n ~ fr A rea ed , ~~ if smilie fy — 4 oe =~ BULLETIN Paited OF THE BROOKLYN FNTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY NEW SERIES Vol. XV 1920 : a Zeonian Institp ee ( es “a, . \ 27/509 Ne Sonal Musev 7 EDITED (IN SUCCESSION) BY F. G. SCHAUPP JOHN B. SMITH GEO. H. HULST CHAS. LOUIS POLLARD R. P. DOW J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO PUBLICATION COMMITTEE i R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor G. P. ENGELHARDT J. BEQUAERT INDEX TO VOLUME XV. (Arranged alphabetically throughout.) Authors and Articles. GENERAL SUBJECT. Books reviewed, 27, 86, 118, 149 Editorials, 25, 84 Growth of Insect Eggs after Ovipo- sition, J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, 24 Proceedings of the Society, 28, 87 The Respiration of Aquatic Insects, Richard A. Muttkowski, 89, 131 COLEOPTERA. Change of Names of Coleoptera, Chas. Schaeffer, 117 Descriptions of New Species of Cerambycide from the Pacific Coast of N. A. with Notes Con- cerning Others, Edwin C. Van- Dyke, 33 Distributional Note on Coleoptera, H. M. Parshley, 96 Dorcus parallelus, var. costatus, J). W. Angell, 66 New Name for Nemosoma punc- tulata, Edwin C. Van Dyke, 85 Notes on the Fungus Beetle, Cis cylindricus Dury, Harry B. Weiss, 110 Observations Made Around Bar- sur-Aube, France, with List of the Carabide Found There, Alan S. Nicolay, 11 DIPTERA. A New Genus of Agromyzide, J. R. Malloch, 147 A Synopsis of the North American Species of the Genus Pegomyia, Robineau-Desvoidy, J. R. Mal- loch, 121 North American Sarcophagide: New Species from British Co- lumbia and Alaska, R. R. Parker, 105 HETEROPTERA. A New American Species of Cy- matia, Roland F. Hussey, 80 A New Member of the Family Thaumastocoride, H. G. Barber, 97, 98 An Undescribed Water-Strider from the Adirondacks, C. J. Drake, 19 Ethological Remarks on Some New England Water-Striders, H. M. Parshley, 67 Migratory Responses of Water- Striders During Severe Droughts, C. F. Curtis-Riley, 1 New and Little-Known Species of Phytocoris from the Eastern United States, Harry H. Knight, 49 Notes on the Heidemann Collec- tion of Heteroptera Now at Cor- nell University, J. R. de la Torre- Bueno, 70 On Rhamphocorixa balanodis Ab- bott, J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, 88 153 154 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV HOMOPTERA. A New Species of Typhlocyba from Long Island, N. Y., in 1919, Wm. Illinois, J. R. Malloch, 48 T. Davis, 17 On Some Species of the Genus Notes on Some Species of the Nipponaphis Pergande, Ryoichi Homopterous Genus Gypona, J. Takahashi, 115 R. Malloch, 22 The Seventeen Year Cicada on HYMENOPTERA. About Bombus americanorum F., Mating Habits of Sphecius specio- Charles Roberson, 14 sus, the Cicada-Killing Wasp, A New Host of Laboulbenia formi- Wm. T. Davis, 128 carum Thaxter, with Remarkson New Species of Tenthredinoidea, the Fungous Parasites of Ants, Alex. D. MacGillivray, 112 J. Bequaert, 14 LEPIDOPTERA. Collecting Libythea bachmani, E. New Exotic Papilios, George A. L. Bell, 130 Ehrmann, 21 _ INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES OF INSECTS AND PLANTS. New forms in bold face; synonyms in I/talics; valid species in Roman. , (For list of European Coleoptera, see p. 11; species listed therein not mentioned in this index.) Abies (plant), 48 Callidium vile, 35 concolor, 41 Callimus cyanipennis, 37 Abraxas, 27 hoppingi, 36 Acanthia sphacelata, 142 ruficollis, 37 Acanthoderes decipiens, 46 Camponotus herculaneus subsp. Acer (plant), 62 pennsylvanicus, 73 et seq. saccharum, 63 abdominalis, 73 Actias luna, 149 atriceps, 76 Aeschna, 90 var. novaeboracensis, 73 Agabus, 138 ligniperdus, 78 Agromyza, 147 Carcinus menas (crustacean), 10 Ailanthus (plant), 29 Carpinus caroliniana (plant), 56 Aletia argillacea, 28 Carthasis decoratus, 70 Alveotingis grossocerata, 70 Cecidomyia strobiloides, 149 Amnestus spinifrons, 142 Ceratophyllum (plant), 80 Apathus, 15 Chara (plant), 80 Pelatus, 16 Chironomus, 136 Apantesis anna, 29 Pa Cicada, Arachnis zuni, 87 Cis cylindricus, 110, III Aradus niger, 142 hystricula, It Argynnis, 28 Clytanthus pacificus, 38 Atta cephalotes, 79 ruricola, 39 Atteva aurea, 29 Clytus arietis, 40 blaisdelli, 30 Baclozygum depressum, 98, 102 lama, 40 Baptisia tinctoria (plant), 18 marginicollis, 39 Bellura, 28 planifrons, 39 Belostoma flumineum, 24 Colaspis subaenea, 117 Bombus, 149 wisei, 117 americanorum, 14 et seq. Coloradia pandora, 87 auricomus, I4 et seq. Cordiceps, see Cordyceps below fervidus, 14 et seq. Cordyceps (fungi), 72 et seq. pennsylvanicus, 14 et seq. © australis 75 et seq. 155 156 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV Cordyceps formicivora, 77 lloydi, 76 et seq. myrmecophila, 75 et seq. proliferans, 76 ridleyi, 77 sheeringi, 75 et seq. speeringi, 75 subdiscoidea; 76 et seq. subunilateralis, 76 et seq. unilateralis, 73 et seq. var. javanica, 76 et seq. Corethra, 134 et seq. Corixa coleoptrata, see Cymatia scutellata, 88 Cryptocephalus binominis, 29 Cychrus ridingi, 28 Cymatia americana, 82 bonsdorfii, 81, 82 coleoptrata, 81, 82 jaxartensis, 81 rogenhoferi, 81 Cyrtomenus mirabilis, 142, 143 Desmidiospora myrmecophila (fun- gus), 74 Dianthera americana (plant), 148 Dinoponera grandis, 76 Dissosteira carolina, 149 Distylium racemosum (plant), 11 Dytiscus, 132, 138 Donacia assimilis, 117 glabrata, 117 palmata, 117 Dorcus paralellus, var. costatus, 66 Doru lineare, 87 Drosophila, 27 Echinopla melanarctos, 76 Elmis, 132, 133; 137 Enchenopa binotata, 149 Encyclops californicus, 45 coeruleus, 45 Enneastigma, 126 Entomogena, see Cordyceps Eristalis, 143 tenax, 12 Eurymus interior, 29 Euvanessa antiopa, 149 Fitchia aptera, 142 Formica fusca, 77 pallidefulva, 71 rufa, 74 et seq. subpolita var. neogagates, 71, 79 Fremontodendron (Fremontia), californicum (plant), 47 Gerris buenoi, 19 ’ canaliculatus, 68 conformis, 67 et seq. lacustris, I, 2 marginatus, 2 et seq., 68 orba, 5 et seq. remigis, I et seq., 68 rufoscutellatus, 6, 19 thoracicus, 5 tristan, 5 Gonioctena arctica, 146 Gryllus, 149 Gypona albimarginata, 22 bimaculata, 23 bipunctulata, 22, 23 citrina, 23 limbatipennis, 22 melanota, 23 nigra, 23 pectoralis, 22 puncticollis, 23. Haemonia, 132, 133 Halobatopsis beginii, 69 Haploa clymene, 29 Heliotropha obtusa, 87 Hepialus gracilis, 28 Hololepta aequalis, 97 fossularis, 97 Hormiscium myrmecophilum (fun- gus), 74 et seq. Hyperchiria zephyria, 87 Hypocrea, see Cordyceps Labidura bidens, 87 Dec., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Laboulbenia formicarum (fungus), 71 et seq. Lasius niger, var. americanus, 71 et seq. - var. neoniger, 7I, 79 Leptostylus nebulosus, 46 _ Leptura amabilis, 44 canadensis, 44 coquilletti, 44 hirtella, 44 laetifica, 44 quadricollis, 45 quadrillum, 45 vexa scapularis, 43 sexpilota, 44 tibialis, 44 tribalteata, 44 vexatrix, 45 Libythea bachmani, 130 Limnius, 132, 133 Limnoagromyza diantherae, 147 Lina lapponica, 145 Liopus barbarus, 45 variegatus, 46 Lygus pratensis, 142 Macrophya fistula, 114 flaccida, 113 flicta, 114 tibiator, 114 Melanagromyza aeneiventris, 147 Melasoma interrupta, 145 et seq. tremulae, 145 et seq. Melasomida, 117 Meloé angusticollis, 149 Merolonche dolli, 29 Merragata foveata, 19 Metatropiphorus belfragei, 70 Metrobates hesperius, 67 et seq. Micracanthia humilis, 142 Microvelia americana, 19 borealis, 19 buenoi, 20 Mucor (fungus), 74 Myrmica laevinodis, 72 et seq. scabrinodis, 72 et seq. Nemosoma punctatum, 85 punctulata, 85 Neoclytus clitellarius, 40 Neoconocephalus triops, 87 Nicagus obscurus, 97 Nipponaphis cuspidatae, 115 distyfoliae, 115 distylii, 115 yanonis, 115 Nysius ericae, 142, 143 Obrium .californicum, 37 rubrum, 37, 38 rufulum, 37, 38 Ochterus banksi, 142 Oeneis, 290 Oiketicus abbottii, 142 Oncozygia clavicornis, 70 Ophiomyia curvipalpis, 147 Oreadoxa regia (plant), 102 Ornithoptera ritsemae, 21 Pachycondyla striata, 76 et seq. Paectes pygmaea, 87 Paltothyreus tarsatus, 72 et seq. Pamphilius dentatus, 112 unalatus, 112 Panthea acronyctoides, 87 Papilio erimus, 22 donaldsoni, 22 lyaeus, 22 _ mantitheus, 21 nepenthes, 21 nireus, 22 polyxenes, 149 pseudonireus, 22 Pegomyia, 121 et seq. acutipennis, 125, 126 affinis, 124 apicalis, 125 bicolor, 123 calyptrata, 123 duplicata, 125 emmesia, 125 finitima, 124 fringilla, 126 157 158 Bulleiin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV Pegomyia fuscofasciata, 123 flavicans, 125 geniculata, 123 gopheri, 124 hyoscyami, 123 jacobi, 126 juvenilis, 124 iabradorensis, 124 lipsia, 125 littoralis, 126, 127 - luteola, 122 lativittata, 125 minuta, 123 pedestris, 126 quadrispinosa, 125 rubivora, 126 ruficeps, 124 rufipes, 122 rufescens, 124 slossonae, 126, 127 spinosissima, 124 spinigerellus, 124 subgrisea, 125 substriatella, 125 -triseta, 123 unguiculata, 122 unicolor, 122 vanduzeei, 126 vittiger, 123 winthemi, 122 Penicillium (fungus), 74 Peribalus limbolarius, 142 Photinus pyralis, 149 Phylloxera, 27 Phymatodes aeneus, 35 ater, 36 decussatus, 34, 35 var. posticus, 36 fasciapilosus, 33, 34 funebrus, 34 nigerrimus, 35 nitidus, 34 obliquus, 36 varius, 36 vulneratus, 35, 36 Phytocoris brevifurcatus, 53 buenoi, 57 conspersipes, 59 subsp. diversus, 60 conspurcatus, 61 corticevivens, 63, 64 . cortitectus, 55, 56 erectus, 57 eximius, 49 et seq. fulvus, 49, 60 fumatus, 50, 63, 64 inops, 50 lacunosus, 56 mundus, 59 obtectus, 58 onustus, 54, 55, 56 neglectus, 54 pectinatus, 58 penipectus, 58 Pinicola, 59 puella, 60 quercicola, 60 salicis, 56 spicatus, 55 subnitidulus, 63, 64 sulcatus, 64 tuberculatus, 64 Picea (plant), 41 excelsa, 57 Pinus ponderosa (plant), 47 silvestris, 50 strobus, 59, 60 virginiana, 60 Plathemis lydia, 149 Podisus modestus, 142 Pogonocherus californicus, 47 concolor, 48 crinitus, 47 oregonus, 47, 48 Pilatei, 46 propinquus, 48 Polyporus hirsutus (fungus), 110, III versicolor, I10, III Polyrhachis merops, 76 Lec. 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 159 Prenolepis silvestrii, 72 et seq. Protenor, 27 Psephenus, 96 Pseudolina, 117 Pseudomyrma, 74, 79 Pseudotsuga (plant), 41 taxifolia, 36 Pyrus (plant), 62 Quercus agrifolia (plant), 46 cuspidata, 115 dentata, I15 glandulifera, 116 lobata, 35 macrocarpa, 61 Rhagovelia obesa, 67 et seq. Rhamphocorixa acuminata, 88 balanodis, 88 Rheumatobates rileyi, 19, 67 et seq. Rickia wasmanni (fungus), 72 et ase: formicola, 72 et seq. Salix nigra (plant), 57 Sannina uroceriformis, 28 Sarcophaga apertella, 106 magna, 107 savoryi, 105 wrangeliensis, 107 Sigara coleoptrata, see Cymatia Simulium, 96 Sphecius speciosus, 128 Stenelmis, 132, 133, 137 Stilbum formicarum (fungus), 75 et seq. Stratiomyia, 131 Thyreocoris lateralis, 142 Tibicen auletes, 129 canicularis, 129 linnei, 129 _ lyricen, 129 sayi, 129 septemdecim, 18 Tilia (plant), 62, 66 Thaumastocoris australicus, 98, 102 Teleonemia slossont, 70 Tenthredo mellina, 113 neoslossoniae, I13 smectica, 113 yuasi, 112 Torrubia formicivora (fungus), 78 unilateralis, 79 Trepobates pictus, 19, 67, et seq. Typhlocyba querci, 48 rubriocellata, 48 Ulmus (plant), 56 americana, 97 Xylastodoris, 100 luteolus, 97 et seq. Xylotrechus cinereus, 41, 42 disruptus, 43 fuscus, 42 incongruus, 42 insignis, 42, 43 subsp. nunnemacheri, 43 mormonus, 43 obliteratus, 43 undulatus, 41, 42 New genera in this index, 2. New species, 47. Vol. XV FEBRUARY, 1920 BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY NEW SERIES Cr etl Sgn eee ae TOs) ‘tdi fiona: woe tr. in eS 872. PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor DR. J. BEQUAERT GEO. P. ENGELHARDT Published by the Society Price, 35 cents Subscription, $1.50 per year Mailed March 15, 1920 Entered as second-class matter January 21, 1919, at the postoffice at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879 CONTENTS MIGRATORY RESPONSES OF WATER-STRIDERS, Riley...... I OBSERVATIONS AROUND BAR-SUR-AUBE, FRANCE, WITH LIST OF CARABIDAS “Nicolay i 20s uc de eG eens Nae ABOUT BOMBUS AMERICANORUM, Robertson .........-..00- Tater SEVENTEEN-YEAR CICADA ON LONG ISLAND, Davis ...... 17 AN UNDESCRIBED WATER STRIDER, Drake ...........0000: 19 NEW. EXOTIC PAPILIOS, Ehrmann {iti 0.605000. Ua 21 NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF GYPONA, Malloch ........... . 22 THE GROWTH OF INSECT EGGS, Torre-Bueno .........-... at BDUTORTAB ego as tend clientele taee GORA SH te aU eRe ana ane ta 28 BOOK (NOTICE Oe 27 DRED: DWIGHT (PIERCE ec es VERE Raa ee 27 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY ........cccccecevccssenceeee 28 PUPAL FOR) SALE eos OR eI He SOCIETY) PUBLICATIONS (ooo ceke dnc DON an we 32 EXCHANGES 100 ee MR a 32 0 ad vy BULLE TIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY VoL. XV FEBRUARY, I920 No. I MIGRATORY RESPONSES OF WATER-STRIDERS DURING SEVERE DROUGHTS.* By C. F. Curtis Ritey, The New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York. It is well known that certain species of water-striders are poly- morphic with respect to wing development. There are macrop- terous, brachypterous, and apterous forms. Kirkaldy? (p. 109) has observed six different variations, in wing development, among the brachypterous individuals of the species Gerris lacustris Linné. These alary differences are pointed out here only because of the modifying influence that they must exercise on the migra- « tory responses of the gerrids. Such variations in the develop- ment of wings not only must act as modifiers of the manner of migration, but they also must exert an influence with respect to the number of individuals that migrate during different seasons. Attention is directed to the fact that the number of macropterous and apterous forms vary from one season to another. During periods of sustained and severe droughts the migration responses of both macropterous and apterous water-striders are particularly interesting and worthy of observation. It is not only of importance to obtain information concerning the modes of migration, but it is also of consequence to discover what becomes 1 For a more complete consideration of many points mentioned in this paper, attention is directed to a recent publication by me: Riley, C. F. C,, “Some Habitat! Responses of the Large Water-Strider, Gerris Remigis Say,” American Naturalist,* Vol. Lu (1919), pp. 394-414, 483-505; Vol. LIV (1920), pp. 68-83. 2 Kirkaldy, G. W., “A Guide to the Study of British Waterbugs (Aquatic Rhynchota),’ Entomologist, Vol. XXXII (1899), pp. 108-115. 1 2 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV of the apterous migrating gerrids after the water in their hab- itats has dried up entirely. Such droughts, extending over a large region, are likely to cause the death of great numbers of apterous individuals, and even may result in the extinction, dur- ing a particular season, of any species represented by apterous specimens solely. Kirkaldy,? discussing some of the habitat re- sponses of Gerris lacustris, makes the following statement with respect to this subject: In small wayside pools or streamlets which dry up period- ically, it is obvious that the apterous inhabitants will die out unless their habitat is sufficiently near to a large stream or pond; a severe drought occurring over a fairly large area, prolonged suf- ficiently to dry up all the water within that area, would cause all the species represented in that year by apterous individuals only to become extinct. In my outdoor observations on water-strider responses and water-strider habitats, I have attempted to obtain some informa- tion on the points to which I have directed attention, in connec- tion with two different species, Gerris marginatus Say and Gerris remigis Say. These observations have been recorded, mainly, in the states of Illinois, Wisconsin, and New York. This work was done in connection with the study of water-strider habitats of varying and dynamic character, for example, rivers, creeks, brooks, both permanent and intermittent, lakes, and ponds. While all of these different kinds of habitats have contributed some- thing to the general subject, the best data have been obtained from the study of intermittent broox habitats. K On the surface of intermittent brooks, which frequently have * a rapid current, the two species of water-striders, Gerris remigis and Gerris marginatus, are fairly common. The former species y is found in greater abundance, as brooks of this character are more nearly like its normal habitat. While individuals of the latter species are few in number, as compared with those of Gerris remigis, yet a considerable population may be found in protected places where the force of the current is reduced, such as sheltered bays, formed by tree roots and irregularities in the * banks of the brooks, and in quiet backwaters. . 3 Loc. cit., pp. IOQ-IIO. Feb., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 3 During periods of drought in summer, it is a very common oc- currence to find certain of the physical conditions of intermittent brooks decidedly modified from what they are in periods of nor- mal rainfall. The most evident modification is that due to the loss in volume of water. If a drought period should be pro- longed, such brooks may be so changed as to form merely a series of isolated pools, along their otherwise dry channels. In the earlier drought stages, these pools are connected by means of __riffles of water, which become more and more contracted as the drought develops. While droughts are in their earlier stages, and the brook pools are still connected by means of narrow riffles of water, I fre- quently have observed that the apterous individuals of both species of gerrids travel from one pool to another by means of these small riffles. Eventually, if the drought continues until the riffles disappear, these water-striders are found on the surface of the isolated pools that are distributed along the beds of the brooks. Specimens of Gerris remigis frequently are present in such sit- uations in large numbers, while individuals of Gerris marginatus are comparatively few. That some of the alate specimens of both species, also, stride along the surface of these riffles from one pool to another is a well-authenticated fact, as I often have observed such responses. Of course it is quite possible that some of them make the journey by flight, but I have not seen such flights. Certainly the alate gerrids are found intermingled with the apterous individuals that are congregated on the surface-film of the isolated pools of water, after the riffles have become dry. As the volume of water continues to decrease, in intermittent brooks, owing to the prolongation of the drought period, it is evident that the alate gerrids, Gerris marginatus, become re- duced in numbers, from day to day. This probably is due to their migration by flight. But when the brooks have reached the isolated pool stage, it is found that some members of this species of water-strider are still present, for they are congregated on the surface of these pools. Not only is this true with respect to the apterous forms, but it is true, also, with respect to the alate indi- viduals, as I previously have indicated. At this stage in the proc- ess of the drying up of these brooks, gerrids belonging to the 4 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV species Gerris remigis are observed to be crowded into such iso- lated pools also, but in far greater numbers than the former species. As is well known, Gerris remigis includes both alate and apter- ous forms, and it is possible that some of the macropterous indi- viduals migrate by flight just previous to, and immediately after the isolated pool stage is reached. I have no absolutely authentic evidence that this occurs, but it is possible, for I have thought, during certain seasons, that there seemed to be some decrease in their numbers at such times, although, according to my observa- tions, the alate forms are very few at any time. During those seasons, when I have found a sufficient number of alate individ- uals of Gerris remigis to make the effort at all worth while, I have tried to obtain more data on this matter by attempting both to count them and to estimate them, from day to day, on the sur- face of various pools, from a number of different brooks. I regret to state that the results were not very satisfactory. It is a difficult proceeding, as anyone attempting to undertake it will very quickly discover, because it is necessary to count all the water-striders, both alate and apterous forms, in order to obtain any exact quantitative information. While I did not achieve definite results, it did seem, during some seasons, that there was a slight reduction in the number of alate individuals at the drought stages that I have mentioned. I wish to point out that alate forms of Gerris remigis are found in the most unexpected situations, frequently far from any permanent stream. It seems difficult to explain their presence in such places, unless they have migrated there by flight. When droughts are protracted, the isolated pools along the channels of intermittent brooks become smaller and smaller. Sometimes, during high temperatures and rapid evaporation of the water, some of the alate individuals of Gerris marginatus mi- grate, probably, by flight, as the water surface is reduced rapidly in area. Certainly, they are fewer in numbers than is the case at the beginning of such droughts, On perhaps three occasions, when droughts of this character extended into the fall, I have wit- nessed the flight of a few isolated specimens. I wish to state that Feb., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 5 a4) it was several years, after I first became interested in the family Gerridz, before I saw a water-strider fly without some artificial stimulation. Flight occurs at dusk and during moonlight nights. This fact I observed for the first time in Illinois. Flight may take place at other times also, but it has not been seen by me. At this point it may be worth while to direct attention to some of the statements, regarding flight responses of water-striders, by certain other observers. Kirkaldy,* referring to the Gerridz in general, states that the wings are used for no other purpose except flight. This observer,® discussing the flight of water bugs, records the fact that night is their usual time for migration. From the general context it is inferred also that water-striders migrate at night. Although he does not say so specifically the idea is presented that such migrations may occur during moon- light nights. This writer® directs attention to the fact that elec- tric light, and other strong light, acts as a stimulation to migra- tion, thus suggesting that such responses do not take place during absolute darkness, but rather when there is a certain modicum of light. This is in agreement with the fact that the water- striders, Gerris orba Stal (Essenberg,’ p. 400), Gerris remigis, and Gerris marginatus (Riley, MS.) are positively phototactic. According to information from Kirkaldy,* apparently, Gerris thoracicus Schumm., in Hungary, and Gerris tristan Kirk., in Ceylon, both may migrate at night. Referring to the Gerride. in general, he® (p. 151) makes the following statement, which seems to indicate that this writer considers some of them to mi- grate by flight: — As has been previously remarked, many of the Gerride con- ~?) ceal themselves—in fact “hybernate”—-under moss, stones, me etc., often far from water, during the winter. 4Loc. cit., p. 109, footnote. 5 Tbid., p. 110. 6 Thid. 7Essenberg, C., “The Habits of the Water-Strider, Gerris Remigis OM [Qrbal,” Journal Animal Behavior, Vol. V (1915), pp. 397-402. 8 Loc. cit., p. 110. 9 Tbid., pp. 151-154. 6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV De la Torre Bueno’? (p. 110), while not making a categorical assertion, intimates that Gerris rufoscutellatus Latreille may mi- grate by flight. According to Essenberg,** Gerris orba may be stimulated to flight during its phototactic responses. Below is given a quotation from this observer: Gerris remigis [orba] is positively phototactic. If it takes to its wings once in a while it always flies toward the light, pro- ducing a ‘buzzing sound as it flies. It is to be inferred, from a statement by de la Torre Bueno” (p. 203), that the alate forms of Gerris remigis, probably, are able to migrate by flight. The quotation from him follows: These winged adults are generally found solitary in the most unlikely places—isolated little pools, springs, rock-holes, beach drift, far from the favorite haunts of this stream-loving bug. During a discussion of the locomotor responses of Gerris remigis, hee aStabesatnate The wings, when present, are serviceable, the European forms being recorded as using them in flight, not observed with our species. This writer,‘* in the paper to which I have referred, remarks, apparently with reference to the genus Gerris in general, that: Some species are recorded to fly by night, but ours have not been observed doing so. De la Torre Bueno’ (pp. 2057220) writing of Gerris marginatus, states that: 10 de la Torre Bueno, J. R., “ Remarks on the Distribution of Heterop- tera,” Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XLV (10913), pp. 107-111. 11 Loe. cit'., p. 400. ‘ 12de la Torre Bueno, J. R., “Life-history and Habits of the Larger Waterstrider, Gerris remigis Say (Hem.),” Entomological News, Vol. XXVIII (1917), pp. 201-208. 13 Thid., p. 204. 14 Tbid., p. 205. 15 Tbid., “Life History and Habits of the Margined Water Strider, Gerris marginatus Say (Hem., Het.),” pp. 295-301. S Feb., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society a The species is a strong flier, and I have found it in ocean beach drift in July, on the shores of Long Island. The following quotation/ from him,"* gives a little more informa- tion with reference to the flight of water-striders, particularly those that live on the surface of stagnant waters: The species inhabiting land-locked bodies of water must, however, always have some means of travelling if the water-on which they live dries up, as so frequently happens with small ponds or water-holes. Hence wings still normally persist in these forms. During such droughts as have been mentioned, I have ob- served in the prairie regions of Illinois, after intermittent brooks have reached the isolated pool stage, that, not infrequently, evap- oration proceeds rapidly, and these pools become very contracted. When they become so small that they are not more than one or two feet in diameter and only two or three inches deep, I have found that usually the number of alate specimens of Gerris mar- ginatus are very few, and on some of these small pools, there are no individuals of this species present. This fact seems to indi- cate that many of them have migrated, probably , by flight. On the surface of these very small pools of water, Gerris remigis is present in large numbers, but, strange to relate, this species evinces no responses which seem to indicate an attempt to escape from such unfavorable surroundings. This is a phenomenon to which I" have directed attention in another of my papers. Eventually, many of these small isolated pools become com- pletely dry. As Kirkaldy*® has suggested, large numbers of apterous gerrids must perish, and in those instances where a species is represented,in a particular locality, by apterous indi- viduals only, it may become extinct, in so far as that particu- lar region is concerned. The latter contingency would be the result should the drought be protracted, severe, and extended throughout a large area. During such periods of drought, I am Oelnids ps 2076 17 Loc. cit., p. 400. 18 Loc. cit., p. 1009. 8 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV convinced that large numbers of apterous water-striders do die. I have observed that the gerrids are, apparently, far more numer- ~~ ous at the beginning of a severe droughty extending over a con- siderable area, than they are when the brooks again contain their normal volume of water, after such a drought has run its course. From this point to the close of the paper, the discussion treats, mainly, of the responses of apterous gerrids of the species Gerris remigis. Attention already has been directed to the fact that dur- ing the later stages of severe droughtsy which extend over a long period of time, the isolated brook pools decrease rapidly in size, until, eventually, they become dry. At this point in the drought stage, just prior to the total evaporation of all water in these small pools, it might be expected that the apterous water-striders, trapped on their surfaces, promptly would make their way over- land to other pools of water in the immediate vicinity, but actual: observation proves that this, usually, is not the case. The gerrids do not leave the pools until after all the water has dried up. The finding of another pool of water, if farther away than six or eight yards or such a matter from the original pool on which the gerrids had lived is a very precarious proceeding. In whatever direction the water-striders venture, after leaving the site of the former pool, the strong probabilities are that they will continue to move in that general direction until some external stimulation results in a response that turns them from it. The commonest form of stimulation is that of contact, which is due to the gerrids encountering certain obstacles in their pathway, such as stones, driftwood, pieces of dry mud, and clumps of dead leaves. After coming in contact with such obstacles, the water-striders turn either to the right or to the left, thus being directed along a new line of progress. Sometimes, they remain near these objects with their bodies closely applied to them. After remaining in such positions for varying lengths of time, they then move for- ward again. It is not always possible to tell what the stimulus is that results in the change of direction. It is quite within rea- son to believe that, in certain instances, such a response may be due to some internal stimulation that causes a change in the in- ternal activities of the body, which change evinces itself in such a response as has been mentioned. bio Feb., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 9 The whole process of moving away from the site of a former pool to another body of water seems to be a hit,and miss proposi- tion. The gerrids first try one direction and then they try an- other. The proceeding appears to be one of trial and error, the errors predominating, a process of repeated attempt and failure, on the part of the water-striders. Some of the apterous gerrids ‘may be successful in reaching water elsewhere, but/usuallythere does not seem to be any direct response to another body of water per se. Indeed, a casual observer would say that the entire pro- ceeding was one of chance. It must be recalled that in the brook channels of the character under consideration there are many obstacles, such as rocks, drift- wood, clumps of dead leaves, and pieces of dried mud. Further, the surfaces of the beds of these brooks are of baked mud and they are very uneven. Partly because of obstacles of this kind, it is very improbable that the sense of sight plays much of a role in assisting these gerrids to find water, for it is evident that the obstacles mentioned must obstruct the view of the gerrids very materially. This is appreciated more definitely when it is re- called that the water-striders are small in size and also that their eyes are close to the surface of the ground. Frequently, it has happened that the nearest pool of water was situated around a bend in the brook, away from the water-striders, so that it was impossible for them to see it from the location of the pool on which they formerly had lived. If it is necessary for the gerrids to travel only a distance of two, three, or four yards, or such a matter before reaching an- other pool of water, under such circumstances, vision may prove — to be an important factor in locating it. Pools of water are good reflecting surfaces and it is very probable, at such short distances, that the reflections of the rays of sunlight materially aid the ger- rids in finding them. However, for vision to become a factor of importance to the water-striders in reaching other pools, after the one on which they had been living has become dry, it is neces- sary that there shall be few if any obstacles in the hrook channel and that the surface of the ground shall be smooth and flat. Such conditions, according to my observations, are seldom found in brooks of the character under discussion. 