Se eer ee a ee
a cart toh anoint arte te rh ho
mane tua tn vin tn ieee tioantt
“ nn stort orden hor sin tanto Bo
Seneca
saa teeta _ “ak na on a 2
nati thnior tr Gotan on Banat
Fe EN a EE COLO ET ION,
ae NE
Se ay a VINE LA CE
nr tntrmianet tenn ane SS
ae
NS ae
r
~y"
=
~
ie
b
M
;
o
Gift
/
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY
NEW SERIES
Vol. VIII 1912-13
>
EDITED (IN SUCCESSION) 8Y
BG. SCHAU Ee JOHN B. SMITH GEO. H. HULST
CHAS. LOUIS POLLARD R. P. DOW
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
Chairman
J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW,
Advertising Manager Editor
THE NEW ERA PRIN
§ Jnacets
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.VUI
INDEX OF PLANTS AND INSECTS.
Mentioned in vol. VIII.
Acanthocinus obsoletus, 125.
Actias isis, 64.
Adalia bipunctata, 41.
Adelocephala, 118.
Aglaia viatica, 36.
Agrotis violaris, 36.
Alaus myops, 125.
Albuna pyramidalis, 67.
Aletia argillacea, 32, 61.
Amara fulvipes, 78.
Amblychila cylindriformis, 53.
Amblyscirtes samoset, 46.
Amphibolips fuliginosa, 102.
gainesii, 102.
prunus, I0l.
Andricus *eldoradensis, 105.
*glandulus, 103.
operatola, 103.
perditor, 105.
Anisota, 118.
Anthonomus scutellaris, 19.
Anytus capax, 36.
Apantesis excelsa, 125.
larve, 32.
nervosa, 55.
Apatela albarufa, 32.
funeralis, 32.
Arctocorisa abdominalis, 82.
alternata, 87, 88, 90.
var. bimaculata, 82.
bradleyi, 83, 88, 90, 9t.
compressa, 83, 86, OT.
hydaiotrephes, 82, 88, 90.
interrupta, 82, 88, 80.
nitida, 82, 88, 80.
*var. minor, 82, 88, 90.
*pectenata, 83, 88, 90.
scabra, 83, 88, 90.
sigmoidea, 83, 80, or.
signata, 83, 80, 91.
Arenaria groenlandica, 5.
Argynnis aphrodite ?, 5.
New Forms marked *.
var. alcestis, 45.
idalia, 76.
myrina, 76.
cybele, 76.
Arhipidia, 6.
Asimina triloba, 6.
Atethmia rectifasciata, 32, 43.
Atimia dorsalis, 77.
Atta septentrionalis, 126.
Attacus hercules, 65.
Attelabus rhois ab., 44.
Autographa rectilineata, 44.
Badister pulchellus, 78.
Baptisia tinctoria, 32, 43.
Basilarchia arthemis, 5.
var. lanthanits, 45.
Blissus hirtus, 44.
Bomolocha atomaria, 46.
chicagonis, 47.
Brachyacantha albifrons, 109.
Buprestis fusiformis, 78.
Bythinus bithinoides, to.
Callidium janthinum, 44.
Calpodes ethlius, 29.
Callirhytis fruiticola, 102.
Canthon vigilans, 55.
Carthasis decorata, 44.
Carya, 98.
Caryomya antennata, 99.
cary@, 90.
carye@ecola, 99.
consobrina, 99.
cynipsea, 90.
glutinosa, 99.
holotricha, 99.
inanis, 99.
nucicola, 90.
persicoides, 99.
sanguiniolenta, 99.
similis, 99.
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
thompsont, 90.
tubicola, 99.
Cassida, 60.
Catocala cara, 32.
consors, 78.
lachrymosa, 36.
larve, 32.
marmorata, 67.
residua, 30.
Catopsilia eubule, 75, 125.
Celithemis elisa, 50.
eponina, 50.
fasciata, 50.
monomelena, 50.
ornata, 50.
Ceraleptus americanus, 67.
Ceratographis biguttatus, 20.
Chamenerion angustifolium, 5.
Charaxes, 66.
Chariesterus, 47.
Chrysopa oculata, 42.
Cicada canicularis, 43.
engelhardtii, 79.
linnet, 2.
lyricen, 43.
marginata, 43.
pruinosa, 2.
Sayi, 2.
*winnemanna, 3.
Cicindela dorsalis, 42.
generosa, 43.
marginata, 30.
repanda, 43.
rugifrons, 43.
sommeri, I10,
Cime-x lectularius, 24.
Citheronia, 118.
Cleonus calandroides, 125.
Clerus ichneumoneus, 125.
Coccinella 9-notata, 41.
Conocephalus lyristes, 79.
Copipanola cubilis, 42, 70.
Coptocycla sp., 125.
Corixa burmeisteri, 87.
*gordita, 84, 88, 90, OI.
macroceps, 86, 89, 90.
*minima, 86, 89, 90.
pigmea, 87.
*sellaris, 85, 88, 91.
verticalis, 87, 89, 90.
Cordulia lintnert, 93.
Corphyra collaris, 125.
Corymbites joutelii (syn.), 77-
pyrrhos, 77.
Cosmopepla carnifex, 54.
Cremastochilus harristi, 125.
Cryphulla parallelogramma, 44.
Cryptorhynchus fuscatus, 19.
Cucullia speyeria, 36.
Culex pipiens, 21.
Cychrus lecontei, 78-79.
viduus, 78.
Cycloneda sanguinea, 42.
Cymindis borealis, 70.
Cymus discors, 44.
claviculus, 44.
Dalader acuticosta, 47.
Danais plexippus, 76.
Derrima stellata, 36.
Dichrooscsytus elegans, 49.
Dirphia, 118.
Dissosteira carolina, 50.
Ditoma pinicola, 19.
Dorocordulia, 94.
lepida, 94.
libera, 04.
Dytiscus = Dyticus, 74.
Eacles, 118.
Eglanterina shastaensis, 125.
Elaphidion mucronatum, 44.
Elater xanthomus, 125.
Elleschus scanicus, 79.
Elytroleptus floridanus, 19.
Enallagma recurvatum, 78.
Ephalus latimanus, 125.
Eranmus tiliaria, 32.
Eritettix carinatus, 125.
Erynnis sassacus, 5.
Eubaphe leta, 36.
Eudamus bathyllus, 100.
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 4. VIII
Eugonia j-album, 5, 76.
Euploea niasina, 63.
Euptoieta claudia, 76.
Eurymus interior, 4.
philodice, 4.
Fornax orchesides, 125.
Gargaphia angulata, 44.
Geotrupes hornia, 125.
Glea carinosa, 125.
tremula, 125.
Goliathus, 70.
Grapta comma, 76.
interrogationis, 76.
progne, 76.
Hadena inordinata, 32.
Hadronema militaris, 48.
Hebemoia glaucippe, 63.
roepstorfi, 63.
vosst, 62.
Helluomorpha nigripennis, 44, 55.
bicolor, 55.
Helocordulia uhleri, 94.
Hepialus auratus, 61.
Hippodamia 5-signata, 41.
convergens, 41.
glacialis, 41.
13-punctata, 41.
parenthesis, 41.
Hister *carinifrons, 26.
defectus, 27. —
depurator, 26.
dispar, 26.
*fungicola, 27.
indistinctus, 27.
*puncticollis, 26.
semisculptus, 26.
Servus, 27.
Hyperaspis fimbriolata, 42.
Hypolymnas doxithea, 62.
Iphiclides ajax, 5.
var. telamonides, 5.
Jodia rufago, 42, 79.
Junonia cenia, 32, 76.
Lachnosterna knochu, 19.
Sp., 23.
Lapara bombycoides, 36.
coniferarum, 36.
Lebia furcata, 78.
grandis, 107.
pleuritica, 19, 78.
Leptosaphus ulmi, 32.
Leptura circumdata, 77.
letifica, 77.
vagans, 77.
Limenitis, 66.
albofasciata, 78.
archippus, 76.
proserpina, 78.
ursula, 76, 78.
Lomechusa cava, 125.
Lygus plagiatus, 49.
Megilla fuscilabris, 41.
Melanotus leonardt, 109.
Meloé americanus, 125.
Merragata hebroides, 44.
Metachroma levicolle, 19, 25.
laterale, 19, 25.
pallidum, 10, 25.
*M onorhipidia, 6.
Morrisonia vomeriana, 36.
Mutilla sp., 125.
Necrobia, 40.
Necrophorus pustulatus, 55.
sayi, 78.
Neonympha canthus, 76.
eurytris, 76.
Neurocordulia, 95.
obsoleta, 93.
yamaskarensis, 93.
Nicagus obscurus, 125.
Orectoderus obliquus, 48.
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
Ornithoptera cronius, 65.
hecuba, 65.
hypolitus, 65.
paradisea, 65.
priamus, 65.
tithonus, 65.
trojana, 64.
Orthostira n. sp., 44.
Pachylobius picivorus, 125.
Pagasa fusca= nitida, 44.
Palmacorixa buenot, 87, 88, 90.
Panage@us crucigerus, 79.
Papaipema baptisie, 43.
limpida, 32.
sciata (nec limpida), 43.
Papilio androcles, 63.
asterias, 76.
blumet, 63.
cresus, 65.
glaucus turnus, 5.
troilus, 76.
turnus, 76.
ulysses, 65.
Petrophora incursata, 57.
*salvata, 58.
Phasma gigantea, 65.
Phloeotria vandoueri, 55.
Pholus vitis, 20.
Phyciodes tharos, 76.
Phymatodes dimidiatus, 79.
Phytocoris antennalis, 48.
conspersipes, 40.
mundus, 48.
Pieris protodice, 125.
Pithanus maekeli, 4o.
Pityobius anguinus, 10.
Platycordulia, 95.
Pomphopea sayi, 76.
Pontia rap@, 5.
Prionus pocularis, 78.
Precis rhadma, 62.
Prunus maritima, 10, 76.
Psallus juniperi, 48.
ancorifer, 48.
Pseudococcus citri, Al.
Pterostichus scrutator, 78.
spraguet, 108.
Pygarctia abdominalis, 59, 61.
elegans, OI.
fusca, 61.
*grossbecki, 60, 61.
neomexicana, OI:
oslari, 61.
pterygostigma, 61.
spraguei, OI.
vivida, OI.
Pyrameis atalanta, 76.
Quercus agrifolia, 105.
coccinea, I0l.
laurifolia, 102.
macrocarpa, 104.
marylandica, 25, 102.
nana, 101.
platanoides, 103, 104.
prinoides, 104.
prinus, 104. -
rubra, Iol.
tinctoria, 102.
velutina, IO1.
Rhinocapsus vanduzeei, 48.
Rhipidia annulicornis, 7, 13.
bipectinata, 6, 7.
bryantt, 6.
*calverti, 6, 7, 8.
costalis, 6, 7.
*cramptoni, 6, 7, 8, Io.
domestica, 6, 7, 15.
*var. amazonensis, 17.
*var angustifrons, 16.
fidelis, 6, 7.
maculata, 6, 7, 8.
*multiguttata, 7, 8, 14.
*schwarzt, 7, 13.
subpectinata, 7, 8.
*var. pleuralis, 8, 12.
tabescens, 6, 8.
unipectinata, 6; 7, 12.
uniseriata, 6.
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.VUI
Rhynchagrotis anchoceloides
var. brunneipennis, 36.
placida, 125.
Rihana, 4.
Romaleum atomarium, 78.
Sandalus niger, 125.
Saperda calcarata, 79.
discoidea, 70.
Satyrus alope, 76.
var. maritima, 76.
Scarites alternans, 122, 123.
quadriceps, 123.
subterraneus, 122, 123.
var. californicus, 122, 123.
subs. substriatus, 122, 123.
var. lissopterus, 122, 123.
texanus, 123.
Schinia trifascia, 36.
Scopelosoma moffetiana, 36.
Semiophora eliminata, 36.
Sesia rhododendri, 36.
sigmoidea, 36.
Silvanus surinamensis, 39.
Smerinthus jamaicensis
*ab. Clarkit, 409.
Solidago alpestris, 5.
Somatochlora provocans, 67.
tenebrosa, 78.
Soronia ulkei, 79.
Sphecius speciosus, 43.
Sthenopis argenteomaculatus, 29.
Strategus anteus, 19, 125.
Strymon titus, 33.
var. immaculosus, 33, 36.
mopsus, 35.
Tachyris margarita, 45.
Tenaris sp., 66.
Terias lisa, 76.
lisa, var. alba, 32.
_nicippe, 76.
Termes flavipes, 30.
Tetragonoderus fasciatus, 79.
Thasus, 47.
Thymelicus mystic, 5.
Thysania zenobia, 20.
Tmesiphorus costalis, 78.
Trichius texanus, 19.
Trichocorixa, 87.
Trichodes nuttalli, 108.
Tricholobium mozambicense, 19.
Tridactylus terminalis, 126.
Trigonotylus tarsalis, 48.
Trimerotropis maritima, 43.
Triphleps insidiosus, 42.
Trypoxylon clavatum, 43.
tridentatum, 43.
Uranus ripheus, 62.
Utethetsa bella, 32.
Vanessa antiopa, 76.
atalanta, 5.
huntera, 5.
Veronica virginica, 43.
Volucella obesa, to.
*Williamsonia, n. gen., 93.
lintnert. 94, 95.
Xenos peck, 71.
Xestocoris nitens, 44.
Zabrotes subnitens, 19, 76.
Zerene c@sonia, 99.
Vol. VIL OCTOBER, 1912. No. |
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
, SOCIETY
NEW SERIES
| \. £36410
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE “lt
CHARLES LOUIS POLLARD
CHARLES SCHAEFFER ROBERT P. DOW
Published by the Society 3
Price 25 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society
Published in
October, December, February, April and June of each year.
Subscription price, $1.00 per year in advance; single copies 25 cents;
to members of the Brooklyn Entomological Society the subscription price is
50 cents, single copies 15 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short
articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited.
Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication.
Address subscriptions and all communications to
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society,
Central Museum, Eastern Parkway,
Brooklyn, N. Y.
CONTENTS _
October, 1912
Page
1878-1912. A RETROSPECT. Edward L. Graef... 2.2.0.0. 6.5 2200.22 0% 1
» A NEW CICADA FROM PLUMMER’S ISLAND, MARYLAND.
William Ts Davis eho ee eo ae as ae ee 2
IPHICLIDES AJAX AND EURYMUS INTERIOR FROM THE SUMMIT
OF MOUNT MARCY, NEW YORK. F.E. Watson and L. V. Coleman, 4
“ON THE TROPICAL AMERICAN RHIPIDIAE. Chas. P. Alexander
(with: plate) ieee aa Bee lie a Re a Ri, Ra eco ene eat Nest aie 6
EDITORIAES : Ueiaiiis ceacve cote aie tess esas ieee eae oes tessa ebaile oars 18
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 19
foe) Loe TPN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Wor. VIII OCTOBER, 1912 No. t
1878-1912—A Retrospect.
By Epwarp L. Graer, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Honorary President of the Brooklyn Entomological Society.
More than a generation ago, or to be exact, in May, 1878, a
few members of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, then six
years old, prepared and issued the first number of the BULLETIN.
It was my privilege to write the first chapter of that publication,
and God has spared my life to enable me to introduce the re-
surrected BULLETIN of 1912.
In glancing over the names of our early contributors one finds
many who have since gained high distinction in the entomological
world. In fact the publication itself was the stimulus that spur-
red them on to greater efforts, and for this reason it became one
of the most successful of its kind. As an illustration of the valu-
able matter published, we may mention the synoptic tables of
Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. At that time no complete lists of
these orders were obtainable, and the tables printed in the BuL-
LETIN were of the greatest assistance to the younger members
of the Society.
Dr. John B. Smith, Rev. Geo. D. Hulst and Professor F. G.
Schaupp may be said to have begun their entomological careers
in connection with our magazine, while its supporters included
many members of the older set, such as Dr. Horn, Dr. Le Conte,
A. R. Grote, Hermann Strecker, G. H. French and others. Pre-
vious to this time our local collectors were scattered and carried
out their work independently; their specimens were largely un-
determined and were often kept in show frames without any at-
tempt at classification. The Society brought these men together
and gave them an opportunity of comparing and naming their
specimens, while the interesting facts thus brought out were
published.
2 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
In looking back over this period I am pained to realize how
many well known faces we now miss at our meetings, men like
those named above, whose places can perhaps never be filled.
However, in resuming the publication of our BULLETIN we
start under better auspices than in 1878. The Society is consider-
ably larger and its meetings are well attended. Who can tell
what may be the entomological career of our younger and more
enthusiastic members ? Remember the words of Napoleon—
“Every private in the Grand Army carries in his knapsack the
baton of a field marshal.” ‘aah
I bespeak a hearty welcome for our new venture, and I think
I can promise that members of ttH€ Society will do their utmost
to make the publication interesting-and instructive.
Ped
A New Cicada [Homop.| from Plummer’s Island, Maryland.
By Wm. T. Davis, New Brighton, N. Y.
Through the kindness of Mr. W. L. McAtee of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., I have been able to
examine a collection of cicadas made at Plummer’s Island, Md.,
the home of the Washington Biologists’ Field Club. In this col-
lection there are fifteen examples of a species heretofore con-
founded with Czcada linnet Grossb. and Cicada pruinosa Say.
These two very distinct insects cannot be readily told apart by
the examination of the male genitalia alone, but the costal margin
in lénnet is more suddenly bent near the middle of the fore wing
than in pruinosa. They are also very differently marked. The
song of linnez is a continuous one rising higher in pitch if the insect
is energetic, and then gradually subsiding, in this respect some-
what resembling Czcada sayt, only it is not so loud and not so
impetuous as in that species. Czcada pruinosa has a very different
song, a s-2zape, z-zape, 2-zape. These two insects are therefore
very far apart in the character of their song.
The cicadas from Plummer’s Island, or Winnemanna as the
Indians called the region, were collected from 1902 to 1910, and
from July 12 to September 24. The majority were collected in
August. On two collected August 16, 1907, the song is noted by
McAtee as “a high-pitched rising and falling note’: on two of
Oct., 1912 ~~ Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 3
’
August 23, 1908, as a “rising and falling note,’’ and on the one
of August 16, 1910, as ‘“‘a low-pitched uniform note.’’ This last
insect was probably not fairly under way, for pruznosa sometimes
only renders a zing note not getting up energy enough to zape,
as stated in Entomological News for December, 1910. On
September 23, 1911, while on the bank of the canal below Plum-
mer’s Island the writer heard a cicada singing that at the time
was supposed to be pruinosa, but may have been the species here
described as new.
Cicada winnemanna sp. n.
Length: ¢ 32 mm., to tip of wings 50 mm.; ° 30 mm., to
tip of wings 50 mm. Head black, anterior margin between the
eyes and an irregular stripe extending from below the central
ocellus on to the clypeus green. Pronotum including posterior
margin or collar green except the following: two triangular
spots each side of the central line, one to three tiny dots near the
central area, a spot on each lateral margin and hair streaks in the
deeper parts of the channelled surface which are black. The
mesonotum has the markings similar to pruinosa and linnet.
The abdomen is black above with the hind margins of the
segments more or less fulvous, the second segment having this
irregular band broader than the others. There are two white
pruinose spots at the base of the first segment, one on each side,
also a white streak hardly discernible each side at the base of
the third segment, and the usual white spot on each side of the
eighth segment. In the female the abdominal markings are far
less distinct than in the male and some are wanting. Beneath
the abdomen is pruinose, the central area being fulvous with
a narrow black stripe that usually does not reach to the end
of the abdomen as in linneZi and pruinosa. The edges of the
stripe are not as parallel and well defined as in the last two men-
tioned species. The opercula are as broad as long. The genitalia
resemble those of pruinosa and linnet.
In addition to the types and the thirteen paratypes from
Plummer’s Island, Md., a single female from Raleigh, N. C.,
received from Mr. Brimley, is in the collection of the author.
Cicada winnemanna may be separated from pruinosa and
linnet by having the pronotum more green, the hind margins of
the abdominal segments fulvous on the dorsal surface, and by the
4 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vel. VII
narrower less definite and shorter central black band beneath.
The costal margin of the fore wing is curved as in pruzuosa, and
not so abruptly bent near its middle as in liwner. It lacks the
two broad white dashes at the base of the third abdominal seg-
ment so conspicuous in pruinosa.
We have not followed Distant in the use of the generic name
Rihana, for reasons which will be given by Mr. Edward P. Van
Duzee in a future paper.
Iphiclides ajax and Eurymus interior [Lepid.| from the summit
of Mt. Marcy, N. Y.
By F. E. Watson, New York, N. Y., and L. V. CoLemAn,
Brooklyn, N. Y.
On the afternoon of July 15, 1912, after a long climb up the
winding trail connecting the town of North Elba with the summit
of Mount Marcy, we reached the highest point in the Adiron-
dacks, 5,344 feet. ;
Although a violent gale was blowing from the south, Coleop-
tera, Hymenoptera and Orthoptera were quite abundant on the
bare rocky peak. Butterflies, however, were scarce, except for
the genus Eurymus. Quite a number of these were flying between
the tree line and the summit, but owing to the wind and the
nature of the ground, only four specimens were captured. These
proved to be E. philodice 1 male, 1 female, and E. znterior 1 male,
1 female. In the late afternoon, about four o’clock, while we
were enjoying some luncheon on the summit, an ajax flew within
two yards of us, or rather was blown by and carried down the
north side of the mountain. mea
Shortly before evening we made our way down the mountain
to Lake Tear-of-the-clouds, near which we camped for the night,
at an altitude of 4,300 feet. The following morning we returned |
to the summit, which we found completely enveloped in clouds.
The haze soon cleared away, however, and by nine o’clock the sun
was shining with an intense brightness. It was hoped that the
wind, which had changed during the night and was now blowing
strongly from the north, would drive the ajax back up the moun-
tain. This is apparently just what happened, for about ten
wei |
Oct.,1912, Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
o'clock one was captured on the white flowers of a patch of the
mountain sandwort (Arenaria groenlandica), about. two hundred
feet below the summit.
Individuals of Eurymus were common, but the northerly
gale made it next to impossible to capture any. It was observed,
however, that the flowers of the alpine golden rod (Solidago alpestris)
proved an almost irresistible attraction for them, so that by
waiting at a clump of the plant below the summit and out of the
wind, thirteen specimens were taken between ten and eleven
o'clock, of which 6 were E. interior, all males, and 7 were philodice,
4 males, 3 females.
At eleven we started homeward, and arrived in the valley
just at the close of a storm that had been in progress below us all
the morning.
Following is the list of species, with the total number of each
observed during the two days spent on the summit:
» Iphiclides ajax L. var. telamonides
WE UTRP A GON fel crs Kalk Baa 2 1 specimen
Papilio glaucus L. form turnus L.. .3 specimens
MIP OPOe Ws i eck. ob a eel: 1 specimen
° Eurymus philodice Godart....:..... Common
Eurymus interior Scudder.......... Apparently common
Argynnts sp. (aphrodite Fabr.?)..... 1 specimen
Eugonia j-album Boisd. & Lec...... 1 specimen
Wmessongialania Tr. . oli) 6s ilo 4 specimens
Vanessa huntera Fabr............. 3 specimens
Basilarchia arthemis Drury........ .2 specimens
A single Hesperid, probably Erynnts sassacus Harris or
Thymelicus mystic Scudder. :
Woerabmuniber of Species observed... . 2... 6 as. ts 11
Mr. G. F. Comstock has also captured Eurymus interior in
the Adirondack region, specimens having been taken in the Marcy
marsh and at the summit of Mount Baxter, near Keene Valley
(Entomological News 14: 197).
While perhaps out of place in this article, it is of interest to
record the capture of a second male specimen of [phiclides ajax
telamonides in North Elba along the road to Keene (about 2,000 ft.
altitude). This specimen was taken on the flowers of the giant
fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium), on July 17, 1912.
6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vel. V1).
Professor C. H. Peck states that the papaw (Asimzina triloba),
on which the larva of ajax feeds, has not been found in this
region. The capture of the two specimens of this butterfly is there-
fore of botanical interest, as indicating the possibility of a station
for the papaw in the North Elba region.
We wish to take this opportunity of thanking Professor Peck
for naming our plants.
On the tropical American Rhipidiae (Tipulidae, Dipt.)
By Cuas. P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.*
The genus Rhipidia Meigen, remarkable in the possession of
strongly pectinated antennae in the males of many species, reaches
its maximum of specific development in the tropics of the New
World.
I have before m over fifty spectmens of American Rhipidiae,
referable to ten species, all of the described forms being included
excepting bzpectinata Will., costalis Will., bryantz Johns., tabescens
End., and typical subpectinata Will. The types of bryantz are in
Boston, and through the kindness of Mr. C. W. Johnson I was
able to examine them in December, 1911. In addition to the
hitherto known forms, I find among the material four new species
and three additional varieties which are characterized in this
paper. |
All of the known Rhipidiae are referable to three main groups,
which seem to be equivalent to subgenera, based on the structure
of the male antennae.
(1) The subgenus Rhipidia, constituting the maculata
group with bipectinate antennae, including the type of the genus,
maculata Meig., and btpectinata Will., costalts Will., calvertz sp. nov.,
cramptont sp. nov., and probably bryant: Johns., and tabescens End.,
these latter known only from the females.
(2) The subgenus Monorhipidia subg. nov., constituting the
umiseriata group, with unipectinate antennae, including fidelzs
Osten-Sacken, and untpectinata Will.
(3) The subgenus Arhipidia subg. nov., constituting the dom-
estica group, with subpectinated antennae, including two subgroups,
*Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Cornell University.
Oct., 1912, Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
[N
subpectinata Will. and its allies, annulicornis End., and schwarzi sp.
nov., and the domestica subgroup, with multiguttata sp. nov., and
domestica and its races.
The material studied is the property of the United States
National Museum, the American Museum of Natural History,
the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, and Cornell Univer-
sity; and I am indebted to Mr. Frederick Knab, Mr. John A.
Grossbeck, Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., and Dr. J. Chester Bradley
for the loan of the material. I wish to further express my appre-
ciation to Mr. Knab for kind advice and assistance in many mat-
ters.
Key to the American Rhipidie (males only.)
MEP AnLennae Of maledbipectinated:.:. 54.062). ieee ava ceeded noes 2
Antennae of male unipectinated or subpectinated................. 6
2. Flagellum with all except the last segment pectinated. (Wings
with five costal spots; hind tarsi light yellow.)
= yong bah bnew UA SUM Rn Oe pe ee calvertit, sp. n. (Costa Rica).
Flagellum with the first segment simple; one or more terminal seg-
TST SLE Se. 55 Sees ee eg 3
3. Wings nearly uniformly clouded with blackish; stigma dark.
(Flagellar segments long, bipectinated; dorsal thoracic stripes
not complete; pleural stripe distinct.)
3b cat abel Rae ete bipectinata Will.1 (Lesser Antilles).
MWines vanierated with spotsand dots.../ 2.0.0 50 6.6... 0. 06... ke 4
4. Wings with the spots confined to the vicinity of the veins. (An-
tennae black; terminal three or four segments simple.)
+ GS o-nigeao bee Dba ane eee costalis Will.? (Lesser Antilles).
Wings with numerous smaller spots and dots in all the cells........ 5
5. Antennae with shorter pectinations; wings greyish with brown spots;
several marks along costal margin.
ait dy Bodine can EO OIE maculata Meig.® (Holarctic region).
Antennae with longer pectinations; wings hyaline with reddish-
brown dots sprinkled in all the cells; larger costal marks not pres-
Cts wdc Oars See Ree eee cramptoni sp. n. re Brazil.)
6. Antennae of the male unipectinated (untseriata group). . Se
Antennae of the male subpectinated (domestica group)..
7. Thorax brown, gray pruinose; wings pale brownish, a w hitish blotch
in center of the disk; a round brown dot at origin of Rs, fork of
Rs and tip of Sc; tarsi brown... _fidelis O-S.* (Eastern Usa)
Thorax yellow; wings with darker clouds along the anterior margin;
apices of wings more clouded; posterior tarsi light yellow.
untpectinata Will.5......(Central America; Lesser Antilles).
cosy
1 Williston, Dipt. St. Vincent; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1896) 285, pl. 9,
fig. 54.
2 Williston, J. c., 286, pl. 9, fig. 56.
3 Meigen. System Beschreib. (1818) 1: 153, pl. 5, figs. 9-11.
4 Osten-Sacken. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (1859) 209.
5 Williston, /. c. 286, pl. 9, fig. 55
8 ‘Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
8. Mesonotal prescutum broadly edged with pale yellowish-white in
front and\onr sides: {fs ose ate ee 9
Mesonotal preescutum without a broad pale margin. 12
g. Wing membrane without numerous dots in the cells ( (subpectinata).. LO
Wing membrane dotted with pale brown in all the cells........... II
ro. Antennae yellow; head ochraceous-yellow pleural stripes narrow.
Se tee ines subpectinata subpectinata Will.6 (Lesser Antilles).
Antennae blackish; segments 12, 13, pale; head gray; pleural stripes
roadie ase subpectinata pleuralis subsp. n. (Central America.)
11. Antennae pale, except segments 7, 8 and 14; a large oval brown spot
at fork of media...... annulicornis End.7 (Trinidad, Colombia)
Antennae dark brown, except segments 12-13; wings without a large
blotch as described above... .schwarzi sp. n. (Greater Antilles)
12. Mesonotal prescutum without conspicuous dark brown marks,
unicolorous except behind; wings abundantly dotted in all the
Cells eRe nee multiguttata sp. n. (Central America).
Mesonotal prescutum with darker longitudinal lines; wings with
markings large, scanty, confined to the neighborhood of veins
(Gomesiiea) Wee Re rie alnre an ae Renee Obese nye aie 3. Sa 13
13. Thoracic prescutum with the middle stripes fused behind into a
rectangular blotch.
Ee olin SOT te domestica angustifrons subsp. n. (Ecuador).
Thoracic dorsum with a narrow stripe on either side of the pale
PLOUME MME esc nce hearse le Min ete Mone RON GO oe I4
14. Larger (wing of male 5.7-6.5 mm.); color darker; wings tinged with
lOO 6s eno a 4 domestica amazonensis subsp. n. (East Brazil).
Smaller (wing of male 5.4 mm.); color lighter; wings almost hyaline.
domestica domestica O-S.8 (Eastern U.S.; Central and Northern
rt ae gee, wk CHR yao Rh tes Aen Pes Ia ee S. America).
The following species, known only from the females, could
not be included in the above key: R. bryant: Johns.’ (Eastern
U.S.), probably allied to maculata, but in its wing pattern suggest-
ing members of the domestica group; deflection of Cu: unusually
far distad. It is a large, vigorous species, quite distinct from any
others that I have seen. KR. tabescens End."* (Western Brazil)
has a wing pattern very much like bryant:. It is quite impossible
to state with certainty the exact position of this insect.
’ Rhipidia calverti sp. n.
Antennae with first eleven flagellar segments long bipectinate;
pedicels of segments pale, whitish; thoracic pleurae with a dark
brown stripe; tip of hinder tarsi golden-yellow; wings subhyaline
S Walliston, J. ¢.287, pl. 9, fig. 57, pl: 10, fig. 57a:
7 Osten-Sacken, /. c. 208; Monographs, 4. pl. 3 fig. 5.
® Enderlein. Zool. Jahrb. (1912) 32: pt. I, 80-81, fig. V I.
9Johnson. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 35: no. 5, 123-124, pl. 16, fig. 20.
April, 1909.
10E nderlein, J. c. 81-82, fig. Z 1.
Oct.,1012, + Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 9
with five brown marks along costal margin.
Male: Length, 6.6 mm.; wing, 7.3 mm.; antenne, about .3
mm.; Middle leg, tibia, 6 mm.; tarsus, 6.1 mm.; Hind leg,
femur 6.8 mm.; tibia 7.5 mm.; tarsus 5.2 mm.
Head: Rostrum brown; palpi very dark brown, the last
segment very slender. Antennae (see fig. h), first segment
long cylindrical, second short, oval, about equal in size to the
swollen base of the first flagellar segment; segments 3-13 enlarged
at base into an oval knob, the inner side of this knob produced
into two long pectinations; on the third segment, the pectinations
a trifle over twice the length of the pedicel of the segment; pecti-
nations increasing in length to the 8th to 10th segments where the
pectinations are about three and one-half times as long as the
pedicel of the segment; from the 11th on gradually shortened to
the 13th; 14th segment simple, enlarged medially; there are
eleven pectinated segments, more than in maculata, bipectinata or
costalis; the pectinations are slender, tapering gradually to the
tip, which is not enlarged. Segments at the base with two long
hairs on the side opposite from the pectination, and the pectinate
arm is densely clothed with delicate pale hairs. Pedicels to the
flagellar segments rather long, subequal, conspicuously more
slender than the enlarged base. Segments brown on the knot
and pectinate arm, the pedicel conspicuously white. Front and
vertex extremely narrow between the eyes, practically divided
at the narrowest point; front, vertex and occiput dark blackish-
gray.
Thorax: Cervical sclerites brownish-yellow. Pronotum
brown on dorsum, more yellowish-brown on sides. Mes-
onotum, prescutum, brownish-yellow with a broad rich reddish-
brown dorsal stripe on each side of the narrow ground middle line,
these diverging towards the suture; scutum dull yellow, very
pale, whitish, in the middle, most of the lobes reddish-brown,
these large spots being the caudal ends of the preescutual stripes;
scutellum very pale, whitish; postnotum yellowish. Pleurae
light yellow, darkened on the ventral half; a broad, dark brown
stripe from the pronotum across the pleurae ending above the
metacoxae, where a less distinct band runs cephalad, traversing
the sides of the sternum, including the outer faces of the coxae.
Halteres, extreme base and most of the knob, light yellow, stem
c
10 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
and base of knob dark brown. Legs: fore legs gone; middle leg
coxae and trochanters yellowish, outer face of coxa darkened;
femora dull yellow, rather darkened apically; tibize dull brownish
yellow; tarsi brown; hind leg similar to middle, but tarsal seg-
ments 2 to 4 conspicuously light golden yellow, the 5th black.
Wings hyaline, costal margin with five grayish-brown marks, the
third over the origin of Rs, the fourth at tip of Sc, the last, stigmal
darkish; the interspaces between these marks cream colored;
veins brown, darkest in the brown marks, lightest, cream colored
on subcosta in the interspaces. Cord, outer end of cell Ist M:, and
cell RK in under the dark marks with scarcely visible darker clouds
(see fig. d). Venation: Sc long, ending beyond the middle of
Rs; Sc. at its tip; Ks long, basal deflection of M:-++», less than
one-half as long as the second section of M:+: (between r-m and
m); basal deflection of Cu: just before the fork of M.
Abdomen: Tergum brown; sternum lighter, yellowish-brown.
Holotype, male, Rio Surubres, Costa Rica. Bonnefil F’m.
800 ft. altitude, October 20, 1909. By sweeping, coll. Dr. P. P.
Calvert. Type, coll. Am. Ent. Soc) Phila” Named ingheaur
of the distinguished student of Odonata, Dr. P. P. Calvert, who
collected the type 1n Costa Rica while securing material for the
Biologia Centrali-Americana. It is a magnificent insect, nearest
allied, perhaps, to bzpectinata Will.
Rhipidia cramptoni sp. n.
Antennae with ten flagellar segments long bipectinated; anten-
nae brownish; thoracic pleurae dark on the metapleurae and caudal
portions of the mesopleurae; wings light yellow with numerous
dots in almost all the cells; conspicuous costal blotches lacking.
Male: Length 5.3 mm.; wing, 7.1 mm.
Head: Rostrum light brown; palpi yellow. Antennae (see
fig. i), first segment elongate-cylindrical; 2nd globular, its dia-
meter greater than the first; 3rd segment subglobular basally
with a very short pedicel, less than one-half the length of the swol-
len portion; 4th segment, base small, globular, produced into two
pectinations on the under side, pectinations short, only a little
longer than the segment itself, the dorsal pectination rather short-
er, pedicel of the segment longer than the enlarged base; 5th seg-
ment, base subglobose, with the pectinations more elongate and
slender, pedicel a little longer than that of the 4th segment; 6th
Oc., 1012 ~—- Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society ily
segment, base only a little enlarged, ovate, pectinations long, at
least twice as long as the entire segment, pedicel longer than that
of the 5th segment; segments 7 to 11 with the bases oval, pectin-
ations very long, pedicels long and slender; 12th segment, with
the swollen base elongate-ovate, pectinations and pedicel shorter
than in the 11th segment; 13th segment, base elongate, pectina-
tions short, about as long as those of segment 4 but more slender,
pedicel short; 14th segment slender, more enlarged basally. Seg-
ments 1-2 dark brown; segment 3 and bases of succeeding seg-
ments light brown; pectinations dark brown with numerous pale
hairs; pedicels very pale, almost white; two long hairs on side
of each basal swelling, opposite to the pectinations. Front with
a conspicuous tubercle in the middle; vertex between the eyes
very narrow. Front, vertex and occiput very dark brown, sparse-
ly gray pruinose.
Thorax: cervical sclerites dark brownish-black. Pronotum
very dark brown. Mesonotum, prescutum rich reddish-brown,
darker brown dorsally, in front and on the caudal half; scutum,
lobes dark brown with a large yellow spot in the center of each;
scutellum yellowish-brown; postnotum dull yellow. Pleurae, pro-
pleurae dark brown on dorsal half, light yellow pollinose on ventral
half; cephalic two-thirds of the mesopleurae light yellow; remain-
der of pleurae very dark brown. Halteres light yellow. Legs
broken; fore coxa and trochanter light yellow; middle and hind
coxae very dark brown basally; apically, and the trochanters,
pale, whitish. Wing: light yellow, the cells C and Sc rather
brighter; no large brown blotches along costa, as in maculata,
costalis and calverti; a small brown spot at end of Sc, another on
cross-vein 7; a larger brown spot at origin of Ks; a large spot at
tip of 2nd A. Faint narrow seams along the cross-veins and
deflections of veins, especially on Cu, just above the fork of Cu.
Numerous pale grayish-brown dots sprinkled in most of the cells
(cells Sc and 1st M2» excepted). (See fig. c). Venation: Sc
rather long, ending before the middle of Rs; cell lst M: small;
basai, deflection of Cu: far before the fork of M.
Abdomen: Tergum dull yellow; segments 2 and 3 mostly
dark brown; 4 to 7 dark brown apically; sternum dull yellow.
Holotype, male, North Brazil, August 17, 1911 (coll. H. E.
Crampton). Typeincoll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. I take pleasure
12 Builetin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
in naming this fine insect after Professor H. E. Crampton, who
collected the type on his recent trip with Dr. Lutz in British
Guiana and Northern Brazil.
RHIPIDIA UNIPECTINATA Williston.
A female from the United States National Museum, deter-
mined by Coquillet as unzpectinata, agrees well in most respects;
however, the stem and knob of the halteres is deep black, not
brown; wings with distinct costal blotches, etc. The coloration:
of the posterior tarsi is very similar to that of R. calverti, which has
long, bipectinated male antennae, not long unipectinate antennae
as described for unipectinata. The specimen is labelled “ Patalue,
_ Guatemala. 700ift. (Dr. G. Eisen.) Received Jan. 6, 1903.”
Rhipidia subpectinata pleuralis subsp. n.
Resembles subpectinata Will., of the Lesser Antilles, but is
larger, the antennae dark brownish-black excepting the light yellow
12th and 13th segments; head brownish, gray pruinose, not
“ochraceous yellow.’”’ Thorax: mesonotum, praescutum as de-
scribed for subpectinata but with a broad median grayish stripe
overlying the brownish dorsum; scutum and scutellum broadly
whitish medially, brownish on the sides, a dark brown stripe on
either side of the pale median stripe. Pleurae not “with a narrow
black stripe”? but with a broad black band, clearly defined on the
dorsal margin, below suffusing the ventral pleural sclerites; an
indistinct narrow stripe over the base of the coxz, almost confluent
with the broad dorsal band. Halteres light yellow, knob a little
darker. Legs: femora with an indistinct subapical brown band;
wings as in subpectinata. Abdomen dark brown, tergites 8 and 9
light yellow; sternites yellowish.
Male: Length 4.8 mm.; wing, 5.7 mm. Female: length
4.9 mm.; wing, 5.8 mm.
Holotype, male, Trece Aguas, Cacao, Alta Vera Paz, Guate-
mala, March 28 (coll. Schwarz and Barber). Allotype, female,
Bocas de Toro, Panama, 1905 (coll. McKenney). Types in coll.
Us Nete Wiis:
It is probable that comparison with subpectinata will give
this form specific rank. The description of subpectinata agrees
closely with annulicornis End., except in the finely spotted wings
of the latter. The pale antennae of these two forms is quite differ-
ent from that of pleuralis, which agrees in this respect with schwarz
Oct.,1912 ~~ Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 13
or domestica. Whether the specimen listed from Mexico (Teapa
in Tabasco) by Professor Williston (Biol. Cent. Amer. Diptera 1,
Suppl. 226, Dec. 1900) refers to this variety or not is uncertain.
RHIPIDIA ANNULICORNIS Enderlein.
I have four specimens that agree closely with Enderlein’s
description except in their smaller size. The female has never been
described, and I make this the allotype.
Allotype, female, quite like the male in color; valves of the
ovipositor are rather short, tergal valves very slender, arcuated;
sternal valves bladelike, almost straight.
Male: Length, 4.1 mm.; wing, 5.2-5.4 mm. Female: 4.3-
-4.4mm.; wing, 5.4-5.5 mm.
Allotype, female, Trinidad, June (Aug. Busck); three speci-
mens, 27 1¢ with the allotype. Allotype and 17 1¢ in Coll.
U.S. Nat. Mus.; 12 in author’s collection. Some of the speci-
mens are very pale as though newly transformed.
’ Rhipidia schwarzi sp. n.
Antennae subpectinate; mesothoracic prescutum with a
broad pale margin; wings with numerous dots in the cells; anten-
nae mostly black.
Male: Length about 5.5 mm.; wing, 5.4-6.3 mm. (type).
femora, 4.3 mm.; tibia, 5.2 mm.
Male: Head: rostrum and palpi dark brownish-black.
Antennae, first segment elongate-cylindrical; flagellar segments
strongly subpectinated, less marked on the apical segments.
Antennae dark brown, segments 12-13 white. Front, vertex and
occiput dark brown, thickly gray-pollinose, clearer gray behind.
Thorax: Pronotum' above almost white, especially the scutel-
lum. Mesonotum, prescutum, lateral and cephalic margin
broadly pale yellow, very conspicuous, narrowest just before the
wing root, broadest in front; remainder of the sclerite rich chest-
nut-brown, darkest brown just inside the pale lateral band; scutum,
lobes dull chestnut, pale, grayish, medially and on sides. Pleurae
brown, dorsal edge light yellow, continued back from the preescutal
margin, becoming almost white behind the wing root, a dark brown
stripe extending from the cervical sclerites caudad, running above
the fore coxa, beneath the root of the halteres, fusing with the dark
abdominal pleural stripe; ventral portions of pleurae and the ster-
num pale, grayish-pollinose. Halteres light yellow, knob a little
14 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
darker brown. Legs, coxae dark externally, pale on the inner
face; trochanters and base of femora pale yellow; femora darker
brownish apically, especially in the fore legs; tibiae and tarsi yel-
lowish-brown. Wings hyaline or nearly so, brown spots at tip of
Sci, on cross-vein 7, at origin of Rs; cross-veins and deflections of
veins seamed with pale brown; cells with large, pale brown spots
scattered over their area (see fig. e). Venation: Sc rather long,
ending about over the middle of Ks; basal deflection of Cu: far
before the fork of M.
Abdomen: Tergum light brown, extreme lateral edge dark
brownish-black; sternum lighter colored, the lateral margins
broadly brown.
Holotype, male, St. Domingo (F. E. Campbell). Paratype,
male, Cayamas, Cuba, February 22 (E. A. Schwarz). Types in
coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. (No. 15, 138). I take pleasure in naming
this fine member of the subpectinata group after Dr. Eugene A.
Schwarz, the distinguished coleopterist, who collected the Cuban
specimen.
Rhipidia multiguttata, sp. n.
Antennae subpectinate; mesothoracic prescutum not mar-
gined with pale and without conspicupous brown stripes; wings
with numerous dots in the cells.
Male: Length, about 5.5 mm.; wing, 7.4-7.6mm. Fore
leg, femur, 4.85 mm.; tibia, 5.4 mm. Hind leg, femur, 6.1 mm.;
tibia, 6.5 mm.; tarsus,5.8mm. Female: Length, about 5.8 mm.;
wing, 7.9 mm.
Male: Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae,
first segment elongate-cylindrical; 2nd oval, large, flagellar seg-
ments subpectinated, the distal ones less strongly. Antennae
dark brown, the apical flagellar segments lighter brown, with dense
whitish hairs. Front dark brown with a short blunt tubercle in
the middle; vertex between the eyes rather broad (for males of
this genus), light brownish-gray, pollinose; extreme hind margin of
occiput brown.
Thorax: Pronotum, scutum dark brown; scutellum light
yellow, raised above the level of the prescutum. Mesonotum,
prescutum brown, more yellowish behind, medially light chestnut-
brown, darkening to a deeper brown just before the suture; sides
of the sclerite just before the suture so that the caudal half of the
Oc..,1912, Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 15
prescutum appears trivittate; scutum yellowish-gray, clearest
medially, a brown spot in the middle of each lobe; scutellum and
postnotum brownish-gray pruinose, a narrow brown median
stripe on the latter. Pleurae brownish-gray with two narrow dark
brown stripes traversing the pleural sclerites, the most dorsal be-
ginning over the fore coxa, the ventral one behind the fore coxa.
Halteres light yellow, knob a little browner. Legs: coxae yellowish-
brown; trochanters and femora light yellow, the latter with
an indistinct brown subapical ring; tibiae and tarsi dull yellow,
the last tarsal segments brown. Wings hyaline or nearly so;
veins yellowish; a brown spot at origin of Rs, at tip of Sc, in
cell Sc at about two-thirds its length; brown seam to cross-vein 7,
fork of Ks, cross-veins and deflections of veins; a series of larger
pale brown spots in cell M along vein Cu; all cells thickly
sprinkled with very pale brown dots (see fig. a). Venation: Sc
rather short, ending before the middle of Rs; basal deflection of
Cu: sometimes far before fork of M, sometimes closer to fork as
in the paratype figured.
Abdomen: Tergites dull yellow, narrowly brown on the sides
and on the caudal margin, indistinctly darker medially; sternites
dull yellow, brownish on lateral edges.
Female: Quite as in male, in the allotype the brown marks
on the caudal part of the prasscutum not evident.
Holotype, male, Totonicipan, Guatemala, 1902 (Dr. G. Eisen).
Allotype, female, with the type.
Paratype, female, Guatemala, July, 1902 (Dr. G. Eisen).
dives im-coll: U.S. Nat.’ Mus:: (No. 15, 137).
RHIPIDIA DOMESTICA Osten-Sacken.
Head: Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae dark brownish-
black; segments 12-13 almost white. Front, vertex and occiput
light gray.
Thorax: Pronetum light brown with a dark brown median
stripe. Mesonotum, prescutum golden-sericeous on sides and
behind; a broad, clear median stripe with darker lines as follows:
a conspicuous dark brown line on either side of the very narrow
ground line, occupying the caudal two-fifths of the sclerite; two
small dark brown spots in front of the anterior ends of these marks
and two still smaller dots on the humeri; a narrow median brown
line on the front of the sclerite, broadest in front; a broad lateral
Mae Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society = Vol. Vill
stripe shorter than the caudal median stripe, running to the suture
and overspreading the lobes of the scutum, making the sclerite
bivittate; scutellum similar in color to the scutum; postnotum
grayish. Pleurae light yellowish-brown with two narrow brown
stripes. Halteres light yellow, knob not distinctly darker. Legs:
coxae traversed by the ventral pleural band; trochanters light
yellow; femora yellow darkened toward the tip; tibiae and tarsi
yellowish-brown. Wings almost hyaline; dark brown clouds at
base of cell Sc, at three-fifths of the length of Sc, at origin of Rs; a
pale, circular hyaline-centered cloud at the stigma; in center of
cell 2nd R., along cord, in centers of radial cells, at tips of the
veins, etc. Venation see fig. g. .
Abdomen: Tergum brown, apices of the sclerites broadly
darker brown; genitalia yellow; sternum yellowish-brown.
Male: Length, 5.3 mm.; wing, 5.4 mm. Female: 4.5-5.8
mm.; 6.1-7 mm.
The specimens that I have before me are as follows: (1)
Baracoa, Cuba, September, 1901 (Aug. Busck), 7, wing figured.
(2) Balaclava, ~Jamaica (TD. Di A] Cockerell)1o5 (Geet
Cruz, Mexico, December 14, 1907 (Frederick Knab), 9. (4)
Cordoba, Mexico, December 25, 1907 (Frederick Knab), 9. (5)
Trinidad, June (Aug. Busck), ¢. (6) With the last, 9.
All of the specimens are in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., except No.
4, which I have retained for my cabinet.
Rhipidia domestica angustifrons subsp. n.
Like domestica Osten-Sacken, but coloration different. Eyes
large, in dried specimens light gray, not black, possibly not normal;
vertex between the eyes long and narrow; vertex with a large
brown spot in the center. Thorax with the median stripes con-
fluent forming a rectangular mark on the caudal portion of the
sclerite; lateral preescutal stripes very broad, triangular, the usual
dots in front of the median blotch are, as a rule, produced into
long, narrow streaks, with a third one between them in the middle,
making the cephalic half of the praescutum appear trivittate;
lobes of the scutum mostly brown; scutellum very pale. Pleural
stripes broader but ill-delimited. Wing, fig. f.
Male: Length, about 5mm.; wing,6mm. Female: Length
about 6.8 mm.; wing, 6.8 mm.
Holotype, male, Guayaquil, Ecuador (Francisco Campos).
Vol. VIII Pi. I.
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety
ALEXANDER—TROPICAL AMERICAN RHIPIDIAE.
Od.,1012 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 17
Allotype, female, with the type. Paratypes, male and female,
with the type. Types in coll. U.S. Nat. ae (No. 15136); one
male paratype in author’s collection.
Rhipidia domestica amazonensis subsp. n.
Like domestica Osten-Sacken but much larger and darker in
color, the thorax much browner, the lateral prescutal stripes
curve distad at their ends, suffusing the lateral edge of the scutum
with dark brown; postnotum not conspicuously gray-pollinose ;
fore femora very dark brown; wings distinctly tinged with brown,
markings darker, better defined. Wing, fig. b.
Male: Length, about 5.7-5.8 mm.; wing, 5.7-6.5 mm.
Female: Length, about 6.1-7.1 mm.; wing, 6-7.8 mm.
Holotype, male, Igarape-Assi, Para, Brazil, February 3, 1912
(H.S. Parish). Allotype, female, with the type, February 1, 1912.
Paratypes, 9 7, 1 ?, with the type, January 23rd to February 4,
1912. Types in coll. Cornell University; paratypes in coll. U.S.
Nat. Mus. and in author’s collection.
Explanation of Plate I.
(N. B. The wings are all drawn to scale by means of the Cornell pro-
jection lantern and show the relative size of the species.)
a—Wi ing of Rhipidia multiguitata, sp. n. &.
l= domestica amazonensis, subsp. n. .¢
c=" % cramptont, sp. n. &.
d— “ . calverti, sp. n. &.
e— * 4 schwarzl, sp. n. o.
f— * 5 domestica angustifrons, subsp. n. &.
eee . domestica domestica O. S.
h—Antenna of “ calverti, sp. n. &.
- ‘ ‘
i— ‘ rite FE cramptoni, sp. n. &.
18 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
Editorial.
From a slumber lasting twenty-eight years, the BULLETIN
of the Brooklyn Entomological Society awakens, not like Rip
Van Winkle, to find itself aged and enfeebled, but replete with
vigor and strength. We are confident that in joining once more
the ranks of American entomological periodicals the BULLETIN
will be accorded the right hand of fellowship and welcomed as an
additional medium of publication for the benefit of a rapidly
developing science.
Not often is it vouchsafed to one of the founders of a maga-
zine to speak again through its pages after the lapse of so long
an interval; and the reminiscences of the honored as well as
honorary president of the Brooklyn Entomological Society,
printed elsewhere in this issue, are therefore of peculiar interest.
For the benefit of those who are not familiar with the history of
the Society’s publications, we may add by way of supplement to
Mr. Graef’s article that the BULLETIN was first issued in 1878
and discontinued publication in 1884 at the close of the seventh
volume. It was succeeded by Entomologica Americana, which —
represented a consolidation between the BULLETIN and Papilio.
The BULLETIN will make a special feature of short notes, new
or noteworthy records and general observations. The longer
and more technical articles will ordinarily be printed in serial
form, but it has been necessary to depart somewhat from this
policy in the initial issue, which, therefore contains more than
the normal number of pages. The important contribution by
Mr. Alexander, however, being accompanied by a single plate,
could not very well be divided. In the next issue of the BULLETIN
we shall include a number of short notes and also some interesting
Long Island records.
The pagination of the magazine will be increased as our
subscription list warrants. This issue is being distributed exten-
sively among entomologists, and we advise those who wish to
secure complete sets to subscribe at once, as the edition is limited.
We may add that the publication committee has determined to
make no exchanges, for the reason that they would be of little use
to the Society under present conditions. Therefore, a subscrip-
tion will be necessary to secure copies of the BULLETIN after the
present issue.
Oc., 1912 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 19
Proceedings of The Brooklyn Entomological Society.
The regular monthly meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
was held on October 10, 1912, at 55 Stuyvesant Ave., with nineteen members
and three visitors present. F. Conrad Pasch, 1224 75th St., Brooklyn, and
H. H. Brehme, 73 13th Ave., Newark, were elected to membership.
Dr. D. S. Martin, of the Charleston, S. C., museum exhibited his collec-
tion of insects embalmed in copal. The copal is a fossilized gum, the exuda-
tion of a deciduous tree, Zvicholobium mozambicense, which still survives,
although the copal of commerce dates from the Quaternary or post-Tertiary
age. The New Zealand product has not been found to contain insects. That
from Brazil has shown only termites. The Zanzibar product is mined several
miles inland in sand which was formerly of the seashore, and this locality
yielded all the specimens in the collection exhibited. All orders were repre-
sented, the two commonest species being a scolytid beetle and a small bee.
A hundred bees were imbedded in a piece of copal less than two inches long.
The specimens of beetles were especially fine, their hard bodies having pre-
vented distortion. Through the polished gum all the anatomical structures
could be made out in numerous instances distinctly enough for description
as species. Notable were a Trichodes, two elaters and a scarabeid. There
was one fine reduviid, and a large number of jassids and other small Hemiptera.
Small Diptera and Hymenoptera were numerous. Two Lepidoptera only
were in the collection; one moth had a wing spread of nearly 1% inches.
A number of insects in amber were also shown, amber being a similar
gum, but coming from a coniferous tree of the early Tertiary or Oligocene
period.
A member of the Society described the process of embalming now going
on in pine gum. Pine trunks are gashed with an axe during the winter. In
early spring the sap exudes freely and slowly hardens. Insects get their feet
caught in the sticky gum and soon perish and are buried by the later exuda-
tions.
Exhibition of specimens from the summer's collections completed the
session. A notable fly shown by Mr. Marshall was Volucella obesa, a Southern
species caught at Sheepshead Bay. Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a box of beetles,
adding to the list of Long Island records. Lebia pleuritica, generally very rare,
was taken copiously by beating oak at Central Park. Metachroma pallidum,
laterale and /evicolle were taken together in numbers, varying from pale straw
color to almost black and tending to show that the three are only two good
species. Bythinus bithinoides is a Long Island record. Yaphank yielded
Brachyacantha albifrons, the western form of ursina. Ditoma pinicola was
beaten freely from oak. Puityobius anguinus, a Northern elater, Strategus
anteus, Lachnosterna knochit and Trichius texanus, Southern forms, were re-
corded from Long Island. Zabrotes subnitens and Anthonomus scutellaris
were beaten from Prunus marituma. Cryptorhynchus fuscatus was also
recorded. Elytroleptus floridanus can no longer be considered remarkably rare
on the island.
20 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society — Vol. VIII
The prize capture by Mr. Pasch was the noctuid Thysania zenobia at
sugar in South Brooklyn. There were two other records this summer of this
hitherto unseen stranger from the far south. ;
Mr. Schott’s prize was a cerambycid, Ceratographis biguttatus from Oak-
dale, not previously recorded from the East.
R. P. Dow,
Recording and Corresponding Secretary.
EXCHANGES
Following the custom of other entomological publications, the
BULLETIN will be glad to give space to exchange notices sent in by its
- subscribers. For all-matter in excess of three lines a charge will be made
of ten cents per line. To ensure publication in the next issue, such notices
should be sent in not later than the first day of the month in which the
BULLETIN is published.
WANTED—Living cocoons of polyphemus from any locality for experimental
purposes. American and exotic Saturniadae in exchange.—Public Museum,
Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences, New Brighton, N. Y.
fg teas Hsin | President ge DE hehe
oe WILLIAM T. DAVIS
Yy be President: a ey
oe A. BATHER
| Recording and ‘Goreme Secretary
CREP Dow i a
"Feeder ,
te E. OLSEN
ee i. E - Dibreten We
poe C. WHEAT ©
ee ea Cinder’
_ GEORGE, F RANCK —
nage
cath from ere to ae inclusive, at 55 Stuyvesant Artic
ei: The . Sea dues are Be oe
. ; ~ ex
‘ t
\
' RC
+ ‘
x ;. ¥ haw
Rao fie y : 9 - :
Amenican Entomological Company |
Office and Salesrooms Factories
55 STUYVESANT AVE. 936 DE KALB AVE.
Telephone 1746 Bushwick. 1785 BERGEN ST.
The only EXCLUSIVE dealers in Lseuoibloateat wont
of all kinds.
The largest and mad complete stock of LEPIDOPTERA in the world. ,
Economic insects of all orders a special feature. Life histories of injurious
and beneficial insects in any style desired.
Collections of insects, showing MIMICRY and PROTECTIVE q
COLORATION.
Write for list of insects—Price 25 cents, to applicants not on our books.
_ Amount is refunded to purchasers. Se
Manufacturers of insect boxes, cases and builders of cabinets. Anything
special in the line of boxes, cases or cabinets made to order. —
Manufacturers of the ONLY GENUINE SCHMITT INSECT :
BOX, absolutely hand made, in all the various styles.
The only. manufacturers of the AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL ~
CO. INSECT PINS, used exclusively by the U.S. Department of
Entomology and all Experiment Stations scattered throughout the
United States. Exported to all parts of the world. These pins have ;
gained a world wide reputation in a comparatively short space of time.
RIKER MOUNTS
| IN ALL SIZES
SUPPLY LIST ON APPLICATION FREE OF CHARGE.
The most prominent entomological publications always on hand.
Distributors of Explanation of Terms by Dr. John B. Smith, published by ; 4
the Brooklyn Entomological Society.
Subscriptions received for the Bulletin of the: Brooklyn Entomelgial :
Society, commencing with Vol. 8.
Send in your subscription. Price $1.00 per year, in advance. ‘
GEORGE FRANCK,
Manager and President. a
a ‘Av
ee ee Te,
DECEMBER, 1912 No. 2
BULLETIN
OF THE
" SoclETY
NEW SERIES
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE SStcnal Museu
CHARLES LOUIS POLLARD |
CHARLES SCHAEFFER . ROBERT P. DOW
* Published by the Society
Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society
Published in
October, December, February, April and June of each year.
Subscription price, $1.00 per year in advance; single copies 25 cents ;
to members of the Brooklyn Entomological Society the subscription price is
50 cents, single copies 15 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short
articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited.
Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication.
_ Address subscriptions and all communications to
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society,
‘Central Museum, Eastern Parkway,
Brooklyn, N. Y.
CONTENTS
December, 1912 |
Page —
SOME ANCIENT BELIEFS CONCERNING INSECTS. Harry B. Weiss.. 21
“ AN EARLY RECORD OF SWARMS OF LACHNOSTERNA IN KANSAS.
Fey MBs Websters cio (susie stnet ima ites clan eth pnaneas Catt oh oc a eae 23
’ ON THE ENDURANCE OF CIMEX LECTULARIUS. C.E. Olsen...... 24
ON METACHROMA LATERALE, PALLIDUM AND LAEVICOLLE.
Charles Schaeffer AU Nae BORE EUSA eat TN e/a ae 5,
THREE NEW SPECIES OF HISTER. Charles Schaeffer....... Se ee 06
RDTUORTAL ite et er ak en ae ER MeL aN Ma:
NOTESCAND ‘RECORDS! . 0) eee er A OA ae
CORRESPONDENCE ......... Ce Ee NER GR Ue 1 a ere 31
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ‘ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY: =)\a2i a
Ee Liee TN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
wor. Vill DECEMBER, 1912 No. :
Some Ancient Beliefs Concerning Insects.
By Harry B. WeEtrss, New Brunswick, N. J.
Few things are more interesting than the beliefs of the ancients
concerning insects, and in this day of research and experimenta-
tion one is inclined to wonder how it was possible for such theories
ever to be held.
As to the eggs of the house mosquito, Culex pipiens, the
female after having laid the proper number on the surface of
the water surrounded them with a kind of “unctuous” matter
which kept them from sinking immediately, and then fastened
them with a thread to the bottom of the pool. This prevented
them from floating at the mercy of every breeze,—from a suitable
place to one less suitable. As they came to maturity they sank
deeper and deeper and upon reaching the bottom, hatched into
larve. This description is credited to Langallo, who mentioned
it in a letter to Redi, printed at Florence in 1679. Of course
the impossibility of a mosquito spinning a thread and plunging
under water with it, was evidently not thought of.
Honey-dew was described by Dr. Good as “‘a peculiar haze
or mist loaded with a poisonous miasm that stimulates the leaves
to a morbid secretion of saccharine and viscid juice,’ and another
writer accounted for it by electric changes in the air. It is evi-
dent from this that our ancient friends were not careful observers
in some cases.
Coming to galls, the physiology of which is not understood
even at the present day, Reaumur gives the following remarkable
explanation: ‘‘After the female has pierced the part of the plant
which she selects, she ejects into the cavity a drop of her corrod-
ing liquor and immediately lays an egg or more there; the cir-
culation of the sap being thus interrupted and thrown by the
poison into a state of fermentation, that burns the contiguous
22 Bulletin og the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
parts and changes the natural color. The sap turned from its
_ proper channels, extravasates and flows round the eggs while
its surface is dried by the external air and hardens into a vaulted
form.”’
It is known at present that the fluid ejected during oviposi-
tion is a lubricant and that the puncture made by the ovipositer
has nothing to do with the formation of thle gall and it is supposed
that a larval fluid stimilates the growth of certain plant cells.
Taking everything into consideration, this explanation is not
much better than the previous one.
As to transformations of insects, Swammerdam was of the
opinion that the changes from egg to larva and pupa to adult
_ were effected by the “‘evaporation of the superabundant fluids.”’
According to him the egg was nothing more than the insect itself
“which required the evaporation of the surrounding moisture
and casting of the old skin to bring it to its perfect form.’
Coming back to galls again, the parasitism of these result-
ing in different species emerging from one gall gave rise to the
fanciful theory that they were generated by the ‘‘vegetative
and sensitive soul in the plant.’’ This same theory also accounted
or was supposed to account for the presence of larvae in nuts and
fruits of different kinds.
Two other prominent naturalists in their day, Ray and
Godart found the same difficulty in explaining the issuance of.
parasites from lepidopterous larvae and pupae. They supposed
that if through some defect Nature could not bring the cater-
pillar to maturity, in order that her aim would not be entirely
defeated, she formed it into insects of a smaller size.
_ Plant lice and ants, always being found together, it was
concluded that the ants ‘“‘shed upon the leaves of plants a sort
of plastic humour from which the lice were generated.’’ More
than this, the atmosphere was loaded with countless numbers
of insect eggs, ‘“‘so small as to elude the senses.”’ These eggs
after meeting a-proper bed, hatched in a few hours and caused
what was known as a blight.
Bonnett and Reaumur confused pollen and wax and thought
that the wax was collected by the bees from all sorts of trees
and plants and afterward kneaded by the feet of other bees into
plates. Even honey was believed by some to be ‘‘an emanation
Dec.,r912_ + Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 23
of the air, a dew that descended upon flowers,” as if it had a
special commission to fall only upon them.
The suctorial mouth of the flea was described by Mouffet
as “the point of his nib is something hard that he may make
it enter the better and it must necessarily be hollow that he may
suck out the blood and carry it in.’”’ Furthermore, Mouffet
says, ‘‘the lesser, leaner and younger fleas are, the sharper they
bite, the fat ones being more inclined to tickle and play.’’
And as for mosquitoes, ‘‘the gnats in America do so splash
and cut that they will pierce through very thick clothing, so that
it is excellent sport to behold how ridiculously the barbarous
people, when they are bitten, will frisk and skip and slap with
their hands, their thighs, buttocks, shoulders, arms and sides
even as a carter doth a horse.”
This sounds very much as if Mouffet had at one time been
in New Jersey. Conditions are now; however, considerably
better.
An Early Record of Swarms of Lachnosterna (Coleop.) in Kansas.
By F. M. Wesster, Washington, D. C.
It is not often that we get glimpses of the out-of-door actions
of insects in a country not yet defaced by the advance of civiliza-
tion. The knowledge that we do get is generally confined to more
or less careful and complete collections made by naturalists passing
through the country, stopping only to camp for a night, or, perhaps
during a stormy day. Besides, it seems as though even these
occasional glimpses given by travelers are doomed to become
covered up in a mass of other information, and so lost sight of as to
be overlooked by entomologists. A good illustration of this is to
be found in Francis Parkman’s ‘‘ The California and Oregon Trail.”
Sometime about the middle or perhaps the latter part of May,
1846, when passing from Fort Leavenworth over the St. Joseph
trail, east of the Big Blue River, probably in a section of country
now included in northern Nemaha, or, possibly Marshall County,
Kansas, swarms of Lachnosterna were encountered. It was during
a pleasant evening on the prairies and the air was observed to be
24 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
full of the beetles, or ‘“‘dor-bugs,’”’ as Parkman terms them. Be-
sides, they were flying about just above the tops of the grass blades
making a droning sound as if twenty bee-hives had been over-
turned at once, while the ground was thickly perforated with holes
from which the beetles were supposed to have emerged. A little
later in the evening they invaded the tents of the travelers, hum-
ming over their heads like bullets, getting down their necks and
marching over their faces during the night, while in the morning
several dozen were found clinging to the inner folds of their
blankets. The cook, who had evidently left melted grease in his
frying pan over night, found the bottom covered with beetles
firmly embedded in the hardened grease. Multitudes of the beetles
were also found lying parched and shriveled among the ashes of
the campfire of the previous evening.
On the Endurance of Swarms of Cimex lectularius L | Hemip |.
By C. E. Ousen, Maspeth, N. Y.
In preparing some specimens of this bug for microscopic
examination I was astonished at the degree of endurance they dis-
played. On July 4th I brought home about twenty individuals
in small vials; they soon began to breed and many eggs and young
were obtained in the first two weeks. They were then laid aside
and not again examined until September 2nd. At this time I still
found life in some of the adults, and many of the young were very
active. They were again put aside until October 12th, when all
the full grown ones were found to have died as well as some of the
young in the first instar and all of those in the second instar, but
there were still some very active young in the first instar. I ex-
posed these to cyanide for four or five minutes and removed them
in the supposition that all were dead, but I was much mistaken,
for they became very lively ina short time. I then immersed them
in denatured alcohol, and here again was greatly surprised at the
resistence shown. Asa rule it required at least fifteen minutes to
kill them by this method, and one particular specimen resisted
death for nineteen minutes, having been immersed at 12:29 P. M.,
and not ceasing all activity until 12:48.
Mr. H. G, Barber recently mentioned having discovered this
Dee. 1912 ~—- Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 25
species plentiful in a chicken coop. Commenting upon this fact
to Mr. O. Aakerson of Winfield, L. I., I learned that the
bug had troubled him in the same way for the last five
years. When I investigated the abandoned coop I found thou-
sands of individuals in all the cracks and crevices and under the
peeling layers of whitewash, and by passing the mouth of an open
vial along the under side of one of the roof beams about fifty were
gathered in.
On Metachroma laterale, pallidum and laevicolle (Coleop.).
By CHARLES SCHAEFFER, Brooklyn, N. Y.
While collecting at Central Park, Long Island, this year in
company with my friend William T. Davis, a considerable number
of what I then thought to be one variable species of Metachroma
could have been obtained by beating branches of Quercus mary-
landica. WHowever, only some twenty or thirty specimens were
bottled, mostly selected as representing all possible color variations.
Examining the series at home, after they were mounted, I was
surprised to find that, according to the descriptions, they were re-
ferable to the three species mentioned above. The two species,
laterale and pallidum, however, do not differ from each other except
that the former has a large, black spot laterally at the middle of
each elytron while pallidum is entirely pale. Suspecting that
laevicolle was only an extreme smooth form of these, I looked for
intermediates but even with additional material obtained on a
second trip, I did not succeed in finding any.
Crotch and Horn describe laevicolle as uniformly pale, and I
have not observed it mentioned elsewhere that this species is
variable in coloration, ranging from thorax and elytra uniformly
pale to almost entirely black as shown by my long series.
Besides the difference in sculpture of the thorax and head the
origin or the starting point of the black color is also different in
laevicolle and laterale. The black color in laevicolle starts always at
the suture and spreads gradually towards the lateral margins and
nearly to apex, while in Jaterale the black color begins to show first
at the middle of lateral margins of elytra. The spot in this form
may be small or large but never seems to become large enough to
cover almost the entire elytra as in some specimens of Jaevicolle.
26 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
Three New Species of Hister [Coleop.]
By CHARLES SCHAEFFER, Brooklyn, N. Y.
GROUP DEPURATOR.
Hister puncticollis sp. n.
Broadly oval, black. Head scarcely punctuate; frontal
stria entire. Prothorax feebly arcuate at sides; outer lateral
stria absent, inner stria deeply impressed; surface smooth, almost
impunctate, except a number of coarse punctures at sides near
the inner stria. Elytra with four entire striae; fifth short apical;
sutural attaining the middle but more or less abbreviated at apex.
Subhumeral stria interrupted, apical portion distinct and deeply
impressed, basal portion small and variable in distinctness.
Oblique humeral stria distinct and finely impressed. Pro-
pygidium moderately coarsely and not densely punctate at sides,
punctures finer at middle and apex; pygidium similarly. punctate
and both with scarcely any finer punctures intermixed. Pros-
ternal lobe broadly rounded and strongly margined at apex;
lateral striae absent. Mesosternum emarginate; marginal striae
entire. Epipleurae bistriate. Anterior tibiae tridentate; apical
tooth no bifid. Length 6 mm. White Sulphur, West Virginia,
collected by Lieut.-Colonel Wirt Robinson.
The interrupted subhumeral stria and tridentate anterior
tibia places this species in Horn’s group depurator. By its unis-
triate prothorax it has to be associated with semisculptus and
dispar, from the former it differs in having a bistriate epipleura,
three-dentate anterior tibiae and elytra with four entire striae;
from the latter the distinct apical portion of the subhumeral,
the four entire elytral striae and the thorax near the inner stria
coarsely punctate will separate this species.
Hister carinifrons sp. n.
Moderately broadly oval, black, shining. Head modenatelle
densely punctate, punctures not coarse; frontal stria obliterated
at apex but replaced by a more or less distinct carina. Prothorax
bistriate, outer stria entire; surface almost impunctate. Elytra
four-striate; fourth stria slightly abbreviated at apex; sutural
stria not quite extending to apex, feebly curved inside at base;
subhumeral stria represented by only the basal portion which is
Dec., 1912 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Zi
rather deeply impressed. Oblique humeral faintly impressed;
surface extremely finely and sparsely punctate, punctures more
visible at sides. Propygidium moderately coarsely punctate at
base, punctures sparsely placed, at apex almost smooth; pygidium
with a few fine punctures intermixed with some larger ones at
base. Prosternal lobe rounded at apex with an entire marginal
line. Mesosternum emarginate; marginal line entire. Anterior
tibiae tridentate, apical tooth large and bifid. Length 7.25 mm.
Dayton (type) and St. Augustine, Fla., collected in Novem-
ber by G. P. Engelhardt.
In Dr. Horn’s table of the group depurator, this species
would have to be placed near indistinctus and servus. From both
it differs in much larger size, the short basal subhumeral and
long sutural striae of elytra and the absence of lateral striae of
prosternum.
GROUP SERVUS.
This group was erected by Dr. Horn for those species which
have the prosternum laterally striate, the anterior tibiae tri-
dentate and the mesosternum feebly emarginate, including in
this group three species to which a fourth is added below.
Hister fungicola sp. n.
Oval, black, shining. Head with a few fine punctures,
frontal stria entire. Prothorax bistriate; outer stria short apical,
inner slightly sinuate; surface smooth, impunctate. Elytra
with three entire striae, fourth very short basal, sutural abbrevi-
ated at base and apex; subhumeral absent. Propygidium coarsely
and sparsely punctate; punctures finer at middle near apex.
Pygidium very finely and sparsely punctate. Prosternum later-
ally striate; striae convergent at apex. Mesosternum subtrun-
cate; marginal stria entire. Anterior tibiae tridentate. Length
4mm. Jamesburg, N. J.
A small number of specimens collected by Mr. Wm. T. Davis,
on mushrooms, differ from the description of defectus in having
only three entire striae, the fourth very short basal, and represent
possibly only a variety of defectus.
28 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. Vit
Editorial.
The collectors of insects in the United States during the
past twenty years number high into the tens of thousands.
Ninety-five per cent. of them date the beginning of their interest
from the admiration of a butterfly, and from this have progressed
to the observation of color differences of many butterflies and
moths. The primary motive is getting together pretty things.
Two-thirds, however, of beginners never progress beyond this
stage. Of the few who keep on passing to other insects ninety-
five per cent. become interested in the limitless range of color,
size and form of the race of beetles. Beyond this not one in a
- hundred proceeds.
In almost every sizeable town in the land there is at least
one person who has pinned and kept some sort of insect collec-
tion until neglect or dermestids dispose of it. In the aggregate
such collections have been of vast value, for the comprehensive
student can get from each of them a general grasp on the fauna
of that particular region, which would otherwise take a season
of careful search, and has gotten, also, thousands of additions
to the taxonomic catalogue. Heaven bless the patient country
collector, even though he (or she) knows little about the subject,
especially if he dates and otherwise defines what he has.
On the other hand, a collector of specimens is not neces-
sarily an observor of nature. It is the rule, not the exception,
that the collector of a box of beetles divides them by name, or,
more simply, if he cannot get names, by color, and can tell almost
nothing about the life cycle, habits or food of a single one. He
is no more a scientist than the collector of cancelled revenue
stamps, post marks or cigarette pictures. His results are of the
minimum value to the world.
“Any addition to the sum total of human knowledge, however
slight, is the greatest achievement open to a scholar,” said
Professor E. P. Morris, of Yale University. Who is to be the
judge of its importance? No one has such right. An addition
to human knowledge! It is the prize, the aim, the result to be
proud of. No one has the right to belittle it because of its fail-
ure to be of any economic value whatever. Twenty thousand
insects are enumerated in the catalogues and dismissed summarily
Dec., 1912, Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29
as ‘‘of no economic importance.’’ Nevertheless the man who
should discover a spur on the hind leg of a minute “bug,” the
most insignificant creature on the faunal list, and who should find
out what its function is in the creature’s existence, why evolved,
has accomplished more to be proud of than his fellow who has
correctly named and aesthetically spread 5,000 specimens.
The most insignificant insect is born, grows, works, eats,
fears, mates, plays and dies. The human being does no more.
His senses are often less keen than the insects. His intellect is
merely greater. Providence does not protect one more than the
other. The discovery and description of any instinct, habit,
peculiarity of structure, phase of life or death, in the least of
living creatures, stands high in the category of desiderata for
addition to the sum total of human knowledge.
Notes and Records.
Northern records for Pholus vitis L—A perfect male of this hand-
some southern hawkmoth was taken at an electric light on Staten
Island, September 16, 1912, by Mr. O. Fulda. It was not long
ago recorded from East New York.—Cuar.ies L. POLLARD.
Calpodes ethlius on Long Island.—In the summer of 1911 several
specimens of this skipper were captured at Yaphank by members
of the Brooklyn Entomological Society; and in the fall the larvae
were found until late in the season feeding on the cannas culti-
vated in Floral Park. Many of the latter were successfully
bred by Mr. Doll. There have been no local records of the
butterfly during the past summer, however, so it is evident that
the pupae were unable to survive the winter.—R. P. Dow.
A rare Hepialid——Specimens of Sthenopis argenteomaculatus
from the Ramapo Mountains, N. Y., were recently shown at
the Society. Mr. Doll took over one hundred specimens of
this insect about thirty years ago in a swamp at Middle Village,
L. L., but there has been no record of a local capture for many
years. A search may be profitably made. It has a character-
istic slow and undulating flight, strongly resembling that of
some neuropterous insects.—R. P. Dow.
30 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vel. VII
The true queen of Termes flavipes Kol—In Proc. Ent. Soc.,
Washington, 14:107 (1912), T. E. Snyder reports the finding
of a true fertilized queen of Termes flavipes Kol., and states in
a foot note that it is believed to be the first record of finding
the true queen of this species. Ten years ago in Journ. N. Y.
Ent. Soc., 10:251 (1902), I recorded the finding of the true queen
of Termes flavipes Kol., at Mosholu, N. Y., and Mr. L. H. Joutel
has also found the true queen, but his record has never been
published. The queen was found on July 16, 1902, while looking
for termitophilous Coleoptera, inside a small, dry branch in
company with a great number of workers and _ soldiers.—
_ CHARLES SCHAEFFER.
A Visit with a Cicindela——One September afternoon I anchored
my boat about 100 feet off the north shore of Rockaway Beach,
near a point where Czcindela marginata is not uncommon. A
light breeze came from the south bringing at first as insect visitors
diptera and hymenoptera, settling down on the white paint.
Soon came lady birds and a few other beetles. Finally a
marginata dropped to a cockpit bench, quite tuckered by its
flight from shore. I offered hospitality in the shape of flies
freshly killed, but my guest took no notice of them although
poked within three inches of its eyes. It showed almost no alarm
except when my face came near.
On the under side of the awning were many large green
tabanids. Through one of these I thrust a pin and offered the
impaled fly buzzing loudly. Master Cicindela eyed it for a few
seconds, and walked around it, apparently mustering his courage.
Finally he leaped, clasped the fly’s body with all six legs and
buried mandibles into the front somites of the abdomen. A
large piece was thus torn out. The beetle fell back to the bench
and leisurely consumed it. I could plainly watch the action of
the maxillary palpi pressing the food to the mouth, curling around
it. The actual mastication by the lacinia was also plainly visible,
the two blades sawing back and forth alternately.
A few moments later it again approached the still buzzing
fly, but an unfortunate movement frightened it and it flew, turn-
“ing south against the wind. Apparently the sense of sight or
orictation operated to guide it in the direction of shore —R. P. Dow.
Dec..1012, —- Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety ol
Correspondence.
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE:
The “‘sample”’ of the Brooklyn BULLETIN is all to the good.
Congratulations. Please put me down for a subscription. ‘‘ May
she live long and prosper.”
H. G. BARBER,
Roselle Park, N. J.
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE:
It was indeed a pleasant surprise to me, when I opened
my mail and saw again the old familiar cover of the ‘“ BULLETIN
of the Brooklyn Entomological Society.”’ I saw it first before
in May, thirty-four years ago. Of the two, the old and the
new, the last perhaps appeals to me strongest, possibly because,
I, too, am a veteran of those early days. The cover is certainly
a pleasant reminder of my own entomological beginning of long
ago, but of those whose names are mentioned in the text on page
1, all, save Prof. G. H. French, have crossed the Dark River.
May the New Series in the hands of the younger men be
as useful as was the old ‘“‘in its day and generation” is the sincere
wish of
F. M. WEBSTER,
Bureau of Entomology,
U. S. Department of Agriculture.
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE:
I am delighted to see the old BULLETIN revived, and wish
it success.
Of course I want it, so please enter my name as a subscriber
* * oe
ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON,
New York City.
IDENTIFICATIONS—The Secretary sets apart the hour from 12 to 1,
Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, at his office, 15 Broad St.,
Manhattan, room 9, Ninth floor, to receive visitors interested in Entomology,
and aid them, if possible, to idertify, especially Coleoptera and Lepidoptera.
Beginners will be made especially welcome.
32 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
Proceedings of The Brooklyn Entomological Society.
The regular monthly meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
was held on November 14, 1912, at 55 Stuyvesant Ave., with seventeen
members and two visitors present.
Mr. Olsen showed a branch of white birch, heavily encrusted with the
oyster bark scale, Lepiosaphus ulmi. he record for this plant is notable. It
is common on maple, lilac, etc. Mr. Shoemaker reported big swarms of the
Geometrid, Erannis tiliaria, Harris, in Brooklyn, Oct. 26 to Nov. 6. Mr.
Wasmuth took Terias lisa, var. alba, Aug. 15, a Long Island record. It is
not uncommon in Texas, and occurs through the Atlantic States. He commen-
ted on the local scarcity this year of Apantesis and Papilio, and remarked
that Catoeuala larvae, unusually numerous, were parasitized to an unusual
extent.
Mr. Doll exhibited a box of bred specimens with some good records for
Long Island. Among them were: A patela albarufa, Central Park, Hadena
inordinata, Woodhaven, Aiethmia rectifascia, Paparpema limpida, Jamaica,
on Baptisia tinctoria. Extremes of variation were shown in a long series of
Utetheisa bella and a series of Junonia coenia showed a constant tendency
toward darkness and coalescence of the eye spots of the secondaries, either
late in the season or under artificially cold conditions. An aberrant Catocala
cara had the black bands of the secondaries lost posteriorly. A patela
funeralis was taken at Newtown. Mr. Dow reported a small flight of Aletia
argillacea in Brooklyn, Oct. 11, but nothing like the enormous swarm of 1911.
R. P. Dow,
Recording and Corresponding Secretary.
The Publication Committee will be glad to receive names
and addresses of those to whom sample copies of the BULLETIN
should be sent.
THE BROOKLYN
a _ ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIE] Y
a eye
4 OFFICERS, 1912
q President
A ti WILLIAM T. DAVIS
) Vice-President
W. T. BATHER
Recording and Corresponding Secretary
4 R. P. DOW
be F | ‘ Treasurer _
| | C.. E: OLSEN
: Librarian
I _ S.C. WHEAT
x Curator
" GEORGE FRANCK
a | Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences
‘a ae CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
Bi Meetings are held on the uecaud Thursday after the first Tuesday of
each month from October to June inclusive, at 55 Stuyvesant Avenue,
he Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00.
SEs
srenas Vi
x 4
a
. r
a
American Entomological Company
Office and Salesrooms Factories
55 STUYVESANT AVE. 936 DE KALB AVE.
Telephone 1746 Bushwick. 1785 BERGEN ST.
The only EXCLUSIVE woaleren in entomological cupplies
of all kinds.
The ine ads most complete stock of LEPIDOPTERA in the inad
Economic insects of all orders a special feature. Life histories of i injurious ‘
and beneficial insects in any style desired. ‘.
Collections of insects, showing MIMICRY and EROTEE TI VE ‘
- COLORATION.
Write for list of insects—Price 25 cents, to applicants not on our books.
Amount is refunded to purchasers.
Manufacturers of insect boxes, cases and builders of cabinets. - Anything
special in the line of boxes, cases or cabinets made to order.
Manufacturers of the ONLY GENUINE SCHMITT INSEC T
BOX, absolutely hand made, in all the various styles.
The only manufacturers of the AMERICAN EN TOMOLOGICAL
- CO. INSECT PINS, used exclusively by the U. S. Department of |
Entomology and all Experiment Stations scattered throughout the
United States. Exported to all parts of the world. These pins have
gained a world wide reputation in a, comparatively short space of time.
RIKER MOUNTS
So ae ota ne aes
IN ALL SIZES ee) f
SUPPLY LIST ON APPLICATION FREE OF CHARGE. a.
: ‘ me
mi
The most prominent entomological publications always on hand. te %
Distributors of Explanation of Terms by Dr. John B. Smith, published byt
the Brooklyn Entomological Society. :
Subscriptions received for the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological i
Society, commencing with Vol. 8. RT Ag : a
Send in your subscription. Price $1.00 per year, in sda: ;
| “}GRORGE FRANCK, 7, 0.9
Manager and President. a;
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
"CHARLES SCHAEFFER.
ROBERT P. DOW
huh y i ata) UAPON
i
\
Subscription, $1.00 per year hy
k a,
“
Lye
\
ih)
wh . ig
A
Re] pay ‘
Picarrip Ph?
Bulletin of the Scents
Brooklyn Entomological Society :
Published i in
Bette December, February, ‘April and June of each year.
Subscription price, $1.00 per year in advance; single copies 25 cents;
to members of the Brooklyn Entomological Society the subscription price is
50 cents, ‘single copies 15 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short
articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited.
Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication.
_ Address subscriptions and all communications to
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Sauene
Central Museum, Eastern Parkway,
Brooklyn, N.Y.
- CONTENTS
F ee 1913 ue j V7
| Page —
A NEW NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLY. Wm. P. Common. ae
GONG) SEAND RECORDS i 200 ect ig et asta At aaah ee
‘THE MAKERS OF COLEOPTEROUS SPECIES. R.P.Dow............ 37
THE ENEMIES OF A PLANT LOUSE. C.E. Olsen.......2....0.05 ae Pip Mg
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN as pebembe asa tied SOCIETY... za
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. Vol. V111, pl. 11
COMSTOCK=—-STRYMON TITUS FABR. VAR. IMMACULOSUS, NOV.
bee De LN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Ver: Vili FEBRUARY, 1913 No. 3
A New North American Butterfly in the Family Lycaenidae.
By WILLIAM PHILLIPS COMSTOCK.
Strymon titus, Fabr.
Var. tmmaculosus, nov.
g and °. This variety is slightly smaller in size than the
normal form of S. titus Fabr. (expanse of ¢ from 28-30 mm., °
from 30-34 mm. as compared with ¢ 30-35 mm., ° 33-38 mm.
in normal specimens”*).
The head, thorax, abdomen and appendages do not differ
from the normal form.
The upper surface may be as in the normal form of wand ? ,
a satiny seal brown with slight greenish reflections (Figs. C and
D), or in a series of specimens, the surface may become gradually
suffused with fulvous, until an extreme form is reached in which
the outer half of the disk of the primaries in both ¢ and ° is
completely covered with fulvous scales and there appears a com-
plete row of marginal red-orange or fulvous spots on both primaries
and secondaries in o« and °, although on the primaries these’
spots become lost in the ground color in extreme specimens such
as are shown on the plate, Figs. A and B.
On the underside the ground color varies, some specimens
being like the normal form, and others of a paler shade. All black
markings are obsolete to absent (Figs. E, F, G and H), showing as
mere pin points even where best defined. In these specimens a
trace of the white markings occurs as a few scattered scales about
the black markings. The red marginal spots of the secondaries
are retained for the most part in reduced size, but in those speci-
mens where the row of red spots. is repeated the full marginal
length of the primaries, the secondary row is of fully normal size
and appears more prominently because of the obsolescence of
other markings on all four wings.
*Measurement made from tip of wing to center of thorax and doubled.
34 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society — Vol. Vil
I did not examine the genitalia and androconia. The name
given is the Latin adjective meaning unspotted or unspeckled.
Described from nine and twelve ° cotypes.
12 from Provo, Utah, variously dated in July, collected by Tom
Spalding.
8 from Utah (general label), no date.
1 from Miniota, Manitoba, in July.
Means were selected as types, 1 @ and 16; the remaining
specimens are considered as paratypes. The types are retained
in my own collection. One pair of paratypes each are to be
deposited with the National Museum in Washington, American
Museum of Natural History in New York, Dr. Henry Skinner in
Philadelphia, and Dr. William Barnes in Decatur, III.
I have checked all literature relating to S. tutus as recorded
in the bibliography below, and I can find no reference to any such
variation as here described. Elrod in his “Butterflies of Mon-
tana’”’ finds that specimens in Montana occur “with or without
an outer marginal row of orange spots or a distinct orange band”’
on the upper side,
French in “The Butterflies of the Eastern United States”’
also refers to orange spots on the upper surface of the hind wings
in some specimens. It is quite usual to find specimens with red-
orange spots repeated upon the termen of the primaries beneath;
also in females there are often one or more spots of red-orange
near the anal angle of the secondaries above and sometimes a
fulvous suffusion above at the anal angle of the primaries.
For the most part, eastern specimens from the southern
part of Canada, New England, the Middle States and the South-
western States have well defined discal bands of black spots on
the under side of both wings, which are more or less edged with
white. I have two male specimens from the Catskills, taken at an
altitude of from 1,500 to 2,000 feet, aberrant in that the discal
rows of black spots are very poorly defined and there are practi-
cally no white markings on the under side. The black spots,
however, cover about the normal area and are indistinct because
of suffusion and appear to be blurred. They are not like the spots
in variety zmmaculosus which are, where present, reduced to fine
points.
Feb., 1013 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 30
By far the most complete description of S. tztus is to be found
in ‘The Butterflies of the Eastern United States’’ by S. H. Scud-
der. However, he makes no reference to such a variation as I
have described, but calls attention to the fact that ‘‘male speci-
mens from Idaho and Minnesota differ from all others that I have
seen in having the spots of the inner row of both wings much
larger, being nearly half as large as the marginal spots of the hind
Wings.”
Mr. Scudder also gives us information concerning the distri-
bution, and his faunal map shows the species extending from
northern New England to central Georgia on the Atlantic coast,
and then in a broad belt westward along the line of the Lakes
on the north and through central Texas to Arizona on the south.
It also extends westward to the coast through the states of Mon-
tana and Washington. Mr. Scudder’s map excludes southern
Texas and the larger part of Utah from which I have specimens,
and shows but one Canadian locality, in the Province of Ontario,
though specimens are now recorded from Manitoba.
So far as I know S. tutus is not recorded from California, but
the type locality of the synomym mopsus is given as Georgia
and Florida, although I know of no actual Florida records.
I record one other specimen, a male from Texas, which is
interesting because the marginal row of spots on the secondaries
beneath are pale buff and the specimen is of large size, being
about 37 mm. in expanse. Otherwise it is typical. More material
might prove this to be a member of a local race, presumably a
desert form.
Bibliography of S. titus.
Fabr., Ent. Syst. III, 297, 1793.
Godt., Enc. Meth. IX, 688, 1823.
Dbl.—Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., 494, 1852.
Kirby, Cat. Diur. Lep., 399, 1871.
Scudder, 4th An’l Rep. Trustees Peabody Aca. Sci., 53, 1871.
Scudder, Buff. Bull. III, 105, 1876.
Strecker, Cat. N. A. Macrol., 90, No. 109, 1878.
Edwards, Cat. N. A. Butt. 57, No. 376, 1884.
Fernald, Butt. Me., 84, 1884.
French, Butt. E. U. S., 278, 1885.
Maynard, Butt. 38, pl. 4, figs. 48, 48a, 1886.
Scudder, Butt. E. U. S. II, 809, pl. 6, figs. 24, 26, 1889,
Maynard, Manual of N. A, Butt., 146, 1891.
36 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
Blatchley, 17th Rep. State Geologist Indiana, 394, .No. 64, 1892.
Beutenmiiller, Des. Cat. Butt., 281, pl. 5, fig. 8, 1893.
Skinner, N. A. Rhop., 50, No. 307, 1898.
Holland, Butt. Book, 250, pl. V, fig. 37, pl. XXX, figs. 10, 14, 1898.
Scudder, Guide to Butterflies 113, pl. XI, fig. 1, 1899.
Hamham, Can. Ent. XXXII, 365, 1900.
Smith, Insects of N. J., 375, 1899; 415, 1909.
Beutenmiiller, Butt. Vic. N. Y. C., 34, 1902.
Watson, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., X, 254, 1902.
Dyar, Bull. No. 52, 40, No. 384, 1902
Elrod, Butt. Mont., 131, 1906.
S. tutus, syn. mopsus.
Htibner, Zutr. Ex. Schmett, 1, 24, figs. 135, 136, 1818.
Bdl.—LeC. Lep. Am. Sept., 109, pl. 34, 1833.
Morris, Syn. Lep. N. A., 102, 1862.
Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. Flint’s Ed., 278, 1862.
Packard, Guide, 266, 1874.
Mead, Wheelers Rep. V, 779, 1875.
Explanation of Plate II.
A, S. titus Fabr. var. tmmaculosus nov. o& Utah.
B, “ “ “ “ “ “ fe) “
(Oe ge ef G « ¢ Provo, Utah, VII, 19, ’08.
ID. “ « « “ “ “ 9 « “ VII, 9, 09.
Age “ & « (a Miniota, Mans Villa) Ole
ike « “ “ <4 “ “ 9 Utah.
GaSe < f 4 « & Provo, Utah, VII, 9, ’09.
15 [ela iti “ a « SS Rrovo, italy Wite2srm 0s
pest s* s @ Van Cortland Park, New York, VII, 10, ’01.
KG g s 9 Jamesburg, N. J., VI, 25, ’09.
