my bata he Maal the % & (ak 4 eee ett died eae Pr doe lo tedeld bes tedek et thee: Carron ae ap oonrtemes- Daren. sce te oriole tet te A tho dt law troe + Wee seater ce Reeder tear te ie ae Verses) deted 6-8-9 0:64: 075 25 te h28 | SbetS, one reece uh eet he abehe detod tried ed tothe het Pern curuner a eens ebro Lai omnes 8d te Rad ent deh oe a ee hatet ) adel whe dite < Pe laa Hh de Cerboe ed Ht the doth d debe dete fede uokd oboe Wideea 6: HO ee ft oe bet dea oy te Pubapl te eR petet ee fe Sanathnatt oem ncec a Pawan wy peed ped et ede ded ay et det ded ay eats Goal ant 4 bed eapetow) dat diititanetteien ” rane Pht et be be Hi laatt putt ae bet Wet ab ted ob eh athe tete@ 444 Vetrtetatahehnt bot pr esey eh pvr verre rer err wre rn aed ee aad rare eee Aten te ethcte tn ty belt Mvthe a) be behotints 40h + Ro: Peaabe “ jek eae Cir er Hote sheabeti aca nsbaan bed de ek ied My ‘% ig her icici. On tat ee hetetom ein ates y fiero vet cede frente cates wary Beseesctigttonitecseas ce pee shell Siiastearhed V deeded dott teh Ghent darde be a ieaen dds aed “ Doped Laie A ree ots bolted * eh te theuhe heat the fume ide! adieckak tial vnkers tae wt Mae peed hake ele fede sted te debe chested Ah Wyrer ye beociee mY te reece EL 4) lbs haga Obed tdoshet che fe ee a ae takes pot end ge hating - eo ee Nt Hy vt minseyd ach bet . freee aed hast date Meike Sr be tn are ant tehe Hadith Hai ae oe Riera fa %) ehear areca sabe eet sd ‘ we Sth ko tat 0 haeded err Hod teth teh te P (ey eo a Vibed dee + © Fy ate sen Debs grded bet # wren ies ad 4 ok Siieke fot aagitde Haden st! bebe ted (0M We hedeth thet ck beibeshe eh Gnd Onde doth Wes Bo #1 Joie es eal ahs be Ara Wade lh = 4 Gh Mt a al ll ieiealdoaadeie en Hh heehee nary ots aed tieaed ot be ted event ’ Wait @ heehee ore Pots ote pewter 4 unt Lhenare Cadre eapay ayer # dedee FANG she dette ite * A Ade hed Nears pride hehe ited Aad ante tet ir date dvi jb ane dow et Ae ' iititetgid iuiedsa detyiedeut Seanded fe bchnaot de sedebebed aad ae8 eee aT A acdoshs ab Mss cen deeds ibe the AM Doyteede ety rads thot boty pre tbe BME Sear bn by eo» Mair Gort Metled Hebe chee il Pe tb Geta Bid ed pleueiededs as shiictstaletat, tac toted te bb oti ri) oo gsbedoby oh ah he Orta bene, Wace 24h 4 Lote otek dtd de beth hohe Rod: tat eet be mee aie chil sets Hs baa 1 ae nee wd iene. fea eee nh a Wet: oY abst io Cure Boa elitr 9 whe tote wethe aa hott fos bo 8 4-9: hb thee doataed iabedy wed ba: (adr dwdtdel dete hd potetete ook thee betiet tte de sete eh Net hae 7 pert debe Git thee bok te tap ht oho oho of 4 cnet sdrbehue dee bathe ts doe tho get Geted Hedae-ted eh hh tee ee Salih dee sever ey vk +b baie dat a ih Hoth tide ss An ct as He) Heda dee ¢ Pat adie hee ah ite Senet peed Se aba thet # 9, he Pa ed an iprwt ft “4 meh Ppa alpenre ie and 3 ii af bee ke hetero yh hele th Rad. 6-0 bate Cote Ie Lotetiet. west 4 be of a ibpth. te al : 400 aad Y ¥ os ¥ oe bt hate bate irk Or es oe; vita? Pai ev yen or ns AER Wh tH t soe ore ; ee 08) bet he hod feitells boy Loto Sr te baths tow bint Me ert Sod ot + rere" ry ai ke ae * der ceebs ttelat Gotan a vats he Me Webs had oi ie Ma hee ri sated ee dod i eg Hs ? ab Nd ew A : {heed oG-F> satiate Bethe Wb . “ wre) h Lr if pty 8) Oe ere Met senrtp ett * fof s set de pf tote dal tod: vil Ht sie eaataeededet (dpa abel ods dng de Hobe Re eras Oops Woh R Had de bap abe * etednte de® ede aatetod 6 ide Ard BD Dota tt Ce nat Mote 5 ede ‘baat dnd db od ded: ied che pdodedl wil: dds gna f ob ci ee Pte bbe nhs Bank arte de 2 err) Jad dad dasha} wary chr ha the Bah ohn Gh ih Ad TMs de Rothe oad fh Ry abet he Hod a bree re WA Aud Aeifeded-siadeetl ded age ee eh oear Ay bate ds chee Qed ety ees fot} or elds does rhethed vee" +: Cee ee eee bas Parag Cr a Adie Mandl TR bed att y aM Medea oder tlk if fe wie bt ebeaes! Boia balay tae rer ie hel third hd ee tea ae Bebe ae dhol B dolby dH Re ald tered those Fade Halt is, oie SB ote aed se oe a det tt WA Faded r) ade ete ete fe rails Het bie haters ie te’ yy ue rege? et t rey aks ee Ee aL hy baal * te neh ae ss y A u ant th) Uae tripe de Ou todo one saat ewe ye) A ee ee eae Ale ee eo seiedeae we lead Aerial Por nmnenare my ir iene TM Ni re ery oe wet me Cae ee hark tL arte ded) bape SV PinPastin sfuseree ere a rr) : bth Seba ba Pheer Aa he Get Der We r bot inte bites od er iin i chee bod etesea toate 1 Ae Cod wi he bee MOMs is '< ow ve Prete e wp par, teal wer rep i eee he Rots dat ae —_— hate EE e ei anaes tnbenkcin a Atel 21 tof etat toteie’ vfathere itt Seed dn dake fae mae od ihre dl ode Ph phe eyelet Pte ert cern nee) Rennie ys de dods ‘ ito ena: vest ee sade Dds wade asks wig od A Bad a be eh ery ae sink. dedi tied ser dade Lo detall: ea Wav ron Mere ett Mee ra trate $95 Asai shed Perr aoe od Oe vichacahdyied fen iegeaatt rte Hirde dite ® ct W erie de det eS Oe es eee ee ek revi Tae A Leeda fis beds todd bide istieal Ae hath indeds ded Ment . What trthede days ehcp ot Ae dard ode De lble 2 EtS A hades ped ol ohh fell AB Me Gtdnbaste Windle dred nad deel Us etinhifh Us oPoes SHAAN Fn aedenedode +6 I mw ended hi 4 PW And abel bd Behl acodeded # Lob belied od oh oe bb ody ib ated dada Oia ck Jade heeds Als Magee » Gas Withee ithe hod bedi t ad Kesh re Shite hes Wet hah 48 aed (pirate a Pee ne Nes Gah bode lolded aati iped Dede ebtiede jn ta Sedat it sdaladed dowd 3 Adee belie Sab ind Abad hos beth ded Sndaherey Ar debe asal og i ibe it ae Oran Cet ao 2 A hs shea wards ale (Foe hag Geeks ibe tha tal eat Pe Dak aed ooh ae Lhe Nh nat a hadlsqeile Shed Hodat M deid doth dB br by Dalle Soieh } 4 te eB athe eo rank he 1g a Roel eed LAND iberat ooh co ah Ae ile te de take hed Onde te’ Daten iee as Me per he oe ekcicdsb- ete he bee ae nde Reals Corea Some of these forms, judging by the size of the pectoral spines, must have reached considerably larger proportions than the other Acanthodide, attaining a length of several feet. It has been suggested, also, that the spines known as Machera- canthus probably belonged to Acanthodians. This view is highly probable; indeed it may be regarded as almost established, in view of the close resemblance between certain of the smaller species of Mache- racanthus and the fin-spine of Acanthodians; and also the approxi- mation of some of the species to certain Gyracanthus spines. But as none of these spines has yet been found in natural association with the fish to which it belonged, there must still remain a slight uncer- tainty; and hence we follow the older view of placing the genus Macheracanthus among the Ichthyodorulites. 54 Woodward, A. S.: On a Carboniferous fish fauna from the Mansfield District, Victoria. Mem. National Mus., Melbourne, t, pp. 1-32, pls. i-xi, 1906. 55 Loc. cit., Pp. 3- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES i141 Acanthodes concinnus Whiteaves (Pl. 51, figs. 2, 4; text-fig. 50) Among the specimens collected by Mr. Bryant in the Upper De- vonic at Scaumenac Bay, Quebec, in 1915, is a large example of Acanthodes concinnus, 29 cm. in length. This is about twice the size of the largest specimen figured by Whiteaves,** and thus proves that the species attained much larger proportions than was hitherto supposed. ‘The species is readily distinguished by the scale ornamen- tation (PI. 51, fig. 2), and by the relatively weak spines. ar we —~ Fic. 50. Acanthodes concinnus Whiteaves. OUTLINE OF A NEARLY COMPLETE SHARK. X 4 All the fin-spines are present (although incompletely preserved), and apparently in their proper positions. a, anal fin-spine; d, dorsal; p, pectoral; v, ventral. The two fragments of spine seen in front of the pectorial spine are apparently parts of the fin-spine of the opposite side. Note the ray-like structure in the lower lobe of the caudal. E 2485 E 2485 A shark, 29 cm. in length (fig. 50), in side view, on shale. The ventral margin of the trunk was lost through the flaking out of a thin superficial layer of the rock; and the tip of the caudal for about 1 cm. is also missing. The mouth is widely opened. One pectoral fin-spine is the only spine completely preserved (Pl. 51, fig. 4). It is somewhat shifted from its natural position, and measures Ig mm. in length (incomplete at proximal end?). Ofthe other fin-spines only the proximal ends are preserved. The dorsal spine is inserted a little back of the middle of 56 Whiteaves, J. F.: Illustrations of the fossil fishes of the Devonian rocks of Canada. Part J. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, iv, 107, pl. x, figs. 1, ra, 1886; Part II, in vol. vi, pl. v, fig. 2, 1889. 142 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM the fish; the anal spine, slightly in front of the dorsal; the ventral spines, a little nearer the pectoral than the anal. The caudal had a long upper lobe; its lower lobe shows the impressions of a number of radials. The shagreen is well shown over most of the fish; its ornamentation (Pl. 51, fig. 2) agrees closely with that figured by Whiteaves.*’ In the caudal extremity, the scales of the lateral line are well shown. Upper Devonic; Scaumenac Bay, near Village of Migouasha, Quebec, Canada. Collected by W. L. Bryant, August, rors. Acanthodian Fin-spine E 2486 Asmall spine in matrix (PI. 51, fig. 3). Length as far as pre- served 18 mm.; width, 3 mm. There seems no doubt that this is an Acanthodian spine. Conodont bed (Lower Genesee); Eighteen Mile Creek, near North Evans, Erie County, N. Y. Collected by W. L. Bryant. Family GYRACANTHID Gyracanthus sarlei, n. sp. (Pl. 52, figs. 3-5) E 2487 Type.—Proximal half of a small spine, on a piece of shale. Length as far as preserved, 38 mm.; maximum width, 9. Formation and Locality.*>—Genesee shale; Canandaigua Lake, N. Y. Collected by Prof. Clifton J. Sarle. Spine small, 5 or 6 cm. in length. Cross-section an irregular oval, with its narrower side drawn out toa point. Sides ornamented with two sets of strie, forming V’s whose apices are on the rounded ridge running the length of the spine; the strie on the thin, wing side of the axis, long, smooth and very little inclined toward the axis, while the strize on cutwater side of spine are shorter, more or less wavy in places, ‘57 Loc. cit; Pl. x, fig. ra. 58 There was some uncertainty as to the horizon of this specimen, and we submitted it to Prof. A. W. Grabau, of Columbia University, for examination. He pronounced the matrix to be “‘undoubted Genesee shale.’”’ There are two specimens of Leiorhynchus quadricostatus on the same piece of rock. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 143 and form a large angle with the axis. Outer half of the thin, wing side of spine smooth, without ornamentation; on cutwater side ornamenta- tion extends clear to the margin. Named for Prof. Clifton J. Sarle of St. Lawrence University, Canton, N. Y., who collected this and other specimens now in the Buffalo Museum. Remarks.—This species differs from the three other American Devonic species known. It is closest to Gyracanthus primevus East- man,°’ from the Marcellus shale; which, however, besides being from a lower horizon, differs in several important points. In G. sarlei, the ornamentation extends clear to the cutwater margin, whereas in G. primevus there is ‘‘a smooth and highly polished enamelled band, adjacent to the front margin.” On the other hand, conditions are reversed as regards the ornamentation of the thin, wing margin; in G. sarlei the outer half of this margin is smooth and unornamented, whereas in G. primevus it is ornamented up to the edge. In G. sarlet moreover, the ornamental striz on the wing half of the spine are less inclined to the axis, being only the least bit off the true vertical, and there are no beadings or tuberculations on the striz adjacent to the inserted portion as in G. primevus. From Gyracanthus incurvus Traquair, from the Lower Devonic of Campbelltown, N. B., G. sarlei is distinguished by differences in ornamentation and other details. From G. sherwoodi Newberry, from the Chemung and Catskill of New York and Pennsylvania, it is distinguished by its smaller size, by the strie being much less inclined to the axis of the spine, and by the absence of tubercles or beading from them. It is worthy of note that Gyracanthus sarlei has considerable resem- blance to Macheracanthus, and if not for the distinctive Gyracanthus ornamentation, would be regarded asa species of this genus. Thus it has a Macheracanthus-like cross-section, and a smooth lateral wing, which thins out to a knife edge, as in this genus. It has long been known that Macheracanthus has much resemblance to Acanthodian spines; and the present specimen on the one hand, and Machera- canthus sulcatus (which has an ornamentation of lines running parallel with the axis of the spine) on the other, help to bridge the gap between these two genera. 59 Devonian fishes of Iowa, 114, and text-fig. 17, 1908. 60 For a figure of this species see Woodward, A. S.: On the Lower Devonic fish fauna of Camp- belltown, N. B. Geog. Mag., [3], viii, 1-6, pl. i. figs. 4-5, 1892. 144 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM Gyracanthus sp. (PI. 52, fig. 4) E 2489 A small, slender spine, imperfect at both ends, measuring 46 mm. as far as preserved. One face is rounded while the other has a sharp ridge running the length of the spine, somewhat nearer one margin than the other. It is ornamented with two series of fine lines forming a V- shaped arrangement, with the apices of the V’s on the ridge. The spine, from its form and ornamentation, undoubtedly represents a species of Gyracanthus; but as it may be an immature example, or possibly belongs to G. sarlei, it seems to us undesirable to give it a name at the present time. No doubt larger and better specimens will some day be discovered. Conodont bed (Genesee); Eighteen Mile Creek, near North Evans, Erie County, N. Y. Collected by W. L. Bryant. ITI. Ichthyotomt Genus Dittodus Owen* The teeth referred to the genus Diitodus belong to Pleuracanth sharks. It is probable that they represent a number of genera, con- sidering their great geological range and the fact that they come from such diverse localities and formations; it therefore seems desirable to retain Dittodus asa provisional genus rather than to refer all these teeth to the genera Pleuracanthus and Diacranodus. Dittodus priscus (Eastman) (Pl. 44, figs. 3, 3a, 3b; text-fig. 51) Diplodus priscus EASTMAN, Journ. Geol., vii, 490, pl. vii, figs. 1, 2. 1899. This species has hitherto been found only in a peculiar deposit® of Upper Devonic age near Elmhurst, Illinois. Associated with it is a second species, D. striatus, distinguished by having much finer stria- 6 As pointed out by O. P. Hay (Bibl. and Cat. Fossil Vert. N. A., p. 265), Diplodus is preoccupied and should be replaced by Dittodus Owen, which is an available synonym. ce 5 62 Weller, Stuart: A peculiar Devonian deposit in northeastern Illinois. Journ. Geol. vii, 483-488 3 figs, 1899. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 145 tions. Itis remarkable that the same two species should also be found associated in the Conodont bed at Eighteen Mile Creek. We have 17 teeth of D. priscus, some of them in splendid preserva- tion, showing the entire root, the median denticle and all the char- acters of the species. These specimens enable us to add somewhat to the account given by Eastman, who had available only imperfect specimens. In the first place, it should be observed that there is con- siderable variation in size among the teeth, some of the larger ones being twice as high as the smaller ones. Secondly, the ornamenta- tion, which consists of striz spiraling gently upward from base to tip of tooth, varies considerably in the number and prominence of the striz. Some teeth have seven or eight striz, others as many as a dozen or more. Frequently short striz are interpolated between the long ones in the basal portion of the tooth; or the striae may be Fic. 51. Dittodus priscus Eastman. THREE TEETH. NATURAL Size. E 1901 A, a typical Dittodus tooth, i.e., with two large lateral cones and an intermediate denticle. B, a tooth with the median denticle rather large and a minute denticle between it and each lateral cone. This tooth is of the form usually placed in the genus Phebodus. C, a tooth with rather large median denticle but no minute den- ticles between it and the lateral cones. This is also a Phaebodus type of tooth. reduced on the posterior face, sometimes to only a few short ones con- fined to the lateral margins. In all the specimens in hand, the central portion of the posterior face is perfectly smooth. Eastman described the teeth as round in section. From our series it appears that there was some variation in this regard; most of the teeth are slightly compressed, and some at least, have sharp lateral keels. There is also considerable variation in the height of the root, as viewed from in front. In some teeth it is less than the height of the median denticle, in others it is considerably more. The median denticle varies greatly in size in different teeth; it may be quite small, but generally it is large; in two or three examples it is nearly as large as the lateral cones (fig. 51, C). There may be, too, minute denticles between the medium and the lateral cones, producing teeth that if found alone would undoubtedly be ascribed to the genus Phebodus. 146 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM E 1901 Nine teeth, varying from 10 to 13 mm. (15 if restored) in height from lower margin of base to apex of principal cones. One shows the complete root with the ‘‘button;” another, which lacks the distal halves of the cones and the posterior portion of the root, has a large central denticle, nearly as large as the principal cones. This tooth is of the kind usually referred to the genus Phe- Sodus; but there can be no question that it is of the same species as the other teeth in thislot. The ornamentation is nearly effaced, but it was apparently similar to that in the other teeth. Another tooth lacks all trace of a median denticle; and still another, has a minute denticle on either side, between the median and the lateral cones. Conodont bed (L. Genesee); Eighteen Mile Creek, near North Evans, Erie County, N. Y. Collected by W. ' L. Bryant. E 1902 Seven teeth, from 9 to 14 mm. in height; 5 have the root well preserved. These teeth have finer striations than the preceding. Other data same as preceding. E 2490 One cone with portion of the root of a large tooth, in matrix. Other data same as preceding. Dittodus striatus (Eastman) Diplodus striatus EASTMAN, Journ. Geol., vii, 490, pl. vii, figs. 3, 4. 1899. This species occurs in the Conodont bed associated with D. priscus, but it is very much rarer, there being only a single specimen in the collection. The species was originally described from ‘‘only a few fragmentary specimens,” and was stated to attain about twice the size of D. priscus. Our specimen is a perfect tooth, and smaller than large examples of D. priscus. It is distinguished from the latter more especially by the much finer and much more numerous strie. In our specimen the striz are not so strongly curved around the tooth. as in the type figured by Eastman.®* However, as there, no doubt, was variation in this regard, and since our specimen so closely agrees 63 V. Y. State Mus., Mem., ro, pl. i, fig. 11. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 147 with the description and figures of the type, we do not hesitate to refer it to D. striatus. E 2491 A complete tooth. Total height, 5.5 mm.; width of base, 6; antero-posterior diameter of base, 4.5. Conodont bed, (Genesee), Eighteen Mile Creek, near North Evans, Erie County, N. Y. Collected by W. L. Bryant. Dittodus grabaui, n. sp. (Text-fig. 52) E 1910 Cotypes.