10 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV Drzewina!® (pp. IO0Q-IOIO) in some experiments on Carcinus menas found that moisture given off from the sea was the chief stimulus, under certain conditions, in causing these arthropods to move toward the sea and eventually to reach it. Moisture, dif- fusing through the atmosphere, may play some role in these mi- gration responses of water-striders, but, if so, I believe that it is true only when there is a large body of water very near to the location of the pool on which they formerly had lived. It is pos- sible that in such instances the gerrids may respond positively to the moisture diffusing from such a body of water, and by means of such responses eventually reach it. However, it must be re- called that, in the prairie regions of the Middle West, where many of these observations were recorded, during a severe and extended drought, in a treeless region, evaporation is excessive and moisture from such bodies of water, unless of extensive area, would be dissipated very quickly by the high temperature. It is very improbable that hydrotropism plays much of a role in the responses of these apterous water-striders, in connection with small isolated pools in intermittent brook channels, under such drought conditions as I have described. I am strongly of the opinion that, during severe droughts, in ‘rapid, intermittent brook habitats, in such regions as I have men- tioned, after the small isolated pools on which water-striders have been living become dry, other bodies of water are found by these gerrids by a crude method of trial and error. Sometimes, water- striders may reach other pools, if these are large and close by, through responses to moisture, or through the sense of sight. But I believe that the greater part of the process of overland mi- gration is one of repeated trial and error, until at length some of the gerrids may reach another water-strider habitat. Many of the gerrids are unsuccessful in their attempts to reach water—not that there is any voluntary attempt on the part of the gerrids to find another body of water, in the sense of awareness of the end to be achieved—and therefor, large numbers of apterous individuals must perish during periods of severe and extended droughts. 19 Drzewina, A., “ De I’hydrotropisme chez les Crabes,” Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances, Société de biologie, T. LXIV (1908), pp. 1000-1011. Feb., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 11 OBSERVATIONS MADE AROUND BAR-SUR-AUBE, FRANCE, WITH A LIST OF THE CARABIDA FOUND THERE. By Aran S. Nicotay, New Brunswick, N. J. A member of the American Expeditionary Force is not usually in a position to give much time to anything but his war duties _ and when I sailed for France I had reconciled my mind to the fact that entomology must be forgotten until the fracas was over. The day of the armistice (November 11, 1918) found me in Bar- sur-Aube which is some seventy miles back of Verdun and in what was called “the advanced section.” This town lies on the River Aube which is a branch of the famous Marne and after the armistice was used for a time as the headquarters of the First American Army. We hung around a few days awaiting orders and finally I was picked to go to one of the many small villages in the vicinity and billet troops returning from the trenches. I was to live with a French family and except for seeing to it that the troops were properly quartered when they remained over night my time was pretty much my own. This struck me as an excellent opportunity to get in a little collecting and part of the time I was given to stock up with supplies (one can buy absolutely nothing in the average French village), I devoted to getting a few things neces- sary to the handling of Coleoptera. As all my earthly possessions were carried in a blanket roll on my back, there was no possibility of taking along anything but a few small boxes. Having great respect for army courts martial, I refrained from using cyanide and substituted chloroform. Even this I had difficulty in getting as the druggists were not allowed to sell it without a doctor’s certificate, but I finally persuaded him to let me have a little. More trouble still was met with when attempting to impress on him with the help of my meager knowledge of French, that I de- sired some flannel and small cardboard boxes. The first article being the same in the French language as the English was readily 12 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XV procured, but to get a few miserable boxes required wild ges- ticulating and repeated glances at my guide book, “ The Amer- ican Soldier in France,” which was written for ordinary use but did not meet the needs of an entomologist. Empty cardboard boxes seemed to be an unknown article and it was with the great- est difficulty that he was persuaded to dump out some buttons and pins, after which I was charged a price worthy of the reputation the storekeepers had made for themselves with the soldiers. On November 15, I set out for the town of Bligny which is some eight miles north of Bar-sur-Aube. This section is very beautiful and wild for France and while quite hilly it is not ex- actly mountainous. The brooks are clear and unpolluted although passing through many towns and the country, thickly dotted with small villages, is clean and fresh without any trace of the rubbish heaps so common in our own land. The forests are dense and consist chiefly of deciduous trees but there is a fair sprinkling of pines and evergreens. A large lumber camp close by and run by the government which supervises all the cutting of timber owing to its great scarcity, would no doubt have furnished excel- lent collecting during the summer. In the wooded areas, a thick, velvety carpet of moss covers the ground, while lichens grow everywhere on rocks, trees, and small bushes in great profusion. Bunches of mistletoe are very plentiful among the higher branches of trees and snails of all sizes and many species are common in damp localities. The weather never gets so extremely cold as in our North- eastern States and their November corresponds with our October. During the fall and winter it rains literally weeks at a time con- verting the country into one big mud puddle. The days are quite warm (on December 12 the temperature registered 80° for a short time, but this is of course exceptional) ; however the nights are chilly and the very heavy frosts make the vegetation look in the morning as if it were covered with glass. There are insects flying all the year round, such as Tipulide, Eristalis tenax, certain Hemiptera and Coleoptera, etc. Coccinellide may be found among the pine needles, crickets can be heard on warm sunny days throughout the winter, while grasshoppers appear very much alive in the always green grasses. Feb., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 13 The borders of a small pond just outside of Bligny furnished me with the best collecting. Back in the hills the Carabide and other Coleoptera were not over plentiful (during the winter any- way), but under bark and leaves in the immediate vicinity of the water “the pickings’’ were excellent. The French have a habit of cutting the branches of the trees for kindlings and this makes the trunks swell up and gradually assume the shape of puff-balls. Finally tiring of such harsh treatment the trees “ gave up the ghost ” and under their loose bark I reaped a rich harvest. Cara- bide were most plentiful but a goodly sprinkling of Staphylinide, Chrysomelide, Silphide, Nitidulide, etc., were met with. The most interesting thing about the insects was their remarkably close resemblance to our species from the North Atlantic States, over half of the genera and some species being common to both continents. I paid special attention to the Carabide and with the kind help of Mr. C. W. Leng and Mr. C. Schaeffer have worked up my ma- terial in this family with the following results. From November 15 to December 18, 125 specimens were taken representing 9 genera and 19 species. Of these one (Badister bi- pustulatus) occurs also with us, probably being imported from Europe in nursery or similar stock. Of the nine genera seven (Nebria, Bembidion, Panageus, Oodes, Badister, Pterostichus, and Platynus) are represented in our fauna, while the remaining two (Demetrias and Odacantha) are so close to certain of our genera that the synonymy of the latter might well be questioned. The species of Carabide taken are as follows: NeEpria Latr. N. brevicollis Fabr. Rare under stones in wooded hills. BEMBIDION Latr. B. gilvipes Sturm. Common under bark around pond. B. fumigatum Duft. One under leaves along brook. B. biguttatum Fab. Not rare. PANAGZUS Latr. P. crux major Linn. Eight specimens, all from under bark around pond. 14 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV Ooves Bon. O. helopioides Fab. One specimen. BADISTER Clairv. B. bipustulatus Fab. One specimen under bark around pond. B. peltatus Panz. Two from under bark. PTEROSTICHUS Bon. P. strenuus Panz. Three specimens. Piatynus Bon. _ ruficorne Goeze. One under boards (U. S. mess tables). . obscurus Herbst. Common under bark around pond. . sexpunctatus Linn. One pair from under moss around pond. Closely resembles our cupripennis but larger and more bril- lant. . viduus Panz. One under bark. . viduus var. moestus Duft. One under bark. . scitulus Dej. Very common, almost every piece of bark around pond having many specimens beneath it. P. fuliginosus Panz. With preceding and equally abundant. P. thoreyi Dej. One specimen. Unions Be) sh 3S DeEMETRIAS Bon. D. imperialis Germ. Rare under bark. ODACANTHA Pay. O. melanura Linn. This odd species closely resembling those of our genus Casnonia was locally common under bark around pond. ABOUT BOMBUS AMERICANORUM F. By CHARLES ROBERTSON, Carlinville, Illinois. In Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 38:405-7, Mr. Henry J. Franklin makes several statements about the synonymy of B. pennsylvanicus and americanorum which are quoted and commented on in the following order: 1. That the scutellum of the figure is yellow is an indication that fervidus was the species represented. This, however, is not proof, as there are specimens of both americanorum and auri- Feb., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 15 comus before me with the scutellum completely covered with pure yellow pile. 2. I have submitted this question, with the figure and specimens and all the arguments pro and con known to me, to eight different workers in entomology. Of these eight, six agreed with me and two were undecided. 3. Until such time, however, it seems to me that we must either adopt the view given above (which is the same as the one first published by Cresson and held to by him). 4. I have decided to retain it (name pennsylvanicus) for this species, though it is my opinion that De Geer’s figure was really made from a specimen of auricomus Robertson. 1. The scutel of fervidus is always yellow, of auricomus about as often as not, but in americanorum I have never seen a female with the scutel yellow. I would not accept a determination based on an unusual form. 2. Six out of eight agreed with the author that americanorum was the same as pennsylvanicus. Did they also agree with the opinion expressed in 4, that the figure was made from auricomus? In 1903, without giving my own opinion, I asked Mr. W. J. Fox to compare fervidus, americanorum, and auricomus with De Geer’s description and give me the result. In a letter of Jan- uary 17, 1903, he says: “If I were identifying that which we have been calling Bombus fervidus from descriptions I would not hesi- tate for a moment in deciding it to be B. pennsylvanicus De Geer.” 3. I deny the statement made here. Mr. Cresson identified americanorum and auricomus both as pennsylvanicus. Or rather he identified auricomus as pennsylvanicus and americanorum as synonymous. I would not accept any determination or synonymy when the author had two species mixed. For the fact that Cres- son identified the males of auricomus as pennsylvanicus and re- ferred the males of americanorum to Apathus there is no reason- able explanation except that he did have the females and workers of the two species mixed. If he had distinguished the true sexes of auricomus and. left americanorum without a male, he no doubt would have identified the insects mentioned in Proc. Ent. Soc., 2:164, as americanorum. That Cresson mixed auricomus and americanorum is shown { 16 . Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV by the first line of his description, wig., ‘“ Females. Head black, often more or less yellow on the vertex.” In 1888 females and workers of auricomus and workers of americanourm in my col- lection were all identified by him as pennsylvanicus. B. auri- comus seems to be common at least in New Jersey. It is fairly certain that he had specimens of it and that his failure to distin- guish it was because he mixed it with americanorum. Those who hold that Mr. Cresson did not mix the two species must maintain the absurd position that while the collection contained 80 specimens from 12 states—males of auricomus and females and workers of americanorum—it contained no examples of the females and workers of auricomus. . Since these bees were distinguished by me, fervidus has been identified by Fox and me as pennsylvanicus, auricomus has been identified as pennsylvanicus by Crawford and Pierce, but amer- icanorum has not been so identified except by the anonymous . persons referred to by Franklin. De Geer’s description is a good one for fervidus, better than the one made by Fabricius. I would not accept an identification of De Geer’s species by the figure as against the description. The description seems to be perfectly accurate for the colors, while the figure gives a different impression even for the parts it shows. The paper, published in Ent. News, March, 1890, p. 39, in which the two species identified by Mr. Cresson as pennsylvanicus were separated as pennsylvanicus (—=auricomus) and american- orum, was transmitted through Mr. Cresson and its conclusions were accepted by him. In a letter of October 20, 1888, he says, ‘‘ Have you ever been able to find the female of Apathus? elatus?” November 13 he writes, “I would like to see the Apathus? elatus matter unrav- elled. It mystifies me considerably.” September 5, 1889, he writes, ““ Your favor of the 27th ult, about Bombus pennsylvan- _tcus and Apathus? elatus has interested me very much. I have no doubt now that we are nearing a solution of the problem and that you have about found it.” November 8 he writes, “ When you have completed your notes on A.? elatus and B. americanorum and pennsylvanicus please send them on and we will publish them.” Feb., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 17 THE SEVENTEEN-YEAR CICADA ON LONG ISLAND, N. Y., IN roz0. By Wm. T. Davis, Staten Island, N. Y. On February 24, 1919, the United States Department of Agri- culture issued circular 127 devoted to brood X of the seventeen- year cicada, and brood 18 of the thirteen-year race, about to appear from Pennsylvania to Illinois and southward. From this publication we learn that brood X was reported on Long Island, N. Y., in 1902, from Kings, Nassau and Suffolk counties. Dr. E. P. Felt, New York State Entomologist in his eighteenth report, 1902, p. 113, states as follows regarding the observations made on Long Island by Mr. Chester Young: “ The insects were observed by him at Wantagh, Nassau Co., also between Massa- pequa and Amityville, between Sayville and Oakdale, east of Patchogue to Brookhaven, and also to the north of Medford and Holtsville, and a small brood northeast of Riverhead, all in Suffolk county.” On June 9, 1919, Mr. John T. Nichols wrote that cicadas were “reported singing at Mastic last week and I heard them at one point Saturday (a few). This morning walking to the train, at one place there were many on the ground, mostly more or less eaten, some with bodies all gone. Found only two live whole ones.” The two specimens were kindly sent to the writer. On June 30 Mr. Nichols wrote: “I have occasionally heard small colonies at Mastic in the past several weeks, notably one in the woodland there on June 28.” Dr. Frank Overton wrote of the cicadas under date of Sep- tember 1, 1919: “I saw their effects in a small area on the South Country Road just east of Carman’s River, and my boy saw them in the woods just east of Patchogue, but I have seen no other evidence of them near Patchogue. They seem to have appeared in spots.” ; The New York Sun for June 16, 1919, stated that: “From Wantage to Farmingdale and as far north as Central Park on 18 . Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV Long Island the pests are so thick that drivers of automobiles yesterday had to put up their wind shields to drive by the hard- wood and fruit trees, where the locusts congregate.” From personal observation it can be stated that the cicadas occurred in great numbers north of Massapequa railroad station, and also to the east of that place. On July 18, 1919, Mr. Edward J. Burns and I found many pupe skins and dead cicadas in the region mentioned. The ends of the branches of many of the oaks had broken where the cicadas had laid their eggs, giving the woods in places a brown appearance. The perennial herb, Baptisia tinctoria, grows commonly north of Massapequa, and it had also been extensively used by the cicadas in their egg-lay- ing operations. Mr. George P. Engelhardt has reported that in a visit to Baldwin, about five miles to the west of Massapequa, he found in the latter port of June but very few seventeen-year cicadas, the main body having evidently emerged to the eastward of that place. From these facts it will be seen that Tibicen septendecim was observed on Long Island in 1919 at about the same places where it occurred in 1902. In his letter already referred to Dr. Frank Overton makes this interesting statement: “Last year (1918) the seventeen- year cicadas appeared in considerable numbers in the woods along the road between Manorville and Wading River. I col- lected several about one mile north of the Middle Country Road. This was on a Sunday, June 16, 1918. This was the only ap- pearance that I noticed in 1918. There did not seem to be any in that locality in 1919.” Seventeen-year cicadas of 1918 can be referred to brood number IX, which is mostly confined to parts of Virginia, West Virginia and North Carolina. The cicadas occurred in great numbers at White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, in 1918, judging from the egg-scars in the branches of trees and bushes as observed by the writer. 1 According to reports received, they were also notably abundant about Pulaski, in Southwest Virginia—J. R. T. B. Feb., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 19 AN UNDESCRIBED WATER-STRIDER FROM THE ADIRONDACKS.* By Cart J. DRAKE, Syracuse, Nea. During the summers of 1917, 1918 and 1919, the writer col- lected numerous specimens of a small undescribed water-strider belonging to the genus Microvelia Westwood upon Bean Pond, a small bog-pond on the forest tract of the New York State Ranger School near Wanaken, New York. The species. dwells in small, secluded coves very near the shore usually under the shelter of overhanging vegetation or among aquatic plants. In a few in- stances some specimens were captured on the moist ground quite near the water’s edge. The insect breeds continually during the © summer, but only large nymphs and adults were taken in late fall. In Bueno’s key to “ THE VELIIDZ OF THE ATLANTIC STATES ”* the species runs to Microvelia borealis Bueno, from which it may be readily separated by the nearly straight posterior tibie in the male and the nearly straight posterior margin of first male genital segment; most of the cells of the hemelytra are white or mostly white in both sexes. In the apterous form only two segments are visible from above, the prothorax being very broad. During August, 1917, I collected an apterous male and female on a small pond in Elka Park, Catskill Mountains, New York, in company with several specimens of M. borealis Bueno and a few specimens of M. americana Uhler. Ona stagnant pond in Syra- cuse I collected a macropterous male and female during Septem- ber, 1918. At the same time I took several examples of M. borealis Bueno, M. americana, and one winged form of Merra- gata foveata Drake, also specimens of Gerris buenoi Kirkaldy, G. rufoscutellatus Latr., Trepobates pictus H. S. and Rheumato- bates rileyi Bergroth. I have named the insect in honor of Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno, who has taken an especially active interest in the aquatic Hemiptera. * Contribution from Department of Entomology, New York State Col- lege of Forestry, Syracuse, N. Y. 1 Buti. Brook. Ent. Soc., Vol. XI, No. 3, p. 57. 20 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV Microvelia buenoi new species. Winged male: Head with a longitudinal median impressed line. Antennz sender, a little longer than head and thorax con- joined ; first segment stoutest, its length subequal to that of the third; second segment shortest, the third thinnest; fourth seg- ment longest, nearly fusiform, about equal to the second in thick- ness, its length slightly more than that first and second taken together. Pronotum a little wider than long, with a distinct collum, the posterior margin rounded, the humeral angles promi- nent, and tumid, with a broad transverse flavous line near the anterior margin. Eyes round, black, the diameter of each almost half the distance between them. Head and pronotum velvety black, a few silvery hairs near the anterior margin of pronotum, the silvery hairs forming a rather broad streak about each eye. Body beneath black, the grayish hairs giving a grayish black ap- pearance. Elytra as broad as abdomen, membranous, the ner- vures black and prominent, the cells mostly white. General shape fusiform. Genital segments prominent, the posterior margin of the first above nearly truncate. Legs pilose, black, except coxz, trochanters and basal portions of femora flavous. Buccule flavous. Posterior tibie practically straight. Length, 1.9 mm.; width, 81 mm. Winged female: A little larger and more robust than male; hemelytra practically covering abdomen, the posterior tibiz as in male. Pronotum and elytra marked as in male. Length, 2 mm.; width, .81 mm. Apterous male: Fusiform, the antenne reaching slightly be- yond the posterior margin of the thorax. Thorax above divided by distinct sutures into two segments, the prothorax about three times as broad as the mesothorax ; posterior margin of both pro- and mesothorax slightly rounded. Prothorax with a transverse row of pits along posterior margin of flavous line. Connexivum rather broad, outer margins slightly rounded. Abdominal seg- ments unequal, the distal one broadest; a silvery spot, formed by silvery hairs, on each side of the first two and last two abdominal segments. Length, 1.74 mm.; width, .6 mm. Apterous female: Not quite so broadly orbiculate as M. borealis Bueno, the prothorax nearly three times as broad as the mesothorax. A silvery spot on each side of the first three and last three adbominal segments and a row on each side on con- nexivum (a spot on each segments). Length, 1.81 mm., width, 65 mm. Type, winged male and allotype, winged female, in my collec- tion. Morphotypes, apterous male and female, in my collection. Feb., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 21 Paratypes in the collection of New York State College of Forestry, J. R. de la Torre Bueno, and my collection. Types from Bean Pond, Wanahena, N. Y. NEW EXOTIC PAPILIOS. By Georce A. ExrMANN, Pittsburgh, Pa. Ornithoptera ritsemz Snell. Var. tantalus Ehrm., ¢', Ent. News, Vol. XV, 214. ®. Antenne, head, collar and thorax black. Abdomen, upper side pale brown; sides shaded with yellow, with a series of black spots; underneath the body is yellow. Forewings smoky brown on upper side with a double whitish spot on the outer end of discal cell; apical space with lemon- colored rays along the veins and a series of five triangular, yellowish spots along the sumdrginal space. Basal area on the upper side of hindwings white, shaded with yellow outwardly; subdiscal oval black spots very large. Fringes on both fore- and hindwings white; under side of wings the same as above but paler. Exp. 6% inches. Habitat, Kala Bala Hills, North Borneo. Type, Ehrmann Collection. : Papilio nepenthes n. sp. 6. Antenne black. Head and fore part of thorax rich carmine, the rest of thorax and upper side of abdomen velvety black; under side of thorax and abdomen carmine, upper side of forewings black with grayish striz between the nervures. Hindwings brownish black with a large square-shaped white spot on the subapical space; below this large spot a small white spot and in cells R. 2. and R. 3. an oval-shaped carmine spot, shaded or dusted with blackish scales; in cell M. 1. a brilliant carmine spot | and another elongated carmine spot on the anal angle. Scent organs pale brown. Outer parts of the tails carmine. Under side of wings same as above, but paler and an extra carmine bar on the discal area of hindwings. Exp. 514 inches. Habitat, South East Assam. Type, Ehrmann Collection. Papilio mantitheus n. sp. do. Antenne, head, thorax and abdomen black; underside of abdomen brown. Ground color of upper side of fore- and hindwings black; a large metallic green band across the disk of both wings is broken or inter- © rupted at the outer end of discal cell, leaving four triangular greenish spots on the costa; the band continues to the abdominal margin. On the DD Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV apex of forewings are two small, greenish spots and on the margin of hindwings a row of ten small, green spots. Ground color on the under side of wings pale, dirty black with a series of twelve silvery spots on the outer margin of secondaries and an additional spot of the same hue on the anal angle and abdominal margin. Exp. 44 inches. Habitat, Uganda, Br. East Africa. Type, Ehrmann Collection. Note: This species is allied to the Nireus one of Papilios, but as I have all the authenticated species of this group, viz.: Papilio lyeus Doubb., P. donaldsoni Sharpe, P. erimus Gray, P pseudonireus Feld., etc., etc., 1 do not hesitate in naming this new form. The forewings are more falcated and the hindwings not dentated as in the above-mentioned species. The lower part of ‘the hindwings is more developed than in any of the others of the P. nireus group. NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF THE HOMOPTEROUS GENUS GYPONA (HEMIPTERA). By J. R. Mattocs, Urbana, II. In Mr. Van Duzeé’s Catalogue of the Hemiptera Woodworth’s species of Gypona are with two exceptions sunk as synonyms of previously described species. In a recent paper on the genus by E. H. Gibson? but one species, bipunctulata, is accepted as valid. Having access to material identified by Woodworth in the col- lection of the Illinois Natural History Survey which appears to throw some light on the identity of his species I present some notes which clear up a few of the doubtful points in connection therewith. It is not at all clear to me why albimarginata Woodworth has been accepted as a synonym of pectoralis Spangberg as the de- scription obviously can refer to no other than limbatipennis Spangberg. This species was originally described from Illinois. Anyone who has both species available can readily settle the matter for himself by comparing the specimens with Wood- worth’s description. 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 56, pp. 87-100, 1919. we Feb., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 23 Gibson accepts bipunctulata Woodworth as a valid species, but the type is merely a female of that author’s nigra. As Gibson sinks the latter as a synonym of melanota Spangberg it appears to me that the only course left will be to follow with the female. That nigra is a synonym of melanota I do not doubt, but the female appears to me to be bimaculata Spangberg so that there are some other synonyms involved. The only difference between the male of nigra and a male of melanota which appears to me to warrant their being considered as entitled to separation even as varieties is that the elytra of the former are whitish while those of the latter are fuscous. The genitalia are identical in the two forms. The only specimen of melanota before me was named by Decor. D, Ball. Four of the males of migra bear manuscript labels with the word “type” on them, but one specimen so labelled was taken three years after Woodworth’s paper was printed, and as all bear the label “det Woodworth ’98” it is obvious that the label in at least one case is wrong. It may be pertinent to draw attention to the fact that in all but one reference Gibson gives 1896 as the date of Woodworth’s paper while it really appeared in 1887. I have access to a limited amount of material here, but surmise that it may develop bimaculata Spangberg is merely the female of _melanota Spangberg. Before me there are a number of specimens named bimaculata Woodworth. No specimen of this species bear type labels. The two that are reférred to in our species catalogue under the name bimaculata are females of puncticollis Spangberg, but they do not agree with Woodworth’s description. The only specimens named bimaculata by Woodworth which agree with his description are two which I consider referable to citrina Spangberg. We have a series of specimens of this species from Texas and they differ in no respect from those from Illinois. 24 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV THE GROWTH OF INSECT EGGS AFTER OVIPOSITION. BY ashoh Deus Torre-BuENo, White Plains, N. Y. Mr. Charles Macnamara, in his recent article “ REMARKS ON COLLEMBOLA,’* comments on the oviposition of these primitive insects, remarking on the comparatively large size of the eggs as compared with the mother. Then he goes on to say “we shall not know whether . . . more than one female contributes to the egg cluster, or whether we must accept the decidedly im- probable suggestion that the eggs increase in size after laying.’ (Italics inserted. ) | The fact is that the growth of insects’ eggs after depositing is not an entirely unknown phenomenon. The _ post-ovarian growth of the eggs of certain ants (Packard) and parasitic Hymenoptera (Henneguy) is too well known to merit more than an allusion. In Canadian Entomologist’? is the statement that the ova of Belostoma flumineum grow after depositing while maturing, and also change in form. A priori there would seem to be no reason why growth, one element in the development of the insect egg, should not continue outside the ovary. If the chorion be soft and elastic, growth would not be inhibited, and in the primitive insects, such as the Collembola, phenomena such as this might be expected, just as extra-uterine embryological development occurs in the marsupials among mammals, and in the extremely primitive Echidna; and just as snake’s eggs grow after depositing. In fact, Collembola on emerging are perfect though small replicas of the parent; but in the more highly developed and specialized insects, we find a greater degree of extra-ovarian de- velopment and consequently greater immaturity of the ovum and of the larval form, which differs most markedly from the adult. On the other hand we have forms in which nearly the whole embryonic cycle take place within the body of the mother, or wholly so as in the parthenogenetic aphids. We can draw no hard and fast line between the, most imma- ture oviparity and the most advanced viviparity in insects, of which the growth of the egg after depositing is only one to be. expected phase. 1 Can. Ent., LI: 73-80, 1910. 2 Op. cit., p. 79. 3 XXXVIII: 103. Feb., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society . 25 EDITORIAL. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL AND THE ENTOMOLOGICAL STUDENT. One of the uses to which entomological journals may be most profitably put is that of introducing students in entomological courses to the present day progress of the science. This might well be promoted by those in charge of these courses, who could recommend that each student subscribe to at least one of our standard journals. Modesty as well as wisdom forbid,us to single out any one of these publications, but it is possible for a selection to be made so that all may be covered and’so that the student may gain a first- hand and personal and proprietary interest in the periodical literature of the subject. With discreet choice among those of smaller cost, a student specializing could gain the nucleus of a working file of current publications. ON FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN ENTOMOLOGY. While going over a very extensive bibliography in one of our really important American contributions to entomological sci- ence, I ran across this title, here quoted exactly as printed: “Tnsectes recueillis en Afrique et en Amerique dans les royaumes d’Oware a Saint Domingue et dans les etats unis pendant les annes 1781-1797.” Every serious worker will at once recognize the title of Palisot de Beauvois’ work. It is my text. It is to be presumed that the author of the work first referred to sent this entry correctly capitalized, accented and punctuated to the publisher. The printer, following the American practice omitted capitals except for what he thought were proper names; he also did not have or deliberately omitted every accent; and finally, all superfluous commas were removed. Translated back, this rendering of Palisot’s title reads: “Tnsects collected in Africa and in America in the king- doms of Oware in Saint Domingo and in the united states during the years 1781-1797.” Whereas what it really says is: “Tnsects collected in Africa and in America, in the King- doms of Oware and of Benin, at Saint Domingo and in the United States.” 26 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV All a slight difference of punctuation and capitalization. This is by way of introduction to the remark that authors must have the original foreign text before them and follow it slavishly; or else they must have a working knowledge of the principal European tongues. If they have not this accomplish- ment, or rather, necessary equipment, then, in justice to them- selves and to their readers and disciples, they ought to pocket pride and appeal to some one more familiar than they with the foreign language in question. They should also insist on printers following copy, out of the window if necessary; and in reading and checking all proof and insisting upon the correc- tions called for. One of the faults of our much vaunted systems of education lies in their apparent neglect of anything outside our borders or of a non-utilitarian nature. But entomologists, being men of independent cast of mind, should rise to the occasion and have the courage to study and be right. No entomologist who contemplates serious work is completely equipped without a working knowledge of Latin, French, and German, exact so far as it goes. Such lapses and solecisms as that referred to should never be permitted to appear by author, published, or printer, in a work whose importance renders it a standard reference for many future years. Feb., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 2h BOOKS. Physical Basis of Heredity, by T. H. Morcan; pp. 1-305, figs. i171. Bo Lippincott Co., $2:509 Here we have the third to appear of the series of Monographs on Experimental Biology. Its author’s name denotes its authori- tativeness in the field it covers. While we cannot critically dis- cuss its merits from a genetic standpoint, we do, however, bring it favorably to the notice of entomologists. This is, presumably, a college text on genetics. It therefore presents the subject matter in a condensed form, so that all who read may obtain an inclusive view of a large topic. Hence, every entomologist who wishes to get a broad insight into his own subject on the biological side should read this work to inform himself as to the present status of the problem of transformism. It has, also, a more restricted interest to us students of insects, for many of the forms experimented with are insects of one kind or another, as, for instance, Drosophila, Protenor, Abraxas, Phylloxera, and other forms. Here we see in these not alone the carrying of characters from one generation to another and its method, but also the origin of races and of incipient species by mutations within the limits of one species or by crossings of nearly related forms within genera. It is quite true some may deem that conditions under which these breedings are carried out depart from the normal to such a degree that their evidence does not carry the weight it might. This appears to be a tenable difficulty, but nevertheless, we cannot affirm that given conditions within variable limits are not normal; nor can we in any way except by direct, empirical ex- perimentation determine what these conditions are, nor what combination of them fixes the optimum. And ‘further, the adaptability of the organism to its environment and conditions of life is not always evident. We must at least regard these ex- periments as valuable in demonstrating plasticity, even though we cannot fix the norm, and the possibility of the appearance of new forms arising from variable conditions of food, heat, mois- ture, confinement, interbreeding, and the many other fluctuating elements of the problem. Owing to increased cost, the Publication Committee has decided to make a charge for authors’ separates in excess of the gratis 25. This will be 5c. each for papers of one to four pages, 6c for 5 to 8 pp., 7c. for 9 to 12 pp., proportionately for longer. Special covers will be $1.50 for the first fifty. Half tone plates 2c. additional. jh, - 28 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Meeting of October 16, 1919.—Long Island Records: Mr. Wm. T. Davis reported that the southern cotton worm, Aletia argil- lacea Hubner, was quite common this fall on Staten Island. Mr. G. P. Engelhardt also had seen it in great abundance at Bergen Beach and in Brooklyn. Mr. Jacob Doll spoke of the - aquatic caterpillars of the genus Bellura; one of whose species is found commonly on cat-tail in salt marshes near New York; while another lives on arrow-weed. Scientific Programme: Collecting experiences of the members during the summer of 1919. Mr. W. T. Davis reported on the seventeen-year locust on Long Island in 1919, published in this number. Mr. Notman spoke of collections for the New York State List of Coleoptera. Mr. Pasch related his collecting ex- periences in the Ramapo Mountains, noting the abundance of Argynnis.~ Mr. Shoemaker said that he had devoted some time along the Potomac River, near Washington, D. C., in search of Cychrus ridings Bland., of which very few specimens were trapped; he also mentioned the occurence there during Septem- ber of Sannina uroceriformis Walker. Mr. Engelhardt exhibited a series of upward of one hundred specimens of Hepialus gracilis collected during July and August at Dublin Shore, a small fishing village near the mouth of the La Havre River on the Atlantic Coast of Nova Scotia. Spruce wood bordering on sphagnum bogs, a combination quite char- acteristic of the region, proved to be the favorite habitat of this insect. On every favorable evening during a month’s stay hun- dreds of the little ghost moths could be seen flying about in search for mates. The flight begins suddenly, soon after sunset and terminates just as suddenly in less than thirty minutes before darkness sets.in. The males in wild, erratic flight dash in and out among the trees and underbrush; the females, far less numerous, fly slowly close to the ground. After capturing a few of the males with a net is was noticed that in their mad search for the females they often would strike a cotton sheet stretched across a small clearing as a backing to an acetylene light. Here they would hover up and down sufficiently long to permit the use of a cyanide jar. The whereabouts of females frequently was indicated by the actions of the males, when during flight they suddenly dropped into low branches or plants near the ground. Search in such places usually would be rewarded by finding a pair, copulation being almost instantaneous. Feb., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29 With so many specimens about, some just freshly emerged, it was disappointing and baffling that nothing could be learned concerning the foodplant and larval habits of the insect. The larvee, most probably, are borers in roots at considerable depth below the ground, yet in spite of a most diligent search nothing could be found to corroborate this belief. Meeting of November 13, 1919.—Long Island Records: Mr. Doll reported the capture of Haploa clymene Brown at Sayville, Long Island, on July 24, 1919; also that of Atteva aurea Fitch at Newtown, Long Island, the larva of this moth feeding on Ailanthus, Scientific Programme: Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno read two communications illustrated with specimens; “Hemiptera in Beach Washup” and “Hemiptera Collected at Ithaca, N. Y.,” which will appear elsewhere in this BULLETIN. Meeting of December 11, 1919.—Long Island Records: Mr. W. T. Davis exhibited Merolonche dolli B. & McD., taken by him at Lakehurst, N. J., thus far known only from Long Island; also Apantesis anna Grote, bred from a caterpillar collected on Staten Island; and Cryptocephalus binominis Newm., from Yap- hank, Long Island. Scientific Programme: “ Faunal regions in Nova Scotia” was the subject of an address by Mr. Engelhardt, who discussed his observations and experiences on two visits to this province, one in the summer of 1912 to the northern part including Cape Breton and the other in 1919 to the Atlantic coast regions, the interior, and to the Minas Basin. He said that with no high mountain ranges and a climate subject to moderation, due to the insular position of the province, faunal zones in Nova Scotia are not sharply defined, but may be recognized as three—boreal, northern and temperate. The boreal zone, characterized by extensive sphagnum bogs and dense woods of stunted spruce and tamarack, occupies a narrow belt closely following the rocky and often precipitous coast. With an abundance of orchids, cotton grasses, Labrador tea and in a general appearance much like bogs in Newfound- land, one is led to expect also a representation of boreal insects, such for example as butterflies of the genus Gineis. That these are absent can be explained more easily as due to geographical limitations, rather than the lack of a favorable habitat. Eury- mus interior was much more common in the coastal belt, than inland ; otherwise the insect fauna proved more limited, but not different from that of the northern zone. Interesting and numerous forms of Noctuide and Geometride were taken at sugar and light at night. 30 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV The northern zone comprises the hill ranges and elevations — above 300 feet on the ancient plateau of the interior. There are fine stands of timber, such as spruce, balsam, white pine and hemlock. Large collections, for the greater part obtained at night, show an insect fauna identical with that of New Bruns- wick and Maine. The temperate zone is represented by broad, fertile valleys with the original forests of oak, maple, beech and birch sup- planted largely by orchards and fields of grain. The insect fauna compares favorably with that of the New England and Atlantic Coast states. Agriculturists are experiencing much trouble in checking injury caused by economic insects, such as the codling moth, cut worms and scales. About 2,000 specimens of Lepidoptera and several hundreds of other orders were collected on the trip. Feb., 1920 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 31 Livinc PupP2#. The Brooklyn Entomological Society again offers for sale living pupz of Lepidoptera as listed below. Proceeds of sales will be credited to the Society’s publication fund. Order early, addressing BrookLyYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Museum, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. Price, Cents. JAGAN! MOLLUS ata oo eA 8 OPO LROWU SHINN ch coos ciulele els 6 Pajlo POMGATHCS coscccacsodne 6 Laerties philenor ............-- 8 Eudamus tityrus ......0...000% 4 Synchloe genutia ...........+.. 10 Feniseca tarquinius ............ 10 JACTROAIS WIISOG so000ens0dccccd 10 Amphion nessus ............+. 15 MNES AD OLE (eee ere ee 15 Deidamia inscriptum .......... 15 Deilephila lineata .............. 12 LEPOMS = PONDOVUS o.5. 2 > se sences 20 Pholus achemon ........... 15 Ampelophaga myron ...... ... 10 Gerciomia catalpe ...21.5-5226% 8 Lapara bombycoides ........... 40 WMGKUMDOs MOdesIG .5. ene 40 Smerinthus jamaicensis ........ 10 ALONUES (OL CCEULUS = sane eer 10 IA COLTS TOUS eeataoowcn boos 10 HAQONUES (ASIVTLS ea. eee wee 50 Cressonia juglandis ........... 15 Philosamia cynthia ............ e 2 SNCINUGNCEGLO PIG. +. Rinne ete en 2 Callosamia promethia .......... 4 Callosamia angulifera ......... 25 EOD COM by MO. a tig eee 20 Telea polyphemus ............. 5 A OUBGAS LUO SAAS AE mon veo 10 PANUSOUD STIQNUD soigts'c's os! visiele so: 6 ZAWMMISOLG, SCHOLOTIG 3... eee ce 6 Anisota virginiensis ........... a0) Anisota rubicunda ............ 10 Price, Cents. Ampelophaga versicolor ....... 40 Ampelophaga cherilus ........ 20 Phlegethontius quinquemaculata 10 Phlegethontius sexta .......... 10 SWHHGE IZING soocosceccs0cces 40 Sphinx drupiferarum .........- 25 Sphine gordius .......-..+..-- 40 Sphine luscitiosa ............-- 30 Syne? CHEPIS 6b eo ducdoseoecus 40 Sphing eremitus ..........-..-- 30 Swine WiGWHO pooscsodcco0ndcc 30 IDONOG HIMIGOS Soosecceddodoos0c 25 Chlaenogramma jasminearum .. 80 Ceratomia amyntor .... ....... 15 Ceratomia undulosa ........... 10 Citheronia regalis ............. 50 Basitlona imperialis ............ 15 ILGG OO CASHOHD sobcoagccuccee00c 6 Sibime stimulea ....\....-....-. 6 Euclea indetermina ...........- 6 BOE: CLMOTUS co Ske Sa dcoau doce 10 Bi cleaudelpiinith Memecn ee eee 10 Adoneta spinuloides ........... 60 Phobetron pithecium .......... 20 Prolimacodes scapha .......... 6 Apatelodes terrefacta .......... 6 VAPALElOdeS AHOEIGH \.. oe. a.. 12 Fly pOrpa%, GULOTG .22..4-.--+.-: 10 COFITE WOBHNS saoctogbeecs5006 10 COTO CHIOTED aconsccooecenoce A Alypia octomaculata ........... b Euthisanotia unio ............. 6 Euthisanotia grata ............ 10 Psychomorpha epimenis ....... 10 32 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOX ANG Sent postpaid on receipt of price by Archibald C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park Place, Brooklyn. THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Ento- mology by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y., and other dealers. CG (oye olen oye |bb 0X0 ener enee MI ro paiemicge abs cn hid neh, Say ae NH Y n/ainiciG o 2.00 BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Vols. 1, and 3 are out of print. Volsii4)to.-7 itor sale-at, pet voli eG aaa cin eee 1.75 Volume’ of ‘the Burret ( nos.) tonisalevat 45 coe coe mez Volumes 9 to 14 of the BULLETIN (5 nos.) for sale, each at ........ 1.25 ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 each.. 2.50 PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vols. 1 and 4, each.......... 3.00 Vols. 2 and 3 wanted at $3 each. SCHAUPP, Synopsis of the Cicindelidz, 5 col. plates............. 1.50 OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera ........ 50 UI SUEIDIRG (Cnecbise Our Tae Inleaniiere) sobccnocensncaonodcoccedsoce .50 EXCHANGES. This one page is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for adver- tisements of articles for sale. Notices not exceeding THREE lines free to subscribers. Over lines charged for at 15 cents per line per insertion. Old notices will be discontinued as space for new ones is needed. FLORIDA Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells, and Marine Invertebrates. A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla. WANTED.—Papers published since 1894 and containing references to American Coleoptera, by Bernhauer, Grouvelle, Lesne, Leveille, Lewis, Pic, Otto Schwarz, Wasmann or other foreign authors. Will pay cash or give in exchange papers by American authors that I have in duplicate. C. W. Leng, No. 33 Murray St., New York City. WANTED.—For cash or exchange, “Synopsis of the Erotylide,” Crotch. Wm. Beutenmuller, 879 Whitlock Ave., Bronx, New York, N. Y. LOT of 100 South American butterflies and moths in perfect condition, papered, at $6.50; including Morpho menelaus or cypris, Caligo, 8 Papilios, 8 Heliconius, Prepona, Perisamia, Catagramma, Calicore, 4 Apatura Nymphalide, Urania, Sphingide, etc., etc. H. S. Parish, 81 Robert St., Toronto, Can. WANTED for cash.—Ova of Catocale with or without parent moth. Address George J. Keller, 191 Avon Ave., Newark, N. J. WANTED.—Brachynus wanted from any part of North America. Cash or exchange. J. W. Green, 520 McCartney St., Easton, Pa. : THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1920 Honorary President Pt. GRABE President W. T. DAVIS Vice-President J. R. pe ra TORRE-BUENO Corresponding Secretary and Recording Secretary J. BEQUAERT Treasurer R. R. McELVARE 70 Ashford Street BRooKLYN, N. 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Mailed July 6, 1920 Entered as second-class matter January 21, rgrg, at the postoffice at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879 CONTENTS NEW SPECIES OF CERAMBYCIDZA, Van Dyke ..............+- A NEW SPECIES OF TYPHLOCYBA, Malloch )...00..24. ee: NEW SPECIES OF PHYTOCORIS FROM THE EASTERN UNITED, STATES; ‘Katehi cies ng as la olan te ata NOTE ON DORCUS PARALLELUS VAR. COSTATUS, Angell.. ETHOLOGICAL REMARKS ON NEW ENGLAND ae SEPRIDERS): Panshley, (soso ec eta a MNS es ee aioe initia an HEIDEMANN COLLECTION OF HETEROPTERA, Torre-Bueno A NEW HOST OF LABOULBENIA FORMICARUM, WITH REMARKS ON FUNGOUS PARASITES OF ANTS, Bequaert AN AMERICAN SPECIES OF CYMATIA, Hussey .............. DL CORA: iy ue Te Wt ae orci okra ue damn CAA UT EO EOE Mes NEW NAME FOR NEMOSOMA PUNCTULATA, Van Dyke .... BOOK: NODES! JR To B. ot: ie PAULA BN CN arma ee PROCEEDINGS: OF SOCIETY: Bequaert 00.) .4.7520 (ea RHAMPHOCORIXA BALANODIS, Torre-Bueno ............... BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY VoL. XV APRIL-JUNE, 1920 NOs. 2 AND 3 DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF CERAMBYCIDA (COLEOPTERA) FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA WITH NOTES” CONCERNING OTHERS. By Epwin C. Van Dyke, Berkeley, Cal. This paper is the fifth of a series of short papers ee with the Coleoptera of this country to be published by me in this jour- nal. It will contain the descriptions of a ntimber of hitherto un- described species of Cerambycide together with a few notes and remarks concerning other and related species. Phymatodes fasciapilosus n. sp. Dark piceous, antenne and base of elytra rufous, underside of thorax and most of legs rufopiceous, each elytron with two decussating white fasciz; body generally clothed with sparse erect hair, the elyt'ral fasciz bearing a dense, silky, white, procumbent pile. Head moderately densely, coarsely punctured; the antenne extending three fourths length of body, the second joint small, less than one half length of third, the third very distinctly longer than the fourth. Prothorax broader than long, as broad as base of elytra, with sides evenly arcuate from apex to just before base where suddenly constricted, and moderately coarsely, rather sparsely punc- tured, more finely and sparsely at middle. Elytra two and a half times as long as broad, shining and distinctly though sparsely punctured over basal third, subopaque and less distinctly punctured over middle third, and shining and almost impunctate apically; the anterior fasciz about one third distant from base, extending obliquely outwards and forwards, broader outwardly and slightly crescentic, the posterior fasciz less than one third distant from apex, extending obliquely outwards and backwards, of uniform width and straight. Male, length 5.5 mm. and breadth 2 mm.; female, length 7 mm. and breadth 2.5 mm. Type male and female and one paratype in my collection, taken in the Rogue River Valley of Oregon, from the wild grape vine 33 o4 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological S ociety Vol. XV This species would at first sight be taken to be P. nitidus Lec. because of its size, appearance and type of coloration, but it dif- fers from that species by having the third antennal joint always distinctly longer than the fourth, whereas in nitidus it is of about the same length, in having the prothorax distinctly broader than long and suddenly constricted at base, markedly contrasting with that of the other which is about as long as broad and gradually narrowed to base, and by having the elytral fascize densely clothed with white pile and the mid portion of the elytra subopaque, the entire elytra in the other being shining and with but a hair here and there. P. decussatus Lec., perhaps a closer relative, is easily separated by having the posterior two thirds of the elytra densely clothed with a fine pile and by being subopaque. The food plants of the three are also distinct, fasciapilosus living on the wild grape, nitidus on sequoia, juniper and the various cupressine trees of the Pacific States, and decussatus on the white oaks. Phymatodes funebrus n. sp. Black with rufous antenne and with two semilunar fascie formed of white pubescence crossing the elytra; the body in general clothed with a few scattered longer and erect hairs. Head with front flat, alutaceous, opaque with a few irregular shallow punctures; the occiput with short gray pile; the antennz three fourths length of body, second joint longer than broad and one half length of third, the third barely shorter than fourth, the fourth to sixth gradually longer. Prothorax a bit! longer than wide and narrower than base of elytra, with sides arcuate at middle and gradually constricted both anteriorly and posteriorly, the disc alutaceous, opaque, and with a rather sparse covering of short and closely appressed gray and black pile. Elytra almost three times as long as broad, with sides almost straight, the disc with a broad black transverse band at the middle, considerably narrowed at the suture and formed of short, black and closely appressed sooty black hair, margined anteriorly by a convex band of silky white pile, the basal area with a sparse gray pubescence, a second silky white pubescent band, somewhat biconvex, margining the median black band posteriorly, the apex sparsely hairy like the base, the general surface where denuded or unclothed as at the base and apex, shin- ing and somewhat zeneous. Length 9 mm., breadth 2.25 mm. Type, captured by Mr. L. S. Slevin at Carmel, Monterey Co., Cal., August 28, 1915, and now in my collection. Paratypes in Slevin collection. April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 35 This very interesting species if absolutely denuded might pos- sibly be taken for a very much elongated P. aeneus Lec., but when perfect is seen to stand well apart from any other member of the genus. The white fascie in this species are made up entirely of pubescence, the underlying portion of the elytra being black as elsewhere. Phymatodes nigerrimus n. sp. Entirely black, slightly shining, prothorax and elytra clothed with a short, dense, suberect black pile, elsewhere sparsely hairy. Head rather coarsely, closely punctate, antenne fully three fourths length of body. Prothorax slightly broader than long, narrower than base of elytra, sides evenly rounded, coarsely, densely and evenly punctate over entire surface except narrow median space running from base to middle which is smooth. Scutellum small but distinctly punctured. Elytra twice as long as broad, sides quite parallel, rounded at apex, disc rather finely, not closely but evenly punctate and subscabrous. Beneath rather coarsely, closely punctate in front, finely and sparsely over.abdomen, more shining than above, the legs with femora less distinctly clubbed than usual. Length 8 mm., breadth 3 mm. Type, in my collection, collected by myself at Carrville, Trinity County, Cal., June 16, 1913, three other specimens in Hopping collection. This intensely black species cannot be confused with any of the other species of the genus. At first, I thought that it might possibly be a non-fasciate unicolorous black phase of vulneratus, seeing that it was captured with a number of these. It is, how- ever, easily separated from this species by its type of vestiture, especially lacking the longer vestiture of the prothorax, by having a denser and more uniform punctuation, and by having less dis- tinctly clavate thighs. From Callidium vile Lec., with which it might possibly be confused, it differs by being about twice as large, by having proportionally longer antenne, the antenne of the latter in both sexes just about reaching to the middle of the elytra, and by having black pile in place of gray. Phymatodes decussatus Lec. This species is decidedly variable. Large series bred from the California valley white oak, Quercus lobata Née, have yielded not only the phase with the prothorax and base of elytra rufous 36 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV but the phase that is all black with the exception of the fascie, the P. obliquus Casey, as well as intermediates. Both phases are to be met with in various parts of middle and northern California. In Tulare Co., Cal., we have another phase or more properly a geographical race. This is like obliquus except that the anterior fascize are wanting and the posterior much reduced. This I would designate as the variety posticus. 