Long Island Lepidoptera Records—Among the rarer species re-
cently exhibited before the Society by Mr. Engelhardt trom
Central and Eastern Long Island, were Eubaphe leta, Scopelosoma
moffettiana, Schinia trifascia (on boneset), Aglaza viatica,. Catocala
residua (Brooklyn), Catocala lacrymosa, Rhynchagrotis ancho-
celoides var. brunnerpennis, Semophora eliminata, Agrots volaris,
Anytus capax, Morrisonia vomeriana, Cucullia speyeria, Derrima
stellata, and Lapara bombycoides. The last named came from
Promised Land, and tended toward being intermediate with
typical specimens of contferarum.
Lepidoptera.—Sesia sigmoidea is recorded from Long Island,
bred from dwarf willow. Sesia rhododendr1 Beutenmuller, was
bred from the rhododendrons of Prospect Park, a new record for
New York State.
Feb., 1913, + Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 37
The Makers of Coleopterous Species.
By R. P. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y.
A catalogue of the described species of beetles of America,
north of Mexico, was published in 1852. Prior to that date
there was no general list. In 1873 another, made up to date,
was brought out by G. R. Crotch. In 1885 Henshaw published
his check list, later brought down to 1895, and this list, which
has been out of print for two years, is still the one catalogue on
which all coleopterists depend. During the last eighteen years
the uncatalogued additional species bring the total of American
beetles to about 20,000. The check list contains about 12,000
and a census of the describers of species places their number
just under 300. At least 200 other describers have worked more
recently.
_ The average collector wishes mainly that his species be cor-
rectly named and cares but little about the original namer. To
the eyes of many the names of even Linnaeus, Leconte and Horn
are familiar, but to their minds there occurs little or nothing
about the men who had no check list for guidance, no divisions
of tribes, save of their own creation. It is the purpose of this paper
to present a little picture of a number of those men whose names
will endure as long as scientific nomenclature. Most of these
names appear in the list as abbreviations only, and for convenience
each will be entered on the margin for ready reference.
Carl Linné, the son of a Swedish clergyman, passed many
years of poverty while working out a ‘“‘System of Nature” which
is the basis of all scientific nomenclature. Fame came to him
in 1755. His binomial system stands unchanged to-day. He
had the writings of Wray, London, 1724, in which the new system
was clearly forecasted. He also had studied Aristotle, who
mentioned about 90 species of insects 300 years B. C. He had
also studied Swammerdam and Réaumur, a generation
Linn. earlier than himself. He arrived at the psychological
moment. All Europe became enthusiastic about nature
study. Linné became professor at the University of Upsala, taught
enormous classes, was ennobled, and ruled the scientific world
for twenty years until he became a hopeless invalid.
Linné’s genera were broad and his species were as numerous
38 Bulletin oj the Brooklyn Entomological Society — Vol. VIII
as a careful student could find time for, but he covered the whole
field. Even at that, he set up 20 genera of beetles, and of his
species 104 are in the American check list. Friends sent him
specimens from, Philadelphia, New Orleans and West Indies.
His types, unfortunately, have suffered from relabeling and other
misuse by subsequent owners.
At Upsala he found a student working for ten years previ-
ously on similar lines, Chas. De Geer, whose interest
De G. in entomology leaned toward the economic side. This
is the only contemporary of his earlier fame. De Geer
named 22 American species. Of all Linné’s scholars the one of
about the least promise became the greatest. Johann Christian
Schmidt was a Danish lad who caused his parents no
Fab. little anxiety. Going to Upsala, he neglected the
curriculum as much as possible, but on Linné’s lectures
he studied night and day. Upon graduation, realizing that
nature study was too broad a field for any one, he confined him-
self to insects alone—the first entomologist. His prominent
life endured about 30 years from 1775. He was feted by all
Europe, lived like a prince, and, it must be confessed, put on
more airs than a grand duke. Many volumes of descriptions
of insects came from his pen. Of American beetles, 299 species
bear his name, and of his coleopterous genera 43 concern
America. At Upsala he latinized his name with the additional
agerandisement that Faber, the latin for Schmidt, was discarded
for the more sonorous “‘Fabricius.”’ In London Fabricius found
a devotee of unusual talent.. Dru Drury was a gold-
Drury. smith 55 years old when they met. He spent almost
his entire fortune on two volumes devoted to exotic
lepidoptera, the colored plates of which were reprinted in 1845
and are stillin print. He cared little for beetles, but named 10
species of showy American forms. He had good correspondents
and got a great deal of American material, giving most of his
American beetles to his friend Fabricius. Most of such types
are now in Kiel, where Fabricius became professor of Natural
History. The collection of the British Museum was studied,
and every specimen bearing a Fabricius label is still jealously
preserved unchanged.
Feb..1013 + Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 39
We must bear in mind that transportation was slow in those
days, and beetle collectors on this side not enthusiastic. Our
people were too busy in the fight for existence to pick up useless
~“bugs.”’ In 1800 less than 400 species of American coleoptera
had been described, and for thirty years after that no European
entomologist visited our shores. Occasionally mistakes were
made. Drury received about the same time two boxes of
specimens, one from Jamaica, West Indies, and the other from
the partly wooded pasture land where now stands the terminus
of Brooklyn Bridge and Plymouth Church. He confused the two.
One Brooklyn type to this day bears the name jamazcensis. A
cruel joke was played on Linné. A friend sailing for Surinam
sent him all specimens collected on shipboard, which should be
localized at Holland, the starting point. Silvanus surinamensts,
the cosmopolitan granary pest, is one of many species to immor-
talize this foolish jest. Linné was almost killed by a chagrined
collector who had a specimen of the nine-headed hydra, the
stitches in which Linné was the first to discover.
Linné’s pupils spread all over Europe. Within a few years
a coterie of Frenchmen under the leadership of the dis-
Geoff. tinguished Professor Geoffroy de Ste. Hilaire under-
took a catalogue of the insects to be found around Paris.
Through this undertaking Olivier became known. He, too,
wrote American friends for material, and added 87 Ameri-
Oliv. can species to the described list. He found a patron,
Count Dejean, the first great amateur collector. Dejean
Dej. spent money freely, and made a great collection. Cara-
bidae of the world were his specialty and 182 American.
species, with 19 genera, were described by him prior to 1822.
Paris, however, was to contribute a greater name. During
the revolution a proscribed priest was marching under guard
to be transported to the penal settlement of New Caledonia.
On the march, stooping over, he picked up a beetle. It was the
“red legged ham beetle’ originally described by Linné. He
remarked aloud, “This is a new genus.’’ A prominent citizen,
in favor with the Government, overheard and _ accosted
him. The modest priest confessed that he knew a little about
beetles. His questioner was also interested and a friend of
40 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
Geoffroy, Olivier and Dejean. Further talk followed, and favor
brought pardon to the priest, who all his life had never harmed
or even spoken ill of mortal man. Pierre Antoine La-
Lat. treille, still a priest, became the greatest authority of his
time on classification. The vessel on which he was to
have sailed was lost in a storm with all on board. His genus
based on the ham beetle was named by him, Necrobia, life from
the dead, a double meaning. It saved Latreille’s life. It gets
its own life from dead animal tissue. Latreille died in the fullness of
years. His correspondence was large, that with Fabricius filling
a whole volume of print. His American species were few, but
98 of his genera have American representatives. His divisions
into families were wider than those accepted at present, but
eleven of his families still stand unaltered.
J. G. A. Forster in 1771 sailed as ascientist on Capt. Cook’s
second voyage. Returning he became professor of nat-
Forst. ural history at Cassel. His American beetle types were
not many, but they are all well known species. A con-
temporary, an amateur, F. W. Herbst, superintendent
Hrbst. of the water works at Zurich, Switzerland, loved
exotic beetles. His monument, to outlive his hydrants,
is 51 American species and 11 genera. The burden of synonymy
came into existence about the time, for he, Drury and Olivier
were getting specimens, which were promptly named without
active correspondence between the namers.
Thunb. During the last quarter of the century the study
Payk. of insects became more and more popular. Most of
Knoch the familiar names were directly or indirectly pupils
Scriba at Upsala, who drifted in to professorships all over
Web. Europe. Their American coleoptera were not numer-
Pall. ous, less than 140 being credited to the whole group.
Goeze ‘They taught, studied and spread loyally their pro-
Swed. paganda. Of this roster roll, Thunberg succeeded
Web. Linnaeus as professor at Upsala. Paykull was at
Ill. Upsala, Knoch at Brunswick, Panzer at Nuremberg,
Schn. Scriba at Frankfort, Goeze at Leipsic, Swederus,
Hoppe Weber in Denmark; Illiger in Berlin; Schneider, Pall,
Ced. Hellmuth, Hoppe at Hanover; Ahrens, Brahm at
Feb.,1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 41
Duv. Mayence; Cedarhejlm at Leipsic; Duval at Regens-
Froh. burg; Frohlich, Kugelan, Reich, Clairville in Switzer-
Kug. land; Bergstrasser at Hanover. In this list there is
Reich. only one French name. The new study flourished
Clairv. best in German soil, but Sweden maintained possibly
Berg. supremacy up to 1800 through the great University
Panz. at Upsala.
The Enemies of a Plant Louse.
By Curis. E. OtsEnN, Maspeth, L. I.
During the past summer I was much interested in the scale
insect which I believe to be Pseudococcus citri Risso, which were
very abundant in two well defined localities in Blissville and
Greenpoint. Some were taken home for observation as to their
enemies. The following is the result:
In the Family Coccinellide:
Megilla fuscilabris Muls.—Four specimens were taken feeding
on the mature bugs, not common.
Hippodamia 5-signata Kirby.—Of this species six were captured
feeding on the bugs in all their stages, uncommon. (This species
is not in the New Jersey List.)*
H. glacialis Fabr.—Of this only two were taken, and it seems
to be the rarest of all.
H. convergens Guer.—This occurred very commonly at all
times (except between the broods), and was bred from eggs to
maturity on the bugs.
H. 13-punctata Linn.—Of this seven were taken.
H. parenthesis Say.—Eight were taken of this.
Adaliabipunctata Linn—This was one of the commonest
of all, and was bred from eggs to maturity on the bugs. A small
hymenopterous parasite was reared from this species.
Coccinella 9-notata Hbst.—This species was very common, and
being of a good size they naturally consumed a large number of
bugs, but unfortunately, the species disappears very early in the
season.
*This species has a northern range across the continent and its occurrence
on Long Island is interesting. Of the boreal insects which reach this vicinity
the path of travel is apparently via New England and the east end of the
Island rather than down the Hudson River Valley.—Eds.
42 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
Cycloneda sanguinea Linn.—Scarce, only three taken.
Hyperaspis fimbriolata Mels.—Very common, feeding mostly on
the younger bugs. A large number of parasites were reared
from the larvee of this species, at least two species of Hymenop-
tera.
In the Family Chrysopide:
Crysopa oculata Say.—Common, bred from eggs to maturity
on the bugs. A small Hymenoptera reared from this.
In the Order Hemiptera:
Triphleps insidiosus Say.
-This was very actively feeding on
the young bugs, and brought to maturity on them. A spider
belonging to the Family Thomisidz was probably feeding on them
although not actually observed.
With the exception of this last mentioned spider all have been
seen to feed voraciously on the bugs in their various stages.
Lepidoptera. By beating oak at Central Park, April 5, Jodza
‘rufago and Copipanolis cubilis were taken in numbers. Both are
considered locally extremely rare. Beating dead branches in
spring and late fall has yielded very good results.
Proceedings of The Brooklyn Entomological Society.
The regular meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held
December 12 at 55 Stuyvesant Avenue, with fourteen members and two
visitors present.
Mr. Wm. T. Davis gave an account of a visit he and Mr. Chas. Schaeffer
had made to Wading River, Long Island, N. Y., during the early part
August, 1912. ;
Facing the Sound the bluffs rise to a height of about one hundred feet
with an occasional bight extending inland. ‘These little valleys were extremely
picturesque and were good collecting grounds. The beach was of white
sand and pebbles with an occasional huge drift boulder. Czcindela dorsalis
was not seen.
A little less than two miles south of the shore the character of the country
suddenly changes, becoming more level, and the pitch pine is one of the princi-
pal trees. Unfortunately, much of the country has been blackened by fire.
Deep Pond, or Deer Pond as it is called on some maps, was visited and a day
spent in collecting along its shores. The pond is oval in shape, has no out-
let and is surrounded by high banks. No definite stream flows into it. The
shore is sandy at the northerly and southerly ends. In the mixed woods of
pines and oaks that surround the pond three species of Cicadas were singing.
Feb.,1913, Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 43,
They were C. marginata in considerable numbers; C. canicularis, apparently
confined to the groves of pines, and a few C. lyricen. Not far away from the
pond and along a sandy road the Cicada killer (Sphecius speciosus) had a
colony. These large ground hornets were flying about the trees, carefully
examining many of the branches for their prey. They apparently were
not at all attracted by the songs of the Cicadas but depended upon other
means than sound for locating them. Cuzcindela repanda was in some numbers
on the sandy shore, and one C. rugifrons and one C. generosa were also collected.
At a later date the last mentioned two species would no doubt have been
more numerous.
A day was also devoted to exploring and collecting about Long Pond,
which lies a little over two miles north of the Sound shore, and is in part
margined by white sand. At this suitable environment, though at some
distance from the beach, a colony of the maritime grasshopper (Trimerotropis
maritima) was found. This species sometimes occurs far inland providing
the surroundings are oe
Among the hymenoptera/taken on this occasion were Trypoxylon clava-
tum and tridentatum.
Mr. Shoemaker narrated the events of a collecting trip to Malaga, N. Y.,
principally beating and sweeping through woods of pine and dogwood. He
took 100 species of coleoptera, including 14 buprestids and 3 longicorns.
R. P. Dow,
Secretary.
In the proceedings of the November meeting the records presented by
Mr. Doll should be Papaipema sciata (not limpida), larva on Veronica vir-
ginica, Jamaica, L. I. The specimens feeding on Baptisia tinctoria are Papai-
pema baptisiae, from Central Park, L. I. Atethmia rectifascia is also from
Central Park.
A regular meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held at
55 Stuyvesant Avenue, January 16, 1913, with eighteen members and two
visitors present.
The present officers were all re-elected:
Ws. T. Davis, President.
Ws. T. BATHER, Vice-President.
Curis. E. OLSEN, Treasurer.
R. P. Dow, Secretary.
SiLas C. WuEat, Librarian.
GEO. FRANCK, J veasurer.
Executive Committee: above officers and J. R. de la Torre-Bueno.
Publication Committee: Chas. L. Pollard, Chas. Schaeffer and the Secre-
tary.
Delegate to the Academy of Sciences: Chas. E. Sleight.
Auditing Committee: W. T. Bather, Chas. Schaeffer.
44 Bulletin of the liakaabiy ce 8 Society Vel. VIII
Mr. Davis exhibited, as a Long Island record, Autographa rectilineata,
a boreal creature, taken July 27, by beating oak leaves, killed by Elaphidion
macronatum.
Mr. Martin exhibited a collection of the past year, mostly coleoptera,
from Saranac River, N. Y., Lakehurst, N. J., and points on Long Island.
Among the notabilities were a black Aittelabus rhois from the Adirondacks,
Callidium janthinum from Brooklyn, a Long Island record, and Helluomorpha
nigripennis, always rare and generally occurring singly, from Lakehurst.
Mr. Torre-Bueno spoke on the Capside generally and many rare hemip-
tera. In faunal lists of Europe, Central America, India, etc., the Capsidz
contribute about one-third of the heteropterous hemiptera. By analogy
the number in the New Jersey fauna ought to reach 175 and there should be
no less from Long Island, with its rare combination of Southern and Northern
occurrences. Among rarities, Mr. Bueno mentioned: Cymus discors, con-
fused with but quite distinct from the European claviculus, taken in West-
chester County by sweeping cat-tail stems; Blissus hirtus, taken at White
Plains, type from Pennsylvania; Cryphulla parallelogramma, under stones;
Xestocois nitens, from New York State and Claremont, N. H.; Gargaphia
angulata, from New Haven, Conn., reported in beans; Orthostira, a new species,
hibernates as a nymph and occurs at White Plains in both long and short
winged forms; Pagasa fusca, also known as nitida, under dry weeds or leaves
in sandy places; Carthasis decorata very few ever taken, found by beating
willow, a record for New York State. Other records, Washington, D. C.,
Maryland, Merragata hebroides, described from Hawaii, next taken in Mexico,
now turns up in Yaphank, Long Island, in the wingless form heretofore
unknown. ‘It occurs in grasses near water and is recorded from Staten
Island and Illinois. R. P. Dow,
Secretary.
Long Island Records.
Lest any reader should question the wisdom of devoting a
large proportion of short notes in the Bulletin to captures of
rarities on Long Island, it may be well to explain now that in the
distant future a list of insects found on the Island ought to and
will be produced. Anyone possessing such records will confer
great benefit by communicating them to the Editor.
IDENTIFICATIONS—The Secretary sets apart the hour from 12 to 1,
Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, at his office, 15 Broad St.,
Manhattan, room 9, Ninth floor, to receive visitors interested in Entomology,
and aid them, if possible, to identify, especially Coleoptera and Lepidoptera.
Beginners will be made especially welcome.
The Publication Committee will be glad to receive names
and addresses of those to whom sample copies of the BULLETIN
should be sent.
_ THE BROOKLYN |
_ ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Se a
= aos wt
OFFICERS, 1913
o>
President
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
BOS eo re eg
. Vice-President
Ta W. T. BATHER
Recording and Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
Treasurer
C. E. OLSEN
Librarian
. 8. C. WHEAT
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK >
Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences
CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
[ iy Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of
~ each month from October to June inclusive, at 55 Stuyvesant Avenue,
: aeam The annual dues are $2.00. :
Annes Enomeoea Company
Office and Salesrooms Factories
‘55 STUYVESANT AVE. 936 DE KALB. AVE.
Telephoné 1746 Bushwick. ACARI 1785 BERGEN ST.
of ape kinds. ay Oda oo
The es and most complete stock of LEPIDOPTERA i in ee ivorllat i
Economic insects of all orders a special feature. Life histories of ‘sein
and beneficial insects in any style desired.
Collections of insects, showing MIMICRY and PROTEC TI VE
ane COLORA TION. e
Write for list of insects—Price 25 cents, to applicants not on. our s books. ‘
Amount is refunded to purchasers. “
Manufacturers of insect. boxes, cases and builders of se ‘Anothigl
special in the line of boxes, cases or cabinets made to order, a
Manufacturers of the ONLY GENUINE SCHMITT INSEC Ts :
BOX, absolutely hand made, in all the various style. 9 ey
The only manufacturers of the AMERICAN EN TOMOLOGICAL - :
CO. INSECT PINS, used exclusively by the U. S. Department oe *
Entomology and all Experiment Stations scattered throughout the
United States. Exported to all parts of the world. These pins have i
gained a world wide reputation in a comparatively short space of time, i)
RIKER MOUN i ess
i
IN ALL SIZES. 1 araae :
SUPPLY LIST ON APPLICATION FREE OF CHARGE. ae a 4
- The most prominent 5S tar ialiieabal nubleanons see on hand. a
Distributors of Explanation of Terms by Dr. John B. Smith, sae by
the Brooklyn Entomological Society. a
Subscriptions received for the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomoogicl
Society, commencing with Vol. 8.. a: |
_ Send in your subscription, Price $1 00 per year, in advance
“GEORGE FRANCK, ORS nt
vaalenicl and President. :
APRIL, 1913 | No. 4:
BULLETIN
"BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
4 SOCIETY
NEW. SERIES
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER
J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO ROBERT P. DOW
Published by the Society
Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
Bulletin of the |
Brooklyn Entomological Society
Published in
October, December, February, April and June of each year.
Subscription price, $1.00 per year in advance; single copies 25 cents;
to members of the Brooklyn Entomological Society the subscription price is
50 cents, single copies 15 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short
articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited.
Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication.
Address subscriptions and all communications to
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Estumahatea Society,
Central Museum, Eastern Parkway,
Brooklyn, N: Y.
CONTENTS
April, 1913
Page
FOUR ADDITIONS TO LOCAL LIST OF RHOPALOCERA. F. E. Watson 45
BOMOLOCHA ATOMARIA IN CONNECTICUT. L. B. Woodruff....... 46
~ CURIOUS DEFORMITY IN A BUG. J. R. dela Torre-Bueno............ 47
LONG-ISEAND!CAPSIDABAC CeBi Olsens hee pono cu it atcaum en Na 48
A NEW ABERRATION OF SMERINTHUS. Geo. Franck......... ng aa 49
CELITHEMIS FOUND ON LONG ISLAND. W. T. Davis......3....7. PUNE sj) Y
PLAGUE OF GRASSHOPPERS AT LONG BEACH. W. T. Davis. .... Ws 50s
MAKERS OF COLEOPTEROUS SPECIES. R. P. Dow..........-. Ue Sia
A HEMIPTEROUS CANNIBAL.) C. Es Olsen io. oo os eee edd ae
LONG: ISEAND RECORDS ii) Gn A GL Nie Oe
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. . 55 ie
Brier ledects a LN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENFOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
No. 4
Wor. Vial APRIL, 1913
Four New Additions to Our Local List of Rhopalocera
By F. E. Watson, New York.
Argynnis aphrodite, var. alcestis, Edw.
One fine female of this variety was taken by the writer in
Van Cortlandt Park, New York City, July 16, 1900. The speci-
men was captured in the hilly section of the park.
This individual agrees with typical specimens of alcestis from
Illinois and Minnesota in the writer’s collection and also agrees with
the figures and description in Edward’s “Butterflies of North
America.”’
Through the kindness of Mr. Wm. P. Comstock this specimen
was taken to Philadelphia and shown to Dr. Skinner, who pro-
nounced it an average specimen of alcestis. I wish to express my
thanks to Dr. Skinner and Mr. Comstock for their assistance in
establishing this record.
Basilarchia archippus, var. lanthanis, Cook & Watson
One male captured Aug. 13, 1911 at Athenia, N. J., and one
male June 23, 1912, at Pearl River, N. Y., by the writer. This is a
biological variety* and should not be confused with the aber-
rant pseudodorippus of Strecker.
These two forms have one character common, viz.: the
extramesial black stripe on the upper side of the secondaries being
obsolete.
Tachyris margarita Hub. (ilaire, Godart)
Two specimens were seen and one captured June 10, 1906,
at Canarsie, Long Island, by Mr. Otto Mayer, in a field containing
an occasional patch of scrub and partly hemmed in with truck
gardens. The one captured was on blackberry blossoms.
*See Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XLI, page 77.
46 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vel. VIII
Although Mr. Mayer visited this field subsequently in 1906,
and again in June, 1907, no more specimens were seen, and this
occurrence may be accidental. We believe this to be the most
Northern record for the species. The specimen is in the writer’s
collection.
Amblyscirtes samoset, Scud.
This species was first captured in this vicinity by Mr. C. H.
Sunderland, who took one specimen July 4, 1903 in the Ramapo
Mountain region (definite locality, Sloatsburg, N. Y.). June 25,
1905, the writer captured three males in the same locality. All
four were taken along the roads.
The above record is equivalent to adding this species to the
New Jersey list, as Sloatsburg is only about 234 miles from the
State line. In Smith’s Catalogue of the Insects of New Jersey,
samoset is noted as of probable occurrence.
Bomolocha atomaria Smith, in Connecticut.
By L. B. Wooprurr, New York.
For several years there has been in my collection a species
of Bomolocha which I had not placed. It was there represented
by four specimens, two males and two females, taken at light and
at sugar at Litchfield, Connecticut, in the months of June and
August, 1905-1908. Recently I had the opportunity to compare
them with the type and co-type of Dr. John B. Smith’s B. atomarza,
males taken at Volga, South Dakota, now contained in the collec-
tion of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station at New
Brunswick, N. J., and found them to be undoubtedly the same
Speciess)
Dr. Smith described B. atomaria in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.
XXIX p. 216, June 1903, from four male examples, all from Volga,
South Dakota. The females taken at Litchfield are like the males
in pattern, but in them the t.a. line is obsolete. They also average
slightly larger, and the gray shades of the males are replaced by
a yellowish tinge. It might be well to point out that in the s. t.
line on the fore wings there is a strong inward sinuation of its
lower half, a marked character present in the type and in all the
April, 1013 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 47
specimens seen by me, though varying somewhat in degree. The
original description fails to make mention of this fact.
This record from the hills of Connecticut thus marks an
extreme easterly extension of the known range of the species, and
is suggestive that a general boreal distribution may be found when
the dusty “brown millers’”’ are more generally studied.
A question of synonymy also presents itself in connection with
this species. Dr. Harrison G. Dyar, in Proc. Ent. Soc. of Wash.
VI, No. 2 p. 105, April 1904, described a Bomolocha as B. chicagoms,
based upon a female taken at Chicago; at the same time citing
another paler specimen taken in North Dakota. Here it is pointed
out, that the t. a. line is obsolete, as is the case in the females of
B. atomaria before me. A comparison of the descriptions shows
no specific character to distinguish B. chicagonts from 5. atomaria
Smith; and direct comparison of two males in the Smith collection
at New Brunswick bearing written labels marked “B. chicagonis
Dyar, June 04, Milwaukee”’ (the history of which I was unable to
discover) with the male type of B. atomaria impelled me to the
conclusion that they were conspecific. With this conclusion
Dr. Dyar writes that he is disposed to agree, though he has not
seen the type of B. atomaria Smith. As Dr. Smith’s name has
priority in date of publication over chicagonis Dyar, the latter
must fall.
A Curious Deformity in a Bug.
By J. R. pe 1a Torre Bueno, White Plains, N. Y.
From time to time, all entomologists who collect extensively _
meet with some insect abnormality more or less pronounced and
interesting. Some time since I came into
possession of a lot of insects from Central
ones Cachar, British India, collected by J. Woods-
Mason, which, among other rare and inter-
esting species contained a fine specimen of
Dalader acuticosta, A. & S., that curious
form which has the pronotum with very
prominent lateral angles, and which resem-
bles our American Chariesterus and Thasus in having the
3rd antennal joint foliaceously ampliated. My example, at
48 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vel. VIII
first sight and to my regret, appeared imperfect due to the
absence of the ampliated joint of the left antenna. Of course,
it is not always easy to determine in the simple jointed antennae
whether a missing joint has been broken off or is a structural
defect, but where a conspicuously shaped one is absent, as in this
case, 1t can be established satisfactorily, as a careful examination
served to demonstrate. The absence of this joint left only three
joints in the left antenna, and these remaining joints differ
noticeably from the corresponding ones in the perfect side. The
first joint is shorter and stouter than in the perfect right; the
second joint, however, is 7mm. long as against 5.4 mm. and
noticeably thicker. The terminal joint, on the other hand, is
shorter than the 4th joint on the right side and also stouter. The
imperfect antenna, as a whole, nevertheless, is not greatly shorter
than the other.
Whether it is merely a lusus naturae, or an attempt to repair
an injury received in the nymphal state is difficult to determine,
and I shall not attempt it.
Long Island Capsids.
The following list of Miridae (Capsidae) is of interest for their
range extending into Long Island (previous records noted in
parenthesis) :
Psallus junipert, Heid.
Hempstead, VII. 21.—beaten from Cedar.
P. ancorifer, Fieb.
North Beach Ville 4 —— (Do):
Rhinocapsus vanduzeet, Uhl.
Bayshore VII. 4-7.—(Northern States and Canada).
Orectoderus obliquus, Uhl.
Bayshore VII. 4. and Rockaway Beach VI. 24. (Western
States).
Hadronema militaris, Uhl.
Very common on the Cow Pea at Yaphank V. 30.—only one
specimen taken same locality VII. 4.—(Colo., Utah, Calif.).
_ Trgonotylus tarsalis, Reut.
Newtown Height VI. 19.—Yaphank VII. 4.—(Wis. Tex.).
Phytocoris mundus, Reut.
Bayshore VII.—IX. (Md. D. C.).
April, 1013 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 49
P. antennalis, Reut.
Bayshore VII. 4.—Yaphank VII. 4.—(D. C. Fla.).
P. conspersipes, Reut.
Bayshore LX. 19.—(D. C.);
Dichrooscsytus elegans, Uhl.
Yaphank VII. 4.—(Ariz.).
Lygus plagiatus, Uhl.
Maspeth I—IV. my specimens all taken sifting.
Pithanus maekeli, H-Schf.
Maspeth VI. 7.—I have been informed by Mr. O. Heidemann
that this species has not heretofore been recorded from the
U. S. and it adds another genus to our North American
list as well. Common in Europe.
Curis. E. OLSEN,
Maspeth, L. I.
A New Aberration of Smerinthus
By GeEorGE Franck, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Smerinthus jamaicensis, Dru., ab. Clarkii, Nov.
General color smoky black.
Primaries with a broad marginal band of a more intense black.
Secondaries uniformly smoky black.
Underside, general color smoky black, corresponding with the
upper side. All traces of the lighter and darker shades of the
brown and white in primaries and the red color and eye spots of
secondaries entirely obliterated.
Thorax showing the distinct markings of geminatus. A
broad longitudinal band through the middle, with lighter shadings
on the sides.
Head, antennze, feet and abdomen, the same smoky black of
the wings.
This remarkable insect, I believe, stands isolated in Sphingidze
—at least I can find no similar record of any Smerinthus or kindred
genus showing such remarkable differences between typical speci-
men and the aberration.
It was taken by Mr. A. Lehnert near Coney Island, N. Y.
I dedicate this remarkable insect to my esteemed friend, Mr.
B. Preston Clark.
Type in collection of Mr. Adolph Chudoba, Brooklyn, N. Y.
50 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vel. VIII
Dragon Flies of the Genus Celithemis found on Long Island, N. Y.
South of the village of Wading River there are two interesting
clear-water ponds that have no streams flowing from them. They
are surrounded for the most part by pine woods that have been
much damaged by fire. Mr. Charles Schaeffer and I collected many
insects about these wood-land ponds in August, 1912, and on the
8th of the month, along the white sandy shore at the southerly
end of Long Pond, I found two specimens of Celithemts
monomelaena Williamson, one of which, a male, was captured.
In maculation this specimen agrees with Williamson’s species,
described in the Ohio Naturalist, vol. X, p. 155, 1910. The species
recorded under the name of fasczata, Kirby, has been taken in
Southern New Jersey and about the Great Falls of the Potomac
River in Virginia, but I believe has never before been reported from
Long Island or adjacent territory along the Atlantic coast. From
the literature and from our own experience it appears to prefer
clear-water ponds. Another unrecorded Long Island Celithemis is
ornata Rambur, which has bee1 taken at Yaphank in July and
August, and at Long Pond, Wading River, in August. The two
remaining local species of the genus are C. elisa Hagen, which has
been collected at Yaphank in July, Wading River in August, and
Flushing in August, and C. eponina Drury found at Flushing in
August. The last two are, however, more widely distributed.
Wm. T. Davis.
A Plague of Carolina Grasshoppers at Long Beach,
Long Island, in 1912.
The Carolina grasshopper. (Dissosteira carolina, Linn) was
in countless numbers at Long Beach, Long Island, N. Y., during
the summer of 1912. On July 10 they were on the lawns near
the hotel, on the walks and on the beach down to the edge of the
waves. These last were feeding on the vegetable matter thrown
ashore by the sea. On the up-beach they were eating anything
they could find, and five were observed about one small piece of
orange peel and twelve others about a second bit about as
large as a silver dollar. When we sat on the sand to eat lunch
we had to look out for the grasshoppers, for directly two nymphs
Aprit,1013_ Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 51
were eating one of the crackers. Later we fed one of them by
hand. He would seize the piece of cracker and hold it in his
fore legs while it was being devoured. Beyond the end of the
board walk to the eastward, and further from the grass plats, the
grasshoppers were not so numerous. Some had reached the
winged stage, but most of them were immature.
We had never seen the Carolina grasshopper in such numbers,
and on this occasion he certainly escaped most of his enemies.
Ww. T. Davis.
The Makers of Coleopterous Species
By R. P. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y.
There is little about the close of the 18th century to mark
an epoch in the history of beetle describing, although the Napo-
leonic wars were an enormous handicap for over fifteen years.
The date parting an old and a new regime was rather the Anglo-
American war 1812-1814. During this time all traffic ceased
between the United States and Europe. The study. was actively
carried on, and by 1815 the insects of Europe were described as
fully as they were in America—say, in 1865. During the first
decade of the century most of Linné’s personal pupils paid their
debt to nature. The new arrivals in the field were numerous,
but few left their mark on American species. A notable
Bon. of this period was Professor Bonelli of Turin, Italy, a
country hitherto not represented conspicuously in nature
study. Bonelli lived until 1830, and was at his prime in
1812. His great work was an attempt to classify the Carabidae.
The ten genera of that family which concern the United States
are all among the largest and best known. His species are scat-
tering and number 35.. The best French beetle man
Beauv. of this time was J. F. Palisot.de Beauvois, whose work
dates from 1805. His monographs included illustra-
tions, and his American species numbered about 35. On the
whole, German scholarship continued to lead the world.
Hellw. Professor Hellwig contributed his mite of a dozen
Duft. genera and species. Professor Duftschmidt was teach-
ing in Austria, and 'has a few species to his credit.
Sch. Professor C. J. Schonherr, working at Stockholm, pub-
lished extensively from 1806 to 1846, and was re-
52 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society — Vol. VIII
garded as the greatest cuculionidist of his time. Maj. Leonard
Gyllenhal was his friend and, at times, co-worker. The
Gyll. latter has 80 species and three genera to his credit. Ger-
mar was a professor of mineralogy, but he loved beetles
Germ. well enough to describe 69 species and 23 genera of
American material. Professor Hoppe at Hanover, born
Hoppe 1760, lived until 1846. Gravenhdérst worked in Bruns-
Grav. wick from 1802 to 1841. He worked carefully over
the Staphylinidae, having 85 American species and
Ahr. 10 genera to his credit. Ahrens was at Halle and
Steph. added a few species. Stephens, in England, born 1792,
added 9 species and 39 genera.
At this point, one must revert slightly to the first American
collector. A clergyman, Rev. F. V. Melsheimer, a pupil of
Professor Knoch of Brunswick, had settled in the interior of
Pennsylvania, and made a beetle collection, the types of which,
fortunately, exist to-day. In addition he actually published
in 1806 a brave attempt at a catalogue of the beetles of Pennsyl-
vania. He corresponded constantly with Dr. Knoch, but often
specimens forwarded for comparison were not returned within
a year and sometimes lost altogether. For information regarding
this remarkable man, whose misfortune it was to be
Melsh. overshadowed by Thomas Say, every lover of beetles
should read the article by Dr. H. Hagen in the Canadian
Entomologist, Vol. 16, p. 192, and another with original documents
by E. A. Schwartz am Proc: Ent) Soc, Wash.) Vol ayioumiaa-
The species credited by the check list to Melsheimer are 220,
but his collections were merged with those of his two sons, both
eminent in the beetle world. Over half a century later Prof.
Louis Agassiz bought this whole collection for the Cambridge
Museum. Dr. Leconte took out most of the types and kept them
in his own cabinet until his death. The understanding made
then about the final disposition of the Leconte collection was
finally carried out, everything reverting to the Cambridge Museum.
The period 1817 to 1834 marks the greatest epoch of coleop-
terous study. This period begins with the activity and ends
with the death of Thomas Say, styled by acclamation the
Say ‘Father of American Entomology. ~~
i MPR eri Kis ‘CHARLES SCHAEFFER
‘ J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO ROBERT P. DOW
i aul Len Published by the Society
ce 25 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
: Bulletin of the | or
Brooklyn Entomological Society
Published in
October, December, February, April and June of each year,
Subscription price, $1.00 per year in advance; single copies 25 cents ;
to members of the Brooklyn-Entomological Society the subscription price is
50 cents, single copies 15 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short
"articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited.
Authors will receive 25 reprints free if’ ordered in advance of publication.
Address subscriptions and all communications to —
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society,
Central Museum, Eastern Parkway,
Brooklyn, N. Y.
CONTENTS
June, 1913
SHORT STUDIES IN GEOMETRIDAE. R. F. Pearsall.............4.- yf
NEW PYGARCTIA FROM FLORIDA. Wm. T. Davis..............00. 59.5
WOIES AND) COMMENTS C0 CUR UCU eU Su Ue remo 61, 67
WANDERING COLLECTOR’S NARRATIVE. Geo. Franck........... Oe 6a
LONG ISLAND) RECORDS. 00h Se ORS EO 67, 76,: 78a
RECTOR OF BARHAM AND HIS TIMES, R.P.Dow..............0- hs.
INSECTS NOTICED AT BARNEGAT PIER. H.H.Brehme............ ee |
RARE OR NEW COLEOPTERA FROM CALIFORNIA. R.P. Dow...... TS
‘PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.... 78
Reser bel IN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Wor. VIIT JUNE 1913 No. 5
Short Studies in Geometridae. No. 1
By RicHarp F. PEARSALL, Brooklyn, N. Y.
When entomology was young in this country it is not sur-
prising that European names were adopted for our species, when
of close superficial appearance. That many of them should not
be perpetuated I feel convinced, and in this series of papers I
shall expect to show where some of them are erroneous. The
name Petrophora incursata, Hub., appears in Dyar’s List as No.
3449, with various synonyms applying to this European species,
but purports to cover also one of our forms, of which I have
several examples from Colorado. Placing beside these a fine
male of iucursata, received through Mr. Prout, and therefore
genuine, the resemblance is easily perceived. The same soft
tone in coloring with its ruddy tint in the male is common to
both, but the cross lines seemed to vary a little and induced a
closer study. This revealed a structural difference in the antennae
Antennae of
Petrophora incursata Hub. Petrophora salvata n. sp.
(European, much enlarged) (American, much enlarged)
which I have here delineated and which makes it necessary to
separate our American form and give it a name. Doubtless
a comparison of the genitalia would also prove specific difference,
but I have not thought it necessary to destroy my scant materia
58 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society — Vol. VIII
to obtain further proof. Comparison with its European ally
would not be possible to many, so that I give to our species
a name and full description, placing it for the present in the
same genus.
Petrophora salvata n. sp.
Expanse 29-30 mm. Palpi projecting well beyond front,
slender, dark gray brown, tipped with paler. Antennae dark
gray, bipectinate in the «, slender and threadlike, shortly
ciliate beneath in the °. Front rounded, of gray brown and
white scales intermixed; a small interpalpal tuft. Thorax dark
brown mixed with white scales dorsally, on the patagiae
at sides, and heavily over the scutellar region. Abdomen
“dusky white with a slight mixture of brown scales. The
second, third, fourth and fifth segments anally margined with
black. Primaries rather produced and pointed at apex with costa
strongly arched. Basal line crosses very close to base, rounding
out strongly at costa, then receding somewhat to inner margin,
the enclosed space dark gray. The intra and extra discal lines
are both double, forming bands, the former in width about half
the latter. It leaves costa one-third out, rounding out slightly
on crossing, thence straight to inner margin. The broad space
between it and basal line, and at centre of wing, is nearly clear
of dark scales, and assumes a bluish gray cast.
sli
an
“ é
4
AS .
ne i >
Parmaell : :
Po ARE BROOKLEN: |
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OFFICERS, 1913
President |
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
Vice-President
W. T. BATHER
Recording and Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
Treasurer
‘C. E. OLSEN
Librarian
S. C. WHEAT
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
‘elevate fo Council of New York Academy of Sciences
CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
| Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tasgeiae of
; “each month from October to June inclusive, at 55 Stuyvesant Avenue,
Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00.
“Office ea cleat
55 STUYVESANT oe
set Wane 1746, Bushwick,
the Bootle Faleuloeal Se
Subscriptions received for the Bulletin “a he
‘Society, ‘commencing with Vol. Ba:
- Send in your subscription. _ Price i 00 per ye
OCTOBER, 1913. No. 6
sre
OF THE _
~ SOCIETY.
NEW SERIES
xy
——
—
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE |
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
ae Chairman
| R. de la TORRE-BUENO, / ROBERT P. DOW,
Advertising Manager Editor _
Published by the Society
Price 25 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
Word's $ N se Say Ezablsinent ;
! 4-102 COLLEGE AVENUE, bata he ROCHESTER, N. a
We take pleasure in announcing to the reader of the
- Bulletin that we have recently purchased the entire stock
in trade of the American Entomological Co., of Hioceya
and respectfully solicit your patronage.
Our stock of Lepidoptera i is the largest i in the uae
We becenble here collections of all kinds, among
_which we mention LIFE HISTORIES of ECONOMIC
_INSECTS, collections showing MIMICRY AND PRO. —
_ TECTIVE COLORATION as well, as large and — P,
SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS. . ety
ioe ‘We shall continue to manufacture the ONLY GEN. Se
~ UINE HAND MADE SCHMITT INSECT BOX
| and the well known AMERICAN ENTOMOLOG.- i)
ho ICAL GOS: MNSEGT BINS, Wiis 3 ‘
3 Our stock of ‘Laboratory Matenial for Disccedas is
very large and complete. tv:
SN PR a eee a Re —
Se eee
ee
If you are interested in Eitomialany and BEEN to eo
receive our special lists as they are published, send us your ine
name for our mailing list. _ : NP.
‘Our Price List of Entomological Supplies ea be Can
mined free upon request. | ee
Our Catalogue Bf dnsecte (Price 25c,) contains’ Haka Ba.
and prices of Paianaig Thsect. Collections. ane ence Bae
tory Material, i ys
We are ‘the: ache as donee for Dr. John - B. Mi
Smith's Explanation of Entomological Terms, Price me 00.
A necessity to every Entomologist.
iS EIS iad ie ae
| OF THE | Mus
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Vot. VIII OctToBER, 1913 No. 6
CONTENTS.
Ome nnOl GEORGIA: Abbott .ivers. ose. ol yb ok eoe eee. 81
HAVA eNUS: DRAGONFLIES, Davis... ...e0ic2c05 Mabel. 93
Pi NeNO WEN CWA WIRE. Torre-Bueno.. . i )cccs ba sce on Sheena bee 96
ERMMICO Ve GAILICS» Felts. io Gen ok. wet o lac nt Oe lke 98
NORDHERN BULTERFLY RECORD, Buckstaff................. 99
PROG OUNGS BROOKLYN SOCIETY \ evccuees). nce. le tenet 100
Corixidae of Georgia.
By J. F. Assott, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo.
During the summers of 1909 to 1912 Prof. J. Chester Bradley, in
his capacity of Special Assistant to the State Entomologist of Geor-
gia made important collections of insects, including many aquatic
Hemiptera. This group he turned over to Prof. J. F. Abbott, of
Washington University, who has worked up the Corixidae. The
editors trust that this is the beginning of a series of definitive
papers on the neglected families of this order. A practical key
for the determination of the species has not hitherto been ac-
complished.—Editors.
Explanation of Plate.
All the figures with the exception of 1c, 1d, and 8 were drawn with a
camera lucida.
Fig. 1 Palmacorixa buenoi, male pala x95.
‘
ela s “female pala x95.
“illo: . “outline of tip of hemielytron x25.
Ec s gillettei, ideal section of pala (diagrammatic).
@ Ad : buenoi,
“le . “distal peg x900,
Sait y: “proximal peg x900.
ae Arctocorisa gordita, female pala x95.
sia. : male pala x95.
“ 3 Corixa minima, male pala x95.
pea St macroceps, male pala x95.
“ 5 Corixa verticalis, male pala x95.
Saito} Arctocorisa compressa, male pala x95.
an bradleyi, male pala x95.
Sits) compressa, free hand sketch of male pala from the upper
edge.
“ 9 Corixa sellaris, female pala x95.
82 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
1. Arctocorisa interrupta (Say).
Marietta, March: Okefenokee Swamp, June. The southern-
most record for this species, which seems to range over the whole
United States east of the 100th Meridian.
2. Arctocoritsa nitida (Fieber).
Spring Creek and Okefenokee Swamp, June. This species
appears to range over the Southern Atlantic seaboard from the
Gulf to Maryland. .
3. Arctocorisa nitida var. minor (Abbott) n. var.
Marietta, Athens and Gainesville. This form is very close
to nitida, resembling that species in strigil, pale, and general
facies. It is however, much smaller (744—7% mm., -males-, and
8 mm., -females-, in length) and differs furthermore in the presence
of a pale yellow or clear spot on the outer margin of the tegmina
just before the suture that divides the corium from the membrane.
This mark, is. rendered more prominent by the presence of a dark
brown. spot which borders it on the posterior margin. The effect
is somewhat reminiscent of the variety bimaculata Guerin, of A.
abdominalis (Say).
4. Arctocorisa hydatotrephes (Kirkaldy).
Many specimens from Spring Creek, Decatur Co., June.
This striking species has not been reported hitherto from else-
where than the type locality, Raleigh, N.C. The species is readily
distinguished by the coalescence of the tegminal lineations into
solid black. In the Georgia specimens, this extends, in most of
the individuals, to the pronotum, the typical five lines becoming
three by confluence. It is rather remarkable that although abun-
dant collections of aquatic Rhynchota have been made throughout
the state for several seasons this species appears to be confined
to one locality. For this reason the notes of the collector, Dr.
Bradley, are of interest. He writes that the region is ‘“‘more or
less of a limestone one and the creek, about 60 feet wide, of perfectly
clear water with sandy, or in places rocky, or weed-covered
bottoms, is lined with cypress and live oak and scrub. But at
intervals along the creek are cypress bays, where the growth of
cypress and deciduous trees and the consequent shade is very
dense, where the ground is frequently overflowed with water,
leaving on its retreat such pools as the hydatotrephes occur in.”
October, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 83
5. Arctocorisa compressa (Abbott).
Numerous specimens from the Okefenokee Swamp. June.
Also from Wrens, Gainesville, Cave Springs and Blackshear.
May, June.
6. Arctocorisa sigmoidea (Abbott).
Numerous specimens from Okefenokee Swamp, June. Also
from Blackshear, Gainesville and Marietta. Apparently the
most abundant species in southern Georgia. The males are very
easily identified by the peculiar pale, but the females resemble
those of A. compressa so closely that in individual cases it is often
very difficult to discriminate them. Szgmoidea is somewhat
narrower and smaller than compressa, more shiny and less ras-
trate. Compressa is much less abundantly represented in the
present collections.
7. Arctocorisa bradleyi (Abbott):
Okefenokee Swamp, June. Blackshear, May; Cave Springs,
August; Offerman, April.
8. Arctocorisa scabra (Abbott).
Okefenokee Swamp, June; Marietta, March.
9. Arctocorisa signata (Fieber).
Gainesville, April. Several specimens that are without
question Fieber’s species, although differing in minor particulars.
The male fovea is rather narrowed between the eyes. The strigil
is dextral, oblong, twice as wide as long
(width 0.1 mm.) with 4 strie. The pale
in the male are held in a peculiar fashion,
bent down until they almost touch the
femur. Whether this is a constant charac-
ter or not is impossible to say. The male pale are thin, strongly
wraped inward, short cultrate and about %4 longer than the
somewhat narrower tibia. The pegs are stout, 13-14 in number
and follow the upper margin for the distal half of the row, the first
half-dozen pegs being somewhat below the upper margin.
10. Arctocorisa pectenata (Abbott), new species.
Head rounded, dull yellow. Interocular width a little less
than the length of the head, and not quite three times the width
of the head. Fovea shallow, long and rather narrow. Pronotum
84 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
subcordate, rastrate, with seven parallel straight lines. Tegmina
olivaceous; lineations of clavus entire,
those of coritum somewhat coalescent,
forming a longitudinal vitta on the
eee: mner angle; those of membrane con-
‘ fused, coalescent into a central fleck
and a darker spot on the outer border. Thoracic pleura pale,
abdomen dark. Strigil dextral, minute (diameter, .05 mm.), with
3 strie. Pale somewhat lanceolate, strongly compressed and
deeply excavate on the outer surface. Pegs 24, in an irregular row
along the lower margin of the pala, the proximal seven, less than
_half the length of the rest; the flattened face of the pala above
the pegs, with long cilia. Posterior tarsi brown.
Holotype, a male from Marietta, March 5.
Female: coloration as in the male, rather more chestnut, the
tegminal lineations somewhat more confused, those of the mem-
brane partly effaced. Face rather flattened. Pale cultrate,
about 3 times as long as high. Pale sordid below.
Allotype: a female from Marietta, March 5.
11. Corixa gordita (Abbott), new species.
A short, plump species with a short broad head. Dark brown
or chocolate markings on a tawny yellow background. The mark-
ings are broad and heavy with a tendency to coalesce.
Holotype. Male. Head-length, 2% in width; interocular
space “40 the head length. Head brownish-yellow in color, the
posterior margin infuscated. Fovea very shallow, ovate, reaching
level of eye, somewhat elevated in the center like a boss. Prono-
tum lenticular, rounded posteriorly, a little more than twice as
wide as long with 7 transverse dark brown stripes. These are
parallel, the posterior ones slightly curved and little if any imter-
rupted. There is a small medial tubercle near the anterior edge
(absent in some specimens). Surface of pronotum and clavus
rastrate. Claval lines entire, somewhat oblique with a tendency
to coalesce into a darker area along the inner edge. Corial linea-
tions very dark, irregular, confused and coalescent, running
together into a large irregular blotch or vitta about the middle
or toward the inner angle. Embolium sordid, infuscated at either
end. Markings of membrane irregular, vermiculate, a conspicuous
dark spot on the lower outer edge. Under surface feather dusky.
/
ZQWUVO o0Dp000C0 ocr
AY N
eee
October, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 85
Legs yellow. Posterior tarsi brown. Palz elongate cultrate, slightly
more than 3 times as long as wide at base, pegs in an almost
straight line, nearer lower margin than upper one, 22 in number.
Tibia a little less than % the length of the pala, about the same
width. Metaxyphus short, triangular. Strigil sinistral, minute,
oblong-ovate, 3 strie. Length 4 mm.; pronotal width 14% mm.
Cave Springs, August.
Allotype: female. Like the male in coloration. Head-length
3% in width; interocular width a little less than head length.
Pale cultrate, about % as high as long and a little less than twice
as long as the tibia, to which it is broadly joined. Length 4% mm.
Cave Springs, August.
Others in the collection (paratypes) from Blackshear and
Marietta, March.
12. Corixa sellaris (Abbott), new species.
Head somewhat rounded at the angles; yellowish white, the
vertex infuscated. Head length equal to the interorbital breadth;
3 times in the width; posterior margin impressed. Front flattened,
with rather sparse white bristles. Pronotum rastrate, long and
triangular, or almost cordate, with an indistinct carina anteriorly.
Outer marginal areas flattened. 12 dark brown lines; these are
parallel, not curved, and but little interrupted or broken. Tegmi-
nal markings vermiculate and anastomosing; with the exception
of the few at the base of the clavus they form a continuous inter-
locking pattern over clavus, corium, and membrane, with very
little tendency toward cross-barring or longitudinal seriation.
Embolium infuscated. Clavus minutely rastrate. Tegmina,
especially clavus, with sparse short erect white hairs, partially
disposed in rows, especially along the sutures. Metaxyphus short,
triangular. Under surface and legs yellowish ivory. Claws of
intermediate tarsi with a brown band across the middle. Pale
compressed and broadly joined to the tibia, arrowhead-shaped
from the outer aspect, short cultrate from the inner aspect, a
curving row of bristles on the inner face that recalls the usual
distribution of pegs in the male. Height of pala, % its length;
tibia % the pala in length. Intermediate tarsi % the tibia and a
little shorter than the claws.
Holotype: a female from Brunswick, May 3. Length 5 mm.
86 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
width 134 mm. Paratypes from Thalman and St. Simon’s Island,
April. :
13. Corixa macroceps (Kirkaldy).
Two males and six females from Oglethorp; July. The dis-
covery of the male of this species is of much interest since it
removes it definitely from the genus Arctocorisa where it was
(rather arbitrarily) placed by Kirkaldy. The strigil is sznzstral,
ovate, transverse, with about 5 strie. The male pale are short
cultrate, about twice as long as high, with 13 to 14 pegs, the last
3 or 4 about twice as long as the others. The line begins at the
lower articulation and ascends to the upper margin, the last 4 or 5
pegs following that margin. Tibia about % the length of the
pale (measuring between articulations), strongly produced dorsally
to cover % of the pala, much resembling C. verticalis (Fieber), in
that respect. Femur oblong-ovate, both edges convex, about 1%
times as long as wide.
14. Corixa minima (Abbott), new species.
Superficially much like macroceps Kirk. from which it differs,
however, in the following particulars: The lineations, although
very confused and inosculate are not interrupted serially to form
longftudinal lineations as in macroceps; the pronotum is much
longer with more numerous lineoles; the palar pegs are differently
arranged and the strigil is smaller, with fewer striz. The first
femur in the male also differs in shape.
Male: head large, prominent, posterior angles prominent,
silvery gray in color, vertex with a rather prominent keel which
entends forward to the fovea; posterior margin infuscated. Inter-
ocular space 3% in width of head. Fovea oblong, occupying
practically all the face, its surface with long, delicate depressed
hairs. Pronotum rounded posteriorly, narrower than the head,
about twice as wide as long, with 5 or 6 broad black transverse
stripes, broken and confused. Surface rastrate. Lineations of
clavus broad, inosculate, confused; those of corium vermiculate,
broad, united along the margin but not broken into seriations;
those of the membrane effaced. Embolium dusky or sordid. Palze
short cultrate, with 12 pegs which proceed from the lower articu-
lation almost in a straight line to the anterior margin, 7. e., not
following the curve of the upper margin. Distal pegs not longer
than the rest. Tibia produced over the pala for half its length.
October, 1913 ~~ Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 87
Femur narrowed distally, its distal width about % its basal
width, the outer edge convex, the inner somewhat concave, the
stridular area confined to the proximal half of its surface. Length
of tibia between articulations, % of that of pala. Posterior tarsi
dusky. Legs and under-surface pale. Strigil sinistral, minute,
ovate, transverse, with 3 strie. Length 3% mm., width 1 mm.
Holotype: a male from Thalman, April. Paratype from
Offerman.
Female: paler than the male, interocular width about the
same. Pronotal lineations 5, straight and unbroken. Claval
lineations slightly effaced on the inner angle. Body pale beneath.
Pale cultrate about 5 times as long as high. First tibia % as
long as the pala.
Allotype: from Thalman, April 28.
5. Corixa verticalis (Fieber).
Two males, three females from Athens, Thalman and Darien;
April. The fovea conspicuously surpasses the eye in the males in
the collection, but in the absence of other material this seems
hardly warrant for a specific distinction. The two kinds of teg-
minal hairs which Fieber describes for verticalis, pigmea, and
burmeister1, and which Kirkaldy thought sufficient for subgeneric
distinction (Trichocorixa) is not a constant character. In the
Georgia specimens it is present in the females and absent in the
males. Palar pegs 13-14, in a strongly arched row, the distal 3 to
6, longer and sharper than the rest. Strigil sinistral, curved,
transverse, long and ribbon-like, about 25-30 strie.
16. Palmacorixa buenoi (Abbott).
One female from Oglethorpe, July. This species ranges along
the length of the Atlantic seaboard from the Gulf to New England.
Artificial Key to the Corixidae of Georgia
No one is more painfully aware of the deficiences of these tables than the
author. The females are particularly difficult to identify by a single character
and large series are necessary to properly appreciate the specific differences.
It is hoped, however, that the synopsis, combined with the descriptions, will
enable anyone to identify his species at least so far as the males are concerned.
It should not be-concluded that because a specimen does not fit into the key,
it is necessarily new. Arctocorisa alternata (Say) has been inserted since it is
very likely to be found in the region.
88
Gx©)
©
@
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
MALES
Strigil and asymmetry dextral ©.
Strigil and asymmetry sinistral @.
@ 7mm. or more in length. Pale ligulate ©.
@ 6mm. or less in length ©.
Length 10-10% mm., lineations 9-10. Palar pegs 26-30.
A. interrupta (Say).
Length 9-91% mm. Lineations 8-9 pegs 21-24.
A. mtida (Fieber).
Length 74%4-7% mm.; a clear spot on the outer lower margin
of corium.
A. nitida var. minor Abbott.
@ Tegminal lineations coalescent into solid black. Corium
bordered with yellow. Pegs 18 or more, parallel
to dorsal margin.
A. hydatotrephes Kirkaldy.
@ Tegminal lineations evident ©.
Metathoracic wings aborted. Head large with prominent
angles. Surface dull and rough.
P. buenot Abbott.
Metathoracic wings present ©.
@ Palar pegs 20 or more ©.
@ Palar pegs 17 or less ©.
Claval lineations entire (or slightly forked), tegmina strongly
rastrate ©).
Claval lineations interrupted. Pegs 20-21 in an evenly cury-
ing row, midway the upper and lower margins.
A. compressa Abbott.
@® Length6mm. Pegs 38-40.
A. alternata (Say).
® Length less than 5 mm. Pegs 25-26, following the
upper margin of the pala. Claval lines forked.
A. scabra Abbott.
@® Length less than 5 mm. Pegs 24, along the lower
margin of the pala.
A. pectenata Abbott.
Length 34% mm. or less. Pegs 17-18, Pronotal lines 5.
A. bradleyz Abbott.
October, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 89
@ Length 4% mm. or more @.
Pegs 13 in a regular row. Pala less than twice as
long as high. Lineations conspicuously longitu-
dinally seriate.
A. signata (Fieber).
@ Pegs 13-14 in an irregular row, pala with tip pro-
duced in a _ nose-like projection. Lineations
obscurely seriate.
A. sigmoidea Abbott.
First tibia produced over the upper margin of the pala @.
First tibia not so produced @.
@ Strigil transverse, 25-30 strie. Palar pegs 13-14
in a sharply angulated row. Pronotal lineations
9-10. Length 5 mm.
C. verticalis (Fieber).
@® Strigil minute, 3-5 striz; palar pegs 12-14 @.
@ Pegs in an angulated row, the distal 3-4 lengthened; pro-
notal lineations 3, corial lineations tri-seriate.
C. macroceps Kirkaldy.
@ Pegs in a straight row; pronotal lineations 5-6, corial linea-
tions not tri-seriate.
© ©
C. minima Abbott.
Pegs 22, pala 4 times as long as broad; pronotal
lineations, 7.
C. gordita Abbott.
Pronotal lineations 12.
C. sellaris Abbott.
FEMALES
@ 7mm. or more in length ©.
@ 6mm. or less in length ©.
@ Length 10%-11 mm. pronotal lineations 9-10, the
intermediate ones broken and confused. Pala
4 times as long as wide.
A. interrupta (Say).
@ Length 9-914 mm. Lineations 8-9, less broken and
confused. Pala 3 times as long as wide. Darker.
A. nitida (Fieber).
90
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety Vol. VIII
.@ Length 8 mm. or less. A clear spot on outer lower
margin of corium.
A. nitida var. minor Abbott.
Tegminal lineations confluent into solid black, corium bordered
with yellow.
A. hydatotrephes Kirkaldy.
Tegminal lineations evident ©.
@ Lines of clavus entire, but little forked or interrupted
(but see gordita below). Pronotal lines 6-7 ©.
@ Claval lineations like those of coritum, broken and
more or less confused @.
Length 6 mm. Tawny, rough surface. Claval lineations
broad and entire, in sharp contrast to those of corium.
A. alternata (Say).
Length 5 mm. or less ©.
@® Corial lineations interrupted and confluent in two
longitudinal seriations.
A. scabra Abbott.
© Corial lineations like those of clavus, not longitu-
dinally seriate (a single vitta toward the center) ;
palee short, 3 times as long as high.
A. pectenata Abbott.
Head conspicuously wider and longer than the flattened pro-
notum and strongly produced at the angles ©.
Pronotum convex and longer than the head (if head is as
long as the pronotum then the total length is 3% mm. or
less, see bradleyz) @.
Metathoracic wings normal ©.
Metathoracic wings aborted or rudimentary. Pale
broadly joined to tibia, 3 times as long as wide.
Coloration variable, lineations much confused.
P. buenot Abbott.
Pronotal lineations 3. Corial lineations tri-seriate.
C. macroceps (Kirkaldy).
Pronotal lineations 5. Cordial lineations not tri-seriate.
C. minima Abbott.
@) Pronotal lines more than9 @.
Pronotal lines 8 or less @.
Lineations of pronotum 9-10; tegmina pale; shiny.
C. verticals (Fieber).
October, 1013 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 91
@ Lineations of pronotum 12; Tegmina dark, dull.
C. sellarts Abbott.
@® Total length 4% mm. or more @.
@ Total length 344 mm. or less. Pronotal lines 5.
A. bradleyi Abbott.
Lineations of corium obscurely longitudinally seriate or not
at all. Those of clavus not at all @.
@ Lineations of both clavus and corium conspicuously longitu-
dinally seriate. Length 5-6 mm.
A. signata (Fieber).
Lineations of corium obscurely longitudinally seriate @.
Lineations of corium dense and not seriate, those of
clavus entire anteriorly, merging into a dark
blotch centrally.
A. gordita Abbott.
@ Stout and broad (width 2 mm., length 5 mm.). Surface dull.
A. compressa Abbott.
Narrower (width 144 mm. length 4% mm.). Shiny above.
A. sigmoidea Abbott.
Description of Localities
By J. CHESTER BRADLEY, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
Marietta, Cobb Co., is on the Piedmont Plateau, about 15 miles
from Atlanta. I collected about 2 miles east of the town in and
around the mill dam and some smaller pools and streams. The
woodland above this dam, along the stream on which it is built,
affords better collecting than the ordinary woodlands of the Pied-
mont region.
‘Atlanta is also on the Piedmont Plateau, altitude of about 1,000
feet. I collected at various points within a radius of 6 or 8 miles of
the city, especially Constitution Lakes, which are a series of
several ponds south of the City, some small pools near the Chat-
tahoochee River, and along Peachtree Creek and near Buck-
lead. A stream two miles north of the latter, bearing a small dam,
was especially productive.
Dalton, Whitfield Co., is only a few miles from Chattanooga.
It is surrounded by low ridges of the Appalachian system. Collect-
ing was chiefly done around a little trout pond.
92 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
Gainesville, Hall County, is another locality on the Piedmont
Plateau, altitude about 1,000 feet. Collecting chiefly around the
City reservoir about a mile west of town.
Wrens is in Jefferson Co. a few miles south of Augusta, in flat
country near the Fall line. Collecting here was confined to a
small standing pool near the railroad track, while waiting for a
relief train to appear to carry us away from the scene of the
wreck of the train on which we had been traveling.
Blackshear, Pierce Co., is in the flat and sandy, poorly drained
wire grass and long leaf pine country. It 1s a fine locality, collect-
ing being done chiefly along a branch of the Satilla River and in a
weed filled pond.
Thalman, in Glynn Co., is very similar to Blackshear. Collect-
ing was done along the ditches near the railroad track, full of vege-
table and animal life.
St. Simon’s Island is in Glynn Co., about 14 miles from Bruns-
wick. It does not rise more than 4 or 5 feet above the sea, is
covered with live oak, pine, palmetto, salt marshes and cultivated
fields. Several fresh water ponds afford at a favorable season
aquatic collecting.
Athens, Clarke Co., in the Piedmont Plateau, is at an elevation
of a little less than 1,000 feet. A swiftly flowing stream, coursing
over large rocks near the old bobbin mill, 2 miles from Athens, and
small turbid pools nearer the town afforded fair collecting.
Spring Creek, in Decatur Co., is the best collecting grounds
known to me in Georgia. The creek itself is clear and deep, with
sandy, or in places rocky bottom. Along its course are many quiet
bayous covered with spatterdock leaves, and by its banks many
cypress ‘‘bays’’ in which at low water are shallow forest pools
filled with life. The surrounding country is covered with long
leaf pine forest, or under cultivation.
Bainbridge, Decatur Co., and close to the Alabama and Florida
lines, is on the Flint River, a large turbid stream. The most
favorable collecting was at Douglas Lake, 4 miles south of the
town. This isa clear, shallow lake, filled with aquatic vegetation
and surrounded by moss draped oaks and cypresses.
Oglethorpe, seat of Macon Co., is in fairly flat country, a little
below the Fall line. Favorable collecting was found at a mill dam
and the stream below it, near the town.
eare.=+
October, 1013 ~—- Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 93
Clayton, Rabun Co., is near the North and South Carolina lines,
and is surrounded by mountains rising to 3,500 feet and is itself at
an altitude of 1,800 feet.
Stone Mt. is in Decatur Co., 16 miles from Atlanta.
Offerman is in Pierce Co., with conditions very similar to Black-
shear. I collected along the Satilla River, about 4 miles from
the station.
Williamsonia, a New Genus of Dragonflies from North America.
By Ws. T. Davis, New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y.
While examining the collection of dragonflies in the American
Museum of Natural History I came upon a female example of a
species unknown to me. It bore the label ‘‘ Paterson, N. J., May
4,”’ and had been collected and presented to the Museum by
Mr. John A. Grossbeck.
Reference to the ““Key of North American Genera of Cordulinz’’
on page 484 of Dr. Needham’s ‘Aquatic Insects in the Adiron-
dacks”’ placed the specimen in division ‘‘a’”’ having “‘ Veins M4 and
Cul in the fore wing parallel or a little divergent apically, the
number of rows of cells between them increasing toward the
margin of the wing.’”’ The only genus placed in this section is
Neurocordulia to which belongs N. obsoleta Say and N. yamaskaren-
sts Provancher. In these insects, however, the triangles and
subtriangles of the fore wings are often divided into three cells by
cross veins, the triangles of the hind wings also have each a cross
vein, while in the New Jersey specimen all the triangles of both
wings are open, that is without any cross veins. Neurocordulia
has many cells in the space beyond the anal loop, while the spect-
men in question has but a few and these arranged in three rows.
In a foot note on page 484 already referred to, Dr. Needham says
in reference to section ‘‘a’’ of his table, ‘‘One species, the little
Cordulia lintnert of Hagen, may seem to belong in this section of
the table, though of course not in the genus Neurocordulia; it is
also a synthetic type, lacking the special corduline features of
venation, which I take to be (1) the approximation of veins M4
and Cul, and (2) the general reduction of cross veins; it shows
strong libelluline affinities in the conformation of the anal loop and
94. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety Vol. VIII
in the possession of a half-antenodal cross vein just before the
nodus. .. . I leave it here in the genus Dorocordulia beside the
two species with which it has hitherto been associated.”’
The New Jersey specimen proved to be the lintnerz of Hagen, and
Mr. E. B. Williamson has since kindly checked up my determina-
tion. The genus Dorocordulia 1n which this species has been
placed has the triangle of the fore wing open, subtriangle of hind
wing not present, also veins M4 and Cul in the fore wing approx-
imated toward the margin of the wing. These characters are good
for Dorocordulia lepida and Dorocordulia libera, but will not cover
lintnert, which has the triangles open in the specimen in question,
subtriangles of hind wing absent, but veins M4 and Cul are
separated much as in Neurocordulia, that is the number of cells
between them increases toward the margin of the wing.
As to whether the triangles of the fore wings have cross veins or
are without them must not be considered of too great importance,
for a series of thirteen specimens of the allied Helocordulia uhlert in
the author’s collection may be arranged as follows:
5 #, 2 ° with cross veins in both the triangles and subtriangles.
1 ¢ with triangles open, but a vein in each of the subtriangles.
1 » with cross veins in both triangles and subtriangles in the left
wing, while the right wing has the triangles open.
2 # with both the triangles and subtriangles open.
1 2 with triangles open but cross veins in both subtriangles.
1 ° with cross veins in both triangles in the right wing, while the
left wing has the triangle open and a cross vein in the subtriangle.
According to Dr. Hagen, Psyche, 5, p. 373, 1890, the unnamed
figure 1, Plate 16 in Emmons’s account of the More Common and
Injurious Species of Insects of the State of New York, is his Cord-
ulia lintnert. This figure distinctly shows a cross vein in each
of the triangles of the fore wings. Later in the same article Dr.
Hagen says of Cordulia lintnert, ‘‘The position of this rather
eccentric, small species is near C. uhler1, but it is separated from
that species by unusual characters. The anal angles of the hind
wings of the male are nearly rounded; all triangles are without
transversal veins; only one series of discoidal cells, and a very
plain venation.” Dr. E. P. Felt has kindly examined the male
type of lintnert Hagen in the State Museum at Albany, N. Y. and
states that “there are no cross veins in either triangles or sub-
October, 1913, + Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 95
triangles of the fore or hind wings. The illustration by Emmons is
incorrect so far as it relates to the type we have.”’
From the above observations on the wing venation of lintnert
and from the accompanying plate it will be seen that it does not
belong to the genus Dorocordulia its last resting place, which has
veins M4 and Cul approximated near the margin of the fore wing.
Reference to Mr. Williamson’s paper ‘““A New Dragonfly belong-
ing to the Cordulinae and a Revision of the Classification of the Sub-
family,"’ Entomological News, XIX, p. 428, 1908, places lintnert
in his second group on the majority of its characters and near the
North American genera Neurocordulia and Platycordulia. It has
been called a troublesome species, and probably the best thing
to do is to make a new genus for it. I would propose the name
Walliamsonia, after Mr. Edward Bruce Williamson of Bluffton,
Indiana, the well-known student of dragonflies, with lintnert as
type of the genus. The table of North American genera may
be reconstructed in part as follows:
a. Vet M4 and Cul in the fore wing a little divergent apically,
the number of rows of cells between them increasing toward the
margin of the wing.
b. Triangles and subtriangles of fore wing with cross veins.
Hind wing with subtriangle. Two or more cubito-anal
cross veins in both front and hind wings.
c. Hind wings broad with two rows of cells between anal
loop and margin of wing..............Platycordulia.
Hind wings broad with one row of cells between anal
loop and margin of wing.................Neurocordulia.
bb. Triangles and subtriangles of fore wing without cross
veins. Hind wing without subtriangle. One cubito-anal
cross vein in both front and hind wings. Wings unspotted
expect at extreme base....................Waulliamsonta.
Following these genera would then come those having veins M4
and Cul in the fore wing approximated toward the margin of the
wing.
Dr. Hagen in Pysche in the article above referred to states that
two females of lintnert were collected at Saskatchewan, Lake
Winnipeg, in 1860 by Robert Kennicott; that eight specimens,
four males and four females were collected by Dr. Lintner on
May 27, at Center near Albany, N. Y., and he adds that “It is very
96 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
interesting that this apparently arctic species is found in eastern
New York.’ We may add that it is still more interesting that it
should be found in New Jersey.
ON NOMENCLATURE.
The Principle of Priority—Its Use and Abuse.
The principle of priority in zoological nomenclature is fun-
damentally a rule of equity. Its chief end is to ensure to every man
the credit and reward for his taxonomic endeavor and labors. It
is, in brief, this—that the first to recognize and describe some living
being as heretofore undiscovered shall get the credit and recog-
nition due to his keener perceptions or greater knowledge. In
the abstract, nothing can be urged against its application—its
concrete workings are the subject of much heartburning, contro-
versy, and even bitter recrimination. The difficulty is not with
the law itself, but it lies in its application, or, rather, its non-obser-
vance. Every nomenclatorialist is, and has been, a law unto
himself. When the strict application of priority has clashed with
some cherished and long-familiar name, it has been ruthlessly
sacrificed on some pretext or another. Few, if any, seem to have
the courage to follow where logic leads them; fewer still are those
who are impartial and impersonal enough to recognize and set
aside their own prepossessions as cold-bloodedly as they do
another’s.
In nomenclature to-day we have one law of priority and as
many applications as there are men. All profess entire allegiance
to the principle, but—with exceptions. Dr. Puton, the noted
French entomologist, in the preface to his Catalogue of the Pale-
arctic Hemiptera, does homage to priority “mitigated by a wise
prescription.’’ Lo! you! the milk in the cocoanut! Mitigation!
Wisdom! Prescription! Who shall judge as to the mitigation?
Whose wisdom shall apply? Who shall set the prescriptive limits?
Shall it devolve upon the users of the law? Shall it be governed
by an oligarchic Committee? Shall it be finally, the plaything
of each and every Zoological Congress to be changed perhaps
every year according to the dominant sentiment in a more or less
heterogeneous and (on this point), uninformed assemblage? In
October, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 97
the first and last instances, the longed-for stability will be as much
a will-o’-the-wisp as it is to-day, for we shall have never-ending
changes and no man will know where he stands. In the second
case, a considerable number will adhere to the findings of such a
committee, especially those who have little independence of
thought and who will then, as now, kow-tow to any Grand Pan-
jandrum, as well as certain ones who have magnanimity and self-
lessness enough to acquiesce rather than retard the progress of
science by petty bickerings over immaterial things. Outside of
these there will be a large minority of active, intense workers,
who are conscious of better facilities for information and who will
continue to be independent of any Committee or other agency
tending to restrict their scientific independence, just as there
are now.
On the other hand, it must be admitted that there are any
number of nomenclatorial body-snatchers, prowling around the
forgotten graves of forgotten men, together with a goodly sprink-
ling of eugenists, always ready to improve the child of another’s
brain though themselves barren as the desert. These resurrec-
tionists dig and delve and search and attempt to revivify things
as dead as the Pharaohs and not nearly as useful and well-
preserved. Nevertheless, much good has been done by these
revivifiers, éven though their wheat be deeply overlaid with chaff;
they garner that others may winnow.
In the eugenists, the improvers, the emmendators classical
and otherwise, we have the head and front of the offending!
From much of their work has arisen this unending synonymy,
this endless labor to arrive at a firm foundation for nomenclature.
Not content with the name another has originated, they change,
improve, amend, and frequently, being men of real eminence
themselves, they have succeeded in imposing their will on their
followers, till some one keener, more logical has arisen to overturn
their work. Thus many a man has gotten credit for another’s
work, merely through correcting a spelling, or, less legitimately,
by renaming something because the other man’s naming did not
appeal to his fancy.
Thus, the whole nomenclatorial question is complicated by
the unwarranted activities of misguided enthusiasts. Priority is
always at the mercy not only of individual judgment, but also of
98 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
individual prejudices, of personal caprice, of neglect, of lack of
courage. Repeated instances might be cited of men who knowing
a thing was wrong, pointed it out, and not only left it uncorrected,
but also continued its use themselves.
The principle, therefore, is in theory, rigid; in practice more
flexible than a serpent and more tortuous than a maze. In order
to render it that firm foundation for nomenclature it was intended
to be, wise rules should be formulated defining its scope and restrict-
ing its workings, if necessary. It should be rendered impossible
for zoologists to make any emendations, classical or otherwise;
fixed rules for determining priority should be adopted; a restriction
should be placed on revival of old names of doubtful validity;
steps should be taken to do away with species unrecognizable
without the types; and above all, human nature should be reformed
and perfected, and every nomenclatorialist should be endowed
with keenness of understanding, logic, unselfishness and imparti-
ality, in order to apply the law of priority with even-handed
justice. When this ideal is attained, then nomenclature will be
on a firm foundation.
Observe the law impartially, enforce the law rigidly, there
lies the one and only road to a stable nomenclature.
J. Ro dee
Table of Hickory Leaf Midge Galls.
By EB: Pa PELtT) Albany aN te
Hickory or Carya comprises a number of closely related
species well separated from other members of the flora. Our
studies of gall midges have shown the genus Caryomyia to be
confined to Carya upon the leaves of which a number of closely
related midges produce very similar galls.
This table is designed to assist in the identification of the
species by characters found in the galls and larve. It should be
considered as tentative and suggestive rather than as final, owing
to the variations in the galls and the difficulty of finding satis-
factory specific characters in the larve. It is probable that other
species of Caryomyia, aside from those tabulated below, will be
found to inhabit the hickory. Certain species are tentatively
assigned to this genus.
WILLIAMSONIA LINTNERI 2
DOROCORDULIA LEPIDA
October, 1013 + Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 99
a Breast-bone unidentate, slender.
b Gall distinctly hairy.
ec Gall globose, small, thin-walled, long-haired, reddish
holotricha O. S.
ec Gall subglobose, large, thick-walled, short-haired,
reddish. . Ae he . persicoides Beutm.
bb Galls smooth or ay howe enarsely pabexcent:
e Gall tubular, greenish or blackish... ....tubicola O. S.
ce Galls globose.
d Gall thin-walled, purplish or red.
sangutnolenta O. S.
dd Gall small, thin-walled, depressed, yellowish
green or brown. ea ..sumilis Felt.
ddd Gall small, thin- walled. he ants cavity
above, green or brownish......znanis Felt.
dddd Gall small, thick-walled, depressed, yellowish
brown or green...........consobrina Felt.
ddddd_ Gall large, thick-walled, yellowish or brown
antennata Felt.
cece Gall conical, the apex long........caryaecola Felt.
eece Gall an irregular midrib swelling... .cynipsea O. S.
bbb Gall not produced, the larvae exposed on leaf and caus-
ing a yellowish spot.................. glutinosa O.5.
aa_ Breast-bone bidentate.
b_ Breast-bone slender, the teeth approximate basally.
ec Gall small, globose, with long, erect, reddish or fuscous
hairs . oaks Wiis .thompsont Felt.
ec Gallan iefegular ewelling on fhe fiasle -nucicola O. 5.
bb Breast-bone broad, the teeth widely separated.
ec Gall globose, thin-walled, yellowish green or brown
caryé O.5.
A Northern Record.—Mr. R. N. Buckstaff reports large numbers of Zerene
(Colias Fab.) caesonia June 16 near Oshkosh, Wis. This butterfly is fairly
common in the south and extends into South America.
NOTA BENE.—The next meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
will be held at the Children’s Museum, 185 Brooklyn Ave., October 16,
at 8 P.M.
100 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
Proceedings of The Brooklyn Entomological Society.
The regular monthly meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
was held at 55 Stuyvesant Ave., Brooklyn, May 15, with sixteen members
present.
It was voted that the Bulletin volumes should begin with the calendar
year. Accordingly the present volume 8 is to consist of eight numbers. In
this way bills for annual dues shall accord with annual subscriptions at the
rate of 20 cents a number.
The Publication Committee reported that the support to the Bulletin
to date was all that could be reasonably expected, that contributions on hand
insured high class material only, and sufficient for the next three numbers.
Mr. F. C. Pasch was appointed to the Outing Committee, vice Mr. Olsen,
resigned on account of the pressure of Society work.
Messrs. Chas. Schaeffer and J. R. de la Torre-Bueno were elected a
Committee to represent the Society in the American National Committee on
Nomenclature; a part of the International Committee which is to report to
the next International Entomological Congress.
Mr. Franck showed an aberrant Eudamus bathyllus, taken in Prospect
Park, in which the characteristic white markings of the primaries were reduced
to barely visible spots.
Mr. Torre-Bueno read a paper on the Adaptation of the Aquatic Hemip-
tera to their Environment, which will be printed later.
Mr. Dow spoke briefly on the joy of sifting for beetles, as exemplified
by an expedition to Kerlilworth Swamp, N. J.
R. P. Dow,
Secretary.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Sent postpaid on receipt of price by R. P. Dow, Secy., 15 Broad St., Manhat-
tan.
THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomology,
by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by the Kny-Scheerer Co., 404-410
West 27th St., N. Y. City, and Ward’s Natural Science Establishment,
84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
Clothubounds.). 2.0055 oR ee $2.00
Copiesibound with interleaves foradditions, =). 322) —- a. eee 250
BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Vols.
1, 2 and 3 are out of print and will be bought at $1.25, each. Vols. 4 to 7 for
sale at, per voll. ccc 05 55 om chose) yeh om gaa eee ies
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1-6 inclusive, each....... 2.00
PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vols. 1 and4each............. 2.00
Vols. 2 and 3 wanted.
SCHAUPP, Synopsis of the Cicindelidae, 5 col. plates............... 1.00
OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera............ .90
UHBEERS Checklistiofitheslemipteram ere eee een renin w25
“THE. BROOKLYN
_ ENTOMOLOGICAL. ‘SOCIETY
a | Metin are held on the second Thursday after the che Tuesday of
Fil ee month from October to June inclusive, The annual dues are $2.00.
eC ORPICERS, 1913
OEE aaa President
Beata SS, _ WILLIAM T. DAVIS —
Be we pee % } iia Vice-President eh
CARTS Aas ica W. T. BATHER ~
: Recording and Corresponding Secretary —
3 cabere —R. P. DOW
ie ; . Treasurer
be Ba me PCE MOLSBIN:::
bese _ Librarian
Ss. C. WHEAT
ie Al eg Re Catator),<):* 5)
a GEORGE FRANCK |
Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences
CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
Bulletin of the
avguada Entomological Society
_ Published in
Ct a a December, February, April and June of each year.
. Subscription price, $1.00 per year in advance; single copies 25 cents; —
eto: members: of the Brooklyn Entomological Society the subscription price is
50 cents, single copies 15 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short
articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited.
‘hie Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance. of pebaanon:
Ay Address subscriptions and all communications to. :
f _ Bulletin of the Brooklyn Ehtomalosica? Society,
¢ entral Museum, Eastern Parkway,
- Brooklyn, N. Y.
if iy,
ty va
Ve
ton
O.,
eg
Departmeni of Natural Science
G. LAGAT, Ph.D.
404-410 West 27th Street New York City, N.Y.
a
ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS
North American and exotic insects of all orders
in perfect condition. Single specimens and
collections illustrating mimicry, protective color-
ation, dimorphism, collections of representatives
of the different orders of insects, etc.
Series of specimens illustrating insect life, color
variation, etc. _ Metamorphoses of insects.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES
Collecting Utensils,
Breeding Apparatus and Cages for
Living Animals,
Preparing and Preserving Utensils,
Cabinets, Insect Cases and Lining
Material,
Magnifiers,
Botanists Supplies,
Explorers and Collectors Camp
utfits,
eS eM es A ee a, ee ee
Miscellaneous Naturalists Supplies,
Oologists Supplies,
Aquaria,
Books and Publications,
Chemicals . THE KNY“SCHEERER CON. Y.
Illustrated Catalogues of Biological Supplies
Entomological Supplies sent free on application.
ls
4 BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY
NEW SERIES
> PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
PROG, rig Chairman
R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW,
_ Advertising Manager — ‘ Editor
Published by the Society |
Subscription $1 .00 per year (five issues)
Ward S Naneal i Exablshneatl
84-102 COLLEGE AVENUE :: :: ROCHESTER, N. Y¥.
7% is
ee eee,
We take pleasure in announcing to the reader
of the Bulletin that we have recently purchased ©
the entire stock in trade of the American Ento-
mological Co., of Brooklyn, and respectfully
solicit your patronage.
Our stock of Lepidoptera is the largest in the
world.
We assemble here collections of all inalss
among which we mention LIFE HISTORIES of
2 ECONOMIC INSECTS, collections showing
MIMICRY AND PROTECTIVE COLORATION
as well as large and small SYSTEMATIC COL-
LECTIONS.
We shall continue to eure the ONLY
GENUINE HAND-MADE SCHMITT INSECT
BOX andthe well known AMERICAN ENTO-
~ MOLOGICAL CO’S. INSECT PINS.
Our stock of Laboratory material for Dissec-
tion is very large and complete.
If you are interested in Entomology and wish —
to receive our special lists as they are published,
send us your name for our mailing list.
Our Price List of Entomological BoE will
be mailed free upon request. im
Our Catalogue of Insects (Price 25c. ) contains
lists and prices of Lepidoptera, Insect Collec-
tions and Laboratory Material.
We are also acting as distributors for Dr.
John B. Smith’s Explanation of Entomological -
Terms, Price $2.00. A necessity to every Ento-
mologist-
SNE UM Dick Sh ike ete EL es ue Re nee ede Se tee ee be eee
Ward's Natural Science Establishment 4
BULLETIN -
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
VoL. VIII ‘ DECEMBER, 1913 No. 7
CONTENTS
NORTH AMERICAN ACORN GALLS, Wm. Beutenmuller......... 101
Pe TIMES OF. DR. HARRIS, R. P. Dow... . sce. doe eend 106
A NATURALIST IN BRITISH GUIANA, J. M. Geddes............ 118
SCARITES SUBTERRANEUS FABR. AND VARIETIES
Bi Teme TEGI 20, Vy ove che. ace heya he ee aie aie aioe ile: s GAs ore ae iA
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SO CCIITEU IS oe ie ey ates an ry Se Re eee ee RO Be a 124
The North American Acorn Galls with Descriptions of
New Species
By William Beutenmuller, New York.
The following Cynipid galls are known to me to occur on and
in the acorns of different kinds of oaks. Other new species
will undoubtedly be found when we know more about the nat-
ural history of the Cynipidae. The figures on the plate were
made by Mrs. E. L. Beutenmuller.
Amphibolips prunus Walsh. figs. 1, 2.
Cynips quercus prunus Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. III, 1864, p.
639; Am. Ent., vol. I, 1869, p. 104, fig. 80.
This is the well known oak plum gall which grows on the
acorn cups of red oak (Q. rubra), black oak (Q. velutina), scar-
let oak (Q. coccinea), and scrub oak (Q. nana). It is bright
red, more or less globular and often looking like a marble.
When fresh it is solid but fleshy and of apink color inside, shad-
ing into yellow toward the middle, where there is a single large
larval chamber. When mature it becomes blood red and when
old and dry it becomes shriveled and quite hard. It matures
late in August or early September, and the fly emerges the
following spring. Additional references to the literature of
this species may be found in my paper on North American
species of Amphibolips (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. XXVI,
1909,-p. 62.
Habitat: New England and Middle States south to Ga.,-and-west-to_
Colo. ASO aN MSO AS
102 | Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
Amphibolips gainesi Bassett. figs. 3, 4, 5.
Amphibolips gainesi Bassett, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. XXVI, 1900,
p. 322; Dalla Torre & Kieffer, Gen. Ins. Hymen. Cynip., 1902, p. 67; Das
Tierreich, pt. XXIV, 1910; \Beutenmuller, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol.
XXVI, 1909, p. 63, pl. XV, figs. 4, 5.
The gall is attached by a single small point to the side of an
acorn cup of the black jack oak (Q. marylandica). It is per-
fectly round and smooth and measures from 24 to 42 mm. in
diameter. .When dry it is brown and rusty brown inside and
of a dense corky consistency. Internally it contains a large
central larval chamber, which is firmly imbedded in and adher-
ent to the surrounding mass. The imago is one of the largest
species and is closely allied to A. prunus. The gall is probably
red or yellow when fresh.
Habitat: Texas.
Amphibolips fuliginosa Ashmead. figs. 6, 7.
Amphibolips fuliginosa Ashmead, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. XXII,
1885, p. 294; ibid vol. XXIV, 1887, p. 180; Dalla Torre & Kieffer Gen.
Ins. Hymen. Cynip. 1902, p. 67; Das Tierreich, pt. XXIV., 1910, p. 63,
Beutenmuller, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. XXVI., 1909, p. 63,
pl. XV figs. 6 and 7.
A small red gall measuring from 8 to 12 mm. in diameter. It —
is rounded or spherical, smooth, and of a corky texture, with a
central larval cell. Dr. W. H. Ashmead states that the galls
drop from large trees of willow oaks (Q. laurifolia) in August
and that he was unable to find out whether they grow on the
twigs or leaves. I am of the opinion that it is an acorn gall,
' growing on the cup, owing to the resemblance of the adult and
structure of the gall to that of A. prunus.
Habitat: Florida.
Callirhytis fruiticola Ashmead. fig. 8.
Callirhytis fruiticola Riley, ms. Ins. Life, vol. V., 1893, p. 196; Murt-
feldt, Ins. Life, vol. VI., 1894, p. 8322; Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
vol. XIX., 1896, p. 131; Dalla Torre & Kieffer, Gen. Ins. Hymen. Cynip.
1902, p. 66; Das Tierreich, pt. XXIV, 1910.
The gall of this interesting species occurs in the meaty part
of acorns of scarlet, red and black (Q. tinctoria) oak and prob-
ably others belonging to the red oak group. It consists simply
of a hard rounded kernel or larval cell imbedded in the inside of
the acorn. Sometimes there are more than a dozen larval cells
closely pressing upon one another and filling the whole interior
of the acorn. The gall matures in the autumn and the adult
December, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 103
emerges next spring. A gall similar to that of fruiticola was
found by Mr. L. H. Weld, at Evanston, IIl., in the acorn of the
swamp oak (Q. platanoides) which, when the adult is known,
will undoubtedly prove to be a new species.
Habitat: N. Y., Conn., N. J., Penn., Ill., Mich., Mo.
Andricus operatola Bassett. fig. 9.
Andricus operatola Bassett, Trans. Am. Ent.Soc., vol. XXVI., 1900, p.
315; Dalla Torre & Kieffer, Gen Ins. Hymen. Cynip., 1902, p. 65; Das
Tierreich, pt. XXIV, 1910.
Forms a flattened tooth-like or wedge shaped gall on the
outside between the cup and the acorn with the ends more or
less protruding. It lies in a depression and is of a light brown
color. Often there are as many as eight galls on a single
acorn. It occurs on red, scarlet, black and scrub oak. Ac-
cording to H. F. Bassett the galls mature in autumn, and early
in the spring following part becomes imagos, another part re-
maining in the larval state another year, while a few remain in
this condition still longer, and, as suggested by C. V. Riley,
may develop the third year.
Habitat: Ottawa, Can., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Penn., and westward.
Andricus glandulus sp. nov. fig. 10.
Cynips quercus glandulus Riley, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci. vol. III.,
1877, p. 577; Lintner, 4th. Rep. Ins., N. Y., p. 44.
Cynip glandulosus Cresson, Syn. Hym. N. A., pt. II., 1887, p. 177. Cy-
nips q. glandulus Packard, 5th. Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., 1890, p. 113.
Female.—Form robust. Uniform light cinnamon brown.
Legs somewhat paler with the middle and hind femora dark
brown. Head finely granulated and subtriangular in shape.
Antenne 14-jointed, stout and almost uniform in width, 1st.
joint long, 2nd. small, 3rd. long, 4th., 5th., and 6th. shorter
than the 3rd. and subequal. The following joints small and
almost equal in size. Thorax robust, about as long as broad,
finely and evenly granulated. Parapsidal grooves well defined,
punctate, inwardly curved anteriorly, thence parallel to nearly
the scutellum where they curve outwardly and converge,
though fairly well apart. Anterior parallel grooves fine and
extending a little beyond the middle of the thorax where they
are slightly divergent. Lateral grooves short. Collar rugose.
Pleure minutely aciculated. Scutellum more granulated than
the thorax with a broad prominent transverse shining groove
104 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII ©
or channel at the base. Abdomen well rounded dorsally, the
large second segment smooth, the following segments micro-
scopically punctate. At the base of the second segment are a
few minute whitish hairs. Sheath of ovipositor black, stout
and extending upward but not beyond the anal segment.
Wings pale, hyaline, cross and basal veins heavy, yellowish
brown and very slightly clouded with the same color, outer
veins faint; radial area broad and open at the costal margin;
second cross-vein bluntly angulate or rounded outwardly;
areolet very small; cubitus fine and not extending to the cross-
vein. Length 2.50 to 3.25 mm.
Gall.—In the cups of acorns of swamp white oak (Gee cus
platanoides), burr oak (Q. macrocarpa), dwarf chestnut oak —
(Q. prinoides), chestnut oak (Q. prinus), and probably other —
trees belonging to the white oak group. Monothalamous. The
gall is formed in a cavity, causing more or less bulging and
swelling of the acorn cup. It is an elongate body averaging
when well developed 5 mm. long and not quite half as wide.
The sides are sometimes parallel, but more often slightly
bulging or sometimes longitudinally ribbed or smooth; whitish ~
green, yellowish, often with a roseate tinge. The base is
truncate and covered with a whitish down. The crown is flat-—
tened or slightly concave with a small central conical nipple.
The mouth of the cavity in the acorn cup is either strongly
fimbricated or simple, according to the nature of the cup scales,
and thus either concealing the gall or exposing a large part of
it. The larva lies in a cell near the top of the gall. Sometimes
the galls deform the acorns.
Habitat: N. Y., Penn., N. J., Ill., Ohio, Mo., Conn.
Many years ago ane late C. Vv. Riley gave me a specimen of a
gall-fly which he said he had raised from the oak-pip gall in the
acorn cups. But the species was never described by him, ex-—
cept from the gall which he termed Cynip quercus glandulus.
While collecting in the pine barrens at Lakehurst, N. J., very
early in May, I took a number of female gall-flies on the twigs ©
of the dwarf chestnut oak, presumably ovipositing in young
acorns. My specimens agree in all particulars with the one |
given to me by him, and are described above together with his |
as being the producers of the oak-pip galls. The ripe and well
developed gall falls out of its cavity to the ground, where the
LG Ae ENS SE gal si Sa -
December, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 105
larva remains within it either to the following spring or the
next year. Described from twelve females, three of which
have the anterior parallel and lateral grooves black and nar-
rowly edged on each side by the same color.
Andricus perditor Bassett. fig. 11.
Andricus perditor Bassett, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. vol. XX VI, 1900, p. 313.
The gall of this species is practically nothing more than a
deformed acorn of the scrub oak. The eggs are deposited
early in spring in the very young acorns of the first year’s
growth. They are reddish and mature in September and
October. When fully developed they turn brown like the color
of the acorns.
Habitat: Conn., N. J., Ill.
Andricus eldoradensis sp. nov. fig. 12.
Male.—Body wholly pale yellowish brown, legs somewhat
paler, eyes and ocelli black. Head microscopically granulated
and with minute hairs. Antenne 15-jointed, long and slender.
Thorax slightly shining, minutely punctate. Parapsidal
grooves very deep and prominent, and almost touching the
medium groove at the scutellum. Anterior parallel lines and
lateral grooves wanting. Scutellum finely rugose with two
large basal fovez, scarcely separated by a ridge. Abdomen
smooth and shining. Wings hyaline, veins yellowish brown;
radial area closed; cubitus extending to first cross-vein, areolet
rather large. Length 2.50 mm.
