Soe ena Fe SA OL LPO IAL IEE LE CO A rs 3 AO nw tard Sa rrr etree Callyodon eleree-< 252.2 iaessen. += ese esse =o 32 11 Salmon densen see sees eee 262 12>;Mlates thompsonits a-222 ses escce se te 39 12. Cristivomer namaycush..-..........-.-.. 263 13; Rhinogobiusiunpies sence s seca see 41 13. Mallotus villosus. .. . 268 14. Rhinogobius ocyuru 42 14. Thaleichthys pacificus . 268 15. Gobius panayensis. . 42 15. Osmerus thaleichthys. . - - 268 16. Creisson validus. ... 43 16. Osmerus dentex.....-- 269 17<_Oplopomusivergenssss.:=2.see. se a =e 44 17. Hypomesuspretioss!-..5--- oe. -- eeeeee 269 18. Dactylopus dactylopus...........-.-----. 46 18) Ely pomesus olidus:scs-ce-eeeeee teense 270 19, Blennins thysanius.2s...--.sc.2eseeeee es 47 19), uenroplossusistilbtuste--oe see eee eee 270 20; SPetroscirtessvUlsus icc. ee oe ea eee 48 20. Plagyodus eesculapius ....../..:.-.-.--..- 271 FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: 2i, Dalia pectoraliss:-----2.----s-2oee= sees 272 Figure 1. Myctophum gilberti..-..:----..-2-....---- 55 22. MSOXJUGIUS oe See ee eee ce ene nee ee eee 273 2. Corythroichthys elere...........:.-:----. 57 23. Gasterosteus cataphractus. 274 3. Nesogrammus piersoni.....-..-..-------- 62 24. Aulorhynchus flavidus 275 A. Caranxitreertces.acser sce sae 64 25. Zaprora silenus-......-. 276 5; (Citulasiallicees eee teeters 66 26. Cymatogaster aggregatus- Fath 6. Leiognathus stercorarius. 67 = 27. Cymatogaster aggregatus. . sae) Ok 7. Leiognathus edwardsi - 68 28. Damalichthys argyrosomus...-......----. 279 8: uy stema\baconensisys-.-sene cea sees 7 29. Sebastolobus altivelis.....-.--...-.-.----- 280 9. Amia jenkinsi 73 30. Sebastodes melanops..-.-.--....----.------- 280 10. Apogonichthys mentalis...........------- 74 31. Sebastodesiciliatus---.. - 222-220. sosseeee 281 11. Cephalopholis kendalli...........-.------. 76 32. Sebastodes mystinus........-..-..-.-.--- 282 12. Cephalopholis obtusauris..........------- 77 33. Sebastodes brevispinis...........-....-.-. 282 13: outiamuszonius sos. sees e ee eee eee 80 34. Sebastodes alutus..... 283 14. Nemipterus worcesteri........-...-.--.-- 8 35. Sebastodes pinniger . 284 15. Scolopsis bulanensis...........-.---.--.+- 36. Sebastodes swifti--.-- 285 16: Pomacentrus popel. <2. 2 5- jase se on -es 37. SCDAStOGesiCAUTINUS «2202. aie ieee 288 17. Pomacentrus alexander. 91 38. Sebastodes maliger. - .. oo SS 18. Pomacentrus philippinus. 92 39. Sebastodes nigrocinctus.............----- 289 19. Lo unimaculatus......- 99 40. Pleurogrammus monopterygius..........- 290 20. Hypomacrus albaiensis..:........--.----. 102 41. Hexagrammos decagrammus............- 293 Oe Platophrysspalade yea atr em mecyersia cle aie 105 42. Hexagrammos octogrammus...........-- 294 22. Synaptura sorsogonensis................ 106 43. Hexaprammos:stelleri- ..<.-. 52-2. Xiphidion rupestres.- 2.25... -.-ss-e- = 339 115. Lumpenus longirostris-................- 340 116. Stichzus punctatus 341 117. Lyconectes aleutensis..........-.-.-.-... 341 UIissAmarhichasilepturus's =. semetce see eee 342 119 Ptilichthys'goodei. 2 eas--ce et oe ee 342 120sieycodassjordani- = sestemes see 343 121. Lycodalepis)turneri-:- 3-22-2222. 22-3222 344 122: -Furcimanus diapterus....:-...---.....--- 344 L235 Gymneliscvinidison. Jeu. 2.22 -eacce- eens 344 124. Melanostigma pammelas 345 125. Merluccius productus.............-.-..-. 345 126; -Boreopadus'saidais..c1-:.-4200-2sst- ee 346 127. Theragra chalcogramma ..............-. 346 1283 WlegimUsiNAVAG Aa. eee nasa 54 ates as een 347 129. Microgadus proximus. 348 130. Lota maculosa..............-.-.----.--.- 349 131. Macrourus acrolepis-......2..-.---..---- 350 132. Atheresthes stomias 350 133. Hippoglossus hippoglossus 3 351 134. Hippoglossoides elassodon. .. - - 352 135. Psettichthys melanostictus 353 186: Inopsetta ischyra.-...-.---- 2. -5 52-5 -- 383 137. Lepidopsetta bilineata 354 1385 ibimandavaspers. = 25 2. 202225. gone se 354 139. Limanda proboscidea..........-...-.---- 355 140. Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus. ....... 355 141. ‘Liopsetta'placialis.......2..-....-.------ 356 142. Platichthys stellatus- - 356 143. Platichthys stellatus.......... px cass 357 144. Citharichthys sordidus.................. 358 1. Desa a oe. ly Wel rie eo FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. By DAVID STARR JORDAN and ALVIN SEALE. BUREAU OF FISHERIES DOCUMENT NO. 606. FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. By DAVID STARR JORDAN anp ALVIN SEALE. In the summer of 1900, in connection with the investigations in Japan by Professors Jordan and Snyder, a very considerable collection of fishes was made at Manila and Cavite, on the island of Luzon, and about Iloilo, on the island of Panay, in the Philippine Islands, by Dr. George A. Lung, surgeon in the United States Navy. This collection is the property of Stanford University, but a series of specimens has been presented to the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries and to the U. S. National Museum. The specimens in question are in excellent condition, and the large number of species obtained shows the faithful work of Dr. Lung as collector. : ‘ The following are the new species in the collection, with the numbers borne by the types and cotypes in the Stanford University and U.S. National museums. In cases where specimens are registered in both institutions the first number given is that of Stanford University, the second that of the National Museum. Where only one number is given, the Stanford University collection is referred to. Jenkinsiella nectura (9984).7 Callyodon elers (9246). Gymnothorax philippinus (9215) * Elates thompsoni (9247, 53068).’ Doryichthys spaniaspis (9240).- Rhinogobius lungi (9248, 53069).7 Polydactylus zophomus (20113, 55598). 4 Rhinogobius ocyurus (9249, 53070). Amia cavitensis (9241)? Gobius panayensis (9250). 7 Priopis lungi (9242, 53060) 2 Creisson validus (9251). % Scolopsis luzonia (9243).¢ j Oplopomus vergens (9256, 53071). Upeneus Juzonius (9244, 53067): Blennius thysanius (9252, 53072). Abudefduf turchesius (9245). % Petroscirtes vulsus (9253). Family CARCHARID. SCOLIODON Miller & Henle. 1. Scoliodon acutus (Riippell). Two specimens from Cayite. Family SPHYRNIDA. SPHYRNA Rafinesque. 2. Sphyrna zygeena (Linnzus). Length of posterior margin of each lateral expansion of the head equal to its width at eye; a groove along anterior edge of expansion. Three specimens from Cavite, length 11 to 17 inches. NotTE.—The accompanying plates are from drawings by Mrs. Chloe Lesley Starks and William S. Atkinson. 3 4 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family RHINOBATIDA. RHYNCHOBATUS Miller & Henle. 3. Rhynchobatus djiddensis (Forskal). Dorsal almost over ventrals; a black spot behind eye; scattered round white spots over back. One specimen from Cavite, length 18 inches. Family DASYATIDA. DASYATIS Rafinesque. 4. Dasyatis kuhli (Miiller & Henle). Two specimens of this sting-ray are in the collection. The adult is brownish, with dark purple spots on back; the posterior half of tail has alternate white and dark bands. The young (in spirits) do not show the dark spots on back. The specimens from Japan referred by Jordan & Fowler to Dasyatis kuhli do not belong to this species, but probably rather to Dasyatis akajei. Dasyatis kuhli is not certainly known to occur in Japan. Family AETOBATID. STOASODON Cantor. 5. Stoasodon narinari (Euphrasen). One specimen of this ray was secured at Cavite. In spirits the color is brownish, the upper surface of disk covered with pale blue spots. The pale spots are much fainter than in Hawaiian examples, the latter, however, of much larger size. Family CHIROCENTRID. CHIROCENTRUS Cuvier. 6. Chirocentrus dorab (Forskal). Head 5.50 in length; depth 6.75; eye 4.50 in head; dorsal 17; anal 33. Color silvery, blue on back, a dusky blotch on upper part of opercles. One specimen from Cavite, length 7.50 inches. Family CHANIDA. CHANOS Forskal. 7. Chanos chanos (Forskil). Head 3.75 in length; depth 4.25; eye 3.05 in head; a very large adipose eyelid; dorsal 14; anal 9; scales 13-83-75. One specimen from Cavite, length 10.75 inches. Family CLUPEID. HARENGULA Cuvier & Valonciennes. 8. Harengula gibbosa (Bleeker). Head 4 in length; depth 3.55; eye 3.10 in head; dorsa! 18; anal 19; scales 42; bluish above, silvery below; belly sharply serrated; a dusky blotch on opercle; tip of dorsal and spot near base of anterior rays dusky; tip of caudal dusky. Seven specimens; length 1.50 to 4.25 inches. This species is near Harengula sundaica, recorded by us from Negros. It is not quite so deep in body, and it usually shows some more or less distinct dusky streaks on upper third of body. 9. Harengula moluccensis (Bleeker). Head 4.10 in length; depth 4.12; dorsal 18; anal 16; scales 45; eye 3 in head; maxillary ending under anterior third of eye; ventral below middle of dorsal. Color deep blue above, silvery below, the dividing line of colors sharply marked. Three specimens from Cavite, length 3.25 to 4.35 inches. This species is near /7. sundaica, but more slender in body. FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. oO DUSSUMIERIA Cuvier & Valenciennes. 10. Dussumieria elopsoides (Bleeker). - Head 3.80 in length; depth 5; eye 3.50 in head; dorsal 19; anal 15. Color bluish above, silvery below, a more or less distinct line along sides; margin of caudal dusky; belly not distinctly rounded but slightly compressed, with a ridge which, however, has no sharp scutes. A second specimen has the head 3.50 in length; depth 6; eye 3.75 in head; dorsal 20; anal 24; scales about 56; some minute teeth in jaws. Color yellowish white, a distinct black streak down back, another indistinct one along side. The two colors are not sharply divided on sides. This specimen has the origin of ventrals under anterior half of dorsal. Four specimens from Cavite; length 5.75 to 6 inches. ILISHA Gray. 11. Tisha hevenii (Bleeker). Head 3.50 in length; depth 9.45; eye 2.50 in head; dorsal 17; anal 37; maxillary 2in head. Color silvery; tip of caudal and dorsal dusky. Eight specimens from Cavite, length 3 to 7.50 inches. Family DOROSOMATIDA. ANODONTOSTOMA Bleeker. 12. Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton). Head 3.50 in length; depth 2.25; eye 3.50 in head; adipose eyelid well developed; tip of snout projecting beyond the narrow under jaw; maxillary ending under anterior margin of pupil; scales 39; dorsal 18; anal 19. Color light brown above, silvery below, a brown spot above axil of pectoral just posterior to upper edge of opercle. Five specimens from Cavite, length 3.50 to 6 inches. Family ENGRAULIDE. ANCHOVIA Jordan & Evermann. 13. Anchovia commersoniana (Lacépede). Head 4.20 in length; depth 5.50; dorsal 15; anal 21; small teeth in jaws, vomer, and palatines; scales 36. Color yellowish white, caudal with wash of dusky at tip. Seven specimens from Manila, length 2 to 4.20 inches. 14. Anchovia hamiltonii (Gray). Head 4.45 in length; depth 3.50; eye 4 in head; scales 40; dorsal 12; anal 37; maxillary ending as a sharp spine almost on line with posterior margin of opercle; maxillary 4.25 in head. Color brownish above; silvery below; red at base of anal; a blotch of short narrow black lines on shoulders; belly sharp, serrated. Two specimens from Cavite, length 3 and 7.35 inches. 15. Anchovia indica (Van Hasselt). Head 4.50 in length; depth 6; eye 3.20 in head; dorsal 16; anal 18; scales about 40; deciduous teeth in jaws, vomer, and palatines. Color yellowish white; a silvery line on side. Six specimens from Cavite, length 2.50 to 6 inches. Related to Anchovia commersoniana, but easily distinguished by the greater length and the greater number of scales. Family SYNODONTID-A. SAURIDA Cuvier & Valenciennes. 16. Saurida japonica (Houttuyn). Head 4 in length; depth 9; eye 4.25 in head; dorsal 11; anal 10; scales 54; adipose eyelid thin. Color in spirits brownish above, with some indistinct blotches on side, white below; outer half of pectoral and caudal shaded with gray. Eight specimens from Cavite, length 3.50 to 5.50 inches. This species differs from Saurida badi (Cuvier) in the thin adipose eyelid, and pale ventrals. Saurida tumbil has the scales 60, and the back with dark crossbars. 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 17. Saurida gracilis (Quoy & Gaimard). Head 4.10 in length; depth 6.20; eye 5 in head; dorsal 10; anal 9; scales 49. Color brownish, with dusky blotches along the side, extending to below lateral'line; fins spotted and irregularly banded with brown. Three specimens from Manila, length 4.25 inches. Family LEPTOCEPHALID. UROCONGER Kaup. 18. Uroconger lepturus (Richardson). Teeth in double rows in jaws; vomerine teeth in a single pointed row; outer and anterior teeth largest. Tail tapering to a very fine point Color in spirits dull uniform brown; head and chin lighter. One specimen from Manila, length 12.50 inches. Family MURENESOCIDA. MURENESOX McClelland. 19. Murzenesox cinereus (Forskil). Vomerine teeth large and sawlike, with a basal lobe before and behind. Two specimens from Manila, length 12.75 and 13.50 inches. Family MYRID. 20. Murzenichthys gymnopterus (Bleeker). Two specimens, one of 4 inches, one of 12, from Cavite. Family OPHICHTHYIDA. OPHICHTHUS Ahl. 21. Ophichthus tapeinopterus (Bleeker). Teeth small, pointed, of equal size, forming broad bands in maxillary, in two rows on mandible and vomer; trunk half the length of tail; gape 2.75 in head. Color in spirits uniform yellowish brown, a little darker on upper part. One specimen from Cavite, length 11 inches. 22. Ophichthus sp. (larva). Four specimens, from Manila, of a larval eel with sharp-pointed mouth, rather long teeth in a single series; no pectorals; anal, dorsal, and caudal fin differentiated, body very strongly compressed, rather short. Length 4 to 5 inches. 23. Jenkinsiella nectura Jordan, new species. F-EE=_P Fic. 1.—Jenkinsiella nectura Jordan, new species. Type. Body slender, subterete, the greatest depth about 3 in head; head 9.75 in total length, 2.25 in trunk; head and trunk 3.5in tail; eye very small, nearly 9 in head, 1.75 in snout; mouth rather large, extending much past eye nearly 3 in head; edge of upper lip with a row of conspicuous fleshy fringes posteriorly, the longest about FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. 7 1.66 in eye; teeth slender, even, sharp, arranged in single series; no canines; upper jaw wider than lower and projecting around it; snout sharp, about 5.5 in head; anterior nostril with a moderate tube; gill openings small, placed rather low. Pectorals long, 1.6 in head; insertion of dorsal close behind base of pectoral. Dorsal fin very low, not much higher than eye. Anal very low; tip of tail without fin. Color light brown, darkened above by minute dots, which become sparse below; no distinct spots or bars; fins plain yellowish. A single specimen, 7.5 inches long, was taken by Dr. Lung at Cavite. It is numbered 9984 in Stanford University. The species is close to Jenkinsiella macgregori (Microdonophis macgregori Jenkins, Bull. U.S. Fish Com- mission xxu1, 1902, p. 422) described by Jenkins from Maui, Hawaii. It differs from that species in the more posterior insertion of the dorsal, in the lower dorsal, and much longer pectoral. The coloration is much the same, but the tail is much longer in the Philippine species, Jenkinsiella nectura. The fringe of barbels, as in the genus Cirrhimurena, well separates Jenkinsiella from Microdonophis. Family MORINGUIDA. 24. Moringua lumbricoidea Richardson. One specimen, 6.5 inches in length, from Cavite. Family MURANID. GYMNOTHORAX Bloch. 25. Gymnothorax philippinus Jordan & Seale, new species. Fic. 2.—Gymnothoraxr philippinvs Jordan & Seale, new species. Type. Head 3.45 in trunk; length of head and trunk greater than length of tail by a distance equal to length of snout; eye rather large, 1.90 in snout; length of mouth to angle 2.40 in head; a single row of sharp-pointed teeth in lower jaw; teeth in upper jaw in a single row, reinforced by 3 or 4 additional teeth in palatine series; three large fang-like vomerine teeth in front, with a row of smaller ones extending back; anterior teeth large canines; fins of moderate height. Color in spirits, everywhere powdered with yellow and brown, lighter on belly and chin, darker on posterior two-thirds of body, which shows rather wide indistinct darker bands; a distinct black blotch at angle of mouth, which unites with a black band around chin; a second dusky blotch midway between angle of mouth and gill opening; gill openings uncolored; fins dark, without white margins. One fine specimen, the type, no. 9215, Museum Stanford University, 23 inches long. 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family SILURIDA. NETUMA Bleeker. 26. Netuma nasuta (Bleeker). Head 3.50 in length; depth 4.50; barbels 6; maxillary barbel single; dorsal 1, 7; anal 17. Teeth villi- form, those of palate in subtriangular patches, as in Bleeker’s figure. Three specimens from Cavite, length 7 to 12 inches. In all of these specimens the spines have been broken off by the fishermen. Family PLOTOSID. PLOTOSUS Lacépéde. 27. Plotosus anguillaris (Bloch). Head 4.75 in length; depth 8; barbels 8. Color in spirits brown, with 2 longitudinal pale bands. Four- teen specimens from Manila, length 3 to 6.25 inches. , Family CLARIIDA. CLARIAS Gronow. 28. Clarias magur (Hamilton-Buchanan). Head 3.30 in length; depth 1.75; barbels 8; top of head entirely ossified except the small fontanelle. Dorsal 65; anal 53; pectoral spine finely serrated, hidden under the skin. Family BELONIDA. TYLOSURUS Cocco. 29. Tylosurus leiurus (Bleeker.) Head 2.75 in length; depth 4.30 in snout; eye 2.75 in postorbital part of head; snout 4 in length without caudal. Dorsal 19; anal 23; insertion of dorsal over the eighth to ninth anal rays; caudal truncate; no teeth on vomer. Color in spirits bluish above, silvery below, a silvery and blue band along side; no keel on caudal peduncle. One specimen from Cavite, length 14 inches. 30. Tylosurus giganteus (Schlegel). Head 2.30 in length; depth 3.30 in snout; eye 2.10 in postorbital part of head. Dorsal 24; anal 21; origin of dorsal very slightly posterior to origin of anal; caudal with lower lobe prolonged. Color in spirits bluish green above, silvery below, a blue line on side. Two specimens from Cavite, length 11.75 inches. Family EXOCTIDA. HEMIRAMPHUS Cuvier. 31. Hemiramphus quoyi Cuvier & Valenciennes. Head 4.75 in length; exposed lower jaw 1.50 in head; depth 8.50; dorsal 16; anal 15; scales about 52. Color in spirits bluish above, a blue line on side; top of dorsal and tip of caudal bluish. Seven specimens from Cavite, length 4 to 8.75 inches. 32. Hemiramphus cantoris Bleeker. Head 5 in length; exposed lower jaw 2.75; depth 6.50; dorsal 15; anal 15; caudal forked. Color in spirits yellowish white, side with a wide blue band; tip of caudal dusky; lower jaw and top of head dusky. Four specimens from Cavite, length 4 to 5.50 inches. FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. iS ZENARCHOPTERUS Gill. 33. Zenarchopterus dispar (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hemirhamphus dispar Giinther, Cat., v1, 274. Head 3.50 in length; the exposed lower jaw 2.50 in length without caudal; caudal almost rounded; scales about 39; base of anal modified into a reproductive organ; dorsal 11; anal 10. Color in spirits yellowish, with wash of light brownish; side with a silvery line, with a narrow dark line above it. One specimen from Cavite, length 4 inches. PAREXOCTUS Bleeker. 34. Parexoccetus mento (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Exocetus mento Giinther, Cat., v1, 281. Head 4 in length; depth 5; eye 2.75 in head; dorsal 11; anal 12; ventrals short. Color in spirits bluish above, silvery below; pectoral bluish above, whitish below; dorsal with broad dusky tip. Eight specimens from Cavite; length 3.50 to 4.75 inches. CYPSILURUS Swainson. 35. Cypsilurus brachysomus (Bleeker). Head 4 in length; depth 5; eye 3 in head; dorsal 12; anal 8; ventral extending to middle of base of anal; pectoral reaching middle of base of dorsal. Color in spirits bluish above, silvery below; pectoral uniform bluish, the lower ray whitish. One specimen 7 inches long from Cavite. Family FISTULARIIDA. FISTULARIA Linneus. 36. Fistularia serrata Cuvier. Four young specimens from Cavite. 37. Fistularia petimba Lacipéde. One fine adult from Cavite, length 32 inches. Family CENTRISCIDA. CENTRISCUS Linnzus. 38. Centriscus scutatus Linneus. Head 3 in length; depth 2.10 in the projecting snout; dorsal 111, 10; anal 12; dermal skeleton with the ventral margin sharp. Nine specimens from Manila, length 3 to 3.20 inches. Family SYNGNATHIDA. CORYTHROICHTHYS Kaup. 39. Corythroichthys spicifer (Kaup). Head 7.15 in length; snout 1.85 in head; rings 15+389; dorsal 26; a single ridge across cheek. Color in spirits brownish, with black bands around belly, a row of black dots on side of lower jaw. One specimen, length 6 inches, from Manila, and one 4.50 inches long from Cavite. 10 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. DORYICHTHYS Kaup. 40. Doryichthys spaniaspis Jordan & Seale, new species. Head 8.75 in total length; snout 2.30 in head; rings 13+-34; dorsal 20; no distinct filaments on head; cheek with a single keel; dorsal fin on 5 rings; profile about eye not elevated; snout narrow, its width being 1.50 in depth; trunk 1.75 in tail; egg-sac on abdomen; lateral line running down to caudal ridge, where it is Fic. 38.—Doryichthys spaniaspis Jordan & Seale, new species. Type. interrupted; caudal small, its length 3.90 in head; pectoral of 14 rays, short, 5.50 in head; edges of rings not distinctly serrated; no strong median line on interorbital space. Color in spirits grayish with tint of green; alternating darker bands over body, narrow dusky crossbands of dots on chin and throat. One specimen from Cavite, the type, no. 9240, Museum Stanford University, 4.24 inches long. GASTEROTOKEUS Heckel. 41. Gasterotokeus biaculeatus (Bloch). Head 5.25 in length; snout 1.85 in head; dorsal 44; rings 17+44; filaments on under side of body and tail. Color in spirits grayish, with slight tint of green; a row of black spots on each side of belly. Two specimens from Iloilo, length 5.75 and 6.25 inches. One specimen from Cavite, length 6.25 inches. HIPPOCAMPUS Linneus. 42. Hippocampus aterrimus Jordan & Snyder. Hippocampus aterrimus Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U. 8. National Museum, vol. xxtv, 1902, p. 14, pl. rx, Riukiu Islands. Snout equal to postorbital part of head; spines blunt, short; dorsal 16; rings 11436. Color black, spines enlarged at ventrals. One specimen from Cavite, agreeing with the Riukiu Islands type, length about 5 inches. 43. Hippocampus kuda Bleeker. Snout longer than postorbital part of head; rings 11+35; dorsal 17; spines blunt. Color in spirits, brownish. One specimen from Cavite, length 5.50 inches. It corresponds well with the account given by Jordan and Snyder. Family PEGASID. PARAPEGASUS Dumeril. 44. Parapegasus natans (Linnus). Head 3 in length; depth 13; snout 4.75 in head; dorsal 5; anal 5; vent much nearer eye than to base of caudal; tail compressed, with 12 rings; upper surface of head and trunk concave; pectoral rays equally slender; snout prolonged into a large flat process which is denticulate on sides; pectoral and dorsal spotted with brown. One specimen from Cavite, length 2.20 inches. The generic name Zalises is synonymous with Pegasus. Family MUGILIDA. MUGIL Linneus. 45. Mugil longimanus Giinther. Head 4 in length; depth 3.75; scales 32, 9 in vertical series; dorsal 1v, 8; anal ur, 8. Color in spirits silvery, with narrow indistinct longitudinal lines along each row of scales; a black spot at axil of pectoral. Five specimens from Cavite, length 4 to 7.50 inches. FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. ial 46. Mugil sundanensis Bleeker. Head 4.10 in length; depth 4; dorsal 1v, 9; anal 11, 9; scales 27 to 30, 9 in vertical series; a well- developed adipose eyelid; snout equal to eye; 17 or 18 scales in front of dorsal. Color in spirits. silvery ; no spot at axil; narrow line indistinctly along each row of scales. Two specimens from Cavite, length 7.50 inches. 47. Mugil ceramensis Cuvier & Valenciennes. Six specimens from Cavite. LIZA Jordan & Swain. 48. Liza amarula (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 3.75 in length; depth 4; eye 3.10 in head; dorsal 1v-1, 9; anal 11, 9; scales 37; upper jaw rather wide, smooth; lower jaw thin, the symphysis prominent; preorbital strongly bent and serrated. Color silvery, light below, outer margin of caudal dusky. One specimen from Cavite, length 3.25 inches. 49. Liza troscheli (Bleeker). Head 3.50 in length; depth 3.55; eye 3.50 in head, 1 in snout; scales 32, 11 in vertical series; no adipose eyelid; dorsal 1v-1, 8; anal m1, 9; 19 rows of scales before dorsal; lip thin; premaxillary hidden, except tip; preorbital strongly spinous at end; maxillary scaled; origin of dorsal over anterior third of anal; caudal emarginate. Color in spirits silvery, a light brownish wash above; caudal with dusky wash at margin, fins otherwise uniform. One specimen from Cavite, length 2.75 inches. 50. Liza waigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard). Head 3.50 in length; depth 3.75; dorsal 1v-1, 8; anal 1, 8; scales 27. Color in spirits yellowish, with silvery reflections, the centers of scales with narrow dark longitudinal line; dorsals and upper half of pectoral black, other fins gray. Two young examples from Cavite, length 2.50 inches. Family SPHYRENIDE. SPHYRZENA Linneus. 51. Sphyrzena obtusata Cuvier & Valenciennes. Head 3 in length; depth 6.05; eye 4.25 in head; snout 2.50; dorsal v1, 9; anal 1, 9; scales 83, about 16 series in front of dorsal and 16 between the 2 dorsals. Color in spirits dusky above, silvery below, an indistinct dusky band on side. Five specimens from Cavite, length 5 to 9.50 inches. 52. Sphyreena jello Cuvier & Valenciennes. Head 2.90 in length; depth 8; scales about 130; dorsal v-r, 9; anal 1, 9. Color in spirits yellowish, with indistinct darker bands over back and on sides. One specimen from Manila, length 5.25 inches. Family POLYNEMID. POLYDACTYLUS Lacépéde. 53. Polydactylus zophomus Jordan & McGregor, new species. Polynemus plebejus Cantor, Malayan Fishes, 27, 1854, Malayan Peninsula; not of Broussonet. Giinther, Cat., 11, 329, 1860; Amboyna; Malayan Peninsula; not synonymy. Polydactylus plebeius Jordan & Eyermann, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxv, 1902, 351, Kotosho, Formosa. Head 3.2 in length to base of caudal; depth 3.25; dorsal vit, 13; anal 1, 13; first dorsal spine and first anal spine minute; 5 free pectoral rays, the longest reaching a little beyond tip of pectoral fin; eye 4 in head; scales large, ctenoid, deciduous, about 58 in lateral line. Color in alcohol light golden brown; fins browner, all of them more or less speckled with black; first dorsal most heavily speckled and with a narrow but distinct black border; a horizontally oblong black spot with serrate edges, three-eighths of an inch in diameter, above gill-opening, the lateral line passing through its middle. 12 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Four specimens, 0.25 to 8 inches in length, from Cavite, Luzon. The type is numbered 55598, U. 3S. National Museum. Cotype is no. 20113, Museum Stanford University. This species differs from the true Polydactylus plebeius of Samoa in its much larger scales and also in its different color, its less concave anal and second dorsal, its deeper body, and shorter, blunter snout. In P. zophomus the free pectoral filaments reach but little beyond tip of pectoral, while in P. plebeius they reach beyond tip of ventral. a Sy an ay, F1G. 4.— Polydactylus zophomus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type. P. zophomus has been confounded with Polydactylus plebeius, as the above synonymy indicates. It is, however, quite distinct from the latter and equally so from the common Japanese species, Polydactylus agonast Jordan & McGregor, which also has been recorded as Polydactylus plebeius. Family HOLOCENTRIDA. HOLOCENTRUS Bloch. 54. Holocentrus ruber (Forskal). Head 2.75 in length; depth 2.75; dorsal xm, 13; anal tv, 9; scales 37. Color in spirits yellowish, with 8 dark longitudinal stripes; a dusky blotch at base of soft dorsal; tip of ventrals and upper and lower margins of caudal, web between first and second anal rays, and portions of spinous dorsal dusky. Three specimens from island of Panay, length 3 to 3.25 inches. Family SCOMBRID. SCOMBER Linneus. 55. Scomber microlepidotus Riippell. Head 3.35 in length; depth 3.75; eye 3.90 in head; adipose eyelid covering all but middle of eye. Dorsal X-I, U,V; anal 1, 1m-v; teeth minute, in both jaws; none on vomer or palatines; maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of eye. Color, back bluish, old individuals with longitudinal stripes, silvery below; young with dusky spot under pectoral fin; adults usually showing some dusky spots at base of spinous dorsal, the fin with dusky margins; other fins yellowish white; pectoral with slight wash of dusky at tip. Twelve speci- mens from Cavite, length 3 to 11 inches. FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. 13 SCOMBEROMORUS Lacépéde. 56. Scomberomorus commersoni (Lacépéde). Head 3.75 in length; depth 5; eye 4.75 in head; dorsal xvi-1m, 14-+-1x; anal m, 12+1x; maxillary long, extending to posterior margin of eye; teeth strong, canine-like. Color bluish above, with irregular vertical bands, silvery below; first dorsal black, posterior dorsal with a black margin. One young example from Cavite, length 4 inches. Family TRICHIURIDA. TRICHIURUS Linneus. 57. Trichiurus savala Bleeker. Head about 7 in length; depth 2 in head; eye 5.50 in head, 2 in snout; jaws with long fang-like teeth; anal fin consisting of small spinules. Color silvery, slightly darker above; fins with slight dusky tint at tip. Six specimens from Cavite, length 10 to 17 inches. Family CARANGIDA. SCOMBEROIDES Lacépéde. 58. Scomberoides tala (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 4.50 in length; depth 3; eye 3.75 in head; dorsal vir—-1, 20; anal 1-1, 17; teeth on jaws, vomer, tongue, and palatines; enlarged canines in each jaw; maxillary long, ending slightly posterior to hind-margin, of eye. Color in spirits dull bluish above, silvery below; a row of about 7 large vertical brown blotches along side; tip of dorsal dusky; a small black spot in axil of pectoral. Five specimens from Cavite, length 4 to 12 inches. This species is easily distinguished from Scomberoides toloo-parah by its great depth and by its markings and from S. lysan by the presence of canines. 59. Scomberoides toloo-parah (Riippell). Head 4.50 in length; depth 4; eye 4.10 in head; dorsal v—m, 18+1x; anal 1, 20, the posterior 10 or 12 anal rays united by a very narrow membrane at base only. Maxillary ending under posterior third of eye; minute teeth on jaws, vomer, palatines, and tongue, enlarged canine-like teeth in outer row in jaws; dorsal spines not connected. Color bluish above, silvery below; 8 or 9 dusky spots along side, a black spot at axil and a wide dusky area from upper margin of opercle to interorbital; anal fins golden; dorsal yellowish, with a black blotch on its upper half; tips of caudal slightly dusky; other fins yellowish white. Fourteen speci- mens from Cavite, length 4 to 10 inches. TRACHUROPS Gill. 60. Trachurops crumenophthalma (Bloch). Head 3.20 in length; depth 3.20; eye 2.75 in head; dorsal vii—1, 24; anal 1-1, 21; entirely scaled, scales of straight partion of lateral line forming keeled plates, about 38 in number. Color yellowish white, with golden reflections; a dusky opercular spot; caudal with dusky tip. Two specimens from Cavite, length 10 inches. CARANX Lacépede. 61. Caranx hasselti Cuvier & Valenciennes. Head 3.50 in length; depth 3.10; dorsal vir, 1, 25; anal m, 21; plates well developed; maxillary short, ending under anterior third of eye; pectoral very long, faleate, 2.75 in length. Color brownish above, silvery below; a very distinct opercular spot. One specimen from Cavite, length 7.50 inches. 62. Caranx forsteri Cuvier & Valenciennes. Three specimens from Cavite. 14 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 63. Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard. Head 3.10 in length; depth 2.75; eye 3.75 in head; adipose eyelid well developed; maxillary 2 in head, the end under posterior third of eye; teeth on jaws, vomer, palatines, and tongue; a row of slightly enlarged tecth in jaws; breast scaled; 53 scales in curved portion of lateral line; 34 plates along straight portion; dorsal vi-1, 20; anal 1-17. Color yellowish; tip of dorsal, anal, and caudal dusky; a dusky wash along plates; axil dusky; a black opercular spot. Three specimens from Cavite, length about 11 inches. These specimens seem to belong to the species from Hawaii and Samoa called Caranz rhabdotus by Dr. Jenkins. 64. Caranx nigripinnis Day. Head 3.60 in length; depth 2.75; dorsal vyir-23; anal 1, 21; plates 54; breast scaled; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Color silvery below, dark bluish above; a distinct opercular spot; spinous dorsal dusky, soft dorsal more or less marked with dusky. Eight specimens from Cavite, length 3 to 4 inches. 65. Caranx ignobilis (Forskal). Head 3.50 in length; depth 2.50; eye 3 in head; maxillary reaching to below posterior third of eye; no scales on breast; dorsal vi-1, 20; anal 1-1, 18. Color silvery, darker above, with 5 wide vertical dusky bars. Eleven specimens from Cavite, length 1.50 to 3.75 inches. 66. Caranx speciosus (Forskil). Color silvery, with about 11 dusky lines alternating narrow and wide, the one through the eye and the one over nuchal region very dark. Two specimens from Cavite. 67. Caranx plumbeus Quoy & Gaimard. Head 3.20 in length; depth 2; eye 3.75 in head; dorsal vi, 21; anal m1, 18; maxillary 2.18 in head; 42 plates along lateral line; axil black; several of dorsal and anal rays elongate and filiform in males. Color yellowish, with bright reflections; the young banded vertically, with anterior rays of dorsal and anal extremely elongate; in females, a dusky blotch on posterior margin of opercle. Eight specimens, length 3.50 to 10 inches. This species seems identical with the one from Samoa which we call Caranxr plumbeus. 68. Caranx armatus (Forskil). Head 3 in length; depth 1.50; eye 3.10 in head; small teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; maxillary extending to below anterior margin of pupil; breast naked; a dusky opercular spot; dorsal vir, 20; anal u-t, 18; about 48 scales in straight portion of lateral line; the anterior rays of dorsal and anal elongate. Three specimens from Cavite, length 2 to 3 inches. ALECTIS Rafinesque. 69. Alectis ciliaris (Bloch). Head 2.75 in length; depth 1.20; eye 4 in head; dorsal vi-1, 19; anal 1-1, 16; teeth villiform. A small keel on side of caudal peduncle; anterior dorsal and anal rays greatly prolonged into black filaments; anterior rays of ventrals greatly prolonged; five wide, rather indistinct bands down the side. Three specimens from Cavite. Family RACHYCENTRID. RACHYCENTRON Kaup. 70. Rachycentron pondicerrianum (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 4 in length; depth 7.50; dorsal vm1-30; anal 27. Villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, palatines, and tongue. The young have the caudal rounded; in the adult it becomes lunate. Color in spirits brownish; two brown longitudinal lines along side; upper and lower margins of caudal white. Two specimens from Hoilo, length 4.15 and 6.75; one specimen from Manila, length 8.5 inches. FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. 13) Family MENID&. MENE Lacépede. ‘ 71. Mene maculata (Bloch). Head 3.10 in length: depth 1.18; eye 3.20 in head; dorsal tv, 42; anal 33; no scales; origin of dorsal fin on back; teeth villiform. Color silvery below, with large bluish blotches above a line from pectoral to top of caudal peduncle; a dusky spot in front of eye. The young have the ventral fins filiform. Three specimens from Iloilo; length 2 to 7.50 inches. Family EQUULIDE. EQUULA Cuvier. 72. Equula insidiator (Bloch). Head 3.75 in length; depth 2.10; eye 2.26 in head. Color yellowish white, with several incomplete bands over back, down to middle of side; a black band from lower anterior orbital margin to chin. Four specimens from Cavite, length about 3.25 inches. 73. Equula ruconia (Hamilton-Buchanan). Equula interrupta Giinther, Cat., 11, 504. Day, Fishes of India, 242, pl. LI, c, fig. 4. Head 3.75 in length; depth 1.50; eye 2.50 in head; dorsal var, 16; anal m1, 14; lateral line extending to opposite middle of soft dorsal. Color yellowish above, silvery below; axil of pectoral black; a black line from orbit to chin; a dusky spot on upper part of opercle; dorsal tipt with dusky. Five specimens from Cavite, length 2 to 2.75 inches. This species is very similar to Equula insidiator, but the body is deeper. LEIOGNATHUS Lacépéde. 74. Leiognathus fasciatus Lacépéde. Head 3.20 in length; depth 2; eye 2.60 in head; dorsal vu, 16; anal m1, 14; lateral line complete; lower margin of preopercle finely denticulate; teeth minute, two minute spines above upper anterior margin of orbit; second dorsal and second anal spines greatly elongate, the third and fourth dorsal spines rugose on sides. Color silvery, with indications of irregular vertical streaks on body. One specimen from Cavite, length 4.12 inches. 75. Leiognathus dussumieri (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 3 in length; depth 1.60; eye 3 in head; dorsal vim, 16; anal m1, 14; lateral line complete; two small spines ove anterior margin of eye; teeth villiform; thorax naked. Color silvery, bluish above; axil of pectoral black. Two specimens from Cavite, length 2 and 7 inches. GAZZA Riuppell. 76. Gazza minuta (Bloch). Head 3 in length; depth 2; eye 3 in head; dorsal vim, 16; anal m, 14. Color silvery bluish above, a slight yellowish wash above the head, a dusky spot in axil; iris yellow. Eight specimens from Cavite, length 4 to 5.50 inches. Family STROMATEIDA. APOLECTUS Cuvier & Valencienne 77. Apolectus niger (Bloch). Head 2.75 in length; depth 1.75; eye 3.30 in head; dorsal v1, 42; anal 37; 5 or 6 rudimentary spines in front of dorsal; minute teeth in jaws, apparently none on vomer or palatines; scales minute, breast appar- ently naked; scales of lateral line very slightly modified into feeble plates on caudal peduncle. Color grayish brown; dorsal and anal bluish; young with about 4 indistinct vertical bluish bands, a dusky ocular band. 16 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. A specimen 2.75 inches long has ventral fins 0.75 of an inch long, while a larger specimen, length 3.75 inches, has the ventrals but 0.30 of an inch long; these fins disappear in the adult. Two specimens (young) from Cavite. Family APOGONICHTHYIDA. AMIA Gronow. 78. Amia quadrifasciata (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 2.75 in length; depth 3; eye 3.75 in head; dorsal vu—1, 9; anal m1, 8; scales 25. Color in spirits yellowish, with 2 longitudinal brown stripes, one from tip of snout thru eye and along median line of body to tip of caudal, the other from upper part of snout back to base or near base of caudal; about 11 indistinct vertical bands on side of body; a black band through the basal portion of soft dorsal and anal; anterior part of spinous dorsal marked with dusky; tip of ventrals dusky; anal also indistinctly tipped with dusky; no black spot at base of caudal. Six specimens from Cavite, length 2.50 to 3 inches. Three of these, which differ in no other respect, have the colors much less distinct, not showing any trace of the vertical bands, and a very indistinct trace of bands through anal and dorsal. Amia fasciata (White), from Sydney, as represented by specimens sent by Mr. Edgar R. Waite, seems to be distinct from this species, and equally so from Amia novemfasciata (Cuvier & Valenciennes) and Amia aroubiensis (Hombron & Jacquinot), with both of which Dr. Giinther confounds it in Fische der Siidsee. 79. Amia cavitensis Jordan & Seale, new species. Head 2.90 in length without caudal; depth 3.05; dorsal yi—-1,9; anal 11,8; eye 3 in head; scales 2-26-5; maxillary 2 in head, its distal end under posterior third of eye; posterior limb of preopercle serrated; snout 1.35 in eye; interorbital equal to snout. Fig. 5.—Amia cavitensis Jordan & Seale, new species. Type. Body compressed, of moderate depth, the profile from origin of dorsal to tip of snout almost straight; depth of caudal peduncle 2.20 in head; small teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; lateral line complete; origin of spinous dorsal directly over origin of ventrals, third dorsal spine 1.90 in head; second less than half as long, the first very minute; the spine of soft dorsal 2.20 in head, the longest dorsal ray 1.50; base of anal 2.75 in head, longest ray of anal 1.75 in head; ventrals 1.75 in head; pectorals 1.50; caudal slightly emarginate, with lobes rounded. Color in spirits yellowish, a distinct dusky line on median line of nuchal region; a distinct dusky line from snout over eye, extending to upper base of caudal, very indistinct posteriorly; a wide dusky line from snout thru eye to opercle; about 5 indistinct shadowy, longitudinal lines on side of body; tips of fins dusky; a distinct round spot on middle of base of caudal, dorsal fins yellowish, with slight wash of dusky more dis- tinetly dusky on posterior rays of soft dorsal, other fins yellowish-white with slightly dusky wash, the anal with indistinct dusky line at base. One specimen from Cavite, the type, 2.75 inches long, no. 9241, Museum Stanford University. This species seems related to A. hartzfeldii (Bleeker). FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. Ie 80. Amia nove-guinez (Bleeker). : Head 2.50 in length; depth 3; eye 3.75 in head; dorsal vn—1, 9; anal 11, 8; scales 25; lateral line complete; outer limb only of preopercle denticulate, and that very minutely: maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of pupil; teeth in jaws, vomer, and palatines. Color yellowish; anterior spines of spinous dorsal dusky, tip of soft dorsal dusky and a dusky line thru its lower third; caudal with dusky tip; other fins without markings. Three specimens, apparently young and faded, the smallest two showing an indistinct banded appearance; length 2.25 to 3.25 inches. MIONORUS Krefft. 81. Mionorus glaga (Bleeker). Head 2.45 in length; depth 2.75; eye 4.12 in head; dorsal vn-1, 9; anal u,8; scales 27; maxillary 2 in head, its end under posterior margin of orbit. Color yellowish, with about 8 irregular dusky longitudinal stripes, no spot on caudal peduncle; upper half of spinous dorsal black; soft dorsal with about 4 irregular oblique dusky bands; caudal margined and tipped with dusky; anal with 2 or more dusky bands on basal half; ventrals and pectoral yellow. Four specimens from Cavite, length about 1.50 to 4 inches. 82. Mionorus mydrus Jordan & Seale. One young example from Manila. FOA Jordan & Evermann. 83. Foa fo Jordan & Seale. Head 2.55 in length; depth 2.30; dorsal vu—-1, 9; anal um, 8; scales 22; opercle and preopercie entire; lateral line strongly developed on anterior 9 scales, connected with a broken line of points on caudal peduncle; villiform teeth in jaws, vomer, and palatines; maxillary 2 in head, its distal and under posterior margin of eye. Color in spirits yellowish, with dark mottlings, ventrals dusky. Three specimens from Cavite, length 2 to 2.25 inches, identical with the original type from Samoa. Foa differs from Mionorus in the incomplete lateral line. ARCHAMIA Gill. 84. Archamia lineolata (Ehrenberg.) (A pogon lineolatus Giinther, Cat., I, p. 244.) Head 2.50 in length; depth 2.25; eye 3.10 in head; maxillary 2, reaching to below posterior margin of pupil; scales 23; lateral line complete; cheek scaled, lower limb of preopercle only denticulate; teeth in jaws and on vomer, none on palatines; second dorsal spine 2.75 in depth; dorsal vi-1, 10; anal u,17. Color in spirits yellowish white, slightly shaded with minute black dots which are largest and most abundant on cheek; fins unmarked; some have a spot at base of caudal and on opercle; others do ndt. Six specimens from Cavite, length 1.50 to 3.50 inches. PSEUDAMIA Bleeker. Pseudamia is apparently well distinguished by its small scales. 85. Pseudamia polystigma (Castelnau). Apogonichthys polystigma, Bleeker, Atlas, pl. cccxXLVIn, fig. 2: Head 2.75 in length; depth 4.12; eye 4.75 in head; dorsal vi-t, 8; anal m1, 10; scales 42, a distinct mem- branous flap at each anterior nostril; maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of eye. Color grayish, each scale with dark specks which form irregular rows, a large black blotch on base of caudal; dorsal fins dusky, with submarginal area of deep black on soft dorsal; caudal blackish; anal dusky; ventrals yellowish; top of head black; a black dot on posterior maxillary. One specimen from Cavite, length 4.25 inches. B. B. F. 1906—2 18 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family AMBASSID. 86. Ambassis kopsi (Bleeker). Head 2.75 in length; depth 2.50; eye 2.75 in head; scales 30, two rows of scales on cheek; lateral line curved, continuous, 24 rows of scales above it, 9 or 10 scales before dorsal; preorbital and lower limb of preopercle serrated; first dorsal spine 3.50 in length. Color yellowish white, uniform or with indistinct silvery line down middle of body; a black tip to second to fifth dorsal spines and membranes. Two specimens from Cavite, length 3 and 3.50 inches. The generic name Chanda Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822, has priority over Ambassis Cuvier, 1828. The name Ambassis is not used in a generic sense by Commerson or by Lacépéde. The first reviser of Chanda, Fowler (Proc. Ae. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1905, p. 500), has chosen dala as type, and as this is a species of the group called Pseudambassis, Chanda would replace the latter name, thus allowing Ambassis to stand for the original type, Ambassis ambassis. PRIOPIS Kuhl & Van Hasselt. 87. Priopis buruensis (Bleeker). Head 2.75 in length; depth 2.25; second dorsal spine 3.40; preorbital serrated; two rows of scales on cheek; lateral line interrupted; maxillary 2.75 in head, its tip under anterior margin of eye. Color yellowish white, slightly shaded above with minute dots, a silvery band along median line; membrane between third and fourth spines dusky, between third and fourth anal spines white. Two specimens from Cavite, length 3.25 and 4 inches. 88. Friopis interruptus (Bleeker). Head 2.75 in length; depth 2.20; eye 2.75 in head; scales 26; second dorsal spine very strong, equal to head, seales on cheek in 2 rows of 5 scales each. Color yellowish white; membrane between second and third dorsal spines dusky; a dusky line on a silvery band from base of caudal forward, fading out under anterior of spinous dorsal. One specimen from Cavite, length 2.75 inches. 89. Priopis lungi Jordan & Seale, new species. (Ambassis urotenia, Day, not of Bleeker.) Head 2.75 in length without caudal; eye 2.85 in head; dorsal vii—-1, 9; anal m1, 9; scales 3-24-6; a single row of scales on cheek; snout 1.85 in eye; interorbital 1.50 in eye; lateral line interrupted under third dorsal BY, ree TE ISSASI IIS: gece Fic. 6.—Priopis lungi Jordan & Seale, new species. Type. ray and turned downward to middle of side, where it is continued to base of caudal; anterior portion with 14 pores, oblique portion one complete pore and one partial pore, posterior portion 12 pores. Body moderately elongate, compressed; depth of caudal peduncle 2.50 in head; snout pointed, lower jaw the longer; upper anterior profile from origin of dorsal to tip of snout with a low angle and almost straight; FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. 19 maxillary 2.85 in head; minute teeth on jaws, vomer, and tongue; preorbital and lower limbs of preopercle serrated; gillrakers rather long, sharp-pointed; second dorsal spine strong, 1.50 in head; spine of second dorsal 2.35; base of anal 1.90; third anal spine the longest, 2.10; pectoral 1.60; ventral 1.60, its origin directly below origin of pectoral; caudal deeply forked, its length greater than head. Color in spirits yellowish white; a narrow dark line along median line of side, becoming more distinct posteriorly; a dark line along base of dorsal fins; membrane between second and third dorsal spines dusky; membrane between second and third anal spines slightly tinted with dusky; upper and lower margin of caudal white, the submarginal area dusky; 2 dusky blotch on upper part of orbit; eye golden. Two specimens from Cavite. Type, no. 5306@ U.S. National Museum, length 2.85 inches. Cotype, no. 9242, Museum Stanford University. This species is characterized by the single row of scales on cheek, the broken lateral tine, and by the marking of the fins. Priopis urotenia Bleeker, with which Day confounds this species, has a double row of scales on cheek. Family SERRANID#. PLECTROPOMUS (Cuvier) Oken. 90. Plectropomus calcarifer (Bloch). Head 2.60 in length; depth 3.20; eye 4.20 in head; dorsal vit, 12; anal m1, 9; scales 46 to base of caudal; preopercle serrated, with a strong spine at angle; opercle with a small flat spine; maxillary reaching to below posterior third of iris; minute teeth on jaws, vomer, palatines, and tongue; no canines. Color dusky brownish, with numerous indistinct longitudinal dusky stripes; fins brownish; tips of ventrals, anal, caudal, and soft dorsal with slight wash of dusky. One specimen from Cavite, length 5 inches. The generic name Plectropomus, later called Plectropoma, belongs apparently to this species as the chef de file of Cuvier, calearifer. CEPHALOPHOLIS Bloch & Schneider. 91. Cephalopholis stigmatopomus (Richardson). Head 2.50 in length; depth 2.75; eye 5 in head; dorsal rx, 15; anal m1, 8; scales about 187; teeth in several series in jaws, with 4 outer anterior canines in each jaw; small teeth on vomer and palatines; opercle with 3 strong spines, the upper the longest, the lower two closer together; preopercle with small denticulations; mouth long; maxillary 2 in head. Color uniform brown, becoming blackish posteriorly, fins black, unmarked. One specimen from Manila, length 7.50 inches. CROMILEPTES Swainson. 92. Cromileptes altivelis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 2.75 in length; depth 2.75; eye 4 in head; dorsal x, 18; anal m1, 10; scales 136; teeth in jaws, vomer, and palatines; preopercle serrated and rounded; opercle with 3 spines, the middle one the largest. Color light brown, with scattered round deep black spots, about size of eye on fins and body, small on head, a few running together on belly. One specimen from Manila, length 4.50 inches. EPINEPHELUS Bloch. 93. Epinephelus malabaricus Bloch. Head 2.60 in length; depth 3; eye 4.75 in head; dorsal x1, 17; anal m1, 8; scales about 100 in lateral series; gillrakers 14; preopercle serrated, with about 3 of the teeth at angle enlarged; opercle with spines, the two lower ones nearer together than upper and middle, the middle one largest and most posterior; canines in anterior of jaw. Color dull brownish, apparently without stripes or markings. Two specimens from Cavite, length 3.75 and 4.50 inches. 94. Epinephelus diacanthus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 2.85 in length; depth 3.20; eye 5 in head, 1 in snout, and 1 in interorbital; preopercle serrated, the serrations larger at angle; dorsal xt, 16; anal 11, 8; seales about 100. Color brownish, with 6 dark bands over back, which slope obliquely forward; numerous vermiculating brownish lines with some spots on side of body; dark bands of body extending into dorsal fin. Fourteen specimens from Cavite, length 3 to 8 inches. ~ 20 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Two of these specimens have the eye much larger and the body slightly more elongate, and may prove to be a different species. P 95. Epinephelus megachir (Richardson). Head 2.30 in eset, depth 3.10: eye 3.75 in head: preopercle serrated. the serrations larger at angle; dorsal xr. 16: anal mt, 8; scales S5: 14 gillrakers. Body with extremely large brown spots which ako cover the fins. One specimen from Cavite, length 5 mehes. 6. Ephinephelus tauvina (Forsksl). Head 2.60 in length: depth 3: eye 5 in head: seales 110. Grayish dusky above, with 6 indistinct bands and scattered large brown spots: preopercle serrated. the serrations much larger at angle. Three specimens from Cavite. length about 5 inches. Family PRIACANTHIDE PRIACANTHUS Cuvier. 97. Priacanthus cruentatus (Lacépéde). Head 3 in length: depth 2.5; eye 2 in head: dorsal x, 12: anal mt, 13: scales about 75: mauillary reaching to below anterior of pupil. 2 in head: preopercle serrated. with long spines at angle. the spime reaching to below middle of base of pectoral. tenth dorsal spine 2 in head. the ninth about as long. Color in spirits dull brown, margin of dorsal dusky. tips of ventrals dusky. alo tip of caudal. Two specimens from Cavite, length 3 and 3.40 inches. ' Family LUTIANIDE. LUTIANTS Bloch. 98. Lutianus dodecantheoides (Bleeker). Head 2.50 in length: depth 2.30: dorss] x1. 12: anal mt. 9: seales 11-35: eye 4.75 in heaa: snout 2.75. Color in spirits yellowish white. with narrow oblique dusky lines above Isteral line and about 10 longitudinal lines below: a silvery white blotch in posterior axil of dorsal: a broad black saddle over caudal peduncle: dorss! tipped with blsck: s dusky wash on anal: tips of ventrak black. One specimen from Manila, length 7 inches. 99. Lutianus vitta (Quoy & Gaimard). Head 2.50 in length: depth 3: dorss] x. 15: ans] mr, 8: scales 11-66: eye 4.50 im head: snout 3.10. Color yellowish white, center of scales above laters! line with dark spots. forming dark oblique lines one-fourth as wide as interspaces, s brosder brown band from eye along side te below posterior anil of soft dorsal; no color on fins: notch and knob of operele smail but distinct. Eighteen specimens from Cavite, length 325 to 9 inches. 100. Lutianus quinguelineatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). One specimen from Cavite. Five blue stripes along side: a large dusky hsteral blotch. 101. Lutianus russell ( Bleeker)- Hesd 2.75 in length; depth 2.75: eye 3.40 in head: snout 3.50: dorsal x, 14: anal mr. S; scales about £7_ Two young exsmples from Cavite, length 3 inches 102. Lutianus gibbus (Forsks))- Head 2.75 in length: depth 2.75: eye + in head, 1.40 in snout: preoperculsr knob and noich large. acuie; dorssl x. 14: snal mr. S; scales $65. Color yellowish white. with many (35 to 4) narrow oblique dusky lines following eee es entirely scross the body. Spimous dorsal with dusky margin; soft dorsal dusky with white upper margin: ventrak tipped with dusky: anal with msarem of white and intramarginsl area of dusky: caudsl dusky with white margin. - One specimen. 7 inches long, from Cavite. As compared with Lutianus gibdus of the same size from Sames. the mauillsry is shorter, the depth of body is less. and the snout is less pointed. FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. 21 103. Lutanus decussaius (Covier & Valenciemnes)- 7 Head 2.75 m length: depth 3: dorsal x_ 13: amal mt. $8: seales 7-65: snout 3 im head: eve £5 im head: mesiiry 2.75, reaching to below anierior half of eye: no distinct preopercular notch. Color yellowish white, with 5 wide brown longitudimal bands on side. the 3 upper ones with 7 vertical bands extending through them: a black spot on cands] peduncle. One specimen from Manila. neath 5.5) inches PINJALO Bleeker. 104. Pinjalo typus Bleecker. a ee ee ee eee moderate: maxillary endins under anterior marzm of eve: teeth in jaws and vomer. none on palstines or toneue. Color uniform yellowish white, the dorsal fms with dusky edees. middle of caudal margm dusky Nime specimens from Cavite. leneth 275 to 5 mehes. 3ie_ 7.—_Nemiptere: Isiess (Block) 105. Nemipterus Inteus (Bloch)_ Head 320 m length: depth 4: eve 3 m head; 3 rows of scales on cheek- dorsal x, 9: anal mt. 7: seals about ££ Color yellowish. with 9 dark bands over back and down to ixteral Ime. One specimen from Cavite. 106. Nemipterus tzniopiterus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 3.10 im length: depth 3.0: eve 3.5) in head. sichtly less than snout: 3 rows cf scales on cheek: canine tecth m each jaw: membranes of dorsal slightly incised. Color yellosish-white: upper half D 7? two dark lines backward from angle of mouth. Two specimens from Cavite, length 8.50 and 9 inches. Family CEPOLIDA. ACANTHOCEPOLA Bleeker. 138. Acanthocepola abbreviata (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 6 in length; depth 9; eye 3.50 in head; dorsal 70; anal 73; teeth in a single row in both jaws; scales small but distinct; dorsal and anal continuous with caudal; a strong spine at angle of preopercle followed by 4 spinelets on its lower limb. Color yellowish, with indistinct traces of numerous vertical bands on back; anal and dorsal tipped with dusky. Nine specimens from Cavite, length 5 to 7.25 inches. Family POMACENTRID. DASCYLLUS Cuvier. 139. Dascyllus aruanus (Linneus). Head 3 in length; depth 1.75; eye 2.50 in head; dorsal xm, 11; anal 1, 11. Color in spirits yellowish, with 3 deep black*cross-bands, one covering nuchal region and snout, the second from fifth to seventh dorsal spines to ventrals; the third covering posterior dorsal down to posterior of anal; caudal yellow. Five speci- mens of this well-known species from Cavite, length 1 to 2.25 inches. 140. Dascyllus trimaculatus (Riippell). Head 3.75 in length; depth 1.60; eye 3 in head; dorsal xu, 14; anal 1, 12; scales 3-27-11; anterior of head and snout bluntly and evenly rounded, the snout and mouth not projecting. Color blackish, tip of soft dorsal yellowish, a yellowish white spot under middle of dorsal fin, the one on nuchal region apparently obsolete ; fins black. One specimen from Manila, length 3.50 inches. POMACENTRUS Lacépede. 141. Pomacentrus tripunctatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. (Pomacentrus trilineatus Ehrenberg. Head 3.40 in length; depth 2; eye 3.50 in head; dorsal xi, 15; anal 11, 15; scales 3-27-9; preopercle and orbital strongly denticulate. Color in spirits rich brown; caudal yellow; fins blackish. Two fine specimens from Cavite, length about 4 inches, colored as above. A specimen 3 inches long, from Cavite, is dull brown with dark spot in axil of pectoral and on top of caudal peduncle; caudal yellow; anal and ventral black; some bluish on snout. Another specimen from Cavite, 2.50 inches long, is dull yellowish brown, a black spot at origin of lateral line and in axil of pectoral; fins yellowish-brown, except dusky wash on dorsal; some bluish on snout; caudal yellow. A small specimen, length 2.50 inches, from Cavite, is brown, with yellow caudal, a black dot at origin of lateral line; a narrow blue line from snout over top of head on each side; another along side of snout through eye, a slight dusky blotch in soft dorsal. no [o 6) BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. ABUDEFDUF Forskal. 142. Abudefduf turchesius Jordan & Seale, new species. Head 3.25 in length; depth 2.40; eye 3 in head; snout 4; interorbital 3.50; dorsal xu, 13; anal m, 12; scales 2-28-9; preopercle entire; opercle with a small but distinct spine at its posterior margin. Body oblong, compressed; jaws even, angle of mouth under anterior third of eye; head and body firmly scaled: depth of caudal peduncle equal to its length, which is 2 in head; a single row of blunt pointed teeth in each jaw; suborbital above angle of mouth equal to one-half width of pupil; gillrakers slim and sharp, about Fic. 10.—Abudefduf turchesius Jordan & Seale, new species. Type. 12 on lower limb; spinous dorsal rather low, the longest spine 2.50 in head; dorsal rays longer, 1.20; base of anal 2.50 in base of dorsal, its longest ray 1.20; pectoral equal to head; ventrals with outer rays prolonged, reaching to base of anal; caudal rounded, equal to head. Color in spirits uniform deep blue, slightly lighter, with yellowish wash on thorax and belly; fins all uniform blue except pectorals and ventrals, which are gray. One specimen from Cavite, type no. 9245, Museum Stanford University, length 2 inches. 143. Abudefduf saxatilis (Linneus). Head 3.20 in length; depth 2; eye 3.20 in head; dorsel x1, 13; anal 11, 13. Color dull grayish white; 5 wide black vertical bands on side; a black spot at axil of pectorals; fins dusky, no black lines extending into caudal; lower part of body with yellowish wash. One specimen from Manila, length 4.35 inches. Family LABRIDA. CHROPS Rippell. 144. Cherops anchorago (Bloch). Head 3 in length; depth 3; eye 5 in head; dorsel x11, 7; anal 11, 9; scales 30; cheek with imbricate scales; preopercle serrated. Color in spirits yellowish with the upper anterior two-thirds of body black, invaded at middle of pectoral by a yellow band; posterior part of body, belly, soft dorsal caudal, anal, pectoral and ventrals yellow, dusky at axil of pectoral. One specimen from Manila, length 4.75 inches. bo le) FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. LEPIDAPLOIS Gill. 145. Lepidaplois macrurus (Lacépéde). Head 3 in length; depth 2.95; dorsal xm, 9; anal mr, 12; seales 32. Color in spirits yellowish white; 4 red bands through interorbital space over nuchal region and back over upper half of body; 2 similar lines through eye and 2 or 3 below eye, these extending back on body; a wide deep black area below soft dorsal, at the lateral line sending an oblique band-like projection of black downward and backward, running out on lower caudal rays to tip; ventrals black; margin of anal black, a dusky wash on belly. One specimen from Manila, length 10 inches. HALICHERES Riippell. 146. Halicheres nigrescens (Bloch & Schneider). Head 3.20 in length; depth 3; eye 6 in head; dorsal rx, 12; anal m1, 12; a strong canine at angle of jaw; scales 28. Color in spirits yellowish, with bluish gray on upper two-thirds of body more or less distinctly arranged in 8 or 9 cross-bands; a blue-black yellow-edged ocellus between the fifth to seventh dorsal spines; margins of caudal bright yellow, the inner part with blue and yellow cross-bands, dusky below; a black spot in axil of pectoral; outer edge of dorsal and anal bluish, the inner half of these fins with roundish yellowish markings; head with blue lines. Three specimens from Manila, length 3.75 to 5.20 inches. 147. Halicheres hyrtli (Bleeker). Head 3.50 in length; depth 4; dorsal rx, 12; anal 1, 11; scales 29; teeth in a single row in each jaw, with a distinct posterior canine. Color in spirits yellowish, the scales with a tint of brown; a wide distinct brown band from snout through eye te base of caudal; a black yellow-edged ocellus at posterior end of this line on base of caudal; a brown band along base of caudal; the lines of each side uniting at tip of snout; a black spot between the first and second dorsal spines at base sometimes extending back to third spine; dorsal, anal, and caudal with indistinct reticulating lines or white spots; base of pectorals with a black spot. Three specimens from Manila, length 2.50 to 3.10 inches. 148. Halicheres scapularis (Bennett). Head 3 in length; depth 4; eye 4 in head; snout 3.75; interorbital 1.75 in snout; dorsal rx, 11; anal 11, 11; scales 3-27-9; a distinct canine at angle of jaws. Body oblong, moderately compressed; depth of caudal peduncle 2.30 in head; snout rather sharp-pointed , the lips thick; sharp-pointed teeth in a single series in each jaw; the anterior canines of each jaw slightly enlarged; posterior canines distinct; gillrakers short, sharp-pointed, 11 on lower limb; scales in front of dorsal and on thorax small, 9 series in front of dorsal; dorsal fin low, its longest spine 2.50 in head, the rays slightly longer; base of anal equal to length of head, its longest ray 2.50 in head; pectorals 1.60; ventrals 2.10; caudal rounded, 1.75. Color in spirits dull gray; a distinct black stripe from eye along side to upper base of caudal; a narrow narrow indistinct light line on the median line from lobe of opercle to middle of caudal; fins yellowish white without markings; no black spot in axil of pectoral or on base of caudal. Two specimens from Panay, length 2.75 inches. A specimen from Manila which was 5.50 inches long had head 4 in length; depth 4; eye 5.50 in head; a blunt tooth at angle of mouth; some small scales behind the eye. Color in spirits (specimen much faded), above grayish green, the scales with darker centers, yellowish below; caudal banded; dorsal and anal with 2 or 3 longitudinal bands of dusky and yellowish; cheek with bands and dots, especially a band behind eye and 2 spots on upper part of opercle; a dusky oblique band on each side of belly from inner axil of pectoral. 149. Halicheres binotopsis (Bleeker). Head 3.20 in length; depth 3.75; dorsal 1x, 11; anal ur, 11; scales 28. Color in spirits (badly faded) yellowish, with indistinct dusky spots and 4 or 5 indistinct cross-bands; a black dot on upper base of caudal; a dusky ocellus between first and second dorsal spines and another between first and second dorsal rays; some lines on head, one of which forms a short but rather wide vertical dark line behind eye. Another specimen has the head 3 in length; depth 3.50; eye 4 in head. Color in spirits bluish, with 5 dark bands with white lines between them; dorsal with ocelli; anal with a row of ocelli; caudal with ocelli; a black bar behind eye; lines on cheek hot forming a complete circuit. Numerous specimens from Cavite, length 2.25 to 3.25 inches. 