—Five small teeth, free of matrix. Formation and Locality —Conodont Bed (Lower Genesee) ; Eighteen Mile Creek, near North Evans, Erie County, N. Y. Collected by W. L. Bryant. Teeth small, 2 to 3 mm. in height, with two or three principal cones, and usually a minute denticle between the median and each outer cone. All cones perfectly smooth, without striations on either the inner or outer face. Root, viewed from in front, broader than high, its height to base of median denticle slightly less than height of outer cones; expanded downward at external margins; a ‘‘button”’ present. Remarks.—Of this species we have a series of about 50 teeth. Although unquestionably all of one species, they show considerable variation in the size and number of denticles, so that one may arrange them into a progressive series leading from Dittodus at one extreme, to Phebodus at the other. The first stage (fig. 52, A) is a typical Dztto- dus tooth with two principal cones and a smaller denticle between them; the next is a stage with the median denticle somewhat enlarged; the next (fig. 52, C) is like the preceding but with a minute denticle between the median cone and each of the outer cones. Finally we have a tooth (fig. 52, Z) with three principal cones, the median one being also enlarged, and a pair of minute denticles between the median and each of the outer cones; in other words a Phebodus tooth. (Not as well shown in figure 52, EH, as in some other specimens in the collection.) This series demonstrates clearly that Phebodus merges into Dittodus. From the studies of Fritsch, also, it is known that in the Pleura- 84 Fauna der Gaskohle und der Kalksteine der Permformation Bohmens, vol, iii, pl. xciv, fig.1 (Pleura- canthus parallelus Fr.), 1895. 148 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM canthide the small teeth at the angles of the jaws, and those on the gill-bars, were not of the Dittodus form, but had 3, 4 or more cones of about equal size. Some of these were of the form usually referred te Phebodus, although unquestionably Pleuracanth as shown by their position in the mouth ofa Pleuracanth. Then, too, there are species of Diitodus on record that have more than the usual two large cones—for instance, Dittodus duplicatus (Newberry and Worthen),® which has sub-equal denticles; and there are two species, mentioned by Agassiz in his Poissons Fossiles, one with four,® and the other with five denticles. From this it appears that teeth which could be referred to Phebodus occur associated with Dzttodus in the dentition of one fish. And from all the specimens in hand it appears that a progressive series may ee Dye E ne Fic. 52. Dittodus grabaui,n.sp. COTYPES. X ABOUT 4 A and B, show a large median denticle. Cand E, show minute denticles between the median and lateral denticles. D, shows root with the ‘‘button.” be arranged, leading by insensible stages from the one genus to the other. Most Phebodus species, it would seem, can be merged in the genus Dittodus. The name Phebodus should therefore be retained as a provisional genus only, for teeth of which there is not a sufficient number of specimens to prove their gradation into Ditiodus. The species is named in honor of Prof. A. W. Grabau, Professor of Paleontology in Columbia University, as a token of our admiration for his tireless devotion to paleontology, as well as to commemorate his valuable work on the geology and paleontology of Eighteen Mile Creek. % Geol. Survey Illinois, ii, Paleontology, 61, tel iv, 1S 3, 34, 1866. 8 Dittodus minutus. —Poissons Fos., iii, p]. xxiib, fig. 7 87 Tbzd., iii, p. 204. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 149 Dittodus sp. E 2028 One tooth, 6 mm. in height, on a piece of black shale. It consists of two cones without a median denticle (perhaps broken away?). The surface of the cones bears a few faint vertical striations, and the tooth may possibly belong in D. priscus. The root is injured. Rhinestreet shale; shore of Lake Erie, near Sturgeon Point, New York. E 2559 One tooth with fragments of others, somewhat weathered. The ornamentation, if any there was, has entirely dis- appeared, but in size these teeth are comparable with D. priscus. Pyrite layer of the Tully horizon, Cazenovia Creek, near Springbrook, N. Y. Collected by W. L. Bryant. IV. Euselachit Family PETALODONTID/A Petalodus ohioensis Safford®® E 2087 One tooth. Bituminous coal series; Northwestern Penn- sylvania. Carll collection. Family PSAMMODONTID: Psammodus angularis Newberry & Worthen E 2492 One tooth. Chester limestone? Illinois. Helodus rugosus Newberry and Worthen E 2080 One tooth. Carbonic; Crawford County, Pennsylvania. Carll collection E 2081 One tooth. Carbonic; Franklin, Venango County, Penn- sylvania. Carll collection. 88 For synonymy of this and the following species, see Hay, O. P.: Bibl. and Catal. Fos. Vert. N. A., 1902, p. 278, et passim. 150 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM Family COCHLIODONTID Synthetodus calvini Eastman (PI..55, figs. 2, 2) Undescribed dipnoan dental plate—Easrman, N. Y. State Mus., Mem. x, 203 pl. iv, fig. 15. 10907. Synthetodus calvini EASTMAN, Iowa Geol. Surv., xviii, 233, pl. ii, fig. 19; pls. x, xi [in part], xii. 1908. This species is represented by a single dental plate from the Conodont bed, measuring 46 by 37 mm. (PI. 55, figs. 1, 2). It agrees well with Eastman’s figure of the type (Devonic Fishes of Iowa, Pl. ii, fig. 19), and more especially with his specimen figured in Plate xii, figure rs. The latter figure, which represents a somewhat smaller specimen than ours, might almost have been drawn from ours. The occurrence of this species in the Conodont bed, is of consider- able interest, as it gives us a second species—the other being Péyc- todus calceolus—common to this formation and the State Quarry Beds (Upper Devonic) of Iowa. As regards the nature of these synthetodont elements, which have been described as two species—Synthetodus calvini with a single boss, and_S. érisulcatus with a tripartite division of the wearing surface —we find ourselves unable to concur in the opinion of Eastman that they represent dipnoans. ‘That they are dental plates admits of no doubt; but the dental plates of dipnoans, with their radiating ridges, or rows of tubercles, are among the most distinctive objects known to the ichthyologist; and the present elements are clearly not of that type. They may rather be compared with certain shark dental plates, such as those of Helodus. Each element is a flattened plate (PI. .55, fig. 2), from one face of which rises a boss or tubercle which functioned in triturating, as shown by its wear. And the entire face is covered with a shining enamel (a little worn down on the functional portion), which is sprinkled with small puncte, such as are seen on the pavement dental plates of various sharks, e. g., Helodus. The other face (Pl. 55, fig. 1) of the dental plate consists of bony tissue, rough- - ened with small depressions and postules, and obviously was the side that was set in cartilage, or other soft, nutrient tissue. Moreover, the elements of both Synthetodus calvini, with their single, central boss, and of S. ¢risulcatus, with their tripartite tritor, are bilaterally symmetrical, and there are no rights and lefts among BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 151 them as would be expected if they were comparable with the usual palatine and splenial dental plates of dipnoans. On the other hand, they are not of the form to compare with dipnoan plates like Pale- daphus, in which the upper and the lower dental elements are united into single symmetrical plates. The synthetodont elements rather give the impression of belonging to some sort of dental pavement such as is found in certain Paleozoic sharks. We may mention here that it seems to us also, that the dental plates from the Upper Devonic of Iowa, referred by Eastman® to McCoy’s genus Conchodus, are also not dipnoan, for they show neither rows of tubercles nor ridges. And their small, postero-lateral pro- longation regarded by Eastman as the vestige of a dipnoan denticled ridge, is nothing more than the postero-lateral termination found in many forms of grinding shark teeth, for instance, in Deltodus. The Conchodus elements may belong to the same pavement as the synthetodont plates. To conclude, from the evidence at hand the dental plates named Synthetodus do not show the characteristic structure of dipnoan dental plates. They lack the dipnoan radiating ridges or rows of tubercles. Their bilaterally symmetrical form, large central boss (or its equiva- lent, the tripartite division of the wearing area), are features strongly suggestive of certain shark pavement teeth, e. g., Helodus. And, for the present Synthetodus may, provisionally at least, be placed in the shark family Cochliodontide. E 2017 An imperfect dental plate from the center of which rises a large smooth boss (Pl. 55, figs. 1, 2). The surface is highly polished and covered with a scattering of small puncte. ‘The under side is roughened with depressions and pustules. Conodont bed (Genesee); Eighteen Mile Creek, near North Evans, Erie County, N. Y. Collected by W. L. Bryant. Acmoniodus clarkei, n. gen., n. sp. (Pl. 55, fig. 3; text-fig. 53) One of the most peculiar fish remains in the collection is the speci- men from the Conodont bed at Eighteen Mile Creek, represented in Plate 55, figure 3, and in text-figure 53. Itis clearly a dental element, 89 Devonian fishes of Iowa, 228-229, 1908. » S52 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM but unlike any other known to us, and we describe it here as a new genus. E 2575 Type.—a large dental plate (Pl. 55, fig. 3). Formation and Locality.—Conodont bed (Lower Genesee) ; Eighteen Mile Creek, near North Evans, Erie County, N. Y. Collected by W. L. Bryant. Fic. 53. Acmoniodus clarkei, n. gen., n. sp. OUTLINE OF TYPE SPECIMEN TO SHow Form oF THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TRITORS. (See Pl. 55, Fic. 3.) X%. E 2575 A large, symmetrical dental plate, having the outline shown in figure 53; with two tritors in the median line, one at the anterior, or front end of the plate, the other occupying the posterior third of the element. Anterior tritor elliptical in outline, with the long diameter in the antero-posterior line of the element; not demarcated from rest of plate but merging gently into it; its upper surface covered with a shining, enamel-like substance and worn by use. On either side of posterior half of front tritor, a shallow depression in the bone, appar- ently produced by an upper apposing tritor. Posterior tritor shaped like the median-occipital of a dinichtbyid, its anterior margin exca- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 15S vated and shorter than posterior one; occupying about one-third the total area of the dental element. Measurements: : mm. Length, antero-posteriorly in middle line............. 112 Greatest width (estimated) :o0 y-5 deem eee Fess II4 Heng thiotantertorstrtone aq. seis teers cl eters ee Ao Wadthyoitanteriomtritor: ei. ose eee eels loa 20 [Akmonion, a little anvil; odous, tooth.] It gives us great pleasure to name this species for Dr. John M. Clarke, Director of the State Museum and of the Geological Survey of the State of New York. Family ORODONTID Orodus devonicus, n. sp. (Pl. 44, fig. 4) E 1903 Type.—A tooth, 16.5 mm. broad by to mm. long (ie. antero-posterior diameter). Formation and Locality—Conodont bed (Genesee); Eighteen Mile Creek, near North Evans, Erie County, New York. Collected by W. L. Bryant. Tooth small, its length (antero-posteriorly) about 2 its width. Crown with three low, obtuse denticles, the middle one twice the size of the outer ones; lateral denticles directed forward and outward. Anterior faces ofall denticles smooth; posterior and lateral faces covered with fine, raised lines which do not reach to the apices. No puncte on denticles. Root of the usual orodont form, shelving back- ward. from underneath the front margin of denticles and terminating posteriorly in a straight edge; thickest underneath posterior face of denticles. : Remarks.—Teeth of Orodus are common in the Carbonic, and especially abundant in the Lower Carbonic, but they are exceedingly rare in Devonic formations. In fact there is only a single species known from'the Devonic—Orodus elegantulus Newberry—from the Cleveland shale of Ohio, and even this formation is regarded by some authors as of Waverlyan (Lower Carbonic) and not Devonic age. For this reason the present species from the Conodont bed, is of great 154 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM interest, as it proves beyond doubt that Orvodus occurred in the De- vonic; and that sharks with a grinding dentition suitable for feeding on hard food existed contemporaneously with the predaceous clado- dont-toothed sharks,—Cladoselache, Cladodus and Ctenacanthus. Orodus devonicus is distinguished from other American species by its low, obtuse denticles, by their style of ornamentation, and by the general proportions and symmetry of the tooth. Family HETERODONTIDA [Port Jackson Sharks] Hybodus reticulatus Agassiz E 2495 A large fin-spine, 29.5 cm. in length; maximum width, 3 mm. Liassic; Lyme Regis, England. Family LAMNID# [Porbeagle, Mackerel and Great White Sharks] Lamna gracilis Agassiz E 2141 Three teeth. Eocene; S. Carolina. Odontaspis cuspidata (Agassiz) E 2142 Two teeth. Eocene; S. Carolina. Isurus desorii (Agassiz) E 2137 Threeteeth. Eocene; S. Carolina. E 2138 One tooth. Eocene; Florida. Ottomar Reinecke. Isurus hastalis (Agassiz) E 2134 Eight teeth. Eocene; Sienna, Italy. E 2135 Two teeth. Eocene; S. Carolina. E 2136 One tooth. Eocene; Florida, Gttomar Reinecke. Carcharodon auriculatus (Blainville) E 2133 Six teeth. Eocene; Ashley River, S. Carolina. Presented by Roswell H. Johnson. E 2131 E 2132 E 2144 E 2139 E 2140 E 2145 E 2146 E 2127 wn BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES LS Carcharodon megalodon Agassiz Thirteen teeth, the largest 15 cm. in height by 11.5 cm. in greatest width. Eocene; Ashley River, S. Carolina. One tooth. Eocene; Sienna, Italy. Family CARCHARINID [Dusky Shark, Tiger Shark, etc.] Galeocerdo levissimus Cope One tooth. Miocene; Charles County, Maryland. Hemipristis serra Agassiz Four teeth. Eocene; Ashley River, S. Carolina. Three teeth. Eocene; Phosphate beds, Western Florida, Presented by Ottomar Reinecke. Family SPHYRNIDA [Hammer-head Sharks] Sphyrna magna Cope One tooth. Miocene; Charles County, Maryland. Shark Vertebra Vertebral centrum. Eocene; Phosphate beds, Western part of Florida. Presented by Ottomar Reinecke. Family PTYCHODONTIDA: Hemiptychodus mortoni (Mantell) Two teeth. Niobrara (Cretacic); Monument Station, Gove County, Kansas. Family SQUATINID [Monk or Angel Fishes] 156 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM Squatina alifera (Miinster) E 2162 Cast of a fish. Lithographic slate (Upper Jurassic); Eichstadt, Bavaria. Squatina speciosa von Meyr E 2161 Cast of the skeleton of a fish ona slab. Lithographic slate (Upper Jurassic); Eichstadt, Bavaria. ICHTHYODORULITES Acondylacanthus equicostatus St. John and Worthen. E 2500 Spine 150 mm. in length, lacking the inserted portion, and II mm. in extreme width. One of the lateral faces is imbedded in the limestone matrix, the other is exposed. The posterior face shows the deeply excavated pulp cavity, bordered by the double row of hooked denticles, which are present for a distance of 113 mm. below the apex. Each lateral faceis ornamented by eleven smooth, polished coste. Keokuk limestone; Warsaw, Illinois? Purchased, IQI5. Anodontacanthus pusillus, n. sp. (Pl. 44, fig. 2) E 1915 Type.—A small spine lacking the distal extremity. Length 14mm. (when complete about 20); greatest width 4 mm. Formation and Locality—Conodont bed (Genesee); Eighteen Mile Creek, near North Evans, Erie County, N. Y. Collected by W. L. Bryant. Spine small, straight, gently tapering. Cross-section broadly ellip- tical toward proximal end, subcircular toward distal end.. Pulp cavity completely enclosed, its diameter at proximal extremity of preserved portion one-fifth the diameter of the entire cross-section. External surface incised with longitudinal lines of various lengths, somewhat irregular in direction and occasionally anastomosing. No denticles. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 157 Remarks.—The genus Anodontacanthus was established by J. W. Davis in 1881” for certain peculiar spines from the Coal Measures of England and Scotland, distinguished by (1) the absence of denticles from the posterior margin; (2) by their straight, tapering form; and (3) their subelliptical to subcircular cross section. A second species was described by Fritsch, in 1889," from the Permian of Bohemia (under the name of Platyacanthus ventricosus), and a third by Hussa- kof, in 1911,” from the Permian of Texas. The genus, therefore, had a wide geographical as well as geological distribution. The present species is the first record of it from the Devonic. These spines are probably head spines of Pleuracanth sharks, and it is not surprising therefore to find them represented in the Devonic, and particularly in the Conodont bed, since teeth of three species of Pleuracanth sharks (Dittodus) occur in this formation. From the previously known species, the present one is distinguished by its very small size, by differences in cross-section, and by the orna- mentation of incised lines, which are stronger and more irregular than in the other species, and by the absence of pittings in the striations. Genus Atopacanthus, n. gen. In 1913 Hussakof’* described an ichthyodorulite remarkable for its very large denticles, or teeth, along one margin. The species did not fit into any known genus; and since all three specimens in hand were imperfect, it was thought inadvisable to base a new genus upon them. In view of the large size of the denticles and the thinness of the spine itself, the specimens were provisionally placed in the genus A pateacanthus, a genus known only by a unique spine from the De- vonic of New York State—A. vetustus (Clarke). Among the specimens from the Rhinestreet Shale in the Buffalo Museum, there is a spine of the same character; it throws a little light on these curious elements and enables us to frame a generic definition for them. The specimen (fig. 54, 4) is an elongated, spine-shaped element, narrowly elliptical in cross-section, with three teeth preserved along 70 On Anodontacanthus, anew genus of fossil fishes from the Coal Measures; with descriptions of three new species. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., xxxvii ,427, pl. 22, figs. 10-12. ithe Benian tie op Galata eae u iGnaae pl, 86, fg. 5. and pisces of the Permian of North America.” Eel No. 146, Carnegie Institution Washington, p. 162, pl. 26, figs. 5, 5B. 78Hussakof, L.: Description of four new Paleozoic fishes from North Aitericn, > Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxii, 245-250, pl. xlvii, 1913. 