Gall.—Inside the acorns of Q. agrifolia. | Rounded bodies or
larval cells, sometimes filling the whole interior of the acorn.
In shape and structure they are like those of Callirhytis
frutticola.
Habitat: Alameda and Los Angeles Co., Cal. (A. Koebele). Type U.
S. Nat. Mus., paratype coll. W. Beutenmuller.
The flies of this species are from Los Angeles Co. and are
labeled “from acorns of Q. agrifolia’”’, while the galls are from
Alameda Co. It is barely possible that the flies have nothing
to do with the galls, but both bear the same number, 109.
IDENTIFICATIONS.—The Secretary sets apart the hour from 12 to 1,
Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, at his office, 15 Broad St.,
Manhattan, room 9, Ninth floor,to receive visitors interested in Entomol-
ogy, and aid them if possible, to identify, especially Coleoptera and Lep-
idoptera, Beginners will be made especially welcome,
106 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
The Work and Times of Dr. Harris
By R. P. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Two allusions have already been made in the historical
papers of the Bulletin to Dr. Thaddeus W. Harris, one regard-
ing his attempt to restore the vermin-eaten collection of Say,
the other beginning a life-long correspondence with Rev. Wil-
liam Kirby. Any adequate notice of this pioneer should be a
history of American entomology for 35 years. During half
that period there were not five men in this country worthy of
the name entomologist.
Eight years younger than Thomas Say, Harris had a career
comparable in many respects with that of Kirby. After a
University education, becoming the typical country collec-
tor in all orders, he developed into the first American
Entomologist of his time and the central figure of the Boston
Society of Natural History, as was Kirby of the Entomological
Society of London.
Coming of a scholarly family in Cambridge, Harris went
through Harvard and attended the slender course of lectures
- in Natural History by Prof. Wm. D. Peck, but apparently did
not take up entomological pursuits, until influenced by Peck
after his graduation. The earliest specimens in his collection
date from his residence in Milton, Mass., where he began the
practice of medicine, in 1821 and where he practiced in all for
eleven years.
For the public data of Harris’ life there is a memoir by his
son, a briefer one by his pupil, Major Thomas Wentworth
Higginson, and a volume of his correspondence, edited by
Samuel H. Scudder. In the last the most interesting are the
letters exchanged with Nicholas Marcellus Hentz, a French-
man by birth, who came to this country in boyhood and was —
teaching at the time in Northampton. Harris was not fond of
medicine and never attained to a lucrative practice. He
began to be an entomologist. Almost bookless. companionless,
he and Hentz worried together over the identification of their
commonest things. Even this was not to last. In 1826 Hentz
was called to a chair in the University of North Carolina.
Harris hoped to follow him there, and even suggested that he
might read up to fill a chair of Materia Medica or Gynecology.
Fate ruled otherwise, or Harris might have passed his whole
December, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 107
life, a square peg in a round hole. The post of Librarian at
Harvard University became vacant and Harris accepted it
gladly. This was in 1831, when he was 35 years old, and he
held the position for the remaining 25 years of his life.
The friendship with Hentz was permanent, and Hentz was
an entomologist always. He specialized later in Spiders and
his work on this subject has been republished, edited by J. H.
Emerton. His beetle papers were sent to Harris. At that
date, 1827, Dr. Pickering was editing the publication of the
Philadelphia Academy of Sciences and was complaining of a
shortage of good “copy”. Like other American pioneers,
Hentz has suffered from the synonymy, but he still has nine
species in the checklist, Lebia grandis being perhaps the best
known.
A bronze tablet on a house in Milton bears the inscription :—
“In this house from 1824 to 1831 dwelt
Thaddeus William Harris, M. D., botanist,
entomologist, and finally librarian of Har-
vard College. In each capacity he won for
himself fame and gratitude. He had the
modesty and unselfishness of true science,
with what may be rightly called the true
chivalry of spirit.”
The post of Librarian of Harvard had its compensations and
disadvantages. Far from being a sinecure, yet the care of
30,000 volumes left a little more leisure for insects and at more
fixed times than the care of a country medical practice. It
gave a certain prestige, socially and otherwise.
When Dr. Harris removed to Cambridge he occupied the
house that had been the residence of his great-grandfather,
Thaddeus Mason. Some time afterward he erected the house
in which he died, and which is still in the occupation of his
surviving daughters, (1913). The granite front door step of
the Mason house was transported to the new home where it
still rests, worn smooth by the feet of six generations.
But the salary was anything but large. Moreover Dr.
Harris had always at least a dozen little hungry mouths to
feed. Small wonder, then, that he sent his entomological
articles to the New England Farmer, as he had begun to do at
Milton seven years previously. The editors importuned him
108 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. Vill
constantly for papers of economic interest and it is to be hoped
that their checks in payment were for satisfactory amounts.
Harris’ contributions were frequent for 22 years. He also
wrote for many other periodicals designed for farmers. The
vague hope of a professorship was never fully realized. For
five years from 1837 Dr. Harris filled a vacancy in the Chair of
Natural History, giving a course of lectures twice a week to the
senior class. Not satisfied with this, he organized an evening
class for voluntary attendance, which was, in fact something
like the Entomological Societies of to-day, with one speaker
having the floor most of the time. John W. Randall, a senior
from Maine, attended these meetings. He turned to beetles,
which were also Harris’ favorites, and collected diligently near
Cambridge during the academic season and in Maine during
vacation. Two papers were the result of his efforts, in which
87 new species were described. Randall became a physician,
but never reappeared as a coleopterist. Years later his papers
were edited by P. S. Sprague* and EK. P. Austin, who reidenti-
fied the species, of which 47 are saved from the synonymy.
When Prof. Peck died in 1822, Harris was the only entomolo-
gist worthy of the name in Massachusetts for: some years.
He was compelled to find through correspondence congenial
companionship denied to him through personal contact. This
was in insect study only, for he numbered his social and scien-
tific friends as freely as he chose. His correspondence with
Kirby began in 1822. During the same year Prof. Nuttall,+
the botanist introduced him by letter to:-Thomas Say at Phila-
delphia. The two men never allowed their correspondence to
flag. At Say’s suggestion Harris shipped his whole collection
to Philadelphia in 1825 and Say labelled it as far as he could.
All these labels remain intact today, a fact which adds greatly
to. the historical interest of the Harris collection.
With Prof. Hentz there was always a regular interchange of
letters. Hentz forwarded his collection for sale in 1836. It
was found to rival the Fenton collection at Boston. It was
hard, however, to raise the money asked for it, $1358. This
included some costly books, sets of Olivier and Voet, for
example. It was finally raised and the collection incorporated
*Pterostichus spraguei Lec. preserves this name in Coleopterology.
{Trichodes nuttalli Kirby preserves this name in the checklist,
December, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 109
with others in the Boston Society of Natural History. Little
of it was left by 1861. Insects are fragile; constant care of
them a necessity. There were few who looked at them for
twenty years. Moreover the scientists of the old days pinned
their faith on printed descriptions. It did not occur to
Harris and his confreres that subdivision would be carried to
a point where a TYPE was everything and a description of
secondary importance at best. It took Leconte, Schwarz and
Henshaw to teach the value of a type. Eschscholtz and Manner-
heim gave types away without hesitation when they had
compared other specimens with them.
The plan which Dr. Harris made as early as 1825 to publish a
list of local insects—a Fawnula Insectorum Bostoniensis—was
never carried out, largely through difficulty in establishing
names of the Diptera, Hymenoptera and some of the lower
orders. Literature was hard to acquire and money to acquire
it harder to get. The European writings came one by one, not
from library funds but out of Harris’ savings. Literature on
many orders was not in existence. Of every work that came
into Harris’ possession he made a careful index of species, all
through long tomes of Olivier, Fabricius, Schcenherr, and
many others. Asa substitute for his original plan he prepared
a list of the insects found in Massachusetts, and this was ap-
pended to Hitchcock’s Geological Report. Dr Harris received
no remuneration whatever for this work. Ten years later he
was appointed by the State as one of a commission to make a
more thorough survey. In this capacity he prepared his
“Report on Insects Injurious to Vegetation.” The State paid
him $175 for this work. The following year it was re-pub-
lished by himself as a treatise, with a second revised edition
ten years later. The edition generally seen nowadays was
published by the State ten years later still, after his death,
and the colored plates therein were never seen by him.
A most valuable friend was a classmate, Rev. L. W. Leonard,
who settled in Dublin, N. H., an enthusiastic collector and
breeder of all orders of insects. This gentleman, whose name
is preserved in the checklist by Melanotus leonardi Lec., sent
on one occasion to Harris 600 specimens of beetles, probably
over 200 species, caught in the shadow of Mt. Monadnock.
Leonard made no effort to describe species, presumably on
110 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
account of lack of literature. He afterwards sent quite a
deal of material to Leconte. Harris himself had only 375
species oi beetles in 1825.
In 1830 Harris met Major Leconte, though possibly not for
the first time. The latter, recently returned from Paris, had
brought hundreds of drawings of beetles of the Dejean collec-
tion, and devoted much time to a comparison, which resulted in
many changes innames. Leconte advised strongly that Har-
ris should re-publish all his descriptions of new species to make
them more accessible. One reason for this counsel was the at-
titude of Dejean himself ,who slighted many species named by
Say and renamed them, alleging that he could not read the En-
glish descriptions. There were two sides to Dejean’s attitude.
The old school held vigorously that all scientific descriptions
must be written in Latin. Leconte the younger thought so,
too, and did it up to about 1873. Harris was a good Latinist
but wrote his deseriptions in English, sneering a little at the
usual crude efforts in “dog” Latin. Harris also had, as
Leconte pointed out, about 200 new species in various orders in
his cabinet, which could be added to a symposium of new or re-
descriptions to be contributed to Silliman’s Journal which was
at this time the only scientific periodical in the United States.
In 1837 Harris began a correspondence and exchange of spec-
imens with Dr. Chas. Zimmermann. This gentleman is one of
the most interesting characters in the history of our study.
Although his father was a carpenter he himself seems to
have been thoroughly educated, and at all events he ac-
quired a mastery of the English language, virile, if idiomatic,
as his correspondence shows. He came to this country in 1835.
M. Sommer*, the banker of Altona, near Hamburg, an ardent
collector and patron of many entomologists, lent aid to his trip.
Zimmermann was to send insects to him for distribution to
those who would buy at $5 a hundred, rather a low price, con-
sidering the collector and the scarcity of American material.
Of his experiences in America the following letter tells more
than a volume. Of hundreds of unpublished letters read to
find historical material, this is the best. Dickens could do
no better.
*Cicindela sommeri Mannerheim is named for him.
December, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 111
Columbia, S. C., June 9, 1841.
Dr. W. T. Harris:
Dear Sir: Your letter of Feb. 9 has arrived at my hands. I got it
yesterday by private conveyance. If I had it in due course of mail in
February, it would have put me in a fever, and caused me to travel post-
haste to Cambridge—but, Gods! what tribulation! You doubtless are
doomed to become a second Hercules, to clean the thousand stables
(—Say’s insects) of Augeas (—the Philadelphia Society) from filth. It
is rather late now in the season, and I fear, I shall not have time sufficient
to travel this summer 1,000 miles North, and then 1,000 miles South
again, but I may give you counsel, that may answer even better than my
personal presence. It is at least well worth to be looked at and taken
into consideration, for it is fraught with balm, and proof for vexations
got up at Philade!phia, if you should not have done with them yet. “Put
Say’s collection in as many boxes as you got with them; don’t trouble
yourself with cleansing the bugs, don’t vex yourself with fixing them on
pins in rank and file, don’t spend a moment time to determine the
species, and don’t write to the Society in other words than the following:
....hereby returned that most valuable collection of the late Mr. T. Say,
in as fine an order as these priceless remains of that most indefatigable
and most disorderly naturalist’s collection of big and small bugs deserve.”
This your lettér will then be read on one of the next meetings of the
resident members, and will be handed round from man to man till all have
seen it. Then the foreman will ask: Gentlemen, will you now please to
have the boxes opened and put to your inspection? and the answer will be
“Never mind, Mr. Foreman, another time will do!” which means: have
Say’s collection of insects put off the table, which means: let them be
d d forever. To be sure, nobody at Philadelphia has an idea of look-
ing at those insects, and nobody of course will ever appreciate the labor
of your hands bestowed upon them. But if, in good earnest, you should
put (or have put) those insects in the very best order, do you believe that
any Philadelphian will thank you for your trouble? Do you believe that
the Philadelphians can find any interest in the collection of the late Mr.
Say? Do you believe that those insects will escape the ravages of the
vermin, when boxed up at Philadelphia? Never mind the Philadelphians.
They have more to do than look at insects and insect-fragments, they
have to make shinplaster etc., which is far more to their liking and
capacity. Never mind the Philadelphians. I have little doubt, that, if
you would offer them a trifle of money for Say’s collection, you would
have it, and get many thanks besides. Try! At any rate, you seem to
take the business entirely too serious, and you spend your time in ex-
change for vexation and anger, and what profit has your family from it?
Never mind the Philadelphians.
After I left Cambridge in November 1839 I arrived by way of New
York at the respectable city of Baltimore, finely situated and full of bank-
ing vermin, poverty, debts (public and private)and young whig associa-
112 = Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VII
tions, hard cider and log cabins, Tippecanoe songsters, office expectants,
and superabundance of revivals and piety. My intention was to be off
again after a few days for the South, to repair there my entomological
losses; however Pastor Morris and some other friends, and the big snow,
and a very comfortable boarding house kept me there till Spring 1840.
Then I received letters from Europe announcing the death of my Father,
which altered my intentions and plans and gave me much to do and to
arrange in family concerns. Waiting for farther particulars I remain
in a village (Franklin) near Baltimore all Summer, catching insects,
playing the piano, falling in love and getting on my legs again. At
length, in September, I went to New York, where I got another letter
from home stating the death of my Mother. This blasted my intention
to pay you a visit, entirely, and I even could not write to you. I saw
however our old friend, Mr. Willcox, who showed me a Goliath, got by him
at Boston, and told me that he had bought from Mr. Townsend the Co-
lumbia River insects then in your hands! ! ! Would these insects have been
sold, to make a figure hereafter in some European collection, if the cele-
brated Society at Philadelphia had any sense for entomology? Hearing
that you wished to keep them yourself, I did all I could to prompt Mr.
Willcox to hand me over his rights, for something like a good bargain, to
make you a present with them....in vain! Two days after I returned
to Baltimore, which I after a week left for the South. Since then I have
spent the greater part of my time here at Columbia, to get again at well
known parts and regions all those species formerly found there. I have
pretty well succeeded, and am now about to leave here, and go (next
week) to Rockingham (Richmond County, North Carolina) where I have
bought a fine garden, and mean to put up a fine cocoonery during this
Summer. From there I shall direct very often a letter to you, and I
expect you will soon write and direct your letters to me there.
Since I left Baltimore I had to write so many letters to my Sister and
relations in Europe, that I postponed all communications with my friends
in this country, not knowing exactly, if I should be long enough on one
and the same place, or remain in this country at all. Therefore did not
your letter reach me sooner, for Mr. Morris did not know where to direct
it, and it would have arrived later yet, but for my purchase at Rocking-
ham. Then I wrote to him and reported him to send my books and in-
sects, and with his answer I received your letter, too.
In report of my collection I am happy to say, that it has increased
considerably, though the number of species falls very short of what I
possessed formerly. I also received many books, among which is the
whole of Dejean’s writings, Fischer’s Entomographie, the Annales of
Paris ete. In my leisure hours I shall now write a catalogue of my collec-
tion, for you know, that I am fond of entomological studies; but though
agreeable to me, entomology IS NOT, WAS NOT and NEVER WILL
BE a bit more than an object of recreation in leisure hours. I am there-
fore never troubled with other people’s collections, and least of all with
public collections. I also believe, that all public collections of insects are
December, 1918 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 118
entirely useless, unless a salaried inspector takes care of them, “as his
official duty’’, and till such regular inspectors are provided for, public col-
lections are very apt to serve for nothing but to provide food for vermin.
But—how is your family; Well, of course, and in first rate trim; the
sweet little pretty girls as well as the hearty boys: Harriet, Emma,
Kitty, merry Charles, strong “what’s his name?” gentle Holbrook, sober
minded Thaddeus, and the baby boy. I confess, a very pretty collection.
Recommend me to Mrs. Harris, assure her of my sincere respect.
I saw lately here at Columbia a pair of globes (celestial and terrestrial)
from the manufactory of Josiah Loring (Washington Street 136, Boston),
which pleased me so much, that I wish to buy a couple. They are about
one foot in diameter, and of the year 1833. But I understand that there
may have been published a later edition with all the recent discoveries,
and I would now beg you, when you are in Boston, to step up to Washing-
ton Street and inquire of the maker the following points: (1) of what
year are the newest globes? (2) are they of equal workmanship to those
of 1833? (3) what is the price? (4) are there globes of the same maker
of different sizes? Then, let me know this in your next letter, which I
shall expect at your convenience “at Rockingham’, North Carolina.
Some days ago I received a piece of intelligence, which may interest
you, and your many entomological pupils not the less, to wit: Mr. Nan-
ning Késter at New York has imported “genuine Berlin insect pins of
every size,” which he sells at very reasonable prices. Let your pupils
provide themselves. I also heard lately, that Mr. Townsend is to go (or
. has gone already) to Oregon again, but I am not certain about it, for
America has become the country of humbugs and hoaxes, as it is the
country of financial quackeries. If he brings good beetles from there, I
shall buy from him many.
Yours with sincere regards,
Charles Christoph Andrew Zimmermann.
Zimmermann knew Burmeister before coming to this coun-
try and supplied all the American specimens of Scarabzidze
used by that master in his Monograph. A genius, yes. He
played the piano, tuned pianos, taught school, doctored sick
mules, lectured, made friends everywhere—the best of friends.
He made a fortune—in Confederate money. He met a widow,
courted her that afternoon, married her the next day, quarreled
with her desperately before night, and lived happily with her
ever afterwards. Dr. Hagen wrote a biography of him, com-
piled from his own diaries, to which little can be added.
In after years he became a most devoted friend of Leconte,
and his types went with the Leconte collection to Cambridge.
The paper by which he is best known was his monograph on the
Scolytide, published posthumously. Zimmermann styled
114 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society _ Vol. VIII
them the Hylurgide, ignoring the noble name given by Geof-
froy, just as the European authors are at present trying to
substitute unlawfully the name Ipide, from DeGeer, a name
sunk, as Ips was also a genus, in another family set up by
Fabricius. Leconte edited and added to the Scolytid mono-
graph. Zimmermann lived long enough to include the material
in the family described by Eichhoff in Berlin in 1867. Zim-
mermann has 35 species in our checklist.
Of the correspondence with the Melsheimer family, letters
are extant dated 1835. Then letters and specimens were ex-
changed with Dr. F. E. Melsheimer at Hanover, Pa. It may be
remembered that Rev. F. V. Melsheimer published a catalogue
of the beetles of Pennsylvania in 1806. Had its publication
been delayed a year, it would have been a useful document.
Dr. Knoch, of Brunswick, Germany, to whom a vast deal of
material had been sent for identification, was slow in respond-
ing and the booklet went to press without his aid. As it is,
only 240 species mentioned have been clearly identified. The
collection made by this country clergyman was inherited by his
oldest son, J. F. Melsheimer, who also inherited his pastorate at
Hanover, Pa. This member of the family is the one to whom,
constant reference is made in Say’s writings. About 1821
some of Say’s admirers in Philadelphia, wishing to raise money
for him without hurting his pride, proposed that he prepare a
catalogue of the described beetles of the United States, to be
finished within one year. Say refused, knowing that the time
was too short, and preferring, as well, to devote his own time to
the description of new species. Nevertheless he realized that
the project was of great importance, although beyond his
power. He wrote about it to both Melsheimer and Harris, pro-
posing that both should keep all records toward this end.
Melsheimer did. A friend, Rev. Daniel Ziegler, had a pastor-
ate at York, 18 miles away. He was also a German, and he
joined in the catalogue project with enthusiasm. He pub-
lished but one paper, in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
describing 36 new species. His collection and manuscripts
descended to the younger Melsheimer, for the older brother
was short lived. Dr. Franz Ernst Melsheimer was a man of no
mean attainments. He kept up the catalogue for many years
and in 1842 was elected first president of the Entomological So-
December, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 115
ciety of Pennsylvania. In 1848 he offered his catalogue to the
Smithsonian Institution of Washington for publication. The
Mss. were submitted to Dr. S. S. Haldeman, of the University
of Pennsylvania, and Dr. J. L. Leconte. Both authorities, not
only advised its publication, but volunteered to bring it up to
date (1851) and to see it safely through the press. It was
brought out in July, 1853, and remained the standard, in fact
’ the only list until the publication of the checklist of Crotch in
1873. Species in the Melsheimer list are not numbered, but
the original description is in every case cited, and there is
included a fairly satisfactory synonymy. Its _ historical
value cannot be easily overestimated. The species credited
to Melsheimer in the Henshaw list are 220, but no distinction is
made between the three men. In the Melsheimer catalogue
they are divided.
When Ziegler died his collection was bought by Louis Agas-
siz fora song. It contained 11,837 specimens, of which 6,262
were American of 1,794 species. Agassiz also bought the co_-
lection of the three Melsheimers, paying only $150. This con-
tained 14,474 specimens, 10,272 American of 2,200 species.
The types of both collections were all loaned to Leconte, who
wrote in 1875 that he possessed all types of Haldeman, Mel-
sheimer and Ziegler. All now are safe at Cambridge. JZieg-
ler’s labels were large and awkward. A Museum attendant
threw them away, substituting the neatly written label “‘Zieg.”’
This nameless man is now past all danger of lynching. The
specimens of the eldest Melsheimer are mounted with common
brass pins. The specimens of J. F. Melsheimer cannot be so
distinguished, but many of them carry Say labels. F. E. Mel-
sheimer used exclusively Carlsbad pins, a little shorter than
usual.
Edward Doubleday, lepidopterist, of the British Museum, the
reputed inventor of the delightful pursuit of sugaring for
moths, visited this country, spending most of his time visiting
Dr. Harris in Cambridge. His namesake, Dr. Harris’ ninth
child was born in 1839, and is now a specialist in the Cicin-
delidz and a leading member of the New York Entomological
Society.
In 1842 Dr. Harris wrote to a friend that his collection was
not only the best in the United States, but was the only one of
116 ~=© Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VII
importance of all orders. It contains, he said, at least twice as
many species as the Say collection.
It is remarkable that Harris and Dr. Asa Fitch, the distin-
guished economic entomologist of New York did not correspond
and probably never met. Harris wrote to the Librarian of
Yale for Fitch’s papers on the Hessian fly, which would have
not been the case, had there been an acquaintance between the
two.
The friendship with the Leconte family lasted over twenty-
five years. It was through Harris’ influence that Major
Leconte published his Monographs on the Histers in Boston,
and that John L. Leconte chose the Boston Society of Natural
History to make his debut in his first really great paper. On
this occasion Leconte met Louis Agassiz. This meeting re-
sulted in the selection of Leconte for the famous expedition to
Lake Superior and the subsequent life-long friendship.
In the mention of coleopterists in this paper there is included
every American beetle described up to 1845. The collectors
could be counted on one’s fingers. There was Joseph Barabino,
a New Orleans merchant, who furnished all the local material
described by Say, and for whom no beetle has so far been
named. No beetle, either, remains named for Mr. Townsend,
the pioneer collector of Oregon and Washington territories,
who furnished hundreds of types for Schonherr, Reiche, Kirby,
Erichson, Germar, Leconte and others. One named for him by
Leconte fell into the synonymy. There was a butterfly collec-
tor in Philadelphia, he who kept his specimens in tin boxes and
melted wax on the bottoms, into which to stick his pins. There
were a half dozen Boston collectors, making no pretension to
scientific knowledge. A Mr. Wilkes of New York City, was in
1835 an amateur beetle collector. A Mr. Bachman of Charles-
town, S. C., had a collection and occasionally bought exotic,
showy specimens. :
Harris died in harness. The machine wore out in 1855. His
collection was bought by friends and presented to the Boston
Society of Natural History. It suffered during storage many
years ago, but is now reported to be in the best possible condi-
tion and in active use. His beetle species in the checklist are —
24 with one genus. |,
Late in 1918 another search was made of the Harris home in i I
December, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 117
Cambridge, especially for letters. It was rewarded by finding
a large package, tied up with Dr. Harris’ usual methodical care.
All of the Harris correspondence hitherto found was deposited
with the Boston Society of Natural History. In the new dis-
covery are six letters from John Abbott, of Georgia, some with
the water color drawings which made Abbott famous in ento-
mological history. These are soon to be reproduced in the
Journal of the New York Entomological Society. No men-
tion has been made so far of John Abbott, for he was not a
coleopterist, nor was he a scientist, even, in the ordinary ac-
ceptance of the word. Moreover he was a man of mystery.
It is not known whether he was English or Irish. He went to
Georgia to become the private tutor of a Jad of a wealthy fam-
ily. While there, he observed closely and drew beautifully a
large number of lepidoptera and plants. Of their generic or
specific determination he knew little. A large number of de-
scriptions were sent to England and were worked up by J. F.
Smith. A work, published in their joint names is still famous,
dated 1797. John Francillon, the Strand goldsmith, knew
Abbott and bought the beetles of his catch, but Francillon kept
his secret, just as nowadays collectors are not disposed to tell
where their uniques can be duplicated. At the Francillon sale
these very Abbott beetles were bought by Kirby, out of
months of savings.
Abbott must have been an old man at the time of the Harris
correspondence, since his great work was published in 1797.
He quoted prices to Harris, $6 per hundred for insects collected
and $1.00 for each 16 water color drawings such as those as
appear in his book. He mentions that Major J. E. Leconte
had purchased about 3000 of these drawings. What has be-
come of them? At the price, the demand would be unlimited
today.
Anent the collections of those days, bisulphide of carbon
and chloroform were unknown, and infestation by Anthrenus
or Dermestes was a serious matter. Dr. Harris made a sheet
metal receptacle, which he connected with a steam pipe.
Boxes were put into it and the temperature raised to the point
where the pests were killed. This was the best that could be
done and collections were sent to the Doctor from far and near
118 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society __ Vol. VII
for preservation. One odd accident happened to the butterflies
of the Phladelphia man referred to above. For the ordinary
cork bottoms this collector had substituted a mixture of bees-
wax and similar substances. Imagine the result when the un-
witting master introduced the box into the heat chamber.
Nothing was recoverable from the molten mass.
A Naturalist in British Guiana
By J. M. Geddes, Williamsport, Pa.
About two years ago when Mr. Geddes was a visitor at the Brooklyn
Entomological Society, he entertained us most charmingly with a talk on
various experiences in the Windward Islands and British Guiana, of
- eatching the Dynastes hercules at home in the Windwards, camp life up
country in British Guiana, the alleged blood sucking bats, ete. The
following paper was written to our friend, Dr. R. E. Kunze,.the veteran
collector at Prescott, Arizona. Any narrative of the travels of Mr.
Geddes reads like a story from wonderland. Hence it is reproduced
here without change, a careless impromptu letter to a friend.
The average collector of butterflies who buys from the various dealers
lots of showy, tropical flies, knows too little of the hazards incurred by
the collectors of them. If he knew more he would place a greater value
upon them.
Mr. Geddes writes to us direct: —“I have been working over and spread-
ing some of my Guiana specimens in the last few months, and I have
some fine things. I confined myself more particularly to the moths, and
only picked up the few butterflies which happened in my way. I have
thousands of specimens of the smaller moths of such genera as Adelo-
cephela, Anisota, Dirphia, etc., also some fine things in Citheronia, Hacles,
and allied genera. One of the items of particular interest was that in
looking over about 40 boxes of specimens containing ten or twelve thous-
and individuals, there were very few duplicates, the bunch containing
three or four thousand different species or varieties, and a very large
percentage of single specimens of one kind. Out of five or six hundred
specimens of Syntomidae and closely allied species, I have about one
hundred and ten different sorts. I constantly threw away big bunches of
what I knew to be commoner species, in order to make room for better
material. From time to time as the season advanced into April and May
it was very easy to collect a bunch every evening which I couldn’t take
care of the next day. It almost broke my heart to throw away perfect
specimens of Sphingidae and other fine things, but I could only carry
a limited amount of baggage and it was costly transportation. I saved a
weird and wonderful collection of freaks in the insect world. which
happened to drift in, but I mostly confined myself to the moths, and
believe me! JI sure got some. I have no idea when I will ever get this
material worked up, or how I will ever get it identified, but it will occupy
me for some time yet.”—Editor,
December, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 119
Bartica is at the junction of the Essequibo and Mazareni
Rivers, about 20 miles up from the mouth of the Essequibo
and some 60 or 70 miles from Georgetown, and is a small trad-
ing village, also the location of the penal settlement of the
colony. The country in that vicinity is very uninteresting as
compared with the wild country up the Essequibo, and the lat-
ter cannot be ascended from its mouth except for a very short
distance, as it is blocked to boat navigation by a long series of
cataracts, for 10 or 15 miles. Everyone going up country goes
up the Demerara River to a station called Wismar and then
crosses to the Essequibo, a distance of 19 miles, and strikes the
river above the rapids, and the stream is then navigable for
about 100 miles up before the next rapids are reached.
The climate in this region is not good. All of the Northern
coast of South America is low for many miles inland, excepting
a few not very extensive stretches of country, until you reach
the ranges which encroach on the coast adjacent to the Andean
range. The Guianas, Dutch, French and British, are nothing
but large swamps from the ocean back for 100 to 150 miles.
Of course there are isolated stretches of high land, but not
“hills”, only small areas scattered miles apart that reach more
than 40 or 50 feet above sea level. I never saw a respectable
mountain in British Guiana until I got 300 miles from the
coast. You can travel those rivers for day after day and the
shores are the same always, never rising, just one big jungle.
Malarial fever is very prevalent in all this region and some
very bad forms of it. It is present always, at all seasons, but
is worst, of course, during the rainy spells. The temperature
does not vary much, about 70° in the dry and 80° to 85° in the
“summer” season, but the humidity is very great, and up
country the wet season is very enervating. I had a couple of
bad spells of fever when I was up in the “‘Bush” but I got over
them. Once for a week I was afraid I was going to “cash in,”
temperature 106° one night following a very severe congestive
chill lasting about 4 hours. I lived on quinine, 10 grains to the
dose every hour for ten hours, and took at least 40 grains a day
for a couple of weeks after and then never less than 15 grains
daily for two months. I took nearly 3000 grains of quinine
during the year I spent in the West Indies and South America,
and I still have the malaria bugs in my blood, as it crops out
120 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
every now and then still if I don’t hit the quinine every three
or four weeks. No white man escapes malaria in some form
or other, who stays any length of time in the tropics, and this
region has not a good reputation. The Anopheles mosquito,
the carrier of the disease, is very plentiful and found every-
where. Some of the forms of malaria as found up country are
very malignant and the locally prevalent “black water fever”
will often kill in from 10 to 24 hours after first attack. Even
the mild form gives you a very unpleasant time. I know!
The City of Georgetown is built on land lying below, or
mostly below, sea level and is protected by huge sea walls or
dykes, built by the Dutch more than 100 years ago before the
- British occupation. It is drained by canals which intersect the
vity in all directions and empty into the sea at low tide. At
high tide the mouths of these canals are closed by gates, or the
town would be flooded at every high tide. This coast is all so
low that when you approach from the sea, you don’t get a sight
of land until you are only 12 miles from the port of George-
town, and a steamer drawing over 18 feet of water has to
unload part of her cargo 10 miles out, at the lightship.
Barring the ever present malaria, I was very much struck
with this region. I saw some magnificent country in the
interior. It is one vast jungle, untouched by man except in
isolated spots, and only inhabited by the wild animals and a
few Indians. It was great collecting, I brought back over
75,000 specimens, many fine things among them, including a
couple of hundred new species. The most of the specimens
are moths, as that was what I was mainly after, and I didn’t
bother much with butterflies, except to pick them up as I hap-
pened:on them. I got a magnificent bunch of different species
of Ceratocampidae, some gorgeous specimens of things I never
knew existed before and a lot of rarities. I took in a big outfit
with me, including a big automobile headlight and calcium car-
bide light, and believe me! the greatest crowd of “bugs” I ever
saw at an arc light in temperate regions wasn’t a drop in the
bucket compared with the legions and vast hordes of insects
that I witnessed congregated around this one light in the jun-
gle. Asan example, take a single night in April when I used
this big light on a little knoll in a clearing I made on the river
bank. Theriver (Potaro) was about a half mile wide. The
December, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 121
aggregation around that light after it had been running for
about an hour was something marvelous to see. The cloud of
insects was so thick right around the light that it was a matter
of rushing in and picking out a couple of specimens which had
lighted on the sheet (the light was backed by a 20 by 12 foot
canvas sheet) and then backing off for 50 feet and cleaning the
small insects out of eyes, nose and mouth. It was simply won-
derful to see the bunch of stuff that came to that light. Not
only were moths attracted, but flies, dragonflies, butterflies,
wasps, bees, and every order of insect on the list. Bats and
small birds also came. I never had such collecting before and I
didn’t think there were so many bugs in the world. Another
remarkable thing brought to my notice was the fact that there
were no large numbers of any one species, but the crowds were
made up of hundreds and thousands of different species. Of
course, I picked out the fine things as I could only take care of
a limited number. I picked out a couple of sample boxes of
strange and curious and grotesque insects of various orders,
and some of the things I got were strange and wonderful to be-
hold, some of the giant forms of the Mantidze and Phasmidz
are most peculiar looking creations! I couldn’t begin to tell you
all the great experiences, and wonderful things I saw in this
marvelous country, but the trip was one that I will never regret
and I expect in the next few years to visit South America
again. I also saw one of the greatest waterfalls in the world,
the great Kaieteur Falls of the Potaro River. It was a hard
trip to get there. I had to go light as I could only get over the
last 40 miles by moving without any collecting outfit or any-
thing except just enough provisions to see me through. Very
few white men have ever seen this big waterfall, only five prior
to myself, I believe, and it entails a very hard trip. I got two
Indians and a native canoe, or “woodskin’”’, and started. It took
us four days to cover the 40 miles as it was in bad rapids. It
was well worth seeing, and I’ll never forget as long as I live the
first sight I got of this magnificent waterfall. It is 821 feet
sheer drop from the plateau into a narrow gorge surrounded by
giant forests and buried in this great tropical wilderness. It
was the most majestic work of nature I have ever looked at.
Niagara does not compare with it for grandeur and beauty.
122 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society _ Vol. VIII
On Scarites subterraneus Fabr. and varieties
By. Chas. Schaeffer, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Only one of the number of names proposed from time to
time at the expense of Scarites subterraneus Fab. is recognized
in our list, but judging from my material two more ought to be
accepted. One of these, californicus Lec. is rather feebly dif-
ferentiated trom subterraneus Fab. but as it seems to be con-
fined principally to the southwest, it ought to be recognized.
The few specimens which I have seen are from Texas, Arizona,
Southern California and Mexico, which, when placed alongside
of specimens from the northeast certainly differ enough. The
other, Sc. lissopterus, was described by Chaudoir from Dallas,
Texas, as a variety of his quadriceps (substriatus Hald.). This
variety appears to be known only from Texas and looks quite
distinct by its perfectly flat, shining elytral intervals and finely
punctured and scarcely impressed striz.
The outer antennal joints in swbstriatus and var. lissopterus
are relatively more elongated than those of subterraneus and
this together with the much larger size, almost entitles swb-
striatus to specific standing, therefore, if two more forms are
admitted, the true relationship of all is better shown by placing .
substriatus as a subspecies of subterraneus and lissopterus as a
variety of the former. Including the new addition men-
tioned below our species and varieties stand thus:
Scarites subterraneus Fab.
var. californicus Lec.
subsp. substriatus Hald.
var. lissopterus Chaud.
Scarites alternans Chaud.
Scarites subterraneus Fab. Mant. Ins. I. p. 206.
Our common, well known species is widely distributed occur-
ring from the Atlantic to Pacific but absent from the south-
west where it seems to be replaced by the var. californicus
Lec.
It is about 16-19 mm. long; the elytral striz are more or
less deeply impressed, except the seventh, and the intervals
rather convex; the tenth and the three or four preceding
antennal joints are transverse, hardly as long as wide and in
the majority of specimens the anterior tibize have laterally
December, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 123
only one small tooth above the second, though specimens
occur occasionally with two small teeth as in substriatus
Hald. A specimen from northern California, which otherwise
does not differ from typical swbterraneus Fab., has two small
teeth on one side and three on the other.
Scarites subterraneus var. californicus Lec.
Scarites californicus Lec. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. vol. V, p. 198.
Scarites tevanus Chaud., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. XXIII, 94.
Agrees with subterraneus Fab. in size, the transverse an-
tennal joints and number of teeth on anterior tibiz but has the
elytral strize feebly impressed and the intervals nearly flat. It
occurs in Texas, (Chaud.) Southern California, Arizona, Lower
California (Horn) and Mexico (Bates). I have seen speci-
mens from all of these localities except Lower California.
Scarites subterraneus subsp. substriatus Hald.
Scarites substriatus Hald. Proc. Acad. Phil. vol. II, p. 54.
Scarites quadriceps Chaud. Bull. Nat. Mosc. 1843, p. 729.
This is much larger in size than subterraneus Fab. about 20-
29 mm. long with the elytral strize generally less deeply im-
pressed and the intervals more or less convex, the antennal
joints not transverse, but rather elongate and in the majority
of specimens examined the anterior tibiz have two and some-
times three small teeth above the second one. A large speci-
men from Texas has, however, only one small tooth. It seems
to be fairly common in the Middle States.
Scarites subterraneus subsp. substriatus var.lissopterus Chaud.
Scarites quadriceps var. lissopterus Chaud. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique
XXIII, 93.
The size and form of the antennal joints are as in substriatus
Hald., but the elytral striz are finely punctured and scarcely
impressed and all the intervals are flat; the anterior tibize
have, in the few specimens before me, two small teeth above
the second one, though one specimen has three small teeth on
one side and two on the other. It seems to occur only in Texas.
Scarites alternans Chaud.
Scarites alternans Chaud. Bull. Nat. Mose. 18438, 727.
A specimen from Chokoloskee, Florida, in my collection
agrees with the description of this Cuban species. It is as
large as substriatus Hald. and differs principally from subter-
124 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
raneus and its different varieties by having all the elytral striz
exceedingly deeply impressed, including the seventh and all the
intervals are very convex; the elytra are slightly narrowed
toward base and the eyes are more prominent. In subter-
raneus and varieties the seventh elytral stria is rather feebly
impressed and the seventh elytral interval at most feebly
convex.
Proceedings of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
The regular monthly meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
was held at 55 Stuyvesant Ave., June 12, 1913, with 21 members present.
Notice has been sent to members, stating that, owing to the retirement
from business of the American Entomological Society and Mr. George
Franck, who has hospitably housed the Society for the past thirteen
years, there must be considered the question of a future home. A letter
from the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences was read, which offered
to the Society a permanent home in the Science Room of the Institute,
Academy of Music, or in the Central or Children’s Museums. It was
finally voted to hold the October meeting in the Children’s Museum, the
November meeting in the Science Room, and the December at the Central
Museum. This arrangement, it was thought would enable members to
learn their preferences. Meanwhile the Secretary was instructed to
express the thanks of the Society for the generous offer of the Institute.
A Committee was appointed to draw up resolutions of thanks to Mr.
George Franck, for his unceasing work in our behalf. During thirteen
years his place of business has been our home and he personally has never
missed a meeting. Beyond a doubt he has started more people on an
entomological career than any man in the world.
Mr. Pasch exhibited his devise for keeping pupz with a proper degree
of moisture, which has reduced mortality most successfully. The pupz
are kept in an ordinary box with wire net cover. They are laid on the
earth and covered lightly with moss. There is hung in the box a piece of ©
patented preparation of terra cotta, which has been adopted by the United
Cigar Stores for humidor lining. Each piece is about 18 by 6 by % inches
and is bound with zinc to prevent breakage. It absorbs water very
freely and gives it out by evaporation very steadily in differing tempera-
tures. Its cost is nominal.
Mr. Engelhardt exhibited a box of specimens of many orders collected
by M. H. Mead, of Passaic, and mounted by a method invented by the lat-
ter which has many advantages. A vertical pin is thrust through a small
cube of cork. A horizontal pin is elbowed at the large end and bent at
the point to enter the thorax of the specimen from beneath. By turning
the horizontal pin the specimen can be examined on both sides without
removal from the box. For storage many specimens can be put on one
vertical pin. There being more elasticity the danger of breakage from
December, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 125
jar is greatly reduced. Pairs taken in cop., etc., can readily be per-
manently placed together.
Mr. Mead has about 25,000 specimens of Lepidoptera, mostly collected
at light near his house. Of these about 12,000 are mounted. They con-
tain a number of species not recorded in the New Jersey list, which will
be recorded as fast as possible in the Bulletin.
The regular meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held
at the Children’s Museum October 16, with 14 members and three visitors
present.
The Treasurer reported cash on hand; $452.82 in Society accounts and
$55.88 in Bulletin account. A proposition to allow to dealers a commis-
sion on subscriptions to the Bulletin was voted down.
There being no program, each member was in turn asked about his
Summer’s collecting. Mr. Olsen showed fine drawings of plant lice galls.
Mr. Bather displayed 53 species of coleoptera taken by him on the
Wading River expedition. It included Ephalus latimanus, taken on the
beach, but the prize was a pair of Apantesis excelsa Neum., the male in
excellent condition. Dr. Forbes, who had been sugaring with Engelhardt
at Yaphank, showed series of rare moths. New to the Long Island
records were Glaea carinosa (second record) and tremula, and Rhynch-
agrotis placida. Mr. Weeks related encountering a Mutilla preying on
the larval cell of a wasp, with head so far buried in the cell that the
creature could not extricate it before the cell was removed and placed in
a collecting box. He also spoke of the voracity of some Carabide in con-
finement, eating all sorts of insects in all stages and tearing Lachnos-
terna adults in pieces. Mr. Grant showed some living Coptocycla from
Florida, emphasizing their readiness to change color. Mr. Pasch showed
a series of Eglanterina shastaensis which he had bred and of which he
had kept all data of larval stages. Mr, Nicolay showed about 100 species
of coleoptera, which included as Long Island records: Fornax orchesides,
Elater xanthomus, Clerus ichneumoneus, Acanthocinus obsoletus, Pachy-
lobius picivorus; and as rareties: Alaus myops from Albany, Lomechusa
cava from Unadilla, Geotrupes hornii from Belport, L. I., Sandalus niger
from the New Jersey Palisades, and Strategus antaeus from L. I. Mr.
Dow mentioned the colony of Pieris protodice at Flatlands, L. I., as con-
tinuing numerically strong and finding Catopsilia eubule the commonest
butterfly at Bayshore in September.
Mr. Wm. T. Davis gave an account of the Society’s field excursion to
Wading River over Decoration Day, showing photographs and exhibiting
the following specimens: Cleonus calandroides, Cremastochilus harrisi,
Nicagus obscurus, all found on the upbeach in some numbers, particularly
the last two. Meloe americanus found walking across a road while on its
back was perched the Anthicid beetle Corphyra collaris. Eritettix
carinatus Seudd., a colony was found on a hill. The only other Long
Island record is a ? collected at Yaphank, May 28, 1911. Tridactylus
126 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII
terminalis Uhler. A number of these small and active crickets were
found on the damp, sandy shore of Deep Pond May 31. Atta septen-
trionalis McCook. Found on a sandy hill. A full report to be presented
later.
The Butterily Farmer
A monthly magazine for amateur Entomolo-
gists. A comprehensive correspondence
course in Entomology, conducted under the
auspices of the Agassiz Association, will be a
leading feature during the present year. Sub-
scription $5.00 per annum, single copies 50
cents. Names of dealers and purchasers and
wants of subscribers advertised without
charge.
Ximena McGlashan.
Publisher and Proprietor,
Truckee, California.
NEW JERSEY ENTOMOLOGIGAL COMPANY
HERMAN H. BREHME, Manager
Dealers in Insects of all Orders. Lepidoptera, Cocoons and Pupae.
Life Histories. Cocoons and Pupae bought. Entomological Supplies, Insect
Fins, Cork, Riker Specimen Mounts, Nets, Spreading Boards, Boxes, etc.
74 THIRTEENTH AVENUE, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY
OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA
WANTED.—Pupz of Papilio ajax and rutulus. Ward’s Natural
Science Establishment, 84 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
All kinds of Chrysalids, Cocoons, and Pupz wanted in exchange for
North American lepidoptera. Address: Herman H. Brehme, 74 Thir-
teenth Avenue, Newark, N. J.
Members of the Society and their friends are informed that the Sec-
retary keeps for their benefit a mileage book of the Long Island R. R.
December, 1913 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 127
CONTENTS OF VOLUME VIII
ALEXANDER, CHAS. P.
mee Lropicd| American) RMIPIGI@, .. icc. . 6. svs.ace wine du cictee steel cies 6
BREHME, H. H.
Butterflies and Other Insects Noticed at Barnegat Pier.......... 75
BEUTENMULLER, WM.
North American Acorn Galls with Description of New Species. ..101
COMSTOCK, WM. P.
A New North American Butterfly in the Family Lycenide........ 33
DAVIS, WM. T.
AeNew, Gicada trom ‘Plummer’s Islands Mids... 2. ci. << ce os access sic 2
Dragon Flies of Genus Celithemis Found on Long Island........50 °
A Plague of Carolina Grasshoppers at Long Beach, L. I........... 50
Williamsonia, a New Genus of Dragon Flies from North America. .93
menew Lygurctia trom: Florida. j'i\ sie swc ser SRG os acs ae eee oe 59
DOW, R. P.
PURVIS ILM MVATTW ARC LCUNMELOss 3) c stea's wes aichdoc nce eid olathe Slum eictel al sieiaetemOe
The Makers of Coleopterous Species..................225- a7, 51
iemVerktand: Limes OL Dr. Harris)\k2). 2. fsiseaere aie cu eers lone ale eters 106
She nector of Garham and His Times)... ..s..'ces see ses ee bs cee 68
marccorivew Coleoptera from California, :. 5s)... sisc-selse e000 eee TL
SLES OIE Ry eri tens een ak sal ew bie ie biecetn etna mare a inca konte 18, 28
FRANCK, GEORGE
PEW CA DEYIALION (OF LSIMCTULCHEG 01. oa\sloe «ca. viviw'cls wrsle sis ee eelne oe 49
Am vanderine Collector si Narrativel.ce sce sis ci 4 06 ewes oo ole stele 62
PREV EP:
Pamerorinckory Lent Nidge Galle.) 2 ic. seas oes 6-0 aus 0.05 sltehe wie 98
GRAEF, ED. L.
oH Oia — 2) SEREGROSP ECU. «1 s/aleleva) vis!’ ix) cv afe) see «6: of! pois e's shat bielecele/slerenere 1
Osteen RECORDS &... 000i balasc as bs 29. 36,55, 61, 67, (6; 78,°99
GEDDES, J. M.
eM Up 1 AT ees TEU US He Gr ULAT Drei) o)het ates ni sr aisi'e’ siays mils) ©, 2:8) ayes jelellotinis oie ie 118
OLSEN, CHRIS. E.
POMP Me MMIES yO (ave lami by luO USO sia) a trctcleyslci wieneie i oje(s) sle/aalel esate eves eielele 41
BEN TIC ANGUS ce Ye afaia lela! Ae gone a aiewaioie 48 8 (ars aime ioree wise 48
PPM LOL GUS) CATINVIAN cient. /s.0 sie sm ievnis org. aisi6) eis eye's aielw ie niece mais 54
On the Indurance of ‘Cimex lectularius. . 6.00 cess civ nveseanene 24
PEARSALL, RICHARD F.
BeOE bp Weldtes 1 \GEOMIGLIIGD «nic o/s 5, 3! sa a a5ajeleis! oie eee sau Wie a alee inieler 57
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
LHL RS OND A ee 8, 19;. 32, 42.55, “78, 1005, 124
SCHAEFFER, CHAS.
On Metachroma laterale, pallidum and laevicolle............24. 25
GNOME SCCICS. OF EF CACO oa cs aiais 15a @ sen in 08, 95Bbe guid aly hie. 8A eel iets 26
On Scarites subterraneus Fabr. and Varieties..............0065 122
’TORRE-BUENO, J. R. de la
Peeurinds Derormity IN BUR... cco os ctwicnees sisieais eee eee sices 47
OTM NOTICTICLALUG tet tars aiais otinicrevo.nwlareloiece niaveleiaiel cles elel sla eiecetuievcicverete 96
A
eat ab Be
“Four "Additions to our Local List of Rhopelocea.
i “Mt. APATOW AN Niu lols <.ciciale oak, ciple'al diocese ye oon ie eel ree
io ear F. M.
25 Bid 3 are out of print and will be bought at $1.25 each. Vaiss 4 to
or sale at, Be a aodn Gan err . 1.25
PAPILIO, edited by Harry mimes, Vols. 1 and 4 auch o saievecatel aia + ae
i
Vols. 2 and 3 wanted
Oi ciiuzs » are held 3 on the second Thurs after the first
Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive. The
annual dues are $2.00.
OFFICERS, 19138
ae President
NG gees WILLIAM T. DAVIS
ay a te Vice-President
apes W. T. BATHER -
Recording and Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
Treasurer
C. E. OLSEN
Librarian
S. C. WHEAT
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
Dileuets to Council of New York Academy of Sciences
. CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society
Published in
October, December, February, April and June of each year.
ag Subscription price, $1.00 per year in advance; Single
ip" copies 25 cents; to members of the Brooklyn Entomological
Society the subscription price is 50 cents, single copies 15 cents.
Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and
observations of interest to entomologists are solicited. Au-
thors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of pub-
cation. Address subscriptions and all communications to
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society,
Central Museum, Eastern Parkway,
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Ren, RSS 2
a ou
® . %
THE KNY-SCHEERER CO., 4
Department of Natural Science
G. LAGAI, Ph.D. aa pes
404-410 West 27th Street . New York City, N. Y.
ah
~™
Pt Oe ae en
ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS
P
North American and exotic insects of all orders. ;
in perfect condition.. Single specimens and
collections illustrating mimicry, protective — F
coloration, dimorphism, collections of repre- 4
. sentatives of the different orders of insects, etc.
”
Series of specimens illustrating insect life, color
variation, etc. Metamorphoses of insects.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES
Collecting Utensils.
Breeding Apparatus and Cages
for Living Animals.
Preparing and Preserving Uten-
sils.
Cabinets, Insect Cases and Lining
Material.
Magnifiers.
Botanists’ Supplies.
Explorers’ and Collectors’ Camp
Outfits.
Miscellaneous Naturalists’ Sup-
plies.
Oologists’ Supplies.
Aquaria.
Books and Publications.
Se
AME KUY -8CHEERER CON.Y,
Tlusteted Catalogues of Biological Suppites and Entomo-
logical Supplies sent free on application.
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY
NEW SERIES
Vol. IX 1914
V
233205
EDITED (IN SUCCESSION) BY
F. G. SCHAUPP JOHN B. SMITH GEO. H. HULST
CHAS. LOUIS POLLARD R. P. DOW
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
Chairman
J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW,
Advertising Manager Editor
LANCASTER, PA.
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vou 1X
INDEX OF PLANTS AND INSECTS.
Mentioned in vol. IX. New forms marked *.
Acanthia signoretti, 107
Acanthophora grefia, 56
Achillas *bicaudatus, 80, 81, 92
Acritus acaroides, 102
Actobius sobrinus, 102
Adelphocoris rapidus, 93
Aigialites fuchsiu, 72
Ztletes politus, 102
Zischna eremita, 60
Agia eporata, 45
vernata, 45
viridata, 44
Agonoderus pallipes, 103
partiarius, 103
Agonosoma flavolineatum, 92
trilineatum, 93
Aleochara bimacula, 102
brachypterus, 102
pleuralis, 102
Alsophila pometaria, 23
Altica = Haltica, 9
Alydus conspersus, 108
eurinus, 42
pallescens, 93
pilosulus, 42
Alyssum maritimum, 77
Amara angustata, 103
rubrica, 44
Amblychila baroni, 71
Amnestus spinifrons, 43
pusillus, 93
Anasa armigera, 43
Anaspis, 9
flavipennis, 29
nigra, 290
rufa, 29
Anax longipes, 34
Anisodactylus harrisi, 103
Annemoria graefiaria, 56
Anthicus cervinus, 103
floralis, 103
Anthrenus, 9
Anthribus, 9
Anthrobium pallidulum, 102
Apantesis figurata, 43
Aphiocheta aletie, 57
aristalis,* 57
carlynensis, 60
ciliata, 50
halictorum, 57
inornata, 58
nasont,* 58
plebeia,* 59
subciliata, 59
winnemanna, 60
Aphodius hemorrhoidalis, 107
Apiomerus geniculatus, 92
Apocellus sphericollis, 102
Aradus uniformis, 27
Archimerus calcarator, 42
Arctia caia, 107
Arctocorisa alternata, 94
expleta, 94
Argyrocoris scurrilis, 93
Arocera apta, 91
Arrhipis lanieri, 41
Atenius gracilis, 103
Atheta dentata, 102
dichroa, 102
palustris, 102
sordida, 102
Atlanticus dorsalis, 105
monticola,* 103
pachymerus, 104
Atomaria gonodera, 102
epphipiata, 102
ovalis, 102
Attagenius piceus, 102
Attelabus, 8, 9
Atymus castanea, 107
Augocoris gomesti var. @neonigra,
OI
Autographa biloba, 108
oxygramma, 13
verruca, 13
Banasa lenticularis, 92
sordida, 107
Basilarchia archippus, 108
astyanax, 27
proserpina, 27
Belonuchus formosus, 103
Belostoma (= Lethocerus), 94
flumineum, 42
Bembidium versicolor, 103
Benacus griséus, 94
Blissus leucopterus, 93
Bombyx mori, 50
Bostrichus, 9
Boyeria vinosa, 60
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
Bradycellus rupestris, 103
Brephos infans, 108
Bruchus, 9
Buprestis, 9
Byrrhus, 9
Callimiris tarsalis, 93
Calocampa cineritia, 108
Calocoris rapidus, 42
Calopistria floridensis, 63
Calosoma frigidum, 23, 26
willcoxt, 23, 26
Calymmnia orina, 108
Cantharis, 9
cooperi, 70
Carabus chamissonis, 98
vietinghovu, 98
Caripeta grefiaria, 56
Carpophilus antiquus, 102
antiquus, 102
corticinus, 102
hemipterus, 102
nitens, 102
Carthartus advena, 102
Cassida, 9
Catocala herodias, 108
micronympha, 44
minuta, 106
phalanga, 108
relicta, 51, 108
whitneyt, 70
Catorama bibliothecarum, 97
Cebrio undulatus, 11
Celithemis monomelena, 43
Centriopteron, 64
Centrodera picta, 44
Ceraleptus americanus, 43
Cerambyx, 9
Ceratographis biguttata, 44
Cercyon lateralis, 27
lugubris, 102
naviculare, 102
pretextum, 102
pubescens, 102
pygmeus, 102
Cerocoma, 9
Chauliodes, 15
pectinicornis, 62
Chlenius, 44
purpuricolllis, 109
Chlorion ichnewmoneum, 105
Choragus zimmermanni, 108
Chrysomela, 9
Chrysopa chi, 61
harrisi, 61
lineaticorne, 61
rubicunda,* 19, 26
stichoptera,* 61
stenostigma,* 61
Chytonix sensilis, 26
Cicindela, 9
abdominalis, 64
consentanea, 64
gabbu, 70
hirticollis, 107
marginata, 65
nigrita, 64
purpurea, 27
repanda, 65
unipunctata, 64
Cistela, 9
Cladara atroliturata, 45
Clerus, 9
Climaciella brunea, 61
Cnemodus mavortius, 93
Coccinella, 9
transversoguttata, 109
Colastus semitectus, 102
Colensonia canadensis, 26
Colias eurytheme, 84
harfordi, 73
philodice, 84
Connophron elongatum, 102
Conwentzia angulata,* 16
axillata,* 17
Copris, 9
Corixa pygmea, 94
Spp., 94
Corymbites brewert, 70
fraternus, 23
jouteli (syn.), 23
protractus, 23
Cratacanthus dubius, 103
Crioceris, 9
Cryptocephalus, 9
Cryptoleon, 13
abdominalis?, 15
nebulosus, 14
Cryptopleurum vagans, 103
Cucujus, 9
Cychrus elevatus, 65, 106, 107, 108
Cymus discors, 108
Cyrtolobus tuberosus, 107
Cyrtomenus vestigiatus, 93
Daraxa nigripes, 92
Dermestes, 8, 108, 109
Diacrisia virginica, 62
Dialytes truncatus, 108
Diaperis, 9
Dichromorpha brunnea, 109
Dinapate wrightu, 71
Diphthera grefii, 52
Donacia, 74
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
Drasterius elegans, 103
Dyschirius globulosus, 101
Dysdercus andree, 93
obscuratus, 93
Dytiscus, 9
Echtrichodia cruciata, 43
Elater, 8
sayl, 65
Eleodes suturalis texanus, 64
Empicoris histrio, 91
Emesopsis nubilus, 93
Ennomos subsignaria, 50
Episternus apicalis, 102
Epitrix, 41
Eratyrus mucronatus, Ot
Ercomus ventriculus, 102
Erebus odora, 43
Eremocoris ferus, 27
Eucymatoge grefi, 56
Eurylochus,* 82
bellator,* 83, 92
Euschistus variolarius, 27
euschistoides, 92
fissilis, 92
SerUUS, G2
Evarthrus sodalis, 102
Falagria dissecta, 102
Fulvius atratus, 93
Galeatus, peckhami, 108
Galleruca, 9
Geocoris ater, 42
bullatus, 108
Gerris thoracicus, 93
tristan, 93
Glea carinosa, 26
Glossonotus acuminatus, 107
univittatus, 107
Gordius, 44
Grefia smithi, 56
Graphiphora subterminata, 108
Gypsochroa designata, 76, 78
emendata,* 78
gynandrata, 79
Gyrinus, 9
Hammaticherus mexicanus, 43
Harmostes procerus, 93
Harpalus mitidulus, 102
pennsylvanicus, 102
Fleliria scalaris, 107
Hemerobius, 2
stigmaterus, 61
Heniartes flavicans, 92
Heraeus plebejus, 93
Hesperoleon abdominalis, 60
Heterothops pusio, 103
Heza sericans, 92
Hister, 9
americana, 102
immunis, 24
Homaleum repandum, 102
Hydria undulata, 79
Hydriomena intermediata, 77
salvata, 77
Hydrophilus, 9
Hypselonotus fulvus, 92
Ilnacora stalii. 93
Ilyocoris cimicoides, 93
Ips fasciata, 102
Lachnosterna, 57
fusca, 27
Lampyris, 9
Lamus geniculatus, 92
Largus succinctus, 43
Lathrobiella ambigua, 103
Lathrolepta debilis, 102
Leogorrus litura, 92
Lemonias whitneyi, 70
Leptura, 9
abdominalis, 43
emarginata, 65
Lethocerus, 90
americanus, 42, 94
annulipes, 94
collosicus, 94
deyrolli, 94
niloticus, 04
obscurus, 94
uhleri, o4
Leucania unipuncta, 108
Leucaspis affinis, 44
Libythea bachmanni, 106
Lispinus linearis, 103
Litargus didesmus, 102
balteatus, 102
Lithocharis ochracea, 103
Lobophora, 45
Lomamyia nearctica,* 18, 26
texana, 18
Lowa flavicollis, 91
Luperus, 9
Lygeus albulus, 107
bicrucis, 26, 108
circumlitus, 91
turcicus, 108
Lygus invitus, 91
pratensis, 91
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
Malacomyza fitchi, 19
ventralis,* 19, 26
Malva parviflora, 63
Manicocoris rufipes, 92
Mantis religiosa, 26
Mastega,* 13
texanus,* 14
Megachile, 44
Melanolestes abdominalis, 43
picipes, 43, 93
Melanophthalma americana, 103
distinguenda, 103
Melicleptria grefiana, 56
Melitea chalcedon, 68
Meloe, 9
Melolontha, 9
Melucha lineatella, 92
Meronera venustula, 102
Micromus, 15
nesoticus,* 16
subanticus, 16
posticus, 61
variolosus, 15, 16
Micronecta dione, 94
lucina, 94
minthe, 04
striata, 94
Microvelia repentina, 93
Mineus strigipes, 42
Miris dolobratus, 91
Monocrepidius bellus, 102
Monotoma fulvipes, 102
Mordella, 9
borealis, 30
discoidea, 30
lunulata, 30
marginata, 30
melena, 30
octopunctata, 30
scutellaris, 30
serval, 30
triloba, 30
Mordellistena ancilla, 31
arida, 30
aspersa, 30
atriceps, 31
attenuata, 32
biplagiata, 30
bipustulata, 31
cinereofasciata, 32
comata, 31
discolor, 32
elegantulus, 30
fuscata, 31
grammica, 31
impatiens, 31
imdistincta, 31
intermixta, 31
lepidula, 30
limbalis, 30
liturata, 31
marginalis, 31
morula, 31
picilabris, 31
picipennis, 31
pityptera, 31
pubescens, 31
pustulata, 31
ruficeps, 31
scapularis, 31
schauppi, 31
Splendens, 31
tosta, 31
trifasciata, 30
vapida, 31
varians, 31
Mormidea ypsilon, 92
Myas cyanescens, 108
Mycetoporus americanus, 102
Mylabris, 9
Myodites luteipennis, 44
stylopides, 44
Myodocha serripes, 93
Narvesus carolinensis, 94
Necrobia ruficollis, 39
Necydalis, 9
Nematopus indus, 92
Neodine macraspis, 91
Neoninus illustris, 93
Notiophilus semistriatus, 101
Notonecta insulata, 42
irrorata, 43
Spp., 94
undulata, 42, 43
variabilis, 94
Notoxus, 9
Nyctobia anguilineata, 23, 44
fusifasciata, 44
limitaria, 23, 44
lobophorata, 44
longipennis, 44
nigroangulata, 23, 44
reiffi, 44
Nymphula obliteralis, 26
Nypius inaequalis, 93
providus, 93
simulans, 93
Olibrus nitidus, 102
Oligota pedalis, 102
Omalisus, 9
Omosita colon, 102
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
‘
Omus, 76
audouini, 39
Oncerotrachelus acuminatus, 93
Oncideres cingulatus, 108
Oncopeltus varicolor, 92
Onthophagus cribicollis, 108
hecate, 103
Orthosia aurantiago, 26
luteosa, 54
Orthostira n. sp., 108
Orthotylus flavosparsus, 91
Oxycnemus histrina, 102
Oxytelus exiguus, 103
insignitus, 103
placusinus, 103
Ozophora picturata, 93
Pachnobia fishii, 108
Pachygrontha edancalodes, 93
Pamera basalis, 93
bimaculata, 93
bilobata, 91
Pamphila phileus, 13
Panageus fasciatus, 107
Pangaeus bilineatus, 43
Papaipema astuta, 26
cerina, 26, 108
duovata, 26
duplicata, 26
frigida, 26
lysmachia, 26
sciata, 26
Papilio calverleyi, 51
Parandra brunnea, 103
Pasimachus depressus, 108
Passalus, 98, 101
cornutus, 93, IOI
Pedinocoris macronyx, 94
Pelecinus polyturator, 44
Peltis, 9
Pentatoma persimilis, 108
Perilloides exaptus, 43, 108
Petrophora fluctuata, 21
fossaria, 21
iduata, 21
planata, 21
pontiaria, 21
Philonthus ?*, 27
atratus?, 43
brunneus, 102
cephalotes, 102
*, = cruentatus, 43
discoideus, 102
hepaticus, 102
micans, 102
nigritulus, 102
Phlegethontius cingulata, 108
Photinus pyralis, 102
Phymatodes infuscatus, 44
Phytocoris cuneatus, 93
desertorum, 93
eximius, 93
Phytonomus punctatus, 103
Pieris olerace@, 52
protodice, 13
Pilopius lacustris, 102
Pityobius anguinus, 108
Plagiognathus fuscosus, 91
Platycerus, 9
Platysamia cynthia, 49, 50
Platystethus americanus, 103
Pleurophorus caesius, 93
Pleogaster mammosus, 92
Ploiariola errabunda, 93
Plusiotis, 74
Pnirontis, 79
Podisus maculiventris, 27
Pecilocapsus lineatus, 42
Peciloscytus basalis, 91
Polychrysia formosa, 13, 63
Polystechotes punctatus, 1
vittatus, I
Pomphopea e@enea, 44
Prionixystus robinie, 108
Prionus, 9
Prolobodes giganteus, 92
Psallus politus, 93
Pseudoxenetus scutellatus, 91
Pterostichus permundus, I01
Ptilinus, 9
Ptinidium evanescens, 102
Pygolamapis pectoralis, 93
Pyrametis atalanta, 108
Pyrameis cardui, 63
huntera, 108
Pyrochroa, 9
Quedius fulgidus, 93, 102
Ranatra, 90
Rasahus hamatus, 93
sulcicollis, 92, 93
Reduviolus subcoleoptratus, 108
ferus, 93
kirkaldi, 44
linearis, 93
Sp., 93
Reduvius personatus, 91, 94
Rhinomacer, 9
Rhodites bicolor, 90
californicus,* 88
fulgens, 87
fusiformans, 88
gracilis, 87
ignota, 90
mayeri, 87
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
nebulosus, 90
nodulosus, 88
pustulatoides,* 89
rosae, 80
verna, 88
Rosa blanda, 87
humilis, 88
lucida, 87
rugosa, 87
wild sp., 89
Rutuba,* 79
perpugnax,* 80, 92
Salyavata variegata, 92
Samia cecropia ab., 44
Sanninoidea grefi, 56
Sastrapada baerensprungt, 93
Scarabeus, 8
Scarites subterraneus, 103
Scolytus, 9
Scopelosoma grefiana, 53
Scydmenus marie, 72
Scymnus intrusus, 102
Sehirus cinctus, 108
Sericoderus subtilis, 102
flavidus, 102
Siagonum americanum, 103
Sialis infumata, 62
Silpha, 9
Simulium invenustum, 64
venustum, 04
Sirthenea stria, 92, 93
Sisyra lampra,* 60
Sitones hispidulus, 103
Solidago sempervirens, 26
Spartina, 31
Spheridium scarabaeroides, 107
Sphragisticus nebulosus, 108
Spiniger nigripennis, 92
Staphylinus, 9
Stelidota strigosa, 102
Stenolophus conjunctus, 103
ochropezus, 103
rotundatus, 103
Stenus alacer, 103
subtilis, 103
Stenopoda culiciformis, 93
Stilichus angularis, 103
biarmatus, 103
Sunius binotatus, 102
discopunctatus, 102
Sympherobius, 15
angustus, 15
buenoi,* 20, 26
tristis,* 15
umbratus, 20
Symphylus deplanatus, 93
Tachyporus brunneus, 102
chrysomelinus, 102
elegans, 102
JOCOSUS, IO2
Teniocampa alia, 57
Telamona unicolor, 107
querct, 107
Telephanus velox, 102
Tenebrio, 9
Tetracha virginica, 64
Tetyra bipunctata, 93
Thaneroclerus sanguineus, 108
Thaumastomiris piceatus, 94
Thecla acadica, 32
borus, 32
californica, 32
CYGNUS, 32
dryope, 32
itys, 32
putnam, 32
souhegan, 32
sylvinus, 32
Throscus constrictor, 103
Thyanta custator, 92
perditor, 92
rugulosa, 92
Thyreocoris unicolor, 108
Tomarus pulchellus, 102
Tomoderus constrictus, 102
Tomoxia bidentata, 30
inclusa, 30
lineella, 30
Tortricidea grefi, 56
Trechus chalybeus, 108
Trichiusa atra, 102
Trichopteryx merens, 102
glabricollis, 102
Trichoxyx hartwegii, 69
Trigonotylus brevipes, 9%
confusus, 91
Tritoma, 9
Trox, 74, 109
punctatus, 64
scutellaris, 64
Trupheoneura varipes, 56
Typhea fumata, 102
Tythonyx erythocephalus, 109
Vanessa antiopa ab., 44
Veronica virginica, 26
Veseris, 82
Xantholinus pusillus, 103
Xylorictes satyrus, 108
Zerene eurydice, 68
helena, 68
lorquini, 68
wosnesenski, 68
“VoIX =——S*FEBRUARY, 1914 —™sé«Nww
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
- | SOCIETY .
NEW SERIES
_ PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER, |
Chairman |
J. R. dela TORRE-BUENO, | ROBERT P. DOW
| Advertising Manager a . Editor
a gts iy | : nie - Published by the Society
Price, 25 cents Aas i : Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
Ward’s Natural Science Establishment
84-102 COLLEGE AVENUE, :: :: ROCHESTER, N. Y.
We take pleasure in announcing to the reader of the
Bulletin that we have recently purchased the entire stock
in trade of the American Entomological Co., of Brooklyn
and respectfully solicit your patronage.
Our stock of Lepidoptera is the largest in the world.
We assemble here collections of all kinds, among
which we mention LIFE HISTORIES of ECONOMIC
INSECTS, collections showing MIMICRY AND PRO-
TECTIVE COLORATION as well as large and small
SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS.
We shall continue to manufacture the ONLY GEN-
UINE HAND MADE SCHMITT INSECT BOX
and the well known AMERICAN ENTOMOLOG-
ICAL CO’S. INSECT PINS.
Our stock of Laboratory Very for Dissection is
very large and complete.
If you are interested in Entomology and wish to
receive our special lists as they are published, send us your
~ name for our mailing list.
Our Price List of Entomological Baaeee will be —
_ mailed free upon request.
Our Catalogue of Insects (Price 565 4 Coeaine lists
and prices of Lepidoptera, oc Collections and Labora-
tory Material. !
We are also Acti as distributors for Dr. John B.
Smith’s Explanation of Entomological Terms, Price $2.00.
A necessity to every Entomologist.
Ward's eNetae! Science Establishment
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X. Pll
5 4
WELCH — POLYSTOECHOTES PUNCTATUS
Poet ERE
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Vor. [X FEBRUARY, 1914 No. 1
CONTENTS
CREM hOLh CLO ur ome UINeTARWS;, Welcht.......:v-.-.ce-daesccssessencsssse 1
RI eek Nha GO HOP TE RUST S, WOW..0.cvssss.sscaseseosepesesctocesdaseoss 6
NP NAP NE eG) Terre Aue Om o1nOS ;NAVASH c.-s6-cesccs2-ccsesyectcacsedecsecoreescosseses 13
MATINEE HNN LE A co cache coset tse sins bi giuassgcdugcaes+osovevsssvenebessardece 13
SHORT STUDIES IN GEOMETRIDAE, Pearsall...............0..0+0 Regi catee PA
NGG aveNVEE TES OR OW RAC T Sits. acc sccoces tee consctscantnscsccdcnsatsts scevseccvse ULO
A OSO MEAS Ae VWiAUEING: RViE RED a wiSes. css, sas055-:<-s-bonsoeosedneveesessoosc 23
PVN IO NIE Nee ore CP IVE TN Lee eCy oie IRS, WELU DWN). oc sc ovesc ce e-ntokepac sans son sassscnssconssessncs 24
PROCEEDINGS BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY............ 26
The Early Stages of the Life History of
Polystoechotes Punctatus Fabr.,*
By Paut S. WELcH
Department of Entomology, Kansas State Agricultural College.
The genus Polystechotes contains the largest representatives
of the Hemerobiide. Thus far only two species have been re-
ported from North America, namely P. punctatus, Fabr. and P.
vittatus Say. The latter appears to have been reported only from
New Jersey and Pennsylvania, but the former is said (Banks,
05, p. 28) to occur ‘‘all over the northern half of our country and
extending southward in the mountains, as into North Carolina,
New Mexico and Arizona; more common in the northwest than
elsewhere.”’ P. punctatus is not only widely distributed but it
also occurs in some localities in great numbers during certain
parts of the summer, hence it seems strange that the immature
stages of this attractive insect should remain unknown so long.
The adult has been well known for many years, but information
concerning the life history has apparently been lacking. The
only account of this insect known to the writer which contains
any data at all on any of the stages of the life history is that of
Needham (’01, p. 551) in which the eggs are described as follows:
“T obtained some of the eggs in July by confining some of the
females of Polystcechotes in a pasteboard box. The eggs were
*Contribution from the University of Michigan Biological Station No. 16.
2%
2 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
a 8
dropped at random on the bottom of the box, where they rolled
loosely about. They were chalky white in color, oblong oval in
outline, with the surface minutely granular. Some were dropped
on water in a glass, where they floated high and dry; and the
next day were overgrown with molds. The others were left in
the box, and the box closed that more eggs might be obtained;
instead the females ate the eggs already laid, and then began to
devour one another. Thus I lost an excellent opportunity for
studying the earlier part of the life history of this interesting
insect.’”’
Some interesting speculation on the larva and its habits
appears in the literature. Hagen (’61, p. 206) wrote as follows:
“Larva perhaps aquatic’’; Needham gives the following sug-
gestion: ‘‘The character of the eggs, and the haunts of the
females lead me to suppose rather that the larva is terrestrial or
arboreal, as in Hemerobius;”” and Banks suggests the possibility
of this larva being a parasite on some aquatic insect.
During the summers of 1911, 1912, and 1913, while a member
of the staff of instruction of the University of Michigan Biological
Station, located on Douglas Lake, in the extreme northern part
of the southern peninsula of Michigan, the writer had an op-
portunity to make some observations on this interesting insect.
The adults of Polystechotes punctatus were very abundant
during late July and the whole of August of the above mentioned
years, and were sometimes attracted to light in great numbers.
The abundance of adults indicated that this insect must be
breeding in the immediate vicinity and the writer expended a
considerable amount of energy in trying to discover this breeding
place but all in vain. However, after a number of trials he was
fortunate enough to secure the early stages of the life history.
Lack of knowledge as to the food and food habits of the larva
made a completion of the work impossible, and this partial
account of the life history is offered with the hope that a descrip-
tion of the larva will help some one to recognize it in the field and
to determine its food habits, thus making it possible to rear
larvee to naturity.
The Egg. (Pl. 0, Fig. 4). Eggs were secured by confining a
number of females in a breeding cage. In most cases there was
difficulty in obtaining eggs since the females either failed to
February, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 3
deposit them in captivity or if eggs were deposited they suffered
the fate described by Needham. Those which were finally secured
were laid at night, and if this is the normal habit there is usually
ample opportunity for the eggs to be devoured in the breeding
cages before morning. The cannibalistic propensity of these
insects was very evident, and examination of the cages often
showed one or two large females and nothing but fragments of
wings and legs of the other individuals which were put into the
cage the night before. The same was likewise true of the cage
in which the writer finally secured a number of eggs, but by good
fortune the females evidently began devouring each other before
eating the eggs.
The eggs were laid singly and scattered irregularly about
on the glass bottom of the breeding cage. There was no evidence
that the females attempted to seal the eggs to the supporting
surface. No data was secured on the number of eggs deposited
by a single female. The eggs are ovoid, chalk-white, and very .
finely granular in surface view, agreeing with the description
given by Needham. This minutely granular appearance is not
at all distinct, but requires high magnification to make it apparent.
Measurements showed the eggs to be quite constant in size, the
length varying only from 0.92 to 0.94 mm. and the width from
0.46 to 0.54 mm. The outer egg membrane is smooth and free
from irregularities.
As the time of hatching approached the eggs changed color,
gradually assuming a greenish hue which ultimately developed
into a distinct green color a short time previous to the emergence
of the larve. Eggs which were deposited August Ist hatched
August 15th, thus making an egg period of fifteen days. All of
the eggs under observation developed at the same rate and all
hatched within a few hours of each other.
The Larva. (PI. 0, Fig. 1). As mentioned above, the failure
to discover the food and food habits of the larva made the study
of the later stages impossible and the following description per-
tains only to stage 1. .
The larva as a whole is somewhat brownish in appearace.
With the exception of the two black eye spots, the head is of a
dark yellowish color. The thorax is uniformly light brown, and
the legs are translucent. The abdomen is brown,.showing more
4 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
of the color than the thorax, and has a light stripe which extends
lengthwise on the mid dorsal surface. Newly hatched larve
varied from 1.32 to 1.5 mm. in length. They are elongate, some-
what flattened dorso-ventrally, and taper gradually caudad.
The maximum width of the body is near the middle of the head.
The three main divisions of the body are well marked.
The head, which is the most prominent part of the body, is
strongly chitinized and wider than the adjacent thoracic segment.
It is ovoid in outline, having a length of about 0.53 mm. from
the base to the tips of the mandibles and a maximum width in
the region of the bases of the mandibles of approximately 0.35
mm. A pair of black, irregularly shaped eye spots are present
on the dorsal aspect just caudad of the bases of the antenne.
The most striking feature of the head is the pair of curved, strong
mandibles (Figs. 1 and 5) which extend far beyond the anterior
margin of the head. The tips are bent mesad and each bears
on the distal part of the inner margin several very small tooth-
like projections. Each also bears a number of bristles on its
outer margin. The antennez (Figs. 1 and 3) are borne on the
dorsal aspect of the head and attached immediately above the
bases of the mandibles. Each is composed of eight segments as
follows: a strong, cylindrical, basal segment is followed by five
similar narrow segments which are closely set together; the
penultimate segment is elliptical in outline, distinctly larger and
broader than the adjacent ones, and bears two or three bristles
on its distal crown; the ultimate segment is cylindrical and -
approximately as long as the penultimate segment, but the
diameter is much smaller. It also bears several bristles on its
distal crown and is terminated by a strong spine which is ap-
proximately half as long as the segment. Figure 3 shows the
structural details and the characteristic shape of the antenna.
On the ventral side of the head the gulo-mental region is slightly
depressed below the level of the genas. From this side of the head
is best seen the rather prominent pair of palpi, apparently the
maxillary palpi, which extends cephalad almost to the tips of the
mandibles. Each is composed of five segments, the distal one of
which bears a number of short, stout spines. The middle seg-
ments also bear two or three long bristles. The head as a whole
bears on the dorsal and ventral surfaces scattering bristles.
February, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 5
The length of the thorax averages about 0.50 mm. and the
greatest width about 0.30 mm. The thoracic segments are dis-
tinct, smooth, rather strongly chitinized, and separated by broad
intersegmental grooves. The prothorax exceeds the others in
size, having a length almost equal to that of the combined length
of the mesa- and metathorax. The prothorax and the meso-
thorax each have two pairs of well developed bristles on the
lateral margins, but the metathorax apparently bears only one
pair. The three pairs of similar, translucent legs (Fig. 2) are of
approximately equal development and constitute efficient organs
of locomotion. They are from one and one-third to one and one-
half times as long as the width of the thorax and bear a number of
spines and bristles. The single terminal tarsal joint of each leg
bears two well developed, divergent, slightly curved claws.
The ten abdominal segments, with the exception of the last
two, are all similar in shape and structure, but show a slight
diminution in width toward the posterior end. The interseg-
mental grooves are broad and distinct. Each segment bears a
number of bristles of different lengths, some rather long, others
short. The two caudal segments are much smaller than the
preceding ones. The terminal segment bears two long bristles;
the penultimate bears at least four pairs of bristles one of which
is rather long. Each of the other segments bears one pair of long,
conspicuous bristles and several shorter ones.
The larve were very active from the moment of hatching
and apparently began foraging for food immediately. Un-
fortunately none of them lived many days, due, no doubt, to the
fact that the proper food could not be supplied. The active
habits of the larva and the strongly developed mandibles are
suggestive of the possible food habits of this form. It seems safe
to call this a predaceous larva of terrestrial habit, or possibly of
arboreal habit as suggested by Needham. It is possible that the
eggs may be laid on the leaves of vegetation as in the case of
Chauliodes,and on hatching the young larve may subsist on the
small plant lice or other delicate insect life which may occur on
the supporting plant. It is the hope of the writer that the above
description of the egg and the larva, together with whatever may
be suggested as to food habits, will make it possible for some one
to complete the long sought for life history of this interesting
insect.
6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
LITERATURE QUOTED:
Banks, N. 1905. A Revision of the Nearctic Hemerobiide. Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc. 32:21—51.
Hagen, H. 1861. Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America. Smith-
sonian Miscellaneous Collections, 4:1—347.
Needham, J. G. 1901. Aquatic Insects in the Adirondacks. New York
State Mus. Bull. 47, p. 551.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I:
Fig. 1. Dorsal view of larva of Polystechotes punctatus drawn from recently
hatched specimen.
Fig. 2. Third leg of larva.
Fig. 3. Dorsal view of right larval antenna.
Fig. 4. Outline drawing of egg.
Fig. 5. Dorsal view of left mandible of larva.
The Early French Coleopterists.
By Re P| Dow BRookiyvy NOG
It does not follow that, because scientific France accepted
at once the “‘System of Nature” of Linné, French study of
zoological classification was begun through the influence of that
master. European revival of learning first traveled from Italy
to France. The study of insects kept pace with all other branches.
A volume of Aristotle in Latin, ‘‘De Animalibus,’’ was pub-
lished in Paris in 1548. The very fact that it is not particularly
rare in old: book stores proves that the edition was not small
and that the readers were many. A number of editions of
Pliny’s Natural History were in print a few decades earlier or
later. -Entomology, as a distinct subject, had been taught in
the Arab Universities as early as 1300, and at a number of
European Universities by 1650. The forerunners of the idea of a
natural classification were busy by the middle of the Seventeenth
Century. The first great work on the subject was by Johann
Swammerdamm, an Amsterdam physician, a General History of
Insects, with forty-three plates of excellent drawings, published
in 1669 when the author was thirty-two years old. There are
no less than nine editions of this work, in Latin, French, German,
Dutch and English. It was republished in Paris in 1758. More-
over it created a school at Amsterdam, from which Réaumur,
Ray and Linné himself got their early lessons and from the
publications of which Linné described many species, especially
of Dutch West Indian material.
February, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 7
The posthumous volume of John Ray (s7c on the title page;
spelled Wray in most documents), a work of 415 small quarto
pages published in London, 1710, traveled far and fast. It
contained a rough classification of insects, differing mainly
from the modern in the inclusion of the Crustacea. Latreille
himself never wholly abandoned the idea of a close connection
between the two groups. Ray estimated that there were 20,000
kinds of insects. An early master, a Frenchman born in 1683,
Réné A. F. de Réaumur, published a number of research works
in the Memoirs of. the Academy of Sciences. His great work
appeared in parts 1734 to 1742 from the Imprimerie Royale,
‘“‘Memoires Pour Servir a 1’ Histoire des Insectes,”’ seven quarto
volumes with thousands of exact anatomical drawings. A few
years later the work was reprinted in Amsterdam in twelve small
octavo volumes.. This edition was so large that it is now no
rarity. A set comes frequently into the market for less than
half the cost of publication. No better proof of its importance
need be adduced than the fact that it was still used as a text
book in 1812.
All these works inspired Linné and equally Etienne Louis
Geoffroy, who was born in Paris, 1727.
If Linné is the ‘‘Father of Natural History,’ this man
should be known as the ‘‘Father of Entomology,” and to him
belong by right many of the honors worn by Fabricius. Never-
theless his place in the Hall of Fame has become appreciated
only during the last forty years. Previously his genera had been
ignored or overridden.
The name is a famous one in French science. An uncle,
Etienne Francois Geoffroy, wrote a volume of 472 pages of text
and 729 plates on the medicinal properties of 719 plants and 134
animals. This work, published posthumously in 1767, was the
first great materia medica. His younger brother, Claude Joseph,
had a famous collection of natural curiosities and wrote treatises
on them. The famous Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, (1772-
1844) professor of Zoology in the Jardin des Plantes, is either of
a different family altogether, or of kin too remote to trace. His
son, Isadore, was a physician and writer on medical entomology,
(1805-1861).
Sie” Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
E. L. Geoffroy was a physician, a man of means and even
political prominence, as is attested by the fact that he incurred
the displeasure of Robespierre. Moreover he was a well equipped
entomologist at as early a date as Linné. The tenth edition of
Linné’s work, in which the present binomial nomenclature is
distinctly adopted for the first time, appeared in 1758. The
first edition of Geoffroy’s ‘‘ History of Insects Occurring around
Paris’’ came out in 1762. He displayed, in the words of G. R.
Crotch, ‘“‘a degree of acumen far in advance of his age,’ an
opinion heartily concurred in by Leconte. That the same
opinion was shared by Linné himself is evidenced by his jealousy
expressed in his twelfth edition, 1766-7. This much is certain—
Geoffroy made a great step forward in his conception of the
nature of a genus. He divides the beetles into fifty-two genera,
and these do not depart very far from present family or tribal
divisions.
By the fiat of a British Association in 1842 that priority
in nomenclature could not antedate 1766 (i. e., the date of
Linné’s 12th edition) those who accepted it were compelled to
discard the generic names of Geoffroy, except in cases where they
had not been used by others before an edition of Insects around
Paris published in 1799. The check-list of coleoptera compiled
by Crotch in 1873 restored the Geoffroy names generally. This
act was opposed by J. L. Leconte, who had his own peculiar ideas
on the laws governing nomenclature and who, also, (there is
good evidence for believing) was a little jealous of the brilliant
scholar from Cambridge. A masterly analysis of the Geoffroy
genera was published by Leconte in the Canadian Entomologist,
vol. VI., pp. 186-196. Without regard to any actual or imagi-
nary law, there exists a feeling in favor of fair play, that any
inventor or discoverer has rights in the product of his mind, of
which he should not be deprived. The Geoffroy names have
passed beyond scientific nomenclature. They include many of
the best known of all beetle names and are incorporated firmly
in the common usage of most European languages, from which
no arbitrary rule can ever dislodge them.
Out of the 52 genera of Geoffroy the following were recog-
nized from Linné, either invented by or drawn from classic
sources by the latter: Scarabeus, Attelabus, Dermestes, Elater,
February, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 9
Buprestis (a name in use a century before Aristotle), Cicindela,
Dytiscus (corrected to Dyticus by Geoffroy), Cerambyx, Chry-
somela, Cassida, Coccinella, Cantharis, Tenebrio, Mordella,
Staphylinus, Necydalis, and Meloe. The names still credited
to Geoffroy are: Platycerus, Ptilinus, Copris, Anthrenus,
Lampyris, Omalisus, Hydrophilus, Melolontha, Prionus, Luperus,
Cryptocephalus, Crioceris, Altica (no apparent reason for the
accepted spelling Haltica), Galleruca, Mylabris, Bostrichus,
Clerus (used by Aristotle), Anthribus, Scolytus, Anaspis, Dia-
perits, Pyrochroa, Notoxus, Cerocoma. The remainder, names
invented by Geoffroy and credited to others who used them for
the first time after 1766: Byrrhus Linn., Cistela Fabr. (applied
to Byrrhide), Peltzs Illiger (included the genus Silpha), Cucujus
Fabr. (applied to Buprestids), Bruchus Linn. (applied to Ptinids),
Gyrinus Linn., Leptura Serv., Rhinomacer Fabr. (equals the
present Aitelabus. Attelabus, as Geoffroy used the word, covered
Hister), and Tritoma Fabr.
Geoffroy’s work consisted of 1,215 quarto pages and de-
pended upon public support. This was not lacking for there
came two succeeding editions. Nevertheless it was twenty years
before what might be called a school existed, and that by the
friendship of a younger generation—notably Fourcroy, Olivier
and Latreille—with the elderly master. The greatest work of
Fabricius followed Geoffroy by about eleven years. Olivier
reached his prime about fourteen years later still. Another
period of not less than twelve years elapsed before Latreille
reached his zenith, doubling and more the genera of beetles.
Fourcroy, Professor of Chemistry, published his own catalogue
of beetles found around Paris in 1785. It added nearly 300 new
species. Some being cosmopolitan, his name appears in the
American check-list.
A. G. Olivier, a professor of zoology, depended, like his two
predecessors, on public support for his great work—devoted to
beetles alone—the six volumes of text and two of plates of which
were published from 1789 to 1808. This work increased the
coleopterous genera to 100. Latreille’s Natural History was
published in fourteen volumes from 1802 to 1805. This again
multiplied genera. For example, Scarabeus was divided by
10 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
2
him into nine genera. Latreille has a total of 98 genera and one
species in our check list.
A common meeting place for these fellow workers existed
only at times. Geoffroy kept open house until 1790, but, having
incurred the displeasure of the Commune, he retired to Char-
treuse, where he lived in retirement until his death in 1810.
Having a Professorship with a State foundation, Olivier retained
his income through all political castastrophes, and from 1800
until his death in 1814 sheltered poor Latreille, who otherwise
might have had occasional difficulty in escaping starvation.
Fabricius, when in Paris, always dated letters from the house of
Olivier.
That greatest of human overturns which drove Geoffroy to
the refuge of a monastery and sent Latreille on the way to
transportation for life lifted into wealth and fame another cole-
opterist, fully as well known as his predecessors, although of
almost opposite mould of character and not to be classed as a
scholar of the same calibre.
Auguste Dejean was born at Amiens in 1780, of a respec-
‘table family, but not one of wealth or nobility. As a lad he
found a companion in Duméril, who was six years his senior
and who became one of the best known entomologists of France.
Togethe they collected butterflies. Duponchel spent a summer
with them and the three became lifelong friends. Dejean was
then 13 years old, Duponchel and Duméril of an age. A few
months later Dejean abandoned butterflies for beetles and never
gave up the hobby a day in his whole life.
Fate plays strange tricks. Two years later Dejean was
carrying a musket of the republic. He was ‘“‘citizen Dejean’”’
then. In 1802 the Army of the North returned to Paris on a
brief furlough. Here Dejean made arrangements to preserve
the collection he had already acquired and here he met Olivier,
Latreille, Duboscq and many others. At this time he had printed
for private distribution a catalogue of his collection, 910 species
of beetles, of which 50 were exotic.
Thirty-five years later, when Dejean was in the height of
his glory, he found a hundred or so copies of this pamphlet and
distr*buted them at a meeting of the Entomological Society.
About 20 copies are known to be extant.
February, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society iC!
For the next thirteen years the career of this soldier of
fortune is the romance of all the successful supporters of Napo-
leon. Never away from the field, save for the respite of the
Emperor’s exile at Elba, he stood at Waterloo, general of a
division and Aide de Camp to Napoleon. He had acquired both
riches and power, as did all the generals who gave their best to
the short lived dynasty.
Yet this madcap general never ceased to be a coleopterist,
never spent an hour without a collecting bottle in his holster.
His soldiers called him the French equivalent of the ‘‘bughouse
general.’’ The specimens caught on the field of battle were
posted to Paris and kept by his faithful agent d'affaires. At
the battle of Alcanizas, which he personally won, while actually
under fire he spied a Cebrio undulatus on a flower. Dismounting
he bottled it. An hour later a stray ball shattered his holster,
breaking the bottle. Dismounting again, he searched until the
beetle was recovered. This specimen held the place of honor
in his collection until it was dispersed. He had in his collection
a number of specimens labelled Quatre Bras and Waterloo.
Waterloo was not only Waterloo to the Emperor but to
all the generals of his adherents. Dejean found himself. pro-
scribed and a price on his head. His property, however, was
safe, hidden with trustworthy friends. This was the time to
take a vacation and he did so. The Court of Austria was open
to him. For three years he collected through the Balkans as
far as Austria held dominion. Political disabilities were re-
moved in 1818 and he returned to Paris. For the rest of his
life he was rich and respected. In 1821 he published another
catalogue of his beetles, numbering 6,692. This was rather
more than the total number described from Europe, but this
is not surprising. When Henshaw’s check-list was published in
1885 it contained 9,238 species, while the Leconte collection had
about 1,100. There were merely more species to name. In
1828 he received a long visit from Major Leconte. As Dejean
writes in a preface, this gentleman gave him American species
with a “rare generosity.”’ As a matter of fact Leconte gave
him nearly 800 species. Eschscholtz had visited him and gave
him cotypes of all he could spare from his own and Chamisso’s
collections. He was now Baron Dejean. He financed a n m-
12 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
ber of collecting expeditions. It was at his expense that Lebas
and a party of six visited the United States of Columbia. Lebas
stayed there five years, picking up small beetles. ‘‘Most of
these,’ observes Dejean, ‘“‘are new to science.’”’ Bonpland, for
years a captive in Paraguay, gave him specimens. Desjardins
himself was envoy from Dejean to Mauritius. In 1822 he
became the titular patron of Latreille, an arrangement which.
lasted for nine years, until the latter was elected Curator in
Chief of the Museum. In 1826 he gave to Latreille his Lepidop-
tera and what he had in all other orders except Coleoptera, but
as there was already talk of a Museum position for Latreille,
Dejean bought them all back again, and with them all the beetles
which Latreille had. This accession added 1,700 species to
Dejean’s collection, which now numbered 20,000 species of
beetles and an enormous aggregate of other orders. An entire
year was devoted to cataloguing and describing the Latreille
beetles. Dejean’s next catalogue came out in 1836. Fortune
had dealt kindly with him. He was now Count Dejean, Peer
and Councillor of France. It is of more consequence that he
had 20,909 species of beetles, exclusive of the mass of unworked
material. The last enumeration was published in 1837, 22,399
species. There are few larger private collections today, and it
must be remembered that the number of described beetles was
then less than half what it is now. Beyond a doubt his is the
most famous collection in the world.
Dejean conceived a greater project. Stephens’ British
Entomology, with its wonderful plates, had not then appeared.