1 have at present before me one from Camp Nelson, Tulare Co., Cal., collected July, 1913, which will serve as the type and three specimens belonging to Mr. Ralph Hopping. One of these is from Camp Greeley and two from Colony Mill, Tulare Co., Cal. No true specimens of P. varius Fab., with which the black phases of decussatus have been confused, have been seen from the Pacific Coast. Phymatodes vulneratus Lec. This species likewise has several color varieties and also varies greatly in size. In the cooler and more northern parts of its range, it is apt to be all black with the exception of the fascie, while in the valleys bordering on San Francisco bay, the speci- mens are more apt to have the base of the elytra, the meso- and metathorax and the legs rufous. It breeds in the Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britt. Phymatodes ater Lec. Three specimens of this rare species, two received from Mr. H. W. Wenzel, from Five Mile Beach, New Jersey, and one from Mr. L. H. Weld, from Evanston, IIl., show that this species be- longs to the fasciate group of the genus. In one of the New Jersey specimens, the fasciz are lacking as is the case with the Le Conte type, in the other the anterior fascie are well defined and the posterior just vaguely indicated, while in the Evanston specimen, both sets of fasciz are very distinct, very oblique, the posterior almost as oblique as the anterior. The characteristic coarse elytral punctuation which so readily distinguishes this species, is equally evident in all three. Callimus hoppingi n. sp. Rufo-castaneous, elytra piceous except at base, suture and outer margin, moderately pilose. Head finely, densely and shallowly punctured poste- April_June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society ae riorly; antenne three fourths length of body, rather robust and pilose (decidedly more robust than in cyanipennis or ruficollis). Prothorax as broad as long, sides bluntly tuberculate at middle, dilated near apex, nearly straight and oblique from middle to base, disc shining, with a few fine punctures, fairly pilose and with the usual two blunt tubercles. Elytra more than twice as long as broad, slightly broader posteriorly, sides almost parallel, broadly rounded at apex, disc quite flat, smooth and shining toward base, finely rugose and subopaque at apical two thirds, rather finely sparsely punctate, the punctures distinct over basal area and more and more indis- tinct toward apex, clothed with moderately dense suberect pile. Beneath with anterior coxe distinctly separated (much more so than in either cyanipennis or ruficollis), middle coxee as widely separated as usual, the surface shining, very minutely and sparsely punctate, moderately pilose, and with the ventral segments as distinctly modified and of the same type as in the other members of the genus. Length 9.5 mm., breadth 3 mm. Type, a female in my own collection, collected in the moun- tains of Placer Co., California. Three specimens, likewise females, which I have designated as paratypes, have been loaned to me for purposes of study by Mr. Ralph Hopping, after whom I take pleasure in naming it. Two of these, one from the Giant Forest, collected July, 1905, and the other from Kaweah, Cal., alt. 6,000 ft., collected June 18, are 11 mm. in length, the third from Kaweah, Cal., collected June 7, is but 8 mm. in length. All are fairly constant as to coloration and structure. This species when compared with the other members of the genus, is seen to be not only more robust and of a different type of coloration, but more pilose, to have heavier antennze, much less distinctly punctate elytra, and to have the prosternum between the anterior coxe almost as wide as is the mesosternum between the second pair of coxe. This last character taken in connection with some of the minor peculiarities might seem to be sufficient to justify its being placed in a new genus but the sum of the major characters are absolutely those of Callimus therefore I deem it wise to place it there. Obrium californicum n. sp. Castaneous, shining, very sparsely and finely pilose. Head about two thirds width of elytra, eyes moderately prominent, but widely separated above, the distance equalling one half the width of base of head [almost twice as widely separated as in rufulum Gahan (rubrum Newm.)]; antennze longer than body in male and fully as long in female. Prothorax one 38 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV third longer than broad at base, base and apex equal in width, widest at middle, sides slightly constricted in front of and behind median lateral tubercle, disc with a few sparse punctures and fine hairs. Elytra over twice as long as broad, sides straight and almost parallel, apices well rounded, the disc with basal two thirds distinctly punctured, the punctures separated in most cases by over their own width, the apex quite smooth, and the gen- eral surface covered with a fine, sparse, and hardly evident pile. Length 5 mm., breadth 1.75 mm. Type, a male from Mineral King, Tulare Co., Cal., July 31, 1913, paratype from Alma, Santa Clara Co., Cal., in my own collection. Besides these I have critically examined two from the Big Trees, Calaveras Co., Cal., collected July 11 and 19, 1907, by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell and five collected by Mr. Ralph Hopping from Scafford Meadow, Tulare Co., Cal., July 8 and 10, 1910, Huckle- berry Meadow, Fresno Co., Cal., alt. 6,500 ft., July 19 and Round Meadow, Giant Forest, July 10. One of the Scafford Meadow specimens was captured on Jeffrey pine. One of Dr. Blaisdell’s specimens and one of Mr. Hopping’s specimens, I have desig- nated as paratypes. The entire series examined was uniform as to essential characters, but somewhat variable as to size, one female being 7 mm. in length. This specimen is undoubtedly closely related to O. rufulum Gahan (rubrum Newm.), but it differs from that by being more castaneous in color, less red, by having the eyes smaller and more widely separated above, the elytral punctuation much finer and the pubescence decidedly finer and sparser. Clytanthus pacificus n. sp. Black, antennz and legs rufous, middle of thighs somewhat piceous, and patches of yellow hair disposed as follows: along the margin of the entire pronotum, over the scutellum, as a lunate bar at the juncture of the ante- rior and middle third of the elytra, as a transverse line midway between this and apex, over a small area at the apex close to the suture, and at the posterior part of the meso- and meta-epimeron and along the posterior margins of the ventral segments. Head densely, coarsely and shallowly punctured; the antennz one half length of body, the third joint twice as long as second. Prothorax broader than long and densely, coarsely and verrucosely punctate, the anterior border not distinctly elevated. Elytra subparallel and over twice as long asbroad. Lengthomm., breadth 2.5 mm. Type from Marys Peak (near Corvallis), Or., and paratype, somewhat smaller, from Carrville, Trinity Co., Cal., June 15, —— aipril-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society - 39 1913, in my collection. The paratype has faint subbasal pubescent spots in addition to the markings noted above. This species is closely related to C. ruricola Oliv. but differs mainly by having the anterior margin of the prothorax less ele- vated, the antennal joints proportionately shorter, the anterior yellow bar of the elytra evenly and shallowly arcuate in contrast to the deep and angulate loop of the other and the posterior bar distinctly transverse, not oblique. Clytus blaisdelli n. sp. Black, antennz and legs rufous, and ornamented with yellow pubescent markings disposed as follows: a narrow band margining the pronotum, on the scutellum, on the elytra in the form of a short oblique subbasal line, a lunate and transverse band at the middle, a narrow transverse band between this and apex and a small apical patch, and small areas on the meso- and meta-episterna and along the posterior part of each ventral seg- ment. Head shallowly cribrately punctured, with a few scattered yellow hairs along the side of the front; the antenne half the length of the body. - Prothorax as broad as long, distinctly narrower than base of elytra, with sides evenly arcuate, disc coarsely, closely, verrucosely punctate, granulate and opaque, and with a few sparsely placed long hairs. Elytra slightly more than twice as long as broad, with sides straight and subparallel, apices subtruncate, disc closely punctate, densely clothed with a fine, closely appressed pile and with a collection of longer erect hairs in the scutellar region. Beneath clothed with a double type of pubescence, the closely appressed pile disposed as indicated and in addition a longer, sparser, and silkier pubescence generally distributed. Length 9 mm., breadth 3 mm. Type in my own collection, collected by myself at Carrville, Trinity Co., Cal, June 4, 1913. Two other specimens, kindly loaned for study, have been designated at paratypes. One from Sonoma Co., Cal., belonging to the Museum of Comparative Zodl- ogy at Cambridge, Mass., has the prothorax a bit broader and the two median elytral bands somewhat narrower than in the type. The other, collected by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, near Lagunitas, Marin Co., Cal., April 25, 1910, has the markings almost white. Both specimens are also slightly larger than the type, but except as noted, agree in all other particulars. This very elegant and graceful species which I have named after my good friend, Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, agrees with C. margini- collis Lap. and C. planifrons Lec. in regard to all characters which 40 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV are of generic importance, but differs specifically from both in being proportionally narrower and more elongate, the prothorax especially narrower, and in having the color pattern slightly dif- ferent. The elytral bars are always much shorter and generally much narrower. The subhumeral patch is decidedly oblique, not transverse as it is in the other two, and but little more than a spot. The general facies of the species implies a much closer relation- ship to some of the European species like C. arietis L. or C. lama Muls. The arrangement of the elytral markings is, however, slightly different from either. Neoclytus clitellarius n. sp. Dark brown, antennz and legs reddish; pilose, longer hairs, sparse, erect and more evident on head, prothorax, base of elytra and beneath, the shorter forming a closely appressed pubescence that is dense on the pro- notum and elytra and somewhat sparser on underside, the pubescence of both types gray on the head, sides of prothorax and ventral surface, else- where brown except for the elytral maculations which are gray and con- sist of a transverse lozenge-shaped saddle across the middle of the elytra, two small spots on each elytron slightly posterior to middle and a quad- rangular patch at the sutural apex. Head coarsely, closely punctate; the antennz one half length of body. Prothorax as broad as long, distinctly narrower than base of elytra, apex slightly arcuate and overlapping head, sides gradually arcuate to base where slightly constricted, the disc with median longitudinal area slightly though distinctly gibbous, the surface rather closely punctate and granulate, the median granules faintly out- lining transverse rugze. Elytra twice as long as broad, apices subtruncate. Length 9.5 mm., breadth 3.25 mm. Type in my own collection, secured near Fallen Leaf Lake, Lake Tahoe, Cal., July 18, 1915. A second specimen was ob-. served among the unnamed beetles in the Horn collection, in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. This very distinct species is clearly defined by the saddle like gray patch at the middle of the elytra and the four small spots behind. The general color scheme is like that of no other mem- ber of the Clytini with which I am familiar. The generic char- acters are not well developed, the transverse rugee which are so prominent a feature in most of the species of the genus being here hardly indicated though the mid portion of the pronotum is quite gibbous. Because of this last character, it could not be April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 41 placed in Clytus where one might otherwise be inclined to put it. The color pattern is also not that of the members of that genus. Xylotrechus cinereus n. sp. Black, clothed with a few long hairs scattered along sides of prothorax and on ventral surface and with short, cinereous pubescence distributed sparsely over the front of head, base of antennz and legs, more densely over the sides of prothorax and entire under surface, especially marked along the posterior margins of the sclerites, both thoracic and abdominal, and formed into a well defined design on the elytra consisting of .a short transverse bar slightly posterior to the base, a line running along the su- ture from the scutellum to the middle thence at right angles to the margin, a third transverse bar midway between this last and apex, often broken and with outer portion a bit more posteriorly, and with an additional gen- eral suffusion of gray over the basal area of elytra and scutellum and also over the apical half. Head granulate, moderately finely and evenly punc- tulate, frontal carinze well defined; antenne barely reaching the middle of body. Prothorax four fifths as long as broad, as broad as base of elytra, - sides broadly rounded at middle, gradually narrowed apically and slightly constricted at base, disc granulate and punctate like head. Elytra over twice as long as broad, sides fairly straight and convergent toward apex, the apices obliquely truncate and pointed at tip, the disc rather finely closely punctate and with many fine transverse ruge. Male, length 15 mm., breadth 5 mm.; female, length 18 mm., breadth 6 mm. Type male and female in my collection, the male from near BallemWeat Wake; Lake Maho Galen july. 26,;1015, takenyion Abies concolor Lindl. and Gord. by myself, the female from At- woods Mill, Tulare Co., Cal., July 29, 1913. A paratype male from Tallac, Eldorado Co., Cal., July 20, 1899, belongs to Dr. F. E. Blaisdell and another paratype male, with vestiture yellowish, but otherwise identical with the others, from Fallen Leaf Lake, Lake Tahoe, Cal., July 9, 1915, is in Mr. Ralph Hopping’s collec- tion. Numerous other specimens have also been seen. This species which has been previously considered to be but a race of the widely distributed X°. undulatus Say not only differs from that species by its color and distinctive color pattern but by having a different food tree. It always breeds in the true firs, Abies, as both Mr. Hopping and I have many times observed, whereas undulatus lives in either the true spruces, Picea, or their closer relative like Pseudotsuga. The pile of cinereus is usually white, is always more or less diffusely scattered over the pro- 42 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV thorax and the basal and apical parts of the elytra, and the median markings of the elytra always follow the suture to about the middle then turn at right angles. The elytra are also proportion- ally narrower and the apices more distinctly pointed. In undu- latus, the design, whether complete or not, is always more sharply defined against its background, there is an absence of that diffuse sprinkling of colored hairs over the surface, and the markings along the suture diverge considerably from it as they proceed backwards. At one time I was inclined to consider cinereus as but a western race of X. fuscus Kirby, a species which has been proven by Mr. C. A. Frost to feed on the true fir and as stated by Col. Casey is quite distinct from undulatus. The color pattern of fuscus, is, however, quite different from that possessed by either undulatus or cinereus, the elytral markings in fresh and fully colored individuals consisting of a series of long and an- gular loops. In cinereus, the scutellum is always densely clothed with white hair while in the other two species, it is almost uni- versally naked. Xylotrechus insignis Lec. This species is not only one of the most elegant in the genus but is remarkable in having the sexes so differently colored. It is widely distributed throughout California and runs well into Southern Oregon. The females which are black with rufo- castaneous antenne and legs and variously barred with sharply defined yellow markings above, vary somewhat as to size and as to the breadth of the yellow markings, but as a whole may be con- sidered to be fairly constant. The males, however, vary consid- erably. The typical male is rufous with the prothorax generally slightly margined with yellow both apically and basally, with a crescentic yellow patch transversely crossing the scutellum, a short yellow bar running inwards from the humeri, a transverse bar placed entirely across the elytra one third distant from the apex and a small poorly defined patch at the apex. This is the form which is generally to be found distributed throughout the middle portion of California and the Sierras. One specimen which I have seen from San Diego, is like the preceding, but with 1 o Memoirs on the Coleoptera,” III (1012), by Thos. L. Casey, p. 359. April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 43 the markings white instead of yellow. In the northern counties and again in the south, the males have a tendency to have also a rather faintly defined crescentic line at the middle of the elytra and in addition a general suffusion of yellow hairs over the elytra. The specimens with the median markings are more common in the north and the specimens with the yellow suffusion best de- veloped in the south as about Los Angeles. These are of course but mere races for typical forms are to be found with them as well as intergrades. Colonel Casey’s incongruus is the northern suffused form and his X. disruptus, the female of one of the southern phases. There is also another and quite distinct race which was secured in numbers by Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher, at Kirby, Josephine Co., Or., June 11, 1910. The specimens were all males, of the usual rufous color with the prothorax, but slightly peppered with white hairs and the elytra sometimes with and sometimes without white oblique bars, with either transverse median white spots or bars, the subapical white bar always pres- ent, and in addition a general peppering of the surface with white hairs. This I consider a distinct geographical race for which I propose the subspecific name nunenmacheri after its discoverer. Insignis lives entirely in willow as far as I know and has the habit, particularly the males, of often resting on various plants like the thick-leaved milkweeds and mullens. Mr. J. J. Rivers was, I believe, the first to breed out the beetle from its food tree and prove the specific identity of the two sexes. I have also bred it and dug out colonies on numerous occasions and in various parts of the state. X. obliteratus Lec., described from Colorado and for some time considered to be the male of insignis, appeared to me, after a very careful examination of the type, to be rather more closely related to X. mormonus Lec., perhaps a phase of that Rocky Mountain species. Leptura scapularis n. sp. Short, black, with triangular orange red patches at the humeri and a small tail-like appendage extending on to the epipleure, with short, rather sparse gray pile covering all of the body except the black portions of the elytra and most evident on the pronotum and underside, and a black pile covering the black parts of the elytra. Head with mouthparts but moder- ately prolonged, broad between the eyes, not very suddenly constricted 44 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV back of eyes, with a broad neck, coarsely, densely punctate, opaque; an- tennze moderately stout and extending slightly beyond middle of body. Prothorax campanulate, as broad as long, three fourths as broad as base of elytra, base twice as broad as apex, transverse basal impressions shal- low, posterior angles short, narrow and extending directly outwards. Sides not dilated in front of middle, the disc closely, coarsely punctate and opaque. Scutellum rather finely punctate. Elytra twice as long as broad, humeral angles rounded and not very prominent, sides ‘a bit arcuate and slightly convergent to apex, apices obliquely truncate, disc distinctly and moderately punctate. Length 8 mm., breadth 3 mm. Type, a unique in my collection, captured at Havilah, Cal., June 19, 1905, by Mr. Fordyce Grinnell. This very distinctly marked Leptura would come in our tables perhaps just before L. sexpilota Lec. The prothorax is of about the same type as in that species though the insect is as a whole somewhat larger, generally more robust and with an entirely dif- ferent color pattern not only from that but from any having a similar shaped prothorax. Some few of our Lepturas have the humeri often with triangular patches of red as for instance an occasional L. canadensis Fab., a male of L. letifica Lec., and so forth, but these all differ very greatly from this otherwise. The species is evidently extremely local or else very rare as this is the only specimen that I have seen. Leptura amabilis Lec. This insect as shown by the type which I have recently critically examined is nothing more than one of the darker phases of L. tribalteata Lec. with the yellow bars reduced almost to spots. It is often found in the more northern parts of the range of the species. The name amabilis has priority over tribalteata. L. coquilletti Linnell is the extreme phase at the other end of the area of distribution and extreme in its color pattern as well. In- termediates have been seen which link all three together. Leptura hirtella Lec. This is merely the male of L. tibialis Lec., the latter name hav- ing priority by many years. April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 45 Leptura vexatrix Mann. This species and L. quadrillum Lec. are merely northern and southern races of the same thing, quadrillum being the darker phase restricted to Washington, Oregon, and northwestern Cali- fornia, vexatrix, the lighter form of the more inland portions of northern California. They grade gradually into each other. Vexatrix has priority over quadrillum. Encyclops californicus n. sp. Castaneous, prothorax somewhat rufous, upper side of head and apices of middle and hind tibie and tarsi piceous. Head moderately finely, closely punctate, clothed with a very fine, short and sparse pubescence; antenne slightly longer than body. Prothorax distinctly and closely punc- tate at sides, slightly less at base and apex, and almost smooth on disc, with a well-defined median longitudinal sulcus extending two thirds distance forward from base, lateral tubercles rounded and prominent, the prothorax distinctly broader through them than at base. Elytra three and a half times as long as broad, broadest at base, sides gradually convergent to apex, apices broadly rounded, disc flattened, rather coarsely and closely punctate, more finely apically and clothed with fine, short, and sparse hair. Beneath very finely punctured and pubescent. Length 9.5 mm., breadth 2.25 mm. Type, a male in my collection, collected by myself in the Cafion near Lagunitas, Marin Co., Cal., June 4, 1911. Only one other specimen has been seen, a specimen in the Horn collection in the Philadelphia Academy, placed close to Leptura quadricollis Lec. This species as far as generic characters and facies are con- cerned is typically an Encyclops, but it differs greatly specifically from E. ceruleus Say by being generally larger, of an entirely different color, by being distinctly though finely pilose, and by having the punctures less sharply defined. It is the first member of the genus to be found on the Pacific Slope. Liopus barbarus n. sp. Form robust, densely clothed above with cinereous pubescence, the elytra clouded with darker and lighter bands and spotted with black. Head cinereous, flat; the antenne reaching several joints beyond the apex of the elytra and with the joints annulated at tip with black, the third joint long, the fourth slightly shorter, the fifth still shorter, and the sixth to the eleventh gradually shorter and narrower. Prothorax one third broader than long, surface cinereous with two darker spots on either side of middle, the sides with a prominent tubercle the greater portion of which 46 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV is posterior to the middle, and which terminates in a slightly backward pointing spine, the disc with a faint longitudinal median sulcus. Elytra somewhat broader at base than prothorax, twice as long as broad, with sides almost parallel at basal half and gradually narrower at apical half, the apices rounded, the disc cinereous with a broad angulated darkly mar- gined white bar just in front of the middle, a W-shaped black line between | center and apex, a white area margined behind with black near apex and six rows of irregularly spaced black spots situated along the cost. Body beneath and greater portion of legs densely clothed with a silvery white pubescence. Male, length 11 mm., breadth 2.5 mm.; female, length 13 mm., breadth 3.5 mm. Type male and female in my collection, received from Mr. H. C. Muzzall who reared them at Carpenteria, Santa Barbara Co., Cal., April 20, 1918, from dead limbs of the California live oak, ‘Quercus agrifolia Neé. Nine other specimens, also received from Mr. Muzzall, are in my collection and I have seen another collected by Mr. H. C. Kennedy on one of the Santa Barbara islands which is now in the collection of Cornell University. One of my paratypes will be deposited in the U. S. National Museum. The specimens vary only slightly and that chiefly as regards the intensity of the various shades of the color pattern. This, the largest species of the genus in this country, resembles none of the other species very closely though it is perhaps closest to L. variegatus Hald. in structure. It also approaches Lepto- stylus and in color pattern simulates L. nebulosus Horn or in the matter of design even more closely Acanthoderes decipiens Hald. It is, however, a true Liopus as judged by its more typical char- acters for it possesses a but slightly clubbed first antennal joint, a distinctly spined prothorax, a triangular mesosternum and has the first tarsal joint of the hind tarsi longer than the next two. Pogonocherus pilatei n. sp. Robust, piceous, antenne and bases of legs rufous, clothed with a gray pubescence, variegated with black on the elytra, with a few scattered longer hairs on the antenne, legs and entire upper surface, the hair gray in the gray areas and black in the black patches. Head pubescent, the hairs either white or black; antennz slightly longer than body in female and distinctly so in male and annulated. Prothorax broader at middle than long, lateral and discal prominences distinct but obtuse, the pubescence as on head. Elytra twice as long as broad, very convex, tricostate, the outer one distinct throughout length, the inner two distinct in apical half only though evident even across the ante-median gray saddle, the innermost April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 47 developing into a black tufted tubercle at base, the apices rounded, the color pattern as follows: gray with a lunate black mark connecting the basal tubercles, a broad gray somewhat lunate saddle-like patch just pos- terior and extending to middle, this last margined posteriorly with oblique black lines which continue backwards along the innermost coste for a short! distance then turn and run obliquely outwards towards the margin, outlining triangular areas at the sides which are often more or less dark- ened, and with a few small black tufts scattered over the surface especially along the suture and the coste. Beneath gray and unicolorous. The third tarsal joint of all legs padded beneath with yellow hair over almost the entire area, the first and second joints similarly padded over apical regions, the joints of the last pair of legs to a less degree though very evidently so. Male (a small specimen), length 6 mm., breadth 2 mm. ; female (normal- sized specimen), length 8 mm., breadth 3 mm. Type male and female in my collection, collected by Mr. G. R. Pilate from Fremontodendron (Fremontia) californicum Torr., at Havilah, Cal., May 30, 1913, and June 13, 1913. Seven other specimens, all 10 heueales, collected at the same place, are also in my collection. The species is named after Mr. Pilate as a slight tribute for many favors. The species resembles the more distinctly marked specimens of P. californicus Schaef., especially as regards its color pattern. It differs from the latter chiefly in having three distinctly defined elytral coste, the outermost only in californicus being distinct, in having the tarsal joints, particularly the posterior ones, more fully padded beneath with yellow hair, the first and second tarsal joints of the last pair of legs in californicus having hardly a trace of yellow beneath, by having no yellowish hairs mixed with the gray as is the case with the other, by having a transverse black lunule just back of the scutellum, a triangular area at the middle of the elytra merely outlined with black, not solidly black, and by hav- ing in addition an oblique line running down the declivity. In addition the food plant is very different, that of californicus being the western yellow pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl., of pilatet, the peculiar shrub, Fremontodendron. All of the species of Pogonocherus that are found in California and probably also those found elsewhere are distinctly restricted to certain types of food plants. Besides those mentioned above, it has been found that P. crinitus Lec. is only found on the oaks, chiefly the California live oak; P. oregonus Lec. on the true firs, 4§ Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV Abies; and P. propinquus Fall on the western yellow pine. P. concolor Schaef. is probably also found on pine and is besides, I am sure, only a color variety of californicus. I have a specimen of concolor that is more uniformly gray than is the type and have also many undoubted californicus that approach it. The majority of the northern specimens have the black median triangular areas almost as distinctly defined as is the black bar in oregonus, while others have it but vaguely indicated as is the case with the type. Fresh specimens of californicus also have long flying hairs on both antenne and legs. Mr. Fall,? in his table where he stated the opposite, was misled by having to rely upon poor specimens. A NEW SPECIES OF TYPHLOCYBA FROM ILLINOIS (HEMIPTERA, HOMOPTERA). By J. R. Matxocu, Urbana, Ills. The type specimen of the species described herein is deposited in the collection of Hlinois State Natural History Survey. The food plant of the species is unknown. Typhlocyba rubriocellata sp. n. Female——Greenish yellow. Head, thorax, and scutellum without markings. Elytra with a large blood-red mark which does not reach base, costal, or inner margins and extends over one third of the distance to cross-veins; a rather broad infus- cation in apices of the cells along proximal side of cross-veins and in those on inner and costal margins on distal side. Sheath of ovipositor tipped with black. Head evenly rounded in front; vertex about twice as wide at posterior margin as its length at middle. Venation as in querci. Apical abdominal sternite with a small rounded notch in middle at apex. Length, 3.75 mm. Type: Augerville Grove, Urbana, Ill., June 20, 1919 (J. R. Malloch). 2“ New Species of Pogonocherus, with Synoptic Table,” by H. C. Fall, Entom. News, Vol. XXI (January, 1910), p. 7. April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 49 NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES OF PHYTOCORIS FROM THE EASTERN UNITED STATES. (HETEROPTERA—MIRID£.)* By Harry H. Knicut, University of Minnesota, St. Paul. The present paper presents partial results of studies made in the genus Phytocoris in an effort to clear up the confusion sur- rounding the species in the eximius group. That there has been confusion need scarcely merit remark; still it might be added that the writer has before him no less than fourteen species, all of which have in previous years been determined by the best Hemip- tera workers as Phytocoris eximius. Here is a group of species, all of which wear the same confusing cloak of dark and obscure colors, so similar in general appearance that several species can not be distinguished with certainty except by reference to the genital characters. If we are to separate the species consistently then we must get down to genital characters. As a matter of fact after a little practice, any student can de- termine species more quickly by reference to the male claspers than by any descriptive process, and far more accurately. Or- dinary word descriptions are useless in the eximius group and genitalia alone remain the sole guide for accurate determinations. The writer could only desire as other students, that all the species of Phytocoris were distinct and that simple tables could be de- vised to separate the species on other than genital structures but such does not seem feasible among the species of the extmius group. Perhaps after we have worked out the species by geni- talia and come to know them by long series, certain superficial characters may be seized upon for distinguishing many of the species. In describing some of the new forms the descriptions are short, for the writer can point out only a few comparative color characteristics in addition to the genital structures, wherein the species may be said to differ from eximius; mere repetition of words. would lead only to confusion. 1 Published with the approval of the Director as Paper No. 199 of the Journal Series of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. 