158 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM one margin. The bone itself of the element is also present (not as in the three specimens mentioned above). The teeth are compressed cones, higher than the width of the supporting element, pointed, and compressed in the plane of the element. They bear a few stria- tions in the basal half, somewhat like the teeth of Holoptychius; and one tooth that is broken across shows that they have a large pulp cavity. | Taken all in all, the specimen suggests a mandible or other. jaw element with teeth, rather thana spine. But the element is narrower in proportion to the height of the teeth than in any mandible known to us. Perhaps it is comparable with such elements as Edestus, or the intermandibular series of teeth and their supporting bone in Onychodus. ‘The present specimen seems to us to belong to a Teleostome, rather than a shark; and may have held a median, inter- mandibular position. This view finds some support in the fact that the teeth are striated, reminding one of Crossopterygian teeth. We propose the generic name Atopacanthus for this element (atopos, strange, odd, eccentric; acantha, spine, thorn). The three elements referred to above as described by Hussakof in 1913 under the name A pateacanthus peculiaris, belong in the same genus, and should henceforth be known as Atopacanthus peculiaris. Atopacanthus dentatus, n. gen., n. sp. (Text-fig. 54, A) E 2496 Typfe—A fragmentary, narrow, compressed spine bearing three large teeth along one margin. Length, as far as preserved, 38 mm. (An additional 14 mm. is indicated by impression in the matrix.) Formation and Locality.—Rhinestreet shale (Portage); forks of Eighteen Mile Creek, near Hamburg, N. Y. Collected by W. L. Bryant. Body of spine, slender, bearing along one margin large, conical, compressed teeth, at right angles to the axis of the element. Unden- ticled margin not perfectly straight but with a few very slight con- vexities at short distances. Cross-section of element narrowly ellip- tical. Teeth relatively large, increasing progressively in size in the direction of the narrower end of the element; teeth with pulp cavity, BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 159 and the outer face striated. Height of largest of the three teeth preserved in type specimen greater than width of element in region of this tooth. Teeth well separated but distance between adjacent teeth less than width of one of the teeth. Spine ornamented with a few longitudinal striations (mostly worn off in the type specimen). Remarks.—This species is distinguishable at a glance from A patea- canthus vetustus (Clarke), by the fact that the teeth are vertical instead of inclined. From A. peculiaris (Hussakof) the present species differs in the teeth being narrower in proportion to their height, and in being strongly striated. It is possible, however, that in the latter Fic. 54. A, Atopacanthus dentatus,n.gen.,n.spec. TYPE, NATURAL SIZE. E 24096. B, Atopacanthus peculiaris (Hussakof.) For ComMPpARISON; REVERSED Ricut To LEFT. species, perfect specimens showing the external surface of the teeth, not merely their impression, would also show the teeth to have been striated. Ctenacanthus nodocostatus, n. sp. @iicie tigen) E 2083 Zype.—Impression in sandstone of a complete spine, 17 cm. in length. Formation and Locality —Yellow sandstone above ‘‘Second Moun- tain Sandstone” (Catskill); 4 miles South of Pleasantville, Venango County, Pa. Collected by J. F. Carll. Spine of medium size, gently arcuate, with a large inserted portion, occupying about } the entire length of the spine. Lateral faces orna- 160 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM mented with about 23 ridges, each composed of beads which are some- what triangular in outline, with their apices directed downward, and generally, each apex covered by the base of the triangle below. The beading reduced or entirely absent from some ridges, particularly on the posterior half of the spine, where the ridges are almost smooth, and much finer than on the anterior part. Spaces between adjacent ridges, in middle part of spine, greater. than width of a ridge. Line of demarcation between inserted and ornamented portions making an angle of 45 degrees with front margin of spine. Inserted portion with faint vertical striations and incisions. Posterior margin of each lateral face with a row of a small denticles directed somewhat down- ward. Remarks.—This ctenacanth spine seems to be the first recorded from a Catskill horizon, if indeed the determination of the horizon in the old record be correct. The spine differs from all others by the peculiarities of the ornamentation referred to above, and may be recognized at a glance by the fact that the beading is absent entirely from some of the ridges and also from other spots on the spine, so that the smooth ridges and parts of ridges stand out clearly. We have found one specimen with which the present one may be compared. ‘This is the impression of the anterior half of a spine from the Hamilton, 13 miles northeast of Pomeroy, Onondaga County, N. Y. (No. 874 Newb. Coll., Amer. Mus.) The specimen represents a spine considerably larger than the type. None the less, its style of ornamentation is so like that of the present species that we have no hesitation in referring it to it. Ctenacanthus nodocostatus therefore ranged from the Middle Devonic (Hamilton) to the top of the Devonic (Catskill). This imperfect specimen, in the Newberry collection, bears a label in Newberry’s hand, reading Ctenacanthus compressus Newberry. It is obvious, however, on comparison of the specimen with the type of C. compressus and with another fine spine of the latter species, both in the Newberry collection, that the present spine is very different, and represents a distinct species. It appears probable that Newberry did not make a squeeze of the impression, but compared the impression directly, and this, superficially, re- sembles the ornamented face of C. compressus. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 161 Ctenacanthus wrighti Newberry (RIES 2a tien 2) This species has hitherto been known only by the type specimen,” a large, well-preserved spine from the Hamilton (Mid. Devonic) of Yates County, N. Y. (No. 352 Newb. Coll., Amer. Mus.) Several fragments of spines in the Buffalo Museum seem from their ornamentation to belong to this species. They are from the Conodont bed at Eighteen Mile Creek, N. Y., and were collected by W. L. Bryant. They thus extend the range of this species into the Genesee. E 1904 Two fragments of spines with the ornamentation well pre- served (Pl. 52, fig. 2). One of them agrees quite closely with the ornamentation of the type specimen. E 2497 Fragment of a spine on a thin slab of rock together with numerous small fragments of Arthrodire plates, and several teeth. Ctenacanthus sp. E 2498 Fragment of a spine ornamented with rows of beads, each an elevated, transversely elongated tubercle with the upper margin smooth, somewhat beveled, the lower mar- gin with strong pectinations; the whole bead resembling the form of a Pecten shell. This fragment probably represents a new species, but we do not wish to name it until a more or less complete spine, or at any rate a por- tion of a spine showing the size, form and number of ornamented ridges, is found. Conodont bed (Genesee); Eighteen Mile Creek, near N. Evans, Erie County, N. Y. Collected by W. L. Bryant. Cyrtacanthus dentatus? Newberry (Text-fig. 55) This species was based by Newberry on a spine of the kind now regarded as head spines, from their resemblance to the frontal claspers “4 N.Y. State Mus., 35th Rep., 1884, p. 206, pl. xvi, figs. 12-14; Paleoz. Fishes, N. A., p. 66, pl. xxvi, figs. 4, 4a, 4b. 162 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM of Chimeroids. The type specimen is preserved in the American Museum, and so far as known, it is the only specimen of the species ever discovered. Fic. 55. A, Cyriacanthus? OUTLINE OF SPINE LABELED BY NEWBERRY: ‘‘Cyrtacan- thus dentatus? N.” NATURAL SizE. E 1855 Onondaga limestone; Buffalo, N. Y. 55. B, Cyrtacanthus dentatus NEWBERRY. OUTLINE OF THE TYPE, NATURAL SIZE Delaware limestone; Ohio. (Original in the Newberry Coll., Amer. Mus.) E 1855 In the Buffalo Museum there is a portion of a spine (fig. 55, A) having some resemblance to the distal half of the type of C. dentatus. It was collected by Mr. F. K. Mixer, from the Onondaga limestone of Buffalo. The specimen was examined by Newberry, for it bears a label in his hand, reading, ‘‘Cyrtacanthus dentatus? N. Cyrta- canthus is probably one arm of a forked spine belonging Co BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 163 to Agassiz’s genus Cladacanthus.” For comparison, an outline figure of the type of Cyrtacanthus dentatus (fig. 55, B) is given side by side with that of the present specimen. The Buffalo specimen undoubtedly has a resemblance to New- berry’s type, but it cannot be unreservedly regarded as of that species. The denticles on the incurved margin are,absent, although one or two blunt protuberances suggest weathered denticles; and the outer sur- face near the distal extremity is not ornamented with tubercles as in the type. But on the whole the spine is more like the distal end of the type of C. dentatus than any other ichthyodorulite, and it is best to leave it in that species as was done by Newberry. Additional material illustrating the species is much to be desired. As regards the affinities of Cyrtacanthus: it represents either a head spine, as stated above, or an unpaired spine placed in the median line of the fish. Newberry thought, as expressed in his note on the label of the Buffalo specimen, that Cyrtacanchus is probably one arm of the spine known as Cladacanthus. If we bear in mind that Cladacanthus is a synonym for Erismacanthus, this opinion is about all that one may express even at the present time; for Cyrtacanthus undoubtedly belongs in the group of head or median spines which includes Eris- macanthus, Harpacanthus and allied forms. Edestus minor Newberry E 2153 Cast of a series of six teeth, attached to their supporting element. Coal Measures: Indiana. (History of specimen un- known.) Genus Gamphacanthus S. A. Miller” Heteracanthus, J. S. NEwBERRY, Paleoz. Fishes N. Amer., 66, 1889, |preoccupied]- Gamphacanthus, S. A. Miter, First Appendix [to N. Amer. Geol. and Pal.] 715, 1892. 75 In a paper published after the above was already in the hands of the printers, Eastman ( Proc U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 52, p. 244, 1917) employs the name Heteracanthus for Gamphacanthus. There seems to us no valid reason for doing so. Heteracanthus is clearly preoccupied. This was shown as long ago as 1892, by S. A. Miller, who proposed Gamphacanthus to replace it, which name,wa accepted by O. P. Hay in his Bzbl. and Cat. Fos. Vert. N. Amer., 1902 (p. 332). The fact thatt h relationship of these spines is at present unknown and they must be placed under the head of Ich thyodorulites, does not affect the matter of thename. If a generic name is applied it is amenable to the rule of priority. We note also that Eastman refers these spines to Chimeroids—on the ground of their occurrence in the same formation with Ptyctodonts (which latter he considers to be Chimzroids). Unfortu- nately for this view, there are no fin-spines, nor indeed any skeletal or dermal elements similar to the Gam phacanthus spines in any Chimeroid. 164 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM This genus is known by two species, G. politus Newberry, and G. uddeni Lindahl, both from the American Devonic. The former ranges through the Hamilton and into the Portage; the latter is known only from the Hamilton. It is not clear to what group of fishes these spines pertain. The suggestion has been made by Eastman” that they may belong to Ptyctodonts, since they are frequently found in the same beds with ptyctodont and rhynchodont dental plates; however, beyond the fact of contemporaneity, there is no evidence for this view. Newberry” has remarked on the resemblance between these spines and those known as Physonemus and Stethacanthus. Gamphacanthus uddeni (Lindahl) (Pl. 52, fig. 1) This species is represented by three specimens, one of them (E 1875) a nearly perfect spine (Pl. 52, fig. 1). This agrees closely with the type figured by Lindahl, except that it seems somewhat more com- pressed, a circumstance perhaps due to the mode of preservation. “There has been some vagueness about the distinctions between Gamphacanthus uddeni and the type species, G. politus. We have therefore compared two of the specimens of the former (E 1875 and E 1877) with the cotypes of G. politus Newb. (Amer. Mus. Coll.). G. uddeni as compared with G. politus is (1) more compressed, as shown by cross-sections of both the distal and proximal halves of the spine; (2) has a larger number of striations, especially in the proximal half; (3) the crenulations of the incised lines on the distal half are much less conspicuous and in some specimens entirely absent. The three specimens in the Buffalo Museum are from the Hamilton (Mid. Devonic) of Milwaukee, Wis. Collected and presented by Mr. E. E. Teller, of Buffalo. E 1875 Nearly complete. spine, in matrix, (Pl. 52, fig. 1). Length, 112 mm.; greatest width (at 2 cm. from proximal mar- gin), 33. E 1876 Proximal half of spine, uncrushed and showing dimensions of pulp cavity. E 1877 Proximal two-thirds of a spine somewhat larger than E 1875, in matrix. No sinuosities whatever are to be seen along 76 Devonian Fishes of Iowa. Towa Geol. Survey, Xvili, 130) 19086 77 Paleozoic Fishes of North America, 66, 1889. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 165 the incised lines. This specimen confirms the impres- sion derived from E 1875, that the species is somewhat more compressed than appears from Lindahl’s figure of the type specimen. GF > Fic. 56. CROSS-SECTIONS OF Macheracanthus major A, section of distal third of spine; B, section at about middle. Macheracanthus major Newberry (Pl. 53, figs. 1, 2; text-fig. 56, A, B) This genus persisted in western New York beyond the Mid Devonic, since it ranges into the Conodont bed (Genesee). It is represented in the collection by a number of specimens. Specimens of Macheracanthus are always found with one side embedded in matrix, and as their knife-like lateral edges make it impossible to extricate them without damage, no specimen has to our knowledge ever been completely extricated from the matrix so as to allow of study from both sides. Furthermore, few specimens show the distal extremity in perfect preservation. One of our specimens, E 1848 (Pl. 53, fig. 2), consisting of the distal half of a large spine, shows this portion to be of rather different conformation than is usual in M. major, and it seems to us probable that the specimen represents the under side of the spine, whereas other specimens that have been figured represent the upper. This is of course only a supposition, which cannot be established unless a complete spine of M. major were extricated from the matrix, or one were sectioned at several levels, which, however, would destroy the spine as a specimen. E 1847 Impression of an imperfect spine. Length, 140 mm.; greatest width, 25. 166 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM Onondaga limestone, (Mid. Devonic); Park Quarry, Buffalo, New York. Collected by Mr. F. K. Mixer. E 1848 Distal half of a spine (Pl. 53, fig. 2). Length, as far as pre- served, 95 mm.; greatest width, 21. ‘This is the speci- men referred to above as showing the opposite side to that already known in Macheracanthus. As will be seen from the figure, the median ridge, instead of extending to the point of the spine, terminates about 2 cm. from the extremity, at which point the ridge and the lateral ale merge into a smooth, rounded surface. A's this ridge is © not sharp-angled, but broad and rounded, it is obviously ~ the ridge on the opposite side to the one usually figured; and so gives for the first time information as to the form of the distal extremity of this side of the spine. Onondaga limestone (Mid. Devonic); Cemetery Quarry, Buffalo, New York. Piper collection. E 1849 Distal half of aspine. Length, as far as preserved, 92 mm.; width (at 55 mm. from apex), 21. This specimen agrees well with typical spines of this species. (Pl. 53, fig. 1.) Onondaga limestone; Cemetery Quarry, Buffalo, New York. Collected by Mr. F. K. Mixer. Macheracanthus longeevus Eastman Mach eracanthus longevus Eastman, New York State Mus., Mem. x, 85, plate ii, fig. 8, 1907. E 1874 Type.—Right and left pectoral fin-spines of one fish, im- perfectly preserved; in counterpart. Lower Hamilton (so-called ‘‘Trilobite bed’’); shore of Lake Erie, near mouth of Eighteen Mile Creek, N. Y. The original description of the specimen by Eastman,’® may here be quoted. . The present example is interesting in that it is one of the few in which spines of both pectoral fins are preserved in natural association. That this is the case, instead of there being merely a single, large broken spine, is evident from the similar proportions and general appearance of the two spines, one of which clearly represents the proximal and middle portions, and the other a section extending 78 Devonic fishes of the New York formations. W.Y. State Mus., Mem.x.85-86, 1907. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 167 from about the middle for a considerable distance beyond in the direction of the apex. The form of the cross-section leaves no doubt that both spines present the same aspect, presumably the outer or external face. On the opposite, or in- ternal face, the median carina appears to be gently rounded throughout its entire length. One of the distinguishing characteristics of this species, however, is that the axial ridge on the side which is presumed to be external remains sharply triangular only in the distal half of the spine, becoming widened into a broad flat elevation, smooth or but faintly striated, and nearly rectangular in cross-section, toward the base of the spine. The general surface is smooth, save for the usual delicate strie, slightly convergent toward the apex, and possibly of the same nature as growth lines. The foregoing description is, however, incorrect in one particular. The spines do not both present the same aspect. It is plain from the conformation of the median ridges and from the curvature of the two spines as they appear side by side, that one presents the inner, and the other the outer aspect. The median ridge of one is trian- gular in cross-section, while in the other it is flat. The following specimen from the Conodont bed apparently also belongs to this species. If the determination is correct it extends the range of the species from the Lower Hamilton (Mid. Devonic) into the Lower Genesee (U. Devonic). E 1906 Fragment of a spine having a cross-section somewhat similar to that of M. longevus. Macheracanthus peracutus Newberry (Pl. 53, fig. 3) The following specimens, which are smaller and more slender than examples of M. major probably belong to M. peracutus Newberry. E 1850 Distal half of spine, in matrix. (Pl. 53, fig. 3). Onondaga limestone; Cemetery Quarry, Buffalo, New York. Collected by Mr. F. K. Mixer. E 1851 Incomplete spine. Onondaga limestone; Cement Quarry, Buffalo, New York. Collected by Mr. F. K. Mixer. E 1852 Spine of a young individual. In the smaller spines of this species, the longitudinal axis of what we here call the under side, is relatively higher than in those of adults, Other data same as preceding. 