30 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 150. Halichceres miniatus (Kuhl & Van Hasselt). Head 3.95 in length; depth 3.50; eye 4.50 in head. Anal fin with fine black dots; dorsal with spot in middle; a black bar behind eye and a black dot in front; about 5 dark bars over back and 5 along side, these more or less united by longitudinal dark band; dorsal with oblique dusky lines. Several specimens from Manila and Cavite. i 151. Halicheres argus (Bloch & Schneider). Head 3.35 in length; depth, 3.35; eye, 4.20 in head. Each scale with a round spot on a blue field; dorsal and anal with round spots on blue field; caudal dusky at tip, with round rings on rest of fin; stripes on thorax; blue lines on head; a lighter line above lateral line; six white marks each side of dorsal. Three specimens from Cavite. 152. Halicheres peecilus (Richardson). (Halicheres annulatus Fowler.) Head, 2.55 in length; depth, 3.75; eye, 3.75 in head. Three bands of color along side; about six dark bands over back; a dark bar behind eye with a dark line from its upper and lower part; a dark line from eye to snout, a large black ocellus in middle of dorsal; another between anterior spines, the fin with markings extending into it from the body; anal with row of rings at base followed by a line; markings on cheek variable the dark sometimes forming complete rings. Numerous specimens from Cavite. 153. Halichcres pseudominiatus (Bleeker). Head 3 in length; depth 3.50; eye 4.75 in head. One specimen from Cavite, with which H. opercularis of the South Seas may prove to be identical, but in the latter the silver band under eye always curves back near posterior edge of opercle and extends forward across lower part of cheek, while in H. pseudominiatus it ends at opercle or at its base, not doubling back sharply as in H. opercularas. STETHOJULIS Gunther. 154. Stethojulis phekadopleura Bleeker. Head 3 in length; depth 3.10. Color brownish above, white below with 3 rows of brown dots along lower part of side; a brown spot at base of caudal. Three specimens from Cavite. 155. Stethojulis bandanensis (Bleeker). Head 2.95 in length; depth 3. Color drab, light brown above, yellowish below; a white spot above axil of pectoral; base of pectoral brown; 3 small black dots on caudal peduncle, and a black spot between pos- terior rays. Other specimens show the following coloration: Drab above, yellowish white below, the colors not meet- ing sharply on body, but on head the division sharply marked by a white line extending from snout to a little past posterior of opercle, where it forms a white characteristic spot just above axil of pectoral; 3 black dots on caudal peduncle, 1 between posterior rays of dorsal and one, or a slight indication of one, between the Jast rays of anal. Numerous specimens from Cavite. This species, found also at Samoa, is very near Stethojulis axillaris of Hawaii, but apparently distinct. 156. Stethojulis kalosoma Bleeker. Head 3.98 in length; depth 4, eye 4.50 in head. A black line from posterior orbit to about tip of pectoral very indistinct; 4 lines of dots along lower side with fine specks between them, no black dot on fin; dorsal with indistinct oblique lines. Several specimens from Cavite. THALASSOMA Swainson, 157. Thalassoma lunare (Linnzus). Head 3.20 in length; depth 3.50; eye 5 in head; dorsal vit, 13; anal 1, 11; scales 26; a single row of teeth in jaws. Color in spirits, body olive-brown, the center of each scale with a short vertical stripe; head deep blue; caudal yellow, outer rays with dusky; dorsal and anal blue with the outer third yellow; 2 brown FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. 31 Jongitudinal stripes on each side of thorax below pectoral; a blue line around under jaw from angle to angle, with a median blue line to tip of under jaw; pectoral with deep blue on upper part; caudal rays prolonged. One specimen from Cavite, length 4.55 inches. 158. Thalassoma dorsale (Quoy & Gaimard). Head 3 in length; depth 3.10; eye 5.75 in head; dorsal vii, 13; anal 11, 11; scales 29: caudal lunate. Color in spirits yellowish white, with 7 black bands over side and down almost to median line on side; head with broad red bands; dorsal with dusky longitudinal band through middle, the outer part yellow, tip of caudal dusky, anal yellow with dusky black. One specimen from Manila, length 5 inches. CHEILINUS Lacépede. 159. Cheilinus trilobatus Lacépéde. Head 2.50 in length; depth 2.85; dorsal 1x, 10; anal 11, 8; scales 20. Color in spirits brownish, with 4 wide dark bands on side; a black spot at base of eighth to ninth dorsal rays; 3 black spots on median line on posterior half of body; some black spots in anal; soft dorsal whitish; numerous light colored dots and short lines on head. One specimen from Manila, length 4.75 inches. 160. Cheilinus rostratus Cartier. Head 3 in length; depth 2.60; eye 5 in head; dorsal 1x, 10; anal 111, 9; scales 24: preoperck serrated; caudal rounded; profile of head above snout concave, the snout slim and conical, its length 3 in head. Color in spirits yellowish white; 4 rather irregular dusky blotches or bands on side of body; a dusky band from eye vertically down to throat; upper lip with dusky spots; some dusky blotches on dorsal and anal; caudal with some dusky bars. One specimen from Iloilo, length 4 inches. HEMIPTERONOTUS Lacépede. 161. Hemipteronotus pentadactylus Lacépéde. Head 4 in length; depth 3.25; eye 4.50 in head; dorsal 1-vu, 12; anal 11,12; scales 28. The first 2 dorsal spines elongate and separate from rest of fin; cheek scaly. Color in spirits yellowish white, a black blotch on side of body above posterior third of pectoral fin, a longer light yellowish blotch just below this black spot; fins unmarked. Two specimens from Manila, length 3.75 and 4.20 inches. Family SCARICHTHYIDA. CALLYODON Gronow (Scarus Forskal.) 162. Callyodon lacerta (Cuvier & Valenciennes). A young example 3.75 inches long, probably of this species, from Iloilo has the following characteristics: Head 3 in Jength; depth 3; eye 4 in head; 3 rows of scales on cheek, the middle row of 6 scales, the lower of 2; lips entirely covering the white teeth; caudal rounded. Color uniform yellowish brown, no bars or markings; dorsal with slight tip of dusky; anal with 2 indistinct bands. 163. Callyodon elerz Jordan & Seale, new species. Head 3.10 in length; depth 2.95; eye 6.50 in head 2.50 in snout; dorsal 1x, 10; anal 1m, 8; scales 2-25-6, 3 rows on cheek, the lower row of 4 scales covering the lower limb of preopercle; lips narrow, covering about two-thirds of upper jaw; teeth green, with 2 strong canines at angle. Body oblong, rather deep; depth of caudal peduncle 2.75 in head; head bluntly but evenly pointed; seven rows of scales in front of dorsal; dorsal fin rather low, its longest ray 2.75 in nead; base of anal fin 1.30 in head, 2.20 in base of dorsal; pectoral 1.30 in head; ventral 1.55; caudal rather deeply lunate, the lobe almost equal to length of head. Color in spirits dull yellowish, the upper half with a wash of brown darker on shoulders and upper half of head, the colors being distinctly separated on check, on line with lower part of orbit; lips yellow, followed by a broader green line which extends back to eye, the yellow margin on lower lip very narrow; a slightly darker 32 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. band extending across part of interorbital space; dorsal fin yellowish with a slight wash of green, a narrow line of dark green at margin; anal yellow with a broad green margin; ventral yellow; pectoral yellow, with wash of dull green; caudal green with the upper and lower intramarginal rays yellowish. One specimen from Cavite, length 12.50 inches, type no. 9246, Museum Stanford University. This species is named for the late Fra Castro de Elera, professor in the college of Santo Tomas in Manila, author of a catalog of the fauna of the Philippines. Fig. 11.— Callyodon elere Jordan & Seale, new species. Type. Family SCORPIDA. MONODACTYLUS Lacépede (Psettus Cuvier). 164. Monodactylus argenteus (Linnus). Head 3 in length; depth 1.10; eye 2.50 in head; dorsal vir, 30; anal m1, 29; teeth villiform in jaws, yomer, palatines, and tongue. Color silvery, with purplish reflections; a black ocular band through eye; another dusky band over shoulders to posterior margin of opercle; anterior portion of dorsal and anal fins dusky. Four young examples from Cavite, length 1.50 to 4.75 inches. Family ILARCHIDA. PLATAX Cuvier. 165. Platax orbicularis (Forskal). Head 3 in length; depth slightly less than length; dorsal v, 37; anal m1, 27. Color grayish in spirits; a black ocular band which extends down and out on the long ventral fin; another black band at posterior margin of opercle and at base of caudal fin; anterior rays of dorsal and anal dusky; caudal yellow. One specimen, 2.75 inches long, from Iloilo. ; Family EPHIPPID. EPHIPPUS Cuvier (Scatophagus Cuvier & Valenciennes). 166. Ephippus argus (Gmelin). Head 3.05 in length; depth 1.75; pectoral fins short; dorsal xr, 17; anal 1v, 13. Color brownish, white on belly, thorax, and chin; scattered black spots over upper half of body; some spots on caudal peduncle; fins dusky. Five specimens from Cavite, length 2 to 5 inches. FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. 33 Family DREPANIDE. DREPANE Cuvier & Valenciennes. 167. Drepane punctata (Gmelin). Head 2.75 in length; depth 1.10; eye 3.50 in head; dorsal 1x, 20; anal m1, 18; scales 50; spine pointing forward under the skin in front of dorsal, second dorsal spine long; pectoral long, reaching about to base of caudal; all specimens have small barbels on each side of throat, with a cluster of about 6 on chin. Color silvery, with about 7 vertical dusky bands made up of black spots, these bands more distinct in young, being less broken up into spots; ventrals partly dusky; head without bands. Five specimens from Cavite, length 2.50 to 6.75 inches. Family CHATODONTIDA. CHELMO Cuvier. 168. Chelmo rostratus (Linnzus). Head 2.35 in length; depth 1.70; dorsal 1x, 30; anal 111, 21; snout pointed, 2 in head. Color yellowish, with 4 yellow dark-edged vertical bands, the anterior one forming the ocular band; a large black white-edged ocellus in middle of soft dorsal, at upper part of fourth band; a dark band on caudal peduncle. The largest example shows: Head 2.50 in length; depth 1.25; snout 4.25 in head; eye 3 in snout. Color in spirits yellowish, with 5 vertical darker bands, the anterior one forming the ocular band; in addition there are numerous longitudinal lines; a large blue-edged ocellus of black on the soft dorsal. Three specimens from Cavite, length 1.450 to 6.25 inches. PARACHETODON Bleeker. 169. Parachetodon ocellatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 3 in length; depth 1.10; dorsal x11, 24; anal m1, 20. Color yellowish, with 3 oblique broad bands of light brown on side of body; another similar band occupying posterior portion of dorsal and anal fins, crossing the caudal peduncle, where it has a white line at its margins; a brown ocular band with black margins; the third band of body has a round black ocellus at its upper portion, a dusky line down middle of forehead and snout; ventrals dusky. Nine specimens from Cavite, length 1.50 to 3.50 inches. GONOCHATODON Bleeker. 170. Gonochetodon triangulum (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 2.75 in length; depth 1.10; eye 2.80 in head; dorsal x1; anal 11, 26; the posterior of dorsal fin is almost straight with the angle directed inward. Color brownish, darker on posterior of body, with numerous white lines on body forming blunt angles with the point toward the head; 3 dark bands on head, extending on ventral fin; inner half of caudal black; tip of caudal white; a narrow intramarginal black line on anal. CHETODON Linneus. 171. Cheetodon trifasciatus Park. Head 3.35 in length; depth 1.50; dorsal xm, 12; anal 11, 20. Color dull yellowish, with narrow longi- tudinal black lines from head to caudal; a black band on caudal; a black wedge-shaped area on posterior part of dorsal and anal; 3 black bands on head, the middle one forming the ocular band; the anterior one on tip of snout; 2 narrow dusky lines on soft dorsal; anal dusky with white margin. One specimen from Cavite, length 4 inches. , 172. Chetodon ornatissimus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Head 3.25 in length; depth 1.25; dorsal xm, 25; anal ur, 22. Color yellowish, with grayish wash; 7 wide oblique dusky bands on side of body, about 5 vertical lines on head, the middle one forming the ocular band; 2 black bands on tail; 2 dark lines on dorsal and anal. One specimen from Manila, length 3.25 inches. B. B. F. 1906—3 B84 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 173. Cheetodon punctatofasciatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Head 3.60 in length; depth 1.30; dorsal x1, 23; anal m1, 17. Color yellowish, with 8 dusky vertical bands from dorsal to middle of body; a white ocular band with dusky margin; a lunate dusky band in caudal; an intramarginal line of black in dorsal and anal; a black spot in front of dorsal fin; lower half of body with distinct round black dots which seem gradually to fade out on upper third of body. Three specimens from Manila, length 3.25 to 3.50 inches. 174. Cheetodon kleini Bloch. Head 3.50 in length; depth 1.380; eye 2.75 in head. Color yellowish or grayish, with a wide ocular band from the rather gibbous origin of dorsal thru eye out on ventral fins, which are black; dorsal and anal with narrow intramarginal dusky lines, caudal yellowish; very indistinct indications of dusky on posterior part of body and above middle of pectoral. One specimen from Manila, length 3.20 inches. HOLACANTHUS Lacépéde. 175. Holacanthus bicolor (Bloch). Head 3.75 in length; depth 2; eye 2.50 in head. Anterior third of body bright yellow, posterior two- thirds deep black; a black band between eyes; caudal bright yellow. One specimen of this well-marked fish from Manila, length 4.75 inches. 176. Holocanthus diacanthus (Boddert). Head 3.85 in length; depth 1.85; dorsal x1v, 19; anal m1, 19; spine+of preopercle reaching to below posterior margin of opercles. Color in spirits yellowish, with about 16 dusky bands from dorsal curving orward and back to ventral surface of body and to anal; curved lines in dorsal and anal; caudal yellow; soft dorsal dusky; 2 deep blue lines on head, one from shoulder behind and below the eye, the other in front of eye. One specimen of this well-known fish from Manila, length 7.50 inches. Family ACANTHURIDE. HEPATUS Gronow ( Teuthis Linnzeus). 177. Hepatus celebicus (Bleeker). Head 3.25 in length; depth 2; eye 3 in head; dorsal viir, 25; anal 1, 24. Color brown; deep black at posterior margin of opercle; a white band around under jaw; fins blackish; tip of snout black; caudal lunate. One specimen from Manila, length 4.75 inches. 178. Hepatus matoides (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 3.20 in length; depth 2; dorsal 1x, 28; anal u, 27. Color brown; 4 longitudinal bluish bands in dorsal fin; anal blackish; younger examples with white band on posterior part of caudal peduncle. Two specimens from Iloilo, length 3 and 5.30 inches. This species is probably identical with Hepatus guntheri (Jenkins) and Hepatus blochii (Cuvier & Valen- ciennes). ZEBRASOMA Swainson. 179. Zebrasoma rhombeum (Kittlitz). Head 3 in length; depth 1.50; snout 1.50 in head; base of caudal spine white, with a large mass of small sete in front of spine; lower part of body with indistinct longitudinal bluish lines; fins blackish, caudal square. This is probably a color-form of the yellow Zebrasoma flavescens. One specimen from island of Panay; length 4.25 inches. FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. 35 Family SIGANIDA. SIGANUS Forskil. 180. Siganus javus (Linneus). Head 4 in length; depth 2.20; eye 3 in head; snout 2.75; dorsal xin, 10; anal vu, 9. Color brown, with numerous small white dots on shoulder and upper part of body and head, becoming larger on side and forming longitudinal lines; on side and below, these lines more or less broken up; belly yellowish; fins yellowish with irregular spots of brownish or with grayish wash; caudal emarginate. Nine specimens from Cavite, length 3 to 4.50 inches. 181. Siganus virgatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 3.50 in length; depth 2; eye 2.75 in head; dorsal x1, 10; anal vi, 9. Dull grayish, tinted with blue, a dusky band from fourth and sixth dorsal spines to axil of pectoral; a black ocular band through eye; narrow cross-bands on top of head and some narrow oblique lines on shoulder; fins yellowish; anal and ventrals with slight wash of dusky. In older examples the cross lines of black on top of head and snout become mo:e distinct and a number of black dots appear behind the second dusky band. Two specimens from the island of Panay, length about 4 inches; one fine specimen 7 inches long from Manila. 182. Siganus marmoratus (Quoy & Gaimard). Head 3.85 in length; depth 2.50; eye 2.75 in head; dorsal x11, 10; anal vu, 9. Color in spirits brownish, with bluish vermiculating lines about half as wide as iris, inclined to run longitudinally on side, more reticulate on back; caudal banded; soft dorsal and anal with dusky spots on rays forming 2 or more bands. One speci- men from Manila, about 3.5 inches long. 183. Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn). Head 3.50 in length; depth 2.50; eye 3.50 in head; dorsal xm, 10; anal vu, 9; caudal emarginate, Color in spirits pale bluish; usually with a dusky opercular spot; some scattered dots of light and also of dusky over body; caudal banded. Three specimens from Cavite, 3 to 4 inches in length, and 2 specimens from island of Panay, 2.50 and 3 inches long. 184. Siganus lineatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 3.75 in length; depth 2; eye 3 in head; dorsal xm; anal ym, 9. Color in spirits bluish gray with brown dots or lines, the lines on upper part of body usually surrounding light bluish spots, some specimens (not all) showing a yellowish blotch at base of soft dorsal, and corresponding in every respect to the figure of Cuvier & Valenciennes (Hist. Nat. Poiss., pl. 286); belly yellowish white; fins with grayish wash. One specimen from Manila, length 5.75 inches. 185. Siganus tetrazonus (Bleeker). Head 3.50 in length; depth 2.10; eye 3.10 in head; snout 2.50. Color in spirits bluish white, with 4 broad cross bands of dusky over back and down on side; base of caudal dusky; fins splotched with dusky. Three young examples from Manila, length 1.50 to 3 inches, and 2 from Cavite, 2.25 and 5 inches long. Family BALISTIDA. BALISTAPUS Tilesius. 186. Balistapus undulatus (Park). One fine specimen of this well-known species from Cavite. 36 ; BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family MONACANTHIDE. MONACANTHUS Cuvier. 187. Monacanthus chinensis (Bloch). Head 2.30 in length; depth 1.10 equal to length without caudal peduncle; dorsal 1, 28; anal 28. Color brownish gray, with numerous small dots of brown, caudal with disky tip. One small specimen an inch long from Manila. 188. Monacanthus nemurus (Bloch). Head 3.10 in length; depth 2.12; eye 4.20 in head; dorsal spine with a row of spinules on each side, 1.75 in head; dorsal 28; anal 29. Color brownish gray, mottled with darker blotches; caudal with 2 dusky bands. Three specimens from Manila, length 3 inches, and 2 specimens from island of Panay, 1.50 and 3.50 inches long. ALUTERA Cuvier. 189. Alutera monoceros (Osbeck). Head 3 in length; depth 2.25; eye 4.75 in head; dorsal 48; anal 50; dorsal spine feeble, without barbs, situated over middle of eye, its length 3.50 in head; caudal 1.30. Color uniform brownish, posterior part of caudal shaded with dusky. One specimen from Manila, length 5 inches. Family OSTRACIIDA. OSTRACION Linneus. 190. Ostracion cornutum Linnus. Head 3 in length; depth 2.10; eye 2.05 in head. This well-known species is easily distinguished by the long cow-like orbital spines, about equal to length of head. Color grayish or yellowish white, without dots. Five specimens from Cavite, length 1 to 2.50 inches. 191. Ostracion gibbosum Linneus. Head 3 in length; depth 2. Four ridges to carapace, the 2 upper much closer together and surmounted by a very large strong spine; 4 strong spines along lower lateral ridge. Color yellowish white, with about 4 dusky oblique bars on side. Eleven specimens from Cavite, length 1 to 2.50 inches. 192. Ostracion tuberculatum Linneus. Head 2.10 in length; depth 1.20; eye 2.20 in head; carapace four-ridged, without sharp spines; a ridge with blunt short spine on middle of carapace. Each plate with a round brown spot about size of pupil. Three specimens from Cavite, length 0.50 to 1 inch. Family TETRAODONTIDA. SPHEROIDES (Lacépede) Dumeril. 193. Spheroides lunaris (Bloch). Head 3.20 in length; depth 3.10; caudal lunate. Color grayish above, white below; top of caudal peduncle dusky. Five specimens from Cavite, length 2 to 4.50 inches, and 2 from Manila, 4 inches long. The Japanese species called Spheroides spadiceus (Richardson) is probably not distinct from Spheroides lunaris. 194. Spheroides ocellatus (Osbeck). Back covered with small spines from interorbital space to dorsal fin, side naked, belly spiny. Brownish above; one or more wide blackish cross-bands, one on middle of back, one very indistinct from base of dorsal; tip of head and snout dusky; whitish spots over back and side separated by narrow brownish network, tip of caudal dusky. Two specimens from Manila, length 2.75 and 3.75 inches. FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. 37 TETRAODON Linnezus. 195. Tetraodon immaculatus Bloch. Entire body excepting lips and tail covered with spines. Color grayish green, with narrow brown longi- tudinal stripes over back, side, and belly; caudal with upper, lower, and posterior margin black. One specimen from Cavite, length 3.75 inches. 196. Tetraodon reticulatus Bloch. Entirely covered with small spines. Color dusky; under part of body covered with numerous brown lines, descending obliquely from cheek posterior of body and caudal fin with bluish spots; dorsal, anal, and pectoral unspotted. One specimen from Cavite, length 4.75 inches. 197. Tetraodon hispidus Linneus. Above grayish-green, white below, large round white spots over back; sides of belly with dusky lines, distinct and extending entirely over belly in young. Three specimens from Manila, length about 2 to 3 inches; 1 specimen from the island of Panay, length 4.75 inches. CANTHIGASTER Swainson. 198. Canthigaster compressus (Procé). Head 3 in length; depth 2.75. A large black blue-edged ocellus at base of dorsal fin; blue lines on fore- head; belly white. Four specimens from Cavite, length 2 to 3.50 inches. Family SCORPANID. GENNADIUS Jordan & Seale, new genus. Gennadius Jordan &§Seale, new genus of Scorpeenide (Sebastes stoliczx Day). This genus is separated from Sebastes and Sebastodes by the absence of cranial spines. Dorsal spines X1v; scales large. 199. Gennadius stoliczz (Day). Head 2.50 in length; depth 2.80; eye 3.50 in head; dorsal xtv, 10; anal mm, 6; scales 40; teeth villiform in jaws, vomer, and palatines; head scaled but without spines except a single spine on opercle; preopercle serrated. Color in spirits yellowish, marbled with brown dusky bars across all the fins and dark bands radiating from eye and on lips. One specimen from the island of Panay, length 4.50 inches. This species is well figured by Dr. Francis Day (Fishes of India, 148, pl. xxxvz1, fig. 1). SEBASTOPSIS Gill. 200. Sebastopsis scabra (Ramsay & Ogilby). Head 2.20 in length; depth 3; eye 3.50 in head; interorbital 1.50 in eye; an orbital tentacle; dorsal xu-r, 9; anal m1, 5; second anal spine long, about equal to longest ray; dark bands over body; caudal peduncle lighter, with dark bar at base of caudal; a dark spot on opercle. Several specimens from Cavite, identical with others from Samoa. SEBASTAPISTES Gill. 201. Sebastapistes tristis (Klunzinger). Head 2.20 in length; depth 2.50; dorsal xm, 9; anal m1, 4; second anal spine 2.20 in head, prominent compound orbital tentacle about equal to eye. Color in spirits grayish, mottled with brown; brown band on lips and chin. One specimen from the island of Panay, length 1.20 inches. . The species is very close to our Sebastapistes laotale from Samoa, but the latter lacks the orbital tentacle. 38 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. SCORPZENOPSIS Bleeker. 202. Scorpzenopsis cirrhosa (Thunberg). Head 2.75 in length; depth 3.20; dorsal x, 1, 10; anal m1, 5; second anal spine 2 in head; interorbital space less than eye, 1.50 in snout; numerous large dermal flaps or tentacles over head, body, and fins; very large dermal flaps on chin. Color in spirits grayish, marbled with dusky in the form of black bands over back; fins with dusky bands and marblings. A single fine specimen of this well-known species from the island of Panay, length 6.25 inches. 203. Scorpeenopsis nova-guinez (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 2.50 in length; depth 3.12; eye 5.12 in head; dorsal x1, 1, 9; anal m1, 5; the second anal spine about equal to length of longest anal ray; interorbital less than eye; an orbital tentacle; several tentacles on lower jaw and over body. Color reddish, mottled with brownish; fins more or less barred with brown; no black spot between fifth and sixth spines of dorsal; no black spots in axil of pectoral. Numerous specimens from Cavite, apparently identical with a specimen from Samoa. DECTERIAS Jordan & Starks. 204. Decterias pusillus (Schlegel). Head 2.20 in length; depth 3.20; interorbital space 1.50 in eye; preorbital spine of moderate strength; dorsal spines slender, extending above membrane; lower pectoral ray separate from rest of fin. Color grayish, with dusky markings above; pectoral black; ventrals black; anal with outer half black; caudal mottled with dusky on outer two-thirds. Two specimens from island of Panay, length 1.75 and 1.90 inches. These are identical with Japanese examples. Family PLATYCEPHALID. PLATYCEPHALUS Bloch. 205. Platycephalus insidiator (Forskal). Head 3.10 in length; depth 3.10; dorsal 1-vu, 13; anal 13; lateral line smooth, scales about 120; head almost smooth. Color in spirits brownish above, white below, side of head and body with numerous brown spots; caudal with 3 black stripes; dorsal fins barred with brown dots; pectoral dotted with brown; ventrals and anal white. Two specimens from Cavite, length 6 and 9 inches. 206. Platycephalus isacanthus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 3 in length; depth 7; eye 4 in head; interorbital 3 in eye; dorsal 1-vu, 12; anal 12; ventral long, 1.20 in head, its tip reaching beyond origin of anal; 2 spines at angle of preopercle, the upper slightly the larger, its length about equal to pupil of eye; no spine bent forward; lateral line unarmed; about 60 series of scales on body, head spinous. Color brownish, mottled; fins all, except anal, with rows of brown spots. Two speci- mens from Cavite, length 2.75 and 5.20 inches. 207. Platycephalus macracanthus Bleeker. Head 3 in length; depth 9; eye 4 in head; scales 70; dorsal 1-vi1, 11; anal 12; 2 spines at preopercle, the upper one very long and strong, reaching to posterior margin of opercle; interorbital 3 in eye. Color in spirits nearly uniform, mottled with brown; ventrals, pectorals, and first dorsal dusky; second dorsal and caudal with bands of dots; dots also showing in upper part of pectorals and in spinous dorsal. One specimen from Manila, length 3.35 inches. 208. Platycephalus punctatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Head 3 in length; depth 2.50; eye 4.50 in head; lateral line unarmed; scales 110; 2 spines at angle*of preopercle, the upper the larger; alternating wide and narrow black bands over back; anterior dorsal dusky; ventrals and pectoral dusky; caudal dusky at base, with about 4 dusky longitudinal bands. Two specimens from Cavite, length 2 and 5 inches. FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. 39 ELATES Jordan & Seale, new genus. Elates Jordan & Seale, new genus of Platycephalide (thompson?) . This genus is characterized by the single spine at the angle of the opercle, the small scales and the large, elongate upper caudal lobe. It is allied to Platycephalus. 209. Elates thompsoni Jordan & Seale, new species. Head 3.30 in length without caudal; depth 4 in head; eye 5; snout 2.75; dorsal 1-v, 13; anal 12; about 125 scales in lateral line to end of vertebr; lateral line smooth, except 2 small spines at its anterior end. Body elongate, slightly compressed, the width greater than depth; under surface of body rather flat; body and cheek firmly scaled; caudal peduncle narrow and flat, its width greater than depth; snout flat, its width at angle of mouth 1.50 in length; maxillary short, 3.50 in head, its distal end scarcely reaching second nostril; lower jaw projecting; a single long saber-like spine at angle of preopercle, this spine considerably longer than diameter of eye, being 4 in head; no spine directed forward; 3 very small spines on bony stay of cheek, one on a line with middle of pupil and another with posterior margin of eye, the third with posterior nostril; distance between distal ends of preopercular spines 2.10 in head; width of head at base of these spines 2.75 in head; a rather distinct spine on upper anterior margin of orbit and about 10 small spines at upper and posterior margin of orbit; 2 small nuchal spines; interorbital space narrow, concave, less than width of Fic. 12— Elates thompsoni Jordan & Seale, new species. Type. pupil; minute bands of teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; tongue broad, rounded, spatulate, free; gillrakers rather sharp and slim, the longest equaling one-half of eye, 18 on lower limb; first dorsal spine small, somewhat separated from second, which is the longest and strongest spine, being 2.60 in head; first soft dorsal ray 2.10; seventh to eleventh rays rather wide and separated from other rays except at base, origin of soft dorsal slightly nearer base of caudal than tip of snout; origin of anal slightly in advance of soft dorsal, its base slightly greater in length than base of soft dorsal; pectorals 2.10 in head; ventrals 2, their spine strong, their origin below middle of pectoral; caudal slightly forked, the upper lobe much the larger and longer, usually prolonged into a filament which is about equal in length to remaining portion of fin. Color in spirits yellowish, with wash of brownish above; an indistinct broken longitudinal brown band along side; a dusky splotch on anterior of opercle; spinous dorsal with 3 rows of dark spots; soft dorsal and upper lobe of caudal with spots; lower lobe of caudal with spots larger, about 3 in number, the posterior one being a rather large blotch; pectorals and ventrals yellow. Three specimens from Manila, length 6 to 7 inches. The type is no. 53068, U. S. National Museum. Cotype no. 9247, Museum Stanford University. Named for Dr. Joseph C. Thompson, surgeon, U.S. Navy. 40 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family CEPHALACANTHIDA. CEPHALACANTHUS Lacépéde. 210. Cephalacanthus macracanthus (Bleeker). Head (without spine) 3.75 in length; depth 5.10; dorsal 11-v, 8; anal 6; interorbital spine 2 in head and much less than length of preopercular spine, which extends considerably beyond base of pectoral fin, its length being about equal to head; distance between the two scapular spines 1.50 in depth of notch between them, which about equals length of preopercular spine; a black spot on pectoral. Two specimens from Manila, 3.75 and 4.20 inches in length, one specimen 3 inches long from island of Panay, and one 2.50 inches long from Cavite. Family ECHENEID. LEPTECHENEIS Gill. Pas ls Leptecheneis naucrates (Linneus). Head 5.30 in length; depth 2.25 in head; disk of 24 lamin; dorsal 35; anal 34; a dark stripe on side. Two specimens from Manila, length 14 and 8 inches. Family GOBIDA. BUTIS Bleeker. 212. Butis serrifrons (Rutter). Head 3 in length; depth 3.75; eye 4.50 in head; interorbital concave, 3 in postocular part of head; dorsal vi; anal 8; scales 27; cheeks and nuchal region scaled; entire upper half of orbit with a row of short but distinct, rather stiff spine-like projections, forming a very marked character; two longitudinal rows of similar projections on each side of snout just above the nostrils; cheeks and jaws with minute barbels; bands of villiform teeth in jaws; mouth rather large, the maxillary extending to below anterior of eye; ventrals separate; caudal rounded; dorsal spines not prolonged. Color in spirits olive brown, with darker mottlings; about 4 indistinct bands over back; dorsal, ventrals, and anal black; pectoral and caudal grayish; a black spot on base of lower pectoral rays; throat bluish. One specimen from Cavite, length 2.30 inches. Rutter’s original type specimen is from China. 213. Butis leucurus Jordan & Seale. Head 3 in length; depth 5; eye 6 in head; dorsal vi-1, 9; anal 9; scales 28; 19 scales in front of dorsal; counting only to interorbital space; sides of head and snout covered with minute scales; tongue free, rounded, teeth in bands, no canines, no teeth on vomer or palatines; opercle and preopercle entire; maxillary scarcely reaching anterior margin of eye; caudal rounded; ridges on head scarcely serrated. Color in spirits dusky, with indistinct lighter lines along middle of scales; a distinct black spot edged above and below with yellow on base of pectoral; soft dorsal with outer half yellowish; top of caudal yellowish; tip of anal and ventral yel- lowish; pectoral yellow; two black lines through eye. Several specimens from Cavite, larger and more deeply colored than the original type from Negros. PERIOPHTHALMODON Gill. 214. Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Bloch). Head 3.50 in length; depth 6.50; dorsal xm, 12; anal 13; scales 50; ventral fins united for almost half their length; about 20 teeth in each jaw. Color in spirits brownish, with 8 bands over back which extend obliquely down and forward to a little below median line of side; second dorsal with black band through upper half of fin; first dorsal with tip yellow and a wide submarginal black band. One specimen from Cavite, length 3.50 inches. FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. 41 PERIOPHTHALMUS Bloch & Schneider. 215. Periophthalmus chrysospilus Bleeker. Head 3.75 in length; depth 4.80; dorsal rx, 12; anal 12; scales about 76; about 24 teeth in each jaw; first dorsal spine prolonged. Color in spirits bluish, whiter below; first dorsal with a broad submarginal black band, the margin yellow, the basal two-thirds of fin with yellowish spots; soft dorsal with a wide black band margined with yellow through its upper third, the lower two-thirds with yellowish blotches; caudal with black and yellow dots, the middle portion darker; ventral fins united about one-third of their length. Four specimens from island of Panay, length 2.50 to 3.75 inches. RHINOGOBIUS Gill. 216. Rhinogobius nebulosus (Forskal). Head 3.30 in length; depth 4.50; eye 3.75 in head; dorsal vr-10; anal 10; scales 27; depth of head slightly greater than its width, about one-fourth less than its length; caudal rounded; head unscaled; tongue rounded; teeth in several rows in each jaw; lips thick; the second and third dorsal spines prolonged, filiform, greater than length of head, 2.75 in length of fish without caudal; no silky or detached rays on pectorals. Color yellowish, three wide dark bands over back which extend obliquely forward and down on side; a dusky blotch at base of caudal; two dusky bands across nuchal region between base of dorsal and eyes; dorsal and caudal with rows of rather large dusky spots; other fins yellowish white, with a dusky margin to anal. One specimen from Cavite, length 4 inches. As the type of Ctenogobius is said to have a notched tongue, the name Rhinogobius may be used for the Asiatic species called Ctenogobius by Jordan and Snyder. Coryphopterus is a later synonym. 217. Rhinogobius lungi Jordan & Seale, new species. Head 3.30 in length without caudal; depth 4.50; eye 3.75 in head; dorsal vi-10; anal 10; scales 32; head and nuchal region naked, except a line of 3 or 4 rows of scales from posterior margin of orbit between opercle and nuchal region; snout 3 in head; interorbital about equal to pupil. Body moderately elongate, compressed; head bluntly rounded, the lower jaw slightly the longer; mouth rather small, the angle being Fig. 13.—Rhinogobius lungi Jordan & Seale, new species Type. on line with anterior margin of eye; teeth in jaws in several rows, the outer row slightly the largest; tongue free at tip, bluntly rounded, entire; scales on anterior of body smaller than on posterior, about 7 rows of rudimentary scales in front of dorsal; second and third spines of dorsal elongate, the second longer, extending when depressed to middle of base of soft dorsal, its length greater than distance from origin of ventrals to origin of anal; longest dorsal ray 2.15 in head; base of anal 1.50, its longest ray 2.50; caudal rounded, 1.15; pectorals 1.30, no silk-like rays at upper margin; ventrals united, 1.50, tips not reaching vent. Color in spirits yellowish-brown with 6 irregular dark double bands over back; about 5 dusky blotches along the side, the last forming a dusky blotch at base of caudal; dusky mottlings intermingled with lighter areas on the upper half of body; dorsal and caudal with rows of black spots; lower margin of caudal dusky; 42 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. pectorals yellowish without distinct black mark at base; ventrals grayish with dusky tip; anal yellow, with black tip; some indistinet brown blotches on cheek and opercle; a dusky blotch from eye to mouth. Three specimens from the island of Panay, length 1.50 to 3.90 inches. The type is no. 53069, U.S. National Museum. Cotype, no. 9248, Museum Stanford University. 218. Rhinogobius ocyurus Jordan & Seale, new species. Head 3.60 in length without caudal; depth 4.05; eye 3.20 in head; dorsal vi-1, 10; anal 1, 9; second dorsal spine elongate, filiform; scales about 28; snout 4 in head; interorbital somewhat less than pupil; top of head sealed, otherwise cheek and head naked. Body moderately elongate, slightly compressed; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in head; mouth moderate in size, the angle under middle of eye; lower jaw slightly the longer; small sharp-pointed teeth in jaws, the outer row larger; tongue rounded; origin of ventrals directly Fig. 14.—Rhinogobius ocyurus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type. opposite origin of spinous dorsal; base of soft dorsal about equal to head; base of anal slightly less than head, its origin nearer base of caudal than tip of snout, its longest ray 1.10 in head; pectorals 1.60 in length of body without caudal; ventrals extending to anal, their length equal to head; caudal long, sharp-pointed, 2.20 in length of fish without caudal. Color in spirits yellowish white with 8 rather broad brownish bands over back and sides, extending to ventral surface; a dark spot at base of caudal, another just above the upper posterior margin of opercle; dorsal fins slightly shaded with dusky; pectoral yellowish; caudal with slight tint of dusky; ventrals and anal dusky. One specimén from Cavite, length 1.75 inches, type no. 53070, U.S. National Museum. GOBIUS Linneus. 219. Gobius panayensis Jordan & Seale, new species. Fig. 15.—Gobius panayensis Jordan & Seale, new species. Type. Head 3.40 in length without caudal; depth 4.25; the width of head greater than its depth; dorsal vi-11; anal 9, scales 41; head naked; some detached silky rays at upper part of pectorals; snout 3.60 in head; interorbital about equal to pupil; tongue not at all emarginate, free at tip, bluntly rounded, entire. Body moderately elongate, compressed; snout bluntly pointed, the jaws equal; mouth moderate, the angle under middle of eye; wide bands of minute teeth in each jaw; no canines; origin of first dorsal slightly FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. 45 posterior to origin of ventrals; none of the dorsal spines elongate, the longest spine being 2 in head; base of soft dorsal 1.10, its longest ray 2.50; base of anal 1.50, its posterior ray 2; pectorals 1.30; ventrals united, short, 1.50, their tips falling far short of the distinct anal papilla; caudal rounded, 1.15. Color in spirits grayish, without distinctive markings; spinous dorsal with black spot on upper posterior part; ventrals and anal dusky; pectorals and caudal uniform gray. One specimen from the island of Panay, length 2.45 inches, type no. 9250, Museum Stanford University. MAPO Smitt. 220. Mapo fuscus (Riippell). Head 3.20 in length; depth 4; dorsal yi-11; anal 9; scales 38; no scales on head; teeth in bands in jaws; no canines; ventrals united; none of the dorsal spines prolonged; some separate filamentous rays at upper part of pectoral; depth of head less than width; length of head greater than width; caudal rounded. Color in spirits grayish; indistinct brownish bands over the back alternating with blotches on the side; indistinct dusky blotches on the upper part of spinous dorsal; caudal barred with brown; ventrals and anal dusky; pec- torals grayish. Two specimens from Cavite, length 1.20 and 2 inches. CREISSON Jordan & Seale, new genus. Creisson Jordan & Seale, new genus of Gobiide (validus). This genus is characterized by the naked lower half of cheek and the scaleless interorbital region. There are several rows of teeth in each jaw, the outer row enlarged; scales on anterior part of body and head small. 221. Creisson validus Jordan & Seale, new species. Head 3.50 in length without caudal; depth 3.50; eye 4.75 in head; dorsal vi-11; anal 9; scales 32; upper half of cheek and nuchal region scaled, no scales on interorbital region, snout, or lower third of head; snout 3.75 in head; interorbital 1.20 in eye; cheek tumid; head broader than deep, its breadth 1.08 in its length. Fig. 16.— Creisson validus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type. Body robust, moderately elongate and compressed, the anterior profile bluntly rounded, the lower lip slightly the longer; depth of caudal peduncle 1.85 in head; mouth small, the angle under the anterior of orbit; tongue free at tip, rounded, entire; several rows of minute teeth in each jaw with one outer row of larger teeth, somewhat curved and canine-like in lower jaw; tongue rounded or subtruncate, not notched; scales on anterior part of head and body much smaller than the posterior ones; origin of spinous dorsal somewhat posterior to origin of ventrals; 17 rows of scales in front of dorsal; the second, third, and fourth dorsal rays greatly elongate, filiform, extending, when depressed, to posterior axil of soft dorsal; base of soft dorsal equal to width of head, the posterior rays the longest, about equal in length to base of fin; anal base 1.50 in head, 44 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. much less than length of its longest ray; pectorals 1.13, no silky rays at upper part; ventrals a broad united disk which extends to the prominent anal papilla, their length 1.40 in head; caudal slightly acuminate. Color in spirits light brownish, with about 7 indistinct dusky bands over back and about 6 dusky blotches along side; a dusky line on cheek marking off the sealed and unscaled portion; a dusky dot on lower posterior margin of orbit, some dusky dots on nuchal region, and a dusky line on upper part of opercle; spinous dorsal grayish, with some indistinct darker spots; soft dorsal gray, with some darker spots on outer portion; anal and ventrals dusky, pectorals grayish; caudal gray with broad posterior margin of white and a distinct intra- marginal line of black, the lower rays slightly tipped with dusky. One specimen from Cavite, length 4.75 inches, the type, no. 9251, Museum Stanford University. OPLOPOMUS Steindachner. 222. Oplopomus vergens Jordan & Seale, new species. Head 3.50 in length without caudal; depfh 4.30; eye 4 in head; dorsal vir, 10; anal 10; scales 32; cheek and opercle scaled; 2 stoutish spines at angle of preopercle; snout 3.50 in head; interorbital equal to pupil. Body moderately elongate, slightly compressed; depth of caudal peduncle 2.25 in head; anterior profile of head rather blunt, lower jaw slightly the longer; mouth rather small, the angle below anterior margin of iris; tongue free at tip, rounded, entire; 2 rows of small sharp-pointed teeth in upper jaw, several rows in lower jaw, no canines; origin of ventrals on line with dorsal, the anterior dorsal spines not elongate; fourth spine the longest, 1.75 in head; base of soft dorsal equal to head, its longest ray 1.60 in head; base of anal 1.10, its longest ray 2; pectorals 1.05; caudal rounded, 1.10; ventrals large, united, extending to anal papillal FiG. 17.—Oplopomus vergens Jordan & Seale, new species. Type. Color in spirits yellowish brown, 6 dusixy spots along median line of side, the sixth forming a black spot at base of caudal; a row of small ocellated dark spots just below the median line; similar small ocellated spots on upper half of body arranged more or less in irregular longitudinal bands; about 7 indistinct short dusky bands over back; a more or less distinct dusky area below and also in front of eye, a rather wide irregular dusky area from angle of mouth to opercle; a dusky spot on upper base of pectorals, with a small dot on lower part of base; a dusky spot at upper margin of opercle and above axil of pectorals; spinous dorsal with 10 black cross-lines, one at base of fin, the other on distal third, a more prominent dusky area on posterior of fin; soft dorsal with 2 or 3 irregular dusky lines; caudal with about 5 dusky bands; pectorals, ventrals, and anal gray, the ventrals slightly darker, and the anal sometimes with a slight dusky wash. Six specimens from Cavite, length 2.75 to 3.20 inches. Type no. 53071, U.S. National Museum. Cotype no. 9256, Museum Stanford University. OXYURICHTHUS Bleeker. 2238. Oxyurichthus cristatus (Day). Head 4 in length; depth 5.20; eye 4.20 in head; dorsal vi-14; anal 14; scales about 55; no canine teeth; head naked; ventrals united; anterior dorsal rays longest, filiform, about equal to elongate middle ray of caudal, 2.20 in length without caudal; no tentacle above eye; a black spot on upper part of eye, one also below the eye; caudal acuminate. Color in spirits yellowish with some dusky bands over back and extending obliquely down to median line of side in form of about 5 dusky bars or blotches; a dark spot at base of caudal; caudal fin thickly dotted with black; area above pectoral fin with numerous black dots; a short nuchal crest with black margin; caudal gray with white margin; pectorals and ventrals gray. FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. 45 224. Oxyurichthus tentacularis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 4 in length; depth 5.20; eye 4.50 in head; dorsal yi-13; anal 14; small sharp-pointed teeth in each jaw; asmall tentacle over eye, in young this tentacle equal to length of eye, in the adult less; a crest on nape. Color in spirits whitish, with dull wash of gray; about 5 indistinct dusky bands over back and same number of blotches on side; a more or less distinct dusky spot at base of caudal on midline of caudal peduncle, also 2 indistinct dusky spots at base of axil of pectorals; a black area on top of caudal peduncle just posterior to soft dorsal; anterior dorsal rays the longest, about equal to length of head; caudal lunate, grayish; dorsal with brown spots, more numerous and distinct on soft dorsal; anal, pectorals, and ventrals grayish. Four specimens from Cavite. length 3.75 to 4.80 inches. PARAGOBIODON Bleeker. 225. Paragobiodon melanosomus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 3.30 in length; depth 3; eye 3.20 in head; dorsal y-v1-9; scales 22; ventrals very short, cup-shaped; head about as high as long, its surface much roughened by excrescences; caudal rounded; 3 large curved canine teeth in lower jaw. Color in spirits uniform dark brown, almost black. One specimen from Manila, 1.10 inches long. This species is very near Paragobiodon xanthosomus, differing apparently only in the color, which is black, not yellow. Family PLEURONECTID. PSETTODES Bennett. 226. Psettodes erumei (Bloch). Head 3.10 in length; depth 2.25; dorsal 54; anal 38; scales about 72; long sharp canines in each jaw; maxillary extending far beyond eye, about 1.45 in head; eyes and color on the left side. Color in spirits uniform brown; fins dusky, except pectorals, which are yellowish; ventrals and caudal round; interorbital less than eye. One specimen, 4.75 inches long, from Cavite. PSEUDORHOMBUS Bleeker. 227. Pseudorhombus polyspilus (Bleeker). Head 3 in length; depth 2.05; dorsal 70; anal 52; scales 73; a single row of sharp teeth in jaws; maxillary searcely reaching middle of eye; lateral line strongly curved, sending a branch to the tenth dorsal ray; eyes close together, sinistral. Color in spirits brownish, with numerous blue spots having black margins; a large black spot at curve of lateral line, another just below. Six specimens from Cavite, length 2.50 to 5 inches. 228. Pseudorhombus arsius Bleeker. Head 3.25 in length; depth 2.05; eyes sinistral; dorsal 72; anal 57; scales 77 in lateral line, which is strongly bent, sending a branch to nuchal region; rather strong sharp teeth in jaws; maxillary extending to posterior third of eye; anterior dorsal rays wide. Color in spirits brownish, with numerous small black spots; a dark spot at point where lateral line becomes straight, another midway between the first blotch and caudal. One specimen, 4 inches long, from Cavite. SCHOPS Jordan & Starks. 229. Sczops orbicularis (Bleeker). Dorsal 84; anal 63; scales large, about 34; eyes sinistral, wide apart; interorbital space concave, scaled, equal to eye; maxillary short, ending under anterior margin of orbit; numerous small sharp-pointed teeth in jaws. Two small specimens from Cavite, length 2 and 2.50 inches. 46 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family SOLEIDA. CYNOGLOSSUS Hamilton-Buchanan. 230. Cynoglossus puncticeps (Richardson). Head 4.75 in length; depth 3.75; two lateral lines on colored side; dorsal 89; anal 70; scales about 110. Color in spirits yellowish, with reddish-brown markings on left side, these taking more or less the form of vertical bands. Three specimens from Manila, length 2.75 to 3.50 inches. MICROBUGLOSSUS Ginther. 231. Microbuglossus humilis (Cantor). Eyes on right side; head 3.75 in length; depth 2.20; dorsal 56; anal 41; scales 100; numerous fringes on upper and lower portion of head on the blind side; upper eye one-half diameter in front of lower; eyes abgut one diameter apart. Color in spirits dark gray, with numerous fine dark points and irregular lines; pectoral black. Two specimens from Cavite, length 2 inches. Family PTEROPSARIDA, PARAPERCIS Gill. 232. Parapercis hexophthalmus (Bleeker). Head 3.50 in length; depth 7; dorsal y, 22; anal 11, 17; scales 60. Color in spirits brownish above, yel- lowish below; about 11 brown bands on side; dusky blotches on caudal, about 10 oblique lines from lower part of eye; anterior dorsal black; posterior dorsal with 3 rows of black dots; anal with a single row of black dots. Fig. 18.—Dactylopus dactylopus (Bennett). Family CALLIONYMIDA. DACTYLOPUS Gill. 233. Dactylopus dactylopus (Bennett). Head 3.50 in length; depth 6.50; eye 4.20 in head; first dorsal elongate; ventrals in front of pectorals, with a single free ray in front; a single opercular spine. Color brownish, with dusky blotches; pectoral banded; caudal with 4 half bands on upper part; anal with dusky outer half; belly white. Three specimens from Cavite, length about 4.50 inches. FISHES OF THE ISLANDS OF LUZON AND PANAY. 47 Family BLENNIID®. BLENNIUS Linneus. 234. Blennius thysanius Jordan & Seale, new species. Head 3.50 in length without caudal; depth 3.50; eye 5.50 in head; dorsal x1, 15; anal 19; lateral line bent down to middle of side under posterior part of spinous dorsal and continued as a row of distinct bars to base of caudal; snout 2.60; interorbital 1.50 in eye; a wide, fan-like orbital tentacle with about 10 fringes, these tenta- cles about equal in height and width to width of eye; a simple short tentacle at nostril; no nuchal crest or tentacles; gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus. Body of greater depth than usual in blennies, the profile of head blunt, the eye being about on line with middle of side of mouth; depth of caudal peduncle 2.70 in head; each jaw with a single row of immovable small, sharp-pointed teeth, the lower jaw with 2 strong, curved canines on each side, the upper with a single posterior canine. Dorsal fin continuous, not incised, the membrane not extending to caudal fin; origin of dorsal on nuchal region slightly in advance of posterior margin of preopercle; base of anal fin 1.75 in base of dorsal; 2 anterior rays of anal modified into enlarged fleshy bulbs, probably of sexual significance; ventrals 1.80 in head; pectorals 1.40; caudal rounded, 1.90. Color in spirits pale bluish, with some very indistinct indications of 5 or 6 slightly darker bands made up of spots over back and down sides; dorsal bluish, with slightly darker margin; anal bluish, a narrow white margin with intramarginal dusky shading on lower third; ventrals bluish with tint of dusky; some indistinct bluish dots or mottlings on nuchal region and at upper part of opercle. Two specimens from Cavite, length 2.50 and 2.90 inches. The tyne is no. 53072, U.S. National Museum. Cotype, no. 9252, Museum Stanford University. PETROSCIRTES Riippell. 235. Petroscirtes eretes Jordan & Seale. Fic. 19.—Blennius thysanius Jordan & Seale, new species. Type. Head 3.75 in length; depth 5; eye 3.75 in head; dorsal 30; anal 20; a dermal flap on lower jaw, one on upper part of each eye, one on posterior part of supraorbital, and one on each side of nuchal region. Color in spirits grayish, with a wash of bluish; indistinct specks and mottlings on side; a dusky blotch at base of caudal. One specimen 2 inches long from Iloilo. The original type is from Negros. 236. Petroscirtes vulsus Jordan & Seale, new species. Head 4 in length without caudal; depth 5; eye 3 in head; dorsal 27; anal 16; teeth about 50 in each jaw, with large canines in ower and small canines in upper; a single wide barbel on each side of chin; a rather wide barbel on upper part of eye, another just posterior to eye, and one on each side of nuchal region; a short flap at nostril; snout 3.20 in head, interorbital space 4 in head. Body elongate, compressed; depth of caudal peduncle 2.50 in head; snout broad to the tip; angle of mouth under anterior of orbit; gill-openinga small pore at upper posterior margin of opercle; origin of dorsal opposite origin of ventrals; base of anal 2.75 in length of fish without the caudal; origin of anal midway between middle of eye and base of caudal; pectorals 1.75 in head; ventrals 2; caudal rounded, 1.15. 48 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Color in spirits uniform pale bluish without markings; no dusky blotch at base of caudal; dorsal fin with rows of black spots; anal fin with 4 dusky bars; caudal yellow, with 5 or 6 indistinct dusky bars; pectorals and yentrals yellowish. One specimen from Manila, the type, 2.2 inches long, no. 9253, Museum Stanford University. Fic. 20.—Petroscirtes vulsus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type. Family FIERASFERIDE. FIERASFER Cuvier 237. Fierasfer homei Richardson. Head 7.10 in length; depth 12; eye 5 in head; maxillary extending beyond posterior margin of eye, its length 2.15 in head; pectoral 1.75; sharp-pointed teeth in jaws, enlarged teeth on vomer. Color in spirits uniform white. One specimen, 4 inches long, from Cavite. Family ANTENNARUD. PTEROPHRYNE Gill. 238. Pterophryne histrio (Linneus). Head 1.75 in length; depth 1.80; dorsal 111, 12; anal 7; body smooth with dermal flaps on belly; caudal rounded. Body mottled with dusky and white, with numerous small white dots; fins barred with dusky; belly with dark cross-bars. Four specimens from Manila, length 3.50 to 7.25 inches. This species agrees fairly with the Japanese form called Pterophryne ranina by Jordan, except that the belly has distinct cross-bars. Probably Plerophryne ranina is merely a color variation of the Chinese-Japanese species Pterophryne histrio. ANTENNARIUS (Commerson) Lacépéde. 239. Antennarius hispidus (Bloch). Head 1.75 in length; depth 3; dorsal 11, 12; anal 7. Color in spirits gray, marked with black lines run- ning obliquely on body and radiating from eye; fins barred more or less with rows of black dots. One specimen, 4.55 inches long, from Cavite; one 3.75 inches long from Manila, and one 4.5 inches from island of Panay. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. By BARTON WARREN EVERMANN, A. M., Ph. D., and ALVIN SEALE, A. B. BUREAU OF FISHERIES DOCUMENT NO. 607, B. B. F. 1906—4 49 ool, tie ie ie SOT FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. By BARTON WARREN EVERMANN, A. M., PH. D., anp ALVIN SEALE, A. B. Among the exhibits made by the U.S. Bureau of Insular Affairs at the Lou- isiana Purchase Exposition, held at St. Louis, Missouri, during the summer and fall of 1904, was a considerable collection of fishes from the Philippine Islands. This collection had been made under the direction of the Philippine government for the specific purpose mentioned. At the close of the exposition the authorities turned the entire collection over to the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries for study and report. The localities represented in the collection are as follows: San Fabian, Pangasinan, Luzon.—San Fabian is situated on the Gulf of Lin- gayen, about 100 miles north of Manila. The collection from this place was made by Mr. C. L. Hall and is a large and important one. Bacon, Sorsogon, Luzon.—Sorsogon is the most southern province of Luzon. Bacon is situated in the northern part of the province, on Albay Inlet, in approxi- mately latitude 13° 3’ north and longitude 124° east. Bulan, Sorsogon, Luzon.—Bulan is on the west coast of Sorsogon, near the southern end of the province, approximately in latitude 12° 38’ north, longitude 123° 22’ east. The collections from Bacon and Bulan are more extensive than any of the others. They were made by Prof. Charles J. Pierson, of Auburn, Nebraska, while a teacher in the Philippines. Zamboanga, Mindanao.—Zamboanga, in the province of the same name, is at the extreme southern end of the western arm of Mindanao, in latitude 6° 54’ north and longitude 122° east. It is situated on the Strait of Basilan, about 500 miles south of Manila. The specimens from this place were collected by Braulio Barbazo, who made also a small collection at Jolo, presumably on the island of Jolo. The specimens were originally preserved in formalin in most cases, and after- wards transferred to alcohol. The excellent condition of most of the specimens in all of these collections indicates that the respective collectors did their work well and conscientiously, and the species represented show that the collecting was done intelligently and with proper discrimination. It is apparent that an intelligent and successful effort was made to have as many as possible of the important food fishes of the islands represented in the collections; and the large representation of the dl 52 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. smaller, less conspicuous species evidences the fact that methods of collecting were employed such as are known only to the trained naturalist. In this way many specimens of more than usual scientific interest were secured. The fish-fauna of the Philippines has been but little studied. Enough is known, however, to show that it is an exceedingly rich one. Not only is it rich in species, but many of the species are abundant in individuals; indeed, many species occur in ereat prodigality. - Although the native methods employed in the fisheries are primitive,the methods of preparing the products of the fisheries for use equally primitive, and methods of preserving the products are practically unknown, nevertheless fish food forms a large and important item in the diet of the inhabitants of the Philippines. The natural food resources of Philippine waters are believed to be enormous, embracing not only a great number of fishes, but many species of edible mollusks, crustaceans, and alge, which as yet are scarcely recognized in the islands as fit for food. The development of these resources is a matter worthy the best efforts of the govern- ment. Effort should first be directed toward determining what the resources really are—what species of fishes and other aquatic animals and what aquatic plants occur, how abundant each is, its geographic distribution among the islands, and its life history, including its food and its enemies. The present paper is a contribution to that end. The collections upon which this report is based embrace a total of nearly 2,500 specimens, representing 89 families, 139 genera, and 296 species, of which 2 genera and 22 species are believed to be new, and are here described. It has not been deemed necessary to give full descriptions of any species except those believed to be new. Ordinarily attention has been called only to those char- acters which will prove useful in identifying the species. All the specimens bear tin-tag numbers, and these are printed in the report in order that each specimen may be fully authenticated. The first series of specimens, including the types of all the new species, is deposited in the U.S. National Museum. The first duplicate series has béen sent to the government museum at Manila. The second duplicate series has been deposited in the museum of Stanford University, and the third in the reserve series of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries. The vernacular names, printed in italics, are those furnished by the collectors. Only such synonymy is given as is necessary to connect this report with works which a student of Philippine fishes must consult in studying these species. Usually the first reference to any particular publication is made complete; subsequent refer- ences to the same publication are made more brief. In synonymy the name of the locality from which each species was originally described is printed in heavy-face type; other locality references are printed in ordinary type and are in parentheses. Two editions of the Histoire Naturelle des Poissons by Cuvier and Valenciennes were consulted, the octavo edition of 22 volumes and the quarto edition, also of 22 Nore.—We take this opportunity to thank Prof. Charles J. Pierson, of Auburn, Nebraska, for the use of his field notes, and Messrs. Edmund Lee Goldsborough and Howard Walton Clark, of the Bureau of Fisheries, for assistance of various kinds in the preparation of this report. The accompanying illustrations are from drawings by Mr. A. H. Baldwin and Miss Annie Swift Buckelew. Those made by Miss Buckelew are figures 11, 12, 15, and 17. ee FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 53 volumes. The dates of publication of these two editions are identical, but the pagi- nation is different. In our references we have given the page of each edition, that of the quarto edition (the one in our library) first, followed by that of the octavo edition in parenthesis. The bibliography at the end of the report lists the more important publications consulted. Family ELOPIDA. 1. Elops saurus Linnzus. One large specimen from Bulan (no. 4182; length 34 in.), agreeing in all essential respects with others from Florida. Elops saurus Linneus, Systema Nature, ed. x11, 518, 1766, Carolina; Giinther, Catalogue Fishes British Museum, vi, 470, 1868; Day, Fishes of India, 649, pl. cLxv1, fig. 1, 1878; Jordan & Evermann, Fishes of North and Middle America, pt. 1, 410, 1896 (Oct. 3); Jordan & Evermann, American Food and Game Fishes, 86, fig., 1902; Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xxii, pt. 1, 1903 (1905), 53, fig. 8 (Honolulu). 2. Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet). Buan-buan. Three specimens from Bulan (no. 4151, 4153, and 4183; length 10.5 to 16.5 in.) and one from Tarlac (no. 4132; length 11 in.). Clupea cyprinoides Broussonet, Ichth., 1, pl. 9, 1782. Megalops cyprinoides, Giinther, Cat., vu, 471. Family CHIROCENTRID&. 3. Chirocentrus dorab (Forskal). Bofete. Three fine specimens from San Fabian (no. 4179, 4180, and 4181; length 15.2 to 16 in.) and one from Bacon (no. 3410; length 13.25 in.). Clupea dorab Forskal, Deser. Anim., 72, 1775, Red Sea. Chirocentrus dorab, Giinther, Cat., vil, 475; Day, Fishes India, 652, pl. cLxv1, fig. 3. Family CLUPEID. 4. Stolephorus delicatulus (Bennett). Two hundred and fifteen specimens from Bacon (no. 3915, 3502, 4080, and 4009; length 1.5 to 2.75 in.) and five from Bulan (no. 3756; length 2.75 in.). Clupea delicatula Bennett, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, I, 168, 1831, Mauritius. Spratelloides delicatula, Giinther, Cat., v1, 464. 5. Stolephorus gracilis (Temminck & Schlegel). Three specimens from Bacon (no. 3768 and 3501; length 1 to 2.2 in.). This species (with dorsal 11 and anal 13) can not be identical with Atherina japonica Houttuyn (with dorsal 17 and anal 22 or 23) as suggested by Dr. Jordan. Clupea gracilis Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Pisces, 238, pl. cv, fig. 2, 1842, Japan. Spratelloides gracilis, Ginther, Cat., vi, 465. 