Germar, in Germany, had just begun to publish fine colored
plates. The great work was that of Panzer, 1790, with over
2,200 colored plates, touching all orders. It was Dejean’s idea
to create a work in which every species known in the world should
be covered in text and illustration. Dr. J. A. Boisduval, with
his old friends Duponchel and Duméril, were to handle the Lepi-
doptera. Latreille was to handle the major classification and the
generalities. It was estimated that the whole work could be
produced at a cost of a million francs. It was due mainly to
Latreille that the work was not done, for Latreille was the one
scholar who realized the task was too great for any one combina-
tion of brains and the one worker in the ranks who threw away
February, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society esi:
the promise of money for the preferable adherence to scientific
truth. One volume appeared from Dejean himself, the Species
General of 1825, it covered his Carabide and is his best monu-
ment today. (To be concluded.)
Lepidoptera.—Mr. Edward D. Keith, of Providence, R. I.,
reports among species taken last summer rare in that locality
Pieris protodice ovipositing on pepper grass, Pamphila phileus,
Polychrysia formosa, Autographa oxygramma, and Autographa
verruca.
New Neuroptera from the United States.
By Rev. Loneinos Navas, S. J., ZARAGOZA, SPAIN
Two sentences of a letter from my friend, Mr. J. R. de la
Torre Bueno, dated October 19th last, have led me to write
this paper and send it to America. He said, in regard to the
Brooklyn Bulletin: ‘“‘I trust that from time to time when you
have any paper on material I may have sent you, you will
kindly favor us with it. . . . It is our wish to make this
publication one of the best in the United States.”’ I at once
looked up the Neuroptera from the United States I was working
on, and I have prepared these notes which I send on with pleas-
ure to help in the good intentions of Mr. de la Torre Bueno.
If I should have the happiness of a good reception on the other
side of the Atlantic, it would be the best of incentives for more
work.
Family MYRMELEONID: 1. Mastega gen. nov.
Similis Cryptoleont Banks.
Antenne thorace haud longiores, clava forti. Prothorax
transversus.
Abdomen ala posteriore brevius, saltem in °.
Pedes fortis, tibiis I, II femoribus I, II brevioribus, tibiis
posticis femoribus paulo longioribus; calcaribus nullis; tarsis
articulis primo et quinto longis, quinto longiore, intermediis
brevibus.
Alz linea plicata manifesta; area costali angusta, venulis
plerisque simplicibus, aliquot furcatis; area radiali paucis venulis
internis.
Ala anterior area costali paucissimis venulis gradatis ante
stigma; area apicali duplici serie venularum gradatarum; area
* cubitali partim biareolata.
14 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
Ala posterior area costali venulis nullis gradatis; area
apicali serie venularum gradatarum, ramo_ obliquo cubiti
parallelo postcubito; area postcubitali simplici, angusta.
The following species is the type,
On comparison with Cryptoleon nebulosus Oliv., type of the
genus Cryptoleon Banks, it is evident that it cannot be included
in the same genus. Cyryptoleon can be readily differentiated
from this genus by the wing structure. The costal area has
many gradiform veinlets in both wings, in the anterior wing
nearly in its entire length. The apical area has only one series
of gradiform veinlets in both wings.
2. Mastega texanus sp. nov.
Flavus, fusco varius.
Caput (fig. 1) flavum, macula inter et pone antennas, ante
antennas in lineam lateralem transversam. producta, fusca;
vertice et occipite linea media longitudinali fusca; oculis fuscis;
palpis flavis, labialium articulo ultimo fusiformi, externe fusco
notato; antennis fuscis, flavo angustissime annulatis, clava
forti, inferne rufescente.
Prothorax transversus, flavus, pilis later-
alibus fuscis, fascia centrali longitudinali in
metazona dilatata longitudinaliter divisa,
fusca (fig. 1). Mesonotum flavum, proscuto
fusco, linea longitudinali media flava, fascia
laterali fusca juxta alas. Metanotum flavum,
Fig. 1. fascia laterali fusca. Pleure flavee, duplici
Mastega texanus Nav. linea longitudinali fusca.
ee Abdomen flavidum, fusco pilosum.
Pedes flavi, fusco punctati et setosi,
apice tibiarum et articulorum tarsorum fusco; tarsorum articulis
primo et quinto longis, quinto longiore.
Ale apice subacute, hyaline, reticulatione subtota fusca,
venis albido striatis; plerisque venulis et axillis furcularum
angustissime fusco limbatis; linea plicata manifesta stigmate
flavo citrino.
Ala anterior area costali venulis plerisque simplicibus,
aliquot ante stigma furcatis, paucissimis venulis gradatis (1-2)
ante stigma; area apicali duplici serie venularum gradatarum;
area radiali 3 venulis inermis, aliqua cellula divisa sectore radii
February, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 15
fere 8 ramis; area cubitali ante ramum obliquum subtota biareo-
lata, ramo aperto; area postcubitali basi biareolata.
Ala posterior area apicali una serie venularum gradatarum;
area radiali 2 venulis internis, sectore radii 7 ramis; areas cubitali
et postcubitali angustis, simplicibus; ramo obliquo cubiti parallelo
postcubito.
Long. corp. ° 23 mm.; long. al. ant. 21 mm.; long. al. post.
20 mm.
Habitat.—Texas, Boll, 1875. One example in the Vienna
Museum labelled by Brauer abdominalis?
Family HEMEROBIIDA!: 3. Sympherobtus tristis sp.
nov.
Similis angusto Banks.
Caput et thorax picei. Abdomen deest.
Antenne picez, pilose, longe, apicem versus attenuate.
Facies testaceo-fusca, macula in media nigra. Oculi fusci.
Palpi nigri.
Pedes fusci.
Aleze apice ellipticze, ad medium modice dilatate, membrana
iridea; reticulatione subtota fusca; stigmate fuscecente, elongato,
manifesto.
Ala anterior (fig. 2) venis fuscis albido punctatis; cubito
subtoto, axillari partim fusco marginatis; venulis omnibus fuscis;
membrana tota fusco marmorata, excepta basi et area costali.
Area costalis angusta, venulis pleris-
que furcatis, venula recurrente basi-
lari cellulam oblongam angustam clau-
dente. Radius duobus sectoribus.
ae Venule discalis fusco marginate.
ig. 2. : :
Gbhelobius wists Nav, Ala posterior immaculata, ad mar-
ae as XS ginem externum et posticum levissime
ol. Mm.
fusco umbrata; 2 venulis discalibus.
Long. al. ant. 7 mm.; long. al. post. 6 mm.
Habitat.—Pecos, New Mexico, July 13. One example which
I found in my collection sent by Mr Banks with the foregoing
locality and with the name (in my handwriting). Muicromus
variolosus Hag. so identified by Mr. Banks when he sent it to
me. The narrowness of the costal area of the anterior wing
gives it a certain likeness to a Micromus, but it is a true Sym-
16 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
pherobtus. Banks in citing Mzcromus variolosus Hag. (Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc., 1905, p. 46) gives as localities “‘ Pecos and Mesilla,
New Mexico,’’ among others.
4. Muicromus nesoticus sp. nov.
Similis subantico Walk.
Caput facie palpisque piceis, fronte medio ferruginea, ad
latus ante antennas macula triangulari testacea; vertice testaceo
longitudinaliter tricarinato, duabus maculis fuscis; oculis fuscis;
antennis testaceis, longis.
Thorax fuscus.
Abdomen fuscum, apice testaceum.
Ale anguste, elliptice, reticulatione fusca, testaceo varia;
stigmate indistincto; cellulis discalibus elongatis, hexagonalibus.
Ala anterior (fig. 3) membrana striolis longitudinalibus
fuscescentibus singulis inter venas; venis fuscis, testaceo late
interruptis, vel potius testaceis, fusco
punctatis aut striatis; area costali venu-
lis plerisque furcatis; venulis gradatis
Thies 2 fuscis, externis fusco limbatis.
Micromus nesoticus Nav. Ala posterior hyalina, reticulatione
Anterior Wing X5 ; 3 c :
(Col. m.) uniformi, forti, fusca, ad regionem
stigmatis testacea.
Long. corp. 3.8 mm.; long. al. ant. 6.5 mm.; long. al. post.
4.8 mm.
Habitat —Yaphank, Long Island, N. Y., 26. IX. 12 (de la
Torre Bueno). .
In general appearance like subanticus Walk. It is darker,
the wings are narrower and longer, the reticulation darker; in the
forewing there are only three radial sectors, in place of four as
in subanticus.
Family CONIOPTERYGIDA!: 5. Conwentzia angulata
Sp. nov.
Corpus totum nigrum, exudatione alba.
Antenne fusce.
Pedes fortes, femoribus fuscis, tibiis leviter dilatatis, com-
pressis, pallidioribus; tarsis articulo primo longo, ceteris brevi-
bus.
Ale (fig. 4) membrana grisea vel leviter infumata; reticula-
tione forti, fusca.
February, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 17
Ala anterior stria albida longi-
tudinali ante procubitum, ab ortu
usque ad furcam apicalem; venula
Ta | radiali alba; area costali angusta
- ad basim latiore, una venula dis-
aa tincta prope basim; sectore radii
furcato; venula radiali fere cum
Fig. 4, subcostali continuata, ad petiolum
Ey ieee a EXE furcee juxta hujus axillam inserta;
(Col. m.) venula intermedia obliqua, intror-
sum inclinata, intra furcam pro-
cubiti inserta, ab ipsa furca sectoris radii prope axillam proce-
dente; 2 venulis procubitalibus, externa duas tertias partes a
prima ad furcam procubiti inserta; item 2 venulis cubitalibus,
externa intra venulas primam et secundam procubitales inserta.
Ala posterior brevior, angusta, margine antico recto, ante
apicem in angulum obtusum flexo; venis usque ad marginem
extensis; sectore radii simplici, nulla venula radiali visibil1.
Long. corp. 2 mm.;long.al. ant. 2.8 mm.; long. al. post. 1.4mm.
Habitat —White Plains, N. Y., one example; another from
Westfield, N. J., 31.VIII. 4 (de la Torre Bueno).
6. Conwentzia axillata sp. nov.
Totum corpus nigrum, albo copiose exudatum.
Antenne testacez, fere 34 articulis, pilose.
Palpi testacei, graciles. —
Pedes longi, tibiis distincte longioribus quam femoribus.
Ale (fig. 5) albze, cinereo leviter suffuse; reticulatione cinerea.
Ala anterior venula radiali ante
venulam subcostalem antice, ante
furcam sectoris postice manifeste in-
serta; venula intermedia obliqua, intra
furcam sectoris antice prope axillam,
intra furcam procubiti postice longe
ab axilla inserta; 2 procubitalibus,
externa longe a furca distante; 2
Fig. 5. 5 : .
Conwentzia axillata Nav. cubitalibus, externa intra primam et
hes secundam procubitalem, propius ad
Ol. Mm.
primam seu internam accedente; axilla
in lobum rotundatum prominente.
18 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entcmological Society Vol. IX
Ala posterior abdomen longius excedens, angusta, apice
late rotundato, obtusa; venis ad marginem pervenientibus;
secunda vena furcata, furca longissima, fere triplo longiore quam
petiolo.
Long. corp. 1.5 mm.; long. al. ant. 3.3 mm.; long. al. post.
1.5 mm.
Habitat.—White Plains, N. Y. (Bueno.)
_ Dr. Navas has described in addition five species of Neurop-
tera collected by Mr. J. R. dela Torre Bueno, locally, descriptions
of which follow, as they appeared in comparatively inaccessible
foreign publications. (Eds.)
Family HEMEROBIIDA: Lomamyia nearctica sp. nov.
Similis texaneé Banks.
Caput testaceo-flavum; vertice puncto juxta oculos et ato-
mis minutissimis, fuscis, pilis fuscis hirto; oculis plumbeis;
antennis flavis, flavo pilosis, articulo primo elongato, aliquot
atomis et pilis fuscis; occipite linea media longitudinali fusca.
Thorax testaceus, superne, fusco punctatissimus, interne
fusco maculatus; pilis fuscis albisque. Prothorax paulo latior
postice quam longior, antrorsum angustatus. Metanotum fusco
maculatum, haud punctatum.
Abdomen fuscum, pilis griseis; cercis cylidricis, longis,
ad apicem leviter incrassatis, fusco longiter pilosis.
Pedes pallidi, fusco punctatissimi, fusco et albido pilosi;
tarsis pallidis, apice articulorum fusco.
Ale post medium dilatatze, margine externo concavo; mem-
brana partim fuscata; stigmate flavo-rufescente, interne fusco
limitato.
Ala anterior margine externo excavato et sinuato ; venis
testaceis, fusco punctatissimis; venulis discalibus fuscis; mem-
brana maculis striisve ferrugineis transversis, ad medium rariori-
bus, in tertio posteriore et apicali densioribus et in area apicali
in limbum coalescentibus; area costali venulis furcatis aut
ramosis testaceis, fusco punctatis, ad costam aliquot maculis
fuscis; venulis discalibus et axillis furcularum anguste fusco
limbatis.
Ala posterior pallidior, reticulatione fulva, dense pilosa;
February, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 19
venula secunda radiali (pone stigma) et tribus gradatis fuscis
fuscoque limbatis; membrana in tertio apicali subfusco leviter
suffusa.
Long. corp. 7 mm.; long. al. ant. 11 mm.; long. al. post.
10 mm. °
Habitat —United States. Yaphank, L. I., 23 Sept. 1912.
De la Torre Bueno. (My collection.)
Family CHRYSOPIDZ: Chrysopa rubicunda sp. nov.
Viridi-flava.
Caput totum rubellum; oculis in sicco fuscis; antennis flavis
primo articulo rubello.
Prothorax latior quam longior, antrorsum parum angtstatus.
Abdomen .. . deest.
Pedes pallidi, tarsis rufescentibus, unguibus nigris.
Ale anguste, longe, hyaline; apice acute; reticulatione
flavo-viridi; stigmate pallido, vix sensibil1.
Ala anterior venulis costalibus initio et fine, radialibus et
procubitalibus subtotis, gradatis 6-7 et tribus primis cubitalibus
totis; ramis sectoris, sectore et venulis postcubitalibus initio
nigris; procubito stria ante cellulam procubitalem typicam fusco
striato; cellula procubitali typica ultra venulam primam in-
termediam nigram producta.
Ala posterior venulis gradatis 5-7 et ultima cubitali totis,
costalibus et radialibus initio et fine nigris.
Bone, al. ant. 12.5 mm; long. al: post. 11.2 mm.; Lat. af.
eat. 2.5mm.
Habitat.—United States: Yaphank, L. I., Sept. 23, 1911.
De la Torre Bueno. (My collection.)
The above two species were described in Entomologischen
Zeitschrift, Jahrg. XXVII, No. 4.
Family CONIOPTERYGIDA: Malacomyza ventralis sp.
nov.
Similis fitcht Banks.
Caput fuscum; oculis in sicco nigris; antennis testaceis,
30 aut pluribus articulis; palpis testaceis.
In the example before me it seems to me there are 32
joints.
Thorax fuscus, latus.
Abdomen aurantiacum, vel vitellinum, ovale.
20 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
Pedes fusco-testacei.
Ale (figured) membrana grisea, stria albida longitudinali
in area intermedia seu ante procubitum; reticulatione fusco-
pallida, forti; furca sectoris longiore suo scapo, venula cum radio
et procubito connexa.
Ala anterior venula intermedia intra furcam procubiti
desinente; duabus venulis procubitalibus, externa perpendiculari
procubito ante hujus furcam, interna basilari; duabus cubitali-
bus in tertio ale interno.
Ala posterior venulis radiali et intermedia intra furcam
desinentibus.
Long. corp. 1.7 mm.; long. al. ant. 2.4 mm.; long. al. post
2 rata
Habitat.—United States: White Plains, N. Y., June, 1910.
De la Torre Bueno. (My collection.)
Family HEMEROBIIDA: Sympherobius buenoi sp. nov.
Similis wmbrato Banks.
Caput, thorax, abdomen nigra, nigro pilosa.
Caput nitens, leve, oculis nigris; antennis fuscis; palpis
fuscis, ultimo articulo labialium pallidiore, grandi, elongato,
mucrone tenui.
Abdomen ultimo segmento superne fusco-testaceo.
Pedes pallidi, fusco-pilosi; tarsis longis; primo articulo
duplo longiore quam secundo.
Alae (figured) reticulatione forti, tota nigra, apice elliptice
rotundato.
Ala anterior membrana tota fusco tincta, in area costali
continenter, in disco punctatim, densius juxta venas, obscurius
juxta maculas gradatas et inter ramos cubiti, quasi striam
obliquam fuscam simulante.
Ala posterior leviter fumosa, venis omnibus fusco limbatis.
Long. corp. 2.7 mm.; long. al. ant. 4 mm.; long. al. post.
Sige) 10000, -
Habitat.—United States: White Plains, N. Y., 11 June,
1910, one example, collected and sent me by Mr. J. R. de la
Torre Bueno, to whom I have the pleasure of dedicating the
species.
The two preceding descriptions appeared in Broteria, ser.
zool., vol. X, 1912 and vol. XI, 1913, pp. 198-199.
February, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 21
Short Studies in Geometridae: No. 2.
By RicHarD F. PEARSALL, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Petrophora fluctuata, Linn.—This study was undertaken to
remove some doubts caused by a suggestion of one of my foreign
correspondents that some of our western species, so called, were
only overgrown forms, or races, of well known eastern types.
In the Canadian Entomologist, vol. 38, p. 400, the Rev. Geo. W.
Taylor separates two western species, theretofore confused with
fluctuata, under the names of pontiaria and fossaria. The former,
of which I have a number.of specimens, is not so very unlike a
larger, coarser replica of our eastern form. The latter I do not
know. Two years later, (Can. Ent. vol. 40, p. 59) he separates -
our eastern species under the name of planata, overlooking
Guénée’s previous name of zduata, to which Dr. Dyar has
called attention (Proc. Ent. Soc. of Wash., vol. 10, p. 33). He
compares it with fluctuata, relying upon color differences and the
direction of the cross lines, a rather slender basis, as he admits.
Had he examined their antennal structure, figures of which are
here given, he would have discarded fluctuata without hesitancy.
But, it will be noted, in the American species under discus-
sion the antennae are alike in structure, and in order to get a
positive clue for separation, mounts of the O' genitalia were
prepared, and drawings in part herewith presented, showing so
wide a variation that further comment is needless. A closely
analogous position exists between our species of Nyctobia
Antenna (under side) of Petrophora Antenna (under side) of Petrophora
pontiaria Taylor and P. iduata Guen. fluctuata Linn.
22 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX.
Genitalia (in part’ of ‘ot Petrophora pontiaria Taylor.
February, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 25
limitaria Walk, with its endless variations, anguilineata Grote
and nigroangulata Strecker. In my next paper I will endeavor
to show their actual relationship.
On Corymbites Protractus.
In the Bulletin for June, p. 77, a Corymbites from California
is mentioned and provisionally named Joutelii. Dr. E. C. Van
Dyke, of San Francisco, immediately suggested that it was a
light form of C. protractus Lec. The specimens were sent to
him and he writes: Your Corymbites is, as I was certain, nothing
more than a rufescent form of C. protractus. It cannot be a
species, nor even a subspecies. A number of our species of
Elateridze have that tendency to lose their pigment and become
a reddish or yellowish, passing into a condition called ‘“‘rufinism’’
and comperable to albinism and melanism, in fact intermediate.
It is very common among the Carabidez, among the subterranean,
littoral and arctic species.
I am sending for comparison some typical protractus and
the reddish form taken with them. Also C. fraternus, a species
which is often confounded with it. The latter is found at higher
altitudes and is generally beaten from the coniferous trees,
whereas protractus is generally to be found in rather wet meadows.
Calosoma Frigidum and C. Willcoxi at Wading River, L. I.
By Wm. T. Davis, New Brighton, N. Y.
On May 29, 1913, it was observed that the trees about
Wading River, L. I., were being defoliated by a geometrid cater-
pillar since identified by Dr. Dyar as that of the ‘‘ Fall Canker
Worm,” Alsophila pometaria. The larvae were in great numbers
and their excrement fell in a ceaseless patter on the dry leaves
or the vegetation yet undestroyed. These caterpillars were
more abundant in some places than in others and to the south
of the railroad station, in the flat country, none were observed.
They were particularly fond of hickories and oaks, but devoured
the foliage of all the trees and some of the lesser plants, excepting
the evergreens. They, however, wasted much of their food supply
for the ground was covered in places with bits of partly eaten
green leaves that constituted a considerable part of the foliage.
24 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
In a hollow to the west of the village and along the main
road Calosoma frigidum was found in considerable abundance;
also C. willcoxi, but in less numbers. ‘There were about four of
the former to one of the latter. These beetles were engaged in
destroying the caterpillars, and a willcoxi was seen to run down
a tree trunk and seize a caterpillar, which was promptly devoured.
When pursued the Calosoma would let go of the tree trunk,
fall to the ground and try to hide among the dry leaves, which
they often did so effectually as to prevent their discovery. Or
they would at first try to climb the tree to a place of safety, or
run horizontally around the trunk in order to avoid detection
after the manner of squirrels and some Orthopterous insects.
A considerable number were observed on the branches of the
trees, even out on the small twigs, and, if the trees were jarred
suddenly, they would often fall to the ground and scamper away.
On the first afternoon of our visit when the sun was warm,
a number of mated pairs of frigidum and one of willcoxt were
observed. In one place seven frigidum were seen in an area of
about a yard square. This gathering consisted of three pairs and
an individual.
A considerable number of Hister™ were also found among the
dead leaves on the ground, and they no doubt were either feeding
directly on the caterpillars, as they are known to do, or in some
way profited by their presence.
Calosoma frigidum was found in some numbers, June 26,
1910, at Rockaway Beach, L. I., and wullcoxi has occasionally
been found at the same place. The writer and all of the members
who attended the Society’s Decoration Day field excursion had
never seen these beetles in such abundance as we found them in
the woods about Wading River, though well aware that allied
predaceous beetles are often very common in parts of Europe.
*Identified by Mr. Schaeffer as H. immunis Erichson.
Animal Communities in Temperate America.
A study in Animal Ecology, By. V. E. Shelford. Bulletin
No. 5 Geographic Society of Chicago.
University of Chicago Press, 380 pp., 300 figs., maps,
diagrams. ‘$3.22 postpaid.
February, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 25
This important contribution to biology in its ecological (and
less formalized) aspects welds into an orderly whole a multitude
of detached and heterogeneous observations and data, makes
them accessible and serviceable as a basis for systematic study,
and throws a flood of light on methods and results to be achieved.
It is a genuine pleasure to find a biological work not designed to
further and establish some set theory, into whose procrustean
bed the subservient facts are tortured. Nature is regarded in
its true aspect of a harmonious unity and the interrelations of
its component elements are set forth with an unbiased mind.
It is one of those rare works which are not ‘‘correlated”’ and in
their nature may not be, to the theory of evolution in some of
its many manifestations. Sanity is its dominant note. It is,
in effect, a brief for ‘‘sanity toward nature” which is based upon
“a full knowledge of the available facts.’’ Here, in Shelford’s
own words, we have the touchstone by which to try all biological
work. Applied to his own book, it passes the crucial test.
In this necessarily brief note, we can do no more than cite
its method, as already done, and enumerate its divisions. The
introduction briefly refers to the study of ecology and sets forth
general principles, which are more fully developed in six chap-
ters. The remaining nine chapters deal with animal communi-
ties of large lakes (as studied in Lake Michigan), streams, small
lakes, ponds, tension lines between land .and water, swamp and
flood-plain forests, dry and mesophytic forests, thickets and
forest margins, and prairies. There is an appendix on methods
of study. The illustrations are most satisfying, the majority
original from photographs, and they actually illustrate the text
and are most pertinent to it. An excellent bibliography of 214
titles, divided according to the chapters to which it refers, to-
gether with two indices (an authors’ and a subject index),
close a work which is destined to be of the utmost value to every
student of biology, so orderly and methodical is the presentation
of the facts with which it deals.
To workers in no biological group will it be of greater in-
terest and significance than to entomologists, especially to such
as are dominated by the larger aspects of their science. Indeed,
great attention has been given to insects, and no less than 457
species of the 933 animals mentioned are Hexapoda: This work
26 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
should be in the library of every student of insects whose interest
goes beyond the mere naming of species and their arrangement
in linear series.
j. Ree
Proceedings of The Brooklyn Entomological Society.
The regular meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held
at the Central Museum, Nov. 13, President Davis in the chair, sixteen members
present, and as visitors, Dr. W. T. M. Forbes and Einer L. Olsen, a former
member.
The Treasurer reported $50 received for the Bulletin fund, including $25,
the gift of W. T. Davis. The Publication Committee reported the copy for
the December was all prepared and that the printing would be done in Clare-
mont, N. H.
The President read a letter from the Committee of Entomologists of
Cornell University relative to the proposed volume of a list of insects of New
York, inviting the cooperation of the Society, the appointment of one of its
members as a member of the projected board of editors. After considerable
debate it was voted unanimously that the Society should give its best aid to
the plan, and it was then voted that a committee of three should consider
ways and means and report at the December meeting. The Committee:
Bather, Torre-Bueno and Olsen.
It was voted to hold the December Meeting at the Children’s Museum.
Mr. Torre-Bueno showed some papers by Dr. Longinos Navas of Spain,
describing new species of Neuroptera, among which were Lomamyia nearctica
and Chrysopa rubicunda from Yaphank, L. I., Malacomyza ventralis and
Sympherobius buenor from White Plains, N. Y.
Mr. Davis presented as Long Island records (identifications by Dr. Forbes)
Chytonix sensilis Grote, Central Park, L. I., Aug. 12, 1913; Cassville, N. J.,
Aug. 17, 1910 the record of this rare moth being an addition to the New Jersey
list; Orthosia auriantiago Guénée, Riverhead, Aug. 5, 1913; Nymphula
obliteralis Walker, Yaphank, July 25, 1908, three specimens.
“Mr. Schaeffer reported the Hemip. Lygaeus bicrucis from his garden,
Brooklyn, November. Mr. Nicolay has taken them at Rockaway.
Mr. Doll exhibited a box of lepidoptera specimens of the 1913 acquisition.
He raised during the season eleven species of Papaipema. Notably cerina
Grote came from the wild tiger lily, food plant hitherto unknown. The species
bred from Long Island are: P. duovata Bird from salt golden rod, Solidago
sempervirens; P. sciata Bird from Veronica virginica; P. frigida Smith from
meadow rue; P. duplicata Bird from horse balm, Colensonia canadensis,
P. astuta Bird from the same food plant; P.lysmachia Bird from loose strife.
Mr. Schaeffer exhibited specimens of Mantis religiosa, of which over
fifteen were taken by Robert Schmaltz near Rochester, with egg masses,
indicating that the species is more or less naturalized.
The paper by Wm. T. Davis on Calosoma frigidum and C. willcoxt is
printed in the Bulletin. Mr. Weeks spoke of the plentifulness of the three
species of Calosoma, common at sugar in East New York. Mr. Dow recorded
willcoxt as not uncommon at light on the edge of Prospect Park, Brooklyn.
Mr. Engelhardt spoke of his recent visit to Lakehurst, N. J., primarily
to take Glea carinosa. Success at sugar was more pronounced on muggy
nights, especially when it was raining quite hard. November collecting of
lepidoptera has brought many species in quantity of the utmost rarity also.
February, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 27
The regular meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held at
the Children’s Museum Dec. 11, with vice-president Bather in the chair and
21 members present. It was voted that future meetings should be at the
Children’s Museum, 185 Brooklyn Ave., unless otherwise stated.
The special committee on ways and means for most efficient co-operation
with the New York State College of Agriculture for the preparation of a
catalogue of the insects actually found in New York State, reported that a
standing committee should be elected for the full period of the labors of the
Editorial Board, consisting of one Coleopterist, one Lepidopterist, one Hemip-
terist, and one for the other orders. It was advised that all records from
members pass through this committee for verification. The committee rec-
ommended as such permanent committee; Wm. T. Davis, Chairman, in
charge of Neuroptera, Orthoptera, and other orders; Chas. Schaeffer in Cole-
optera; Jacob Doll in Lepidoptera; Chris. E. Olsen in Hemiptera; and J. R.
de la Torre Bueno, representative on the State Editorial Board.
Nominating Committee for officers: Messrs. Engelhardt, Doll, Pasch.
Auditing Committee, reappointed, Messrs. Schaeffer and Bather.
Mr. Weeks reported Cicindela purpurea, caught.at Yaphank, Nov. 20,
and exhibited the living specimen in a bottle. For food there had been intro-
duced a Lachnosterna fusca, taken beneath the surface of the soil and freshly
emerged from pupa and a number of fruit flies, ete.
Mr. Torre-Bueno showed 33 species of Heteroptera found on the tide line
at Smith’s Point, Fire Island Beach, L. I., July 19, 1913. This lot was re-
markable in consisting entirely of the macropterous forms, even .of species
normally brachypterous. Pentatomide were most largely represented,
followed closely by Lygeide. The most abundant species was a Lygeid,
Eremocoris ferus, followed closely by Euschistus variolarius and Podisus ma-
culiventris. The most notable of the forms se:ured was a single specimen
of the long winged form of a Tingid, apparently as yet undescribed and here-
tofore known only from two brachypterous specimens taken at long intervals.
Five specimens of Aradus uniformis were taken, some of which had mites
fastened to them. Another point of interest was the predominance of Hemip-
tera, which outnumbered all other orders.
Mr. Nicolay showed a collection of Cerambycide, particularly strong in
the semiboreal Lepturini. Mr. Pearsall showed a series of Basilarchia,
spread on their backs by inserting the head of the pin in the corlk This
gave a slight convex curve to the upper side of the wings. Mr. Engelhardt
showed some Basilarchia bred by Mr. Wasmuth in East New York, some
normal astyanax, others at least approaching the proserpina form. Mr.
Schaeffer spoke of a Philonthus, prettily marked, taken by Mr. Nicolay at
Bellport, L. I., which seems to be a new species. Mr. Wintersteiner displayed
Cercyon lateralis (Staten Island, May 25, 1908, Davis), new to the New Jersey
list, known from north Europe, Siberia, and the Pacific coast.
R. P. Dow, Secretary.
OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA
WANTED—Pupe of Papilio ajax and rutulus. Ward’s Natural
Science Establjshment, 84 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
All kinds of Chrysalids, Cocoons, and Pup# wanted in exchange for
‘North American lepidoptera. Address: Herman H. Brehme, 74 Thirteenth
Avenue, Newark, N. J.
28 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
The Butterfly Farmer
A monthly magazine for amateur Entomolo-
gists. A comprehensive correspondence
course in Entomology, conducted under the
auspices of the Agassiz Association, will be a
leading feature during the present year. Sub-
scription $5.00 per annum, single copies 50
cents. Names of dealers and. purchasers and
wants of subscribers advertised without
charge.
Ximena McGlashan,
Publisher and Proprietor,
Truckee, California.
New Jersey Entomological Company
HERMAN H. BREHME, Manager
Dealers in Insects of all Orders. Lepidoptera, Cocoons and Pupae.
Life Histories. Cocoons and Pupae bought. Entomological Supplies, Insect
Pins, Cork, Riker Specimen Mounts, Nets, Spreading Boards, Boxes, etc.
74 THIRTEENTH AVENUE, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY
‘
PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Sent postpaid on receipt of price by R. P. Dow, Secy., 15 Broad St.,
Manhattan.
THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomol-
ogy, by John B. Smith, D. Sc. For sale also by the Kny-Scheerer Co.,
404-410 West 27th St., N. Y. City, and Ward’s Natural Science Establish-
ment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
Gloth. ont oso hades voeedcacces tet eee ee Pare ae Roe ee $2.00
Copies bound with interleaves for additions.................2....s2cseeesseees 2.50
BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
Vols. 1, 2 and 3 are out of print and will be bought at $1.25 each.
Vols: 4 to 7 for-sale at, pen= volust ci cissiecceeecccsscceecetneaese se seen eee 1.25
Volumes’ of thes Bulletin) tor tale take ceecssesec- se aneseceeec neste eee 1.00
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3,5, 6 and 7, each 2.00
Copies of Vol. 4 wanted at $2.25 each.
PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vols. 1 and 4, each............ 2.00
Vols. 2 and 3 wanted.
SCHAUPP, Synopsis ot the Cicindelidae, 5 col. plates.................. 1.00
OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Piusia and Allied Genera............... 50
WHIWDR, (Checklist of sthes beni pienasswsesses teste ease eee ee eee 5245)
Odd numbers of missing volumes of Papilio, Bulletin and Entomolog-
ica wanted at full prices.
THE BROOKLYN
_ ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Meetings are held on the second a See after the et Tuesday of
_ each month from October to June inclusive, at 185 Brooklyn Avenue.
The annual dues are $2.00.
OFFICERS, 1914
President
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
i Vice-President
i | W. T. BATHER
: Recording and Corresponding Secretary
q “bs R. P. DOW
| Treasurer
CHEW OLSEN
Librarian
A. C. WEEKS
b | . Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
Delegate to Cone of New York Academy of Sciences
CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society
Published in -
. QOctober, December, February, April and June of each year
Subscription price, $1.00 per year in advance; single copies 25 cents,
_ Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and observations of
interest to entomologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free
a if ordered in advance of publication, additional at cost. Address subscrip-
tions and all communications to
iS R. P. DOW, Editor, °
15 Broad Street, New York City.
‘Dipurtiuand of Natural Science
eG LAGAI, Ph.D. para
404- 410 West 27th Street . New York City, N. ¥
. Nt American ee Peaue insects a ll se
in perfect condition. Single specimens _ and —
collections illustrating — ‘mimicry, protective color-
ation, dimorphism, collections of representatives Ae
of the different orders of INBEOEE ete. at aes :
Series of specimens Ari ie insect life, color
variation, etc. Haoaienain is insects.
alee Uienil:
Breeding Apparatus and Cages for
Living Animals. ee
Preparing and Preserving Uneaa in
Cabinets, Insect Cases and ne ia
Material. .
Magnifiers,
Botanists’ Supplies. Nee ane,
Explorers’ and Collectors: Cane
Outfits. .
Miscellaneous ee Supplies.
Oologists’ Supplies.
Aquaria.
- Books and Publications {i
_ Chemicals. VAM GAR aE
illustrated Cle a Biological ‘Surpion
ical supplies sent free on hea cai BARR
Sha oe
Vol. IX — APRIL, 1914 | No. 2
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY
NEW SERIES
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE ~~ ~ttR NuSoy ne
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
Chairman
J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW,
Advertising Manager Editor
Published by the Society
Price, 25 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
84-102 COLLEGE AVENUE,
World’s Natural Science F‘stablishment
ROCHESTER, N. Y.
We take pleasure in announcing to the reader of the
Bulletin that we have recently purchased the entire
stock in trade of the American Entomological Co., of
Brooklyn and respectfully solicit your patronage.
Our stock of Lepidoptera is the largest in the world.
We assemble here collections of all kinds, among
which we mention LIFE HISTORIES of ECONOMIC
INSECTS, collections showing MIMICRY AND PRO-
TECTIVE COLORATION as well as large or small
SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS.
We shall continue to manufacture the ONLY GEN-
UINE HAND MADE SCHMITT INSECT BOX
and the well known AMERICAN ENTOMOLOG-
ICAL CO.’S INSECT PINS.
Our stock of Laboratory Material for Dissection is
very large and complete.
If you are interested in Entomology and wish to
receive our special lists as they are published, send us
your name for our mailing list.
Our Price List of -Entomological Papel: will be
mailed free upon request.
Our Catalogue of Insects (Price 25c.) contains lists
and prices of Lepidoptera, Insect Collections and Lab-
oratory Material.
We are also acting as distributors for Dr. John B.
Smith’s Explanation of Entomological Terms, Price,
$2.00. A necessity to every Entomologist.
World’s Natural Science Establishment
Ses Sete bE 2
™
a ee a
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
VoL, IX APRIL, 1914 No. 2
CONTENTS
hor wELLIDAR Or NEW YORK, Nicolay... . i.e... bees esau 29
sp GI AU SVS VAIN WSS. Comistockicr ce cei toeighle Steie oils ec a erereies oetele 32
NPD le QING EEE SON wean Davis. .s..401e aos haste os Reales 34
Poe Shik NCH COLBROPTERISES, Dow... :. Cocdote abn solos vel 37
PROCEEDINGS BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.. 42
Saba LUDIES IN. GEOMETRIDAE. . Pearsall... cco...) 60.05. 44
THE MORDELLIDA OF NEW YORK STATE.
By Atan S. Nicotay, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Although the following list does not profess to be a complete
record of the entire number of species of the family Mordellidze
occurring in the state of New York, nevertheless it is the first list
of its kind, and I sincerely trust it will be a help in the task of
compiling a list of the insects of New York State.
The Mordellidze seem to prefer ithe mountainous regions to the
lower levels and a collecting trip “up state” or in the nearby
mountain ranges yields a far greater number of species than the
low meadows or pine barrens of Long Island. However the pine
barrens have a few very characteristic insects. Although the
Northern area of the state has not been thoroughly explored sev-
eral unexpected things have been found; some entirely new to
this part of the country. The Catskill and Adirondack ranges
are fairly well known. I have received great assistance from
Messrs. Davis, Shoemaker, and Engelhardt through the loan of
their material.
Anaspis Geoffr.
nigra Hald. Ithaca, N. Y. (Smith), rare.
flavipennis Hald. Catskill Mts. (Nicolay), common. Rare
further South.
tufa Say. Common throughout state.
30 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 0l.1X
Tomoxia Costa.
bidentata Say. Maspeth, VI, 20 (Shoemaker). Nyack (Davis),
Palisades, Van Cortlandt (Nicolay). Notrare up the state, where
I have found it in the heat of day actively running in pairs on
dead twigs, flies readily when approached.
lineella Lec. Catskill Mts. (Nicolay). Staten Island, VI, 26
(Davis).
inclusa Lec. Catskill Mts. (Nicolay). The last two species
quite rare.
Mordella Linn.
borealis Lec. I have a pair of this northern species from the
Catskill Mts., the only ones taken in many years collecting by Mr.
Pearsall. Not in New Jersey list.
melaena Germ. Catskill Mts., Van Cortlandt, very local and
not common (Nicolay).
scutellaris Fab. Common throughout the state. All summer.
octopunctata Fab. Generally distributed, common.
lunulata Helm. Fort Montgomery, VII, 26 (Davis). Very
local and quite rare. Resembles the common margimata, but
readily separated by decided grey bands.
marginata Melsh. Common everywhere, very variable as re-
gards size and markings.
serval Say. Catskill Mts., V, 1 (Nicolay). Not unlike the -
rare borealis, but readily separated by coarser markings. Staten
Island, VIII, 13 (Davis).
triloba Say. Van Cortlandt Park (Nicolay).
discoidea Melsh. Long Island, very rare (Smith).
Mordellistena Costa
arida Lec. Bellport, VIII, 7, beating dead pine, rare (Nico-
lay) ; Long Island, VII, 5 (Shoemaker).
trifasciata Say. Bellport, VII, Catskill Mts.; Van Cortlandt
(Nicolay) ; generally distributed; common.
lepidula Lec. Catskill Mts., local but not rare (Nicolay).
limbalis Melsh. Rare in New York (Smith).
elegantulus Smith. Long Island type locality.
biplagiata Helm. Catskill Mts., very variable (Smith).
April, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 31
intermixta Helm. Adirondack Mts. to California (Smith).
vapida Lec. Staten Island (Nicolay).
bipustulata Helm. New York (Smith).
atriceps Smith. New York type locality.
picipennis Smith. New York (Smith).
scapularis Say. Van Cortlandt Park, Catskill Mts.; occurs in
Highlands (Nicolay), Ramapo VI, 12 (Davis).
comata Lec. Bellport, VI-VII (Nicolay). Common; a vari-
ety of marginalis, none of the characters differentiating both being
constant.
aspersa Melsh. Common everywhere.
indistincta Smith. Adirondack Mts. (Smith).
tosta Lec. Not rare in New York (Smith).
picilabris Helm. Bellport, VI, 24 (Nicolay). Evidently one
of the few maritime species. Local and rare.
ancilla Lec. New York (Smith).
varians Lec. Staten Island, VI, 30,on flowers of wild parsnip
(Davis). I ama little in doubt as to correctness of determination
as specimens at hand are old and greasy.
grammica Lec. Jamaica (Nicolay), Floral Park, VI, 25
(Schott), always rare Staten Island, on flowers of wild parsnip
(Davis).
impatiens Lec. New York, rare (Smith).
tuficeps Lec. Staten Island, VIII, to (Davis).
splendens Smith. Staten Island, VIII, 29, “on Spartina”
(Davis). Very: local but evidently not rare where found. A
species of Southern range, preferring maritime regions.
pustulata Melsh. Common throughout State.
morula Lec. Staten Island (Leng). West Point, VI, 4
(Davis). A good insect to take.
marginalis Say. Common throughout State.
schauppi Smith. New York (Smith).
pubescens Fab. Common everywhere.
liturata Melsh. Jamaica (Nicolay), Aqueduct, VII, 27 (Shoe-
maker), Staten Island (Davis).
fuscata Melsh. New York (Smith).
pityptera Lec. Catskill Mts., VIII, 3 (Nicolay). A very rare
insect heretofore recorded only from Pa. and Texas.
32 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
cinereofasciata Smith. New York (Smith).
attenuata Say. New York (Smith).
discolor Melsh. Staten Island, VII, 23 (Shoemaker).
Ts ae aT
THECLA SYLVINUS AND ALLIED SPECIES.
By WiLiiAmM PuHILiips Comstock, Newark, N. J.
1. Thecla sylvinus, Bdvl., 1852. Region of San Francisco, Cal.
Var. itys, Edw., 1882. Prescott, Arizona.
Var. putnami, Hy. Edw., 1876. Utah.
. T. dryope, Edw., 1870. California.
3. T. acadica, Edw., 1862. Eastern States.
Syn. souhegan, Whitney, 1868.
4. T. californica, Edw., 1862. California.
Syn. borus, Bdvl., 1869. ‘California.
Syn. cygnus, Edw., 1871. Nevada.
iS)
The recent appearance of M. Oberthtr’s paper figuring the
Boisduval types furnishes an opportunity for the revision of that
group of Theclas about which considerable ignorance has existed
since the days of W. H. Edwards and Henry Edwards who de-
scribed the majority of the species.
T. sylvinus, the first species of the group to be described, has
never until now been figured, and has not been recognized by
American entomologists, a fact that W. H. Edwards remarked
upon in his Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of 1884. I have
specimens from Pasadena, Cal., Summit, Cal., and one male cap-
tured by Henry Edwards, labeled Sierra Nevada, Cal., which are
quite typical; also a series from Jemez Springs, New Mexico, and
Verdi, Nevada, which are slightly more ruddy above than the type.
I have listed T. itys as a variety of sylvinus. It was described
from one male and two females from Prescott, Ariz., and there
were apparently more specimens before the author when he made
his description. I have a male metatype bearing W. H. Edwards’
label which is curiously marked a female. Dr. Holland in his
“ Butterfly Book” figures a male which he also calls a female,
April, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 33
probably because so labeled by Edwards. Jtys is distinguished by
being mouse-colored above with little or no trace of the fulvous
suffusion into which typical sylzimus runs. It is identical with
sylvinus below. It appears hardly worthy of a varietal name.
T. putnami I have studied from a series of over 200 specimens
from Provo City, Utah. It varies remarkably, but maintains cer-
tain constant characters which differentiate it consistently from
sylvinus. The males vary on the upper side from specimens
moderately suffused with fulvous at the anal angle and along the
wing margins of primaries and secondaries, to plain dark mouse-
colored specimens. The females vary similarly except that they
tend toward a greater amount of fulvous suffusion. On the under
side of both wings the median row of spots varies from a row of
heavy spots to an almost complete disappearance of spots. There
is a constant character of differentiation between putnami and
sylvinus to be found in the paleness and diffusion of the anal patch
of blue scales beneath on the secondaries and the constant diminu-
tive size of the orange spot near the margin between veins VII,
and VII,. This often consists of no more than a dozen scales in
putnami, whereas in sylvinus there is a well-defined patch which
usually covers an area I mm. in diameter. I think putnam
worthy of a varietal name.
Mr. Wright in “ Butterflies of the West Coast” shows figures
of a butterfly under the name of dryope, the coloring of which is
paler than typical sylvinus. This may be another variety or a
local race, as the specimens are from the mountains. It is not
drvope.
In Mr. Wright’s “ Butterflies of the West Coast” figures 309,
309a and 311 agree with my determination of male itys except
that they are generally darker than my specimens. His 311b and
31Ic are female putnami I believe.
Of T. dryope, Edwards, I know very little except for the meta-
types, male and female, in the American Museum of Natural
History, and one male which I possess taken in Marin County,
Cal. It is a distinctly tailless form and in that respect differs from
all the other forms in the group. It is allied to 7. sylvinus more
closely than to the two following species. Mr. Wright figures
sylvinus under this name.
34 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.IX
T. acadica, Edwards, is the eastern representative. It ranges
from the middle states northward to Canada and westward to
Nebraska, Idaho and Montana. It exhibits minor variations in
different localities, but I have always found it recognizable. The
figures in Holland’s “ Butterfly Book” and elsewhere are reliable.
T. californica is also distinct, being a well characterized species,
richly marked and considerably variable. It is not correctly
figured in Mr. Wright’s “ Butterflies of the West Coast”; the
insect he figures as californica agrees best with itys.
In studying the Theclas, the value of examining old and worn
material in conjunction with fresh specimens has been impressed
upon me. I believe that much confusion has occurred in litera-
ture from the naming of worn specimens, and that many doubtful
species will be cleared up when proper comparisons are made. I
have seen many types which are worn, old specimens, often with
the marking nearly obliterated. Descriptions made from such
material are dangerous and are apt to be very misleading. There-
fore I find it of great value to have flown and naturally battered
specimens for comparison, as they often give a clue. It is regret-
table to have such material figured as that presented in Mr.
Wright’s book, the poor specimens combined with the mechanical
defects of the three-color process giving incorrect color values
and misinformation. The comparison of fresh and worn speci-
mens of a species broadens one’s conception of that species and
helps to an understanding of the variable collection of individuals
grouped under the name of a species. In working over this group
of Theclas I have first tried to determine what the insects were
which the various authors described and then to relate them as
correctly as possible. I have seen the material in New York,
Brooklyn, Philadelphia and Washington, rich in types, paratypes
and topotypes, and have made comparisons with my own identifi-
cations for accuracy.
THE DRAGONFLY ANAX LONGIPES ON LONG ISLAND, N. Y.
By Wit.iam T. Davis, New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y.
In the list of dragonflies of the vicinity of New York City
published in the Journal of the New York Entomological Society,
April, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 35
Vol. XXI, March, 1913, Anax longipes Hagen is recorded from
four localities. The insect seems to be rare in collections, for
after the appearance of the list three letters were received asking
for specimens or concerning the species.
Some years ago Mr. and Mrs. Frederick F. Hunt, of New York
City, collected for me in the month of March a number of ex-
amples of this species about a little pond near Pass Christian,
Miss., and they have informed me that the insect was exceedingly
abundant at the time.
Commenting on the records for the vicinity of New York City,
Mr. Charles Dury, of Cincinnati, Ohio, wrote under date of April
23, 1913, ‘I was surprised that you have taken Anax longipes.
I saw one once at Spring Grove Cemetery here and devoted a part
of two days trying to catch it. It sailed up and down the lake, at
times coming within a few feet of me, but I never got a stroke at
it. I finally got a permit to shoot it, but when I went there with
the gun, the bird had flown! I never saw another and this is the
only record for Ohio.”
Im Whe Ohio Naturalist, Vol. XIV, p. 219, Dec., 1913, Me:
Rees Philpott records the capture of a male Anawx longipes, July
25, 1913, about one half mile south of Lake Laboratory, Cedar
Point, Sandusky, Ohio. On the same page of The Ohio Natural-
ist, Prof. James S. Hine, in ‘‘ A Note on Anaxr longipes Hagen,”
refers to Mr. Philpott’s capture, also to Mr. Dury’s published
record in the Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History,
Vol. XIX, p. 169, concerning the Spring Grove individual seen
on June 2, 1898, and continues as follows: “ Anax longipes may
be considered a tropical species by preference, for most specimens
have been taken well South, however, its range is from Brazil to
Massachusetts. Its capture is recorded from Brazil, 15 degrees
south of the Equator, while the Massachusetts locality is 42 de-
grees north of the Equator. It does not appear that more than a
score of specimens are in the collections of the world.”
In view of the above statements it may not be uninteresting to
mention some of the facts concerning the local records. On June
5, 1881, a male was collected in Clove Valley, Staten Island, N. Y.,
while it was resting on a large boulder in an opening in the woods
not far from a pond. Near the same locality a male was seen on
36 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society ol.1X
August 9, 1885, and another on August 2, 1908. Also in 1908, a
male was seen at Lakehurst, N. J., July 11, and another at Yap-
hank, Long Island, N. Y., July 26. A male has also been seen
about a pond near Orange, N. J. These records have been pub-
lished in the Journal of the New York Entomological Society in
1898 and 1913.
On June 25, 1913, I visited Long Pond, which lies two miles
south of the village of Wading River, Long Island, where 1 saw
more living Anax longipes together than on any previous occasion.
There were about six males and three females along the margin
of the pond particularly where there was some vegetation in the
water. The males were flying up and down, often making ex-
cursions a short distance inland. One captured a lepidopterous
insect and flew with it to a secluded place among the low oaks on
the hillside. I saw one female laying eggs among the water
plants in Long Pond, and two others similarly engaged in one of
the small ponds about one hundred feet in diameter lying to the
South, but close to the main pond. The females sometimes
entirely immersed their abdomens, and under such conditions must
‘run considerable risk of being devoured by fish and turtles. The
colors of the female in life are not nearly as bright as those of
the male, whose brick red abdomen and bright green thorax and
head make a beautiful and striking contrast as the insect darts
about in the sunlight, or poises itself at a safe distance and con-
templates its would-be collector.
One of the females at Long Pond was captured on the wing
and a note made of her colors in life. The front, eyes and thorax
are bright green. The abdomen has the first two segments green,
and the succeeding seven mottled with brown and green. Five
segments have each six spots of green more or less well defined,
four of them observable from above and two from beneath.
Segments eight and nine have on the dorsal surface but one spot
each on either side of the abdomen and one spot each on either
side on the ventral surface. Segment ten is brownish above and
a little lighter beneath.
On June 28, 1913, I visited Wyandanch, Long Island, and saw
four male Anayr longipes flying about the pond that lies to the
eastward of the village. One of them chased a Pyrameis atalanta
April, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 37
butterfly that was crossing the pond and nearly knocked it into
the water in its efforts to capture it; the butterfly, however, beat
a hasty retreat to the shore. As it commenced to rain about II
a.m, the dragonflies retired to some sheltered place.
It will be seen from the foregoing that Anax longipes is not
an uncommon dragonfly on Long Island during some years at
least, though it is not very easy to capture. It is a conspicuous
object, however, and can hardly be confused with any other of
our native species.
THE EARLY FRENCH COLEOPTERISTS.
By R. P. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y.
(Concluded from page 13.)
A soldier of Napoleon never rusted out. He wore out. Eye-
sight and general health stopped Dejean’s work. Another enemy
was finance. He had been living beyond his means. The Dejean
collection was offered for sale, partly from a natural pique, as
he fancied for the minute that he hated the life work of forty
years which he could no longer see, and partly because he could
not afford to give it away. The French Government considered
its purchase, but with the ingratitude and dilatoriness of an ap-
proaching republic. The collection was finally sold in parts, the
various families becoming widely scattered. The Carabidz went
to Baron Chaudoir, thence to René Oberthtir, of Rennes, France.
The Lepidoptera were divided by Rev. Francis Hope and Bois-
‘duval. The Gallerucini were bought by the Marquis de Bremes,
whence they passed to the permanent custody of the Museum of
Turin; the Hispini went to L. Reiche to be resold years later to
the Marquis de la Ferté; the Eumolpini and Halticini were bought
by the Marquis Spinola; in turn they appeared in the Manner-
heim collection; La Ferté had also at one time some of the Cara-
bide, all the Scarabzidz, and some others; Chevrolat took the
Cerambycide; Lacordaire bought the Erotylide; many of the
Tenebrionidz went to the Museum of Lyons; the Cassidini were
bought direct by Mannerheim; the Meloidz turned up many years
later in the collection of Fred Bates in England, that gentleman
38 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society ol. 1X
giving a couple of types to Dr. Hornin 1890. La Fertéhad atone
time possession of the Elateridz, and Spinola the Staphylinide.
The fate of the Rhynchophora cannot be learned from the avail-
able records. The water beetles, including all American types, be-
long to M. Oberthur.
His collection dispersed, this poor soldier and statesman found
time heavy on his hands. He had his name proposed for mem-
bership in the Entomological Society, something which he had
refused for five years. He attended meetings and published a
few unimportant papers in the annals. The first coleopterist of
the world was nothing without his collection. He watched the
world progress beyond his reach and died in 1845.
Another gentleman has left his mark on the page of history,
who can only be considered by himself, rather than a member of
a body of science. The work of Ambroise M. F. J. Palisot de
Beauvois seems to have been done largely aloof from the other
coleopterists of the time. It covers his own collection, acquired
from 1781 to 1797 from Africa, San Domingo and other West
Indies, and the United States. Publication of the folio describ-
ing it was begun in 1805. His death in 1820 left it incomplete,
and it was finished in the following year by Audinet-Serville.
This elaborate work had only 267 pages of text but had 90
colored plates done with as much skill as the mechanical ability
of the day afforded. His American species still in the check-list
are thirty-one.
The Museum of Paris, which missed the ee of becoming
the first in the world in importance by acquiring the Dejean col-
lection, was nevertheless second only to that of Berlin. Its earlier
collections of insects were disgracefully neglected. M. Lamarck,
an eminent scientist, was for many years the Director, but he
was no Entomologist. Tens of thousands of insects remained
for years in their original alcohol bottles. It had the whole col-
lection of Dubosc, with the original labels of Fabricius. It had
all the insects of Olivier from Persia and nearby Eastern Asia.
When Lamarck died in 1830, Latreille was his successor. He, in
turn, suffered under two great handicaps. “Facile Princeps”
was the title given to him by acclaim on all sides, but old age was
upon him, and, moreover, his was that retiring disposition which
April, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 39
could never ask for help, much less favors. He could not clean
the Augean stables. In 1833 Prof. J. V. Audouin,* who filled
the Chair of Entomology in the Jardin des Plantes, was called to
take the place of the great master. Audouin was primarily a
hustler. In the first place he asked for the appointment of a first
assistant, Auguste Brullé, who subsequently became Professor of
Zoology at Dijon and a recognized master of the science. A sec-
ond addition to the staff was Hippolyte Lucas, who also arrived
at fame in later years, studying all orders. A little later a youth
of 17 was employed to mount and arrange specimens. This was
Emile Blanchard, whose subsequent reputation is no less. This
quartet made the arrangements of the Entomological collections
under the general plan still in use.
It was a foregone conclusion that the home of Latreille should
develop a following in the study of natural science. The num-
ber of entomologists was especially large. A common meeting
place became a matter of the utmost importance. Largely through
the efforts of Alexandre Lefebvre, a well to do amateur, the
Entomological Society of France was formed, the first of its kind.
Dues were made low and included the projected Annals. This
publication was started as soon as the Society was formed, is
prominent today and will continue so after the present generation
is long since forgotten. The Society itself made arrangements
with the Department of Agriculture for a subsidy, which makes it
the richest in the world. Its early members include all the great
names of France. By acclamation Latreille was elected the first
president. He did not live out the year of his office. His fellow
members laid him to rest in Pere la Chaise, and erected a mont-
ment over him. On its top was carved a Necrobia ruficollis.
In the new Society was Charles Aubé, born in Paris 1802, a
gentleman of independent means, a physician, who was the first
treasurer. His first experiences were in connection with the
Dejean collection. He monographed the Pselaphide. In later
years he became the best authority on the water beetles, describ-
ing Dejean’s material with a clearness never since excelled. Du-
ponchel, Dejean’s early friend, was vice-president. He mono-
graphed the Erotylide from the Dejean material, but in after
* Cf. Omus aud ouini Reiche.
40 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.IX
years turned Lepidopterist. Jean Theodore Lacordaire was as-
sistant secretary. This young man, bred to the law, felt the
qanderlust and made two trips to Brazil and Buenos Ayres. He
devoted the rest of his life to working over the material collected
on these trips. His Introduction to Entomology, published in
1834, was immature. He gave unlimited credit to Kirby and
Spence, but frankly confessed ignorance of German, which pre-
vented him from reading the great works of that nation. In 1859
he published his Genera of Coleoptera, which the world regarded
as authority until the Leconte and Horne classification. J. G.
Audinet-Serville was Curator. This scientist devoted all his time
to Entomology, confining himself to no one order. He completed
the work of Beauvois. With Ch. J. B. Amyot, a Paris lawyer, he
monographed the Hemiptera for the Suites a Buffon, a subject
previously written on by the Marquis Spinola. Among his new
genera as many as possible were named for that nobleman, the
name Spinola being transformed into the maximum number of
anagrams. It seems that the Marquis had his sweetheart, There-
sina by name. He made his generic names as far as possible from
anagrams of this word. He edited, with Lepelletier de St. Far-
geatl, an extensive work on the fauna of France. Several works
on the Orthoptera followed. The achievement which makes him
prominent in our check-list was a Classification of the Ceram-
bycidz, which was prepared for the first volume of the Annals.
This work included three species and forty-one genera which
survive.
Dr. J. A. Boisduval, the great Lepidopterist, was a charter
member of the Society and incidentally named one American
beetle. Lucien Buquet was a clerk in the Ministry of Marine.
He liked the Cerambycide best of all, and, like many others,
made a regular business of selling his duplicates, especially rich in
specimens from Senegal and Java. De Saulcy, who has a men-
tion in the check-list, was a Lieutenant of Artillery and had a
good ‘collection from Peru, Asta) Minor) (Greece;(ctes Fe deweza-
porte, eldest son of the Count of Castelnau, and himself later
succeeding to the title, had a splendid general collection. He
described. many Hemiptera but his greatest work was on Cole-
optera with Gory. Chevalier Gory himself was a Captain of
April, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 41
Cavalry, and had a collection almost second to that of Dejean,
numbering over 18,000 species, mostly exotic. His monograph,
collaborating with Percheron on the Cetoniz, is still famous.
Auguste Chevrolat holds one of the most conspicuous places in
our check-list. He was head accountant in the Octroi service of
Paris. His beetles were almost as many as those of Gory. Alex-
andre Leseur, who figures in the check-list, was in Mexico for
five years collecting constantly. His immense material was bought
by Chevrolat and Dupont, the latter taking the Rhynchophora.
Thus Chevrolat obtained nearly 5,000 species. Leseur also had a
fair collection made around Philadelphia. Chevrolat also had
one of the best Libraries in Europe. After his death his collec-
tion was sold piecemeal, and his types too scattered to trace.
Dr. Leon Dufour, by his fame made an honorary member, was
not primarily a Coleopterist. Duméril lived to the age of 84,
always an active member. Dupont cannot be distinguished in the
check-list from Duponchel. He was a tutor to the Princes of the
Royal family. After his death, his Rhynchophora went to Jekel,
who bequeathed them to the British Museum. His other beetles
were bought by Count Mniszeck. Foudras was a professional
Entomologist at Lyons. He created Epitrix and other important
genera. Achille Guénée, the great authority on the Noctuidae,
had also a good collection of beetles which was never neglected.
Felix E. Guérin-Menéville excelled as an engraver. He became
famous first from his plates for Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom, which
appeared from 1829, and of which there were 450 in color. He
designed and published from 1831 his own Magazine of Zoology,
with a primary purpose of affording a vehicle for the descriptions
of new species. This work never lacked famous contributors
and was a serious rival to the Annals. After 1845 Guerin al-
lowed his magazine to pass into other hands and contributed con-
stantly to the Annals. A complete set of the Magazine is a
literary treasure than which there is no greater to an entomologist.
Lanier, for whom Arrhipis lanieri Guér. is named, lived in
Havana and described Cuban beetles. Count Le Pelletier had
the best collection of Hymenoptera of his time. P. M. H. Lor-
quin was a local amateur. His son settled in San Francisco and
became a dealer in insects, a number being named for him. F.
42 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
M. J. Luczot, Chief Engineer of Bridges in the Government
service, has species named for him but was not a describer.
Achille Percheron was a member of a wealthy Norman family,
who had a fine library and wrote freely for Guérin’s Magazine.
Felipe Poey, Father of Cuban Entomology, was a Parisian by
education. So was Ménétries, head of the St. Petersburg Mu-
seum. L. Reiche was a retired officer of public health at Paris,
later becoming a banker. Chas. Rey was a naval lieutenant, sta-
tioned at Toulon. Theodore Roger, who had one of the most
notable collections of the time, about 15,000 species of Coleoptera
and 10,000 of Lepidoptera, was the head of a banking and wine
house at Bordeaux.
Auguste Sallé was not a member until much later. His
widowed mother organized a syndicate of backers for an ento-
mological trip through Mexico. There were three in the party
and in-three years they sent home over 30,000 insects, mostly
beetles. Capt. Solier lived in Marseilles and depended on the
Dejean collection for his early works. Baron Walkenaér, Presi-
dent of the Society for 1835, was the best authority in the world
at this time on spiders.
There are other great French names in Coleoptera, but it is
evident that the greatest were those which had to do with the
formation of the Entomological Society of France and its early
days.
PROCEEDINGS BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
The regular meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held
at the Children’s Museum, February 12, 1914, called to order by President
Davis. Six members present. The secretary being absent, the minutes of
previous meeting were not read. The treasurer reported Society funds
$459.59 and Bulletin account deficit $4.59. Mr. Torre-Bueno, on behalf of
the Editorial Board of the New York State List of Insects, reported on a
meeting held February 7, at which blanks to be used for insect records
were distributed. These blanks have been left with Mr. Schaeffer from
whom all members are asked to get a supply.
Mr. Torre-Bueno recorded the following Hemiptera caught on Long
Island: from Forest Park, June 27, 1903, Alydus eurinus, A. pilosulus,
Archimerus calcarator, Mineus strigipes, Geocoris ater, Calocoris rapidus,
Poectilocapsus lineatus ; on November 7, 1903, Notonecta insulata, N. undu-
lata, Belostoma flumineum, Lethocerus americanus; from Richmond Hill,
April, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 43
Notonecta irrorata and N. undulata. Mr. Olsen recorded from Rocka-
way Beach, October 5, 1912, Ceraleptus americanus and Anasa armigera,
collected by Mr. Schott. Mr. Davis read a paper on “ Anax Longipes on
Long Island,” printed in this number of the BuLLetTIn. He also recorded
Celithemis monomelaena from Wading River, June 25, 1913. Mr. Torre-
Bueno on “Phototropism in Heteroptera” reviewed briefly the available
records of captures at light. These showed only a total of 59 species,
the small number being, no doubt, due to lack of observation. He also
exhibited a collection of beautiful Heteroptera made by Mr. J. M. Geddes
in British Guiana, containing 29 species, including three new, all taken at
light. A more detailed account is to be prepared for publication. Mr.
Weeks’ paper on “Insect Conservation” was postponed until the next
meeting.
The annual meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held
at 185 Brooklyn Ave., January 15, 1914, with President Davis in the chair —
and seventeen members present.
Mr. Weeks reported on the condition of the Library and publications
in storage, stating that the supply of Vol. 4 of the Entomologica was ex-
hausted. An inventory is being taken, and he promised to deliver to the
secretary a supply of all saleable publications at an early date. The
audited report of the Treasurer was approved.
The following tenders of resignations were read: Michael Weiss, H.
G. Barber, S. C. Wheat, and Dr. Frank E. Lutz.
Report of the Librarian accepted. The election of officers was by a
single ballot cast by the Secretary: President, Wm. T. Davis; Vice-
President, Wm. T. Bather; Treasurer, Chris. E. Olsen; Recording and
Corresponding Secretary, R. P. Dow; Librarian, A. C. Weeks; Curator,
Geo. Franck; Publication Committee, Chas. Schaeffer, J. R. de la Torre-
Bueno, and the Recording Secretary; Member of the Executive Com-
mittee, J. R. dela Torre-Bueno. The president appointed Chas. E. Sleight
as Delegate to the Council of the Academy of Sciences; and F. M. Schott
and F. Conrad Pasch as the Field Committee.
Mr. Schaeffer reported that a Philonthus from Bellport taken by Mr.
Nicolay is probably cruentatus, a European species. Another Philonthus
from Long Island, taken by Mr. Shoemaker, corresponds most nearly to
P. atratus, a boreal species. Mr. Davis showed some Lepidoptera of Mr.
Nicolay’s catch, the prize among which was an Apantesis figurata, beaten
from scrub oak at Bellport, which had much less red in the primaries than
the typical form. Mr. Schaeffer reported Erebus odora from Miller’s
Place, L. I., taken by Arthur Helme, the ornithologist. Mr. Schott
exhibited two boxes of rare insects, notable among which were: Amnestus
spinifrons from Rockaway; Perilloides exaptus, Pangaeus bilineatus;
Largus succinctus; Ectrichodia cruciata; Melanolestes abdominalis and
picipes; Leptura abdominalis 2 (from Lakehurst) ; Hammaticherus me-xi-
canus from Classon Point, N. Y., a Mexican species (not recently recorded
even from southernmost Texas, and, of course, an accidental introduc-
44 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.1X
tion) ; Centrodera picta from Ft. Montgomery, N. Y.; Pomphopaea aenea
from Ft. Montgomery (we have Long Island recards also) ; Ceratographis
biguttata, a scarce insect even at home, Kentucky and southward; Phy-
matodes infuscatus from Wyandanch; Myodites stylopides from Hunt-
ington; Myodites luteipennis from Ft. Montgomery; Amara rubrica with
a long slender fungus growth from its abdomen under one elytron; Leu-
caspis affinis parasite on a Megachile; a Chlaenius with a long Gordius
worm; Catocala micronympha from Lakehurst; an aberrant Vanessa an-
tiopa with the blue markings entirely obliterated; an albinic Cecropia with
the rufous bands covering over half the secondaries; Pelecinus poly-
turator, d and Q.
Mr. Olsen showed a Ranatra kirkaldyi taken by Mr. Wintersteiner in
July at Totowa, N. J., the first actual record for that State. He spoke
of collecting experiences at Honesdale, Pa., and showed a box of the
insects, which will be mentioned in detail later. Mr. Engelhardt sug-
gested that for a future meeting a leader be chosen to take up a group
of genera at a time, to collect and classify our records for the State list
and, our own Long Island list. The meeting ended in informal discussion
over refreshments.
R. PP: Dow, Seeye
SHORT STUDIES IN GEOMETRIDA—NO. 3.
By RicHarD F. PEARSALL, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Nyctobia limitaria Walker.
= lobophorata Walk.
= fusifasciata Walk.
=longipennis Walk.
var. reifi Swett.
anguilineata Grote.
nigroangulata Strecker.
Agia viridata Packard.
Of limitaria my series comprises over two hundred specimens,
exhibiting every phase of variation. These were separated into
five distinctive groups, and from a male of each group genitalic
mounts were prepared. These show a great resemblance in all
parts, one to the other, so that the conclusion is forced upon us
that we are here dealing with but one extremely variable species.
Angulineata, which shows a somewhat different pattern in its
colors and markings, also shows a distinct difference in the shape
BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SociETY Vot. IX. PLATE 2.
PEARSALL: STUDIES IN GEOMETRIDA.
oo Cee
ace
April, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 45
and position of the uncas, the claspers and harpes, as well as in
other parts, quite enough to entitle it to specific standing. Nigro-
angulata, our large western species, varies somewhat in markings,
but not nearly to the extent of limitaria. It is quite easily sepa-
rable as a species, and the genitalia bear out this assumption.
Drawings, in part, of the genitalia of each of these species are
here presented to evidence the difference between them; and it is
a very desirable thing to know, for I must confess that I have
always been uncertain as to the exact relation between the forms
of limitaria and anguilineata.
Viridata, a rather rare species in collections, was tentatively
retained in the genus Nyctobia (Can. Ent., vol. 39, p. 371) by the
author. While agreeing with the requirements of that genus in
many respects, there remained the great length of its palpi and
different style of markings, features which did not assimilate.
The drawing here given of its genitalia would indicate a positive
generic separation. There being none that it can enter, though
close to Lobophora, I have restored for it in my own collection,
the genus Agia Hulst, of which under the name of eborata, it
was made the type. In the paper referred to, I also placed
vernata Pack. as a synonym of anguilineata Grote, but the sole
type of vernata, now at Cambridge, is a much worn example of
Cladara atroliturata Walk., and it will be noted, his original de-
scription (5th Rep. Peabody Acad., p. 56) might easily apply to
it. He had then but a single male and female before him, but
in the “ Monograph” he cites three males and three females, his
figure (plate 8, Fig. 13) indicating a form of limitaria. In any
event it is a synonym, and since a type, whether original or not,
is existent, it would best stand under atroliturata.
.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Genitalia of ¢ N. limitaria.
Genitalia of ¢ N. anguilineata.
Genitalia of ¢ Agia viridata.
Genitalia of ¢ N. nigroangulata.
Pee
4 , ‘s
geen
j
OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA
WANTED—Pupe of Papilio ajax and rutulus. Ward’s Natural Sci-
ence Establishment, 84 College Aye., Rochester, N. Y.
All kinds of Chrysalids, Cocoons, and Pupe wanted in exchange for
North American lepidoptera. Address: Herman H. Brehme, 74 Thirteenth
Avenue, Newark, N. J.
Florida Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells,
and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla.
WANTED—No. Am. Cerambycide and Buprestide, especially Agrilus;
will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above
families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass.
The Butterfly Farmer
A monthly magazine for amateur Entomolo-
gists. A comprehensive correspondence course
in Entomology, conducted under the auspices
of the Agassiz Association, will be a leading
feature during the present year. Subscrip-
tion $5.00 per annum, single copies 50 cents.
Names of dealers and purchasers and wants
of subscribers advertised without charge.
Ximena McGlashan,
Publisher and Proprietor,
Truckee, California.
New Jersey Entomological Company
HERMAN H. BREHME, Manager
Dealers in Insects of all Orders. Lepidoptera, Cocoons and Pupe. Life
Histories. Cocoons and Pupae bought. Entomological Supplies, Insect
Pins, Cork, Riker Specimen Mounts, Nets, Spreading Boards, Boxes, etc.
74 THIRTEENTH AVENUE, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY
PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIMIDY:
Sent postpaid on receipt of price by A. C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park
Place, Brooklyn.
THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomol-
ogy, by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by the Kny-Scheerer Co.,
404-410 West 27th St., N. Y. City, and Ward’s Natural Science Establish-
ment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
Cloth bound
Copies bound with interleaves for additions ..............-+..-.+. 2.50
BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
Vols. 1, 2 and 3 are out of print and will be bought at $1.50 each.
Violsi4; tow7 for Ysalevat iper ‘voli heh eee ee ee 1.25
Volime"S) of the Bulletinvtor sale ateeeneee ee eee 1.40
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 each 2,00
PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vol. 1 and 4, each
Let arene 2.00
Vols. 2 and 3 wanted.
SCHAUPP, Synopsis of the Cicindelide, 5 col. plates ........... T.00
OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera ........ 50
UHLER; (Checklist ‘of the Hemipterat- so) s46- oe ee 25
Odd numbers of missing volumes of Papilio and Bulletin wanted at
full proces.
: THE. BROOKLYN
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first
Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at 185
Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00.
OFFICERS, 1914
President -
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
Vice-President
We Ts BATHER
Recording and Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
Treasurer
C,H: OLSEN
Librarian
A.C... WEEKS
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences
CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society
Published in
October, December, February, April and June of each year
Subscription price, $1.00 per year in advance}; single copies
26 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes
and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited.
Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of
publication, additional at cost. Address subscriptions and all
communications to
R. P. DOW, Edutor,
15 Broad Street, New York City.
THE KNY-SCHEERER CO.,
Department of Natural Science
_G. LAGAI, Ph.D.
404=410 West 27th Street New York City
ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS -
North American and exotic insects of all orders
in perfect condition. Single specimens and
collections illustrating mimicry, protective color-
ation, dimorphism, collections of representatives
of the different orders of insects, etc.
Series of specimens illustrating insect life, color
variation, etc. Metamorphoses of insects.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES
Collecting Utensils.
Breeding Apparatus and Cages
for Living Animals.
Preparing and Preserving Uten-
sils.
Cabinets, Insect Cases and Lin-
ing Material.
Magnifiers.
Botanists’ Supplies.
Explorers’ and Collectors’ Camp
Outfits.
Miscellaneous Naturalists’ Sup-
plies.
Oologists’ Supplies.
Aquaria.
Books and Publications.
Chemicals.
Illustrated Catalogues of Biological Supplies and Entomolog-
ical Supplies sent free on application.
Vol. IX JUNE, 1914 No. 3
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY
._ NEW SERIES
4
4 1 am
‘i Mut
, jf & bet |
a ° » i/ r
ee { . .
a PUBLICATION COMMITTEE JL 15 1914
eh \ “
a CHARLES SCHAEFFER, \ //,. seo
‘ a Chairman onal * ¥
ih
J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW,
es Advertising Manager Editor
Published by the Society
Price, 25 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
Ward's Natural Science Fstablishment
84-102 COLLEGE AVENUE, :: :: ROCHESTER, N. Y.
We take pleasure in announcing to the reader of the
Bulletin that we have recently purchased the entire
stock in trade of the American Entomological Co., of
Brooklyn and respectfully solicit your patronage.
Our stock of Lepidoptera is the largest in the world.
We assemble here collections of all kinds, among
which we mention LIFE HISTORIES of ECONOMIC
INSECTS, collections showing MIMICRY AND PRO-
TECTIVE COLORATION as well as large or small
SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS.
We shall continue to manufacture the ONLY GEN-
UINE HAND MADE SCHMITT INSECT BOX
and the well known AMERICAN ENTOMOLOG-
ICAL CO’S INSECT PINS.
Our stock of Laboratory Material for Dissection is
very large and complete.
If you are interested in Entomology and wish to
receive our special lists as they are published, send us
your name for our mailing list.
Our Price List of Entomological Supplies will be
mailed free upon request.
Our Catalogue of Insects (Price 25c.) contains lists
and prices of Lepidoptera, Insect Collections and Lab-
oratory Material.
We are also acting as distributors for Dr. John B.
Smith’s Explanation of Entomological Terms, Price.
$2.00. A necessity to every Entomologist.
Ward’s Natural Science Establishment
Sy aby ae OA Ba By
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Vou. LX JUNE, I914 No. 3
CONTENTS
ENR YeR ROOKIE YIN, EN EOMOLOGISTS; Graef 2.5... .6. os Skies 47
EAEO@ ADO Ee MEM DN OTS: Mialocht co ste ices cts 2c sve% 00 Nese one 50
Mosier HRA SH ROM: U5 S., NAVAS G.jccp hide an tiidece cece eg ene eee 60
EI VAIO IRV IOTBIN Grieg LAN TER, EXISTE TPA ue (ac, a tessa c 'erniaieisce! cual alate. a ule, fate! evs, ohacers 62
PVIRAMELS CARDUL IN “CALIFORNIA, Grinnell): ..998.......- 63
INTE) JIB IRGST ENC MR OT ClO) RDS Ane ke eee Md = 8 Hi Goya 63
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
eNOS Vig FP aiohy Soe rarmtn ne cy gel iho 4 Gas.als.aie's u,f'e0 2 OS & 3 wun ood aR 63
SOME EARLY BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGISTS.
By Epwarp L. Graer, Honorary President of the Brooklyn
Entomological Society.
In 1848 my parents came to the United States from Aix-la-
Chapelle, Germany, with my five brothers and sisters and myself,
the youngest, six years of age. We settled in that part of Brook-
lyn then known as Yellow Hook, now Bay Ridge, where my
father, Henry A. Graef, established himself as a florist. He had
previously been interested in natural history, principally botany,
and upon his arrival here, began making a collection of local
plants.
Several years later we moved to the more central portion of the
city, and subsequently, while attending Prof. Joseph Deghueée’s
school from 1853 to 1858, I formed a close acquaintance with two
schoolfellows, Frederick Tepper and Augustus Radclyffe Grote.
About 1854 we became interested in making collections of insects.
Our inspiration undoubtedly came from a small book, “ Hand-
buch fur Schmetterlingsliebhaber,” von J. W.’Meigen,* published
in Aix-la-Chapelle in 1827. This gave us much information about
* This volume by Meigen, the great Dipterest, while, in a way a “pot
boiler,” was as good foundation to beginners as Europe afforded. It was
octavo, 218 pages of text and 16 plates.
48 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
the preparation and preservation of insects. In those days we had
no knowledge of cyanide bottles, chloroform, or carbon bisulphide
for preservation. We had to use methods of killing which, much
to my subsequent regret, not only hampered our work but were
highly repugnant to us on account of their cruelty. Equipped
with the usual outfit of nets, cigar boxes, pill boxes and pins, we
resorted as often as possible to the suburbs of the then relatively
small city of Brooklyn. One favorite collecting spot was a vege-
table garden, where now is the junction of Flatbush Ave. and Ful-
ton St. Fort Greene Hill, now Washington Park, was another
nice wild place. Then, there was the meadow, or sheep pasture,
-now part of Prospect Park, at that time often devoted to pigeon
shooting. Occasionally we took long trips to East New York,
Bay Ridge and Parkville, as well as the many intervening unpopu-
lated localities. Grote lived with his parents at New Dorp, Staten
Island, where during the summer, he bred many specimens of
Lepidoptera and gained considerable knowledge thereby of their
earlier stages. I often accompanied him home and passed much
time at his house. A keen rivalry arose between the three of us,
but later Grote and I decided to form a joint collection. To
guard against dispute we marked our respective specimens with
our initials, A. and E., as our family names began with the same
letter. This arrangement was however, of brief duration, as a
violent quarrel ensued, resulting in a division of specimens and
reéstablishment of separate collections. We soon became recon-
ciled and the trio devoted ourselves assiduously to collecting until
we had very considerable numbers stored away in the customary
cigar boxes. We attempted to arrange them according to some
system, but were greatly handicapped by inability to get identifi-
cations of our material. The only collection to which we had
access was insignificant and sadly out of repair in the then so-called
Graham Institute on Washington St., the site of which is now
occupied by the approach to the Brooklyn Bridge. This institu-
tion was the nucleus of the present Brooklyn Institute of Arts &
Sciences. In its small library the only work on entomology was
“Insects of New York” by Dr. E. Emmons, being vol. 5 the
Agriculture of New York, issued in 1854. The information in
this was entirely too limited for our requirements, as we had many
June, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 49
butterflies not even mentioned. The Graham Institute also
possessed a collection of insects. It represented all orders, was
very incomplete even in our local species and in a very dilap-
idated condition. Few, other than the larger and more showy
species were named and subsequently it was almost useless for
reference.
When the Brooklyn Historical Society moved to its present
quarters on Pierrepont St., about 1865, an effort was made to
form a collection of insects. J became very enthusiastic about the
project and was prepared to devote all my spare time to it, hop-
ing to become its curator. To my disappointment this honor was
conferred on Mr. Harvey J. Rich, who was too busy to give
much attention to it, and in poor health, dying a few years later.
The collection reached only its incipient stage and in due time
became a prey to vermin.* From all this it can be readily in-
ferred under what disadvantages our early students were laboring.
One may readily appreciate our delight about this time in dis-
covering a man of great value to us, from whom we learned much
about rearing specimens, etc., besides being able to buy from him
good insect pins,j nets, setting boards, and other entomological
supplies. This important personage was the late John Ackhurst,
who then lived in Prospect St., where now stands the anchorage
of Brooklyn Bridge. I shall never forget his genial, good-natured
greeting, “ Good morning, lads,” as the trio of us stepped inside
his door. He appeared to me then about the same as he looked
thirty years later, with long hair, great goggle spectacles, smooth
shaven, the head surmounted by a square paper cap.t He took a
fatherly interest in us and gave us much valuable information
about collecting. For more than fifty years he took pride in
breeding Lepidoptera, particularly rare Sphingide and Bomby-
cide, and his success in this respect induced the United States
Agricultural Department to send to him 100 pupe of Platysamia
* A portion of it is still preserved in the rooms of the Historical Society,
and while of little value yet contains some things of interest—Ed.
+ German entomological pins were first brought to New York by Nan-
ning Kloster in 1842.—Ed.
~Mr. Ackhurst had long, flowing hair, which made him look very con-
spicuous. He explained to me that this was because he used great quanti-
ties of arsenic in his work as a taxidermist and his long hair kept the
poison from entering his system.—E. L. G.
50 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
cynthia with a view to testing their availability as a substitute for
the better known silkworm, Bombyx mori. He bred them in cap-
tivity for three years, then liberated a number on the ailanthus
trees, from which undoubtedly all specimens found in this region
are descended.*
Although Ackhurst had an extensive acquaintance among en-
tomologists everywhere, he did not join the Brooklyn Society
until many years later, and it was partly on his account that the
meeting night was changed. He seemed to enjoy the meetings
greatly and participated enthusiastically in the discussions, to
which he added much by his knowledge and experience. He died
at his home, 78 Ashland Pl., Feb. 15, 1902, lacking a few days of
87 years of age. While he gave much attention to entomology,
he was more interested in ornithology, taxidermy being his chosen
profession. His insect collection was bought after his death by
the Chicago University.
Several years after my first meeting with Ackhurst we heard of
another man, heralded as learned, with a large collection, and
Grote and I met him. His name was Jung. At the appointed
hour we came to his house with bundles of boxes with unnamed
specimens. ‘To our consternation he was no better posted than
ourselves, as his labels were mainly “ Sphinx?,” ‘‘ Geometer ?,”
“Arctia?,” etc., which we already knew. Shortly after this I
made the acquaintance of an old Englishman who had a large
collection of insects, and, what was much more important, an
extensive, valuable entomological library. He lived on Ryerson
st., near Fulton, and collected in all orders, having a large her-
barium as well. He was smooth shaven, with a long thin, pointed
nose, spectacled and spoke with a strong London accent. This
* The ailanthus, the tree from China on which the caterpillars which
provide the pongee silk of commerce feed, was planted in Brooklyn about
1866 as a substitute to shade trees infested with span worm pest, the
Ennomos subsignaria. H. A. Graef was the pioneer in asking for spray-
ing the trees with poison. An appropriation of $25,000 for this purpose
was defeated in the Board of Aldermen. A physician of Newark advo-
cated importing the English sparrow for the same purpose. This was
done, and, whatever may now be said to the detriment of the bird, it did
its work. The shade tree span worm has never since been a nuisance in
the cities, although three years ago the whole city was white with them
one September night, brought by the wind.
June, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 51
was Stephen H. Calverley. I shall never forget the many happy
hours I spent among his treasures.* I well remember that he
had a specimen of Catocala relicta, mounted in a separate small
glass-covered box, as one of his greatest rarities. This had been
twice sent to Europe for exhibition and was the only specimen
known to us. My friendship with Mr. Calverley was forwarded
by the fact that my father had quite a large European herbarium
and he stipulated that he would exchange for exotic Lepidoptera,
mostly from China, which were to be turned over to me. These
and other exotics which Mr. Calverley possessed were obtained by
him from sailors employed on the vessels controlled by Moses
Taylor & Co., where Mr. Calverley was employed as weighmaster,
which position brought him in contact with seafaring men from
almost every port. The Chinese specimens were bought from the
natives, who arranged them in glass-covered boxes. All orders
were included, and they were intended for display as. curiosities
only.
Mr. Calverley together with W. H. Edwards and Mr. Weiden-
meyer, undertook to publish a monograph on the Sphingide. The
plates were issued but the mss. were never completed, in fact it
is doubtful whether they were ever begun. This work was in-
tended for distribution only among museums and similar institu-
tions, and consequently only 150 copies of the plates were printed.
Three copies were to be colored for the three authors and the bal-
ance to be distributed uncolored. The plates were destroyed. Al-
though I would have been willing to pay a comparatively exorbi-
tant sum for a copy, Mr. Calverley flatly refused to let me have
one, at which I was greatly chagrined. Mr. Calverley intended
that his collection should go to the British Museum, but before he
made arrangements to that end he became deranged, having be-
come quite old, and was taken to an institution in Auburn, N. Y.,
where he died. Subsequently his heirs donated his collections,
together with the plates of the Sphingide, to the Brooklyn Insti-
tute of Arts & Sciences.*
* The Calverley collection was merged with the great general collection
of the Brooklyn Institute, including all of Mr. Graef’s own types, all the
Neumogen treasures, and more. The specimen which stands out pre-
eminently still is the type of Papilio calverleyi Grote.
* Mr. Calverley was of very secretive disposition. From the way he
52 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
About the time of my first meeting with Calverley I formed
the acquaintance of Hermann Strecker, of Reading, Pa. I was
surprised to learn what an extensive collection he possessed. He
had many correspondents in various parts of the world, so we
benefited mutually by exchanges. Strecker was by profession a
sculptor, but as that art was not then greatly in demand, he found
it more lucrative to do tombstone lettering. Of comparatively re-
stricted means, by the most rigid self-denial he accumulated one
of the grandest collections of Lepidoptera in the country, publish-
ing numerous papers and describing numerous species. His writ-
ings are quite humerous, especially in reference to Grote, with
~whom he was often on any but friendly terms. His language, not
always Chesterfieldian, was pungent, witty and entertaining. He
died quite suddenly, November 30, 1901.
Through Prof. Spencer F. Baird, secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution at Washington, I learned the name and address of Prof.
J. A. Lintner, later state entomologist of New York. I opened
correspondence with him and obtained two specimens of Pieris
oleracee, then a great rarity. Through the further kindness of
Prof. Baird I received a copy of the “Synopsis of North Ameri-
can Lepidoptera”? by Rev. John G. Morris, of Baltimore. This
was a valuable acquisition to us as it was the most important work
to date in systematic arrangement of the order, and, though incom-
plete, it constituted a basis for the formation of synoptic tables.
It furnished Grote with many ideas and principles pertaining to
identification, and he shortly afterwards began describing new
species, or what he supposed to be such. One of the first species
which he named was Diphthera graefii in my honor, but it subse-
quently proved to be a synonym of Acronycta innotata. Grote was
lived and the valuable books he bought he should have been a man of
wealth. Singular to state, he left a very small estate and his heirs made
inquiries of me as to whether I might give a clue to some of his invest-
ments, lest he might have deposited funds in places of which he left no
record —E. L. G.
Mr. Calverley was a tory, also an economist. For many years he em-
ployed a neighboring barber. When, during the war the price of a shave
was raised generally from six to ten cents, he bought razors and thereafter
shaved himself. He regularly took a horse car from De Kalb to Grand
St. ferry. When the price was raised from five to six cents he walked and
never took a car thereafter—Ed.
June, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 53
unfortunate in naming insects after me, as he made a subse-
quent essay in Scopelosoma graefiana, which proved to be a syn-
onym of indirecta Walker. These descriptions were followed by
very many others, principally in the Noctuidz, as Professor Pack-
ard had made a specialty of the Bombycide and W. H. Edwards
of the diurnals. Grote also published several checklists of North
American Lepidoptera. Later he acted as curator of the Buffalo
Society of Natural Science. Still later he went to Hildesheim in
Hanover, where he became curator of the Roemer Museum. He
went to Bremen, where he died in 1905. He may be called a
pioneer in his branch of the science, since he helped to create
order out of chaos which had previously existed. It is to be re-
gretted that his large collection of types were sold by him to the
British Museum.*
Referring again to the Rev. John G. Morris, I shall never forget
how, in October 1884, he called at my house in Clinton St. to ex-
amine my collection, when he was about 85 years of age. After
dinner he complained of extreme weakness and lay down on the
sofa. or a time I was greatly alarmed that he was about to ex-
pire, but after various remedies he was relieved, as I was. He
lived for some years.
Over thirty years ago a young man called on me to see my
collection. He was then interested in Conchology but became so
enthusiastic over my insects that he begged me for some duplicates
and from that time became an ardent Lepidopterist and collector.
This was Herbert K. Morrison, who did excellent field work, gath-
ered much information and described a number of new species.
He added much information about the insects of distant and thith-
erto unexplored localities. He collected much in the mountains of
North Carolina, later in the White Mountains, then during excur-
sions to Colorado, Montana and Arizona. He brought back a
host of specimens, many new to science. His own types, mainly
Noctuide, were sold to Mr. Tepper, who subsequently sold his
collection containing them to the University of Michigan. Mor-
rison married and settled in Morgantown, N. C., where he seemed
* This immortal collection was offered for a long time in this country.
Grote incurred debts, which in honor he thought he must pay without
delay. The price of the collection was $5,000. There seemed to be no
one then in the United States ready to put up the money.—Ed.
54 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
to lose all interest in the study which made him famous and died
young.
Another old entomologist was the late W. V. Andrews,* a
rather eccentric Englishman, who was always at war with Grote
as to the determination of a specimen. Grote’s first question was
invariably “Where did you get it?” Andrews’s answer was
equally invariable: “ Never mind where I got it; what is it?”
And then the trouble began. Andrews had a very fair collection
of both Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. He described but one spe-
cies, Orthosia luteosa. Grote said to me that he was convinced
that the insect was new, but he did not dare describe it. I happened
to mention the fact to Andrews who thereupon lost no time in
naming and describing the specimen, which name, wonderful to
say, stands today. Mr. Andrews died rather suddenly in the
early eighties.
In 1869 I received a letter from the proprietor of the California
theater in San Francisco requesting that I exchange with him.
This was Henry Edwards.* I maintained correspondence and ex-
changes with him for some years. When he came to New York
I became personally acquainted with him. He was connected with
Wallach’s Theater and later became its manager. He was an
Englishman and had traveled in many countries as an actor. He
was years in Australia. This afforded him an opportunity of col-
lecting many species in all orders. He possessed a large fund of
scientific knowledge and described many species, principally in
Sesiidze and Noctuidz. Those who came in contact with him will
remember him as a genial companion and splendid man.
All that has been stated up to this point is, however, but the
beginning of entomological activity in this vicinity. One after-
noon about 1870 I was summoned by a neighbor, a Mr. Joseph
Huhn, furniture dealer, who had then a place where my store is
* Mr. Andrews was a prominent contributor to the early volumes of the
Canadian Entomologist.—Ed.
* Henry Edwards never destroyed a letter on entomological matters.
His entire correspondence went with his collection to the American Mu-
seum of Natural History, where after many years it was rescued from
masses of unassorted matter, arranged, dated and filed in the Library by
Andrew J. Mutchler, assistant curator in invertebrate zoology. It will
figure prominently in the history of thirty years of American entomology.
June,1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 56
now located, 58 Court St., to come and see a large insect (!) from
Brazil. I hastened to comply, and was introduced to a large,
dark-feaured man, Prof. Franz G. Schaupp, who showed me
the creature, a live lizard of large size. Although not particularly
interested in the specimen, I was deeply impressed by the man.
He was of middle age, of very large proportions, weighing per-
haps 250 pounds, with a massive head crowned with curly hair
well tinged with gray. The hat which he wore would fall around
the ears of any person I have ever met. It measured No.8. He
was pleasant, cordial and overflowing with good nature and
humor. We soon became greatly interested in each other as well
as in insects. Of course, we had to partake of a number of
beers, and he insisted on my accompanying him the next day to
what was then known as the Eastern District, which place, he
stated, fairly swarmed with entomologists, some in embryo, and
all of whom he desired should know me. So, the next day we sal-
lied forth and I was duly introduced to everybody in the neighbor-
hood who had a collection, even if it were only in a saloon where
the proprietor had a framed case of “flies” hung behind the bar.
As a sine qua non we had a complement of beers and I may be
pardoned if I cannot distinctly recollect all the distinguished ento-
mologists whose acquaintance I formed on that memorable occa-
sion. So much enthusiasm was created, however, that Professor
Schaupp and I suggested that we ought to meet regularly and
form some sort of an association. Accordingly a meeting was
called at Schaupp’s room at No. 9 Broadway, which was well at-
tended and resulted in the formation of the Brooklyn Entomolog-
ical Society, the members of which were mostly composed of
those to whom I had been introduced by Professor Schaupp on
my first visit with him. Schaupp was the first President and I the
first Treasurer. His room, where the Society held its meetings,
must be ever memorable in the history of entomology. To those
who met here the place is more than memorable.*
*In this room the BULLETIN oF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
was born in 1876. The survivors who had most to do with it were Mr.
Graef, Mr. Tepper, who has for many years lost interest in the study, and
Charles Fuchs, now of San Francisco, whose ill health has practically
ended the early career of one of the most beautiful souls on earth, whose
interest has never flagged in sixty years. No historic evidence can yet
56 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
I would mention among the members of this Society John B.
Smith, Rev. Geo. D. Hulst, Dr. H. G. Dyar, Wm. Beutenmuller,
Berthold Neumogen, F. H. Chittenden, Wm. Koebele, not to for-
get those who are doing good work still, such as Chris. H. Roberts,
R. F. Pearsall, Jacob Doll, Chas. Schaeffer, Geo. P. Engelhardt.
All of them were greatly influenced, if not actually created as
entomologists, through the work of the Brooklyn Entomological
Society and you will pardon my proud assumption when I state
that the entomologists of Brooklyn, through the Brooklyn Ento-
mological Society have done more good work than any other body
of men in any city or in the world.