168 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM E 1853 Fragment of a spine. Onondaga limestone; Park Quarry, Buffalo, New York. Collected by Mr. F. K. Mixer. E 1854 Fragment of a spine. Onondaga limestone; Cement Quarry, Buffalo, New York. Piper collection. — Macheracanthus sp. (Pl. 53, fig. 4) In addition to the specifically determinable spines described above, there are in the Buffalo Museum a number of spine fragments col- lected by Mr. Bryant in the Conodont bed, which are rather more slender than is usual in spines of this genus. They are most like those of M. peracutus, but may represent a distinct species. E 2514 Distal third of a spine drawn out to a much more slender point than in any species of Macheracanthus of which the complete spine is known; in matrix (Pl. 53, fig. 4). Length, as far as preserved, 57 mm.; greatest width, 13. The spine possibly appears so slender through the thin lateral ale having been broken away before the specimen became embedded in sediment. E 2515 Distal end of a spine; the lateral ale restored in plaster. Onchus rectus Eastman E 2591 Spine measuring 3.5 cm. as far as preserved. The distal extremity is lacking and the proximal half of the inserted portion is represented only by the impression. The spine when complete measured not more than 4.5 cm. It agrees in every character with Eastman’s description of this rare species, hitherto known only by two specimens from the Chemung of Delaware County, N. Y. Limestone layer at the horizon of the ‘“Third oil sand” (Chemung group), Erie, Pa. Collected by Mr. E. J. Armstrong. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 169 Stethacanthus precursor, n. sp. (IPL as ines Ty TRY) E 1908 Cotypes.—Two nearly complete spines. (1) The more perfect specimen of the two; length, 82 mm. (CETL sayy Siler, B®) ive Ihe shows the apex of the spine, the hump (somewhat injured) and the region behind it. E 1909 (2) This spine lacks the apex, and the two faces are crushed together in the hump region; but it shows the inferior margin of the front half of the spine. Length, as far as preserved, 78 mm. Formation and Locality—Conodont bed (Genesee); Eighteen Mile Creek, near North Evans, Erie County, N. Y. Collected by W. L. Bryant. Spine about 9 cm. in length; depth at beginning of hump contained about 3 times, and the part of spine behind hump about 3% times, in the total length. Hump in profile view, gently convex above, and descending to meet the post-hump portion of spine in a slight sigmoid curve; hump, viewed from above, relatively broad (its posterior mar- gin is not sufficiently preserved to show its entire outline); its height less than the portion of the spine back of it. Upper margin of spine gently concave, changing to gently convex toward the apex; ‘‘lower”’ margin of apex almost straight. Sides of spine incised with short, irregular lines and shallow grooves more or less parallel to the axis of spine. Remark.—This species is known only by the two cotypes. These are complete spines, but not well-preserved; between the two, how- ever, the characters of the species may be fully made out. Plate 54, figure 1, is a composite drawing based on the two specimens. The species is readily distinguished by the relatively straight apical portion, which is not reflexed upward as in most species (for instance, S. altonensis); and by the form of the hump, as well as its relative size as compared with the post-hump portion of the spine. If we compare the present species with Stethacanthus spines from later horizons, we are perhaps justified in regarding it as primitive or generalized. This is shown by the fact that the apical portion of the spine is straight, not recurved; in later forms this portion is gently 170 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM reflexed upward so as to produce a deep excavation between hump and apex. Im fact, in some of the later spines, for instance, the small species S. erectus Eastman, and S. exilis Hussakof, both from the Waverly, this is carried to an extreme, the apical axis being at right angles to the hump. Stethacanthus depressus (St. John & Worthen) (Pl. 54, fig. 3) E 2516 Impression of a small spine in sandstone; also a squeeze of same in dental wax. The specimen, though small, is complete and shows well the characters of the species.7? Length 30 mm. (apex missing); height at posterior border of hump, 8 mm. Top layer of ‘‘Second Mountain Sandstone” (Catskill) ; Crawford County, Pa. Carll collection. Ichthyodorulite, indet. ‘E 1907 A thin, fragmentary spine, or plate, with serrated edges, and a rounded central axis which gives it somewhat the appearance of a fragment of a Macheracanthus spine. Perhaps an Arthrodire plate. DIPNEUSTI Dipterus gemmatus, n. sp. (Pl. 56, figs. 2, 2a) E 2517 Type.—A small dental plate on a piece of limestone. Formation and Locality.—Conodont bed (Genesee); Eighteen Mile Creek, near North Evans, Erie County, N. Y. Collected by W. L. Bryant. Dental plate small, about 13 mm. in ‘length (antero-posterior di- ameter), its greatest width about two-thirds its length. Ridges, five or six, tuberculated, radiating from a smooth central area which 79 The specimen figured by Eastman in Bull. Mus. Compar. Zool., xxxix, 216, fig. 15, as Stethacan- thus depressus, is incorrectly referred to this species. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 171 occupies over one-third the length of the plate (at the middle ridge). Outermost denticles of each ridge rounded, succeeding ones somewhat compressed, and in the principal ridge tending to fuse into a com- pressed edge. Number of denticles in principal ridge, two or three; in second ridge, three; in third, four; in fourth, five. In the third and succeeding ridges the outermost denticles are more or less dis- crete, i. e., not confluent at their bases. All denticles, as well as inter- spaces between them, covered with minute punctz. Remarks.—This species is closest to Dipterus flabelliformis New- berry, and D. pectinatus Eastman. It is distinguished by the much larger smooth, central area; by having fewer ridges, and in each ridge fewer and more discrete denticles. In the third longest ridge of D. flabelliformis there are nine or ten denticles, whereas in the third ridge of the present species there are only four. Dipterus valenciennesi Sedg. & Murchison E 2518 A fine head-shield, 5 cm. in length, showing prettily all the head plates and the sensory canals. Old Red Sandstone; Weydate, Thurso, Scotland. . Dipterus nelsoni (Newberry) E 2519 Right mandibular dental plate. Chemung conglomerate? N. W. Pa. Collected by J. F. Carll. Dipterus sp. E 2015 A small dental plate, in matrix (Pl. 56, fig. 1). Conodont bed; Eighteen Mile Creek, near North Evans, Erie . County, N. Y. Collected by W. L. Bryant. Scaumenacia curta (Whiteaves) (Pl. 57, figs. 3, 4; text-fig. 57) This is now one of the best known of Devonian lungfishes, the exquisitely preserved specimens found in the Scaumenac Bay region of Canada having afforded a knowledge of every detail of its external structure. A restoration of this form has been published by Hus- sakof® (text-fig. 57). 80 Hussakof, L.: Notes on Devonic fishes from Scaumenac Bay. NV. Y. State Museum, Bull. rs50, p- 135, 1912. 7 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM In the Buffalo Museum there are a number of fine specimens of this species, collected by Mr. Bryant at the type locality, the Upper Devonian shales on Scaumenac Bay, near the village of Megouasha, Quebec, in August, 1915. Fic. 57. RESTORATION OF Scaumenacia curta (Whiteaves). UPPER DEVONIC SCAUMENAC BAy, QUEBEC. AFTER HUSSAKOF. E 2521 A small fish, 15 cm. in length, shown in side view. It exhibits the head and all the fins. The head is imper- fectly preserved but shows beautifully the posterior half, represented by the impression of the upper surface. The palatines are moved from their natural position, but show in oral view. The most interesting thing about the specimen is that the entire upper dentition, consisting of both dipterine as well as both vomerine plates, is pre- served. The dipterine plates are broken but agree in their general characters with the description of these plates given by other authors. The vomerines are stout, and somewhat compressed. One, which is perfectly pre- served, has two cusps or serrations; the other, two and the “root” of a third. Each cusp is sculptured by a broad, shallow furrow on the outer face. (PI. 57, fig. 3.) The discovery of a specimen of Scaumenacia showing the vom- erine teeth-is of very great interest. Another such specimen was described by Hussakof in 1912;®! and in the same year Dr. William Patten® published restorations of Scawmenacia in which so-called premaxillaries are indicated. Watson and Day® have suggested that 8 Hussakof, L.: Notes on Devonic fishes from Scaumenac Bay, Quebec; WV. Y. Siate Mus. Bull. 158, DD. 127, 139; 3 plates, tor2. 8 Patten, W.: The Evolution of the vertebrates and theirkin. Philadelphia. P. 386, fig. 261-F; P- 380, fig. 264, ror2. 88 Watson, D. M. S. and Day, Henry: Notes on some Paleozoic fishes. Mem. & Proc. Man- chester Lit. & Phil. Soc., 1x, p. 33, 1916. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES LS the teeth figured by Hussakof might represent the premaxillaries. However, the specimen found by Mr. Bryant seems to indicate that these teeth are true vomerines. In the specimen previously described, the vomerines had respec- tively four and five cusps. In the present one there are two and three. This indicates that the number of cusps or serrations was not con- stant, but varied in different individuals, and probably also with age. ‘In view of this serrated condition the vomerines of Scawmenacia may be regarded as more primitive than those of the adult Weocera- todus. They resemble somewhat the vomerines of the embryonic Neoceratodus as described by Semon.’ (Hussakof, loc. cit., page rai) E 2520 A large fish lacking the head, but showing all the fins and the lateral line in great perfection. The body is not so distorted as in most small specimens of this species. In the same matrix is the impression of a dorsal shield of Bothriolepis. E 2522 Crushed head, shown from above, and displaying dentition. E 2523 Small fish lacking head; in counterpart. It shows nearly a complete series of neural and haemal spines, the clei- thrum and other details. Length 10.5 cm. E 2524 Fish, in counterpart, showing the head; dorsal, caudal and anal fins; also the eye, jaws, scale ornamentation, cal- cified neural and haemal spines, and fin supports. Senctheri cm: E 2525 Small fish, showing both dorsals, the anal and caudal fins also haemal spines and the lateral line. Length 11.5 cm. E 2526 Fish lacking head, but showing both dorsals, the anal and part of the caudal. Length 12 cm. E 2527 Fish, in counterpart, showing the second dorsal, caudal, and anal fins; also the cleithrum, and the lateral line. Head crushed. Length 16.5 cm. 84Semon, R.: Die Zahnentwickelung des Ceratodus forsteri. Zool. Forsch. in Austral. u. Malay Archipel., 115-135, pl. xviii-xx, 1899. 174 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM E 2528 Small fish, showing lateral line, cleithrum and other details Length 9 cm. Dipnoan Scale E 2545 A large punctate scale, 4.5 by 3.5 cm. (broken), perhaps belonging to a dipnoan. Catskill; Seeley Creek, branch of Lambs Creek, near Mansfield, Tioga County, Pa. Collected by W. L. Bryant, 1913. ° [The type of Dipterus sherwoodi was found in this locality. ] Fic. 58. Holoptychius quebecensis (Whiteaves). GULAR REGION. X ABouT } Cl, cleithrum; G, gular; L.G, series of lateral gulars; Md, mandible; S, scales. E 2520. CROSSOPTERYGII Family HOLOPTYCHIIDA: Holoptychius quebecensis (Whiteaves) (Text-fig. 58) This species is still imperfectly known, owing to the fact that speci- mens of it are usually much broken or fragmentary. In the Buffalo Museum there are two specimens that show the throat region with the BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 175 principal and lateral gulars in position. This part of the anatomy is of course known in other species of the genus, e.g., from the Old Red Sandstone of Scotland. E 2529 E 2530 E 2151 E 2544 E 2531 Gular region of a large fish (fig. 58). It shows the principal and lateral gulars very prettily, and on the outside of these, the mandibles. Most of the bone is gone but the impressions of the plates are clearly indicated. The lower parts of both cleithra are preserved. Between their extremities and back of the principal gulars are a number of imbricating scales. Preserved fragments of the bone of both the principal and the lateral gulars, show that these plates were ornamented with small, crowded tubercles which were not coalesced into lines. The scales immediately back of the gulars are for the most part ornamented with tubercles, which in some scales are more or less coalesced into lines. Upper Devonic; Scaumenac Bay, near Village of Megouasha, Quebec. Collected by W. L. Bryant. August, I9Is. Gular region of a smaller fish than the preceding.” Both the principal and lateral gulars are shown, the bone being present and viewed from the inner or visceral aspect. The arrangement is very similar to that of the preceding specimen. There are five or more lateral gulars on either side. Holoptychius americanus Leidy Cast of a large scale. Chemung; Tioga County, Pa. Impression of scales. Catskill; Seeley Creek, branch of Lambs Creek, Mansfield, Tioga County, Pa.; collected by W. L. Bryant. Holoptychius giganteus Agassiz Scales, fin-rays and a head plate (?). Length of scale 22 mm.; width, 25 mm. Other data same as preceding. 176 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM Holoptychius halli Newberry E 2532 Impression of a scale; length, 2 cm.; width, 1-5 cm. Cats- kill ? Northern Pennsylvania—exact locality unknown; collected by J. F. Carll. [The type of the species comes from the Catskill at Delhi, N. Y.] Holoptychius cf. nobilissimus Agassiz E 2533 Cast ofascale. Length, 55 mm.; width, 45 mm. (broken). It has the reticulated ornament of H. nobilissimus, but was apparently as large as H. giganteus. Original in Philadelphia Acad. of Nat. Sci. Mansfield ore bed (Upper Chemung); Tioga County, Pa. Holoptychius serrulatus ? Cope E 2534 Impression of a scale and fin-rays. (Compare Smith Woodward, Cat. Fos. Fishes Brit. Mus., II, pl. xi, figs. 1¢, 1d;Cope, Proc. Am. Phils Soc, vol. 205 plat, tigeree The tubercles of the covered area seem to be com- pletely fused into ridges. Resembles H. serrulatus Cope, but is smaller and lacks the cone-like tubercles of the covered portion. It may, however, be a caudal scale of this species as it came from the same formation and locality as H. serrulatus Cope. Catskill; Seeley Creek, branch of Lambs Creek, Mansfield, Tioga County, Pa.; collected by W. L. Bryant. Family RHIZODONTIDz Eusthenopteron foordi Whiteaves (Pl. 70, fig. 2) Of this well-known species there are a number of excellent specimens in the Buffalo Museum, collected at the type locality, the Upper Devonic of Scaumenac Bay, Quebec, by Mr. W. L. Bryant, in August, IQI5. i 85 The figures in this paper are wrongly numbered: Figure 1 is H. serrulatus: Figure 2, H. frabele latus: Figure 3, H.latus. E 2535 E 2536 E 2537 E 2538 E 2530 E 2540 E 2541 E 2546 E 2547 E 2548 E 2549 E 2550 E 2551 E 2552 BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 177 Head of a large fish, little crushed, and showing clearly the plates of the roof and the right side of the cranium, including the mandible and gular plates; eye and lateral lines well shown. In addition to these features, the fossil shows portion of a pectoral fin with its supports and the ornamented squamation of the fore part of the trunk. Length, 16 cm. Complete fish with all fins. The head is bent backward upon the body, showing its inferior aspect. Posterior half of fish showing anal, second dorsal and caudal fins. Fish, in counterpart, showing dentition. Fins imperfectly preserved. Crushed head of small fish, showing gular plate, jaws and roofing bones, in inner view. Tail of a large fish. Fish lacking head but showing oon of body, all fins, lateral line and operculum. Fragments. Anterior portion of fish with a few head plates #: and the pectoral fin. Fragment of cranium, showing supratemporal bones from the inside. Portion of trunk of fish, showing vertebral centra. Pair of mandibles of a small fish. The laniary teeth are shown, some of them fractured, affording a longitudinal view of the pulp cavity. Scales of trunk. Weathered specimen showing disarticulated head plates and jaws. Posterior half of a very young fish, showing outlines of body, both dorsals, the ventral, anal, and caudal fins; in counterpart. 178 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM E 2553 Fragmentary head of large individual, in counterpart, showing mandible, maxilla, suborbital and the gular plates. E 2554 Nearly complete fish so twisted as to show lateral view of trunk and tail, and inner aspect of cranium; the sutures of the cranium have opened so as to show the outlines of the component plates. Body is somewhat macerated, but the pectoral, ventral and caudal fins are preserved. E 2555 Side and top view of a crushed cranium, together with a fragment of the pectoral fin. Roofing bones and jaws well shown. E 2594 Pectoral region of large fish, showing squamation, and an excellently preserved pectoral fin with its supports (BIN 70; figs)2)): Family ONYCHODONTIDi= Genus Onychodus Newberry A genus of Crossopterygii known only by detached head plates, jaw elements, teeth and scales. Its most remarkable feature is the. presymphyseal bone with its semicircle of teeth. Three American species have been described, all from the Devonic; but of these two seem to be synonymous—O. sigmoides and O. hopkinsi. ‘The latter was based on somewhat smaller and less curved teeth than O. sig- moides, but the materials now in various museums show that some teeth from the hopkins: locality are fully as large and as much curved as any sigmoides teeth. Onychodus sigmoides Newberry® (Pl. 58; text-fig. 59) Onychodus sigmoides NEWBERRY, Proc. Nat. Inst., n. ser. 1, 124, 1857. Onychodus hopkinsi NEWBERRY, Ibid., 124, 1857. This species is represented in the collection by a number of plates and teeth. Of special interest are the remains from the Conodont 8 For full synonymy see Hay, Bibliography and Catalog Fossil Vert. N. A., 1902, De 363- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 179 bed, at Eighteen Mile Creek, for they demonstrate that this typically Onondagan species ranged into the Genesee. This is not surprising, since remains of Onychodus have been recorded from the Chemung. The surprising thing is—if all these remains really belong to a single species—that Onychodus sigmoides should be represented both in fresh (Chemung) and in salt water (Conodont and Onondaga lime- stone). The mandible of Onychodus described below is of unusual interest, since it affords for the first time a knowledge of the structure of this element in the genus. The specimen (Pl. 58, fig. 3 and text-fig. 59) consists of about two-thirds of a left mandible; it lacks the anterior, or symphyseal end, as well as the posterior extremity. The upper margin is set with slender, sharply-pointed laniary teeth placed at wide intervals, and not all of the same size. Some of them had apparently --7 Fic. 59. Onychodus sigmoides Newberry. RESTORED OUTLINE OF MANDIBLE SHOWN IN Plate 58, FIGURE 3 All the elements composing it are shown—the dentary above, angular below, and the articular, at the extreme right, wedged in between these two. The front end of the mandible is restored after a specimen from the Delaware limestone of Ohio. Onondaga Limestone; Leroy, N.Y. E 2556. become worn through use, or else had been broken off before preser- vation. The mandible clearly indicates the presence of several dis- tinct elements; first, a dentary element (den.), a narrow element in which the teeth are set, extending the entire length of the preserved portion of the mandible. Second, an angular (amg.), situated below the dentary, and extending forward about two-thirds the length of the mandible. Third, an articular element (art.); the bone itself is absent in the specimen, but its position is clearly indicated by the sutural lines and facets on the angular and dentary. It was wedged in anteriorly between these two elements. It has been customary in describing the mandibles of the Crosso- pterygii, to refer to all the elements below the dentary, as infraden- taries, except the most posterior one, which has generally been called 180 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM angular.