6. Harengula moluccensis Bleeker. Ten specimens from Bacon (no. 3606 to 3609 3449 to 3551, 4026 and 4027, and 3932; length 4.2 to 5.75 in.) and 8 from Bulan (no. 3426 to 3432 and 3893; length 4.1 to 5.25 in.). .The base of the ventrals is under the middle of the dorsal, whose origin is much nearer tip of snout than to base of caudal, or midway between tip of snout and base of last anal ray. In Bleeker’s figure of this species the ventrals are shown too far forward, as he explains in the text. Harengula moluccensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1v, 1853, 609, Ternate; Amboyna; Giinther, Cat., vi, 427. 54 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 7. Sardinella clupeoides (Bleeker). One specimen from Bulan (no. 3243; length 8.75 in.), agreeing well with Bleeker’s figure. Amblygaster clupeoides Bleeker, Journ. Ind. Archipel., 73, 1849, Macassar, Celebes; Bleeker, Atlas, v1, 103, pl. cCLXxI, fig. 1. Clupea clupeoides, Giinther, Cat., VII, 425. 8. Sardinella perforata (Cantor). Twelve specimens from Bacon (no. 3658 to 3669; length 4.5 to 5.5 in.), agreeing perfectly with Bleeker’s figure and description. é Clupeonia perforata Cantor, Cat. Malayan Fishes, 294, 1850, Sea of Pinang. Spratella kowala Bleeker, Haringachtige Visschen, 28, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXIV, 1852, Batavia. Clupea perforata, Giinther, Cat., vil, 424. 9. Tisha heevenii (Bleeker). Tubac. One specimen from San Fabian (no. 4127; length 6.5 in.). Pellowa hevenii Bleeker, Haringachtige Visschen, 21, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXIV, 1852, Batavia; Giinther, Cat., vit, 455. Ilisha hevenii Bleeker, Atlas, v1, 117, pl. cCLXIX, fig. 2. Family DOROSOMATIDA. 10. Konosirus thrissa (Linnus). Three fine specimens (no. 4170 to 4172; length 8 to 8.5 in.), without definite locality. Last dorsal ray extending to base of caudal. r Clupea thrissa Osbeck, Reise nach Ostindien und China, 336, 1765; Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 318, 1758. Clupea nasus Bloch, Ichth., x11, pl. ccccxxIx, fig. 1, 1797. Chatoessus nasus, Giinther, Cat., vir, 407. Dorosoma nasus, Bleeker, Atlas, V1, 142, pl. CCLX, fig. 4. 11. Anodontostoma chacunda (Buchanan-Hamilton). Cabashi. Two fine specimens from Bacon (no. 3231 and 3232; length 6.1 and 7.1 in.). This species lacks the dorsal filament. Clupanodon chacunda Buchanan-Hamilton, Fish. Ganges, 246, 1822, Ganges River. Chatoessus chacunda, Giinther, Cat., v1, 411. Chatoessus selangkat Bleeker, Haringachtige Visschen, 47, Verh. Bat. Gen., xxIv, Batavia. Dorosoma chacunda, Bleeker, Atlas, V1, pl. CCLXI, figs. 5 (var. selangkat) and 6. Family ENGRAULID#. 12. Anchovia indica (Van Hasselt). Ten specimens from Bulan (no. 3989 and 3973; length 3.5 to 5.2 in.). Engraulis indicus Van Hasselt, Algem. Konst-Letterbode, 329, 1823. Engraulis russellii, Giinther, Cat., VII, 390. Stolephorus indicus, Bleeker, Atlas, VI, 127, pl. CCLIX, fig. 2. Family SYNODONTIDA. 13. Saurida argyrophanes (Richardson). Bitilla. Two specimens from San Fabian (no. 3673 and 3674; length 7.1 and 7.75 in.) and one from Zamboanga (No. 4083; length 7.5 in.). Saurus argyrophanes Richardson, Ichth. Chin., in Rept. Brit. Assoc., Xv, 1845, 302. Saurida argyrophanes, Giinther, Cat., v, 400, 1864. Aulopus elongatus Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Pisces, 233, pl. cv, fig. 2, 1846. 14. Saurida gracilis (Quoy & Gaimard). Three specimens from Bacon (no. 3983, 3984 and 3986; length 4.75 in.). Saurus gracilis Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uran., Zool., 224, 1824, Sandwich Islands. Saurida nebulosus, Giinther, Cat., v, 399; Bleeker, Atlas, v1, 156, pl. ccLXXvu, fig. 1. Saurida gracilis, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xxi, pt. 1, 1903 (1905), 65 (Hilo and Honolulu). FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 55 15. Trachinocephalus myops (Forster). One specimen from Bulan (no. 4129; length 8 in.). Salmo myops Forster in Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 421, 1801, St. Helena. Saurus myops, Giinther, Cat., Vv, 398. Trachinocephalus myops, Jordan & Eyermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xxu1, 1903 (1905), 62, fig. 13 (Hilo and Honolulu) . 16. Synodus varius (Lacépéde). Two specimens from Bulan (no. 3670 and 3671; length 7 and 7.25 in.) and one from Bacon (no. 3982; length 4 in.). Salmo varius Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 224, pl. 3, fig. 3, 1803, Ie de France. Saurus varius, Gunther, Cat., v, 395; in part. Synodus varius, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xx11, pt. 1, 1903 (1905), 63, pl. 1 and fig. 14 (Hilo and Honolulu). Family MYCTOPHID. 17. Myctophum gilberti Evermann & Seale, new species. Head 3.5 in length; depth 4.5; eye 3 in head; dorsal xu; anal 16; snout 2 in eye; interorbital 1.5; scales large, thin, smooth, deciduous, 30 in lateral line. Body oblong, compressed, the forehead evenly rounded; lower jaw extending slightly beyond upper; depth of caudal peduncle 3 in head, equal to diameter of eye; maxillary equal to postocular part of head, its distal end extending beyond eye a distance equal to one-half of orbit; mandible 1.7 in head; mouth oblique. Teeth on jaws and palatines in narrow bands; no teeth on vomer; bands of teeth on mesopterygoids; 16 developed gillrakers on lower limb of first gill-arch, the longest 2 in eye. Arrangement of photophores: Caudal 2, one at middle of caudal base, the other at origin of lowest caudal ray; posteroanals 4; anteroanals 6, the anterior one slightly separated from its fellows; ventrals 4, the ante- rior one in axil of ventral fin; thoracics 3; pectorals 3, in form of a triangle; mandibular 3; opercular 2; Fic. 1.—Myctophum gilberti Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. posterolateral 1, very near lateral line and vertically on a line between interspace of anal photophores and base of adipose dorsal; mediolaterals 3; forming a very obtuse triangle, the upper one very near lateral line, the lower one midway between lateral line and origin of anal fin, a little too far front to form a true oblique line from posterior mediolateral to posterior ventral photophore, the anterior one on a horizontal line with the last and vertically over the posterior margin of second ventral; anterolateral 1, just above middle of pectoral fin and on first scale below lateral line. Origin of dorsal fin midway between tip of snout and posterior anal photophore, the longest ray equal in length to distance from pupil to posterior margin of opercle; origin of adipose dorsal midway between posterior axil of dorsal and base of caudal; origin of anal midway between anterior thoracic photophore and lower caudal photophore, directly below axit of dorsal, its longest ray 1.5 in head; ventrals 2.5 in head, their origin below seventh scale of lateral line; pectoral long, 1.4 in head, tip extending to anterior mediolateral photophore; caudal forked, about 1.75 in head (mutilated). 56 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Color in spirits, yellowish white; base of dorsal black; a black area at upper margin of opercle; a dusky band on anterior third of mandible; base of caudal and top of caudal peduncle dusky. This species seems most nearly related to M. reinhardtii Liitken. Four specimens from Bulan, length 2.1 to 2.5in. Type (field no. 3841) no. 55900, U.S. National Museum; length 2.5 in., from Bulan, Sorsogon; coll. Charles J. Pierson. Of the 3 cotypes, 1 (field no. 3841) is no. 20,000, Stanford Univ. Mus.; another (field no. 3841) is in Museum at Manila, and a third (field no. 3841) is no. 4535, U.S. Bureau of Fisheries. Named for Dr. Charles H. Gilbert. Family ANGUILLIDA. 18. Anguilla mauritiana Bennett. Pabucang-binhi. One fine specimen from Tarlac (no. 4063; length 23 in.). Anguilla mauritiana Bennett, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1831, 128, Mauritius. Murzna manillensis Bleeker, Atlas, v1, 10, pl. CcLXXXvitl, fig. 2, Manila, Luzon. Anguilla mauritiana, Giinther, Cat., v1, 25. Family MURENIDA. 19. Gymnothorax richardsoni (Bleeker). One small specimen from San Fabian (no. 3842; length 5.2 in.). Murzna richardsoni Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 11, 1852, 296, Wahai, Ceram; Giinther, Cat., vm, 118. 20. Gymnothorax afer Bloch. One specimen from Bacon (no. 3769; length 2.5 in.), which we refer doubtfully to this species. Gymnothoraz afer Bloch, Ichth., xu, 73, pl. ccccxvu, 1797. Murezna afra, Giinther, Cat., vu, 123. Family PLOTOSID. 21. Plotosus anguillaris (Bloch). Swmbilang. Eleven specimens from Jolo (no. 3352 to 3357 and 3421 to 3425; length 5 to 7 in.), eleven fine specimens from Bacon (no. 3365 to 3368, 3475 to 3480 and 4034; length 5.1 to 7 in.), and 48 young from Bacon (no. 4031; length, 1 to 1.5 in.). Platystacus anguillaris Bloch, Ichth., x1, 49, pl. cccLxx1, fig. 1, 1797. Plotosus anguillaris, Giinther, Cat., v, 24. Family SILURIDA. 22. Netuma thalassinus (Riippell). Tabomomo. One specimen from San Fabian (no. 3244; length 8 in.), three large specimens from Bulan (no. 4186, 4187, and 4188; length 19 to 20 in.); two small specimens from ‘Philippine Islands,” without local label (no. 3939; length 3.5 and 5 in.). Bagrus thalassinus Riippell, Neue Wirb., Fische, 75, pl. 20, fig. 2, 18837, Massaua. Arius thalassinus, Giinther, Cat., v, 139. Family FISTULARIIDA. 23. Fistularia petimba Lacépéde. Droal. Two specimens, one from San Fabian (no. 3407; length 15 in.), and one from Bacon (no. 4189; length 8.25 in.). Fistularia petimba Lacépede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 349, 1803, New Britain, Reunion Island; Jordan & Evyermann, Bull. U. 8. Fish. Comm., xxit, 1903 (1905), 116 (Honolulu, Hilo, Kailua, Necker Island, and Hanalei Bay, Kauai; also Japan, Samoa, Philippines, and Papeete, Tahiti). FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Bide 24. Fistularia serrata Cuvier. Sivisivi. Three young from Bacon (no. 3984; length 9 to 12 in.). Fistularia serrata Cuvier, Régne Anim., ed. 1, vol. 1, 349, 1817, America; Giinther, Cat., m, 533; Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm., xxi, pt. 1, 1903 (1905), 116 (Honolulu). Family CENTRISCIDA. 25. Aeoliscus strigatus (Giinther). Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3943; length 4.75 and 5 in.). Amphisile strigata Giinther, Cat., 111, 528, Java. Family SYNGNATHIDA. 26. Gasterotokeus biaculeatus (Bloch). Fifteen specimens from Bacon (no. 3447 to 3451, 3505 to 3508, 3597 to 3599, 3600, 3601, 3991, and 4190; length 5.25 to 9.25 in.). With the exception of no. 4190, these specimens are all pale green, with a more or less distinct dark stripe through the eye. The body is depressed, the dorsal surface of middle body ring being at least 2.5 in ventral, differing in this respect from specimen no. 4190, which is described as follows: Head 5.2 in length; depth 5.1 in head, the greatest width of body 3.25 in head; snout 1.75; width of snout at middle one-third less than its depth; eye 4.5 in snout; interorbital 5.75; dorsal 41; rings 17-++-40; dorsal fin on anterior 10 caudal rings; anal opening on anterior caudal ring; origin of dorsal midway between tip of tail and nostril; tail prehensile, no caudal fin; body elongate, depressed, the ventral surface twice as wide as dorsal; plates without spines; pectoral 5.75 in head. Color greenish; snout with 2 indistinct greenish bands. Syngnathus biaculeatus Bloch, Ichth., 1v, pl. CXX1, figs. 1 and 2, 1797, no locality given. Gasterotokeus biaculeatus, Giinther, Cat., vim, 194; Day, Fishes India, 681, pl. cLXXxIV, fig. 5. 27. Corythroichthys elerze Evermann & Seale, new species. Head 7.2 in length; snout 2; eye 2.5in snout; dorsal 29; rings 16+-36; a single ridge across cheek; inter- orbital 1.75 in eye; snout cylindrical, its depth and width being equal; lower surface of head and ventral surface of snout forming a straight line; depth of body greater than its width; length of body including head Fic. 2.— Corythroichthys elere Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. 1.45 in length of tail without caudal; a distinct nuchal ridge with 2 deep scallops; upper lateral margin of plates projecting, forming a scalloped margin on side of back; ventral surface of body rounded, dorsal surface concave; vent one ring in front of origin of dorsal; dorsal fin on anterior 6 rings of tail; origin of dorsal midway between tip of snout and twenty-fifth ring of tail; height of dorsal fin equal to depth of body at middle of fin; pectoral 14, its length 4.75 in head; caudal 2.2 in snout; anal rays 3, inconspicuous. 58 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Color in spirits, pale green, with blotches of darker green on side; 3 black cross-bands on under part of thorax; some fine dark longitudinal lines on operele, 3 on under part of head; no dark lines through eye; snout with about 5 indistinct bands of dots; a dusky blotch on base of pectoral (not always present); dorsal unmarked. Very near C. conspicullatus (Jenyns), but with longer snout, more posterior dorsal and the dorsal scales more roughened. Bight specimens from Bacon (no. 3898 and 3944; length 4.2 to 4.75 in.). Type (field no. 3944), no, 55908, U. S. National Museum, 4.75 in. in length, from Bacon, Sorsogon; collected by Chas. J. Pierson. Of the cotypes, each bearing field no. 3898, one is no. 20001, Stanford Uni- versity Museum; another is no, 4536, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, and one each is in the museum at Manila, the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, the U. S. National Museum, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, the Indiana University Museum, and the Field Museum of Natural History. Family BELONIDA. 28. Tylosurus giganteus (Temminck & Schlegel). Five specimens from Bacon (no. 3697, 3698, and 3378 to 3380; length 8.75 to 12 in.). These agree well with specimens from Hawaii. Belone gigantea Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Pisces, 245, 1846, Nagasaki, Belone annulata, Giinther, Cat., v1, 240. Tylosurus giganteus, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., Xx, pt. 1, 1903 (1905), 124, fig. 30 (Honolulu). 29. Tylosurus leiuroides (Bleeker). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3519; length 11.25 in.); dorsal 21; anal 21. Distinguished by the long nose and low dorsal fin. Belone leiuroides Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1, 1850, 479, Billiton; Giinther, Cat., v1, 243. Family EXOC(ETID. 80. Hyporhamphus quoyi (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Three specimens from Bacon (no. 3460, 3617, and 3618; length 7 to 9.1 in.). These agree well with Bleeker’s figure. Hemiramphus quoyi Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xix, 26 (35), New Guinea; Giinther, Cat., v1, 267; Bleeker, Atlas, VI, 57, pl. ccL, fig. 3. 31. Hyporhamphus dussumierii (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Four specimens from Bacon (no. 4005 and 3962; length 2.25 to 4.5 in.), and one from Bulan (no. 3739; length 10 in.). We have compared these specimens with others from Samoa identified by Jordan and Seale as H. ajjinis and find them indistinguishable, and we regard H. affinis Giinther as a synonym of H. dussumierii. Hemiramphus dussumerii Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIX, 24 (33), pl. 554, Seychelles; Giinther, Cat., V1, 266. 32. Hemiramphus marginatus (Forskal). Four fine specimens from Bacon (no. 4160 to 4163; length 10 in.) agreeing with Bleeker’s figure. Esor marginatus Forskil, Descr. Anim., 57, 1775, Red Sea. Hemirhamphus marginatus, Giinther, Cat., v1, 270; Bleeker, Atlas, v1, 54, pl. ccLiv, fig. 4. 33. Cypsilurus simus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3308 and 3309; length 6.5 and 6.75 in.), two from Bulan (no. 3202 and 3203; length 9.2 and 9.75 in.), and one from the “Philippines,” no definite label (no. 4164; length 9.3 in.). We have compared these with examples from Honolulu and find them to agree perfectly. i Exocetus simus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIX, 77 (105), Hawaiian Islands. Cypsilurus stmus, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xxu, pt. 1, 1903 (1905), 134, fig. 46 (Honolulu; Waimea and Hanamaulu Bay, Kauai; and Napili, Molokai). FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 59 34. Zenarchopterus dispar (Cuvier & Valenciennes). One specimen, without lower jaw, and with mutilated caudal, probably belonging to this species, from Bacon (no. 4008; length, without bill, 4.5 in.). Dorsal xr; anal 11; scales 40. Hemiramphus dispar Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIX, 42 (58), pl. 558, 1846, Java; Giinther, Cat., v1, 274. Zenarchopterus dispar, Bleeker, Atlas, v1, 63, pl. cc, fig. 4. 35. Zenarchopterus philippinus Peters. Forty-nine specimens from Bacon (no. 3384; length 3.5 to 4.5 in.). Dorsal 14; anal 15; head 1.5 in length; lower jaw 4.5 in head; scales 46; caudal forked. Hemirhamphus (Zenarchopterus) philippinus Peters, Monatsh. KGn. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1868, 273, Luzon. Zenarchopterus philippinus, Bleeker, Atlas, V1, 63. Family ATHERINIDA. 36. Atherina temminckii Bleeker. Two specimens from Bulan (no. 3997; length 2.5 and 3.5 in.), and one from Bacon (no. 3751; length 3 in.). Head 4 in length; depth 6.3; eye 2.8 in head; snout 4.1; interorbital 3; dorsal vi-1, 9: anal 12. Atherina temminckii Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., v, 1853, 506, Batavia;JJordan & Seale, Proc. U. S. National Museum, XXVIII, 1905, 774 (Negros). 37. Atherina lacunosa Forster. Five specimens from Bacon (no. 3961; length 2.75 to 3.75 in.). Head 3.8 in length without caudal; depth 4.6; eye 2.75 in head; snout 4.5; interorbital 3; dorsal v1, 10; anal 1, 13; scales 41-7; maxillary reaching vertical at anterior edge of pupil; origin of spinous dorsal slightly nearer anal than insertion of ventrals; no dark blotch on pectoral. Atherina lacunosa Forster, Descr. Anim., 298, 1774, New Caledonia; probably not of Giinther. 38. Atherina forskalii Riippell. Eighteen specimens from Bulan (no. 3833; length 2.1 to 3.2 in.), and 53 specimens from Bacon (no. 3653 and 3892; length 2 to 3.5 in.). Atherina forskalii Riippell, Neue Wirb., Fische, 132, pl. 33, fig. 1, 1835, Belama; Giinther, Cat., m1, 397; Day, Fishes India, 345, pl. LXXI, fig. 4. Family MUGILIDE. 39. Mugil sundanensis Bleeker. Nine specimens from Bacon (no. 3643 to 3651; length 4 to 6.2 in.). Mugil sundanensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., Iv, 265, Sumatra; Giinther, Cat., 111, 425. 40. Mugil planiceps Cuvier & Valenciennes. Five specimens from Bulan (no. 3710 to 3714; length 6.5 to 8.75 in.). Mugil planiceps Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 90 (122) Calcutta; Giinther, Cat., 11, 428. Family SPHYRENID-A. 41. Sphyreena jello Cuvier & Valenciennes. Three specimens from Bacon (no. 4175 to 4177; length 13 to 14 in.) and 2 from Bulan (no. 4152 and 4153; length 16.35 and 19.5 in.). No. 4175 to 4177 are referred to this species with some doubt, as they are in such bad condition as to make the scale counts impossible, but in other respects they agree with S. jello. Head 3.5 in length; depth 7.5; eye 6.4 in head; snout 2.1; interorbital 4.75; scales 16-130-20. Sphyrexna jello Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 258 (349), 1829, Vizagapatam; Giinther, Cat., 1, 337; Day, Fishes India, 342. 60 BULLETIN. OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 42. Sphyreena obtusata Cuvier & Valenciennes. Dumbusan. One specimen from Bulan (no. 3411; length 7.5 in.). Head 3.1 in length; depth 6.1; eye 4.5 in head; snout 2.34. Sphyrena obtusata Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 258 (350), Pondicherry; Giinther, Cat., 11, 339; Day, Fishes India, 343, pl. LX x1, fig. 5. : 48. Sphyrena langsar Bleeker. Domosot. One specimen from Bulan (no. 3412; length 8 in.), one from Bacon (no. 3942; length 5.5 in.), and 3 from San Fabian (no. 3677 and 4022; length 2.75 to 4.75 in.). These each have 75 scales in lateral line. This species is distinguished from S. obfusata by the longer snout and smaller scales. Sphyrena langsar Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., vu, 367, Batjan; Giinther, Cat., 01, 340. Family HOLOCENTRIDA. 44. Myripristis pralinius Cuvier & Valenciennes. Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3223 and 3228; length 6.1 and 6.2 in.). These specimens show 6 indistinct yellowish longitudinal stripes below the lateral line. Depth 2.45 in length; head 3.25; eye 2 in head; snout 6.75; scales 4-38-6; dorsal x-1, 15; anal rv, 14; eye 6.1 in head; snout 3.5 in eye; large blunt projecting teeth in each jaw. Myripristis pralinius Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 127 (170) and vi1, 366 (486), New Ireland. Muripristis bleekeri Ginther, Cat., 1, 20, 1859, Sea of Banda Neira; not M. pralinius of Giinther. 45. Myripristis microphthalmus Bleeker. Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3250 and 3723; length 7.25 and 7.5 in.) and one from Bulan (no. 3966; length 5 in.). Head 3.25 in length; depth 2.45; eye 7 in head; scales 429-6; dorsal x-1, 14; anal1v, 12. These speci- mens agree well with others from Samoa. Myripristis microphthalmus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 111, 261, 1852, Amboyna; Atlas, Ix, pl. CCCLVIIL, fig. 2; Giinther, Cat., 1, 24. 46. Myripristis murdjan (Forskal). Three specimens from Bacon (no. 3235, 3227 and 3637; length 6.25 to 8 in.), agreeing with Hawaiian specimens. Sciena murdjan Forskal, Desecr. Anim., 48, 1775, Djidda, Red Sea.. Myripristis murdjan, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xx111, pt. 1, 1903 (1905), 157, pl. v (Honolulu, Hilo, Kailua, Laysan, and Samoa). 47. Myripristis macrolepis Bleeker. Baga-haga. One specimen (no. 3363; length 5.75 in.), from Zamboanga. Head 3 in length; depth 2.3; eye 2.01 in head; snout 3 in eye; interorbital 3.75 in head; dorsal x-1, 15; anal 1v, 12; scales 3-29-5, 6 scales in front of dorsal; maxillary 1.75 in head, its distal end under posterior margin of pupil. Myripristis macrolepis Bleeker, Atlas, Ix, pl. CCCLIX, fig. 3. 48. Holocentrus cornutus Bleeker. One specimen from Bacon (no. 6919; length 5.25 in.) and one from Bulan (no. 6928; length 6.75 in.). Head 3.2 in length; depth 2.8; eye 2.55 in head; snout 1.5; maxillary 3; mandible 2; scales 3-37-65; dorsal x1, 13; anal rv, 9, the fourth spine very long, nearly equal to head. Color in spirits, yellowish, with dark longitudinal lines, the third from dorsal terminating in a dark caudal spot; membranes of spinous dorsal dark, first webs of anal black; outer margins of caudal dark, Holocentrum cornutum Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., v, 240, Ceram; Giinther, Cat., 1, 45. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 61 Family SCOMBRIDA. 49. Scomber brachysomus Bleecker. Masangui. One specimen from San Fabian (no. 3271; length 8.1 in.). Gillrakers equal to distance from tip of snout to orbit, shorter than in S. microlepidotus, from which this species is easily distinguished by the deeper body. D Scomber brachysoma Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1, 356, 1850, Batavia; Giinther, Cat., 11, 361; Day; Fishes India, 251. 50. Scomber microlepidotus Riippell. Two specimens from Bacon (no. 4173 and 4174; length 1Oand 10.25in.). Gillrakers long, equal to distance from tip of snout to middle of eye. Scomber microlepidotus Riippell, Neue Wirb., Fische, 38, pl. x1, fig. 2, 1837, Red Sea; Giinther, Cat., 11, 361; Day, Fishes India, 250, pl. Lrv, figs. 3, 4, and 5; Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1904, 759. 51. Scomber japonicus Houttuyn. One specimen from Bulan (no. 3912; length 5.45 in.). Blue above, silvery below. Head 3.25 in length; depth 5.2; dorsal 1x, 12+-v; anal 1, 11+-v. This species is indistinguishable from the common chub mackerel (8. colias) of the Atlantic. Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, Verh. Holl. Maat. Weet. Haarl., xx, 1782, 331, Japan; Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., XXIII, pt. 1, 1903 (1905), 169, fig. 62. 52. Gymnosarda pelamis (Linnus). Two specimens from Bulan (no. 4184 and 4185; length 15 and 15.25 in.). Dorsal xvr—12+-vi1; anal u—12+-vi1. Scomber pelamis Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 297, 1758, ‘‘in pelago inter Tropicos.”’ Thynnus pelamys, Giinther, Cat., 11, 364. Gymnosarda pelamis, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xxu1, pt. 1, 1903 (1905), 172, fig. 64. 53. Rachycentron canadus (Linnus). One fine specimen from Bulan (no. 4151; length 24 in.). Head 4.05 in length; depth 6.3; eye 7.1 in head; snout 2.5; maxillary 2.5; scales about 332; dorsal vii, 32; anal 27; lateral line with several strong sharp curves. Gasterosteus canadus Linneus, Syst. Nat., ed. x1, 491, 1766, Carolina. Scomber niger Bloch, Ichth., x, 48, pl. cccxxxvul, 1797. Elacate pondiceriana Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vit, 241 (329), 1831, Pondicherry. Elacate niger, Giinther, Cat., 11, 375. Rachycentron canadus, Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., 948, pl. CXLV1u, fig. 401, 1896. NESOGRAMMUS Evermann & Seale, new genus. Nesogrammus Evermann «& Seale, new genus of Scombridz (Nesogrammus piersoni). Body long and slender, completely covered with small, thin, deciduous scales; no corselet; lateral lines 2, the lower branch leaving the main lateral line under the base of third or fourth dorsal spine, from which point it extends nearly vertically downward to lower third of side, along which it runs, approximately parallel to the ventral line of body, to caudal peduncle. Ventrals 1, 5; dorsal and anal finlets 7. Villiform teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue; a single row of sharp, canine-like teeth in each jaw. This genus is related to Scomberomorus, from which it differs, however, in the presence of two lateral lines and in the complete squamation of the body. (v7G0s, island; yvpasuyea, line.) 54. Nesogrammus piersoni Evermann «& Seale, new species. Head 4.5 in length; depth 4.75; eye 4.35 in head; snout 2.85; maxillary 2.25; mandible 1.9; dorsal xu-+1, 9++-vi1; pectoral 1.9; ventral 3.2; anal 1, 11+-vir; scales 170 in upper and 145 in lower branch of lateral line. Body elongate, moderately compressed; depth of caudal peduncle 1.9 in snout; head pointed; jaws equal; interorbital space flat, its width greater than eye; mouth large; maxillary slipping under preorbital 62 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. and ending under anterior third of eye, its distal end formed by the supplemental bone, pointed and directed slightly upward; base of mandible under middle of eye; teeth in jaws in a single row, rather strong, triangular, about 14 to 17 on each side; minute teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue; gillrakers rather bluntly pointed, 15 on lower limb, the longest 3 in snout; opercle and preopercle entire, the posterior margin of preopercle with a wide anterior curve in its middle portion; cheek and opercle with fine scales; body entirely covered with fine, thin deciduous scales; lateral lines 2, the upper beginning at upper edge of opercular opening and running approximately parallel with the back to below the sixth dorsal finlet, where it curves downward and unites with the lower branch; lower branch originating under base of third dorsal spine, running nearly vertically downward to level of lower edge of pectoral, where it curves backward and extends along lower third of side to middle of caudal peduncle, where it again unites with the upper branch; no corselet; breast sealed; caudal peduncle with a median keel and a smaller one above and below it. Fic. 3.— Nesogrammus piersoni Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. Origin of spinous dorsal midway between tip of snout and third ray of soft dorsal; dorsal spines connected, except the 2 posterior ones, which do not protrude, the longest spine 2.75 in head, the 2 dorsals entirely separate; origin of soft dorsal slightly in advance of vent, its longest ray 2.75 in head; dorsal finlets 7; origin of anal midway between base of caudal and origin of ventrals, its longest ray 3.75 in head; anal finlets 7; no free spines in front of anal; origin of ventrals below axil of pectoral, their length 3 in head; caudal deeply forked. Color in spirits, brownish above, silvery below; a large dusky blotch at origin of lateral line and in axil of pectoral; top of snout dusky; a dusky area through eye; membranes of spinous dorsal dusky; ventrals darker on posterior third; other fins with very slight wash of dusky. One specimen (field no. 4178), the type, no. 55899, U.S. National Museum, 16 inches long, from Bulan, Sorsogon, P. I.; collected by Prof. Charles J. Pierson, for whom the species is named. Family TRICHIURIDA. 55. Trichiurus haumela (Forskal). Pinka. Head 7.5 in length; depth 14; eye 6.1 in head, 2 in snout; interorbital 2.5 in snout; dorsal 129; anal represented by 106 minute spines; teeth large, 18 in upper jaw, 20 in lower; no teeth on vomer, a few minute teeth on palatines; gillrakers consisting of small, sharp spines, about 14 on lower limb. = Color in spirits, silvery, bluish above; 2 bright yellow longitudinal stripes on lower half of body; dorsal yellow, with dusky margin. One specimen from San Fabian (no. 3381; length 19.75 in.). Clupea haumela Forskal, Deser. Anim., 72, 1775, Red Sea. Trichiurus haumela, Giinther, Cat., 11, 348 (Malayan Peninsula; Amboyna). Family CARANGIDA. 56. Scomberoides toloo-parah (Riippell). Cassisung. Two specimens from San Fabian (no. 3716 and 3717; length 6.25 and 6.5 in.). Lichia toloo-parah Riippell, Atlas, Fische, 91, 1828, Massowah, Red Sea. Chorinemus toloo, Giinther, Cat., 1, 473. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 63 57. Decapterus macrosomus Bleeker. Twelve specimens from Bulan (No. 3345, 3347 to 3349, 3351, 3521, 3522, 3524, and 3531 to 3534; length 5.75 to 8 in.) and one from Bacon (no. 4146; length 6 in.). Depth 5.5; head 3.75;. about 59 plates or scales in straight portion of lateral line; origin of ventrals nearer to tip of snout than to anal. This fish is more elongate and has smaller plates than has D. kurra, and the distance between tips of ventrals and origin of anal is 1.5 in head, while in D. kurra it is much less, being about 2.5. Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1, 358, 1850, Batavia. Caranz macrosoma, Giinther, Cat., 1, 425. 58. Decapterus kurra Bleeker. Six specimens from Bulan (no. 3350, 3346, 3911, 3913, 3914, and 3523; length 4 to 6 in.) Head 3 in length; depth 4.5; plates 40; distance between tips of ventrals and origin of anal short, about 2.5 in head; origin of ventrals nearer origin of anal than to tip of snout. Decapterus kurra Bleeker, Makreelachtige Visschen, 50, Verh. Bat. Gen., xxIv, 1852, Batavia. Caranz kurra, Giinther, Cat., 11, 427; Day, Fishes India, 214, pl. Lxviq, fig. 5. 59. Seriola nigrofasciata (Riippell). One specimen from Bulan (no. 3602; length 6.2 in.) Nomeus nigrofasciatus Rippell, Atlas, Fische, 92, pl. 24, fig. 2, 1828, Red Sea. Seriola nigrofasciata, Giinther, Cat., 11, 465. 60. Lactarius lactarius (Bloch & Schneider). Bog-snag-taen. Three fine specimens from San Fabian (no. 3274, 3754, and 3755; length 6.25 to 9.2 in.). Head 3 in length; depth 2.8; eye 3.85 in head; snout 4.5; maxillary 2.1, its distal end under posterior margin of pupil; base of anal fin 2.75 in length. Scomber lactarius Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 31, 1801, Tranquebar. Lactarius delicatulus, Giinther, Cat., 11, 507. 61. Caranx boops Cuvier & Valenciennes. Afoloy. Nine specimens from Bacon (no. 3724, 3807, 4053, 4054, 4084, 4085, 4086, 4102, and 4103; length 7 to 8.25 in.). Head 3.45 in length; depth 3.1; plates of lateral line 44, the line strongly bent, becoming straight under the posterior third of first dorsal, the plates very large; eye 2.75 in head; adipose eyelid well developed; max- illary 2.1 in head. In this species the ventrals fall far short of anal spines, the origin of the spines being midway between origin of ventrals and base of ninth anal ray; under jaw strongly projecting. Caranx boops Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1x, 35 (46), Amboyna; Giinther, Cat., 11, 431; Day, Fishes India, 218, pl. xLix, fig. 2. 62. Caranx freeri Evermann & Seale, new species. Mataan. Head 3.1 in length; depth 3.2; eye 2.85 in head; interorbital 3.55; dorsal vi1—r, 23; anal 11—r, 20; lateral line of 25 scales and 47 plates; a broad adipose eyelid. Body oblong, moderately compressed; depth of caudal peduncle 6.1 in head, its depth less than its width; profile of head from above opercle to snout almost a straight line placed at angle of 35 degrees; mouth large, the lower jaw scarcely projecting; length of maxillary 2.1 in head, its distal end under middle of pupil, the posterior margin concave; mandible 1.75 in head; minute teeth on jaws, vomer, palatines, and tongue, those of jaws in single series; gillrakers long and slim, 24 on lower limb, the longest 5.9 in head; opercle and preopercle entire; body entirely scaled; breast scaled; plates of lateral line very strong, their greatest diameter 4.5 in head; the lateral line with a low curve anteriorly, becoming straight under the posterior dorsal spines, the curved portion 3.2 in straight; scales of the arrow-shaped area in front of dorsal very minute; about 6 rows on cheek; origin of spinous dorsal in vertical line with axil of ventrals, the longest spine 2 in head, longest ray of soft dorsal 2.5; origin of anal under second soft dorsal ray, being midway between base of caudal and posterior margin of orbit, its longest ray 2.55 in head; origin of anterior anal spine midway between origin of ventral and base of seventh anal ray; first anal spine 6.5 in head; ventrals midway between origin of anal and posterior end 64 - BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. of maxillary, their length 2 in head, their tips reaching first anal spine; pectoral 1.1 in head, the tip reaching origin of anal; caudal deeply forked, its length 1.1 in head. Color in spirits, yellowish white, a tint of blue above; tip of snout and tip of under jaw dusky; no distinct opercular spot, but posterior margin of opercles with some slight shading of dusky; dorsals slightly tinted with dusky, most distinet on margin of soft dorsal; scarcely a trace of dusky on tip of caudal; pectorals, ventrals, and anal unmarked. This species is near C’. boops, of which we have many specimens. It may be at once separated, however, by the more anterior location of the anal spines, the less projecting under jaw, greater length of head, and greater width of the interorbital space. Fig. 4.— Caranz freeri Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. One specimen (no. 3324, type, no., 55913 U.S. National Museum; 9.1 in. long), from San Fabian; collector, Mr. C. L. Hall. We take pleasure in naming this species for Dr. Paul C. Freer, who, as director of the Philippine Bureau of Science, is doing so much to advance our knowledge of the natural resources of the Philippine Islands. 63. Caranx cynodon Bleeker. One fine specimen from Bacon (?) (no. 4165; length 13 in.). Head 3.4 in length; depth 2.9; eye 3.85 in head; snout 3.75; pectoral long and faleate, 2.75 in length: maxillary 2 in head, its distal end on line with posterior margin of eye. Caranx cynodon Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1, 362, 1850, Batavia; Giinther, Cat., 1, 447. 64. Caranx affinis Riippell. Two specimens from Bulan (no. 3981 and 3897; length 5 and 5.5 in.). Differing from Hawaiian spec- imens apparently only in the somewhat larger black opercular spot. Caranz affinis, Riippell, Neue Wirb., Fische, 49, pl. 14, fig. 1. 65. Caranx speciosus (Forskil). One specimen from Bulan (no. 3638; length 6.5 in.). Scomber speciosus Forskal, Deser. Anim., 54, 1775, Red Sea. Caranx speciosus, Giinther, Cat., 1, 444. 66. Caranx ophthalmotenia (Bleeker). Four specimens from Bulan (no. 3907 to 3910; length 3 to 4.5in.). Dorsal vm, 27; anal m—r, 23; depth 2; head 3.05; anterior dorsal and anal rays elongate; a brown band from base of mandible upward and back- ward thru eye to nuchal region; ventrals dusky. Carangoides ophthalmotenia Bleeker. Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 11, 270, 1852, Amboyna; Giinther, Cat., 11, 451. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 65 67. Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard. Talatiiogan. Nine specimens from San Fabian (no. 3325 to 3333; length 3.5 to 4in.). Head 3.1 in length; depth 2.5; eye 3 in head; snout 4.2; pectoral 3.3; maxillary 2.1, its distal end scarcely reaching posterior margin of eye; tip of dorsal black. Carangus rhabdotus Jenkins, from Honolulu, closely resembles this species, but differs from it in the heavier body, smaller eye, and the broader cross-bands. Caranz sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 358, pl. 65, fig. 4, 1824, Papous Islands. 68. Caranx armatus (Forskal). Buensang-sapse; Amaaligan. Sixteen specimens from San Fabian (no. 3498, 3446, 4940, and 4941; length 3.2 to 6 in.). No. 4032, length 3 inches, from Bulan, is also placed with this species, although it is slightly deeper and seems to differ in a slight degree. Sci#zna armata Forskal, Deser. Anim., 53, 1775, Red Sea. Caranx armatus, Giinther, Cat., 11, 453. 69. Caranx kalla Cuvier & Valenciennes. One specimen from Bulan (no. 3767; length 3 in.). Lateral line becoming straight under about the sixth dorsal ray, which readily distinguishes this species from C’. djeddaba, to which it is closely related. Caranz kalla Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1x, 37 (49), 1831, Pondicherry; Day, Fishes India, 219, pl. xLIx, fig. 5. Caranz calla, Giinther, Cat., 11, 433. 70. Caranx djeddaba (Forskal). One small specimen from ‘‘ Philippines”’ (no. 3782; length 3.5 in.). Head 3.25 in length; depth 2.75; eye 3.2 in head; snout 4; maxillary 3; mandible 2.1; interorbital 3.75; dorsal vit, 25; anal 1, 22; scutes 54, 37 in curved portion; lateral line becoming straight under the first dorsal ray. Scomber djeddaba Forskal, Descr. Anim., 1775, Red Sea. Caranx djeddaba, Giinther, Cat., 11, 432; Day, Fishes India, 218, pl. xLIx, fig. 3. 71. Caranx brevis (Bleeker). Three specimens from ‘‘ Philippines” (no. 3888; length 3 to 3.2 in.). Head 3.5 in length; depth 2.4; eye 3 in head; dorsal ym, 25; anal u—1, 19; lateral line 34+46. Teeth in jaws, vomer and palatines; no canines; curved portion of lateral line 1.95 in straight, the line becoming straight under anterior dorsal rays; a distinct opercular spot; breast scaled. Selar brevis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1, 1850, 361, Batavia. Caranz brevis, Giinther, Cat., 11, 435. 72. Megalaspis cordyla (Linneus). Bacutut. Three fine specimens from Bulan (no. 4155 to 4157; length 14 to 15.5 in.) and 3 from Jolo (no. 4111 to 4113; length 8.5 to 9 in.). Scomber cordyla Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. X, 298, 1758, America. Scomber rottleri Bloch, Ichth., x, 39, 346, 1797. Caranz rottleri, Giinther, Cat., 11, 424. Megalaspis rottleri, Bleeker, Makreelachtige Visschen, 49, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXIv (Batavia). 73. Citula halli Evermann & Seale, new species. Pampanon. Head 3 in length; depth 1.5; eye 3.2 in head; dorsal 1v—1, 40; anal 11, 38; 76 scales in lateral line, 35 of which are in straight portion, and scarcely armed; snout 3.5; maxillary 3, its distal end on line with anterior margin of eye. Body elevated, compressed; anterior profile rounded; caudal peduncle narrow, 5.5in head; body, including breast, covered with deciduous scales, which are of small size on thorax; lateral line almost straight, the curve being very long and low, the greatest depth of curve 7 in its length, the straight portion of line 2.5 in curved part. B. B. F. 1906—5 66 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Depth of head much greater than its length; jaws equal; teeth very fine, sharp, in a single series in each jaw; no teeth on vomer, palatines or tongue; opercle and preopercle entire; gillrakers sharp, 13 on lower limb, the longest equal to one-half diameter of eye. Spinous dorsal of 4 minute spines, connected only at base; anterior rays of soft dorsal and anal greatly elongate, the longest dorsal ray 2 in length; longest anal ray 2.25; caudal deeply forked, 3.5; pectoral 3.5; ventrals 4, their tips extending to base of anal; vertical fins without scaly sheath. Color in spirits, yellowish, with 5 vertical brown bands of greater width than interspaces, the anterior one forming a distinct ocular band from spinous dorsal through eye to ventrals, the second from anterior of soft dorsal to belly, the third from fifth to fourteenth dorsal rays to anterior of anal; fourth from posterior a a ») 9) Wes Fic. 5.—Citula halli Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. third of dorsal to middle of anal; the fifth near posterior of dorsal and anal; two oblique bands on each caudal lobe; anterior half of dorsal and anal black; ventrals black; pectoral yellowish; opercles dusky; belly with bluish wash. One specimen, the type, no. 55914 U.S. National Museum (original no. 4029), 2.5 inches long, from San Fabian. Easily distinguished from Alectis ciliaris, to which it bears a superficial resemblance, by the low curve of the lateral line. Named for Mr. C. L. Hall, who collected at San Fabian many of the specimens on which this report is based. 74. Trachinotus baillonii (Lacépéde). Bitilla. One specimen from Zamboanga (no. 3761; length 8.75 in.). Head 3.8 in length; deptlt 2.3; eye 3.1 in head; snout 4.1; dorsal, anal and caudal lobes much produced, all blackish; 4 small round black spots on lateral line on middle of side. Cesiomorus baillonit Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11,93, pl. 3, fig. 1, Indian Ocean, Trachynotus baillonii, Giinther, Cat., 11, 484. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 67 Family EQUULIDA. 75. Leiognathus virgatus Fowler. Two specimens from Bulan (no. 3916; length 2.5 and 2.75 in.). Leiognathus virgatus Fowler, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., x11, 1904 (June 10), 515, pl. xv, fig. 4, Pedang, Sumatra, 76. Leiognathus dussumieri (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Malaway. Two specimens from San Fabian (no. 3210 and 3212; length 6 and 6.2 in.). Head 3.2 in length; depth 1.9; eye 3.1 in head; snout 3.1; spine-shaped crest on nuchal region not reaching halfway to base of first dorsal spine. Equula dussumieri Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 56 (77), pl. 283, 1835, Coromandel; Giinther, Cat., 1, 500. 77. Leiognathus splendens (Cuvier). Masangui. Two specimens from San Fabian (no. 3955 and 3959; length 2.5 and 3.75 in.), one from ‘‘ Philippines” (no local label, No. 3765; length 2.75 in.), and 3 from Bacon (no. 4030; length 2.5 to 2.75 in.). Breast scaled; supraorbital serrate; lateral line not so strongly arched as in L. edentulus, the anterior part slightly concave; tip of dorsal black. Equula splendens Cuvier, Régne Anim., 1, 212, 1829, Indies; Giinther, Cat., 11, 501. 78. Leiognathus stercorarius Evermann & Seale, new species. Head 3.7 in length; depth 3; eye 3 in head; snout 3; interorbital 3; dorsal vit, 17; anal ut, 14; scales 57. Body oblong, moderately compressed, the upper and lower profiles almost evenly curved; jaws equal; depth of caudal peduncle 4.9 in head; entire body covered with thin deciduous scales; cheek and breast scaled; lateral line complete, with a long low curve from caudal peduncle to head; mouth very protractile; the groove for the processes of the maxillary extending to a line with posterior margin of eye, the length of the bony spine-shaped crest extending back from the groove 2.6 in head; upper jaw heavy; minute teeth Fic. 6.—Leiognathus stercorarius Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. in jaws, none on yomer, palatines or tongue; no canines; twelve gillrakers on lower limb, the longest about 2 in pupil; maxillary ending on a line with anterior margin of eye, scarcely one-half exposed; mandible 2 in head, at angle of 30°; width of preorbital 1.85 in snout; lower limb of preopercle denticulate on its inferior border; opercle entire; eye with slight adipose eyelid. Origin of dorsal slightly posterior to origin of ventrals, longest dorsal spine 1.75 in head, about one-half depth of body (in another specimen—a cotype—this spine measures 1.4 in head and is greater than one-half depth of body), the first dorsal spine minute, the second longest, the dorsal continuous, none of the spines or 68 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. rays elongate; anal similar to dorsal but shorter; the first anal spine midway between tip of snout and base of caudal; the longest spine 2 in head, none of the anal spines or rays elongate; vertical fins without scales but with deep sheaths; pectoral 1.7 in head; ventrals 2.25 in head, their origin midway between origin of anal and posterior end of mandible; caudal deeply forked. Color in spirits, light brown above, silvery below, with a slight wash of yellowish; a peculiar lanceolate area on middle of side shaded with fine black dots, and having the appearance of an abrasion; fine brownish dots just above anal fin; upper half of body with numerous vermiculate brownish lines; a black line on base of dorsal; upper lip dusky; dusky dots in axil of pectoral; anterior spines of dorsal and anal with some fine brown dots, most distinct on anal, otherwise fins unmarked. This species is related to L. oblongus but differs among other things in having scales on chest. It is more elongate than LZ. rivulatus and L. lineatus, with which we have compared it. Seven specimens from Bulan, length 3.75 to 4in. Type, no. 55906, U.S. National Museum (field no. 3591), length 4.75 in., from Bulan, Sorsogon, P. I. Of the cotypes, all from Bulan, one (field no. 3590) is no. 20004 Stanford Univ. Mus.; another (field no. 3588) is no. 4537 U.S. Bureau of Fisheries; another (field no. 3587) is in the museum at Manila; another (field no. 3589) is in the U.S. National Museum; another (field no. 3592) is in Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences; another (field no. 3593) is in the Indiana University Museum. (Stercorarius of or pertaining to dung; from the fly-spects on the side.) 79. Leiognathus edwardsi Evermann & Seale, new species. Patuan. Head 3.6 in length; depth 2.6; eye 2.75 in head; snout 2.9; interorbital 3.1; dorsal vm, 16; anal m1, 13; scales about 70, about 48 pores. Body oblong-ovate, the dorsal and ventral outlines about equally curved and gently arched; head mod- erate, pointed, snout pointed; mouth small, very protractile, the lower jaw included; maxillary short, its exposed tip pointed, scarcely reaching vertical of orbit; teeth in jaws fine, villiform; vomer and palatines Fic. 7.—Leiognathus edwardsi Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. apparently toothless; eye large, in middle of head; lower edge of preopercle entire; cheek deep, greater than interorbital width; a broad, blunt supraocular spine over anterior part of eye; interocular space broadest anteriorly, its length nearly twice its greatest width; occipital ridge greater than diameter of orbit and slightly greater than distance from its tip to origin of dorsal fin; origin of dorsal fin posterior to insertion of ventrals; first dorsal spine produced and filamentous (the tip broken off), its length probably about 1.5 in length of body; soft dorsal low; origin of anal under about sixth dorsal spine; first spine greatly produced and filamentous, its length about 1.8 in depth; anal rays short; both dorsal and anal fins folding into a FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 69 shallow groove; pectoral short, its length about 1.5 in head; ventrals short, their length slightly greater than diameter of orbit, the distance from their tips to base of first anal spine 1.5 in their length; caudal broadly forked, the lobes about 1.25 in head; scales small, thin, and deciduous; lateral line in a low regular arch from upper edge of gill-opening to base of caudal; breast naked. Color in spirits, dirty olivaceous yellow, back more or less marbled and vermiculated with brownish; a dark line along base of dorsal fin; cheek and lower half of side finely punctulate with dark dots; tip of snout black; axil of pectoral dusky; fins otherwise pure yellowish. This species is based on a single specimen 5 inches long, field no. 38876 (10778), from San Fabian, Pangasi- nan. Type, no. 55904, U.S. National Museum. It is apparently related to Giinther’s Equula leuciscus, from which it differs, however, in the smooth preopercle, the presence of a supraocular spine, and the less develop- ment of the anterior dorsal spine. We take pleasure in naming this species for Brig. Gen. Clarence R. Edwards, U.S. Army, Chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs, U. S. War Department. 80. Leiognathus fasciatus (Lacépéde). Four specimens from San Fabian (no. 3211 and 3956 to 3958; length 3.25 to 6.2 in.). Body very deep, back strongly arched. Head 3.18 in length; depth 2; eye 3 in head; snout 2.95; two strong supraocular spines; lower limb of preopercle serrate; scales very small, breast naked; lateral line complete, 60; body with about 18 narrow black vertical bars. Clupea fasciata Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 460, 1803. Equula fasciata, Giinther, Cat., 11, 498, 1859. 81. Leiognathus edentula (Bloch). Four specimens from San Fabian (no. 3950 to 3953; length 2.75 to 3.5 in.). Body very deep, the back much arched; breast naked; lateral line strongly arched, the anterior part at first slightly concave. Head 3 in length; depth 1.7; eye 3 in head; snout 2.75; nuchal crest almost reaching base of first dorsal spine, which is 2.5 in depth; teeth not evident; tip of dorsal fin not black. Scomber edentulus Bloch, ichth ., pl. ccccxxviil, 1785. Equula edentula, Giinther, Cat., 1, 498; Day, Fishes India, 238, pl. Lm, fig. 1. 82. Gazza tapeinosoma Bleeker. Five specimens from the Philippines (no local label given; no. 3779, 3780, 3781, 3783, and 3784; length 3.75 to 5.2 in.), and 8 from Bulan (no. 3489 to 3496; length 4.5 to 5 in.). Gazza tapeinosoma Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1v, 260, 1853, Batavia. Gazza argentaria, Giinther, Cat., 11, 506; probably not of Forster. 83. Gazza minuta (Bloch). Matambo; Buegsang. Seven specimens from San Fabian (no. 3947 to 3949 and 3868 to 3871; length 2.75 to 4 in.). Head 2.9 in length; depth 2; eye 2.75 in head; snout 3.1; scales minute, lateral line complete; breast naked; preopercle serrate. Scomber minutus Bloch, Iehth., xu, 110, pl. cccexxIXx, fig. 2, 1797, no locality given Gazza minuta, Giinther, Cat., 1, 506. Family GERRID. 84. Xysteema punctatum (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Three specimens from Bulan (no. 3220 to 3223; length 4.75 to 5.2 in.), agreeing well with the figures given by Bleeker and by Day and with Day’s description. Gerres punctatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v1, 361 (480) 1830, Pondicherry. Gerres flamentosus, Giinther, Cat., 1, 345, and 1v, 261; Day, Fishes India, 98, pl. xxv, fig. 3. 85. Xystzema baconensis Evermann & Seale, new species. Duldul. Head 3.25 in length; depth 2.6; eye 3.25 in head; snout 3; lateral line complete; scales about 4-47-8; interorbital 2.8 in head; maxillary 2.5; depth of cheek 3.3; dorsal 1x, 10; anal ur, 7; pectoral 1.1 in head; ventrals 1.9. fod 70 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Body moderately elongate, the back rather strongly arched, the profile rising in a regular curve from tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin, thence descending in a broader curve to caudal peduncle; ventral outline less convex; head pointed, the lips thick, jaws subequal, or the lower slightly the shorter; premaxillary strongly protractile: exposed portion of maxillary broad, its greatest width half its length, its posterior edge slightly coneave; preopercle entire; interorbital broad; premaxillary groove narrow, completely scaled except a small circular area posteriorly above anterior margin of orbit; caudal peduncle rather deep, its greatest depth greater than diameter of eye, or 3 times its least width. Scales large, thin, and firm; origin of dorsal fin over base of pectoral, the second spine slender, curved, and lengthened, its length greater than half that of head; dorsal rays short; second anal spine shorter and scarcely larger than the third, its length 1.4 in eye; dorsal and anal fins each with a high, sealy sheath; caudal fin thickly covered with fine scales; peritoneum dusky; second interhemal spine long and slender; posterior end of air-bladder bifid, ending in 2 Jong slender horns which fit alongside of second interhxmal. Color in spirits, silvery white, the back and upper part of side showing faint dark lines along the middle of each row of seales parallel with the back; tip of spinous dorsal dark, fins otherwise unmarked. This species is close to X. kapas, from which it differs chiefly in having the premaxillary groove scaled, the eye larger, the interorbital space broader, and the second anal spine smaller. A) XNXNY Hy} Waee Wes -) sHUdigely, Nine inte A eka Fig. 8.—Xyst#ma baconensis Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. This species is represented in our collection by two specimens—one (no. 3416) from Bacon, and the other (no. 3377) from Jolo, Type, no. 55912, U.S. National Museum, a specimen 7 inches long, from Bacon, Sorsogon, P. 1. The other, a specimen 5.5 inches long is a cotype, no. 4538, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. 86. Xystzema kapas (Bleeker). Duldul. We refer to this species one specimen (no. 3376) 5.35 in. long from Jolo, 9 specimens (no. 3417, 3418, 3637 to 3639, and 3822 to 3825, 3.2 to 6.5 in. long) from Bacon, and 2 small examples (no. 3890) from Bulan. Head 3.2 in length; depth 2.7; eye 3.5 in head; snout 3.2; interorbital 2.9; scales 440-9; maxillary groove naked, interorbital width greater than orbit; preopercle not denticulate; base of ventrals midway between tip of snout and origin of anal; longest dorsal spine about 2 in depth of body: second anal spine somewhat stronger but shorter than the third, its length 3.3 in head or 4.25 in depth. Color in spirits, silvery, tip of spinous dorsal black; body without longitudinal darker lines. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 71 Our specimens agree perfectly with Bleeker’s figure of this species, but differ from Giinther’s description in the shorter second anal spine. They seem to differ from XY. oyena (Riippell) in the lower curve of the dorsal outline and the absence of dark lateral lines along the rows of scales. Gerres kapas Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 11, 1851, 482, Batavia. Diapterus kapas Bleeker, Atlas, V1i1, 127, pl. cccLXx1, fig. 3 (East Indies). Gerres kapas, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 259. Family MANID&. 87. Emmelichthys leucogrammicus Bleeker. Nine specimens from Bulan (no. 3971; length 2.5 to 3.2 in.), and one from Bacon (no. 3758; length 1.85 in.). These agree well with Bleeker’s figure. Emmelichthys leucogrammicus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1, 103, 1850, Celebes; Atlas, vir, pl. cexcry, fig. 2. Erythrichthys leucogrammicus, Giinther, Cat., 1, 396. Dipterygonotus leucogrammicus Bleeker, Atlas, v111, 42. Family SCORPIDIDA. 88. Monodactylus argenteus (Linnus). One specimen from Bulan (no. 3594; length 3.75 in.). Head 2.9 in length; depth 1.2; eye 2.6 in head; snout 5.2. Color in spirits dusky silvery, a black band from nape through eye to lower edge of gill-opening and another across body and base of pectoral just posterior to gill-opening to origin of dorsal and anal and then extending on those fins to tips of produced rays. Chztodon argenteus Linnzus, Amoen. Acad., Iv, 249, 1759. Psettus argenteus, Giinther, Cat., 11, 487. Family APOGONICHTHYID. 89. Amia freenata (Valenciennes). ‘ One specimen from Bacon (no. 3766; length 3.75 in.). (Not A. frenatus of Giinther:) Head 2.5 in length; depth 3.18; snout 4; eye very large, longer than snout, 3.1 in head; side with a well-defined black band about width of pupil, extending through eye and across. tip of snout, where it is most distinct; a distinct black spot on caudal peduncle at base of caudal fin; a black bar on base of anal; anterior dorsal spines black. } From Amia snyderi this species seems to differ in the larger eye, more slender body, and better defined black caudal spot and lateral band. The two may, however, be identical. Apogonfrenatus Valenciennes, Nouy. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 57, pl. 4, fig. 4, 1832. 90. Amia koilomatodon (Bleeker). Two fine specimens from Bacon (no. 3509 and 3511; length 4.75 and 5.2 in.). These agree in every respect with specimens from Samoa. Apogon koilomatodon Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., Iv, 134, 1853, Ternate. Amia koilomatodon Bleeker, Atlas, vil, pl. cccvu, fig. 1; Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bu. Fish., xxv, 1905 (1906), 240, fig. 34. 91. Amia quadrifasciata (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Bakutut. Twenty-nine specimens from Jolo (no. 3555 to 3583; length 2.5 to 3.5 in.), all showing the indistinct vertical bands, in addition to the 2 distinct longitudinal stripes; no caudal spot, the lower longitudinal stripe extending to tip of caudal. Apogon quadrifasciatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 113 (153), 1828, Pondicherry; Giinther, Cat., I, 239; Day, Fishes India, 59. Amia quadrifasciata, Bleeker Atlas, Vu, 88, pl. cccXxxXy, fig. 1. 72 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 92. Amia fasciata (Quoy & Gaimard). Four specimens from Bacon (no. 5752; length 1.25 to 1.5 in.), similar in every respect to a specimen from Samoa. The upper and lower bands converge on the caudal fin, touching or nearly so, the median band near - tip of tail. The type of Apogon fasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, came from Guam and the same specimen appears to have been used by Cuvier & Valenciennes as one of the types of their Apogon novemfasciatus published five years later. The other specimen in the possession of Cuvier & Valenciennes came from Timor and, according to a recent note from Mr. Vaillant, appears to be the same species. SS: Apogon fasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 344, 1824, Guam (type in Paris Mus.). Apogon novemfasciatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 114 (154), 1829, in part; Guam specimen. A pogon fasciatus, Day, Fishes India, 60, in part; not of White. 93. Amia chrysopoma (Bleeker). Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3976 and 3365; length 3.1 and 4 in.). Head 2.85 in length; depth 2.85; eye 2.75 in head; dorsal vi-1, 9; anal 11, 8; scales 2-29-6; posterior limb of preopercle serrate, anterior limb entire; maxillary extending to below middle of eye; gillrakers 20 on lower limb. These specimens agree with Bleeker’s description, except that the color in spirits is slightly different. They are yellowish with 2 very indistinct dusky longitudinal lines, the lower one being on the median line, and easily overlooked; a black caudal spot just above lateral line, 5 pearl-colored spots on opercle; anterior of spinous dorsal dusky; other fins immaculate. Apogon chrysopomus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., vu, 1854, 239, Macassar. Amia chrysopomus Bleeker, Atlas, vi1, 86, and Atlas, vir, pl. CCCXLIX, fig. 1. Apogon chrysopomus, Ginther Cat., 1, 240. 94. Amia hartzfeldi Bleeker. Nine specimens from Bacon (no. 2899, 4194, 4195, 4196 and 3810 to 3814; length 3.2 to 4 in.). These seem in every respect similar to specimens from Cavite, and agree entirely with Bleeker’s colored plate of this species. ; Amia hartzfeldi Bleeker Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., m1, 254, 1852, Amboyna. Apogon hartzfeldii, Giinther, Cat., 1, 242. 95. Amia savayensis (Giinther). Six specimens from Bacon (no. 3510, 3880 to 3883 and 3885; length 2.75 to 3.75 in.), all having the dark saddle over caudal peduncle, dark upper and lower margin to caudal, and a more or less distinct dusky line from eye to angle of preopercle; anterior spines of spinous dorsal dusky; anterior rays and tip of soft dorsal dusky; only two specimens show traces of vertical bands seen on some Samoan specimens. Apogon savayensis Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond. 1871, 656, Savaii, Samoa; Fische der Siidsee, 21, pl. 19, fig. B (Samoa; Tonga; Yap; Tahiti). 96. Amia sangiensis (Bleeker). One specimen from Bulan (no. 3889; length 3 in.). The dorsal formula is vir-1, 9, instead of vi-r, 8 or 9, as given, the first spine being very minute and easily overlooked. Apogon sangiensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., x11, 1857, 375, Sangi; Giinther, Cat., 1, 235 (Sea of Sangi). Amia sangiensis Bleeker Atlas, VII, 95, pl. CCCXIX, fig. 4. 97. Amia monochrous (Bleeker). Two specimens in poor condition from Bulan (no. 4015 and 4016; length 3.5 and 3.75 in.). Apogon monochrous Bleeker, Manado en Macassar, 34, Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Ned., 1856, Manado; Giinther, Cat., 1, 236. 98. Amia novee-guineze (Valenciennes). Five specimens from Bulan (no. 4007 and 4013; length 2.1 to 2.56). Apogon nove-guinee Valenciennes, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 53, pl. 4, 1832, New Guinea; Giinther, Cat., 1, 237. Ti oo FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 99. Amia jenkinsi Evermann & Seale, new species. Head 2.75 in length; depth 2.9; eye 3 in head; snout 4.6; interorbital 4.2; dorsal vi—1, 9; anal m1, 8; seales 3-25-5. Body oblong, mederately compressed; depth of caudal peduncle 2.4 in head; anterior profile from base of dorsal to tip of snout forming a straight line at an angle of about 15°; mouth large; lower jaw the longer; maxillary 2.1 in head, its posterior margin under middle of pupil, the width of distal end ‘equal to pupil; mandible 1.75 in head; minute teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines in 1 or 2 rows; 16 gillrakers on lower limb, the longest about 7 in head; posterior limb of preopercle finely denticulate, a few scattered denticulations at angle of anterior limb; opercle with an indistinct spine on posterior margin; body entirely covered with large weakly ctenoid scales; lateral line complete; 2 rows of scales on cheek; origin of spinous dorsal midway between tip of snout and posterior axil of soft dorsal, the longest spine 2.1 in head; longest ray of soft dorsal 1.75 in head; origin of anal under middle of soft dorsal, its base 2.25 in head, longest ray 2 in head; origin of Fie. 9.—Amia jenkinsi Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. ventrals under base of pectoral, their length 1.75 in head; pectoral 1.5 in head; caudal rounded, 1.5 in head. Color in spirits, dull yellowish, shaded with minute brown punctulations,a large quadrate black spot on middle of base of caudal; a round jet-black spot about size of pupil on each side of nuchal region; a wide distinct black line on side of snout from eye to mouth; tip of lower jaw black; spinous dorsal black; a shading of dusky on base of soft dorsal and anal, otherwise fins all yellowish. One specimen, the type, no. 55907, U.S. National Museum (field no. 4036), length 3.4 in., from Bulan, Sorsogon, P. I. Named for Dr. O. P. Jenkins, of Stanford University. 100. Amia endekatzenia (Bleeker). Three specimens from Bacon (no. 3839 and 3818; length 2.25 to 3.5 in.). A. endekatenia is undoubtedly a species distinct from A. fasciata, easily distinguished by the bluntly rounded profile of the head, the short snout, and the more rounded preopercle. Gillrakers 11 on lower limb (including nodules); only posterior limb of preopercle serrated. Our specimens are faded, but the 4 dusky longitudinal lines are quite perceptible in the large specimen; also the rather diffused dusky caudal spot. The small specimens have the spinous dorsal tipped with dusky and show indistinct traces of dusky vertical lines, as in A. quadrifasciata; the large specimen has ventrals tipped with dusky. A pogon endekatznia Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 111, 1852, 449, Banka. Amia endekatenia Bleeker Atlas, vu, 85, pl. cccx, fig. 2. a] He BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 101. Amia margaritophora (Bleeker). One specimen from Bacon (no. 4197; length 1.75 in.). Head,2.75 in length; depth 2.9; eye 3 in head; dorsal vi-r, 9; anal 1, 8; scales 3-25-7; teeth on palatines and vomer. Apogon margaritophorus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., vit, 1854, 363, Batjan. Amia margaritophorus Bleeker, Atlas, vi1, 91, pl. ccct, fig. 4; Giinther, Cat., 1, 234. 102. Apogonichthys mentalis Eyermann & Seale, new species. Head 2.75 in length; depth 3.4; eye 3.1 in head; snout 4; interorbital equal to snout; dorsal vi-1, 10; anal 11, 12 (the small anterior anal spine broken off in type); scales probably about 28, deciduous. Body oblong, moderately compressed; depth of caudal peduncle 3.2 in head; mouth large, the lower jaw the longer; maxillary 2.5 in head, its distal end under anterior margin of pupil; mandible 2.15 in head; minute teeth in jaws, none on vomer or palatines; 20 gillrakers on lower limb, the longest equal to pupil; no denticulations on preopercle; opercle with a single point; entire body covered with thin, very deciduous cycloid scales; lateral line probably complete, apparently a single row of scales on cheek; origin of spinous dorsal midway between tip of snout and axil of soft dorsal; longest dorsal spine 2.5 in head; base of soft dorsal Fia. 10.