In addition to Mr. Grote’s synonyms, the following species have been
dedicated to Mr. Graef: Melicleptria graefiana Tepper, Annemoria graefi-
aria Hulst, Caripeta graefiaria Hulst, Acanthophora graefia Hulst, Ency-
matoge graefi Hulst, Sanninoidea graefi Hy. Edwards, Tortricidea graefi
Packard, and the genus Graefia Pearsall. Regarding the species Graefia
smitht Pearsall, Dr. John B. Smith wrote that “if anything will kill this
genus it is the combination of names.’—Ed.
NOTES ON ILLINOIS PHORIDA (DIPTERA) WITH DE-
SCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES.
By J. Re MaArroce. Urbana: sme
The following notes and descriptions were made from mate-
rial contained in the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.
The types of the new species are deposited in that collection.
This paper is published by permission of Dr. S. A. Forbes.
Trupheoneura varipes Malloch. This species, which was
originally described from a single male from the collection of
C. W. Johnson, taken at Lawrence, Kansas, is represented in the
State Laboratory collection here by 5 males, taken by sweeping,
April 4, 1908, and 2 on April 16, 1909, at Urbana, Ill.
be attained to clear up the matter of the first few numbers, now almost
priceless. I have the testimony that they were set in type by Schaupp
and confreres and taken in locked chases to the printer. It is certain that
the typography was different for three numbers. The most reliable evi-
dence is that an East New York printer took the job, but lacked the type.
Schaupp and friends bought a font and actually set (over many beers) the
copy. There were giants in those days ——Ed.
June, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 57
Aphiocheta halictorum Melander and Brues. A single male
of this species, taken at Algonquin, May 12, 1896 (W. A. Nason).
The mesopleura has a number of short setule and two strong
backwardly directed long bristles on the upper posterior fourth.
In other respects the specimen agrees with the original descrip-
tion, the mesopleural bristles being in all probability overlooked.
Aphiocheta aletia Comstock. This species has been reared
from pupz of Teniocampa alia by Davis and Webster. The Te-
niocampa larvee were obtained at Olney, Ill. State Lab., Nos. 36,-
898 and 36,912. Under No. 16,542 in same series there are two
specimens of aletie which were reared from breeding cages con-
taining Lachnosterna larve. No. 10,337 was obtained under sim-
ilar circumstances, while No. 29,144 was reared from rotting
sugar beet. The facts here given seem to bear out the opinion
that, while the larvz of this species may attack healthy larve or
pupz of other insects, they are more generally scavengers, or
found attacking injured larve or pupz. I have in addition to the
above cases seen examples of aletie which were found by Dr.
C. C. Adams in one of his insect boxes, the larve having evidently
fed upon the insects contained therein.
A character not given in my paper on the family,* by means of
which the female at least may be readily recognized is the pres-
ence of hairs on the surface of the fourth ventral segment, which
form a rather conspicuous row on the posterior margin.
Aphiocheta aristalis new species.
Male: Black, distinctly shining. Head black, frons glossy; an-
tenne brown-black, palpi yellow. Mesonotum without distinct
pollen; pleure glossy, brownish on lower half. Abdomen sub-
opaque; anal protuberance yellowish. Legs black-brown, fore
pair yellowish, their coxz clear yellow, mid and hind cox, mid
tibiz, and bases of hind tibie brownish yellow. Wings clear,
veins black. Halteres deep black, stems brownish.
Frons about as broad as long, surface with many short hairs,
2 pairs of post-antennal bristles present, the upper pair separated
by about one third the width of frons, the lower pair much more
closely placed and half as large as upper pair; inner pair of
* This and future references apply to “The Insects of the Dipterous
Family *Phoride in the United States National Museum,” Proc. U. S. N.
M., Vol. 43, 1912, pp. 411-529. (Ed.)
58 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
bristles in first row nearly in transverse line with upper post-
antennals and not much below the level of the outer pair, which are
distinctly closer to the eye margin; antennz of moderate size;
arista pubescent, nearly twice as long as frons; palpi rather large
and strongly bristled. Scutellum with 2 bristles ; mesopleura bare.
Abdomen tapering, dorsum with a few lateral hairs. Legs stout,
fore tarsus slender ; hind tibial setulz distinct though weak. Costa
to slightly beyond middle of wing, first division subequal to the
other 2 together, third as long as second; fourth vein curved at
base, ending well in front of wing tip; fringe rather close and
fine, the length of the hairs about 4 times the diameter of costal
vena
Length: 1.25 mm.
Locality: Havana, Ill., Sept. 20, 1895 (Hempel).
This species will run down to inornata Malloch in my key to the
species in Group D in my paper on the family, but may be sepa-
rated from it by its smaller size, very different venation and other
characters.
Aphiocheta nasoni, new species.
Male: black-brown. Frons distinctly shining, only slightly polli-
nose ; antennz black-brown; palpi clear yellow. Mesonotum shin-
ing; pleure yellowish brown, glossy on anterior half, posterior
half subopaque. Abdomen black-brown, slightly shining; anal
protuberance dull yellow. Legs brownish yellow, tarsi darker,
Wings clear, veins yellowish. Halteres clear yellow.
Frons distinctly longer than broad, central furrow poorly de-
fined; lower pair of post-antennal bristles about half as large as
upper pair; center pair of bristles in first row distinctly lower on
frons than outer pair and appreciably farther from eye margin;
antenne rather small; arista almost bare slightly longer than
length of frons; palpi larger than third antennal joint, moderately
bristly. Mesopleura with numerous short setulz and one long
and strong backwardly directed bristle on upper posterior fourth ;
scutellum with 2 bristles. Abdomen tapering, segments 2 and 6
subequal, elongated, 5 slightly shorter than 6 and longer than 4,
which latter is subequal with 3, anal protuberance small, very
inconspicuously haired. Legs normal, hind femora flattened ; hind
June, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 59
tibia with the setule distinct, but hairlike. Wings elongate, costa
to distinctly short of the middle; first costal division about 3 times
as long as second; angle at fork of third vein acute; third costal
division half as long as second; fourth vein leaving at fork of third
with a slight bend, running almost straight to margin and ending
at distinctly in front of wing tip without recurving ; costal fringe
fine and close, the hairs about 3 times as long as the diameter of
costal vein.
Length: 1.5 mm.
Locality: Algonquin, Ill., Nov. 16, 1896 (W. A. Nason).
This species is named in honor of Dr. W. A. Nason. It differs
from ciliata Zetterstedt and subciliata Malloch in being brownish
instead of deep black, in having the frons less glossy, and in the
wing venation.
Aphiocheta plebeia, new species.
Male: yellow. Frons brownish, antennz and palpi yellow.
Mesonotum brownish on disc. Legs yellow. Wings clear, veins
brown. Halteres yellow.
Frons subopaque ; lower pair of pentamerals more than half as
large as upper pair; central pair of first row bristles distinctly
lower on frons than outer pair and nearer to center; antenne
small, third joint rounded; arista longer than frons, pubescent ;
palpi slightly larger than antenna, distictly bristled. Mesopleura
with numerous short setulze ; scutellum with 2 bristles and 2 micro-
scopic anterior hairs, in the female these hairs are about half as
large as the bristles. Abdomen tapering, segments subequal; no
distinct lateral bristles on second segment ; anal protuberance small.
Hind tibial setule, 9-10, not as long as the tibial diameter. Costa
to wing middle, first and second divisions subequal, third about
one fourth as long as second, angle at fork of third vein acute;
costal fringe fine and close, the hairs about three times as long
as diameter of costal vein; fourth vein leaving at fork of third
greatly arcuate, ending distinctly before wing tip. °
Length: 1.5 mm.
Locality: Urbana, IIl., July 18, 1885, reared from larve found
in decaying vegetation, No. 6,889, Ill. State Lab, Nat. Hist.
Allotypes: Two specimens, same data as type.
60 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
The females of this species will run down to winnamanna
Malloch in my table of species in Group D, while the male, having
the anterior scutellar bristles much weaker, will run down to
carlynensis Malloch, from which the different venation readily
separates it.
SOME NEUROPTERA FROM THE UNITED STATES.
By Rev. Loneinas NavAs, S. J., ZARAGOZA, SPAIN.
The few Neuroptera enumerated below were all taken by my
friend, Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, and generously added to my
collection. The records may be useful, especially as they are
of your local fauna. They include, also, species new to science.
The enumeration is according to the accepted order of the familes.
Family AESCHNIDA®.
Boyeria vinosa Say. Lake Mahopac, Aug., 1902.
Aischna eremita Scudd. ¢. Lake Mahopac, Aug., 1902.
Family MYRMELEONID/.
Hesperoleon abdominalis Say. Yaphank, L. I., July 4, 1913.
Family HEMEROBIID-.
Sisyra lampra sp. nov.
Caput facie palpisque flavis; vertice et occipite aurantiacis ;
oculis fuscis; antennis fortibus, fuscis. Prothorax transversus,
fuscescens, ferrugineo punctatus. Meso- et metanotum ferru-
ginea. Pectus fuscum. Abdomen fuscum, apice ferrugineum.
Pedes testaceo-flavi; pilis concoloribus; tarsorum quatuor primis
articulis longitudine descrescentibus, quinto subzequali tertio.
Ale anguste, apice rotundate; stigmate flavido; area costali
angusta, subcostali lata; sectore radii unico. Ala anterior mem-
brana in tertio apicali et plaga in tertio posteriore marginis
fulvo-fusca; stria fusca ad ortum sectoris radii et alia obliqua ante
stigma a costa ad sectorem; ceterum hyalina vel leviter flavido
tincta; reticulatione fusca intra maculas, pallida extra illas, striis
fuscis longitudinalibus inter venas; sectore radii duobus ramis,
June, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 61
apice vicissim ramosis; paucis venulis, fuscis. Ala posterior
membrana leviter tincta preter marginem externum et posticum;
reticulatione subtota fusca; stigmate utrimque fusco limitato; sec-
tore radii tribus ramis, duobus primis furcatis, seu duobus, apice
ramoso; 6 venulis gradatis in arcum positis.
Long. corp. 2.5 mm., al. ant. 5.3 mm., al. post. 4.5 mm.
Patria. Lakehurst, N. J., June 28, rg1t.
Climaciella brunea Say. Yaphank, L. I., July 10, 1913.
Hemerobius stigmaterus Fitch. White Plains, N. Y.
Micromus posticus Walk. Yaphank, L. I., Nov. 25, tort.
Family CHRYSOPID-.
Chrysopa chi Fitch. White Plains, N. Y., June 3, 1911.
Chrysopa stenostigma sp. nov.
Similis Harrisi Fitch. Flava.
Caput totum cum primo articulo antennarum rubellum; oculis
palpisque fuscis; antennis flavis, pilis fuscis vestitis. Prothorax
latior quam longior, angulis anticis oblique truncatis, superne mar-
ginibus lateralibus late fuscescentibus. Meso- et metanotum ad
latera leviter fuscescentia. Abdomen flavum, flavo pilosum, im-
maculatum. Pedes flavi, fusco pilosi; tibiis posticis distincte com-
pressis, linea impressa laterali distinctissima in tertio medio; tar-
sis flavescentibus; unguibus basi dilatatis. Ale anguste, acute,
stigmate angustissimo ; reticulatione flava, fusco pilosa. Ala ante-
rior area costali parum dilatata juxta basim, subcostali distincte
ad venulam basilarem ; venulis gradatis 6/8, in series parallelas dis-
positis; intermediis 5, prima ad ipsum apicem cellule fusiformis
intra ipsam finiente. Ala posterior venulis gradatis 6/7.
Long. corp. 8 mm., al. ant. 11 mm., al. post. Io mm.
Patiia. -Yaphank, L..l., July -25, 1913:
Chrysopa stichoptera sp. nov.
Similis lineaticorni Fitch. Viridis.
Caput facie, palpis, duobus primis antennarum articulis albidis;
vertice viridi-albo; antennis longis, in quarto basilari nigris; dein
sensim pallidioribus, primo articulo forti, externe linea nigra long-
itudinali signato, secundo externe et apice nigro; oculis in sicco
62 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
fuscis. Prothorax latior quam longior, antrorsum vix angustatus,
viridis? superne linea laterali punctorum prope marginem later-
alem rubra. Meso- et metathorax virides, inferne pallidiores. Ab-
domen viride, viridi pilosum, apice vix pallidius. Pedes virides,
pallidi; tibiis posticis linea impressa longitudinali distincta, longa;
tarsis flavescentibus ; unguibus basi fortiter dilatatis. Ale hyaline,
iridez ; stigmate et reticulatione viridibus; apice subacutae. Ala
anterior venulis plerisque et axillis furcularium marginalium
nigris, venulis gradatis 5/6, intermediis 5, prima ad quartum api-
cale cellulz fusiformis veniente; cellula fusiformi angusta. Venu-
le gradatz, una subcostalis pone stigma et aliquot radiales leviter
fusco marginate. Ala posterior sectore radii ad medium longiter
nigro; venulis radialibus tribus primis initis, reliquis totis, gradatis
3/7 totis, excepta prima in utraque serie, nigris; costalibus fere
omnibus initium sectoris radii et venulis radialibus ramisque ex
parte nigra sectoris procedentibus, nigris.
Long. corp. 7.3 mm., ant. al. 12 mm., al. post. 10.5 mm.
Ratwia, WVaphank, ob, jlo; wo12:
Family NEUROMID/E.
Chauliodes pectinicornis L. 9. Lake Mahopac, N. Y., T. D.
O’Connor, July 12, 1903.
Family SIALID/E.
Sialis infumata Newm. White Plains, July 14; Yaphank, July 5,
1913.
Defoliating the weeds on the bank of the Morris Canal last
summer, there were observed dozens of “ wooly bears,” the larve
of the common Diacrisia virginica. A score of them were thrown
into the water, three to six feet from shore. A slight current and
breeze carried them straight along. Every caterpillar began at
once to swim, all but one turning directly toward shore. One
tried to swim across and was lost to observation. All the others
reached shore within five minutes, none the worse for their duck-
ing. There was nothing haphazard about their effort. It was
a systematic undulating motion, quite like the swimming of a
water snake, and quite as deliberate. R. P. D.
June,1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 63
ABUNDANCE OF PYRAMEIS CARDUI IN CALIFORNIA.
This spring (1914) the caterpillars of this butterfly have been
unusually abundant everywhere, in all the vacant lots, even, of the
City of Los Angeles, feeding on the leaves of the mallow, or
cheese weed, Malva parviflora. They spin the leaves together, in
which secure retreat they live without being molested by bird ene-
mies. This year the school children have been putting this butter-
fly to use in their nature study work, gathering from the vacant
lots near the school houses. They gathered whole boxes of the
caterpillars, which they watched transform to the chrysalis and
finally to the showy butterfly. Surely this charming species has
never been put to better use. They have tried some interesting
color experiments with the larve and in various ways have found
something worth while. Fordyce Grinnell Jr., Pasadena.
New Jersey Records.—In the collection of Mr. Marvin H.
Mead, of Passaic, N. J., a striking specimen is Calopistria flori-
densis Guénée, taken locally at light. Another, Polychrysia for-
mosa Grote, came from Rutherford, nearby. The one is Flori-
dian, the other, of the boreal fauna. Both are records for the
New Jersey list.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY.
The regular meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held
at 185 Stuyvesant Ave., April 16, and called to order by the secretary. In
the absence of president and vice-president, Mr. Torre-Bueno was elected
to the chair. Present also twelve members.
Report of the treasurer, showing the state of finances in detail was
accepted. The librarian reported at length on the books and our own
publications in storage, and that all orders received had been filled. He
reported that complete separates of Fuchs’ Lucanidze were not in the
library and that orders for these could not be filled. Entomologica, Vol.
4, was restored to the list of salables by the discovery of forty-six addi-
tional volumes.
Outing committee reported unsatisfactory weather, a late, cold, wet
spring.
Publication committee reported that future BULLETINS will be printed
by The New Era Printing Co., of Lancaster, Pa. The April number is in
the hands of this company.
64 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
Mr. Weeks read his correspondence on the subject of a state appropria-
tion of $50,000 to fight the brown-tail moth, including replies from Dr.
E. P. Felt, New York state entomologist, and Dr. L. O. Howard, govern-
ment entomologist. The pest is fairly well established at Orient Point,
Fisher’s Island and elsewhere, and prompt steps are being taken to fight
it now rather than wait until the damage gets into the millions.
Mr. Corbin then showed a bottle of live beetles sent from Texas City by
Lieut. Grant, formerly assistant at the Children’s Museum. They con-
tained Trox scutellaris and T. punctatus, a Centriopteron and a big, lumber-
ing Eleodes suturalis texanus.
The regular meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held
at 185 Brooklyn Ave., May 14, called to order by President Davis. Present
also thirteen members and two visitors.
Report of the treasurer, showing society balance of $434.07 and BULLETIN
account balance $16.74, was read by the secretary. The librarian reported
at length on the state of the old publications which the society has for
sale. Sales have included every item listed, with a steady demand for
J. B. Smith’s Glossary of Entomological Terms. The editor for the Pub-
lication Committee reported at length on the progress of the BULLETIN,
for which new subscriptions are coming in steadily, but which needs the
personal interest of every member to make it an unqualified success.
There was ordered to be spread on the minutes the fact of the death
of John A. Grossbeck, Assistant in Invertebrate Zoology in the American
Museum of Natural History, which occurred in the Barbados, April 8.
Mr. Grossbeck was a former member of the Brooklyn Society and always
responded liberally to calls for entomological demonstrations. In com-
pany with the secretary of that society he made his first visit to the tropics
three years ago, going to Jamaica and collecting with a zeal and judgment
which brought him a high degree of commendation from his superiors.
The secretary was instructed to write to Mrs. Grossbeck conveying the
society's sympathy and best wishes.
Mr. Engelhardt spoke of collecting experiences early in May at Yap-
hank, L. I. and near Tuxedo, N. Y. The black flies were exceedingly
annoying at both places. The species were Simuleum venustum Say and
S. invenustum Walk. Splendid results in Lepidoptera especially were ob-
tained in both places from the pussy willow bloom and at sugar. At least
twenty species of Noctuidae were taken, mostly species not taken com-
monly at any other season.
Mr. Davis spoke on the Cicindelidae of Long Island, of which seventeen
species and two varieties are listed by him in actual captures. This does
not include the form nigrita Davis. Unipunctata is represented only by
specimens reported by Schaupp in BuLLeTin, Vol. I, p. 28, from Wash-
ington Park. C. abdominalis from the east end of the island is Mr. Davis’
latest discovery. Tetracha virginica is included from Mr. Davis’ happy
capture at Hemstead. C. consentanea was reported in numbers by W. C.
June, 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 65
Wood from Huntington, also in places on the south side of the island.
Mr. Davis had prepared elaborate maps showing the distribution of the
principal species over the island.
Mr. Dow reported that C. marginata occurred in enormous numbers
around the mud flats, Rockaway Beach, about September 1, and that C.
repanda dated from March 28 on the sands of Bergen Beach.
Mr. Weeks spoke on the capture of Leptura emarginata, the first speci-
men at Yaphank in 1860, another in 1804. Both were taken from the
black oak trees, which had been partially cut and bent over to make fences.
It was pointed out that Mr. Joutel has bred this species from Ft. Lee,
N. J. Mr. Weeks also showed a box of beetles taken in his garden at
Yaphank. Specimens of Cychrus elevatus were quite black and like some
more southerly ones, some from Cape May Co., N. J. Most Long Island
specimens are more or less violet tinted.
_Mr. Pearsall mentioned taking Elater sayi in Brooklyn, presumably the
first positive record from Long Island.
R. P. Dow, Secretary.
OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA
WANTED.—Pupe of Papilio ajax and rutulus. Ward’s Natural Sci-
ence Establishment, 84 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
All kinds of Chrysalids, Cocoons, and Pupe wanted in exchange for
North American lepidoptera. Address: Herman H. Brehme, 74 Thirteenth
Ave., Newark, N. J. "
Florida Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells,
and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla.
WANTED.—No. Am. Cerambycide and Buprestide, especially Agrilus;
will collect insects of amy order in this locality for exchanges in above
families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass.
The undersigned will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey
species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey—Harry B. Weiss, 272
Hale St., New Brunswick, N. J.
New Jersey Entomological Company
HERMAN H. BREHME, Manager
Dealers in Insects of all Orders. Lepidoptera, Cocoons and Pupx. Life
Histories. Cocoons and Pupae bought. Entomological Supplies, Insect
Pins, Cork, Riker Specimen Mounts, Nets, Spreading Boards, Boxes, etc.
74 THIRTEENTH AVENUE, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY
The Butterfly Farmer
A monthly magazine for amateur Entomolo-
gists. A comprehensive correspondence course
in Entomology, conducted under the auspices
of the Agassiz Association, will be a leading
feature during the present year. Subscrip-
tion $5.00 per annum, single copies 50 cents.
Names of dealers and purchasers and wants
of subscribers advertised without charge.
Ximena McGlashan,
Publisher and Proprietor,
Truckee, California.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY.
Sent postpaid on receipt of price by A. C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park
Place, Brooklyn.
THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomol-
ogy, by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by the Kny-Scheerer Co.,
404-410 West 27th St., N. Y. City, and Ward’s Natural Science Establish-
ment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
Cloth “bound “ealsee. Bae So A eens nee ee ee 2.00
BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
Vols. 1, 2 and 3 are out of print and will be bought at $1.50 each.
Vols. 4’ to’ 7 for sale at, per voll sueiaddie ace ee eee 1.25
Volume’ 3 "of ‘the: Bulletin tori salesate ss. 4- eee eee eee 1.40
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 each 2.00
PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vol. 1 and 4, each ........ 2.00
Vols. 2 and 3 wanted.
SCHAUPP, Synopsis of the Cicindelide, 5 col. plates ........... 1.00
OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera ........ 50
UHILER; (Checklist of the Elemiptera eeu. a eee 25
Odd numbers of missing volumes of Papilio and Bulletin wanted at
full prices.
oO Ei
THE BROOKLYN
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first
Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at 185
Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00.
OFFICERS, 1914
President
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
Vice-President
W. T. BATHER
Recording and Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
Treasurer
C. E. OLSEN
Librarian
A. C. WEEKS
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences
CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society
Published in
October, December, February, April and June of each year
Subscription price, $1.00 per year in advance; single copies
25 cents. Advertisingrateson application. Short articles, notes
and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited.
Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of
publication, additional at cost. Address subscriptions and all
communications to
R. P. DOW, Editor,
15 Broad Street, New York City.
THE KNY-SCHEERER CO.,
Department of Natural Science
G. LAGAI, Ph.D.
404-410 West 27th Street New York City
ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS
North American and exotic insects of all orders
in perfect condition. Single specimens and
collections illustrating mimicry, protective color-
ation, dimorphism, collections of representatives
of the different orders of insects, etc.
Series of specimens illustrating insect life, color
variation, etc. Metamorphoses of insects.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES
Collecting Utensils.
Breeding Apparatus and Cages
for Living Animals _
Preparing and Preserving Uten-
sils.
Cabinets, Insect Cases and Lin-
ing Material.
Magnifiers.
Botanists’ Supplies.
' Expfbrers’ and Collectors’ Camp
tfits. .
Miscellaneous Naturalists’ Sup-
plies.
Oologists’ Supplies.
Aquaria.
Books and Publications.
Chemicals.
Illustrated Catalogues of Biological Supplies and Entomolog- — 4
ical Supplies sent free on application. ey
Vol. IX OCTOBER, 1914 No. 4
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY
NEW SERIES
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
Chairman
‘J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW,
Ls Advertising Manager Editor
Published by the Society
Price, 25 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
Ward’s Natural Science Fstablishment
84-102 COLLEGE AVENUE, :: :: ROCHESTER, N. Y.
We take pleasure in announcing to the reader of the
Bulletin that we have recently purchased the entire
stock in trade of the American Entomological Co., of
Brooklyn and respectfully solicit your patronage.
Our stock of Lepidoptera is the largest in the world.
We assemble here collections of all kinds, among
which we mention LIFE HISTORIES of ECONOMIC
INSECTS, collections showing MIMICRY AND PRO-
TECTIVE COLORATION as well as large or small
SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS.
We shall continue to manufacture the ONLY GEN-
UINE HAND MADE SCHMITT INSECT BOX
and the well known AMERICAN ENTOMOLOG-
ICAL CO’S INSECT PINS.
Our stock of Laboratory Material for Dissection is
very large and complete.
If you are interested in Entomology and wish to
receive our special lists as they are published, send us
your name for our mailing list.
Our Price List of Entomological Supplies will be
mailed free upon request.
Our Catalogue of Insects (Price 25c.) contains lists
and prices of Lepidoptera, Insect Collections and Lab-
oratory Material.
We are also acting as distributors for Dr. John B.
Smith’s Explanation of Entomological Terms, Price.
$2.00. A necessity to every Entomologist.
Ward's Natural Science Establishment
BULLETIN BROOKLYN ENToMOLOGICAL SoclETY. VOL. IX. PiaTe 3.
Reproduced by courtesy of Miss Ximena McGlashan.
ALBERT KOEBELE Jas. H. BEHRENS Da CASEN:
J. J. RIVERS GEO. W. DUNN CHAS. FUCHS W. G. W. HARFORD
leu, eg ea Sl
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
VoL. IX OCTOBER, 1914 No. 4
CONTENTS
DEVELOPMENT OF CALIFORNIA ENTOMOLOGY, Grinnell... 67
ie ewe lONs OF CHAS: RUCHS, Leng... ..i..0..5. 0. eens awe To
Spook Ss lUDIES IN GEOMETRIDAE, No: 4, Pearsall....007..0. 76
Rew NBOTROPICAL HETEROPTERA, Bueno... ......05 0.06 5e5s 79
M@MeGiArH OF THE SPHINGIDAE, Skinner. .:......é:60.2056 84
Sears emit Sees IN OPC AE CROSS ids eioaic se ocd oi evaded wie &'s love ss wae Cox ave wobleve 84
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALIFORNIA ENTOMOLOGY.
By ForpycE GRINNELL, JR., Pasadena, Cal.
Robert E. Cowan, of Oakland, an appreciative student of Cali-
fornian history, says somewhere: “In the annals of recorded his-
tory, ancient or modern, there is perhaps no section or territory
that in its growth and development presents so many remarkable
features as does that of California, whose entire history is almost
a unique annals of romance and reality.” It would only be neces-
sary to read Willard’s History of Los Angeles, or McGroarty’s
California, Its History and Romance, to convince anyone of the
above statement of Cowan. The development of Californian
science is no exception. I have always been very much inter-
ested in its early naturalists, maybe because I became acquainted
with one of the greatest, the late Dr. Behr, and some others, Har-
ford, Wright, Rivers, Fuchs, and more.
“Sun, friend and flower have each become
A part of my immortal part;
They are not lost, but evermore
Shine, live, and bloom within my heart.”
Looking back over a long period of years, the important fea-
tures stand out and we can properly judge their place in history ;
so with science in California, this history may be divided into four
or five quite distinct periods, as Brewer did in the second volume
of the Botany of California, and others:
68 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
1791-1848 coincides with the Spanish-Colonial period in Cali-
fornia.
1849-1859, Mexican boundary survey and Pacific Railroad sur-
vey; the gold period.
1860-1870, the State Geological Survey.
1870-1890, following the opening of the transcontinental rail-
roads.
1890 to the present—the period of the two large Universities.
During the first period several early voyages of adventure took
place, and on most of them natural history specimens were col-
lected, chiefly botanical, but including a few insects. The Rus-
sians, especially, were quite active and in their progress south-
ward along the coast from Siberia and Alaska, they did much to
advance the knowledge of the natural history of the regions. In
California several posts, partly fur trading and partly military,
were established, chiefly in Sonoma County, where several Rus-
sian naturalists collected. Fischer collected in the Aleutian Is-
lands, chiefly Coleoptera; Eschscholtz, Chamisso, Mannerheim,
Maeklin and Motschulsky all collected insects, mostly beetles.
The Russian-American Fur Co. was at Bodega in 1820; and in
that year Ft. Ross on the Russian River was established. Wran-
gel and Wosnessensky were here. Dr. Wosnessensky was on
Mt. St. Helena, June 12, 1841; he collected plants and insects.
The butterflies were described by Menetriés, a Russian entomolo-
gist; the western dog’s head butterfly was first named wosnesen-
ski* for him, and there are others collected by this naturalist.
In 1816 J. F. Eschscholtz and Adalbert von Chamisso accom-
panied Captain Kotzebue in the brig “ Rurik,’ on an expedition
around the world; they landed in October at San Francisco and
on the Yerba Buena Island; among the beetles and other insects
collected were a few butterflies, one of them, Melitea chalcedon.t
Dr. Behr told me he saw the type in the Berlin Museum, where
the collections were placed. The party visited also San Jose
and Monterey. The California poppy was named in honor of
* This well-known species is generally listed now as eurydice Boisduval,
1855. He later redescribed it as lorquinit. Reakirt tried to establish a
variety, helena, which has fallen into the synonymy.
+ One wonders at the lapse of years until this species was named by
Doubleday and Hewitson.
Oct., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 69
Eschscholtz by Chamisso. Eschscholtz was here again in 1824.
Theodore Hartweg* was at Monterey in 1846-1847.
While the Russians working down the coast barely reached
San Francisco Bay, the Spanish were working up and reached the
same point. But there were no naturalists in the Spanish inva-
sion; their interest was in establishing missions.
The period from 1849 to 1859 saw an immense immigration of
all sorts and conditions of men, seeking gold. Not a few natur-
alists were among them. P. J. M. Lorquin was about the first to
arrive in 1849 from France. He had previous experience in
collecting in France and Algeria, and was well acquainted with
Boisduval, the noted French coleopterist, and when he came to
California he collected enthusiastically for Boisduval, as may be
seen from the latter’s 1852 paper, the classic in California ento-
mology. Lorquin was in the State until 1859, when he left for
China. He collected through the whole length of the State, com-
ing to Los Angeles and San Diego by land and returning to San
Francisco by water. Hans Herman Behr came to San Francisco
in 1851, and lived there until his death in 1904. He was the
greatest of the pioneer entomologists, as well as a botanist. He
described quite a number of our butterflies and moths.
The California Academy of Sciences, the oldest scientific so-
ciety in the State, was founded April 4, 1853, by six men; and
until about 1890 was the center of scientific activity in California.
Among the early members in the fifties were: George W. Dunn,t
James Behrens,t H. H. Behr,§ Lorquin.{ Most of Behr’s con-
* The checklist of Coleoptera makes one allusion to this traveler,—6167
Trichoxys hartwegu White.
+ Beetles have been named for Dunn by Professor Rivers and Colonel
Casey. He was a genial soul, always “on his uppers,’ who collected in-
sects, plants, shells, anything else he could sell. Like Micawber, he waited
for something to turn up. He died in 1905 at the almshouse in San
Francisco, at an age well above 9o.
+ Long life also was given to Behrens. Beetles were named for him by
Mannerheim, Leconte, Horn and Candéze. Types of Lepidoptera were named
for him by Hulst, Packard, Chambers, Grote, Edwards, Stretch, and John
B. Smith. He died in San Jose in 1897. Some years previously he shipped
his personal collection to his native Lubeck, in Germany, where it now is.
§ Lepidoptera are named for Behr by Stretch, Edwards and Smith. He
lived well beyond 80 years.
§ One well known Cerambycid bears Lorquin’s name. His lepidopterous
discoveries are recorded by Boisduval, Guenée, Grote & Robinson, and Behr.
70 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
tributions to the Lepidoptera were published in the early proceed-
ings, and those of Henry Edwards in the seventies.
On April 21, 1860, Governor J. G. Downey approved “an act
to create the office of State Geologist, and to define the duties
thereof.” J. D. Whitney* was appointed Geologist, with the fol-
lowing assistants: W. H. Brewer,+ J. G. Cooper,t W. M. Gabb,§
William Ashburner, Chester Averill, Charles Hoffmann and Clar-
ence King. Most of these men collected a great many Lepidop-
tera and Coleoptera in different parts of California, which were
described by Dr. Behr and other specialists; the names of most
of these men are familiar to us in the names of well known and
interesting insects and other animals.
The fourth period, from 1870 to 1890, showed a great increase
in students and work, due to the opening of the transcontinental
railroad. Henry Edwards, the most conspicuous person during
the period, did a vast amount of collecting in all parts of the State
and published accordingly ; he was an actor by profession, and a
prominent member of the Bohemian Club, as was also Dr. Behr.
R. H. Stretch, author of “ Zyganide and Bombycidze of North
America,” 1872, was a mining engineer of considerable ability,
and collected, as chance offered, in various parts of the State. G.
R. Crotch, an Englishman and a Coleopterist, came in 1872 and
collected all over the coast from southern California to British
Columbia; he exposed himself to such an extent in his field work
that he contracted pneumonia and died soon after his return to
the east; he was especially a student of Buprestide and Coccinel-
lide. HH. K. Morrison in the early eighties collected considerably
in southern California in all orders. Tryon Reakirt collected
about Los Angeles and in northern California, but his published
work was careless and his labeling deficient; he got certain things
* Entomologists have not forgotten Whitney. Vide Catocala wiitneyi
Dodge and Lemonias whitneyi Behr.
+ Compare Corymbites brewert Horn.
£ Dr. Cooper was a companion of Dr. Leconte on the Pacific expedition
fifteen years earlier. Cantharis cooperi is for him, also lepidopterous
species named by Behr.
§ A close friend, in fact the closest, of Dr. George H. Horn. He left
Philadelphia to take this position, making a specialty of Paleontology.
Cicindela gabbii is one of his monuments.
Oct., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 71
from Lorquin the younger, who got his material badly mixed, and
a lot of trouble was caused in that way. O.T. Baron* did a good
amount of work in Mendocino and Fresno counties, the species
being described by W. H. Edwards, Henry Edwards, and others;
he returned to Germany about 1890. Xantus de Veseyt in the —
seventies did considerable collecting at Ft. Tejon and in Baja
California, the Lepidoptera going to Dr. Behr; Leconte published
a list of the Coleoptera collected by him at Ft. Tejon. Lord Wal-
singham in 1871-1872 made an extended trip through the whole
length of the State, collecting Microlepidoptera; he published a
fine illustrated work on the Pterophoridz of California and Ore-
gon; he is still living and working in England (where he is hon-
orary curator of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum).
Other important collectors during the period were: Dr. Geo.
H. Horn, Baron Terloot de Popelaire,t A. J. Grayson, T. L.
Mead,§ Samuel Brennan, Jr., Baron R. von Osten Sacken, James
Behrens, J. J. Rivers, W. G. Wright, Charles Fuchs, Colonel
Thomas L. Casey. By the end of the eighties we notice that most
of the older students had finished their work, and many also were
leaving the State; during this period also the Lepidoptera was the
order which received most attention, while after 1890 has been the
period of the Coleoptera. Stanford University had just opened
and the University of California began a more vigorous growth,
and science centered more around these universities than in the
preceding periods, when the California Academy of Sciences was
the center of work.
* Amblychila baroni, now a super, rather than a subspecies, records his
greatest claim to fame.
+ John Xantus was living in Kansas when Leconte first met him, about
1852. In his later home near Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, he
devoted his leisure wholly to beetles. He entertained Crotch and was
greatly revered by both Leconte and Horn.
+ This visitor is represented by name in both beetles and butterflies.
§ Mr. Mead has ten Lepidoptera named for him.
q Very few collectors are without specimens taken by this diligent worker
whose death occurred less than two years ago. His “ Butterflies of the
Pacific Coast” is a classic. Nevertheless he may be remembered longest
in science by the anomalous Dinapate wrightti, which he discovered and
sent to Dr. Horn.
72 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
Note: The footnotes to Mr. Grinnell’s fine paper are by the
Editor.
The pioneers did a lot of work; the period from 1870 to 1890
probably will never be equalled for activity, but nevertheless it
was only a beginning; we have a lot to find out yet.
About 1888, when Lieutenant Thomas L. Casey, now Colonel
Casey, retired, was detailed to California for some engineering
work, he took active part in the San Francisco Academy of Sci-
ences. One day he induced a group of local entomologists to
visit a photograph gallery, the result of which is given in Plate
III. of this number. Colonel Casey mislaid his copy of the photo-
graph many years ago. Albert Koebele, the veteran collector,
‘gave his copy to C. F. McGlashan, himself a collector of over
thirty years’ experience at Truckee, Cal. It was then published
in the Butterfly Farmer, March, 1914. It includes the foremost
Californian entomologists of that time.
Professor John James Rivers, an Englishman, came to Kansas
about 1870, thence to the University of California to become Cu-
rator of Organic Natural History. He retired in 1895, but con-
tinued active as an amateur, dying in Santa Monica, 1913, within
a few days of his ninetieth birthday. His hobby was Coleoptera.
Albert Koebele, while not a youngster, is still active and will
always be best known by his collections for the United States
National Museum. Carl Fuchs anglicised his name as Charles.
He was known to every prominent beetle collector in the world.
His synopsis of the Lucanidze has not been superseded in forty
years. His first appearance in nomenclature was for a Staphyli-
nid named by G. Kraatz. Heunearthed the strange little creature
which Dr. Horn called A.gialites fuchsu and thereafter devoted
considerable time each year to collecting it to be given with his
compliments to Coleopterists all over the world. The checklist
contains another little species, Scydmenus marie Lec. This is
named for Mrs. Fuchs, whose hospitality no one ever forgets. .
Charles Fuchs never worked for money. He worked hard, the
first mortgage on his earnings going for sustenance, but all be-
yond that going for entomology. On his arrival in California,
BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SociETy VoL. IX. PLATE 4.
R. P. Dow’ CHAS. SCHAEFFER GEO. P. ENGELHARDT
CHAS. FUCHS JacosB DOLL GEO. FRANCK
Oct., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 73
after leaving Brooklyn, he accepted a position with the University
of California. Later he became Curator of Entomology of the
Academy of Sciences. His private collection, the work of ten
hours a day for sixty years, was lost in the San Francisco fire.
He started a new one the next day. After thirty years’ absence
he revisited Brooklyn. It was then that the editor met him. He
had never seen a moving picture. We took him twice a day to
the “movies.” Coney Island was the best place for them. Plate
IV. is the outcome of a visit to that region. All the afternoon
and evening we mingled movies and beetle collecting under the
arc lights. After all the years many of the commonest insects
were strange to Fuchs. So we took everything. At each capture
Carl Fuchs would dip anew into a box of a particularly savory
snuff, of a kind known only to himself. It had a delicious aroma,
even if it did force a sneeze to all us amateurs.
Professor W. G. W. Harford was born in Rochester, N. Y., in
1825. Colias harfordi Hy. Edwards recalls him. He was for
several years Director of the San Francisco Academy of Sciences,
then for four years connected with the University. He lived
until 1913. Verily, if one desires longevity, he should become an
entomologist in California.
EXPLANATION OF PLaTE IV.
Beginning upper row: Geo. P. Engelhardt, curator of invertebrates,
museum, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Chas. Schaeffer, associ-
ate curator of entomology, museum, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sci-
ences. R. P. Dow, secretary and editor BULLETIN, Brooklyn Entomological
Society.. Geo. Franck, curator, Brooklyn Entomological Society. Jacob
Doll, curator of entomology, museum, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sci-
ences. Chas. Fuchs, charter (recently corresponding) member of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society.
RECOLLECTIONS OF CHARLES FUCHS.
By Cuartes W. LENG, B.S.
I think it was in 1876 that I first met Charles Fuchs, in
Schaupp’s room, at the foot of Broadway, Williamsburg; that
was thirty-eight years ago and Fuchs was then in his prime, mass-
74 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
ive in figure, heavily bearded, strong and alert, German in his
speech by preference and already famous locally for his large col-
lection of Coleoptera, especially in the families Scarabzeidz and
Lucanide. The first meeting was followed as soon as decency
permitted by a call at his home on the top floor of a building in
Bond Street, New York. There Fuchs maintained an establish-
ment for engraving gold jewelry for the trade, with several work-
men besides himself in a back room; each with a huge ball of
beeswax into which the work to be engraved was sunken. His
living apartments were in the front of the house and there I met
Mrs. Fuchs, whose hospitality has been recorded by Walther Horn
in Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, and the parrot and pet
dog that otherwise composed the family. Mrs. Fuchs was occu-
pied in cleaning part of the collection of Tro+v with a tooth brush
and warm water, the specimens being set, like the gold jewelry in
the back room, in balls of beeswax.* In those rooms I first saw
specimens of Plusiotis and other large and handsome Scarabezeide,
and as a gift from Fuchs obtained my first Donacia and his in-
structions in collecting members of the genus. Each box as it
was opened displayed more and more wonderful creatures and
far too soon, according to my idea, the boxes were closed and an
adjournment taken to “ Papa” Bornhagen’s saloon, on the ground
floor, where a choice table near a back window seemed to be
reserved for Fuchs as a constant and honored visitor.
Thereafter for a few years I met Fuchs frequently, but he was
at least twenty years my senior and the relation was that of a
boyish collector bringing his captures to be named. We never
went afield together but once. Fuchs must have been a diligent
collector before I knew him, for he had great quantities of local
insects and a fund of information as to their habits, but by the
time I knew them, few of the elderly members of the Brooklyn
Entomological Society went out frequently. They bought their
material from collectors like Morrison and Belfrage, and de-
pended for specimens to fill up their series of desirable local spe-
cies upon youngsters like myself who brought in their captures
to be named. ‘The one occasion upon which I remember Fuchs
* These much bebeeswaxed and betoothbrushed specimens never went
into the scientifically perfect collection of Mr. Fuchs. Later Mrs. Fuchs
developed great skill in preparing specimens.
Oct., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 75
in the field was at Clifton, N. J., when lunch time arrived soon
after we had reached the collecting grounds and the sad news was
broken that the only fluid obtainable was water. The disgust and
grief of Fuchs were extreme, but short-lived, for his thoughtful
spouse had taken the precaution before leaving home of attaching
a number of bottles containing his favorite liquid refreshment by
cords to a belt about her waist, the whole arrangement having
been concealed until the critical moment, by the ample folds in
her frock.
The connection of Fuchs with the Brooklyn Entomological
Society in its early years and with the publication of the first
volume of the BULLETIN was important and of the greatest value
to the Society. In view of the small number of articles that are
signed with his name, the part that he took in establishing the
BULLETIN is not self-evident, but to those whose memory runs
back far enough, it is well known that it was his enthusiasm and
business capacity that supplied much of its successful inception
and vigorous growth. Schaupp was the editor and partly the
author of the papers on Coleoptera. Graef and Tepper supplied
the papers on Lepidoptera. Schmelter and Gissler supplied shorter
papers on their own specialties. Merkel may have occasionally
supplied financial assistance and Luetgens the bibliography and
the wholesome criticism that was often necessary. Fuchs through-
out those early years helped Schaupp with everything that he was
attempting, supplied in the person of his relative Gustav Fuchs,
a recording secretary for the Society, and injected into all the
proceedings a hopeful enthusiasm that was contagious. Eight
in all, all Germans, worked at the making of the first volume of
the BULLETIN, each strong in his own department, and all encour-
aged and pushed forward by the buoyant nature of Charles Fuchs.
I think it was in 1884 that Fuchs went to San Francisco via
Panama and soon after his arrival there his friends in the east
began to receive splendid consignments of California beetles.
The beauty of his workmanship, especially in connection with the
smaller specimens that were mounted on points, was remarkable
in view of his bulk and apparent heaviness of touch. No one
ever received a specimen from him that was not absolutely per-.
fect. It was about this time that he began to make his collection
76 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
of the genera of the whole world, trying to get at least one speci-
men to exhibit the characters of the genus. His correspondence
is filled with allusions to this, his favorite topic, which in the
sixties he attacked with the enthusiasm of a boy. As a corre-
spondent he was curiously irregular, months or even years pass-
ing sometimes without a reply to a letter, but the spirit of help-
fulness was always present. When I was writing my paper on
Cicindelidz I had the choicest part of Fuchs’ collection in my
hands, including all his Omus and all the Omus he could borrow,
besides the types of Schaupp’s species, which by that time had
passed into his possession. One had only to ask and if he had
the specimen wanted or could get it, Fuchs would always prove
a willing friend.
Only once in his later life did I see him personally, when about
ten years ago he re-visited New York. The meeting was in the
Imperial Hotel, on Fulton Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., and the great
German, with his bushy hair and beard grizzled with age, put his
arms about my neck and embraced the one who was a boy when
he left New York: All who were present at that meeting will
recall the boyish enthusiasm that made the old man so remartk-
able. Years had brought no noticeable slackening of the pace,
no hesitation in action, speech or thought; except for the gray
hair it was the same Fuchs that had been a leader among the
founders of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. Tears, it is
true, came to his eyes, as we recalled the names of those who
had passed away, but they did not stay long, for his thoughts
were not in the past but looking forward to the years to come and
the things that he still hoped to accomplish. He was a man of
unusual vitality and personal magnetism, to whom hope and con-
tent were given in the fullest measure.
SHORT STUDIES IN GEOMETRIDZ&.
By RicHarp F. PEARSALL, Brooklyn, N. Y.
(Gypsochroa designata Huf.)—The genus Gypsochroa Hub. is
not applicable to any group of Hydriomene, as already noted by
Mr. Prout (Genera Ins., Fasc., 104 p. 71), where he places it in
Oct., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 77
the subfamily GEnochromine. Its type, the only species under it,
is a native of southwestern Russia. The species under considera-
tion (Dyar’s List 3438) together with Hydriomena intermediata
Guen., salvata Pears. and perhaps others, having the short dent-
icles of the antennz tipped with fascicles of ciliz, must, if geni-
talic likeness is to be considered, form a distinct generic group.
Just what genus it may be I cannot now determine, possibly some
of the older European genera having designata, or an allied
species for its type, may be found to cover all of them; so my
use of the term Gypsochroa is merely tentative. Our species is
well known. In the Catskill Mt. region it is double brooded, the
first imagos from overwintering pupz appearing from May 15
to June 10, and the second brood in July and early August. My
observations lead me to believe that the first brood feeds upon the
tender spring growth of the hemlock, and in the late summer
(Aug. 21, 1906) I took a single larva upon it, which was reared
to the imago. But the hemlock at this season becomes tough and
wiry, and evidently is not relished, for I found many larve of
the second brood had taken kindly to my flower border of sweet
alyssum (A. maritimum). In this region killing frosts early in
September sweep off such tender vegetation but some of my
hardier plants survived, and larve fed on them as late as October
10. I secured and reared some of these, and the following spring
twenty-one imagos were disclosed, of which eight were males.
Eleven more males, captured in various years, in the open wood-
land or at light, some in May, others in July, make a total of nine-
teen out of sixty-eight specimens before me—about one quarter
of the entire series. A study of these males disclosed the remark-
able fact that nine of them, or about one half, were furnished with
female antenne, and upon farther examination of the genitalia,
it was discovered that, as compared with the normal males, these
organs were a mass of minute parts in some cases, greatly dis-
torted but without trace of the female organism, so far as I could
perceive. Hence I conclude that such examples are true gynan-
dromorphs, and apparently are quite incapable of reproduction.
It is within reason to suppose that such aberrations may occur in
other species, and because of this many of our ablest systematic
workers have been led to regard antennal structure as not to be
78 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX
relied upon for generic separation. In this view I have never
concurred for freaks occur even in the highest order of mam-
malia, without disturbing the status of its type. Still another
unexpected outcome of my investigation proves that our Ameri-
can species is not the designata of Hufnagel.
Again through the helpfulness of Mr. Prout I was supplied with
the typical males of the forms of this European species, for it
seems that, beside the pink-banded form first described, their
other and more common form resembles in coloration our inter-
mediata Guen. I quote Mr. Prout in a recent letter: “ The clear,
cherry red form with little black markings in the outer half of
the band, such as I found common at Toronto, and have received
from Maine is quite rare with us. Indeed, I have only one from
near London, which really matches them. I send you one fairly
bright and clear, taken at Epping Forest, near London, and two
of the common forms (Essex and Germany ).”
The genitalic differences between these European forms do
not seem great, but as compared with our own, of which I have
made many mounts, there is a decided and constant difference
in the shape of the chief determining parts, so much as to force
me to the conclusion that, called originally designata because of
its resemblance thereto, we have in reality another species in our
fauna, very constant in its coloring of gray, with central band of
bright Dutch pink, while the European pink form clings to the
brownish hue of its ally.
Right: (Gypsochroa?) emendata n. sp. America.
Left: (Gypsochroa?) designata Huf. Europe.
As long ago as 1857, Guenee (Spec. gen. X. p. 413) placed it
apart as his var. A, and calls attention to the fact that the discal
point is not present, and this is borne out by my entire series. As
Oct., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 79
he had but one male before him, he did not venture to give it a
name. I propose for our species the name (Gypsochroa) emen-
data and for the males with female antennz, form gynandrata.
The accompanying figures of the ¢ genitalia illustrate the differ-
ences I have mentioned.
It must not be assumed that my endeavor is to detach every one
of our American species from its old name. If genitalic dif-
ferences led to such conclusion, I should be ready to doubt their
availability. But they do not. As a case in point I may cite
Hydria undulata Linn. I have examples of it from England and
from Bohemia, and there is absolutely no difference between
these and American specimens in form, venation, markings, color
variation, or in genitalia! To the systematist there is a real satis-
faction, but where the parent stock of the species sprang, why its
wide distribution has not changed it in the least, as appears to
have resulted in so many other forms, are problems for the evo-
lutionist to solve.
NEW NEOTROPICAL HETEROPTERA.
By J. R. pe LA Torre-BUENO, White Plains, N. Y.
Rutuba* gen. nov.:
Head shorter than thorax, anteocular part seen from the side
equal to the postocular; antenniferous tubercles apically spined.
First joint of the antenfz more than twice as long as the ante-
ocular part of the head, beneath unarmed; first joint half as
long as the second. Thorax longer than broad at the base,
narrowing sensibly anteriorly, anterior angles armed with a long
spine. Anterior femora armed exteriorly ‘beneath with four
long spines, the three shorter ones furcate and the longest simple,
long, at apex of femora, and a number of smaller spines; in-
teriorly toward the apex armed with a. very long spine. Anterior
tibiz one fourth shorter than femora, beneath interiorly with two
long spines and exteriorly with three. Last abdominal segment
in the males produced into two laterally diverging long spines.
This genus is near Pnirontis Stal.
* A gladiator of that name.
80 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
Type: Rutuba perpugnax Bueno.
Distribution: British Guiana.
Rutuba perpugnax sp. nov.
Head including genal spine twice as long as broad at the eyes
which are globose and set midway of the head. Ocelli nearly con-
tiguous to the eyes and centrally behind them. Antenniferous
tubercles with a sharp semi-erect spine pointing forward. Anten-
nz setose beneath; third joint shortest, one-third as long as fourth ;
second joint longest, longer than the head, but shorter than the
head and first joint taken together. First joint longer than the
head, with a long apical spine. Prothorax narrowing anteriorly,
three times as long as wide anteriorly, less than one-third longer
than wide at base, armed with a small blunt spine slightly above
basal angle, and another longer about one-third from the base;
base slightly sinuate. Scutellum longer than wide at base, tumid,
sides slightly rounded. Wings as wide as abdomen, semi-mem-
branous throughout, leaving two-thirds of the last abdominal seg-
ment exposed; membrane with three simple longitudinal nervures.
Abdomen five times as long, including the spines, as broad, sub-
parallel, basal angle of abdominal segments one to four produced
into a small black spine; fifth segment into a long pointed outwardly
diverging spine; sixth segment produced into two long acute spines,
two-thirds as long as the body of the segment, first to fourth seg-
ments keeled. Middle pair of legs shortest, femora and tibiz
simple in second and third pair. First pair spined, as in generic
description.
Dimensions: Head, long. 4 mm. with genal spines; lat. 2 mm.
with eyes. Prothorax, long. 4.5 mm., lat. at base 3.5 mm.; an-
terior margin, 1.5 mm. ‘Scutellum, long. 1.5 mm.; lat. 1.25 mm.
Abdomen; long. 17 mm-; lat. 3.5 mm. Totall-lengthi) 295 tama
greatest width, 3.5 mm.
Described from one ¢ from Tumatumari, Rio Potaro, British
Guiana, taken in April by J. M. Geddes.
Achillas* gen. nov.
Head little more than half as long as thorax, anteocular part
shorter than postocular, which is furnished with setigerous spines
* The murderer of Pompey.
Oct., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 81
beneath. First joint of antennz subequal to length of head,
armed with a few small spines. Thorax longer than broad at
base, much narrowed anteriorly, spinose at the edges. Anterior
femora armed with short spines above and beneath; posterior
simple; intermediate and posterior tibiz simple. Abdominal seg-
ments one to six ampliated near basal angle into foliaceous spined
lobes ; spined on the connexival edge.
This genus is somewhat obscure but it is Stenopodine in its
general facies and characters, and comes near Seridentus Osborne,
from which the foliaceous lobes at the basal angle of the ab-
dominal segments and the other characters given abundantly
separate it.
Type: Achillas bicaudatus Bueno.
Distribution: British Guiana.
Achillas bicaudatus sp. nov.
Head one-fifth longer than broad including the eyes, which are
globose and prominent, situated nearer the base than the front.
Ocelli nearer to the eyes than to each other, not prominent.
Front with two short spines directed anteriorly; head beneath
with three pairs of short simple setose spines, of which the
postocular pair is the longest, and that under the eyes the shortest.
The upper surface of the head is thickly set with an abundance of
short spines. Antennz: first joint stoutest, shorter than sec-
ond, set with short setigerous spines; second joint longest, sub-
equal to first joint and head taken together; third joint shortest,
fourth about one half longer; third and fourth joints taken to-
gether a little more than half as long as second, and shorter than
first. Prothorax narrowing anteriorly, over four times as long as
wide anteriorly and nearly four times as wide at the base as anteri-
orly, slightly sinuately, constricted about the middle and covered
with short spines, a few of those along the margins longer than
the others; base rounded.
Scutellum nearly parallel sinuately sided, abruptly coming to a
blunt semi-erect point, slightly tumid. Wings slightly narrower
than abdomen, leaving the foliaceous lobes exposed. Abdomen
four and a third times as long, including the lobes, as broad, nar-
rowing posteriorly, the sixth segment branching into two broad
flaring mucronate lobes. At the basal angle of each abdominal
82 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
segment is an outwardly extending foliaceous lobe, nearly one-
third the width of the segment on two to five, very small on one and
broadened extremely on six, to a broad mucronate lamellar expan-
sion 4 mm. from tip to tip. Between the lobes on the connexival
edge are three to four short stout spines and the posterior edges
of the last expansion are serrate. The smaller lobes are irregular
in outline, longer than broad and with two or three points on each.
Abdominal segments one and two keeled, three evanescently so.
Third pair of legs longest, simple, femora setose, tibize with a few
short, black spines exteriorly, longer than femora. Second pair
longer than the first ; femora with a single row of spines above, and
two beneath, tibiz with an external row of small black spines ; first
pair shortest, femora and tibize equal, femora much stouter than in
the others, armed with one row of strong spines beneath and one
above, tibiz simple, as the others.
Dimensions: Head, long. 2.3 mm.; lat. 1.9 mm., including
eyes. Prothorax, long 3.5 mimi; lat) ant. -8 mm posts eam
Scutellum, long. 1.2 mm., lat. 1 mm. Abdomen, long., including
lobes, 1.3 mm.; lat. 3 mm. at widest part, 4.4 mm. at lobes. Total
length, 18.8 mm., greatest width, 3 mm.
Described from one ¢ from the same locality and collector.
Eurylochus* gen. nov.
Head short, not produced beyond eyes, which are large and
prominently rounded and occupy nearly the whole head seen from
the side. Antenne moderately long, first joint stoutest and
curved, third and fourth filiform. Pronotum tumid, narrowing
anteriorly, with an irregular process at the anterior angles branch-
ing outward. Scutellum spined. Abdomen wider than hemelytra
and somewhat hollowed, beneath keeled. Legs simple. Proster-
num excavate and enclosed by two lamellar processes.
This genus is near Veseris Stal, from which it differs by absence
of spongy fossz on the anterior tibiz, by the long second joint of
the antennz and by the lateral processes to the excavate pro-
sternum.
Type: Eurylochus bellator Bueno.
Distribution: British Guiana.
* The only one of the companions of Ulysses that withstood Circe’s
magic cup.
Oct., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 83
Eurylochus bellator sp. nov.
Head with eyes about one-half broader than long, subequal to
width of anterior margin of thorax, including the processes. Eyes
’
large, globose, prominent, distance between them equal to the
breadth of one eye; seen from side they occupy nearly the entire
lateral part of the head. Ocelli situated back of the impressed line
running from eye to eye. Median deep impression on vertex
meeting the transverse impression. Antenne slender. First joint
stoutest, curved, rugulose longitudinally ; second joint pilose, slen-
derer than the first and five times as long; third and fourth joints
filiform, pilose, fourth shortest. Rostrum moderately stout,
curved, reaching middle of prosternum in the excavation. Pro-
notum about one half shorter than broad at the base, which is
rounded, more than twice as broad posteriorly as anteriorly.
Anterior angles provided with peculiar, blunt, somewhat irregular
outwardly directed processes. Posterior angles spined, spines
directed more or less posteriorly. Scutellum twice as broad at
base as long, including the black semi-erect spine at apex. Ab-
domen wider than hemelytra and hollowed, margin entire, with
a blunt keel beneath, not quite twice as long as broad. Hemelytra
reaching or slightly surpassing abdomen; membrane large. Legs
simple; femora postapically annulate with black; tibize black ex-
cept the basal fifth. Connexival edge with a black line at each
suture, from which spring two branching lines. Upper part of
insect speckled and mottled irregularly with brown and _ black.
Meso- and metathorax black, rugulose ; middle pale patch on both.
‘Abdomen pale with a black mark at each segment at the con-
nexivum and a row of black spots one on the anterior edge of each
segment midway between the keel and the edge of the connexivum.
Genital segment black.
Measurements: Head, long. 1.8 mm,; lat. 2.5 mm. Thorax,
long. 3.4 mm.; lat. ant. 2.5 (including processes) ; post. 5.5 mm.
to 5.9 mm. (excluding spines). Scutellum, long. 2 mm. (includ-
ing spine); lat. 4 mm. Abdomen from base of thorax, long. II
mm., 11.5 mm., 12 mm.; lat.6 mm.,6mm., 6.4 mm. Total length
of insect: 16.2 mm. to 17.2 mm.; greatest width (abdomen) 6
mm. to 6.4 mm,
84 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
Types: Three ¢$ from Tumatumari, Rio Potaro, British Gui-
ana, J. M. Geddes, collector.*
Mr. Edward L. Graef, in his very interesting article entitled
“Some Early Brooklyn Entomologists” published in the June
(1914) number of the BULLETIN, refers to the plates of the
Sphingidz gotten out by J. C. Weidenmeyer, S. Calverley and W.
H. Edwards. Mr. Edwards owned fourteen copies of these
plates and in 1903 sold them to the American Entomological So-
ciety. There were 27 plates, each set illustrating 132 figures.
This Society thought them of sufficient importance to publish the
fourteen sets. They were edited by myself and all were sold,
excepting the one colored set, which was retained by the Society.
The history of the plates is given in the published work. The
American Museum of Natural History and Cornell University
also possess colored sets. The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and
Sciences owns 25 to 30 sets, two of which are colored. Henry
Skinner, M.D., Sc.D.
The duplicate sets belonging to the Brooklyn Institute have since been
offered for exchange with the other museums of the world—Ed.
A butterfly, Colas eurytheme, was observed July 15, 1914,
flying up Carroll Street, Brooklyn, and alighting in the grass.
The specimen was a female and perfectly fresh. It was noted
at the time that the flight of the creature was different from its
congener, C. philodice, the wing surface being larger, more fragile
and beating the air more slowly. Previous Long Island records
are few.
* An account by Mr. Geddes of his own collecting is to be found in the
BuLieTin, Vol. VIII., pp. 118 et seq.
New Jersey Entomological Company
HERMAN H. BREHME, Manager
Dealers in Insects of all Orders. Lepidoptera, Cocoons and Pupz. Life
Histories. Cocoons and Pupae bought. Entomological Supplies, Insect
Pins, Cork, Riker Specimen Mounts, Nets, Spreading Boards, Boxes, ete.
74 THIRTEENTH AVENUE, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY
Oct., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 85
R. STAUDINGER & A. BANG-HAAS, Dresden-Blasewitz,
in their new Price List No. LVII. for 1914 (116 pag.), offer
more than 20,000 Species of well named Lepidoptera, set or in
papers, from all parts of the world, in finest condition ; 2,600
kinds of prepared larvae, etc. Separate price lists for Coleoptera
(30,000 species, 208 pag.), for Hymenoptera (3,600 species), Dip-
tera (2,900), Hemiptera (2,500), Orthoptera (1,200), Neuroptera
(630), Biological Objects (300). Discount for cash orders. Prices
low. We sell no more living pupe. Extraordinarily cheap cen-
turies and lots (List gratis). Fine species at very low prices.
Lots sent for selection.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY:
Sent postpaid on receipt of price by A. C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park
Place, Brooklyn. European Agent, W. Junk, Sachsischerstr. 68, Berlin,
W. 15.
THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomol-
ogy, by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by the Kny-Scheerer Co.,
404-410 West 27th St., N. Y. City, and Ward’s Natural Science Establish-
ment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
Pee ERATE Pa hohe. PII CeNe GO ah cue ciese Fiala vate wi Y olaie’nis’eaia apes 9 40% 2.00
Copies bound with interleaves for additions .................0000 2.50
BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
Vols. 1, 2 and 3 are out of print and will be bought at $1.50 each.
Remnants tt sale: At. NERAVONs 0c 5. yarn ep sels o's ow so esiennae seks 1.25
Woluimeno of the, bulletiny fom sdlecate. .cccce<2 +0 sioc-eciee soe eects 1.40
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 each 2.00
PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vol. 1 and 4, each ........ 2.00
Vols. 2 and 3 wanted.
SCHAUPP, Synopsis of the Cicindelide, 5 col. plates ........... 1.00
OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera ........ .50
PEE n Checklist of the Hemipteta’ ... cc. cec ccc coe cadence cds 25
Odd numbers of missing volumes of Papilio and Bulletin wanted at
full prices.
86 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.1X
OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA
WANTED.—Pupz of Papilio ajax and rutulus. Ward’s Natural Sci-
ence Establishment, 84 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
All kinds of Chrysalids, Cocoons, and Pupz wanted in exchange for
North American lepidoptera. Address: Herman H. Brehme, 74 Thirteenth
Ave., Newark, N. J.
Florida Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells,
and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla.
WANTED.—No. Am. Cerambycide and Buprestide, especially Agrilus;
will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above
families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass.
The undersigned will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey
species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey—Harry B. Weiss, 272
Hale St., New Brunswick, N. J.
Offer wanted for two cabinets, one of 24 book-form boxes, the other
of 20 drawers; includes about 1,800 fine specimens, butterfly boxes, spread-
ing boards, etc. Write to G. Wm. Reinecker, 66 Nelson Ave., Jersey
City, N. J.
The collection of the late G. W. Kirkaldy has come into my hands.
From his letters to me it would appear that there is loaned material con-
tained therein. If the lenders will communicate with me, I shall return
such of this loaned material as may still be in existence. J. R. de la Torre
Bueno, 14 Dusenbury Place, White Plains, N. Y.
THE BROOKLYN
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first
Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at 185
Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00.
OFFICERS, 1914
President
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
Vice-President
W. T. BATHER
Recording and Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
Treasurer
C. E. OLSEN
Librarian
A. C. WEEKS
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences
CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society
Published in
October, December, February, April and June of each year
Subscription price, domestic, $1.00 per year; foreign $1.25,
in advance; single copies 25 cents. Advertising rates on applica-
tion. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to ento-
mologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if
ordered in advance of publication, additional at cost. Address
subscriptions and all communications to
R. P. DOW, Editor,
15 Broad Street, New York City,
THE KNY-SCHEERER CO., ©
Department of Natural Science
G. LAGAI, Ph.D.
404-410 West 27th Street New York City
ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS __
North American and exotic insects of all orders i
in perfect condition. Single specimens and
collections illustrating mimicry, protective color-
ation, dimorphism, collections of representatives
of the different orders of insects, etc. , a
Series of specimens illustrating i insect life, color
variation, etc.. Metamorphoses of insects. om
a
4
ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLI ES i Mh 7
Collecting Utensils. if
Breeding Apparatus and Cages
for Living Animals
Preparing and Preserving Uten-
sils.
Cabinets, Insect Cases and Lin- »
ing Material.
Magnifiers.
Botanists’ Supplies.
Explorers’ and Collectors’ Camp
Outfits.
Miscellaneous Naturalists’ Sup-
plies.
Gclogist? Supplies:
Aquaria.
Boke and Publications.
Chemicals.
Illustrated Catalogues of Biological Supplies and Entomolog- — ; a
ical Supplies sent free on application. oo
MAE KNYASCHEERER cO.N.Y,
Vol. IX DECEMBER, 1914 © No. 5
fy
BULLETIN
OF THE
- BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY
NEW SERIES
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
yy, Chairman
| J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW,
Ai Advertising Manager Editor
A
4 Published by the Society
. Price, 25 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
eee een
See eee,
Ward’s Natural Science Fstablishment
84-102 COLLEGE AVENUE, :: :: ROCHESTER, N. Y.
We take pleasure in announcing to the reader of the
Bulletin that we have recently purchased the entire
stock in trade of the American Entomological Co., of
Brooklyn and respectfully solicit your patronage.
Our stock of Lepidoptera is the largest in the world.
We assemble here collections of all kinds, among
which we mention LIFE HISTORIES of ECONOMIC
INSECTS, collections showing MIMICRY AND PRO-
TECTIVE COLORATION as well as large or small
SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS.
We shall continue to manufacture the ONLY GEN-
UINE HAND MADE SCHMITT INSECT BOX
and the well known AMERICAN ENTOMOLOG-
ICAL CO’S INSECT PINS.
Our stock of Laboratory Material for Dissection is
very large and complete.
If you are interested in Entomology and wish to
receive our special lists as they are published, send us
your name for our mailing list.
Our Price List of Entomological Supplies will be
mailed free upon request.
Our Catalogue of Insects (Price 25c.) contains lists
and prices of Lepidoptera, Insect Collections and Lab-
oratory Material.
We are also acting as distributors for Dr. John B.
Smith’s Explanation of Entomological Terms, Price,
$2.00. A necessity to every Entomologist.
ee wo
Ward's Natural Sci
ence F‘stablishment
pete TEN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Vow. TX DECEMBER, I9QI4 No. 5
CONTENTS
NORESION THE GENUS RHODITES, Beutenmuller’...5.....2.: 87
Rao LaROPloM IN HEMIPTERA, Torré-Bueno . 2... 6.00. ses go
fiabeRUSStAN MASTERS IN COLEOPTERA, Dow -.. 00.53... 96
Pepewess UNDER A PILE OF (GRASS, Dury 2.2... .ieee 101
PEW es eClES- OF ATLANTICUS; Davis: «2.02.0. d.0% eb oe 104
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
Ba DN Beare rcek cee ce Stee Saas Te ret aks Gionate ov 6S RMR ae AMR be hee 106
fn SOULTHWEST MUSEUM OF LOS: ANGELES .....22.....5 109
NOTES ON THE GENUS RHODITES WITH DESCRIP-
TIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
By WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, New York.
Rhodites gracilis Ashm. Pl. V, fig. 10.
Hitherto this species has been known only by the types in the
collection of the United States National Museum, and the habitat
unknown. Mr. Lewis H. Weld collected the galls on Rosa lucida
or R. blanda at Evanston, Ill., and Mr. A. Cosens took it at
Toronto, Canada, on Rosa blanda. The gall occurs on the leaves,
sometimes covering the entire surface.
Rhodites mayeri Schl.
A single specimen of a gall of this European species was col-
lected by the late John B. Smith in a nursery at New Brunswick,
N. J., on a species of cultivated rose. The specimen was given to
me, and from it a single female emerged in May. The New
Jersey specimen agrees with that of R. mayeri from the Crimea,
Europe, in the U. S. Nat. Museum. This is the first record of
mayeri found in North America.
88 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.IX
Rhodites fulgens Gill.
Mr. Lewis H. Weld collected the galls of this species in Illinois
on the roots of Rosa rugosa. Hitherto not recorded from this
State. Dr. E. B. Southwick also collected it on Staten Island, N.Y.
Rhodites nodulosus Beutm. Pl. V, figs. 1-5.
This species was described in Entomological News, vol. x.,
1900, p. 247, and the gall is found on Rosa humilis. The galls
are here figured for the first time. They were collected by Miss
Cora H. Clarke at Magnolia, Mass.
Rhodites fusiformans Ashm. PI. V, figs. 6-8.
The galls of this species were taken by Mr. Lewis H. Weld at
_ Evanston, Ill., and by Mr. A. Cosens, Toronto, Can. Hitherto
the species has been known only from Colorado.
Rhodites verna O. S. Pl. V, fig. 9.
The galls here figured were drawn from the types in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass., and it is
possible that R. nodulosus will prove to be the same as FR. verna.
Rhodites californicus sp. nov. Pl. V, figs. 11-13.
Female: Head deep pitchy brown or almost black, densely
punctate and covered with short whitish hairs, mouth-parts reddish
brown. Antennz 14-jointed, first joint red, second pitchy brown,
third red, black at tip, remaining joints black. Thorax deep
reddish brown, pitchy brown along the anterior parallel lines and
along the lateral grooves, evenly and finely punctate. Anterior
parallel lines distinct and extending well backward. Parapsidal
grooves rather broad and well defined, continuous; and very
broadly apart at the scutellum. Median groove not evident.
Lateral grooves running parallel with the parapsidal and extend-
ing well forward to a little beyond the middle. Mesopleurae
punctate, piceous with a large reddish central area which is some-
what shining. Metanotum piceous and rugose. Scutellum rufous
and rugose, fovezee wanting. Abdomen piceous, rufous basally,
shining, and microscopically punctate, fourth to last segments
edged with short hairs terminally and more densely punctate than
the preceding ones. Legs rufous. Wings dusky hyaline, pubes-
cent; radial area closed, yellowish brown as are also the surround-
ing parts; veins heavy, brown; cubitus continuous; areolet large
and triangular. Length 3-4 mm.
Dec., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 89
Male: Wholly pitchy black. Legs rufous. Anterior parallel
lines less distinct, and with traces of a median groove. Antenne
14-jointed, all pitchy black. Abdomen small and wholly black,
first, second and third segments smooth and shining, following
segments densely punctate. Wing without the yellowish cloud in
the radial area, veins very heavy. Length 2.25—3 mm.
Gall: On the terminal parts of the branches of wild rose (Rosa
sp.). Green, polythalamous, round or irregularly rounded or
somewhat elongate, swelling, covered with numerous aborted
leaflets and filaments, giving it a mossy appearance, somewhat
like that of R. rose with the mossy substance removed. Inside it
is a dense pithy substance with numerous larval cells. Diameter
20-35 mm.
Habitat: Berkeley, Cal. (Dr. E. C. Van Dyke). Types: W. B.;
paratypes: Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass.; Am. Ent. Soc.,
U. S. Nat. Mus. and British Mus.
The galls were found on a species of wild roses brought from
the San Jacinto Valley in Southern California and planted in a
garden, and the gall probably occurs on other species of wild
roses. It matures in November and the flies emerge in February
and March.
Rhodites pustulatoides sp. nov.
Female: Head jet black, somewhat shining, rugose with shining
raised pustules on the lower part of the face and with short
whitish hairs. Antennz 15-jointed, first and second joints very
short, red; third joint very long, becoming stouter toward the
apex; fourth and fifth joints shorter than the third, equal in
length, and quite stout, remaining joints less stout and subequal,
all black with raised granules and very short hairs. Thorax jet
black, coarsely rugose with many shining pustules; the parallel
lines, parapsidal and lateral grooves are all lost in the rugosity of
the surface and are but scarcely indicated. Pleure coarsely
rugose and without a smooth central area. Scutellum very
coarsely rugose much more so than the thorax. Abdomen
smooth, shining and uniform red, anal segments punctate. Legs
yellowish-red. Wings yellowish hyaline, veins very stout; radial
area closed; second cross-vein with a large tooth; cubitus con-
tinuous; areolet large; cross-veins narrowly infuscated. Length,
2.75 mm.
90 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.IX
Male: Uniform black, legs yellowish brown, middle and hind
coxe pitchy brown. Thorax less pustulate with the lines and
grooves more distinct. Wings hyaline, not yellowish as in the
female and with the veins very broad. Antennz wholly black.
Length 2 mm.
Habitat: Millers, Indiana (L. H. Weld).
The rose galls that gave these Rhodites were collected by Mr.
Lewis H. Weld, at Millers, Ind., on the sand dunes, June 25, 1912.
Some of them were opened November 28, 1912, and compound
eyes were beginning to show, indicating that they were about to
pupate. The galls were put out of doors during the winter and
the flies emerged May 24, 1913. Mr. Weld does not remember
the galls except that they look like those of R. nebulosus Bass,
and were found on the leaves of a wild rose. The species is allied
to R. ignota and bicolor, but differs from these in the sculpture of
the thorax.
Rhodites nebulosus Bass.
Specimens of this species were collected at Toronto, Canada,
by Mr. A. Cosens. Previously it was known only from Con-
necticut and New York. I found the galls in New Jersey also.
PHOTOTROPISM IN HETEROPTERA.
By J. R. DE LA TorrE-BuENO, White Plains, N. Y.
Phototropism is defined as the reaction of the organism toward
light. Its commonest, or most readily observed, form is the at-
traction that bright lights have for many insects. It is not to be
assumed that this is the most usual manifestation of the phe-
nomenon, since its negative or repellant form can be observed
only by direct experimentation carefully controlled, even though
it be a familiar fact that certain living beings shun light. Direct
observations on the order Hemiptera are as unusual in this
as in other aspects. What little is known has been casually
learned and refers to comparatively few species. The experi-
ments of Holmes on Ranatra* are perhaps the most complete
* S. J. Holmes, “ The Tropisms and their Relations to the more complex
Modes of Behavior,” Bull. Wisc. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1912, X, pp. 13/23.
Vot. IX. PLATE 5.
BULLETIN BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
REODITES—BEUTENMULLER.
Dec., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society oil
series of tests of the reactions in the Heteroptera. Observations
while collecting, especially with trap lights, are more abundant.
In this country the night flights of the larger Belostomatids are
known to all, even to non-entomologists. All our Lethocerus
come in great numbers to the electric-light globes, and are the
most familiar examples of positive phototropism.
To published records are added the following Miridz which
flew into my light globe at White Plains, kindly determined by
Mr. Otto Heidemann:
Trigonotylus brevipes Jak. (3) Poeciloscytus basalis Reut.
Trigonotylus confusus Reut. Orthotylus flavosparsus Sahlb.
A large trap light maintained at the Bussey Institution, Forest
Hills, Mass., has yielded the following :
Reduvius personatus Linn. Pseudoxenetus scutellatus Uhler
Lygus invitus Say Plagiognathus fuscosus Prov.
Lygus pratensis Linn. Miris dolobratus Linn.
Four years ago in the plaza under the electric lights at Monter-
rey, Mexico, I picked up these species.
Pamera bilobata Say, one specimen.
Lygaeus circumlitus Stal, 5 specimens, not heretofore recorded from
Nuevo Leon.
Dysdercus obscuratus Dist., heretofore known only from Guatemala and
Costa Rica.
To these are now added twenty-six species taken in British
Guiana by Mr. J. M. Geddes, who writes that they all came to the
trap light while he was catching moths. Added to each is a brief
note as to its distribution, and it is worthy of recognition that in
many instances it extends notably the spread of the insect. All
were secured at the same place, Tumatumari, on the Rio Potaro.
Loxa flavicollis Drury, a widespread species, recorded from Southern U.
S. (Texas and Florida) to Rio Janeiro and the Antilles, as well as from
this region.
Arocera apta Walker, known from British Guiana and recorded from
Panama to Brazil.
Neodine macraspis Perty. Apparently known only from French Guiana.
Empicoris histrio Linn. Known from northern Brazil only.
Augocoris gomesii Burm., var. eneonigra Kirk. A species known before
from Mexico, Venezuela and Brazil, but not from British Guiana.
92 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
Prolobodes giganteus A. & S. Although it extends from Honduras and
Colombia to Brazil and Argentine, it is seemingly not known from
British Guiana.
Melucha lineatella Fabr.
Nematopus indus Linn. A very common form.
Hypselonotus fulvus De G.
Oncopeltus varicolor Fabr. Extends from California and Mexico to the
Argentine Republic and the Antilles; not heretofore recognized from
British Guiana.
Rutuba perpugnax Bueno, described in Butitetin, IX, No. 4.
Achillas bicaudatus Bueno, described in BuLLetin, 1X, No. 4.
Salyavata variegata A. & S., not recorded from British Guiana, although
extending from Nicaragua to Brazil.
_ Leogorrus litura Fabr. A very common species from Mexico and the
West Indies to Southern Brazil.
Spiniger nigripennis Stal. Recorded by its author from Surinam only.
Eurylochus bellator Bueno. Described in BULLETIN, IX, no. 4.
Lamus geniculatus Stal.
Eratyrus mucronatus Stal. Seemingly not recorded since described from
Demerara, British Guiana.
Rasahus sulcicolis Serv. Ranges from Lower California to Brazil, but
heretofore unknown from British Guiana.
Sirthenea stria Fabr. A common species from the U. S. and West Indies
to the Argentine Republic, now recorded from British Guiana.
Daraxa nigripes Stal. The most northern record of this species, hereto-
fore known only from the Argentine Republic.
Apiomerus geniculatus Er. A common species in the Guianas and Brazil.
Manicocoris rufipes Fabr. Familiar in collections from the Guianas.
Heniartes flavicans Fabr. One of the most abundant Reduviide from
the Guianas to the Argentine.
Heza sericans Stal. This handsome Brazilian species now recorded from
British Guiana.
Pleogaster mammosus A. & S. Common from French Guiana.
All the other species of Heteroptera found recorded as coming
to light are enumerated in the following list. The numbers ap-
pended refer to the bibliography.
Mormidea ypsilon Linn. Grenada, Thyantacustator Fabr. Texas (23)
W. I.- (9) Th. perditor Fabr. Colo. (27)
Euschistus variolarius P. B. Th. rugulosa Say. Colo. (14) —
Kansas (27) Banasa lenticularis Uhl. Grenada
E. euschistoides Voll. (as fissilis). (29)
Colo. (14) Agonosoma flavolineatum Lap.
En SenuussSayamlexasn(23)) Grenada (29)
Dec., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 93
A. trilineatum Fabr. Grenada (29)
Symphylus deplanatus H._ S.
Grenada (29)
Amnestus pusillus Uhl.
Alydus pallescens Stal.
(29)
Harmostes procerus Berg. Argen-
tine (2). Berg states that “it
enters dwellings at night seeking
the lamp lights and covers the
tables.”
Nysius providus Uhl.
N. simulans Stal. Argentine (2).
“This small Hemipteron fre-
quently abounds in Buenos Aires
and comes into the houses at
night seeking the light and cover-
ing lamps, tables, etc.”
N. inaequalis Uhl. Grenada (29)
Kan. (27)
Grenada
N,, T. (9)
Neoninus illustris Dist. Grenada
(29)
Blissus leucopterus Say. Kan.
(27)
Tetyra bipunctata H. S. N.Y. (9)
Cyrtomenus vestigiatus Dist. Cent.
Am. (11)
Pachygrontha edancalodes Stal.
Grenada (29)
Myodocha serripes Fabr. Kan.
(27)
Heraeus plebejus Stal. N. Y. (8)
Pamera basalis Dallas. Kan. (27)
P. bimaculata Uhl. N. Y. (9)
Cnemodus mavortius Say. Kan.
(27)
Ozophora picturata Uhl. N. Y.
(9)
Dysdercus andree Linn. Jamaica
(30)
Callimiris tarsalis Reut. Kan. (27)
Phytocoris eximius Reut. Grenada
(29)
Ph. desertorum Reut. Algeria
(24)
P. cuneatus Dist. Grenada (29)
Argyrocoris scurrilis V. D, Ari-
zona (32)
Adelphocoris rapidus Say. Texas
(23). “Captured 165 specimens
by the use of 3 trap lanterns”
in one night.
Fulvius atratus
(29)
Thaumastomiris piceatus Dist. In-
dia (10) “abundant at light.”
Ilnacora stalii Reut. N.Y. (Olsen)
Psallus politus Uhl. Grenada (29)
Microvelia repentina Dist. Ceylon
Dist. Grenada
(10). “In a moth trap.”
Gerris thoracicus Schumm. | Asia
(19)
G. tristan Kirk. Ceylon (19)
Ploiariola errabunda Say. N. Y.
(i) 5: Penn €93)
Emesopsis nubilus Uhl.
(290)
Oncerotrachelus acuminatus
Grenada (29); N. Y. (6)
Pygolamapis pectoralis Say. Kan.
(27)
Sastrapada
Ceylon (20)
Stenopoda culiciformis Fabr. N.
¥(6)3 Kan. (27)
Grenada
Say.
baerensprungi Stal.
Narvesus carolinensis Stal. Gren-
ada (29)
Reduvius personatus Linn. Europe
(12, 24a); N. Y. (8); Quebec
(22)
Melanolestes picipes H. S. Kan.
(27, 17)
Rasahus hamatus Fabr:
(29)
R. sulcicollis Serv. Grenada (29)
Sirthenea stria Fabr. N. J. (25);
Grenada (29); Florida (31)
Reduviolus ferus Linn. Kan. (27)
Reduviolus sp. Ceylon (20)
Grenada
Ranatra linearis Linn. Europe
(13)
Ilyocoris cimicoides Linn. Europe.
De Geer is cited as authority for
this by Kirkaldy (19)
94 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.1IX
Benacus griseus Say. Texas; Ill. Arctocorisa alternata Say. Kan.
Gis) ee Nore Garren (5) seen CO} (27)
2a Benn 2(33)i Ne a 5) a AS expleta: Ohi iColosGz)
Blonidag(3in) ie Keaneen(e7) Corixa pygme@ea Fieb. Jamaica.
Lethocerus americanus Leidy as “Comes to light in great num-
above (6, 25) bers.” (Kirkaldy)
L. uhleri Mont. as above (5, 25, 27, Corixa spp. not named. Nor. Car.
31)
L. obscurus Duf. as above (6, 25)
L. annulipes H. S. Costa Rica (4).
“Often picked up in the streets,
principally at night.”
L. collosicus Stal. Costa Rica (4)
_ L. niloticus Stal. (10). “ Abundant
(7); Minn. (21); “attracted in
large numbers to light.” United
States (28)
Micronecta lucina Dist. India (10)
M. minthe Dist. India (10)
M. dione Dist. India (10)
M. striata Fieb. India (10). “In
at light in South Africa.” (Dis- October they flew to my lamps in
tant) numbers every day.” (Distant)
L. deyrolli Vuill. India (10) Notonecta variabilis Fieb. Argen-
Belostoma (=Lethocerus). Tenn. tine (2). “In summer and au-
(26) tumn enters houses seeking the
Pedinocoris macronyx Mayr. Cali- light of the lamps, etc.” (Berg).
fornia (16) Notonecta spp. Minn. (21)
It is curious that although the European fauna is the most
studied of all, records of only three Heteroptera at light have
been found, most of the observations referring to Reduvius per-
sonatus well-known as a night hunter. Out of the 1,971 species
enumerated in Fauna of British India by Distant, seven only have
been noted as coming to light. Published American records are
greater in number and 39 species have been observed or caught
at light, the repeated observations being on Benacus and
Lethocerus.
Published records give a total of Heteroptera coming to light
of only 75 species out of the 20,000 described. To these few are
now added 37, of which 25 represent the British Guiana material
and 12 heretofore unpublished North American records, raising
this total to 112 species. In general, they are species which lie
more or less concealed by day and it may be reasonably deduced
for many of the others, as is well known of Reduvius, that night
is their chief period of activity. Certain others, notably the
Miridz, are probably denizens of nearby grass clumps or bushes.
Many, especially the aquatic species, are great travellers by night
and in their migrations in force fall victims to the attraction of
bright light as they wing their way from one retreat to another.
Dec., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 95
10.
EE.
12,
13.
14.
BS
16.
Te
18.
10.
20.
21.
22.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
. Banks, Nathan. 1909. Notes on our Species of Emeside. Psyche,
pp. 43/8.
. Berg, Carlos. 1879. Hemiptera Argentina-Buenos Aires, R. A.
. Bueno, J. R. de la Torre. 1905. Hemiptera Occurring within 70
Miles of New York. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XIII, pp. 29-47.
. Ibid. 1906. On Some Aquatic Hemiptera from Costa Rica. Ent.
News, XVII, pp. 54-57.
. Ibid. and C. S. Brimley. 1907. On Some Heteropterous Hemiptera
from North Carolina. Ent. News, XVIII, pp. 433-43.
. Ibid. 1909. Hemiptera Heteroptera of Westchester Co., N. Y. Journ.
Ny Y. Ent. Soc., XVI, pp. 223-38.
. Ibid. and G. P. Engelhardt. 1910. Some Heteroptera from Vir-
ginia and North Carolina. Can. Ent., XLII, pp. 147-51.
. Ibid. 1910. Westchester Hemiptera, II]. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc,
XVIII, pp. 22-33.
. Ibid. 1912. Three Days in the Pines of Yaphank. Can. Ent., XLIV,
pp. 209-13.
Distant, W. L. 1902-10. Rhynchota, Vols. I-V in Fauna of British
India.
Ibid. 1903. Additions to the Rhynchotal Fauna of Central America.
Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., pp. 525-27.
Douglas, J. W., and Scott, John. 1865. The British Hemiptera, Vol.
I. Ray Society, London.
Fairemaire, L. Hémiptéres-Musée Scolaire Deyrolle, Paris.
Gillette, C. P., and Baker, Carl F. 1805. A Preliminary List of the
Hemiptera of Colorado. Bull. 31, Tech. Ser. I, Colo. State Agric.
Exp,, Sta.
Hart, C. A. Animals of the Mississippi River Bottoms. Bull. III.
Lab. Nat. Hist., III, pp. 123-84.
Harvey, G. W. 1907. A Ferocious Water Bug. Can. Ent., pp. 19-21.
Howard, L. O. tIg00. The Insects to which the Name Kissing Bug
was Applied during the Summer of 1899. Bull. 22, N. S., Div.
Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr.
Kirkaldy, G. W. 1899-1900. On Some Aquatic Hemiptera from
Jamaica. Can. Ent., XXXII, no. 129, pp. 28-30, and XXXIII, no.
112, pp. 270-73.
Ibid. 1809 to 1908. Guide to the Study of British Waterburgs. Ent.
XXXII, no. 432, pp. 108-15, and irregular intervals thereafter.
Ibid. 1908. Notes on Some Sinhalese Hemiptera. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.,
LII, pp. 9-14:
Lugger, Otto. 1900. Bugs Injurious to Cultivated Plants. Bull.
69, Agric. Exp. Sta., Ent. Div., Minn.
Moore, G. A. 1907. List of Hemiptera taken at Como, Que. Can.
Ent., XX XIX, pp. 161-3.
96 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.IX
23. Morrill, A. W. toto. Plant Bugs Injurious to Cotton Bolls. Bull.
86, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr.
24. Reuter, O. M. 1900. Hemiptera Gymnocerata in Algeria. Finska
Vet. Soc. Ofv., Bd. XLII, pp. 240-58.
24°. Saunders, Edw. 1892. Hemiptera Heteroptera of the British Islands.
25. Smith, J. B. 1910. Insects of New Jersey. N. J. State Mus.
26. Summers, H. E. 1891. The True Bugs, or Heteroptera, of Tenn.
Bull. Agr. Exp. Sta. Univ. Tenn., Vol. IV, 3.
27. Tucker, E. S. 1907. Some Results of Desultory Collecting of In-
sects in Kansas and Colorado. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull. IV, no. 2, pp.
52-112.
28. Uhler, P. R. 1885. Hemiptera, in Kingsley’s Standard Natural His-
Hon Welly OE.
29. Ibid. 1804. On the Hemiptera Heteroptera of the Island of Grenada,
W. 1. Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., pp. 167-224.
30. Van Duzee, E. P., 1907. Notes on Jamaican Hemiptera. Bull. Buff.
Soc Nat scion Ulli p tO:
31. Ibid. 1909. Observations on some Hemiptera taken in Florida. Op.
cit., IX, pp. 149-230.
32. Ibid. 1912. Hemipterological Gleanings. Op. cit., X, pp. 477-512.
33. Wirtner, Rev. P. Modestus. 1904. A Preliminary List of the
Hemiptera of Western Pennsylvania. Ann. Carnegie Mus., III,
pp. 183-232.
THE RUSSIAN MASTERS IN COLEOPTERA.
By R. P. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y.
In the half dozen papers of historical nature which have so far
appeared in the BuLLETIN, and which were originally designed
to give a little explanation of the abbreviated name of every man
who has appeared as describing beetle species, but which have
expanded into a disconnected history of Coleopterology, there was
sketched: the spread of the.Linnean science over Europe from
1755 to 1800; then its first devotees in America, Melsheimer, Say,
Harris and others; its rise in England up to the death of Kirby;
its spread in France up to the death of Dejean. To adhere to
a logical order, if not consistent chronology, one must consider
now the coleopterists of other lands up to the all important date
in the science, 1844, when our own Leconte entered into a world
mastery of the subject. There is little difficulty in dividing the
Dec., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society oF,
subject into convenient groups. The German school of the first
half of the nineteenth century, while not so strong numerically—
so far as describers of American species are concerned—as the
French, is of such vast importance that it could not be sketched
in outline short of many papers. The Swedish school was limited
to the first period of Linnean history. Italy has contributed com-
paratively little, although furnishing a few great names—notably
Bonelli, Rossi, and the Costas, father and son. Both the latter
devoted themselves to the fauna of the kingdom of Naples, the
elder writing from 1821 to 1847, the younger from 1838 to 18509.
Scopoli, whose work was considered by Kirby as second only to
that of Linné, belongs to the German school in spite of his Italian
name and professorship at Pavia. His great work was published
in Vienna. He has a few species in the American checklist. Of
the early masters Spain does not appear to have furnished any,
although in the period now being considered Dr. Felipe Poey,
writing from 1832 to 1851, was the Father of Cuban Entomology.
He was principally a lepidopterist, but described one species of
beetle, Catorama bibliothecarum.
The Russian school had its great career from about 1805 to the
death of Motschulsky. True, it had a German origin, as did many
aspects of Russian civilization through the German culture im-
ported by Peter the Great. When the great Leconte, in the
forties, attached to the expedition of John C. Frémont to ascer-
tain the most feasible route for a railroad from the Mississippi
River to the Pacific coast, reached his destination, he found that
Russian beetle collectors had been there twenty years before. He
knew nothing at the time but learned slowly of what they had
found. Russia was an old nation with a new civilization—as-
cendant from the defeat of Napoleon—becoming a world factor.
The Linnean study reached it inevitably. Museums were
founded, teachers imported (generally Germans), societies
formed. Many rich men took up the collecting hobby. On the
whole they were collectors rather than careful students, in spite
of the great number of new species and genera they described.
They were widely scattered but they combined to make their
publication at Moscow famous everywhere.
This school begins with M. Adams of Moscow, a pupil of
98 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
Fabricius, whose one American species is Carabus vietinghovii.
Russian territory extended 3,000 miles eastward, all new to col-
lectors, beginning with the very boundary of Siberia. It knew no
exact confines across the Pacific. The province of Alaska was
wholly vague, etxending from the North Pole to the Spanish
Mexico, subject only to the undefined claims of Great Britain
and the United States to the coast. The only American expedi-
tion to the coast was that of Lewis and Clark, about 1796. The
inhabitants were Esquimaux, Indians and a few fur traders, until
an old Spanish civilization was encountered in southern California.
This vast domain was the Russian coleopterist’s field and one pre-
cisely to his taste. Everything going into his collection was new,
unless it was circumpolar, the risk of creating synonyms was mil
except for such things as had been described from Scandinavia,
Lapland, or out of the Otto Fabricius material from Greenland.
Before Say had gone to New Harmony and when Kirby was
beginning to look at his boreal American insects, the Russian
Imperial Chamberlain fitted out an exploring expedition under
Captain (afterwards Admiral) Kotzebue. Two voyages were
made around the world, around Cape Horn and exploring both
sides of the Pacific. The naturalist of the first voyage was Adel-
bert von Chamisso, far better known as a poet. His only appear-
ance in our checkist is in the possessive case—Carabus chamissonis
Fisch. About this beetle he wrote quite a poem.
Dr. Eschscholtz of Dorpat in Livonia sailed on the second
voyage in the double capacity of surgeon and naturalist. This
man’s first paper, a description of 30 new beetles, was published
in St. Petersburg in 1818. His actual stay in California was
limited to about two months. He wrote among others, mono-
graphs on Passalus and the Elateride and “ Genera and Species
of Staphylinide,” his most famous work. His atlas on the
Kotzebue collection appeared in 1829, but was left incomplete, as
this true scholar died suddenly at the age of 40. His collection
passed to Motschulsky, thence to the Society of Naturalists of
Moscow. His creation of genera applicable to America was 43,
his species 42.
