it covered specimens from Java, Sumatra,
and Malacca, but Walden practically indicated the last place
as the type-locality by stating “ I. cyanea (Begbie), Malayan
Peninsula, 1834)=J. malayensts Moore” (Ann. & Mag. Nat.
Hist. (4) v. 1870, p. 416). To prevent further question as to
the meaning of ‘“ Malayan,” as used by Moore in his descrip-
tion, | now select Malacca as terra typica of [rena malayensis.

This is the best course: had we attached malayensis to
Javan or Sumatran birds, we should not only have required
a new name for the Malayan race, but we should have had

83 [Vol. 1.

to discard one or other of the well-known names turcosa
Walden or crinigera Sharpe; whereas, by retaining these,
malayensis rests on Malayan birds by elimination. It is
particularly undesirable to drop the first, as J. turcosa
Walden is the type of the genus Jrena (vide Robinson and
Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, v. 1924, p. 264).

Dr. OC. B. Ticeaurst exhibited an adult of the western
Mediterranean Shearwater (Pujfinus pufinus mauretanicus)
and its chick in down, and made the following remarks :—

The breeding-places of this Shearwater were known to be
in the Balearic Isles, since Dr. von Jardaus had obtained
birds there in the summer, and received a chick from a
fisherman. Mr. Whistler and myself found it to be very
common in the Pityuse group this spring, and located several
colonies there. The sites were much alike—in the jumble
of huge boulders constituting cliff-falls at the base of sea-
cliffs. In the middle of May chicks and adults were found,
but most of the holes appeared to be then untenanted ;
possibly many chicks were beyond reach or even by that
date had flown, as a flock of fully 100 birds were seen at sea.
The larger size and more dusky markings on the underparts
compared with yelkouan were demonstrated.

Chick in down. Upperparts dark sooty grey, underparts
paler grey, whitish grey on chin and centre of breast. The
chick of Puffinus p. puffinus is altogether a paler bird, while
that of Puffinus assimilis barol from the Canaries is decidedly
a browner grey.

Mr. WirnHersy called attention to the fact that he had
personally examined almost every example of this Petre]
which had been recorded as P. p. yelkouan from the British
Isles. Practically every one turned out to be P. p. maure-
tanicus (cf. ‘ British Birds,’ vol. xv. p. 151). He also stated
that he was inclined to think that P. mauretanicus would
eventually prove to be a separate species.

The CHarrman said he thought Mr. Witherby was right,
and that he had himself always been in doubt as to the

Vol. 1.] 84

position of P. mauretanicus as a subspecie of P. p. pufinus.
He thought that, in considering the question of its specific
rank, it was necessary to bear in mind that not so very long
ago, geologically speaking, the Mediterranean consisted of
two land-locked inland seas, a western and an eastern,
divided by a causeway whose remains were now represented
by Italy, Sicily, Malta, Corsica, and Sardinia. It seems
possible that P. mauretanicus had originated in the western
basin.

Dr. G. B. Trcenurst forwarded the following communi-
cation :—

Thanks to the activities of Mr. J. K. Stanford, I.C.S., and
Mr. Villar (Forestry Department), and their skinner
Mr. Henricks, a small collection from the Arakan Yomas has
been formed. Some of these are of great importance, as they
are topotypes of birds described by Blyth many years ago
and of which few, if any, specimens are in existence. In
working at this collection I have so far been able to clear up
a few points.

(1) ALCIPPE POIOICEPHALA PHAYREI Blyth (Arakan).

A series of this Alcippe shows clearly that the race in-
habiting Assam is not phayrei. This latter differs in having
much more rufous upperparts, especially on the lower part of
the back and upper tail-coverts ; a more deep rufous edging
to the wing ; the underparts have a brighter rufous wash.
These must stand as

ALCIPPE POIOICEPHALA Fusca Godwin-Austen (J. A.S. B.
xiv. 1876,:px29F).° Nagatiills,
- Type examined in British Museum 95. 1. 14.2103.
Distribution.—Assam and Manipur.