—A pogonichthys mentalis Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. 1.75 in head, its longest ray 2 in head; origin of anal under anterior third of soft dorsal, its longest ray 2.75 in head, its base 1.75; ventrals below base of pectoral, their length 2.1 in head; pectoral 1.3, the tip reaching beyond anal spines; caudal rounded. Color in spirits, yellowish white; 2 black longitudinal lines separated by pale yellow on side to below posterior end of soft dorsal; some dark dots on opercle, a shading of dusky at tip of snout and on tip of lower jaw; fins all uniform yellowish white. Two specimens, the type, no. 55905, U.S. National Museum (B. F. no. 3772, field no. 10696), a female full of mature eggs, and cotype no. 20002, Stanford University, each about 2.5 inches long, from Bacon, Sor- sogon, P. L.; collector Charles J. Pierson. 103. Archamia macropteroides (Bleeker). Thirty-eight specimens from Bacon (no. 3896, 3867, 3991, and 3884; length about 3 in.). Head 2.75 in length; depth 2.45; eye 3 in head; snout 5.5; dorsal vir, 10; anal um, 17; scales 4-27-9. Color in spirits, dirty yellowish, the body and head thickly punctulate with blackish; a large black spot at base of caudal and a similar but smaller one on shoulder, these both very distinct. Our specimens differ from those from Samoa, which Jordan & Seale identified with A. lineolata (Ehrenberg) in haying the body deeper, the eye larger, the head blunter, and the shoulder spot always distinct. A. bleekeri differs from the present species in the shape of the caudal spot and the more anterior position of the shoulder spot. Apogon macropteroides Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., m1, 1852, 724, Lepar Island, Banka; Giinther, Cat., 1, 245. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 15 104. Archamia bleekeri (Giinther). Masangui. Forty-eight specimens from Bacon (no. 3279 to 3306 and 3678; length 1.5 to 3 in.), and 2 from San Fabian (no. 3815; length 1.25 in.). These each have 16 anal rays, a round black spot at base of caudal, its outline sharply defined, a large black spot at anterior end of lateral line, touching upper edge of opercle. and a dusky line from eye to sub- operele. Resembling A. macropteroides but readily distinguished by the form and position of the caudal and humeral spots. Among our specimens are both males and females. Nearly mature eggs were found in the ovaries of some of the females, and a mass of mature eggs was discovered in the mouth of a male. It has long been asserted that the male of certain species of this family carries the eggs in his mouth during incubation. Meas- urements of 10 of these eggs gave an average diameter of 0.51 mm. Apogon bleekeri Giinther, Cat., I, 245, 1859, Batavia; Padang; Amboyna. Apogon macropterus, Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1, 168, 1851, and Atlas, vt, pl. cecx3vt, fig. 2. Family AMBASSIDA. 105. Ambassis urotenia Bleeker. One hundred and three specimens from Bacon (no. 3408 and 3621; length 1.75 to 3 in.). Head 2.75 in length; depth 2.75; eye 3.1 in head; snout 4.75; second dorsal spine 4 in length; dorsal vu-t, 9; anal m1, 10; scales 4-28-6, 2 rows on cheek. Ambassis urotenia Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., m1, 1852, 257, Amboyna; Atlas, vu, 135, pl. cccXLIy, fig. 2, and pl. cccrt, fig. 1; Giinther, Cat., I, 224. 106. Ambassis lungi (Jordan & Seale). Four specimens from Bacon (no. 3834 and 4192; length 1 to 3 in.). This species is easily distinguished by the single row of scales on cheek, the broken lateral line, and the color of the fins and back. ; Ambassis urotenia, Day, Fishes India, pl. xv, fig. 8; not of Bleeker. Priopis lungi Jordan & Seale, Bull. Bu. Fisheries, xxv1, 1906, 18, fig. 6, Cavite, Luzon. Family PEMPHERIDA. 107. Pempheris vanicolensis Cuvier & Valenciennes. Fight specimens from Bacon (no. 3213 to 3218, 3542 and 3762; length 3.75 to 6 in.), and 3 young from Bulan (no. 3817). Head 3.4 in length; depth 2.2; eye 2.6 in head; snout 6.5; anal m1, 43. No black spot on base of pectoral; anterior dorsal rays black-tipped; edge of anal black. These characters distinguish the species. Pempheris vanicolensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vi, 227 (305), 1831, Vanicolo. Family SERRANIDA. 108. Epinephelus merra Bloch. Four specimens from Bacon (no. 3630, 3631, 3632, and 4082; length 4 to 6.5 in.). Epinephelus merra Bloch, Ichth., vm, 17, pl. cccxx1, 1797; Boulenger, Cat., 1, 241, 1895. 109. Epinephelus tauvina (Forskil). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3633; length 1.4 in.). Perca tauvina Forskil, Deser. Anim., 39, 1775, Red Sea. Epinephelus tauvina, Boulenger, Cat., 1, 244. 110. Epinephelus fasciatus (Forskal). One fine specimen from Bacon (no. 4040; length 10.75 in.). Perca fasciata Forskaél, Deser. Anim., 40, 1775, Red Sea. Epinephelus fasciatus, Boulenger, Cat., I, 238. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. -I 111. Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch). Two fine specimens from San Fabian (no. 3224 and 3225; length 4.5 and 8.5 in.). Holocentrus maculatus Bloch, Ichth., 1v, 96, pl. CCXLH, fig. 3, 1797. Epinephelus maculatus, Boulenger, Cat., 1, 211. 112. Cephalopholis pachycentron (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Three specimens from Bacon (no. 3385, 3386, and 3850; length 5.5 to 5.75 in.). anal wi, 8; scales SO. The specimens are without light margin to fins and the ventrals Dorsal 1x, 15; extend to vent; otherwise they agree with the descriptions. Serranus pachycentron Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 219 (295), 1828 (type no. 7432, Paris Museum). Epinephelus pachycentrum, Boulenger, Cat., 1, 178. 113. Cephalopholis kendalli Evermann & Seale, new species. Head 2.66 in length; depth 2.85; eye 6.3 in head; snout 4.75; interorbital 7.5; maxillary 2.1, its distal end reaching beyond orbit, the distal width of maxillary 1.1 in orbit; dorsal 1x, 16; anal m1, 8; scales about 20-80-22, 45 pores. Body oblong, moderately compressed; depth of caudal peduncle 3 in head; anterior profile evenly curved from origin of dorsal to snout, slightly concave before and behind eye: mouth large, lower jaw slightly pro- rE oe i ae 2 ry Fig 11.— Cephalopholis kendalli Evermann & Seale, new species. Type jecting; several bands of sharp teeth in each jaw with a single curved canine on each side anteriorly, the inner teeth largest and depressible; teeth on vomer and palatines; gillrakers sharp, their inner surface spinulose, 9 developed on lower limb, the longest 2 in orbit; margin of preopercle rounded, finely denticulate, the dentic- ulations scarcely enlarged at angle; opercle with 3 distinct spines, the upper one more distant from center one and slightly more posterior than lower; opercular membrane very obtusely rounded, the upper margin concave. Body covered with fine ctenoid scales; head and nuchal region with eycloid scales; maxillary scaled, the scales on nuchal region and top of head very fine, about 80 in series in front of dorsal; origin of dorsal above base of pectoral, the spines increasing in length posteriorly, the second spine 1.35 in ninth, the first 2.5 in ninth; rays of soft dorsal much longer than spines, the longest ray 2.5 in head; second anal spine longest, 3 in head; longest anal ray 2 in head; origin of anal nearer to base of caudal than to origin of ventrals; pectoral 1.5 in head, tip extending slightly posterior to vent, but not reaching a line with origin of anal fin; ventrals 2 in head, their origin midway between tip of snout and base of sixth anal ray, their tips reaching to, but not beyond, vent: caudal rounded, 1.75 in head. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 77 Color in spirits, dark brown; large scattered blue spots with black margins on head, thorax, belly, and fins except spinous dorsal, which is dusky; no bars or spots on other portions of body, the spots on fins indis, tinct, except on pectoral, where they form rows; pectoral with a slight wash of yellowish with a black margin- otherwise the fins all blackish without a trace of lighter margins. This species is related to C. guttatus, from which it differs in the larger scales, longer ventrals, smaller eye, and in coloration. One fine specimen from Bacon, no. 55911, U.S. National Museum (B. F. no. 3722), length 7.5,in.; collector Charles J. Pierson. We take pleasure in naming this species for our associate, Dr. Wm. C. Kendall, of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. 114. Cephalopholis benack (Bloch). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3856; length 5 in.). Dodianus benack Bloch, Ichth., tv, 31, pl. cOXXv1, 1797. Epinephelus benack, Boulenger, Cat., 1, 180. 115. Cephalopholis obtusauris Evermann & Seale, new species. Head 2.55 in length; depth 2.8; eye 5.3 in head; snout 3.9; interorbital 1.75 in snout; dorsal rx, 15; anal 111, 9; scales about 12-95-26, with 48 pores in lateral line. Body oblong, moderately compressed; depth of caudal peduncle 2.95 in head; body and head covered with minute scales with rough margins; lateral line with a distinct curve above pectoral; head large; mouth very large; maxillary 2 in head, its distal end under middle of eye, its width 1.3 in eye; mandible 1.85; small Fig. 12.— Cephalopholis obtusauris Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines, outer series on upper jaw slightly enlarged, with 2 canines on each side anteriorly, and with some enlarged depressible teeth posterior to them; a canine on each side of symphysis of lower jaw, with a row of larger depressible teeth among the small ones on sides; 14 gillrakers on lower limb (counting knobs), the longest equal to pupil; preopercle slightly rough; opercle with 3 spines, the lower one a little anterior to the others, the upper one more removed from center one; opercular flap very obtusely rounded, not ending in a sharp point; origin of dorsal fin on a line with axil of pectoral, and midway between tip of snout and base of eighth dorsal ray; longest dorsal spine 3 in head, the anterior spine less than diameter of eye; longest dorsal ray 2.3 in head; origin of anal slightly nearer base of ventral than to base of caudal, and on a line with base of third dorsal ray; base of anal 2.4 in head, its longest ray 2 in head, the second anal spine the strongest and slightly the longest; ventrals 1.75 in head, their tips reaching a little past vent, but not to base of anal fin; pectoral 1.3 in head, the tip on a line with origin of anal fin; caudal rounded, 1.75 in head. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. -1 6) Color in spirits, uniform yellowish, with slight wash of dull brown, evidently uniform red in life; fins unmarked. Related to C. aurantius Cuvier & Valenciennes, but with shorter premaxillary and obtuse flap to opercle, and fewer scales in lateral line. One specimen, the type, no. 55910, U.S. National Museum (Bureau of Fisheries no. 3541; length 9.15 in.) from Bacon, Sorsogon, P. I.; collector Charles J. Pierson. 116. Cromileptes altivelis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3763; length 3.75 in.). Color in spirits, yellowish, the spots brown, large, and sparsely placed. Serranus altivelis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1, 241 (324), pl. 35, 1828, Java. Cromileptes altivelis, Bleeker, Atlas, vu, 30, and Atlas, vil, pl. cccxxu1, fig. 3; Boulenger, Cat., 1, 271. 117. Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3750; length 3 in.). Perca sexlineata Thunberg, K. Vetensk. Acad. n. Handl., x11, 1792, 142, pl. v, no locality. Grammistes sexlineatus, Boulenger, Cat., 1, 346. 118. Psammoperca waigiensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). One small specimen from Bulan (no. 3759; length 1.85 in.). Labrax waigiensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 61 (83), 1828, Waigiou. Psammoperca waigiensis, Bleeker, Atlas, v1, 108, pl. cccvt, fig. 2. Psammoperca vaigiensis, Boulenger, Cat., 1, 365 (Cebu). 119. Plectropoma calcariferum (Bloch). Mulmul. One specimen from Zamboanga (no. 4065; length 13.5 in.). Holocentrus calcarifer Bloch, Ichth., 1v, 80, pl. cCXLIv, 1797, Japan. Lates calcarifer, Day, Fishes India, 7, pl. 1, fig. 1; Boulenger, Cat., 1, 363. 120. Pharopteryx nigricans Riippell. One specimen from Bacon (no. 3837; length 1.5 in.). Pharopteryr nigricans Rippell, Atlas, Fische, 15, pl. Iv, fig. 2, 1828, Red Sea. Plesiops nigricans, Giinther, Cat., 11, 363; Boulenger, Cat., 1, 340. Family PRIACANTHID. 121. Priacanthus hamrur (Forskal). One specimen from Bulan (no. 3267; length 7.5 in.). Head 3 in length; depth 2.75; eye 2.56 in head; snout 3; interorbital 3.75; gillrakers 15 on lower limb of first arch; preopercular spine 2 in pupil; tenth dorsal spine 2.5 in head, or 1.7 times length of second; longest soft rays of dorsal a third longer than longest spine; pectoral 1.9 in head; ventrals 1.1, the spine 1.8; third anal longer than sixth dorsal spine, nearly equal to tenth; dorsal spines smooth, the anal and ventrals spinulose. Ventrals black on distal third and a black spot in axil; dorsal and anal margined with black. Boulenger gives the number of gillrakers on lower limb of first arch as 18 to 23. Our specimen has 15. This range is great and may represent 2 or more species. Sciena hamrur Forskal, Descr. Anim., 45,1775, Red Sea. Priacanthus hamrur, Boulenger, Cat., 1, 355. Family LUTIANID. 122. Diacope sebe Cuvier & Valenciennes. Three fine specimens from Bulan (no. 4072 to 4074; length 4.75 to 5.25 in.). Diacope sebx# Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 310 (411), 1828, Waigiou. Lutianus sebe#, Day, Fishes India, 30, pl. 1X, fig. 3. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 7 ile) 123. Lutianus quinquelineatus (Bloch). Five specimens from Bulan (no. 3535, 3311, 3272, 3273, and 3248; length 6 to 6.5 in.), and one from Bacon (no. 3312; length 6.5 in.). v Easily distinguished by the 5 blue stripes along side and the large black blotch under beginning of soft dorsal. Holocentrus quinquelineatus Bloch, Ichth., Iv, 84, tab. CCXXXIX, 1797. Mesoprion quinquelineatus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 336 (442) (Java); Gtinther, Cat., 1, 209. Lutianus quinquelineatus, Day, Fishes India, 40, pl. xu, fig. 3; Bleeker, Atlas, viI, 56, pl. CCCXLII, fig. 4. 124. Lutianus decussatus (Kuhl & Van Hasselt). Buegsang. Four specimens from Bacon (no. 3954 and 3264 to 3266; length 5.75 to 7 in.). Easily distinguished by the 5 or 6 broad longitudinal brownish bands, the upper 3 crossed by short vertical bars, and a black spot on base of caudal. Mesoprion decussatus Kuhl & Van Hasselt in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 369 (487), 1828, Java; Giinther, Cat., 1, 210. Lutianus decussatus, Day, Fishes India, 47, pl. x1v, fig. 4; Bleeker, Atlas, v1, 72, pl. cccXXXvIII, fig. 4. 125. Lutianus monostigma (Cuvier & Valenciennes). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3640; length 6.5 in.). No teeth on tongue; dark spot on the lateral line smaller than in LZ. johnii, which has distinct teeth on tongue. Mesoprion monostigma Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 337 (446), 1828, Seychelles. Lutianus lioglossus Bleeker, Atlas, vii1, 70, pl. CCCXLIV, fig. 4, Bintang, Java, Celebes, Amboyna. 126. Lutianus fulviflamma (Forskal). Bitilla. One specimen from Bacon (no. 4168; length 10.25 in.), and 2 from Zamboanga (no. 3459 and 3443; length 6 and 7 in.). Sciena fulviflamma Forskal, Descr. Anim., 45, 1775, Red Sea. Mesoprion fulviflamma, Giinther, Cat., 1, 201, in part. Lutianus fulviflamma, Day, Fishes India, 41, pl. xu, fig. 6; Bleeker, Atlas, v11, 65, pl. cccXxLtv, fig. 3. 127. Lutianus johnii (Bloch). Bitilla; Manila. Two specimens from Jolo (no. 4041 and 4042; length 8 and 10 in.), one from Bacon (no. 4166; length 10 in.), and 2 from Bulan (no. 3539 and 3540; length 5.5 and 6.2 in.). Readily distinguished by its having the rows of scales parallel with the back; teeth on tongue. Anthias johnii Bloch, Ichth., 1x, 97, pl. cccXviil, 1797. Mesoprion johnii, Giinther, Cat., 1,200. Lutianus johnii, Bleeker, Atlas, vi11, 49, pl. cccxxxviit, fig. 3; Day, Fishes India, 42, pl. x11, fig. 1. 128. Lutianus luzonius Evermann & Seale, new species. Head 2.55 in length; depth 2.55; eye 4 in head; snout 3.1; interorbital 4.8; dorsal x, 14; anal m, 8; scales 7-48-16; teeth on tongue. Body oblong, moderately elevated and compressed; dorsal surface evenly curved; depth of caudal peduncle 3.18 in head; jaws equal; maxillary scarcely reaching anterior margin of pupil, its length 2.55 in head; greatest width of premaxillary not more than 2 in pupil; mandible 2.5 in head; preorbital 1.75 in eye; teeth on jaws, vomer, palatines, and tongue, those of jaws in a single series, small, canine-shaped, the anterior ones of upper jaw enlarged; gillrakers 11 on lower limb, the longest about equal to pupil; notch of preopercle very deep and distinct, the lower limb shghtly produced backward, rounded, and rather strongly toothed; knob of inter- opercle large and strong; opercle ending in a single sharp point; origin of dorsal slightly anterior to origin of pectoral, the distance between tip of snout and first dorsal spine scarcely greater than length of head, longest spine 2.7 in head, longest soft ray 3.5; origin of anal midway between origin of ventrals and base of caudal, its base 3.75 in base of dorsal, the longest ray 2.75 in head, the second spine longest and strongest, 2.5 in head; ventrals 1.75 in head, their tips reaching vent; pectoral 1.24, the tip scarcely reaching line with origin of anal; caudal emarginate, 1.3 in head. sO BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Color in spirits, dull yellowish white, with a round black spot about size of eye entirely above lateral line under anterior part of soft dorsal; scales with slightly darker centers, giving an appearance of fine indistinct oblique dusky lines above lateral line and longitudinal ones below; a distinct black spot occupying upper base and axil of pectoral; fins uniform, without marking. Three fine specimens from Bacon (no. 3229, 3230, 3675; length 5.75 to 6.8 in.). This species is related to L. russelli (Bleeker), from which it appears to differ in the deeper preopercular notch, the strong interopercular knob, the long pectoral fin, and in coloration. ee eS Ny tees Fig. 13.—Lutianu: !uconius Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. Type, no. 55918, U.S. National Museum (original no. 3230), a specimen 6.8 inches long, from Bacon, Sorso- gon, P. I.; collector Charles J. Pierson. Cotypes, no. 4539, Bureau of Fisheries, and no. 20003, Stanford University. 129. Lutianus furvicaudatus Fowler. One specimen from Bacor. (no. 3785; length 8.5 in.). This species is distinguished from L. lwnulatus by the shorter maxillary and scarcely perceptible lingual teeth. We have examined Mr. Fowler’s type. Lutianus furvicaudatus Fowler, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., vol. x11, 1904 (June 10), 525, pl. xvin, lower fig., Padang. (Type, 73 in. long, no. 27596, Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.). 130. Lutianus gibbus (Forskal). One specimen from Bacon (no. 4035; length 5 in.). Sciena gibba Forskal, Descr. Anim., 46, 1775, Red Sea. Genyoroge gibba, Giinther, Cat., I, 180. Mesoprion gibbus, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 12, taf. 12, 13 (fig. a). 131. Lutianus erythropterus Bloch. Oue specimen from San Fabian (no. 3343; length 5.8 in.). Lutianus erythropterus Bloch, Ichth., vi, 93, pl. CCXLIX, 1797, Japan; Day, Fishes India, 32, pl. x, figs.1 and 2; not of Bleeker. Mesoprion erythropterus, Gunther, Cat., 1, 205. 132. Lutianus lunulatus (Mungo Park). Five specimens from Bacon (no. 3309, 3310, and 4135 to 4137; length 6.5 to 7.5 in.), and one from Bulan (no. 3517; length 7 in.). Perca lunulata Mungo Park, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 111, 1797, 35, pl. 6, Sumatra. Lutianus lunulatus, Bleeker, Atlas, VII, pl. ccxcev, fig. 1, and Atlas, vim, 66 (Sumatra; Celebes). FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 81 133. Lutianus vitta (Quoy & Gaimard). Bitilla. Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3718 and 3719; length 5.75 and 6.1 in.), one from Bulan (no. 3595; length 5 in.), and one from Zamboanga (no. 4096; length 9 in.). Serranus vitta Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 315, pl. 58, fig. 3, 1824, Waigiou. Diacope vitta Temminck «& Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Pisces, 13, pl. v1, fig. 1. Lutianus vitta, Day, Fishes India, 46, pl. x1v, fig. 2. 134. Lutianus lineatus (Quoy & Gaimard). Alangot. One specimen from San Fabian (no. 4125; length 7.5 in.). This specimen is abnormal, in that it has but 9 dorsal spines; teeth on tongue. Diacope lineata Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 309, 1824, Rawak et Waigiou. Mesoprion lineatus, Giinther, Cat., 1, 193. Lutjanus lineatus, Bleeker, Atlas, Vi, pl. cccrv, fig. 4, and Atlas, vi1, 69 (East Indies). 135. Lutianus amboinensis (Bleeker). One specimen from Bulan (no. 3226; length 6.95 in.). Dorsal with 11 spines; no teeth on tongue. Mesoprion amboinensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 11, 1852, 259, Amboyna. Lutjanus amboinensis Bleeker, Atlas, vil, pl. cccxvin, fig. 2, and Atlas, vil, 57 (East Indies). Genyoroge amboinensis, Giinther, Cat., 1, 183 (Amboyna). 136. Lutianus lineolatus (Riippell). Four specimens from Bacon (no. 3358, 3359, 3361, and 3362; length 6 to 6.5 in.), and 6 from Bulan (no. 3245 to 3247, 3605, and 3596; length 5.75 to 6.1 in.). Diacope lineolata Riippell, Atlas, Fische, 76, pl. 19, fig. 3, 1828, Massaua; not of Bleeker. Mesoprion lineolatus, Giinther, Cat., 1, 205. Lutianus lineolatus, Day, Fishes India, 35, pl. x1, figs. 1 and 2. 137. Lutianus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider). One small specimen (no. 4006; length 1.75 in.), from Bulan, probably the young of this species. Sparus malabaricus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 278, 1801, ‘‘in mari Indico.” Lutianus malabaricus, Day, Fishes India, 31, pl. 1x, fig. 4. 138. Gymnocranius lethrinoides (Bleeker). Three specimens from Bulan (no. 4046 to 4048; length 4.5 to 6 in.). Dentex lethrinoides Bleeker, Sparoiden, 11, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXIII, 1850, Batavia. Gymnocranius lethrinoides Bleeker, Atlas, VIII, 96, pl. CCCXXXM, fig. 1, and pl. cccxXxxXIV, fig. 3. 139. Pinjalo typus (Bleeker). One specimen from San Fabian (no. 3344; length 6.5 in.), and one from Bulan (no. 4038; length 11.5 in.). Czsio typus Bleeker, Menoiden, 10, Verh. Bat. Gen., XxiII, 1850, Batavia; Day, Fishes India, 94, pl. xxIv, fig. 4; Ginther, Cat., I, 391; Bleeker, Atlas, vu, pl. ccxcm, fig. 3, and Atlas, VIII, 33. 140. Nemipterus nemurus (Bleeker). Pukit. * Two specimens from Jolo (no. 3748 and 3778; length, with caudal filament, 12.5 and 13.5 in.). Dentex nemurus Bleeker, Amboina, 49; Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Neerl., 11, 1857; Atlas, vi, 87, pl. cccxxxv, fig. 4, Amboyna. Synagris nemurus, Giinther, Cat., 1, 378. 141. Nemipterus worcesteri Evermann & Seale, new species. Head 3.45 in length; depth 3.75; eye 3.75in head; snout 2.5; interorbital 1.9in snout; dorsal x, 9; anal 9; scales 4-48-11. Body oblong, moderately compressed; depth of caudal peduncle 3.35 in head; anterior profile of head not evenly rounded, being somewhat convex in front of eye; mouth rather large, the lower jaw slightly the longer; B. B. F. 1906—6 82 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. maxillary 2.85 in head; mandible 3; distal end of maxillary not reaching to below anterior border of eye; preorbital 3.75; bands of small teeth in jaws, with small canines anteriorly, and a row of slightly enlarged curved teeth in each side; gillrakers represented by wide blunt knobs, 7 on lower limb; body covered by thin delicate scales, 3 rows on cheek; preopercle entire; opercle with a single spine at posterior margin; origin of dorsal on line with origin of pectoral, longest dorsal spine 2.1 in head, the longest ray 2.5; webs of dorsal fin searcely incised; origin of anal slightly nearer origin of ventral than base of caudal, its longest ray 3.25 in head; base of anal 2.95 in base of dorsal; ventrals 1.4 in head, their origin below pectoral, their tips not reaching vent; pectoral 1.45 in head; caudal forked; none of the fins with elongate rays. . Color in spirits, yellowish white with slight tint of brown above; no stripes; a wide deep black band entirely encircling caudal peduncle, the black extending out slightly on upper and lower rays of caudal. Fig. 14.— Nemipterus worcesteri Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. One specimen (no. 4124; length 8.5 in.), from Bacon, Sorsogon, P. I., type no. 55917, U.S. National Museum; collector Charles J. Pierson. We take pleasure in naming this species for the Hon. Dean C. Worcester, of the Philippine Commission, in recognition of his valuable work in promoting the study of the zoology of the Philippine Islands. 142. Nemipterus teniopterus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Baga. One specimen from San Fabian (no. 3512; length 8 in.). Dentex teniopterus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v1, 183 (246), locality unknown. Synagris teniopterus, Giinther, Cat., 1, 374 (N. E. coast of Australia; Molucea Sea). 148. Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch). One specimen from San Fabian (no. 3436; length 7.5 in.). Sparus japonicus Bloch, Iechth., pl. CCLXXvII, fig. 1. Denter blochi Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 11, 1851, 176, Batavia; Atlas, vit, 90, pl. ccCxXx, fig. 4. Synagris japonicus, Giinther, Cat., 1, 378; Day, Fishes India, 92, pl. xx1v, fig. 2. 144. Nemipterus ovenii (Bleeker). Two specimens from Bulan (no. 3371 and 3372; length 6.25 and 7.5 in.). Denter oventi Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., vu, 1854, 246, Celebes; Atlas, vill, 86, pl. CCCXXVIII, fig. 5. Synagris oventi, Ginther, Cat., ', 375. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. fs CO ivy) 145. Czsio cuning (Bloch). Fifteen specimens from Bacon (no. 3624 to 3636, 3400 to 3402, 3641, 3642, 3654 to 3657, 3486 to 3488, 4044 and 4045; length 4.75 to 10 in.) and one from Zamboanga (no. 4043; length 10 in.). Sparus cuning Bloch, Ichth., pl. ccLx1, fig. 1. Czsio cuning, Day, Fishes India, 95. 146. Czsio cerulaurens (Lacépéde). Sulik. Eighteen specimens from Bacon (no. 3481 to 3485, 3543 to 3548, 3473, 3474, 3985, and 4114 to 4117; length 4.75 to 8 in.), one from Zamboanga (no. 3419), and one from San Fabian (no. 3708). Czsio cerulaurens Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 86, 1829; Giinther, Cat., 1, 392; Bleeker, Atlas, vt, 39, pl. cccxLvu, fig. 4. 147. Czsio chrysozona Kuhl & Van Hasselt. Ten specimens from Bacon (no. 3702 to 3707, 4010, 4011, 3930, and 3931; length 5 to 6 in.). Czsio chrysozona Kuhl & Van Hasselt in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nar. Poiss., v1, 331 (440) Indian Archipelago; Giinther Cat., I, 392; Day, Fishes India, 95, pl. xxiv, fig. 5. Family HAMULIDE. 148. Terapon jarbua (Forskil). Bungao; Siran banlaonon; Belaque. Two specimens from Bulan (no. 4104 and 4105; length 5 and 7 in.) and 3 from San Fabian (no. 3261 3265, and 4145; length 4 to 7 in.). Sciezna jarbua Forskal, Deser. Anim., 50, 1775, Red Sea Therapon servus, Giinther, Cat., 1, 278. Therapon jarbua, Day, Fishes of India, 69, pl. xvur, fig. 4. 149. Terapon puta Cuvier & Valenciennes. Dacoson. Twenty specimens from Bulan (no. 3695; length 2.1 to 2.75 in.), 60 from Bacon (no. 3701; length 2 to 2.45 in.), and 2 from San Fabian (no. 3738 and 3838; length 4.75 and 5.1 in.). Therapon puta Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 98 (131) East Indies; Day, Fishes India, 68, pl. xv, fig. 3. Therapon ghebul Ehrenberg in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., m1, 99 (133); Giinther, Cav., , 281. Therapon trivittatus, Giinther Cat., I, 280. 150. Terapon quadrilineatus (Bloch). Dacoson; Agaac. Twenty specimens from Bulan (no. 4198 and 3708; length 2.1 to 2.75 in.) and 2 specimens from San Fabian, (no. 3827 and 3975; length 5.75 in.). Ventrals reaching vent. Holocentrus quadrilineatus Bloch, Ichth., v1, 63, pl. ccxxxvul, fig. 2, 1797, no locality. Therapon quadrilineatus, Giinther, Cat., 1, 282; Day, Fishes India, 70, pl. xvmt, fig. 5. 151. Terapon theraps (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Five specimens from Bulan (no. 4200; length 2.1 in.) and 1 from Bacon (no. 4199; length 2.75 in.). In this species the ventrals do not reach the vent, which is located midway between base of caudal and origin of ventrals. In 7’. quadrilineatus the ventrals reach the vent, which is located much nearer to origin of ventrals than to base of caudal. Therapon theraps Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 97 (129), pl. 53; Giinther, Cat., 1, 274; Day, Fishes India, 70, pl). xvii, fig. 6. 152. Pomadasis maculatus (Bloch). Lacsagu. Four specimens from San Fabian (no. 3334, 3335, 3337, and 3338; length 6 to 7 in.) Anthias maculatus Bloch, Ichth., x, 7, pl. cccxxv1, fig. 2, 1797, East Indies. Pristipoma maculatum, Giinther, Cat., 1, 293 (Torres Strait; Amboyna); Bleeker, Atlas, v1, pl. cccvml, fig. 2. Pomadasys maculatus, Bleeker, Atlas, 111, 27. CO = BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 153. Pentapus caninus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Three specimens from Bacon (no. 3935, 3936, and 3847; length 4.9 to 5.5 in.). Head 3.5 in length; depth 3.6; scales 3-44-12; dorsal x, 9; anal im, 7. Scolopsides caninus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 266 (354), New Guinea. Scolopsis caninus, Giinther, Cat., 1, 364. Pentapus bifasciatus Bleeker, Atlas, v1I, 103, pl. ccxcv, fig. 5. 154. Pentapus setosus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Bakutut. Two specimens from Bulan (no. 3844 and 3846; length 5 and 5.1 in.) and 1 from Jolo (no. 3204; length 7.95in.). Dorsal x, 9; anal iu, 7; scales 45; depth 3.1; head 3.1. Small specimens show a dark spot at base of caudal. Pentapus setosus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VI, 200 (270), Batavia; Giincher, Cat., 1, 382; Bleeker, Atlas, VIII, 101, pl. cecxxry, fig. 1: 155. Plectorhynchus pictus (Thunberg). One specimen from Bulan (no. 4142; length 7 in.), and one from Jolo (no. 4068; length 9 in.). Perca picta Thunberg, K. Vetensk. Acad. n. Handl., x11, 143, pl. 5, 1792, no locality. Diagramma pictum, Giinther, Cat., 1, 327. Plectorhynchus pictus, Bleeker, Atlas, vi11, 24, pl. ccCXXIX, fig. 4. 156. Plectorhynchus chrysotznia (Bleeker). Two small specimens from Bulan (no. 4201; length 2 and 3.2 in.). Diagramma chrysotenia Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1x, 1855, 303, Celebes. Plectorhynchus chrysotenia, Bleeker, Atlas, vim, 16, pl. CCCXXIX, fig. 1; Giinther, Cat., 1, 333. 157. Plectorhynchus goldmanni (Bleeker). Manila. One specimen from Jolo (no. 3219; length 8 in.), and one from San Fabian (no. 4150; length 7 in.): Diagramma goldmanni Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., Iv, 602, 1853, Ternate; Giinther, Cat., 1, 331. Plectorhynchus goldmanni Bleeker, Atlas, vi11, 21, and Atlas, vu, pl. ccxcy, fig. 2. 158. Plectorhynchus celebicus Bleeker. iting. Two specimens from Jolo (no. 4064; length 2.5 and 10.5 in.). This species is easily distinguished from P. chrysotenia, in which the caudal is not notched. Plectorhynchus celebicus Bleeker, Ned. Tijds. Dierk., 1v, 1873, 285, Celebes; Atlas, vu, 18, pl. cccXXIX, fig. 3. 159. Scolopsis cancellatum (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3420 and 3887; length 4.2 and 6.75 in.), and 2 froni Bulan (no. 3209 and 4071; length 6.1 and 6.2 in.). Scolopsides cancellatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Vv, 264 (351), 1830, Sandwich Islands, Waigiou and Rauwac, Scolopsis cancellatus, Giinther, Cat., 1, 361 (Sumatra); Day, Fishes India, 86, pl. xxu, fig. 6. 160. Scolopsis bilineatum (Bloch). One specimen from Bulan (no. 3875; length 5.75 in.). Anthias bilineatus Bloch, Ichth., x, 1, pl. cccxxv, fig. 1, 1797, Japan. Scolopsis bilineatus, Giinther, Cat., 1,357 (Amboyna; Celebes); Day, Fishes India, 85, pl. xx, fig. 3 (Andamans). 161. Scolopsis margaritiferum (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Four specimens from Bacon (no. 3736, 3360, 3537, and 3499; length 7.5 to 8 in.), and 2 from Bulan (no. 4134 and 3796; length 7.5 and 8.2 in.). Depth 2.5; head 3.2; dorsal x, 9; anal 111, 7; scales 37. Scolopsides margaritifer Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 254 (337), Waigiou. Scolopsis margaritifer, Giinther, Cat., 1, 355; Bleeker, Atlas, vil, pl. cccXVvN, fig. 2, and Atlas, vi1I, 3. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 85 162. Scolopsis luzonia Jordan & Seale. Thirteen specimens from Bacon (no. 3730 to 3733, 3403 to 3406, 3829 to 3831, 4001 and 4017; length 4 to 6 in.), and one from San Fabian (no. 3332). A prominent serrated ridge on maxillary. Scolopsis luzonia Jordan & Seale, Bull. Bu. Fisheries, xxv1, 1906,Cavite, Luzon. (Collected by Dr. Lung; type, no. 9243, Stanford Univ.). 163. Scolopsis monogrammus (Kuhl & Van Hasselt). One specimen from Bulan (no. 3277; length 5.85 in.). Head 3 in length; depth 2.8; eye 3.5 in head; snout 3; interorbital equals eye; scales 5-48-11, 6 rows on cheek. Color in spirits, yellowish; an indistinct dusky band almost width of eye from head to caudal. This species is close to S. personatus, from which it differs in the greater depth, narrower interorbital, smaller scales, and in having 6 rows of scales (instead of 5) on the cheek. Scolopsides monogramma Kuhl & Van Hasselt in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Vv, 254(338) Java; Giinther, Cat., 1, 358. Scolopsis monogramma, Bleeker, Atlas, v1, 11, pl. cCCXXxv, fig. 3. 164. Scolopsis bulanensis Evermann & Seale, new species. Head 3.25 in length; depth 3.3; eye 2.75 in head; interorbital 3.5; snout 3.55; dorsal x, 9; anal m1, 7; scales 4-43-10. Body oblong, moderately compressed; depth of caudal peduncle 3 in head; anterior profile of head slightly convex above eyes; mouth rather small, jaws equal; maxillary 3.75 in head, its distal end not reaching to Fig. '5.—Scolopsis bulanensis Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. anterior margin of orbit; mandible 2.95 in head; teeth villiform in jaws and on vomer; preorbital width 3 in eye, with one strong spine above and 2 smaller ones below, the large one reaching slightly past middle of eye; gillrakers consisting of blunt knobs, about 7 on lower arch; posterior margin of preopercle denticulate; opercle with a single spine at its posterior margin; body fully scaled, 5 series on cheek; scales on top of head minute, those on belly larger; vertical fins unscaled, but fitting into scaly sheath; origin of dorsal slightly posterior to origin of pectoral, longest spine 2.75 in head, longest ray 2.75; origin of anal nearer origin of ventrals than to base of caudal, its longest ray 2.7 in head, the second anal spine longest and strongest, 2.5 in head, base of anal 3.6 in base of dorsal; ventrals 1.3 in head, their tip falling far short of anal; pectoral 1.35 in head, scarcely reaching tip of ventrals; caudal forked. Color in spirits, dull yellowish brown; an indistinct dusky longitudinal line on side; short oblique black lines between pectoral fin and lateral line; an oblong white blotch extending forward and downwarc from posterior axil of dorsal to near middle of body; a black spot at axil of pectoral, another on posterior portion of operele just in front of pectoral; fins unmarked. &6 BULLETIN OF THF BUREAU OF FISHERIES. This species is related to S. personatus, from which it differs in the larger eye, more slender body, and the color. One specimen, the type, no. 55909, U.S. National Museum (original no. 3845), 4.25 inches long, from Bulan, Sorsogon, P. I.; collector Charles J. Pierson. Family SPARID. 165. Sparus calamara Russell. One specimen from Bulan (no. 38258; length 6.5 in.). Pectoral longer than head; ventrals reaching past vent. Sparus calamara Russell, Fishes Coromandel, I, pl. 92, 1803, Coromandel. Chrysophrys calamara, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v1, 85 (117); Gunther, Cat., I, 493. Chrysophrys berda var. calamara, Day, Fishes India, 140, pl. xxxv, fig. 2 (Sind and Malabar). 166. Lethrinus nematacanthus Bleeker. Three specimens from Bulan (no. 3457, 3458, and 3946; length 4.75 to 6 in.). This species is easily distinguished by the elongate second dorsal spine which is contained 1.5 in head. A black spot between pectoral and lateral line. Lethrinus nematacanthus Bleeker, Ichth, Japon., 90, Verh. Bat. Gen., xxvi, 1854, Japan; Bleeker, Atlas, vu, 114, pl. cccxxxvul, fig. 3; Giinther, Cat., 1, 456 (Louisiade Archipelago). 167. Lethrinus richardsoni Giinther. Twenty-five specimens from Bacon (no. 3205 to 3208, 3236, 3237, 3238, 3313, 3317 to 3323, 3329 to 3341, 3527 to 3530, 3820, 3821, and 3967; length 3.75 to 6.5 in.). Lethrinus hematopterus, Richardson, Voy. Sulphur, 144, pl. 64, fig. 1; not of Temaminck & Schlegel. Lethrinus richardsonii Gunther, Cat., 1, 456, 1859, China; Hongkong; Jordan & Evermann, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xxv, 1903, 850 (Formosa). i 168. Lethrinus mensii Bleeker. Four specimens from Bacon (no. 3526, 3452, 3934, and 3969; length 4.5 to 6.5 in.). Lethrinus mensii Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1x, 1855, 435, Batjan; Bleeker, Atlas, vu, pl. ccxcvun, fig. 3, and Atlas, vul, 115; Giinther, Cat.,1, 455 (Copang; Timor; Louisiade Archipelago); Fische der Stidsee, 64, pl. 46, fig. A (Paumotu; Harvey; Pelew: Kingsmill; Society Islands). 169. Lethrinus variegatus Ehrenberg. One specimen from San Fabian (no. 3326; length 6.5 in.). Known by its slender body, long snout, and peculiar conical lateral teeth. Lethrinus variegatus Ehrenberg in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v1, 213 (287), Massauah, Suez; Bleeker, Atlas, vil, pl. cccxvil, fig. 1, and Atlas, vim, 117, pl. cccxxvm, fig. 3, and pl. cccxxx, fig. 2. 170. Lethrinus hypselopterus Bleeker. One specimen from ‘‘ Philippine Islands’’ (no local label, no. 4169; length 10.2 in.). Head 3 in length; depth 2.6; eye 4 in head; snout 2; preorbital 2.4; scales 6-46-14; dorsal x, 9; anal ut, 7; pectoral nearly as long as head. Lethrinus hypselopterus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Dierk., Iv, 326, Sumatra; Atlas, vi, 114, pl. cecxxx, fig. 3. 171. Lethrinus harak (lorskal). Bakutut. One specimen from Jolo (no. 4109; length 9 in.), 9 from Bacon (no. 3316, 3453 to 3456, 3970, 3968 and 3525; length 2.25 to 6.75 in.), and 2 from San Fabian (no. 3338; length 2.5 and 2.75 in.). Sciena harak Forskal, Descr. Anim., 52, 1775, Red Sea. Lethrinus harak, Giinther, Cat.,1, 458 (Red Sea); Bleeker, Atlas, vill, 119, pl. cccxxvu, fig. 3; Day, Fishes of India, 137, pl. XXX, fig. 3. -~I FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 8 172. Lethrinus ornatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. One specimen from Bulan (no. 3862; length 1.95 in.). Lethrinus ornatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v1, 231 (310), Java; Bleeker, Atlas, vil, 118, pl. CccL, fig. 4. Lethrinus xanthotznia Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 11, 1851, 176, Sumatra; Giinther, Cat., 1, 461. 173. Lethrinus mahsenoides Ehrenberg. One specimen from Philippines (no local label, no. 4167; length 10.2 in.). Lethrinus mahsenoides Ehrenberg in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. Cat., 1, 464 (Philippines; Amboyna); Bleeker, Sparoiden., 15, Ver. Bat. VI, 212 (286), no locality given; Gunther, Gen., XXIII, 1850. Family SCLENIDE. 174. Umbrina dussumieri Cuvier & Valenciennes. bof. Five specimens from Sav Fabian (no. 4097 to 4101; length 4 to 5.25 in.). Umbrina dussumieri Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1X, 355 (481), Coromandel; Giinther, Cat., 1, 278; Bleeker, Atlas, 1x, pl. cccCLXxxvu, fig. 4; Day, Fishes of India, 183, pl. XLmI, figs. 2 and 3. 175. Umbrina russelli Cuvier & Valenciennes. Belaque. Three specimens from Sap Fabian (no. 3268 to 3270; length 4.75 and 6.1 in.). Umbrina russelli Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 132 (178), Coromandel; Giinther, Cat., 1, 278; Day, Fishes of India, 183, pl. xLin, fig. 4. Scizxna russelli Bleeker, Atlas, 1X, pl. CCCLXXXV1, fig. 2. 176. Otolithus argenteus Kuhl & Van Hasselt. One specimen from Bacon (no. 3441; length 9 in.). Otolithus argenteus Kuhl & Van Hasselt in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Vv, 47 (62), Batavia; Gunther, Cat., I, 310; Bleeker, Atlas, 1X, pl. CCCLXXXV, fig. 5. 177. Johnius belengeri (Cuvier & Valenciennes). bot. One specimen from San Fabian (no. 3709; length 7.75 in.). Corvina belengerii Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vy, 89 (120); Giinther, Cat., 11, 303 (Malabar). Johnius belengeri, Bleeker, Atlas, 1X, pl. CCCLXXXVII, fig. 1. Family SILLAGINID®. 178. Sillago macrolepis Bleeker. Two specimens from Bulan (no. 4094 and 4095; length 7.25 and 8 in.). Eye 4 in head, 1.75 in snout; snout 2.35 in head; scales about 60. Sillago macrolepis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., xvi, 1858, 166, Bali, and Atlas, 1X, pl. CCCLXXXIX, fig. 1; Giinther, Cat., II, 246. Family MULLID®. 179. Mulloides vanicolensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Two specimens from Zamboanga (no. 4090 and 4091; length 9 and 10 in.). Jpeneus vanicolensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vit, 391 (521), Vanicolo, Mulloides vanicolensis, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xxuI, pt. 1, 1903 (July 29, 1905), 254. 180. Mulloides samoensis Giinther. Tuhac. One specimen from San Fabian (no. 4130; length 5.55 in.) and one from Bacon (no. 4131; length 6.25 in.). This species is easily distinguished by the black spot on side under posterior end of pectoral. Mulloides samoensis Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 57, pl. 43, fig. 8, Apia, Samoa; Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xx1I, 1903, 253, fig. 105 (Oahu Island; Hilo). 88 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 181. Mulloides japonicus (Houttuyn). Four specimens from Bulan (no. 3901 to 3904; length 4.75 in.). Head 3.5 in length; depth 3.85; scales 30; 3 or 4 dusky oblique bands on caudal, almost obliterated on lower lobe, an indistinct dusky line on side from head to caudal. No difference can be detected in these specimens when compared with specimens from Japan. Vullus japonicus Houttuyn, Verh. Holl. Maat. Weet. Haarlem, xX., deels, 2 stuk, 1782, p. 311-346, Nagasaki, Mulloides japonicus, Giinther, Cat.,1, 404; Snyder, Proc. S. Nat. Mus., XXX, 1906, 552 (Misaki). Upeneus japonicus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 3389 (460), 1829 (Japan). 182. Upeneus tragula Richardson. Three specimens from Bacon (no. 3634 to 3636; length 5.25 to 6.5 in.). Upeneus tragula Richardson, Ichth. China, in Rept. Brit. Assoc., Xv, 1845, 220, Canton; Giinther, Cat., I, 398. 183. Upeneus sulphurus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Belaque. Six specimens from San Fabian (no. 3921; length 3.5 in.). Upeneus sulphurus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 331 (450), Antjer. Upeneoides sulphureus, Ginther, Cat., 1, 398. 184. Upeneus sundaicus (Bleeker). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3201; length 5.1 in.). Head 3.5 in length; depth 3.75; eye 4 in head; interorbital 4; scales 2-32-5; dorsal vi, 9; anal u, 6; teeth in villiform bands on jaws, palatines, and vomer, those on vomer very minute, easily overlooked, possibly sometimes absent. Color in spirits yellowish, an indistinct dark longitudinal line from eye to caudal; fins unmarked. Upencoides sundaicus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., vir, 1855, 411, East Indies, and Atlas, 1x, pl. cccxciv, fig. 2; Giinther, Cat., 1, 399. 185. Pseudupeneus moana Jordan & Seale. One specimen from Bacon (no. 3249; length 9 in.). Upeneus trifasciatus Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 59, pl. 44, fig. B (Vavau; Samoa; Amboyna); not of Lacépéde Pseudupeneus moana Jordan & Seale, Fishes of Samoa, Bull. Bu. Fisheries, xxv, 1905 (1906), 274, Samoa. 186. Pseudupeneus bifasciatus (Lacépéde). Pinovugnan. One specimen from Bacon (no. 3275; length 8.75 in.). Mullus bifasciatus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 404, pl. 14, fig. 2, 1801, no locality. Pseudupeneus bifasciatus, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm., xx11, 1903, 258, fig. 107 (Hawaiian Islands) 187. Pseudupeneus barberinus (Lacépéde). One specimen from San Fabian (no. 3972; length 5.2 in.) and one from Bacon (no. 3886; length 4.75 in.). Mullus barberinus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 406, pl. 13, fig. 3, 1801. Upeneus barberinus, Giinther, Cat., 1, 405 (Amboyna; Moluccas; India). 188. Pseudupeneus indicus (Shaw). Jiao. Three specimens from Bacon (no. 3615, 3616, and 4108; length 5.5 to 6.5 in.) and one from Bulan (no. 3672; length 7.75 in.). Mullus indicus Shaw, Zool., 1v, pt. 2, 614, 1803, Indian Seas. Upeneus indicus, Giinther, Cat., 1, 406 (China). 189. Pseudupeneus spilurus (Bleeker). One specimen from Bulan (no. 3861; length 4 in.). This species has a distinct black spot on caudal peduncle above the lateral line and a dusky blotch at the anterior origin of lateral line. Upeneus spilurus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., v1, 395, 1854, Nagasaki; Giinther, Cat., 1, 406. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 89 190. Pseudupeneus luteus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). One specimen from Jolo (no. 4141; length 7.5 in.). Head 3.1 in length; depth 3.51; eye 5 in head; snout 2; scales 30; barbels short, not reaching base of ventral. Color in spirits, uniform yellow, no saddle over caudal peduncle. Upeneus luteus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vit, 392 (521), We de France; Day, Fishes of India, 125, pl. xxx1, fig. 2. Parupeneus luteus, Bleeker, Atlas, 1x, pl. cccxciv, fig. 1. Family POMACENTRID&. 191. Pomacentrus trimaculatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Bitzlla. Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3798 and 3790; length 5.25 in.) and one from San Fabian (no. 3972). Pomacentrus trimaculatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 320 (427), no locality; Giinther, Cat.,1v, 19; Day, Fishes of India, 382, pl. Lxxx, fig. 10. Dischistodus trimaculatus, Bleeker, Atlas, 1x, pl. ccccty, fig. 5. 192. Pomacentrus jerdoni Day. Thirteen specimens from Bulan (no. 3391 to 3399 and 3786 to 3789; length 3.75 to 6 in.). These agree with Day’s description in every respect. They have 13 dorsal spines, a black spot on upper axil of pectoral, the lateral line discontinued under posterior end of soft dorsal, and not continued on caudal peduncle, as in P. tapeinosoma, which has only 12 dorsal spines. Pomacentrus jerdoni Day, Fishes of India, 383, pl. Lxxx, fig. 7, Madras. 193. Pomacentrus moluccensis Bleeker. One specimen from Bacon (no. 3895; length 2.75 in.). Color yellowish brown; a small black spot at origin of lateral line, another in upper axil of pectoral. Pomacentrus moluccensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., Iv, 1853, 118, Amboyna, and Atlas, 1x, pl. cccctt, fig. 3 (Molucea) Giinther, Cat., Iv, 30. 194. Pomacentrus littoralis Kuhl & Van Hasselt. Kiting. Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3896 and 3852; length 4 in.). Preopercle and preorbital strongly ser- rated. Color in spirits, brownish, including all the fins; a small dusky spot at origin of lateral lines; some bluish markings on head. This species is similar to P. moluccensis in some respects, but the latter is a deeper fish, considerably lighter in color, with a black spot in axil of pectoral. Pomacentrus littoralis Kuhl & Van Hasselt in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 318 (425), Java; Bleeker, Atlas IX, pl. cccclv, fig. 8; Giinther, Cat.,1v, 32 (Amboyna; Dove Island; Port Essington). 195. Pomacentrus tripunctatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Eleven specimens from Bacon (no. 3679 and 3681 to 3690; length 2.5 to 3.5 in.). These specimens are all uniform brownish in color, the caudal scarcely lighter; a distinct round black spot on top of caudal peduncle posterior to axil of soft dorsal fin; preopercle and preorbital denticulate. Our specimens agree with Bleeker’s figure, except that they are not quite so deep, the depth being 2.2 in length without caudal; preorbital distinctly serrate. Pomacentrus tripunctatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 315 (421), Vanicolo; Giinther, Cat., Iv, 33. Pomacentrus trilineatus, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 25; Bleeker, Atlas, 1x, pl. ccccv1, figs. 1-6. 196. Pomacentrus tzeniurus Bleeker. One specimen from Philippine Islands (no local label; no. 3998; length 2.75 in.). Preopercle but slightly denticulate. A black spot at beginning of lateral line; posterior part of soft dorsal whitish—probably yellow in life. Pomacentrus teniurus Bleeker, Act. Soc. Se. Ind. Ned.,1, Amboina, 51, 1856, Amboyna; Atlas, 1x, pl. ccccviml, fig. 2; Giinther, Cat., IV, 22. 90, BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 197. Pomacentrus popei Eyermann & Seale, new species. Head 3 in length; depth 1.9; eye 2.8 in head; snout 3.5; interorbital 2.75; dorsal xm, 12; anal m1, 13; scales 3-24-9. Body elevated, compressed; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in head; anterior profile evenly rounded; jaws equal; a single series of blunt, rather strong teeth in each jaw, none on vomer or palatines; gillrakers sharp, 13 on lower limb, the longest equal to one-half eye; maxillary not reaching anterior margin of eye, its length equal to eye; mandible 2.75 in head; greatest preorbital width 2 in eye, its margin denticulate with a rather strong spine below anterior third of eye; preopercle strongly denticulate; opercle with a single spine on its posterior margin; body and head fully covered with firm pectinate scales; no scales on preorbital, about 3 rows of scales on cheek; scales on top of head small, about 20 series in front of dorsal; origin of dorsal on line with axil of pectoral, the distance between tip of snout and origin of dorsal 2.2 in length; longest spine 2.25 in head; middle ray of soft dorsal longest, 1.35 in head; origin of anal fin midway between base of caudal and origin of ventral, the middle rays of fin longest, 1.85 in head; second anal spine longest, 1.75 in head; origin of ventral below axil of pectoral, its tip reaching vent; pectoral equal to head; caudal emarginate, 1.1 in head. Fig. 16.—Pomacentrus popei Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. Color in spirits, straw-yellow, no spots or dots on body or in axil of any fin; anal fin rather broadly mar- gined with black; a narrow brownish margin to dorsal, indistinct on soft dorsal; otherwise fins all yellow, unmarked, One fine specimen (no. 3470; length 2.45 in.). Type, no. 55903, U.S. National Museum, collected by Charles J. Pierson at Bacon, Sorsogon, P. I. Named for our friend and associate, Mr. Thomas Edmund Burt Pope, scientific assistant, U. of Fisheries. . Bureau 198. Pomacentrus alexander Evermann & Seale, new species. Head 3.45 in length; depth 2; eye 3 in head; interorbital 3.2; snout 4.5; dorsal xim, 14; anal u, 14; scales 4—-27-9. Body compressed, elevated; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in head; anterior profile evenly rounded; mouth small; teeth in a single row in each jaw; maxillary ending on a line with anterior margin of orbit, its length slightly less than eye; mandible 3.1 in head; preorbital with some minute denticulations and one rather strong spine below anterior margin of pupil; greatest width of preorbital 2.5 in eye; preopercle distinetly denticulate; opercle with spine on posterior margin; gillrakers small, sharp-pointed, 13 on lower limb, the FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. : call longest 2.5 in eye; 2 or 3 rows of scales on cheek; body and head fully sealed; lateral line with but 16 distinct tubules; about 20 series of scales in front of dorsal; origin of dorsal on a line with axil of pectoral, the spines gradually increasing in length, the last being longest, 1.5 in head, the anterior spine scarcely equal to eye; webs of spinous dorsal deeply incised; middle soft dorsal ray the longest, 1.25 in head; origin of anal below base of eleventh dorsal spine, its base 1.1 in head, its longest ray 1.3, the second spine 1.55; vertical fins with deep scaly sheath; ventral slightly nearer origin of anal fin than to tip of snout, its tip reaching vent; pec- toral equal to length of head; caudal emarginate, the lobes pointed, length greater than head. Color in spirits, dull yellowish, shading gradually into a soft brown on upper anterior portion of body and head; a large, deep, black spot covering entire base and axil of pectoral fin; some slight indications of very indistinct yellow longitudinal lines on side; spinous dorsal brownish, with dusky margin extending along upper edge of soft dorsal; soft dorsal becoming yellow on posterior half; anal yellow, the marginal third dusky; caudal yellow; ventrals with slight tint of dusky; pectoral yellow. Seven specimens from Bacon (no. 3996 and 3905; length 3.25 to 3.5 in.). Type, no. 55919, U.S. National Museum, from Bacon, Sorsogon, P. I., length 3.5 in., collected by Mr. Charles J. Pierson. Of the cotypes one anion eas af eK Fig. 17.—Pomacentrus alecandere Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. (Bureau of Fisheries, no. 3996) is no. 20005, Stanford University Museum; another is no. 4540, U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, and there is one each in the museum at Manila, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, U.S. National Museum, and Indiana University Museum. Named for Miss Annie M. Alexander, of Oakland, California, in recognition of her interest and work in zoology. 199. Pomacentrus philippinus Evermann & Seale, new species. Head 3.35 in length; depth 2; eye 3 in head; snout 4.1; interorbital 2.75; dorsal xm, 14; anal m1, 14; scales 4-26-9, —-18 tubes. : Body oblong, compressed ; depth of caudal peduncle 1.75 in head; anterior profile evenly rounded; jaws equal; maxillary scarcely equal to diameter of eye, its distal end under anterior margin of eye; mandible 3 in head; small teeth in jaws in single series, none on vomer or palatines; gillrakers slim, sharp-pointed, 12 on lower limb, the longest about equal to pupil; preorbital with 2 or 3 small denticulations, greatest width of preorbital 3 in eye; preopercle distinctly denticulate; opercle with a single spine on posterior border; body and head fully scaled, a single row on preorbital, 2 rows on cheek, a single row on lower limb of preopercle; very fine scales on top of head, about 23 series in front of dorsal; origin of dorsal above axil of pectoral; distance between origin of dorsal and tip of snout 1.25 in depth of fish; longest dorsal spine 1.75 in head, length of anterior spines 4.75; middle ray of dorsal longest, equal to head, its tip slightly produced; webs of spinous dorsal incised; origin of anal nearer base of ventral than base of caudal, the second spine the longest, 2.45 in head; middle ray of anal longest, about 92 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. equal to head, the tip slightly produced; ventral below axil of pectoral, the first ray produced into a filament reaching posterior to vent; pectoral slightly greater than head, its tip on a line with vent; caudal greater than head, the lobes produced. Color in spirits, purplish, slightly lighter on thorax; caudal yellow, fading into purplish on caudal peduncle; lower half of soft dorsal and upper half of anal yellow, the other portion of these fins dusky, the line of demarca- tion between the 2 colors abrupt; ventrals black; pectoral dusky, a black spot on upper two-thirds of pectoral base and on axil of fin. Fig. 18.—Pomacentrus philippinus Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. Two specimens from Bacon (no. 4207 and 4028; length 2.5 and 2.75 in.). Type, no. 55901, U.S. National Museum, from Bacon, Sorsogon, P. I., collected by Charles J. Pierson, and cotype, no. 20009, Stanford Univer- sity Museum. 200. Abudefduf xanthurus (Bleeker). Eleven specimens from Bacon (no. 3461 to 3469, 3906, and 3854; length 3.5 to 4.5 in.). Glyphidodon ranthurus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., v, 1853, 345, Amboyna; Giinther, Cat.,1v, 47 (Ceram; Amboyna). Paraglyphidodon xanthurus Bleeker, Atlas, 1X, pl. ccccv, fig. 3. 201. Abudefduf bankieri (Richardson). Five specimens from Bacon (no. 3891, 4205, and 4206; length 1.75 to 2.5 in.). Glyphisodon bankveri Richardson, Ichth. China, 253, 1846, Hongkong; Giinther, Cat., 1v, 54 (China). Parapomacentrus bankieri Bleeker, Atlas, 1X, pl. ccccv111, fig. 8. 202. Abudefduf zonatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Two specimens from Bacon (no. 4208 and 3680; length 2 and 2.5 in.). Glyphisodon zonatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 361 (483), 1830, New Guinea, Glyphidodontops zonatus, Bleeker, Atlas, 1x, pl. ccccvit, fig. 3. Glyphidodon brownriggtt Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 232, pl. 127, fig. A and c; in part. 203. Abudefduf cyaneus (Quoy & Gaimard). Four specimens from Bacon (no. 3863 and 4212; length 1.2 to 2.25 in.). Dorsal x11, 12; preorbital and preopercle entire; depth 2.2 without caudal; head 3.35. Color in spirits deep blue; pectoral, soft dorsal, caudal, ventral, and anal yellowish; a small indistinct deeper blue spot at origin of lateral line; no spot in axil of pectoral or on soft dorsal; no stripes on head. One specimen (no. 4212) is uniform blue without yellowish on fins. This specimen is slightly less in depth than the others, the ventral fins being also a little darker in color. Glyphisodon cyaneus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 392, pl. 64, fig. 3, 1824; no locality. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 93 204. Abudefduf antjerius (Kuhl & Van Hasselt). Three specimens from Bacon (no. 3470, 3471, and 4210; length 1.4 to 2.1 in.). Glyphisodon antjervus Kuhl & Van Hasselt in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 360 (481), Antjer; Giinther, Cat., Iv, 50 (Amboyna; Borneo). 205. Abudefduf glaucus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Three specimens from Bacon (no. 4202 to 4204; length 2 to 2.5 in.). Glyphisodon glaucus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 355 (475), 1830, Guam. 206. Abudefduf curagao (Bloch). Seven specimens from Bacon (no. 4020, 4021, 3925, 3926, 3779, 3877, and 3879; length 2.75 to 4 in.). These specimens differ from the descriptions and figure in having the lower posterior part of anal dusky and a dusky wash on upper and lower margin of caudal, but not as in A. c@lestinus, with which we have compared it. Chztodon curacao Bloch, Ichth., v1, 79, pl. ccxm, fig. 1, 1797, Curagao. Glyphisodon trifasciatus; Giinther, Cat., 1v, 42 (Amboyna; Ceram). 207. Abudefduf septemfasciatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). One specimen from Bulan (no. 3879; length 4.95 in.). Glyphisodon septemfasciatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 346 (463), 1830, Ie de France; Giinther, Cat., Iv, 40, 1862 (China; Philippine Islands; Ceylon). 208. Abudefduf unimaculatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Two specimens from Bacon (no. 4209 and 4210; length 2 and 2.75 in.). Head 3.4 in total length; depth 2.1; dorsal xm, 13; anal 1,12. Color in spirits purplish, a black spot in axil of soft dorsal. Glyphisodon wnimaculatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 358 (478), Timor. Glyphidodon unimaculatus, Giinther, Cat., lv, 51 (Borneo). Glyphidodontops unimaculatus, Bleeker, Atlas, 1x, pl. ccccvil, fig. 5 (not 6, as labeled). Family LABRIDA. 209. Cheilinus fasciatus (Bloch). Three specimens from Bacon (no. 3971 to 3973; length 4.2 in.). Sparus faciatus Bloch, Ichth., vit, 15, pl. ccLvu, 1797, Japan. Cheilinus fasciatus, Giinther, Cat., 1v, 129 (Amboyna); Bleeker, Atlas, 1, 67, pl. xXxv1, fig. 2. 210. Cheilinus chlorurus (Bloch). Five specimens from Bacon (no. 3503, 3504 and 3872 to 3874; length 4 to 7.75 in.). Sparus chlorurus Bloch, Ichth., vin, 21, pl. ccLX, 1797,‘‘Japan and St. Domingue.” Cheilinus chlorurus, Giinther, Cat., 1v, 128 (Amboyna; Ceylon; Ceram; Aneityum); Bleeker, Atlas, I, 65, pl. xxvu, fig. 3. 211. Stethojulis zatima Jordan & Seale. One specimen from Bacon (no. 4214: length 1.75 in.) and one withour local label (no. 4191; length 1.5 in.). Stethojulis zatima Jordan & Seale, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, 788, 1905, Negros, Philippine Islands. 212. Stethojulis phekadopleura (Bleeker). One specimen from Bacon (no. 4215; length 2 in.). Julis phekadopleura Bleeker, Ichth. fauna Bali, 8, Verh. Bat. Gen., xxi, 1849, Bali. Stethojulis phekadopleura Bleeker, Atlas, 1, 134, pl. XLu1l, fig. 5; Giinther, Cat., Iv, 143. 213. Cheilio inermis (Forskal). Fourteen specimens from Bacon (no. 3520, 3584 to 3586, 3413 to 3415, 3652, 3699, 3945, 3610, 3611, 3720 and 3836; length 3.2 to 13.5 in.). Labrus inermis Forskil, Deser. Anim., 34, 1775, Red Sea. . Cheilio inermis, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xxii, pt. 1, 1903 (1905), 314, pl. xxximI (Honolulu; Hilo). 94 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 214. Lepidaplois mesothorax (Bloch & Schneider). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3920; length 5.5 in.). Labrus mesothorax Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Iehth., 254, 1801, India. Cossyphus mesothorax, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 103 (Ceram; Amboyna); Bleeker, Atlas, 1, 159, pl. xxxvu, fig. 4 (misprinted mesc- tyorax in text). 215. Labroides paradiseus Bleeker. 5 in.). Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3843; length 2 and 2. Labroides paradiseus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 11, 249, Banda; Atlas, I, pl. XLIV, fig. 2. 216. Thalassoma lunaris (Linneus). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3995; length 4.75 in.). A small patch of scales on upper part of opercle; anal with 2 spines. Labrus lunaris Linnus, Syst. Nat., ed. X, 283, 1758, India. Julis lunaris Bleeker, Atlas, 1, 90, pl. XXxuil, fig. 5. 217. Novaculichthys macrolepidotus (Bloch). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3918; length 4in.). This specimen seems to have more dusky on the sides than any others so far examined, there being a wide, more or less interrupted, black band from head to caudal. Labrus macrolepidotus Bloch, Iehth., vi, 109, pl. CCLXXXIV, 1797, East Indies. Novaculichthys macrolepidotus, Bleeker, Atlas, I, 144, pl. XXX1, fig. 6. Novacula macrolepidota, Giinther, Cat., 1v, 174 (Mozambique). 218. Halicheres scapularis (Bennett). Seven specimens from Bacon (no. 3840, 3963 to 3965, and 4147 to 4149; length 2 to 6.25 in.). These form a perfect series in size and intergradation of color from the figure and descriptions given by Bleeker and Day to the young as described by Jordan and Seale. There can be no doubt that Guntheria caruleovittata, Platyglossus scapularis, and H. cymatogrammus are one and the same species, the difference in color markings being due to age. Julis scapularis Bennett, Proce. Comm. Zool. Soe. Lond. 1831, 167, Mauritius, Guntheria ceruleovittata Bleeker, Atlas, 1, pl. XXXII, fig. 2. Platyglossus scapularis, Day, Fishes India, 400, pl. LXXxv, fig. 4. Halicheres cymatogrammus Jordan & Seale, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xxvii, 1905 (July 3), 786, fig. 8, Negros, Philippine Islands, (Young.) 219. Halicheres purpurescens (Bloch & Schneider). One specimen from Bacon (no. 4014; length 5 in.). Labrus purpurescens Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 262, 1801. Platyglossus purpurascens, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 158; Bleeker, Atlas, 1, 108, pl. XLv, fig. 1. 220. Halicheres nigrescens (Bloch & Schneider). Two specimens from Bulan (no. 4075 and 4076; length 5.2 and 6.4 in.). Labrus nigrescens Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 263, 1801. Halicheres nigrescens Bleeker, Atlas, 1, 118, pl. Xxxvu1, fig. 4. 221. Halichceres miniatus (Kuhl & Van Hasselt.) Seven specimens from Bacon (no. 4003 and 4213; length 1 to 3 in.). Julis miniatus Kuh] & Van Hasselt in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 337 (460), Java; Giinther, Cat., 1v, 150. Halichwres miniatus, Bleeker, Atlas, 1, 114, pl. X.t, fig. 5. 222. Halicheres guttatus (Bloch). Five specimens from Bacon (no. 3753 and 4000; length 2.5 to 2.75 in.). Labrus guttatus Bloch, Ichth., pl. ccLXxxvu1, fig. 2, 1797, New Holland. Labrus argus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 263, 1801. Platyglossus guttatus, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 155 (Sumatra; Ceram; Chusan). Halicheres guttatus, Bleeker, Atlas, 1, 124, pl. XxXxv, fig. 1. le} on FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 223. Halicheres leparensis (Bleeker). Masangui. Twelve specimens from Bacon (no. 3770 and 4001; length 1.25 to 2 in.) and one from San Fabian (no. 3835; length 1.25 in.). Julis leparensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., mt, 1852, 730, Banka. Halicheres leparensis Bleeker, Atlas, 1, 119, pl. Xiu, fig. 5. Platyglossus leparensis, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 156. 