®’ But the demonstration in recent years that the Crosso-. pterygi are ancestral to the Tetrapoda, necessarily changed this point of view, and the Crossopterygian mandible is now regarded as pos- sessing elements homologous with those of primitive amphibia. This conclusion rests on the cumulative work of Smith Woodward, Broom, Williston, Gregory and Watson. Broom*® in a special paper on the subject, in 1913, showed that in the mandible of the Crossoptery- gian Sauripterus taylori, from the Chemung of Pennsylvania, the infradentaries represent the elements found in the typical Stego- cephalian mandible, for instance, Zrimerorachis, and that they may be interpreted as splenial, preangular, angular, surangular, prearticular and articular. So, too, in the latest paper on the subject, by W. K. Gregory,*® this is the view advocated. And it is in line with this newer interpretation that the elements in the mandible of Onycho- dus are named above. Our specimen does not show the front portion of the mandible, so that the splenial, if present in Onychodus, is not shown. Anat the posterior end, the surangular is not preserved. 1. Specimens from the Delaware limestone (Mid. Devonic); Delaware, Ohio. E 1871 A series of six premandibular teeth with their supporting symphyseal bone. The teeth are curved, as is usual in these specimens (PI. 58, fig. 2). E 1872 A series of symphyseal teeth, and their supporting bone: One tooth shifted from its position. This and the following specimen were presented by Mir: i ok. m@eller: E 1873 A-detached tooth, 4cm.inheight. (PI. 58, fig. 1) 2. Specimens from the Onondaga limestone at Leroy, N. Y. E 2556 The fine mandible discussed in the preceding pages and illustrated in Plate 58, figures 3, 3a, 3b, and text-fig. 50. 87 See for instance the excellent figure of the mandible of Rhizodus hibberti in Smith Woodward’s Catalog of Fossil Fishes, Part II, pl. xii, fig. 1. f 88 Broom, R.: On the structure of the mandible of Stegocephalia Anat. Anz., xlv, 77-78. 89 Gregory, W. K.: Present status of the problem of the origin of the Tetrapoda with special refer- ence to the skull and paired limbs. Aznals N.Y. Acad. Sct, xxvi, 317-383, pl. iv, 1915. See especi- ally p. 334 for table of homologies between bones of mandible in Rhipidistia and Stegocephali, and for references to the work of Smith Woodward, Williston, Broom, and Watson, on which these conclusions rest. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 181 It is rather small and is apparently not of a full-grown fish. Collected and presented by Prof. Clifton J. Sarle. E 2564 A large tooth, 30 mm. in height (imperfect). Collected and presented by Prof. Clifton J. Sarle. 3. Specimens from the Conodont bed (basal Genesee) at Eighteen Mile Creek, near N. Evans, Erie County, N. Y. E 2557 An imperfect presymphyseal tooth, in matrix, shown in longitudinal section. The tooth is 43 mm. in height, and the pulp cavity extends to within 6 mm. of the tip. The wall of the tooth is slightly over 1.5 mm. in thickness E 2563 A mandibular tooth, 40 mm. high. Family CHELACANTHID/# Ccelacanthus elegans Newberry E 2090 Imperfect fish on coal. Coal Measures; Linton (now Yellow Creek), Jefferson County, Ohio. Presented by J. S. Newberry. E 2091 Caudal extremity of a fish on coal. Other data same as preceding. ACTINOPTERYGII Family PALAHONISCID Cheirolepis canadensis Whiteaves (TEL 7, 1aeaS ae, 2) E 2558 ‘Tail, showing ornamented scales and fin-rays Upper Devonic; Scaumenac Bay, near village of Megouasha, Quebec. Collected by W. L. Bryant, August, 1915. Genus Rhadinichthys Traquair In the Portage rocks in the vicinity of Buffalo occur scales, cranial plates and incomplete fishes, which apparently belong in the pale- 182 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM oniscid genus, Rhadinichthys. They have been described as three distinct species: 1. Rhadinichthys devonicus—J. M. Clarke; Bull. 16, U. S. Geol. Surv., p. 41, Plate i, figures 2-6, [as Pal@oniscum]. 1885. 2. Rhadinichthys antiquus.—H. U. Williams; Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., v, p. 84, figure 2. las Paleoniscum]. 1886. 3. Rhadinichthys reticulatus—H. U. Williams; Ibid., p. 86, figure 1. 1886. Of these three names the last seems to be a synonym of the first; so that only two species may properly be recognized, distinguished from each other by details of ornamentation of the scales and cranial plates. Rhadinichthys devonicus (Clarke) (Pls. 59, 60, 61, 62; 63, figs. 1, 2; 65; text-figs. 60, 61) In 1885 John M. Clarke described:an imperfect fish and a number of isolated scales and cranial plates under the name of Pale@oniscum devonicum. The specimens were collected in a ‘‘railroad cutting through the bituminous layers in the town of Sparta’’—a Portage horizon. In the following year H. U. Williams described and figured a number of isolated scales and cranial elements from the Portage near Buffalo, which he placed in two new species, Pale@oniscum reticu- latus and P. antiquus. It seems to us on careful comparison of his figures of P. reticulatus with the figures and description given by Clarke of P. devonicus, that these names refer to the same species. The following is Dr. Clarke’s account of this species: One individual retains most of the body in place, though the bones of the head have been displaced and scattered, and the tail is somewhat crushed. The animal was originally about 13 cm. in length. Thecranialbones, . . . are characteristically marked by punctate incised lines which run along the peapent diameter of the bone, occasionally [as in his figure 5] radiating from the most convex portion of the plate. . . . . Associated with these bones are many minute, shining, somewhat flattened, conical teeth, measuring 0.75 mm. in length. The scales, except those on the dorsal ridge, are 1.5 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, subrhomboidal in outline and very beautifully sculptured with strong elevated striz, which take their origin at the upper forward angle and pass obliquely across the scale, the forward edge presenting the appearance of being strongly tucked. These elevated striz become very much stronger at the posterior edge, and in this region, the upper portion of the scale being left free of stria, shows strong punctate markings. These pittings are also to be seen in the furrows between the strie on the anterior portions of the scale. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 183 The median dorsal scales are large, spatulate in form, measuring 3.5 mm. in width anteriorly, and narrowing backwards to 1.5 mm.; length 4 mm. Surface strongly punctate—J. M. Clark, “On the higher Devonian faunas of Ontario County, New York, Bull. 16, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1885, p. 41. If we compare the figures given by Clarke and by Williams (the latter reproduced here as fig. 60), we find a very close correspondence. Thus, Williams’ figure 1d, might almost have been drawn from the 5 a Ib Ila ld We x5 I Fic. 60. BONES AND SCALES oF Rhadinichthys, ENLARGED. (AFTER H. U. ; WILLIAMS) I a-d, Rhadinichthys devonicus (Clarke). I a, flank scales; I 6, fulcral scale; I c, fragment of bone showing ornamentation of reticulated lines; I d, cranial plate showing ornamentation. II a-d, Rhadinichthys anliquus (Williams). II a, }, d, flank scales, showing peg for articulation; II c¢, ridge scale. cleithrum of Palgoniscus devonicus, figured (as a cranial plate) by Clarke in his Plate i, figure 5; while Williams’ figure 1c, of a cranial plate, agrees fairly well with Clarke’s figure 6. Both these latter show a cranial plate ornamented with more or less parallel lines anastomosing in places. Williams’ figure of the scales, 1a, agrees with Clarke’s figure 3, except that in Clarke’s figure the puncte are not so clearly shown. 184 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM It thus seems to us that the forms described by Clarke and by Williams from isolated scales and plates, represent a single species; and for this Clarke’s specific name, devonicus, has priority. This species is represented in the Buffalo museum by a considerable series of scales, cranial plates, fulcra, etc., preserved singly or in groups, on small pieces of shale. All are from the Rhinestreet shale (Portage), on the shore of Lake Erie, near Sturgeon Point, N. Y. E 2044 Imperfect fish, showing outline of body and caudal extrem- ity (Pl. 59). This and the following five numbers col- lected by Mr. F. K. Mixer. E 2045 Cranial plates including the frontal and the operculum; detached scales and a number of elongated fin-rays. Some of the plates show the sensory canals (PI. 60, fig. 3). 2046 Parietal? plate. 2047 Operculum. (PI. 60, fig. 2; text-fig. 61, B.) 2048 Left cleithrum. (PI. 60, fig. 1; text-fig. 61, A.) ae Hw & 2049 Cranial plates, scales and fin-rays of a single individual. (BE 620s. 42 Plo, figs. 122) 2050 Right maxilla. (Pl. 61, fig. 3.) This and the following specimens collected by Mr. W. L. Bryant. 2051 Right maxilla. (PI. 61, fig. 1.) ty 2052 Right maxilla. 2054 Left maxilla. 2053 Right cleithrum. 2055 Left mandible. (PI. 62, fig. 1.) 2056 Mandible showing teeth in two series. 2057 Mandible? lacking teeth. 2058 Mandible, lacking teeth. 2059 Mandible, lacking teeth. 2060 Mandible, lacking teeth. c> a co A c> DO > a c> DO C2 cs cD o> > | 2061 Detached scales. (PI. 62, figs. 2, 3.) BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 185 E 2062 Cranium, shown in inner view. E 2063 Cranial plate (post-temporal?), shown in inner view. E 2064 Supraclavicle? Fic. 61. Rhadinichthys devonicus (Clarke). X 3 A, cleithrum; E 2048. Drawn from specimen shown in Plate 60, figure 1. B, operculum; E 2047. Drawn from specimen shown in Plate 60, figure 2. C, right maxilla, outer view, but with-almost entire surface ornament lost; E 2067. Plate 61, figure 2. E 2066 Right maxilla, with teeth. (PI. 65, fig. 2.) E 2067 Right maxilla, with teeth. (PI. 61, fig. 2; text-fig. 61, C.) F. K. Mixer, coll. 186 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM Rhadinichthys devonicus? (Clarke) (PIS65, figs. 15.3) Several isolated plates in the collection, from the Cleveland shales of Ohio, bear an ornamentation very similar to that of plates of Rhadinichthys devonicus from the Portage of Western New York, and it appears probable that they belong to the same species. They are of about the same sizeas the latter, and so far as canbe made out from their imperfect preservation, they have the same outlines as the cor- responding plates of the Western New York form. In Plate 6s, figure 1, a maxilla from the Cleveland shale is shown, for comparison, near a maxilla of Rhadinichthys devonicus ( E 2066) from the Portage near Buffalo. E 2565 A right maxilla, on a piece of shale, displaying ornamenta- tion and greater part of outline of the element. (PI. 65, figs a) Cleveland shale (Upper Devonic); Linndale, near Cleveland, Ohio. Collected by W. L. Bryant. E 2566 Both mandibles, separated from each other, and displaying the outer, ornamented surface. Teeth are to be seen in both mandibles, but cannot be clearly made out. (Pl. 65, fig. 3.) Other data same as preceding. Rhadinichthys antiquus (Williams) (Pl. 63, fig. 3; Pl. 64; text-fig. 62) The following specimens in the collection are all from the Rhine- street shale (Portage), on the shore of Lake Erie, near Sturgeon Point, Now. E 2065 Imperfect fish, showing head, trunk and caudal fin; the dorsal, anal, and paired fins are missing. (PI. 63, fig. 3; text-fig. 62.) Collected by Mr. F. K. Mixer. E 2068 Left cleithrum. (PI. 64, fig. 1.) This and the following specimens collected by Mr. W. L. Bryant. E 2069 Left cleithrum. E 2070 Imperfect left cleithrum. E 2071 E 2072 E 2073 E 2074 E 2075 BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 187 Impression of right cleithrum. Cranial plate. Detached scales. Detached scales. (Pl. 64, figs. 2, 4, 5, 6.) Detached scales. Fic. 62. Rhadinichthys antiquus (Williams). PosTERIOR HALF OF FisH, SHOWING HETEROCERCAL TAIL, AND THE FULCRA OF ITS UPPER AND Lower Lopes. NATURAL S1zE. E 2065 Rhadinichtys ? indet. E 2076-7 That another species of Palzoniscid in addition to tne two preceding inhabited the waters of what is now Western New York during Portage time, is indicated by two specimens in the collection—a cleithrum and a cranial plate, whose external faces are ornamented by a series of crenulated ridges, arranged transversely to the long diameter of the bone. 188 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM Rhinestreet shale (Portage); shore of Lake Erie, near Sturgeon Point, Erie County, N. Y. Collected by W. L. Bryant. Rhadinichthys alberti (Jackson) (Text-fig. 63) This is the best known American species of Rhadinichthys, and extensively represented in museums. For a full account of it, witha restoration and admirable figures of scale detail, reference should be made to the memoir of L. M. Lambe, ‘‘Palzoniscid fishes from the Albert shales of New Brunswick,’’*’ published in roto. The following specimens are in the Buffalo museum. They are from the type locality, the Albert Mine (Lower Carbonic), Albert County, New Brunswick. Carll collection. a LL Bons et sy ry z a Cage — YA — @® SS —— Fic. 63. RESTORATION OF Rhadinichthys alberti (Jackson). AFTER LAMBE 2112 Imperfect fish on a piece of shale. 2113 Imperfect fish. 2114 Imperfect fish. 2115 Imperfect fish. 2116 Imperfect fish. Bo wee Ss Bw 2117 Imperfect fish, showing caudal fulcra; also detached flank and ridge scales. E 2120 Detached flank and ridge scales. 99 Contributions to Canadian Pal., vol. iii, Mem. 3, pp. 1-68, pls. i-xi. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 189 Rhadinichthys elegantulus (Eastman) (Pl. 66; text-fig. 64) Elonichthys elegantulus EASTMAN, Rept. Geol. Surv. Iowa, xviii, 274. 1908. Elonichthys elegantulus L. M. LAMBe, Contrib. to Canadian Pal., iii, Mem. 3, p. 30. IQIO. In 1908 Eastman gave the name EHlonichthys elegantulus to a small palzoniscid found associated with Rhadinichthys albertt in the Lower Carboniferous of Albert County, New Brunswick. In 1910, Lambe Fic. 64. Rhadinichthys elegantulus (Eastman). PECTORAL FIN, ENLARGED. E 2094 discussed some of the characters of the species and expressed doubt as to its validity. He writes: “Its small size, in conjunction with its generally imperfect state of preservation, leads one to suspect that it may be the young of one of the species already known from this locality, possibly of R. albertz. Of the many scores of specimens in our collections, nearly all lack proper definition of outline, and the head is, asa rule, very imperfectly preserved.” In the Buffalo museum there are a number of specimens of this % Loc. cit.. p. 30. 190 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM ° species which were collected by the late John F. Carll. They have enabled us to draw up the following diagnosis. Revised description.—A species of small size, about 45 mm. in length. Greatest depth of body just behind the pectoral arch, the trunk tapering rapidly backward from this point. Dorsal and anal fins almost opposite, large, triangular, longer than high, with rays which branch distally. Caudal strongly heterocercal, the upper lobe being nearly twice the lower, the fin-rays slender, and distally branching; pectoral fins moderately large, their principal rays unarticulated; provided with minute, slender fulcra; ventral fins short-based and about equidistant from pectoral and anal. Lateral line present. From the above emended description it appears that this species belongs to the genus Rhadinichthys rather than to Elonichthys, to which we accordingly assign it. E 2092 Complete fish, 45 mm. in length, showing head and all fins. (Pl. 66, figs. 1, 2.) E 2093 Imperfect fish, showing well the anal and dorsal fins. (PI. 66, fig. 3.) E 2094 Complete fish, showing head in ventro-lateral aspect; pec- toral, pelvic and anal fins. (Fig. 64.) E 2095 Small slab with the remains of several fishes. One specimen in lateral aspect shows detail of all fins. E 2096 Slab with several fragmentary fishes showing cranial bones and pectoral fins. On same slab is a scale of Rhadi- nichthys alberti (Jackson). E 2097 Imperfect fishes on small slab. E 2098 Imperfect fishes on small slab. E 2099 Cranium, shown in inner view. E 2100 Imperfect fish. E 2101 Imperfect fish. E 2102 Imperfect fish. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 191 E 2103 Imperfect fish. E 2104 Imperfect fishes on small slab. They show position of dorsal and anal fins. E 2105 Imperfect fish. E 2106 Imperfect fish; shows mandible and maxilla in position. E 2107 Imperfect fish; shows the cranial bones E 2108 Imperfect fish. E 2109 Imperfect fish. E 2110 Imperfect fish. E 2121 Fish showing head and all fins. Elonichthys browni (Jackson) This species was recently restudied by Lambe,” who published an extended account of it together with splendid figures of complete fishes and of details of the scales. It is the largest of the palzoniscids found in the Albert Mine, New Brunswick, the fishes ranging in size, according to Lambe, from 18.5 to 35.5 cm. E 2111 Detached scales from posterior portion of trunk. Lower Carboniferous; Albert County, New Brunswick. Carll collection. Haplolepis [Eurylepis] tuberculata (Newberry) E 2088 Small complete fish on coal. Coal Measures; Linton (now Yellow Creek), Jefferson County, Ohio. Presented by J. S. Newberry. Haplolepis [Eurylepis] granulata (Newberry) E 2089 Small complete fish on coal. There is some doubt whether this species is distinct from the preceding; in fact, all the species of Haplolepis are in need of revision. Other data same as preceding. 92 Lambe, L. M.: Palzoniscid fishes from the Albert shales of New Brunswick. Contrib. Canadian Paleont., iii, 22, pls. iv-ix, r910. 192 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM Family CATOPTERID Catopterus gracilis J. H. Redfield E 2125 Fish withall fins. Newark series (Triassic); Boonton, N. J. Presented by J. S. Newberry. Catopterus redfieldi Egerton E 2124 Nearly complete fish. On the same slab is a nearly com- plete fish of Semzanotus fultus. Other data same as preceding. Genus Dictyopyge Egerton This genus is closely related to Catopterus, differing chiefly in the more forward position of the dorsal fin, which begins a little in front of the anal. The genus is widely distributed, being known by eight or nine species, occuring in North America, Europe, Australia, and probably also in South Africa. Dictyopyge macrura (W. C. Redfield) (Phgy he 3; P67) This is one of the rarest of North American fossil ganoids, known by only one or two complete specimens and a number of fragments. Until recently the type specimen had been lost, but it was lately found by Dr. A. S. Woodward; it had been in use as a paper weight in one of the offices in the British Museum. | Dictyopyge macrura is known from only one locality—the Upper Triassic shales, near Richmond, Va. Eastman™ has referred to a specimen in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass., (No. 2531), which is labelled ‘‘probably from Middletown, Connecticut,’’ and has accepted it as evidence of the occurrence of the species in the Triassic of the Connecticut Valley. But to us this specimen does not seem to afford conclusive evidence of the occurrence of the species in Connecticut. The fact that the label reads ‘‘prob-. ably,” indicates that it was not written by the hand that collected the specimens; or if so, only after so long an interval since it was collected, 93 Kastman,C.R.: Triassic fishes of Connecticut. Bull. No. 18, State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Connecticut, p. 56, torr. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 193 that the circumstances were hazy in the writer’s mind; and in fact he may have confused his specimen with some other. Obviously the label cannot carry conviction. Furthermore, among the various col- lections of fishes from the Connecticut Valley Trias there is not a single specimen of Dictyopyge, notwithstanding that hundreds of specimens have been collected. Although this fact, being mere nega- tive evidence would not in itself be conclusive, still it lends force to the argument that the label on the specimen is probably incorrect. In any event, there is no positive proof at present that Dictyopyge occurs anywhere else but in the Richmond, Va. locality. We may note that at the time Newberry™ studied this species, specimens were abundant at the type locality, and numbers were frequently found on one slab, as in the case of specimens of Semionotus from the Karoo formation of South Africa. Newberry mentions a slab which ‘‘though scarcely more than a foot square, carried impres- sions of over forty individuals.” The Buffalo Museum is fortunate in possessing a slab of shale con- taining remains of ten fishes, two or three of them almost complete (Pl. 67). From a study of this specimen we are able to give a revised description of the species. Revised description.—Fish gracefully fusiform, attaining a length of 15 cm. Head contained five times, and greatest depth six times in the total length. Dorsal originating in advance of anal; triangular, about 4 the size of anal. Anal the largest of all the fins, arising opposite middle of dorsal and extending beyond beginning of caudal; with about 25 broad, robust articulated rays; its posterior margin rounded, not straight. Caudal heterocercal, with about 35 rays; its upper lobe fringed with about 50 small fulcra giving the margin a braided appearance. Pectoral relatively small. Ventral with ro to 12 robust rays anteriorly margined with minute fulcra. Cranial bones ornamented with scale-like confluent tubercles and irregular intersecting ridges (PI. 24, fig. 3). Scales smooth and highly polished. Lateral line prominent. The single specimen in the collection may be described as follows: E 2126 A slab of shale 25 by 17 cm., containing the remains of 10 fishes, two of them more or less complete, (PI. 67). Triassic coal beds; Richmond, Va. The specimen was 94 Newberry, J. S.: Fossil fishes and fossil plants of the Triassic rocks of New Jersey and the Con- necticut Valley. Monograph U.S. Geol. Surv., xiv, 64, 1888. % Loc. cit. p. 65. j 194 E 2154 E 2156 E 2160 E 2122 E 2123 E 2155 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM collected many years ago by Mr. David F. Day, who pre- sented it to the Museum. Family LEPIDOTID Lepidotus maximus Wagner Cast of a portion of the trunk of a large fish, showing scales. Lithographic slate (Upper Jurassic); Solnhofen, Bavaria. Cast of a large fish, showing dentition and fins. Litho- graphic slate (Upper Jurassic); Solnhofen, Bavaria. Lepidotus minor Agassiz Cast of a large fish, shown in side view; all the fins are pres- ent, and the head is fairly well shown. Upper Oolite; Isle of Portland, England. Family SEMIONOTIDA: Semionotus fultus (Agassiz) Fish with all the fins. Newark series (Triassic); Boonton, N. J. Presented by J. S. Newberry. Semionotus tenuiceps (Agassiz) Nearly complete fish. Other data same as preceding. Family PYCNODONTID Gyrodus circularis Agassiz Cast of a fish, showing the cranium, facial bones, dental] apparatus and all the fins. Lithographic slate (Upper Jurassic); Solnhofen, Bavaria. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 195 Microdon elegans Agassiz E 2159 Cast ofa fish, showing all the fins. Upper Jurassic; Kelheim, Bavaria. Family ASPIDORHYNCHID Aspidorhynchus acutirostris (Blainville) E 2567 Fish lacking head and caudal extremity. Length as far as preserved, 40 cm.; greatest depth of body, 6.5. Lithographic slate (Upper Jurassic); Solnhofen, Bavaria. E 2158 Cast of a fish, shown in side view. Lithographic slate (Upper Jurassic); Eichstadt, Bavaria. Family LEPISOSTEID Lepisosteus simplex Leidy (Pl. 68) Although a dozen species of fossil gar pikes have been named from various localities in North America,** only three are known by com- plete fishes; the others are represented by vertebra, scales or head plates, and are not satisfactorily defined. The species represented by whole fishes are: 1. Lepisosteus atrox Leidy—Green River shales (Eocene), Wyo. 2. Lepisosteus simplex Leidy—Green River shales (Eocene), Wyo. 3. Lepisosteus (Clastes) cuneatus (Cope)—Miocene, Utah. Of these, the best represented species is L. simplex, known by at least three splendid specimens—one in the United States National Museum,°*” a second from the Eocene of Utah,** and a third, un- described, in the American Museum. To these three we may now add a fourth specimen—a splendid fish which even surpasses the preceding ones in size, preserved in the Buffalo Museum. It is from the type locality, the Green River shales of Wyoming. We base the identification of the species chiefly on the character of the fins, which % Hay, Biblioara phy and catalog fos. Vert. N. Amer., 97 Eastman, C. He ieee Biae Ges ock from the Guy Rivet Shales of Wyoming. Bull. Comp. Zool. xxxvi, 74, pl.i, 98 Briefly eaten ae Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell in Science, n. s., xxix, 796, 1909. 196 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM are rather weaker than in L. atvox, and upon the ornamentation of the scales. These appear perfectly smooth to the naked eye, except for one, or sometimes two, large puncte near their centres, while under a lens the entire surface is seen to be covered with minute pittings. The fossil was obtained some years ago from a track hand, in Wyo- ming, by the late Dr. Ernest Wende, formerly a director of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences; it later became the property of the Society through the kindness of Mrs. Wende. E 2150 A gar pike 88 cm. in length, ona slab of shale (Pl. 68). The fish is shown in lateral view, except the head, which rests on its dorsal surface, displaying the inside of the cranium. All the fins are shown—more beautifully, in fact, than in any other specimen hitherto known. The left pec- toral is shown above the right, and the same is also the disposition of the ventrals. In the head, the left maxilla is detached and lies above its mate, with its large laniary teeth overlapping the mandible—as seen near the bottom of the figure. The vomer, palatines, and parasphenoid are very little dis- turbed. The facial bones are badly crushed, but both cleithra are preserved. Little can be said as to the ex- ternal ornamentation of the head plates, except that the outer surface of the left cleithrum seems to be covered with fine, oblique striations. The mandibles and max- ille each bear a double series of teeth, and the vomer and palatines are covered with short conical teeth. _ The longest vertebral centrum exposed (above base of ventral fin), measures 1.2 cm. in length. The pectoral fin has 9 rays, and shows a series of - slender fulcra. The ventrals are nearer the anal than the pectoral, have 5 rays, and are armed with biserial fulcra. The anal has 8 or 9 rays, the dorsal 7. The latter begins about opposite the origin of the anal. The caudal, which is completely preserved, is rounded posteriorly, and has 15 rays. The fulcra of its upper margin are slender, and apparently in a single series; those of the lower margin are robust and biserial. The ornamentation of the scales has already been referred to above. The squamation is much disturbed BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 197 in the front half of the fish, exposing to view the vertebral centra and ribs; while in the posterior part of the fish the scales are hardly disarranged. ‘There are at least 50 transverse rows of scales in the length of the fish. Measurements cm. Total length (including caudal)..................... 88 Depths behind pectoraliarchea.eessass eee cee ee 15 Weng thivofited deurae.sa serene cae jeter none ee mes Senet 26 Hengthvofipectoraly ss cce scp nies tore ak a eivarateyeteastele 8 eng thvotiventraleee seer eeeeer ear so) Wengthrofianals wasmstas an seteas crass vanes amiaets be) Ikeng thy of:dorsalyea es case cine cele tra none Io Wenethyolcaudallyass ae rae ee oe aces 12 engthvofsmandiblesne emer ceo oem cere 16 Family AMIIDA: Megalurus elegantissimus Wagner E 2157 Cast ofa fish 11 cm. in length, showing all the fins. Lithographic slate (Upper Jurassic); Solnhofen, Bavaria. Family PHOLIDOPHORIDZ Pholidophorus sp. E 2599 Head and anterior portion of trunk. Lithographic stone; Solnhofen, Bavaria. Family CLUPEID Diplomystus brevissimus (Blainville) This species is represented by three specimens, collected by Mrs. C. B. Hoyt. They are from the type locality and formation—Upper Cretaceous; Mt. Lebanon, Syria. E 2128 Slab of limestone with four finely-preserved fishes. E 2129 Slab with four fishes. E 2130 Complete fish on limestone, showing all fins. 198 CATALOG OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE MUSEUM Knightia |Diplomystus] humilus (Leidy)*” E 2149 Small fish on a piece of shale. Green River shales (Eocene); Wyoming. Family OSTEOGLOSSIDZ Phareodus testis (Cope) E 2147 Complete fish with well-preserved head, showing teeth and with all fins. Total length, 33 cm. Green River shales, (Eocene); Twin Creek, Wyoming. E 2148 Head ofa large fish with finely preserved teeth. Formation and locality same as preceding. Collected by Dr. Ernest Wende. Family BERYCIDA Hoplopteryx superbus (Dixon) E 2163 Cast showing five fishes on a slab. Cretaceous; Lewes, England. Coprolites E 2118 and E 2119 ‘Two Coprolites. Lower Carboniferous; Albert County, New Brunswick. Carll collection. 99 We follow D.S. Jordan, who proposed Knightia as a generic name forasection of Dip'omystus, with Diflomystus humilus Leidy,as the type species. Univ. California Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. No 5 p. 136, 1907. PLATE 1 Restoration of the head and dorsal armor of Dinichthys magnificus, n. sp., viewed from in front. +. Type specimen. See p. 36. (Mounted for ffexhi- bition by W. L. Bryant.) 200 L ALW1d ZL “IOA “19S FEN “90g O/eJ¥Ng “ING 201 PLATE 2 Section on Eighteen Mile Creek, showing exposure of the Genesee and lower portion of the Portage. The Conodont bed is absent in this section. Cashaqua shale \ Middlesex shale if POuLaeG A, Bb, C, West River shale | D, Genundewa limestone } Genesee E, Genesee shale j (See text-fig. 2) 202 Bull. Buffalo Soc., Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 2 203 PLATE 3 Upper: Lower part of a section on Eighteen Mile Creek where the Conodont bed is best developed. West River shale Genundewa, limestone Conodont bed Genesee shale (See text-fig. 2) SC) QOL s2) ~ Lower: Section at same level as the above but a few hundred feet away, showing absence of the Conodont bed. (This is an enlarged view of the lower part of section shown in Plate 2, immediately to the left of the camera box seen in that picture.) A, West River shale B, Genundewa limestone D, Genesee shale 204 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 3 205 PLATE 4 Figs. 1, 2, 3. Coccostus parvulus, n. sp. « Cotypes, about natural size. The speci- mens are impressions in shale, and the figures are from squeezes made from them. Originals of tr and 3 are onone slab. Page 29. t. Two cranial plates, showing the tuberculated ornamentation. E 2371. 2. Postero-medianventral, showing outer, ornamented face. E 2372. 3. Median occipital, in inner, or visceral view. FE 2371. Fig. 4. Coccosteus sp. Postero-ventromedian, in inner view; about natural size. 7 Fig. 5. Coccosteus sp. Postero-ventromedian, in outer view. X 3. E 2376, p. 31. L 206 PLATE 4 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 im N PEATE, 5 Coccosteus canadensis Woodward Upper Devonic; Scaumenac Bay, Quebec, Canada Fig. 1. Plates in matrix, X 2, p. 27. ASG, left antero-superognathal, in inner view; AVL, left antero-ventrolateral, outer view. (Posterior half is lacking.) L, lower arm of lateral, inner view; Mnd, impression of mandible, lacking anterior extremity; PSG, left postero-superognathal, inner view; SO, left suborbital, inner view. E 2374. Fig. 2. Postero-superognathal, shown in figure 1, natural size. Fig. 3. Antero-superognathal, shown in figure 1, natural size. It shows the functional! region well and the articulating process. PLATE 5 Vol. 12 flor Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sc "3 = sl 209 PLATE 6 Dinichthys terrelli Newberry Cleveland shale (Upper Devonic); Linndale, near Cleveland: Ohio Fig. 1. Right suborbital, outer view, X 4. The specimen is an impression in shale and the figure is of a cast made fromit. FE 2380, p. 32. Figs. 2, 3. Left mandible, in outer (2), andinner (3), views. X 3. E 2379, p. 32. 210 PLATE 9 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 Allal PLATE 7 Dinichthys magnificus, n. sp. Plates belonging to type specimen, E 2381. Near base of Rhinestreet shale (Portage); Eighteen Mile Creek, near Hamburg, N. Y. Fig 1. Left mandible, lacking blade, or inserted portion, in outer view. Some- what less than X 3, p. 41. Fig. 2. Right lateral, or ‘‘clavicular,’’ in outer view, X 3. Figure is of a cast, of the specimen, which is an impression, p. 42. Fig. 3. Right postero-ventrolateral, in outer view. X }. Figure is of a cast of the specimen, which is an impression, p. 43. bo = bo Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 7 PLATE 8 Figs. 1, 1a. Dinichthys magnificus, n. sp. . Anterior extremity of a left mandible, X 3. 1, outer view; 1a,inner view. E 1936, p. 43. Fig. 2. Dinichthys magnificus, n. sp. Posterior, or inserted portion of a right mandible, X 3. The black portion of the figure is represented by the impression, the rest by actual bone. FE 1960, p. 44. 214 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 8 PLATE 9 Dinichthys magnificus, n. sp. Figs. 1, 2. Small left postero-superognathal; natural size. 1, outer view; 2, inner view. E 1942, p. 45. Fig. 3. Imperfect large left postero-superognathal, outer view. Natural size E 10937, p- 44. PLATE 9 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 I~ N PLATE to Dinichthys newberryi Clarke Figs. 1, 1a. Left antero-superognathal of a young individual, in inner (1), and outer (1a), views; natural size. E 1940, p- 40. Fig. 2. Functional half of a left mandible, in matrix; outer view. X °. E 2382, p. 48. 218 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 10 PLATE 11 Dinichthys newberryi Clarke Figs. 1, 1a. Left antero-superognathal, in outer (1), and inner (1a), views; nat- ural size. E 1939, p. 48. Figs. 2, 2a. Juvenile left antero-superognathal, in outer (2), and inner (2a), views; slightly larger than natural size. FE 1955, p. 49. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 11 221 PLATE 12 Dinichthys pustulosus Eastman Hamilton limestone (Mid Devonic); Milwaukee, Wis. Originals in private collection of Mr. E. E. Teller, Buffalo, N. Y. Fig. 1. Left antero-superognathal, in outer view. X 3. Cast of specimen E 2384, p. 51. Fig. 2. Cast of antero-ventromedian, in outer view, showing ornamentation of fine tubercles, and extent of ornamented area. X 32. E 2385, p. 51. Fig. 3. Right antero-dorsolateral, in outer view; margins restored. P. 51. bo bo bo Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 12 PLATE 13 Fig. 1. Dinichthys pustulosus Eastman. Rostral element in matrix; outer view. It shows the ornamentation well. Original in private collection of E. E. Teller, Buffalo, N. Y. Fig. 2. Ditto. Beak of a right mandible, in inner view, showing row of sym- physeal denticles (s). Natural size. E 18096. p. 51. Fig. 3. Dinichthys sp. ‘‘Tooth” of a left antero-superognathal. X 2. (By inadvertance printed upside down.) E 1958, p. 62. Fig. 4. Dinichthys pustulosus Eastman. Left marginal of a small cranium, showing sensory canal. X %. E 1973, p. 52. Fig. 5. Dinichthys sp. Half of a postero-dorsolateral, in outer view. X i. E 1908, p. 63. 224 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 13 BES PLATE 14 Fig. 1. Dinichthys sp. Incomplete postero-ventrolateral, in matrix. Natural Sizes 250 ps5. Fig. 2. Dinichthys sp. Functional half of a right mandible, in outer view; EH 2510, p. 6x. much worn by use. Natural size. PLATE 14 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 I~ N N PLATE 15 Fig. 1. Stenognathus gouldi? (Newberry). Anterior half of right mandible; outer view. Natural size, FE 2392, p. 71. hig: Stenognathus ringuebergi Newberry. Type. Dorsomedian. X 2. P. 69. Original in private collection of Mr. E. N. S. Ringueberg, Lockport, N. Y. 228 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 15 PLATE 16 ‘ Figs. 1, ra. Dinichthys sp. Right postero- supp romroitral, in outer r (), and int (1a), views. Natural size. E 1943, p- 62. ea } e mS i ; is ; Fig. 2. Dinichthys sp. Right postero- scigeel bal, in. matrix; inner view pe ‘ie natural size. E 2388, p. 62. meg eS Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 16 PLATE 17 Fig. 1. Dinichthys magnificus? Rostral element in matrix; outer view. 4 E 1981, p. 60. Vig. 2. Dinichthys sp. Fragmentary plate ornamented with tubercles. X E 1996, p. 63. Fig. 3. Dinichthys sp. Fragmentary plate ornamented with small tubercles; natural size. FE 1997, p. 64. 232 PLATE 17 Vol. 12 is ) Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sc 233 PLATE 18 Fig. 1. Dinichthys sp. A very small left antero-superognathal, X 5. This is the smallest antero-superognathal of Dinichthys ever found. E 1951, p. 61. Fig. 2. Dinichthys sp. A juvenile right antero-ventrolateral; natural size. E 2380, p. 63. Fig. 3. Dinichthys sp. Spiniferous plate, imperfect at one extremity, in matrix. <2. E 2011, p. 64. 234 PLATE 18 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 235 PLATE 19 Fig. 1. Titanichthys sp. Anterior third of a small right mandible, in inner, or oral, view. The anterior extremity is restored, and posteriorly the outer face is embedded in matrix. X 4. E 2391, p. 65. Vig. 2. Ditichthys sp. Median occipital, ornamented with small tubercles arranged in linear series radiating from a center; in matrix. Natural size. E 2008, p. 60 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 19 PLATE 20 Figs. 1, ta, tb. Perissognathus aduncus, n. g.,n.sp. Type. Right mandible in matrix; outer view. . Natural size. FE 2397, p. 81. 