ALCIPPE P. PHAYREI Arakan (Taungup—Prome Road),
Mt. Victoria, Upper and Lower Chindwin.

(2) The race of Alcippe nepalensis inhabiting the Arakan
Yoma is also distinct, fur which I propose the name

Alcippe nepalensis stanfordi, subsp. nov.

io)
Cr

[ Vol. I.

Differs from Alcippe n. nepalensis in having the back and
exposed parts of wing and edges of tail a grey olive-brown
almost with a greenish tinge instead of olive-brown ; the
cheeks and crown a trifle paler ; underparts paler altogether.
Size as in nepalensis.

Type 3. Taungup-Prome Cart Road. Arakan Yoma,
2900 ft., 20 March, 1930.

Five specimens from Arakan and one from Mt. Victoria
examined. Large series of nepalensis and fraterculus.
Variation nil.

Distribution._-From Mt. Victcria southward through the
Arakan Yoma.

Note.—This race differs from the typical race in much the
same way as A. p. phayrei differs from A. p. fusca. From
A. n. fraterculus it is even more widely different.

(3) The White-gorgeted Flycatcher from Arakan is
evidently very distinct, though only one specimen is available.
It is nearer leucops, with the white eye-brows, from Assam,
than to the typical form with rufous superciliaries. It differs
from leucops in the same manner as the two races of Alcippe
species do—that is to say, the upperparts and wing-edges are
much paler olive-brown, cheeks and ear-coverts paler grey,
paler on the breast and flanks. Fortunately, Blyth has
saved me the risk of describing a new race from a single
specimen, as he has already named it

ANTHIPES GULARIS Blyth (J. A.S. B. xvi. pp. 122-184,
Arakan),
and go the Arakan race will stand as

ANTHIPES MONILEGER GULARIS Blyth.

Errata.

Page 79, for Chalcoparia singalensis anamensis read
Chaleoparia singalensis assamensis.

Vol. 1.] 86

NOTICES.

The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday,
October 8, 1930, at PAGANI’S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great
Portland Street, W.1. The Dinner at 7 p.m.

Members intending to dine are requested to inform the
Hon. Secretary, C. W. Mackworth-Praed, 51 Onslow Gardens,
London, S.W. 7.

Annual General Meeting.
This will also be held at Pagani’s Restaurant on Wednesday,
October 8th, 1930, at 5.45 pm. An Agenda and Balance Sheet
will be issued in September.

Members who intend to make any communication at the
next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice before-
hand to the Editor, Mr. N. B. Kinnear, at the Natural History
Museum, South Kensington, S.W. 7, and to give him their
MSS. for publication in the ‘ Bulletin,’ not later than at the

Meeting.

INDEX,

[Names of new species and subspecies are indicated by clarendon type
under the generic entry only. |

Abrornis albogularis fulvifacies, 51.
Acanthiza, 2U.

Acrocephalus concinens haringtoni, 72.
hokre, subsp. nov., 71,

qo:

—— —— stevensi, 72.

kaschmeriensis, 79.

Ss. scirpaceus, 78.

acuninatus juva, Limnocinclus, 42.

Atgialitis gigas, 9.

Aigithalos e. taiti, 77.

Alauda arvensis, 75.

a. cantarella, 79.

albicollis, Rhipidura, 51.

albogularis ful vifacies, Abrornis, 51.

Alcippe nepalensis stanfordi,
subsp. nov., 84.

poioicephala fusca, 84.

phayrei, 84.

alexandre, Spathopterus < erythro-
pterus, Ptistes, 40.

Alisterus cyanopygius, 41,

—— suluensis X Ptistes erythropterus,
40.

Alseonax minimus okuensis, 34.

altijugus, Caswarius casuarius, 5.

Amblyornis flavifrons, 38.

amherstie, Chrysolophus, 53.

anestheta, Sterna, 19.

anamensis, Chalcoparia singalensis,
49), 8D

Anas angustirostris, 75, 76.

angustirostris, Anas, 75, 76.

antarctica batchelori, Catharacta, hb.