224. Halicheres peecilus (Lay & Bennett). Seven specimens from Bacon (no. 3980; length 1.5 to 3.5 in.). Julis pecila Lay & Bennett, Zool. Beech. Voy., Blossom, 66, pl. 19, fig. 1, Loo-Choo Islands. Halicheres pecila, Bleeker, Atlas, 1, 115, pl. XXXIX, fig. 4. Platyglossus pecilus, Gunther, Cat., Iv, 152. Halicheres annulatus Fowler, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., x11, 535, pl. Xx, upper fig., June 10, 1904, Sumatra, Family PSEUDOCHROMID. 225. Labracinus trispilos (Bleeker). Two specimens from Bacon (no. 4216; length 1.2 and 1.25 in.). Cichlops trispilos Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., Ix, 1855, 110, Halmaheira, Batjan; Bleeker, Atlas, 1x, pl. cccxe, fig. 2. 226. Labracinus melanotenia (Bleeker). One specimen from Bulan (no. 3933; length 5.5 in.). Cichlops melanotznia Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 111, 1852, 765, Macassar, Celebes; Giinther, Cat., 1, 259. Pseudochromis melanotenia, Bleeker Atlas, 1x, pl. cccxe, fig. 5. Family SCARICHTHYID. 227. Cherops anchorago (Bloch). Mudmul. Nine specimens from Bacon (no. 3552 to 3554, 3536, 3691, 3692, 4138, 4139, and 4066; length 5 to 8.5 in.), and one from Jolo (no. 3239; length 6 in.). Sparus anchorago Bloch, Ichth., vm, 85, pl. ccCLXxVI, 1797. Cherops anchorago, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 95 (Amboyna). 228. Cherops auritum (Kuhl & Van Hasselt). Duldul. One specimen from Bacon (no. 3819; length 3 in.), and 2 (no. 4067 and 4070; length 9 in.), without definite locality. The degree of development of the canine teeth varies greatly in this as in related species. Scarus auritus Kuhl & Van Hasselt in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1v, 161 (218), 1839, Java. Scarichthys auritus, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 213 (Amboyna; Hongkong; Aneityum); Bleeker, Atlas, 1, 15, pl. 1, fig. 3. 229. Scarichthys ceruleopunctatus (Riippell). Duldul. One specimen from Jolo (no. 4110), 2 from Bulan (no. 3241 and 3242; length 5.5 and 6.5 in.), and 3 from Bacon (no. 3737 and 3799; length 6 to 10.2 in.). ° This species may be distinguished from S. auritus by the strong development of canine teeth. Scarus (Calliodon) ceruleo-punctatus Riippell, Neue Wirb., Fische, 24, pl. 7, fig. 3, Djedda; Giinther, Cat., Iv, 213; Bleeker, Atlas, 1, 16, pl. 1, fig. 2. 230. Calotomus genistriatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Ogus; Palit. One specimen from Zamboanga (no. 3773; length 8.75 in.), and one from Jolo (no. 4055; length 9.75 in.). Callyodon genistriatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIv, 218 (293), 1839, no locality given; Giinther, Cat., Iv, 215; Bleeker, Atlas, I, 13, pl. 1, fig. 1. 96 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 231. Callyodon quoyi (Cuvier & Valenciennes). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3234; length 7.5 in.). Scarus quoyr Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIv, 203 (273), 1839. New Ireland (New Mecklenburg). Pseudoscarus quoyi, Bleeker, Atlas, 1, 29, pl. v1, fig. 3 (Ternate); Giinther, Cat., Iv, 239. 232. Callyodon lacerta (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Three specimens from Bulan (no. 3938, 3939, and 3240; length 4.75 to 6.2 in.), and one from Bacon (no. 4126). Scarus lacerta Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1v, 161 (217), 1839, Pondicherry. Pseudoscarus xruginosus Bleeker, Atlas, 1, 40, pl. xvu, fig. 2, 1862; Giinther, Cat., Iv, 229. 233. Callyodon oktodon (Bleeker). Mudmudl. One specimen from Zamboanga (no. 3715; length 10.75 in.). Pseudoscarus oktodon Bieeker, Versl. Kon. Akad. Wet., x1, 1861, 235, Buton; Bleeker, Atlas, I, 33, pl. x1, fig. 2, 1862. Pseudoscarus octodon, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 234. 234. Callyodon balinensis (Bleeker). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3735; length 8.25 in.). . Scarus balinensis Bleeker, Ichth. Fauna Bali, 8, Verh. Bat. Gen., xx1t, 1849, Bali. Pseudoscarus balinensis Bleeker, Atlas, I, 39, pl. XVI, fig. 3, 1862; Ginther, Cat., Iv, 228. Family CHATODONTID. 235. Cheetodon selene Bleeker. One specimen from Bulan (no. 4342; length 5.2 in.). This specimen shows a wide dusky longitudinal stripe along the median line of side from caudal, fading out near head. Chztodon selene Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., v, 76, 1853, Solor; Gunther, Cat., 11, 30 (Amboyna). Tetragonoptrus ( Chetodontops) selene Bleeker, Atlas, Ix, pl. CCCLXXVII, fig. 5. 236. Chetodon auriga Forskal. One specimen from Bacon (no. 3694; length 4.75 in.). Chextodon auriga Forskal, Deser. Anim., 60, 1775, Red Sea; Giinther, Cat., 11, 7 (Red Sea). Tetragonoptrus (Linophora) auriga, Bleeker, Atlas, 1x, pl. ccCLXxuI, fig. 4. 237. Chetodon vagabundus Linneus. One specimen from Bacon (no. 3387; length 5.35 in.). Chetodon vagabundus Linneus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 276, 1758, Indies; Giinther, Cat., m, 25 (Mauritius; Amboyna); Fowler, Fishes of Sumatra, 544, 1904. Tetragonoptrus (Linophora) vagabundus, Bleeker, Atlas, 1x, 48, pl. cccLxxvull, fig. 1 (Sumatra, ete.). 238. Chetodon falcula Bloch. Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3369 and 3370; length 5.1 and 5.25 in.). Chztodon falcula Bloch, Ichth., x11, 100, pl. ccccexxvi, fig. 2, 1797, Coromandel; Giinther, Cat., 1, 17 (Batoe); Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, pl. fig. c. Tetragonoptrus (Oxychxtodon) falcula, Bleeker, Atlas, 1X, 52, pl. cCCLXXIM, fig. 1. 239. Cheetodon octofasciatus Bloch. Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3894 and 3917; length 2.75 and 3.1 in.). These specimens show a dusky spot below the lateral line between the fourth and fifth black bands. Chextodon octofasciatus Bloch, Ichth., v1, 85, pl. cexv, fig. 1, 1797, East Indies; Giinther, Cat., 11, 17 (Singapore). Tetragonoptrus ( Tetragonoptrus) octofasciatus, Bleeker, Atlas, 1X, 38, pl. CCCLXXVI, fig. 3. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. St 240. Chetodon unimaculatus Bloch. One specimen from Bacon (no. 3342; length 4*in.). This specimen has a dusky wedge-shaped area extending down from the black spot. Chztodon unimaculatus Bloch, Ichth., pl. ccl, fig. 1, East Indies; Giinther, Cat., 11, 11. Tetragonoptrus (Lepidochztodon) unimaculatus, Bleeker, Atlas, 1X, 45, pl. cCCLXXxvV, fig. 5. 241. Taurichthys varius Cuvier & Valenciennes. One large specimen from Bacon (no. 3336; length 5.56 in.). Taurichthys varius Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vil, 111 (148), pl. 181, 1831, no locality given. Heniochus varius, Giinther Cat., 11, 41 (Molucea Sea; Amboyna). 242. Heniochus acuminatus (Linneus). Pampanon. One specimen from Bacon (no. 3437; length 4.25 in.), and 3 young from San Fabian (no. 3771; length 2 in.). Chetodon acuminatus Linneus, Syst. Nat., ed. X, 272, 1758, Indies. Chetodon macrolepidotus Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 274, 1758; after Artedi. Heniochus macrolepidotus, Giinther, Cat., 11, 39 (Ceylon; Amboyna; Port Essington; Australia). Taurichthys macrolepidotus, Bleeker, Atlas, 1X, 29, pl. cccLXxvil, fig. 1. (Misprinted microlepidatus on plate.) Heniochus acuminatus, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xx1u, pt. 1, 1903 (1905), 376, pl. Lv (Honolulu). Family PLATACID. 243. Platax orbicularis (Forskil). iting. Two fine adults from Jolo (no. 4158 and 4159; length 6 and 6.5 in.). Anterior dorsal and anal rays greatly produced, those of dorsal exceeding total length of fish; ventrals very long, equaling length of fish to base of caudal. Chextodon orbicularis Forskal, Deser. Anim., 59, 1779, Red Sea. Chetodon vespertilio Bloch, Ichth., v1, 49, pl. cxcrx, fig. 2, 1797. Platazr vespertilio, Day, Fishes India, 236, pl. LI, fig. 5; Bleeker, Atlas, Ix, 74, pl. CCCLXXIX, fig. 1, and pl. ccCLXXxX, figs. 2 and 3. Platax orbicularis, Gunther, Cat., 1, 490 (Port Essington). Family EPHIPPID#. 244. Ephippus argus (Gmelin). Pingao (young); Saramolleta. Three specimens from Bacon (no. 4087 to 4089; length 5.5 to 6.75 in.), and 7 young from San Fabian {no. 3988, length 2 to 2.55 in.). Chzxtodon argus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1248, 1788, Indies. Scatophagus argus, Giinther, Cat., 11, 58 many localities; Day, Fishes India, 114, pl. xx1Xx, fig. 3. Family ACANTHURID. 245. Hepatus celebicus (Bleeker). One specimen from Bulan (no. 4122; length 6.75 in.). White ring obsolete. Acanthurus celebicus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., m1, 1852, 761, Celebes; Giinther, Cat., 111, 339. 246. Ctenochetus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard). Saliao. Two specimens from Zamboanga (no. 4120 and 4121; length 8.2 and 9.5in.). = Acanthurus striatus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 373, pl. 63, fig. 3, 1824, Guam; Giinther, Cat., m1, 334. Ctenochextus striatus, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xx, pt. 1, 1903 (1905), 398 (Hilo; Honolulu; Kailua). B. B. F. 1906—7 98 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 247. Acanthurus unicornis (Forskal). One specimen (young) from San Fabian (no. 3960; length 2.5 in.). Chetodon unicornis Forskil, Descr. Anim., 63, 1775, Djidda. Acanthurus unicornis, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., xx1i1, pt. 1, 1903 (1905), 402 (Honolulu; Hilo; Puako Bay, Hawaii). Family SIGANIDA. 248. Siganus javus (Linneus). Two specimens from Bulan (no. 4092 and 4093; length 9 and 10 in.). Head 4.1 in length; depth 2.18; snout 2.1 in head; eye 3.35. Dorsal xm, 10; anal vir, 9. Teuthis javus Linneus, Syst. Nat., ed. x11, 507, 1766; Day, Fishes India, 165, pl. xxx1Xx, fig. 5; Giinther, Cat., 11, 315 (Ceylon; Singapore; Amboyna; Hobson Bay). Amphacanthus javus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 86 (118), (Pondicherry). 249. Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn). Palit. Apparently a very abundant species in the Philippines. The present collection contains 747 specimens from Bacon (no. 3382, 3622, 3623, 3923, 3924, 3440, 3500, 3501, 3502, 3513, 3851, 4006, 4007, 4143, 4144; length 1.5 to 8.5 in.), 2 from Jolo (no. 3518 and 3639), and 1 from San Fabian (no. 3864). These have been carefully compared with specimens from Japan, Cavite, and Panay. They agree perfectly, even to the bars on the caudal. Centrogaster fuscescens Houttuyn, Verh. Holl. Maat. Weet. Haarlem, xx, 1782, 333. Amphacanthus fi cens ,Richardson, Ichth. China, 243, 1846. Teuthis fuscescens, Giinther, Cat., 111, 321 (coast of Nagasak1). 250. Siganus virgatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3233; length 7.5 in.). Readily known by the bluish transverse lines on snout and interorbital and the oblique dark lines downward and forward from dorsal. Amphacanthus virgatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 97 (133), 1835, Java. Teuthis virgata, Gunther, Cat., 11, 323 (Philippines; China); Day, Fishes India, 166, pl. XL, fig. 3 (Andamans). 251. Siganus vermiculatus (Kuhl & Van Hasselt). Pugut; Alama. Seven specimens from Zamboanga (no. 3251 to 3257; length 3.5 to 6.75 in.), 4 from Bacon (no. 3303 to 3306; length 3 to 4 in.), 3 from Philippines (no local label, no. 3800 to 3802; length 3 in.), and one very large specimen from San Fabian (no. 4037; length 11 in.). Amphacanthus vermiculatus Kuhl & Van Hasselt in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 92 (126), 1835, New Guinea. Teuthis vermiculata, Ginther, Cat., 1, 317 (Philippines; Amboyna); Day, Fishes India, 166, pl. xL, fig. 1 252. Siganus lineatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Samaral; Mororosa. Two from Bulan (no. 4056 and 4057; length 9.75 and 10.5 in.), and one from Bacon (no. 4039; length 10.2 in.). Amphacanthus lineatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 95 (130), pl. 286, 1835, Vanicoloand New Guinea. Teuthis lineata, Giinther, Cat., 11, 322. 253. Lo unimaculatus Evermann & Seale, new species. Head 3.3 in length to base of caudal; depth 2.5; eye 4 in head; snout 1.9; opercle with a number of low thin vertical ridges; preopercle with somewhat similar oblique lines; lower edge of preopercle finely dentate ; scales cycloid and very minute on body, the head nearly naked, having only a few seattered nonimbricated scales below eye and along side of snout; interorbital 3.75; pectoral 1.45; ventral scarcely shorter than pectoral; dorsal xr, 10; anal vu, 9; ventral 1, 3, 1. Body greatly compressed, elongate, the ventral and dorsal outlines nearly parallel from nuchal crest to base of twelfth dorsal spine; snout much produced, tubular, the maxillary 1.3 in eye; interorbital space but slightly convex; dorsal profile rising abruptly from behind the eye in a thin trenchant ridge; teeth in a single row, uniform in size, incisor-like, brown-tipped in the upper jaw, smallerand plain white in color in the lower, about FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 99 12 on each side in each jaw; origin of dorsal in vertical above base of pectoral, the first spine 1.6 in snout, the longest spine (the seventh) about equal to snout and half diameter of eye, the last spine equal to snout; origin of anal under base of seventh dorsal spine; first anal spine slightly longer than first spine of dorsal, the fourth spine slightly greater than snout; soft dorsal and soft anal pointed, the middle rays longest, about equal in the 2 fins and equaling the snout; caudal moderately forked, the lobes equal to snout and half eye; ventral not reaching origin of anal. Color in alcohol, mottled brownish; snout, head and breast back to origin of dorsal and ventral fins rich brownish black, extending on side in a broad curve to middle of pectoral; interorbital space and side of head below eye paler; first dorsal spine black, the others yellowish white; first ray of pectoral black, rays of fin Fic. 19.—Lo unimaculatus Evermann & Seale, new species. Type whitish with some indistinct black blotches; skin of ventral spines blackish, rays of the fin white; soft dorsal and entire anal yellowish white, the spines of the latter with dark edges; caudal dusky along edges, otherwise yellowish white; a large round brownish black spot one-half larger than eye on lateral line under base of last 3 dorsal spines and first dorsal ray. This species is related to Lo vulpinis (Schlegel & Miller), from which it differs in the more slender body and in the presence of the black lateral spot. Only one specimen obtained, the type, no. 55915, U. S. National Museum (original no. 3538), 7.5 inches long, collected by Mr. Charles J. Pierson, at Bacon, Sorsogon, P. I. Family BALISTIDA. 254. Balistes niger Mungo Park. One specimen from Bacon (no. 3603; length 5.5 in.). Balistes niger Mungo Park, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 111, 1797, 37, Sumatra; Giinther, Cat., vir, 218; Bleeker, Atlas, v, pl. CCXVI, fig. 1. 255. Balistes flavimarginatus Riippell. Pakol. One very large specimen (no. 4154; length 15 in.) from Bacon. Head 3 in length; depth 1.8; eye 5 in head; snout 1.2; interorbital 2.8; first dorsal spine 1.8; depth of caudal peduncle 3.5, its greatest width 5; 100 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. longest dorsal ray 1.75; longest anal ray 1.5; length of pectoral 2. Teeth very strong, the front ones conic; dermal plates strong and rough, 29 from gill-opening to base of caudal; preocular groove distinct. Ralistes flavimarginatus Rippell, Atlas, Fische, 33, 1828, Red Sea; Giinther, Cat., vill, 223 (Red Sea; Amboyna). Balistes (Pseudobalistes) flavimarg:natus, Bleeker, Atlas, V, 113, pl. CCXX1V, fig. 3. 256. Balistapus undulatus (Mungo Park). Nine specimens from Bacon (no. 3374, 3375, 3438, 3439, 3604, 4058 to 4060, and 4123; length 4.75 to6.5 in.). Balistes undulatus Mungo Park, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1, 1797, 37, Sumatra; Giinther, Cat., vu, 226 (Red Sea; Zanzibar; Moluecas; Sumatra; Amboyna; Ceram; Zebu, Philippines; China; Japan). Balistes (Balistapus) lineatus Bleeker, Atlas, Vv, 118, pl. CCXXIX, fig. 2. 257. Balistapus aculeatus (Linnwus). Puqut. Nine specimens from Bacon (no. 3307, 3308, 3388, 3389, 3433 to 3435, 4118 and 4119; length 3.5 to 6.5 in.), and 2 from Zamboanga (no. 3364 and 3373). Balistes aculeatus Linneeus, Syst. Nat., ed. X India; Giinther, Cat., vi, 223 (Ile de France; Island of Johanna; Zanzi- bar; Moluecas; Amboyna; China Se Fiji; Micronesia; Seychelles; Mauritius). Balistapus aculeatus, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XxX11, 1903 (1905), 414, pl. LX. Family MONACANTHID. 258. Monacanthus chinensis (Bloch). Three specimens from Bulan (no. 3259, 3260, and 4140; length 5 to 6.5 in.). Balistes chinensis Bloch, Iehth., Vv, 24, pl. cum, fig. 1, 1797, Brazil and China. Monacanthus chinensis, Giinther, Cat., vi, 236 (North China; Pinang; Singapore; Shanghai); Bleeker, Atlas, v, 125, pl. CCXXH, fig. 2. 259. Monacanthus macrurus Bleeker. Bungaong. One fine specimen from Jolo (no. 3693; length 7.5 in.), and one from Bacon (no. 3676; length 5.55 in.). These specimens show traces of dark bands at base of anal. Monacanthus macrurus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., x11, , 1857, Nias; Giinther, Cat., vu, 247, 1870. Pseudomonacanthus macrurus Bleeker, Atlas, V, 134, pl. CCXXVIII, fig. 2. 260. Osbeckia scripta (Osbeck). Samarang. Three specimens from Jolo (no. 3313 to 3315; length 4.5 to 8.2 in.). Color in spirits, yellowish with brown spots and reticulations; caudal 2.5 in length. : These specimens differ from typical examples of O. scripta in having the dorsal spine very short, its length being less than diameter of eye. They may represent an undescribed species, the describing of whieh we defer until additional material can be examined. Balistes scriptus Osbeck, Reise nack Ostindien und China, 1, 144, 1765, China Seas. Balistes monoceros scriptus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1463, 1788; after Osbeck. Monacanthus scriptus, Giinther, Cat., vII1, 252. Osheckia serivta, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., xx1I1, 1903 (1905), 422, fig. 184 (Honolulu). Family TETRAODONTIDA. 261. Lagocephalus hypselogeneion (Bleeker). Three specimens from Bulan (no. 4023 to 4025; length 3.5 to 3.75 in.). These examples have the fold of skin on lower posterior portion of side and tail well developed; caudal lunate and banded with numerous fine vertical lines; cheek with 5 subvertical bars of brown; upper half of body with numerous whitish spots. These seem to resemble Day’s figure in every respect. Tetraodon hypselogeneion Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 111, 300, 1852, Amboyna, Wahai. Tetrodon hypselogenion, Giinther, Cat., vim, 277; Day, Fishes India, 702, pl. CLXX x11, fig. 5. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LOL 262. Canthigaster bennetti (Bleeker). Four specimens from Bacon (no. 3749; length 1.25 to 1.75 in.). Tropidichthys bennetti Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., v1, 504, Amboyna, Tetrodon bennetti, Giinther, Cat., VII, 301. Canthogaster ocellatus Bleeker, Atlas, v, 80. Psilonotus ocellatus, Bleeker, Atlas, v, pl. CCXIvV, fig. 5. 263. Canthigaster compressus (Procé). Two specimens from Philippines (no local label, no. 4018; length 2.2 and 2.75 in.). Tetrodon compressus Procé, Bull. Soc. Philom, 1822, 130, Manila. Tetrodon striolatus, Giinther, Cat., vi, 304. Canthogaster striolatus, Bleeker, Atlas, Vv, 82. Psilonotus striolatus, Bleeker, Atlas, v, pl. ccXxIM, fig. 6. 264. Spheroides lunaris (Bloch & Schneider). Botete. One specimen from San Fabian (no. 4033; length 3.25 in.). Tetrodon lunaris Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 505, 1801, Malabar; Giinther, Cat., vim, 274 (Philippines and many other places). Spheroides lunaris, Jordan & Seale, roc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvii, 1905, 790 (Negros). 265. Tetraodon nigropunctatus Bloch & Schneider. Doele. One specimen from Bacon (no. 4062; length 8.5 in.). This example is uniform black, the spicules silvery white, short and developed only on belly, back, and sides; the caudal, cheeks, snout, chin, and a spot on the middle of back naked; fins black except pectorals which have a slight wash of yellowish. Tetraodon nigro-punctatus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 507, 1801, Tranquebar, Tetrodon nigropunctatus, Giinther Cat., VII, 293. Crayracion nigropunctatus, Bleeker, Atlas, v, 74, pl. ccvt, fig. 4. Family OSTRACIIDA. 266. Ostracion tuberculatum Linnzus. One specimen from Jolo (no. 3764; length 1 n.). Ostracion tuberculatus Linneus, Syst. Nat., ed. X, 331, 1758, India. Ostracion cubicus Linneus, Syst. Nat., ed. X, 332, 1758, India; Giinther, Cat., vil, 260 (Red Sea; Zanzibar; Seychelles; Mauri- tius; Ceylon; Amboyna; Ceram; South Australia). 267. Ostracion gibbosum Linneus. One specimen from Jolo (no. 3853; length 2.4 in.). Ostracion gibbosus Linnzeus, Syst. Nat., ed. X, 332, 1758, India: Giinther, Cat., vu, 258. Ostracion turritus Day, Fishes India, 695, pl. CLXXX1I, fig. 4. Ostracion ( Tetrosomus) turritus, Bleeker, Atlas v, 31, pl. ccm, fig. 3. Family SCORPANIDA. HYPOMACRUS Evermann & Seale, new genus. Hypomacrus Evermann & Seale, new genus of Scorpenide (Hypomacrus albaiensis). This genus is related to Sebastopsis Gill, from which it differs in having the tenth to thirteenth pectoral rays much produced. The upper 9 rays are subequal, their length half that of head; length of tenth ray 1.2 in head, the eleventh to thirteenth successively shorter, the last 3 usually shorter than the upper 9 and not detached. (7a, under; “axkpos, long; referring to the produced lower pectoral rays. ) 102 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 268. Hypomacrus albaiensis Evermann & Seale, new species. Head 2.25 in length without caudal; depth 3.25; eye 3.75 in head; snout 3.75; interorbital 2 in snout; dorsal x11, 9 (the cotype has the soft dorsal deformed, with only 5 rays); anal m1, 5; scales 5-26-13, about 16. tubules in lateral line. 7 Body moderately compressed, the head rather elongate, the lower jaw projecting, depth of caudal peduncle 1.1 in head; maxillary 2 in head, the distal end under the posterior margin of pupil, its distal width 1.5 in eye; mandible 1.75 in head; villiform teeth on jaws and vomer, none on palatines; gillrakers very small, 8 on lower limb of first arch; spines of head as follows: opercular 2; preopercular 2, the upper the larger, with a small superimposed spine on its base; bony stay across cheek with 2 spines, 4 above eye, 5 on each side of nuchal region; a distinct fringed orbital tentacle equal in length to pupil; a short dermal flap at base of each nuchal spine; a branched flap at nostril, and a rather long preorbital flap hanging over maxillary. Body entirely scaled, head sealed; origin of dorsal above axil of pectoral, longest spine 3.2 in head; origin of anal under origin of soft dorsal, its longest ray 2 in head, the second anal spine the longest and strongest, 2.3 in head; origin of ventrals about midway between tip of upper jaw and origin of anal, their length 1.85 in head, their tips falling far short of anal; pectoral peculiar, the 9 upper rays short, about 2 in head, their tips scarcely extending past tips of ventrals; the lower part of fin elongate, composed of 7 simple rays, the longest 1.19 in head, their tips beyond line with origin of anal fin; caudal rounded, 1.65 in head. Fig. 20.—Hypomacrus albaiensis Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. Color in spirits, mottled brownish, a large yellowish area occupying entire upper two-thirds of opercle, extending to eye anteriorly, and posteriorly extending down and covering base of pectoral; a round black opercular spot posterior of and between the preopercular spines; about 5 indistinct rather. narrow dark bands over back; spinous dorsal with irregular dusky markings, soft dorsal with dark base and tip, the mid portion whitish; anal with irregular dark markings, the most distinctive being a black spot on posterior axil of fin; ventrals shaded with dusky dots posteriorly; pectoral with brown dots on the short rays, the elongate rays white with a few seattered brown dots; caudal dusky at tip, a slight dusky wash on base of rays. Type, no. 55902, U.S. National Museum, original no. 3866 (10,771), 2.5 inches long, from Bacon, Sorsogon, P. 1., collected by Mr. Charles J. Pierson. Cotype, no. 20,006,Stanford University, a specimen 2.25 inches long, also from Bacon. 269. Sebastopsis scabra (Ramsay & Ogilby). One specimen from Bacon (no. 4004; length 2.75 in.). Sebastes scaber Ramsay & Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc Sebastopsis scabra, Jordan & Seale. Proc. U. N.S. W., X, 1885, 577, Shark Reef, Australia. Vat. Mus., XXVIII, 1905 (July 3), 791 (Negros). 270. Sebastopistes tristis (Klunzinger). Three specimens from Bacon (no. 3612 to 3614; length 4 to 4.5 in.). This species is close to S. nivifer Jordan & Seale, described from Negros, P. I., differing in the orbital spines, the dermal flaps, and the color. Scorpena tristis Klunzinger, Synop. Fische des Rothen Meers, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesellsch. Wien, xx, 1870, 802, Red Sea. Scorpena bakeri Seale, Fishes of Guam, in Oce. Papers Bishop Mus., vol. I, no. 2, 1901, 120, Guam. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 1038 271. Pterois volitans (Linnus). Two fine specimens from Bacon (no. 3444 and 3445; length 6.5 and 6.75 in.). Gasterosteus volitans Linnzeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 296, 1758, Amboyna. Pterois volitans, Giinther, Cat., 11, 122 (Egypt; South Africa; Cape of Good Hope; Madras; China; Amboyna). Pseudomonopterus (Pterois) volitans, Bleeker, Atlas, Ix, pl. ccccxn, fig. 3. 272. Dendrochirus zebra (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Four specimens from Bacon (no. 3574 and 3577; length 3.5 to 4.75 in.). Pterois zebra Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Iv, 269 (367), 1829, Ile de France; Giinther, Cat., 11, 126 (Amboyna China; Madagascar). Pseudomonopterus (Dendrochirus) zebra, Bleeker, Atlas, IX, pl., ccccxI, fig. 1. Family PLATYCEPHALID. 273. Platycephalus bataviensis Bleeker. One specimen from Jolo (no. 3276; length 8 in.). Platycephalus bataviensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1v, 1853, 460, Batavia; Atlas, Ix, pl. ccccxx, fig. 4; Giinther, Cat. II, 188. 274. Platycephalus insidiator (Forskil). Lacoy. On specimen from San Fabian (no. 8900; length 6.2 in.). Cottus insidiator Forskal, Deser. Anim., 25, 1775, Red Sea. Platycephalus insidiator, Gunther, Cat., 11, 177 (Caleutta; Ganges; China; Malayan Peninsula; Moluccas; Amboyna; Cape York; Australia; Red Sea; Port Natal; Cape of Good Hope). 275. Platycephalus macracanthus Bleeker. Cacabit. One specimen from San Fabian (no. 3857; length 5.25 in.). Platycephalus macracanthus Bleeker, Versl. Meded. Ak. Wet., 2d reeks, III, 1868-9, 253, Amboyna; Atlac, Ix, pl. cccCXIX, fig. 1. Family CALLIONYMIDE. 276. Calliurichthys reevesii (Richardson). Four specimens from Bulan (no. 4077 to 4080; length 5.75 to 6.5 in.). Callionymus reevesii Richardson, Voy. Sulphur, 60, pl. 36, figs. 1-3 (not 4), 1845, Canton. Family NOTOTHENIIDA. 277. Parapercis hexophthalma (Ehrenberg). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3721; length 6.2 in.). Percis hexophthalma Ehrenberg in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 202 (271), 1829, Massuah; Giinther, Cat., 11, 239 (Louisiade Archipelago; Red Sea). Family OPHICEPHALID. 278. Ophicephalus striatus Bloch. Five specimens from Philippines (without local label, no. 3791 to 3795; length 3.1 to 4 in.). Ophicephalus striatus Bloch, Ichth., x, 117, pl. cccLrx, 1797, East Indies. Ophiocephalus striatus, Giinther, Cat., m1, 474 (Loodianah; Ganges; Bengal; Pinang; Madras); Bleeker, Atlas, Ix, pl. CCCXCIX, fig. 1. 104 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family GOBIIDA. 279. Butis leucurus Jordan & Seale. Three specimens from San Fabian (no. 3858 to 3860; length 3.5 to 4 in.), and one from Bacon (no. 3728; length 3.45 in.). Species originally described from Negros; other specimens collected at Cavite by Dr. Geo. A. Lung and forwarded to Stanford University. Butis leucurus Jordan & Seale, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvii, 1905 (July 3), 794, fig. 13, Negros Island. 280. Glossogobius biocellatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3747 and 3745; length 3.5 and 3.75 in.). Close to @. giuris, but lower jaw less prominent, body more robust and head broader. Gobius biocellatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 55 (73), 1837, Pondicherry; Giinther, Cat., 111,20; Day, Fishes India, 289, pl. Lx, fig. 8. 281. Glossogobius giuris (Buchanan-Hamilton). Cacabit. Nine specimens from Bacon (no, 3725 to 3727, 3729, 3741 to 3744, and 3749; length 4 to 9 in.), one from San Fabian (no. 3760), and one from Bulan (No. 4128). Gobius giuris Buchanan-Hamilton, Fishes of the Ganges, 51 and 366, pl. 33, fig. 15, 1822, Ganges River; Day, Fishes India, 294, pl. LXxvil, fig. 1; Giinther, Cat., m1, 21. 282. Oxyurichthys cristatus (Day). One specimen from San Fabian (no. 3929; length 5.8 in.). Euctenogobius cristatus Day, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond. 1873, 109, Bombay. Gobius cristatus Day, Fishes India, 291, pl. LXI1, fig. 8. 283. Valenciennea strigata (Broussonet). Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3999; length 2.1 in.). Head 3 in length; depth 4.75; scales 150; dorsal vi-t, 18; anal 1, 17; anterior dorsal rays elongate. Color white; a blue dark-edged band trom angle of mouth to opercle, another indistinct band on preopercle. Gobius strigatus Broussonet, Ichth., 1, 1782, Tahiti. Eleotris strigata, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 189 (251); Giinther, Cat., m1, 131 (Java; Amboyna; Celebes; Booroo; Tahiti); Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 190, pl. 111, fig. E. Family BLENNIIDA. 284. Salarias fasciatus (Bloch). Ten specimens from Bacon (no. 3974; length 1.2 to 4 in.). Blennius fasciatus Bloch, Ichth., v, pl. CLXx1, fig. 1, 1797. Salarias fasciatus, Giinther, Cat., 11, 244 (Borneo; Philippines; New Holland; Victoria Bank; Fiji Islands; Tonga Islands; Aneityum); Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 201, pl. 115, fig. A. 285. Petroscirtes grammistes (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3757; length 3.2 in.). Blennechis grammistes Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 210 (284), 1836, Java. Petroscirles anema, Giinther, Cat., 111, 236 (Amboyna; China); Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, pl. 115, fig. F. Petroscirtes grammistes, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 197 (Yap; Kusaie; Amboyna). Family ECHENEIDA. 286. Echeneis naucrates Linneus. One specimen from Bulan (no. 3740; length 10.5 in.). Echeneis neucrates (misprint for naucrates) Linnwus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 261, 1758, Pelago Indico; Giinther, Cat., 11, 384 (many localities); Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., 2269, 1898. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 105 Family PLEURONECTID. 287. Platophrys javanicus (Bleeker). Palad. One specimen from Bulan (no. 4049; length 8.25 in.). Anal 51; seales 74. Rhombus javanicus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., Iv, 502, Batavia. Pseudorhombus javanicus, Bleeker, Atlas, VI, 8, pl. CCXXXH, fig. 3; Giinther, Cat., Iv, 427 (Java); Day, Fishes India, 424, pl. xen, fig. 2. E 288. Platophrys russellii (Gray). One specimen from Bulan (no. 4069; length 9 in.). Anal 59; scales 74. Platessa russellii Gray, Il). Ind. Zool., fig. 2. Pseudorhombus russellii, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 424 (Umbilo River, Port Natal). 289. Platophrys neglectus (Bleeker). Uguerangueray. Three specimens from San Fabian (no. 3390, 3619 and 3620; length 3.5 to 6.75 in.). Anal 57; scales 81. Pseudorhombus neglectus Bleeker, Ned. Tijds. Dierk., 11, 45, and Atlas, VI, 8, pl. CCXXX1V, fig. 1. 290. Platophrys pantherinus (Riippell). Two specimens from Bacon (no. 3409 and 3494; length 5.2 and 6 in.). Rhombus pantherinus Riippell, Atlas, 121, pl. 31, fig. 1, 1828, Red Sea. Platophrys pantherinus, Bleeker, Atlas, v1, 11, pl. ccxxxim, fig. 3; Day, Fishes India, 425, pl. xcn, figs. 3 and 4; Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xxi, 1903 (1905), 512. Rhomboidichthys pantherinus, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 436 (Mauritius; Madagascar; Amboyna; Fiji). 291. Platophrys palad Evermann & Seale, new species. Palad. Head 3.75 in length; depth 2.4; eye 6 in head; snout 4; maxillary 2.3, its distal end under middle of eye; dorsal 77; anal 60; scales 85; interorbital a very narrow trenchant ridge slightly higher than eye; jaws equal; canine teeth in anterior of jaws; gillrakers short and blunt, broader than long, 9 on lower limb, the curved Ma av ang 3 ¥ 2 Bei x ‘ ie Bee Paes - oS L os is WARARAS WA’ AX \ Fig. 21.—Platophrys valad Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. ay Zs portion of lateral line 3.5 in straight, the depth of the curve 3.1 in its length; longest dorsal ray 2.75 in head; longest anal ray 2.1 in head; colored pectoral 2 in head; caudal rounded, 1.25 in head. Color on left side. Color in spirits, brownish; on each side of lateral line 2 large ocelli, each inclosing 2 large black spots; 2 very indistinct dusky blotches on the lateral line, one at posterior curve of lateral line, the other at the beginning 106 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. of posterior third of body; a row of indistinct ocelli at base of each vertical fin; numerous dusky dots and blotches on fins. One large specimen from Bulan (no. 4050; length 15.5 in.). Type, no. 55898, U. S. National Museum, collected by Charles J. Pierson. 292. Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schneider). Uguerangueray. Two specimens from San Fabian (no. 3848 and 3849; length 4.75 and 6.5 in.). Head 3.6 in length; depth 2.5: eyes on right side. It may be that the sinistral specimens recorded by Giinther and Bleeker are a different species. Pleuronectes erumei Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 150, 1801, ‘‘ad Tranquebarium.”’ Psettodes erumei, Ginther, Cat., 1v, 402 (China; Amboyna; Pinang; India); Day, Fishes India, 422, pl. xct, fig. 4; Bleeker, Atlas, VI, 4, pl. ccxxxl, fig. 2. Family SOLEIDE. 293. Achirus hartzfeldii Bleeker. One specimen from “ Philippine Islands”? (no local label; no. 4012; length 4.5in.). Anal 63; lateral line 98. Achirus hartzfeldii Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., Iv, 1853, 123, Amboyna; Atlas, VI, 25, pl. CCXLVI, fig. 1. Aseraggodes hartzfeldii, Kaup, Archiv f. Naturgesch., jhg. XXIv, 1858, bd. 1, 103. - Solea hartzfeldii, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 471 (Amboyna). 294. Synaptura sorsogonensis Evermann & Seale, new species. Head 5.25 in length without caudal; depth 2.37; dorsal 74; anal 61; caudal 15; dorsal and anal continuous with caudal; pores of lateral line 141, of which 2° are in the short curved portion above the head; interorbital space scaled, scarcely greater than diameter of lower eye; upper eye covered by skin; the beaklike snout not extending around to a line with eye; upper nostril a distinct hollow papilla located in front of lower eye; Fig. 22.—Synaptura sorsogonensis Evermann & Seale, new species. Type. nostril of blind side greatly dilated and fringed; anterior part of head with numerous dermal fringes; dermal flaps scattered in groups over different portion of body, 4 such groups on lateral line and 4 on cach side of body, alternating with the groups on lateral line; smaller groups along base of dorsal and anal fin; lateral line straight untilit reaches head, where it makes a sharp curve ending on a line with anterior margin of upper eye; gillrakers obsolete; colored pectoral 3.75 in head; uncolored pectoral 4; dorsal beginning on snout in front of eyes, its middle ray 1.85 in head; middle anal ray 2 in head; colored ventral 2.9; caudal 1.3. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 107 Color in spirits, brownish, the groups of dermal flaps described above blackish; colored pectoral black, tipped with white; margin of dorsal and anal white with a submarginal dusky area, more easily distinguished on under side. This species is related to S. pan, but is distinguished by the greater number of rays and the dilated nostril. One fine specimen from Bacon, Sorsogon, no. 4133 (10,825); length 9 in., type, no. 55916, U.S. National Museum, collected by Charles J. Pierson. 295. Pardachirus pavoninus (Lacépéde). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3383; length 5.5 in.). Anal 56; lateral line 100. Achirus pavoninus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Iv, 658 and 661; Bleeker, Atlas, v1, 24, pl. ccCXLt, fig. 1. Pardachirus pavoninus, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 479 (Pinang; Singapore; Moluccas). 296. Soleichthys heterorhinos (Bleeker). One specimen from Bacon (no. 3927; length 4.2 in.). Anal 78; lateral line 112. Solea heterorhinos Bleeker Visch fauna Amboina, 64, Act. Soe. Se. Indo-Ned., 1. 64, 1856, Amboyna. Solea heterorhinus, Bleeker, Atlas, VI, 17. Solea heterorhina, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 466 (Celebes, Amboyna); Bleeker, Atlas, v1, pl. ccxc, fig. 2; Day, Fishes India, 426, pl. xcu, fig. 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY. ’ The following is a list of the published literature concerning the fishes of the Philippine Islands which has been consulted in connection with the preparation of this report. Besides these works we have consulted all of the numerous papers by Dr. Jordan and his collaborators on Japanese fishes: 1758. Linnxus, C. Systema nature per regna tria nature, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, tomus 1, p. 1-824. Chinensia Lagerstromiana preside D. D. Car. Linneo, Dec. 23, 1754. Ameenitates Acade- mice, vol. 1v, 1759, p. 230-260. 1765. OsBeck, Peter. Reise nach Ostindien und China, nebst O. Toreens Reise nach Suratte und C. G. Ekebergs Nachricht von der Landwirtschaft der Chineser, p. 1-xxrv-+1-552, taf. 1-13. Aus dem schwedischen tibersetzt von J. G. Georgi. Verleger Johann Christian Koppe. Rostock. 1766. Linnzxps, C. Systema nature [etc.], ed. xm, t. 1, Pisces, p. 419-532. 1774. Forsrer, Joun Reinnoip. Descriptiones animalium que in itinere ad maris australis terras per annos 1772-74 suscepto [etc.]. Curante H. Lichtenstein, 8°, p. -xm1+1-425. Berolini, 1844. 1775. ForsKAr, P. Descriptiones animalium, avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; que in itinere orientali observavit Petrus Forskal, p. 1-140. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Haunie. 1782. BroussoneT, Pierre Mariz Aucuste. Ichthyologia sistens piscium descriptiones et icones. Deeas 1, no pagination. London. ; 1785-1797. Biocu, Marc Exieser. Ichthyologie, ou histoire naturelle, générale et particuliére des poissons, avec des figures enluminées. dessinées d’aprés nature. 12 t. in 6, 1684 p., pl. t-cecexxxm. Berlin. 1788. Hourruyn, M. Beschryving van eenige japanse visschen, en andere zee-schepzelen. Verhandelingen, uitgegeeven door de Hollandsche Maatschappye der Weetenschappen, te Haarlem, xx. deels, 2. stuk, 1782, p. 311-350. ——. Linnaeus, C. Systema nature [etc.], ed. xm, aucta, reformata, cura J. F. Gmelin. 8°, t.1, pars m1 Pisces, p. 1126-1516. Lipsis, 1788-1793. 1792. TounperG, C. P. Atskillige forut okfinde fiskar af Abbor-Slagtet. Kongl. Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar, n.s., t. xm, 1792, p. 141-143. 1797. Park, Munco. Descriptions of eight new fishes from Sumatra. Read November 4, 1794. Transac- tions of the Linnean Society of London, vol. m1, 1797, p. 33-38. 1801. Brocn, Marc Evreser. Systema ichthyologie iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolayit lo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. ——. LacEpEpE, BERNHARD GERMAN ETIENNE, Comte de. Histoire naturelle des poissons. 5 t., 4°. Paris, 1798-1803. 108 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 1803. Suaw, Grorce. General zoology, or Systematic natural history. Vol. rv, pt. 1, Piszes, p. 187-632, 70 pl. London. ——. Russeii, Parrick. Descriptions and figures of two hundred fishes collected at Vizagapatam on the coast of Coromandel. 2 vol., fol. London. 1817. Cuvier, GeorGes. Le régne animal distribué d’aprés son organisation, pour servir de base & Vhistoire naturelle des animaux et d’introduction a l’anatomie comparée, avec figures, dessinées d’aprés nature. T. 1, contenant les reptiles, les poissons, les mollusques et les annelides, p. 1-532. [Poissons, p. 104-351.) 1822. Bucnanan-Hamitton, Francis. An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches, p- 1-405, pl. 1-39 (atlas). 4°. Edinburgh. ——. Prock, Marion bE. Sur plusieurs espéces nouvelles des poissons et des crustaces observées par M. Marion de Procé. Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomathique de Paris 1822, p. 129-134. 1824. Quoy, Jean René Constant, et Gamrarp, PauL. Voyage autour du monde, entrepris par ordre du roy, exécuté sur les corvettes de S. M. l’Uranie et la Physicienne pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820, par M. Louis de Freycinet, commandant de |’expedition. Zoologie par MM. Quoy et Gaimard, médecins de |’expedition, p. 1-712. [Poissons, p. 183-401.] Paris. 1828. Riprert, Epvarp. Atlas zu der Reise im nérdlichen Afrika, abth. 4, Fische des rothen Meers, 144 p., 35 pl. 1828-49. Cuvier, GEORGES, et VALENCIENNES, A. Histoire naturelle des poissons, 22 t., 4°, 8337 p., pl. -vo1+ 9-650. Paris. T.u published in 1828; m1, 1829; 1v, 1829; v, 1830; vi, 1830; vir, 1831; vm, 1831; Ix, 1835; x1, 1836; xn, 1837; xm, 1839; xiv, 1839; xx, 1846. 1829. Cuvier, GeorceEs. Le régne animal distribué d’aprés son organisation, pour servir de base & "histoire naturelle des animaux, et d’introduction 4 l’anatomie comparée, avec figures dessinées d’aprés nature. Nouvelle édition, revue et augmentée, t. 11, p. 1-406. [Poissons, p. 122—406.] 1830-34. Gray, Jonn Epwarp. Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke. 2 vol. fol., London. 1831. Bennett, E.T. An exhibition of the collection of fishes formed at the Mauritius by Mr. Telfair. Pro- ceedings of the Committee of the Zoological Society of London, vol. 1, 1831 (Aug. 23), p. 126-128. 1832. VaLENcIENNEsS, A. Descriptions de plusieurs espéces nouvelles de poissons du genre Apogon. Nou velles Annales du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, t. 1, 1832, p. 51-60, pl. 4. 1838. RUppeii, Epuarp. Neue Wirbelthiere, zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehérig, entdeckt und beschrieben yon Dr. Eduard Riippell. Fische des rothen Meers, p. 1-148, pl. 1-33, 1835. 1839. Lay, G. T., and Bennerr, E. T. Zoology of Captain Beechey’s voyage; compiled from the collection and notes made by Captain Beechey, the officers and naturalist of the expedition, during a voyage to the Pacific and Bering’s Straits performed in His Majesty’s ship Blossom in the years 1825, 1826, 1827, and 1828. Fishes, p. 41-75, pl. xvi-xxum1. 1842-1850. Temainck, C. J., and Scuiecer, H. Fauna japonica, Pisces, p. 1-324, pl. r-cxim. P. 1-20 published in 1842; 21-72 in 1843; 73-112 in 1844; 113-172 in 1845; 173-269 in 1846 ; 270-324 in 1850. 1845. RicHarpson,SmJoun. The zoology of the voyage of the Sulphur, under the command of Sir Edward Belcher. during the years 1836-42, 2 vol. inone, 8°, London, 1844. Edited and superintended by R. B. Hinds. Ichthyology, p. 51-150, pl. 35-64, 1845. 1846. ———. Report on the ichthyology of the seas of China and Japan. Report of the fifteenth meet- ing of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, held at Cambridge June, 1846, p. 187-326. 1849. Bieexer, P. A contribution to the knowledge of the ichthyological fauna of Celebes. Journal of the Indian Archipelago and eastern Asia, vol. m1, 1849, p. 65-74. 1849-1854. ———. In Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschap- pen (articles paged independently): Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Bali. 11 p. in deel xx, 1849. Bijdrage tot de kennis der sparoiden van den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel. 16 p., xxm, 1850. Bijdrage tot de kennis der haringachtige visschen van den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel. 52 p., XXIV, 1852. Bijdrage tot de kennis der makreelachtige visschen van den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel. 93 )., XXIV. Nise nalezingen op de ichthyologie van Japan. 132 p., pl. -v1, deel xxv1, 1854. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 109 1849-1858. BLeexer, P. In Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indié: Faune ichthyologice Jaye insularumque adjacentium, Genera et species nove (I). Deel 1, 1850, p. 98-108. Ueber eenige nieuwe geschlachten en soorten van makreelachtige visschen van den indischen archipel. 1, 1850, 341-372. Visschen van Billiton. 1, 1850, 478-479. Nieuwe bijdrage tot de kennis der Percoidei, Scleroparei, Scizenoxdei, Sparoidei, Mzenoidei, Cheetodontoidei en Scomberoidei van den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel. 1, 1851, 163-179. Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Banda-Eilanden. 1, 1851, 225-261. Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Riouw. 1, 1851, 469-497. Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Moluksche Hilanden. Visschen van Amboina en Ceram. 1, 1852, 229-309. Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Banka. 11, 1852, 443-460. Nieuwe bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Banka. 11,1852, 715-738. Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Celebes. 11, 1852, 739-782. Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Amboina. rv, 1853, 91-130. Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Ternate. rv, 1853, 131-140. Diagnostische beschrijvingen van nieuwe weinig bekende vischsoorten van Sumatra. ry, 1853, 243-302. Diagnostische beschrijvingen van nieuwe weinig bekende vischsoorten van Batavia. iv, 1853, 451-516. Nieuwe bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Ternate en Halmaheira (Gilolo). tv, 1853, 595-610. Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Solor. _v, 1853, 67-96. Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Ceram. v, 1853, 233-248. Vierde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Amboina. vy, 1853, 317-382. Nieuwe tientallen diagnostische beschrijvingen van nieuwe weinig bekende vischsoorten van Sumatra. v, 1853, 495-534. Fauna ichthyologice japonice species nove. vi, 1854, 395-426. Vijfde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Amboina. v1, 1854, 454-508. Vijfde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Celebes. vu, 18 Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Batjan. vu, 1854, 359-378. Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Amboina. vit, 1855, 391-434. Tweede bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Halmaheira (Gilolo). 1x, 1855, 105-112. Achste bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Celebes. 1x, 1855, 281-314. Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Groot Obij. 1x, 1855, 431-438. Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Nias. x11, 1856, 211-228. Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Sangi-Kilanden. x11, 1857, 369-380. Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Bali. xvii (vierde serie, deel 11) 1858-59, 141-175. 1850. Cantor, ToEopore. Catalogue of Malayan fishes. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. xvm, pt. 11, July-December, 1849, p. -x11+-983-1443, pl. 1-x1v. Calcutta. 1856-57. Breexer, P. In Verhandelingen der Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch Indié, or Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandice (articles paged independently): Beschrijvingen van nieuwe en weinig bekende vischsoorten van Amboina, 76 p. in vol. 1, 1857. Beschrijvingen van nieuwe weinig bekende vischsoorten van Manado en Makassar, 80 p., 1, 1856. Achste bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Amboina, 100 p., u, 1857. 1858. Kaur, J. Uebersicht der Soleine der vierten Subfamilie der Pleuronectide. Archiv fiir Natur- geschichte, jhg. xxrv, bd. 1, 1858, p. 94-104. 1859-1870. GiinrHER, ALBERT. Catalogue of the fishes in the collections of the British Museum. Vol. 1, 1859; u, 1860; ru, 1861; tv, 1862; v, 1864; v1, 1866; vir, 1868; vir, 1870. 1861. Breeker, P. Iets iiber de geschlachten der Scaroiden en hunne Indisch-Archipelagische soorten. Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, afd. Natuurkunde, deel xu, 1861, p. 228-244. Amsterdam. 1861-1877. - Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néerlandaises, t. 1-1x, 1246 p., pl. 1-cccoxx. Fol., Amsterdam. T.1, published 1862; m1, 1866; m1, 1863; Iv, 1864: v, 1865; v1, 1866-1872; vu, 1873-1876; vi, 1876-1877; 1x (unfinished), 1877. Description de quelques espéces inédites des genres Pseudorhombus et Platophrys de I’Inde Archipélagique. Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde, deel m1, 1865, p. 43-50. Amsterdam. 1868. Peters, W. Ueber die von Hrn. Dr. F. Jagor in dem ostindischen Archipel gesammelten und dem K6niglichen Zoologischen Museum tibergegebenen Fische. Monatsberichte der Ko6niglichen Preus- sischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1868, p. 254-281. i865. 110 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 1869. Bieexer, P. Description et figure d’une espéce inédite de Platycépale (Dec., 1867). Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, afd. Natuurkunde, 2de reeks, deel u1, 1868-1869, p. 253-254. i870. Kiunzincer, Cart Bensamin. Synopsis der Fische des rothen Meers, 1. theil. Verhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft zu Wien, bd. xx, 1870, p. 669-834. 1871. GUnruer, ALBERT. Report on several collections of fishes recently obtained for the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1871, p. 652-675, pl. LimI-Lxx. 1873. Breexer, P. Révision des especes Indo-Archipélagiques du genre Lethrinus. Nederlandsch Tijd- schrift voor de Dierkunde, deel rv, 1873, p. 318-344. Réyision des especes Indo-Archipélagiques des genres Plectorhynchus et Pristipoma. Neder- landsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde, deel tv, 1873, p. 273-317. —. Day, Francis. On some new or imperfectly known fishes of India and Burma. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1873, p. 107-112. ; 1873-1881. GiinrHer, ALBERT. Fische der Siidsee. Bd. 1, p. 1-128, taf. 1-83, 1873-1875; bd. u, p. 129-256, taf. 84-140, 1876-1881. Journal des Museum Godeffroy, 1873-1881. Hamburg. 1878. Day, Francis. The fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Vol. 1, text, including Supplement, p. 1-xx-+-1-816; vol. u, Atlas, containing 198 plates. London, printed for the author, 1878-1888. 1885. Ramsay, E. Prerson and Doucras-Oaitpy, J. Descriptions of new or rare Australian fishes. Proceed- ings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, vol. x, 1885, p. 575-579. 1895. PaLacky, J. Die Verbreitung der Fische, p. 1-239. Prag. . Evera, Castro pe. Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de Filipinas. 1, Vertebrados, p. 1-701. 3, p. 45-621.) Manila. GER, GEORGE ALBERT. Catalogue of the perciform fishes in the British Museum, 2d ed., vol. 1, containing Centrarchide, Percide, and Serranide (part), p. 1-291, pl. xv. London. 1896-1900. Jorpan, Davip Srarr, and EverMann, Barron Warren. Fishes of North and Middle America, published as Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum No. 47, pt. I-1v, p. 1-3313, pl. r-cccxen. Pt. 1 issued 1896; 1 and m1, 1898; rv, 1900. 1901. Smrru, Huau M. Notes on five food-fishes of Lake Buhi, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Bulletin of the U.S. Fish Commission, vol. xx1, 1901, p. 167-171, 3 fig. 1902. Smirn, Hucu M. The smallest known vertebrate. Science, n. s., vol. xv, p. 30-31, Jan. 3, 1902. —. Jorpan, Davin Srarr, and Evermann, Barton WarreEN. Notes on a collection of fishes from the Island of Formosa. Proceedings U.S. National Museum, vol. xxv, 1902, p. 315-368, figs.1-29. 1903. Bryan, Wo. ALanson, and Herre, ALBert C. Annotated list of the Marcus Island fishes. Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History, Direc- tor’s Report for 1902 (1903), vol. 11, no. 1, p. 125-139. 1904. FowLer, Henry W. A collection of fishes from Sumatra. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, 2d ser., vol. xu, 1904 (June 10), p. 495-560, pl. vu—xxvut. ——, ———. New, rare or little-known Scombroids. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Phil- adelphia 1904, p. 757-771. 1905. Jorpan, Davip Srarr, and Spare, Atviy. List of fishes collected by Dr. Bashford Dean on the island of Negros, Philippines. Proceedings U.S. Natural Museum, vol. xxvirt, 1905, p. 769-803, fig. 1-20. and EverMANN, Barton Warren. The shore fishes of the Hawaiian Islands, with a general account of the fish fauna. Bulletin of the U.S. Fish Commission, vol. xxi, pt. 1, 1903 (July 29, 1905), p. 1-574, col. pl. -Lxxyv, bl. and wh. pl. 1-65, text fig. 1-229. 1906. Samira, Hueu M., and Sear, Atviy. Notes on a collection of fishes from the Island of Mindanao, Philippine Archipelago, with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol. x1x, 1906 (June 4), p. 73-82. —. Jorpan, Davin Starr, and Space, Atvin. The fishes of Samoa. Description of the species found in the archipelago, with a provisional check-list of the fishes of Oceania. Bulletin U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxv, 1905 (Dec. 15, 1906), p. 173-455, pl. xxx1u—Lur, text fig. 1-104. —, ——— ———. Fishes of the islands of Luzon and Panay. Bulletin of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxv1, 1906, p. —. Evermann, Barron W., and SeaLe, Atvin. Fishes collected in the Philippine Islands by Maj. Edgar A. Mearns, Surgeon, U.S. Army. Proceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. xxx1, 1906, p. 505-512. A CESTODE PARASITE IN THE FLESH OF THE BUTTERFISH. By EDWIN LINTON, Ph. D. BUREAU OF FISHERIES DOCUMENT NO. 611. 111 CONTENTS. Historical account: - 2)... 2.52224 ce aset ans teste o satnies es ee ene Se eee Description of scolex, cyst and! blastocyst_.*.---5.-2-22. -2=2-- <2-2<2--sece0- ee Distribution and number of cysts in butterfish.-.-.-.....2:-----.22-<---<-25----= Details, of examinations of butterfish forcysts: 22 _-22222-2- =. -2s-5 5-5-5 22eSse eas Habitats.of the parasite... .2.< 22-2 s2scc2te02o52 sen ones ets Soe e es che eee Sees Adultistage': 2:0. $226.02 22 doe aoe cece eee pee eee See es ae eee Eneysted stage. =8¢22-o322: a: Se ee Scent ate ee eee oe eee ee eee Effect of the presence of cysts on weight of host...........-.---.---------------- Life: history of the parasite... = ona |e NODESL oe. 5 INONG= eee eee ee Few. 50 Very numerous Very numerous. Sin ees 2 la INONG een cme ee aoe e = | NON ae Mw 222--s25-2 None. 52 Many.. Many. OH melo lal Ne Weetce = eacee nlememmon en Wb see e me mcee sacuean sees [aes doze Few. 54 Numerous. Numerous. 55 Many. Many. 56 Several None. OTA 8-21y || PHOWe ee oe ee ornate | POW seco oe Many, 2s: Many. 58 Numerous Numerous. Very numerous. 59 | Scattering soo 80-5 peace leas do. Many. 60 doses Numerous. 61 2do.-= do. 620 eedones Very numerous. GB 8-214 Beer ed Os se ae cetera cee ee ca elo a AO soccer sonecenccse ccelasoue doves do. 64 Many...-. Many. 65 Numerous. Very numerous. 66 Many...--- Many. 67 | Numerous. ...-- do. 68 | Very numerous. Very numerous. 69 | HERE Poca tbocecne seem soe pecesce| Sie oreeodosanenaeaeoacne ETN one pono ea cea ene nade Many. 120 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. September 20.—Twelve fish examined. These were taken at Montauk, Long Island, and sent to me from Blackford’s, Fulton Market, New York. Cysts were found in 11 of the 12 fish, distributed in general as has been described in preceding eases. TABLE SHOWING OccuURRENCE OF Cysts IN FiEesH or 12 BurrerrisH rRoM Montauk, Lona Isuanp. Cysts above backbone. Cysts below backbone. Length) _ ee = of fish. . Anterior. Posterior. Anterior. Posterior. —_s === | a = oss, | 1 NUMeLOUS: cages e ace | Very numerous. 2 5 : | Numerous. 3 | Few. 4 | Very numerous. 5 | Few. 6 do. 7 Very numerous. 8 do. 9 Mery NUM CrOUS = ct issiererns | oe it Oe cee Snes | do. 10 NUM CTOUS sco ccccciee ee ese Many. sis st2cecinsmecpiesiee Numerous. 1 HGWi.c creme s Sota aes Very numerous... ....-...-: | Very numerous, 12 | INONG 2/2 sete eee ce toe ees INONGi 222 posse ceee css anes | None. In no. 9 cysts were also very numerous lateral to the backbone in the middle of the body, and a few were seen in the ventral muscles of the post-abdominal region. The usual immature nematodes were abundant on the viscera, but no cysts were noted in the body cavity. October 12.—Twelve fish examined. These were caught at Barnegat, N.J., and were sent to me from Blackfords, Fulton Market, New York. TaBLE SHowinG Distripution or Cysts 1n 12 BurrerrisH From Barnecat, N. J. | Cysts above backbone. Cysts below backbone. Length i. of fish. | | Anterior. Posterior. Anterior. Posterior. cm, | 1 MEO GW CW senecesecae poeta ee POWs se s0e0csa06 Many: S222. Very numerous. 2 FeAl) Pea Onaae sae eres ace eens Loe i Very numero do. 3 VO) aee8 GOs core jse5 eoeteeceee Numerou do 4 UA ON os ae GO iiesccascsvancaaneee Many | Many. 5 Te Qi ces [0 Ko Sata ge eee en Numerou | Very numerous. 6 18.0 Owe e ae ceceesseeee Ae Many.... | Many. 7 1920) Saae8 Ome ct ceerec eee ane 5 Peay * (oar eae do. 8 WON |i este Ain ns crate cca cen sae any ery numero Very numerous. 9 ZOMOES Nee OOeoe vere eecceee neste Few....- Numerous... do. 10 200%) (NUmerous. 222 22.2.cees s2- Very numero do. VY QUO NAD Y caer cen ecco eae eee Many-oo= 2-25 Numerous. °* 12 22..0)) Numerous: .. .. 2220-20. Numerous. .....- -+-2| Wery;mumerous...22--...2. | Very numerous. Most of these fish had many eysts also along the lateral borders of the vertebra. In no. 12 there were enormous numbers of cysts below the backbone caudad of the abdominal cavity, where they were scattered through the muscles generally. A cluster of about 100 cysts lay immediately behind the skull. Some blastocysts with the contained scoleces were removed from their cysts and found to be still living. A number of cysts were placed in normal salt solution and examined from day to day tor over a week. They were found to show signs of life on the evening of the 19th. The last signs of activity were seen in the proboscides. A CESTODE PARASITE IN THE FLESH OF THE BUTTERFISH. 121 Summers of 1905 and 1906.—The results of the examination of butterfish for parasites during these periods are given in the following table: TaBLE SUMMARIZING RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF BUTTERFISH FOR FLESH PARASITES AT Woops Hote, Mass., iy tHE SumMMERS oF 1905 anv 1906. a Numberof fishshowing— a Numberof fishshowing— é a nD a i ; im = pa A cs) a | 23 We cS) Bl ee le hae Date. 5 A a a ts Bee Date. 5 & 2 a b | Ea Fs te mb Ss a ais Ted to Bb ‘S b> =2 =| = & | 5 5 2 & | Be 5 8 ° a a | 5° 5 8 ° z id, pees Z =) A = 4 | & A A ey al1Z | 1905. 1905. | RU Val a otecteee = aerate iu August 18..........- i 1 3 OED Walley efeta eiaiate tata ela 1 12 v 4 4 1 AUP UGE 21 eset 167 IND oc ehdonec ee acd Ge BESS SUGS CE 56 CoB R OE 6 aS E Hee OS Sa ees eee ree ee 168 UMMA yea CCUECHSSLONTO lees Ul lt eres etter pee ee te ee eee ee tee 169 Planktonrcrustacea asim sa nOOd ssaertaarscleen= econ aesee eens Mee a1 ace ele ce mteeh cencinese es 171 B31 DML OP TAD Ny gece iae eee este ae cl feels sie toere eisai aiaaele ne cinema oat ows sic cals semiseeeae es Satie 175 PLATE III. “LSV3 40 HLNOS ONIMOO7 “LY3913 LNNOW JO 301IS WOYS S3NV1 NIML 4O MGZIA A STUDY OF TWIN LAKES, COLORADO, WITH ESPECIAL CONSIDERATION OF THE FOOD OF THE TROUTS." By CHANCEY JUDAY, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LAKES, LOCATION. These two beautiful sheets of limpid water lie in the southern part of Lake County, Colorado, about 15 miles south-southwest of the city of Leadville, nestled at the base of the highest mountains in the state. Viewed from the east, they have for a background the loftiest peaks of the Sawatch Range, which extends north and south immediately behind them. Rising from the lake basin on the northwest are spurs and ridges which lead up to Mount Elbert. This mountain has an altitude of 14,421 feet (4,395.5 meters), and is only 3 feet lower than Mount Massive, its neighboring peak on the north, which is said to be the highest in Colorado. La Plata peak, rising but a short distance southwest of the lakes, has an altitude of 14,342 feet (4,371 meters), while between La Plata and the lakes are lofty ridges with peaks having an altitude of probably 13,000 feet (4,000 meters) or more. As the ridges extend down to the lakes, the southern shores are very steep. The general contour of the country surrounding the lakes is shown in plate 1m. ORIGIN AND SIZE. The lakes lie a short distance below the mouth of Lake Creek Canyon. This canyon extends westward between Mount Elbert and La Plata, and there are many evidences to show that it was once occupied by a glacier which probably came down and joined the glacier that occupied the canyon of the Arkansas River. Much of the débris brought down by the Lake Creek glacier was deposited in the lateral moraines which form high ridges on either side of the lower valley. Thus the lakes are entirely surrounded by morainal detritus with no rock in place exposed along the shores except for a short distance along the north shore of Lower Lake. The glacier was no doubt active in scooping out the lake basins, and then as it receded two terminal moraines were formed, one which maintains the water in Lower Lake anda second one, about 225 yards (200 meters) wide in its narrowest part, which separates the two lakes. These lateral and terminal moraines are well shown in sketch maps by Holmes in Hayden’s Report for 1874 (between p. 48 and 49). @Study made for the United States Bureau of Fisheries during the summers of 1902 and 1903. 151 ina BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES, Upper Twin Lake at its usual stage of water about midsummer has an area of about 474.5 acres (192 hectares) and Lower Lake about 1,440 acres (582 hectares). Both lakes were, no doubt, considerably larger during their earlier stages. The portion of Lake Creek below Lower Lake has worn a channel over 29 feet (6 meters) deep through the old terminal moraine, and it therefore seems probable that the lake was several feet deeper at some time in its past history, which greater depth would increase its size very materially. An increase in the depth of Lower Lake would soon affect Upper Lake also, as the fall between the two is only about 6 or 7 feet (2 meters). Moreover, Upper Lake, at no distant time, geologically speaking, probably extended much farther west than it does at the present time. The débris brought down by the various streams that flow into its western end has formed a swampy meadow of considerable extent, and it seems probable that much, if not ail, of this area was covered with water during the early history of the lake, and thus constituted a part of it. DEPTH AND VARIATION IN LEVEL. In Hayden’s Report for 1873, figure 11 is a sketch map showing the results of a number of soundings in each lake. The greatest depths found by him were 79 feet (24 meters) in Upper Lake and 76 feet (23 meters) in Lower Lake. Powell also pub- lished a map of the lakes (1891, pl Lxxx1). He states that 44 soundings were made in Upper Lake and 86 in Lower Lake but gives no results in figures. In the present investigations 94 soundings were made in Upper Lake and 85 in Lower Lake, the lines being run ina general north and south direction across each lake in order to make them as short as possible and thus reduce the chance of error toa minimum. On July 8, 1902, the greatest depth found in Upper Lake was 82 feet (25 meters) and two weeks later the maximum depth found in Lower Lake was 74 feet (22.5 meters). When these soundings were made the water in Upper Lake was at about its normal stage, but Lower Lake was about a foot lower than usual at this time of year. While the maximum depth of Lower Lake is only 8 feet (2.5 meters) less than that of Upper Lake, its average depth is very much less, as much of the eastern half of Lower Lake is comparatively shallow. It was impossible to determine the natural fluctuation in the level of the lakes. Since the spring of 1901 they have been used as a storage reservoir by the Twin Lakes Reservoir Company. The surplus water of the basin is stored here during the flood season and later is withdrawn for the purpose of irrigating lands in the vicinity of Sugar City, Colo. A dam 18.5 feet (5.6 meters) high is now maintained in the old outlet and the present ents isacanal. The dam and the canal are so constructed that there is a difference of 25.5 feet (7.8 meters) between extreme high water and extreme low water in nee Lake. The possible variation in the level of Upper Lake is about 6 or 7 feet (2 meters) less, as already indicated. It is proposed, how- ever, to dredge the creek connecting the two lakes so that they may have the same possible fluctuation in level. Concerning the natural thactuation in level previous to the building of the dam, Powell stated, in 1891, ‘‘it is not likely that the surface of the lakes varies more than 2 feet in altitude during the year.” A STUDY OF TWIN LAKES, COLORADO. 