Count C. G. von Mannerheim did much to make the Moscow
Bulletin famous. Noble by birth and wealthy by inheritance, he
Dec. 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 99
had a most intense love for the science and aspired toward a
scholarship of high order. He is beyond a doubt the greatest
figure of the Russian school. He made a brave trial for exact-
ness. He found time to describe species even throughout his long
term as Governor of Finland. His first paper appeared in 1823,
his last in 1854. He died during a visit to Stockholm to inspect
the Schonherr collection. He was never in United States terri-
tory. His library, unusually large, and his collection remain in
the Museum of Helsingfors. His American genera were 21, his
species 244, and the majority of his types now exist. Of his
species 21 figure in the checklist as unrecognized. This is not due
to carelessness on his part. On the whole, his localities and other
data are more carefully and reliably given than by many more
recent writers. His “Coleopterous Fauna of California” con-
tains descriptions of 300 species. This includes the collections of
the first voyage of Kotzebue, the localities of which were badly
mixed up, as he and Dr. Eschscholtz well knew. To make the
best of a bad case Motschulsky described all these as from Alaska.
They were corrected as far as possible by Mannerheim in the
preface to his third “ Nachtrag.”’ He was fortunate in getting
some thoroughly scientific men to collect for him, notably Dr.
Frankenhaueser and Mr. Holmberg, but, of course, got all the
material he could wherever he could.
The life of G. Fischer von Waldheim was somewhat similar.
A Saxon, he was president of the Moscow Academy and con-
tributed wholly to the Russian school. He bought his material,
and wrote from 1806 to 1846. His chief work was the “ Entomol-
ogy of the Russian Empire.” This great work was encyclopedic
at its time, a costly monument, still treasured by every bibliophile.
His American species were 2 and genera 3, mostly circumpolar.
Lieut. Victor von Motschulsky, later Colonel, began his con-
tributions to the Moscow bulletin in 1834. In youth he had
traveled over much of the eastern Russian Empire. He began a
correspondence with Leconte in 1843, and wrote until 1861. In
1853-4 he made the grand tour of America (including Panama).
His genera were 26, his American species 154, but he described 48
species unplaced in the checklist. When in this country he paid
at least one long visit to Leconte and named all his own species
100 ~=Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.1X
in the latter’s collection, as well as all he could be sure of that
Fischer, Mannerheim and Eschscholtz had described. Leconte
personally never saw the types of the great Russian collectors,
and our knowledge of them is largely fide Motschulsky and Baron
Chaudoir, who made many comparisons, including the Eschscholtz
types, for a number of years. In 1857 Leconte added up the
known species of our Pacific coast as 540.
If the career of Mannerheim be the most important in Russian
history, his work marked throughout with Teutonic method, care
and accuracy, that of Motschulsky is the most intensely Russian.
While others acquired collections by purchase, he got his by
personal work in the field. No province of the Russian Empire
was unvisited. No task of military service was too exacting to
deprive him of-a few hours daily collecting. Just as Dejean dis-
mounted on the field of Waterloo to pick up a strange beetle so
did Motschulsky ; he never ceased for an hour to be a Coleopterist.
He had all the failings of the military caste. He was arbitrary,
often overbearing, never to be contradicted. A volume could
easily be written on his personality. In his later years he gained
much recognition from his Imperial master and was given many
honorary, even sinecure, details, in which his beetle work could
remain paramount.
When Motschulsky died, he left his collection to the Society
of Naturalists of Moscow. Few types survive. Neglect cannot
be wholly charged for this loss. Entomological kleptomania is a
peculiar phase of human nature. It is mainly confined to men
who would under no circumstances take any sum of money or any
thing else usually esteemed valuable, but who cannot resist the
temptation to take a specimen lacking in their own collection. A
friend’s collection is occasionally sacred, a public collection never.
One of the best known lepidopterists once made an open con-
fession that if he wanted his neighbor’s butterfly he would try to
buy it or get it by exchange. Failing these he would steal it if he
ever got the chance. Dr. Geo. H. Horn told a story of a visitor,
a well known collector and man of wealth. A year later this
man mailed to the Doctor six beetle types. He had spent the
evening alone in the Doctor’s rooms, but he had the eventual
conscience. “The joke of it is,’ added the Doctor, “I never
Dec., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 101
would have missed them.” Every museum collection, unless
watched with argus eyes, suffers from this kleptomania. Stories
are told by men still living of the dispersal of the Motschulsky
types. A coin in the hand of a venal attendant and a bug missing.
“A paltry bug! What are these lunatics who give up a rouble
for one!” Whole boxes occasionally went. Last winter a dis-
covery was made that there were 285 boxes of Motschulsky ma-
terial stored in the basement of the Museum, but in bad condition.
Among other notable contributors to the Moscow school, F.
W. Maklin, employed in the Museum, writing from 1845 to 1856,
contributed 82 American species; the two Sahlbergs, of Finland,
worked over beetles, publishing in Moscow from 1817 to 1848;
von Gebler from 1817 to 1859, has 3 American species ; Ménétriés,
head of the St. Petersburg Museum, was a lepidopterist but he
found the opportunity to describe 8 American beetles; he was an
exception in Russian Entomology, being Parisian by birth and
education: von Nordmann worked over Lepidoptera and Staphy-
linidae in Helsingfors from 1837 to 1851, contributing 6 American
species and 3 genera of beetles. Morawsky was the successor of
Ménétriés, represented by one American beetle. Baron Chaudoir
contributed largely to the glory of the Moscow school, but he
really belongs to a later age—that of Leconte in his prime.
Chronicle here, however, that, after various vicissitudes, the Cara-
bidae from the famous collection of Dejean came into the posses-
sion of Baron Chaudoir, whence they were bought after his death
by René Oberthur, of France, who still owns them. It must be
remembered, also, that there were three Sahlbergs who were
coleopterists. The youngest belongs to our own generation.
WHAT I FOUND UNDER A PILE OF GRASS.
By Cuartes Dury, Cincinnati, Ohio.
About June 3, while I was absent my son mowed the lawn and
carried the cut blue grass into the back yard, throwing it on a bare
spot, where he left it, boylike, his motto being: Never do today
- what you can do tomorrow. To refresh himself after his labor
102 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
he devoured part of a watermelon, the rind of which he hid under
the pile. When I came back some days later I picked up the mass
to take it away, thinking of the song: Everybody works but
Father.
It was swarming with insects. I ran for a cyanide bottle and
got busy. And, have been busy ever since. I have identified 118
species of Coleoptera and have about 25 still to identify. The
pile would not fill a wheelbarrow and the locality is one of the
built-up suburbs of Cincinnati. The weather was very hot and
dry, so I kept the pile moist, particularly beneath it. A study of
what was taking place beneath that hay is quite interesting, and
would cause an advocate of brotherly love to sit up and take
notice. The predaceous species were devouring the weaker ones.
Several species of ants were always busy and the ground was
honeycombed with the burrows of various larve. I have never
before found the curious Nitidulid beetle, Orycnemus histrina
Lec. except in a “stink horn fungus.” It is one of nature’s
mysteries where this species lives when there are none of these
fungi growing. Let a warm rain occur and these odd but ill —
smelling plants come up in one night. Tear them open and most
likely there will be some of these beetles inside. Pleurophorus
cesus Panz. is said to live in the excrement of Passa/us cornutus,
but many occurred under the grass and some of them had so
recently hatched that I believe they emerged from the soft ground
under the pile. There certainly were no Passalus anywhere near.
Below is a list of the species so far identified:
Nottophilus semistriatus Say. Amsodactylus harrisi Lec.
Dyschirius globulosus Say. Harpalus nitidulus Chd.
Pterostichus permundus Say. pennsylvanicus DeG.
Evarthrus sodalis Lec. Cryptopleurum vagans Lec.
Bembidium versicolor Lec. Cercyon pretextum Say.
Amara angustata Say. bygmeus Ill.
Scarites subterraneus Fab. naviculare Zimm.
Stenolophus conjunctus Say. lugubris Payk.
rotundatus Lec. pubescens Lec.
ochropezus Say. Falagria dissecta Er.
Cratacanthus dubius Beauv. Aleochara brachypterus Fauyv.
Agonoderus partiarius Say. pleuralis Casey.
pallipes Fab. bimaculata Grav.
Bradycellus rupestris Say. Actobius sobrinus Er.
Dec., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 108
Atheta palustris Kies.
dentata Brnh.
sordida Marsh.
dichroa Grav.
Philonthus micans Grav.
nigritulus Grav.
brunneus Grav.
cephalotes Grav.
discoideus Grav.
hepaticus Er.
Meronera venustula Er.
Trichiusa atra Casey.
Oligota pedalis Lec.
Sunius binotatus Say.
discopunctatus Say.
Apocellus sphericollis Say.
Oxytelus insignitus Grav.
exiguus Er.
placusinus Lec.
Stilicus angularis Lec.
biarmatus Lec.
Stenus subtilis Casey.
alacer Casey.
Edaphus nitidus Lec.
Siagonum americanum Melsh.
Lithocharis ochracea Grav.
Platystethus americanus Er.
Belonuchus formosus Grav.
Lathrobiella ambigua Lec.
Xantholinus pusillus Sch.
Lispinus linearis Er.
Heterothops pusio Lec.
Lathrolepta debilis Lec.
Quedius fulgidus Fab.
Mycetoporus americanus Er.
Ercomus ventriculus Er.
Tachyporus elegans Horn.
chrysomelinus Linn.
brunneus Fab.
jocosus Say.
Anthobium pallidulum Lec.
Homaleum repandum Fr.
Connophron elongatum Casey.
Tomoderus constrictus Say.
Pilopius lacustris Casey.
Trichopteryx moarens Matth.
glabricollis Matth.
Ptinidium evanescens Marsh.
Litargus didesmus Say.
balteatus Lec.
Sericoderus subtilis Lec.
flavidus Lec.
Olibrus nitidus Melsh.
Scymnus intrusus Horn.
Telephanus velox Hald.
Atletes politus Lec.
Hister americana Payk.
Acritus acaroides Mars.
Attagenius piceus Oliv.
Atomaria gonodera Casey.
epphipiata Zimm.
ovalis Casey.
Tomarus pulchellus Lec.
Episternus apicalis Lec.
Carpophilus nitens Fall.
hemipterus Linn.
antiquus Melsh.
corticinus Er.
Colastus semitectus Say.
Ips fasciata Oliv.
Stelidota strigosa Gyll.
Omosita colon Linn.
Oxycnemus histerina Lec.
Typhea fumata Linn.
Monotoma fulvipes Melsh.
Cathartus advena Wal.
Photinus pyralis Linn.
Monocrepidius bellus Say.
Drasterius elegans Fab.
Atenius gracilis Melsh.
Pleurophorus cesus Panz.
Onthophagus hecate Panz.
Melanophthalma americana Mann.
distinguenda Com.
Throscus constrictor Say.
Parandra brunnea Fab.
Anthicus cervinus Laf.
floralis Payk.
Sitones hispidulus Germ.
Phytonomus punctatus Fab.
104 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.1X
A NEW SPECIES OF ATLANTICUS FROM THE MOUNTAINS
OF GEORGIA AND NORTH CAROLINA.
By Witu1am T. Davis, New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y.
In looking over my collection of Atlanticus I observed that it
contained two females with their ovipositors slightly curved up-
ward, evidently belonging to an undescribed species. They came
from Lake Toxaway, North Carolina, and were kindly presented
to me by their captor, Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson. In the col-
lection of the American Museum of Natural History and in that
of the Brooklyn Museum there are specimens belonging to the
same species, and Messrs. Rehn and Hebard of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia kindly placed additional ma-
terial in my hands for examination.
Atlanticus monticola, new species.
Type, female, Lake Toxaway, N. C., in the collection of the
author.
Brown, the sides of the pronotum streaked with black particu-
larly at the posterior portion, also an interrupted band of black
on the outer sides of the femora. Pronotum narrower in front
than behind, somewhat pinched before the middle, and with the
lateral carinze well defined. Ovipositor stout, swollen at the base
with a gradual upward curve from about the middle and sym-
metrically narrowed to a point from both above and below. Notch
of the subgenital plate U-shaped.
Female mm,
enethi com” Ody shes ceca areas ore ere cane ae One ere aee 20
Heng thy ok MromO tim Seach sewers se cicero nee ene er 8
Greatestnvddiiheonip ono rennin eee eerie tren 5.5
Wensthinorcaudalynemtinuenmene cee cmecer tier reece 5. tte)
Wengsthy Of TOVAPOSITOI «cl aatiaemye cece cee ick Cee reere 19
In addition to the type the following specimens, which may be
considered paratypic, have been examined.
Lake Toxaway, N. C., one female slightly larger than the type.
Mrs. Slosson, collector (Davis collection).
Valley of the Black Mountains, N. C., August 5, 1906, male;
August 30, 1906, female. Wm. Beutenmuller, collector (collec-
Dec., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 105
tion Am, Museum Nat. History). The male has the short teg-
mina and rather long hind femora, characters of monticola, as
mentioned in the accompanying table for the separation of the
species.
Black Mountains, N. C., September, 1905, male. Charles
Schaeffer, collector (collection of the Brooklyn Museum of Arts
and Sciences).
Balsam, N. C., Jones’ Peak, August 19, 1903, one male and one
female. Prof. Albert P. Morse, collector (Morse collection).
Linville, N. C., July 18, 1903, male (Morse collection).
Balsam Mountains, N. C., Jones’ Knob, 6,000 ft., October 7,
1905, male. Morgan Hebard, collector (Hebard collection).
Rabun County, Ga., Pinnacle Peak, August 20, 1913, male.
Dr. J. Chester Bradley, collector (Georgia State collection).
Clayton, Rabun County, Ga., 2,000-3,000 ft., June, 1909, two
male nymphs, one female nymph. Wm. T. Davis, collector
(Davis collection).
An examination of the cerci of the males of this series shows
some variation. ‘They are slightly stouter in some individuals
than in others and the apical portion beyond the inner tooth is oc-
casionally more drawn out. However, they have been considered
as of the same species for the reason that the cerci of two un-
doubted males of Atlanticus pachymerus collected by the author
while they were singing together in the same clump of bushes on
the evening of July 26, 1914, at Deep Pond, Wading River, Long
Island, N. Y., show variation along identical lines.
The three species of Atlanticus so far described from the north-
eastern United States* and the mountains to the south may be
separated as follows:
Posterior femora less than twice as long as the pronotum.
Tegmina in the male covering about one half of the abdomen. Ovi-
positor of the female viewed in profile straight to the tip on the
lower edge, but cut obliquely downward to the tip on the upper edge.
Notch V-shaped in the subgenital plate of the female. Length of
male about 20 mm.; female, including ovipositor, about 38 mm.
pachymerus Burm.
Posterior femora more than twice as long as the pronotum.
* Another species of the region is to be described by Rehn and Hebard.
106 = Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. 1X
Tegmina in the male covering about one fourth of the abdomen. Ovi-
positor viewed in profile slightly curved upward and symmetrically
narrowed to the tip on both the upper and lower edges. Notch
U-shaped in the subgenital plate of the female. Length of male and
female as in pachymerus, except the hind femora, which are propor-
tionatelylonsene ea eco ee cee eee monticola, new species.
Tegmina in the male covering less than one fourth of the abdomen.
Ovipositor shaped as in pachymerus. Notch narrow and deep in the
subgenital plate of the female. Hind margin of the pronotum more
rounded, especially in the males, than in either of the above men-
tioned species; also with the hind femora proportionately longer.
Length of male about 23 mm.; of female, including ovipositor, about
ASE ATTLTAN fe Wri eis cave ee ates aelsel re uote aetel Stata ace at aaa eae dorsalis Burm.
The wasp Chlorion ichneumoneum is one of the considerable
enemies of Atlanticus, and the writer has given an account in the
Journal of the N. Y. Ent. Soc.:\for December 1911, of the burt
rows he found on the side of Black Rock Mountain, Rabun
County, Ga., stored with many examples of dorsalis. The spe-
cies of Atlanticus are often attracted to the trees sugared for
moths and they may be likewise collected in traps consisting of
jars or old tin cans sunk in the ground and baited with molasses.
More females than males seem to be attracted by the above meth-
ods. In the Canadian Entomologist for April 1893, an account
is given of a captive Aflanticus pachymerus, which we kept from
June 26 to September 10, and fed on berries, watermelon, etc.
While this and other individuals were found in tussocks of grass
in a swampy field, they are more often present in dryer situations.
They have been collected while singing on low bushes a foot or
two from the ground.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY.
The regular meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held
at 185 Brooklyn Ave., June 11, and was called to order by President Davis.
Present twelve months and two visitors.
Mr. Weeks reported more Cychrus elevatus this spring found hidden in
the debris around his raspberry bushes. Libythea bachmanni was taken
July 15, 1908, at Bay Ridge. Catocala minuta was observed by Mr. Dow
June II, 1914, a week earlier than usual. Mr. Schaeffer spoke of an intro-
4
Dec., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 107
duced European species, Aphodius hemorrhoidalis, taken by Mr. Winter-
steiner at Snake Hill, N. J., and again near Paterson. In both instances
the insect was found under cow manure. Its position is in the first
group of the genus as synopsized by Dr. G. H. Horn. This record led
to prolonged and general discussion of the matter of accidental importa-
tions of insects which fail to become acclimated. The Spheridium species
are out of that class. S. scarabeoides occurs in New Hampshire, near
the railroad track, in countless numbers. One could take hundreds of
species of Ptinidae and Cerambycidae in the stored hardwoods in South
Brooklyn on the waterfront. Tarantulas are common there. Mr. Olsen
showed the local collection of Membracide made by Mr. Schott. Tela-
mona unicolor from Rockaway Beach has also been recorded from
Staten Island, Kansas, Canada and the Pacific Coast. TJ. querci, not in
the New Jersey list, from Long Island, also Summit, N. J. Glossonotus
acuminatus from North Beach, L. I., G. univittatus from L. I. Heliria
scalaris, not actually recorded from New Jersey, taken in Prospect Park, .
Brooklyn. Cyrtolobus tuberosus, not in the New Jersey list, from Sum-
mit, N. J. Atymus castanea, a good Long Island record, since the chest-
nuts are dying. Banasa sordida, not previously actually recorded from
New Jersey, was taken at Huntington, L. I., also from Madison, N. J.
Among beetle records was mentioned Panageus fasciatus from Rocka-
way Beach, June 11. In Hemiptera Mr. Oslen mentioned Acanthia signo-
retu taken by Mr. Dow in early September at Freeport, L. I. This species
was in great numbers on the mud flats above high tide, flying with and
almost as fast as Cicindela hirticollis. Also Lyge@us albulus taken by Mr.
Olsen‘in Yaphank, L. I., July 4, 1ort.
The first meeting of the season of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
was held at 185 Brooklyn Ave., October 15, President Davis in the chair,
sixteen members and seven visitors present, including Chas. Dury, the
veteran coleopterist of Cincinnati, Mrs. Dury, Mrs. Engelhardt, Paul A.
Powell, of Richmond Hill, interested in Ornithology and Harrison Tietz,
of Richmond Hill, who has become interested in Lepidoptera.
The treasurer reported cash on hand $367.62, with all bills paid to date
The secretary reported on absent members as far as he had learned.
Pearsall has adopted a permanent residence at Allaben, Ulster Co., N. Y.,
near where he has collected for many years. F. Wintersteiner, who has
been in Vienna since early summer has written, date September 15, hoping
to get back in November.
Following the custom of having no program at the first meeting but
leaving it to each member to relate some experience, all reported in turn.
Mr. Dow had spent much of the summer in New Hampshire, taking a few
beetles and having a few Lepidoptera to give away. Among them was an
Arctia caia to help fill the Brooklyn Museum series. Also to the Museum
108 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.1X
went a Phlegethontius_ cingulata taken in the heart of Brooklyn. Mr.
Olsen had been working on the local Aphide and has prepared about 300
slides of them. He showed a twig of hickory girdled by Oncideres
cingulatus, and the habits of this beetle were discussed at some length.
Mr. Engelhardt spoke of three October days at Yaphank, with much sugar-
ing. Cychrus elevatus came along a sandy path to eat the sugar drippings.
Catocala herodias 2 came from Wading River in July. He showed Cato-
cala phalanga and the Carabid Myas cyanescens. A series of Graphiphora
subterminata was taken in April on pussy willow blossoms. Others were
Pachnobia fishti and Autographa biloba, Calocampa cineritia and Calymmnia
orina. Brephos infans was very abundant in the spring at Massapequa.
Mr. Leng spoke of the joy of finding a big cluster of Thaneroclerus
sanguineus under bark. Mr. McElvaire spoke of trying light collecting at
Northport. The butterflies, Pyrameis atalanta and huntera were the prin-
cipal visitors. His sugaring was poor because the hosts of Leucania uni-
puncta drove out all others. Mr. Clark, of Providence, R. I., it was noted,
had the same experience. The latter lost his temper to the point of devot-
ing the evening to swatting the army worm to the extent of about nineteen
quarts. Local sugarers had similar experiences. Unipuncta was every-
where in unprecedented abundance. Mr. Erhardt all summer had tramped
the same old places, getting pretty much the usual run of things. Mr. Tietz
showed some interesting Lepidoptera, a Catocala relicta quite dark, and
Basilarchia archippus with secondary bands obsolescent. Mr. Doll had
followed up Papaipema, getting cerina from the tiger lilies in one place at
Aldene, N. J., but nowhere else. Mr. Weeks at Yaphank had varied ex-
periences. He had sawed out the walleries of Priontxystus robiniae and
found a way to trap Pasimachus depressus. Cychrus elevatus around the
roots of lilac were attracted by the maggots in the dead Xylorictes satyrus.
Mr. Sleight had bred out a few more caddis flies. Mr. Torre-Bueno had
sought Hemiptera, as usual. He showed a lot from beach drift collected
by J. D. Sherman, Jr., from Marquette, Mich., in July, which included in
goodly numbers Thyreocoris unicolor and Sehirus cinctus, a few others of
interest: Perilloides exaptus, Pentatoma persimilis, Alydus conspersus,
rather rare, Lygaeus turcicus, L. bicrucis, Cymus discors, Geocoris bullatus,
Sphragisticus nebulosus, Orthostira n. sp., the exceedingly rare Galeatus
peckhami in a good series, two winged Reduviolus subcoleoptratus, rare in
collections, and a few aquatics. His local collecting found species rather
scarce and rather darker in color than during average seasons. He spoke
at some length of the Kirkaldy collection now in his hands. It arrived
perfectly from transit from Hawaii, but had suffered much previously.
Box after box full of specimens had been separated from labels. Certain
type series were badly Dermestes eaten.
Mr. Schaeffer had collected from Long Island, and showed a box of
specimens. Pityobius anguinus had come to light at Wading River.
Choragus zimmermanni is always rare. A Trechus, coming from Bellport
at first called provisionally chalybeus, is a new thing still to be named. In
Dec., 1914 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 109
his box was Chlaenius purpuricollis from Rockaway, Tythonyx erythoce-
phalus from Wading River, Onthophagus cribricollis Yaphank, Dialytes
truncatus Wyandanch.
Mr. Dury related tales of collector’s experiences in Arizona and New
Mexico. One man struck the dry season. The best he could get were a
few Trox and Dermestes from some cow skin. Another arrived during
the rainy season and reported that the way to take specimens was by
scoop shovel to be measured by the quart. Mr. Davis had done his usual
careful systematic work over Long Island. Among the mass of records
stand out Dichromorpha brunnea Scudder, a southern thing, and Coccinella
transversogutiata. Of this northern species three were taken, one at
Wading River, May 30, on the shore, by Olsen; one inland at Deep Pond,
Wading River by Davis; and one at Orien Roy Latham. It would
appear that the species is well established on’ eastern end of the island.
None has been so far reported from the western end, none from Staten —
Island or New Jersey. R. P. Dow, Secy.
Los Angeles, now the largest city in California, is not to be
behind any in Museum work. Last July it opened its Southwest
Museum, free to the public every day. The Museum occupies a
17-acre site at Marmion Way and Avenue 46 with a frontage of
200 feet. The initial cost was $165,000. The first appropriation
for collections was $250,000. Its concrete Hispano-American
building commands a view of sixty miles of the Sierra Madre
Mountains. A feature is the Caracol Tower 42 feet square and
125 feet high, around the spiral staircase of which open ten stories
of rooms. The entomological department is on the top floor with
Fordyce Grinnell, Jr., as curator. It has the support of an Ento-
mological Club, the Biological section of the Academy of Sciences,
and two organizations of young naturalists, the Lorquin Natural
History Club and the Rivers Natural History Club. The two
last organizations meet monthly and have as members the younger
element, by whom collections are enthusiastically being made.
Lepidopterists so far are in the majority. All purpose combining
in building up a local collection of insects.
New Jersey Entomological Company
HERMAN H. BREHME, Manager
Dealers in Insects of all Orders. Lepidoptera, Cocoons and Pupz. Life
Histories. Cocoons and Pupae bought. Entomological Supplies, Insect
Pins, Cork, Riker Specimen Mounts, Nets, Spreading Boards, Boxes, etc.
74 THIRTEENTH AVENUE, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY
110 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.1X
R. STAUDINGER & A. BANG-HAAS, Dresden-Blasewitz,
in their new Price List No. LVII. for 1914 (116 pag.), offer
more than 20,000 Species of well named Lepidoptera, set or in
papers, from all parts of the world, in finest condition ; 1,600
kinds of prepared larvae, etc. Separate price lists for Coleoptera
(30,000 species, 208 pag.), for Hymenoptera (3,600 species), Dip-
tera (2,900), Hemiptera (2,500), Orthoptera (1,200), Neuroptera
(630), Biological Objects (300). Discount for cash orders. Prices
low. We sell no more living pupz. Extraordinarily cheap cen-
turies and lots (List gratis). Fine species at very low prices.
Lots sent for selection.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY.
Sent postpaid on receipt of price by A. C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park
Place, Brooklyn. European Agent, W. Junk, Sachsischerstr. 68, Berlin,
W. I5.
THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomol-
ogy, by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by the Kny-Scheerer Co.,
404-410 West 27th St., N. Y. City, and Ward’s Natural Science Establish-
ment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
Sloth atari He ee ioe Oe Ee hk aes oa lcs Ske ane ec 2.00
BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
Vols. 1, 2 and 3 are out of print and will be bought at $1.50 each.
| Molse4) to7: forsale at. per vol: 22 een enn Oe oatee ain ee 1.25
Molumeoior the: Bulletim for sale ator ree eee eee oe eee 1.40
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 each 2.00
PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vol. 1 and 4, each ........ 2.00
Vols. 2 and 3 wanted.
SCHAUPP, Synopsis of the Cicindelide, 5 col. plates ........... 1.00
OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera ........ 50
URLER Checklist yom thes hlemiptera ance aes See ee 25
Odd numbers of missing volumes of Papilio and Bulletin wanted at
full prices.
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 111
OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA
WANTED.—Pupe of Papilio ajax and rutulus. Ward’s Natural Sci- -
ence Establishment, 84 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
All kinds of Chrysalids, Cocoons, and Pupze wanted in exchange for
North American lepidoptera. Address: Herman H. Brehme, 74 Thirteenth
Ave., Newark, N. J.
Florida Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells,
and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla.
WANTED.—No. Am. Cerambycide and Buprestide, especially Agrilus ;
will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above
families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass.
The undersigned will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey -
species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey—Harry B. Weiss, 272
Hale St., New Brunswick, N. J.
Offer wanted for two cabinets, one of 24 book-form boxes, the other
of 20 drawers; includes about 1,800 fine specimens, butterfly boxes, spread-
ing boards, etc. Write to G. Wm. Reinecker, 66 Nelson Ave, Jersey
Gity, N. J.
The collection of the late G. W. Kirkaldy has come into my hands.
From his letters to me it would appear that there is loaned material con-
tained therein. If the lenders will communicate with me, I shall return
such of this loaned material as may still be in existence. J. R. de la Torre-
Bueno, 14 Dusenbury Place, White Plains, N. Y.
WANTED.—Transactions American Entomological Society, vols. I., IL.,
IIl., and IV.; Entomological News, vol. II., nos. 1 and 6; vol. IX., nos, 1
and 2; vol. X., no. 10; vol. XI., nos. 1, 3 and 5. Will purchase at reason-
able prices. Howard L. Clark, P. O. Box 1142, Providence, R. I.
THE BROOKLYN
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first
Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at 185
Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00.
OFFICERS, 1914
President
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
Vice-President
W. T. BATHER
Recording and Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
Treasurer
C.:E.. OLSEN
Librarian
An C.\WEEKS
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences
CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society
Published in
October, December, February, April and June of cach year
Subscription price, domestic, $1.00 per year; foreign $1.25,
in advance; single copies 25 cents. Advertising rates on applica-
tion. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to ento-
mologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if
ordered in advance of publication, additional at cost. Address
subscriptions and all communications to
R. P. DOW, Editor,
15 Broad Street, New York City
\qen
THE KNY-SCHEERER CO.,
Department of Natural Science
G. LAGAI, Ph.D.
404-410 West 27th Street New York City
ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS
North American and exotic insects of all orders
in perfect condition. Single specimens and
collections illustrating mimicry, protective color-
ation, dimorphism, collections of representatives
of the different orders of insects, etc.
Series of specimens illustrating insect life, color
variation, etc. Metamorphoses of insects.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES
Collecting Utensils.
Breeding Apparatus and Cages
for Living Animals
Preparing and Preserving Uten-
sils.
Cabinets, Insect Cases and Lin-
ing Material.
Magnifiers.
Botanists’ Supplies.
Explorers’ and Collectors’ Camp
Outfits.
Miscellaneous Naturalists’ Sup-
plies.
Oologists’ Supplies.
Aquaria.
Books and Publications.
Chemicals.
Illustrated Catalogues of Biological Supplies and Entomolog-
ical Supplies sent free on ap plication. ?
— ee xS5ieeciie
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY
NEW SERIES
Vol. X ee
23 AAD
EDITED (IN SUCCESSION) BY
F. G. SCHAUPP JOHN B. SMITH GEO. H. HULST
CHAS. LOUIS POLLARD R. P. DOW
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
Chairman
J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW,
Advertising Manager Editor
PRESS OF | -
THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY ea a
LANCASTER, PA. * i ian
Dec.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
INDEX OF INSECTS AND PLANTS.
Mentioned in volume X. New forms marked *.
Acantholoma denticulata, 60
Acer macrophyllum, 9
Acme@ops discoidea, 82
Actias Jehovah, 42
Acridion, 59
Acris, 58
Agabus lugens, 83
Agraulis vanille, 61
Agrion maculatum, 50.
Agrotis violaris, 23
Alsophila pometaria, 60, 82
Amblychila cylindriformis, 42
Amphizoa insolens, 83
Anchocelis digitalis, 23
Ancyromx variegatus, 83
Anomala ludoviciana, 37
Anosia plexippus, 42, 101
Anticarsia gemmatilis, 23
Aphiocheta bisetulata,* 65
fisheri, 66
inaequalis, 66.
Aphis, 48
Archasia galeata, 49
Arctia anna, 60
excelsa, 60
Argynnis monticola, 101
Ateuchus sacer, 60
Atta septentrionalis, 81
Attelabus, 59
Atymna castane@, 49
querci, 50
Belostoma, 42
Benacus, 42
Bittacus apicalis, 111
occidentalis, 111
pilicorms, 111
stigmaterus, III
strigosus, III
Borborus lacteipennis, 65
scriptus,* 64
Boreus brumalis, 111
nivoriundus, III
Borophleus minor, 21
Bradycinetus fossator, 37
fossor, 83
Buprestis lineata, 60
Calosoma frigidum, 82
willcoxi, 82
Canthydrus puncticollis, 83
Catocala, 101
Catopsilia eubule, 61
Cecidomya brachypteroides, 75
hopkinsi, 75
pinirigide, 75
resinicola, 74
Celithemis eponina, 50
Centrodera picta, 82
Ceresa brevicornis, 47, 49, 50
bubalus, 49
taurina, 47, 49, 50
Ceutorhyncus hamiltont, 83
Ceutorhynchus hamiltoni, 83
Chionobas uvalda, 102
Chrysopa chi, 54
harrisu, 54
nigricorms, 54
Chrysophanes, 42
cupreus, 102
editha; 102
Cicada, 48, 55
Cicindela formosa, 36, 83
hirticollis, 36
lepida, 36
marginata, 82
ponderosa, 36
punctulata, 36
repanda, 36
scutellaris, 36, 82
tranquebarica, 36
venusta, 36, 83
Cohias behri, 102
eurytheme, 101
Contarina coloradensis, 75
Corticomus basalis, 25
californicus,* 26, 28, 29
caviceps, 26, 29
cylindricus, 26, 28, 29
gracilis, 25
parallelus, 26
Cossonus bohemanni, 4, 6
californicus, 9, 10
concinnus, 3, 16, 18, 19, 22
corticola, 3,5, 21, 22
crenatus, 2, 5, 18, 20, 21, 22
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
Vol. X
Cossonus depressicollis, 17
ellipticollis,* 5, 17, 21
falli, 2, 5, 22
hamiltoni, 2, 3, 5
impressifrons, 2, 12, 13, 19
Impressus, 2, 4, 12, 13
lupini,* 2, 4
minor, 21
piniphilus, 2, 4, 10, 11, 14, 16
platalea, 3, 6, 7, 15
ponderos@,* 2, 5, II, 13, 16, 21
quadricollis,* 5, 14
scrobiculatus, 9, 10
subareatus, 3, 4, 8
sulcirostris, 2, 22
l texanus,* 5, 14, 15
Cotalpa subcribrata, 37, 83
Cremastochilus harrisu, 82
nitens, 39, 83
Cupressus macrocarpa, 30
sargenti, 30
Cychrus elevatus, 41
lecontet, 42
Cyllene decorus, 39
Cyrtolobus fenestratus, 50
Cyrtosia fenestrata, 46, 49
Dascinetus trachypigus, 37
puncticollis, 38
Dasyneura canadensis, 76
Deilephila lineata, 60
Dendrotettix longipennis, 34
quercus, 33, 34, 60
Desmocerus auripennis, 83
californicus, 83
Dichrodiplosis gilettei, 75
Dichromorpha brunnea, 60
Diludia cubensis, 60
Drurya antimachus, 42
Dyaphnia hyalineata, 61
Ecpantheria cacia, 61
Edessa cordata, 61
Elaphrus cicatricosus, 60
clairvillet, 60
fuliginosus, 60
Elytroleptus floridanus, 82
Enallagma hagem, 50
Enoclerus cupressi,* 29
exinuus, 30
Entylia sinuata torva, 50
Eritettix carinatus, 82
Erythemis simplicicollis, 50
Euptoieta claudia, 61, 82
hegesia, 61
Euryomia estuosa, 38
Fulgora, 48
Galeruclerus fasciata, 32
trilobatus,* 32
Geopinus fluvialis, 36
Gerris, 61
Glossonotus crat@gi, 50
Gomphus e-xilis, 50
Gypsochroa emendata, 24
gynandrata, 24
Hadena burgessi, 23
inordinata, 23
Heliria scalaris, 50
Hemerobius humuli, 54
Heterochroa californica, 101
Hesperoleon abdominalis, 51
blandus, 51
ferox, 52
nivatensis,* 52
_ placidus,* 51
Horistonotus curiatus, 60
Hydnocera humeralis, 36
knausii, 36
longicollis, 36
pedalis, 36
pubescens, 36
quadrimaculata,* 31
subfasciata, 36
Hydrophilus ater, 61
insularis, 61
Hylecetus lugubris, 83
Janetiella coloradensis, 75
Junonia cena, 101
Leucania unipuncta, 41
Libellula luctuosa, 50
lydia, 50
vibrans incesta, 50
Limnodytes gerriphagus, 61
Liothrips castanee,* 76
leucogonis,* 78
ocellatus, 76, 77
umbripennis, 76
Lucanus placidus, 36
Lupinus arboreus, 11
chamissonis, 11
Lycena acmon, 101
battoides, 102
cramus, 61
fulla, 102
podarce, 102
Lycoderes, 103
Malachius eneus, 83
Meganostoma ceasonia, 101
eurydice, IOI
Melanochroia cephise, 60
Dec.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
Membracis, 104
Merope tuber, 111
Metrius contractus, 83
sericeus, 83
Microcentrus cary@, 50
Micromus posticus, 54
Micrutalis dorsalis, 50
Monardia lignivora, 75
pinicorticis, 75
Myrmeleon immaculatus, 53
crudelis, 54
occidentalis, 54
pictifrons, 54
Nannothemis bella, 50
Neleon,* 53
Nemosoma attenuatum,* 26, 27
caviceps, 25, 20
cylindricum, 25, 28
elongatum, 25
fissiceps, 27
parallelus, 25
Neophasia menapia, 101
Nezara viridula, 61
Nicagus obscurus, 82
Onthophagus guatemaliensis, 83
Onychiuruscocklei, 94
Orthostethus infuscatus, 36
Ostrya virginiana, 79
Pachnobia mantfesta, 23
Pamphila sabuleti tecumseh, 102
Panorpa banksii, 109
canadensis, 110
communis, 107
confusa, 110
maculosa, 109
nebulosa, 109
rufescens, 107, 110
signifer, 110
subfurcata, 109
venosa, I10
Papilio polydamas, 61
troilus, 42
turnus, 42
Papilio zolicaon, 102
Pelea vernalis, 61
Perigea iole, 60
Perigoma restituta, 60
Peripsocus alboguttatus, 54
abruptus, 54
corruptus, 54
subpupillatus, 54
Phaneus carnifex, 37, 38
difformis, 37, 38
carolina,
Phlegethontius rusticus, 60
Phliewosinus cupressi, 30
Pholus vitis, 60
Phymatodes amenus, 82
varius, 82
Physiodes, 102
Phytonomus eximius, 83
Pieris ilaire, 61
Pinus contorta, to
var. murrayana, 21
edulis, 75
jeffreyi, 14, 21
lambertiana, 14, 29
muricata, IO
palustris, 74
ponderosa, 14, 21, 26, 29
radiata, 10, 27, 74, 75
rigida, 74
scopulorum, 75
Pseudohazis eglanterina, 102
Pithanus merkeli, 34, 35
Pityobius anguinus, 60
Plocamus difformis, 83
Populus tremuloides, 9
trichocarpa, 15
Porosagrotis tripars, 23
Psectra diptera, 54
Pseudalindria fissiceps, 25, 26
Pseudotsuga taxifolia, 26
Psocus striatus, 54
variabilis, 54
Pyrameis cardui, 101
Quercus sp., 20
Retinodiplosis resinicoloides, 74
inopis, 74
palustris,* 74
Rheumatobates rileyi, 62, 63, 64
tenuipes, 63, 64
trulliger,* 63, 64
Rhizophagus parallelus, 209
Rhyncholus brunneus, 2
oregonensis, 2
pallens, 2, 11
Sandalus niger, 60
Scapteriscus didactylus, 61
Serica curvata, 37
Smilia auriculata, 46, 50
camelus, 50
castanee, 46, 49
guttata, 46, 49
querci, 46
Sminthurus hortensis, 94
Spartocera cinnamonea, 61
Dec.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
Sphenophorus destructor, 39
maidis, 39
soliaui, 40
Sphins francku, 42
Stegaspis, 103, 104
viridis,* 104
Stephanuca pilipennis, 36, 83
Strategus anteus, 83
mormon, 38, 83
Telamona concava, 46, 50
coryli, 46, 50
fagt, 46, 50
fasciata, 46, 50
querct, 47, 50
reclivata, 47, 50
tristis, 46, 50
unicolor, 46, 50
Terias lisa, 61
var. alba, 61
Tetracha virginica, 36
Tettigoma, 48
Tettix, 54
Tetyra bipunctata, 82
Thecla grunus, 101, 102
Thecodiplosis piniradiate, 75
Thelia auriculata, 48
crategt, 47, 48, 50
Theretra tersa, 60
Tragidion coquus, 36
fulvipenne, 36
Tragopa dorsalis, 47, 50
Trechus chalybeus, 83
Tricrania sanguinipennis, 83
Tridactylus terminalis, 82
Triptogon lugubris, 60
Umbellularia californica, 31
Uroxiphus cary@, 47, 50
Vanessa antiopa, 42
Vespa vulgaris, 41
Xylorictes satyrus, 42
Xylothechus insignis, 83
Zelus bilobus, 61
FEBRUARY, 1915 No. |
BULLETIN
\: OF THE
_ BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
i SOCIETY
? ; NEW SERIES
: ‘
Es” pon rath re
| FEB 2@giSio
| a344tT «
; PUBLICATION COMMITTEE ational Ws
y CHARLES SCHAEFFER, Ge
J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW,
3 Advertising Manager RAYS
‘. Published by the Society
” - Price, 25 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
: Ward's Natural Science Establishment
84-102 COLLEGE AVENUE, :: :: ROCHESTER, N. Y.
We take pleasure in announcing to the reader of the
Bulletin that we have recently purchased the entire
stock in trade of the American Entomological Co., of
Brooklyn and respectfully solicit your patronage.
Our stock of Lepidoptera is the largest in the world.
We assemble here collections of all kinds, among
which we mention LIFE HISTORIES of ECONOMIC
INSECTS, collections showing MIMICRY AND PRO-
TECTIVE COLORATION as well as large or small
SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS.
We shall continue to manufacture the ONLY GEN-
UINE HAND MADE SCHMITT INSECT BOX
and the well known AMERICAN ENTOMOLOG-
ICAL CO’S INSECT PINS.
Our stock of Laboratory Material for Dissection is
very large and complete.
If you are interested in Entomology and wish to
receive our special lists as they are published, send us
your name for our mailing list.
Our Price List of Entomological Supplies will be
mailed free upon request.
Our Catalogue of Insects (Price-25c.) contains lists
and prices of Lepidoptera, Insect Collections and Lab-
oratory Material.
We are also acting as distributors for Dr. John B.
Smith’s Explanation of Entomological Terms, Price,
$2.00. A necessity to every Entomologist.
Ward's Natural Science Fstablishment
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
VoL. xX FEBRUARY, IQI5 No. I
CONTENTS
THE SPECIES OF COSSONUS CLAIRV. OF AMERICA, Van
IDEA oa big Ae Ais AROS RNG OGIO BUR SEIIEL RCOOTRe oan CRTC Ca CEE neuen = ARE I
opts IE EU EOC ORI a os ojel ssi wie oie ood so evel «0's 0 e+ 0 4,6 o ctalteiclaw « 23
SHORT STUDIES IN GEOMETRID/A, No. 4, Pearsalle......... 2
THE SPECIES OF COSSONUS CLAIRV. (COLEOPTERA)
OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO.
By Epwin C. Van Dyke, Berkeley, Cal.
This paper is the outgrowth of an attempt to properly determine
the specimens in my own collection where I found that I not only
had a number of species apparently new, but that there was a
great misunderstanding with regard to many of our other species.
A very large series was at my disposal, for much of which I must
thank my numerous friends and correspondents.
The species of the genus Cossonus are of some economic im-
portance, living as they do beneath the bark of dead trees and in
the outer sapwood, or occasionally, even in the heartwood itself,
and in dead shrubs. Most of them are confined to certain types
of trees, certain few to particular trees, and their distribution
usually follows the distribution of these trees. On the West
Coast, I have devoted some time to the working out of these
relationships and hence will add some notes concerning them.
With regard to the Eastern species, I can add but few biological
notes for most of those when given in lists are merely stated
to have been collected beneath the bark of dead trees. An
ow“ Instit;
“FEB 231915
t
ai
ational M sev
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
interesting thing in connection with their biology is the fact
that in many cases they are accompanied by different species
of the genus Rhyncholus. For instance, Rhyncholus orego-
nensis Horn. lives more or less in company with Cossonus cre-
natus Horn. and C. ponderose n. sp., though generally preferring
the dryer parts of the trees, Rhyncholus pallens Casey with C.
lupina n. sp., and R. brunneus Mann. with C. piniphilus Boh., and
so forth. The genus is of wide distribution, with species in both
the old and new world but with a dominance in the tropics, par-
ticularly of this hemisphere.
South of us in Mexico and Central America there are a large
number of species and many of these are quite gaily colored. All
of ours but one are somber in appearance.
In 1873 our species were reviewed by Dr. George Horn* the
number listed by him being eight, and this number was not in-
creased by 1885 when the Henshaw Check list} was published.
Since this time, however, two others have been described, C. hamiul-
toni Slossont from Florida, described in 1899, and C. sulcirostris
Fall§ from Lower California, described in 1909, though this
latter was changed to C. falli Champion|| somewhat later because
the name was preoccupied by a Mexican species. Five more re-
main to be added. I have stated that there was some confusion
with regard to some of our species. Of Pacific species, the com-
mon, yet undescribed C. ponderose n. sp. is generally mistaken
and labeled in most collections as C. pimiphilus Boh., the latter
being generally lacking. C. impressus Boh. from Southern Flor-
ida is usually labeled C. impressifrons Boh. ‘This misidentifica-
tion is traceable to Dr. Horn. The true C. impressifrons Boh. was
described from Pennsylvania and not recognized by him nor ap-
*“ Contributions to a Knowledge of the Curculionide of the United
States,” by George H. Horn, Am. Phil. Soc., 1873.
+ “List of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico,” by Samuel
Henshaw, Phil. 1885.
~“A New Cossonus,” by Annie Trumbull Slosson, Can. Ent. V, 31,
p. 193.
§ “ New Coleoptera from the Southwest—IV,” by H. C. Fall, Pasadena,
California, Can. Ent., 41 (1909), p. 169.
|| “ Biolog. Centr. Amer. Insecta Col.,” Vol. 10, pt. 7, p. 55.
Feb., 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 3
parently by any one following. According to the original descrip-
tion, a copy of which was kindly secured for me by Mr. H. W.
Wenzel, it is a different insect entirely. It applies to one of the
forms of C. concinnus Boh., the form in which the thorax is more
evidently narrower than the elytra, flatter, with sides more con-
vergent anteriorly, more evident thoracic crista and impressed
fovez on vertex. Forms of this nature seem to be common in the
central part of Pennsylvania and I am confident that the descrip-
tion applies to them, it fits them so accurately. These forms
however, grade insensibly into the more familiar and more ro-
bust, so-called typical forms. There are but three species of the
genus, if we except C. subareatus Boh. which might possibly be
found in the mountains on the north, which are to be found in
Pennsylvania. Of these, it is most decidedly not C. platalea Say
nor what we now accept as C. corticola Say, therefore by ex-
clusion even without regard to the good description, we would
naturally feel that it must apply to one of the phases of C. con-
cinnus Boh. Other cases that have caused confusion will be dis-
cussed in the body of the paper.
The characters which I have found the most staple and useful
are, first, the shape of the rostrum and second, the shape and
sculpturing of the thorax. The size of the eyes, general shape of
the head, character of funicle, elytra, and so forth, are other fea-
tures which were also useful. Most of the species have a some-
what similar appearance and they all vary considerably, not only
in different parts of their geographical range but even within
their own colonies. Good series are therefore essential to a
proper understanding of the species. The synoptic table given is
primarily based upon that used by Dr. Horn and the genus as
restricted here, is as generally accepted and as defined by Le
Conte and Horn.* The bibliography given is naturally incom-
plete, it being thought necessary to list only the most important
papers on the subject.
* “ Classification of the Coleoptera of North America,” by John LeConte
and George H. Horn, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Washington, 1883, p. 511.
4 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
Species bicolored, black with base of elytra, metasternum and abdomen
PULOUMSH: Sa See Ste careers OCR OO oe Ente hamiltoni Slosson.
Species unicolored (when mature).
Thorax truncate at base, antenne post median........ bohemanni Horn.
Thorax bisinuate at base, antenne median or anterior to middle.
Thorax broader than long, sides arcuate, surface very unevenly
PILOALeIE DEC Mt AMM ee Aen SEN amma Al RSIS Sino c platalea Say.
Thorax longer than wide, sides slightly arcuate or’ straight.
Basal portion of rostrum longer than dilated portion.
subareatus Boh.
Basal portion of rostrum equal to the dilated portion.
Rostrum elongate, apical portion distinctly wider than basal
and rather suddenly dilated. Thorax narrower than the
elytra.
Thorax somewhat cuneiform, with sides convergent for-
wards from point just anterior to base, with lateral
discal punctures much finer and with median line at
base often cariniform.
Larger species, over 4 mm. in length, with moderately
large elytral punctures which diminish but little
in size posteriorly, rostrum about twice as long
as broad.
Thorax much narrower than elytra, sides gradually
and distinctly convergent from middle to apex
where but slightly constricted. ....piniphilus Boh.
Thorax but little narrower than elytra, sides slightly
convergent from just in front of base to near
apex where they become rather suddenly con-
stricted: Use Hee Soe Ae Re eats oe ema lupini n. sp.
Smaller species, less than 4 mm. in length, thorax
almost as wide at base as elytra, gradually con-
vergent forwards from in front of base to apex
where but slightly constricted. Elytra with rather
fine punctures which diminish rapidly in size pos-
teriorly. Beak rather broad, less than twice as long
aSeIbTOads lene ys elie Ute Ror nae impressus Boh.
Thorax not cuneiform, with sides almost parallel or
slightly arcuate from near base to near apex where
they become suddenly constricted.
Thorax distinctly narrower than elytra and somewhat
sub-depressed.
Head, including eyes, cuneiform, gradually con-
vergent to base of rostrum, rostrum about
twice as long as wide and with apical portion
distinctly wider than basal.
Feb., 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
Basal portion of rostrum with sides parallel,
punctures of thorax more regular as to size.
ponderos@ n. sp.
Basal portion of rostrum with sides distinctly
divergent anteriorly, punctures of thorax more
innegular as ko: Sizes. heey. quadricollis n. sp.
Head, including eyes, not distinctly cuneiform, sud-
denly constricted to base of rostrum, rostrum
broad and flat on top, less than twice as long as
broad, sides of basal portion parallel and apical
portion but little wider than basal....texanus n. sp.
Thorax but little, if any narrower than elytra. Head
rather suddenly constricted to base of rostrum.
Thorax shining and less convex dorsally, without
concavity posteriorly, with punctures moderate
and well separated. Rostrum with sides of basal
portion parallel and apical portion moderately
inlatedixe e weataata meres site ath elace ellipticollis n. sp.
Thorax less shining, quite convex dorsally and with
median line concave behind, punctures coarse and
approximate. Rostrum stout, sides of basal por-
tion divergent forwards, apical portion greatly
GU he Lo Sen beeing Armen ees oe concinnus Boh.
Rostrum broad and short, apical portion more gradually
dilated and but little wider than basal. Thorax as wide
as elytra.
Thoracic punctures coarse and close together. Elytral
punctures somewhat finer, approximate and crenulate.
Rostrum non-sulcate.
Color black, striae deeper and broader at base, punc-
tures of thorax coarse and cribrate at sides. All
joints of funicle of about same width and club at
least twice as wide as funicle......... crenatus Horn.
Color more piceous, striae but slightly deeper and
broader at base, punctures of thorax rarely cribrate
even at side. Outer joints of funicle distinctly
broader and club not twice as wide as funicle.
corticola Say.
Thoracic punctures coarse and distant. Elytral punctures
fine and well separated, not crenulate, rostrum sulcate.
Species small: and) linear, 4.2362 falli Champion.
C. hamiltoni Slosson. Can. Entom. V. 31, p. 193.
“ Black, shining, with basal half of elytra, the metasternum and
abdomen rufous, antenne and legs dark red. Rostrum stout,
6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
finely and closely punctulate, very abruptly and almost trans-
versely-quadrangularly dilated at apex, the dilated portion barely
as long as the basal portion.
“Thorax oblong, with a triangular depression extending from
base to near apex and having a feebly indicated and sometimes
slightly elevated median line. The punctures in this depression
are coarse and irregular, on sides of thorax smaller and more
regular. Elytra slightly wider than base of thorax, surface rather
deeply striate at base; strize with close deep punctures, but not
impressed at apical portion. Prosternum very coarsely and some-
what densely punctulate; metasternum more sparsely punctured;
as are also the metasternum and first two abdominal segments.
“Length—exclusive of rostrum—2.9 mm.
“Locality—Miami, Biscayne Bay, Fla.”
Several specimens taken from beneath the bark of a dead rubber
tree by Mrs. Slosson, one of which, in the collection of Mr. H. C.
Fall, I have examined.
The original description has been given. The species is so dis-
tinct because of its color that it could be confused with nothing
else in our fauna. There are, however, a number of species in the
Mexican and Central American regions that closely resemble it.
€. bohemanni orn,” Proc) Am: PhillSoc:,) Vol) iis
p. 428, platalea Boh. Sch. Gen. ‘Curc., IV, p. 998.
“Nigro-piceous, nitidus, glaber, supra deplanatus, antennis,
tibiis, tarsique ferrugineis; rostro capite duplo longiori, tenu-
iori, apice minus sensim dilatato; thorace latiori subquadrato,
antice evidenter coarctato, supra in ipsa basi obsolete bis impresso,
dorso remote lateribus crebre punctato; elytris profunde punc-
tato-striatis, interstitiis laterioribus majis convexis.”
The above is the original description of what Boheman con-
sidered to be platalea Say. The characters however, do not fit
that species nor in fact any of our species, the post median anten-
nae and truncate base of thorax, characters which it was said to
possess, being such as are found in none of our known species.
Horn, though he renamed it, could not recognize it but supposed
that Boheman must have had in his hands a species with which
Feb.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 7
he was unfamiliar. No species exactly answering to that descrip-
tion has been seen since and I am inclined to think none will, for
I believe that Boheman had an atypical specimen of platalea in his
hands or drew up his description so hastily that he made it inac-
curate and therefore impossible to recognize. The parallel sides
of the thorax which it was said to have, is a character which many
specimens of platalea possess. Dr. Horn laid too much stress
upon the “arcuate sides” of the thorax in his remarks upon that
species.
Gapiatalea Say. Desers:Curc. N.A., p. 24; Ank ut, Edit
ece,—. 292; Horn, Prec.’ Am-Phil. Soc, XT; ame Ass:
Black, shining. Head rather finely and discretely punctured,
rostrum more coarsely and closely, small fovea between base of
eyes, eyes moderately and but slightly prominent, diameter of head
across eyes slightly greater than dilated portion of rostrum, sides
of head gradually convergent to base of rostrum. Rostrum longer
than half the thorax, moderately accurate, basal portion longer
than the apical, cylindrical, slightly compressed laterally, gradu-
ally increasing in width to apical portion which is moderately
though rather suddenly quadrangularly dilated. Joints of funicle
of antennae only very gradually increasing in width outwards,
the outermost joint barely one half the width of the basal portion
of club.
Prothorax as wide or wider than long, apex rather suddenly
narrowed, base feebly bi-sinuate and on each side of middle
slightly impressed, sides moderately and regularly arcuate (in
some species almost parallel), surface flattened, unequally punc-
tured, punctures at the sides denser and finer, at middle somewhat
coarser and more sparsely placed, but nowhere dense nor very
close together, at base, the basal rudiment of a crista just evident.
Elytra broader than the thorax, flattened, striate, moderately
coarsely and serrately punctured, intervals flat, very minutely uni-
seriately punctate.
Body beneath sparsely punctured. Length 5.5-6.5 mm., breadth
1.25.
Occurs from the Middle States to at least as far south as Vir-
ginia (Fredericksburg, Richardson) and West to Iowa (Allegheny,
8 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
Pa., Hamilton; Iowa City, Iowa, Wickham). It has been found
beneath the bark of various broad-leaved trees as the butternut
(Granley), white walnut (Hamilton and Hopkins) and poplar
(J. B. Smith). It has also been secured from beneath dead pine
bark at Da Costa, N. J. (H. W. Wenzel) but I consider this not
a normal food tree.
The species is best recognized, aside from the characters given
in the table, by its very black shining appearance. It closely re-
sembles C. subareatus Boh. but can be told from that by its broader
thorax, slightly more prominent eyes and shorter basal portion of
rostrum. Its food habits appear to be also similar to those of its
closest ally.
C. subareatus Boh. Schonh., Gen. Curc., VIII, 2, p. 266; Horn,
IPxOe, Auoa, Ielmll, Soe, INU, AZ, Wy Alero.
Black, shining. Head quite smooth except laterally back of
eyes where very finely and sparsely punctured, rostrum moderately
coarsely and closely punctured at sides and less coarsely and
closely above. Eyes moderately and but very slightly protruding
beyond sides of head, diameter of head across eyes slightly greater
than dilated portion of rostrum. Sides of head gradually con-
vergent to base of rostrum. Rostrum as long as one half of the
thorax, but very slightly arcuate, basal portion longer than the
apical, parallel for first half then gradually increasing in width to
apical portion which is one third broader than its neck and quad-
rangularly dilated. Joints of funicle of antenne only gradually
increasing in width outwards, the outermost joint about one half
the width of club.
Prothorax slightly longer than broad, apex rather suddenly
narrowed, base feebly bi-sinuate and but slightly impressed on
each side of middle, sides almost parallel at middle or but slightly
arcuate, basal angles rounded, surface flattened, unequally punc-
tured, the punctures at sides moderate below and finer above and
quite coarse and deep in median area, particularly basally, though
always well spaced. At base, the basal rudiment of a crista is
evident.
Elytra but slightly wider than thorax, striate, strie moderately
coarsely and serrately punctured, intervals convex, very minutely
uniseriately punctured.
Feb., 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 9
Body beneath sparsely and rather finely punctured. Length
4.5-7 mm., breadth 1.5 mm.
Occurs from the Middle States to Nebraska and Kansas and
from the Lake States across our northern boundary to Montana,
Washington and thence south and through the Sierras to below
Lake Tahoe, Cal. It is apparently confined to broad-leaved trees.
I have found it beneath the bark of the broad-leaved maple (Acer
macrophyllum Pursh) at Seattle, Wash., and the aspen (Populus
tremuloides Michx.) at Lake Tahoe, Cal. It has also been taken
in Marin Co., Cal. ’
This species is closest to the preceding. Its special features are
the very long basal portion of the rostrum, the peculiar punctua-
tion of the thorax and the slender funicle of the antennz, the last
of which it shares with platalea.
C. piniphilus Boh. Schonh. Gen. Curc., IV, p. 1002; Mann.
Bull. Mosc., 1843, II, p. 295; scrobiculatus Lec., Proc. Acad., 1859,
p. 285, Col. Kansas, p. 18; californicus Mots., Bull. Mosc., 1845,
ipaoos tlom, Proc: Amy Phil. Soc, X11, 2:2; -p.-438.
Black, shining. Head finely and sparsely punctured in basal
portion, coarsely and closely between eyes and on rostrum. Eyes
moderate in size and barely protruding beyond side of head, di-
ameter of head across eyes at least one third greater than dilated
portion of rostrum. Sides of head convergent and almost straight
to base of rostrum. Rostrum as long as one half the thorax,
slightly arcuate, basal portion about equal to apical, broad and
with parallel sides, apical portion distinctly dilated and quadri-
lateral and about one third broader than basal portion. Joints of
funicle slightly though gradually increasing in width outwards,
the outer joints one half width of club.
Prothorax distinctly longer than broad, with sides near base but
slightly narrowed and gradually convergent from in front of base
to near apex where but slightly constricted, base bisinuate and dis-
tinctly impressed on each side of middle. Surface somewhat
flattened, coarsely and deeply though not closely punctured, punc-
tures coarser at base near median line which is impunctate and
elevated into crista that extends at least one fifth of length of
thorax.
10 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
Elytra distinctly wider than thorax, surface moderately de-
pressed, coarsely punctured, intervals moderately convex, very
minutely and sparsely punctulate.
Body beneath black, shining, sparsely punctured. Length 4-6
mm., average 5.5, breadth I-1.5 mm.
Occurs so far as known only along the extreme coast belt from
Monterey, ‘Cal., to northern Washington. It is found beneath the
bark of dead coast pines; the Monterey pine (Pinus radiata Don.)
at Monterey, Cal., the Bishop pine (Pinus muricata Don.) at In-
verness and Fort Bragg, Cal., and the beach pine (Pinus contorta
Lond.) at Fort Bragg and Crescent City, Cal., and Humptulips,
Wash., the last locality slightly inland. C. pimiphilus and scrobi-
culatus as stated by Horn are undoubtedly the same, the type lo-
calities being not far apart, that of the former near the old Russian
colony, Fort Ross, close to the mouth of the Russian River, and
the latter, Point Reyes, both in the territory of the Bishop pine.
C. californicus was also no doubt from the same locality as the
former. Before 1845, there is hardly any probability of the Rus-
sians securing any but this coast species. A very common inland
species from the yellow pine, which I have described later on, has
long been confused with pimiphilus and is so named in most collec-
tions. It is, however, a very distinct species.
The most pronounced characters of this species are its wedge-
shaped thorax and quite evident basal thoracic crista.
C. lupinin. sp. Black or piceous, shining. Head quite smooth
posteriorly, finely punctured between the eyes, the rostrum more
coarsely punctured above and more closely at sides as well. Eyes
moderate and but very slightly protruding beyond sides of head,
diameter of head across eyes less than one third greater than
breadth of dilated portion of rostrum. Sides of head gradually
converging to eyes then more suddenly so to base of rostrum.
Rostrum less than one half the length of thorax, just perceptibly
arcuate, basal portion equal to apical, as broad as long, quite con-
vex above and with ends wider than at middle, the apical portion
qadrilaterally dilated and broader than long. Joints of funicle of
antenne gradually increasing in width outwards, the outermost
joint broader than one half breadth of club.
Feb.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society ial
Prothorax longer than broad, with sides distinctly rounded at
base, broadest part just in front of base from which point the
sides are straight and but slightly convergent until just in front
of apex where they become rather suddenly constricted. Upper
surface flattened near base, punctured beneath and at sides with
moderately large, deep and well spaced punctures, above on outer
side with somewhat finer and at base near median line with coarser,
closer and deeper ones, and at base in front of scutellum, a short
smooth rudimentary crista with an evident depression on each
side. Basal margin just evidently bisinuate.
Elytra but slightly wider than thorax, somewhat convex above,
striate, striz moderately coarsely and serrately punctured, inter-
vals convex and with a single row of barely perceptible punctures.
Body beneath punctured with moderate-sized and well-spaced
punctures except on meta-episternum where closer together.
Length, 5 mm., width 1.25 mm.
Type in my own collection, paratypes in U. S. Nat. Mus. and
Cal. Acad. of Sciences.
Occurs in the dead branches of two species of perennial and
bush lupines (Lupinus arboreus Sims. and L. chamissonis Esch.),
on the sand hills on the southern boundary of San Francisco, Cal.
It most likely will be found in similar places at least as far south
as Monterey and as far north as Tomales Bay. It is generally
found in company with the more common Rhyncholus pallens
Casey, which likewise lives only in lupines. _
This species among West Coast species might be confused with
small specimens of C. piniphilus Boh. and C. ponderose. From
_ the former it can best be separated by the shape of the thorax.
It also has a broader and shorter rostrum, a less flattened upper
surface and less evident crista and the punctures of the thorax
and elytra are generally finer and not so close together. From
the latter it differs by the shape of the thorax, by the broader and
shorter rostrum and the finer and less closely placed punctures.
It is proportionally narrower and more cylindrical than either.
More than fifty specimens have been examined and they all agree
with the above though there is of course considerable individual
variation. Immature specimens are more piceous than mature as
is the case in general.
12 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
C. impressus Boh. Boh in Schonh. Gen. Curc., IV, p. 1019;
Champion, Biol, Centr. Am. Insecta, Col. IV, Pt. 7, p. 63; C:
impressifrons Horn, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XIII, 2 Z, p. 440
(nec. Boh.).
Black or piceous, shining. Head quite smooth except frons
and rostrum which are moderately finely and sparsely punctured.
Eyes moderately prominent, protruding well beyond the lateral
margin of head, vertex with a deeply impressed linear puncture
slightly above the eyes, diameter of head across eyes slightly less
than one third greater than breadth of dilated portion of rostrum.
Rostrum scarcely as long as half the thorax, basal portion about
equal to apical, broad, slightly compressed laterally, at its begin-
ning about two thirds the diameter of apical portion, sides gradu-
ally divergent to apical portion, the apical portion quadrilaterally
dilated, somewhat flat and broader than long. Joints of funicle
of antenne short and broad, gradually increasing in width out-
wards, the outermost less than one half diameter of club.
Prothorax distinctly longer than broad, base bisinuate, sides at
base rounded and constricted, broadest a little in front of base,
then slightly rounded and convergent until near apex where but
slightly constricted. Surface somewhat flattened above, moder-
ately coarsely and closely punctured at sides, finer, more irregu-
larly and sparsely punctured above at outer side, and more coarsely
and closely punctured in triangular depression at base. Extend-
ing forwards through this basal impression is a somewhat elevated
smooth carina which is a little less than one third the length of
the thorax.
Elytra not wider than the thorax, moderately convex, striate,
striz moderately coarsely and serrately punctured, finer apically,
intervals somewhat flat and indistinctly uniseriately punctulate.
Body beneath sparsely punctured, moderately coarsely in front
and rather finely behind.
Length 3-3.5 mm., breadth .75 mm.
Occurs in southern Florida, Kissimee, Key Largo and Key
West, Cuba and Jamaica, and in Mexico and the states of Central
America.
The Florida specimens are generally rufous, the more southern
darker, vide Champion. This is the species which was listed by
Feb., 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 13
Horn as impressifrons Boh. and which is generally found in
American collections as such. It was placed under impressus
Boh. by Champion. It is readily separated from our Eastern
species by its very distinct thoracic carina and from the Pacific
species in the group having a convergent thorax, by its smaller
size, generally lighter color and broader thorax. Its carina is also
longer than is usual in any of the Pacific species.
C. ponderosze n. sp. Black, somewhat shining. Head finely
and sparsely punctured posteriorly, more coarsely and closely be-
tween eyes and base of rostrum, and finer again at apex of ros-
trum. Eyes not prominent, barely protruding beyond the sides
of head, vertex with a deeply impressed and almost circular punc-
ture slightly above the eyes, diameter of head across eyes one
third greater than greatest breadth of rostrum. Rostrum about
half the length of thorax, basal portion about equal to apical, as
long as broad, with straight sides which are hardly divergent for-
wards, apical portion abruptly dilated, but only slightly broader
than basal, quadrilateral, and slightly broader than long. Joints
of funicle of antennz gradually increasing in width outwards, the
outermost about as broad as half diameter of club.
Prothorax slightly longer than broad, base bisinuate, sides con-
stricted at base, rounded and broadest just in front of base, almost
straight and slightly convergent to near apex where well rounded
to constricted apex. Surface convex on sides and somewhat flat-
tened above, coarsely, regularly and moderately closely punctured
at sides, more finely at outer portion above and still more coarsely
in median portion, especially at base where also closer. Basal
portion at middle slightly depressed but with small area just in
front of scutellum elevated but not cariniform.
Elytra distinctly wider than thorax, surface slightly convex,
deeply striate, coarsely punctured, punctures coarser and deeper
at base, intervals slightly convex, very minutely wuniseriately
punctured.
Body beneath sparsely and more finely punctured in median
line, more coarsely and closely at sides and in front.
Length 6.5 mm., breadth 1.5 mm.
Type in my own collection, paratypes in U. S. Nat. Mus. and
14 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
California Acad. of Sci., Type locality, Tallac, Lake Tahoe, Cal.,
Sept., 1903.
This species, which may vary in size from 4.5—7 mm. in length,
has been found in Wash. and in Cal., ranging in the latter state
throughout its northern portion except the coast belt and extend-
ing along the western flanks of the Sierras to the Walker Basin.
It has been found beneath the bark of dead yellow pine (Pius
ponderosa Law.), the Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Lem.), and
sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) in the sapwood of which
it breeds. I have seen their workings extending to a greater
depth than six inches. It most likely ranges throughout a good
deal of the territory occupied by the western yellow pine and may
also be found on other pines than those mentioned. It is our
commonest western species and has been confused for a long
time with C. piniphilus Boh., from which it is most distinct. Its
closest relative in this country is C. texanus which it superficially
resembles. The characters of head and thorax will however en-
able them to be separated.
C. quadricollis n. sp. Black, shining. Head finely and sparsely
punctured posteriorly, more coarsely between eyes and on base of
rostrum and finer again at apex of rostrum. Eyes not prominent,
barely protruding beyond the lateral margin of head, vertex with
a definite though not large circular puncture slightly above the
eyes, diameter of head across eyes about one third greater than
greatest breadth of rostrum. Rostrum about one half the length
of thorax, basal portion about equal to apical, slightly longer than
broad, with sides decidedly divergent anteriorly, apical portion
abruptly dilated, slightly broader than basal, quadrilateral and
broader than long. Joints of funicle of antenne gradually in-
creasing in width outwards, the outermost about as broad as half
diameter of club.
Prothorax slightly longer than broad, base bisinuate, sides con-
stricted at base, rounded and broadest just in front of base, thence
just perceptibly convex to near apex where well rounded to con-
stricted apex. Surface convex on sides and somewhat flattened
above, especially posteriorly, coarsely, regularly and moderately
closely punctured at sides, much more finely and sparsely at outer
Feb., 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 15
portion above and very closely at middle near base. There is a
smooth median line at basal part of thorax which is somewhat
elevated just in front of scutellum because of the depression of
thorax at either side there.
Elytra distinctly wider than thorax and with sides evidently
convergent to posterior third, surface slightly convex, deeply stri-
ate, coarsely punctured, punctures slightly coarser and deeper at
base, intervals slightly convex at sides and flatter dorsally, and
finely uniseriately punctured.
Body beneath moderately coarsely and sparsely punctured,
more closely towards sides and in front.
Length 6.25 mm., breadth 1.5 mm.
Type in my own collection, paratypes in U. S. Nat. Mus. and
Gal Acad. of Sci.
Type locality, Carrville, north fork of Trinity river, Trinity
Co., Cal., taken by myself under bark of Populus trichocharpa
Hook, June 1, 1913.
This species, which may vary in size from 5-7 mm. and con-
siderably with regard to shape and punctuation of thorax, ap-
proaching thereby more closely the appearance of ponderose, is
in appearance closest to ponderose and in relationship closest to
platalea Say. In fact, I believe it to be the western congeneric
relative of the last. With ponderose it agrees most in general
appearance and punctuation and with platalea Say in the type of
the rostrum, a certain similarity of thorax, elongate appearance
and shining aspect. A series of over thirty specimens collected
at the same time and place was consulted. Another specimen
collected’ at Flaytork, Trinity ‘Co., ‘Cal.; Apr. 19; 1914, by Mz
Ralph Hopping, differs from mine only in having the sides of
thorax more evenly rounded. Though related to platalea Say,
large series of which I have consulted, it is however quite distinct,
being far less flattened, more coarsely punctured, and so forth.
From ponderose it can be best separated by the shape of the
rostrum.
C. texanus n. sp. Black, somewhat shining. Head finely and
sparsely punctured posteriorly, more coarsely at base of rostrum
and coarsely and more closely at apex. Eyes moderately promi-
16 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
nent causing side of head as a result to become suddenly con-
stricted to base of rostrum: Vertex with a moderately deeply
impressed almost circular puncture slightly above the eyes, di-
ameter of head across eyes not quite twice as broad as greatest
breadth of rostrum. Rostrum about half the length of the thorax,
basal portion about equal to apical, broader than long, with
straight and parallel sides, apical portion but slightly dilated,
quadrilateral and broader than long. Joints of funicle of antennze
gradually increasing in width outwards, the outermost greater in
breadth than one half diameter of club.
Prothorax slightly longer than broad, base bisinuate, sides
from narrow basal constriction gradually rounded and widened
to one fourth distance from base, then straight and but slightly
convergent to one fourth distance from apex where broadly
rounded to distinctly constricted apex. Surface convex on sides
and dorsally in front but flattened in a basal and median triangular
area, coarsely, regularly and moderately closely punctured at sides,
somewhat more finely and distinctly at outer portion above and
still more coarsely and closely at median basal portion. Basal
portion just perceptibly depressed and without carina.
Elytra distinctly wider than thorax, surface slightly convex,
deeply striate, coarsely punctured, punctures coarser and deeper
at base, intervals almost flat, very minutely uniseriately punctured.
Body beneath sparsely punctured, more closely in front.
Length 6 mm., breadth 1.5 mm.
Type in my collection, paratypes in U. S. Nat. Mus. and Cal.
Acad. of Science.
This species is described from a small series of specimens re-
ceived from Texas through Mr. Beyer, some years ago. It was
given me as C. piniphilus, probably because C. ponderose, which
it closely resembles, then passed in most collections as that species.
It is however, very distinct from C. piniphilus and distinguishable
from C. ponderose, its closest relative in our fauna, by its more
prominent eyes and shorter rostrum. Its thorax is also more
bulbous, suggesting C. concinnus, but the eyes of this species are
even more prominent and the apex of the rostrum much more
dilated, besides having other distinguishable characters. It may
possibly be the same as one of the species described from Mexico
Feb.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 17
but does not seem to fit any of the descriptions that are given by
Champion in the Biologia Centrali Americana, though it ap-
proaches C. depressicolis Boh. but does not quite agree with the
figure given* not having the distinct depression and short carina
at base of thorax and not such prominent eyes.
C. ellipticollis n. sp. Shining, piceous with soméwhat rufous
legs. Head with vertex very finely and sparsely punctured, more
coarsely punctured between eyes and moderately coarsely and
closely punctured towards apex of rostrum. Eyes moderately
prominent, sides of head convergent forwards and bowing around
eyes to base of rostrum, a deep and somewhat lengthened punc-
ture between the eyes, diameter of head across eyes about one
fourth greater than greatest breadth of rostrum. Rostrum about
one half length of thorax, basal portion about equal in length to
apical, as broad as long, with sides practically straight and paral-
lel, apical portion abruptly and quadrilaterally dilated, broader
than long and almost one third broader than basal portion. Joints
of funicle of antennze very gradually increasing in width out-
wards, the outermost joint slightly greater than one half width
of club.
Prothorax fully one fourth longer than broad, base bisinuate,
sides constricted for short area at base, thence rather regularly
though narrowly arcuate until near apex where slightly con-
stricted. Surface convex and very slightly flattened above, mod-
erately coarsely, sparsely and somewhat regularly punctured at
sides, more finely and irregularly above, and somewhat coarser
near middle and basally, base slightly more depressed near median
line, giving the point of the median line the appearance of a vague
crista.
Elytra not wider than thorax, surface slightly convex above,
deeply striate, coarsely and crenately punctured especially so in
basal half, intervals convex, with series of very vague punctures.
Body beneath moderately coarsely and sparsely punctured at
middle, apical segment more closely and prothorax more coarsely
as well as closely punctured.
Length 5 mm., breadth I. mm.
* Biolog. Central Amer. Insecta, Col., IV, part 7, plate II, Fig. 17.
18 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
Type in my own collection, paratypes in U. S. Nat. Mus. and
Gal Acad? of Science,
Described from a series of about fifty specimens collected dur-
ing July, 1913, and in the summer of 1914, flying about the build-
ings of a ranch house on the outskirts of Porterville, Cal., by my
friend, Dr. S. Davis. Another specimen has been seen in the col-
lection of Mr. Ralph Hopping, from Kaweah, Cal. This is prob-
ably a very local species of the lower western slopes of the
southern Sierras. It is one of the most cylindrical in our fauna
and in many specimens has a perfectly elliptical thorax. It might
possibly be confused with C. crenatus Horn., but the shape of the
rostrum, the shining appearance and more finely and sparsely
‘punctured thorax will readily separate it. It can be separated
from our other western species by the fact that the thorax is as
broad as the elytra, quite elongate and elliptical, as well as by its
punctuation. From C. concinnus Boh., it is easily separated by
its size and more shining surface and more elongate and finely
punctured thorax.
C. concinnus Boh. Schon. Gen. Curc., IV, p. 1006, Horn,
Proc, Avia, [Meni Soe, XUN 2 ZA, 50), 10),
Black, moderately shining. Head finely and sparsely punc-
tured posteriorly, more coarsely forwards and on rostrum. Eyes
quite prominent, vertex with a deeply impressed and linear punc-
ture slightly above the eyes, diameter of head across the eyes
about one third greater than greatest breadth of rostrum. Ros-
trum less than half the length of the thorax, basal portion about
equal to apical, as broad as long, with straight sides divergent
forwards, apical portion abruptly and widely quadrilaterally di-
lated and much wider than long. Joints of funicle of antenne
distinctly increasing in width outwards, the outermost almost two
thirds the breadth of the club.
Prothorax slightly longer than broad, base bisinuate, sides
strongly constricted at base, then broadly rounded at first, mod-
erately arcuate for median half, and well rounded near apex to a
moderately constricted apex. Surface convex except for tri-
angular area at base in median line which is distinctly depressed
and sometimes with a faint indication of a beginning carina,
Feb.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 19
coarsely deeply and quite regularly punctured over entire surface,
the basal depression cribrate.
Elytra in most cases not wider than thorax, moderately convex,
deeply striate, striz coarsely and serrately punctured, intervals
moderately convex, at apex flatter and very finely uniseriately
punctured.
Body beneath moderately punctured.
Length 4.5-5.5 mm., breadth I mm.
Occurs from Canada to Georgia and Missouri, N. Mexico and
Arizona (Snow). This is apparently the commonest species in
eastern North America. This species, though variable, should be
readily separated by its convex thorax and peculiar rostrum from
any of the other species found in its territory. The form from
the Southwest cited, may prove to be not concinnus. It has been
found under the bark of dead chestnuts in Pennsylvania by Mr.
H. W. Wenzel. It no doubt also lives in other hardwoods.
I have previously stated that I believe Cossonus impressifrons
Boh. to be but a variety of the above. If I am correct, this latter
name will have priority over C. concinnus by several pages and
C. concinnus will then have to be considered as the variety. Good
series from near Harrisburg, Penn., show many individuals with
the thorax less globose and flatter than in typical examples, with
a very much more evident basal thoracic carina, and certain speci-
mens have the thorax evidently narrower than the elytra. These
seem to me to be what Boheman had and they came from the
same territory where presumably Dr. Zimmermann secured his
specimens. I give the original description of C. impressifrons
for the sake of comparison:
“ Cossonus impressifrons—Elongatus, niger, sub-nitidus, glaber,
supra parum convexus, antennis pedibusque nigro piceis; fronte
foveolate ; rostra brevi crasso, apice obsolete carinato, basi, modice
bi-sinuato; elytris confertim punctato striatis, interstitiis angustis,
convexis, levibus.
“Patria, Pennsylvania. A Dom. Zimmermann benevole com-
municatus. M. Schoh.
Rhyncholo chloropo nonnihil minor magis depressus, frons
profunde foveolata, thorax latior, profundius punctatus, etc.
Caput oblongum, nigrum, nitidum, inter oculos foveola oblonga,
20 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
profunde impressum; vertice subtilissime, fronte evidentur punc-
tulatis; oculi semi-globosi, nigri, rostrum latidudine capitis et vix
illo longius, basi nonnihil constrictum, apicem versus perparum
quadrangulariter amplicatum, convexum sat crebre punctulatum,
nigrum, nitidum, antennz brevis crassae nigro-picea, parce pilose,
clava breviter ovata, sub-acuminata, delutiore, dense pubescente.
Thorax—latitude media longior, anterius angustior apice trun-
catus, intra apicem leviter constrictus, margine apicis vix elevato,
lateribus fere rectis, basi modice bi-sinuatus, supra planus, sat pro-
funde, minus crebre dispersa punctatus, in dorso postico carinula
obsoleta, longitudinali instructus, totus niger, nitidus, glaber.
Scutellum parvum rotundatum, nigrum nitidum leve. Elytra
~-antice sub-sinuata thoracis medio haud angustiora, humeris vix
prominulis, rotundatis, lateribus non amplicata, apice ipso con-
junctim rotundata, thorax vix duplo longiora supra parum con-
vexa, distincta et crebra striata et in striis confertim punctata,
interstiis angustis, convexis, levibus, tota nigra, nitida, glabra,
corpus subtus disperse, minus crebre punctatum, nigrum, nitidum;
pectore canaliculato. Pedes brevis, validi, nigro-picei nitidi, re-
mota punctulati; femoribus crasse clavatis, muticis; tarsis tenu-
ibus dilutius piceis——Bhn.”’
C.\crenatus! Horn: . Proc) Am Philly Soc, XG 2 Zap
Black, moderately shining. Head finely and sparsely punctured
on basal portion, coarsely and more closely on rostrum. Eyes
prominent, vertex with a deep and somewhat extended puncture
between and above eyes, diameter of head across eyes over one
third greater than greatest breadth of rostrum. Rostrum shorter
than half the length of thorax, basal portion shorter than apical,
broader than long, with straight and parallel sides, apical portion
but slightly dilated and broader than long. Joints of funicle of
antennz barely wider externally, the outermost one half width
of club.
Prothorax longer than broad, oblong, base bisinuate, sides
rounded and constricted at base, straight or but feebly arcuate
for middle three fourths, thence arcuate to slightly constricted
apex. Surface convex and but slightly flattened above, coarsely
Feb.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 21
deeply and moderately closely punctured and with a small and
elongated crista in median line at base sometimes perceptible.
Elytra not wider than the thorax and twice as long, surface
deeply striate, strize deeper and broader at base, moderately
coarsely and serrately punctured, intervals convex, narrow, with
a single series of very minute punctures.
Body beneath black, shining, coarsely and moderately densely
punctured. Legs black or piceo-rufous.
Length 3.5-5.5 mm., breadth 1.25 mm.
This beetle occurs in Oregon, Northern California, along the
western flanks of the Sierras, in the San Bernardino Mts., in Ari-
zona, Williams (Wickham) and the Huachuca Mts. (Wenzel),
New Mexico (Knaus), and on Mt. San Pedro Martir, Lower Cal.
It is found beneath the bark of dead yellow pines (Pinus ponderosa
Law.), Jeffrey pines (Pinus jeffreyi Lem.), lodge pole pines (Pinus
contorta var. murrayana Engel.), and no doubt other pines. It
seems to prefer the areas of the logs that are somewhat dryer
than those frequented by C. ponderose. This species could only
be confused with one western species, C. ellipticollis, from which
the peculiarities of rostrum and thorax will readily separate it,
and with the eastern C. corticola Say. Typical specimens from
California can be readily separated from the latter by the coarse
and cribrate thoracic punctures, the more dilated apex of the
rostrum and the antennal structures; the less typical Arizona
specimens with their finer thoracic punctures, best by the rostrum
and antennal structures. The proportionately larger club of C.
crenatus Horn seems to be a reliable character. The two species
are however related.
€. corticola Say. Curc. N. A., p. 24; Say, collected works,
Baicec. I, p. 201; Boh. Schon: Gen. Curc., IV, p. 1005 5 Horn,
Proc, Am. Phil: Soc., XIII; 2 Z, p. 439; Champion,, ‘Biolog.
Centr. Am. Insecta, Col. IV, Pt. 7, p. 48; Borophleus minor Woll.,
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 627.
Black, somewhat shining. Head finely and sparsely punctured,
more coarsely and closely between the eyes and basal portion of
rostrum, somewhat finer on apical portion; eyes quite prominent.
Vertex with a deeply impressed and somewhat elongate puncture
22 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
between and above the eyes, diameter of head across eyes over
one third greater than greatest breadth of rostrum. Rostrum
less than half the length of thorax, basal portion shorter than the
apical, broader than long and with straight sides, apical portion
but slightly dilated and wider than basal, much broader than long.
Joints of funicle of antenne very transverse and but gradually
increasing in width outwards, outermost joint more than one half
width of club.
Prothorax oblong, much longer than wide, base bisinuate, sides
narrowed at base, thence arcuate to near apex where slightly
constricted, surface moderately coarsely and closely punctured,
disc at center frequently impunctured, slightly depressed behind
on each side of median line.
Elytra elongate, parallel, somewhat narrower than the thorax,
deeply striate, striz seriately punctured, more coarsely basally,
intervals narrow, flat at apex, finely uniseriately punctulate.
Body beneath shining, coarsely and on the thorax densely
punctured.
Length 4-5 mm., breadth .80 mm.
Occurs from New York south to the Gulf States where more
common, Missouri and through Mexico to Guatemala (Cham-
pion). This species, because of its broad thorax and almost un-
dilated rostrum at apex could only be confused with one other
species in our fauna, C. crenatus, Horn. It differs from this by
having a more evenly rounded thorax and less carinate elytral
intervals in addition to the differential characters given under C.
crenatus. This is sometimes confused with C. concinnus Boh. °
but is readily separated by the rostral characters. C. corticola
Say has been found under dead oak bark in New Jersey (H. W.
Wenzel) and under dead pine bark at Tybee Island, Ga. (H. W.
Wenzel). The normal food trees, I believe, are pines.
C. falli Champion. Biolog. Centr. Am. Insecta, ‘Col., Vol. 10,
DEA DeceaiGOO)) Map aEsis:
C. sulcirostris Fall. Can. Ent. Vol., 41 (1909), p. 169.
Moderately convex, piceous, legs rufous. Head almost smooth
posteriorly, very finely punctured above eyes and at apex of beak,
more coarsely between eyes and base of beak, a long distinct sul-
Feb., 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 23
cus extending from the interocular puncture two thirds the dis-
tance to the apex; eyes moderately prominent; diameter of head
across eyes about one third greater than greatest width of rostrum.
Rostrum shorter than half the thorax, flattened cylindrical, basal
portion shorter than apical and broader than wide, sides almost
straight and gradually divergent to sides of apical portion which
is but slightly broader than basal. Scrobes beginning near the
tip, not distinctly visible from the front, joints of funicle gradu-
ally wider outwards, outermost more than one half width of club.
Prothorax longer than wide, base bisinuate, sides slightly nar-
rowed at base, broadly arcuate or almost straight to apex where
but slightly constricted. Surface very coarsely punctulate with
somewhat lengthened punctures, closer at sides, more sparsely on
the disk, with a nearly smooth area at middle towards base, a
slight indication of carina at base in front of scutellum.
Elytra parallel, very slightly wider than the thorax, striz of
coarse punctures which are separated by half their longitudinal
diameters. Striz nearest suture deep, intervals nearly flat, very
finely, uniseriately punctulate.
Body beneath coarsely, rather closely punctulate except the ab-
domen and middle portion of metasternum where the punctures
are finer and sparser.
Length 4.3 mm., breadth .75 mm. San Jose del Cabo and
Santa Rosa, Lower California.
The above description is modified from the original of Fall with
the aid of a specimen kindly presented to me by him. His dis-
tinctive name was unfortunately preoccupied by a Mexican spe-
cies. This species can be confounded with none other in our
fauna, its parallel shape with thorax as broad as elytra, its broad,
short and but slightly dilated rostrum with its long sulcus, and
its peculiar punctuation readily separating it.
Mr. E. D. Kieth, of Providence, R. I., mentions among the
rarities taken by him during 1914: Pachnobia manifesta, Hadena
mordinata, H. burgessi, Porosagrotis tripars, Agrotis violaris,
Anticarsia gemmatilis, Anchocelis digitalis.
24 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
SHORT STUDIES IN GEOMETRID. NO. 4.
SUPPLEMENTAL NOTE.
By RicHarp F. PEARSALL, Brooklyn, N. Y.
At the time my article was given to the BULLETIN (Oct., 1914)
I was still in the Catskill Mts., and my specimens were in Brook-
lyn. It was impossible therefore to designate types and cotypes
(paratypes), as I now do.
The type ¢ and 2 emendata are from the Big Indian Valley,
Catskill Mts., and were reared from larve, with eight cotype 99,
one from Bon Accord, B. C., VI, 7.09, four caught specimens.
Big Indian Valley, Cats. Mts., V, 25.05, VII, 6.04, VII, 15.04,
VIII, 1.04, and two reared from larve as recorded.
The type of form gynandrata was captured in the Big Indian
Valley, Cats. Mts., VII, 11.04.. Three of the cotypes VII, 11.04,
VII, 5.04, VII, 6.04, while a single one was reared from larve as
previously noted.
The edition of this number of the BULLETIN has been enlarged slightly
to meet the great demand for Coleopterous taxonomy. But the advance
requests have been so numerous that the Publication Committee cannot
guarantee to deliver the single number. Synopses of important beetle
genera will take a great part of the space for the entire volume to come.
Hence all friends of entomology are urged to send for the volume, rather
than the single number. The new series includes seven numbers of vol.
VIII., price $1.40; five numbers of vol. IX., price $1, and the current vol.
X., price $1, postpaid, for the five numbers.
New Jersey Entomological Company
HERMAN H. BREHME, Manager
Dealers in Insects of all Orders. Lepidoptera, Cocoons and Pupz. Life
Histories. Cocoons and Pupae bought. Entomological Supplies, Insect
Pins, Cork, Riker Specimen Mounts, Nets, Spreading Boards, Boxes, ete.
74 THIRTEENTH AVENUE, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY
OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA
WANTED.—Pupz of Papilio ajax and rutulus. Ward’s Natural Sci-
ence Establishment, 84 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
All kinds of Chrysalids, Cocoons, and Pupze wanted in exchange for
North American lepidoptera. Address: Herman H. Brehme, 74 Thirteenth
Ave., Newark, N. J.
Florida Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells,
and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla.
WANTED.—No. Am. Cerambycide and Buprestide, especially Agrilus;
will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above
families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass.
The undersigned will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey
species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey—Harry B. Weiss, 272
Hale St., New Brunswick, N. J.
Offer wanted for two cabinets, one of 24 book-form boxes, the other
of 20 drawers; includes about 1,800 fine specimens, butterfly boxes, spread-
ing boards, etc. Write to G. Wm. Reinecker, 66 Nelson Ave, Jersey
City N: J.
The collection of the late G. W. Kirkaldy has come into my hands.
From his letters to me it would appear that there is loaned material con-
tained therein. If the lenders will communicate with me, I shall return
such of this loaned material as may stilt be in existence. J. R. de la Torre-
Bueno, 14 Dusenbury Place, White Plains, N. Y.
WANTED.—Transactions American Entomological Society, vols. I., IL.
III., and IV.; Entomological News, vol. II., nos. 1 and 6; vol. IX., nos. 1
and 2; vol. X., no. 10; vol. XI., nos. 1, 3 and 5. Will purchase at reason-
able prices. Howard L. Clark, P. O. Box 1142, Providence, R. I.
Fine specimens of the large Mantis, Paratenodera sinensis, collected
at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., offered in exchange for North Ameri-
can Lepidoptera—Philip Laurent, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.
I shall be prepared to raise pupe during the season of 1915 in exchange
for exotic Lepidoptera. Wish to hear from those interested quantity and
species they desire—H. S. Gladwin, Madison, N. J.
R. STAUDINGER & A. BANG-HAAS, Dresden-Blasewitz,
in their new Price List No. LVII. for 1914 (116 pag.), offer
more than 20,000 Species of well named Lepidoptera, set or in
papers, from all parts of the world, in finest condition ; 2,600
kinds of prepared larvae, etc. Separate price lists for Coleoptera
(30,000 species, 208 pag.), for Hymenoptera (3,600 species), Dip-
tera (2,900), Hemiptera (2,500), Orthoptera (1,200), Neuroptera
(630), Biological Objects (300). Discount for cash orders. Prices
low. We sell no more living pupe. Extraordinarily cheap cen-
turtes and lots (List gratis). Fine species at very low prices.
Lots sent for selection.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCUEIY:
Sent postpaid on receipt of price by A. C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park
Place, Brooklyn. European Agent, W. Junk, Sachsischerstr. 68, Berlin,
W. I5.
THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomol-
ogy, by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by the Kny-Scheerer Co.,
404-410 West 27th St., N. Y. City, and Ward’s Natural Science Establish-
ment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
Cloth bound: ..t ees eents ae Nhe ice ee Oe 2.00
BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
Vols. 1, 2 and 3 are out of print and will be bought at $1.50 each.
Vols 4tor7 for sale.at, per vols sohoras see eee 1.25
Volumes of tthe Bulletin’ for sale ates-ce eee eee 1.40
Voltimeo!or the -Bulleinl tom salesat sae eee ee 1.00
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 each 2.00
PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vol. 1 and’ 4, eachi)...ec.e8 2.00
Vols. 2 and 3 wanted.
SCHAUPP, Synopsis of the Cicindelidz, 5 col. plates ........... 1.00
OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera ........ 50
UHLER: Checklist of the Hemiptera eee ee tee eee 25
Odd numbers of missing volumes of Papilio and Bulletin wanted at
full prices.
THE BROOKLYN
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first
Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at 185
Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00.
OFFICERS, 1915
President
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
Vice-President
W. T. BATHER
Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
Recording Secretary
J. R. pe ta TORRE-BUENO
Treasurer
C. E. OLSEN
Librarian
A. C. WEEKS
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences
CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society
Published in
October, December, February, April and June of each year
Subscription price, domestic, $1.00 per year; foreign $1.25,
in advance; single copies 25 cents. Advertising rates on applica-
tion. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to ento-
mologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if
ordered in advance of publication, additional at cost. Address
subscriptions and all communications to
R. P. DOW, Editor,
15 Broad Street, New York City.
“2
”
ie
THE KNY-SCHEERER CO., —
Department of Natural Science
G. LAGAI, Ph.D.
404-410 West 27th Street New York City
~~
SS ae
Se eee ee,
ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS
North American and exotic insects of all orders
in perfect condition. Single specimens and
collections illustrating mimicry, protective color-
ation, dimorphism, collections of representatives
of the different orders of insects, etc.
Ears ne ea
x
——?
Series of specimens illustrating insect life, color
variation, etc. Metamorphoses of insects.
-ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES _
- Collecting Utensils.
Breeding Apparatus and Cages
for Living Animals,
Preparing and Preserving Uten-
SRSA
Cabinets, Insect Cases and Lin-
ing Material.