1a. Symphyseal region of type, showing the row of upturned symphyseal den- ticles. Natural size. tb. Another view of same. Fig. 2. Small element, probably a lateral of an indeterminate Arthrodire. Nat- ural size. E 1988, p. 97- 238 Bull. Buffato Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 20 PLATE a1 Figs. 1, 1a, 1b. Macherognathus woodwardi, n. g.,n. sp. Type. Right man- dible, lacking posterior extremity, X 3. E 1935, p. 83. I, outer view; Ia, inner view; 1b, as it appears resting on the outer face, to show sigmoidal curvature, antero-posteriorly. Fig. 2. Stenognathus insignis, n. sp. Type. Right mandible, in outer view. X4 E1932, p- 73- 240 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. Vol. 12 PLATE 21 PLATE 22 Tig. 1. Dinichihys magnificus, n. sp. Cast of postero-ventrolateral belonging to type specimen; inner view. X 4. E2381, p. 42. Fig. 2. Copanognathus crassus, n. g., n. sp. Microsection of type mandible, Fig. 3, 4. Copanognathus crassus,n.g., n.sp. Sections of type mandible; natural size. 3, section near posterior extremity; 4, section at about first third, p. 84 ie) is ne) Bull. Buffalo Soc..Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 22 PLATE 2) Fig. rt. Dinomylostoma buffaloensis, n. sp. Right mandible, in matrix view. X 3. E 1064, p. 88. . Ie SOuUterey Fig. 2. Dinomylostoma sp. Left mandible of a juvenile individual. x 1. B zi 2042) D400 eae ad ibe bennett “oo ee a Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 23 PLATE 24 Fig. 1. Dinomylostoma buffaloensis, n. sp. Cotype. Right mandible, lacking posterior half of inserted portion, in outer view. Natural size. E 1961, p. 86. Fig. 2. Dinomylostoma buffaloensis, n. sp. Cotype. Left mandible, lacking only a very little of the posterior extremity; in inner view. A part of outer face is embedded in matrix. X about 3. E 1965, p. 86. Fig. 3. Dictyopyge macrura (W. C. Redfield). Fragment of head plate enlarged ro times, to show style of ornamentation. E 2126, p. 193. Fig. 4. Dinomylostoma buffaloensis, n. sp. Functional half of a left mandible; inner view. X %. E 1966, p. 88. Fig. 5. Dinomylostoma buffaloensis? Functional half of a Jeft mandible; outer view. X 2. E 1968, p. 80. 246 PLATE 24 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 247 PLATE 25) Aspidichthys notabilis Whiteaves 1 Right antero-ventrolateral, incomplete anteriorly; outer view. a he posterior extremity is restored from a squeeze of impression in the matrix. He I nOzO, - Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 25 249 PLATE 26 Aspidichthys notabilis Whiteaves Fig. 1. Front half of antero-ventromedian. Photographed from a cast, original being an impression. Natural size. E 2399, p. 93. Fig. 2. Fragmentary plate, perhaps part of a ventral. XX 2. E1971, p. 93. bo on S Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 26 251 PLATE 27 Fig. 1. Dinichthys sp. Juvenile right antero-superognathal, in outer view; natural size. E 1954, p. 62. Fig. 2. Dinichthys newberryi? juvenile. Left antero-superognathal, in outer view; natural size. E 1956, p. 40. Fig. 3. Dinichthys insolitus,n.sp. Type. Right antero-superognathal. Natural size. FE 2387, p. 53. Figs. 4, 4a. Perissognathus aduncus, n. g., n. sp. Beak of a left mandible of about same size as the type (see Pl. 20), showing the symphyseal denticles well. Natural size. 4, outer view; 4a,inner view. E 2165, p. 83. Figs. 5, 6. Dinomylostoma? ‘Two upper dental elements, in oral view. Natural size. E 1859 and E 2308, p. go. Fig. 7. Small left antero-superognathal of an undetermined Arthrodire. XX 3 FE 1946, p. 96. Ds? Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 27 PLATE 28 Fig. 1. Dinichthys? Plate in matrix, outer view; natural size. E 2035, p. 65. Fig. 2. Dinichthyid, sp. indet. Very small juvenile lateral, or ‘‘clavicular,” in matrix; outer view. XX 2. E 2043, p. 97: Fig. 3. Dinichthys newberryi? Postero-ventromedian. XX ?, E 1986, p. 50. Fig. 4. Acanthaspis sp. Detached lateral spine. X 2. E 2013, p. Ioo. 254 PLATE 28 12 Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. Bull. ive) N Pee es inal aaa PIA. 207) at naan se Fig. 1. Selenosteus? sp. Ventral plates, natural size. Fig. 2. Eczematolepis fragilis (Newberry). Plate ‘in matrix. p- 102. Fe nt Sime ete Dit - : ea i ip eae ‘ £ - PLATE 29 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 WwW N PLATE 30 Fig. 1. Eczematolepis fragilis (Newberry). Incomplete plate in matrix; outer face. It shows the ornamentation of fine tubercles. Natural size. E 2014, p. 102. Fig. 2. Acanthaspis sp. Antero-ventrolateral, in matrix; inner, or visceral, face. Natural size. E 2024, p. rot. PLATE 30 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 SPLAT a Holonema “abbrevialum (Eastman) Plate showing well the characteristic ornamen ation; in matrix. Na: 1B, AOS, \ODs st : Ben et a ot Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 ; PLATE 31 261 PLATE 32 Fig. 1. Holonema rugosum (Claypole). Cast of a complete plate. It shows tooth marks made by a Dinichthyid. Natural size. E 2513, p. 104. Original in private collection of Mr. E. E. Teller, Buffalo, N. Y. Fig. 2. Phyllolepis elegans, n. sp. Type. Plate in matrix Natural size. E. 2438, p. 21. 262 PLATE 32 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 33 Fig. 1. Oéstophorus lilleyi (Newberry). Fragmentary plate showing character- istic arrow-head-like ornamentation. X 23. Conodont bed. E 2012, p. 105. Fig. 2. Holonema sp. Cast of a fragmentary plate, remarkable for its thickness (overrcm.). Natural size. E 2512, p. 104. Original in private collection of Mr. Edgar E. Teller, Buffalo, N. Y. 264 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 33 PLATE 34 Figs. 1, 3. Ptyctodus calceolus Newb. and Worthen. Right lower dental plate; natural size. 1, oral view, showing entire tritor; 3,inner view. E 1884, p. 108. Fig. 2. Microsection of Ptyctodus calceolus, cut parallel to the side wall of the tritor. 266 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 34 267 PRE AGE a 35) ; Microsections of Ptyctodus howlandi, n. - SP P- 112. erga Fig. 1. Section parallel to side wall of tritor. ne ae pen hig. Portion of the same more highly magnified to show tlie radiating tubules. Bull. Buffalo Soc.. Nat. Sci, Vol. 12 PLATE 35 269 PLATE 36 All figures natural size Figs. 1, 2, 10. Ptyctodus calceolus Newb. and Worthen. ity 2 1d) THOS, 0), 1KO\OY, to, KE 2431, p. 100. Figs. 3-9; 11, 12. Ptyctodus compressus Eastman. 3, E. 1914, p. IIo. 4, E 2410, p. 111. 5, HE LoL; p. Ilo: 6, EH 1017, Pp: ILO; 7, E 2432, p. 115. E 1914, p. Ilo. 9, E 1912, p. Ilo. ii, 1d) BAe. 10), iseite 12, EH 19L4, p. ILO. 270 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 36 | gina ai Bip mites PLATE 37 All figures natural size Figs. 1-8; 10-13. Ptyctodus compressus Eastman. 1, E 2406; p. 111. 2, E 19017, p. 110. 3, E 19144, p. IIo. 4, E 1914, p. IIo. 5, E r9t4a, p. IIo. 6, E 1914, p. 110. 7, I 2433 (By inadvertence this is the same specimen as the one figured in Pl. 36, fig. 11.) Ss 2Az 2s Tire LO) 162408) ip.) Bua. Die) 2AM MT Tale 1D, Veh iWGjitik) 70), 10s). TeW 2408 np. hi. Fig. 9, Ptyctodus calceolus Newb. and Worthen, E 1913, p. 100. bo ~I bo Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 37 3 a sr ee 273 PLATE 38 Ptyctodus howlandt, n. sp. Figs. 1, 4, 5. Type. Left lower dental plate, X about 2. FE toto, p. 112. I, outer view; 4, inner view; 5, oral view (the anterior downward). Fig. 2. Left lower dental plate, X 3. E 2426, p. 115. Fig. 3. Enlargement of surface view of tritoral area of type specimen. Fig. 6. Right lower denta plate, natural size, showing tritoral area. E 2421, p.1I5. 274 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 5 PLATE 38 PLATE 39 Rhynchodus ornatus, n. sp. Figs. 1, ta, 2. Cotypes. Two left lower dental plates, posteriorly incomplete, JONy TELE I, outer view, natural size. FE 1950. 1a, the same enlarged about 1} times, to show ornamentation of longi- tudinal lines. 2, outer view, natural size. E1rgsoa. It shows the entire cutting margin, which is imperfect in Cotype1. Note same style ornamentation as in Cotype 1, near lower margin. Figs. 3, 3a. Anterior portion of a dental plate, ornamented on both outer and innerfaces witha few pronounced, smooth tubercles. Naturalsize. E 19474, p.118. 3, outer view. (The beak is toward the right.) Note 3 or 4 large, low tubercles. 3a, inner view. Note the beveled cutting margin, and 2 or 3 low, smooth tubercles. Figs. 4, 4a. Dental plate, showing a few low, smooth protuberances or tubercles. Natural size. E 1947, p. 118. 4, outer view; 4a, inner. (The anterior cusp is not a beak; it has a specious appearance due to a part of the cutting margin being broken away.) PLATE 39 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 277 PLATE 40 Figs. 1, 2, 3. Ptyctodus sp. Three tritors in profile view, to show progressive wearing down with use. 1, E 2407; natural size. 2, 1926 \(2))s XS, p: ELA. 3, E 1926; natural size, p. 114. Fig. 4. Paleomylus sp. Small dental plate (juvenile?), in inner view; natural size. E 2448, p. 123. Fig. 5. Anterior portion of dental plate, inner view; natural size. E 2440, Dint23s Fig. 6. Paleomylus lunaformis, n. sp. Type. Dental plate, natural size. E 1928, p. I19Q, 278 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 40 PLATE 41 Figs. 1, 2. Paleomylus sp. A right lower dental plate (E 2446),and the beak of a left one (E 2453), p. 122. 1, profile view, X about%. 2, oral view, X 3. Figs. 3, 4, 5. Paleomylus sp. Three fragments of dental plates of same species as preceding, showing tritoralregion. X 3. E 1929 and E 1930, p. 122. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. PLATE 41 281 PLATE 42 Deinodus bennetti, n. g., N. sp. All figures natural size Fig r. An elongated, tapering plate, embedded with one face in matrix. Three sides are shown, the lateral ones ornamented with tubercles and the one between them smooth. The latter and one of the ornamented sides are shown in the figure. E 2451, p. 125. Fig. 2. A plate resembling the preceding. The opposite side to the one shown in the figure is excavated with vascular surfaces as though for a pulp cavity. E 2461, p. 126. Fig. 3. Type. Dental plate, slightly defective posteriorly, in outer view. It shows the beak, the bevelled functional margin, and the tubercles ornamenting the outer face. E 1856, and counterpart, E 2450, p. 123. 282 Buli. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 42 PLATE 43 Deinodus bennetti, n. g., n. sp. All figures natural size Fig. 1. Fragmentary plate, showing characteristic ornamentation. E 2460, p. 126. Fig. 2. Plate, partly restored. E 2493, p. 126. Fig. 3. An elongated, tapering element similar to the one in Plate 42, figure 1, showing near one end the tuberculated ornamentation. E 2468, p. 126. 284 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 43 PLATE 44 Figs. 1, 1a. Cladodus urbs-ludovict Eastman. Tooth in front (1), and lateral (ta), views. X 3. E1g00., p. 130. Fig. 2. Anodontacanthus pusillus,n.sp. Type. Small spine, incomplete at both. extremities. XX 3. E 1015, p. 156. Figs 3, 3a, 3b. Dittodus priscus (Eastman). 4. E root, p. 144. 3. Tooth in front view, showing ornamentation. 3a. Outline of side view of another tooth, to show antero-posterior width of root and position of the ‘‘button.”’ 3b. Tooth from above, to show entire root and the ‘“‘button.” Fig. 4. Orodus devonicus,n.sp. Type. Tooth, X 3. E 1903, p. 153. 286 PLATE 44 12 Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. Bull. 287 ae 4s A ‘Cladoselache® acanthopterygius Dean. wal fins and entire length of body to caudal. y ae a. iE 2474, P. 128. vs ee nr Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 45 289 “PLATE a6 -Cladoselache brachypterygius Dean. Shark lacking caudal extremity pectorals are well shown. X }. E 2475, P- 130. arenes Bes es ae | Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 46 Hilti Cladoselache desmo pterygius Dean. Front half of a shark, sh 0 and one pectoral fin. X 4. E 2476, p. 130. PLATE 47 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 ise) N PLATE 48 Cladoselache fyleri (Newberry). Complete shark, 39 cm. in length, in ventra. view. It shows well the pectorals and the lateral caudal keels. XX 3. E 2480, p. 134. The black streaks extending from the head diagonally toward the upper corners of the figure, and also three lesser ones in the lower half of the fish, are formations in the matrix and not part of the shark. 294 PLATE 48 i uF Ovi Bull. Buffalo Sc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 BBS) PLATE 49 Cladoselache kepleri (Newberry). Complete shark, 160 cm. in length, as far as preserved; in ventral view. X 75. It shows well the blunt head, the pectorals, one ventral, and one lobe of the caudal fin. E 2481, p. 135. 296 PLATE 49 Vol. 12 ivy Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sc 297 Cladoselache kepleri (Newberry). fins. X 3. E2482, p. 137. > ‘ ois ~ . Re en haae Spe « PLATE 50. Part of a large 0g 3LV1d ZL IOA “19S “FEN “90g O]eJENg “ING 299 PLATE 51 Fig. 1. Ctenacanthus nodocostatus, n. sp. Type. Complete spine. Original is an impression in sandstone, and the figure is from a wax squeeze of it. Natural size. E 2083, p. 150. Fig. 2. Acanthodes concinnus Whiteaves. Enlargement of shagreen, X about 15. Taken from specimen E 2485 (see text-fig. 50), p. 141. Fig. 3. Acanthodin spine, in matrix. x61 E 2486, p. 142. Fig. 4. Acanthodes concinnus Whiteaves. Pectoral fin-spine of specimen of which shagreen is figured (this plate, fig. 2). FE 2485. XX 34, p. 141. 300 PLATE 51 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 52 Fig. 1. Gamphacanthus uddeni (Lindahl). Spine in matrix; natural size. E 1875, p. 164. Fig. 2. Ctenacanthus wrighti Newberry. Fragment of a spine showing character- istic ornamentation. X 14. E 1904, p. 161. Figs 3, 5. Gyracanthus sarlet,n.sp. Type, E 2487, p. 142. 3. Proximal half of spine, in matrix; # size. 5. Cross-section, X 5. Fig. 4. Gyracanthus sp. Spine, X 14. E 2480, p. 144. 302 PLATE 52 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 53 Pig. 1. Macherancantius major Newberry. Distal half of spine, in matrix xz. FE 1840, p. 166. Fig. 2. Macheracanthus major Newberry. Distal half of spine, in matrix. Xz. E1848, p. 166. Fig. 3. Macheracanthus peracutus Newberry. Distal half of spine, in matrix. Xie) Er osOn pe ro7. Fig 4. Macheracanthus sp. Distal extremity of spine, in matrix. X 3. E 2514, p. 168. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 53 PLATE 54 Figs. 1, 1a, 2. Stethacanthus precursor, n. sp., p. 169. 1. Lateral view of spine, based on the two cotypes; natural size. 1a. Cross-section at about one-third from apex; natural size. 2. A nearly complete spine—the more perfect of the two cotypes; natural size. E 1908. Fig. 3. Stethacanthus depressus (St. john and Worthen). E 2516, p. 170. squeeze of it.) Small spine, X 2. (Original is an impression in sandstone, and the figure is from a wax 1A Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 54 PLATE 55 (All figures natural size) Figs. 1, 2. Synthetodus calvini Eastman. Dental plate. E 2017, p. 159. I, inserted face; 2, oral face, showing a large worn boss. Fig. 3. Acmoniodus clarkei,n.g.,n.sp. Type. Large dental plate, in oral view; nat. size. It shows an elliptical anterior tritor, and a larger, subtriangular, pos- terior tritor. (Cf. text-fig. 53.) E 2575, p. 152. 308 PLATE 55 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. Vol. 12 309 PLATE 56 ‘ Bigsgrs Dipterus sp. eam dental plate, n matrix. Oe aa 2a. Dipterus gemmalus, i. sp. Type. Dental plate, in matrix, E ae = 2517p IE 7OR Fig. 2 is D3 ie2ans x 5, to bring out the surface puncte. ets Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. Vol. 12 PLATE 56 PLATE 57 Figs. 1, 2. Cheirolepis canadensis Whiteaves. Enlargement of scales, X about Bis Both figures from E 2558, p. 181. Fig. 3. Scawmenacia curta (Whiteaves). Impression of posterior portion of upper surface of head, showing sutures and sensory canals. Near the head is seen the dentition. E 2521, p. 172. Fig. 4. Scaumenacia curta (Whiteaves). Dentitionshownin preceding figure, X 3. Figs. 5, 6, 7. Enlargement of shagreen scales found isolated in the Conodont bed. Fig. 6 is the under side of a scale like that in Fig. 5, and shows a flange for overlap. Oo = bo Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 57 PLATE 58 Onychodus si ,moides Newberry Fig. 1. Laniary tooth from mandible, X 3. E 1873, p. 180. Fig. 2. Series of 6 premandibular teeth, with their supporting symphyseal bone; natural size. FE 1871, p. 180. Fig. 3. Left mandible, lacking anterior extremity; outer view. X ?. E 2556. (Cf. text-fig. 59.) p.179. ang, angular; art, articular; den, dentary. 3a. Tooth of preceding enlarged 3 times. 3b. Enlargement of surface ornamentation of mandible shown in Figure 3. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 58 Imperfect. fish on shale, showing « outline of body and ‘the caudal fin. N tural size. E 2044 2, 184. 69 3LV1d “JOA “19g "JEN “90S ojejyNg “11Ng 7 . PLATE 60 4 * Rhadinichthys devonieus (Clarke) erat Fig. 1. Cleithrum, X 33- E2048. (Cf. text-fig. 61 A.) h. 184. Fig. 2. Operculum, X 3. E 2047. (Cf. text-fig. 61 B.)p. 184. : Fig. Bo Cranial plates, X 5. E 2045, p. 184. i 318 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Ssi., Vol. 12 PLATE 60 PLATE 61 Rhadinichthys devonicus (Clarke). X 4 Fig. 1. Right maxilla; outer view. It shows well the surface ornamentation. E 2051, p. 184. Fig. 2. Right maxilla; outer view. The surface ornamentation is denuded, but the teeth are well shown. (Cf. text-fig. 61 C.) E 2067, p. 185. Fig. 3. Right maxilla, defective posteriorly; outer view. E 2050, p. 185. 320 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 61 Os bo ee PLATE 62 Rhadinichthys devonicus (Clarke) Fig. 1. Left mandible, denuded of surface ornamentation. xX 4. FE 2055, p. 184. Figs. 2, 3. Detached scales, magnified, to show surface ornamentation. FE 2061, p. 184. Fig. 4. Cranial plates and scales, showing characteristic ornamentation of his species. X 5. E 2049, p. 184. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 FLATE 62 PLATE 63 Figs. 1, 2. Rhadinichthys devonicus (Clarke). Fin-rays, highly magnified. Part of same specimen as cranial plates shown in Plate 62, figure 4. E 2049,p.184. Fig. 3. Rhadinichthys antiquus (Williams). Caudal extremity of fish, showing scales and the fulcra of lowerlobe. X 5. E 2065, p. 186. 324 PLATE 63 Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 Bull. Fig. 1. Tsk dbs, X 2. 1B, 2068, Pp. preoe Fig. 2. Ridge scale, outer. view. Os 18; 2074) Fign3s Ridge scale, inner view. Xx 8. Dede Hig? 4. Ridge scales, inner view. X 8. E 2074 Figs. a On Detached scales, Ge 7 18 2074, P p. DET it ema i : < hee ri --Rhadinicht ys antiguas (Wi I ere p. 187. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 64 327 PLATE 65 Fig. 1. Rhadinichthys .devonicus? (Clarke). Right maxilla, outer view, show- ing nearly entire outline and the surface ornamentation. X 4. E 2565, p.185. Cleveland shale; Ohio. Fig. 2. Rhadinic thys devonicus (Clarke). Right maxilla, in outer view; from the Portage shale, near Buffalo, N. Y., for comparison with the preceding from the Cleveland shale. X 4. E 2c66, p: 185. Fig. 3. Rhadinichthys devonicus? (Clarke). Mandibles, separated from each other and both displaying the outer, ornamented surface. X 4. FE 2566,p.185. Cleveland shale: Ohio. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 65 PLATE 66 Rhadinic’ us: elegant (Bastman) sal and anal fins. x te E 2003, P- 190. aL - ¥ PLATE 66 Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 se ATE or Diconaie macrura ae © Read) PLATE 67 Bull. Buffalo Soc. ‘Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 - Wah he Sg PLATE 68 Lepisosteus simplex Leidy. X about }. E2 50, p. 196. Green River shales: Wyoming. eye Ran : s PLATE 68 12 Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. Bull. PLATE, ae ; pel Biesere USiejora aii ringuebergi (Newbery): Slab of shale, a Si by, 37 cm., bie showing the dorsomedian (DIZ), a postero-ventrolateral plate (V), and portion of He 18; the notochord (NV) with neural (n. a.) and haemal WU ) DHCASS. 