Anthipes gularis, 85.

monileger gularis, 85.

Anthus noveseelandie reischeki, 42.

Anthus noveseelandiz taupo-
ensis, subsp. nov., 42.

antigone, Grus, 67.

apetzit, Calandrella, 7d.

apoda auguste-victorie, Paradisea, 39.

Aprosmictus, 41.

insignissimus, 41.

Ardea cinerea, 66.

ardens, Xanthomelus, 38.

Argya caudata theresez, subsp.
nov., 95.

arvensis, Alauda, '75.

assamensis, Chalcoparia singalensis,
70, 85.

assimilis baroli, Puffinus, 83.

Astrapia nigra, 39.

astrapioides, Falcinellus, 38.

ater cabrere, Parus, 77.

atroflavus craterum, Laniarius, 34.

aucklandorna, Sterna striata, 19.

auguste-victorie, Paradisea apoda, 39.

aurantiacus, Casuarius unappendicu-
latus, 5.

aureus, Yarathomeliss 33.

auriceps novana, Cyanorhamphus, 42.

bakeri, Xanthomelus, 38.
barbatus grandis, Gypaétus, 17.
barbatus, Gypaétus, 18.
meridionalis, Gypaétus, 18.
baroli, Puffinus assimilis, 83.
batchelori, Catharacta antarctica, 11.
beccarti, Casuarius, 5.
bensbachi, Janthothorax, 38.
bergi, Sterna, 19,
bethunei, Sterna, 19.
biarmicus, Panurus b., 76.
bicarunculatus bicarunculatus,
arius, 5,
brach ydactyla, a” 75.

———= Gig T

Casu-

Briania, nom. nov., 69, 79.
hodgqsont hodgsoni, 69.
sondaica, 69.

Vol. 1.]

Broderipia, 61.
Broderipornis, gen. nov., 61.
Broderipus, 61.

brunneicephalus, Larus, 54.
Bubulcus ibis coromandus, 49.
Buteo buteo buteo, 65.

butleri, Ptilopachus petrosus, 34.

Cabalus, 19.

cabrere, Parus ater, 77.

ceruleus, Parus c., 77.

cafra cafra, Neotis, 59.

denhami, Neotis, 60.

jacksoni, Neotis, 60.

Calandrella brachydactyla, 75.

-—— brachydactyla, 78.

rufescens, 75.

apetzit, 75.

campbelli, Nitidula, 69.

Campethera tullbergi, 34.

wellsi, 34.

canorus, Cuculus, 51.

cantarella, Alauda a., 79.

Carduelis c. citrinella, 78.

Casuarius beccari, d.

bicarunculatus bicarunculates, 5.

— casuarius altijugus, 5.

—. casuarius, 5.

—— salvadorit, 5.

—— violicollis, 5.

unappendiculatus aurantiacus, 9.

Catharacta antarctica batche-
lori, subsp. nov., 11.

caudatus therese, Argya, 55.

Certhia b. ultramontana, 77.

lepida, 70, 79.

matlaccensis, 70.

cerviniventris Cyornis tricolor, 71.

Chalcites maculatus, 51.

Chalcoparia singalensis, 70.

anamensis, 79, 85.

—— —— assamensis, subsp. nov.,
70, 85.

interposita, TO.
koratensis, 70.
rubinigentis, 79.
Charadrius columbinus, 9.
geoffroyt, 7.
leschenaulti, 7.
mongolus, 7.

placidus, 50.
chinensis, Oriolus, 61.
Chlidonias n. niger, 77.
Chrysolophus amherstia, 53.
chrysomelus, Phasianus, 28.
Cicinnurus good fellowi, 38.
— lyogyrus, 38.

regius, 39.

Cinclus cinclus, 51.

pallasit, 51.

88

cinderella, Urolais épichiora, 34.
cinerea, Ardea, 66.
cinnamomeus, Passer, 51.
Cirrepidesmus, 9.