Magnifiers.
Botanists’ Supplies.
Explorers’ and Collectors’ Camp
Outfits.
Miscellaneous Naturalists’ Sup-
plies. .
Oologists’ Supplies.
Aquaria.
Books and Publications.
Chemicals.
Illustrated Catalogues of Biological Supplies and Entomolog-
ical Supplies sent free on application.
Fo tos Poe EON
(HE KNY“SCHEERER CO.NY, —
Vol. X_ APRIL, 1915 No. 2
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY
NEW SERIES
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
‘ Chairman
, J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW,
Ny Advertising Manager Editor
ae Published by the Society
y
) Price, 25 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
CONTENTS
SOME NEW BEETLES IN THE FAMILIES OSTOMID/A
-(TROGOSITIDZ) AND CLERIDA, Van Dyke ..........--.2+- 25
DENDROTETTIX QUERCUS RILEY, AT YAPHANK, LONG
TSEAN DN iV Wats ol ca ee stil Ser gata get LR na a 33
A 'CAPSID NEW TO°’OUR. FAUNA® Olsen iss oes cle coneee eee 34
COLLECTING NOTES ON KANSAS COLEOPTERA, pais Ve aes
NEW YORK STATE COLLEGE OF FORESTRY ..............- 40
eoecesenseecesesevreseeees ees eo oseeceeeoeseoeoeeereseeeseetee eo
Trees DmroLrATED BY DENDROTETTIX Quercus AT RipGEway, N. J., AuGust, 10rt.
‘ ie atid,
qian MStil Ut;
ig,
“a
Jr
L&
/
NV
f af ev
=4° ! ASU
“Cigna N\ uss
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
VoL. X APRIL, 1915 Nor2
SOME NEW BEETLES IN THE FAMILIES OSTOMIDZ
(TROGOSITIDA) AND CLERIDZ FROM
CALIFORNIA.
By Epwin C. Van Dyke, Berkeley, Cal.
OSTOMIDZE (TROGOSITIDZ)
The genus Nemosoma Latr., has generally been misunderstood
by American Coleopterists, chiefly from the fact that the two
species, parallelus Melsh. and cylindricum Lec., have so long
stood as our representatives of the genus. These we now know
are quite dissimilar from true Nemosoma as represented by the
European N. elongatum Linn., the species upon which Latreille
founded the genus, and in fact belong in another genus. The
recently described Pseudalindria fissiceps Fall, as pointed out by
Mr. Charles Schaeffer, is however, a true member of the genus.
A new species in my own collection also belongs here. The other
species, parallelus Melsh., cylindricum Lec., caviceps Fall, and one
new one belong in the genus Corticotomus Sharp, a genus founded
upon the Guatemalan species, C. basalis Sharp. One other Central
American species, C. gracilis Sharp from Panama has also been
described.
Nemosoma is a small genus containing, so far as I know, one
species in Europe, two in the Caucasus, one.in the West Indies,
two in California, one in Central America, and one or more in
South America. The beetles are elongated and often very prettily
marked and they live in forest trees, chiefly coniferous, and roam
around in the tunnels of the Scolytide or bark borers, upon the
eggs and larve of which they and their larve no’ doubt feed.
25
>
‘?
eS ) |
MAY 10 1915
ae
& yA
\
a
26 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. X
Corticotomus contains but the two species in Central America,
the two in eastern North America, and two in western North
America. They resemble very closely in shape and habits, the
members of the preceding genus and two of them are similarly
ornamented.
Key To THE NortH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE Two GENERA.
Head deeply triangularly emarginate and impressed at apex, mandibles
detlexcdameee eee NAR Cet SMe peed Meelis tae, genus Nemosoma Latr.
Black with pronotum and base of elytra rufous, larger and stouter,
ADO MVE HIMesTaSMOnerasponoadie (Cally) melee eres fissiceps Fall.
Black with base of elytra rufous, smaller and more linear, about six
timesmas onewase nod Ges (Cally) mete tee attenuatum n. sp.
Head not triangularly emarginate and impressed at apex, mandibles
Uplate dhs seis eaters con tt cepted ie iets ane tL pe taaa genus Corticotomus Sharp.
Front quite flat, head scarcely impressed behind.
Piceous. with base of elytra and often apex rufescent (Eastern
SPates)) iss Sore me eecis cm eet oe Peper Ne areca ear cylindricus Lec.
Rufous or castaneous throughout, with legs and antenne somewhat
lighter.
With elytral intervals impunctate (Cal.) ...... californicus n. sp.
With elytral intervals distinctly punctate (Atlantic States).
parallelus Melsh.
Front broadly concave, fea transversely impressed posteriorly (Ariz.,
INeaMiexs (Coll iGall. eevee. mete noe oe eee ree caviceps Fall.
Nemosoma Lat. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., Ist ed., XXIV,
Tab. Meth., p. 157, 1807; Nemosoma Latr. Gen. Crust. et Insect.,
1809; Pseudalindria Fall. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXXVI, No. 2,
p. 126, I9To.
N. fissiceps Fall. Pseudalindria fissiceps Fall, Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., XXXVI, No. 2, p. 126, 1910.
This species seems to be confined to the Sierra Nevada Moun-
tains of California. The specimens upon which the original de-
scription was based, were caught by myself in the early spring of
1898 at Forest Hill, Placer County, flying about woodpiles, pre-
sumably of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britt.) though
some yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws) might have been
present. Mr. Ralph Hopping has captured four specimens in the
mountains of Fresno Co., on yellow pine. I know of but one
other specimen, in the collection of Dr. George Horn.
April, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 27
N. attenuatum n. sp. Form very narrow, attenuated, cylindrical,
moderately shining, black with slight bluish lustre to upper sur-
face; an oblique patch extending inwards from the humeri, the
antenne and tarsi rufous. Antenne extending backwards just
beyond margin of head, first joint moderate in size, joints 2-8
small and short, gradually wider externally and subequal in length
to club, club robust and over twice as wide as eighth joint. Head
elongate, about twice as long as wide, slightly divergent forwards
to eyes where wider than either thorax or elytra; eyes moderate
in size, rather flat and placed anterior to middle. Epistoma deeply
triangularly emarginate and impressed, front with a longitudinal
impressed line; surface rather finely punctured with elongated
punctures anteriorly and with coarse sparser and rounder punc-
tures posteriorly. Prothorax subequal in length to head, narrower
posteriorly than elytra, gradually divergent forwards to head
where of same breadth as base of head and elytra, base broadly
arcuate and apex truncate, disc evenly convex, sparsely and finely
punctured, more finely than on head, side margin fine. Elytra
about as wide as apex of prothorax, over three times as long as
wide and slightly longer than head and prothorax together ;. punc-
tuation fine and sparse and with tendency to serial arrangement
only near suture; disc without trace of striz, a short rather deep
linear impression without suture on apical depression. Head
beneath and prosternum with a few coarse punctures, meta-
sternum and abdomen finely and sparsely punctulate.
Length 4 mm., breadth, .75 mm.
Type in my own collection. Paratype sent to U. S. National
Museum. |
Described from a small series, collected by myself and beaten
from dead boughs of Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata Don.) at
Carmel, Cal., May 19, 1913. A few other specimens have since
been secured by my friend, L. S. Slevin, at the same place. This
species varies from .5 mm. smaller to .5 mm. longer than type.
It is related to N. fissiceps Fall but can be readily separated by
its smaller size, more attenuated form, and by the fact that the
thorax, femur and tibiz are black whereas they are rufous in the
other.
28 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
Corticotomus Sharp. Biolog. Centr. Am. Insecta, Col. II, part
I, page 390, Sept. 18901.
C. cylindricus Lec. Nemosoma cylindricum Lec., Smith.
Misc. Coll., Vol. VI, p. 65 (1863-65 ).
This species superficially resembles the preceding two, but can
be readily separated by the characters of the head. From C.
caviceps Fall, which it more closely resembles, it can be separated
by the form of the head and by the elytral striz being distinct to
the apex. It is apparently fairly well distributed in the eastern
states but scarce.
C. californicus n. sp. Form narrow, elongated, convex, but
slightly shining, rufous, with antennz and legs lighter than the
body. Antennz extending backwards just beyond margin of
head, first joint moderate, joints 2-8 small and short, gradually
wider externally and subequal in length to club, club robust and
about twice as wide as eighth joint. Head elongate (excluding
mandibles), broader than long, just perceptibly convex at sides,
at eyes but slightly wider than thorax or elytra; eyes moderate
and not prominent and situated anterior to middle. Front tri-
angularly flattened and with shallow fovea at apex above and
transversely impressed at junction with clypeus, surface moder-
ately finely and sparsely punctured. Prothorax about % longer
than head, as wide posteriorly as base of elytra, thence gradually
divergent forwards where just perceptibly broader than base of
head, base broadly arcuate, apex truncate, disc finely and sparsely
punctate anteriorly, punctures but vaguely indicated posteriorly,
side margin fine. Elytra as wide at base as base of thorax, with
straight sides which are just perceptibly divergent to near apex
where broadly rounded, about three times as long as broad and
considerably longer than head and thorax together, with striz
faintly impressed and punctured for basal three fourths with
double series in close apposition, of faint, elongate, punctures,
apical declivity without distinct impression. Head beneath and
prosternum with a few fine punctures, metasternum and abdomen
practically smooth.
Length, 3 mm., breadth, .7 mm.
Type in my own collection. Paratype sent to U. S. Nat. Mus.
Type locality, Carrville, Trinity County, Cal.
April, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29
Described from a small series of specimens collected by myself,
by beating the dead boughs of Western Yellow Pine (Pinus
ponderosa Dougl.), near Carrville, Trinity Co., Cal., in June, 1913,
and at McCloud, Siskiyou County, Cal., July 1, 1914.
This species varies but little in size though somewhat in color,
the more mature having the pronotum and apical portion of the
elytra darker. It is probably closely related to parallelus Melsh.,
but evidently distinct by the characters given.
C. parallelus Melsh. ?Rhizophagus parallelus Melsh., Proc.
Avcaq. Phil., IT, p. 108.
This species, which is found in the Atlantic States, under the
bark of coniferous trees, is apparently rare. It seems from the
description, for I lack a specimen, to closely resemble californicus.
It can, however, be separated from that by the distinctly punctate
elytral intervals.
C. caviceps Fall. Nemosoma caviceps Fall, Am. Ent. Soc.,
mn VI, No. 2 (1910), p. 127.
This species is closely related to the eastern C. cylindricus Lec.
but easily separated by the characters of the head and the fact that
the elytral striz are only evident basally, whereas in the latter,
they are distinct to the apex. Found on the Huachuca Mountains,
Arizona—g,o00o feet (type locality) ; Las Vegas, Hot Springs,
New Mexico (Barber and Schwarz); Colorado (Champlain) ;
high Southern Sierras of Mariposa County on Sugar Pine (Pinus
lambertiana Dougl.) (Hopping), Glenn County (Hopping),
Trinity County (Hopping), Trinity Mts., near Carrville at over
7,000 feet alt. (myself). My specimens were beaten from
western yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl.). One of my
specimens was compared with the type by Fall and pronounced
not to “differ in any appreciable way from my type of N.
caviceps. The serial punctures on the elytra are just visibly
larger in the type, but that is about all.”
CLERID,
Enoclerus cupressi n. sp. Black, elytra with faint bluish sheer
and with triangular orange red maculation at humeri and broad
transverse bar of same color at middle, the latter not meeting at
30 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
suture though close at its posterior border, a wedge of black
separating the two portions, but reaching the side margin and ex-
tending in a narrow band forwards along the margin to humeral
spots. Abdomen rufous. Slightly shining. Head, pronotum and
elytra with moderate covering of rather long erect black hair and
with a shorter and denser semi-erect black pile beneath, this latter
changing to white on the red areas, legs and under side with a
sparse covering of long gray hair, and a transverse bar of short
gray pubescence near apex of elytra, this extending backwards
along suture to apex. Head including the eyes, narrower than the
thorax, moderately closely and coarsely punctured. Thorax about
as broad as long, narrower than the elytra, disc rather finely,
closely and rugosely punctured. Elytra about twice as long as
broad, with prominent humeri, sides straight and parallel to beyond
middle, then gradually rounded to truncate apex, surface granu-
lose, puctures very fine on black areas, coarse and sparse on red.
Beneath rather coarsely and sparsely punctured forwards and very
finely on abdomen.
Length 7 mm., breadth, 2.5 mm.
Type in my own collection.
Type locality Carmel, Monterey County, Cal.
Beaten from the Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa
Gord.), by Mr. L. S. Slevin. Also beaten from Sargent’s cypress
(Cupressus sargenti Jepson), on Cypress Ridge, near Fairfax,
Marin Co., Cal., by myself. Ten specimens have been seen. This
beetle no doubt lives both in the larval and adult stage upon the
bark beetles, particularly Phloeosinus cupressi Hopk., and their
larve.
There is a slight amount of variation in the color pattern as is
usual. The median red markings almost meet in one specimen. It
resembles superficially Enoclerus eximius Mann. It however is,
in general, proportionately broader and stouter, with sides of
elytra more parallel, the surface generally rougher though with
the punctures less evidently defined except on the red patches, the
black color of the elytra of a bluish black instead of a coal black,
the markings of a richer orange red and the median patches not
meeting at the suture as is the general rule in the other, where
they not only meet but send an extension backwards along the
April, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 31
suture, by the longer as well as the shorter hair of the thorax being
inky black instead of the shorter gray, and by the general surface
of the body being covered with a denser covering of hair, both
short and long. Eximius also has a different life, being found
exclusively upon the soft wood trees, such as the California laurel
(Umbellularia californica Nutt.), the willow, the alder and the
wax myrtle, and living, so far as I have observed, exclusively upon
the Ptinidee.
Hydnocera quadrimaculata n. sp. Black, moderately shining;
antennz except outer part of club, inner surface of anterior tibia
and first tarsal joint and femur at junction with trochanter, and
four elytral maculations, yellow ; body very hairy. Head as broad
as elytra at base, densely, finely rugose, front not impressed,
clothed with sparse, moderately long, brownish black, erect hair.
Thorax slightly narrower than the head, broader than long, rather
finely, rugosely punctate, sides moderately and regularly dilated
anterior to middle, pubescence like that of head only longer,
intermixed with sparse shorter coat of ashy pubescence. Elytra
but little shorter than the abdomen, about two and one quarter
times as long as broad, sides nearly parallel, apices oblique on outer
part and separately rounded near suture; humeri distinct; disc
feebly convex; suture strongly depressed at ‘base; surface with a
greenish lustre, the anterior yellow maculations just back of base
and less distinct, the posterior just back of middle, more or less
circular and distinct, rather coarsely and posteriorly confluently
punctured, an oblique depression running from humeri inwards
and a more circular one just posterior to posterior maculation,
pile on anterior half similar to that of thorax and on posterior half
much shorter. Underside and legs more shining, with more of a
greenish luster, more finely and sparsely punctured, and clothed
with longer, erect and shorter semi-erect ashen pile.
Length, 5.5 mm., breadth, 1.5 mm.
Type in my own collection, a unique collected near San Diego,
Cal., July 4, 1914, by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee and kindly presented
to me.
This species can be easily separated from any of our other
western species by its size and markings.
*
32 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
Galeruclerus trilobatus n. sp. Elongate, rufous, elytra a deep
metallic blue, sides of meso- and metasternum and abdomen black,
three outer joints of antenne piceous; shining, moderately pubes-
cent above, the hair erect and moderately long, antenne eleven
jointed, first joint of moderate size, second smaller, longer than
broad and but slightly broader than third, third to ninth small and
of same breadth but of gradually diminishing length, seventh,
eighth and ninth transverse, ninth and tenth large and triangular,
longer than broad, together as long as joints 2-9, eleventh two
thirds as long as two preceding, oval with apex slightly constricted.
Head grossly moderately, densely punctured, a slight depression
on front between eyes, eyes prominent. Thorax longer than broad;
about as broad at base as apex; sides with basal portion almost
parallel though with slight constriction anteriorly, a broadly di-
lated and lobed median portion, and with a narrower, though
slightly lobed apical portion; disc convex, punctured like head,
with slight broad longitudinal depression near middle, base mar-
gined. Elytra about three times as long as.broad, base slightly
broader than thorax, gradually though slightly broader posteri-
orly, sides almost straight, apex conjointly rounded ; very coarsely,
deeply punctate, punctures arranged in irregular rows. Body
beneath sparsely, finely punctured, and with few short prostrate
hairs.
Length, 7 mm., breadth, 1.5 mm.
4 Dype in my own collection.
¢ ' This attractive beetle, a unique, was collected by myself, in
the cafion of the south fork of the Kings River, Cal., at an alti-
tude of about 5,000 feet, July 5, 1910. It was swept from the
herbage near the river. A second specimen, smaller and less
;. typical, with the elytra less bluish and the thorax less trilobed, but
with the pile finer and denser than in fasciata and as in my
specimen, is in the collection of Mr, H. F. Fall. It was collected
in the San Bernardino Mts.
It can be readily separated from all others in our fauna by its
striking color. Structurally, it somewhat resembles G. (Cregya)
fasciata Lec., but it has the sides of the thorax more definitely
trilobed, the punctures of the elytra less serially arranged and the
April, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 33
series less well spaced, and the smaller joints of the antenne
proportionately much shorter than are those in fasciata. It has
been suggested that this might be an extreme color phase of the
last but aside from the size and characters just given, we find that
as the specimens of fasciata get darker, the head, thorax and legs
share the increase in pigmentation along with the elytra. In
trilobatus, there is a very decided contrast between the clear
rufous color of the head, thorax and legs, and the deep blue uni-
colorous elytra. Fasciata lives upon various Ptinide and pre-
sumably this species has similar habits.
DENDROTETTIX QUERCUS RILEY, AT YAPHANK, LONG
ISLAND, N. Y.
By Wo. T. Davis, New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y.
On September 3, 1912, a single male Dendrotettix quercus was
collected at Yaphank, Long Island, N. Y. This is the first record
from the State of New York of this sometimes very destructive
grasshopper.
The insect was first described, but without a scientific name, by
Lawrence Bruner, in Bulletin No. 13, U. S. Dept. of Agri., Div. of
Entomology, in his report for 1886, printed in 1887, wherein he
calls it “ The Post Oak Locust of Washington County, Texas,”
and tells how by reason of its great numbers it had completely
defoliated the trees of the forest. He also mentions the bright
colors of the insect, its gaudy appearance and tells of its activity
and shyness.
The species was next mentioned as Dendrotettix quercus, but
without description, by Dr. Riley at the meeting of the Washing-
ton Entomological Society, held June 2, 1887, when he stated that
he had reared it many years ago in Missouri through all of its
stages. He adds: “The peculiarity of the genus is that as far
as we know it is essentially tree-inhabiting.”
The scientific name and description were first assembled by Dr.
Packard who, in the Fifth Report of the U. S. Entomological
34 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
Commission, 1890, referred to the insect as Dendrotettix quercus
Riley, MS., and quoted Bruner’s description.
In Tinsect Lite: Volt Vi, (piv254, 1803) Orr draley: deen de-
scribes the genus and species and names the long-winged form
Dendrotettix longipenns. This form was figured by Bruner,
Bull, Div. Ent. U.S: Dep: Agric, Nos 28) (1s03) pn 1
In the 1910 List of the Insects Found in New Jersey, Dendro-
tettiv quercus is reported from Bamber, July 17, by Mr. Daecke.
This was said at the time to be the only record of the species in
the Eastern United States.
The author found this grasshopper on August 16, 1910, about a
mile west of Lakewood, and in vast numbers at Ridgeway, N. J.,
in August, 1911. An account of this visitation and the damage
done to the forest trees and some of the shrubs, was given in
Entomological News for January, 1912. An idea of the great.
damage wrought by Dendrotettix at that time may be had by an
inspection of the plate accompanying this article. Strange to say
in August, 1912, not a trace of Dendrotettiv could be found; there
weré none where there had been thousands of individuals the
year before.
In 1914 Mr. Frederick Schott found a female Dendrotettixy at
Lakehurst, N. J., on July 26, and a male on August 15.
Most of the individuals of this species cannot fly, but occasion-
ally both males and females have long wings. There are but very
few individuals with wings of an intermediate character.
A CAPSID NEW TO OUR FAUNA.
By Curis. E, Otsen, Maspeth, N. Y.
Some time ago while engaged in a general housecleaning of my
bugs I came across in a box of unidentified material four examples
of what I had casually regarded as an hemipterous nymph. A
second look showed it to be a mature insect of short winged form.
Some years previously I had sent to Mr. Otto Heidemann a lot of
material among which he had picked out Pithanus maerkeli H.
April, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 35
Sch. Subsequently Mr. A. C. Jensen Haarup, author of Dan-
mark’s Fauna Taeger, gave me a copy of his work. It contains
an excellent figure and a note, to wit: “ P. maerkeli H. Sch. Black;
apical half of first antennal segment, sides of
hemelytra and connexivum whitish yellow; by \
each eye often a narrow, light, somewhat ob-
lique cross stripe; legs reddish. In the full
winged examples the whitish on the hemelytra
predominates and the prothorax widens con-
siderably at its base. Long. 444-514 mm.
Common all over in meadows, nearly always
short winged.” The accompanying drawing is
copied from that in Jensen Haarup’s work,
with the abdomen changed to agree with my
four specimens, in which it is slightly nar-
rower and longer. My specimens were taken
by sweeping a dry grassy hillside near Cat-
ing’s Pond, Maspeth, L. I., N. Y., June 7-20,
the year probably 1909. They add, I believe, a new genus and
species to our fauna, and it may be worth noting that maerkeli
is the type of the genus. It is not improbable that this brachyp-
teron has escaped attention from its resemblance to a nymph
One good look at the dorsal side of the abdomen tells the mature
creature the seeming wing pads being mature brachelytra.
COLLECTING NOTES ON KANSAS COLEOPTERA.
By WarrEN Knaus, McPherson, Kansas
About six miles north of the Arkansas River in Reno County
is a stretch of sand hills a mile or more in width, consisting of
immense sand dunes, bare of vegetation, and caused by strong
winds. The bottoms of these “blow-outs” contain pools of water
except in very dry seasons The sand hill flora is quite different
from that of the surrounding country, the margins of the pools
and draws being lined with tall grass and sedges. The timber
consists of scattered cottonwoods, willows and sand plums. The
36 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
Yucca, or “Spanish Needle,” abounds, and the shifting sands
expose their large bulbous roots. I have collected over this
ground for a quarter of a century and hardly a year passes without
my meeting with surprises in the beetle fauna. Species, common
one year, will disappear for a term of years, while rarer forms
occasionally become fairly common. The bare sands and the
margins of the pools are the favorite resort and breeding places of
Cicindelide. Of this family I have collected near Medora, Reno
County, the following:
Tetracha virginica, Cicindela scutellaris, formosa, venusta,
tranquebarica, repanda, hirticollis, var. ponderosa, punctulata,
lepida.
These species are taken commonly in May and June and scutel-
laris, formosa, venusta, tranquebarica, hirticollis, and punctu-
lata in September and the first half of October. C. lepida and
venusta are the rarer forms.
On the sides of the dunes one will see little piles of fresh sand;
digging down below the surface one frequently uncovers the light
yellow colored Geopinus fluvialis Casey. In the latter days of
September, or the warm days of early October, one can sometimes
find the large Elaterid, Orthostethus infuscatus, feeding on decay-
ing watermelons, where a patch of this fruit occurs on the farms
covering a part of the sand hill country. Feeding with the
Elaterid may also be found the large and showy Tragidion coquus
and more rarely the variety fulvipenne. Gorging themselves on
the melons may also occasionally be found, at this season of the
year, the Euryomid, Stephanucha pilipennis. ‘This species may
also be found in May crawling over the surface of the sand or
even burrowing beneath the surface.
The beautiful little Clerid, Hydnocera Knausii Schaeffer is
sparingly found in sweeping the plants growing on the prairies
and cultivated fields of this region. It occurs usually in May
and June and is also found as late as September. Other Hydno-
cera taken by beating vegetation are subfasciata, humeralis, pubes-
cens, pedalis, and longicollis. Pedalis is taken only rarely. Luca-
nus placidus occurs occasionally under pieces of wood or cow
chips and sometimes a dead specimen is found lying on the sand.
Ls
April, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 37
I have never found, however, more than two or three specimens
during any one season.
Phaneus carnifex is the common species in this region but I
find difformis is fully as common. These vary considerably in
size and even the color variation in some cases is quite striking.
In 1886 I found my first specimen of Bradycinetus fossator in
Rooks County along the south fork of the Solomon River. I had
never seen any other specimens of this species in the state until
1913 when three specimens were taken on sand dunes near Medora,
the latter part of May, but no specimens were found last season.
This species is considered to be quite rare and is found in com-
paratively few collections in the United States. Serica curvata
is taken occasionally, but never in large numbers, in the sand
blow-out region in Reno County. They are found hidden beneath
the sand during the day and I have taken a very few that were
attracted to light in the early evening. Anomala ludoviciana
Schaeffer is taken but rarely in the sand hill region by sweeping
vegetation and is evidently a nocturnal flier.
Cotalpa subscribrata Wickham is a form of the beautiful gold-
smith beetle and occurs over this portion of Kansas, extending
northward into the sand hills of western Nebraska. It appears in
early May and even the first specimens may be found in April.
They continue into June. Some years it is not found at all, and
other years, during a day’s collecting, I have never taken more
than a dozen specimens. In 1913, however, it swarmed in large
numbers over the sand hill region near Medora and every clump
of willows harbored from a half dozen to a score or more.
During the day they are found clinging to the willow foliage, and
are occasionally found on cottonwood leaves, and they may be
picked up from the bare sand, many of them dead but in perfect
condition. They fly rather lazily and noisily during the day time
but their full activity is evidently developed during the early part
of the night. They were much more numerous in 1913 than any
year I have observed them during my collecting in this region and
while they were still fairly common last season it is probable that
the present season will see their almost complete disappearance.
Dascinetus trachypygus is the common species over this region
38 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
and apparently spends the day time in burrows around the edges
of damp pools. They are commonly attracted to lights at night.
During the season of 1913, the latter part of May, I had occasion
to pull some sedges from the margin of a pool just outside the
water line, as I wished to examine the roots. The plant, however,
broke off above the roots and I noticed that a hole had been
eaten through the stalk. On digging down I found that the adult
beetle had attacked the sedge and eaten a hole entirely through it.
Whether this was done for the juices would be hard to determine,
but I can think of no other reason. A larger species of this genus,
puncticollis Casey, occurs as far east as the Medora region, but in
lesser numbers than trachypygus, and is also fairly common in the
region around Dodge City and southwest.
One of the best finds made in the Medora region was in the
latter part of May, 1913, when I uncovered two specimens a ¢ and
2, of Strategus mormon, this being the first record of this species
in the state and I believe the first authentic record of the genus
occurring in Kansas. The holes made by this beetle are very
distinct from those made by Phaneus carnifex or difformis, as
they are fully twice the diameter. ‘The two specimens of Strategus
were found three or four hundred yards apart, their burrows
extending almost vertically into the sand, deflecting less than 15
degrees. Each had penetrated to a depth of about 12 inches into
the moist sand. None was taken last season, but during the
coming seasons the dunes will be thoroughly inspected for addi-
tional specimens of this species.
In the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society dated
December 19th, 1879, pp. 400-401, Dr. Geo, H. Horn described
Euryomia (Euphoria) aestuosa from a unique 9 presented to him
by Dr. S. V. Summers of the U. S. Army, the specimen having
been taken in Kansas. During my long years of collecting in
this state I have always kept a close lookout for this species but
without success until May, 1913, when a single specimen was
taken from the sand hill region near Medora. I recognized it at
once as the long sought species and find that the specimen, which
is evidently a 4, compares very closely with Dr. Horn’s description
except in the color of the thorax. In my specimen this is entirely
April, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 39
black while in the original description it is said to have a large
median piceous space. The difference in sex, however, may
reasonably account for the difference in color. In his remarks on
the species, Dr. Horn says: “It is probable that the color will
vary from this unique.” In the original description he says “In
the unique @ before me the club of the antenna nearly equals the
stem.” In my specimen the club of the antenna is longer than
the stem.
Cremastochilus nitens is found almost every season during the
hottest part of the day flying rarely over the sand dunes but more
commonly found early in the morning buried in the sand under
sticks or other objects. They are not difficult to capture in the
cooler parts of the day but during the warmer parts they must
be picked up quickly when they alight on the sand, or a net thrown
over them, as they sit quietly only a short time after alighting
before they again take flight.
The strikingly colored Cerambycid, Cyllene decorus is found
sparingly the latter part of summer on the golden rod blossoms.
As the yellow is so closely matched to that of the goldenrod and
the body is frequently covered with pollen they are not readily
distinguished and frequently escape detection.
The rank grasses growing over the low places at the bottom of
the blow-outs furnish food to various species of Sphenophorus.
Among those taken over this region may be mentioned the de-
structive species maidis and destructor Chittenden, that feed upon
the growing corn, the larve eating in the center of the plant above
the root and frequently dwarfing or killing the plant. So far as
I have observed, however, these have not yet occurred in sufficient
numbers to damage seriously the growing fields of corn.
The season of 1913 was one of the dryest and hottest ever
recorded in this state. From the middle of May until well along
into September very little rain fell and the temperature frequently
went up to 108 or 112 degrees. The bare sand hills became in-
tensely hot on the surface to the destruction of all forms of
insect life. Collecting that season showed that the insect fauna
decreased 50 to 75 per cent. Where in ordinary seasons numerous
species of small forms could be uncovered by turning over vege-
40 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
tation and debris, this season they had almost entirely disappeared.
During the latter part of May I found on the north slope of a
sand dune, many specimens of a dead Sphenophorus. They had
apparently lit in swarms on the sand and a large proportion had
been overcome by heat before they could rise in flight, as many of
them still had their wings protruded. They appeared to be differ-
ent from my Kansas Sphenophorus and specimens sent to H. C.
Fall of Pasadena, California, brought the reply that after com-
paring the specimens with his entire list, he thought it might be
saltauit Chittenden, basing his determination on Chittenden’s
recently published description of this species. Specimens were
sent to Mr. Chittenden who confirmed Dr. Fall’s identification.
This species was described from specimens taken from the Rocky
Mountain region, but the finding of it in Central Kansas shows
that it covers a wide range of territory and undoubtedly in certain
seasons it may become quite destructive to plant life.
An important part of the work of The State College of Forestry at
Syracuse is that obtained at the end of the Sophomore year in the Sum-
mer Camp. At this camp, which lasts throughout the summer, the stu-
dents receive practical instruction, not only in forestry in the more
restricted sense but also in the allied sciences such as Botany, Zoology and
Entomology.
The entomology work consists largely of field work—the observation,
note taking, and collecting of insects found in the forests, especial atten-
tion being paid to those which have either a beneficial or injurious effect
upon the forest. In other words the attempt is made to study the insect
not as dead and dried specimens but as active forces affecting the produc-
tion and maintainance of the forest.
The field work is necessarily supplemented by a certain amount of labo-
ratory study and each student is required to collect and submit a small col-
lection of forest insects.
The College also maintains each year in the Adirondacks a summer
camp for popular forest instruction which is open to anyone above the
age of sixteen. This furnishes an excellent outing at a very moderate
cost and offers an excellent opportunity for any entomologist to spend a
month in the North Woods in collecting and observing Adirondack forms.
April, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 41
we
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY.
The regular meeting was held at 185 Brooklyn Ave., November 12, 1914,
with president Davis, thirteen members and five visitors present, the latter
including Dr. W. T. M. Forbes, Chas. Scott, a member of the Society
thirty years ago, and Dr. Vitor, well known from the monthly records
he has prepared for many years of the birds visiting Prospect Park.
Harrison Tietz, 249 Johnson Ave., Richmond Hill, was unanimously
elected an active member.
Mr. Weeks showed a live Cychrus elevatus taken from his cellar in
Yaphank, Nov. 12, and reported Leucania unipuncta flying in the warm
evening of November 11. He also spoke of turning up nests of the
yellow jacket, probably Vespa vulgaris, in his fall ploughing. Some of
these nests were placed on the ground under inverted pails. The busy
wasps lost no time in digging in the soil and reburying their nests.
Mr. Dow spoke of the new Museum and the active societies of young
naturalists in Los Angeles, Cal., and asked members to bring to the next
meeting pupz and cocoons of our familiar Lepidoptera for the encourage-
ment and experimental efforts of our Pacific Coast friends.
Mr. Torre-Bueno exhibited a box containing the eleven species of
Veliinz found east of the Mississippi River, one still with manuscript
name. Six of the species are in our local fauna. A synoptical table of
the three genera and all the species is to be published.
Mr. Dow read a paper entitled: The Five Thousand Dollar Butterfly.
It spoke of the popular idea existing for at least a century throughout
Europe and this country that there is at least one butterfly which any one
might catch and for which some collector is anxiously waiting and willing
to pay $5,000. A few years ago a newspaper published a story that the
United States National Museum had paid $20,000 for a single fly. The
myth of the $5,000 butterfly was printed less than a year ago in a magazine
devoted to general science. For twenty years reports have been frequently
published that an English collector was willing to pay $1,000 to $5,000 for
a particular species of flea supposed to inhabit the fur of the arctic fox.
Such stories have made endless trouble for all the large museums, since
many thousands of persons have called or written claiming $5,000 for some
specimen, generally not worth five cents. A flea new to science, taken
from some very rare animal, might fetch $5, if the purchasing collector
happened to be in particularly good humor. In former years unique but-
terflies have fetched $1,000 and even more, but their total can be counted
on one’s fingers. Nowadays it is doubtful whether a hundred specimens
a year can be taken in this country which would fetch $5 a piece. Only
an expert could detect such a one. For the untrained, or even the average
collector, there is little cash market, not enough to make the effort really
worth while. One of our best known professional collectors wrote not
long ago that he could barely average $5 a week, the year round.
42 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
Nevertheless any collector of insects can add not a little to his income
by selling, not rare specimens, but common things taken in large lots,
suitable for biological study, especially in colleges. The giant water bugs,
Belostoma or Benacus, always fetch a good price considering that if one
sees a swarm at electric light a quart pail could be filled with then in
half an hour. The plexippus butterfly is the type for study in the schools
of many states and the dealers handle tens of thousands each year.
Pupz and cocoons are always in some demand.
‘It is pleasant, but not profitable, reading that the type of the beetle,
Amblychila cylindriformis, fetched $300, and the second specimen $50. It
can now be bought for 50 cents. The first two Sphinx franckii captured
were bought for not less than $300 each, but they have since been bred
in numbers.
Prolonged discussion followed, especially of reminiscences by Messrs.
Franck and Doll. A Scotchman is said to have paid $2,000 for a Drurya
antimachus, when this remarkable species from Africa was almost un-
known. He willed this specimen to the famous Strecker. Rothschild is
said to have paid $1,500 for his first specimen. Since the world has grown
smaller they have sold as low as $7 each. Neumogen is said to have paid
$700 for a single specimen of some butterfly. Rothschild paid $2,000 for
the Meyer collection, its only great rarity being the Actias Jehovah which
Strecker described and afterwards wrote at great length defending his
choice of a name. A New Jersey collector had two aberrant Papilio, one
turnus, the other troilus. The first dealer applied to bid $5 for the pair.
Another dealer, one of our members, secured them for $20. One fetched
from the ultimate collector $350, the other $200. A big price would joy-
ously be paid for a Vanessa antiopa, if provably caught on British soil.
Caught elsewhere it is not worth a cent. One species has become extinct
in modern times, a little Chrisophanes, the English haunt of which has been
drained. Big prices have been recorded for historic specimens, types from
which the masters described well-known species.
The regular meeting was held December 10, with President Davis in the
chair, and twelve other members present.
Mr. Weeks reported a specimen of Xylorictes satyrus, alive and kicking
November 20. Mr. Frank read a paper on the experiences of his last
winter in Florida. It covered his southward progress from Chattanooga,
Tenn., to St. Petersburg, Fla. It spoke of the difficulty of collecting,
avoiding rattlesnakes, of the daily catch with a diary of weather and
captures each day, of the species taken singly or in vast abundance and of
a thousand and one details impossible to enumerate until his whole record
may be printed—R. P. Dow, Recording Secretary.
OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA
WANTED.—Pupe of Papilio ajax and rutulus. Ward’s Natural Sci-
ence Establishment, 84 College Ave. Rochester, N. Y.
All kinds of Chrysalids, Cocoons, and Pupz wanted in exchange for
North American lepidoptera. Address: Herman H. Brehme, 74 Thirteenth
Ave., Newark, N. J.
Florida Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells,
and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla.
WANTED.—No. Am. Cerambycide and Buprestide, especially Agrilus;
will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above
families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass.
The undersigned will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey
species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey—Harry B. Weiss, 272
Hale St., New Brunswick, N. J. ~
Offer wanted for two cabinets, one of 24 book-form boxes, the other
of 20 drawers; includes about 1,800 fine specimens, butterfly boxes, spread-
ing boards, etc. Write to G. Wm. Reinecker, 66 Nelson Ave, Jersey ~
City, N. J. :
The collection of the late G. W. Kirkaldy has come into my hands.
From his letters to me it would appear that there is loaned material con-
tained therein. If the lenders will communicate with me, I shall return
such of this loaned material as may still be in existence. J. R. de la Torre-
Bueno, 14 Dusenbury Place, White Plains, N. Y.
WANTED.—Transactions American Entomological Society, vol. IV.;
Entomological News, vol. II., nos. 6 and 10, or the whole volume.—Howard
L. Clark, Box 1142, Providence, R. I.
Fine specimens of the large Mantis, Paratenodera sinensis, collected
at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., offered in exchange for North Ameri-
can Lepidoptera—Philip Laurent, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.
I shall be prepared to raise pupe during the season of 1915 in exchange
for exotic Lepidoptera. Wish to hear from those interested quantity and
species they desire—H. S. Gladwin, Madison, N. J.
Shall spend summer vacation in mountains of southern California and
will collect in any order for exchange for Lepidoptera. Write Clifford
Grant, 5335 Tenth Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.
I collect for cash local Insects in all Orders. Printed price list of
nearly 1,000 species Coleoptera in Henshaw Nos. A. H. Manee, Southern
Pines, N. C.
New Jersey Entomological Company
- HERMAN H. BREHME, Manager
Dealers in Insects of all Orders. Lepidoptera, Cocoons and Pupe. Life
Histories. Cocoons and Pupae bought. Entomological Supplies, Insect
Pins, Cork, Riker Specimen Mounts, Nets, Spreading Boards, Boxes, ete.
74 THIRTEENTH AVENUE, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY
R. STAUDINGER & A. BANG-HAAS, Dresden-Blasewitz,
in their new Price List No. LVII. for 1914 (116 pag.), offer
more than 20,000 Species of well named Lepidoptera, set or in
papers, from all parts of the world, in finest condition ; 2,600
kinds of prepared larvae, etc. Separate price lists for Coleoptera
(30,000 species, 208 pag.), for Hymenoptera (3,600 species), Dip-
tera (2,900), Hemiptera (2,500), Orthoptera (1,200), Neuroptera
(630), Biological Objects (300). Discount for cash orders. Prices
low. We sell no more living pupe. Extraordinarily cheap cen-
turtes and lots (List gratis). Fine species at very low prices.
Lots sent for selection.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY:
Sent postpaid on receipt of price by A. C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park
Place, Brooklyn. European Agent, W. Junk, Sachsischerstr. 68, Berlin,
W. I5.
THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomol-
ogy, by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by the Kny-Scheerer Co.,
404-410 West 27th St., N. Y. City, and Ward’s Natural Science Establish-
ment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
Cloth’ botind 3.00.02 Sass elsewhere 2.00
BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
Vols. 1, 2 and 3 are out of print and will be bought at $1.50 each.
Vols.-4:to 7 for sale at. per! woli;s nin uos he deena ea nae Oe 1.25
Volume 8 of the, Bulletin tor sale ats -sn 460) eee eee 1.40
Volume 9 of the Bulletin: tor salecati. hone e) i) oe teers Seca Ores 1.00
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 each 2.00
PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vol. 1 and 4, each ........ 2.00
Vols. 2 and 3 wanted.
SCHAUPP, Synopsis of the Cicindelide, 5 col. plates ........... 1.00
OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera ........ .50
UHLER,;, Checklist of the: Hemiptera 2f2.05.0c:u een eee 25
Odd numbers of missing volumes of Papilio and Bulletin wanted at
full prices.
THE BROOKLYN
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first
Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at 185
Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00.
OFFICERS, 1915
President
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
Vice-President
W. T. BATHER
Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
Recording Secretary
J. R. pe ra TORRE-BUENO
Treasurer
C. E. OLSEN
Librarian
A. C. WEEKS
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences
CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society
Published in
October, ace: February, April and June of each year
Subscription price, domestic, $1.00 per year; foreign $1.25,
in advance; single copies 25 cents. Advertising rates on applica-
tion. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to ento-
mologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if
ordered in advance of publication, additional at cost. Address
subscriptions and all communications to
R. P. DOW, Editor,
15 Broad Street, New York City.
Ward’s Natural Science Establishment,
84-102 College Ave. ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Entomological supplies of every description, including the
only genuine hand made
Schmitt Insect Boxes, and the well known
American Entomological Company Insect Pins.
Our supply catalogue No. 30 will be sent free on application.
Entomological Specimens of all orders from every part of the
world.
Life Histories of Insects of Economic Importance and others; _
_ Type or systematic collections of Insects from Boreal America; —
Collections of beneficial and injurious insects; Collections of —
Household, Garden, Orchard, Shade Tree and Forest Pests; also %
illustrating Mimicry and Protective Coloration, and Dimorphism. —
bay
_ If interested write for the following circulars:
116 Biological Material for Dissection,
125 Life Histories of Economic Insects,
128 List of Living Pupae, if
129 Exotic Lepidoptera, ah
130 North American Lepidoptera, aM
131 Exotic Coleoptera, . Re
132. North American Coleoptera, sae
143 Type Collections, also Collections ilbustwakeied i:
beneficial and injurious insects, different pests, Mimicry a
and Protective coloration, and Dimorphism, i
Our complete Insect catalogue and list of publications will Ae
be sent on receipt of 25 cents.
~ Vol. X JUNE, 1915 No. 3
SS ee ee
Seats —— a =e a
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
oe SOCIETY
ge
_
—
ee ee
= EE a
— os
ee a oe
en 3
a i se
=
NEW SERIES
Se
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
ne Chairman
9. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW;
Advertising Manager Editor
ey Published by the Society
on
i Price, 25 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
iN
Haye
CONTENTS.
TYPES OF FITCH’S MEMBRACIDA, Funkhouser .............. 45
NEUROPTERA FROM THE UNITED STATES, Navas ....... aac.
SWEET SINGERS OF PALLAS ATHENE, Dow ................ 54
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SO CTI IY 00s CBRE AES DAG Dae SE ie lees CAS: ee 60
TELL) REAM 5 sci clash ee varar ones lav toe ieee leas chal aceeeee epheae ane Raat te iene nn 61
NEW SPECIES OF RHEUMATOBATES, Bergroth ............. 62
TWO NEW NA. DIPTERA: Malloch | veces sa. ene nisl ele 64
Agni fi, 5
Fle \ att ORG
BUGLE TIN Qo eee
OF THE Ay oa
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY ~
VoL. X JULY, 1915 No. 3
TYPES OF FITCH’S SPECIES OF MEMBRACIDZA.
By W. D. FUNKHOUSER.
(Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University.)
Eighteen species of North American Membracide were de-
scribed by Dr. Asa Fitch, of which six have been reduced to
synonymy by later students. Of the remaining twelve species,
seven have been placed in other genera than those designated by
the author while the other five stand as described. Sixteen of
these species were described in the Fourth Annual Report of the
Regents of the University of the State of New York on the
State Cabinet of Natural History, Albany, February 22, 1851,
under the title “ Catalogue with References and Descriptions of
the Insects Collected and Arranged for the State Cabinet of
Natural History. By Asa Fitch, M.D.” The other two were
described in the Third Report of the Insects of New York in the
Transactions of the Agricultural Society in 1856.
On account of the fact that in recent years a large number of
new forms of the species of the family have been described, and
because some of these must be compared with Fitch’s types before
their validity can be established, it is of much importance that the
type specimens of Fitch’s species be located if possible.
After the Fitch collection had been broken up and parts sold
to various collectors, the balance was purchased by the U. S.
National Museum and is now a part of the collection at that
institution. The specimens are numbered and the numbers cor-
respond to those in Dr. Fitch’s notebooks. Two of these note-
books (of the families Psyllide and Aphidide) are now in the
National Museum. Parts of the Fitch collection, on the other
45
— eee ee ee es ee Le ee ee eee oe eee ee
46 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
hand, are still in the New York State Museum at Albany, the
specimens bearing likewise the original labels and numbers of
Dr. Fitch. In the case of the family Membracide there are
specimens of the same species collected and determined by Dr.
Fitch in both the National Museum and in the N. Y. State
Museum and there seems to be some dispute as to the validity of
the types in both museums.
In 1893 Dr. F. W. Goding published in the Canadian Ento-
mologist (Vol. XXV, No. 7, 171-172 pp., No. 8, 196 p.) under
the title “ Fitch’s Types of N. A. Membracide” a review of
those specimens in the collection at Washington which he con-
sidered as the types. It happens, however, that specimens of
most of these same species, also from Fitch material, are in the
Albany collection where they are also considered as types, and
some of these differ materially from the specimens studied by
Dr. Goding.
Through the courtesy of Dr. J. C. Crawford and Mr. Otto
Heidemann, of the National Museum, and of Dr. E. P. Felt, of
the New York State Museum, I have been permitted to examine
the specimens under discussion in both museums and have care-
fully compared both sets of material with the original descriptions
of Dr. Fitch. Dr. Felt and Mr. Heidemann have both also very
kindly furnished me with considerable data on the subject which
tends to show that the material in the National Museum is not
all type material and that the location of the type specimens has
not been hitherto established.
The specimens found in the two collections with their respec-
tive numbers are as follows:
Specimen Number
Species Albany. Washington,
SHINO GUSLOTIE Chane OOO O10 moan 4978
SWUNG CWICTER oShaccascgcns50r 672, 673 6931
SHUHO GUC scncr00c00000ce 674, 675
Smilia auriculata ............ 676 875
Cyrtosia fewestrata 2.....---. 678 6234
Telamona unicolor ........... 684 1800
Telamona fasciata ........... 685 14,496
Telamona Comcaud Wes. see: 686 2133
LPACKROWG YOCR xoccvaasccnn000 687 9844
LM OME UASHS soonccocvecce 689 102
Lelomong CORMM saccrecccescc _ 690
June,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 47
MElGMOHG? QUEKCL <5. 0 ve ee 691, 692 3109
Telamona rechivata .......... 693 5979
ERC CTINCOU esos o olcec ccs 607 4416
linagopu dorsalis... ......2.- 698, 699 133, 138, 139, 3659
WROGIPUUS COTY] ous. cet cee 700, 701
Ceres TAUFING «2. le. eae es a 'n's 3668
GEFESG, OTEVICOTMMS 2.06. cece 1875
Students of the family will at once note that the first sixteen
of the species numbered in the Albany collection bear numbers
which correspond exactly with those given to the specimens of
the species described in the Fourth Report.
Dr. Fitch unfortunately did not always designate type speci-
mens as such. Mr. Heidemann quotes Mr. E. A. Schwarz, who
purchased a part of the Fitch collection years ago, as stating that
those specimens which carry a number in red ink and marked
with a red line across the label are the true types. This method
of designation, however, does not appear to have been followed
in the collection of Homopterous insects, and from other material
of Fitch’s which has been examined it appears that this type of
label was occasionally used for specimens clearly not type. On
the same subject Dr. Felt has kindly allowed me to quote from
a letter dated December 18, 1900, from Dr. Fitch’s daughter,
Mrs. M. F. Andrews, of Marshalltown, Iowa, as follows:
“T do not think Father ever used the word ‘type,’ but a character in-
stead, or [T]. I know there were some of his types in the collections .. .
and also that some of them were destroyed... .”
Also under date of January I1, 1901:
“The numbers refer to a registry and description in a manuscript cata-
logue. Small insects were attached to triangles of paper, on pins, with
numbers beneath. . .. The capital [T] of course was for type.”
The type label as above described has, likewise, not been found
on any of the insects examined.
The specimens in the National Museum bear various labels of
which one in each instance bears a number in red ink presumably
written by Dr. Fitch himself and evidently referring to his notes.
The other labels, according to Mr. Heidemann, were written by
the late Dr. Ashmead who endeavored to designate Fitch's types
from the original descriptions and entered these names in the
type book of the National Museum. Only two of these speci-
48 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
mens bear the large, well-known Fitch label written in his own
handwriting. These are Nos. 4416 (Thelia crategi) and 875
(Theha auriculata). None are marked in any way which would
suggest that they were considered as types by the author, and
the specimens differ in many respects from the original de-
scriptions.
The specimens in the New York State Museum, on the other
hand, are in a special case which bears the following label printed
by pen by Dr. Lintner and subsequently acknowledged as his
own to Dr. Felt:
HOMOPTERA.
Arranged by Dr. Fitch in 1850; Transferred to this Case in 1870.
Contains 54 species and 5 subspecies of Types of Dr.. Fitch.
See, Fourthekeport oreNy Ye Staten Cabs Neveies ppsrie—oo:
The insects in this box have evidently been prepared for a special
exhibit and are carefully labeled by means of printed strips above
the pins and printed specimen labels with names and numbers on
the pins. The family names are on green paper, the generic
names on orange and the specific names on white. The specimen
label bears two lines, the first containing the popular name in
plain type and the second the scientific name in italics. Each
specimen bears also a printed number which corresponds to that
in the Fourth Report. It was at first thought that these labels
might have been cut from the pages of the original publication
but comparison proves that this is not the case. The type is of a
different font and the arrangement of words is not identical.
Regarding this point Dr. Felt has kindly furnished me with an
excerpt from a letter from Dr. Fitch dated January 31, 1850, and
addressed to a dear friend, Dr. George F. Horton, as follows:
“Christmas eve .. found me in Albany, putting up a suite of specimens
of our Homopterous insects, (the old Linnean genera Cicada, Fulgora,
Tettigoma and Aphis) for the State Cabinet of Natural History. Of
these I have gathered and made out 130 species, embracing 300 sexual and
other varieties. Oh but one short week ago I was very busy, very tired,
and very, very anxious to finish my job and get back to my own quiet,
comfortable home. And Christmas day was anything but a holiday to me;
and I felt like uttering maledictions upon the printers, because they would
not work enough that day to finish my labels.”
This excerpt clearly refers to the list of Homoptera prepared for
es
June, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 49
the State Cabinet of Natural History and apparently indicates
that he had the special labels printed for that collection.
The above described case in the Albany Museum not only con-
tains the species of Membracide noted in the original publica-
tion and no others, but the number of specimens, male and female,
of each, is identical with those mentioned in that publication and
the numbers correspond exactly with those of the descriptions.
It would appear, therefore, that the authenticity of these speci-
mens would seem to be established beyond reasonable question.
Still more important, however, is the fact that these specimens
agree upon examination with the original descriptions to such an
extent as to remove any doubt as to their being the identical in-
sects which the author had before him. I believe that this is
proven conclusively by the fact that certain odd specimens, e. g.,
No. 671 (p. 49, Fourth: Report), No. 673 (idem), No. 675
(idem), designated in the original published description as varie-
ties or subspecies on account of peculiar markings, show these
peculiarities exactly as described. This would seem to prove
that the type specimens of the sixteen species described in the
Fourth Report are those in the New York State Collection.
The only specimens of the other two species—Ceresa brevi-
cornis and Ceresa taurina—known to be from the Fitch collec-
tion appear to be those numbered 1875 and 3668 respectively in
the U. S. National Museum. These may or may not be type
specimens. The original descriptions of both are very meager,
that of the latter being merely a comparison with C. bubalus
Fabr., and being credited to Harris (Cat. Mass.). Since, how-
ever, these two specimens represent the only ones from the Fitch
material which are available for study they may well be designated
as types for purposes of comparison.
The following list is therefore offered as a designation of the
type specimens with the synonymy indicated:
In New York State MuSsEuM.
SIM MEDSIOME EL we sa ciei8 os cies o 5.0'e No. 669, Atymna castanee.
ENP MEN CE =. wos. Eee oo es No. 672, Atymna querct.
Smila guttata Subsp...........- No. 674, Smilia camelus Fabr.
Smilha auriculata .....50..0eeeees No. 676, Archasia galeata Fabr.
Cyrioswm fenestraid .....-......-- No. 678, Cyrtolobus fenestratus.
Telamona umcolor ...........-- No. 684.
50 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
Thelamona fOSGlaba wane eae No. 685. Telamona unicolor.
Telamona concava ...........--- No. 686.
TClOMONG {AGU peciiae see No. 687, Heliria scalaris Fairm.
elanvonairystiss eee eee eee No. 689.
thelammon@ Cori ssae eee ee eels No. 690, Telamona tristis.
Rela mOonaiQuerch anneal oe No. 691,
Telamona reclivata ............. No. 693.
MN CUGNGLOLCGUE EEE eee aoe No. 697, Glossonotus crategi.
TACO DOME OSOIS Eerie No. 698, Micrutalis dorsalis.
Ororiphws GANCe Pree ek No. 700, Microcentrus carye.
Entilia sinuata torva subsp. ...... No. 647, Entylia sinuata Fabr.
In U. S. Natronat Museum.
Geresaniaunnamnn cee aoe eon No. 3668
Ceresa brevicornts ........+.-..- No. 1875
SOME NEUROPTERA FROM THE UNITED STATES.
By Rev. FatHEr Loncrnos NavAs, S.]J.,
Zaragoza, Spain.
All the Neuroptera here recorded were sent to me by my
friend, Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, White Plains, N. Y.
Family LIBELLULIDZAL.
near Boston.
young examples.
. Libellula vibrans Fab. var. incesta Hag.
. Libellula lydia Drury. White Plains, N. Y.
. Libellula luctuosa Burm. One male from Waban, Mass.,
Waban.
Two
4. Celithemis eponina Drury. Waban.
5. Erythemis simplicicolis Say. Waban.
6
. Nannothemis bella Uhler. Yaphank, L. I., July 4, 1913.
Family AASCHNID/E.
1906.
Gomphus exilis Sel. Waban; Great Notch, N. J., May 30,
Family AGRIONIDA.
July 4, 1909.
. Agrion maculatum Beauv.
Lakehurst; N: J.,.©. Ex @lsems
Enallagma hageni Walsh. Waban.
—
rv
June, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 51
Family MYRMELEONIDA.
10. Hesperoleon abdominalis Say. Van Cortlandt Park, N. Y.,
Point Pleasant, N. J., July 26, 1905.
11. Hesperoleon placidus sp. nov. (Fig. 1.)
Similis blando Hag.
6. Caput flavidum; facie linea longitudinali prope oculos et
alia transversa pone antennas, fuscis, vertice tuberculis punc-
tisque fuscis; oculis fuscis; palpis pallidis, apice fuscescentibus ;
Fic. 1. Hesperoleon placidus § Nav. Head and prothorax. (Col. m.)
antennis fortibus, sensim in clavam dilatatis, fuscis, apice arti-
culorum anguste flavido, clava inferne flavida.
Prothorax latior quam longior, antrorsum leviter angustatus,
inferne flavidus, superne flavidus, duplici fascia longitudinali cen-
trali, in medio anteriore maculam elongatam liberante; striola
param definita in medio posteriore inter fasciam et marginem
lateralem, fuscis. Meso- et metanotum flava, 4 lineis longi-
tudinalibus fuscis. Pectus flavum, fusco striatum, vel potius
fuscum, flavo maculatum.
Abdomen dense pilosum, inferne fuscum, superne flavidum,
linea longitudinali media angusta et alia laterali, fuscis; cercis
cylindricis, apice obtusis, segmento precedenti longitudine aequali-
bus, fusco pilosis, testaceis, externe fuscis.
Ale hyaline, acute, reticulatione subtota fusca, albido varia,
stigmate albido; area apicali serie venularum gradatarum in-
structa.
Ala anterior area apicali venulis gradatis partim in duas series
positis, area radiali 4-5 venulis internis; sectore radii 9 ramis;
stigmate puncto fusco interno, atomo fusco ad rhegma et ad
anastomosim rami obliqui cubiti; atomis minutis fuscis ad axillas
furcularum marginalium; area postcubitali longa, basi biareolata.
Ala posterior impunctata; area radiali 3 venulis internis;
sectore radii 10 ramis; area postcubitali longa, simplici.
i) Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. X
Long. corp. ¢' 26 mm., al. ant. 22, post. 21, cerc. 2 mm.
Patria: Pt. Pleasant, N; J., July 25. Wes. Bueno: (Galeone
12. Hesperoleon nivatensis. sp. nov. (Fig. 2).
Similis feroct Walk. minor.
J caput facie testacea, fronte picea, nitida, superne pone anten-
nas testacea, pilis griseis; vertice testaceo, linea transversa antica
atra nitida et alia postica nigra, medio subinterrupta; oculis
fuscis; palpis maxillaribus nigris, ad articulationes testaceis,
labialibus paulo longioribus, testaceis, articulo ultimo fusiformi,
inflato, piceo, apice acuminato, antennis fuscis, clava parum
dilatata, inferne medio testacea, capiti ac thoraci longitudine
subzequali.
Prothorax transversus, pilis brevibus, griseis, testaceus, linea
longitudinali media in duas longitudinaliter divisa et alia laterali
Fic. 2. Hesperoleon nivatensis 6 Navas. a. End of abdomen, above. Db.
Same from side. c. Basal part of the forewing. (Col. m.)
inter ipsam et marginem lateralem fuscis. Meso- et metanotum
testacea, fusco longitudinaliter striata. Pectus fuscum, testaceo
lineatum. .
Abdomen ala posteriore longius, fuscum, albido breviter pilo-
sum, superne segmentis 3-5 linea laterali longitudinali testacea ;
cercis (Fig. 2, a, b) fortibus, ultimo segmento abdominis paulo
longioribus, cylindricis, leviter arcuatis, in quarto apicali extror-
June, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 53
sum arcuatis, in parte interna hujus portionis denticulatis, externe
totis longiter fusco pilosis, externe fuscis, interne testaceis.
Pedes testacei, apice tibiarum et articulorum tarsorum fusco,
femoribus anticis superne, intermediis superne et inferne (lateral-
iter testaceis) posticis subtotis fuscis; tibiis posticis inferne
fuscis; calcaribus testaceis, anterioribus duos primos tarsorum
articulos haud aequantibus, posterioribus primum superantibus.
Ale hyaline, subobtusz, margine externo vix sub apicem con-
cavo; stigmate pallido, interne fusco limitato; reticulatione sub-
tota fusca, pallido modice varia, latius ad procubitum; area
apicali lata, serie venularum gradatarum dotata; linea plicata
anteriore distincta.
Ala anterior (Fig. 2, c) aliquot venulis ad insertionem in
radium et cubitum fusco limbatis; item stria ante apicali et
axillis furcularum marginalium fuscis; area radiali 4 venulis in-
ternis, ultima cellula divisa; sectore radii 9 ramis; area cubitali
interna medio biareolata, postcubitali basi biareolata, seu venulis
gradatis instructa.
Ala posterior, area radiali 2 venulis internis ; sectore radii 9-10
ramis; area postcubitali simplici.
Long. corp. ¢ 30 mm., al. ant. 27 mm.; al. post. 24 mm.
Pai. verineton, Nev; VII. 5, Lyon Co., alt. 5,000 feet:
Pee Bavumpercer (Cols m.).
13. Neleon gen. nov.
Antenne clava manifesta, insertione haud proximae, distantes
plus latitudine primi articuli.
Prothorax transversus.
Abdomen cercis haud exertis.
Calcaria primo articulo tarsorum breviora aut vix longiora.
Ale plerumque anguste, acute cellulis plerisque rectangulari-
bus; linea plicata pone sectorem radii haud distincta ; area costali
angusta, simplici, apicali lata, serie venularum gradatarum in-
structa; area radiali pluribus venulis internis.
Ala anterior area apicali duplici serie venularum gradatarum ;
ramo accessorio seu linea plicata pone cubitum illique parallelo
indicata.
Cetera ut in Myrmeleone L. restr.
As type of this new genus I select the species MW. immaculatus
54
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
De G., from the United States (not M. occidentalis Currie).
Under the same genus I place M. pictifrons Gerst. from Au-
stralia, M. crudelis Walk. from North America, and others.
14
15.
16.
WA
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
DR.
24.
Family HEMEROBIIDA.
. Hemerobius humuli L. White Plains, Mosholu, N. Y.;
Westfield, N. J.
Micromus posticus Walk. White Plains, Staten Island,
Forest Park, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Psectra diptera Burm. White Plains.
Bamily, CEHRY SOPID 22.
Chrysopa ngricorms Burm. Forest Park, Waban.
Chrysopa harris Fitch. Van Cortlandt Park.
Chrysopa chi. Fitch. Forest Park, Westfield, Mosholu,
Waban.
Family PSOCIDAS.
Psocus striatus Walk. Mosholu, Sept. 13, White Plains.
Psocus variabilis Aaron. White Plains, July 9, August 13,
TQTO.
Polypsocus abruptus Hagen. Mosholu, Oct. 18, 1902. I
prefer the name abruptus to the corruptus, as usually
printed.
Peripsocus alboguttatus Dalm. White Plains, Aug. 15, 1909.
It is entirely like the examples from Europe. I have not
seen the record of this species from the United States.
Peripsocus subpupillatus MacLachl. White Plains, July 4,
T9090. Also, I think, the first record irom the Wnimed
States.
March II, 1015.
THE SWEET SINGERS OF PALLAS ATHENE.
By R. P. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y.
“Even upon the spear of Athene, with her beautiful helmet, you may
see me, Tettix, seated, for as much as we are beloved by the Muses so
much do we love Pallas, the virgin, who first gave a prize for melody.”
If the buzzing of the bee was music to the Greek of old, who
loved beauty of sound no less than beauty of form, most glorious
Tiree 1a eet
June, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 55
was the melody of the insect mentioned by almost every classic
writer and known as the Tettix. Its song raised it to a place in
the constellations, took it under the special protection of the
Muses, seated it on the thrones of Pallas and Phoebus Apollo.
Yet in almost every English translation this name is rendered as
“grasshopper.” The word is one of the many attempts at imita-
tion in letters of a natural sound. A close English analogy is
tattler, prattler. The Romans called the insect Cicada, with the
same attempt at sound imitation, the c doubtless pronounced like
the soft ch of chirp. The direct English congener of this is
chatter. The Greek word describing its song is lalageei. Note
the repeated syllable. When the amorous Horace sings of his
Greek ‘slave, his words» are: “Oh, my heart; my Cicada
chatterbox.”
“The song of the Tettix,” says the oldest Greek poet, “all
orators should copy.” Theocritus cries in rapture to his sweet-
heart: “Love, thou singest more sweetly than the Tettix.”
Latreille, the great French naturalist of a century ago, calls it
tibicen, the flute player. Vergil declared that its sound annoyed
his ears most horribly. A modern writer on natural history
likens it to the noise of a stick drawn rapidly along a picket fence.
Homer speaks of the Dogfly leading Ares,—this of the Tettix
in the stars. When Sirius is in ascendant, Tettix sings loudest
and best. It is the same here and now. The shrill song of the
cicada is best in the dog days. When it is heard in the morning
we know a long hot day is ahead.
Among the few golden ornaments recovered from ancient times
are a number of figures of the Cicada. These were called by the
Greeks Chrysotettix. The Athenian ladies, who wore them as
ornaments in their hair, observed the myth that before mankind
arrived in Greece the Tettix was the original inhabitant, the
autocthone. Hence the wearers of the Chrysotettix were mem-
bers of the oldest families. In imperial Rome the custom was
adopted for families whose genealogy went back to the glory of
free citizenship under the republic. Woe to the upstart, the
nouveau riche, who might wrongfully don one. Were the symbol
56 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. X
used in America, it might well be claimed by somebody like the
Descendants of the Mayflower.
In the Anthology it is declared that Phoebus loved the Tettix
and gave it a shrill song. “Old age does not wear it down, the
clever one, earth born, song loving, without suffering, having
flesh without blood, nearly equal to the Gods.” It will also be
observed that the Tettix required no food except the dew. Even
the natural historian of Greece asserts that it eats nothing else.
The earliest clear mention is in Hesiod, the farmer poet of
perhaps 800 B. C.: “ When the dusky songster, Tettix, perched
upon a green bough, begins to sing of summer for man,—Tettix,
whose meat and drink is the life-giving dew,—both all day long
and in the morning pours his voice in the fiercest heat.” At-
tributed to Anacreon, about 550 B. C., is this: “We deem you,
Tettix, happy, because, having drunk, like a king, a little dew
you lalage on the tops of trees, for whatever you see in the fields
and whatever the seasons produce is yours, O little friend to the
land tillers, you that harmest none.” Meleager says: “ Thou
voiced Tettex, drunk with drops of dew, singest of the Muse,
thou that livest in the country and prattles in the desert, and
sitting with thy serrated legs on the tops of petals gives out
melody from thy dusky skin.” Theocritus, muse of the Sicilian
shepherds, “the Tettix vexes the reapers.” “The Tettix watches
the shepherds from the tree tops.” Still again: “the fire-colored
Tettix on the shady branches toils at chirping.” Poetic license.
No Tettix is fire-colored and none seems to toil at singing.
Even the beloved of the Gods may not be free from sorrow.
The Tettix protests, through the Anthology: “ Why, shepherds,
do you shamelessly drag me, Tettix, captured from dewy boughs,
lover of solitude, roadside songster of the nymphs, chirping
shrilly in the mid-day heat on the mountains?”’ Theocritus again:
“the buzzing Sphex against the Tettix,” having watched, no
doubt, the wasps stinging the Cicada and dragging it to paralyzed
life imprisonment until the young wasps might grow to maturity
by inflicting the most cruel of deaths on its live food. Evenus,
about 400 B. C., protests to the nightingale who has seized a
Cicada, bearing it to its unfledged birdlings: “It is not right that
June, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 57
a songster should perish in the mouth of one devoted to song.”
Another poet came to the rescue, then sang: “A spider, having
woven its thin web with slim feet, caught a Tettix in the intricate
net. Seeing, I did not run by, for I heard its lament from its
fetters, and I freed it, saying: ‘Go free, sweet singer.’” A little
girl in Sicily, long before the days of Roman greatness, lost her
pets. Anyte, the poetess, sang of it: “ For a locust, the nightin-
gale of the ploughed fields, and for a Tettix, who sleeps in the
oak tree, did Myro make a common tomb, after the child had
dropped a maiden tear, for Hades, hard to be persuaded, had gone
away, taking her two playthings.” A later writer commemorates
the same sad event: “ For a Locust and a Tettix Myro placed this
monument, throwing on both a little dust with her hands, and
weeping at the funeral pyre; for Hades carried off the male, and
Proserpine the other.” Boys will be boys, and Tettix sings a
death song: “ No longer shall I delight myself by singing from
my quick moving wings; for I have fallen into the savage hands
of a boy, who seized me cautionless, as I was sitting under the
green leaves.” The worst fate of all is thus recorded by Aris-
totle himself in his Natural History, 330 B. C.: “The female
Tettix deposits her eggs in fields or in the reeds used to support
the grapevines, piercing the bark. The young are washed into
the earth and are common in rainy weather. The maggot under-
ground becomes a Tettigometra, and they are tastiest before they
emerge from the larval skin. The Tettigometra emerge by night,
burst their envelope and become Tettix. When first hatched
the males are sweetest to the taste but after sexual intercourse the
females are best for they are full of white ova.” Oh, favorite
of the Gods, who serves to fill the Attic belly! Galen, Father of
Medicine, prescribes a Tettix. mixed with an equal amount of
pepper as a cure for colic.
Solinus, the Roman, about 260 A. D., in his Polyhistor, notices
that the Cicadas of Rhegium have no song, and Granius, his
friend, tells him the reason. It seems that Hercules lived near
Rhegium and that the Cicadas disturbed his sleep. Had this God
of muscle been the Greek Herakles, they would have lulled him
to sweet dreams, but he was the Roman God and the insects
58 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
jarred his ears, as they did those of Vergil. So Hercules con-
demned to perpetual dumbness all the Cicadas which entered his
bailiwick.
Turn back to the Iliad, not less than 1,000 B. C.: “Just as the
scorched grasshopper flees from the burning field.” This word,
Acris, means sharp, angular, spindling. Once upon a time
Aurora herself fell in love with with a handsome mortal, by name
Tithonus. Then at her prayer did Zeus himself bestow upon
him immortality. But the chief of the great Gods laughed in
his sleeve. He purposely omitted the factor of immortal youth.
Mayhaps in his wisdom he realized that love tires of immortality.
_Tithonus grew into the lean and slippered pantaloon whose skinny
thighs afforded a too apt simile. Kindly Zeus transformed him
into a grasshopper. Thus Acris is the metaphor for spindle
shanks, its femur the scrawny thigh of the wizened old man.
Aristophanes has plenty to say about the ravages by the Acris
of the cultivated fields. That they were voracious eaters of
plant life was a familiar everyday fact. In return, however, the
Greeks made use of them. Fried grasshoppers were a standard
summertime dish, and they were pickled for the winter. John
the Baptist, living five years in the wilderness, subsisted on
Acris* and wild honey. The passage is almost wholly misunder-
stood. The anthrene, the wild bee, deposits only a morsel of
honey. As for the grasshopper, did you ever try to catch them
without a net? The idea is that John lived a life of such priva-
tion that the day was rare when he got a satisfactory dinner.
Socrates, quoted by Plato, on the last day of his life says of
the Acris that no man has seen them eat. Before the Muses
were born, they were men who delighted so much in their own
singing that they forgot to eat and finally starved. The Muses
turned them all into grasshoppers. Thereafter they ate nothing
but the dew, serving the Muses, praising their song and bringing
to them information of the sweet singers among mortal humanity.
Apparently Socrates, than whom, the Delphic oracle declared,
* Of all the attempts to explain the New Testament none is more lament- .
able than that to interpret “locust” as the fruit of a leguminous tree
known as St. John’s Bread.
June, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 59
there was no wiser man, failed to comprehend the distinction be-
tween the voracious grasshoppers and the Tettix. _
Our Theocritus, he himself of the sweet Tettix tongue, tells
considerable about the Acris and the little wicker cages made to
keep them as household pets. Maybe here poetic license is the
death of scientific accuracy. Throughout the Mediterranean
lands to-day the people make these cages for the crickets, which
sing sweetly and bring good luck. They live in captivity many
months. Did Theocritus balk at the word Attelabus, which fits
illy into his pastoral meter, or did they keep Tettix, cricket and
grasshopper alike in wicker cages, loving the song of all three?
Meleager, in the Anthology, says clearly enough: “Oh, cricket,
soother of slumber, who dispels my regrets, muse of the ploughed |
fields, beating your vocal wings with your feet, I shall feed you
everblooming leeks and cut up drops of dew.” Here is an exact
picture of the cricket in its wicker cage.
The etymology of this word, attelabus, is uncertain. To con-
nect it with the Greek exclamation “atetai,” thus making the
word mean singer of sorrow, is good poetry, for the cricket song
is never gay and careless, but telling rather of the long night
watches, tinged with sadness, perhaps. Herodotus is the first to
use the word. It has an oriental look, and it might be one of
several that Herodotus brought home from Egypt. On the other
hand the termination of Sanscrit words meaning animals is very
frequently bha. Compare Carabha, Greek Karabus, English, or
rather scientific Latin, Carabus. Compare also the Zend word
for wasps “ Derbices,” root something like Darbha. If it were a
Sanscrit word, one must look for its original in something like
“attelabha,’ but no such word has ever appeared in Sanscrit
literature.
Acridion, or as Latinized, Acridium, is, of course, a little grass-
hopper, and the word is one of the many translated by Linné into
modern scientific language. The most that can be said about it is
the plaint of Theocritus: ‘Oh, Acridion, do not, I pray you, leap
over my fence and spoil my young vines.”
60 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society — Vol. X
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY.
(To date from this issue of the BULLETIN, only the scientific portion of
the Minutes of the Meetings of the Society will be published. Members
wishing to be advised of the affairs of the Society, may, if they so desire,
address the Secretary, who will furnish them with the facts; or better,
may learn them at first hand by being present at the regular meetings. )
Meeting of January 14, 1915: This being the annual meeting, the fol-
lowing were chosen officers of the Society for the year 1915: President,
Wm. T. Davis; vice-president, W. T. Bather; treasurer, Chris. E. Olsen;
recording secretary, J. R. de la Torre Bueno; corresponding secretary,
R. P. Dow; librarian, A. C. Weeks; curator, George Franck; publication
committee, Messrs. Schaeffer, Dow and Bueno.
The following appointments were made: Delegate to the Scientific Al-
liance, Mr. Chas. E. Sleight; Auditing Committee, Messrs. Bather and
Erhardt; Field Committee, Messrs. Pasch and Schott.
The presidential address was on Dendrotettix quercus, now recorded
from Yaphank, L. I.
Long Island records: Mr. Nicolay recorded the following coleoptera:
Pityobius anguinus, Elaphrus clairvillei, and Buprestis lineata, all from
Yaphank and Bellport; Buprestis lineata, from Bellport; Elaphrus fuligi-
nosus, Brooklyn; Horistonotus curiatus, Wading River.
Miscellaneous records in coleoptera: By Mr. Nicolay, Elaphrus cicatri-
cosus, Monmouth, Me.; £. clairvillei, Wales, Me.; Sandalus niger, Pali-
saidles, IN, J.
Lepidoptera: Alsophila pometaria was reported taken in winter with a
temperature ranging between 20 and 24 degrees.
In Heteroptera: Acantholoma denticulata Stal, was reported from West
Point, N. Y., April, taken by Col. Wirt Robinson.
The regular programme was a joint paper by Messrs. Dow and Bather
on Ateuchus sacer L., and all the curious beliefs that the ancients held
regarding it, and an account of collecting it in Italy.
Meeting of February 11: Long Island records—Mr. Shoemaker showed
a specimen of Arctia anna, black on wings, picked up on the tide line
wash up at Rockaway Beach, and also Arctia excelsa.
Mr. Davis corrected the minutes for October 15 as published and stated
he had not collected Dichromorpha brunnea Scudder on Long Island.
This insect, recorded from Texas, has not been taken locally, so far as
we know.
Mr. Bather exhibited the following insects, all from Porto Rico:
Lepidoptera: Deilephila lineata, Triptogon lugubris, Theretra tersa,
Pholus vitis, Phlegethontius rusticus, Ph.. carolina, and the rare Diludia
cubensis G. & R., all of which come into our fauna, and also the typically
tropical Perigoma restituta; Perigea tole, Melanochroia cephise, Dyaphnia
June, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 61
hyalinata, Agraulis vanille, Euptoieta hegesia, Pieris ilaire, Catopsila
eubule, Terias lisa, T. alba, Papilio polydamas, all occurring in our fauna,
others being Lycena cramus, Ecpantheria cacia and Lawron vinosa.
Coleoptera: Hydrophilus insularis and H. ater.
Orthoptera: Scapteriscus didactylus.
Heteroptera: Spartocera cinnamomea, Zelus bilobus, Edessa cordata
and Nesara viridula. All were taken in April, 1914.
Meeting of March 11: Long Island records—Lepidoptera: Pelea ver-
nalis, Halfway Hollow Hills, by Mr. Engelhardt; Euptoicta claudia,
stated by Mr. Franck to be quite common on Long Island and by Mr.
Engelhardt that it fed on pansies and emerged late in the fall. Scientific
papers: Mr. W. T. Davis on the “ Periodical Cicada in Long Island,” and
“The Fungus-Growing Ant near Smithtown,” both of which will be
printed in the BuLLeTIN.
Specimens of Limnodytes gerriphagus, a minute Proctotrypid parasitic
on Gerris eggs, together with parasitized ova, collected in Ithaca by Mr.
E. A. Richmond, were shown by Mr. Bueno.
J. R. pE LA Torre Bueno, Recording Secretary.
EDITORIAL.
Most of the subscribers to the BULLETIN recall the paper by
Mr. Dury, Vol. IX, Dec., 1914, p. 101, enumerating the beetles
taken by him under a grass pile. A bushel or two of lawn mow-
ings were dumped in a corner of a yard and a watermelon rind
dropped on the pile. It is still a fine collecting ground. It has
yielded many species hitherto unrecorded in the state.
The BuLteTIN has subscribers in every state of the Union and
every province of Canada. It is now suggested that at least one
reader in each make exactly the same sort of grass pile, bait it with
melon rind or some decaying fruit, moisten it occasionally during
the dry season, and swell his entomological collections. The
harvest will be rich in every order from Thysanura to Diptera.
The coleopterists will probably fare best of all. The catch in
any state should reach at least 125 species and may easily mount
to 200. It will include not only every fungus eater, every feeder
on decay, every beetle of prey, but will attract in the dry season
many others which are compelled to seek moisture at any cost.
Each investigator will surely take ten or more species unrecorded
62 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
from his state and a score or more new to his own collection, even
though he has been a life-long student. But for definitive results
this pile should in each case be watched for a full calendar year.
Watchfulness should be relaxed only when the ground is actually
frozen hard.
The study of distribution is now becoming of paramount im-
portance in these days of state and local lists. What would be
the benefit to science, if fifty observers adopted this search and
submitted their records to some leading coleopterist for a sym-
posium? There are plenty of masters who will undertake the
identification of doubtful species. A complete list would tell
more about distribution than any other project ever undertaken.
About twenty such grass piles have already been started. If
interested or desiring additional information, please write to the
editor of the BULLETIN.
A NEW SPECIES OF RHEUMATOBATES BERGR. (HEM.,
GERRIDZ).
By E. BeErcrotH.
In my revision of this remarkable genus* four species were
described, two of which were known from the Atlantic coast
region of the U. S. (New York State to District of Columbia),
one from the island of Grenada (Lesser Antilles), and one (a
new species) from the Caribbean coast of Guatemala. Thus no
species had been found far from the sea, but since that time Mr.
W. J. Gerhard, of Chicago, has sent me specimens of Fh. Rileyi
Bergr. taken by him in Palos Park, Illinois. 1 think the want of
further records of the genus from the interior parts of the United
States is merely due to the fact that very few American entomol-
ogists (like those of Europe, alas!) taken an interest in the insects
of this order. My friend de la Torre Bueno has submitted to
my examination numerous specimens of a Rheuwmatobates which
proves to be undescribed, and as the descriptions in my revision
are detailed, and specimens of the two other North American
* Ohio Naturalist, VIII, pp. 376-382 (1908).
June, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 63
species are in the hands of all the few American hemipterists,
it will be sufficient to state little more than the points in which
the new species differs from the others.
Rheumatobates trulliger n. sp. Color as in Rh. tenuipes
Mein., the pale lozenge-shaped spot to the mesonotum of the
apterous form being narrower than the pale spot of the pronotum,
and the yellow mesosternum being marked with two longitudinal
black bands. Mesonotum of the apterous form in both sexes
somewhat broader than long.
Male: The spongy fossa of the third antennal joint occupying
somewhat less than the apical half of the joint, being distinctly
longer than in Rh. Rileyi, but shorter than in Rh. tenuipes; fourth
antennal joint somewhat shorter than third, being conspicuously
longer than in Rh. Rileyi, but a little shorter than in Rh. tenuipes,
its spine placed in the basal half, but nearer to the middle than
to the base.
differences.
Rh. trulliger:
Middle femora perfectly straight,
hairless from the base to near the
apex, where there are a few hairs
on the inner margin.
Middle tibie fringed with long
straight hairs on the inner side
from the base to beyond the middle,
then with short straight hairs.
The curved hind femora scarcely
or slightly thicker in the middle
than at base and apex, with very
short and tiny hairs along the
whole inner margin.
Hind tibiz on the outer side be-
tween the middle and the apex with
a distinct spine and the apex filled
with a very thick tuft of rather
long hairs.
Legs much as in Rh. Rileyi, but with the following
Rh. Rileyt:
Middle femora a little curved,
fringed with long hairs along the
whole inner margin, the longest
hairs being in the middle.
Middle tibize fringed with short
hooked hairs on the inner side
from the base to near the middle,
slightly more than the apical half
hairless.
The curved hind femora conspicu-
ously incrassated in the middle, the
inner margin of their basal third
densely fringed with rather long
hairs.
Hind tibiz on the outer side be-
tween the middle and the apex with
a minute (sometimes indistinct)
tubercle, the space between the tu-
bercle and the apex with very short
hairs, not forming a tuft.
Female: At oncé distinguished from the female of Rh. Rileyi
by the black-banded mesosternum, but extremely similar to that
64 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. X
sex of Rh. tenuipes, from which it differs solely by having the
mesonotum a little broader in proportion to its length.
Bainbridge, Georgia (J. C. Bradley).
In the color and venation of the hemelytra the winged form of
Rh. trulliger does not differ from the two other North American
species.
The species occurred at Bainbridge in society with Rh. tenuipes,
but no specimens of Ith. Rileyi were found at that locality.
For the following reasons I think it almost certain that Fh.
trulliger also occurs near Washington, D. C. Since several years
the title-page of the Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington is ornamented
with a figure of a macropterous Rheumatobates supposed to
represent Rh. Riley. It seems to me that the drawer of this
figure has had specimens of both Rh. Rileyi and trulliger before
him. The whole middle legs and the hind femora in that figure
are taken from Rileyi, but the hind tibie from a specimen of
trulliger. J dare say that no specimen of Riley with hind tibiz
like those of said figure can be found in any collection.
TWO NEW NORTH AMERICAN DIPTERA.
BY jpeke Marr oceenUroanma lille
The types of the two species described herewith are deposited
in the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, Ill.
Borborus scriptus, n. sp. Male: Deep black. Head shining,
the frons with a velvety black M-shaped mark on the central
stripe, on either side of the triangle and the stripes which bear
the serial cruciate setulz ; upper half of cheeks glossy, the lower
half with whitish pruinescence. Mesonotum shining, the disc
with slight brownish pruinescence; scutellum concolorous with
disc ; pleurze highly glossy except on upper and posterior margins.
Abdomen subopaque, the surface with slight brownish pruines-
cence. Legs black, the bases of fore tibiz and their tarsi yellow-
ish. Wings milky white, costal vein yellow, the other veins
vitreous. Squameze white. Halteres yellowish white. Hairs and
bristles black.
June, 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 65
Frons distinctly more than half the width of head; orbits
broad, anterior orbital bristle slightly weaker than the upper,
both outwardly directed, orbital hairs weak ; cruciate setulae weak
but rather numerous; antennz of moderate size, arista slender,
not longer than width of frons; cheek over half as high as eye,
the latter slightly longer than high. Mesonotum with four very
weak pairs of dorso-centrals which are hardly distinguishable
from the setulz which are in the same longitudinal lines ; between
the dorso-central rows there are two rows of acrostichals, which
are as strong as the setulz of the two dorso-central rows ; between
the dorso-central rows and the lateral row there is a somewhat
irregular row of setule; scutellum short and broad, rounded
posteriorly, 4 marginal bristles present ; sternopleural bristles very
weak. Abdomen very short and broad, second segment much
elongated, the others short; dorsum of second segment almost
glabrous, the other segments with short surface hairs and distinct
setulose hairs apically on lateral margins ; hypopygium large, and
projecting on ventral surface. Legs stout and rather long, their
surfaces with numerous, moderately long, soft hairs; mid and
hind tibize with preapical bristle, the latter with a distinguishable
bristle near middle of the anterior surface; hind tibia with a
short but distinct apical thorn; basal joint of hind tarsus much
swollen, subequal in length with the slightly swollen second joint ;
empodia large, fringed. Wings broad; second costal division two
and a half times as long as first; veins 3 and 4 slightly conver-
gent apically, the last two sections of fourth vein subequal in
length; inner cross-vein slightly over one third from base of
discal cell; outer cross-vein over one half of its own length from
end of fifth vein; sixth vein incomplete.
Length 2, mm.
Type locality, St. Joseph, Ill., May 17, 1914 (J. R. Malloch).
This species is closely allied to B. lacteipennis Malloch, but
may be separated from it by the color of the frons, the absence
.of the series of long hairs from the hind tibiz of the male, and
the different venation.
Aphiocheta bisetulata, n. sp. Female: Yellow. Ocellar
region blackened, antennze and palpi pale yellow; arista brown.
66 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
Thorax reddish yellow on disc; pleurz pale yellow ; a black spot
below wing-base and another on posterior surface of mid coxa.
First abdominal segment entirely yellow, the others with a dull
black spot on each side at anterior angles, and indications of a
central row of paler spots. Legs yellow, apices of hind femora
blackened. Wings slightly grayish, veins blackish brown. All
hairs and bristles black. Halteres yellow.
Frons slightly broader than long, central furrow poorly de-
fined; one pair of strong post-antennals; central pair of bristles
in first row distinctly below the level of outer pair and much
closer to the latter than to the post-antennais, though not in
_ vertical line with the outer pair; second row almost straight;
surface of frons with numerous short hairs ; antennz moderate in
size, third joint rounded; arista very slender, bare, about one and
a half times as long as width of frons; palpi larger than antenne,
strongly bristled; cheek with one long downwardly directed
bristle and a series of about eight weaker bristles which increase
in length from posterior to anterior end of series. Mesopleura
bare; scutellum with four bristles. Abdomen broad at base,
tapering to apex; segments subequal, without conspicuous
bristles. Fore tarsus slender; hind femora dilated; hind tibiz
with the setule regularly arranged, thirteen in the series, only the
apical one stronger than the others. Wings with costa to middle;
first division one and a third times as long as 2+ 3; second
division twice as long as third; angle at fork of third vein acute,
its base about midway from apex of second vein to apex of first;
fourth vein gently arcuate at base, leaving distinctly beyond
fork of third, fringe of moderate length, rather close.
emery 2 acetate
Type locality, Urbana, Ill., June 14, 1914 (E. H. Swigert).
Allied to A. fisheri Malloch and inequalis Malloch, from both of
which the presence of only one pair of post-antennals separates it
readily.
OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA
WANTED.—Pupz of Papilio ajax and rutulus. Ward’s Natural Sci-
ence Establishment, 84 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
All kinds of Chrysalids, Cocoons, and Pupe wanted in exchange for
North American lepidoptera. Address: Herman H. Brehme, 74 Thirteenth
Ave., Newark, N. J.
Florida Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells,
and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla.
WANTED.—No. Am. Cerambycide and Buprestide, especially Agrilus ;
will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above
families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass.
The undersigned will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey
species not listed ine Smith’s Insects of New Jersey.—Harry B. Weiss, 242
Raritan Ave., New Brunswick, N. J.
The collection of the late G. W. Kirkaldy has come into my hands.
From his letters to me it would appear that there is loaned material con-
tained therein. If the lenders will communicate with me, I shall return
such of this loaned material as may still be in existence. J. R. de la Torre-
Bueno, 14 Dusenbury Place, White Plains, N. Y.
WANTED—Transactions American Entomological Society, vol. IV.;
Entomological News, vol. II., nos. 6 and 10, or the whole volume.—Howard
L. Clark, Box 1142, Providence, R. I.
Fine specimens of the large Mantis, Paratenodera sinensis, collected
at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., offered in exchange for North Ameri-
can Lepidoptera—Philip Laurent, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.
I shall be prepared to raise pupe during the season of I915 in exchange
for exotic Lepidoptera. Wish to hear from those interested quantity and
species they desire—H. S. Gladwin, Madison, N. J.
Shall spend summer vacation in mountains of southern California and
will collect in any order for exchange for Lepidoptera. Write Clifford
Grant, 5335 Tenth Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.
I collect for cash local Insects in all Orders. Printed price list of
nearly 1,000 species Coleoptera in Henshaw Nos. A. H. Manee, Southern
iPimes, NC;
- WANTED.—North American Orthoptera from localities which are little
known or in which but little collecting has been done. Material from the
mountainous regions of the West particularly desired. M. Hebard, Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.
R. STAUDINGER & A. BANG-HAAS, Dresden-Blasewitz,
in their new Price List No. LVII. for 1914 (116 pag.), offer
more than 20,000 Species of well named Lepidoptera, set-or in
papers, from all parts of the world, in finest condition ; 1,600
kinds of prepared larvae, etc. Separate price lists for Coleoptera
(30,000 species, 208 pag.), for Hymenoptera (3,600 species), Dip-
tera (2,900), Hemiptera (2,500), Orthoptera (1,200), Neuroptera
(630), Biological Objects (300). Discount for cash orders. Prices
low. We sell no more living pupe. Extraordinarily cheap cen-
turies and lots (List gratis). Fine species at very low prices.
Lots sent for selection.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SO CIE:
Sent postpaid on receipt of price by A. C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park
Place, Brooklyn. European Agent, W. Junk, Sachsischerstr. 68, Berlin,
We, mS.
THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomol-
ogy, by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by Ward’s Natural Science
Establishment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y., and other dealers.
Cloth Domi e258 Oe a, Ge 2.00
Copies: bound with interleaves! for additions 2----..4---.-264-seeee 2.50
BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
Vols. I, 2 and 3 are out of print and will be bought at $1.50 each.
Vols. 4*to 7 forusale at iper vol. Si.05 ste rene ee eee panies
WMolume Svof the Biulletinstor salematesesees eet eee eee 1.40
Volumeonok thes Biailletinestots islets ieee eee ener ee 1.00
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 each 2.00
PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vol. 1 and 4, each 7....-. 2.00
Vols. 2 and 3 wanted.
SCHAUPP,, Synopsis*of the (Cicindelide,.5 "col! plates! ... seen 1.00
OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera ........ .50
UHLER,. Checklist of the) Elemiptera a. 4. oe ee eee eee eee 25
Odd numbers of missing volumes of Papilio and Bulletin wanted at
full prices.
alias
THE BROOKLYN !
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first
Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at 185
Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00.
OFFICERS, 1915
President
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
Vice-President
W. T. BATHER
Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
Recording Secretary
J. R. p—E ra TORRE-BUENO
Treasurer
C. E. OLSEN
Librarian
A. C. WEEKS
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences
CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society
Published in
October, December, February, April and June of each year
Subscription price, domestic, $1.00 per year; foreign $1.25,
_ in advance; single copies 25 cents. Advertising rates on applica-
tion. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to ento-
_ mologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if
ordered in advance of publication, additional at cost. Address
ee
—_
subscriptions and all communications to
R. P. DOW, Editor,
15 Broad Street, New York City.
Ward’s Natural Science Establishes
84-102 College Ave. ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Entomological supplies of every description, including the
only genuine hand made
Schmitt Insect Boxes, and the well known
American Entomological Company Insect Pins.
Our supply catalogue No. 30 will be sent free on application." —
Entomological Specimens of all orders from every part of the
world.
Life Histories of Insects of Economic Importance and others;
Type or systematic collections of Insects from Boreal America;
Collections of beneficial and injurious insects; Collections of
Household, Garden, Orchard, Shade Tree and Forest Pests; also
illustrating Mimicry and Protective Coloration, and Dimorphism.
If interested write for the following circulars:
116 Biological Material for Dissection,
125 Life Histories of Economic Insects,
128 List of Living Pupae,
129. Exotic Lepidoptera,
130 North American Lepidoptera,
131 Exetie Coleoptera,
132 North American Coleoptera,
143 Type Collections, also Collections illustrating
beneficial and injurious insects, different pests, Mimicry
and Protective coloration, and Dimorphism.
Our complete Insect catalogue and list of publications will
be sent on receipt of 25 cents.
va =. so
Se SSeS
NV
i. Vol, x. OCTOBER, 1915 No. 4.
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL.
SOCIETY
NEW SERIES
( ” Mey Be isu,
+ 4 ;
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
Chairman
j. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW,
Advertising Manager Editor
Published by the Society
Price, 25 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
CONTENTS
BIRS TE LINSEGES IN THE: WORED: Dow: iiss, cercs- 6 ccee eeeee 69
GALL MIDGES OF THE PINE, Felt ........... UU SER eae 74
TWO NEW SPECIES OF LIOTHRIPS, Hood ............ amen 76
LONG ISLAND COLLECTING NOTES, Davis ...............-% :.. 80
NOTES ON COLEOPTERA, Easton, Dow, Grinnell, Knaus ....... 82
OBITUARY: nT URNER BRAKE DRE Ya or cli eres oie 84
AN UNDESCRIBED SAPROMYZID, Malloch ................00% 85
Ps ee > ee
. =e
<9:
a aes <
BULLETIN ~Steuus
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Mor; X. OCTOBER, 1915 No. 4
THE FIRST INSECTS IN THE WORLD.
By R. P. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y.
During the first zons of human progress mankind was too
busy with the struggle for existence to study the insects. Men
did not find time to consider one differentiable from any other
animal, except in size. It remained for Aristotle, the greatest of
the Greek philosophers, about 330 B. C., to observe a distinction
and name the class. His word entomos means an animal with
two insectations, dividing the whole into head, chest and abdomen.
This definition fails to exclude worms, arachnida, scorpions, sea
creatures, etc. But, it must be remembered that Latreille and
other great modern masters confounded insects and crustaceans.
The Latin word insectum is a direct translation of the Aristotelian
term without other significance.
Nevertheless the harm or aid to humanity given by the insect
world must have been recognized in a primitive period. Less
than 150 years ago there was restored to the European scholarship
the mass of literature of the Zend and Sanscrit languages, both
antedating all others known. The Zend Avesta, the Revelation
of Ahura-Mazda, creator of light and goodness to Zoroaster, the
purest minded man of that region in that time has a date.