153 AFFLUENTS. The principal affluent is Lake Creek, which rises in the Sawatch Range. Some dis- tance above the lakes the creek divides into two branches. The north or main branch has its beginnings in amphitheaters up near the crest of the mountains, a little to the northwest of Mount Elbert. It flows south and southeast for a distance of about 10 miles (16 kilometers), and then east about 8 miles (12.8 kilometers) into Upper Lake. The south fork rises in amphitheaters lying west and southwest of La Plata, flows northeast about 8 miles, and joins the north fork. Powell (1891) states that Lake Creek drains about 102 square miles (261 square kilometers) of high mountain coun- try. At present, however, not all the water of the creek reaches the lakes. About 5 miles (8 kilometers) above Upper Lake considerable water is diverted into a ditch which furnishes a water supply for placer mining in the vicinity of Granite. During the late summer, when the water in Lake Creek is especially low, it is said that so much is removed by this ditch that frequently portions of the creek below are entirely dry and large numbers of brook trout perish there. At the point where Lake Creek emerges from its canyon there was formerly a fall of suflicient height to prevent the trout from ascending the stream, but a few years ago much of this rock was removed by blasting and trout may now ascend the creek without difficulty. About a dozen other streams of various sizes contribute their quota of water to the lakes. CHARACTER OF SHORES AND BOTTOM. As stated before, the lakes are entirely surrounded by morainal detritus, so that the shores are composed very largely of sand and gravel. In places, however, there are rocks varying in size from mere cobblestones to huge bowlders. At present the cutting action of the waves on the shore is very slight in most places. At two points on Lower Lake, however, one on the north side and the other on the south side, the yvaves have recently been cutting the shores very rapidly. The increased height of the water caused by the dam has directed wave action at these points against loose morainal banks that are steep and easily cut away. Along some parts of Upper Lake the action of the ice on the shores was well illustrated by the small ridges of shore material that had been pushed up just a few feet back of the water's edge. The bottom of the shallower parts of the lakes is sandy and gravelly for the most part, but it is composed of bowlders of various sizes in some places. In the deeper water a marly deposit covers the bottom. TRANSPARENCY OF THE WATER. The transparency of the water of both lakes varied somewhat during the period of these observations. It was found that, in general, a Secchi’s disk just disappeared from view at a depth of about 18 feet (5.5 meters) early in July, and the water gradually became more transparent as the seasonadvanced, so that, by the middle of August, this depth had increased toa maximum of 29.5 feet (9 meters). The low transparency early in the season was due to the fact that the snow on the mountains was melting rapidly and the streams in consequence were swollen and more or less roily. As summer advanced they became smaller and their water became clear. 154 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES, The transparency of the water of the lakes was quickly affected by roily affluents. If a heavy rain occurred in Lake Creek Canyon so as to fill the water of the creek with silt. the water of the lakes soon responded with a marked decrease in trans- parency. The maximum transparency of these lakes exceeds by 10 feet (3 meters) that which the writer found in several lakes in southeastern Wisconsin in 1900, and it also exceeds by 21 feet (6.5 meters) that found in Winona Lake, Indiana, in 1901. These waters are not so transparent as Lake Tahoes however. Le Conte (1883) records that in August, 1873, he found that a white plate was still visible at a depth of 108 feet (33 meters) in Lake Tahoe, and in June, 1904, the present writer found the transparency to be 65 feet (19.8 meters). TEMPERATURE OF AIR AND WATER. The lakes are about 9,200 feet (2,804 meters) above sea level, consequently the water does not attain a very high temperature during the summer because of the climatic conditions at this altitude. In 1902 snow fell as late in the summer as July 5 and as early in the fall as August 25. In 1903 two or three inches of snow fell on June 10, and flurries were recorded for July 3. No snow was noted down as low as the lakes until September 6, but some of the surrounding mountains were covered as early as August 24. Some observations of the temperature of the air were made, but on account of other work, they were not taken on some days; and it was found impracticable, also, to make them each day at exactly the same hour. The average results, however, will give a general idea of the daily range of temperature. The following table shows the maxima, minima, and averages of readings taken between 6 and 7 a. m., 12 noon and 1 p. m., 6and 7 p. m., and 9 and 10 p. m. Maxima. | Minima. Averages. Num- “ ber of | — =a 3 = | Year. Month. Hour. | read. | Degrees | Degrees | Degrees | Degrees | Degrees | Degrees ings. | Fahren-| Centi- | Fahren-| Centi- Fahren- Centi- | a heit. | grade. heit. grade. heit. grade. | 1902) ULV ccs sceatan 627... Ms eed ctee seas | 15 3 BE 48.5 1902: |25 2:00 cee no= 19-1 pats siececcdsn tees 18 4 Vin 71.0 TO02 a keO Ors aes 6-7 PAM A oes eccnnceesoe 20 0 ;. 64.3 | 1902: | August....... G7 dete oe soe eee 20 48.0 1902 |....do | 15 5. 67.8 1902 do 21 f 61.2 1:1903-.'| July’. socssss 50 i5 | 8 50.3 } 1903 do a ll é 74.7 NGOS: |SeccOGireacen F.) was noted on August 7. The bottom temperature was about the same both summers and changed very little during the two months, averaging about 6.5° C. (43.82 F.). A STUDY OF TWIN LAKES, COLORADO. 157 6° 3° 10° 12° 14° 16° 6 8° 10° 12° 14° 16° os uly 14, 1902. —— _ July 16, 1903. Upper Lake. Lower Lake, ° e duly 14, 1903. e © August 28, 1903. Fie, 3. FIG. 4. Figure 3 represents two sets of observations on Upper Lake which were made just one year apart. These curves show that down to a depth of 17 meters (55 feet) the water was considerably warmer in 1902 than in 1903, and slightly warmer thence to the bottom. Figure + shows the comparatively slight change in temperature that occurred in Lower Lake between July 16 and August 28, 1903. The upper stratum became somewhat warmer and more thoroughly mixed, thus making the thermocline a little more pronounced. In 1902 the surface water had a temperature of 17.1° C. (62.8° F.) on August 21 and a maximum of 17° on August 7, 1903. 158 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. : ae - P ° 6 8° 10° 12° 14° 16° 0: 7 14° 13 15 17 0 reel Be a BS ee 4 4 o—_}>—_;—_ =| 16 [ 16 18 18 ee eee 20 20 22 lz 22 et Ea iL . aR Ee) ples ——~* Upper Lake, August 7, 1903. ——_ Upper Lake, August 28, 1903. e —— ¢ Lower Lake, August 7, 1908. oe ——e Lower Lake, August 28, 1903. Fie. 5, Fig. 6. Figures 5 and 6 are comparisons of the temperature readings obtained for the two lakes on August 7 and 28, 1908. During these three weeks the thermocline moved down about 3 meters (10 feet) in each lake. Both summers the temperature of Lower Lake throughout its entire depth was somewhat higher than that of Upper Lake. This condition may be attributed to the following factors: By far the greater part of the water which flows into Lower Lake during the summer comes from Upper Lake and thus has about the same temperature as the surface of the latter. The water flowing into Upper Lake, however, through all except one of its affluents was found to be 3° to 4° C. colder than the water above the thermocline. In 1903, for instance, the temperature of the water in Lake Creek, which is the chief affluent of Upper Lake, was 13.6° C. (56.5° F.) on August 7 and 11.2> C. (52.2- F.) on August 28. On these dates the surface temperatures of Upper Lake were, respectively, 16.1° C. (61° F.) and 15.4° C. (59.7° F.). On August 7 the A STUDY OF TWIN LAKES, COLORADO. 159 temperature of the water in some of the other affluents was as follows: Willis Creek, 12.6° C. (54.7° F.); creek flowing into Elbert Bay, 25.5° C. (78° F.); creek on Royston Point, 12.5° C. (54.5° F.), and the water of a spring on Royston Point had a tempera- ture of 6.4° C. (48.5° F.). Lower Lake is a little more than three times as large as Upper, and the wind is thus much more effective in disturbing the water of the super- thermocline region. As one result this stratum of water was about two and a half times as thick in Lower Lake as in Upper. On August 7, 1903, for example, it was 3 meters (10 feet) thick in Upper and 8 meters (26 feet) thick in Lower Lake. Likewise this greater disturbance of the water would affect the subthermocline by producing currents strong enough to affect the water throughout its entire depth. So large a portion of Lower Lake is comparatively shallow that its average depth is much less than that of Upper Lake. Thus, the sun is much more effective in warm- ing the water of the former. In the shallower water the light that is not absorbed by the water itself is changed to heat when it reaches the bottom, and most of this heat will be absorbed by the water above, so that nearly all the sun’s energy is used up in warming a tolerably thin stratum. Where the water is deeper the light will penetrate to a greater depth and the same amount of energy falling on an equal area will be distributed through a much larger quantity of water and will thus not raise its temperature so much. The following table shows two sets of temperature observations on each lake: Temperatures in Twin Lakes in summers of 1902 and 1903. = = ~~ UPPER LAKE. | LOWER LAKE, | | Depth. | — = SS Ss =r ill | | August 4, 1902. | August 7, 1903. || August 21,1902.) August 7, 1903. | | | Meters. Tes | 0.0 16.6 BAD Pepe or ac BOM | peertan se 5.0 16.6 GAO Seema o mwoor cow noo Lon oo ND AQUATIC VEGETATION. Potamogeton was found to be more abundant than any of the other large forms of aquatic plants. It grew in considerable abundance at the west end of Upper Lake, along the north side of Lower Lake, from North Bay west, and also in the shallow water of the east end. In some places where the water was 10 feet (3 meters) deep it came almost to the surface. Three different species and one variety were found, Potamogeton nuttallii, P. perfoliatus, P. perfoliatus richardsonii, and P. prelongus. One or two species of Cares were found in the pools of the swampy meadow west of Upper Lake and in a very few places along the edges of the lakes. Batrach/um trichophyllum also was found in the pools and in a few places in the lakes. 160 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. PLANKTON. ® FORMS. A comparatively small amount of phytoplankton was found in the lakes, and it consisted chiefly of diatoms, /ragtlaria, Asterionella, and Melos‘ra. A small portion of it consisted of some colonies of a green alga, apparently a species of Protococcus, and an oceasional desinid, Stwurastrwin. The following animal forms were found in the plankton of the two lakes:” Rotirera. Anurea cochlearis Gosse. Triarthra longiseta Ehrenberg. Anurea aculeata Ehrenberg. Polyarthra sp. Notholea longispina Kellicott. Asplanchna sp. CopEpoDa. Diaptomus judayi Marsh. Cyclops albidus Jurine. Cyclops pulchellus Koch. Cyclops viridis americanus Marsh. Cyclops serrulatus Fischer. : CLADOCERA. Daphnia hyalina richardi Burekhardt. Alona aflinis O. F. Miller. Latona setifera O. F. Miller. Alona guttata Sars. Drepanothrix dentata Eurén. Graptoleberis testudinaria Fischer, Eurycercus lamellatus O. F. Muller. Pleuroxus procuryatus Birge. Camptocercus rectirostris biserratus Schoedler. Chydorus spheericus O. F. Muller. The following Cladocera were obtained from pools in the swampy meadow west of Upper lake: Daphnia pulex De Geer. Euryeercus lamellatus O. F. Muller. Scapholeberis mucronata O. F. Miller. Camptocercus rectirostris biserratus Schoedler. Simocephalus vetulus O. F. Muller. Pleuroxus procuryatus Birge. Ceriodaphnia pulchella Sars. Some plankton material was collected in a lakelet above the town of Twin Lakes on Mount Elbert. This small body of water has an altitude of about 10,000 feet (8,050 meters). The Cladocera were represented by Daphnia pulew, Simocephalus vetulus, Pleurovus procurvatus, and Chydorus sphericus. Some material was obtained also from Willis Lake, which is situated near the head of Willis Gulch, a little southwest of Twin Lakes, and has an altitude of about 12,000 feet (3,660 meters). The water was found to be very cold, the banks of snow which were the source of supply being only a short distance away. Gammarus was plentiful, and the Cladocera were represented by two forms, J/acrothria hirsuticornis Norman & Brady and Lurycercus lamellatus O. F. Miller. QUANTITY. The plankton observations on the two lakes were few in number and consisted only of vertical hauls. In 1902 the observations on Upper Lake consisted of two series of catches in July and four in August. A single set of catches was made in Lower Lake in August. In 1903 three sets of catches were made on each lake. The observations “Tam indebted to Dr. C. Dwight Marsh for this list of Copepoda. The Diaptomus proved to be a new species and Dr. Marsh has recently described it. A STUDY OF TWIN LAKES, COLORADO. 161 were so few in number and covered such a brief period of time each year that they give only a fragmentary notion of the plankton life of the lakes. Likewise the vertical haul method is by no means a satisfactory one and both of these factors must be taken into consideration in the results given below. The following table shows the number of thousands of individuals per square meter of surface. With the exception of a few figures for the rotifers, these numbers are averages of either two or three hauls. The rotifers were not counted in all the catches, so that in a few instances the numbers given for them represent only the individuals of a single catch. Quantity of plankton in Twin Lakes, as shown by series of vertical hauls during summers of 1902 and 1903. [Average number of thousands of individuals per square meter. | | UPPER LAKE. LOWER LAKE. 1902. 1903. 1902. 1903. Sp “€ i Ss. at 7 7. ie fe i Tes =F. July— August— July— » || ‘i 2 of speci. | Average | of speck | AYerage Food elements. mens roe Food elements. mens | P i in which) jo, }in which | 5 | found. | element, | found. | element. : = : = | eee = | Mammal remains ..........-.....-.... 1 | 42,0 | Chironomus (lary and pup®)....--. 12 10.3 Bishi PemMains -<52u. case seenass sae seus 42 | 67.3 || Simulium (larye).......---.....2.0.. 3 68.3 araneida (spiders) ... 20... sceccens eas | x, LOW! ||| COLCOPLORA Sans ccassceees ence aleve 37 22.2 Odonata. . | 2) 25.5: |MHYmenopters: =. o: ssncesceenscee esas 21 5.6 Orthopterdsi 322252225. tee oseeste es 3 | 4.3 || Insect fragments: ..-.3..22-2-20¢-2-44 61 | 55.1 Hemiptera 2.22 6. Se ces eeee cc se away | 11 |} 2.6 || Crustacea ....... 16 | 37.3 ELIGHODLEL als ccs 'eea a ae swans dea aeenates Bia 4.7 || Mollusca ...... | 1 | 40.0 Lepidoptera (moths).......-...-.--... | 27 | 13.6 | Vegetable débris 26 35.6 Diptera. erence nett inc decst ee weeee | 35 | 859) Sandan di Pravel-cecccc nee ceease te 19 41.8 About a fourth of the fish remains were positively identified as remains of young suckers (C. commersoni?) but the rest were not recognizable. These results do not agree with the observations of Chambers (1887), who states that the rainbow trout introduced into England ‘‘is more delicate in its appetite than other varieties of Sal- monide, and therefore is not prone to the same temptations to cannibalistic attacks A STUDY OF TWIN LAKES, COLORADO. 167 upon its congeners.” In the present case, out of a total of 106 specimens containing food, 42 had partaken of fish; and while all the remains that could be identified were found to be suckers, it does not seem at all unlikely that the rainbow occasionally preys upon young trout too, since small fish constitute such an important element of its food. Of the 16 specimens that contained Crustacea, one had eaten Gaminarus, one copepods, another Diaptomi and Daphnia, while the other 13 had partaken of Daphnia only. One stomach contained 1,350 Daphnia. The vegetable débris consisted of spruce leaves, pieces of wood, otamogeton leaves, and alge. One stomach contained a piece e cotton twine and another a feather. Much of the vegetable débris was probably taken by accident, but some had apparently been eaten on purpose. Much of the sand was probably derived from the cases of trichopter lary. Mackinaw trout (Cristivomer namaycush).—Two Mackinaw trout were obtained. One was 30 inches (76 centimeters) long, and its stomach contained a trout 7 inches (17.5 centimeters) long anda few insect fragments; the other specimen was 33 inches (84 centimeters) long, but its stomach was empty. Mr. Willis examined the stomachs of several large specimens caught in 1903 and found that they contained almost nothing but young suckers. Milner (1874) states that in the Great Lakes this trout feeds principally on the cisco (Argyrosomus hoy?). ‘*It is not an unusual thing for a trout to swallow a fish too large for its stomach and the tail protrudes from his mouth until the forward part is digested.” He also says that it eats refuse from the tables of passing steam- ers; such articles as peeled potatoes, pieces of liver, green corncobs, and fragments of ham bones having been found in stomachs. (Goode (1884) says that Mackinaw trout are as omnivorous as cod. Small brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).—Twenty-nine specimens of small brook trout from 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 centimeters) long were obtained in July and August, 1902. They were caught in Lake Creek, above and between the lakes, and in Upper Lake. The stomachs of all of them contained food, and most of them were esti- mated to be from a third to two-thirds full. Contents of stomachs of 29 small brook trout. placaee Average | A Average Food elements. mens eas Food elements. mens | pene vent jin which | .), }in which . | found. element. | found. | element. i pHeMeN dies aceenees a= seeeeies ce 11 59.0 | Chironomus (larve and pupe)....... | 11 | 20.3 let 1] 25.0 || Simulium (larve)-.......... 4 46.2 rthoptera . 2 22.5 || Coleoptera .....- ay 5.0 Lepidoptera (moths) 1 20.0 | Insect fragments . 22 63.6 Diptera =.=... - wafeaiciemitceise tate 10 33.7 | Vegetable débris 1 10.0 Large brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).—The specimens of larger brook trout numbered 127 and varied in length from 4 to 13 inches (10 to 33 centimeters). Of this number, 117 were caught in Lake Creek above Upper Lake, 7 in Upper and 3 in Lower Lake. Only one stomach was empty; 79 were estimated to be a third full or more and the remainder a quarter full or less. 16a BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Contents of stomachs of 126 large brook trout. | AoE | Average || | tee Average Food elements. mens | eee Food elements. mens | perceny in which exe. in which] .),-0 | found. element. ATA. if lement. | Fish remains’... ccas--orcsasa-seesue 2 92553 || DIDLETB sscen cients seea sooner ee eee 18 | \raneida 8 12.4 || Chironomus (larve and pupz)....... 42 | Hydrachnide 13 | 4.4 | Coleoptera -. Ne 43 | Ephemerida......-..--. Se 2 34.0 | Hymenoptera . | 85 | Orthopterap. = n> =<. cesses cere aay 10 | 47.0 | Insect fragments .... 85 | Hemiptera .... ajeraatas mielelaiare 8 13.6 | Crustacea (Entomostre 2 | Neuropterac.c-cnwceacente sass scter { 2 | 10.0 || Vegetable débris ..............0-200%. 71 | Trichopteras 2..<28ecre.e-s oe eee ee 4 22.5, || Sand’and'gravel-<< o.-neecene Neuroptera...-----------~ Mrichoptersi as. o.- ce. Lepidoptera Diptera’---- <.-.- Chironomus (larve, Simulium (larve) Coleoptera........-.- shoneccedcoecsecoce EEVIMERODLELM gies scce cman cece ace eeee Insectirapmentso.- =. 25 222225 - cs 222 OYXUISEAC Cais Se ames fae eines ome pup). cy PALS I RnR co) 1 WKOMER OS nae emenc estes -asscncosocetena) | JcM Rees eee ere) yal Siar 1) Ieee a Roan (ee ae i (ee aie le Vegetable débriss.-sseecsscss ot nesneee 8.70 34 S6H05i | Sesneseee lp pandtandieravele sss ess. coe er nee Cid il Baceaaeeane FEY NS ase Twenty-two items appear in the above table, and all except one (sand and gravel) may be regarded as sources of nourishment. While much of the vegetable matter had no food value and was probably taken largely by accident, still, ina considerable number of cases, it was digestible material which would afford nourishment, and was present in such quantities as to indicate that it had been eaten purposely. The table shows that there was considerable difference in the diet of the different species. The landlocked salmon (Salmo sebago) had partaken of 12 out of the 21 items of food; the greenback trout (S. stemas) 12; the rainbow trout (8. 7r/deus shasta) 17; small brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) 10; and large brook trout 16. Thus the rainbow had the greatest variety in its diet. The mammal remains consisted chiefly of the bones of a small mammal, appar- ently a mouse, eaten by a rainbow trout. These four species of trout differed very widely in the relative amount of fish consumed, The landlocked salmon had partaken most freely, fish remains constitu- ting an average of more than 1-third of the stomach contents; the rainbow trout ranked second in this respect; while the brook trout had eaten most sparingly of this kind of food. It is interesting to note in this connection, however, that all the fish remains that could be identified were found to be young suckers. The last table shows how important insects are in the food of these trout during the summer. On anaverage, they constituted 40.9 per cent of all the material found in the stomachs of landlocked salmon; 71.5 per cent in greenback trout; 50.1 in rain- bow trout; 99.6 in the small brook trout; and 58.6 in the large brook trout. The fry that were examined were entirely dependent on insects for their food. With the exception of the small brook trout and the fry, the insect material found in the ' 170 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. specimens consisted chiefly of such forms as fell into the water accidentally. In yiew of this fact, and also in view of the dietetic importance of these insects, a study of the food of these trout during the long winter period when the lakes are covered with ice would be very interesting, as well as necessary to a good understanding of their food habits. The winter period is, undoubtedly, the most critical for them so far as food is concerned. That food was sufficiently abundant during the summer was shown by the good physichal condition of the trout, and by the quantity of fat that was found ihn most of them. The rainbow and the large brook trout had the greatest variety of insect diet. Each had partaken of 10 of the 13 items listed, while the greenback trout had par- taken of Sand the landlocked salmon 7. Not more than three or four forms of insects, however, played an important réle in the food supply of any species of trout. Named in the order of their importance, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, Diptera, and Simulium constituted by far the greater bulk of the recognizable insect food of the landlocked salmon, the four together making up an average of 36.1 per cent of the stomach contents in all the specimens. Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Orth- optera were the important insect elements in the food of the greenback trout, and together constituted 46.3 per cent of the stomach contents. The rainbow trout had eaten most freely of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera, but these three made up only 14.1 per cent of the stomach contents. A comparison of the results obtained for the small and the large brook trout shows that they differed greatly in their insect food. The small ones fed freely on May-fly nymphs and on the larve and pupee of Ch/ronomus and Stimulium. Adult Diptera ranked second in importance, however, being exceeded only by the May-fly nymphs. These four groups together made up a little over 48 per cent of the food of these specimens. Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, and Ch/ronomus formed the most important part of the insect food of the large brook trout, and together constituted 22.1 per cent of the stomach contents. Diptera, Chzronomus, and Lepidoptera were the most important elements of the food of the trout fry. The Ephemerida were represented almost entirely by nymphs, and the Trichoptera by larvee. The Lepidoptera consisted almost entirely of moths, and by far the greater part of the Hymenoptera were ants. The high percentages of Coleoptera were undoubtedly due, in a great measure, to.the resistance of the chitinous elytra and other coverings to the process of digestion. Examination of some trout from streams in the region of Mount Whitney, Cali- fornia, revealed the fact that in those waters also only a few forms of insects were an important part of the trout food. In 12 specimens obtained from the South Fork of the Kaweah River, the three most important elements of the food, which consisted entirely of insects, were chironomid larvee and pup 15 per cent, Coleoptera 15, and trichopter larvee 11.2. In 6 trout from Soda Creek, the most important elements were as follows: Trichopter larvie, 30.8 per cent; Plecoptera, adults and nymphs, 9.2; and Orthoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera each 4.1 per cent. In 41 speci- mens from Little Kern River, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were each 15 per cent of the food. The following percentages of insect food were obtained for 18 speci- mens of the golden trout (Salmo roosevelt?) from Voleano Creek: Plecoptera (adults and nymphs), 12.2; Trichoptera (adults and larvee), 7.2; ephemerid nymphs, 7. A STUDY OF TWIN LAKES, COLORADO. WA Thirty-three specimens of Twin Lakes trout in all had eaten Crustacea. Of this number, 26 had eaten only Daphnia, 1 had eaten only copepods, + had eaten both Daphnia and copepods, and 2 had eaten only Gammarus. The insignificance of Gammarus as an element of food was rather surprising, as it was abundant in both lakes. The vegetable matter that was found in the various stomachs consisted of such things as small pieces of wood, spruce leaves, seeds and seedpods of land plants, roots, Potamogeton leaves, and alge. It seems probable that most of the sand and gravel was taken by accident. Much of it was, no doubt, derived from the cases of some of the trichopter larve. Judging from the difference in the percentages of sand and grayel, it seems that the landlocked salmon and the rainbow trout feed on the bottom much more extensively than either the greenback or the brook trout. PLANKTON CRUSTACEA AS FISH FOOD. It is frequently stated that the Entomostraca are very important factors in the food of many fishes, but we have very little definite information as to the kinds, the relative proportions, or the numbers of these small crustaceans eaten by the different fishes. It is known, of course, that plankton crustacea are an important element of the food of some fishes, such as the whitefish and herring, but here, even, we know little of the relative importance of the different Entomostraca. There is likewise great need of extending our knowledge as to the importance of these minute crusta- ceans in the diet of fishes that are not regarded as plankton feeders; and in spite of the emphasis that has been laid on the fact that they are of supreme importance to fish fry, here, too, definite information is by no means as extensive as it should be. A brief summary of some of the results obtained by several observers is given below. Knox (1834) observed that the vendace (Coregonus) fed exclusively on micro- scopic animals of the class Entomostraca. Baird (1857) mentions the fact that “delicate Jittle crustaceans” were found in the stomachs of Loch Leven trout (Salmo fario levenensis), of the charr Salmo salvelinus, and of the vendace ( Coregonus willughbii). The crustaceans mentioned in this connection are Daphnia, Bosmina coregont, and Cypris. Jardine (1857) states that stomachs of the vendace (Coregonus) were tound filled with Entomostraca. In speaking of the food of the trout in Loch Leyen, Francis (1868) says that large quantities of Entomostraca were often found in their stomachs. Smith (1874) found Daphnia in the stomachs of six specimens of Coregonus albus. Barturth (1874) found microscopic Entomostraca in the stomachs of Alosa vulgaris. Between 1878 and 1888 Forbes made a careful study of the food of many Illinois fishes. He examined young belonging to 12 families and 26 genera, and found that the representatives of only one genus had not been feeding more or less extensively on Entomostraca. In examining both young and adults, he found that specimens belonging to more than 50 genera, representing 16 families, partook of Entomostraca during some period of their lives. He also states (1893) that two specimens of young trout taken at the mouth of Bridge Creek, Wyoming, had been feeding on Poly- phemus pediculus and Daphnia pulex. V2 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Ryder (1881) says that the food of young shad consists almost entirely of very small crustaceans, in reality for the most part Daphnidie and Lynceide. In speaking of the adult shad, he states that he found a large quantity of a copepod, apparently a Cyclops, in the stomach of a spawning female. He says that there were probably a hundred thousand of these copepods in the stomach. Brook (1887) found that very young cod and saith fed almost entirely on copepods. Brook and Calderwood (1886) state that copepods supply the principal food of the herring during the summer months, and ostracods were found occasionally. Frié and Vavra (1894 and 1901) found plankton Crustacea in the stomachs of several species of fresh-water fishes. Herdman (1894) states that by far the most important constituent of the food of young plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) seems to be the Harpacticidee, especially the species Jonesidla hyene. Records for nearly 900 specimens show that sizes of about an inch (2.5 centimeters) in length live mainly on Copepoda. He also found that cope- pods form a part of the food of specimens 3 inches (7.5 centimeters) or more in length. Herdman and A. Scott (1895) state that after the larval marine fishes which they studied have absorbed the food supply stored up in the yolk-sac they pass to the stage in which copepods form their chief food. In his investigations on Lake St. Clair, Reighard (1894) found that Daphnide and Copepoda were eaten by various fish laryee and the lake herring. Peck (1894 and 1896) found ostracods in the stom- achs of menhaden and copepods in the stomach of a scup. In speaking of his investi- gations on the Great Lakes, Ward (1896) says that the smaller forms of crustaceans are eaten by the fish fry directly, and are sometimes the immediate food of the larger fishes. Walter (1895-1899) obtained some interesting results in this respect in his studies of the food of fishes. I have not seen his own statements concerning these results, but Steuer (1901) says the following of them: ‘‘ Nach den Untersuchungen E. Walter’s kénnen wir den Sutz aufstellen, dass ganz alleemein die Menge des vor- handenen thierischen Planktons direkt proportional ist der Menge der in dem Teiche itberhaupt vorhandenen Fischnahrung. Die Gesammtproduction an thierischen Plankton steht somit in geradem Verhiiltniss zum Zuwachs der Fische, d. h. je mehr Plankton, desto grésser der Zuwachs, je weniger Plankton, desto geringer der Zuwachs.” . In describing an observation made on Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, Birge (1897) says that ‘‘ The surface water was crowded with Daphnia, and an immense number of perch were feeding on them.” Scourfield (1898) states that three specimens of the three-spined stickleback ( Gasterosteus auculeatus) and three roach (Leueiscus rutilus) which he examined had been feeding extensively on several forms of Entomostraca. Huitfeldt-Kaas (1898) found 50,000 Bosmina in the stomach of a Coregonus lavaretus. He says that Bythoreptes longimanus was the usual species found in the stomachs of trout and Coregonus, and next came Bosmina obtusirostris and Daphnia galeata. Nordgaard (1900) says that Calanus ginmarchicus constitutes the main part of the food of the herring along the coast of Norway, and also (1905) that the ostracod Cypridina norvegica was found to constitute part of the food of the cod (Gadus callarias). A STUDY OF TWIN LAKES, COLORADO. 173 T. Scott (1901) notes that the smaller crustaceans (schizopods, amphipods, and copepods) form a very important part of the food of the young marine fishes which he studied. Steuer (1901) found that 39 specimens of fresh-water fishes, varying in length from 5.5 to 13.5 centimeters and belonging to five different species, had partaken more or less freely of plankton crustacea. He found that a specimen of Scardinius erythrophthalmus 7 centimeters long had eaten 2,000 to 8,000 Chydorus sphericus, and a slightly larger Carass‘us (Karausche) about 5,000 Acroperus harpe. Needham (1903) notes the presence of Daphnia in the stomachs of two brook trout out of 25 which he examined. Kofoid (1903) found that the annual production of plankton and the output of the fisheries of the Illinois River show some correlation in their changes from year to year. Considered with respect to whether plankton crustacea form any part of their food supply at any stage of their existence, trout readily fall into two groups, resulting from differences in habitat. The one group includes the trout that live in mountain streams. They can not depend upon these minute crustaceans for a supply of food because the waters of these streams are generally too wild and rapid for the development of plankton life. Occasionally, of course, there may be favored localities where pools are quiet enough for the growth of such organisms, but these are rare. The fry of trout which regularly inhabit lakes, but which ascend streams to spawn, must depend upon some other source of food while they are in the streams. This was well illustrated by the fry obtained in Lake Creek, whose food consisted entirely of insects. The other group is composed of trout that inhabit lakes. Here the conditions are favorable for the development of plankton organisms, and the trout may draw upon the plankton crustacea for food. That these crustaceans may form an element of the food of some trout for a considerable period of time is shown by the fact that they were found in stomachs of specimens that had reached a length of 12 to 15 inches (30.5 to 38 centimeters). It seems a little strange that trout of this size should be able to obtain such large numbers of these small crustaceans with an appa- ratus apparently so very poorly adapted to procuring such minute organisms. The investigations relating to the food of marine fishes show that copepods are by far the most important element of the entomostracan part of their food, the Cladocera being negligible. Almost the reverse of this, however, was found to be true of the trout of Twin Lakes. Out of 31 specimens that had eaten Entomostraca, 26 had eaten only Cladocera (Daphnia), 1 only copepods, and 4 both Daphnia and copepods. In the four instances in which both had been eaten, the Daphnsa consti- tuted thirteen times as much of the stomach contents, on an average, as the copepods. Huitteldt-Kaas (1898) says concerning his results, ** Im Ganzen genommen die Daph- nien viel hiufiger in dem Fischemagen anzutreffen als die Copepoden.” He thinks the explanation of this lies in the fact that the Daphnide, with their slow, regular movements, are more easily obtained than the copepods with their irregular, jumping ‘movements. Steuer (1901), however, thinks that the predominance of Cladocera is due chiefly to their greater size, and secondly to their greater abundance. — It is true, of course, that the copepods found in Twin Lakes are more powerful swimmers than the Daphnia, and are more irregular in their movements, so that it would be more difficult for the trout to capture them. Itis also true that Dap/jnia are slightly larger than the copepods, and for this reason could be more easily obtained, while, also, the 174 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. latter, being long and slender, would be more likely to pass through the straining apparatus of the trout. The differences in size and shape would be particularly effective in permitting the copepods to escape from the larger trout, which have a rather coarse straining apparatus. With respect to size, however, it may be said that the only Entomostraca repre- sented in the food of some specimens of Salmo henshawi from Lake Tahoe were two species of Daphnia, while the large copepod Episch ura nevadensis was found to be more abundant in the lake at the time than Daphnia. So faras size is concerned, therefore, it would seem that this copepod could be obtained by the trout as easily as the Daphnia. As to the point that the Cladocera are more abundant, it is only nec- essary to say that adult copepods were nearly as abundant in Twin Lakes in 1902 as Daphnia, ad were more abundant in 1908. Also, at the time of the above observa- tion on Lake Tahoe in 1904, the copepods were much more abundant than Daphnia. There is some doubt, however, as to whether the very great predominance of Daphnia over copepods in these instances is fully accounted for by the three factors that have been considered—namely, differences in movement, size, and shape. But no other factors were apparent. It was thought, at first, that possibly small swarms of Daphnia might contribute to the explanation, but no evidence whatever of any unusual aggregations of these was found. Asingle catch of trout will serve to show, still further, the striking difference in the rdle played by these two forms of Crus- tacea as sources of food. Ten rainbow trout whose stomachs contained Entomostraca were caught in the pool below the dam in the outlet canal of Twin Lakes within an hour one afternoon. Of this number 9 had eaten only Daphnia, while the tenth had eaten both copepods and Duphiia. The specimens were all about the same in size— 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 em.)—so that their straining apparatus should have been equally effective. Since one trout was able to secure copepods, and it was one of the larger specimens, it hardly seems probable that the other nine were unable to secure them also, either on account of the irregular movements, the small size, the slender form, or the seareity of the copepods, as these were more abundant than Daphnia in the water that was flowing into the pool. From what has already been said, it will be seen that many species of fish are important factors in the destruction of plankton crustacea. Hence, this fact must be taken into account in a quantitive consideration of this element of the plankton of a body of water inhabited by these fishes. Immense numbers of minute crustaceans are destroyed by the trout in Twin Lakes. One greenback trout 12 inches (80 centi- meters) long had eaten 4,500 Daphnia; another 14 inches (35 centimeters), 2,250, and the stomach of a rainbow trout 15 inches (88 centimeters) long contained 1,300. Over 16 per cent of the greenback and. rainbow trouts whose stomachs contained food, had eaten Daphnia, the number eaten by each individual varying from about o0 or 75 up to 4,500. When it is considered that these figures represent the number consumed by each trout at a single meal, and also that the lakes were well populated with these two species of trout, we can see how enormously they affect the numbers of Daphnias. In this connection it is interesting to note also that the stomach of a 15-inch Tahoe trout (Si/mo henshaw/) which was examined during the summer of 1904 contained 1,700 Daphnias, about two-thirds of which were D. hyalina and one- third 2. pulex. The above numbers, moreover, do not represent the entire drain A STUDY OF TWIN LAKES, COLORADO. 175 upon these small crustaceans. The great majority of the adult females had either eggs or developing embryos in their brood chambers. Whether the eggs are destroyed during their passage through the alimentary canal or not is still an open question. Frié and Vavra (1894) found that summer eges sometimes pass through the canal undigested, but they did not determine whether these eggs had lost their vital power. Steuer (1901), however, raised a Ceriodaphnia from an ephippium which was taken from the intestine of a fish. But, even if the majority of the eggs escaped digestion and developed afterwards, it hardly seems probable that the embryos escaped also, and they alone represented a very large additional loss. Steuer (1901) calls attention to the likelihood of overestimating the value of Entomostraca as a direct source of food for fishes. He thinks that, in very many cases, they enter the digestive tract of the fish only indirectly; that is, after being eaten by some animal which is in turn eaten by the fish. There was no room for doubt as to their being eaten directly by the trout in these cases. In a number of instances there was nothing else in the stomachs; and in stomachs which contained additional food the additional food in most instances consisted of insects that had accidentally fallen into the water, and these of course had not been feeding on Entomostraca. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Asporr, C. C. 1878. Notes on some fishes of the Delaware River. Report U. S. Fish Commission, 1875-76 (1878), p. 825-845. Barrp, SPENCER F. 1872. The food of the sea-herring. Annual Record of Science and Industry for 1871, p. 208-210. 1872. Food for young trout. Ibid., 1871, p. 217. 1872. Nutrition of young fish in hatching establishments. Ibid., 1871, p. 350-352. 1873. Food of shad. Ibid., 1872, p. 426. 1874. Food of the basking shark. Ibid., 1873, p. 328-829. 1874. 1874. Food for diminutive trout. Ibid., 1873, p. 447. 1874. Increase in the growth of trout. Ibid., 1873, p. 448. 1875. Food of the shad. Ibid., 1874, p. 310-311. 1876. Food for trout. Ibid., 1875, p. 483-434. Bairp, W. 1857. Notes on the food of some fresh-water. fishes, more particularly the vendace and trout. Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, n.s., vol. v1, 1857, p. 17-24. BarrurtuH, D. 1876. Ueber Nahrung und Lebensweise der Salme, Forellen, und Maifische. Inaugural dissertation. 41 p. Translated by O. Jacobson, in Report U.S. Fish Commission, 1873-74 and 1874-75 (1876), p. 735-759. Brarpstey, A. E. 1902. Notes on Colorado Entomostraca. Transactions American Microscopical Society, vol. xxi, p. 41-48. 1902. Brrce, E. A. 1897. Plankton studies on Lake Mendota (II). Transactions Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, vol. x1, 1897, p. 274-448, 28 pl. 1904. The thermocline and its biological significance. Transactions American Microscopical Society, vol. xxv, 1904, p. 5-33, 2 pl. Brook, G. 1886. Preliminary account of the food of the haddock. Fourth Annual Report of Fishery Board for Scotland, app. F, no. 6, p. 128-134. 1886. 1886a. Preliminary report on the food of the cod. Fourth Annual Report of Fishery Board for Scotland, app. F, no. 6, p. 134-147. 18°5. 1887. Notes on the food of young Gadidae. Fifth Annual Report of Fishery Board for Scotland, app. F, no. 10, p. 326-327. Brook, G., and Catperwoop, W. L. 1886. Report on the food of the herring. Fourth Annual Report of Fishery Board for Scotland, app. F, no. 6, p. 102-128. 1886. 176 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Cuamerns, W.O. 1889. Rainbow trout in England. Journal National Fish Cultural Association of England, vol. 1, no. 1. Extract in Bulletin U. 8. Fish Commission, vol. vu1,1889, p. 39-40. Forses, 8. A. 1878. The food of Iliinois fishes. Bulletin Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 71-89, 1878. The food of fishes. Ibid., vol. 1, no. 3, p. 18-65, 1880. On the food of young fishes. Ibid., vol. 1, no. 8, p. 66-79, 1880. The food of the smaller fresh-water fishes. Ibid., vol. 1, no. 6, p. 65-94, 1883. 1883a. The first food of the common whitefish (Coregonus clupeiformis Mitch.). Ibid., vol. 1, no. 6, p. 95-109, 1883. 1888. Studies of the food of fresh-water fishes. Ibid., vol. 11, p. 483-473, 1888. 1888a. On the food relations of fresh-water fishes: a summary and discussion. Ibid., vol. 1m, p- 475-538, 1888. 1890, Preliminary report upon the invertebrate animals inhabiting Lakes Geneva and Mendota, Wisconsin, with an account of the fish epidemic in Lake Mendota in 1884. Bulletin U.S. Fish Commission, vol. vir, 1890, p. 473-487, 2 pl. 1893. A preliminary report on the aquatic invertebrate fauna of the Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, and of the Flathead Region of Montana. Bulletin U.S. Fish Commission, ~ vol. x1, 1893, p. 207-258, 6 pl. Francis, F. 1868. Natural food of trout. Vid. American Fish Culture, T. Norris, p. 231-241., 1868. Fric, A., und VAvra, W. 1894. Die Thierwelt des Unterpocernitzer und Gatterschlager Teiches. Archiv fir naturwissen- schattliche Landesdurchforschung von Boemen, bd. 1x, nro. 2, 1894. 1901. Untersuchung des Elbeflusses und seiner Altwasser. Ibid., bd. x1, nro. 8, 154 p. 1901. Futtron, T. W. 1889. Inquiries into the nature of the food, the spawning, habits, etc., of marine food fishes. Seventh Annual Report of Fishery Board for Scotland, pt. 3, p. 182-185. 1902. The distribution, growth, and food of the angler (Lophius piscatorius). Twenty-first Annual Report of Fishery Board for Scotland, pt. 11, p. 186-217. Giuu, T. 1874. Natural and economical history of the Gourami (Osphromenus goramy). Report U.S. Fish Commission, 1872-73 (1874), p. 710-28. Goong, G. B. 1884. Natural history of useful aquatic animals. The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, pt. m1, Fishes, p. 169-682, 1884. Haypen, F. V. 1874. Twin Lakes. Annual Report U. 8. Geological Survey of the Territories for 187% (1874) p. 47 and 454, fig. 10 and 11. 1876. Glacial Lakes. Ibid., 1874 (1876), p. 48-50, 2 pl. Herpmax, W. A. Report on the inyestigations carried on in 1893 in connection with the Lancashire Sea-Fisheries Laboratory at University College, Liverpool,.36 p., 1894. 4 Huirrerpt-Kaas, H. 1898. Das Plankton in norwegischen Binnenseen. Biologisches Centralplatt, bd. xvii, 1898, p. 625-36. ’ Jarpixe, W. 1857. Note to Dr. Davy’s paper on the vendace of Derwentwater. Edinburgh Philo- sophical Journal, n. s., vol. v, 1857, p. 349-50. Jorpax, D. 8. 1891. Explorations in Colorado and Utah during the summer of 1889. Bulletin U.S. Fish Commission, vol. 1x, 1891, p. 1-40, 5 pl. Jupay, C. 1903. The Plankton of Winona Lake. Proceedings Indiana Academy of Sciences for 1902 (1903), p. 120-133. 1906. Food of the trout of the Kern River region, in The golden trout of the Southern High Sierras, by B. W. Evermann. Bulletin U. 8S. Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxv, 1905, p. 48-49. 1906. Kenpant, W. C. 1898. Notes on the food of four species of the cod family. Report U. 8. Fish Com- mission, 1896 (1898), p. 177-186. Kwox, R. 1834. Observations on the natural history of the salmon, herring, and yvendace. Transac- tions Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. xu, 1834, p. 462-518, 1 pl. A STUDY OF TWIN LAKES, COLORADO. 177 Kororp, C. A. 1903. The Plankton of the Illinois River, 1894-1899, with introductory notes upon the hydrography of the Illinois River and its Basin. Pt. 1, Quantitative investigations and general . results. Bulletin Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, vol. v1, p. 95-629, 50 pl. Le Conte, J. 1883 and 1884. Physical Studies of Lake Tahoe. Overland Monthly, vol. 1, sec. ser., p- 506-16, 595-612, and vol. 11, p. 41-6. Leipy, J. 1868. Food of the shad. Proceedings Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, 1868, p. 228. McIxtosu, W. C. 1885. Report of the Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. Third Annual Report of Fishery Board for Scotland, app. F, no. 3, p. 55-67, 1884-85. MarsHauy, W. §8., and Grigert, N. C. 1905. Notes on the food and parasites of some fresh-water fishes from the lakes at Madison,Wis. Report U. 8. Bureau of Fisheries, 1904 (1905), p. 513-22. Marruews, J. D. 1887. The food of the whiting (Gadus merlangus). Fifth Annual Report of Fishery Board for Scotland, app. F, no. 9, p. 317-25. Miner, J. W. 1874. Report on the fisheries of the Great Lakes. Report U. 8. Fish Commission 1872-73 (1874), p. 1-78. 1874a. Notes on the grayling of North America. Ihbid., p. 729-42. Moorr, H. F. 1898. Herring fisheries of the northeast coast. Report U. 8. Fish Commission 1896 (1898), p. 387-442. Neepuam, J. G. 1903. Food of the brook trout in Bone Pond. Bulletin 68, N. Y. State Museum, pt. u, p. 204-17. NoRDGAARD, O. 1900. Undersogelser i fjordene ved Bergen 1899. Bergens Museums Aarbog 1900, no. rv, p. —38, 2 pl. 1905. Hydrographical and biological investigations in Norwegian fiords, pt. 111, Bottom Life, p. 155-194. Bergens Museums Aarbog, 1905. Norris, T. 1868. American fish culture. 304 p. 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Annual Report Nebraska Board of Agriculture, 1897, p. 272-9; also in Studies Zoological Laboratory, University of Nebraska, no. 28. 1903. Some notes on fish food in the lakes of the Sierras. Transactions American Fishery Society, vol. xxxu, p. 218-20. Wesreatr, L. G. 1905. The Twin Lakes glaciated area, Colorado. Journal of Geology, vol. x1. p. 285-312. ZACHARIAS, Orro. 1895. Die mikroskopische Organismenwelt des Susswassers in ihrer Beziehung zur Ernibrung der Fische. Separatabdruck aus dem Jahresberichte des Central Fischerei-Vereins fir Schleswig-Holstein, 1892-93, p. 3-24. ANONYMOUS. : 1868. A New Jersey fish farm. Harper’s Weekly, vol. xu, p. 381-2. HAWAIIAN CIRRIPEDIA. By HENRY A. PILSBRY, Sc. D. Svecial Curator, Department of Mollusca, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. BUREAU OF FISHERIES DOCUMENT NO. 617. 179 HAWAIIAN CIRRIPEDIA. By HENRY A. PINSBRY, Sc. D. Special Curator, Department of Mollusca, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. In the course of dredging and trawling in Hawaiian waters during the summer of 1902, the steamer Albatross obtained a varied and interesting series of cirripedes, which are described in the following pages. With the exception of a single species of Bulanus all the specimens were taken at depths of from 60 to 800 fathoms, most of them from between 200 and 300 fathoms. The shore cirripedes of the islands are still practically unknown, only a few scat- tered records appearing in the monographs of Darwin and Gruvel. Cirripedes have a practical importance chiefly from the prolific growth of the shore forms on all submarine objects, Balanus, Conchoderma, and Lepas largely composing the growths fouling ships’ bottoms, buoys, ete. Since most forms do not penetrate wood, such growths are not permanently injurious, but are deleterious mainly from the expense attending their removal from time to time. They are almost as profuse upon metal as upon wooden bottoms, and have even been found on the screws of steam vessels. In some places the larger forms of Balanus are eaten, the flesh resembling that of the lobster. There is good reason to believe that the larger species of the Pacific coast, such as Balanus aquila, B. evermanni, and the large Balanus found near Port Townsend, Washington, would afford a valuable addition to our resources of sea food, if they can be obtained in sufficient quantity. The deep-water cirripedes are very abundant in many places, but no data are available to show to what extent they are eaten by fishes. They probably form an important item in the food supply of bottom-feeding forms. LEPADIDA. Scalpellum hawaiense n. sp. [Pl. 1v, fig. 1-2.] A species of the group C’ of Gruvel’s arrangement, the 14 valves being wholly calcified, the carina regularly curved and a rostral plate present. There is no subcarina. The capitulum is ovate, the anterior and posterior outlines about equally curved. The plates are covered with a thin pale olive- buff cuticle, and are all sculptured with fine cords radiating from the apices and more or less knotted or beaded by the intersection of the lines of growth. Seuta with convex occludent and concave tergal margins, the lateral and basal margins straight. The anterior and lateral faces of the plate are about equal in area, and are separated by an arcuate diago- nal angulation. Anteriorly the radial striation is finer. 181 182 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Terga large and rhombic, with erect apices. The occludent margin is straight, the carinal margin straight above but convex where in contact with the carina. The scutal margin is nearly straight. The carina is extremely broad basally, the roof convex, the lateral angles prominent. It is curved through- out, but the upper half more so; apex terminal. The upper lateral plate is triangular, with apical nucleus. Its scutal margin is longer than either of the other two, which are subequal. The rostrum is an excessively small, very narrow plate, visible below the apices of the rostral latera. The rostral lateral plates are low, obliquely triangular, with the apices contiguous at the median ventral line. The lateral edge is covered by the imbricating rostral margin of the inframedian lateral plate. The inframedian lateral plates are triangular, nearly equilateral, with apical umbo. The carinal lateral plates are subtriangular, embracing the lateral angles of the carina; their apices are recurved and project slightly. The peduncle is covered with horizontal, somewhat imbricating, smooth scales, which are rather sparsely tomentose, the hairs very delicate and rather long. Its total length is unknown, as the individual has been removed from its support by cutting the peduncle, Length of capitulum 25, greatest breadth 16 mm.; greatest thickness, across the carino-lateral plates, 12mm. Length of carina 21.5, diameter at base 9.5 mm. Type, no. 32416 U.S. National Museum, from Albatross station 4181, near Kauai, in 811 fathoms, bottom manganese sand and globigerina ooze. Scalpellum rubrum Hoek, from near Luzon, agrees with S. hawaiense in the proportions of the valves, but it differs strikingly in color and suriace sculpture. S. hirsutum is also related, though obviously different. Scalpellum pacificum, n. sp. [Pl. rv, fig. 3, 4.] A form closely related to Scalpellum australicum Hoek. The capitulum is acutely ovate, compressed, composed of 14 valves closely juxtaposed; these are covered with a very thin brownish film, which near the occludent margin bears a few scattered long hairs. The valves are sculptured with numerous, but not crowded, radiating threads, and on each of the side valves there is one more prominent ridge or angle extending from the umbo to the opposite margin, dividing the valve into two areas. The scutum is convex, divided into two nearly equal areas by a slightly curved diagonal rib; the occludent and opposite lateral margins are slightly arcuate, the tergal and basal margins straight, the latter at an angle of 90 or a trifle less with the occludent border. The tergum is larger than any other plate, triangular, with a distinct diagonal rib parting the narrow varinal from the large and triangular anterior area. The occludent margin is convex, the carinal a little undulating and the tergal or basal margin straight. The apex stands erect. The carina is simply arched, with the flat roof bordered by distinct ridges; sides at about right angles with the roof, and broader near the upper extremity of the valve. The upper lateral plate is trapeziform with the apex superior, the scutal margin concave, the basal and tergal margins equal, straight, and the very short carinal margin also straight. The rostral lateral plate is subquadrate, short and broad, the length being about half the width. The curved beaks are connate on the occludent border above the rostrum, and do not project percep- tibly. The upper and lower borders of the plate are subparallel and straight; the rostral border is concave. From the umbo a curved rib runs to the posterior basal angle. The rostrum is rudimentary, merely a linear trace. The inframedian lateral plate is extremely narrow, linear, wedge-shaped, the narrow apex above, There is a low cord along each edge, and the apex is curved rostrad. The carinal lateral plate is irregularly trapezoidal, with the umbo projecting a little beyond the carina. The carinal margin is straight; upper margin very oblique, straight; lateral margin short, straight. In carinal aspect, the two carinal latera appear as contiguous tricostate brackets under the two lateral ribs of the carina. The peduncle is short, wider above, covered with wide low scales, about seven scales in any longitudinal row. Length of capitulum of type, from station 3907, 16.5 mm., greatest breadth 8.5 mm., diameter 3.8 mm.; length of peduncle 3.5 mm. HAWAIIAN CIRRIPEDIA. 183 Length of capitulum, specimen from station 3824, 12.5 mm., width 6 mm.; length of peduncle 2mm. Type no. 32419, U. S. National Museum, from Albatross station 3907, south coast of Oahu, 315 fathoms, on the spine of a cidaroid sea-urchin, with Pecilasma; bottom fine white sand and mud. Specimens also from station 3824, south coast of Molokai, 222 to 498 fathoms, on Hyalonema; bottom of coral rock and broken shell. This species is more closely related to S. australicum Hoeka, than to any other known form. It differs from that in the sculpture of the valves, each having a stronger diagonal ridge, and in the shape of the plates of the basal whorl, especially the rostral latera, which in the Challenger species are as high as wide. The inframedian and carinal latera also differ in several respects, and the umbo of the upper lateral plate does not imbricate over the scutum as it does in S. australicum. Scalpellum hirsutum, S. tenue, etc., are also allied species, but are clearly distinct by various characters. Trilasmis eburneum Hinds. Trilasmis eburnea Hinds, Voyage of the Sulphur, vol. 1, Mollusca, p. 72, pl. 21, fig. 5, 1844. Pecilasma eburnea Darwin, Monograph on Cirripedia, p. 112, pl. 2, fig. 5, 1851. Gruvel, Monogr. des Cirrhipédes, p. 120, fig. 139 (copied from Darwin), 1905. Albatross station 3845, south coast of Molokai in 60 to 64 fathoms, on spines of a Cidaris-like sea-urchin. This rare species has been known hitherto only from specimens taken sixty years ago by the Sulphur on the coast of New Guinea. They occurred on the spines of an “‘ Echinus.’’ The Hawaiian specimens differ from them in being a little larger, the capitu- lum 3.4 mm. long, and slightly unlike in the shape of the carina, the upper part of which is more attenuated, while the basal cup is more flattened. While this variation is probably of no great importance, I have deemed it well to figure the scutum and carina of a Hawaiian individual. Fic. 1.— Trilasmis eburneum. Scutum and two views of carina. Pecilasma kempferi Darwin. Pecilasma kempferi Darwin, Monogr. Lepadide, p. 102. ? Albatross station 3984, between Honolulu and Kauai, 164 to 237 fathoms. Station 3839, south coast of Molokai, 259 to 266 fathoms. Station 3884, Pailolo Channel, 284 to 290 fathoms. Station 4117, north- west coast of Oahu, 282 fathoms. On the crab Cyrtomaia smithi Rathbun. Also stations 3811, south coast Oahu, 338 fathoms, and 4045, west coast Hawaii, 198 fathoms, on Lambrus (Platylambrus) stellatus Rathbun. The species was originally described from Japan, attached to the crab Inachus kempferi De Haan. It is new to the Hawaiian fauna. A very similar form, P. awrantia Darwin, occurs at Madeira, and by some authors has been considered to form merely a variety of the Japanese P. kampferi. Ii Pecilasma is to be allowed to stand distinct from Trilasmis, it will be for species of the type of P. kempferi, most of which are cancericoles. Pecilasma bellum, n. sp. [Pl. rv, fig. 6.] The capitulum is elliptical, acute at both ends, and composed of five wholly calcified valves in close contact. White or flesh-tinted by the viscera showing through. The occludent and carino-tergal outlines are equally convex. The margins of the peduncle foramen flare laterally. The scutum is very large, convex, its surface divided by a prominent angle passing in a curve from the beaks to the angle at the junction of carina and terga. The basal and occludent margins form a single symmetrical curve, the basal making no angle with the occludent. The carinal margin aChallenger Report, vol. vul, Cirripedia, p. 118, pl.v, fig. 11. 184 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. is convex and the tergal straight. The plate has a dense and minute sculpture of fine radial lines which are irregular or divaricating, and a coarse sculpture of well-spaced wrinkles and furrows, parallel to the growing margins of the valve. The furrows and riblets are more emphatic in the baso-carinal area of the scutum, being crowded there into a strong corrugation. Inside there is a single massive tooth, bifid at its summit, under the umbo in each valve. The terguim is wedge-shaped, closely corrugated parallel to its scutal border, but with two rounded, contiguous ribs running along the opposite or outer border. The apical angle is less than 90°. Inside smooth, with a minute tooth at the scutal margin of each tergum near the occludent end. The carina is narrow distally, but from the middle down it widens rapidly, the sides becoming much broader and at the same time flaring laterally. They are corrugated parallel with the scutal margin. The roof of the carina is very narrow throughout, widening gradually and slightly upward and with a median hollow or furrow. Inside there is a massive transverse septum at the lower two-fifths of the carina, rising in a blunt articulating tooth at each side. : The peduncle ig very short, cylindric, circularly wrinkled, covered with a tough flesh-colored integument. Capitulum, total length 14.5, breadth 6.4, diameter 3mm. Scutum, length 11.7, breadth 5.7 mm. Tergum, length 6.2, breadth 2.2 mm. Carina, length 10, breadth 2, diameter 2 mm. Length of peduncle 2 mm. Albatross station 4117, northwest coast of Oahu, 241 to 282 fathoms, bottom of coral sand and foraminifera, in copious numbers on large spines of asea urchin. Also station 4117, 253 to 282 fath- oms, in nearly the same place. South coast of Oahu, 315 fathoms, fine white sand and mud. Station 3998, vicinity of Kauai, 228 to 235 fathoms. Stations 4090, 4097, 3883, and 3866, Pailolo channel, between Maui and Molokai, 277 to 304 fathoms, bottom of fine gray sand and globigerina ooze. Station 3839, south coast of Molokai in 259 to 266 fathoms. In the straightening out of the basal margin to bring it parallel to the occludent edge, P. bellum is like Megalasma striatum Hoek. The system of sculpture, the very short peduncle, the internal ridge across the cavity of the carina. and the situs on sea-urchin spines are also features approximating Mega- lasma; Iut that genus differs by the slightly higher position of the umbo of the scutum, on the occludent margin, and the much broader crest of the carina. On the whole, P?. bellm may be said to stand inter- mediate between Pwcilasma carinatum and Megalasma. Pacilasma bellum is an abundant species on fine sand bottoms throughout the Hawatian group, always seated on large Echinus spines, frequently sharing them with Alepas. It isa handsome little barnacle, very constant in all its features. Dichelaspis hawaiensis n. sp. [Pl. rv, fig. 5.] The capitulum is much compressed, unsymmetrically long ovate, supported on a nude peduncle half the length of the capitulum or shorter. The valves are in contact only at their ends. The general integument is smooth, The seutum is L-shaped, the basal segment narrower than the occludent, the latter widening above to its oblique termination, and about twice the length of the basal segment. The tergum is irregularly triangular, with blunt apex, slightly concave and very long carinal margin, and witha notch near the occludent end of the scutal margin for the reception of the distal end of the scutum. An arcuate furrow runs upward from this notch. The carina is arcuate and extends upward well beyond the middle of the tergum. It is widest in the middle, and at the base is expanded in a biramose appendage clasping the top of the peduncle, which it half encircles. The peduncle is stout, cylindrical, and circularly wrinkled. Length of capitulum, 6.5 mm., breadth 3.2 mm. Type, no. 32409, U.S. National Museum, from Hawaiian Islands, collected by the Albatross, 1902, attached to a slender gorgonian. This species is more closely related to D. orthogonia Darwin than to any other. It differs from that in the shorter basal portion of the scutum, the simpler shape of the tergum, and the more broadly clasp- ing basal appendages of the carina. Unfortunately the station number was not preserved, so that the exact location can not be given. — HAWAIIAN CIRRIPEDIA. 185 ALEPAS Rang. Nude, leathery forms, with a single filamentous appendage on each side, and a long, many- jointed caudal appendage. About a dozen species hitherto known are mostly from deep water. The primary division of the genus should be into those forms which have the endopodite or both rami reduced on the fifth and sixth pairs of cirri, and those in which the rami are not reduced and are subequal in all. In A. rex, described below, the fifth and sixth endopodites are so specialized. In A. percarinata they are unreduced and subequal. The forms taken by the Albatross were seated upon large sea-urchin spines and gorgonians on a bottom of fine sand and mud, such as sea urchins ordinarily inhabit. Alepas percarinata, n. sp. [Pl. rv, fig. 8.] The capitulum is irregularly ovate, dorsally carinated, much longer than the slender peduncle, straightened on the ocecludent margin, without trace of calcareous or chitinous plates. Color pale brown. The orifice is very small, not protuberant, less than half the length of the capitulum, with puckered R355. ISSESESF Fic. 2.