Cisticola 7. cisticola, 76.
citrinella, Carduelis c., 78.
clarkei, Turdus philomelos, 69.
colchichus, Phasianus, 28.

var., Phasianus, 54.

Coleus dauuricus, 52.

Columba pulchricollis, 50.
columbinus, Charadrius, 9.
concinens haringtont, Acrocephalus,

—— hokre, Acrocephalus, 71, 79.

stevensi, Acrocephalus, 72.

conspicillata, Sylvia, 78.

coromandus, Bubulcus ibis, 49.

Corvus m. spermologus, 77.

torquatus, 52.

Cracticus nigrogularis, 20.

craterum, Laniarius atroflavus, 34.

Cuculus canorus, 51.

curvirostra, Loxia, 78.

cyanea, Irena puella, 82.

-——, Muscicapa, 82.

, Platystira, 82.

cyanopygius, Alisterus, 41.

Cyanorhamphus auriceps
novana, subsp. nov., 42.

Cyornis tricolor cerviniventris, 71.

notatus, subsp. nov., 78..

Cyrtostomus frenatus valia,
nom, nov., 11.

dabbenena, Diomedea, 11.

Dacelo gigas, 19.

dacunhe, Pelecanotdes urinatrizx, 74.

dauuricus, Coleus, 52.

davidi, Parus, 50.

decaocto decaocto, Streptopelia, 10.

dejeani, Parus palustris, 50.

Dendrocopus major harterti, 18.

denhami, Neotis cafra, 60.

derbyana, Psittacula, 51,

dictator, Timelia pileata, 55.

Diomedea dabbenena,
nom. nov., Ll.

Diphyllodes guilelmi tertii, 39.

Doreenia, gen. nov., 41.

Dryobates kizuki petersi,
nom. nov., 18.

Dryocopus forresti, 51.

duivenbodet, Paradisea, 38.

-—, Parotia, 38.

ellioti, Pseudastrapia, 88.
Emberiza scheniclus, 75.
—— tschusit, 75.

—o

Soo

Emberiza tschusii witherbyi, 75.

epichiora cinderella, Urolais, 34.

eremita, Nesocichla, 74.

Erithacus r. rubecula, 77.

erythropterus, Ptistes x alexandre,
Spathopterus, 40.

—., Ptistes x sulaensis, Alisterus, 40.

Falcinellus astrapioides, 38.
fastuosus, 39,

Falco subbuteo, 78.
tinnunculus japonensis,
nom. noy., 10.

japonicus, 10.
fasciolata, Locustella, 4.

fastuosus, Falcinellus, 39.
flavifrons, Amblyornis, 38.

Jorresti, Dryocopus, 51.

frenatus valia, Cyrtostomus, 11.
Julvitacies, Abrornis albogularis, 51.
funebris, Picoides tridactylus, 51.
fusca, Alcippe poiocephata, 84.

Galerida th. theckle, 78, 79.
gelastes, Larus, 34.

Genneus horsfieldii, 28.
lineatus, 28.
nycthemerus, 28.
geoffroyt, Charadrius, 7.
Geospiza strenua, 27.

gigas, Hgialitis, 9.

, Dacelo, 19.
Glycifohia, gen. nov., 11.
gonada, nom noy., 11.
gonada, Glycifohia, 11.
goodfellowi, Cicinnurus, 38.
gordon, Nesocichla, 74.
grandis, Gypaétus barbatus, 17.

— Grus antigone, 67.

nigricollis, 49.

guilelmi tersii, Diphyllodes, 39.
gularis, Anthipes, 89.

moniliger, 85.
hainanus, Tephrodornis, 43.
—— latouchei, Tephrodornis, 43.
gunax, Puffinus therminiert, 59.
Gypattus barbatus barbatus, 18.
—— — grandis, 17.
meridionalis, 18.

hainanus, Tepnrodornis gularis, 43.
Halcyon pyrrhopygia, 19.

sancta, 19.