2595; D209. eras Di Fig. 2. _ Dinichthys ee n. > aie Left mandible, in outer view. xs ‘s E 2506, p. 55: a . 336 Setary stat Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. Vol. 12 PLATE 69 PLATE 7o Fig. 12 Coccosteus parvulus, ne sp. Cranial shield, represented chiefly by the impression; the bone is shown only in regions of left orbit; left marginal, and the median occipital. On the left marginal the lateral canal is to be seen. X 1. E 2597; P- 30. Fig. 2. Eusthenopteron foordi Whiteaves. Pectoral fin, X 1. Belongs to specimen, E. 2594, p. 178. Fig. 3. Dinichthys sp. Left mandible, in inner view, X }. Collected and presented by Mr. E. J. Armstrong, Erie, Pa. E 2508, p. 54- Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 12 PLATE 70 339 INDEX Detailed descriptions of species are referred to by black face numbers. trations are indicated by an *. tule omitted. A Acanthaspis, 98 armata, 10, 18, 99, 100 associated plates of, *98, *o9 SP., 13, 19, 100, ror, *254, *258 Acanthodes concinnus, *141 pectoral spine of, *300 shagreen denticles of, *300 Acanthodian spines, 15, 142, *300 Acanthodii, 140 Acmoniodus clarkei, 13, *308 Acondylacanthus zquicostatus, 156 Actinopterygii, 181 Agassiz, Louis, cited, 148 Albert Mine, Albert Co., N. B., 188, 189, IQI, 198 Anodontacanthus, characters of, 157 are probably Pleuracanth head- spines, 157 pusillus, 15, 156, *286 Antiarchi, 23 Apateacanthus vetustus, 157 Armstrong, E. J., mandible found by, ia a lbyx. 54 on invertebrates associated with man- dible, 55 specimens presented by, 168, *338 Arthrodira, 26 gradations between dental plates of and Rhynchodonts, 125 genera indet.— antero-superognathal, 96, *252 dorsomedian, *96 head and body plates, 96, 97 lateral (juvenile), 97, *254 mandibles, *94, *95 sclerotic rings of, 41 symphyseal denticles in, 82 Aspidichthys notabilis, 13, 91, *248, *250 from Conodont bed, 93 ornamentation of, compared, 91-92 Aspidorhynchus acutirostris, 195 Atopacanthus, 157 dentatus, 19, 158, *159 peculiaris, 158, *159 Aurora (East), N. Y., 21 341 Tllus- Mere incidental references to species are as a B Bennett, Lewis J., species named for, 124 “Black Naples” shale, see Rhinestreet Boonton, N. J., 192, 194 Bothriolepis, 23 canadensis, 23, 24 nitida, 25 species in North America, 23 Bristol Center, N. Y., 45 Broom, R., on mandible of Sauripterus taylori, 180 Bryant, W. L., collecting trips by, 7 specimens collected by, 7, 21, 23, 25, 26, 32, 65, 69, 96, 97, 123, 127, 142, 149, 108, 172, 174, 175, 176, 181, 184, 186, 188 See also references under Eighteen Mile Creek Buffalo, fossil fish localities within 50 miles of (map), *8 Cement Quarry, 25, 96, 123, 125, 167, 168 Cemetery Quarry, 166, 167 Park Quarry, 125, 166, 168 C Canandaigua Lake, N. Y., 142 Carcharodon auriculatus, 154 megalodon, 155 Carll, J. F., specimens collected by, 139, 149, 159, 170, 171, 176, 190 Catopterus gracilis, 192 redfieldi, 192 Catskill, specimens from the, 25, 139, 159, 160, 170, 175, 176 Cazenovia Creek, N. Y. (Rhinestreet shale), 21, 55 (Tully limestone), 123, 149 Cement Quarry, see under Buffalo Cheirolepis canadensis, 181, *312 Chemung, specimens from the, 54, 168, 175, 176 Cladacanthus, see Erismacanthus Cladodus coniger, 139 urbs-ludovici, 15, 139, *286 342 Cadoselache Pee SuguES *1 28 *288 brachypterygius, 129) *290 , desmopterygius, THO), GIES TRG), “AIo yn eastmani, 19, *133 fyleri, 134, *204 kepleri, 135, *136, *137, *296, *208 newberryi, *138 from the Waverly of Kentucky, 134n Clarke, J. M., acknowledgment to, 55 cited, 97, 45, 182 on Rhadinichthys devonicus, 182 species named for, 15 Cleveland shale, Cladoselachians in the collection from, 128 Dinichthyids from, 32 Rhadinichthys from, 185 specimens collected in, by W. L. Bryant, 7 Coccosteus canadensis, 26, 27, *208 decipiens, 26 parvulus, 19, 29, 30, *206, *338 sp., from Conodont bed, 13, 31 from Rhinestreet shale, 31, 32 mandible, *31 postero-ventromedian, *206 Cockerell, T. D. A., cited, 195 Ccelacanthus elegans, 181 Conodont bed, 12 best exposure of, *204 fishes, list of, 13, 1 fishes of, found also elsewhere, 17 fishes peculiar to, 16 fossils, mode of occurrence of, 13 fragmental matter in, 12, 17 lithology of, 12 named by Hinde, 12 origin of, 18 slab of, with 21 fossils, *14 specimens collected from, by W. L. Bryant, 13 wood fragments in, 17 Copanognathus crassus, 13, 84, *85, *o49 Cope, E. D., cited, 176 Coprolites, 198 Cossman, M.., cited, 35 Crossopterygil, 174 as ancestors of the Tetrapoda, 180 structure of mandible in, 179 Ctenacanthus nodocostatus, 159, sp. (Conodont bed), 15, 161 wrighti, 15, 161, *302 Cycliz, 107 Cyrtacanthus, affinities of, 163 dentatus, *162 dentatus? 161, *162 *200 INDEX D Davis, J. W., cited, 124, 126, 157 Day, D.F. , specimen presented by, 194 Deinodus bennetti, to, 123, *282, *284 compared with Oracanthus milleri, 124 Dermal plates, probably arthrodiran, i060 Devonic formations in New York State (table), 9 Dictyopyge, 192 macrura, 192, 193, *246, *332 Dinichthys— “‘armstrongi,” name suggested, 54 dolichocephalus. See Stenognathus dolichocephalus insolitus, 13, 53, 56, *252 intermedius? 19, 33, *34, *35 magnificus, 13), TOs sgh abs *o16, *242 concretion containing type of, *37 cranial shield, outline er #40 restoration of head, *2 sclerotic ring, *41 specimens from Conodont bed, 43, 44 type specimen, *38, 39-43 magnificus? *232, *252 newberryi, 13, 45, *218, *220 antero- “superognathal, how meas- ured, *49 dentition, nestonee of, *47 specimens from Conodont bed, 48-50 type specimen of, *46 newberryi? *254 pustulosus, 13, 50, *222, from Conodont bed, 52 from Genundewa limestone, 53 from Hamilton limestone, 51 sp., from Chemung, 54, * 338 sp., from Conodont bed, %o, 61, 62, 63, 64, *224, P2205 ¥530, 4 "DOD, “EVA eNO. 7) sp., from the Portage (ventral armor), 56, *58, *50 sp., from the Rhinestreet, *64, 65, P22 On tenuidens, 109, *55, *336 terrelli, 32, *40, *210 Dinomylostoma buffaloensis, 13, 18, 86, *87, *244, *246 specimens of, from Conodont bed, 87, *oTA, *204 9 specimens of, from West River shale. 89 sp., juvenile, 13, 19, go, * 244 INDEX Dinomylostoma? Upper dental plates, — 90, *252 Diplodus, see Dittodus Diplomystus brevissimus, 197 humilis, see Knightia humilis Dipneusti, 170 Dipnoan scale, sp. indet., 174 Dipterus gemmatus, 15, 170, *310 nelsoni, 171 Spe else 2703 ro valenciennesi, 171 Dittodus, 144 gradations to Phcebodus, 148 grabaui, 15, 147, *148 priscus, 15, 144, *145, *286 Sp-, 149 striatus, 15, 146 Dollo, Louis, cited, 82, 125 E Eastman, C. R., cited, 25, 35, 45, 53; 57, 98, 102, 107, 145, 151, 164, 170, 189, 192, 195 criticism of his view on affinities of Gamphacanthus, 1637” on Macheracanthus longzevus, 166 Eczematolepis, correct name for Acan- tholepis, 101” fragilis, to, 13, tor, *256, *258 telleri, 102 Edestus minor, 163 Eighteen Mile Creek— geological section on, *11, *202, *204 specimens from, 20, 30, 31, 37, 43, 48, 52, 53, 60, 70, 71, 73, 78; 81, 82, 83, 84, 86,91 93.94, 96, Op LOL NELO2s eLOSMELTOAME TOSS TOO WE LO7 LOS LLON Eno nhs. I16, 118, II9, 122, 123, 126, 134, 140, 142, 144, 146, 147, I51, I52, 153, 156, 161, 169, 170, I71 Elasmobranchii, 127 divisions of, 127 Elonichthys browni, 101 Encrinal limestone, 53 Eocene 154, 155 Erie, Pa., 54, 168 Erismacanthus, 163 Eurylepis, see Haplolepis Euostracophori, 21 history of term, 21” Euselachii, 149 term introduced by O. P. Hay, 127” Eusthenopteron foordi, 176, *338 F Fritsch, A., cited, 147, 157 343 G Galeocerdo levissimus, 155 Gamphacanthus, 163 affinities of, 163” politus, 164 uddeni, 164, *302 Genera, new, list of, 20 Genesee, exposure of on Eighteen Mile Creek; *202 Genundewa (or Styliola) layer, fishes of, 18 Geological formations’ in vicinity of Buffalo, 7 Glyptaspis abbreviata, see Holonema abbreviatum eastmani, see Holonema rugosum Grabau, A. W., cited, 11 determines horizon of a specimen, 142n species named for, 148 Green River shales, 195, 198 Gregory, W. K., cited, 180 Gyracanthide, are Acanthodii, 140 Gyracanthides murrayi, 140 Gyracanthus sarlei, 142, *302 compared with related species, 143 resemblance to Macheracanthus, 143 Gyracanthus sp., 15, 144, *302 Gyrodus circularis, 194 H Hamburg, Erie Co., N. Y., 10, 29, 37, 72, 158 Hamilton, fishes of the, in vicinity of Buffalos, to Haplolepis granulata, ror tuberculata, 191 Hay, O. P., cited, 101, 144m, 149, 178, 195 introduced term Euselachii, 127” Helodus rugosus, 149 Hemipristis serra, 155 Hemiptychodus mortoni, 155 Heteracanthus, see Gamphacanthus Hinde, G. J., named the Conodont bed, 12 on fish remains of the Conodont bed, 12 Holonema abbreviatum, 13, 18, 102, *260 rugosum, 104, *262 sp., of remarkable thickness, 104, *264 Holoptychius americanus, 175 giganteus, 175 giganteus? 25 halli, 176 quebecensis, *174, 175 nobilissimus, 176 serrulatus? 176 344 Hoplopteryx superbus, 108 Houghton, F., cited, 9 2, 11 collected part of Dinichythys con- cretion, 37 Howland, H. R., acknowledgment to, 6 species named for, 114 Eussakor, wuss cited, 922% 204 ain aucin 68, 71, 72, 77, 78, 82, 86, 158, L772 on Apateacanthus spines, 157 restoration of Scaumenacia, 172 on synonymy of Stenognathus, 68 on term Euostracophori, 21 2 on vomerine teeth of Scaumenacia, 173 Hussakof, L., and Bryant, W. L., paper on Conodont bed, 12” Hussakofia, 35 Hybodus reticulatus, 154 I Ichthyodorulites, 156 Ichthyodorulite, indet. specimen, 170 Ichthyotomi, 144 Tsurus desorii, 154 hastalis, 154 J Jaekel, O., cited, 16, 107, 125 on presence of myxopterygia in Clad- oselache, 138 Johnson, R. H., specimen presented by, 154 Jordan, D. S., on Knightia for a sec- tion of Diplomystus, 198 Juvenile Dinichthys— antero-superognathal, 61, 62, *234, * antero-ventrolateral, 63, *234 lateral plate, *254 K Knightia humilis, 198 Koenen, A. von, cited, 57 L Lambe, L..M., cited, 188, 191 restoration of Rhadinichthys alberti, *188 on Rhadinichthys elegantulus, 189 Lambs Creek, Pa., 25, 174, 175, 176 Lamna gracilis, 154 Lepidotus maximus, 194 minor, 194 Lepisosteus, fossil species represented by entire fishes, 195 simplex, 195, 196, *334 ° INDEX Leroy, N. Y., 26, too, 180 Lexington, Ky., 51 Lindahl, J., cited, 165 Linndale (near Cleveland), Ohio, 32, 0383105 4285 Linton, Ohio (now called Yellow Creek), 181, 191 M McCoy, F., cited, 22 Macheracanthus, probably allied to Acanthodii, 140 resemblance to, of Gyracanthus sar- lei, 143 longevus, 10, 166 major, 10, *165, *304 peracutus, 15, 167, *304 sp., from Conodont bed, 168, *304 Macherognathus woodwardi, 13, 83, *84, *240 resemblance to Diplognathus, 84 Macropetalichthyida, 25 Macropetalichthys rapheidolabis, ro ash @) Mansfield, Pa., 174 Marblehead, Ohio, 26 Marcellus formation, near Buffalo, ro Megalurus elegantissimus, 197 Mesacanthus peachi, on slab with Pa- lzospondylus, 107 Miller, S. A., cited, 163” Milwaukee, Wis., 51, 102, 104, 105, II2, 116, 119, 164 Microdon elegans, 195 Microsections of— Copanoganathus mandible, *242 Ptyctodus calceolus, *266 Ptyctodus howlandi, *268 Miocene, 155 Mixer, F. K., acknowledgment to, 6 his geological investigations in vicin- ity of Buffalo, 6 fossil fishes collected by, 6, 19, 52, 56, 64, 68, 125, 162, 166, 167, 168, 184, 185 species named for, 75 N New Albany shale, 51, 86 Newberry, J. S., on affinities of Cyrta- canthus, 162 cited, 22, 36, 41, 52, 55, 64, 68, 74, TO5, 104 on a number of Dictyopyge on a single slab, 193 specimens presented by, 7, 181, 191, 192, 194. Newberry and Worthen, cited, 148 Niobrara, 155 INDEX North Evans, Erie Co., N. Y., 10, 30, 52, 53, 71, 78, 81, 83, 84, 86, ot, 93> 94, 97, 102, 103, 104, 105, LOZ LOGw IL 2 ye ELOy ere Ss TH), TAG}! WAH, GB WAL, | GIAKoy T42, 144, 147, 151, 152, 153, 156, 161, 169, 170, 171, 181 O Odontaspis cuspidata, 154 Oéstophorus lilleyi, 13, 105, *264 Old Red Sandstone, specimens in the collection from, 26, 107, 171 Onchus rectus, 168 Onondaga limestone, in vicinity of Buffalo, 8 fishes of, list, ro Onychodus, American species of, 178 sigmoides, 10, 15 178, *314 from Conodont bed, 181 from Delaware limestone 180 from Onondaga of New York, 180 mandible, structure of, 178, *179, *314 Oracanthus milleri, 124 Orodus devonicus, 15, 153, *286 elegantulus, 153 182 Palomylus, diagram key to species of, Tor greenei, *119 lunaformis, 15, 119, *120, *278 Sp 22,85 Edaphodon-like, 122, *280 juvenile element, 123, *278 Paleospondylus gunni, 107 Park Quarry, see under Buffalo Patten, W., cited, 23, 172 Perissognathus aduncus, 13, 81, *238 25s Petalodus ohioensis, 149 Phareodus testis, 198 Phlyctaenacanthus telleri, see Eczema- tolepis telleri Pheebodus, relations of to Dittodus, 148 Pholidophotrus sp., 197 Phyllolepis, 21 Woodward on relationships of, 21 elegans, 19, 21, *262 Piper, P. F., specimens collected by, 97, 166, 168 Placodermata, 22 divisions of, 22 Platyacanthus ventricosus, 157 Pleuropterygii, 127 Portage, in vicinity of Buffalo, 18 fishes of, list, 19 in section on Eighteen Mile Creek, *T1, *202 ‘ Psammodus angularis, 149 Ptyctodontide, genera of, 107 indeterminate specimens of, 126 Ptyctodus, 108 calceolus, 15, 108 from Conodont bed, 109, *270, *272, from Hamilton limestone, *266 microsection of dental, *266, compressus, I2, 15, I10, *270, *272 compressus? 112 ferox, 116 howlandi, 15, 112, *113, *274 microsections of, *268 sp., tritors showing progressive wear, *278 108, R Rathbun, R., specimens collected by, 100, 102 Reinecke, O., specimens presented by, 154, 155 Rhadinichthys, 181 indet. bones, 187 species of, in vicinity of Buffalo, 182 Rhadinichthys alberti, 188 restoration of, *188 antiquus, 19, *183, 185, *187, *324 *326 devonicus, 19, 182, *183, *185, *316, "Guley, G2D) “GLA Bae eS devonicus? (Cleveland shale), 185 elegantulus, *189, 190, *330 reticulatus, see R. devonicus, 182 “‘Rhamphodus” (J. W. Davis), 124 Rhamphodus (O. Jaekel), 125 Rhinestreet shale, in vicinity of Buffalo, 18 fishes of, list, 19 in section on Eighteen Mile Creek, It Rhynchodonts, are probably related to the Arthrodira, 125 Rhynchodus excavatus, 116 ornatus, 15, 117, 118, *276 telleri, 15, 116, *117 Richmond, Va., fossil fishes from, 193 Ringueberg, E. N. S., acknowledg- ment to, 68 cited, 69 S) Sarle, C. J., species named for, 143 specimens collected by, 7, 93, 100, 181 specimens presented by, 7 Sauripterus taylori, mandible of, 180 Scaumenac Bay, Quebec, 7, 23, 20, BUD aEY/PI, aNG ES an AD, ame yt 346 Scaumenacia curta, 171, *312 restoration of, *172 Schuchert, C., cited, on Seely Creek (Pa.), see Lambs Creek Selenosteus sp., 19, 78, *79 Selenosteus? 80, 81, *256 Semionotus fultus, 194 tenuiceps, 194. Semon, R., cited, 173 Shagreen scales, isolated, from Cono- dont bed, *312 Sharks and rays, 127 Shark vertebra, 155 Smith, Burnett, cited, 56 Species, new, list of, 20 Sphenophotus lilleyi, see Oéstophorus lilleyi Sphyrna magna, 155 Springbrook, N. Y., 12, 123, 149 Squatina alifera, 156 speciosa, 156 Stenognathus denticulatus, 13, 71, *72 dolichocephalus, 19, *66, *67 gouldi, synonymy of, 68 gouldi? mandible, 71, *228 insignis, 13, *73, 74, *240 insignis? antero-superognathal, 78 mixeri, 19, 75 plates of type specimen, *76-77 ringuebergi, 19, 68 type specimen, 69, *228 specimen showing notochord, 69- 70, *330 Stethacanthus depressus, 170, *306 precursor, 15, 169, *306 Sturgeon Point, on Lake Erie, N. Y., TO, 22, 34, 56, 69, 75, 90; 97; Tor, 184, 185, 188 Styliola layer, see Genundewa Swartz, C. K., cited, 104 Symphyseal teeth in Arthrodira, 82 Synthetodonts, are not dipnoan, 150- I51 Synthetodus calvini, 15, 150, *308 INDEX ak Teller, E. E., cited, to2 species named for, 117 specimens in his collection, reference to, 105, 222, 262, 264 specimens presented by, 7, 51, 105, 108, 112, 116, I19, 164 Titanichthys sp., *65, *236 Traquair, R. H., cited, 98 Triassic, 192, 193, 194 “Trilobite bed,” ro Macheracanthus in, to, 166 Troy, Bradford Co., Pa., 25 Tully limestone, 12 fishes of, 12 Ww Watson, D. M. S., cited, 180 and Day, Henry, cited, 172 Weller, Stuart, cited, 144 Wende, E., specimens obtained by, 196, 198 Mrs. E., specimen presented by, 196 West River shale, 18 fishes of, 18 Whiteaves, J. F., cited, 91, 141, 142 on Aspidichthys notabilis, 92 Wieland, G. R., on fragments of wood in the Conodont bed, 17 Wildungen, Germany, 16 Williams, H. U., cited, 182 his Rhadinichthys figures, copy of, 183 specimens collected by, ror Williamsville, N. Y., 102 Willink, Erie Co., N. Y., 55 Williston, S. W., cited, 180 Windom, N. Y., 89 Wright, A. A., cited, 43 Woodward, A. S., cited, 98, 124, 143”, 176, 180 / on Phyllolepis, 21 on relationships of Gyracanthide to Acanthodii, 140 species named for, 83 ei) LaehicA Sn barenunbAcy { yesdbenl LOA bth ch bbe wie th be wi ebionh te Hatatveliaymh se “e ern ereuneeinra it i thin AS ethe th Mihi er repre em Meegioy eth Phin gad) teh be Henne ine Y BMH, Pucvevne +4) Toe te Halen sshenedbey Nebe yy erent Or mehr Hef abel HPN Uh le be) bieste of Me PBN D9 EM Ms M Pet Minho Pelebeheielieiene fyi Ala aah i “) aed) A eaves RAY Wosbee ad Wes ~Ay i} AL nee ASHCR eC HENCE HUAI oIKE RE Hahei oetienn sete Kn hayek! east Ii Ae gba iest et Hi ite ele awh els AA Da ee Oibai oe ys cy) aula, ai hehen. eh) Hotel etna of erry) eH OheG hehe AeA a » w i alate Be ee intel wih aaa ii en iti ‘ oe = ne iy ane Ruy ne i ty ath he ere = rai re sua itine *ien ik quate Wasa NaH ET y H sian ve ; UM sree nee vi ue eed ite eaiehibdis heey) KOSH sae Farin eal ef iencitinenci wea t SENOS hy it Tiel y ita hy inde at aw ea ete oh ) Oy i agin! +f ey ny Ayre sipewy th veiw Do Nee Hig thes + ihe p Mey iP ae ae " ae i * tis of PE HAG EAT AhebeN isthtepte Wepre sve HEY peaks: Vebehieyp bh hely Gan tyes enaney en Al aan i Shep nS Ne) ere He the Harta ty ey a SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES 3 9088 01 230 6676 Voie yesh De ee et ‘ ve {eV HDohe Path Dede » eb ab fie Wipoity eRe bet tele ‘ HUEVS TY hah ship beh Ahn ‘| Wien i Nii v4 Hb f¥ lhe A) i" esi NON iat Rye ish rary SOULE P Webi hen aie \ USGA eo c tei ur Un) at teh sbe stants Mt ne ba be isi Sih ini Mi ii iN? M ae What Goths Soe on aby th “8 i at sith iyeks Aiea ey ae i eet o state ci a i ce oo a {i i) jeeues i = ‘i 0 “then wat i ei Ary? Nae ceaasatt Thenras TU mae fimkatohe ih aie ba ne sh se - ye = oS ta we fe rene Phi Lau a oe at A ; Ay Wel irradi sie bea ky ip vee Fl 1 setae telnet wate : ¥ Hh ut Ve i PG eH) Be i tite Phi) im | os sa Mt ati . vt iyiheue ite Bri ne ea Sa HAAN eyntaci lan a! si giabitdse ‘in a ene ey i et pee Baia ert ete PO Autti fi she Bate gri Ny weet soa rity My edi hh he oe ae ih, I oe i nbd tie Picante ch i ie iy i ieice “Hewes Hitt iy coe Gnas Gn ur tk ne aoe Weiedinn re vais A Hs ROWAN iat Heise iene wee 6 4h Joab ?p aes hy Wome bib fey nif ene ta! Wetter He bietbe mn hea oe ow ne Ce ey ieee i wh int in) it EMH Hsy » AAV NrliYie bs ae ‘ Ki PT W cn itty Ay Mey itt ay \ Py at ita {ih i Neh \ cai 4 i 4) Dd Deh mba eH! “4 | pit \ iF s Hh ue ty : a Natale Bit Plenty wae} / Ha Mh ay st) a “ Met aa dhe’ . ce Bas Fit me urine ies 4 abe mie AyAy SANA ine Jie bee ; it eb piehie bras ohhheb sth Veta AeA ecient i) AVR tat Latest f it Waren) Haeicattn i Pi ita dae ae Abeh + : in rt y nS hs ink meetin SA ani he ty see ne al i H th Wey be sii fet a #\ f hey! & hed cmt fies A Act ow I iit (onal Ae static Mf Py i eis ‘it hela ehagir nt ihn . ii Watach eheqeel eatin i a) philomel iy Pty nl heath beseech hea hci Hye heb tied dhe free Sieh be HA Wi Vl Pr eres te tbs eet beh le Whe jet