50 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV A few of the species differ only very slightly in the genital claspers, and just enough to cause one to wonder if there could be such variation of size and structure within a species. In order to get additional evidence on this point the writer has made a careful study of the zedeagus and its chitinous parts and was rewarded by finding some very definite and interesting struc- tures, characters which correlate perfectly with the small differ- ences found in the claspers. In the genus Phytocorts the tip of the penis, or perhaps better called the median lobe of the edeagus, contains a chitinous process, representing the terminal chitinous sclerite of that organ. After a careful comparison with the work of Sharp and Muir? on the structure of the edeagus in Coleoptera, the writer feels sure that this terminal chitinous process can be homologized with that structure which they have designated as the flagellum, an armature of the internal sac of the median lobe. The species most closely related to eximius have a flagellum bearing strong chitinous teeth, which in various modifications give distinct specific characters, while in the species examined which have an irrorate or conspurcate membrane and are related to inops and fumatus, the flagellum is devoid of teeth yet has a distinctive shape in each species. The writer has ex- amined from four to six males in most of the species and in no instance has found any variation in the structures that would lead to confusion between the most closely related species. Specimens to be used for this purpose may be placed in a moist chamber and when sufficiently relaxed the genital segment may easily be removed by using two needles sharpened like chisels. -The structures may then be picked out in a watch glass containing 30 per cent. alcohol, later to be mounted on a triangle placed on the pin beneath the insect. If we are to understand the variations or differences which we see in closely related forms we cannot afford to neglect a consideration of the structure of the edeagus when working out the species. Once the species are worked out on this basis, no doubt superficial characters. will be discovered which may be used for ordinary determination of the _ species. 2 Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1912, pp. 477-642. April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society AML Phytocoris eximius Reuter. Caps. Am. Bor., p. 67, 1876. . Length 5.7 mm., width 2 mm. Head: width .94 mm., vertex .35 mm.; yellowish, frequently tinged with reddish; geminate mark at base of tylus and apical half excluding a pale spot on each side opposite tips of lore, upper margin of lore, juge, buccule, and a ray passing lower margin of eye, reddish brown to fuscous or black; front clothed with long pale hairs. Rostrum (length 2.4 mm.) attaining basal margin of genital segment, yellowish, blackish toward the apex. dn- tenne: 1, length 1.28 mm., yellowish, irregularly mottled with fuscous, bearing five or six long pale sete; II, 2.77 mm., fuscous, pale at base for a space of .17 mm., the infuscation distinctly paler on the middle third and becoming darker to- ward each end; II], 1.6 mm., dark fuscous, pale at base for space of .14 mm, and again very narrowly at apex; IV, 1.25 mm., blackish. Pronotum: length .g1 mm., width at base 1.6 mm., anterior angles .57 mm., collar 64 mm.; side margins very slightly sulcate, gently rounded; disk moderately arched, an even contour maintained behind calli and at side margins, basal angles gently rounded; calli oval, slightly separated, de- limited behind by an impressed margin, pale with one or two fuscous marks on the outer half; disk testaceous to fuscous, central area frequently grayish green, paler anteriorly, narrow basal margin pale, sub-basal margin with six blackish points that frequently join; disk distinctly hairy, longest at the an- terior angles, hairs taking the color of the surface where they arise ; collar pale, marked with reddish each side of the median line, bearing several prominent pale hairs; sides blackish, lower margin and a mark across the base of the coxal cleft, pale. Scutellum testaceous, a pair of diverging black vitte just be- fore the apex, becoming paler toward the median line; meso- scutum moderately exposed, sloping abruptly downward at the lateral angles; heavily clothed with a mixture of pale and yel- lowish pubescence. Sternum blackish, a pale ray on each side in line with the lower side margin of the pronotum; pleura fuscous, narrow margin of sclerites, basalar piece and orifice, pale. Hemelytra: clothed with prominent yellowish pubes- cence intermixed with groups of white deciduous tomentum, having black hairs arising from the dark markings; greenish gray to fuscous, corium with base, middle, a triangular spot just before the cuneus, several spots on the embolium, paler and more or less translucent; tip of embolium, an oblique or nearly triangular patch lying just inside of the cubitus at apex of corium, bordering the claval suture except on basal one third, fuscous to black; clavus more or less fuscous either side 52 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV of the claval vein and bordering the claval suture. Cuneus grayish translucent, the apex, a small point along the inner margin and a second near the basal angle, black; the paler part usually showing some brownish or reddish coloration. Membrane fuscous, a large pale area just beyond the smaller areole and the tip of the cuneus, divided by a small fuscous spot which touches the margin; central area more or less in- vaded by paler, brachium distinctly pale at apex of areoles. Legs: coxe and bases of femora pale; front and intermediate femora with a series of irregular reddish brown to fuscous spots; posterior femora blackish, forming the background for many large and small irrorations, the pale patches most numer- ous and broadly joined on the inner side, an irregular pale annulation a short space before the apex with a second nearer the middle but interrupted on the outside. Tibie annulated with fuscous and pale; the front pair banded with fuscous at apex, narrowly at the knee and twice between these points ; intermediate pair with the apical band becoming pale, the whole apical half being more pale than fuscous ; posterior pair infuscated, irregularly spotted with pale, broadly pale on the basal one third, delimited by blackish on the inner side at base and by a distinct annulation at the middle; spines pale to brownish; tarsi. fuscous, arolia erect and diverging at the apices. Venter: clothed with prominent yellowish hairs, in- fuscated, yellowish on the ventral side except the genital seg- ment which is narrowly pale along the median line and fre- quently at the sides near the base of the claspers. Genital claspers and flagellum distinctive of the species (pl. 1, fig. 1). ®. Length 5.7 mm., width 2.05 mm. Very similar to the male in coloration; imperfect or poorly colored specimens can never with certainty be distinguished from the females of closely related species. Plesiotype: & July 15, Springfield, Missouri (H. H. Knight) ; author’s collection. Specimens examined: 2 0, 12 July 15, Springfield, Mo. (H. H. Knight). 1 4, 1 2 July, Rabun Co., Ga, (Wim..T. Davis). << July 1, Bluemont, qi Sepewez Glencarlyn, Va. (W. L. McAtee). 9 June 25, Fairfax Co., Va. (Wm. T. Davis). 80,29 July, Black Mts.N.C. (Beutenmul- ler.) g' June 30, Plummer’s Is., Md. (O. Heidemann). 9? Aug. 22, Sandy Hook, N.J.(Wm.T. Davis). 5¢,15?July 29,10, 5 2 July 30,4 9, 5 ¢ July 31,4 gd, 69 Aug. 1,1 g Aug. 14,29 Aug, 17, Bataviay tig, 1,2 July 23, Ithaca; 4 Zi, Ti glubyeeo, McLean; 1 ¢ Aug. 9, Portage, New York (H. H. Knight). I ¢ July 26, 1 9 Aug. 28, Yaphank, N. Y.; 1 ¢ Aug. 9, Smith- town, L. Is., N. Y. (Wm. T. Davis). @ Aug 21, Wyandanch, s April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 53 i Vs, Ne, (Chris. E).Olsen).) 2° QaAue s2—14,. Portland, ‘Conn. (B. H. Walden). 1 9 Aug. 5, East River, Conn (C. R. Ely). 1 ¢ July, Woods Hole; 1 ¢ Aug. 8, Chester; 1 ¢ Aug. 9, Riverside; 1 ¢ Aug. 15, Sunderland; 1 § Aug. 19, Swamp- scott; I 2 Sept. 27, Northampton, Mass. (H. M. Parshley). m9. Sept. 22, Casco, Bay, Me: (Ga Ey Pagelbardt) 5 G7 ¢ Aug. 6-8, Parry Sound, Can. (H. S. Parish). This species is found on a number of plants in various situa- tions, and is largely if not wholly predaceous as are a number of closely related species in this group. The writer’s determination of the species is based on a com- parison of male claspers with a specimen which Reuter deter- mined as eximius in 1909 by comparison with the type in the Stockholm Museum. This specimen was returned to the late Mr. O. Heidemann at the U. S. National Museum and was used by him as a basis for determinations of eximius. The redescrip- tion that Reuter gives for exwmius in 1909% is evidently drawn from other specimens, doubtless retained by him, and apparently refers to a different species, a form with irrorate membrane. From the standpoint of wide distribution and determinations by Reuter and Heidemann, the species here described and figured is more likely to prove identical with exwmius when comparison with the type is made, than any other species of the several recorded as eximius from the eastern United States. It is entirely possible that the type eximius may prove to be a species distinct from any occurring east of the Mississippi river, thus no final disposal of the species may be had until some competent systematist examines carefully and records the genital claspers of the type, which fortunately is a male. Phytocoris brevifurcatus new species. 3S. Length 5.8 mm., width 2.14 mm. Very similar to exi- minus but without the heavy oblique fuscous mark at apex of corium ; second antennal segment darker fuscous on the middle third ; head and pronotum distinctly grayish green on the paler parts; posterior femora with smaller irrorations, not distinctly banded with pale; genital claspers and «edeagus distinctive of the species (pl. 1, fig. 2). Holotype: § Aug. 6, Batavia, N. Y. (H. H. Knight) ; author’s 2“Bemerkungen iiber Nearktische Capsiden,” etc., Acta. Soc. Sci. Fennice, xxxvi, No. 2, p. 23, 1909. 54 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV collection. Allotype: Aug. 24, Batavia, N. Y. (H. H. Knight). Paratypes: $ July 31, 3 ¢ Aug. 2, J Aug. 4, & Aug. 29, 2 Aug. 30, Batavia, N. Y. (H. H. Knight). Specimens were taken on the bark of trees in shaded situations. Phytocoris neglectus new species. 3. Length 6.2 mm., width 2.2 mm. Resembles eximius, but the second antennal segment is uniformly blackish except for the whitish annulation at the base; corium and clavus fre- quently more broadly blackish; apical band on the middle tibie white; infuscation at middle of membrane tending to separate into small specks; genital claspers and edeagus dis- tinctive of the species (Pl. 1, Fg. 3). Holotype: $ June 25, Batavia, New York (H. H. Knight) ; author’s collection. Allotype: same data as type. Paratypes: Q June 18, 2 June 25, 22 July 1, FQ July 5, 4 July 6, 2 July 11, S July 14, f July 15, 9 July 22, 9 Aug. 5, f Aug. 25, 9 Aug. 20, G2 Aug. 30))2 0 Sept. 7, 6 Sept. 13; Batavia; 2.4 Sepia Wi oming, Ni WY :o(. Ee) Kinieht).) 39 july 4.) Foun) Mile hie Coy Ey. Knight). 6) Aus. 3) White; Plams) Ney.) (qj Reade Vorre-Bueno):) of) Sept. 20; Amagansett, jis, Ni) Ye (Wane Davis). 2 ¢% July 30, Pigeon Cove; 3 ¢ July 15-Aug. 6, Woods Holl, Mass. (Chris. E. Olsen). G92 Sept. 16-17, 4 Sept. 30, Forest Hills; $ July 13, Swampscott, j| Aug. 31, Beach Bluff, 3, 3 & Sept. 5, Saugus, 6, 2 2 Sept. 15, Blue Hills, 9 Oct. 3, Squantum, g' Oct. 13, Boston, ¢ Oct. 21, Hyde Park, Mass. (H. 'M. Parshley). July 26, N. E. Harbor, Me. (C. W. Johnson). 6 Sept. 2, New Buffalo, Berrien Co., Mich. (R. F. Hussey). & June 29, Twin Lake, Martin Co., Minn. (H. H. Knight). Apparently there are two generations of this species in one season. The writer took specimens most frequently on the bark of apple trees where both nymphs and adults fed on Psocids. The species was also found on the bark of other trees and is probably predaceous on most soft bodied insects living in such situations. Phyiocoris onustus Van Duzee: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sei., ser. 4; 1X, Ps) 244. @20; Figure of genital claspers and flagellum (pl. 1, fig. 9). ' Plesiotype: & July 31, Batavia, New York (H. H. Knight) ; April_June,1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 55 author’s collection. Specimens examined: 2 July 7, 2 July 11, 2 2 July 20, 3 2 July 30, 5 2 July 31, Batavia; J Aug. 9, Portage; Peau 3 Hour Mile; oo july 26; ithaca, New @Yierk) CEE: Knight). @ July 15-Aug. 6, Woods Hole, Mass. (Chris. E. Olsen). @ Aug. 8, Mt. Toby, Sunderland, Mass. (H. M. Parsh- ley). & July 24, Glen House, N. H.; ¢ July 22, Machias, Me. (GC: W. Johnson). @ Aug. 22, Mt. Katahdin, Me.) alt.) 650 ft: (C. P. Alexander) 2 6, 2 June, Clayton, Ga., alt. 2000-3700 mat (Wim. I. Davis). The writer took this species most frequently on the bark of hickory trees in shaded humid surroundings. The color of the insect matches the bark so closely that it is difficult to see when crouching in crevices on the bole of the tree. Phytocoris spicatus new species. ‘— 6. Length 6 mm., width 2 mm. Slightly larger than exi- mis and more broadly black; second antennal segment uni- formly black except for the white annulation at base; front largely black, transverse striz evident; hind femora as in extmius only darker, one distinct pale annulation just before the apex; flagellum and right genital clasper distinctive of the species (pl 1, fig. 10) 2. Length 6.8 mm., width 2.2 mm.; very similar to the male only slightly larger. Holotype: & July 14, Bat&via, New York (H. H. Knight) ; author’s collection. Allotype: Aug. 1, Batavia, New York (H. H. Knight). Paratypes: § July 19, Machias, Me. (C. W. John- son). o July 15, Lunenburg, Mass. (H. W. Allen). This species comes nearest to cortitectus but is readily dis- tinguished ‘by the sharp basal spike on the right clasper and the darker coloration; also approaches onustus but is smaller and more blackish. © Phytocoris cortitectus new species. 6. Length 6 mm., width 2 mm. Very similar to eximius; pale parts of the hemelytra more translucent, infuscations paler; front of head transversely striate with fuscous each side of the median line; second antennal segment more uniformly fuscous, but with a pale reflection apparent throughout the in- fuscation; genital claspers and edeagus distinctive of the . Species (PI. 1, Bight a eky; similar to the male but slightly more robust. 56 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV Holotype: & July 31, Batavia, New York (H. H. Knight) ; author’s collection. Allotype: taken with the type. Paratypes: 2 ¢ July 29, 2 2 July 30, 205 2 July 31, Batavia, No Yo (eee Knight). July 24, Glen House, N. H. (C. W. Johnson). The writer took specimens only on the trunks of elm trees (Ulmus) where the species is admirably concealed as it crouches in crevices of the bark. Phytocoris lacunosus new species. ( ~ 6. Length 6.7 mm., width 2.2 mm. Very similar to corti- tectus only larger; nearly the size of onustus but more slender and paler in color; corium with a longitudinal pale area which extends onto the base of the cuneus without interruption at the cubitus; flagellum and right genital clasper distinctive of the species (Pl. 1, Fig. 4). Very similar to the male only slightly more robust. Holotype: & July 27, McLean, New York (H. H. Knight) ; author’s collection. Whitetace Mi Newi Mores (reuse Knight) ; all taken on Pinus strobus. Sept. 16, Liberty, Me. (Cushman). ig} Franconia, N. Hy) (Mrs) Al 1. Slessen)as Aug. 1, “Hatch Exper. Station,’ Mass. Phytocoris quercicola new species. 6. Length 4.7 mm., width 1.7 mm. Suggestive of puella but the heavy infuscation on pronotum and legs distinguish this form at once. Head: width .g1 mm., vertex .3 mm., basal half of lore, spot each side of tylus, transversely across the front and four marks on vertex, red, front with prominent pale hairs; rostrum (length 2.2 mm.) attaining base of genital segment, pale, infuscated at apex. Antenne: I, length .97 mm., pale, three irregular marks on upper side and broadly banded at apex with fusco-brownish or reddish, beset with 6 April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 61 to 8 prominent pale spines: II, 2.25 mm., pale brownish, pale annulus at base, next to this and again at apex darker fuscous ; ‘TIL, 1.25 mm., fusco-brownish, annulated with paler at base, middle and narrowly at apex; IV, 1.04 mm., fuscous. Pro- notum: nearly as in eximius, longest hairs situated anteriorly and on collar; outer half of calli and extending broadly to the rear, narrowing and curving inward to form submarginal line on middle two fourths, interrupted at median line, fusco- brownish to dark fuscous; submarginal line frequently form- ing two blackish points each side of the median line, narrow basal margin pale; scutellum pale, median line frequently red- dish, each side of this am indistinct vitta composed of small brownish dots. Hemelytra: pale, more or less translucent, an irregular patch at middle of clavus and a larger one just oppo- site on the corium, fusco-brownish, the dark color broken by small irregular pale macule; frequently the apex of corium with a second smaller dark patch and a series of fusco-brownish spots bordering the claval suture; embolium and cuneus flecked with coagulate spots of reddish. Membrane pale, infuscation composed of fine irregular spots, forming a large spot on apex, a smaller one at each side joining margin, the central area and within the cells more sparsely speckled with irregular flecks of fuscous; brachium pale, cubitus infuscated. Legs: front and middle tibiz pale, triannulate with fuscous, femora and hind tibie marked nearly as in eximius, infuscation frequently becoming reddish brown. Venter: pale, side flecked with red- dish, basal half of genital segment fuscous except along median line; flagellum and genital claspers distinctive of the species (oli tie. 24). 9. Very similar to the male in size and coloration. Holotype: § Aug. 12, Batavia, New York (H. H. Knight) ; author’s collection. Allotype: same data as type. Paratypes: -4I @9 taken with the types; 1 # Aug. 1, 3 gf Aug. 10,1 g, 12 iiommiegs) OP Auo, ws iBatamian IN|, Wee (en ull Kane). oo Nue: 27, Beach Bluff, Mass. (H. M. Parshley). Aug. 12, Odenton, Md.; & Sept. 27, Glencarlyn, Va. (W. L. McAtee) ; other speci- mens from the same localities in Mr. McAtee’s collection. The writer took this species only on bur oak (Quercus macro- carpa) to which tree it appears to be restricted in its breeding habits. . -Phytocoris conspurcatus new species. | (0 6. Length 5.9 mm., width 2.1 mm. Resembling eximius in form of pronotum and general coloration only usually 62 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV darker; readily distinguished by the dark conspurcate mem- brane, antennal segments II and III banded at the middle with pale; dorsum thickly clothed with black deciduous scale-like hairs intermixed with small patches of white tomentum. Head: width 1.06 mm., vertex .34 mm., infuscated similarly to ext- mius; rostrum (length 2.6 mm.) attaining the base of the genitalsegment. Antenne: I, length 1.2 mm., black, irregularly irrorate with white, beset with from 14 to 16 pale sete; II, 2.5 mm., black, annulated at base with pale, a second band begin- ning at middle and covering a space of .3 mm. on base of apical half; III, 1.48 mm., pale at base and again at middle; IV, 1.11 mm., black. Pronotum: length 1.54 mm., width at base 1.7 mm.; form and coloration very similar to eximius, but differs by the presence of black scale-like hairs; scutellum thickly covered with white tomentum. Hemelytra: more uniformly darkened than in eximius, a pale triangular spot at tip of corium bordering the cuneus; thickly clothed with black scale- like hairs intermixed with small patches of white tomentum. Membrane thickly conspurcate with dark fuscous, brachium pale at apex of larger areole, conspurcate spots more sparsely placed near apex of the cells. Legs: marked very similar to eximius, pale band near apex of hind femora more or less interrupted on the under side. Venter: dark fuscous to black- ish, more or less pale on under side at base; genital claspers and the long tubercle above base of the left clasper, distinctive of the species (pl. 1, fig. 16). ®. Very similar to the male in size and coloration. Holotype: g Aug. 17, Batavia, New York (H. H. Knight) ; author’s collection. Allotype: same data as the type. Paratypes: 4 2 tepotypic. 3:6 July 30, 9 Aug. 3, ¢ Aus. 12) Game ae Batavia, Na Ye; 9 Sept. 8, Ithaca, N.Y) Gal ee Kine aes June 20, Washington, D. C. (O. Heidemann). 92 Aug. 21, L. Is., Ne Yoe(Curis. FE. Olsen). (2 Aue.3, Wallinetord, (Cr @enes Caftery). 9 Sept. 12, Hlartiord, Ct. (W. E: Britton) gees 9, Boston; ¢ Aug. 24, Beach Bluff, Mass. (H. M. Parshley). & July 25, Mercer Co., Ohio; & July 19, Ann Arbor, Mich. (R. By Hiussey 2.) 2 Aes 13) St. Anthony, Park,” Minge@sine ie Knight). 1 ¢, 12 Aug. 6, 2 & July 11, Trenton, Ontario, Can. (Evans). @ July 4, White Plains, N. Y. (Torre-Bueno). This is a predaceous, bark-inhabiting species which the writer took on the boles of Linden (Tilia), Pear (Pyrus), and Maple (Acer). ( April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 63 | Phytocoris fumatus Reuter. Bemerk. Neark. Caps., p. 25, 1900. Figure of male claspers and flagellum (pl. 1, fig. 8). Plesiotype: & June 26, Deep Pond, Wading River, L. Is., New York (Wm. T. Davis) ; compared with type; author’s collection. The writer has studied the types of fumatus and subnitidulus that were returned by Reuter to the U. S. National Museum and is unable to see more than a shade of color difference between them. It is possible that the other type specimen of submitidulus which Reuter retained, may represent something different from fumatus, but on the other hand, a study of the original descrip- tion does not reveal any differences greater than may be found in the sexes of the latter species. Phytocoris corticevivens new species. 6. Length 6.6 mm., width 2.3 mm. Very similar to fu- matus, differs in having the lower half of head black except for a small pale spot at base of lore; femora black, narrowly pale at base, a few small pale freckles near apices, the hind pair with a distinct white oblique band just before the apex, broader and more distinct at the front and under side; genital claspers, flagellum, and tubercle above base of each clasper, distinctive of the species (pl. 1, fig. 6). 2. Very similar to the male but slightly more robust, fre- quently lighter colored. Holotype: § July 11, Batavia, New York (H. H. Knight) ; author’s collection. Allotype: taken with the type. Paratypes: 6 June 8, J June 25, ¢ July 13, 9 July 14, Batavia; § June 21, Portage, N. Y. (H. H. Knight). ¢ July 7, Waterville, N. Y. (I. M. Hawley). @ July 11, Staten Island, N. Y.; 9 June 30, White Plains, N. Y. (Torre-Bueno). @ July 3, Palisades, N. J. (Wm. T. Davis). & July 2, Great Falls, Md. (O. Heidemann). & June 20, New Haven, Ct. (A. B. Chaplain). @ July 4, Lyme, Ct. (H. B. Kirk). 2 July, Orono, Me. ¢ June 2, Ramsey Co., Minn.; ¢2 “Minn.”. ¢ July 1, Manes B@e Can (ik Ne Ciystal). Hennine aed Oy ou uly 3, Covey) Hilly) EO: (GE Petch ). The writer took this species only on the bark of maple trees (Acer saccharum) where the nymphs and adults are well con- cealed as they crouch in crevices of the bark awaiting their prey. 64 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV Phytocoris tuberculatus new species. — 3S. Length 6.5 mm., width 2.1 mm. Very similar to fu- matus, especially in the white coloration on lower half of head; first antennal segment (length 1.42 mm.), equal to the distance from base of pronotum to a line drawn through the middle of eyes, and in this respect is identical with fumatus; distin- guished by having all the femora black, posterior pair with an oblique pale band near apex and adjacent to this a few small pale freckles as in corticevivens. Genital claspers, flagellum, a long tubercle above base of left clasper and a shorter one above the right clasper, distinctive of the species (pl. 1, fig. 7). 2. Very similar to the male but slightly more robust, fre- quently lighter colored. Holotype: & July 5, Four Mile, New York (H. H. Knight) ; author’s collection. Allotype: June 4, Black Mts., N. C. (Beu- tenmuller) ; Cornell University collection. Paratypes: ¢ July 5, Pour Mile, N. Y. (H. Hi. Knight). of June, Pine Islands Nea (Wm. T. Davis). @ July 19, Ann Arbor, Mich., at light (R. F. Hussey). The writer would have been inclined to identify this species as subnitidulus but for the fact that the type specimen in the U. S. National Museum is certainly identical with the type of fumatus and in the original description no mention is made of the distinct pale band near the distal end of the posterior femora. Phytocoris sulcatus new species. dg. Length 6 mm., width 1.8 mm. Very similar in form to fumatus but smaller; pronotum more distinctly sulcate at sides and immediately behind the calli; pale annulations more dis- tinct at base and middle of segment II; dorsum distinctly paler, exterior half of clavus and inner apical angles of corium black- ish; femora broadly pale at base, irrorate with large pale spots on the apical half. Genital claspers, flagellum, a large thick tubercle above the base of the left clasper, distinctive of the Species (ole i, tenn ns)\E 2. Very similar to.the male in coloration, more robust, the sides of the hemelytra distinctly rounded. Holotype: & Aug. 10, Batavia, New York (H. H. Knight) ; author’s collection. Allotype: Aug. 1, Batavia, N. Y. (H. H. Knight). Paratypes. Qo Aug. 0,)9) Aus. 3; 9 Aes i eBataviar of July 21, Ithaca (at light); 2 2 Sept. 1, Madison Barracks, April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 65 aa a 17 C4 is pinicola £Y =. [ ; 2's fb ‘Pp pectinatus a : 4 av EN , 2 ea Uy on) aad 19 c BS Wa eglee He Lay P eA Roodtiscts \|5 Z 5 Perectus i Gute Prortice ? eres i Be oa a’ — ae te 7c Cc P fulvus PH Cont ONE) 16 HOU oJ C P conspurcatus aad guercicola , PEATE Ts. 3 Genitalia pf the species of Phytocoris. 66 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV N. Y. (41. H. Knight)..) @yjulyz22) 2 July 25.76) oles: Staten Island, N. Y. (Wm. T. Davis). 92 Aug. 22, Branford, Ct. (W. H. Winkley). of July 20, gi Aug. 1, Boston; §° Aug. 6, Riverside; ¢ Aug. 10, Brookline; 2 @ Sept. 24, Farmington, Mass. (H. M. Parshley). @ July 12, Columbia, Ra (te Guyton). ¢ July 20, Ann Arbor, Mich.; 2 $ Aug. 3, Washing- ton Co., Mich. (R. F. Hussey). The writer took this species on the bark of Basswood (Tilia) but it may well occur on the trunks of other trees. The nymphs of this species as well as the above described forms having a con- spurcate membrane, live on tree trunks almost exclusively, thus it would appear that they must be wholly predaceous in their feeding habits. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. (Figures all drawn to the same scale.) a, left clasper, lateral aspect. a’, left clasper, lateral aspect with outline of genital segment added. aa, left clasper, dorsal aspect. b, right clasper, lateral aspect. b’, right clasper, lateral aspect with outline of genital segment added. c, flagellum. d, left clasper, caudal aspect. DORCUS PARALLELUS VAR. COSTATUS. In “Entomological News,” Vol. III, April, 1892, Page 5, con- cerning the form of Dorcus parallelus known as costatus Lec., Dr. George Horn says: “ Dorcus costatus though merely a cata- logue name is. based on those females in which three of the intervals on each elytron are a little wider and more prom- IMenicaee He makes no mention of the male form of this insect and therefore I think it worthy of note to record that I have lately received from Mr. E. A. Bischoff, an interesting male example of this insect taken by him, labelled New Jersey (probably in the vicinity of Newark, but unfortunately without date of capture)— length of specimen 20 mm. JouHn W. ANGELL. April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 67 ETHOLOGICAL REMARKS ON SOME NEW ENGLAND WATER-STRIDERS (HEMIPTERA). By H. M. ParsHiey, Smith College, Northampton, Mass. The college pond at Northampton is narrow and winding, perhaps a mile long, formed by a dam thrown across a small and rocky stream. For the most part its insect population is very meager, due no doubt to an extreme lack of aquatic vegetation, but at the upper end, where the stream forms boulder-strewn rapids as it enters the pond, there is a numerous population of aquatic Hemiptera, an association of water-striders which, as I have observed on other occasions as well, seems characteristic of such an environment. Investigating this company of navi- gators on August 22, 1919, I found the following species repre- sentated: of the Gerride—Gerris conformis Uhl., Metrobates hesperius Uhl., Trepobates pictus H.-S., and Rheumatobates rileyi Bergr.; of the Veliide—Rhagovelia obesa Uhl. These species are entirely confined to the surface, except the last mentioned, which dives occasionally; and they are quite independent of aquatic vegetation, since for their prey they depend very largely upon terrestrial insects which chance to fall into the water and are borne down by the current. On the occasion under consideration the individuals. of Gerris con- formis remained for the most part in schools under the shelter of the bank, while those of Rhagovelia obesa, nymphs of perhaps the fourth instar, formed a small, compact swarm in the eddy behind a boulder. The other species were to be found scat- tered more at large over the surface; but farther down, where the water becomes quiet, all were entirely absent. Thus it ap- pears that under certain circumstances these species affect running water by preference, although some of them, members of the Halobatinee, may often be found on bodies of water quite lacking in current, as stated by de la Torre Bueno.* In order to maintain their position near the foot of the rapids, these insects ordinarily row in leisurely fashion against the current, thus ex- hibiting like many other fluviatile animals what has been called 1Gerrids of the Atlantic States. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. 37, 1911, p. 243. 68 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV a positive rheotropism, but this habit is by no means the mani- festation of a fixed and mechanical reflex, since on occasion they turn and with the same facility move down the stream or across it, in pursuit of prey or away from enemies, or with purposes less clear to the observer. Among these water-striders may be found most striking ex- amples of pterygo-polymorphism, or diverse wing development among individuals of a single species. Gerris conformis is always macropterous in this region, while a near relative, G. remigis Say, also found-as a rule on running water, is usually but not always apterous. Of G. marginatus Say, generally macropterous, more rarely apterous, there are often found examples having wings of one half the normal length, as well as various intermediate conditions, and in G. canaliculatus Say both macropterous and apterous forms occur frequently, the one sometimes developing from eggs produced by the other, as de la Torre Bueno has shown.? WM. hesperis, T. pictus, R. riley, and FR. obesa are usually found in the apterous condition in the north, but winged individuals of all these species may be occa- sionally met with. Among thousands of examples of R. riley recently examined at Cold Spring Harbor, L. I. but one was macropterous, the rest quite apterous. Reuter® and de la Torre Bueno* have offered speculations, notably lacking in experimental evidence, on the subject, but an adequate explanation of the phe- nomenon is yet to be made and the problem is certain to repay. investigation by modern methods, since even the genetic behavior of the forms, quite possibly Mendelian, is almost entirely un- known. These insects, especially the species of Gerris, can be bred successfully in captivity by following the methods developed by de la Torre Bueno.