Haliaétus leucoryphus, 53.

haringtont. Acrocephalus concinens, 72,
harterti, Dendrocopus major, 18.

——, Yungipicus kizuki, 18.
hebridensis, Turdus philomelos, 69.

[ Vol. }.

hispanica, Sitta a., 77.

hodgsoniea, Perdia, 54.

hodgsonti, Muscicapa, 51.

hodgsont, Nemura, 69.

hodgsoni, Briania, 69.

——- sondaica, Briania, 69.

hokre, Acrocephalus concinens, 71, 79.
horsfieldi, Genneus, 28.
Huttonena, nom. nov., 19.

iberie, Motacilla f., 75, 76.

ibis coromandus, Bubulcus, 49.

icterioides, Perissospiza, 50.

intermedia, Timelia pileata, 59d.

intermedius, Parus major, 6.

interposita, Chalcoparia singalensis,
70.

Irena malayensis, 82.

puella cyanea, 82.

— turcosa, 83.

jacksoni, Neotis cafra, 60.
Janthothorax bensbachi, 38.
japonensis, Falco tinnunculus, 10.
japonicus, Falco tinnunculus, 10.
johnstoni sordidatus, Mesopicus, 34.
juva, Limnocinclus acuminatus, 42.

kabylorum, Troglodytes t., 78.
kaschmeriensis, Acrocephalus, 79.

, Parus major, 7.

kizukt harterti, Yungipicus, 18.

—— petersi, Dryobates, 18.
koratensis, Chalcoparia singalensis,

70.

Lamprothorax wilhelmine, 38.
Laniarius atroflavus craterum, 34.
Larus brunneicephalus, 54.
gelastes, 54.
-_—— nove-hollandie, 19.
lateralis norfolkensis, Zosterops, 10.
latouchei, Tephrodornis gularis, 43.
lepida, Certhia, 70,79.
leschenaulli, Charadrius, "7.
leucogaster, Sula, 19.
leucoryphus, Haliaétus, 58.
therminiert gunax, Puffinus, 55.
—-- nugaxz, Puffinus, 54.
Vhuysti, Lophophorus, 53.
Limnocinclus acuminatus
juva, nom. nov., 42.
a, rufescens, 42.
lineatus, Genneus, 28.
, Milvus, 53.
lobata, Pseudastrapia, 38.
Loborhamphus nobilis, 38.

Vor f.

Loborhamphus ptilorhis, 38.
Locustella fasciolata, 4.

-—— l. luscinioides, "76.
Lophophorus Vhuysti, 53,

Loxia cuvirostra, 78.

lusciniotdes, Locustella l., 76.
Lusciniola m, melanopogon, 75, 76.
lyogyrws, Cictnnurus, 38.

maculatus, Chalzites, 51.

major, Parus m., 77.

hartertt, Dendrocopus, 18.

intermedius, Parus, 6.

—— kaschmiriensis, Parus, 7.

—— ziaratensis, Parus, 7.

malaccensis, Certhia, 70.

malayensis, Irena, 82.

mantoui, Ptiloris, 38.

maria, Paradisea, 38.

mauretanicus, Puffinus, 83.

Megapodius reinwardt yorki, subsp.
nov., ll.

melanopogon, Lusciniola m., 75, 76.

meridionalis, Gypaétus barbatus, 18.

Mesopicus johnstoni sordidatus, 34.

Milvus lineatus, 53.

minimus okuensis, Alseonax, 34.

mitratus, Parus c., 77.

mixta, Ninox, 61.

, Paradisea, 38.

mongolus, Charadrius, 7.

moniliger gularis, Anthipes, 85.

montanus, Passer, 51, 76.

Motacilla f. iberie, 75, 76.

Muscicapa cyanea, 82.

hodgsonit, 51.

Muscicapella, 79.

Nemura hodgsont, 69.

Neoparadisea ruysi, 38.