Aristotle states that Zoroaster lived 6,000 years before Plato. It
is safe to accept this date without much reserve, for Plato, above
all Greek philosophers, treasured ancient lore, recalling even the
lost continent of Atlantis, the days when Egypt, old in scholar-
ship, taught infant Greece, when Zeus was a human youth on
Olympus.
The first Fargard of the Avesta, the narrative of Zoroaster
himself, describes the revelation of Ormazd, the classic Persian
69
70 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
maybe several thousand years earlier, claimed that they were the
form of the name of Ahura-Mazda. When he created an element
of good, the Daeva (or devil), Ahrimainyus (or Ahriman, of
classic Persian) created its counterpart in evil. For the blame-
less land came that of sin and evil, and then in turn for each
creation of good, Ahriman countered with death, a serpent, the
winter and a wasp whose sting is very death to the cattle and the
fields.* All the insects created later were by Ahriman, and in-
clude the flies, which by contact with the dead pollute every living
thing, scattering filth by the anus; the locust, the accused; the
winged gnats of evil; the louse, the unclean and afflicter of man-
kind ; the scorpion; the ants, of two species, those which steal the
_ barley grains, and those (especially attending the winged Daevas )
burrowing vast holes in the earth.
The narrative of Zoroaster mentions no place but can only be
located in what is now Persia. It deals with stirring times, when
the races of Iran were engaged in titanic conflict with the races of
Tura, a division of original stocks of humanity which has re-
mained primary for the subsequent 8,000 years. It came when
evilization was far from young, when iron was in ordinary use
as weapons, when armor of gold and silver was used, when
property rights were respected, when many rich men were spoken
of in the general terms as owning 1,000 domesticated Bactrian
camels, 1,000 horses, 1,000 cattle and 10,000 sheep. A wild fauna
had names, and probably a hundred animals are specifically men-
tioned. Of them all the wasp is the first.
This fabled origin explains the superstition held throughout
ancient Egypt that the sting of the wasp was fatal to cattle. It
also throws light ‘on the belief prevalent in Greece, and mentioned
by Herodotus, that human life became unsupportable to the north-
ward of the Black Sea on account of the vast number of wasps.
* The translation is that of 1854, under the auspices of the East India
Co. The translation by James Darmstatter reads: “Thereupon Angra
Mainya countercreated the locust which brings death unto cattle and
plants.” The translation by Sir Henry Rawlinson is more vague—“an
insect.” The interpretation of the word in question is a matter for the
consideration of the various Avesta societies. If locust were the correct
translation, a totally different word would not have been employed in the
same brief Fargard for what appears later as locust.
= Sens
Oct., 1015 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society ia!
In a later fargard of the Avesta it explained that when the Daevas
of Ahriman flew away for refuge to the cold lands they took
their wasps with them. They retired to the territory extending
west indefinitely from the Caspian. In classic Persian there are
many enumerations of tribes of Iran and Turan, most of which
take the name of some animal. Flattering names like Lion,
Tiger, Swift Horses, etc., generally belong to some tribe of Iran.
Those of Turan include the Hyrcani, wolves; Make or Myki,
either flies or ants; and the Derbices, literally “wasp.” The
races of Turan controlled the northern world. The nomadic
race of the wasps of Turan* forbade Greek invasion north of
the Black Sea.
The evidence of philology supports in another way the Avestic
view of the primitive existence of the wasp. The Avesta does
not mention the honey bee, although that creature was common to
the people of Sanscrit at the beginning of their literature. Sphex,
vespa, wespe, guépe, wasp, are the same word known long before
Greeks, Romans, Germans, French and Angles parted to become
separate races. There is no common word for honey bee. It 1s
variously melitta, apis, abeille, bee, representing new ideas in each
land where it was named. Even the word for honey coincides
only in Greek, meli, and Latin, mel. Honey was known, how-
ever, and inferentially the bee, before the Babel of tongues and
separation of races. Its first known use was to be mixed with
water, fermented and used as a drink. The Rig-Vedas are con-
ceded to be the oldest form of Sanscrit language. This work
mentions the honey-colored (or suffused) cloud, dropping its
pellucid rain. A little later it speaks directly : “the honey-seek-
ing bee praises thee, Indra (God of the favoring rain).” The
word for honey is madhu. The word soon reappears in a meta-
phorical sense. The God of purification, Agni, from which is
thought to come the Latin ignis (fire, since purification comes
* Tf the tribe of Derbices, meaning wasps, were to be considered by itself,
such an interpretation would be impossible. The Derbices held their
ground and were mentioned by Pliny as a distinct tribe near the Jaxartes
River. Nevertheless, there is no impossibility or even improbability that
the Greek idea of the wasps north of the Black Sea was based on the same
or allied tribe of Turanians.
72 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
largely through fire) conquers and slays Madhu, the personifica-
tion of earthly desire, earthly pleasure. Notice that the symbol
of earthly pleasure is not sweet taste, but rather alcoholic.
In Greek, from Homer downward there appears a word methu,
which the Lexicons agreé in translating as “wine.” If this were
correct it would be superfluous, as oinos—vinum=—wine, fer-
mented grape juice, was known to Noah and every one who came
after him. The methu is always associated with an adjective,
either hadus, ancestor of the English sweet or glykeron, which
we retain as glycerine or glucose, both meaning sweet. Methu
is a sweet drink, and it gave an intoxication of greater intensity,
which the Greeks called methe.* In all the medizval tongues of
north Europe there is a word mead, meaning honey and water
fermented, which became almost twice as alcoholic as grape juice.
Take the common English adjective mad. Ten centuries ago it
was spelled gemad, 7. ¢., an obsolete preterit, having become in a
state of meadness, or having reached the quarrelsome stage of
drunkenness. To get drunk on fermented honey is a practice
known since early Sanscrit. The knowledge of honey drink
indicates a knowledge of the honey bee.
This practice antedates Iran. That it was unknown to the
Irans of Persia ptits one on the horns of a simple dilemma.
Either the civilization of Zoroastrian times was earlier that the
Sanscrit, or Iran civilization in India had progressed much
farther at the same period. The honey bee is the safest criterion
of all in estimating the age of peoples and languages.
The Lama of the Kalmuck Tartars (date most uncertain) states
that mankind lived in a sort of Eden sinlessly for 80,000 years.
They then discovered a plant the juice of which was “sweeter
than honey.” This brought into the world sin, sorrow and
suffering, which seem to be the inevitable concomitant of tasting
the sweets forbidden by the Gods. Assuredly the apple proferred
* Note the word amethyst used to describe one of the semiprecious
stones. It is the alpha privative and methe. To promote its sale the lapi-
daries “pushed” the idea that if one used for his honey drink (which the
Romans loved under many names, but most often as Hydromel, water
honey) a cup cut from amethyst, he could be free from the bestial stage
of drunkenness.
Oct.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 73
by the serpent to Eve was a sweet apple. The most ancient Veda
is one series of prayer to the two great Gods to accept the offered
libations of Soma juice. This was expressed from the stem of
a herb and when drunk produced great exhilaration of mind.
In other words the garden of Eden among all peoples was lost
by indulgence in alcoholic drink. Modern scholars have at-
tempted to identify the soma with the juice of a milkweed,
Asclepias acida. There are ten thousand lines of verse devoted
to the single remark that the devotee hopes the God will distend
his stomach to contain more of the excitant drink. One wonders
why it is no longer made.
If the Tartar phrase, “sweeter than honey’
terpolation or mistranslation, it would indicate that the honey bee
was known to Turan before, at least, Persian Iran. The insect,
not mentioned in the Avesta, was a domesticated animal in China
from the earliest known time. The Scythians, a Turanic race
who were at the mouth of the Danube as early as 1500 B. C.,
oldest people in the world. Their diet, says Herodotus, was milk
and honey. There had arisen a doubt in Egypt whether the
Egyptians were, as they had believed, the oldest people. The
Egyptians argued that life teems at the equator, secondly their
rich soil could support humanity, while the barren hillsides could
not. To this the upland Phrygians, Scythian race, replied that if
the land rose out of the sea, they on the mountains were certainly
older than the Nile dwellers on alluvial mud only a few feet above
sea level. Then, again, if the earth was once a molten mass and
had cooled for ages to the point of supporting life, the cold lands
of Scythia must be far older and prior in development of organic
life. The Phrygians seem to have had the better of the argu-
ment. Psammaticus, Pharaoh of Egypt, capitulated and acknowl-
edged Turan as the older land. The honey bee was domesticated
in Turan and a drink sweeter than honey started Turan on a
world migration.
bf
is not a later in-
74 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
THE GALL MIDGES OF THE PINE.
BY EO Pe hper eal banyan Ne ay.
The gall midge fauna of the pine has received comparatively
little attention, though it deserves careful study, since several
species are of economic importance. The object of this brief
sketch is to summarize what is known concerning these forms and
especially to call attention to the more promising lines of study.
The best known of the pine midges is Cecidomyia resinicola
O. S., now placed in the genus Retinodiplosis, together with at
least three other species, namely, R. resinicoloides Wlms., R.
inopis O. S., and an undescribed species, R. palustris. These
four species have very similar habits, the larve of three at least
moving about freely in resin which has recently exuded from
wounds and probably rasping the living tissues and thus pro-
moting, if not causing copious exudations. Small, unthrifty
hard pines, Pinus rigida, on the sand plains near Albany fre-
quently bear a number of resin masses inhabited by the larvee of
R. resinicola O. S., while others showing perceptible, though easily
overlooked enlargements of the twigs and smaller branches, may
be badly infested and seriously stunted by the larve of FR. inopis
O. S., a species which is primarily subcortical in habit and one
which further study may show is more injurious than the better
known R. resinicola. The larve of the western R. resimicoloides
Wms. inhabits pitch masses on the Monterey pine, Pinus radiata,
the colonies being most frequently associated with wounds and, in
the estimation of the describer, not the primary cause of the
exudation. The larve of the southern R. palustris occur in
resin masses on the long-leaved pine, Pinus palustris. We have
no data as to the importance of this species. All of the larve
referable to this genus have the posterior extremity bilobed, the
tips of the lobes being fuscous, heavily chitinized, and strongly
spined, an adaptation which permits the larva to extend its anal
spiracles, located in these lobes, through the surface of the viscous
resin it inhabits.
The rock pine, Pinus scopulorum, is subject to attack by a midge
Oct.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 75
which produces greatly enlarged buds and the consequent destruc-
tion of the terminal growth. Two midges have been reared from
these deformities, namely, Contarinia coloradensis Felt and
Dicrodiplosis gillettet Felt, the former probably being the true
producer of the gall. Parasitic infestation is so common that
although we have attempted to rear a series of adults from
several excellent collections of galls, we are still uncertain as to
the identity of the true producer.
Pine needles are frequently aborted and, in some cases at least,
a subglobose swelling is formed at the base of the needle cluster.
Two species are credited with this work in the eastern states,
namely, Cecidomyia brachypteroides O. S. and Cecidomyia pim-
rigid@ Pack., though as yet the identity of the true producer has
not been ascertained. These two names stand on an uncertain
basis, at least so far as the habits of the species are concerned.
Two species have been reared from such deformities in this
country, the best known being the western Cecidomyia, now
Thecodiplosis piniradiate Snow and Mills. This gall midge pro-
duces a shortening of the needles and basal swelling on the
Monterey pine, Pinus radiata, though it has also been recorded
from several other pines and is occasionally so abundant as to
seriously stunt infested trees. Another midge, Janetiella colora--
densis Felt, was reared by Prof. E. Bethel from oval basal swell-.
ings of the needles of Pinus edulis. There are no data at hand as:
to the economic standing of this species. The important point in;
this connection is that the eastern species producing globose basal!
swellings of the needles have not been reared, though under cer~
tain conditions one at least is known to be abundant and some-
what injurious. i
The dead and dyihg wood of pine affords sustenance to several
gall midges, none of which can be considered as of much economic
importance. Monardia lignivora Felt was reared from fungus-.
affected heartwood of Pinus rigida collected in North Carolina,
while M. pinicorticis Felt was obtained from Scolytid galleries in
pine. The same is also true of Cecidomyia hopkinsi Felt.. Win-
nertzia pinicorticis Felt has been reared from the bark, presum-
ably dying, of Pinus inops.
76 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
There is no record of gall midges inhabiting pine seeds or
cones, though it would not be surprising if such were discovered
in the near future, since Dasyneura canadensis Felt has been
reared from the seeds of spruce.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF LIOTHRIPS (THYSANOPTERA).
By J. Doucias Hoop, U. S. Biological Survey.
Both species described below are from eastern United States,
and are made known in a preliminary way at this time in order
that the name of one of them—an exclusive feeder on chestnut—
may be used in connection with the study of the chestnut blight
disease. Part of the material from which this species is described
was kindly transmitted for determination by Dr. A. D. Hopkins,
forest entomologist of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
Liothrips castanez sp. nov. (The Chestnut Leaf Thrips.)
Female (macropterous)—Length about 1.7 mm. Color dark blackish
brown or black; antennal segments 3 and 4 and base of 5, yellow; fore
‘wings with brown median streak in basal half.
Head about 1.2 times as long as wide, broadest slightly behind eyes,
‘cheeks gently arched, slightly convergent posteriorly; vertex roundly
‘produced in front of eyes, the anterior ocellus overhanging the insertion
of antenne; dorsal and lateral surfaces deeply and closely roughened with
transverse lines and set with several short spines; postocular bristles nearly
as long as eyes, blunt but not expanded at apex. Eyes nearly one third as
long as head, not protruding. Posterior ocelli exactly opposite the poste-
rior margin of anterior fourth of eyes. Antenne 1.9 times as long as head,
of the general form and structure common to the species of the genus;
sense cones small, formula: 3, 0-1; 4, 1-2; 5, 1-1; 6, 1-1; 7 with 1 on
dorsum near apex; color of antenne: segments I and 2 nearly concolorous
with head, 2 yellowish apically; 3 and 4 nearly clear lemon yellow, 4 some-
times very slightly infuscate apically; 5 with at least the pedicel lemon
yellow, becoming blackish brown at apex; 6-8 blackish brown, concolorous
with t and 2. Mouth cone subacute, attaining or slightly surpassing base
of posternum.
Prothorax about 0.51 as long as head and (inclusive of coxz) nearly 2.6
times as wide as median dorsal length; all bristles present, blunt but not
expanded at apex, the midlateral pair usually subequal in length to the
postoculars, the two pairs on the anterior margin subequal but slightly
Oct., 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society ss
shorter, the two pairs near the posterior angles longer and stouter; coxal
bristle about equal to anterior marginals. Pterothorax much wider than
prothorax, sides slightly arcuate. Wings long, closely fringed, of nearly
the same width throughout; fore pair with a brown median streak in basal
half and with about 14 accessory hairs; hind wings nearly clear. Fore
tarsi unarmed.
Abdomen of normal form, rather large and heavy, and wider than ptero-
thorax. Tube three fourths as long as head and about 2.3 times as long
as basal width, which is slightly more than twice the apical. Lateral
abdominal bristles scarcely pointed and blackish brown in color; terminal
bristles pointed, grayish, usually subequal in length to tube.
Measurements of holotype: Length 1.74 mm.; head, length 0.257 mm.,
width 0.214 mm.; prothorax, length 0.133 mm., width (inclusive of coxe)
0.346 mm. ; pterothorax, width 0.420 mm.; abdomen, width 0.516 mm. ; tube,
length 0.193 mm., width at base 0.085 mm., at apex 0.039 mm.
Antennal segments 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Remon (H Ny erevervee erecre «sere 51 60 80 Gi; 67 64 50 34
Watcha) (70) Sa sere Ore cieEae 38 33 33 37 36 33 27 15
Total length of antenna, 0.488 mm.
Male (macropterous).—Length about 1.6mm. Slightly smaller and more
slender than female. Upper lateral pair of bristles at apex of segment 9
of abdomen much shorter than basal width of tube, the lower lateral and
dorsal pairs of normal length.
Measurements of allotype: Length 1.608 mm.; head, length 0.246 mm.,
width 0.192 mm.; prothorax, length 0.116 mm., width (inclusive of coxe)
0.298 mm.; pterothorax, width 0.348 mm.; abdomen, width 0.384 mm.; tube,
length 0.190 mm., width at base 0.078 mm., at apex 0.032 mm.
Antennal segments I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
emo (ON verieieie Svs tose 44 54 75 fee 69 66 57 32
NViTGl Elan (LI) web icbyictarctecohecccels © 33 30 29 33 30 27, 24 Ig.
Total length of antenna, 0.469 mm.
Described from 19 females and 2 males, all taken on chestnut leaves, as
follows:
Virginia: Bluemont (type locality), July 1, 1914 (5 females), and August
31, 1913 (3 females) [J. D. Hood]; Great Falls, May 19, 1915 (3
females, I male) [W. L. McAtee].
Maryland: Odenton, July 12, 1914 (6 females, 1 male) [J. D. Hood].
Connecticut: East Hampton, May 31, 1915 (2 females) [“gg911d, Hopk.
WSs
Closely allied to umbripennis and ocellatus, but easily separated
from both by the color of the fore wings. Umbripennis, further-
more, has a much shorter tube, while ocellatus has the lateral
abdominal bristles yellow and the prothorax distinctly more than
half as long as the head.
78 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
This insect has been known to the writer for two or three
years, and has been observed in many parts of Maryland and
Virginia, always on chestnut, where it can be looked for with
invariable success on the under surface of the leaves. It is prob-
ably distinct from the sixteen or so species of Liothrips known
to occur north of Panama; but it must be said that our present
characters for the separation of species in this group leave much
to be desired, though each form appears to be restricted more or
less completely to a certain plant.
Liothrips leucogonis sp. nov.
Female (macropterous).—Length about 1.6 mm. Color dark blackish
brown or black; antennal segments 1-3 yellow, shaded slightly with gray
and brown; inner surface of all femora white at apex; fore wings with an
almost obsolete brown streak in basal third.
Head very slightly longer than wide, broadest at middle, cheeks gently
arched, slightly convergent posteriorly; vertex slightly and roundly pro-
duced in front of eyes, the anterior ocellus overhanging the insertion of
antenne; dorsal and lateral surfaces closely roughened with transverse
lines and set with several short spines; postocular bristles four-fifths as
long as eyes, blunt but not expanded at apex. Eyes slightly more than
one third as long as head, not protruding. Posterior ocelli slightly behind
anterior fourth of eyes. Antenne about 2.1 times as long as head, of the
general form and structure common to the species of the genus; sense
cones small, formula: 3, 0-1; 4, I-2*; 5, - 1"; 6, I-01; 7 with © on dorsum
near apex; color of antenne: segments 1-3 yellow, shaded slightly with
gray or brown along inner surface; 4-8 blackish brown, 7 and 8 uniformly
so, the others more or less marbled with yellowish and darkest along their
inner surface. Mouth cone rounded, about attaining base of prosternum.
Prothorax about 0.62 as long as head and (inclusive of coxe) about 2.5
times as wide as median dorsal length; all bristles present, blunt but not
expanded at apex, the two pairs on the anterior margin subequal and half
as long as the postoculars, and slightly shorter than the coxal and mid-
lateral pairs; posterior marginal pair about equal to postoculars, and decid-
edly shorter and somewhat more slender than the conspicuous posterior
angulars. Pterothorax much wider than prothorax, sides slightly arcuate,
convergent posteriorly. Wings long, closely fringed, of nearly the same
width throughout; fore pair with a very faint; brownish, median streak in
basal third, and with about 12 accessory hairs; hind wings clear. Fore
tarsi unarmed.
Abdomen of normal form, rather large and heavy, and wider than ptero-
thorax. Tube about three fourths as long as head and about 2.2 times as
long as basal width, which is slightly less than twice the apical. Lateral
Oct., 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 79
abdominal bristles scarcely pointed and blackish brown in color; terminal
bristles pointed, brown, about equal in length to tube.
Measurements of holotype: Length, 1.56 mm.; head, length 0.200 mm.,
width 0.193 mm.; prothorax, length 0.123 mm., width (inclusive of cox)
0.308 mm. ; pterothorax, width 0.378 mm.; abdomen, width 0.418 mm. ; tube,
length, 0.151 mm., width at base 0.069 mm., at apex 0.037 mm.
Antennal segments I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ne Le = 55 66 64 59 54 51 29
USS 0 ae a 33 30 30 33 32 31 4 14
Total length of antenna, 0.420 mm.
Male (macropterous)—Length about 1.4mm. Slightly smaller and more
slender than female. Upper lateral pair of bristles at apex of segment 9
of abdomen much shorter than basal width of tube, the lower lateral and
dorsal pairs of normal length.
Measurements of allotype: Length 1.36 mm.; head, length 0.188 mm.,
width 0.180 mm.; prothorax, length 0.108 mm., width (inclusive of coxe)
0.288 mm.; pterothorax, width 0.327 mm.; abdomen, width 0.349 mm.; tube,
length 0.151 mm., width at base 0.069 mm., at apex 0.033 mm.
Antennal segments I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Berets)! cess. hers spadces as « -— 50 50 50 54 51 49 29
AVG Ie 1/72) a Are eae chris aoe 29 28 28 31 30 28 22 13
Total length of antenna, 0.378 mm.
Described from one female and one male, the former taken
from Ostrya virginiana on Plummer Island, Maryland, April 28, |
1915, by L. O. Jackson; the latter taken from a leaf of Quercus
sp., at Great Falls, Maryland, May 23, 1915, by the writer.
The pale knees and the antennal coloration of this species are
unique in the genus, and the head is unusually short.
LONG ISLAND COLLECTING NOTES.
By Wo. T. Davis, New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y.
THE PERIODICAL CICADA FROM IQIO TO IQI4.
The seventeen-year cicada occurs on Long Island, N. Y., in
numbers at the most unexpected times. In June, 1910, they were
in great abundance in the Half Way Hollow Hills, as reported
in the Journal of the New York Entomological Society for De-
cember of that year. Brood No. 1 (1910) had not heretofore
80 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
been recorded from New York State, but was known to occur
more to the south and southwest.
Brood No. 2 (1911) was in its usual abundance on Staten
Island and in the valley of the Hudson, but on Long Island very
few of the cicadas were found. I spent part of May 31 in the
Half Way Hollow Hills looking for cicadas where they had been
so common the year before, but without success. Mr. Watkins
of Wyandanch said he had seen two seventeen-year cicadas near
that village several days previous to my visit, and later Mr.
Frederick M. Schott heard several near the same place. But one
or two individuals were reported from the western end of the
Island during 1911.
On May 31, 1913, at Deep Pond near Wading River on the
north side of the Island, a single seventeen-year cicada was heard
singing a number of times in a tall oak. On May 31, 1014, I
collected at Deep Pond a number of pupa skins, two cicadas
and heard a number of others singing. Later we heard
one singing about a mile to the northward and found three
of their cones on a shaded wood path. Returning to Wading
River on July 24, we noticed from the car window, about a mile
to the west of the railroad station, many oaks and other trees
on the north side of the track in which the cicadas had laid their
eggs, causing the death of the smaller branches. During the
following two or three days we found that the seventeen-year
cicada had been very common about Deep Pond and on the
easterly side of Long Pond. At the former pond Mr. Engel-
hardt, Mr. Schaeffer and I might have collected a pint of the
dead insects and their pupa cases. Under date of June 9, 1914,
Dr. Frank Overton, of Patchogue, wrote me that the seventeen-
year cicadas were spread over several square miles northwest of
Calverton, about two miles from the Deep Pond locality men-
tioned above. He said he had taken “particular notice of them
for three miles along the Riverhead, Coram road about one or
two miles north of the station. ‘They reached all the way to the
elevated lots and even scattering ones were found nearly into
Riverhead.”
A glance at the circular of information concerning the
Oct., 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 81
“Periodical Cicada in 1914,” issued by the U. S. Dept. of Agri-
culture, May 27, 1914, will show that Brood V was not expected
to occur in New York state, but was supposed to be confined to
Ohio, Virginia and parts of Pennsylvania. From the foregoing
it will be seen that the Long Island broods of seventeen-year
cicadas are of much interest and every effort should be made to
find out more about them.
It may be added that seventeen-year cicadas occurred in some
numbers on the government reservation at West Point both in
June, 1913, and again in June, 1914; also that several were
found on Staten Island during those years, but they did not con-
stitute a swarm as they did to the northwest of Calverton and at
Wading River in 1914.
THE FUNGUS-GROWING ANT NEAR SMITHTOWN.
In the Journal of the New York Entomological Society for
March, 1914, the finding of Atta septentrionalis McCook at
Wading River, in June, 1913, was recorded. In 1914 the range
of this ant on Long Island was much extended, for on June 1, a
number of nests were found by the side of the forest-shaded road
that runs from the main road west of Hauppauge northwardly
and nearly parallel to the Nissequogue River. Additional nests
were found near Smithtown. While the ground is sandy along
the Nissequogue, and while there are a few post-oaks and red
cedars, the heavily forested country does not remind one of the
haunts of Atta in New Jersey as far it has been recorded and
from personal experience. The same may be said of the situa-
tions where it is found at Wading River about 21 miles to the
eastward of Smithtown.
RESULTS FROM WADING RIVER.
As a number of insects of interest were found at Wading
River during the Decoration Day holiday in 1913, it was thought
advisable to visit the place at the same time in 1914, to see if
these insects were still to be found. Accordingly on May 29 Mr.
Barber, Mr. Olsen, Mr. Nicolay and I went to Wading River, »
where we stayed until the 31st.
82 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
Alsophila pometaria caterpillars were nearly as abundant as
they were in 1913 and were being devoured by Calosoma frigi-
dum and Calosoma willcoxi. The same species of caterpillar, a
day or two later was.found near Nessequogue, about 20 miles
to the westward, where it was doing considerable damage to the
ERGEES:
The bug, Tetyra bipunctata was in considerable numbers at
Wading River on young pitch pines; in 1913 only a dead one
was found on the beach.
The grasshopper Eritettix carinatus was as usual in the field
near the large boulders, where we also collected the butterfly
Euptoieta claudia, pointed out by Mr. Nicolay.
The usually rare beetle Nicagus obscurus, was if anything more
common on the up-beach than in 1913, but Cremastochilus harrisu
was not so plentiful. The beetles Cychrus lecontei, Elytroleptus
floridanus, Phymatodes varius, Phymatodes amenus and
Acmeops discoidea were collected.
The little mole-cricket Tridactylus terminalis was found along
the shore of Deep Pond as in 1913.
On June 1, Centrodera picta was beaten from a chestnut oak at
Nissequogue, and on July 26 several Cicindela marginata were
found along the banks of Wading River.
NOTES ON COLEOPTERA.
Anent local captures possibly having a bearing on the southerly
entension of a Boreal fauna or northerly of the Floridian and
Carolinian, Norman S. Easton, of Fall River, Mass., writes:
Malachius aeneus has been here a number of years; my local
record specimen bears the date May 15, 1904, and it is now
common on dandelion blossoms in the spring.
Trechus chalybeus, or what I call by that name, is found occa-
sionally in sifting in late fall or early spring.
I have never taken Strategus anteus, though there is a Rhode »
Island record for it.
Canthydrus puncticollis, Ancyronyx variegatus, Ceutorhyncus
Oct.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 83
hamiltom are also interesting captures of which I have a few
duplicates for any one desiring specimens.—N. S. E.
April 11, near Central Park, Long Island, I took a specimen of
Tricrania sanguinipennis, on the ground. ‘An abundance of adult
tettix near by suggests a possible life history. A. B. Champlain
has taken them near New Haven, Conn., in a ploughed field where
there were many bee burrows. They have been taken by A. H.
Manee at Southern Pines, N. C., and are included in Ulke’s list
of beetles of the District of Columbia. L. H. Joutel has speci-
mens with state labels, “ N. Y.” and ‘‘ Mass.” It is not included
in Smith’s New Jersey list and has not been taken by the experi-
enced collectors of Philadelphia, Newark or New York. Local
captures are recorded by Norman S. Easton, near Fall River,
Mass., and by C. A. Frost, Framingham, Mass.—R. P. D.
Hylecoetus lugubris, taking flying at Ft. Lee, N. J., April 18,
1915, was described from Indiana, is not in the New Jersey list,
and is apparently extremely rare. Specimen was given to the
American Museum of Natural History. Notes on distribution of
this species would be very interesting. —R. P. D.
Amphizoa insolens. One specimen taken from stomach of a
trout in Paradise Valley, King River Canyon, Sierra Nevada
Mts., 7,000 feet, August 6, 1914, by R. L. Beardsley.
Desmocerus auripennis. Three specimens on elderberry, same
locality and same collector. Specimens of californicus were
taken spring of 1914 near Pasadena by Alonzo Davis.
Chrysobothris sp. A female from Bullfrog Lake, 10,634 feet,
August II, 1914, by the writer, comes from a somewhat high
station.
Agabus lugens. Common in a small glacial lake, same locality.
Metrius contractus. Probably same as sericeus Rivers. Nice
series taken by R. L. Beardsley near Camp Nelson, Tulare Co.,
September, 1913.
X ylotrechus insignis. A specimen of this beautiful beetle taken
July 2, 1914, in the upper Arroyo Seco Canyon, San Gabriel Mts.,
on a Yucca.—ForpDYcE GRINNELL, JR.
My best captures this season were three males and five females
of Strategus mormon from the Medora (Kansas) sand hills. I
84 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
also took eggs, but did not have the proper environment to raise
them. I took long series of Cicindela scutellaris, formosa and
venusta, and an exceptional lot of Cremastochilus mtens. Also
lots of Stephanuca pilipenms, Plocamus difformis, Onthophagus
guatemaliensits Bates, and Cotalpa subcribrata Wickham. I
took three Bradycinetus fossor. I took also imagos, larve and
pup of Phytonomus eximius with an interesting Hymenopterous
parasite at Lincoln, Kans., sending all the material to Dr. E. G.
Titus ——WarRREN Knaus, McPherson, Kan.
OBITUARY.
By the death of J. Turner Brakeley, aged sixty-eight, at his
home, Lahaway Plantations, Ocean County, New Jersey, there
has been taken from the world an unusual and beautiful char-
acter. The only child of Rev. J. Henry Brakeley, founder and
life-long president of Bordentown Female College, he was gradu-
ated from Princeton in 1869 and from the Harvard Law School
in 1872. On the completion of his studies he withdrew to the
cranberry estates at Lahaway, which he never left except for
brief annual trips connected with business, mostly to Bordentown,
where he owned the mansion built by Jerome Bonaparte. His
life was that of a recluse. No highway approaches the land
which he loved with the passionate intensity of a Thoreau, and
which is of singular beauty as well as interest, having probably
the largest variety of flora and fauna of any place of equal size
in the country. He died as he had hoped to do, surrounded by
the simple folk of his countryside, his only neighbors and those
of his choosing. No printed work has come from him. He was
one of the poets through whose soul surged a beautiful and un-
written song.
Possessed of ample means, he reserved a few hundred dollars
a year to meet his simple wants. The rest was held as a trust to
be expended as need be with an idea of general “ uplift,”—his
own phrase. His sound judgment in public and private affairs,
Oct., 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 85
his care over his own generosity made him generally known and
beloved through three counties.
This man could have taken rank as one of the leading scientists
of America, but he preferred that his discoveries be given to
those in the profession who could benefit materially by them.
Almost the only way he was known to science was through his
friendship for John B. Smith, in whom he took a fatherly interest
from 1883 until the latter’s death, in 1912. Brakeley was the
American pioneer in mosquito study, taking it up in 1872. Few
eastern forms are unrepresented either by Brakeley types or com-
plete life histories, which were sent either to Smith or Dr.
Coquillett, at the U. S. National Museum. The list of them is
preserved in Smith’s List of the Insects of New Jersey. It was .
he who taught to Smith the rudiments of mosquito study and in-
duced that indefatigable worker to make it the keynote of his
professional career. Of the records of insects in all orders in the
New Jersey List far more came from Lahaway or were made by
Brakeley than from any other authority.
To satisfy a request from Smith for some method of studying
the burrows of underground insects Brakeley invented the method
of taking plaster casts, which has been too little followed, as the
average worker lacks the delicacy of touch necessary to dissect
out the slender tube representing the work of some bee five or six
feet below the soil level. A long and unrecorded study of the
species of Cicindela by their distinctive burrows with proofs of
the two-year existence in larval form has died with Brakeley.
A thousand other studies cannot even be mentioned here.
As a botanist, albeit with a contempt for the taxonomic side of
the study, Brakeley excelled, for he noted every form and counted
each bloom. Cultivation at Lahaway was almost abandoned in
favor of the wild growth. The rarest orchids preempted the
richest spots in the cranberry beds.
The master of Lahaway never ceased to mourn the untimely
death of Smith. His tender solicitude was, in a way, transferred
as a legacy to the present editor of the BULLETIN oF THE BrooK-
LYN ENTOMOLOGICAL Society, Smith’s first and favorite society.
86 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
Without near kin, this remarkable man found his chiefest pleasure
in watching the delight or success of a friend.—R. P. D.
AN UNDESCRIBED SAPROMYZID (DIPTERA).
Bon (SRSA OC rk asses Oi bettapmellie
On August 30 and September 1 of this year I found single
specimens of an apparently undescribed sapromyzid on a wound
on an elm tree from which sap was exuding. At the first glance
the species appeared to belong to the Drosophilidz, but a closer
examination showed that while there are certain similarities the
species does not really belong to that family, and has more affini-
ties with the Sapromyzide. I have during the present year been
paying a considerable amount of attention to the early stages of
Diptera, and it has been more the exception than the rule that I
have discovered undescribed species, although in the case of the
minute forms several have been found of which the present is one.
The characters which appear to associate this genus with the
subfamily Lonchaeine of the family Sapromyzide are as follows:
Orbits with one reclinate bristle; postverticals divergent; arista
plumose; third antennal joint slightly longer than broad; face
slightly concave; vibrisse undifferentiated; mesonotum with two
pairs of dorsocentrals, scutellum slightly convex, rounded in
outline; abdomen short and -broad; auxiliary vein weak; anal
cell present; preapical tibial bristle absent.
Phorticoides, gen. nov.
Generic characters: Auxiliary vein very short, ending at two-fifths from
base of first vein, abruptly bent towards costa near apex, the angulated |
portion indistinct and not extending to costal vein; costa ending at apex
of third vein; anal cell present, the cross vein closing it apically indis-
tinct; inner and outer cross veins present, not approximated; anal vein
indistinct, not extending to wing margin.
Type of genus: Phorticoides flinti, sp. n.
Oct., 1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 87
Phorticoides flinti, sp. n.
Male. Black-brown subopaque. Head subopaque; frons covered with
gray pruinescence; orbits yellowish, especially anteriorly; face and cheeks
yellow ; antennae brown, third joint whitish yellow; labrum glossy brown;
proboscis and palpi dusky yellow. Thorax subopaque, dorsum with dense
gray pruinescence; disc with seven vittae, median one broad and con-
spicuous, its anterior extremity narrowed; submedian pair slender and
poorly defined; submarginal pair slender, extending from posterior mar-
gin to middle of disc; marginal pair as broad as median vitta; pleurae
yellowish, with two broad longitudinal vittae, one on upper margin and
the other over upper portion of sterno-pleurae; scutellum brownish, disc
with grayish pruinescence, apex yellowish; postnotum glossy black. Ab-
domen black, glossy; anterior margins of segments with a subtriangular
silvery pruinose spot on the lateral angles. Legs pale yellow; fore coxae
with a brown spot on anterior surfaces; femora and tibiae biannulate, one
subbasal, the other subapical; apical joint of all tarsi brown. Wings clear,
veins yellow. MHalteres pale yellow.
Frons, viewed from above, over one half the head width; ocellar region
slightly elevated; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, distance between outer
margin of posterior ocelli and eye margin about twice as great as distance
between outer margins of those ocelli; postvertical bristles widely diver-
gent, each about half as long as outer vertical one, the latter scarcely more
than half as long as inner vertical; the single orbital bristle slightly longer
than outer vertical one, located about midway from base of latter to base
of antennae; orbits with a few weak setulae anterior to the bristle; center
stripe bare; ocellar bristles strong, slightly divergent, subporrect; face
concave, median carina weak; viewed from in front the eyes are decidedly
convergent below; antennae rather large; second joint with a few dorsal
setulae; third joint elongate, its length about over 1.5 its breadth, upper
margin rather acute at apex, lower margin rounded apically; arista long
plumose, situated near base on dorsum; mouth margin slightly protuber-
ant; cheek narrow, about one sixth as high as eye, marginal bristles rather
numerous; eye twice as high as long, surface with sparse hairs; labrum
protuberant; proboscis fleshy; palpi normal. Mesonotum with two pairs
of dorso-central bristles; disc with rather sparse setulae; prescutellar bris-
tles present; mesopleura without bristles; sternopleura with two bristles
on upper margin; scutellum with four bristles, the basal pair weak. Hy-
popygium inconspicuous. Wing rather large; distance from humeral vein
to end of first about two thirds as great as next division; costa not broken
anywhere; second vein arcuate, bent towards third at its apex; fourth
vein very slightly divergent from third at its apex, its apical portion about
two and a half times as long as its preapical, the latter nearly twice as
long as outer cross vein and slightly shorter than last section of fifth;
inner cross vein very slightly before apex of first, costa without spines.
Length, 2 mm.
88 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
Type locality, Urbana, Ill, August 30 and September 1, 1915 (J. R.
Malloch).
The species is named in honor of Mr. W. P. Flint, who has ob-
tained many interesting species for the collection here and who
was with me when I took the type specimen.
OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA
WANTED.—Pupe of Papilio ajax and rutulus. Ward’s Natural Sci-
ence Establishment, 84 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
All kinds of Chrysalids, Cocoons, and Pups wanted in exchange for
North American lepidoptera. Address: Herman H. Brehme, 74 Thirteenth
Ave., Newark, N. J.
Florida Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells,
and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla.
WANTED.—No. Am. Cerambycide and Buprestide, especially Agrilus;
will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above
families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass.
The undersigned will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey
species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey.—Harry B. Weiss, 242
Raritan Ave., New Brunswick, N. J.
WANTED.—Transactions American Entomological Society, vol. IV.;
Entomological News, vol. II., nos. 6 and 10, or the whole volume—Howard
L. Clark, Box 1142, Providence, R. I.
Fine specimens of the large Mantis, Paratenodera sinensis, collected
at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., offered in exchange for North Ameri-
can Lepidoptera—Philip Laurent, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.
I shall be prepared to raise pupe during the season of 1915 in exchange
for exotic Lepidoptera. Wish to hear from those interested quantity and
species they desire—H. S. Gladwin, Madison, N. J.
I collect for cash local Insects in all Orders. Printed price list of
nearly 1,000 species Coleoptera in Henshaw Nos. A. H. Manee, Southern
Pines, N. C.
WANTED.—North American Orthoptera from localities which are little
known or in which but little collecting has been done. Material from the
mountainous regions of the West particularly desired. M. Hebard, Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.
WANTED.—Sphingide from any part of the world. WHil purchase or
exchange. B. Preston Clark, 55 Kilby St., Room 35, Boston, Mass.
DR. STAUDINGER & A. BANG-HAAS, Dresden-Blasewitz,
in their new Price List No. LVII. for 1914 (116 pag.), offer
more than 20,000 Species of well named Lepidoptera, set or in
papers, from all parts of the world, in finest condition ; 2,600
kinds of prepared larvae, etc. Separate price lists for Coleoptera
(30,000 species, 208 pag.), for Hymenoptera (3,600 species), Dip-
tera (2,900), Hemiptera (2,500), Orthoptera (1,200), Neuroptera
(630), Biological Objects (300). Discount for cash orders. Prices
low. We sell no more living pupe. Extraordinarily cheap cen-
turies and lots (List gratis). Fine species at very low prices.
Lots sent for selection.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCKEM NE
Sent postpaid on receipt of price by A. C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park
Place, Brooklyn. European Agent, W. Junk, Sachsischerstr. 68, Berlin,
W. Is.
THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomol-
ogy, by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by Ward’s Natural Science
Establishment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y., and other dealers,
Cloth bo tamid’s oso ee eee apy ste i a 2.00
Copies bound with imterleaves for additions’ ......../--.-292.eeeee 2.50
BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
Vols. 1, 2 and 3 are out of print and will be bought at $1.50 each.
Vols."4'to 7 for sale ‘at; per voli ola Seek. ree soe eee eee 1.25
Noltniers rotate Sralletinienot|Salleiclte iene aan ae ee 1.40
Volumesonon them Biilletime tor isalesat ase eee are 1.00
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 each 2.00
PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards) Voli@ and) 4) each eee 2.00
Vols. 2 and 3 wanted.
SCHAUPP, Synopsis of the Cicindelide, 5 col. plates ........... 1.00
OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera ........ 50
UHLER, ‘Checlkdist: of the Hemiptera sa ceenee eae eee 25
Odd numbers of missing volumes of Papilio and Bulletin wanted at
full prices.
THE BROOKLYN
~ ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first
Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at 185
Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00.
OFFICERS, 1915
President
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
Vice-President
W. T. BATHER
Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
Recording Secretary
J. R. p—E ra TORRE-BUENO
Treasurer
C. E. OLSEN
Librarian
A. C. WEEKS
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences
: CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society
Published in
October, December, February, April and June of each year
; Subscription price, domestic, $1.00 per year; foreign $1.25,
f in advance; single copies 25 cents. Advertising rates on applica-
tion. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to ento-
mologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if
ordered in advance of publication, additional at cost. Address
subscriptions and all communications to
R. P. DOW, Editor,
15 Broad Street, New York City.
a5
Ward’s Natural Science Establishment,
84-102 College Ave. ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Entomological supplies of every description, including the.
only genuine hand made
Schmitt Insect Boxes, and the well known
American Entomological Company Insect Pins.
Our supply catalogue No. 30 will be sent free on application.
Entomological Specimens of all orders from every part of the
world.
EBD
Life Histories of Insects of Economic Importance and others;
Type or systematic collections of Insects from Boreal America;
Collections of beneficial and injurious insects; Collections of
Household, Garden, Orchard, Shade Tree and Forest Pests; also
illustrating Mimicry and Protective Coloration, and Dimorphism.
If interested write for the following circulars:
116 Biological Material for Dissection,
125 Life Histories of Economic Insects,
128 List of Living Pupae,
129 Exotic Lepidoptera,
130. North American Lepidoptera,
131 Exotic Coleoptera,
132 North American Coleoptera,
143 Type Collections, also Collections illustrating
beneficial and injurious insects, different pests, Mimicry
and Protective coloration, and Dimorphism.
Our complete Insect catalogue and list of publications will
be sent on receipt of 25 cents.
ee ae. ee ee
SMB ey aes %
a A a ak 4 Re i
Vol. X DECEMBER, 1915 No. 5
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY
NEW SERIES
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
Chairman
j. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW,
Advertising Manager Editor
Published by the Society
Price, 25 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
CONTENTS
DIRECTIONS FOR COLLECTING COLLEMBOLA, Folsom ..... gl
THE LAND) OF THE; ROSE\APPUE; Dawi)ii. ket icl occ ces eee 04
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF KING
RIVER CANYON, SIERRA NEVADA MOUNTAINS, CALI-
POR DIU AS Gramniely ire a. sc atoee Sis ietopo cic he okeate aie iter eae 100
A NEW MEMBRACID FROM TRINIDAD, Funkhouser .......... 103
A METHOD OF SHIPPING INSECT COLLECTIONS, Champlain ros
MECAPTERA OF THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES,
Bn gelbacdgiisy cater ce se. itis Raves ue a mea ta a ROE HIG fogs ». 106
BU LEE PIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
VoL. X DECEMBER, I9I5 No. 5
DIRECTIONS FOR COLLECTING COLLEMBOLA.
By J. W. Fotsom, Urbana, Ill.
‘ ”
Collembola, otherwise known as “ springtails,’’ are common in
all climates, and may be expected to occur wherever there is a
soil that supports vegetation. They are small insects, usually
one or two millimeters in length and seldom longer than four or
five millimeters. In form they are either elongate (Fig. 1) or
globular (Fig. 2). Most of them are able to leap, when dis-
turbed, by means of a peculiar forked appendage known as the
furcula ; but not a few species lack the furcula, and these sluggish
forms might at first sight be mistaken for larvz of some sort.
Collembola are most abundant in damp situations. There are
some species, provided with scales, that may be found in dry
places, but most species require an atmosphere that contains con-
siderable moisture. Springtails may be looked for in any soil
that is not too dry, and are usually numerous in grass lands and
cultivated fields. They are common under sticks or stones on
damp soil. Many species occur in woodlands in the humus,
beneath decaying leaves, under or within damp logs, under loose
bark, on trunks of trees and on low vegetation. Many species
inhabit moss and fungi. Some species frequent ants’ nests in
the ground or in logs. Various forms occur in manure piles and
in decaying vegetables. Many kinds are found on pools of water
and along the shores of streams or ponds. Some species get into
wells. Not a few species occur on the seashore, under stones,
driftwood or seaweed, on dead mollusks or fishes, or on tide
pools. Many kinds of Collembola occur in caves, certain species
having no other habitat. Collembola are usually abundant in
gl
92 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
green-houses, which often furnish interesting exotic species and
are good places for winter collecting. A considerable number of
species can be collected out of doors at any time during the
Fic. 1—Onychiurus cocklet Fic. 2—Sminthurus hortensis
Folsom. Fitch.
winter, though they may be found more easily during a thaw.
Certain species are found on the snow, sometimes in immense
numbers.
The essentials for collecting Collembola are glass vials or tubes
and small brushes; camel’s hair brushes or cheap paint brushes
serving the purpose. Homeopathic vials may be used but are
objectionable on account of neck and lip. The straight vials
known as shell vials are better, but I prefer a simple glass tube
10 mm. in diameter and 55 mm. in length, with rounded bottom;
this diameter enabling one to examine the contents with a half-
inch lens. Such a tube is made to order for 75 cents per gross.
Some collectors obtain their specimens by touching them with
a brush wet with chloroform or some other killing agent; or pick
them up on a brush moistened with glycerine; but the specimens
thus collected are not in the best condition for study. I always
collect specimens alive and kill them at home by pouring on them
strong alcohol heated in a test tube to a temperature a little below
the boiling point. If killed with a hot fluid the specimens die in
a relaxed condition with the appendages extended in a manner
favorable for study and without shrinkage or other distortion.
Dec.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 93
It is not difficult to collect specimens alive by pushing them into
a glass tube with the aid of a brush. Then, if one puts into the
tube bits of damp wood, pieces of decaying leaves, or a little moist
earth, the springtails can be kept alive for many days, if
necessary.
There are certain special methods of collection that may be
employed. For collecting minute specimens—half a millimeter
or less in length—a watchmaker’s or engraver’s glass, fastened
to the head, or a reading glass is helpful in diminishing eyestrain.
Two pieces of cloth, one black and one white, are useful on which
to shake green plants, fungi, dead leaves, or other material. The
Berlese apparatus for collecting minute arthropods yields im-
mense numbers of Collembola. This apparatus is essentially a
large metal funnel surrounded by a can of hot water, with a wire
screen across the mouth of the funnel. On the screen are placed
soil, decaying leaves, fungi, moss, bark, or other material con-
taining specimens. The organisms move downward toward the
heat and pass through the funnel into a bottle of alcohol. If the
alcohol is hot it will fix the specimens properly. To get the most
out of the Berlese apparatus use “ siftings.” In other words, sift
the material as soon as it is collected through a wire screen with
a quarter-inch mesh into a canvas bag, thus getting rid of most of
the debris, and use this concentrated material in the apparatus.
Collembola on the surface of a pool can frequently be lifted
from the water on a brush, but too often it happens that they
escape. They can be collected with a net, of course, a small
wire strainer lined with cheese cloth serving the purpose. When
after these forms in earnest, I use an atomizer to spray the
surface of the water with chloroform, and then collect the dead
specimens with a net. One of Professor Needham’s students
sent me hundreds of specimens of these water-frequenting species
that were collected in an ingenious manner. Little tents were
placed on damp soil on the borders of pools and streams, and into
these tents the Collembola came in immense numbers.
When collecting Collembola be sure to get several or many
specimens of the same species if possible. This is usually not
difficult to do, as most species occur in colonies. I have many
new species that I have preferred to leave undescribed on ac-
94 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
count of having an insufficient number of specimens. It is often
necessary to treat specimens with reagents or to dissect off certain
structures in order to make out some of the specific characters ;
in other words, to injure the specimen in order to find out what
it is. In the case of a new species the specialist should have at
hand enough specimens to show, at least approximately, the
range of variation in specific characters, and plenty of material
for museums, for other specialists, and for his own future use.
It goes without saying that all specimens should be labeled
properly ; and it is much better to put the data in or on the tube
with the specimens than simply to give the latter a number.
Collembola should not be mounted on card points, for the
integument is so delicate that they shrink badly. Shrunken
specimens can be restored to a semblance of their natural form
by the use of dilute potassium hydroxide, but are never so
satisfactory for study as specimens preserved in alcohol or
formaline.
Alcohol of 80 or 85 per cent. is better than strong alcohol (95
per cent.), as the latter makes the insects brittle.
Four per cent. formaline preserves certain colors that are not
permanent in alcohol. The advantages of formaline as a pre-
servative are well known. It economizes space and is inexpen-
sive. On a camping trip or a journey to the ends of the earth,
only a comparatively small amount of formaldehyde need be
carried, which may be diluted when necessary by mixing it with
twenty-four times its volume of water.
THE LAND OF THE ROSE APPLE TREE.
By Re Powe Scooklytar oN
One of the oldest words in the world, which has not passed
from land to land, changing its form while retaining its root, is
“jambos.” For the jambos tree is confined to India, save where
it is shown in botanical gardens. Its fruit tastes a little like a
full-blown rose smells. In the earliest known time all tropical
India was known as the Land of the Rose Apple Tree. For an
Dec.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 95
account of the people and the times we have one book, more im-
portant than all the rest, the epic poem, the Mahabharata, which
is eight times as long as the combined works of Homer. Like
the Iliad it deals with kings, princesses, nobles, warriors. But,
the life it describes is like the rose apple, sweet. Men were brave
and women virtuous. Contemplation turned toward God and the
beauties of nature. Those were simple times, simple people,
simple thoughts.
For thousands of years Occidental civilization knew nothing of
their existence. Less than 150 years ago a vast literature was
discovered and brought to Europe. It included the Avesta of
Zoroaster in the Zend tongue of which a small tribe of Parsees
are still devotees, and a mass in the tongue now known as San-
scrit. Most of this had been lost since the Saracen conquests in
the seventh century, A. D. Millions of men still retain a knowl-
edge of the Sanscrit, being descended from that people. But
they kept it as long as possible from irreverent European eyes.
Later discoveries have brought the volume of Sanscrit literature
to a size greater than all existing classic Greek and have pre-
sented a vocabulary greater than that of the Latin language.
There are many dialects of Sanscrit, from the earliest, which is
-the religious tongue, to latest, which is the daily speech of a
common people. By common consent the Rig Vedas are con-
sidered the earliest—a great collection of hymns to the Deities.
No generally acceptable date has ever been suggested for these.
One guess is as late as 1350 B. C. It is probable that the low
Sanscrit was a living language after the Christian era. Almost
all scholars concur in thinking the Rig Vedas among the oldest,
most primitive, remains of human literature. Are they, then,
earlier or later than the Avesta, for which a date of about 6,400
B. C. is positively suggested? That it is late is indicated by the
Sanscrit knowledge of the honey bee, which the Zend people
did not know. The place of origin is unmistakable. It was
where the parrots chattered from the tree tops and the elephants
were both wild herds and domesticated as beasts of burden.
A translation of the Sanscrit words describing insects is a
task so far very imperfectly performed and one of great diffi-
culty, for the references are wholly incidental. A translator with
96 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
the unusual qualification of being entomologist as well as linguist
has first to correct many mistaken meanings and must take into
consideration that the Sanscrit authors had very vague ideas
about the insects themselves. Most of them represent some
observation of habit, injurious or otherwise, which cannot be
referred to any single species or even natural group.
In one of the older Vedas there is advice to a prince not to
make too many enemies near home. ‘Even a proud serpent is
destroyed by insects when there are many of them.” The word
used is kitat. It often occurs in the tropics that the driver ants
assail and overcome the large snakes by sheer force of numbers.
There is probably no other insect which performs the feat. Yet
it is not wholly fair to translate kitai as driver ant, for the word
may have a different application in some other passage. To call
it insect is all one can safely do. It has no known etymology and
may be one of many borrowed from Dravidian neighbors or
predecessors.
A’ similar passage in the Vedas speaks of the necessity of
weakening opposing armies internally. “Just as a fine timber
falls to pieces when riddled by insects.” The word here is ghuna,
also of uncertain etymology. That it applies to wood boring in-
sects is indubitable. If the writer of the passage had himself a
concrete idea on the subject, he might have understood many
kinds of beetle larve, but more probably the termites (white
ants), for boring beetles seldom riddle timber until it falls
readily to pieces, while the damage by termites is generally com-
plete destruction.»
Another passage speaking of a slain foe: “the contents of his
bowels they kept for the cavartas.” Roth translates this as
“maggots” with probable correctness. If the thing were an
animal or bird of prey it would have a well-understood name.
It refers almost certainly to some scavenger insect, the hosts of
which had no names. The word krimi is classic Sanscrit and
certainly means worms, undoubtedly a very general term. In
the Atharda Veda they are exorcised as an intestinal worm, of
which many kinds are known in India. }
Here is an invocation to a Serpent Divinity: “Let every wild
beast, every fly (mashika), every worm (krimi), sate itself on
the carrion of man, bitten by thee, O Arbudi!”
Dec.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society ST
The Sanscrit word krims—plural krimi—presents no difficulty.
It reappears in Latin as vermes, or exactly the same in root and
application in English as worms. The English vermin has de-
parted far in meaning but is, of course, the same as the Latin
congerer.
From the Mahabharata ones learns of the flight the princess
Damayata through the forest, listening to the trill of the jhillikas.
This word is explained by a commentator as meaning a large
wood cricket. Certainly it is the forebear of the word Gryllus,
which is cricket from Rome until today. It is an attempt at
imitation of the trill of the cricket.
The Princess Damayata continued her way through the forest.
There follows in the narrative a catalogue of trees under which
she passed. It is a list of muda nomina, but interwoven to make
perfect meter for about two pages. The species mentioned are
probably three hundred. It is wonderful metrical skill, but is
it poetry? I refer for an answer to any one who has read the
list of flowers in the old neglected garden, given by Shelley in
his Sensitive Plant. If this primitive Sanscrit people had fami-
liar names for three hundred trees, how many insects did they
know?
What can you make of this beautiful passage describing the
Sinners’ Road, translation of Sir Edwin Arnold from the
Mahabharata ?
“
. where there buzzed,
And sucked and settled, creatures of the swamp,
Hideous in wing and sting, gnat clouds and flies,
With moths, toads, newts, and snakes, red gulleted ;
And livid, loathsome worms, writhing in slime,
Forth from skull holes and scalps and tumbled bones.”
A passage from the Rig Vedas: “ The host of biting things too
small to be seen.” This suggests the acarine red bug, a pest to
all tropical travelers, but what did the author understand by
.them, more than he has stated?
Or, try this:
“ Before your face he falls at your feet, but behind your back he bites you.
In your ear sweetly and gently he hums something lovely.
But if he finds out a weak spot, or breach, or unguarded place,
Suddenly he enters without hesitation.
All the doings of a scoundrel doth a mosquito.”
\
98 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
This last word is a guess, except that it is an insect. Is it the
earliest mention in the world of a mosquito?
For one insect there can be no error, although in this dateless
age one may not discriminate between a thousand species of
Muscide, Syrphidz, and many other Diptera. An annual festival
was set apart for the flies. Little dishes were set outside the
houses, containing flour and that which has been translated as
“sugar”? but which probably means cane or some other sweet
matter. If the Greeks did not have sugar it was probably un-
known to the people of Sanscrit.
The Sanscrit word here employed is mdksika, a feminine form
from mdksa, fly. The Zend transposes the k and s, mashki.
This is beyond any doubt the Latin musca. It is less certainly
the Greek muia. It is hardly the Persian maka or myci, which
fathers the word for ants.
The confusion of the Turan tribes of maka, or myci, or vari-
ous spellings arises from the vague translations of Sir Henry
Rawlinson. The mike appears again as the Myrmidons, and are
the ants. They were a tribe of Turan. The word myrmex is
merely muria plus mike, 1. e., the ants occurring in 10,000 colonies.
You remember that when Achilles, son of Peleus and Thetis,
both demigods, appeared with the Greek forces before Troy, his
army, coming from Macedonia was of Myrmidons. The poet
declares that the war against Troy was over Helen, wife of a
Greek king, who eloped with Paris, son of the king of Troy.
But the cruel science of chronology steps in to assert that when
Paris was 21 years old Helen was anywhere from 90 to 110.
Such elopements might have happened, but—. The truth of the
matter is that the Trojan war, which occurred nearer 1325 B. C.
than 1100, the two dates being those of extremes of conjecture,
was merely a single campaign in the ten thousand years of war-
fare between Iran and Turan.
A thousand years later Alexander, King of Macedon, claimed
for himself and his people admittance to the great games open
to all freeborn Greeks asserting that he was a lineal descendant
of Achilles. The Myrmidons, ancestors of the Macedonian race,
came, it was claimed, from the island of Xgina, hard by Athens.
The island having become depopulated, the gods gave permission
Dec.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 99
to an ancestor of Achilles to repopulate by converting the ants
into human beings. These migrated to Macedonia, and always
boasted of being descended from ants.
The Amphictyonic Council, the body governing the Olympic
games, were inclined to reject Alexander’s claim, and modern
science would sustain the objection that the legendary origin was
unnatural. However, it is a brave council which crosses the path
of a world conqueror. It finally officially declared that the
Myrmidons were freeborn Greeks, descended from the ants of
7égina. More probably the truth is that the Myrmidons were
descendants of the Turanic tribe (or tribes) known as “ants,”
and formed the exception to the rule of Iran versus Turan.
The Mashki (flies) a distinct race of Turan, also held their
own through classic times. As the Moschi (compare musce)
they were mentioned by both Pliny and Strabo as a people in-
definitely situated between the Black and Caspian Seas. We
must emphasize the distinction. There were two tribes. The
Mici, or Mike, finally reached Thessaly. The Muiai or Mashki
or muscz were among those who preserved their identity until
the indefinite period between the times when the Arabs overran
and introduced Islamism and the Asiatic conqueror, Genghis
Khan, broke down almost all tribal distinctions in the original
homes of all Turan.
The maksiki, mashki, muiai, musce, as words, are akin to the
German miicke and the English midge, but it does not follow
that the specific creature known in different tongues by this root
word is the same in species, family or order. It does follow,
however, that it is the same in a vague interpretation of a biting
annoyingness.
When the Spaniards overran the West Indies, Florida, Central
America, etc., they encountered an insect pest of no mean quality.
It needed a name. So they took musca, the fly, made it mascu-
line, and then, since the creature was smaller than the house or
stable fly, added a diminutive, making the word mosquito. The
word means the little male fly. The Spaniards did not know
that the female of the species is more deadly than the male.
Within a hundred years we have discovered that the female
only bites.
100 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
It is well to take notice that the word mosquito is American,
and not European. The English equivalent is gnat. This latter
will appear many times in future pages of a history of insects.
We note the Sanscrit idea of preservation of all life, since it
may contain a transmigrating soul. Every insect must be saved
in early India, even to the fleas and that which is generally
translated as “bug” and can only apply to the cosmopolitan and
prehistoric bedbug. The Rabbinical Hebrew cosmogony of the
flies does not differ far from the Zend and Sanscrit. Lilith, who
was Adam’s first wife, she with hair like ropes of gold (Eve being
brunette to the point of Ethiopianism), after a divorce married
Beelzebub, prince of devils, and bore to him a troublesome
progeny, including the flies and other noxious insects. Of this
idea of preservation there is a curious survival even today, in
Egypt, especially, where the chief cause of the horrible ophthalmia
everywhere present is the superstitious fear of brushing away the
flies, even from one’s eyelids.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF KING
RIVER CANYON, SIERRA NEVADA MOUNTAINS,
CALIFORNIA.
By Forpyce GRINNELL, Jr., Los Angeles, Calif.
From July 20 to August 16, 1914, Mr. R. L. Beardsley and
the writer crossed the great Sierra Nevada range of mountains
from Sanger in the San Joaquin Valley to Independence in
Owen’s Valley—just one month—spending two weeks in the
wonderful gorge of King River canyon, near Kanawyer’s.
From Sanger to Hume Lake consumed one whole day’s auto
stage ride, going through the General Grant National Park of
giant redwood trees; and from Hume to Kanawyer’s a day and
a half horseback ride, the night being spent at Horse Corral
Meadows; next morning, July 24, we got an early start and rode
through the beautiful forests and soon after passing Summit
Meadows we got our first glimpse of the King’s River canyon,
and also began the rather rapid descent into the canyon bottom,
Dec.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 101
passing another party coming up. On our way down this slope
I saw some white butterflies sailing leisurely around the tops of
the yellow pines; I managed to catch two specimens from my
riding horse, which proved to be Neophasia menapia, the first
time I had seen the species in life. We reached Kanawyer’s
about noon, after a most charming ride through the canyon,
looking up at the great granite cliffs and domes rising a mile or
more above us, crossing the bridge over the good-sized King
River, and the groves of golden and Kellogg oaks, and yellow
and sugar pines. It was an experience entirely new to me and
so the impression was great and indescribable. At Kanawyer’s
we had a fine dinner including trout ; in the afternoon we selected
a camp site for our two weeks’ stay, down near the river, a fine ~
place except for the mosquitoes at times. That night was espe-
cially and uncomfortably warm and close.
Next day I walked down the canyon to Cedar Grove and
part way up the slope of the previous day’s descent, with the
idea particularly of obtaining more specimens of the interesting
pine butterfly—the only one living on pines except another of the
same genus in southern Arizona and Mexico; I took eight speci-
mens and the packer captured one near Kanawyer’s on my re-
turn. Saw also Junania cenia, Colias eurytheme, Argynnis
monticola, Anosia plexippus, Pyrameis cardui—all except the
Argynnis and Neophasia widespread in distribution. Also near
Cedar Grove took a fine specimen of Meganostoma cesoma or
perhaps being an atavistic specimen of our western dog’s head
butterfly, M. eurydice. Thecla grunus was numerous around
the Golden Oaks; also in the same places, Heterochroa cali-
fornica; Lycena acmon was common as elsewhere. Saw a few
wary underwing moths, Catocala, around the trunks of the trees,
of which a specimen was taken near Kanawyer’s.
On July 26 we went to the upper end of Paradise Valley on
the South Fork, where the mosquitoes were worse than ever and
almost intolerable, but with fine trout fishing. The canyon is a
wonderful rocky gorge with many beautiful cascades and snow-
slides. Found the pine butterfly here, also the Argynmis, and a
large moth, Pseudohazis eglanterina.
102 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
On July 28 and 29 we went up Copper Creek to Goat Moun-
tain (over night), Grouse lake, Mt. Hutching’s ridge and Mt.
Hutchings (10,787 ft.), overlooking King’s River canyon,
Granite Basin and from which a fine view of the High Sierras
in every direction could be had. On the ridge and to the summit
I took a nice series—for the first time—of the Arctic butterfly,
Chionobas ivallda (Mead), near the snow banks, but lighting
on the grayish granite which the undersides of these insects
exactly resemble. On the rocky summit of Mt. Hutchings we
saw more of the arctics, and also the common swallowtail, Papilio
zolicaon; the swallowtails have a particular predilection for the
summits of peaks. In Copper Creek canyon, around the little
-cienegas or meadows, we found numerous little blue butterflies,
Lycena fulla; Phyciodes; and some Hesperids. The brown hair
streaks, Thecla grunus, were numerous around the golden oaks
in Copper Creek canyon, back of Kanawyer’s, the brownish
undersides harmonizing well with the golden of the oak leaves.
The last week of our trip was consumed in a knapsack trip up
over the crest of the Sierras at Kearsarge Pass, about 12,000
feet elevation, spending most of the time at Bullfrog Lake, 10,634
feet, where a series of Behr’s alpine sulphur, Colias behru, was
taken; as well as other interesting things, Lycena battoides
(typical), Chrysophanus cupreus, and editha; Lycena podarce,
Pamphila sabuleti tecumseh, and at Charlotte Lake saw a Par-
nassius. On our way back we took a fine Chionobas near the
summit of Kearsarge Pass and the trip down the abrupt western
slope, from 12,000 feet altitude to 5,000 feet altitude was made
in a half day with our knapsacks. Just above Kearsarge Pass.
we climbed Mt. Gould, 13,000 feet altitude, the highest we
reached. This is a region of wonders and contrasts—from snow
banks and a frozen lake, to the burning heat of a near desert in
a half day, on foot!
Dec.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 108
fed
A NEW MEMBRACID FROM TRINIDAD.
By W. D. FuNKHOUSER.
(Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University.)
Through the courtesy of Mr. Chris E. Olsen, of Maspeth,
L. I., I have been permitted to examine a series of specimens of
this very interesting new species belonging to the genus Stegaspis
Germ. of the family Membracide.
No species have been assigned to this genus since 1858* and
indeed the standing of the genus has been considerd more or less
doubtful. The genus was erected by Germar in 18357 and ac-
cepted by Amyot and Serville in their work in 1843.£ Fair-
maire in 1846,§ however, claimed that the characters assigned to
this genus by Germar were (in the case of the absence of a
hollowing out above the scutellum) incorrect, and (in the folia-
ceous pronotum) insufficient for generic rank and he therefore
sunk all of the species of Stegaspis known at that time in the
genus Lycoderes Germ. Later, however, Walker|| and Stalf
both recognized the genus and with our present knowledge of the
group it seems advisable to accept it, at least tentatively, for con-
venience in systematic study.
The genus is close to Lycoderes Germ. and differs from that
genus in that the pronotum in Stegaspis is more foliaceous, is less
hollowed out above the scutellum and in the fact that the anterior
elevation of the pronotum is never bilobed.
The characters of the genus may be briefly summarized as
follows:
* Vide Walker, List Homoptera, British Museum Supplement, p. 165.
+ Germar, Ernst Friedrich, Species Membracidum Musei Germari et dis-
positio generum Membracidum. Silb. Revue entom. 1835. Tome III, 223-
261 pp., et suppl., 307-311 pp.
+ Amyot, Charles Jean Baptiste and Serville, Audinet, Histoire Naturelle
des Insectes—Hemipteres, Paris, 1843, p. 533, Genus 422.
§ Fairmaire, Leon, Revue de la tribu des Membracides. Annales de la
Societe entomologique de France, 1846, Ser. 2, Tome IV, p. 522.
|| Walker, Francis, List Hom. Brit. Mus. 1851, p. 634.
{ Stal, Carolus, Hemiptera Fabriciana. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-
Akademiens Handlingar, Stockholm, 1869, Band VIII, No. 2, p. 54.
104 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. X
Pronotum very foliaceous and laterally flattened, recalling the genus
Membracis; the anterior elevation extended forward before the head and
projecting more or less upward, never bilobed; very little hollowed out
above the scutellum; posterior process well developed, extending backward
at least as far as center of body but not reaching tips of tegmina. Legs
flattened; the tibiae, particularly the anterior pair, foliaceous. No supra-
humeral horns. Tegmina broad, the cells reaching the margin, without a
border ; five apical cells and one discoidal cell.
The genus is native to the northern part of South America,
all of the species having been described from Brazil, Venezuela
and the Guianas. It contains at present nine species to which
must be added the following :
Stegaspis viridis sp. nov.
Green; punctured; prothorax subtriangular and much flattened; poste-
rior process just reaching internal angle of tegmina; tegmina hyaline,
slightly punctured at base; head subquadrangular, somewhat foliaceous;
tibiz foliaceous.
Head more or less quadrate, brown, finely punctured, not pubescent,
base smooth and arcuate; eyes not at all prominent as seen from the front,
greenish and opaque; ocelli pearly, much farther from each other than
from. the eyes and situated well above an imaginary line drawn through
the center of the eyes; clypeus small, longer than wide, smooth, lateral
margins partly concealed by the overlapping edges of the adjacent gene.
Genz very large, extended, projecting downward as far as the inferior
margin of the labium, carrying out the general quadrate outline of the
head, very rough with minute tubercles; antennae rather long, fine and
bristle-like.
Pronotum roughly triangular, much flattened, projecting upward and
forward above the head, brilliant green in color, becoming yellowish in
cabinet specimens, finely punctured, the punctures smaller and closer
together at the anterior end than at the posterior, a smooth yellowish disk
just above and behind each eye; sides of pronotum bearing two or three
irregular, wavy, slightly raised lines; median carina percurrent, very dis-
tinct on anterior margin, becoming more obsolete on dorsal margin, where
the tectiform ridge of the pronotum itself is very sharp; humeral angles
small, not prominent; posterior process heavy, blunt, triangular, projecting
beyond the extremity of the abdomen and just reaching the internal angle
of the tegmen.
Tegmina entirely hyaline; base finely punctate and greenish; apex broad
and much rounded, the veins extending to the margins; veins broad, well-
defined, greenish.
Abdomen very light green, segments faintly margined with darker;
ovipositor more than half as long as ventral length of abdomen.
Undersurface of thorax yellowish; legs yellow-ferruginous, femora
BULLETIN BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SoclETY. VOL. X. PLATE 2.
NEw MEMBRACID FROM TRINIDAD—FUNKHOUSER
Dec.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 105
slightly swollen, tibiae much flattened, the anterior and middle pairs folia-
ceous; tarsi fuscous; claws brown.
Type: Female.
Measurements: Length from head to apex of tegmina 5.5 mm.; length
of pronotum from anterior apex to tip of posterior process 5 mm.; width
between humeral angles 1.3 mm.
Male very slightly smaller and more slender. Does not differ in color
or punctuation. Abdomen much more slender and pointed than in female.
Locality: Port of Spain, Trinidad, West Indies.
Collector: R. J. Crew.
Described from two females and three males. The specimens
bear no date labels. Type in author’s collection, allotype and
three paratypes in collection of Mr. C. E. Olsen.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
Fic. 1. Lateral view.
Fic. 2. Front view.
Fic. 3. Dorsal view.
Fic. 4. Ventral view of abdomen (female).
Fic. 5. Ventral view of abdomen (male).
A METHOD OF SHIPPING INSECT COLLECTIONS.
By A. B. CHamprain, Lyme, Conn.
During the past eight years I have moved my collection of
Carabidz five or six times, in all about six thousand miles. It
has been handled by drayers and in freight warehouses, and
transferred several times en route when shipped for long dis-
tances. I have never had a specimen damaged.
Barrels, ordinary sugar barrels obtainable from any grocer, are
my receptacles. My boxes are 9 X 13 inches, on the order of
Schmitt boxes. Each is wrapped separately with newspaper to
prevent the dust from working in. Eight or nine are placed,
one above another, on top of a cushion of excelsior. Excelsior is
packed securely around each, leaving no chance for the boxes to
touch the edges of the barrel. A cushion of several inches of
_ excelsior comes on the top. A piece of burlap, tacked over the
top, completes the job.
The whole article is light, easy to handle, and the safest I know
anything of.
106 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
MECAPTERA OF THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES.*
By Geo. P. ENGELHARDT, Brooklyn, N. Y.
My reason for presenting a paper on the Order Mecaptera,
comprising the single family Panorpide—commonly known as
“Scorpion-flies”’—emanates from the capture last summer of
several specimens of an exceedingly interesting as well as curious
member of this order which found me in doubt as to its identity.
Before dealing with this particular capture it seems not out of
place to review briefly the several groups of Panorpide as repre-
sented in this part of the United States. Not very many species
will have to be considered.
While most of the textbooks on North American insects place
the Mecaptera as a sub-order of the Neuroptera, there is a tend-
ency to give them ordinal rank, as has been done by the late Dr.
John B. Smith in his last report on the “ Insects of New Jersey,”
where he expresses his belief that the Mecaptera are the ancestral
types from which the Hymenoptera and Diptera have developed.
In our region the order is represented by four genera, which
show a striking similarity between the species of each genus, but
also a dissimilarity, equally striking, between each of the genera.
The first genus, Panorpa, contains insects, fairly large, with slender
body, and narrow, net-veined wings, of normal aspect, excepting
for a curious abdominal appendage, peculiar to the males, which
ends in a forceps and is carried curved upward; in the second genus
Boreus we have rather diminutive insects, scarcely reaching 14
inch in length with the wings in the males rudimentary and in the
females entirely absent; the third genus Bittacus includes the
largest members of the family with body, wings and legs remark-
ably long and slender, giving them a close resemblance to the
Tipulidee, or so-called Craneflies, of the order Diptera; the single
species of the fourth and last genus Merope strongly suggests a
cockroach, were it not for the forceps-like appendage of the male,
which suggests an earwig. A character readily recognizable and
* Read before the New York Entomological Society, November 18, 1915.
Dec.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 107
present in all the members of the order is the more or less long
beak with the mouth parts attached to the end.
Concerning the habits of our species it seems strange that, while
the greater number are well known in the adult stage and may be
encountered in fair abundance, there is no record of a complete
life-history, as far as I am aware, of any species. Felt has pub-_
lished his observations on some very young stages of Panorpa
rufescens, but for a full account we still must refer to the writings
of Dr. Brauer of Vienna, who has recorded the life-histories of
some of the European species. According to this authority, deal-
ing with Panorpa communis of Europe, the male is polygamous.
Four days after pairing the female lays a few eggs in a mass,
situated in a shallow hole, which she bores with her long abdomen |
in damp earth. In a few days afterwards both male and female
die. The eggs, at first white and later brown, are rather large
for so small an insect. The larve hatch in eight days from the
time the eggs are deposited. They grow very rapidly, attaining
full size in about thirty days. The body is thick, fleshy, cylin-
drical, much like a caterpillar and beset with brown horny warts,
bearing short bristles. On the last three segments are cylindrical
tubercles, bearing long bristles. A point of much interest is that
besides the three pairs of jointed, horny feet, the larva also has
eight pairs of fleshy pro-legs, which correspond to the abdominal
pro-legs of caterpillars, though the latter are not known to pos-
sess more than five pairs of such legs. The head is rounded, and
not very large. In confinement the larva burrows in damp earth,
an inch deep, and lives on putrid meat and bread. Pupation
takes place in a cavity in the earth, the final transformation oc-
curring about two weeks later.
In a wild state the larve appear to subsist chiefly on decaying
animal matter. They have been observed feeding on dead or
dying caterpillars, on dead flies and wasps and have been found
living in ants’ nests, where, unmolested by the ants, they seem to
function as commensals or, more likely, scavengers. My own
experience has been almost entirely with the adults. I do recol-
lect finding larve at different times when turning stones and
logs, or when sifting among fallen leaves but have never at-
tempted raising them. Shady woods with a rich herbaceous
108 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
undergrowth, such as boneset, nettle, etc., and moist meadows or
the margins of streams and ponds appear to be their favorite
habitat.
The adults of Panorpa, Bittacus and Merope may be encoun-
tered from June to September, with the greatest abundance in
midsummer. The species of Borews, on the other hand, have
only been found from midwinter to early spring, usually leaping
about on the snow. While considered rare insects, when en-
countered at all, they generally occur in considerable numbers.
As regards food the adults of this family are said to be pre-
daceous upon other insects. In my own experience, without
special effort at investigation, I have found species of Panorpa
feeding during the day on decaying fruit and on molasses ap-
plied to trees for the purpose of attracting moths at night. How-
ever, it is safe to state that as\/adults or larve they areyonme
economic importance. Some of the species, especially of Panorpa,
emit through the beak a dark colored fluid of disagreeable odor
and, probably, disagreeable taste, which may serve as a protection
against attack.
In the New Jersey “Report on Insects” eleven species are
credited to the order, five lacking definite locality and date.
Further research no doubt will add considerably to this rather
small number; yet, even as it stands, the list represents at least
a beginning. The following list, incomplete as it must be, of the
Panorpide of the Eastern United States, should be of service, if
for no other purpose, than to call attention to its incompleteness,
for there certainly is in this family a fine field for interesting and
original work. I have consulted my own material, the collection
in the Brooklyn Museum, the Am. Museum of Natural History,
that of Mr. William T. Davis and Mr. E. L. Dickerson. The
review of the Panorpide of America North of Mexico by James
S. Hine has served as a basis and a number of species without
definite locality and date are cited on this authority alone.
Genus Panorpa Linnaeus.
My own material as well as that in the collection of the Brook-
lyn Museum has, for the greater part, been determined by Mr.
Dec.,1915 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 109
Nathan Banks, who also has named a number of species for Mr.
Davis, Mr. Dickerson and the American Museum of Natural
History.
1. Panorpa maculosa Hagen.
N. Y., Pa. (Hine) ; Pleasant Valley, Litchfield Co., Conn., VIII, 1, 1915;
Claremont, N. H., VIII, 10, 1911; Newfoundland, N. J., V, 30, 1910 (En-
gelhardt) ; West Point, N. Y., V, 13; Newfoundland, N. J., V, 30, 1910;
Ramapo Mts., N. Y., VII, 12; (Schaeffer, Brooklyn Mus. Coll.) ; Catskill
Mts., N. Y., VII, 26, 1907; Stowe, Vt., VI, 30, 1913 (Engelhardt, Brooklyn
Mus. Coll.) ; Essex Falls, N. J., VI, 14, 1910 (Nicolay, Brooklyn Mus.
Coll.) ; Staten Island, N. Y., VI, 5-24; Newfoundland, N. J., V, 1800;
Hopatcong, N. J., VII, 4, 1908; Red Rock, Luzerne Co., Pa., IX, 1, 1909;
Long Wood Valley, N. J., V, 25, 1910; Nyack, N. Y., VI, 11; Berkshire
Co., Mass., VII, 1888; Hewitt, N. J.. VII; Jamesburg, N. J., VII, 2; Ft.
Montgomery, N. Y., V, 31, 1908 (Davis) ; Rock City, N. Y., VI, 9, 1915;
Bear Swamp, Ramsay, N. J., VII, 10, 1910; Lake George, N. Y., VII, 10,
1907; Rockaway, N. J., VI, 17, 1908; New Brunswick, N. J., VII, 19;
Plainfield, N. J., VI, 27; Lake Hopatcong, N. J., VII, 6 (Am. Mus. Coll.) ;
@hester, N. J., VIII, 13 (E. L. Dickerson).
2. Panorpa nebulosa Westwood.
Ean. Y.,, (tine); Yaphank, L.-J, N.-Y., VI,20, 1911; Gt: Barrimetens
Mass., VI, 20, 1910 (Engelhardt) ; Sterling Forest, N. Y., V, 30 (Schaeffer,
Brooklyn Mus. Coll.) ; Staten Island, N. Y., VI, 26, 1906; West Point, N.
My Vie 10, 1913: Yaphank, i. 1, N: Y., VII, 25, 1908; Pinelawn, La Ly Ne
Y., VI, 15, 1907; Lakewood, N. J., VI, 26; Jamesburg, N. J., VI, 22; New-
foundland, N. J., VII, 4, 1903; Ramapo, N. Y., VI, 12; Half Way Hollow
Hills, L. I., N. Y., VII, 2, 1910 (Davis) ; Blue Hills, Mass.; Boston, Mass.;
Aston, Adirondack Mts., N. Y., VI, 12-19, 1901; Nyack, N. Y., VII, 2,
1883; Milltown, N. J., VI, 14; New Brunswick, N. J., VII, 19; Guymard,
N. J., VI, 9, 1910; Bear Swamp, Ramsay, N. J., VII, 10, r910 (Am. Mus.
Coll.).
3. Panorpa banksii Hine.
Type specimen from Sea Cliff, L. I., N. Y. (Hine).
4. Panorpa latipennis Hine.
N. Y. (Hine); Stowe, Vt. VI, 30, 1913 (Engelhardt; Brooklyn Mus.
Coll.) ; Hewitt, N. J., VI, 18, 1904 (Davis) ; Whiteface Mtn., Adirondack
Mts., N. Y., VII, 10, 1914; Rock City, N. Y., VI, 9, 1915; Aston, Adiron-
dack Mts., N. Y., VI, 12, 1901 (Am. Mus.).
5. Panorpa subfurcata Westwood.
N. Y., N. H. (Hine); Pleasant Valley, Litchfield Co., Conn., Wier
1915; Claremont, N. H., VI, 28, 1912 (Engelhardt) ; Pine Island, N. Y.,
110 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
VI, 19, 1912 (Schaeffer, Brooklyn Mus. Coll.); Stowe, Vt., VI, 22-30,
1913; Pittsfield, Vt., VII, 6, 1913 (Engelhardt, Brooklyn Mus. Coll.) ; Cen-
tral Pas EX) 1900) Ramsay. INS Ii Vii eas tore Elevwitt oN levee
1904; Ramapo, N.Y: Vl,a12; Sullivan Go, NoY. IX; McLean Nays.
25, 1915 (Davis) ; Brookfield, Conn., VII, 27 (Dickerson).
6. Panorpa signifer Banks.
Pa., N. Y. (Hine) ; East Jewett, Catskill Mts., N. Y., VIII, 7, 1914; Red
Rock, Luzerne Co., Pa., IX, 6, 1909; Whiteface Mtn., Adirondack Mts., N.
Wen \Vitierss ronda (Davas))r.
7. Panorpa venosa Westwood.
N. J., Pa., Md. (Hine); White Mills, Wayne Co., Pa. VIII, 2, 1909
(Doll, Brooklyn Mus. Coll.) ; Sparta, N. J., VII, 1886; Ramapo, N. Y., V,
31; Jamesburg, N. J., VII, 5; Dennisville, N. J., IX, 5, 1908; Staten Island,
Niey., VEI-IX; Takehurst oN: J. DX, 24; Ellx (Grove) Pa. xo siege.
Cold Spring, Ll. N; ¥.; VILL, 10, t900:) Promised) dy hay Ne wyegies
4, 1910; Yaphank, L..1., N. Y., VII, 1909; Pinelawn, L. 1, No Yo Viliaae
(Davis) ; White Mts., N. H.; Axton, Adirondack Mts., N. Y., VI, 12, 1911
(Am. Mus. Coll.).
8. Panorpa confusa Westwood.
Pa., N. Y., Md., Mass. (Hine) ; Ft. Montgomery, N. Y., VII, 26, 1907;
Long Island, N. Y., 1907 (Engelhardt) ; Manchester, Mass.; New Bruns-
wick, N. J., VII, 19 (Am. Mus. Coll.) ; Husted, N. J., VIII, 27 (Dickerson).
g. Panorpa rufescens Rambur.
NJ YSN. J.;°Pa., Md: (dine); Pleasant Valley; Litchteld }@o;mG@onme
EX)5; tors; Stowe, Vit, Vi, 22, 1013: Amagansett, Ey Ne ye Vile,
Tor; Vaphanks L. 1. Ne Y., Vl, 20; Tore, VL, zo) orm )(Eneeliiandiye
Catskill Mts., N. Y., VII, 26, 19007 (Engelhardt, Brooklyn Mus. Coll.) ;
Staten Island, N. Y., VI-VIII; Little Falls, N. J., VIII, 13, 1808; Bucka-
bear Pond: N. Ji, VIL, 3, 1806;Croton)sN: ¥., Vil, 25, 1890 Palisadesmine
Je Valie22- Elewatt Nj). Vill Rama powN ps Yin VEllllen aie silxotnsenyameN ae ee
VII, 19, 1908; Lakehurst, N. J., VI, 27; Elk Grove, Pa., IX, 9, 1909; Nyack,
N. ¥., Vij 11; Cold Spring, 1. 1, IN; Ye Vl) 20, 1900 Mapharnkouionmie
N.Y, VIL, 25,1008 (Dayas) = Blatbush; ‘Brooklyn, IN Ville aeticogae
Branford, Conn., VIII, 4, 1905; New Brunswick, N. J., VII, 19; Lake
Hopatcong, N. J., VII, 6; Alpine, N. Y., VII, 25, 1910 (Am. Mus. Coll.) ;
Chester. Neo.) VELL, ss (Ee Dickerson).
10. Panorpa canadensis Banks.
Mt. Washington, N. H. (Hine); Adirondack Mts., N. Y., VIII, 1807
(Davis).
Genus Boreus Latreille.
1. Boreus nivoriundus Fitch.
N. Y. (Hine) ; Ithaca, N. Y., XII, 18, 1898 (Am. Mus. Coll.).
=e ——
Dec., 1915 Builletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society it
2. Boreus brumalis Fitch.
N. Y. (Hine) ; Clove Valley, S.1., N. Y., XII, 17, 1887, on snow (Davis) ;
Weston, Mass., I, 17, 1915 (Mead, Brooklyn Mus. Coll.) ; Sea Cliff, L. L.,
N. Y. (Banks, Am. Mus. Coll.).
_ That not more records of Boreus in the vicinity of New York
have been obtained is because they have not been searched for at
the right season.
Genus Bittacus Latreille.
1. Bittacus apicalis Uhler.
N. Y. (Hine).
2. Bittacus occidentalis Walker.
Del., Pa., Md. (Hine) ; Cranford, N. J., VII, 27 (Davis) ; High Island, -
Md., VIII (Am. Mus. Coll.).
3. Bittacus stigmaterus Say.
Md) N. Y. (Hine).
4. Bittacus pilicornis Westwood.
Md, N. Y. (Hine).
5. Bittacus strigosus Hagen.
Wass, N-Y.,..Pa. (Hine); Hemlock Falls, N.-J.,. VI, 8, 19023 ‘Staten
lislandweN= 2, Vill, G=15), 1905, Cold; Spring: LE. 1. N. Y., VIL, 27, 1900
(Davis) ; Floral Park, L. I., N. Y., VI, 13, 1913 (Thurston, Davis Collec-
tion) ; Ithaca, N. Y., VIII, 1914; Pleasant Valley, Litchfield Co., Conn.,
VIII, 1, 15; High Ridge, Conn., VII, 18, 19015; Stowe, Vt., VI, 30, 1913, at
light; Oueens, L. I., N. Y., Vil, 1907; North Hector, N. Y., VIII, 1014
(Engelhardt) ; West Farms, New York City; Roxbury, Pa. VIII (Am.
Mus. Coll.). :
This species, when looked for in shady, moist woods, espe-
cially near the margins of brooks and streams is quite common.
By its slow, irregular flight, after a little experience, it can be
readily distinguished from the Tipulide.
Genus Merope. Newman.
Merope tuber Newman.
Me., Pa., N. Y. (Hine); Pleasant Valley, Litchfield Co., Conn., VII, 1,
VIII, 1, IX, 5, 1915, three females at light (Engelhardt) ; Black Moun-
tains, N. C. Male at light (Schaeffer, Brooklyn Mus. Coll.) ; Chester,
N. J. (Dickerson).
An interesting account of this singular insect, described by
Newman in 1838, is given by Dr. Asa Fitch in the 14th Report
112 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.X
of the New York State Agricultural Society. The first speci-
men was taken by Doubleday at Trenton Falls, N. Y., in 1837.
Subsequently it was reported by Hagen, 1861, from Berkeley
Springs, W. Va., and Pa. Fitch captured three specimens at
Salem, N. Y., the first, a female, VII. 16. 1853, the second, a
male, VII. 28. 1871, and the third a female VIII. 24. 1877. The
largest number of specimens have been taken in the vicinity of
Washington, D. C. The most southern record at present is
Black Mts., N. C. (Schaeffer) and the most northern Orono, Me.
(Hine). With few exceptions, all specimens were captured at
light. Though placed with the Panorpidz, the question whether
this species really belongs there is still in doubt. The record for
Connecticut appears to be the first one for that state.
DR: STAUDINGER & A. BANG-HAAS, Dresden-Blasewitz,
in their new Price List No. LVII. for 1914 (116 pag.), offer
more than 20,000 Species of well named Lepidoptera, set or in
papers, from all parts of the world, in finest condition ; 1,600
kinds of prepared larvae, etc. Separate price lists for Coleoptera
(30,000 species, 208 pag.), for Hymenoptera (3,600 species), Dip-
tera (2,900), Hemiptera (2,500), Orthoptera (1,200), Neuroptera
(630), Bzological Objects (300). Discount for cash orders. Prices
low. We sell no more living pupe. Extraordinarily cheap cen-
turtes and lots (List gratis). Fine species at very low prices.
Lots sent for selection.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
“SOCIETY.
Sent postpaid on receipt of price by A. C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park
Place, Brooklyn.. European Agent, W. Junk, Sachsischerstr. 68, Berlin,
W. I5.
THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomol-
ogy, by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by Ward’s Natural Science
Establishment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y., and other dealers.
MB DERMAL CITIG Eres retePo ier. ciate wig Ain la onsale ete oeieleteccler eters’ sie Saige e slelolae elejareahets 2.00
BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
Vols. I, 2 and 3 are out of print and will be bought at $2.50 each.
ser Anto. 7 Or SAlenat PE) VON cc's iv sae vie dine vscwae eeceeewheesmwele 1.25
Morte oof tae bulletin: (7) nos:) forsale aterht ss shen 1.40
Pome O.or. the Bulletin’ Gs, ti0s,)/ for sale vat. <..c.).:< sage snc amine 1.00
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 each 2.00
PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vol. 1 and 4, each ........ 2.00
Vols. 2 and 3 wanted at $3 each.
SCHAUPP, Synopsis of the Cicindelide, 5 col. plates ........... 1.00
OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera ........ 50
WEWeER ‘Checklist of the» Hemiptera, . .. csc cscs ccdsacessaus abeed 25
Odd numbers of missing volumes of Papilio and Bulletin wanted at
full prices.
OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA
WANTED.—Pupz of Papilio ajax and rutulus. Ward's Natural Sci-
ence Establishment, 84 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
All kinds of Chrysalids, Cocoons, and Pupz wanted in exchange for
North American lepidoptera. Address: Herman H. Brehme, 74 Thirteenth
Ave., Newark, N. J.
Florida Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells,
and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla.
WANTED.—No. Am. Cerambycide and Buprestide, especially Agrilus ;
will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above
families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass.
The undersigned will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey
species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey —Harry B. Weiss, 242
Raritan Ave., New Brunswick, N. J.
~ WANTED.—Transactions American Entomological Society, vol. IV.;
Entomological News, vol. II., nos. 6 and 10, or the whole volume.—Howard
L. Clark, Box 1142, Providence, R. I.
Fine specimens of the large Mantis, Paratenodera sinensis, collected
at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., offered in exchange for North Ameri-
can Lepidoptera—Philip Laurent, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.
I collect for cash local Insects in all Orders. Printed price list of
nearly 1,000 species Coleoptera in Henshaw Nos. A. H. Manee, Southern
Pines, IN. €.
WANTED.—North American Orthoptera from localities which are little
known or in which but little collecting has been done. Material from the
mountainous regions of the West particularly desired. M. Hebard, Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.
WANTED.—Sphingide from any part of the world. WHil purchase or
exchange. B. Preston Clark, 55 Kilby St., Room 35, Boston, Mass.
WANTED for cash or exchange.—Silphide and Lucanidz from all
localities in North America. J. W. Angell, 503 W. 176th St., New York
City.
FOR SALE at low prices.—A large number of species of Colombian
Lepidoptera, perfect and seconds. Also Canadian species. H. S. Parish,
81 Robert St., Toronto, Can.
WANTED for cash.—Ova of Catocale with or without parent moth.
Address George J. Keller, 191 Avon Ave., Newark, N. J.
WILL pay cash for Necrophorus sayi, hecate, melsheimeri, vespilloides,
and for specimens of any species with unusual markings or deformities.
R. M. Moore, M.D., 74 South Fitzhugh St., Rochester, N. Y.
THE BROOKLYN
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first
Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at 185
Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00.
OFFICERS, 1915
President
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
Vice-President
W. T. BATHER
Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
Recording Secretary
J. R. pe ta TORRE-BUENO
Treasurer
C. E. OLSEN
Librarian
A. C. WEEKS
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences
CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society
Published in
October, December, February, April and June of each year
Subscription price, domestic, $1.00 per year; foreign $1.25,
in advance; single copies 25 cents. Advertising rates on applica-
tion. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to ento-
mologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if
ordered in advance of publication, additional at cost. Address
subscriptions and al] communications to
R. P. DOW, Editor,
15 Broad Street, New York City.
eas
Pe EAE nae He
Ward’s Natural Science Establishment,
84-102 College Ave. ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Entomological supplies of every description, including the
only genuine hand made
Schmitt Insect Boxes, and the well known
American Entomological Company Insect Pins,
Our supply catalogue No. 30 will be sent free on application.
Entomological Specimens of all orders from every part of the
world.
Life Histories of Insects of Economic Importance and others;
Type or systematic collections of Insects from Boreal America;
Collections of beneficial and injurious insects; Collections of
Household, Garden, Orchard, Shade Tree and Forest Pests; also
illustrating Mimicry and Protective Coloration, and Dimorphism.
If interested write for the following circulars:
116 Biological Material for Dissection,
125 Life Histories of Economic Insects,
128 List of Living Pupae,
129 Exotic Lepidoptera, © i
130 North American Lepidoptera, i
131 Exotic Coleoptera,
132 North American Coleoptera,
143 Type Collections, also Collections illustrating
beneficial and injurious insects, different pests, Mimicry
and Protective coloration, and Dimorphism.
ans atts, a
Our complete Insect catalogue and pe of publications will
be sent on receipt of 25 cents.
‘el arp®.
ALON AE
9088 01262 6578