° | The occurrence here of the species: enumerated above is of some distributional interest, since none of them, excepting Gerris 2 Op. cit., p. 248. 3 Polymorphisme des Hémipteres. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1875, pp. 225- 2306. 4Life history and habits of the margined water strider, Gerris margin- atus Say. Ent. News, Vol. 28, 1917, p. 207. 5 Notes on collecting, preserving and rearing aquatic Hemiptera. Can. Ent., Vol. 37, 1905, pp. 137-142. April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 69 conformis, have hitherto been reported from western Massa- chusetts. Rheumatobates rileyi, remarkable for its extreme sexual dimorphism, is a notable addition to the New England fauna, and this is the most northern point in its known distribu- tion, if we except the doubtful Quebec record® of an immature example found by de la Torre Bueno among the specimens de- scribed as Halobatopsis bégintu by Ashmead. In response to my | request for information regarding the labels attached to. these specimens, which are preserved in the National Museum, Mr. Gibson most kindly sent them for examination and I find no reason to suppose that the example of FR. rileyi came from Canada. One pin holds four nymphs of Metrobates hesperius, the other a nymph of the same species and one of R. rileyi and both bear hand written labels—‘‘ Nj. 27—7-96”’—which I take to refer to New Jersey. Another specimen from this series, which I have not seen, bears the label “ Sherbrooke, Can.,”’ as described by de la Torre Bueno,’ but this is M. hesperius, and moreover it is only to this that the original description refers or applies. To the immature examples of M. hesperius sent from Canada by the Abbé Bégin and described by Ashmead® as Halobatopsis béginu, it is evident that there have been added, probably by Ashmead himself, other materials from other localities, including the specimen of R. rileyi, under the impression, of course, that they were all conspecific. Only the specimen or specimens labeled “ Sherbrooke, Can.,” can be regarded as type material of Ashmead’s unfortunate creation, and hence the citation? of H. béginu as a synonym (in part) of R. rileyi would seem hardly justifiable. - But to return to our association of water-striders. Visiting the rapids again on September 29 with a class, we found three of the species still active, though in reduced numbers, represented by both adults and nymphs, but Gerris conformis and Rhagovelia obesa had quite disappeared. Very likely these are of more deli- cate constitution than the others and had been led to seek winter 8 Gerrids of the Atlantic States, /. c., p. 251. * On Halobatopsis beginti Ashm. Can. Ent., 1911, Vol. 43, pp. 226-228. 8 A new water-bug from Canada. Can. Ent., 1897, Vol. 20, p. 56. ® Van Duzee’s Catalogue, p. 431, doubtless following de la Torre Bueno, op. cit., p. 228. 70 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV quarters by the recent cold and rainy weather, though the par- ticular day referred to was bright and warm. Next spring we shall try to determine the time at which these species first appear, and then the data of occurrence may be more fully summarized. NOTES ON THE HEIDEMANN COLLECTION OF HETEROP- TERA NOW AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY. By J. R. pE LA TorrE-RUENO, White Plans, Nea While on a visit at Cornell University in the summer of 1919, through the courtesy of Dr. J. C. Bradley, I was able to go over the Heidemann collection of Heteroptera, purchased by the Uni- versity after his death. These few notes refer to those facts which could be determined without prolonged study and com- parisons. Oncozygia clavicornis Stal. The collection contains two speci- mens of this very rare species, one from Fortress Monroe, Va., April 19; and the other from Ashby, Fla. The latter is an addi- tion to its distribution, it being known only from Texas and Vir- ginia. Teleonemia slossoni Heid. Type. The specimen so marked is a short-winged Alveotingis grossoceraia O, & D., from Fran- conia, N. H., taken by Mrs. Slosson; 2 short-winged, with perfect antenne, are from Delaware Water Gap, Pa., Mrs. Slosson, as is one long-winged specimen. The New Hampshire record is new. I have taken this species in White Plains, N. Y. (here- ‘tofore unrecorded from the state) and also a macropterous speci- men in beach-washup, at Smith’s Point, L. I. Metatropiphorus belfragei Reut. There are specimens in this collection from Biscayne, Fla.; Virginia Beach, Va.; Cabin John, Md., and Anglesea, N. J. All these except Biscayne, are addi- tional localities; Van Duzee reports it only from Florida and Texas. Carthasis decoratus Uhler. There are two adults and one nymph from Bladensburg, Md., in the collection. It is to be hoped that this collection may be gone over and straightened out by competent hands some time in the not too far distant future. April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society Til A NEW HOST OF LABOULBENIA FORMICARUM THAXTER, -. WITH REMARKS ON THE FUNGOUS PARASITES OF ANTS. By J. Bequaert, American Museum of Natural History, New York City. Among some ants collected last summer near Boston, was found a worker of Formica pallide-fulva Latreille subsp. schau- fussi Mayr, which on examination by Prof. Wheeler proved to be infested with the curious parasitic fungus Laboulbenia formi- carum Thaxter. This ant was incidentally picked up, running over the sidewalk in Arborway Park, at Forest Hills, Mass. (August 7). I was unable to discover the infested nest or any other specimens carrying the fungus. In addition to the ant here mentioned, the known hosts of this fungus include now such common species as Lasius niger (Linné) var. americanus Emery, L. niger var. neoniger Emery, and Formica subpolita Mayr var. neogagates Emery. But, strange to say, it has been recorded thus far only from the vicinity of Boston, where it is of rather frequent occurrence (Cambridge, Ellisville and Forest Hills). There is apparently no reason why it should not be found in many other localities, when properly looked for. The scarcity of parasitic fungi on ants is rather surprising and has often been commented upon. It is by no means due to lack of proper investigation ; for ants exist everywhere in great abun- dance and have been intensely studied both in nature and in the cabinet ; it would be difficult to name another group of insects of which such large numbers of specimens have been collected and examined. The great rarity of these fungous parasites can, how- ever, be easily accounted for by the proverbial habits of cleanli- ness characteristic of ants, “which tend to suppress or render impossible the development of the fungi, except under unusual conditions. All ants devote a great deal of time and attention to cleaning their own integument and that of their nestmates. They are, indeed, forever combing and scraping the surfaces of their bodies with their tongues and strigils, so that fungi must find it difficult to gain a precarious foothold in their nests, to say noth- ing of an opportunity to proliferate” (Wheeler). 72 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV : Laboulbenia formicarum belongs to the Laboulbeniacee, a family usually included among the sac fungi or Ascomycetes and exclusively found growing on living arthropods. Of the 600 or more described species of these fungi, the great majority attack beetles; only the three following have been hitherto recorded from ants. Rickia Wasmannii Cavara is the only ant-infesting form known from Europe, where it grows on Myrmica levinodis Nylander and on M. scabrinodis Nylander. Rickia formicicola Spegazzini, recently described, was found on Prenolepis silvestru Emery, in La Plata, Argentina. The hosts and distribution of Laboulbenia formicarum Thaxter have been mentioned above. These ant-inhabiting Laboulbeniacez are small and inconspicuous fungi, and when examined in situ on the host, appear like minute, usually dark-colored or yellowish bristles or bushy hairs, project- ing from its chitinous integument either singly or in pairs, more commonly scattered, but often densely crowded over certain areas on which they form a furry coating; when infestation is excessive, the ants have been properly compared with hedgehogs, fairly bristling with tufts of the fungus (Wheeler). The de- tailed structure of these fungi can only be studied with a proper magnification, for the ant-attacking species are among the smallest members of the family, rarely exceeding one or two tenths of a millimeter in total length. Perhaps the most remarkable pecu- liarity of the Laboulbeniacez is their ability to thrive freely on their hosts without interfering much with its activity, inflicting little if any appreciable injury. In the case of the ant parasites, the parasitism is purely external, the fungus deriving its nourish- ment in all probability from the superficial layers of chitin or from deeper lying nutritive elements Slee De without penetra- tion, through the sucker-like foot. Of the other fungous parasites of ants, certain Hypocreacee (Ascomycetes) of the genus Cordyceps are the most noteworthy, being of rather large size and of not unfrequent occurrence. In this case, the polycellular mycelium pervades the tissues of the host, which is rapidly killed, and often produces asexual spores or conidia borne on external hyphz variously agglutinated or united (Jsaria stage). The mycelium finally produces outside the body of the insect a boll-shaped or club-like organ or fructi- April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 73 fication, carried on a stalk sometimes several inches in length. The swollen portion of this external stroma bears numerous asco- carps or perithecia containing the spores, which are formed within elongate cells, the asci. Some hundred spcies of Cordyceps are known, all but two or three parasitic upon arthropods; as a rule they are but little particular in the choice of their host, the same species often attacking members of different species, families, or orders. Ten species of Cordyceps have been recorded from ants, as can be seen from the appended bibliography ; but most of these were found in the tropics. Cordyceps unilateralis (Tulasne), a rather widely distributed parasite of many insects, is the only form mentioned from ants in North America. Thaxter has recorded it incidentally as growing on an ant which was not further specified at the time, but, according to information kindly given to me by Prof. Wheeler, was a Camponotus herculeanus (Linné) subsp. pennsylvanicus (De Geer) from North Carolina. It has been found on several other ants in South America and the East Indies. The external part of this Cordyceps consists of a black, very slender, thread-like stroma, 13 to 20 mm. long and 4 to % mm. thick at the base, feebly bent about or above the middle of its length where it bears on one side the perithecia fused into a subglobose head, 1 to 2 mm. in diameter, with rosette-like pro- tuberances. Cordyceps myrmecophila (Cesati) is a fungus of larger size and has been frequently observed on ants, though it attacks also various other insects. It is known from Europe (Italy, Finland), Brazil and tropical Africa. In the Belgian Congo its host of pre- dilection apparently is the common large ponerine ant, Palto- thyreus tarsatus (Fabricius). It is by no means rare to find dead specimens of this ant firmly attached with the closed mandibles to a leaf, a grass stalk or a stick, several inches or a few feet above the ground, while a long-stalked Cordyceps protrudes from the body. Though this position is often observed in ants that die 1 Prof. Wheeler also informs me that unidentified Cordyceps are in Prof. Thaxter’s collection from the following ants: Camponotus hercu- leanus subsp. pennsylvanicus var. noveboracensis (Fitch) from Maine and C. abdominalis (Fabricius) from Trinidad. : 74 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV from fungous diseases, it is nevertheless remarkable in this case, since Paltothyreus is a foraging, strictly terrestrial ant, not known normally to climb the vegetation. The stroma of the fungus grows out of the side of the thorax, as a rule between one of the coxal articulations: a slender stalk, 2 cm. or more long, ends in a club-shaped fructification bearing the ascocarps. More rarely two such fructiferous stromata are borne by the same ant. A number of so-called “imperfect fungi”—incompletely de- veloped, conidia-bearing or sterile stages of various Ascomycetes —have been recorded from ants. A nest of Formica rufa Linné, at Potsdam, Germany, was heavily infested with fungous growths, about the size of a pin-head and attached mainly to the thorax, more rarely to other parts of the body. The ants were apparently but little hampered by their parasites. From cultures obtained with these fungi, Bischoff concluded that they belonged to several species, among them a Mucor, a Penicillium and a yeast. Thaxter also found in the vicinity of Cambridge, Mass., a fungus forming blackish incrustations on various parts of ants and giving rise to a few short, colorless, erect branches; the exact nature of this plant has not been determined, nor is the name of its host mentioned. To complete this brief account of the fungous parasites of ants, I must still mention two imperfect fungi described by Prof. Thaxter. One of these, Desmidiospora myrmecophila Thaxter, of the family Mucedinacee, was growing luxuriantly on a large black ant fastened to the under side of a rotting log in Connecti- cut. The hyphe, much branched and septate, covered the host in a white flocculent mass extending a short distance over the substratum. The host of this parasite has recently been identi- fied by Prof. Wheeler as Camponotus herculeanus subsp. penn- sylvanicus (De Geer). Prof. Wheeler further informs me that the same fungus is in Prof. Thaxter’s collection from New Hampshire, growing on the same ant and its var. noveboracensis (Fitch). Another curious parasite belonging to the Dematiacee, Hormiscium myrmecophilum Thaxter, was found on various parts of a Pseudomyrma collected by W. M. Mann along the Amazon River, Brazil. The majority of the individuals taken from a nest were infected by the fungus, which is sufficiently April-June, 1920 Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 75 large to be readily visible as it projects from the surface of the host; it consists of brownish or nearly hyaline, closely septate filaments, about one quarter millimeter long, one to several aris- ing from a deeply blackened foot. AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE FUNGOUS PARASITES oF ANTS, Bischoff, H. 1912. Pilzkultur aus an Ameisen gewachsenen nize serine entom, Zeitschir:, EVM Sitzuben) i TOL, pa(2))s Cultures of a Mucor (of the spinulosus group), a Penicillium, and a yeast with sexual reproduction, obtained from fungous growths infesting Formica rufa at Potsdam, Germany. Cavara, F. 1899. Di una nuova Laboulbeniacea, Rickia Was- mannii nov. gen. e nov. spec. Malpighia, XIII, pp. 173-188, Pl. VI. Original description of Rickia Wasmannii from Myr- mica levinodis, at Linz on the Rhine, Germany. Ceépéde, C., and Picard, F. 1909. Contribution a la biologie et a la systématique des Laboulbéniacées de la flore francaise, Bull. Scientif. France et Belgique, XLII, pp. 247-268, Pls. III- IV. Rickia Wasmanni Cavara, p. 252. Cesati, V. 1855. Notice a servir d’appendix aux mé€moires de Messieurs Leveillé, Tulasne et autres, sur la véritable nature des Sclérotiums. Botan. Zeitg., XIII, pp. 73-80. Hypocrea (Cordyceps) myrmecophila Cesati, on an unidentified ant, from Brescia, northern Italy. 1861. Appunti per una. futura crittogamologia insubrica. Commentario della Soc. Crittogamol. Italiana, I, 2, pp. 47-72, Pls. IlI-IV. Cordyceps (Entomogena) myrmecophila Cesati, pp. 61-64, Pl. IV, Figs. II, 1-4. Cooke, M. C. 1889. New Australian Fungi. Grevillea, XVIII, pp. 1-8. Stilbum formicarum Cooke and Massee, p. 8, on an undetermined ant from Cheltenham, Victoria, Australia. 1891. Exotic fungi. Grevillea, XX, pp. 15-16. Cordyceps Speeringii “ Massee,” p. 15. 1892. Vegetable wasps and plant worms. A popular his- tory of entomogenous fungi or fungi parasitic upon insects. London, v-+ 364 pp., 4 Pls. Cordyceps myrmecophila Cesati, p. 31, Fig. 6; C. australis Spegazzini, p. 34; C. Sheeringii Massee, 76 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XV p. 35, Fig. 8; C. Lloyd Fawcett, p. 36, Fig. 9; Sporotrichum minimum Spegazzini, p. 37; Stilbum formicarum Cooke and Massee; ip. 38.)Pl a) iietnia: Fawcett, W. 1886. An entomogenous fungus. Ann. Mag.. Nat. Hist., (5), XVIII, pp. 316-318. Description of Cordyceps Lloydu from Camponotus atriceps, on the banks of the river Puruni, in British Guiana, p. 317, Fig.; also records of C. umi- lateralis on Camponotus atriceps, from Brazil, and on Echinopla melanarctos and Polyrhachis merops from Tondano, in the island o£ Celebes; p: 317. Hennings, P. 1902a. Einige neue Cordiceps-Arten aus Suri- nam. Hedwigia, XLI, pp. 167-169. Descriptions of Cordiceps subunilateralis and C. subdiscoidea, both from unidentified ants, at the confluence of the Para and the Surinam Rivers, Surinam, p. 168. 1902b. Fungi blumenavienses II a cl. Alfr. Moller lecti. Hedwigia, XLI, pp. 1-33. Cordiceps australis Spegazzini, on Pachycondyla striata from Blumenau, southern Brazil, p. Io. 1904a. Fungi amazonici I] a cl. Ernesto Ule collecti. Hed- wigia, XLIII, 4, pp. 242-273, Pl. IV. Description of Cordiceps proliferans, on Dinoponera grandis, from the river Jurua, Mar- mellos, Brazil, p. 248, Pl. IV, Fig. 6. 1904b. Ueber Cordiceps-Arten. Nerthus, Altona, VI, pp. 1-4, Pl. I.. Cordiceps subunilateralis, Pl. I, Fig. 9. Hohnel, F. v. 1909. Fragmente zur Mykologie, VI. Sitz. Ber. Ak. Wiss. Wien, math. naturw. K1., CXVIII, Abt. 1, pp. 275-452, Pl. Description of Cordyceps unilateralis var. javanica, on a Camponotus sp. from Batavia, Java, p. 305, Pl., Figs. a-h. Leidy, J. 1884. Ant infected with a fungus. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, XXXVI, p. 9. Ona fungus found on a dead Camponotus pennsylvanicus in Pennsylvania. Massee, G. 1891. A new Cordyceps. Ann. of Botany, V, pp. 510-511. Description of Cordyceps Sherringit, on an un- identified ant from Grenada, W. I., p. 510, Figs. 2-6 (on p. 509). 1895. A a PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor DR. J. BEQUAERT GEO. P. ENGELHARDT Published by the Society Price, 35 cents Subscription, $1.50 per year Mailed February 28, 1922 Entered as second-class matter January 21, 1919, at the postoffice at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879 The Brooklyn Entomological Society Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1921 Honorary President Treasurer EK. L. GRAEF G. P. ENGELHARDT President Central Museum W. it. DAVIS EASTERN PARKWAY Vice-President Librarian J. R. bE LA TORRE-BUENO ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS Corresponding Secretary Curator and GEORGE FRANCK Recording Secretary Delegate to Council of New York J. BEQUAERT Academy of Sciences HOWART) NOTMAN CONRENTS J NIB, IDIRGNGOUNPRILAY IEIROUNT IRILIOIRINDA, IDERYISccboocboscsueoss 109 CICIUNIDIBILAN ATRVAIN(OUMEBVAIRIUCA,, — IDENZISascocnonccoocubdssonccne III INCOME UM DEO C AUN) SAIRCOIIEUNGIIDAD, Raker ococsoocnsccecc 112 1ROOND) IEVAIBIINS) (OUR ING AIME, TBUSIWIME IMEI WNISISS 5 6nccnnnconccce 116 ONIINWE GID CUES Ole SVAIPIRIINIUS, Wolleattit..ccotcsnsccosccsscecs 119 RECEAS SI ELC AMIONT@H eNeeAwsiele ELE D) 7s Shannon eee 120 PARASITES OF EPARGYREUS TITYRUS, Bell................ 129 CIEINDECA DASCOSAEN SIS Daviess oe eee eee 130 ECOLOGICAL NOTES ON CYMATIA AMERICANA, Hussey.. 231 INOWE OW CWMIOS IDISCOIRS, Binet. scanodoacsecsccvonvcccvceoc 136 BO OK NOME S Meee 5 os.10 Sate. ete ays ee oes a oes See aa So 137 PRO CEE DENGSSON (DEE (SO Cisiiyeee c..s erg. cee oe eee 138 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society - Published in February, April, June, October and December of each year Subscription price, domestic, $1.50 per year; foreign, $1.60 in advance; single copies 35 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited. Au- thors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication. Address subscriptions and all communications to J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor, 11 North Broadway, White Plains, N. Y. BULLETIN BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SociETy. VOL. XVI. PLATE 1 1. Didymops transversa. 2. Didymops floridensis. BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY VoL. XVI DECEMBER, 1921 No. 5. A NEW DRAGONFLY FROM FLORIDA. By Wm. Tf. Davis, Staten Island, N. Y. In 1839 Say described Libellula transversa from a male sent to him from Massachusetts by Dr. Harris. He gives the length of the insect as two inches, and also states “ wings hyaline; basal cellula brown.” In the complete writings of Say on the Ento- mology of North America, 1859, Uhler states that the species was “Subsequently described as Epophthalmia cinnamomea Buim. Handb. 2. 2. 845: and Didymops servillei Ramb., Neuropt. 142.” Burmeister’s description of cinnamomea was made from a female collected in Carolina by Zimmermann, and covers what is now called transversa; he also mentions “ fuscous basal spot on each wing.” Rambur states that his Didymops servillii is almost the size of quadrimaculata but a little longer, that the wings are hyaline with a small reddish spot in front at the base. Rambur pro- posed the genus Didymops for servillii (= transversa), which genus is separated from his genus Macromia by having the occiput on the dorsal surface of the head more prominent and much larger than the vertex. In Genera Insectorum, Martin (1914) lists transversa under Macromia, together with nine species placed in that genus by American authors. In the writer’s collection there are two male dragonflies be- longing to a species that is close to Didymops transversa in structure and markings, but is larger and shows specific differ- ences. One of them was submitted to Mr. E. B. Williamson, who has very kindly loaned me twenty-one specimens of trans- versa from his collection, which, with fourteen from my own, 109 110 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI have constituted the material on which the following conclu- sions are based. Didymops floridensis n. sp. . Type, male. Lakeland, Florida, March 28, 1912 (Davis). Davis collection. Larger than transversa, and with a sharper front angle to the occiput. When the head is viewed in profile the post-clypeus is seen to be considerably sinuate at the ex- tremity ; in transversa there is no sinuation or only a feeble one. The abdominal appendages are about alike in both species, but in floridensis the close set hairs conspicuous on the terminal segments of the abdomen are very short, and about one half as long as in transversa. In the type and paratype of floridensts the lower part of the anal loop’ is straight and finally angled at the outer extremity, whereas in transversa the lower portion of the loop has generalls an even curve. In. transversa the first antecubital space is clouded wholly or in part in both front and hind wings; in floridensis these spaces are clear. In transversa the costa, the median vein, and at least the basal part of the submedian vein are brown or brownish, while in floridensis the venation is black or nearly so except the costa which is pale. In transversa the frons is brown or dark brown; in floridensts it is almost entirely shining black. In transversa the occiput is greeti- ish yellow and more broadly triangular than in floridensts where it is shining lemon yellow in color with the sides forming a more acute angle. The head is dull yellowish behind the eyes in transversa; in floridensis there is a long, narrow, shining black area chiefly above the tubercle, and extending to the occiput. The colors generally are more contrasting in floridensis than in transversa; the yellows are replaced by orange and the browns by black especially on the head. The abdomen widens out near the extremity in the same manner in both species; in both the appendages are nearly entirely pale in color, and except as indicated the spots and colors are also about the same in both. MEASUREMENTS IN MILLIMETERS. Male Type. Notalslemethie 25 Wecesatea sericico. ol oe Re ere ace aaa 65 Wadthvor tbeadvacrossieyese rnc ieee ciericiin 10 Lenstheot abdomeniess Ss acene cathe ne oo caus cheney 46 Dec., 1921 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society alitil [en SthOmeLroOntawiinoun. "ee chal na ee ee ee. 40 Menethrok tron, tibiad.t..hrer rad ioe teeioe te ce att: 8 ILS Ort MUNG VSAM oc done sen ebocesonhocuccoouenss 13 The measurements of the male paratype, collected at the same time and place, are almost exactly those of the type. The large size, the narrow occiput, the shining black areas behind the eyes, and the clear antecubital areas of both pairs of wings of floridensis will readily separate it from transversa. CICINDELA TRANQUEBARICA AND ITS HABITS. ~ lease WG ID, IDANaIS,, Sieanueral Isilvavl, IN. NY, Cicindela tranquebarica was observed at Coram, Long Island, on the farm of Benjamin Still, situated in the sandy district about a mile north of the village, on September 19, 1920. About four o’clock in the afternoon I selected a particular Cicindela tranquebarica on the sandy wood-road in the pines west of the house and commenced to watch it. It often ran about at considerable speed, would occasionally capture a small insect, and anon would remain quiet for a considerable time. Only once did it fly, at which time it changed its position about 20 feet to the west. Once it ran up to my shoe as I sat on the carpet of bear-berry vines by the side of the path. It started to dig a hole at the side of the path, but quit after working four minutes. Later it found a depression in the sand caused by the foot of a horse and commenced to dig a second hole at that part of the depression presenting a perpendicular face about one and one-half inches high. The beetle worked fifteen minutes, making a tunnel with its head in the hole and throwing out the sand with its legs. Then it turned about and backed into the hole, but did not close up the mouth of the tunnel; its head and mandibles were visible near the entrance. This wasat 4.55 P.M. I secured a straw and gently poked the beetle, which would open its mandibles and fight back. I went away after teasing it a while and left it to its night’s repose. 112 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI NORTH AMERICAN SARCOPHAGIDAE: A NEW GENUS AND SEVERAL NEW SPECIES FROM THE SOUTH- WEST UNITED STATES. By R. R. Parker, Bozeman, Mont. (Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Mon- tana State College, Bozeman, Mont.) Sabinata new genus. Genotype: Sabinata catalina n. sp. Figures 1 to 5. Vestiture of head black except for a few whitish hairs beneath foramen (seen only with difficulty) ; under sides of all femora with very long dense hairs (¥ only) ; ventral rows of bristles lacking on all femora (¢ only) ; at least middle and hind tibiae with double beards (¢ only) ; anterior tibia with two bristles on distal half of posterior face; scutellar bridge naked; anterior dorsocentrals and acrostichals pres- ent; four pairs posterior dorsocentrals; apical bristles ab- sent; ventral plates large and extending posteriorly beyond edge of their respective nota; first genital segment with mar- ginal bristles; accessory plates abnormally developed. Besides the characters noted above, the greater ocellars are unusually strong, and the next to the uppermost pair of frontal bristles is bent forward (away from uppermost pair) in the males of the three known species. The second and third ventral plates are large and almost square; the third is more elongate. Some specimens have a single very slender hair-like bristle in the center of the posterior edge of the scutellum; others show possible ves- tiges of a pair of apical bristles. Sabinata catalina n. sp. Holotype (male): U. S. N. M.; allotype (female): U. S. N.M. Length: 8 to 13 mm. Male.—Parafrontals, genae and transverse impressions sil- very to lead gray; third antennal segment two to two and one-half times length of second; lateral verticals well de- veloped; first and third veins with bristles; in larger speci- mens anterior tibia with posterior beard; in small specimens with at least some long beard-like hairs toward distal end; prescutellar acrostichals much weaker than other bristles of mesonotum; three pairs of scutellar marginals; posterior Dec., 1921 Bylletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 113 margin of fourth abdominal notum with two definite rows of bristles, the anterior row with the stronger bristles; genital segments of dull orange ground color with darker poll:nose areas; vestiture of second segment the longer; first segment much broader than second, latter quite shallow and with its distal surface longer than its proximal portion, anal area extended back toward anterior edge of segment as a long, narrow band of membrane; forceps prong with greatly ex- panded base, distal portion bare, slender, in profile bent for- ward at right angle to base, then recurved, tip abruptly bent forward beak-like; from rear prongs beyond bases first di- vergent, then approximated leaving aperture; in profile distal part of forceps concealed by expanded portion of accessory plate; latter very large with smaller, hollow, proximal, stem- like, basal portion that opens on interior (opening not easily seen) and with greatly expanded distal portion that bears a prominent fringe of long, dull orange, coarse flexible “ hairs.” Female —Has essential non-secondary sexual characters of male. Third antennal segment unusually large and broad. First genital notum of normal form and of brownish color. Described from 12 male and 3 female specimens. RANGE.—United States: Arizona—S. Catalina Mts., Sabina Basin, Aug. 18, 24, 25, 26, 28 (allotype), Sept. 6, 8 (holotype), Wen (il gs ©), Aoco tt (@ mew @ownsend)), Mexico, Guanajuato (1¢), (A. Dugés). Sabinata arizonica n. sp. Figures 6 to 9. Holotype (male): U.S. N. M. Length: 10 to 11 mm. Male—Parafrontals, genae and transverse impressions sil- very gray; third antennal segment at least twice length of second ; gena with group (not row) of slender bristles above transverse impression near lower eye orbit; lateral verticals differentiated, but weak: only third vein with bristles; ante- rior tibia without even suggestion of a beard; prescutellar acrostichals fairly well developed; at least four pairs of scutel- lar marginals, three of them near apex; marginal bristles of fourth abdominal notum only appearing to be in two rows laterally ; genital segment dull orange, first whitish or yel- lowish pollinose posteriorly, vestiture of first about length of that of second; latter much the smaller, anal area with taper- ing extension toward anterior margin of segment; forceps prong with greatly expanded base, in profile distal portion bent at right angle to base, tip expanded, seen from rear distal portion of each prong tapers to expanded tip and has 114 = Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI some hairs on lateral edge, small aperture visible between prongs; accessory plate elongate, linear, and flat-tubular; posterior claspers as in catalina; penis specific, but very simi- lar to that of aldrichi. Described from 2 male specimens. RANGE.