Neotis cafra cafra, 59.

denhami, 60.

cafra jacksoni, subsp. nov.,

60.
nepalensis stanfordt, Alcippe, 84.
Nesocichla eremita, 74.
gordoni, 74.
Nestor, 41.
Netta rufina, 76.
niger, Chlidonias n., 77.
nigra, Astrapia, 39.
nigricollis, Grus, 49.
nigrogularis, Cracticus, 20.
Ninox mixta, 61.
noveseelandiz remigi-
alis, subsp. nov., 61.
n. ocellata, 61.
Nitidula, 69, 79.
campbell, 69.

90

nobilis, Loborhamphus, 38.
norfolkensis, Zosterops lateralis, 10.
notabilis, Doreenia, 41.

-, Nestor, 41.

notatus, Cyornis tricolor, 70.
nove-hollandie, Larus, 19.
noveseelandie reischeki, Anthus, 42.
— remigialis, Ninox, 61.
taupoensis, Anthus, 42.
novana, Cyanorhamphus auriceps, 42.
nugax, Puffinus therminiert, 54.
nycthemerus, Genneus, 28.

ocellata Ninox n., 61.
(Hnopopelia tranguebarica, 50.
okuensis, Alseonax minimus, 34.
Oriolus chinensis, 61.

Pagoa, 9.

pallasit, Cinclus, 51.

palustris deyeant, Parus, 50.

Panurus b. biarmicus, 76.

Paradisea apoda auguste-victorie, 39.

duivenbodet, 38.

— maria, 38.

mista, 38.

paradoxus, Syrrhaptes, 17.

Parotia duivendodet, 38.

Parus ater cabrere, 77.

— c. ceruleus, 77.

c. mitratus, 77.

major intermedius, 6.

kaschmiriensis, 7.

—— m. major, "77.

— major ziaratensis,
nov., 7

palustris dejeant, 50.

— venustulus, 49.

davidt, 50.

Passer cinnamomeus, 51.

montanus, 51, 76.

Pelecanoides urinatrix dacunhe, 74.

Perdix hodgsonia, 54.

Perissospiza icterioides, 50.

personata, Sula, 19.

petersi, Dryobates kizuki, 18.

Petronia p. petronia, 78.

petrosus butleri, Ptilopachus, 34.

saturatior, Ptilopachus, 33.

Phasianus chrysomelus, 28.

— colehicus, 28.

-— var., 54.

—— h, shawi, 29, 42.

principalis shawi, 42.

tamirensis, 42.

torquatus, 28.

phayrei, Aleippe p., 84.

philomelos clarket, Turdus, 69.

—— hebridensis, Turdus, 69.

subsp.

philomelos philomelos, Turdus, 69.

Phenicurus p. phenicurus, 78.

Picoides tridactylus funebris, 51.

pileata dictator, Timelia, 55.

—— intermedia, Timelia, 55.

placidus, Charadrius, 50.

Platystira cyanea, 82.

potoicephala fusca, Alcippe, 84.

principalis shawt, Phasianus, 42.

tamirensis, Phasianus, 42.

Pseudastrapia ellioti, 38.

lobata, 38.

Psittacula derbyana, 51.

Ptilopachus petrosus butleri, 34.

-—— —— saturatior, subsp. nov.,
33.

ptilorhis, Loborhamphus, 38.

Ptiloris mantoui, 38.

Ptistes erythropterus X Alisterus
sulaensis, 40.

erythropterus X Spathopterus
alexandre, 40.

puella cyanea, Irena, 82.

Puffinus assimilis baroli, 83.

-—— lherminieri gunax, nom.
nov., 05.

—— nugaxr, 54.

puffinus mauretanicus, 83.

—— p. puffinus, 35.

p. yelkouan, 83.

pulchricollis, Columba, 50.

punctatus sassi, Stictocarbo, 19.

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, 77.

pyrrhopygia, Halcyon, 19.

Ramsayornis, 11.

regius, Cicinnurus, 39.

reinwardt yorki, Megapodius, 11.

reischeki, Anthus noveseelandia, 42.

remigialis, Ninox noveseelandia, 61.