—Alepas percarinata. 4, Cirri of the left side; B, maxilla; c, mandible; p, mandible of specimen from station 3828, lips. The dorsum is acutely carinated, the edge of the keel smooth. The surface is finely wrinkled transversely. The short slender peduncle is coarsely wrinkled, and sparsely warty, a few scattered warts also appearing on the adjacent base of the capitulum. ; Length of capitulam 9 mm.; breadth 7mm., diameter 5 mm. Length of orifice 3mm.; length of peduncle 4 mm., diameter 2mm. (Cotype, station 4116.) Another specimen (station 3866): Length of capitulum 12.5 mm., breadth 10 mm., diameter 6 mm. Length of orifice 4mm. Length of peduncle 5 mm., diameter 3-5 mm. Mandible with three teeth and two spines at the lower extremity. The upper tooth is largest, the second about midway of the toothed margin; the third is more slender. The lower edges of the second and third teeth are denticulate by the projection of short colorless spines. The lower border of the mandible is densely pilose (fig. 2, c). 186 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Maxille very irregularly spinose, the strongest spine at the upper edge, an irregular notch below it. There are two nearly as large in the median part (fig. 2, B). The cirri (fig. 2, 4) are rather short. The exopodites have 8, 15, 17, 18, 18, 14 joints in the first to sixth pairs of limbs, respectively, the endopodites being usually a little more slender and with 7, 14, 14, 15, 16, 12 joints. The caudal appendage is long and slender, composed of 13 long joints, with but few bristles (fig. 2, 4). The penis is closely wrinkled and annulate, with a few bristles and a pencil of hairs at the tip. Albatross station 3866, Pailolo Channel, between Molokai and Maui, in 283 fathoms, bottom of gray mud and fine sand. Also stations 4116 and 4117, northwest coast of Oahu, 241 to 282 fathoms, on bottom of coral sand and foraminifera; station 3839, south coast of Molokai, 259 to 266 fathoms, bottom of light brown mud and sand, everywhere on large Cidaris-like sea-urchin spines. This Alepas belongs to the group having cirri with subequal rami. It is externally distinguished by the absence of plates in the integument, the small orifice and the acute dorsal keel. A. pedunculata Hoek, is perhaps the most nearly related form, differing by some details of the denticulation of the mandibles and maxille, by the absence of red spots dotting the capitulum, ete. The oldest specimens lose the sharpness of the dorsal keel, and become plumper. At station 3828 off the south coast of Molokai, 281 to 319 fathoms, broken shell bottom, a sea-urchin spine was brought up carrying two specimens of Alepas similar to A. percarinata except that they show no traces of a dorsal keel except close to the base of the capitulum. The latter is 4 mm. long—a size which in percarinata is very strongly keeled. The cirri and caudal appendage are as in A. percari- nata, but the joints of the tailpiece bear pairs of bristles near the sutures. The mandibles (fig. 2, p) differ by showing no lower point distinct from the fourth tooth, the two sides being alike in this respect. The maxillee scarcely differ from those of A. percarinata. The general agreement is so close that I am disposed to believe that the specimens may have lost their carinze by accidental means; but if it be a normal form, a new species is indicated. Alepas rex, n. sp. [Pl. 1v, fig. 7.] A large species with irregularly ovate, obese capitulum, longer than the peduncle, straightened on the occludent margin, and without trace of calcareous or chitinous plates. Color pale ocher yellow, a little darker on the peduncle. The orifice is slit about half the length of the capitulum, its lips a little crenulated, or irregularly warty; in adults they do not protrude. The ventral side is elsewhere rounded: the dorsum is marked by a low ridge or angle. The surface of the capitulum is irregularly pitted, somewhat wrinkled, and sparsely asperate with small warts, each with a brownish tip. The surface of the peduncle is much and deeply wrinkled transversely. It is cylindric, and expands basally to clasp the supporting surface. The dimensions of two individuals are given below: mm. mm. Length ofcapitulum=2-oss2--22.--2se5- 4-2 2ees- 21 | 22 Breadth of capitulum..--.- - 20. 5 19 Diameter of capitulum. - 16 15 Length of orifice. ...... = 11.5 13 Leng thiof peduncle se..<.)-2 seenceneeeeeee= ese 19 22 Diameter ofjpeduncle: . oe sanmeaeeee ce ose 10 9 The mandibles (fig. 3, B, p) have two strong teeth and two much smaller, more slender ones at the lower extremity (fig. 3, B), or there may be three at the lower extremity (fig. 3, p), the two figured being from the right and left sides of the same individual. The maxille (fig. 3, 4) have a densely spiny edge, which is deeply excavated below the upper spine, The cirri are long and graceful. The first pair is much shorter than the others, the rami broad, com- posed of about 32 and 17 joints, profusely bristly. The second pair has very long rami armed with very HAWAIIAN CIRRIPEDIA. 187 long spines, with some shorter ones around their bases (fig. 3, ¢), joints 58 to 61. The third pair is similar, with 72 and 70 joints. Fourth pair similar. Fifth pair with the rami very unequal, the exopod with 84 joints, the endopod slender and much shorter, with about 33 joints. The sixth pair is similar, exopod with 83, endopod with 30 joints (fig. 3, F). The caudal appendage is small, with 13 joints (fig. 3, ¥). The penis (fig. 3, m) is of the usual multi-annulate type, sparsely hairy. Fic. 3.—Alepas rex. A, Maxilla; B, D, mandibles; c, detail from 2d pair of cirri; E, penis; F, last cirrus and caudal appendage, ¢. Albatross station 3998, vicinity of Kauai Island, 228 to 235 fathoms, bottom of coarse broken coral, sand and shells. Specimens seated on dead stems of gorgonians. Four adult specimens were taken on two gorgonia stems, each specimen surrounded by a group of young and larval individuals. The young are more strongly keeled than the adults, the keel being somewhat uneven. They are similarly beset with little warts. The mouth projects decidedly more than in the old specimens. The cypris larvee just attaching are about 1.5 mm. long. 188 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. VERRUCID. Verruca halotheca, n. sp. [Pl. rv, fig. 9, 10.] Shell white, flattened above, with steep sides, almost perpendicular to the base of attachment, which has a rounded contour. Surface moderately corrugated with concentric growth ridges. Moy- able scutum small, flat, with an acute apex and three articular ridges, the middle one strongest. Movy- able tergum larger, quadrate, flat, with three strong imbricating articular ridges. Fixed scutum roughly quadrate divided by an oblique sulcus into two nearly equal triangles. Fixed tergum of very irregular shape, divided into three triangular areas; its umbo adjacent to that of the movable tergum, but not quite marginal. The carina articulates with the rostrum by means of three large and several smaller teeth, forming a zigzag suture; each toothterminates a ridge. It articulates with the fixed tergum by a single tooth projecting into the tergum near the base. The rostrum is irregularly cone-shaped, minus a segment, in shape somewhat like the anterior valve of some chitons. It has several radiating ridges on the carinal side. Greatest rostro-carinal length at base 14 mm., at umbones 12 mm., breadth 12.5 mm. Height from base to apex of rostrum, fixed scutum or carina, 8 mm. Length of the straight rostro-carinal hinge of the opercular valves 10 mm. Length of scutum from this line to umbo 5.5mm. Length of tergum 6 min. Type, no. 32423 U.S. National Museum, from station 4060, northeast coast of Hawaii Island, in 913 fathoms, on a pebble of volcanic rock. A single specimen of this large Verruea was obtained. It is clearly distinct from any of those described by Darwin, Hoek, or in Gruvel’s recent monograph, though related to V. trisulcata, spengleri, ete. It is chiefly notable for the flat top, absence of salient umbones, and the generally inornate appear- ance. It is the largest Verruca yet described. A few detached valves of a small individual were taken at station 3998, vicinity of Kauai Island, in 228 to 235 fathoms, with Catophragmus and Paecilasma. CHTHAMALID. Genus CATOPHRAGMUS Sowerby. This genus has hitherto been known by two species: C. imbricatus Sowerby, from Antigua and C. polymerus Darwin trom New South Wales, both of which are described in Darwin’s monograph on the Balamidee. The first, CL dmbricatus, is avery rare barnacle. Both of the species are littoral, associated with or growing on Tetraclita and other shore forms. A third species of the genus, from still another part of the world, is represented by certain mutilated individuals dredged by the Albatross near Kauai in about 230 fathoms. It is very distinct from the others by its well developed caudal appendage—that organ being absent in C. polymerus, very small in C. imbricatus. Moreover, the valves show many points of difference, and the mandibles, maxillee, and cirri are unlike in various details. Catophragmus darwini n. sp. [Pl. v.] General form of the animal uncertain, since it is known only by broken capitula, which are Balanus- like, made up of valves of dense and porcelain-like texture; white. There are at least three whorls of plates, the first whorl consisting of scuta and terga, the second of carina, latera, and rostrum, the third of imbricating basal plates. The scutum (pl. v, fig. 7 outside, fig. 4 inside), is triangular, sculptured with rather widely spaced riblets parallel to the basal margin. The occludent and basal margins are straight. The tergal margin is somewhat convex, and on the apical half bears a projecting wing or articular ridge with serrate edge and closely grooved and costate surface. This wing projects into the articular groove of the tergum. Inside the scutum shows a beveled, obliquely costate and thick occludent border, a slightly reflexed apical area, and a series of fine sharp grooves running inward from the teeth at the free edge of the articular ridge or wing. The sear of the adductor muscle is not noticeable. The length of the seutum is 5.3 mm. HAWAIIAN CIRRIPEDIA. 189 The tergum (pl. v, fig. 6 outside, fig. 8 inside) is triangular, sculptured like the scutum, but show- ing weak radiating stri, also, and with a sharp ridge followed by a depressed band near and parallel to the scutal margin. The carinal margin is straight, the basal a little concave, and the scutal margin is slightly convex. The articular ridge projects far on the scutal side, sloping inward, and is about half as long as the scutal margin, from which it is separated by a deep articular furrow. Inside the apical and scutal margins of the valve and articular ridge are margined by a wide border sculptured with growth lines. Elsewhere the valve is smooth and white. The carina (pl. v, fig. 1,3) is shaped much like that of Balanus, or like the anterior valve of a chiton, since it surrounds the opercular valves behind and at the sides. Outwardly it is tripartite, with a median curved triangle (the “roof’’), sculptured with about five unequal low radial ridges, and two flat lateral triangles; the whole being sculptured with wide-spaced grooves parallel to the basal margin and parted by flat intervals. The umbo is apical. The lateral borders are somewhat crenulated. Fic. 4.— Catophragmus darwini. A, Maxilla; B, mandible; c, caudal appendage; D, fifth cirrus. The carino-lateral plate (pl. v, fig. 1, Cl.) consists of a triangular, erect, radially six-ribbed area and a projecting ribless triangular wing on the occludent side above; the whole sculptured with spaced grooves parallel to the basal marign, becoming oblique on the wing. The rostrum (pl. y, fig. 2, 5) resembles the carina in shape, but is smaller, with only three prominent radial ribs. The rostro-lateral plate (pl. v, fig. 2, Rl) is triangular, sculptured with four wide mbs and the usual spaced grooves parallel to the basal margin. The plates of the next lower or third whorl are small, subtriangular, and of three shapes, doubly winged (pl. v, fig. 2, lower left-hand plate), winged on one side (fig. 2, lower right-hand plate), or without lateral wings (fig. 2, intermediate plate). The base is unknown. The mandibles (fig. 4, B) have three large teeth and a group of denticles at the lower extremity. The maxille (fig. 4, 4) have the usual pair of strong spines above; the lower moiety of the margin pro- jects beyond the upper, both being densely bristly. The first pair of cirri is much shorter than the others, with wider rami, each of 10 joints, densely bristly. The rami of the third pair have about 21 joints and are like those of the following cirrus. The posterior cirri have about 25 joints. The rami of each cirrus are subequal throughout and are much curled; they have small tufts at the articulations, and a continuous series of long spines along the concave side, about four pairs of spines on each joint (fig. 4, D, fifth cirrus). The caudal appendage is long and slender, of 13 joints (fig. 4,c). The penis 190 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES, is very long, perhaps longer than the longest cirri, and it is apparently not annulated. There is a tuft of hairs at the end and some sparse, short hairs along its length. Type, no. 32407 (hard part) and no. 32408 (soft part) U. 8. National Museum, from Albatross station 3998, vicinity of Kauai Island, in 228 to 235 fathoms, on bottom of coarse, broken coral, sand, shells, and rock; with Pecilasma bellum, Alepas percarinata, and a few small odd valves of Verruca halotheca. Fragments of two or three individuals were taken, the largest and most perfect being drawn in plate v, figures 1 and 2, in which the following plates are preserved in place: Carina (c), carino-lateral (Cl.), terga (T), scuta(S); and in another individual the rostrum (R), rostro-lateral (R1), and four plates of the third whorl. Figures 3 (top view of carina) and 5 (anterior view of rostrum) represent detached valves of another individual or individuals. BALANIDA. Balanus amphitrite Darwin. Balanus amphitrite Darwin, Monograph on the Balanide, p. 240. Some small specimens taken from the bottom of a tug at Honolulu are similar externally to figure 2e of plate v of Darwin’s Monograph, except that the compartments diverge less above, the aperture being somewhat smaller and hardly dentate. The basal length of the largest specimen is 15 mm. The terga resemble figure 2k of the same plate. It is difficult to pronounce upon the subspecies or variety of B. amphitrite to which these specimens are referable. They are probably not full grown, and a much larger gathering would be essential for a satisfactory study of the Hawaiian race. ~ Balanus sp. The tangles brought up numerous Cidaris-like spines encrusted with small barnacles 2 to 3 mm. in diameter, at station 4062, northeast coast of Hawaii, 83 to 113 fathoms. They are too young to be identi- fied with certainty. Bul. U. S. B. F. 1906 5. Dichelaspis hawaiensis. . Pecilasma bellum 7. Alepas ree 8. 9-10. 9 Type, side and carinal views Detail of structure at base of carina. Type Type. Scalpellum hawaiense. Scalpellum pacificum Sealpelum pacificum. Type Type Alepas percarinata. Verruca halotheca Cotypes : Type. Top and carino-rostral views. 4 1 Bul. U. S. B. F. 1906 0 OS TATE ES RSS Aa esas Catophragmus darwint CIRRIPEDIA FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. By HENRY A. PILSBRY, Sc. D. Special Curator, Department of Mollusca, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. BUREAU OF FISHERIES DOCUMENT NO. 617. 197 CIRRIPEDIA FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY, Sc. D.,; Special Curator, Departinent of Mollusca, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The cirripedes have been neglected by American zoologisis and, consequently, aside from a few references to littoral species in Darwin’s Monograph on Cirripedia, almost nothing has been published upon the west-American forms. The littoral species, especially of Balanidx, stand in need of thorough s-udy, while only a begin- ning is now made in the description of the deeper-water forms, which will doubtless prove numerous. The following report is based upon collections made by the steamer Albatross in Alaska and northwestern Washington in 1903 and off the coast of southern California in 1904. It has not been thought necessary to give full references to the literature of each species. Such bibliographic matter may be found in the following works: 1851. Darwin, CHARLES. A Monograph on the subclass Cirripedia. The Lepadidz or pedunculated cirripedes. 1854. ———_, —_—_._ The Balanidee or sessile cirripedes, etc. 1883. Hoek, P. P.C. Report on the Cirripedia collected by H. M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76 Challenger Report, Zoology, vol. vut. 1897. WEeLTNER, W. Verzeichniss der beschreibenen recenten Cirripedenarten. Archiy fir Natur- geschichte, jahrg. 1897, bd. 1, p. 227. 1905. GruveL, A. Monographie des Cirrhipédes ou Thécostracés. Bibliography on p. 464-467. LEPADID. Lepas anatifera Linnzus. Station 4391, off Santa Catalina Island, on floating wood. Lepas pectinata Spengler. Stations 4337 and 4351, off Point Loma Light, near San Diego, Cal., on surface. Station 4406, south- east point of Santa Catalina Island, surface, on giant kelp. Also station 4372. Lepas fascicularis Ellis and Solander. South point of south Coronado Island, station 4340, 46 fathoms. The Lepas was probably taken at the surface as the trawl came up, not at the depth given. 193 B. B. F. 1906—13 194 BULLETIN. OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Scalpellum phantasma nN. sp. [PI ova, fice 1] The capitulum is ovate, composed of 13 plates of which only a slender skeleton is calcified. There is no membranous covering or pilosity. The calcified parts are white, the chitinous interspaces creamy gray. The occludent margin is strongly and evenly arched in a single curve. : The calcified portion of the scutum consists of a band along the occludent margin, widening below, where it is biramose, and a very narrow curved band along the tergal margin of the plate, diverging V-like from the apex. The umbo is apical. The tergum is V-shaped, consisting of a wider band along the occludent margin and a narrower, longer band near the carinal margin of the plate. The carina is simply arched, with subapical umbo. The roof is a rather narrow gutter between two high, rounded marginal ribs. The sides are very narrow below, widening above, and spreading in a rounded lobe above the umbo. The upper lateral plate is calcified in form of an unequally three-armed swastika, the shortest arm is directed upward, the longest obliquely downward and toward the carina, the third arm runs toward the inframedian lateral plate. The arms are slender, curved, and acute at the ends. There is no rostrum. The rostro-lateral plate is biramose, being calcified along the occludent margin, with a slender arm ascending toward the upper lateral plate and a wider one along the basal margin. The infralateral plate has a median umbo, a slender ascending arm, a widening descending portion, and a short arm reaching toward the carina. : The carino-lateral plate is L-shaped, with the longer branch ascending near the carina and the shorter along the basal margin. The umbo projects below the base of the carina. The peduncle is cylindrical, protected by wide, short scales, not in the least imbricating, 9 or 10 in any of the 8 longitudinal rows. Length of the capitulum 28 mm., breadth 15 mm., diameter 7mm. Length of the carina 23 mm. Length of the peduncle 8. 5 mm, diameter in the middle 5.5 mm. Type, no. 32421 U.S. National Museum, from Albatross station 4397, off Santa Catalina Islands, 33° 10’ 15” N., 121° 42’ 15” W., 2,196 fathoms, gray mud. A single specimen. This peculiar species is perhaps the finest of the ‘incompletely calcified” forms. It is related by the shape of the carina to S. gruvelianum. Among the imperfectly calcified forms it is most related to S. marginatum Hoek, from north of New Guinea, but differs from that in the shape of the upper lateral plate, the regular arch of the occludent margin, and other characters. It was taken at a greater depth than other Californian cirripedes. Scalpellum larvale, n. sp. (Pl. vi, fig. 2-6.] Capitulum oblong, the occludent and carinal outlines about equally convex, composed of 13 valves which are but partially calcified. Rostrum wanting. Surface not hairy. Umbo of the carina apical. The calcified part of the scutum is shaped like an inverted letter Y, the umbo being apical, minute and acute, and extending noticeably over the tergum. The ealeified port ion of the tergum is in the form of an inverted V, with the addition of a small ledge on the carinal side of the apex. The carinal limb of the V is much longer than the occludent. The carina is much better calcified than the other plates. It is very long, extending about three- fourths the length of the tergum, simply arched, the curvature being greater above. The roof is flat, passing rectangularly into the narrow sides. The upper lateral plate is narrow, somewhat boomerang-shaped. The rostro-lateral plate is narrow, transverse, with parallel upper and basal margins. The inframedian lateral plate is arrowhead-shaped, acute above, biramose below, small. The carino-lateral plate is calcified in form of an inverted T and is much smaller than the upper lateral plate. The peduncle is very short, rather sparsely protected by very wide, short scales. It widens slowly from the base to the capitulum. Length of the capitulum 13.3 mm., width 7 mm., diameter 3 mm. Length of the carina 11 mm. 92 Length of the peduncle 5 mm., diameter in the middle 2.3 mm. The mandibles (fig. 1, a) have 4 strong acute teeth and a lower point at the inferior angle. CIRRIPEDIA FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 195 The maxille (fig. 1, c) have a straight anterior margin with irregular strong spines. The anterior cirri are very short, less than half as long as the second pair; the rami have 6 and 9 joints, respectively. The rest of the cirri are long, composed of long joints, which bear four pairs of spines on the anterior and three pairs of smaller ones on the posterior sides (fig. 1, B, sixth joint of the exopodite of the third cirrus), though the development of spines varies on different parts of the same cirrus. The caudal appendage (fig. 1, p) is very small, perhaps an eighth as long as the last ramus, composed of four joints, the first one long (perhaps really composed of two joints), the last bearing a terminal tuft of long spines. Type, no. 32417 U. S. National Museum, from Albatross station 4353, off Point Loma Light-House, 639 fathoms, seated on a glassy spine or spicule. The shape of the scutal and of the inframedian plate is not like any of the known species, S. insigne being apparently the nearest. A young individual in the same group, shown in the figure, is interesting as showing that the young are more normally calcified than the adult stage, the calcification after an early age proceeding only along certain lines indicating the longer axes of the valves. This young individual has a capitulum 5.7 mm. long. The valves of this specimen resemble those of S. insigne Hoek more than do those of the adult stage. S : aes ‘ c H_S FG. 1.—Scalpellum larvale. 4, Mandible; B, 6th joint of the exopodite of the 3rd cirrus; c, maxilla; p, caudal appendage; £, mandible of specimen from station 4382. A series from Albatross station 4382, south point of Coronado Island, in 656 fathoms (type no. 32415 U. S. National Museum), consists of smaller individuals, the largest three measuring about 10 mm. ir length of capitulum. The scutal calcification is broader and less deeply bifurcate below than in the type specimen. A series from this lot showing the stages of growth is figured in plate v1 (fig. 3-6), ali of them being drawn to the same scale. The anterior cirri have 6and 10 joints. Theother cirri are like those in the type of S.larvale. The caudal appendage has 5 joints, but otherwise is as figured for S.larvale. The mandibles (fig. 4, 2) have three teeth and a spine at the lower end. Several complemental males were seated in the fold of the sack just inside the occludent borders of the scuta. They are of the degenerate Cypris-like form, without plates. Their hosts lack penes. The species therefore belongs to Hoek’s third group (Challenger Report, vol. x, Girripedia, p. 21.) Scalpellum californicum n. sp. [Pl. vr, fig. 8, 13.] The capitulum is composed of 14 normally calcified smooth valves, covered with a membrani which is shortly and delicately pilose. The occludent margin is nearly straight, the opposite margin very convex. The carina is simply arched, with convex rounded roof. The chitinous interspace: 196 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. are rather wide, and the valve margins usually not very distinct. The color is dirty gray, with most of the valves more or less purplish or livid. The scutum has subparallel occludent and lateral margins and very oblique tergal margin. The basal margin runs at a right angle from the occludent. The tergum is very long and narrow, its occludent and carinal margins slightly convex, the lower margin sinuous. The carina is simply arched with apical umbo and convex roof. The upper half of the valve has the roof defined by small lateral ridges, but these become weaker and finally obsolete below, where the valve is wider and the convex roof passes into the sides without distinct boundary. The sides are narrow throughout and excavated in a shallow furrow along the lateral ridges. The carina extends upward to the middle of the carinal margin of the tergum. The upper lateral plate is trapezoidal, the carinal, tergal, and scutal margins slightly convex, the basal margin straight and abutting on the inframedian lateral plate only. The angles are somewhat rounded off, and the umbo is at the tergo-scutal angle. The rostrum is small, subtriangular, with apical umbo. The rostro-lateral plate is small and wedge-shaped, being narrower in front. The inframedian lateral plate is well developed, nearly square, as wide as high, its forward (or ventral) margin convex, and bounded more by the scutum than by the rostro-lateral plate. The other margins are straight. The umbo is central. - The carino-lateral plate is small, irregularly reniform or lunate with blunt ends, with concave carinal margin and convex latero-basal margin. The umbones scarcely project at the base of the carina, = The peduncle is long, approaching the capitulum in length, its lower half cylindric, upper half gradually widening to the width of the base of the capitulum. It is very closely and regularly clothed with rather small lozenge-shaped scales, of which there are 20 or more in a longitudinal row. Length of capitulum 15 mm., width 7 mm., diameter 4mm. Length of carina 11 mm. Length of peduncle 11.5 mm., diameter in the middle 3 mm. The rami of the first pair of cirri are very short, with globose segments, 11 and 12 in number. The other cirri are long, composed of long segments, which bear from 5 on the second cirri to 6 pairs of spines on the fifth and sixth cirri. Albatross stations 4558, 4555, 4551, 4452, 4535, 4439, off Point Pinos Light-House in 40 to 86 fathoms, on mud and rock bottom; the types, no. 32411 U.S. National Museum, from station 4558. Topotypes no. 32412. Seated on annelid tubes, ete. Apparently abundant in the region of Monterey Bay. S. californicum is an abundant form in comparatively shallow water. It is related to S. gran- landicum and S. angustum, of the extreme northern Atlantic, but in these the general shape of the capitulum differs, and most of the plates show more or less diversity. The rostro-lateral plate is much higher in both of the Atlantic forms. Most of the specimens are smaller than the type, the capitulum 10 to 12 mm. long, with the peduncle less closely scaly. The livid or dried-blood color of the valves or parts of them is variable, some indi- viduals being white. The peduncle varies a great deal in length. It is sometimes only half the length of the capitulum, and yet not more closely scaly than in other individuals with long peduncles. The figures are from washed specimens with the enveloping membrane partly removed in order to show the valves clearly. Their outlines are much less distinct in uncleaned individuals. Scalpellum californicum osseum n. subsp. [Pl. v1, fig. 7.] Similar in general characters to S. californicum, but the valves are more completely calcified, white, with distinct outlines and clear-cut angles, though covered with a thin, transparent, densely pilose membrane. Upper lateral plate distinctly pentagonal, the scutal and tergal margins longest. Tergum shorter and wider than in californicum. Peduncle long, very sparsely scaly, the scales white; pilose. Length of capitulum, 6.5 mm. Type, no. 32413 U.S. National Museum, from Albatross station 4454, off Point Pinos Light-House, 71 fathoms. Taken also at station 4478, Santa Cruz Light-House, 30 fathoms. The large number of individuals of S. californicum, at all stages of growth, which I have examined show that the above-described form is not a young stage of that species, although it is similar in the num- ber and proportions of the valves. CIRRIPEDIA FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 197 Scalpellum proximum, n. sp. [PI. v1, fig. 9-11.] ’ Capitulum ovate, compressed, composed of 13 well-caleified valves. There is a well-marked band of integument between the carina and the other valves. It is covered with a thin membrane which is rather closely, shortly pilose. The plates have a sculpture of wide-spaced low ridges parallel to growth lines. The occludent margin forms an even curye nearly as arcuate as the carina. The scutum is irregularly quadrangular, with convex occludent margin, slightly recurved and very acute umbo, which projects slightly over the tergum; basal margin convex, upper margin concave, and lateral margin sigmoid. The upper latero-tergal angle projects in a point between the apex of the upper latus and the tergum. The tergum is triangular with recurved apex; occludent margin convex, basal margin straight and oblique, the carinal margin undulating. The carina is very long, regularly arched, with slightly con- vex, nearly flat roof, bounded by low, rounded lateral ribs. The sides are narrow below. widening above, and at an angle greater than 90° with the roof. It extends upward fully three-fourths the length of the tergum, nearly to its apex. ; The upper lateral plate is irregularly pentagonal, the tergal and scutal margins longest, concave, the apex obtuse, being a little built out on the tergal side of the umbo, which is subterminal. The carinal margin is quite short; the basal, which abuts against the inframedian latus, still shorter. There is no rostrum. _ The rostral lateral plate is small, quadrangular, nearly as high as wide, with the umbo at the upper angle of its occludent margin. The inframedian lateral plate is narrow, hourglass-shaped, with the umbo at the lower fifth, where the plate is narrowest. Below this is a small triangle and above is a larger one, the upper margin abutting in part on the upper lateral plate, in part on the scutum, with an angle at the suture between these plates. The carinal lateral plate is quadrangular, very much higher than wide, the umbo slightly recurved and projecting below the carina. Its carinal margin is longer than the upper lateral plate, about parallel with its lateral margin; basal margin horizontal, upper margin very oblique. The peduncle is hardly half as long as the capitulum, covered with wide short scales, of which there are about 9 in any longitudinal row, and about 8 rows. Length of capitulum 15 mm., breadth 8 mm., diameter 3.4mm. Length of carina, 13 mm. Length of peduncle 6.5 mm., diameter 3 mm. Type, no. 32422 U. 8. National Museum, from station 4387, 32° 29’ 30’ N., 118° 05’ 00” W., vicinity of San Diego, Cal., 1,000 fathoms, on an annelid tube. Somewhat related to S. gruvelianum, but quite distinct by the long carina with less strong ribs at its angles, the different shape of the scutum, and of all the lower whorl of plates. It stands very near S. novezelandix Hoek, which has a capitulum of the same general shape, the valves similarly separated by narrow chitinous interspaces. In 8. provimum the occludent margin is more convex; the roof of the carina is apparently greater in width below; the upper lateral plate is obtuse at the apex, not acute as in Hoek’s species; the inframedian lateral plate differs in shape; and finally the portions of the carinal lateral projecting below the carina are shorter. S. flavwm Hoek is also very closely related, but differs by the shape of the inframedian and carinal lateral plates. S. proximum belongs to a very widely distributed type of the genus, ranging probably through all seas. Gruvel has identified S. novezelandix from the north Atlantic, taken by the Travailleur in 2,400 to 2,500 meters; and it may eventually be found expedient to subordinate a number of the allied forms to nove- zelandix as subspecies. f Scalpellum gruvelianum, n. sp. [Pl. vi, fig. 1-3.] Capitulum compressed, composed of 13 well-calcified valves, covered with a thin membrane which is sparsely hirsute, especially on and near the carina. The plates have no sculpture other than low, wide- spaced growth wrinkles. Scutum quadrangular, with convex occludent margin, concave tergal, straight lateral and basal mar- gins; the umbo is noticeably recurved and projects slightly over the tergum. 198 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Tergum triangular, the oecludent margin convex, apex recurved, scutal margin straight, carinal margin straight, except near the apex, where it is concave. The carina is evenly arched with apical umbo, the roof flat, bounded by a strong rounded ridge along each side; the sides at a little more than 90 degrees with the roof, widest above. It extends beyond the middle of the tergum. The upper lateral plate is quadrangular, the sides straight, scutal margin much the longest, fully twice as long as the cari- nal margin; umbo apical. There is no rostrum. The rostral lateral plate is quadrangular, a little narrower in front, being thus somewhat wedge-shaped. It is much shorter than wide. At the occludent margin the umbones are contiguous and project a little. The inframedian lateral plate is very small and narrow, wedge-shaped, with apical umbo. The carinal lateral plate is very irregular in shape, much higher than wide, the umbones projecting and recurved beyond the base of the carina. The carinal margin is equal in length to the scutal margin of the upper lateral plate. The peduncle is about half as long as the capitulum, pretty closely covered with wide, short scales, and sparsely hairy. Length of capitulum 17 mm., breadth 9mm., diameter 3 mm. Length of carina 13 mm. Length of peduncle 9 mm., diameter 3 mm. Type, no. 32414 U. 8. National Museum, from station 4418, Southwest Rock, Santa Barbara Island, 238 fathoms, on an annelid tube, gray sand bottom. The half dozen specimens of the type lot show no mentionable variation. Only two reached the dimensions given above, the others being two-thirds to three-fourths that size. Scalpellum tritonis Hoek and S. lutewm Gruvel, both Atlantic species, rather closely resemble this form in lateral aspect. S. tritonis has a flat-roofed carina. In S. luteum the carina is bicostate, but the inframedian lateral plate is wider at the base, triangular, the shape of the carinal lateral plates below the carina is different, etc. It is from near the Azores, and seems, in the ensemble of its characters, to be more nearly related to S. gruvelianum than any other species now known. 8. planwm Hoek has a carina with similar raised angles, but the other plates differ widely. By the keys of Hock and Gruvel, S. gruvelianum comes out to S. planum, but a place can easily be made for it by attention to the shape of scutum and the lateral plates. This species is respectfully dedicated to M. A. Gruvel, author of various valuable works on cirri- pedes, including a useful monograph. Scalpellum gruvelianum secundum, n. subsp. [Pl. vit, fig. 4.] Similar to S: gruvelianum in general characters, but the carina extends somewhat higher on the tergum, the sutures are wider, the plates being more separated by chitinous interspaces, and the infralat- eral plate differs in shape, being somewhat wider above than below, with subcentral umbo, the lower half of the plate being raised in a short thick ridge. Length of capitulum 9 mm., of peduncle 4 mm. Type, no. 32415 U.S. National Museum, from Albatross station 4429, Gull Inlet, south coast of Santa Cruz Island, in 506 fathoms, gray mud. Represented by a single specimen, which while obviously related to S. gruvelianum, yet presents a number of differences which seem to indicate another variety or species. The apices of the terga seem to have been broken or worn off. Scalpellum perlongum, n. sp. [Pl. v1, fig. 12.] The long and narrow capitulum is composed of 13 white valves, is nearly nude and nowhere hairy. There is no rostrum; the umbo of the carina is apical; the valves are wholly calcified, and marked with growth lines. The scutum is quadrangular, convex, with the occludent margin convex above, straight below. The umbo slightly overlaps the tergum, tergal margin oblique, basal margin slightly convex. The lower anterior part of the valve is sculptured with weak radial striz. The tergum is longer than the scutum, triangular, the occludent margin convex, basal margin straight, carinal margin sinuous. i CIRRIPEDIA FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 199 The carina is very long, extending to the upper third of the tergum, and is arcuate, much more strongly so above than below. The roof is slightly convex, nearly flat, the sides meeting it at right angles, but without ribs at the angles. The sides are widest near the apex. The upper lateral plate is quadrangular, the scutal margin longest and concave, the tergal, carinal, and basal margins shorter, subequal, nearly straight. The lower anterior angle is cut off, abutting against the inframedian lateral plate. The rostro-lateral is squarish, as high as wide, the upper and side margins subequal, the basal margin decidedly shorter. The umbo is at the upper occludent angle. The inframedian lateral plate is very long and narrow, somewhat wineglass-shaped, being narrowest below the middle, widening slowly above and rapidly at the base. The umbo is at the narrow part. The carino-lateral plate is very long—fully twice as long as wide. The lateral and carinal margins are subparallel, the upper margin very oblique and near the base curving out below the carina, beyond which the umbones bluntly project. The peduncle is short and slender, rather sparsely protected by large scales, of which there are about six in any longitudinal row. Length of capitulum 8.8 mm., breadth 3.3 mm., diameter 1.2 mm. Length of carina 6.6 mm. Length of peduncle 2 mm. Type, no. 32420, U. 8. National Museum, from Albatross station 4353, off Point Loma Light-House, vicinity of San Diego, in 639 fathoms, on a glassy spine or spicule; gray mud bottom. Chiefly notable for the long plates of the basal whorl and the elongation of the whole capitulum. It is very closely related to S. flavwm Hoek, from the South Atlantic, lat. 46° 46’ S., lon. 45° 31’ E., in 1,375 fathoms, but differs by the quadrate rather than triangular rostro-lateral plate, its basal margin being much longer than in S. flavum, by the narrower sides of the carina, and the narrower carino- lateral plate. Three specimens were on the same glassy spicule which bore the types of S. larvale. BALANIDA. Balanus concavus Bronn. Balanus concavus Darwin, Balanide, p. 235. G.C. Martin, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 9’, plates 33, 34, 1904. Stations 4303 and 4304, Point Loma Light-House, vicinity of San Diego, in 21 to 25 fathoms; 4420, East Point San Nicolas Island, 33 fathoms; 4492, Santa Cruz Light-House, 26 fathoms. The specimens belong to the small, conic, pink-striped form already known from Panama. This race is very unlike the large form of the Virginia and Maryland Miocene and the more rugged, irregular specimens of the Caloosahatchee Pliocene, but Darwin considers that such varying races are all referable to B. concavus. Balanus aquila, n. sp. [Pl. vi, fig. 5-8; pl. x, fig. 2; pl. x1, fig. 2.] A large species related to B. psittacus (Molina). Basis, parietes, and radii permeated by pores, but they are minute and inconspicuous except in the parietes. The wall is conical with small orifice, roughened by irregular rude ridges on the parietes, whitish where not covered with a bright yellow cuticle, which remains chiefly near the base. It is thick, strong, and dense, porous only in the outer layer. The radii are rather narrow, the ale concealed. The sheath is long, sculptured with minute thread-like transverse raised lines. Below it the interior is white with some yellow stains, and closely, irregularly striated. The white basis is level, thin, and solid except for a very few pores which in some places penetrate its lower or attached portion. The sutures are inconspicuous and smooth within, but the separated plates show transversely striate edges. The scuta (pl. vii, fig. 7, 8) are dull yellow inside, whitish beneath, a brownish-yellow cuticle externally. The plate is curved inward on both tergal and occludent borders, but more so on the former. The basal margin arches upward and is quite arcuate, bringing the baso-tergal angle above the middle of the valve’s length. The surface is sculptured with close, fine, deeply cut longitudinal grooves, decussated by shallower, wider transverse or concentric furrows, cutting the strive into beads or granules. Inside, the scutum has a sharp, raised and reflexed articular ridge, and a deep, narrow articular furrow. There is a strong adductor ridge, not confluent with the articular ridge. Inside the 200 BULLETIN OF THK BUREAU OF FISHERIES. heveled margin of the lower half of the occludent border there is an inflected sharp ridge. Toward ihe basal margin the inner surface is longitudinally grooved. ~ The tergum (pl. vin, fig. 5, 6) has a long purple beak, one-fourth the length of the whole plate. The outer surface is worn above, but the lower part is cancellated like the scutum. The longitudinal suleus is closed by infolding of its sides. The spur is long, rounded at the end, and situated at less than its own width from the scutal margin. On both sides the basal margins slope steeply to the spur. The interior is yellow, with a long purple spot in the middle. Articular ridge short, suberect and thin. A low, flat, gently arcuate rib runs from the spur to the apical beak, in which a fine cavity penetrates from the apex of the purple spot. The depressor crests are few and not very strong. Basal length of the walls 70 mm., height 75mm. Length of the scutum 31 mm., breadth 13.5 mm. Length of tergum with spur 32 mm., breadth 12 mm. The mandible (fig. 2, 8, left side) has four small teeth, the last adjacent to several low obtuse denticles at the lower end. The end of the maxilla is sigmoid, the upper half excavated, the lower convex. It is armed with numerous stout and slender spines (fig. 2, c, right side). The first pair of cirri has wide rami like moth antenna, the posterior one three-fourths as long as the anterior, with greatly protruding segments, about 22 in number. The segments of the anterior ramus are less protruding Fic. 2.—Balanus aquila, A, Second cirrus; &, mandible; ¢, maxill. and about 30 in number. The second cirri (fig. 2, 4) have subequal branches, and the protrusion of the segments reaches its maximum. The third cirri are longer, with much less protruding segments. The other cirri are much more slender, longer, with about 5 pairs of long spines on each joint. Type, no. 32403, U. S. National Museum, from Albatross station 4496, off Santa Cruz Light-House, 10 fathoms, fine gray sand and rock bottom. The dense structure of the walls of this species would almost entitle it to a place in Darwin's section C of the genus Balanus; but it is clearly related to B. psittacus of the Chilean coast by the structure of the opercular plates and the cirri. It differs from B. psittacus in the following respects: The sculpture of the opercular plates is unlike, the longitudinal grooves being far deeper, and the transverse ridges closer. The occludent margin of the scutum is bent inward, as well as the tergal margin. The adductor ridge in the scutum stands free from the articular ridge throughout, whereas in B. psittacus the confluence of the two ridges forms a deep vaulted cavity above the depressor muscle impression. The terga are much alike, but in B. aquila there is no ridge along the carinal side of the purple streak, such as occurs in B. psittacus, and externally the longitudinal sculpture is coarser and the transverse much closer. There are numerous other differences in the walls, ete., but those given above are amply sufficient for the discrimination of the species. CIRRIPEDIA FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 201 Balanus, sp. undet. Two very large barnacles were taken at Albatross station 4209, Admiralty Inlet near Port Townsend, Wash., on rocky, coarse sand and shell bottom in 2: fathoms. I have been unable to identify them with any described form, but since they are much worn externally and riddled by boring sponges, study of them is deferred until better preserved material comes to hand. The cup is remarkable for the deeply concave pocket-like base and the smooth interior walls of the parietes. Balanus glandula Darwin. Balanas giandula Darwin, Monog. Balanidz, p. 265. Quarantine station, Port Townsend, Wash., on Purpura crispata. Albatross station 4219, Admiraity Inlet in the same vicinity in about 16 fathoms, on broken gastropod shells. Other Alaskan localities are Sitka and Unalaska, collector Dr. Benjamin Sharp, in collections of Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Specimens were also taken at Nanaimo Bay, on shore, by Prof. H. Heath. This is a common Alaskan barnacle. Balanus sp. Albatross station 4457, off Point Pinos Light-House, 46 fathoms, on a gorgonian. Immature. Balanus sp. Albatross station 4561, Santa Cruz Light-House, 15 fathoms. Immature specimens on waterlogged twigs, caught in the tangles. Balanus flos, n. sp. [Pl. rx, fig. 1-7.] A species of Darwin’s section ©, somewhat related to B. spongicola Brown. Base and parictes porous, radii solid. The wall is high, steep, and tubular, with somewhat square base and aperture, pink outside and within. The parietes usually have a few rather strong ribs, but may be nearly smooth. The radii are smooth, with strongly serrate edges, and slope very steeply from the apices. The alze are smooth, very narrow, with smooth edges. The apices of the plates project as strong teeth around the aperture and are more or less recurved, giving it a corolla-like appearance, the aperture being nearly as large as the base. The inner submargins of the alz are sculptured with slender thread-like transverse raised lines especially developed in the carina and carino-lateral plates. Below the sheath the inner surfaces of the parietes are white and are longitudinally grooved, as usual. The base is rather thin, but porous. The opercular plates are white. The scutum (pl. 1x, fig. 3, 6, 7) is triangular, with strongly recurved apex and low sculpture of flat- tened, unequal wrinkles parallel to the basal margin. There are no noticeable radial lines, though an extremely indistinct and fine striation is discernible under a strong lens. Internally (fig. 6) there is a small, low articular ridge and a small adductor ridge occupying the median third of the valve’s length and not confluent with the articular ridge. The muscles are inserted so superficially as to leave no pits, the inner faces of the valves being remarkably flat. The narrow occludent margin is marked with very oblique sulci. The tergum (pl. 1x, fig. 4,5) is not beaked apically. Very faint longitudinal strize may be traced along the carinal margin, but elsewhere the plate is sculptured with low, wide-spaced growth marks. There is no furrow running to the spur, but the growth-lines are deeply sinuated where it should be. The spur is short and rather wide. Inside there isastrong, elevated, and acute articular ridge, no noticeable articular furrow, and the ridge running to the spur is very low. Crests for the attachment of depressor muscles are very small. The scutal margin of the tergum is evenly concave. Length of the wall at base 12 mm., breadth 11.5 mm.,; height 16 mm. Length of the aperture from apex of the carina to apex of the rostrum, 10 mm. 202 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Length of the wall at base 11.5mm., breadth 12 mm., height 12 mm.; length of the aperture 8.5 mm. The mandibles (fig. 3, Dp) have three rather small but strong teeth and a bluntly irregular den- ticulate lower projection. The maxille (fig. 3, c) have two strong spines above, the margin excavated below them, then becoming convex, the lower angle being broadly rounded. The edge bears about 8 spines, the lower ones stronger, and there is a tuft of fine bristles below the lower extremity. The first pair of cirri (fig. 3, A) have very unequal rami, the longer or anterior branch of about 23 nor- mal segments, and about twice the length of the shorter ramus, which is composed of 11 segments, all of them strongly protuberant on the forward side. The second pair of cirri has rami of 13 and 12 joints, respectively, also strongly protuberant on both branches. The third cirri have longer and more slender rami of 16 and 15 joints, which protrude moderately in front. The anterior ramus is the longer. The fourth, fifth, and sixth pairs of cirri are much more slender, long, and curled, the rami subequal. There are about 36 joints in the branches of the sixth pair (fig. 3, B). The penis (fig. 3, B) is rather short for a Balanus, closely annulated. ‘ Fic. 3.—Balanus flos. 4, First cirrus; B, sixth cirrus and penis; ¢, maxilla; p, mandible. Type no. 32405, U.S. National Museum, from Albatross station 4558, Point Pinos Light-House, 40 fathoms, region of Monterey Bay, on polyzoan colonies. Cotype, no. 32406 U.S. National Museum, from same station. A specimen ona broad seaweed from station 4420, off east point of San Nicolas Island in 338 fathoms, fine gray sand. This flower-like barnacle superficially resembles B. amaryllis Darwin and B. corolliformis Hoek, but differs from both in important characters, more especially in the features of the base, which place it ina different section. There seems to be no very closely allied species among those referred to Darwin’s section C, except Balanus spongicola Brown, of the Atlantic, which differs by the longitudinal sculpture of the scutum, a feature upon which Darwin lays especial stress, and by various other differences in the shape of the scutum and tergum. The mouth parts and cirri would seem to be much as in B. spongicola, judging from Darwin’s description. Balanus pecilus Darwin differs from B. flos by its coloration, the shapes of the opercular valves, and by various features of the cirri. The diverging apices of the terga are a prominent feature of B. flos at all stages of growth. - The speci- mer from station 4420 is very pale pink, almost white, externally. CIRRIPEDIA FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 203 Balanus evermanni, n. sp. [Pl. vu, fig. 7-14; pl. vunr, fig. 1-4; pl. x, fig. 1; pl. x1, fig. 1.] The outer wall is cup shaped, wider above than at the base; the length generally much exceeding the diameter. The compartment plates are not permeated by pores, and the sutures are not calcified or firmly cemented. The heavy calcareous base is likewise imperforate, and the suture where it joins the plates is but very weakly cemented. Surface dull, white, often showing remnants of a thin yellow cuticle. The orifice is very large, not contracted, and squarish or ovate, being narrower and more strongly angular at the carina. All the plates project strongly upward, making the borders of the orifice serrate. The parietes of the two carino-lateral plates are very narrow; those of the other plates are mod- erately wide; all are weakly sculptured with more or less obliquely transverse wrinkles or ripples, narrow but widely spaced. The radii have finer growth ripples nearly parallel to the tube, and are lanceolate, tapering very slowly upward. The wings or alee are very wide, with an external upper striated triangle, Fic. 4.—Balanus evermanni. a, Maxilla; B, second cirrus; ©, mandible. elsewhere smooth. Internally the plates are closely but not strongly striated near the base. The sutures are smooth and even. The opercular valves are white under a thin yellow cuticle. The scuta (pl. vm, fig. 3, 4) have the occludent and tergal margins straight, crenulated at the edge. The adductor muscle impression is shallow and ill-defined, the lateral depressor muscle impression is deep. The adductor ridge is a low, rounded and wide callous rib. The articular ridge is short and not very prominent. The exterior is deeply and subregularly marked with oblique riblets in the direction of growth lines. The terga are sculptured externally like the scuta, except that the riblets are narrower and more crowded. The longitudinal furrow is open. The apex is not beaked. Scutal margin straight; carinal margin slightly convex. The spur is rather long and narrow. Internally the articular ridge is rather low, blunt, but strong. There are four or five short and delicate ridges at the carino-basal angle. The spur is connected with the articular ridge by a strong, rounded and straight rib (pl. vmt, fig. 1, 2). Scutum, length 41 mm., greatest breadth 18.7 mm. Tergum, length 33 mm., breadth 13 mm. From a specimen in which the longest valve of the cup is 88 mm. long (station 4239). Length of cup 150; greatest antero-posterior diameter 67 mm., lateral diameter 66 mim. (station 4253). 204 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. The penis is extremely long, 30 mm., tapering, flesh colored, and extremely finely and closely annulate. The mandible (fig. 4, c) has four principal teeth, decreasing in size from the upper to the lower one. The inferior extremity is rounded, and like the lower margin is densely hairy. The maxilla (fig. 4, 4) is remarkable for its square, even edge, densely beset with large and small spines. : The first cirrus stands well apart from the others. It hasa greatly enlarged basal joint and short, equal rami composed of about 16 joints. The second cirrus (fig. 4, B) is longer, but still is shorter than the following cirri. The joints protrude and are densely bristly on the forward side. The diameters of the rami decrease regularly and slowly from the second to the last pair, but the length is about the same in pairs iii to vi. The third pair of cirri has rami of about 32 joints, and 22mm. long. The last pair of rami has about four pairs of spines on each joint. Type, no. 41840 U.S. National Museum, from Albatross station 4239, junction of Clarence Strait and Behm Canal, Alaska, in 206 to 248 fathoms, coarse sand and rocky bottom, July 9, 1903. Cotypes, no. 32404 U.S. National Museum, from same station. Taken also at station 4253, Stephens Passage, Alaska, in 131 to 188 fathoms, July 14, 1903. This is one of the finest species of Balanus yet described, remarkable for its great size, the uncemented sutures, and the gaping orifice of the outer shell. The weakness of the ridges and crests of the inner faces of the valves is also notable. Until nearly adult the plates of the wall may be readily separated without breaking them; and even the full-grown barnacle has only a membranous attachment between the valves and the base. The species is closely related to B. hameri (Ascanius) ofthe North Atlantic, as defined by Darwin, but differs in numerous details. The spur of the tergum is much narrower, only about half as wide as the space between it and the basi-scutal angle. The scutal and carinal margins of the tergum are more nearly straight. The articular ridge is weaker in both scutum and tergum. The maxille have no “deep notch under the two upper great spines,’’ having an even edge. The inferior angle of the mandible is not spinose. The segments of the second pair of cirri scarcely protrude in front in either B. evermanni or B. hamert. The opercular valves show traces of radial (longitudinal) strize only near the apices. They exceed in size the large fossil valves of B. hameri figured by Darwin in the Monograph on the Fossil Balanide (pl. 1, fig. 7c, 7d). B. evermanni grows in clusters, one mounted upon another. The structural weakness Consequent upon the lack of sutural cement is evidently a modification correlated with a deep water habitat. No littoral barnacle of such feeble structure could exist. Balanus (Conopea) galeatus Linnzus. [Pl. vu, fig. 5-6, and pl. 1x, fig. 8-11.] Several dead specimens were brought up at Albatross station 4432, Brockway Point, Santa Rosa Island, in 272 fathoms gray mud, attached as usual to gorgonians. The cups were empty or filled with sand, but from the débris I obtained two scuta and atergum. As nospecies of this section of Balanus has been reported from the west coast of America hitherto, and B. galeatus has been known heretofore as an exclusively warm-water form of the Antillean region, some details regarding the Pacific specimens may be useful. The cups are rather short, only one (fig. 5) showing the tendency to lengthen the carina into a point, as is so characteristic of B. galeatus. The base is somewhat porous, but less so than the Atlantic speci- mens of galeatus compared. The parietes are solid, and normally grooved inside. The scutum (pl. 1x, fig. 10, 11) is triangular, less widely truncate apically than in typical galeatus as figured by Darwin. The articular ridge is very thick and prominent. The tergum (pl. rx, fig. 8, 9) resembles that of B. galeatus as figured by Darwin, its apex having a squarely truncated appearance, due to the projection of the articular ridge. Bul. U. S. B. F. 1906. PLaTe VI. 1. Scalpellum phantasma. Type. 2. Sealpellum larvale. Vype and a young individual. 3-6. Scalpellum larvale. Variety from station 4382, showing changes with growth. Capitula 3, 5, 6, and 10 mm. long. 7. Scalpellum californicum osseum. Type and a young specimen, 8. Scalpellum californicum. Rostra! plate and adjacent parts. 1. Sealpellum proximum. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of type. 2. Scalpellum perlongum. Type, and ventral view of a cotype. 3. Scalpellum californicum, Bul. U. S. B. F. 1906 PLATE VII 12 1-3. Sealpellum gruvelianum. Lateral view with ventral and dorsal details. 4. Scalpellum gruvelianum secundum. Type. 5-6. Balanus galeatus. From station 4452. 7-10. Balanus evermanni. Carina, right-carinal, and right-rostral latera and rostrum of a cotype. Exterior view. 11-14. Balanus evermanni. Interior view. All about 7 natural size. PLATE VIII. fe pte ete ae Lined Chip Bul. U.S. B. F. 1906 tia [vee] +e 1 PLATE IX. Bul. U. S. B. F. 1906 = 1 Balanus flos. 8-11. Balanus galeatus. eee —- ’ , Pane : - . of iy : ‘ : i fo" ' ; er i 4, Ly eed : a H Girt, , 1 ' Fre fi t i ” oy, 1 io a 7 bac ” ry ry i : “1 : oS yt aa * ‘ h, t - v. 7 1 “Ji 7 Wm + ' f ihe - , 4.4 ob 59 ’ " 4 ' é - - PLATE X. 1. Balanus evermanni aquila, interior of wall 2, Balanu Bul. U. S. B. F, 1906 NOTES ON FISHES OF HAWAII, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SEECIES. By DAVID STARR JORDAN and JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER. BUREAU OF FISHERIES DOCUMENT NO. 623. NOTES ON FISHES OF HAWAII, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. By DAvip STARR JORDAN and JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER. In the month of March, 1905, the senior author made a brief visit to Honolulu. The markets were inspected each day, and a number of species of fishes were collected. Since the date of the collections of Jordan and Evermann in 1901 and of Gilbert and Snyder in 1902, the markets of the city have become very greatly extended. The business of fishing has fallen more fully into the hands of Japanese, and the results of line-fishing in deep water off the coast of Molokai have become a promi- nent feature of the market. Among the species formerly rare, but now commonly seen in the market, are the following: -Etelis evurus. Etelis marshi. Cheetopterus dubius. Rooseveltia brighami. Erythrichthys schlegeli. Merinthe macrocephala. Mulloides pflugeri. The following species in this collection, listed with the numbers under which their respective types are registered in the U. 5. National Museum, seem to be new to science: Caranx dasson, no. 57782. Ariomma evermanni, no. 57783. Rooseveltia aloha, no. 57784. Thalassoma neanis, no. 57785. Scaridea aerosa, no. 57786. The accompanying drawings of these species are the work of Mr. William Sackston Atkinson. Family OPHICHTHYID. 1. Microdonophis polyophthalmus (Bleeker). Head 4.5 in the trunk, 4.9 in tail; depth 2.4 in head; snout 5; eye 1.8 in snout; cleft of mouth about 3 in head; teeth sharp, in a single row on jaws and vomer; origin of dorsal above base of pectoral, height of fin equal to width of interorbital space or length of snout; anal about half as high; pectoral rounded, about equal in length to snout. Tail sharply pointed. Color brownish above, white on yentral surface; side with 3 rows of large alternating dark-brown spots, those of the upper row and 207 208 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. many of the median ones with white centers (in one specimen 2 or 3 spots of the lower row have white centers, while in another only those of the upper and the anterior ones of the median row are so marked); ventral surface with 2 rows of spots, indistinct on belly, prominent along base of anal; head vith many well-defined ocelli, which grow smaller anteriorly, those on the snout being ininute and densely crowded; dorsal with a row of ocelli along its base, each ocellus corresponding in position with the spots along lateral line; above the ocelli and alternating with them a row of narrow dark bars; anal immaculate; pectoral dusky at base. Two specimens, each about 21 inches long. This species is new to Hawaii. 2. Microdonophis fowleri Jordan & Evermann. One specimen. Head 3.8 in in trunk, not 4.8, as stated in the original description. Family MURANID. 3. Echidna tritor (Sauvage). Several large eels of the type of Echidna zonata Fowler were seen in the market together, evidently taken at the same time. Two of them were preserved. One of these has many bands on the body, corresponding to the type of Echidna psalion. The other showed 2 or 8 bands on the tail only, and corresponds nearly to Echidna leihala. Specimens not preserved showed various intermediate characters. These comparisons leave little doubt of the identity of the nominal species of Echidna zonata, vinela, psalion, zonophiea, leihala, and obscura, and probably all are forms of the species without bandg, still earlier described as Pweilophis tritor by Sauvage. It is not improbable that all are again identical with Echidna polyzona (Richardson) of the East Indies. Family SPHYRENIDA. 4. Sphyrezena helleri Jenkins. This species, known as kawalea, never as kaku, grows to a length of about 3 feet. Its scales are small, 130 to 135 in number. The back is steely olive, with 2 light yellow stripes along each side, which fade with age. In the recent report of Jordan & Evermann “, this species is stated to abound nthe mullet ponds. The statement is not correct. It should be applied to the young of Sphyrena snodgrassi, which is called kaku and which does great injury to the mullet. 5. Sphyreena snodgrassi Jenkins. This species, called kaku, is known by its large scales, there being about 85 in lateral line. It reaches a much larger size than the kawalea, often attaining the length of 6 feet. The young of small size are often taken near shore, especially in the mullet ponds. This huge barracuda isallied to the giant barracuda of the West Indies, Sphyriwna barracuda, It is probably not the same as the East Indian Sphyraena commersoni. Family MUGILIDA. 6. Chenomugil chaptalii (Eydoux & Souleyet). Myxus pacificus Steindachner appears to be the young of this species. The teeth are in narrow bands, in some cases there being but 2 or 3 irregular rows, or occasionally but 1 row on parts of the lower jaw. The teeth are trilobed. Family HOLOCENTRIDA. 7. Ostichthys pillwaxi (Steindachner). One fine specimen of this rare species. 8. Holocentrus sammara (Forskal). Two examples, measuring each 4 inches long, haye the spots on the scales so faint as to be hardly discernible. aBull. U.S. Fish Commission, vol. XX111, 1903, pt. I, p. 148, 1905. NOTES ON FISHES OF HAWAII. 209 Family PSENIDA 9. Ariomma evermanni Jordan & Snyder, new species. (Fig. 1, text.) A second species of this peculiar genus is represented by one badly preserved specimen. It differs from Ariomme luridu in having a smaller head, shorter snout, smaller eyes, shorter gillrakers, and larger scales. The head is apparently naked and the caudal is forked, characters which both species may, however, possess in common. The anal rays are evidently preceded by two spines in wf. evermanni. Head 3.4 in length measured to base of caudal; depth 4; depth of caudal peduncle 5.5 in head; eye 3.7; snout 3.3; interorbital space 3.3; dorsal xi-1, 15; anal u, 15; pectoral 25; scales in lateral~ series about 38. Snout blunter and slightly more rounded than that of A. luridu; caudal peduncle short and cylindrical; interorbital space very conyex; eyes with thin adipose lids; maxillary not freely protractile, rounded posteriorly, about equal in length to diameter of eye, almost entirely concealed beneath a broad, pendant, preorbital flap; jaws equal, each with a single row of minute teeth; vomer and palatines without teeth; tongue large and smooth; gillrakers 7+-19, short, slender, and pointed; pseudo-branchize present; nostrils near tip of snout. : —_ Tie. 1.