—4rizona (holotype)—New Merico: Hell Canyon, Depts 10, s1OL0.7 200 (Cah dE aWWownsend)s The copulatory organ of this species is practically the same as that of S. aldrichi n. sp. The latter is much the smaller species. Sabinata aldrichi n. sp. Figures 10 to 14. Holotype (male): U.S. N. M. Length: 8 to 9 mm. The male of this species is very similar to that of S. arizonica. The penes are much alike, but aldrichi is a much smaller species. In aldrichi the slender bristles on lower part of gena near lower eye orbit are in a row, not grouped; there are three pairs of scutellar marginals instead of at least four; the upward extension of the anal area is less prominent; the forceps prongs are more slender and the fifth ventral plate is diagnostic (see figure 12). Described from 3 male specimens. RANGE.—California—Los Angeles County, July, 2 ¢ (holo- type) svt owe, July 3, 1917, 1 aca Vie eAlldinicln): List oF FIGURES. Fic. 1. S. catalina n. sp., posterior view of anal segments, show- ing anal area and greater width of first segment. Fic. 2. S. catalina n. sp., profile view of genital segments: note shape of second segment. Fic. 3. S. catalina n. sp., profile view of accessory plate and forceps prong. Fic. 4. S. catalina n. sp., claspers. IGS Sa Oa GOUGINID Ta. SD, (DEMS. Fic. 6. S. arigzonica n. sp., posterior view of anal area, forceps and accessory plates. Fic. 7. S. arizgonica n. sp., fifth ventral plate. Fie. 8. S. arigonica n. sp., accessory plate, profile view. Fic. 9. S. arigonica n. sp., anterior clasper. Fic. 10. S. aldrichi n. sp., claspers. FIG) ti Se aldjicimnessps epenis. Fic. 12. S. aldrichi un. sp., fifth ventral plate. Dec. 192t Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 115 Fre. 13. S. aldrichi n. sp., profile view of second genital seg- ment. Fic. 14. S. aldrichi n. sp., posterior view of end parts of forceps prongs. Lun. 3148 eo @ We P P Bie 98 Sigs Sega ABBREVIATIONS ON PLATE. aa. anal area. gsi. first genital segment. ac. anterior clasper. gs2. second genital segment. ap. accessory plate. lups. fifth ventral plate. f. forceps. n4. fourth notum. bf. base of forceps. p. penis. pe. posterior clasper. 116 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI A SUMMARY OF THE FOOD HABITS OF NORTH AMERICAN HEMIPTERA. By Harry B. Wetss, New Brunswick, N. J. the Hemiptera, which are without exception sucking insects, exhibit some diversity in food habits, and it is the purpose of this paper to call attention to these in a very brief and general way. Compared with other orders of insects, the Hemiptera have never been favorite subjects for study, and detailed information about many species is lacking. In the table which follows the family food habits only have been indicated, and as a rule these have been based mainly on the activities of a comparatively few mem- bers. The figures referring to the number of species in each family were obtained from Van Duzee’s “ Catalogue of the Hemi- ptera of America North of Mexico.” This catalogue does not include the Aphididae, Coccidae and’ Aleurodidae, and such fam- ilies are not considered in the present paper. HEMIPTERA. Family. No. species. Habits. Semtellenidae) J... <0: ter 26 Feed on vegetation, probably many are predaceous. CGC Je ate. eemenetene 45 In sand and mud banks; on vegetation. Pentatonidaes.c.......: 164 Varied; predaceous; mostly plant feeders. COreidac mers iss eo 5s 124 Plant feeders. Neadidae: eckson. Ss 59 On fungi, under bark, fungivo- rous? INeididae’ % 33cm 8 Plant feeders. eyeaeidae -... «e-toc 187 Plant feeders; some may be pre- daceous. Pyrrhocoridae: =e 22 Plant feeders; some predaceous forms. Tineididae 2.) = .255 eer 47 Plant feeders. Enicocephalidae ........ 2 Predaceous. Phymatidac peas. sea 12 Predaceous. Reduvinidaew.q..5. 52a 113. Predaceous. Dec., 1921 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society lelniclaewee ese cls sels: 4 MieSoveltidaie:< se... «4/2. I INalbitGlaee generac. os 21 Miers OMICIGaley wes on Montes ls: 3 4 PNMEMOCORICAVC ere eine = 6 34 itermatophylidae 25. 4.2: I iMiGieidaen ee ata vgs ic Sei: 398 iRsemetopidaies scsi ceaek. 4 Dipsocoridacsn owe .ts ae sc 3 Schizoptenidac a4. 5.2. I ielydrometrdaey sk)... 2 Grenridaeiyes ity hel iy as 18 Welit@actnen th yee came 15 Saldidaenmguct sein cke. 32 iNotonectidaes {hee a: 18 iINauiconidade n.8 ac 1a Niemidacr tad shenen ® Ongun a 8 ibelostonidaey mins a. - 20 Gelastocandacs 55... 5 @ehtertdae 320 i 2 eek 3 Conpadac en 2 se hss, 55 Gicadidaeten aes tirtie te 74 Cencopidae: me ais oie 25 Mienibracidae s.)a. 60. 185 Gicadellidaete i... ta 698 Mulsontdaewui any auce aes 357 Gherimidae, Ui oe ese. 17, 147 Found in wet places; predatory. Predatory. Predaceous. On blood of birds, bats, man. Mostly predatory. 5) lant feeders. Found in shaded situations. 3) Found by sifting leaves, rubbish, etc. Aquatic; predatory. Aquatic; predatory. Like those of Gerridae. On shores of rivers, etc.; pre- daceous. Aquatic; predatory. Aquatic ; predatory. Aquatic; predatory. Aquatic; predatory. Predatory. Predatory. Aquatic ; vegetable feeders (pre- datory ?). Plant feeders. Plant feeders. Plant feeders. Plant feeders. Plant feeders. Plant feeders. The families and species in the above table can be roughly grouped, according to their food habits, about as follows: No. families. PlivtopMaecOuUss a4. ane 17 Harpactophagous ... 17 Puta panasitess sey ot Evabits obscures... 4 39 No. species. 2,611 321 4 9 2,945 Per cent. of total. 89 II 100 On account of the large percentage which is phytophagous it is easily understood why the economic status of the order is impor- 118 =Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI tant. With the inclusion of the Aphididae, Coccidae and Aleuro- didae, this figure would be considerably higher. While most of these forms confine their activities to relatively unimportant plants, many are potential pests and some have attained promi- nence as serious enemies of agriculture. Of saprophagous forms, the order is practically barren. The predatory species are fairly numerous, the percentage of these being about 11. These species appear to be important only in a limited way, and while their activities help to preserve a natural balance between certain groups, as a whole they lack elasticity, and do not, on account of their limited powers of reproduction, respond to any sudden increases in phytophagous forms. Be- yond a certain point it is useless to expect more from them; on the other hand, the aquatic forms are a potential danger to fish hatcheries. . The four species listed as animal parasites consist of the well- known bed-bug and its relatives which frequent birds and bats. As a whole the food habits of the Hemiptera do not show as much variation as those of the Coleoptera. In this latter order about 26 per cent. of the species is phytophagous, 44 per cent. saprophagous and 27 per cent. harpactophagous. In other words, over 70 per cent. of the species of Coleoptera appear to be en- gaged in useful activities, while most of the Hemiptera are feeders upon the higher plants. I am indebted to Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno for information concerning the habits of the members of certain of the obscure’ families. Our readers are invited to send in brief biological notes to fill small spaces like this. Dec., 1921 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society i. SSIS A NEW SPECIES OF SAPRINUS FROM KANSAS (COLEOPTERA). By A. B. Wo tcort, Chicago, IIl. The following described species is the largest of any yet described and although recognized as undescribed when first received, the writer delayed publication of the description in the hope that it might be made known from more abundant material. Saprinus gigas sp. nov. Broadly oval, strongly convex, black, highly polished, tarsi rufescent. Head nearly flat, coarsely, rather sparsely punctate, the occiput and sides more sparsely so; marginal stric entire, united with transverse frontal stria. Prothorax a little less than twice as wide as long; sides strongly convergent, nearly straight in basal two-thirds; broadly rounded in apical third; marginal stria fine, distinct, not quite reaching the base; disk very mi- nutely and sparsely punctate, abruptly becoming coarsely, rather densely punctate broadly, laterally and narrowly along basal margin except at middle. El ytra distinctly wider near base and one-half longer than the prothorax, distinctly wider than long; strie as in lugens, except that they are impunctate, the dorsals more strongly arcuate and these with the sutural much longer, the latter very nearly attaining the base; the first dorsal with three uneven internal appendages, extending to the middle, the second and third equal, extending to apical third, the fourth slightly shorter, distinctly arched at base and obsoletely joining the sutural; punctures coarse, dense, longitudinally subcoales- cent in apical three-fifths near the suture, in apical third at third dorsal, and latterly extending narrowly along the outer sub- humeral to base. Propygidium short, five times as wide as long, coarsely rather sparsely punctate, feebly subcarinate in the middle; pygidium feebly convex, strongly carinate in the middle, coarsely spatsely punctate, becoming gradually finer and denser toward the apex. Prosternum moderately convex; striz nearly as in lugens but with the apical portion much longer and more strongly ascending, subapical foveze wanting. Anterior tibie with eight or nine erect, subacute teeth becoming much longer and stronger toward the apex. Length 9.25 mm.; width 6.00 mm. Salina, Kansas, collected by Mr. Warren Knaus, by whom it was kindly given to me. 120 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI Allied to S. lugens Erichson, but differing from that in many’ details of structure aside from its much greater size. The prin- cipal distinguishing characters are the longer elytral striz, the less extensive punctate area of elytra, the much more polished surface and strongly carinate pygidium. The pronotum is very deeply impressed each side near apical angles. A RECLASSIFICATION OF THE SUBFAMILIES AND GEN- ERA OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SYRPHIDAE. By RaymMonp C. SHANNON, Bureau of Entomology. (Published by permission of Chief of Bureau of Entomology.) (Continued from p. 72.) ; The Syrphinae are the most important group, economically, of the Syrphidae; also the one most in need of thorough revision. In the course of a revision of this proup the first splitting of the genera may have to be made on the character of the beading of the lateral margins of the abdomen. The genus Chrysotorum illustrates this character best. However, it will be only by a care- ful consideration of the species that better definitions for the genera will be arrived at. TABLE OF TRIBES AND GENERA OF SYRPHINZA. 1. Face and scutellum entirely eneous or black; lateral margin of abdomen never beaded; costa ending at or slightly be- VOM ME MOMMVAIS i. 5. sake Tribe Melanostomini 2.1 Face, or scutellum, usually both, at least in part yellow ;? lateral margins of abdomen more or less beaded (except in Baccha, Paragus, Allograpta and about one half.the ‘ species of Syrphus); costa frequently ending before tip Of Wing, miOkemmdnelyeat Or beyond sentra eres 4. 1 Contains feebly characterized genera. * Certain species of Syrphus, S. macularis for example, may be confused with Melanostomini because of blackish face and scutellum. Dec., 1921 Bylletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 121 2. Wings shorter than abdomen; abdomen depressed, long- elliptical; front and middle tarsi elaborately developed. Pyrophena.* NWainegulonsenpsaan abdomen |...) 0. oases yar see Be Zep comemmioiceasienderim beth Sexes)... 3.25... Melanostoma. Front tibiz and tarsi of male dilated; those of female slightly WGSNSG 2o8 Sis ease mic oo Oe TORN ge gene arr Platychirus. 4. Long pilose species; face protruding; scutellum yellow; squamz blackish; basal half of abdomen partly yellow and greenish zneous, clothed with yellow pile; posterior half shining black and with black pile ...... Leucogona. Badveclothediwathcionempile mn tisciy aac. + ~- 2 -- 5- 5. Face less than one third the width of head; mesonotum and abdomen rarely with yellow markings .............. 6. Face usually wider than one third the width of head; ab- domen and frequently thorax with bright yellow mark- MOS ighh ces ie Asay ee Sot nica. oP) alate aR Oe Tribe Syrphini 7. 6. Elongate, usually very slender, species; eyes bare; costa ending at, or slightly beyond, tip of wing. (Bacchini =Ocyptamus, Baccha, Salpingogaster) ........ Baccha. Small, robust species with pilose eyes; costa ending before PS Ole WINE. asia lie eat cents pene eee weds lees iiss: Paragus. 7. Sixth abdominal segment (hypopygium) of male as long as the two preceding ones together, cylindrical; fifth seg- ment of female one half as long as preceding. Eupeodes. Hypopygium of male not protruding; fifth segment of fe- male one third, or one fourth as long as preceding . nace 8. Head very large, frons inflated, surface of wings with scarcely a trace of villi except in subcostal cell. (Cata- TOLD Wenn Ss OS Sho beara GE es is eee Sceva. leads normal) wineseclothed with villi... ....>- 3505 e. Q. 9. Antenne very elongate, about six times as long as broad. C, hryso toxumt. Antenne less than three times as long as broad ....... 10. 10. Third longitudinal vein deeply constricted into discal cell. Didea. $ Melanostoma kelloggi has Pyrophena type abdomen but has simple tarsi. 122 = Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI Third longitudinal vein straight or with a gentle downward CUTVS etic ahd 6 DE ee Sie oe Ur rer eco glee ir. Lateral margins of mesonotum not marked with bright yel- LOWY Fs 2 nitcinvanans tae eee eae RRO Oty oe ee Syrphus.4 Lateral margins of mesonotum more or less bright yel- HOW? "s. 2a Sek ae eens he LE Tae tec ce 1B. 12. Posterior margin of mouth and the metapleura blackish ZENE O USBI Me ShcA cance Snlees SRee eeen ee Region behind mouth bright yellow; metapleura usually Irigaray Cllonw.s... Sash te., aa ask i teenta tats 0 Son Gaara 14. 13. Hind femora of male thickened and arcuate, tibie arcuate and dilated at tip; hind femora of female posteriorly Trin, NB Yealeah jonas sy 5c0cobtcaboc nen b ac Toxomerus. Hind femora and sfibie of male normal, hind tibize of female entirely yellow, rarely (var. boscii) with blackened ring POSH MOGlva yee: ere arch Sty fon Ft Mesogramma. 14. Anterior margin of wings brownish; abdomen narrow, cylin- TS CEU class ude ic, SGU CEES te ts Doros. 15. Eyes of male above with an area of enlarged facets; fourth segment of abdomen, in both sexes, with two median yel- low stripes and oblique side-spots .......... Allograpta. Eyes of male normal; fourth abdominal segment not sa INE (580... wget SAL RR ee aad conan ici ee 16. 16. Face projecting below; slender species ..... Spherophoria. Face receding ; abdomen broadly oval ..... Xanthogramma. NAUSIGASTERINZE, new subfamily. In many respects this is the most aberrant subfamily (only one genus) of the Syrphide found in North America. It offers the following unique characters which at the same time show a remarkable instance of parallel development with a group be- longing to the Hymenoptera, the Chrysidide. *Syrphus ribesi is here considered as possessing the “type structure” for Syrphine. Dec. 192t Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 123 As in Chrysidide, the abdomen of Nausigaster is composed of four visible segments (sometimes three in Chrysidide). It is rimmed with a projecting edge and can be doubled under and against the thorax, enclosing the ventral aspect of the lat- ter; all of the chitinous parts of the body are thickly punctured and have a metallic reflection; a scale-like projection of the thorax is present near the base of the wing. The wing venation is fairly similar to that of the Chilosinze except for the almost complete absence of the anal furrow. MICRODONTINA. TABLE OF GENERA OF MICRODONTINZ. 1. Third vein with an adventitious branch extending downward into the discal cell 26080 nosso cos coco sc eouaaES 2: Third vein simple; abdomen spatulate ........ Mixogaster. 2. Abdomen spatulate, face swollen and prominent below. Rhopalosyrphus. Abdomen ovate or with parallel sides; face gently arched; CATS! GOMs BNC! CRISS 4 oacncacccoccoc cos Microdon. CHILOSINAS, new subfamily, This subfamily merges into the Xylotine, through Myiolepta, Brachyopa, et al., so gradually that it is with some difficulty separated therefrom. However, for practical purposes, the old character of the position of the discal crossvein works very satisfactorily. These subfamilies are the last to appear in the table of subfamilies and by having the other groups excluded, the matter of separating these two is fairly simple. Several species of Cynorrhina (Xylotine), C. pictipes and nigra, because of the position of the discal crossvein, are treated in the table of Chilosine. On the other hand the genus Fer- dinandea, apparently very closely related to Chilosia, appears in the table of Xylotine, because the discal crossvein joins the dis- cal cell at, or beyond, the middle. TABLE OF GENERA OF CHILOSINZ. 1. Alula greatly reduced, being narrower than the second basal cell; anal furrow very short or absent; abdomen either 124 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI constricted basally, or the third antennal joint greatly en- larged; males dichoptic. (Sphegint and Pelecocerint) 14. Alula broader than second basal cell; anal furrow distinct and of normal length; males holoptic except in Chal- COMYIG LOE A lee ane 2 2. Face entirely black (Chilosint, in general ) ner od 3. Face more or less yellow (gray in Brachyopa vacua). (Brachyopins, im general): 22-406 eee eee Q. 3. Oral opening broadly oval and without indentations; face very gently and evenly convexed, completely clothed with rather long, loose pile .........-+ +s see eee Pipiza. Oral opening irregular in outline, having a dorsally directed indentation at ‘the POM’ GAOT 2)... sede eae nee 4. 4. A ademmes very elongate, with a terminal style .... Callicera. Antenne of normal length and with dorsal arista ...... 5- 5. Face flat® with the epistoma protruding anteriorly ...... 6. Face either tuberculate (Chilosia type) or concave (Xylota (ey Dio) aeerdeeiees aoe rege yA eoid So tac ele oss Sera canta Fc 6. Abdomen inflated, the disc shining; face and frons without transverse wrinkles; rather pilose species ...... Psilota. Abdomen depressed, the disc flat and dull; face and frons usually with transverse wrinkles; pile very short and SIC71 Oia ae ae ihe Pac oye mle umn NEla 3 4.6 Chrysogaster. 7. Fourth vein joining the third much before the wing margin ; a chitinous projection extending from the face upwards _ between the antennz to join a similar downward projec- tion of the frons; face tuberculate in both sexes; arista frequently more or less plumose. Many species bearing pistes yonmb@rax \< io) Soo ais see ee eel Chilosia. Fourth vein joining third at a very acute angle close to wing margin; space between antennz pale and membranous; arista, bare wenomstles on thorax sass eee 8. _ *Certain males of Chrysogaster have a very small central ‘nob but these can easily be placed. generically by the fiat. dull disc of the abdomen. Dec., 1921 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 125 8. IO. Il. {2 13) T4. 16. Scutellum unusually large, nearly quadrate; males dichop- RICE MACENCOMCAVIC) a stv... ./.. Men catamaions Chalcomyia. Scutellum normal; males holoptic; face concave in the fe- imicleswmannberculate) imeimales) ...07). 3.2294. e Myniolepta. . Body clothed with scattered, yellowish-white, scale-like ap- pressed pile; face with a broad yellow stripe on each SCC Mea O CR en ROE LNteair a os 5 Eumytolepta, new genus. il ewonmnOrndalestniChinemm ers ea 6 os Ak awe oe oe 10. Epistoma produced into a long porrect snout; costal vein continued well beyond apex of wing; the usual hairs on the base of the costa reduced to minute spines .. Rhingia. Epistoma notsproduced: snoutlike. ete). /3,2......... 1G, Thorax bearing distinct bristles; arista plumose ....... 12 Thorax not bearing differentiated bristles; arista bare .. 13. Color largely black, face and sometimes humeri and scutel- lum more or less yellow; general shape of head broadly oval. (Females of several species of Chilosia.) Color ferruginous; head triangular .... Hammerschmidtia. { Antenne placed below middle of head; costa ending at or slightly beyond tipko tl wittem renee sees Brachyopa. Antenne placed above middle of head; costa ends before reaching tip of wing .. (Cynorrhina pictipes and nigra.) Third antennal joint greatly enlarged. (Pelecocerini) .. 16. Third antennal joint of normal size. (Spheginini) .... 15. . Arista shorter than antennz; epistoma produced downwards, Ia pLOMle so emblyaCOnCaven sriaalaas. c's lhl s+ - Neoascia. Arista longer than antennz; epistoma produced anteriorly, face im) pronle: deeplymconeave 225... ..... +. 42 Sphegina. uitennasawatly loRsalmatsstae cise 62. 46 2 < Chameosyrphus. JASaleerMae), WieANal WSramaNEO Sel eae iene e Pelecocera. SERICOMYINZ, new subfamily. The Sericomyinz, at first glance, form a rather heterogeneous group. However the long plumose arista and the unequal de- velopment of the posterior claspers of the genitalia indicate a mutual relationship. Due to the heterogeneous characters of 426 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI this group it is not sharply definable on external characters. It is necessary to use the characters given in the table in order to retain Arctophila flagrans in the genus; should the loop in the third vein be considered of prime importance this species would have to be placed in the Eristaline and a new genus would have to be erected. Obviously this would be an error. TABLE OF GENERA OF SERICOMYINA. I. Short pilose species; abdomen with bright yellow mark- TINGS Pry eetsie, ss hat cuca de autre Beto epee 2) co) Long pilose species; no yellow ground markings on abdo- Lgl sh Pe aero EAT Mca RM ER DAN e.g Bs 2. Post alar callus and margin of scutellum with rather short, stout bristles; third vein with a deep loop into discal cell. | Condidea. Thorax without bristles; third vein at most with only a SSMS GOA! CWAVE ooaconcoscsceveo se Sericomyia. 3. Thorax and abdomen with more or less yellow pile; face not unusually broad vor swollent see. ese. sean Arctophila. Pile entirely brownish; face unusually broad and swollen. Pyritis. WOLIOCISILILIONEAD, Another character of the Volucellinze which may be well to note is the condition of the anterior corners of the abdomen due to the unusual broadness of the squame. The squame extend posteriorly as far as the second tergite. Below the squame the first tergite is greatly depressed, sometimes forming a trench- like groove, and at the same time this area is either bare or possesses pile much shorter than on the posterior corners of the second tergite. This character is also present in several genera of the Eristaline and may be seen to good advantage in Mallota and Meromacrus. It may be of value to further divide genera and species in these subfamilies. TABLE OF GENERA OF VOLUCELLINZ. 1, Arista very densely plumose, appearing as a solid mass, the aielsia) MESelkc WICISMEG “sdegoececcoosoc0se Copestylum. Arista loosely spluimOsegisam a: - saps nie et fe case 2. Dec., 1921 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 127 2. Hairs of arista retrosse; males dichoptic (Tropical; included ine) WAV alllhisieoyarey IMIEKaIIN) oc dcccosse oo be Megametopon. Hairs of arista not retrosse; males holoptic ...... V olucella. ERISTALINAS. The characters given in the table of subfamilies sharply sepa- rate the Eristalinee from the Xylotine; two groups which for- merly were not considered separable because of such genera as Tropidia, Syritta, Pterallastes and Teuchocnemis which were thought to be intermediate. The long pile on the face and frons is characteristic of the Eristaline, while typical genera of the Xylotinz have the face bare, except for some scattered hairs along the eye margins. Further, in the males of Xylotine the frons is bare while the females have a broad bare space above the antennz. ; The genera included in this subfamily are easily distinguished except in the Helophilim. However even in this tribe there are several good characters that can be used to divide them into several groups and an attempt has been made here to split the group. This arrangement is by no means final. Polydontomyia (=Triodonta) has been considered congeneric with Pterallastes (Xylotine). The distribution of the pile on the head and the dichoptic male easily locates it in the Helo- plilin. A discussion of the squamee and the first tergite is given in the remarks under Volucelline. TABLE OF GENERA OF ERISTALINZ. 1. Marginal cell closed Meatroinal cell: opener otitis Sone. 2 Ss + ateeaaneors Be 2. The bright yellow markings on the occiput, thorax and ab- domen formed by tomentum; all the femora spinose be- neath; facq rather evenly hollowed, somewhat of the WORE SAKE at, orci Bo Gre See ER ee Meromacrus. Pile thin and normal in structure; fore femora, at- least, without spines; face hollowed beneath antenne then TAUSEG OB. DrCMMIMENCS LBaawenssccccscceavs Eristalis. 3. Densely pilose species of bumble-bee appearance ....... Thinly pilose, not bumble-bee-like; males dichoptic (Helo. DIED eae eh aol Roos eee hee AN Le Bao 5 6 by 128 = Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI 4. Face in profile evenly hollowed; arista shorter than anten- ne; upper edge of third antennal joint with groove-lik: impressions, apparently formed to receive the arista. Merodon. Head of Eristalis type; arista distinctly longer than anten- ne, third antennal joint wna groove-like impression. Mallota. 5. No stigmatical crossvein; epaulet at base of costa broad and clothed with mostly yellowish hairs; squamz broad, bordered by dense, straight cilia; abdomen broad with yellow markings. (H. similis sroup : H. similis, lati- frons, dychei, borealis, pendula of Eu.; and probably gla- Clas wana \groenlandicns erase ee Helophilus. Stigmatical crossvein prescitee nae ne eee 6. 6. Large robust species, about 17 mm.; hind tibiz of both sexes arcuate; sides of second tergite of female folding down- wards, covering the membranous tissue at sides of second sternite; abdomen of male narrowing posteriorly (P. CUTUUPCSI SOs. ai lete i Samana ame a Polydontomyia. Smaller species, either 11 mm. or less and broad, or 12-14 mm. and slender ; hind tibiz straight or gently arcuate ... 7. 7. Ocelli widely separated in both sexes; mesonotum with very indistinct stripes; pleuree and all femora shining black; squamal cilia unbranched; broad species. (A. mexicanus | BONG MCL Merce: clo as SR oS sd Asemosyrphus. Ocal men unusually dartapart-..0 40a eee eee 8. 8. Slender species; squamal cilia branched. (H. chrysostomus CUNGMO DSIIEGELES)) 10 AS ciaa din out ea os ERO Helophilus. The remainder: hamatus, conostoma, porcus, modestus, in- teger, letus, bilinearis, lunulatus, etc., are of several types more easily recognized by habitus than otherwise. (Continued in February number.) Wantep—Brief notes to fill such spaces as these.—ED. Dec., 1921 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 129 NOTES ON PARASITES OF EPARGYREUS TITYRUS FABRICIUS. IBY 12. IE. Isis lieiclarrarsy IN NC A considerable number of larve of Epargyreus tityrus Fa- bricius were collected at Flushing, N. Y., during the latter part of September, 1920, in an endeavor to obtain some of the para- sites of this species of butterfly. One of the larve died and dropped from its nest of leaves of the locust tree and in its place there were a number of small, fuzzy, white cocoons. These cocoons were placed in a cloth covered jelly glass with a little sand in the bottom and a few small sticks placed up- right for the insects to crawl on upon emergence, and kept in a warm room. About once in two weeks a little water was poured on the cloth covering the top of the glass which, of course, went through and slightly moistened the sand in the bottom. The adults began to emerge from the cocoons on December 22, thirteen emerging that day, twelve on December 23, two on December 24, two on December 25, one on December 26, two on December 27, four on December 28, two on December 29, and one on January 2, a total of thirty-nine. They did not seem to care to crawl up on the sticks placed in the glass for that purpose, but seemed to prefer to crawl up on the side of the glass just above the sand or to remain on the sand itself. They made no attempt to fly when disturbed but merely dropped off the side of the glass or ran down to the sand. Several more clusters of these cocoons of the parasite were found with- in the cocoons spun by the ftityrus larve in the sphagnum moss at the bottom of the breeding cage, the larvee having been destroyed after spinning the cocoons, but before pupation. These parasites proved to be Apanteles argynnidis, described by ©. V. Riley in Scudder’s Butterflies of New England, 1889, Volume 3, page 1904, bred from Argynnis cybele Fabricius, by W. H. Edwards. 130 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI NOTE ON CICINDELA TASCOSAENSIS. By Wm. T. Davis, Staten Island, N. Y. This tiger-beetle was described in the BULLETIN OF THE BROOK- LYN ENTOMOLOGICAL Society for April, 1918. In 1920 a speci- men was sent to Dr. Walter Horn, of Berlin, Germany, and under date of November 21, 1920, he wrote as follows: “ Many thanks for your favor of October 30, and the fine specimen of your C. tascosaensis and its description. 