Rhipidura albicollis, 57.

tricolor, 19.

risoria, Streptopelia, 10.

rubecula, Hrithacus r., 77.

rubinigentis, Chalcoparia singalensis,
id,

rufescens, Calandrella, 75.

, Limnocinelus, 42.

rufina, Netta, '76.

ruysi, Neoparadisea, 38.

salvadorii, Casuarius, 5.

sancta, Halcyon, 1.

sassi, Stictocarbo punctatus, 19.
saturatior, Ptilopachus petrosus, 33.
scheniclus, Hmberiza, 75.
scirpaceus, Acrocephalus s., 78.
serrator, Sula, 19.

shawi, Phasianus h., 29, 42.

oF

[Vol. 1.

shawi, Phasiauus principasis, 42.

singalensis, Chalcoparia, 70.

anamensis, Chalcoparia, 79, 85.

-—— assamensis, Chalcoparia, 70, 85.

——- interposita, Chalcoparia, 70.

—— koratensis, Chalcoparia, 70.

rubinigentis, Chalcoparia, 79.

Sitta a. hispanica, 77.

sondaica, Briania hodgsoni, 69.

sordidatus, Mesopicus johnstoni, 34.

Spathopterus alexandre x Ptistes
erythropterus, 40.

spermologus, Corvus m., 77.

stanfordi, Alcippe nepalensis, 84.

Sterna anestheta, 19.

Sterna bergi, 19.

bethunet, 19.

—— striata aucklandorna, nom.
nov., 19.

otttata, 19.

stevenst, Acrocephalus concinens, 72.

Stictocarbo punctatus sassi,
subsp. nov., 19.

strenua, Geospiza, 27.

Streptopelia decaocto decaoeto, 10.

risoria, 10,

striata aucklandorna, Sterna, 19.

subbuteo, Falco, 78.

Sula leucogaster, 19.

personata, 19.

serrator, 19.

sulaensis, Alisterus x erythropterus,
Ptistes, 40.

Sylvia c. conspicillata, 78.

Syrrhaptes paradoxus, 17.

taitt, Aigithalos c., 77.

tamirensis, Phasianus principalis, 42.

taupoensis, Anthus noveseelandia, 42.

Tephrodornis gularis hainanus, 43.

latouchei, 43.

theckle, Galerida th., 78, 79.

theresee, Argya caudata, 55.

Timelia pileata dictator, subsp.
nov., 55.

intermedia, 59.
tinnunculus yaponensis, Falco, 10.
japonicus, Falco, 10.
torquatus, Corvus, 52.

, Phasianus, 28.
tranquebarica, (Hnopopelia, 50.
tricolor cerviniventris, Cyornis, 71.
notatus, Cyornis, 70.

, Rhipidura, 19.

tridactylus funebris, Picoides, 51.
Troglodytes t. kabylorum, 78.
tschusii, Emberiza, 75.

witherbyi, Emberiza, 75.
tullbergi, Campethera, 34.
Turdus philomelos clarkei, 69.

"Nol: 1.]

Turdus philomelos hebridensis, 69.
philomelos, 69.
turcosa, Irena, 83.

ultramontana, Certhia b., 77.

unappendiculatus aurantiacus,
Casuarius, 9.

urinatrix dacunhe, Pelecanoides, 74.

Urolais epichlora cinderella, 34.

valia, Cyrtostomus frenatus, \1.
venustulus, Parus, 49.
violicollis, Casuarius, 5.
vittata, Sterna, 19.

wellsi, Campethera, 34.
wilhelmine, Lamprothorax, 38.
witherbyi, Emberiza tschusii, 75.

Xanthomelus ardens, 33.
—— aureus, 33.
—— bakeri, 38.

yelkouan, Puffinus, 83.
yorki, Megapodius reinwardt, 11.
Yungipicus kizuki harterti, 18.

Zosterops lateralis norfolk-
ensis, subsp. nov., 10.

a

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLUET STREET.

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