1 was quite astonished to see that it is really the same as my C. roseiventris subspecies linearis. That is a very strange case of geographical distribution! Texas and Costa Rica! Hardly to be understood, but about the exact locality of my subspecies linearis there is no doubt at all, and I have full confidence that your locality is also quite exact.” Upon receipt of the above a letter of inquiry, in which the in- formation received from Dr. Horn was mentioned, was addressed to Miss Mildred McGill, of Tascosa, Oldham Co., northern Texas. She replied under date of December 21, 1920, that she remem- bered well collecting the tiger-beetles. Her letter continues as — follows: “It does seem strange that they would be found in locali- ties as far apart, and this part of the country is so far from the coast, though the altitude may be similar. The elevation here is 3,177 feet. You can see from the house the place where I cap- tured the tiger-beetles. It is about a mile or a little more... . I chased them around on the sandy, grassy spots of the ground, and on the wide floors of white sand rocks. This year I thought sure I would capture some tascosaensis again, but at the time they should have been flying I was so very busy with Post Office work I could not get out and look for them.” Dec., 1921 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 131 ECOLOGICAL NOTES ON CYMATIA AMERICANA (CORIXIDAE, HEMIPTERA). By Rotanp F. Hussey, Forest Hills, Mass. (Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Bussey Institution, Harvard University, No. 189, and from the Ento- mological Laboratories of the University of Minnesota. ) I. A REMARKABLE MopE oF HIBERNATION. The hibernation of the waterbugs is a peculiarly interesting subject, and one about which comparatively little is known as yet. Certain species, notably the surface-dwelling forms, pass the winter under logs, mats of grass, and other debris at the mar- gins of the ponds and streams on which they are found during the summer. It seems that they must certainly endure temperatures far below the freezing point, especially in the more northern parts of their ranges. The truly aquatic forms, living in the open water, are commonly reported to hibernate deep in the mud at the bottom of the ponds; and here the temperature probably never goes below the freezing point in normal winters. To these two types of hibernation may be added a third, to be described below, which is truly unique: here the bugs pass the © winter sealed in small cavities in the ice which covers the ponds in which they dwell in summer. This peculiar mode of wintering was observed at a small pond at the northeast corner of the Uni- , versity Golf Links, a little over half a mile north of the Univer- sity of Minnesota Farm School in St. Paul. This pond is roughly trapezoidal, about 75 yards long and 40 yards wide at its widest point. A roadway has been built through the pond, cutting off a small part near the south end. The bottom is very soft mud, and, especially in the larger part, the pond has only a very scant growth of, aquatic vegetation. Collections made here in September and October of 1918 showed the hemipterous fauna of these ponds to be fairly typical of the north-central United States. Various species of Corixide were found to be the most numerous of the waterbugs, and most 132 = Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI ‘abundant of these was Cymatia americana Hussey. In connec- tion with the description (BULL. BrooKL. ENT. Soc., xv, p. 82, 1920) of this species, I noted that it had been found hibernating in a very peculiar situation, and stated that further investigation of this habit was planned. However, owing to the great scarcity of material during the following winter, I was unable to carry my studies further; and as I am no longer located in a region where this species occurs, it seems advisable to publish the data which I have. On January 15, 1919, I went to these ponds for the purpose of obtaining specimens of Buenoa margaritacea Bueno for experi- mental work in the laboratory. At this time about ten days of very mild winter weather had followed four or five days of zero temperatures, and the ice on the ponds was only about eight inches thick. I had chopped down to a depth of about six inches ~ over an area about a foot square before the axe broke through and the hole filled with water. At the next stroke of the axe some twenty or thirty Corixids, of the species referred to above, » appeared and floated up to the surface, where they remained motionless. I collected these, and soon had obtained seventy or eighty more in the same manner, all apparently coming from below the ice. Then a block of ice about six inches square and two or three inches thick was broken off, and I discovered the source from which I was obtaining at least a part of the specimens. In the ice itself, from half an inch to an inch above the water, there were several small pockets, the largest of which was less than an inch and a half in diameter, and in these the Corixids were tightly crowded in groups of from ten to fifty individuals. Some of the pockets had small open passages leading into them, which may possibly have communicated with the water or with other pockets; but others were entirely sealed in by the ice. In some cases which I found later there was a space of two or three millimeters between the mass of bugs and the wall of the cham- ber. No bugs were found singly and only the one species was found hibernating in this manner. In all, I collected nearly three hundred specimens from an area of little more than a square foot. The water here was about fifteen inches deep below the ice. Dec., 1921 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 183 When the specimens were taken into the laboratory and placed in warm water, they all revived. The bugs which were placed in water at a temperature of 14° C. first began to show movement after twenty minutes, while others placed in water at 20° required only about half that time. The first movements observed were spasmodic twitchings of the hind legs; after about five minutes more the bugs began to pass their legs over the hemelytra, thus covering them with a film of water, and attempted to dive. Flashing a strong light directly above the dishes containing the bugs provoked strong reactions which persisted for perhaps half a minute if the light remained on, but which died away almost immediately if the light were merely flashed. At this time only a few individuals were able to break down through the surface film, the others being able merely to swim about in an erratic manner over the top of the water. In all nearly forty minutes had passed before any of the bugs were able to grasp pebbles or plants in the shallow aquarium and so to remain submerged, and only after an hour were they able to swim downward in a normal manner. About one fifth of the boatmen died within twenty-four hours after they had been revived in this manner; this may have been due largely to shock from the sudden change of temperature. A considerable number of individuals were still alive, however, when I left Minneapolis some six weeks later. Experiments were begun at once to discover the manner in which the Corixids get into the pockets in the ice, but they had hardly been started when I was forced to abandon them for a time. When I returned to Minneapolis in the fall of 1919, 1 made several trips to this pond and to the other ponds in the vicinity, but it was not until November 17 that I obtained any individuals of this species, though several species of Arctocorisa were plenti- ful. On this date the pond was covered by about two inches of ice, and the single female Cymatia seen was swimming rather sluggishly in the open water near the bottom, where the water was about fifteen inches deep. A week later a single male was taken in the same place, and during December a few other indi- viduals were also secured here. Meanwhile the other Corixids 134 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI’ (Arctocorisa sp.) became less numerous, and finally, on January 9, none were seen; on this last date five specimens of Cymatia were taken from under the ice, which was now about twenty inches thick, and which showed no trace of the air- “pockets in which the bugs had been found the previous winter. These last five individuals were all torpid. They were taken back to the laboratory in ice-water, and gradually warmed to room-temperature, but none of them survived. The only move- ments made by any of them were spasmodic twitches of the legs and were induced by flashing a strong light over them. At present we can give no answer to the many interesting prob- lems which’ are suggested by these observations, such as the manner of formation of the air-pockets, the entrance of the bugs into them, the occurrence of but the one species of Corixids in the pockets, the fact that no individuals of Cymatia were found singly and frozen tightly in the ice, whether this mode of hiberna- tion is merely accidental in Cymatia, or is characteristic of the species. All of these are problems which merit investigation, and I regret that 1 have been unable to continue my studies of them. II. Nores on THE Foop Hasits oF Cymatia americana. Until recently it has been very generally stated by writers on the aquatic Hemiptera that the Corixidae are carnivorous insects. But Elingerford (Science, N. S., xlv:; 336-337, 1017; Jil. New Ditesoe, xxv 1-5, 1917; Kans. Univ. Ser Bully xi: 2e4= 240 1920) has shown that various species of Arctocorisa, Palmacorixa and Rhamphocorixa commonly feed upon organic ooze which de- velops on the debris in the pools which they frequent, and that they are primarily herbivorous insects. And the structural adap- tations of the head and of the fore-legs are indeed admirable for their mode of feeding. The structure of the head and of the mouth-parts of Cymatia is essentially the same in Cymatia as in the other genera of the family ; but the adaptations of the long cylindrical tarsi (palae), with their rows of long bristles (for figures of the palae of Cymatia, see BULL. BROOKL. ENT. Soc., vol. 15, pl. 1, 1920), for this type of feeding is much less obvious than in the case of Arc- Dec., 1921 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 185 tocorisa, etc., where the palae are shorter and broader, and flat or even concave on the side which is applied to the face in feeding. In fact, the structure of the palae in Cymatia is such as to suggest carnivorous habits, the palar bristles as well as the long movable terminal claw indicating their use in the retention of prey. That these structures are employed in this manner has been observed directly. For about ten weeks during the winter of 1920-21 I kept a pair of Cymatias in a small balanced aquarium on my table. On November 24 several larvae of a Corethra were placed in this aquarium also, and a few days later one of the Corixids was seen to be feeding on a Corethra, holding it tightly pressed to its face by means of its front legs; but the Corethra was released before I could make any close observations. On December 19 the stock of Corethras had become exhausted, and more were added to the aquarium. Almost at once one of the Cymatias, which was at rest on the bottom, struck at one of the larvae, but missed; it then floated up toward the surface, directly under another of the larvae. When about one centimeter below the Corethra, the bug gave a quick stroke upward, turned on its side, seized the larva, and swam down to the bottom, where it proceeded to feed on its prey. The Cymatia held the Corethra closely pressed against its face by means of its front legs, the palar bristles of which crossed each other forming a sort of net which helped to hold the prey, while the palar claws were bent nearly at a right angle with the pala and closely pressed against the larva. The mandibular and maxillary stylets of the Cymatia were protruded considerably from the oral aperture, and were worked rapidly back and forth in the body of the larva. After twenty minutes the Corethra ceased to move; though at first its struggles were so strong as to dislodge the Corixid’s hold on the bottom, they were not sufficient for it to escape. During the feeding process the Corixid manipulated the Corethra somewhat, sometimes holding it straight and at other times in the form of a U. After sixty minutes the bug came to the surface for the first time after it began feeding, and ten minutes later the Corethra was dropped, now shrunken to about two-thirds of its normal length. 1386 = Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI While these observations were being made the other Cymatia also captured and fed upon a Corethra larva. ‘The details of feeding were essentially the same in this case as in the other. During the time when they were under my observations, about ten weeks in all, the two Corixids continued to feed upon the Corethras, each one taking about one each day, on an average. I also observed them strike at Entomostracans several times, but I can not say whether these were eaten or not. There is nothing in these observations, of course, which proves that Cymatia americana is not herbivorous as well as carnivorous; and Hungerford has stated that even the forms which are pri- marily herbivores will, under extreme conditions, attack Chiro- nomus larvae and small worms, and it may well be that this is such acase. Further observations on the food habits of Cymaia, especially in summer, are necessary to decide this point. How- ever, in view of the predaceous adaptations of the palae, I am inclined to believe that Cymatia is primarily predatory. It may be worth mentioning that the pond from which all my Minnesota specimens of Cymatia americana were taken has a large Corethra population. These studies of Cymatia were undertaken at the Entomologi- cal Laboratory of the University of Minnesota, under the direc- tion of Professor Royal N. Chapman, to whom I wish to express my appreciation for his active interest in them, as well as for his valued assistance in the field work during the winter of 1919- 1920. 3 Food Plant of Cymus discors Horv.—This bug was found in White Plains, N. Y., on the sedge Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl. on September 10. The insect breeds in the seed heads, now ripe and fuzzy, and was found concealed in them, from the 2d or 3d instar to the freshly transformed adult, two or three in each cluster of seeds. Each head harbored from twenty up. J. R. dela’ DorreBuene: Dec., 1921 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 187 BOOK NOTES. The Nature of Animal Light, by E. Newton Harvey, Ph.D. (Monographs on Experimental Biology, J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, $2.50). This monograph, while not primarily de- voted to insects, except as they produce light, has considerable of interest to entomologists, particularly coleopterists. Every- one, of course, is familiar with our common fireflies but not all entomologists know what causes them to glow. Nor are insects the only living beings that exhibit light-phenomena. They range from bacteria up the scale of life through various fungi; and from protozoa through fishes. Fireflies have a substance which gives off fluorescent light. But in general the light-giving substances in animals are de- pendent on. oxygen to produce light. Pyrophorus was studied as early as 1864 by the great Pasteur. The third chapter of this work relates to the physical nature of animal light, many of the animals referred to being insects, principally lampyrid beetles. In fact, as the most easily available material is in- sects, every chapter in this highly interesting, though technical, work refers to them. Every student of the Lampyride should read it. Keys to the Orders of Insects, by Frank Balfour Brown, Lec- turer in Entomology in the Univ. of Cambridge (Macmillan, N. Y, $1.50). These keys are primarily for students in courses in entomology at Cambridge University. They apply only to six orders, those most commonly met with—namely, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, the Linnean orders, lacking the Odonata. The keys are in the main founded on previous work and of course are much sim- plified. There are four plates of structures of Lepidoptera, Dip- tera, and Hymenoptera with the parts named. It is not, nor does it purport to be, a new and philosophic scheme of classifica- tion. Melander and Brues’ keys are more extensive and more in the line of a classification of the whole class; these discussed are working keys for the purpose of quickly placing specimens where they belong. For this purpose they are excellent and should be a great help to science teachers. To the specialist they offer nothing not known heretofore, although they are a part of the literature of entomology. J2Ri abs —_ 1383 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. Meeting of January 13, 1921.—The same officers of the So- ciety were reelected to serve during the year 1921. Scientific Programme.—Mr. Jacob Doll communicated ‘! Notes on Some Interesting Lepidoptera.” Referring to Mr. Engel- hardt’s remarks at the preceding meeting on Utetheisa bella, he exhibited a large series of color variations of this species selected from some 30,000 to 50,000 specimens which have passed through his hands in the last 50 years. The caterpillar of this moth lives on the rattle box (Crotalaria). From his breeding experience, Mr. Doll found that one year a lot of larvae that had been starved gave a great variety of color forms, while adults from another lot that had been well fed, were almost all alike. The wide range of variation is exhibited by only the females in this species, while the males are all very similar. Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno read° a paper on the “Saldidae of New York State.” Mr. Howard Notman exhibited a series of the moth Eufidonia notataria Walker from Keene Valley, Adirondacks, N. Y., including many color variations. Meeting of February 10, 1921.—Scientific Programme. Ex- | hibition and Discussion of Interesting Insects.” Mr. Howard Notman showed Cinclidia harrisi Scudder collected by him in a_ little meadow at the top of a hill at Keene Valley, Adirondacks, N. Y., one of the specimens representing quite a distinct color form. Mr. Wm. T. Davis mentioned having taken the same moth at Hewett, N. J., Jume 19, and at Potter Swamp, Yates Co., N.Y; June 14, 1915. Mr. Chas. Schaeffer spoke of a specimen of Trogus fulvipes Cresson received from Mr. Doll, who obtained it from a pupa of Papilio turnus. Since there are no structural dif- ferences between 7. fulvipes and the common T. vulpinus (Gra- venhorst), there is a question whether the former is specifically distinct. Dr. J. Bequaert gave a brief account of his collecting experiences with Mr. Notman in the Adirondacks last summer. Mr. Davis exhibited several interesting Diptera: Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus), taken at Arlington, Staten Island, N. Y.; Mydas clavatus Drury, also from Staten Island, usually found flying Dec., 1921 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 139 around old tree stumps, he stated ; one of the specimens of Mydas, when captured, struck him on the finger, the bite being very pain- ful for the moment; and Microstylum morosum Loew, from Tascosa, Texas, the largest robber fly of the United States. Mr. C. A. Weeks delivered a lecture on the “ Comparative Economic Importance of Insects and Birds.” Meeting of March 10, 1921.—Scientific Programme.—Messtrs. W. T. Davis, G. P. Engelhardt and J. Bequaert gave accounts of the “Insects collected at the Penniquid Barrens, Long Island,” during the summer of 1920. Mr. Davis stated that the Penniquid Barrens are shown on the Map of the Soils of Long Island, pub- lished by the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture in 1903, as Norfolk Sand, which consists chiefly of medium to fine grades of quartz sand stained to an orange or yellow color. The Norfolk Sand on Long Island is said to have been deposited as a coarse water-borne sediment, an outwash of the glacier. On the Geologic Map of Long Island by Myron L. Fuller, 1913, the area of the Penniquid Barrens is shown as Dune Sand, extending about 7 miles nearly east and west, and 2 miles north and south. These so-called Barrens lie northwest of Coram and include the villages of Selden and New Village, though the soil is better immediately about Selden than it is in some of the hollows to the north and south. There are now many abandoned farms in the region, which are gradually lapsing into forest conditions, the ground being covered with a carpet of bear-berry, an occasional juniper bush and many red cedars. Oaks are common and in many places there are stands of pitch-pine. The Dune Country has been visited three times: once in August, 1916, and twice in 1920. Mr. Davis had paid special attention to the Orthoptera, of which 34 species were found, among others Hesperotettix brevipennis Thomas, generally seen in clumps of sweet-fern, and Melanoplus impudicus Scud- der, a southern species taken in the Barrens in August, 1916, and again in August and September, 1920; this Melanoplus was also collected near Deep Pond, Wading River, Long Island, August 7, 1912. The katydid, Pterophylla camellifolia Fabricius, was com- mon; three females found August 18, 1920, were soft, having just matured. At a temperature of 50 to 54 degrees, Pterophylla 140 = Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI stops singing. On September 18 a female was discovered at night laying eggs in the bark of a locust tree about one foot from the ground. Among other insects of interest was a large female Mantispa brunnea Say, discovered by Mr. Engelhardt ; also Loma- mya flavicornis Walker, which likewise belongs to the Neurop- tera; the Lomamyia was also collected at Central Park, Long Island, August 12, 1913, and May 26, 1918. The large ox-beetle, Strategus antaeus (Fabricius), occurs in the Penniquid Barrens; and among tiger-beetles Cicindela rugifrons Dejean was the most common species; no C. modesta Dejean nor C. consentanea De- jean were observed. In a moist field at Coram, south of the Barrens, four pink specimens of the fulgorid Acanalonia bivittata Say were collected, all in a small area, while a quarter of a mile away, in a similar situation, all that were seen were green in colors = Mr. Engelhardt exhibited some of the Lepidoptera obtained by him at the Penniquid Barrens: Hemileuca maia Drury, of which the larvae in colonies are very common on Quercus nana from May to June, the moth in October; Schinia obscurata Strecker and S. spinosae Guenée, both common in August and September on Aster. The following were collected with bait: Chytonix sen- silis Grote in July ; Mamestra rubefacta Morrison in June; Oligia minuscula Morrison in August; Catocala amasea Smith and Ab- bot, common in August; Agrotis violaris Grote and Robinson in September. LEucalyptera bipuncta Morrison and Eustrotia aeria Grote were common in June and July at light. Meeting of April 14, 1921.—Long Island Records.—Mr. Schott exhibited the following beetles recently taken by him: Donacia edentata Schaeffer from Montauk Beach; D. rufescens Lacor- daire from Wyandanch; Amerizus oblongulum Mannerheim and Aphodius prodromus (Brahm) from Long Beach. Mr. Engel- hardt reported upon a trip to the Penniquid Barrens at Coram, Long Island, April 5 and 6, for the purpose of collecting spring Noctuidae at light. The results were fairly good on the evening of the 5th under moderately warm weather conditions. On the evening of the 6th a heavy mist rolling in from the south shore, as is usual, rendered insect life inactive. The following species Dec., 1921 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 141 were collected at light: Eutolype rolandi Grote; Psaphidia thax- teriana Grote (apparently the first Long Island record of this species) ; Copipanolis cubilis Grote; Iodia rufago Hubner ; Mela- lopha albosigna Fitch; Epicaptera americana Harris; Hydrio- mena sorditata Fabricius (no other Long Island record at hand for this species). Mr. Davis showed specimens of Tetramorium guineense (Fabricius), introduced from the tropics and now liv- ing in the greenhouse of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Scientific Programme—Mr. C. E. Olsen gave a lecture on “The Marvelous Life of our Seabeach and how it is Reproduced in Museum Groups,” illustrated with lantern slides. J. Bequaert, Recording Secretary. PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIEA YS (Sent postpaid on receipt of price by Archibald C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park Place, Brooklyn.) Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomology (The Glossary), by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also py dealers. (Clothe eer meceae 3.00 BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, - Volumes 4 to 8, per volume...........---- see eee teeter eres ees 1.75 Voltas Oto 1h Gel ies sb spanesesmoeeermme nomvooL CC od sodocoues 1.25 Wolhnmmes, tes a), Gavddss cc oat Some Hepa Ome eos sr oso°Dclacm a adcbs 1.50 ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, each. 2.50 PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vols. 1 and 4, each........ 3.00 OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera....... 50 142 = Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVI EXCHANGES. . This one page is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for adver- tisements of articles for sale. Notices not exceeding THREE lines free to subscribers. Over lines charged for at. 15 cents per line per insertion. Old notices will be discontinued as space for new ones is needed. FOR EXCHANGE OR FOR SALE. Coleoptera from Arizona. Cicin- delide and Cerambycide specially desired. Correspondence solicited. Douglas K. Duncan, P. O. Box 412, Globe, Ariz. ARKANSAS INSECTS.—Will collect Lepidoptera and other orders. Correspondence solicited. Miss Louise Knobel, 417 West 2d Ave., Hope, Ark, WANTED.—Small, bright colored butterflies. Will pay cash for them in quantities. We desire Lycaenas, small coppers and any other bright- colored small flies for use in butterfly jewelry work. The Cassino Studio, Salem, Mass. WANTED.—Cynipide and their galls from all parts of the world. Exchange or cash. Western and Southern material particularly desired. Wm. Beutenmuller, Box 258, Highwood, Bergen Co., N. J. WANTED.—Saldide, especially from the Western U. S. and Canada. Will name or give good exchange. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, 11 North Broadway, White Plains, Westchester Co., N. Y. FLORIDA Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells, and Marine Invertebrates. A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla. WANTED.—Papers published since 1894 and containing references to American Coleoptera, by Bernhauer, Grouvelle, Lesne, Leveille, Lewis, Pic, Otto Schwarz, Wasmann or other foreign authors. Will pay cash or give in exchange papers by American authors that I have in duplicate. C. W. Leng, No. 33 Murray St., New York City. LOT of too South American butterflies and moths in perfect condition, papered, at $6.50; including Morpho menelaus or cypris, Caligo, 8 Papilios, 8 Heliconius, Prepona, Perisamia, Catagramma, Calicore, 4 Apatura, Nymphalide, Urania, Sphingide, etc., etc. H. S. Parish, 81 Robert St., Toronto, Can. JOHN D.SHERMAN, JR.. MOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK OFFERS An Important New Bibliographical Work A Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico By CHARLES W. LENG A catalogue of the 18,547 species, giving the geographical range of each, together with page reference to the original description, including also varieties, sub-species, synonyms, etc. Also—a sep- arate bibliography of over 4,000 titles, occupying 78 pages of text—the FIRST Bibliography of North American Beetles. Also an exhaustive historical and analytical exposition of the various systems of classification which have been proposed for this order of insects. Prof. H. F. Wickham has contributed a list of the 800 Fossil forms so far found in North America. Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the United States Bureau of Ento- mology, reviewing this work in “ Science,” May 6, 1921, says: “Asa result of the publication of this long expected and thor- oughly admirable Catalogue, American Coleopterists for the first time in many years know where they stand. Its publication is a great big stepping stone. It is one of those indispensable things. _ Every entomologist, including the economic ertomologist, must be able to consult it, and all libraries must have it.” Size of book, 75% by 105% inches, 470 pages. - PiiGr aN eve bin COV ks LOsltPAID, TEN DOLEAKS: BOUND IN BUCKRAM, ONE DOLLAR: EXTRA. For full description, see this Bulletin, Vol. XVI, Nos. 3-4, June—October, 1921. JOHN D. SHERMAN, JR. 132 PRIMROSE AVENUE, MOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK Indispensable for every Collector and Museum. LEPIDOPTERA CATALOGUE OF ALL FAUNAS Our new price-current No. 58, the greatest and most voluminous of all butterfly lists, contains 110 pages, four columns wide, a complete register of Families, "Species and Authors: 12,000 Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera, 3,500 Microlepidoptera, 1,500 Caterpillars (prepared larvae), 12,000 Ex- otic Lepidoptera. Our List replaces expensive catalogues and scientific works; serves as memorandum book, unlike any other of the new lists con- tains an exact register of all genera and families; is used as a permanent collection register for all species; serves asa check list if two copies are em- ployed; serves as daszs for exchanges and for all dealings in insects. $1 50 in advance or remittance of $5.00 on account of an order to follow. Amounts paid in advance will be offset by orders for butterflies. DR. O. A. STAUDINGER & A. BANG-HAAS DRESDEN- BLASEWITZ, GERMANY An Introduction to sua By JOHN HENRY COMSTOCK, Professor of Entomology and General Invertebrate Zoology, Emeritus in Cornell University. * PART I—The Structure and Metamorphosis of Insects This volume is the first part of a text-book of entomology that Professor Comstock has in preparation. It is, however, a complete treatise on the structure and metamorphosis of in- sects. The part now ” published includes four chapters. The first chapter is entitled ‘‘ The Characteristics of Insects and Their Near Relatives.” In this chapter the characteristics of the Arthropoda and of each of the thirteen classes of arthropods is discussed, with figures of representatives of each of these classes. The second chapter is devoted to a detailed discussion of the external anatomy of insects. The third chapter treats of the internal anatomy of in- sects and includes the results of recent investigations in this field. In the fourth chapter there is a detailed account of the transformation of insects, in which each of the different types of metamorphosis of insects is discussed. There is also included a bibliography and an index. Pages, xviii-+ 220, with 220 illustrations. Bound in cloth. Price $2.50 net. THE COMSTOCK PUBLISHING COMPANY ITHACA, NEW YORK Tropical African (Uganda) Butterflies and Moths, etc., etc. Excellent Material Great Variety Apply for particulars and prices R. A. DUMMER Care Jinja Post Office - UGANDA Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 84-102 College Ave. ROCHESTER, N. Y. Entomological supplies of every description, including the only genuine hand made Schmitt Insect Boxes, and the well known American Entomological Company Insect Pins. Our supply catalogue No. 30 will be sent free on application. Entomological Specimens of all orders from every part of the world. Life Histories of Insects of Economic Importance and others; Type or systematic collections of Insects from Boreal America; Collections of beneficial and injurious insects; Collections of Household, Garden, Orchard, Shade Tree and Forest Pests; also illustrating Mimicry and Protective Coloration, and Dimorphism. If interested write for the following circulars: 116 Biological Material for Dissection, 125 Life Histories of Economic Insects, 128 List of Living Pupae, 129 Exotic Lepidoptera, 130 North American Lepidoptera, 131 Exotic Coleoptera, 132 North American Coleoptera, 143. 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