—Ariomma evermanni Jordan & Snyder, new species. Type. Head naked; scales of body large, cycloid, very small on caudal peduncle, extending forward on occipital part of head almost to a point above posterior margin of eye. Origin of dorsal aboye posterior edge of base of pectoral; the spines slender, the longest (third or fourth) contained 2.2 times in length of head; spinous and soft dorsals apparently connected by mem- brane; base of anal long, nearly equal to length of head; first 2 rays small and spine-like; last ray of dorsal and anal pencillated, nearly disconnected like the finlets of Oligoplites, these fins extending an equal distance posteriorly; pectoral 2 in head; ventrals pointed, 2.3 in head; caudal forked, the lobes pointed, 1.4 in head. Color, probably dusky; opercle with a large blackish patch; lining of gill-chambers black; mouth light. Type, no. 57783 U. 8. National Museum, measuring & inches in length; from the market at Honolulu. : Named for Dr. Barton Warren Eyermann, assistant in charge, Division of Scientitic Inquiry, U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, in recognition of his work on Hawaiian fishes. This genus does not belong to the Apogonichthyidw. It seems rather to be an ally of Cubiceps, in the group usually called Nomeidx; but as the generic name Nomeus ought properly to give way to Gobiomorus, we may call the group Psenidx. It differs from Stromateidir chiefly in the separation of the dorsal fins. We may note here that the Hawaiian species of Germo, described on page 174 of the Hawaiian report, is Germo macropterus (Schlegel), not Germo germo. The figure is of the latter species. B. B. F. 1906—14 210 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family CARANGID. 10. Caranx dasson Jordan & Snyder, new species.“ (Fig. 2, text.) Head 3.5 in length to base of caudal; depth 3.1; depth of caudal peduncle 7 in head; eye 4; snout 2.6; interorbital space 3.2; dorsal vii-1, 25; anal u-1, 21; scutes 22. Dorsal contour not greatly elevated, the outline rather gently curved from snout to origin of dorsal; interorbital region elevated, with a rather sharp ridge; snout long, pointed; lower jaw somewhat shorter than the upper; maxillary with supplemental bone, extending posteriorly to a point below anterior margin of eye, its free edge concave; premaxillary protractile; teeth in jaws minute, sharply pointed, rather widely spaced; those of yomer and palatines in villiform bands; a narrow band on tongue; lips thick, their surfaces covered with short, stampy papillee; edge of preorbital sharp, overhanging upper edge of maxillary and part of lip, its width posteriorly less than that of maxillary; lateral line arched somewhat more than dorsal contour; 22 scutes on straight portion, the scutes largest on caudal peduncle where they form a high, sharp ridge; opercles and sides of occipital region scaled; throat, chin, snout, upper part of head and a narrow space extending backward to base of dorsal fin naked; body completely Fic. 2.—Caranx dasson Jordan & Snyder, new species. Type. scaled; eye surrounded with a broad rim of adipose tissue; opercle and preopercle with membranous edges; third dorsal spine longest, 2.1 in head; first and second spines very weak, the second almost as long as third; soft dorsal and anal of nearly equal length, the rays not greatly elongate, the longest 3.2 in head, each fin with a posterior finlet which is not detached; a high membranous, finely scaled sheath along bases of fins; pectoral falcate, 2.8 in length, extending to a point above base of seventh anal ray; tip of fin formed by fourth and fifth rays; ventral pointed, 2.6 in head; caudal deeply forked, lobes sharply pointed, the membrane scaled, 1.2 in head. Color silyery, dorsal and anal dusky, anterior part of soft dorsal and anal blackish. One specimen, 21 inches long, type no. 57782, U. 8. National Museum; from Honolulu market. In the report on the Fishes of Samoa (p. 230) a Caranx thompsoni Seale is listed from Hawaii. This is a manuscript name only and should have been suppressed. 11. Decapterus pinnulatus (Eydoux «& Souleyet). (Decapterus canonoides Jenkins.) The common Decapterus of Hawaii has no golden shades whatever in life. It is not identical with the Japanese Decapterus muroadsi, and it is very doubtful whether either is the same as the Atlantic species, Decaupterus sanctx-helenz. a Listed in Jordan & Seale, Fishes of Samoa, Bull. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxv, 1905 (Dee. 15, 1906), p. 231, but not hitherto described. NOTES ON FISHES OF HAWAII. 211 Family BRAMIDA. 12. Collybus drachme Snyder. A fine cast of this species is in the Bishop Museum. Family SERRANIDE. 13. Caprodon schlegeli Ginther. (PI. x1, fig. 1.) A single example from Honolulu, measuring 17.25 inches. On comparing this with a specimen about 10 inches long from Misaki, Japan, we find no differences except that the Honolulu example has a broader maxillary and stronger teeth, characters probably due to age. Head 3.5 in length to base of caudal; depth 2.8; depth of caudal peduncle 2.9 in head; eye 4.1; interorbital space 3.2; snout 3.4; maxillary 1.9; dorsal x, 21; anal 1m, 8; scales 7-70-22. Dorsal outline evenly curved and considerably elevated; interorbital space convex, extending to a point below posterior edge of pupil; width of maxillary contained 4.7 times in head, its free edge rounded; cleft of mouth oblique; lower jaw very strong, projecting beyond the upper, so that the anterior teeth are exposed; premaxillaries freely protractile; upper jaw with bands of minute, strong teeth, a group of large canines in front and a single row of smaller ones extending posteriorly; toothed area narrow along sides of jaw, but abruptly broadening into large pads on either side anteriorly; teeth of lower jaw in a narrow band posterior to edges of valve, in 2 large elevated pads on each side anteriorly; a naked space between upper pads of teeth, the lower ones more closely apposed; broad patches of fine teeth on tongue, yvomer, and palatines; edge of preopercle feebly denticulate, almost smooth; opercle with 2 broad, flat spines; gillrakers 23 + 6, the longest contained 2 times in longi- tudinal diameter of eye, their tips blunt; lateral line continuous, evenly curved from upper edge of gill opening to a point below posterior dorsal ray, where it rather abruptly turns backward, much as usual in scizenoid fishes, extending along caudal peduncle a little above the middle; head and body, except lips, throat, and edges of maxillary, completely covered with ctenoid scales; many scales on head and upper parts of body, with a minute scale at base; small scales on bases of fins and extending far out on the membranes, those at base of spinous dorsal forming a distinct sheath; dorsal spines strong, the fourth to seventh longest, 2.8 in head; posterior rays longest, 2.1 in head; second and third anal spines very heavy, their length 3.6 in head, the longest ray 2.2 in head; caudal truncate or slightly concave, its length 1.5 in head; pectoral unsymmetrical, the upper rays shortened and the eighth to thirteenth rays markedly elongate, slightly longer than head, their tips broad and flat, the free edge of upper half of fin concave; ventral rounded, the length 1.6 in head. Color, informalin: Yellowish with a slight tinge of olive; scattered scales on upper parts orange or pinkish, in places clustered so as to form clouds of either tint; a well-defined pink bar extending from eye to tip of snout; a similar bar passing over interorbital area; rays of caudal pink; membrane yellow; dorsal and anal yellow, the scaled portion of former clouded with pink and yellow, of the latter with pink; ventral spine pink; rays yellow; pectoral light. When fresh this specimen was fine crimson mixed with yellow; a crimson stripe betore eye, one between eyes; preorbital crimson; space before dorsal golden; caudal, anal, yentrals, and pectorals bright yellow, with some crimson mixed in on the base of caudal, of anal, and on sides; lower jaw crimson; crimson mottling on sides of back conspicuous. The genus Caprodon is distinguished from Odontanthias and other Anthiine with teeth on the tongue by the unsymmetrical pectoral, the truncate caudal, the presence of a scaly dorsal sheath, and by the many-rayed soft dorsal. The dorsal spines are none of them eleyated, and the dentition offers some peculiarities. Family LUTIANIDA. Genus ROOSEVELTIA Jordan & Evermann.” Roosevellia Jordan & Evermann, in Jordan & Seale, Fishes of Samoa, Bull. Bureau Fisheries, vol. xxv, p. 265, 1907; No description (type, Serranus brighami Seale). This genus related to Apsilus and Lutianus, from which it differs in having the top of the head without the elevated crests characteristic of those genera. The top of the cranium is narrow and aName occurs in Jordan & Seale, Fishes of Samoa, but no description hitherto published. 212 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. conyex; the skull is thick, with three obtuse, longitudinal ridges and two grooves separating them; back elevated; no teeth on tongue. The genus contains two known species, Apsius brighamé (Seale), and the new species Roosereltia aloha Jordan & Snyder. This new genus is named for Theodore Roosevelt, eminent as a naturalist and as a promoter of the scientific work of the various scientific bureaus of the Government of the United States: The genera of Ffelinw, distinguished by the unecrested cranium, may be thus compared: I. Dorsal fin continuous, a. Canine teeth strong; body fusiform; no teeth on tongue (= Pristopomoides=Sparopsis), type virescens. ....------APRION, aa. Canine teeth very weak: back more elevated, b, Top of cranium broad, flattish, becoming more convex with age. e, Tongue toothless, d. Body subfisiform, the‘depth 4:in length (violescens) - <2... 2-c200% 5 =o c.e50 054 =nle tee eee ee BOWERSLA. dd. Body deeper, compressed, the depth 3 in length (macrophthalmus) .........+-.-- 22022-00222 eee eee ee ee PLATYINIUS. cc. Tongue with a patch of villiform teeth; body subfusiform (dubéus) ....--.-.2.-2--..-.02e eee eee nee CHETOPTERUS. bb. Top of cranium narrow, convex, the skull thick, with three obtuse longitudinal ridges separated by shallow grooves; no teeth on’ tongue; back elevated: 2. ....2.2 2k os ccc c de cecete sens ce cvcies veces se cee ee eee ee eee eee ROOSEVELTIA. II. Dorsal fin divided. e, Cranium not eavernous; skeleton firm; color red. J. Maxillary sealy. g. Opercle without spine (carbunculus) = <2 cee cis - sie'm asin alae oe a ate oe eee ee eee eee eee ETELIs. gg. Opercle with spine, (berycotdes)\.......-.00200-8-s0%0 ISTELISCUS. ff. Maxillary naked; opercle with:a spine ((,aquitionaris) . <2... .. =. ee. oo ie eee eee ee eee ETELIDES. ee, Cranium cavernous;skelton'soft;; color black cc... si2. BS eae 1 ANAMPSES GODEFFROY! GUNTHER LA 2 | THE FISHES OF ALASKA. By BARTON WARREN EVERMANN and EDMUND LEE GOLDSBOROUGH. BUREAU OF FISHERIES DOCUMENT NO. 624. 219 THE FISHES OF ALASKA. By BARTON WARREN EVERMANN anp EDMUND LEE GOLDSBOROUGH. An investigation of the salmon fisheries of Alaska was made during the summer and fall of 1903 by a special commission appointed by the Commissioner of Fisheries at the request of the President, and a report thereon by David Starr Jordan and Barton Warren Evermann, published January 30, 1904, as House Document No. 477, Fifty-eighth Congress, second session, considered fully all the phases of the salmon fisheries concerning which legislation was urgently needed. Large collections of fishes and other aquatic animals were secured, however, and much information concerning the habits, abundance, and distribution of the salmon and other fishes. It is the purpose of the present paper to put on record the more important of these facts and to discuss more fully some of the chief problems connected with the salmon fisheries. In order to represent fully the scope of the investigations of the special commis- sion, it has been thought advisable to include in this report the species of fishes obtained during the dredging and other collecting operations in British Columbia and Puget Sound. All species previously recorded from Alaskan waters have been listed also, and all Alaskan specimens in the U. S. National Museum have been examined. Attempt has thus been made to embody in this paper a complete review of the fishes of Alaska to date. The commercial and statistical phases of the fisheries have been fully discussed in reports by Mr. John N. Cobb, assistant agent at the salmon fisheries of Alaska.@ The following new species are described in this report. The numbers in parentheses are those of the types as registered in the U.S. National Museum. Polistotrema deani (57820). Blennicoitus clarki (57824). Sebastodes swifti (57821). Pholis gilli (57827). Icelinus burchami (57822). Lumpenus longirostris (57828). Cottus chamberlaini (57823). Lycodes jordan (57829). Accompanying this report are 20 colored plates, made from water-color draw- ings of living fishes. Cuts of all the new species herein described are inserted in the text, as are also numerous others.’ a The Commercial Fisheries of Alaska in 1905, and The Fisheries of Alaska in 1906, Bureau of Fisheries Documents Nos. 603 and 618. > The colored drawings and the pen and ink drawings of all but three cf the new species were made by Mr. \. 11. Baldwin, Lumpenus longirostris and Polistotrema deani were drawn by Miss Anna 8. Buckelew, Lycodes jordani by Miss Violet Dandridge. 2?) 222, BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF FISHES IN ALASKA AND THE PUGET SOUND REGION. For the purposes of the present paper we have considered the territory covered as made up of five divisions, viz: |. The Puget Sound-British Columbia region, extending northward to Dixon Entrance and Port- jJand Canal. 2. Southeast Alaska, from Dixon Entrance and Portland Canal to Yakutat Bay. 3. Central Alaska, from Yakutat Bay to the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands, including Prince William Sound, Cook Inlet, and their connecting waters. 4. Bering Sea, including the Yukon and all other tributary waters in Alaska. 5. Arctic Ocean, including the Mackenzie and all other tributary waters in Alaska. The geographic distribution of fishes in these regions is represented in the fol- lowing tabulation, an examination of which shows some interesting facts. The total number of species recorded is 288. Of these, 7 are found in each of the 5 regions; 40 are known from all of the regions except the Arctic; 16 are known from Bering _ Sea, Central Alaska, and Southeast Alaska, but not from either of the other 2 regions. ‘Twenty-two are peculiar to Puget Sound region, 15 to Southeast Alaska, 14 to Central Alaska, 55 to Berimg Sea, and only 1 (Argyrosomus lucidus) to the Arctic. There are 11 anadromous and 18 strictly fresh-water species. The great number of species from Bering Sea shows how much more thor- oughly that region has been studied than have Central and Southeast Alaska; it does not necessarily indicate a decidedly richer fauna. rg KE, | lax | 3 d | 3 bo 3 4 \.5| 3/41] 3 we] a ]4] 3] 8 : ; si} 4131/5] 8 P F su}4|/g)/5/8 Family and species. les eo] asa | & } | Family and species. 2S) a/a|/210 20/2 |< |2/ 3 s/s ialzle Sel i138 /a | SB Oe] i 16 1-8 1s BE] a |B Ble Beli |B) S| 2 a lalo|lal 4a Wap Gal eos Acipenser medirostris............... VGA Ee Alt O° pts Lae 3 | Hypomesus pretiosu Se Gilese le CATOSTOMIDE: olidus.. Steere Perceval oneal ee Catostomus catostomus............-'..../.<.-}...- ee Eee | euroglossus:stilbius:-. 222s eseaes--)ececlonce ued xGleess SYNAPHOBRANCHIDE: | MIcRosTOMID®: | | Histiobranchus bathybius. .........!....|:-..|...- a A Bathylagus borealis: ... 22.2. -2-.-2!s-ctonee occ) Be" eae NEMICHTHYID#: | MycToPHIDs®: _ AVOCEbUINS Pills... aces eauce sess teeta oe a en Em, el | Lampanyctus gemmifer.............!.... CLUPEID&: Nannobrachium leucopsarum Chlipea: pallasiit..<-<.2.255..26 fase as vail Bos 4dl [beh eal faint nannochir. . < | Alosa sapidissima... < 22... .-s26acase s Sail ht | Sct ee ce Diaphus theta. -ssee sess eee see | ee SALMONID? ; | CHAULIODONTID&®: | | Coregonus kennicotti................ Hap > 5 Cyelothonemicrodon ss -2c-: 2) 2 |=eeclane|oeee > a ee quadrilateralis...........|.... Tal s Chauliodus macowni ...........---.- pa es 4] el oe nelsoni... - iS: . PLAGYODONTID#®: | | AxeyTosomus puslias. wa wena adie aol BP SCE Plagyodus wsculapius...-.-. ase teers ot ave Re Gal eeu emi BUTCLER oe 6. ce eee coos ioe RRS ba ell leeches Pygosteus|pungitius....-...=-......|-.-. el eel lex gulosus.. eae Gasterosteus cataphractus.......... 65 Si oa | Ese cognatus... Fy eee ese AULORHYNCHIDE: | aleuticus . xX Aulorhynchus flavidus.............. < Lex iu s jaok eX AMMODYTIDE: | verrucosus. AVX Ammodytes personatus............. Sel ieee >: esas axillaris... x BERYCIDE: stelleri-- a! Plectromusnpubris®.=---55----2-ealaoe SHA Sl ace | migere-:--2- xX CristicepS= =. 5-25. eee aseese Se tei ea Megalocottus platycephalus eo ZAPRORIDE: Jaticeps: --=-- 32 Weprorasllenus: ==. 2s << 2eeee eee 4 one Zesticelus profundorum. Ai on EMBIOTOCIDE: Thecopterus aleuticus. . A lee eee Cymatogaster aggregatus........... Se ents swifti...... alenee| eS elarki....- Sacco te diploproa.. Shale Histiocottus bilobus HS el Bey ee introniger. .. | fe Blepsias cirrhosus. - SCHNSGHE USE: Saalexaale Nautiscus pribilovius...............|.... BN esllless ae Tosaceus. ye laecsl Nautichthys oculofasciatus keel saree eset rupestris.. Seay HS] Ulea marmorata.......---. SA 2G \ SSS Se |e Secl 5 Hemitripterus cavifrons- ll xX eile Synchirus gilli dpe eee maliger.... ell Le Psychrolutes paradoxus. SEX nebulosus. - . AHESCal [ASC || _ Gilbertidia sigolutes.............---|.... Bee eee oa nigrocinctus)....2....2.. il oe is || RHAMPHOCOTTIDE: | ANOPLOPOMATID: Rhamphocottus richardsoni........ Kile Boe ey [eee Anoplopoma fimbria................ >< SS A AGONIDE: | | | HEXAGRAMMIDE: Hypsagonus quadricornis........... D6] Basel eel lace ae Pleurogrammus monopterygius. -... Pee UES Sas Occa dodecaedron ....... ees eee eet Hexagrammos decagrammus...-.. SOU SIPS HE Pallasina barbata. 15SEC octogrammus. -- le sca Scale aimee bon see: Be eel’ Bee stelleri...... EES SCH OS IE Podothecus acipenserinus > foe | taeda toa superciliosus.- Sa Salle Averruncus emmelane.. I Xe) Scclasecleaes lagocephalus. . te 4||_ lly aes | PCL Sarritor frenatus....... ae SGX Ophiodon elongatus...... Saal al |b Oa lease Woe leptorhynchus..-. Bee (reel ap, Gal [tae Zaniolepis latipinnis. AVE SCS |e sees a4 Bathyagonus nigripinnis - EVES ESSE OSS Oxylebius pictus! 225223 52322 52 222 x ies | Xenochirus pentacanthus Xe OC eee Corrip2®: | alascanus.... a eee Pee el eaal lies Chitonotus pugetensis._..........__. bal Pact (eee latifrons... 2 Be eae Tarandichthys filamentosus . aileeeeree Odontopyxis trispinosus- x = Lenuigee eee SON eed sae | Aspidophoroides guntheri eee Broan Teelinus burchami. . - Bee cal ese bartoni- (eter W ON6 borealis. - SO | Oe 1X PETMISses ogee ee x | 4 Astrolytes fenestralis BL exai| ox CYCLOPTERIDZE: Stelgidinotus latifron. Pesca baie 1s Beale Eumicrotremus orbis.............-- OS ener he. Artediellus pacificus. .- nee ex Lethrotremus muticus. - - Baan he >< Rastrinus scutiger- - OAs Cyclopteroides gyrinops.-.-. IE x Icelus bicornis - --- x Cyclopterichthys ventricosus A eel I< spiniger..- x LIPARIDID®: | euryops..- x Neoliparis'rutten= = —5.2-0..--22-<24 - DO: vicinalis.... Se collyodon. Sd canaliculatus . See ees a | Liparis cyclopus.- -. ey Radulinus asprellus . BH Nil ie nce eae eee i| fucensis. Cal Triglops beani...-. | Set Seea S21 en ees i agassizii...... x scepticus... = e| Wy <1 | cl Io herschelinus aoe Sternias xenostethus | dsnoal| dtl eae | cyclostigma Prionistius macellus - - -| X] X |---- | pulchellus. . .. Elanura forficata -- Ah >-< |b. Crystallichthys mirabilis. Melletes papilio Se Soecs Sed bee) es Careproctus simus..... Hemilepidotus jordani..--.-.--- AS Po-6) Fe cephalus - stigma... .- oes S55 boo x 2 ulochir. . . | _ Melanostigma pammelas. .....-----. |icsc) He eae : Rhinoliparis barbulifer........ Banna ee eee LYCODAPODIDE: | BATHYMASTERID®: Lycodapus fierasfer . . | Bathymaster signatus. xX xX parviceps. Ronquilus jordani..--. Aotonmeseateee x, PX OXtensushs See sn See eee ee eee TRICHODONITIDE: MERLUCCID: | Trichodon ‘trichodon:* <2 222-22; stews Xx Merluccius productus.......-.------- Aretoscopus Japonicus.. .....5 222s. seha2e-ee BA be. Cee es GADIDE: BATRACHOIDLE: Boreogadus:saidass-e eee ee eee ee Porichthys notatuss <2 seecncec coche) neh aes tera te a Theragra chaleogramma . mA GOBIESOCIDE: fucensis...--- Caularchus meandricus........--.-- PS tiie eben sete Eleginus navaga....-- BLENNUDE: Microgadus proximus. - Bryostemma polyactocephalus..... X X XX Gadus macrocephalus. Apodichthys flavidus......-.-.- aS Antimora microlepis : Pholis dolichogaster - x Lota maculosasces. ec -oacsn ce asec sete eee fasciatus.....- x MACROURIDE: } gilli... Pea << Albatrossia pectoralis.22222-2-+ acetate ee ornatus ............ x 1EX. Bogoslovius clarki.... } 4 Anoplarchus atropurpureus. x 1x firmisquamis Xiphistes chirus....-...... pe P38 Chalinura serrula....---.-- Riphidion MuUucosuisss.2.a-22c--- 5c! MI Meleca ences Macrourus acrolepis. oe MUPOSEIG: 2 \icigsi.nees acess ets etc MOND Ae wae eaten iCiNeTCUS/G ho seco tes epee x a] Xess Opisthocentrus ocellatus.....-...... -----+------ x PLEURONECTIDE: Leptoclinus maculatus. c m08 Sa Bee July 23 | Sept. 6 | Aug. 20| Sept. 5 - 1) July 30) Sept. 15 Aug. 29 | July 28 | Sept. 6 Aug. 28 June 30 | Sept. 6 Aug. 29 | July 13 | Sept. 8 Sado een aeeeeees Aug. 29| July 11] Sept. 6 ve eneoees Peete earns | July 13 | Sept: 3 2) Aug. 29 B. B. F. 1906—16 242 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 28. Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum). Dog Salmon; Chum; Calico Salmon. (Pl. xxvir and xxvmt.) The dog salmon is a species of wide distribution. On the American coast it occurs from San Francisco northward at least to Hotham Inlet, Kotzebue Sound, and Bering Strait (Bean 1882). It is found also on the Asiatic coast and is the principal salmon in Japanese waters, where it is known as saké. It is not abundant on the coast of California, but increases in numbers northward, being most abundant in Southeast Alaska. Dr. Bean records it from Old Sitka, from Alexandrovsk, Cook Inlet, and from St. Paul, Kodiak Island. Mr. Hess reports its occurrence at Teller in a stream flowing into Port Clarence. In the streams of Seward Peninsula it runs from July 15 to August 31; then comes a mixture of dog salmon and silver salmon. The species was found by Mr. Hess on July 1, 1900, near Council, in the lower Fish River, which flows into Golofinin Bay. It is said that the run of salmon in the Tanana is not great enough for canning purposes; but in the Yukon at the mouth of the Tanana the run of salmon (all species) is probably enough to justify commercial fishing. Mr. Townsend (1885) records it as the principal salmon of the Kobuk River. According to Mr. E. W. Nelson (1880) the dog salmon is abundant at St. Michael. The run begins at the end of June and is over by the last of July. On account of its great abundance, this is to the Eskimo the most valuable food fish about the shores of Bering Sea and the lower Yukon and Kuskoquim rivers. On the lower Yukon the main run occurs between the last of June and the end of July. The fish is rarely taken at St. Michael before June 12. Dog salmon are said to go through Chilkoot Lake and spawn in its inlets, but we have no positive knowledge to this effect. At Sitka on August 20, where boys were seen gafting salmon at the bridge across Indian River, several dog salmon were noted. Dog salmon were seen by us at most of the canneries visited, especially in August. We saw them at Taku Inlet (July 14), Killisnoo and Sitkoh Bay (July 26), Chignik (August 9 and 10), Kell Bay (August 23), Dundas Bay, Point Ellis (August 21), Funter Bay (July 23), Hunter Bay (August 28), Cleveland Passage (July 13), Pillar Bay and Loring. The run of dog salmon in Alaska seems to come later than that of any other species except the coho. In Southeast Alaska the season is not at its height until late in August or September. Spawning fish have been taken in the vicinity of Fort Yukon in August and September. Like the humpback, the dog salmon seems to prefer the smaller, coastal streams. Although it runs to some extent in the larger rivers, such as the Columbia, Copper, and Yukon, it ordinarily does not ascend them to great distances. It is unknown in the headwaters of the Columbia; the records of ‘‘dog salmon” there and in the head- waters of other large rivers probably refer in most cases to spawning males of the chinook salmon, which are, In many places, popularly known as ‘“‘dog salmon.’’? This species is most abundant in small streams near the sea and in the small lower-course tributaries of the larger streams. The dog salmon is second in size only to the chinook, as is shown by the following table. A total of 202 samples were examined. The average weight of these was 8.33 pounds, the average length, 29 inches. The largest male examined was 35 inches long and weighed 16 pounds; the smallest was 25.5 inches long and weighed 5 pounds. The largest female was 33 inches long and weighed 15 pounds, the smallest female was 25 inches long and weighed 7 pounds. MEASUREMENTS AND WEIGHTS oF DoG SaLMon. See Length. Weight. ; Num- , ngt els) Average Average Locality. ber ex-| Sex. ] length. | weieht amined. | Maximum. Minimum. Average. |Maximum. | Minimum. Average. | etn. ents — = 7 me | | Inches. _ Inches. Inches. Pounds. Pounds. | Pounds. Inches. | Pounds. Chignik............ { } é pelle ae ree a= 13.00 I} 20.37 | ‘ggg Sukkwan .........0. 1 ral ee es | 30.87 10.00 © = | Funter Bay....-...- re g oe 3: \ 31.17 12.17 Point. Ellis. .....--.. 1 oh 31.é 6, | 31.50 16.00 9 Dundas Bay........ ee _ 30. Bier \ 29.40 | 10.00 ee f. 16) ¢ 8.44 al ; Kell Bay...-.-.-.- (3) 3 aa \ 29.17 8.29 Cleveland Passage -. 1 0) ese BER eeeeee oe eee eke | WOU Rem eso bons se: 29.50 12.00 Nushagak River.... { 3 3 ae \ 28.001 | 7.596 Roppinng. . 2.25225. 1 P2750 ans oas eee slo e eee lh (Se 7250) [oases See tee 27.50 7.50 teashile Rive a) + 30.00 5. 9.038 ‘ = Ugashik River...... (ete 3g see 72:00 | poeiieerees \ 29.015 8.192 THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 943 Asa food fish this species is inferior to all the other salmon. The inferiority, however, is more marked when the fish is canned than when otherwise utilized. The flesh is soft and spongy and does not lend itself readily to canning processes. It is pale in color and therefore not so attractive in appearance as that of the other species. When utilized fresh the fish takes a higher rank. It is coming more and - more to be frozen and shipped east or abroad, and is meeting with much favor in that form. Consider- able quantities are being dry-salted for the Japanese market. In Japan this species is highly prized and isa valuable product of the fisheries. It is the most abundant salmon in that country. When fresh run from the sea the dog salmon is a handsome fish, plump and silvery, very attractive in appearance, and closely resembling the silver salmon. Later the dark of the back tends to form vertical bars which extend down on the sides. In the breeding season the body becomes largely dirty black, obscurely barred with dirty red, the jaws become greatly elongated and distorted, and the teeth show prominently. Frequently the flesh is dirty red and soiled white alternately in broad bands which, together with the banding on the surface, doubtless suggested the name calico salmon. The Russians call this salmon hayko or lekai, while to the Japanese it is saké. The trade name on our coast is chum. Although the dog salmon does not yet rank high in popular favor, and while it is commercially the least valuable of the several species of salmon except the coho, it is nevertheless a valuable fish, one destined to become more and more appreciated as we learn better methods for its utilization. The flesh, though not so red nor so firm and flaky as in other species, is no less nutritious and no less wholesome. At present it is probably better to utilize it either fresh or by dry-salting rather than by canning. During the season of 1906 the dog salmon fishery increased enormously over previous years. The total number of fish utilized was 3,259,384. Reducing the entire catch to a canned salmon basis it is equivalent to 273,459 cases, valued at $755,374. Tue BEGINNING AND ENDING oF ComMMERCIAL FisHiInc For Doa SauMon avr VaArtous FISHING Srations in AvasKa, 1904-1906. Note.—The fact that the name of a river is given does not mean that fishing is carried on in the river itself; in fact, the fish are nearly always caught before they enter the streams. In many instances the fishing station is in the vicinity of the stream and its name has merely been used to locate the station more clearly. The dates given do not necessarily mean the beginning and ending of the run for each stream, as the fish may have been running for sometime before the cannery men were abe to fish the stream and the pack may have been obtained and fishing stopped before the end of the run. 1904. | 1905. 1906. Waters. Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing began— | ended— | began ended began— | ended. Bering Sea. . INRP GHEE) 3 Coen ae ceca ne See OR ES EEE SEC BOD ne Bose ea SE aSeeoner 25 | June 1] July 28! June 11 | Aug. 4 Kvichak River... - Naknek River... Ugaguk River... Ugashik River. .- y INET SOM aS OOM ee aaa ce eee eee seen a cine eens Gees aetan=|eeiiseemnwis|anccceece|uereweevce|onsucenses | June — | July — June 24 | July 22 | June 25| Aug. 7 Iey Strait: Dundas Bay... Glacier Bay—Bartlett Bay.......-.-- Pleasant Island Excursion Inlet PortnredencksChichacor 1Sland) cect an. oes seen cs peer lale liga Chin ee ee neon doses Soo E ace ee Ssaea CoS aEee aercenee June 25 hn atelier ere live tetera sear erates a ate sees etme aan June 24 IOP IRIN Oa = ao peep oer sosseESSeceo MG StETe TD Olas e me ease aetat = stele alereta IROINGMOUISC Hee ae eae anaemia | INV ed EK Re oe aetneias aces onan Saeeee DeBO AD Aaner Roce case seeaoces Chatham Strait: Funter Bay, Admiralty Island.-........-.--. pee eisauie sees (Cebit Aen aon choos no cdivedels Sonam oCUSCE par S-oses scenes aodas Bay of Pillars— INOntH AIM e Keni Uslandemys setae cee cera iene sim sailors = South Arm, Kuiu Island?............ St. Michael Bay—Kuiu Bay, Kuiu Island. .- Stephens Passage........-------------------- (Ralkouinleticeae: oss ae eee eel ia | July eee Beets Oe ae Porbisnet tisha.) ) eee ue ener J : a Seymour Caria ee ee eee meee eine aetna imine acini = le Lnoseectocd eon ae dace oecaoecsaeaaresacac a 1900, June 19 to July 1. ¢ 1900, August 15 to September 25. > 1900, July 15 to August 31. d 1900, July 9 to September 24. 244 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Tur BeGInntinc aND ENDING oF ComMeErRcIAL FisHinac ror DoG Satmon at VaRIous FIsHInG Srations in Abaska, 1904-1906—Continued. Waters. Southeast Alaska Frederick Sound: Security Bay, Kuiu Island Saginaw Bay, Kuiu Island. . Port Camden, Kuiu Island. . Cleveland Passage... ..02:-.22-2-:---ssscccsece Wrangell Strait: Petersburg Creek, Mitkof Island ! July 5]| Aug. 22 Blind Point, Mitkof Island....... Duncan Canal, Kupreanof Island Sumner Strait: I 1904. 1905. 1906. | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing Fishing | Fishing | began— | ended— | began ended began— ended | | —Continued. been || Juty 20) | Oct. 27al2 cet ss] eens Sept. 20 |....do..-|....do..-] July 28 | Aug. 27 Pe pele | Calder'and Eleopdam Bay, Prince of WalesIsland).2.< 2. -2:|ocec--2- 2]. --2s5- seedless see coal bees eee July 27) Aug. 30 Rocky Pass, Kuiu Island(?).. Point Barrie Stream, Kupreanof Island. Totem Bay, Kupreanof Island Red Bay, Kupreanof Island... . Stikine'River...220 2... scenc22s Zimovia Strait: Thoms (Old V Clarence Strait: Salmon Bay, Prince of Wales Island Eagle Creek, Prince of Wales I Whale Passage, Prince of Wales Island Lake Bay, Prince of Wales Island... .--- rae MAUS. 15 Coffman Cove, Prince of Wales Island- E Rocky Bay, Etolin Island......._..-... Ratz Harbor, Prince of Wales Ernest Sound— Union Bay, Cleveland Peninsula... Vixen Point, Cleveland Peninsula Menefee Inlet, Etolin Islan Point Warde, Cleveland Pe Anon Creek, Cleveland Peninsula. DoristBayn(?)iis. oe en- sess scene se Middle Arm (?) Sunny Point (?).........- Meyers Stream, Cleveland Peninsula. Thorne Bay, Prince of Wales I Kasaan Bay— Karta Bay, Prince of Wales Island Twelvemile Arm— Kina Stream, Prince of Wales Island |.-. Skowl Arm, Prince‘of Wales, Island@-2)--2— acne setae |Seneeee-cl amen eee Behm Canal— | | Yes Bay, Cleveland Peninsula@....................--.-- | | | UNUIGRIVER serosa =e Checats Stream 08 020.2 ).s0ccsal enn eee se eee Tongass Narrows— Ward Cove, Revillagigedo Ketchikan Creel, Revillagigedo Island. . Cholmondeley Sound J. os... .cretaenecn a saee | Dora Bay, Prince of Wales Island. 2222-22. -:--cesese-5 chee Peter Johnson Stream (Dolom Moira Sound—- North Arm, Prince of Wales Island South Arm...........-..- Old Johnson Stream, Prince of Wales Island......- Nichols Passage— Tain, Annette Island........... Tamgass Harbor, Annette Island. - Nadzaeer, Annettelslanas = 2.220. Seite sam cepetereiataets stot Revillagigedo Channel: George Inlet, Revillagigedo Isl Nancy, Haines: (2)). .c22ss22cec-csssc Duke Island.... sland... Sept. 14 | Sept. 2 July 1 | Sept. 15 sland’ sss Sse oe ret ae eae oeeeasts | Serge ts beeen oninsula. SISNG 2s 2 Sse noes sacece sae ee seinen | eames Aslan 22 ater eee eee aes |. Pee paccaence i), Prince of Wales Island Eh 0s Roane ein Ameen SAG ie esior ol beercmriccrig intacaanodc Aeocerogos i @ 1897, July 17 to August 7; 1899, July 14 to September 13; 1900, July 21 to September 17. > 1897, July 23 to August 2. 29. Oncorhynchus tschawytscha (Walbaum). Chinook Salmon; King Salmon; Quinnat Salmon. (PI; xxixjand! xxx.) The chinook salmon is called king salmon or spring salon in Alaska; spring or chinook salmon on Fraser River and Puget Sound; chinook, royal chinook, quinnat, or Columbia River salmon on the Colum- bia River, and Sacramento salmon in California. Where the Chinook jargon is spoken it is the tyee, which means king. Among the Russians it is called tschavitche or tschawytscha. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 245 This is a salmon of wide distribution. It occurs on both coasts of the Pacific from Monterey Bay and China north into the Arctic Ocean, ascending all large streams. The most southern point on the Califor- nia coast for which we have definite records is Monterey Bay, but its southern range doubtless extends somewhat farther down the coast. There isa record, on what authority we do not know, of its occurrence in the Ventura River, 300 miles south of San Francisco. However that may be, this important salmon is not uncommon in Monterey Bay, where considerable numbers are caught in spring and summer by trolling. In the Sacramento and Columbia rivers it is the principal salmon, far outnumbering all other species. It occurs in some numbers in other streams of Oregon and Washington, and is not uncom- mon in Puget Sound. It runs somewhat sparingly in the larger streams of British Columbia and Southeast Alaska, particularly the Fraser, Skena, Nass, Stikine, and Taku. Throughout Southeast Alaska the king salmon is probably not uncommon, although the catch has not been considerable until recently. It is said that this fish can be taken by trolling any month in the year about Admiralty Island, particularly in the vicinity of Killisnoo. In 1905 and again in 1906 it was par- ticularly common about Ketchikan and in Tongass Narrows, where it was taken in seines. It isalso taken near Chilkat and Chilkoot. Usually the king salmon make their appearance at the time of the run of the herring, upon which they largely feed, and they follow up the smelt also, being found wherever that species occurs in numbers. The principal river in Southeast Alaska into which the king salmon run is the Taku, and the salmon taken in the various places mentioned above probably enter that stream for spawn- ing purposes. In 1906, from July 15 to 20, 100 king salmon were taken in gill-nets operated by an Indian in the vicinity of Burroughs Bay. They were all very large, some of them reaching a weight of 89 pounds. It is said they can be taken in that locality as early as May 15. Usually the Wrangell cannery counts on getting 4,000 to 8,000 king salmon from the Stikine River each year. In 1897, 350 king salmon averaging 16 pounds each were salted at Killisnoo. In Copper River, which flows into Prince William Sound, and the larger streams tributary to Cook Inlet, there is a considerable run of king salmon. They are said not to run in Alitak Bay, on Kodiak ~ Island. They are, however, taken at Karluk. and other places on Kodiak Island and also on Afognak Island and the islands of the Alaskan Peninsula, though at no place in any abundance. In Nelson Lagoon, in 1906, those first caught were taken June 15. They continued to run until July 18, July 1 to 18 being the height of the season. The fish caught there ran 15 to the barrel. In the Ugashik River, in 1906, those first caught were taken June 4. The king, red, and dog usually come together. The run of that season, as for five seasons past, was poor. The king salmon occurs, though not abundantly, in the Nushagak River. In 1906 it was first seen on June 7, and the run for the year was greater than usual and the fish were larger. Small king salmon are here sometimes put up under coho labels. They also occur in considerable numbers in the Yukon. Important fisheries supplying the local demand are operated at Dawson, Eagle City, and Rampart. Rampart is 900 miles above the mouth of the Yukon, and the run was on at that place September 10. Several were taken, each weighing 20 pounds or more. They were full of spawn. Late in July king salmon have become common in the upper Yukon beyond the boundary, being found in the middle and lower waters a month earlier. During the summer of 1897 a number of fishermen employed gill-nets at Dawson, Northwest Territory, readily taking king salmon of large size. Many fish were found weighing 40 pounds and over, and the prices received for them were so high as to make the business quite profitable. This point is 1,300 miles from the sea. They are said to run up the river at least as far as Caribou Crossing, 2,000 miles from the sea. Mr. Hess found them in China Slough of the Tanana for seven to nine days toward the end of July and in the Tanana itself for three weeks. On July 14, 1904, he observed the first king salmon at the Central Telegraph Station on Goodpaster River, 63 miles below its head. They are said to go 25 miles farther up this stream and to be very abundant later in the season. Nelson says (1887): This species is taken along the shores of Norton Sound immediately after the ice disappears in spring, my earliest date being June 6, 1877. On the lower Yukon, up, at least, to Anvik, the largest of these salmon run during the few days just preceding and following the breaking up of the ice and thence on to the end of the season they decrease gradually in size and quality. * * * At Anvik they begin running about the 12th of June and the season is virtually over by the middle of July. 1 was told that one example was taken at Anvik that weighed 140 pounds and that they sometimes weigh a third more than that. 946 . BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Mi. Nelson does not regard this information as reliable. Mr. V. L. Derby in a letter dated January 19, 1907, reports that “a few king salmon rounded Point Barrow and entered the lagoons at Pareneck, the shooting station, in the spring of 1906. The natives caught a few in the fall of 1905 and summer of 1906.” One was seen by us at the cannery at Wrangell July 13, among many hundred humpbacks. A few were seen in the Taku Inlet cannery July 14. Two (1 male and 1 female) were examined at Pyramid Harbor, July 15. The male was 28 inches long and weighed 8 pounds; the female was 40.5 inches long and weighed 28 pounds. A female seen at the Dundas Bay cannery July 24 was 34 inches long and weighed 17 pounds. The eggs of this fish were very immature. King salmon weighing 35 to 40 pounds were caught in sea-otter nets off Montague Island in December, 1894, and January, 1895. Mr. Rutter saw one at Karluk that was 50 inches long and weighed 60.5 pounds. A female 2 feet 9 inches long, weighing 13 pounds and nearly ripe, was seined at Karluk August 4. Mr. A. B. Alexander saw one in 1888 in Nushagak that weighed 85 pounds. On July 18, 1900, Mr. Kutchin saw one at Kasilof which weighed 77 pounds. Dr. Tarleton H. Bean says in “The Alaskan Salmon and Their Allies:” Individuals weighing over 100 pounds are on record. At St. Paul, Kodiak, Mr. B. G. McIntyre weighed one which registered 87.5 pounds without its vicera, and the entire fish must have exceeded 100 pounds. Capt. William Kohl has recently told me that he once obtained reliable information in Cook Inlet of a salmon weighing about 140 pounds, and individuals of equal size are reported in the Yukon. Mr. John N. Cobb has a record of one weighing 77 and two others each of 75 pounds, taken by trolling near Ketchikan in 1905, and one of 47 pounds taken at Juneau in 1906. He gives also the following information regarding fish from Bristol Bay: WEIGHT AND MEASUREMENTS OF 51 KING SALMON EXAMINED AT THREE Bristoun Bay LocaALitiEes IN 1906. Nina | Length. Weight. | Total | Num- re : sees eel | Sali <== = 7 num- | Average. Average Locality and date. —_| ber ex) | Sex. | vaxi-| Mini- |, rapo,| Maxi-| Mini- |, aco,|berex-| length. ween E i | mum. | mum. | ~ age. mum. mum. i Be- amined. | | Inches. Inches.. Inches. | Lbs. | Lbs. | Pounds. | | Inches. | Pounds. Ae wee ee f & | 48| 33.00] 39.722] 34] 14.0] 25.5 x Fe Koggiung (July 12)...-...-. i) | 45 | 26.50 39 7.5 46 39. 260 25.369 Nushagak River (July 19).. a i 38 | 34.00; 36. | 21; 14.0 : 2) 36.000 | 17.500 Wood River (July 19)-.-..--- of 34 | 29.75 31. 666 15 10.0 12.333 3 31. 666 12.333 Bean (1882) records this salmon from Kasilof River, Cook Inlet, and from the Yukon. Gilbert says (1895) that at Departure Bay, May 10-13, 1890, young individuals were feeding on the herring (C. pallasii) and a number were taken on the trolling line. He says further: At Unalaska, May 24-27, 1890, the run had hardly begun, though a few individuals were seen. A small pond near the stream which flows into the head of Captains Harbor was full of young salmon of this species, from 2 to 5 inches long, which took the fly greedily. June 3, at the mounth of the Nushagak River, Bristol Bay, an occasional individual was taken. A small run had come into the river a short time before our visit. On June 16 they were running abundantly at Unalaska, but they were not seen on later visits at this point or at Port Méller. It is worthy of note that their period of greatest abun- dance coincided in time with that of the herring, and their approach to the coast may be determined by the movements of the latter. Their annual appearance in large numbers in Monterey Bay, California, seems to be dependent on the run of anchovies. The following notes have been furnished by Mr. John N. Cobb: Considerable numbers are taken on hand-lines bated with herring on the herring grounds on the northern side of Kuiu Island. It is said that young king salmon 10 to 12 inches long can be taken in October on hand-lines from the wharves at Killisnoo. The Indians take large numbers of small kings in Florence Bay. A few are taken in gill-nets (9.5 inch mesh) at Orca, where they are packed with s red salmon. A few are obtained each year in the Copper River delta, where the run begins about May 6. King salmon are found in many of the rivers of Alaska during the breeding season, being most abun- dant, so far as known, in the Unuk, Stikine, Taku, Nushagak, Kvichak, and Ugashik. The rest of the year they are found scattered pretty much all over the straits, sounds, and bays of Southeast Alaska, THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 947 and it is possible they might be found in other portions of Alaska at this season were they to be fished for. At this time they are.feeding upon the herring, and, in Southeast Alaska, are especially abundant in the vicinity of Point Comano on Cleveland Peninsula, and in Seymour Canal, Taku Inlet, and Gas- tineau Channel. It is said that there was a run of king salmon in Snug Harbor, Tenakee Inlet, in the fall of 1905 and the spring of 1906, which was the first seen there for several years. The season of 1905 witnessed the inception of a new branch of the salmon industry. About the middle of January king salmon were observed in the vicinity of Ketchikan, but it was not until January 23 that the first fish was brought to that place. News of a large run of fish having spread, there were soon a number of whites and Indians out in canoes catching the kings, which they located by watching the gulls, which would gather over the herring schools upon which the kings were feeding. As the herring were in shoal water, nets could be used in but few places, so trolling lines were brought into use. At first herring bait was employed, but it was soon discovered that a nickel trolling spoon would answer the purpose just as well. The vicinity of Point Comano and Point Stewart seemed to be favorite resorts for the fish, but they were to be found almost everywhere within a radius of 50 miles from Ketchikan. Several firms in Ketchikan early saw the possibilities of the business and soon had out steamers and launches collecting the fish from the fishing boats. Upon reaching Ketchikan they were packed in ice and shipped to Puget Sound ports. The fish averaged 25 pounds in weight. One was caught which weighed 77 pounds, while several were brought in which weighed 75 pounds each. About 25 per cent of the catch consisted of white-meated fish and 75 per cent of red-meated. For the former the fishermen were paid 25 cents each and for the latter 50 cents each. During the run, which lasted until May 18th, 271,644 pounds, valued at $15,600, were shipped. A considerable quantity was also cured by the Indians for their own use, while some were consumed locally by the whites. The Ketchikan dealers state that the king salmon were very delicate and would not stand such handling as a red salmon will, and at first many of them had to be classed as second-grade fish on account of being bruised in killing by the Indians. For years the Indians have been catching kings in winter for their own consumption. In 1905 the run was unusually large. It was much smaller in 1906, in the vicinity of Ketchikan, at least. The preparation of mild-cured king salmon in Alaska has been carried on for some years. Up to the year 1906 only spawning fish were so treated, but the big run in the neighborhood of Ketchikan during the winter of 1905 attracted the attention of Puget Sound salters, and this year there were a number of plants in operation, some of which handled the feeding fish. In May and June the Juneau and Douglas dealers paid 75 cents each for all red-meated kings weighing over 17 pounds, 35 cents for all under 17 pounds, and 20 cents for white-meated kings of any weight. These dealers estimated that there were about 7 white-meated kings to every 100 red-meated fish. The largest king handled at Juneau weighed 47 pounds, while by far the greater part ran over 17 pounds in weight. Tierces holding 800 pounds were used and about 50 fish were required to fill a tierce. In curing, the head was taken off and the entrails removed. The fish was then split down the middle and the backbone taken out, thus leaving the fish in two halves. After the blood vessels were scraped out the fish were put into ice water for about thirty minutes and then salted down in the tierces with fine (dairy) salt. The number of king salmon required to the case (of 48 one-pound cans) varies somewhat, as shown by the following figures: Orca, 4.2 fish to the case; Dundas Bay, 4.5; Pyramid Harbor, 3.5; Taku, 2.8; Nushagak, 3; Kvichak River, 2.7; Naknek River, 5; Yes Bay, 2.5; Cook Inlet, 3.5; Kenai, 2.7; Kas- ilof, 3; Odiak, 4.5. Of the places mentioned, the largest fish appear to come to the Yes Bay cannery and the smallest to Naknek River. Too much credence, however, should not be given these figures. A very curious and interesting fact has been noticed regarding the color of the flesh of the king salmon. In some individuals the flesh is red, in others white. In Columbia River fish it is usually . that rich red or salmon color which is so highly prized, although even in that river a certain percent- age of the fish are white-meated. In Alaska apparently a somewhat larger percentage are white- meated. Of 3,232 cases put up at Pyramid Harbor, 977 were white; of 4,375 cases at Taku, 1,225 were white or pink. These figures indicate that about 42 per cent of Alaska king salmon are white-meated. This, of course, keeps the commercial value of the fish from being what it otherwise would be. As already stated, the king salmon of Southeast Alaska are taken chiefly by trolling. Considerable numbers, however, are taken in gillnets at Port Snettisham, Wrangell Narrows, Point Highfield, Pyramid Harbor, Taku, Kenai, Kasilof, and elsewhere. The gillnets used in this fishery are usually 9.5-inch mesh. In some places it is 8.5, 9, or 9.25. The nets vary from 50 to 250 fathoms long and from 20 to 30 meshes deep. The king salmon is the least abundant of the five species found in Alaska. Commercially it ranks as the least important. The catch of 1906 was 267,387 fish, and the pack 60,357 cases valued at about $223,286. The future development of the king salmon fishery in Alaska will be in the large streams to the north- ward, particularly in those tributary to Bering Sea. It is probable that methods of conducting the fishery will be developed which will, in spite of the short season and other unfavorable conditions, per- mit large catches to be made in such streams as the Yukon and Kuskokwim. 29 “ +8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES . Tus BEGINNING AND EnpING oF ComMmeErcrIAL Fisoinc ror Kine SatmMon at Various FisHIna Srarrons In ALASKA, 1904-1906. Nore.—The fact that the name of a river is given does not mean that fishing is carried on in the river itself; in many instances the fishing station is in the vicinity of the stream and its name has been employed in order more clearly to identify the stream. The dates given do not necessarily mean the beginning and ending of the run for each stream, as the fish may have been running for sometime before the cannery men were able to fish the stream and the pack may have been obtained and fishing stopped before the end of the run. 1904. | 1905. 1906. Waters. Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing began: ended began ended— | began— | ended— Bering Sea. Nushagak’ Bay G.3scy scjeccsececcs|- ceceecotelsccee sseee | Aug. 3 Sept. 5| July 31 | Sept. 15 Peter Johnson Stream (Dolomi), Prince | | | | of Wales Islands so. 2 .tics- seeceseer July 28} Sept. 1] July 16 | Sept. 15 | July 19} Sept. 8 | June 30 Sept. 14 Moira Sound— | | | | | North Arm, Prince of Wales Island.|..........|.......... [oe damnccceel ene see | Aug. 19 | Sept. 12 | July 13 | Sept. 8 Shalclair, Prince of Wales Island-. C 2 25 | Sept. 8 [esteeceeee Browns, Prince:of Walesiisland=-2.|ee0 25» St. | Seeeee eee tat oo es|aee neem ee A Fee | Es Es sh eee South Arm— | Keegan stream, Prince of Wales | | | } Esland? ciwoiict nsec a ckh sone | Seowa yest eee 258 Aug. 4) Sept. 2) Aug. 11 | Sept. 9 | July 11 | Sept. 6 Old Johnson Stream, Prince of | | Wales Island... .--. Wire ch Set nbs Se ade cE ie Qasosaee sala oeseaacen| beseae See eee ee ond ae aiaeeors Sept. 3 Nichols Passage— | | | Gravina Bay, Gravina Island......|..........|.....-.5 Py) Bostwick Inlet, Gravina Island ....|_. 3 Hemlock Island, off Annette Island... | 26 Taine Annetterlslandee sca. oe mee eee ee ees Cee | Aug. 4 Sept. 15 Tamgas Harbor, Annette Island. e Aug. 9 | | J Aug. 29 Nadyaeer; Annette Island loo 22 sen Sone | eeeee cane eee eo ea onee ee Pocock ce ere oe res ja Sept. 8 Revillagigedo Channel: George Inlet, Revillagigedo Island... -- J Sept. 6| July 7 Sept. 1 Hassler Harbor, Annette Island.......|.... eee Nancy Hainesi(?)- 2 ../.522.2562- . Sept. 19 Duke Island. .... Aug. 8 | Aug. 31 Kah Shakes Cove July 24 | Aug. 23 Foggy Bay.=-.-2.::- Se eae ae cee | aR eae 31. Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum) Red Salmon; Redfish; Sockeye; Blueback Salmon. (Pl. xxxmI—xXXvVI.) This species also is of wide distribution. On the American coast its range extends from southern Oregon to Bering Sea. The most southern stream from which it has been reported is the Sacramento, from which it was recorded by Dr. Jordan in 1880, but it is not known whether he actually examined aspecimen. In 1899 Mr. F. M. Chamberlain, of the Bureau of Fisheries, identified a single specimen which he obtained at Baird as belonging to this species. During the very extended study of the sal- mon of the Sacramento River by Mr. Rutter, no examples were seen by him. It is certain, therefore, that if this species of salmon occurs in the Sacramento River at all it is very rare. The fishermen on the coast of Humboldt County, Cal., obtain a salmon which they call blueback or sockeye. The statistical report shows that the catch in 1899 was 21,600 pounds, and that of 1904 was 272.840 pounds. Whether these fish are really the blueback, or red, salmon is questionable. Eel River, Humboldt County, is the stream on which this fishery is located, and it has never been known as a blueback salmon stream. It is not known to have any lakes in its headwaters to which this species could resort for spawning purposes. Whether the blueback salmon occurs in it or not, therefore, must be regarded as a subject for future investigation. The same may be said regarding the Klamath River. The Columbia is the most southern river in which this species is known to run inany numbers. For- merly, and up perhaps to about 1890, there was a considerable run in the Columbia, and important spawning beds existed in the headwaters of that river, particularly at Wallowa Lake in Oregon and the Payette lakes and the Sawtooth lakes in Idaho. A few bluebacks are seen at each of these lakes each season now, but they are only a pitiful remnant of the great schools that formerly came to them at spawn- ing time. North of the Columbia the next blueback salmon stream is the Quiniault on the coast of THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 253 Washington. At one time this was said to be an excellent blueback stream, able to supply to the In- dians of the Quiniault Reservation a large part of their food. It is said that there is still a small run here. There is also a small run in Ozette Lake, just south of Cape Flattery. Of the streams tributary to Puget Sound the only ones in which the sockeye, as this salmon is usually called in that region, is known to run are the Lake Washington system of lakes, the Skagit and, pos- sibly, the Snohomish, the Stillaguamish, and the Nooksak. The only one of these, however, in which there is any considerable run is the Skagit, which the fish ascend to reach Baker Lake for spawning purposes. Doubtless the greatest of all the sockeye streams is the Fraser River. Ever since the early days of the salmon canning industry on our western coast the Fraser has been famous for the enor- mous runs of sockeyes which ascend that great river to the lakes at its headwaters. Going northward from the Fraser we find several streams in British Columbia in which the sockeyes run in considerable numbers. The principal of these are the Skeena, Rivers Inlet, Naas, Lowe Inlet, Dean Channel, Namu Harbor, Bella Coola, Smith Inlet, Alert Bay, and Alberni Canal. It is by far the most abundant and most important salmon in British Columbia waters. In Alaska, where it is known as the redfish, red salmon, or sockeye, it is abundant and runs in great numbers in all suitable streams. In Southeast Alaska the following are the most important red salmon streams: Naha, Boca de Quadra, Yes Bay, Nowiskay, Keegan, Peter Johnson, Klawak, Hessa, Hetta, Hunter Bay, Chilkat, Taku, Chilkoot, Karta, Thorne Bay, Stikine, ete.; in Central Alaska, Alsek, Copper, Afognak, Karluk, Alitak, Chignik, Knik, and Sushitna; in the Bristol Bay region, the Ugashik, Naknek, Kvichak, Nushagak, and Wood. The red salmon is said to ascend the Yukon, at least to Caribou Crossing, but we have seen no specimens from that river and do not know whether there is any con- siderable run in it. Nor do we know whether the species occurs in the Kuskokwim, the Kobuk, or any stream north of the Nushagak. On the Asiatic side the red salmon is known to occur at Bering Island and in all suitable streams south to Japan. This species of salmon is peculiar in that it rarely or never ascends a stream that has not one or more lakes at its headwaters. Its spawning beds are invariably in small streams tributary to lakes or, rarely, in the lakes themselves. No red salmon is known to have spawned in any stream not con- nected with a lake. Some have been seen occasionally in the lower part of a stream which had no lake in its course, but it is believed such individuals soon discovered their mistake and promptly returned downstream in search of the proper water. The only instances of this kind which have come under the personal observation of the senior author are the following: In August, 1903, while at Sitka, he saw a red salmon speared by an Indian in Indian River near the bridge, which, however, is only a short distance above the mouth of the stream; it is understood there is no lake in this stream. The other case is that of Gold Fork, a tributary of Payette River, Idaho. While at Payette Lake in September, 1894, he learned, on what he believes to be entirely trustworthy evidence, that red salmon are sometimes seen in the mouth of that stream, but that they soon return and ascend the main fork of the Payette, which comes from Big Payette Lake, in whose inlet there were formerly important spawning beds. The origin and significance of this peculiar habit are not known. The problem is one worthy of investigation. The red salmon is the neatest and most symmetrical of the salmon. In the sea, or when fresh run, it is clear sky blue on the back and upper part of the sides, shading to clean silvery white below and on belly. Soon after entering the river for the purpose of spawning, the color of the head changes to a rich olive, the back and sides to crimson and finally to a dark blood red, richest in the males, and the belly a dirty white. Some of the scales become dark edged and the middle of the side shows the darkest red, but unevenly. At the same time the flesh becomes spongy, the scales embedded, the back somewhat humped, and the jaws hooked and otherwise distorted. The run of the red salmon in Alaska begins usually in June; in Bering Sea and Central Alaska early in June or even in May, while in Southeast Alaska it is one to three weeks later. The earliest recorded date we have is May 6, for Eyak and the Copper River region. In Bering Sea the run is usually over by the end of July, in Central Alaska and Prince William Sound by the end of August, and in Southeast Alaska by the 10th of September or earlier. The period of the run of red salmon in different parts of Alaska, so far as the records show it, is given in the table on page 254. 954 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Tur BreGINNING AND Enprnc or ComMMERCIAL FisHina ror RED SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING Srattons iN ALaAskA, 1900 anp 1904-1906. Notr.—The fact that the name of a river is given does not necessarily mean that fishing is carried on in the river itself; in many instances the fishing station is in the vicinity of the stream and its name has been used in order to locate the station more clearly. The dates given do not necessarily mean the beginning and ending of the run for each stream, as the fish may have been running for some time before the cannerymen were able to fish the stream and the pack may have been secured and fishing stopped before the end of the run. 1900. 1904. 1905. 1906. Waters. Fishing Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing Fishing began ended began. ended began: ended began— | ended— Bering Sea. Nushagak Bay? oc .c-ee eee eeeeec ee eee June 20 June 8| Aug. 4] June 5] July 28| June 5/| Aug. 4 Igushik River. - See June 28 | July 28 | June 21] July 14] June 16 | July 20 Wood'Rivertsc222. = ot Ghatas tee eee cceseece July 91 |) Jolye3)| setae ee eee ee June 22 | July 27 Kvichak River. ... .| June Aug. 1} June 21} Aug. 5 | June 13) Aug. 2] June 20| Aug. 7 Naknek River... June July 28) June 22} Aug. 2] June 14] July 30] June 21 | July 31 Ugaguk River... July -1]} July 25 | June 25 | July 25 | June 23 | July 25 | June 15 | July 25 *Ugashik River. ... June 21 | July 29 | June 26 | Aug. 1] June 13-| July 28] June 18] July 31 Nelsonsis 00m it sayrete con cas cee seme fe a garence ae Central Alaska, Chignik Lagoon and River............-- Kodiak Island: WaT 224 sige s-cenese oe Pen-ecnictes aces Red River. . ma Little River Alitak Bay. Koshuak. ..... Uganik River. Waterfalls. ... South Enc... = Cookiinieti(Kastlof) 2. sa} e | 3 ee es | oo BS 5 a Bes é ao) ae ity a e. Slaogd| > IPSE| 3 3¢ Locality and dat #3 E we El a ogFl 6 of Oo Floge! 5 Ae Z | > > a ies 73) 1 14 | 42 | Union Bay, Vancouver | gig 5 17 | Island (June 23)....--- 5 3 8 | 13 5| 18 15 1 16 | 10 6 16 5. 2¢ il 6 17 f sauee pe eee | ul 4| 15 || Sie May |) as } | Union Bay, V || =| "6:0 16 3 19 } Islan .0 14 5| 19 0 11 2 13 Mpa 55a |e 15 PN |i eceles | 6.0 14 3 7 20! 4 20 1 11 ae 5S5 12 3:5 PRG. |p al} 4] 14]) -| 4.75} 10 21) a2 5.0 10 5| 15 | | 5.0 11 1 12 6.0 | 10 Ee ie) 5.0 10 2 12 5. 25 2| 27 5.0 7 3 10 15 5| 20 5.5 12 3 15 14 2] 16 |} | 5.0 15 5.0 12 3) 15] 5.5 20 6.0 12 4 16 6.0 27 5.0 8 2| 10 5.5 17 5.0 16; 2] 18 6.0 21 6.0 | 13 Ole Si 5.0 14 Chet asin 4 15 | 5.75 15 SiO Sie 3) 14 5.75 18 5.0) li (0) || ai | 5.5 15 5.0 16 1 V7 || 5.25 17 6.5 19 By | ex 6.0 21 5.5 | 9 6| 15] | 5.0 ll 5.0 13 1 14 al e535 20 5.0 9 5| 14h .| ll 5D, 12: 22h) 414) .| 36 5} 2) 17} | oe 20 5 12 2} 14] | 58 363 5.0 | 9 4] 13 || le eo: 20 5.0 9 3} 121) lo 18 5.0 | 9 3} 12 ]} 5.5 20 5.0 7 5 | 12 5.5 21 5.0 | 12 1] 13 5.0 13 4,75 | 9 Oe ott 5.25 16 555) | 93 1) 14 5.0 12 6.0 | 23 1| 24 5.0 11 5.5 | 38 9/ 12 50 24 BS yi) 20 2 22 | 5.0 20 Hb) | 12 1 13 S75 /\\ Somes | ae 36 | Color of female in life, silvery; back olive-greenish or brassy; side with 2 broad vertical brassy bars, between which and in front and back of which the scales are whitish, and with a large black blotch of small specks; top of head olive; belly white; dorsal and caudal olive, other fins white. “Surf-fish”’ isa very appropriate name for this little species. During the spawning season it swarms in great numbers in the surf or in shallow water along sandy shores. Every haul of the seine at Kilisut Harbor and about Nanaimo and Fort Rupert resulted in the capture of great numbers. The spawning season on the coast from Puget Sound to Fort Rupert is evidently during the last days of June and the first days of July, and the fish seem to come into shallow water along the shore to liberate their young. There is evidence indicating that the more quiet, shallow reaches of shore are then selected as affording the least danger to the delicate young fish. The fact that numerous females captured at Karta Bay July 11 were all spent fish indicates that the spawning period is a brief one. The number of females seems to be in excess of the males. Of 90 fish examined at Fort Rupert, 66 were females, and about the same proportion held elsewhere. The preponderance of females may, however, be more apparent than real. The males are considerably smaller than the females, and it may well be that some were overlooked in the mass of material resulting from each seine haul. The white surf-fish will take the hook, but is too small to be of much interest as a game fish. It is said to be a very fair pan fish. 67. Teeniotoca lateralis (Agassiz). Blue Perch; Striped Surf-fish. The only example seen was seined at Kilisut Harbor, July 1. Color in life, reddish brassy, greenish on head and back; side and back with many narrow, pale bluish lines, half width of brassy interspaces; underparts paler brassy; fins dusky brassy. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 279 68. Damalichthys argyrosomus ((tirard). White Viviparous Perch; Porgee. This species was found at Diamond Point, Kilisut Harbor, and Marrowstone Point, June 27 and July 1; Taylor Bay, Gabriola Island, June 20; and Union Bay, Vancouver Island, June 23. It was not abundant anywhere, but was most common at Union Bay. A female examined at Gabriola Island was 14 inches long and contained 23 young, each about 1.9 inches long. Four other examples measured were 2.75, 5.25, 4.75, and 6.5 inches long, respectively. A specimen 2.62 inches long has the pectorals dark, almost black; anal anteriorly dusky; caudal dusky at base, and a conspicuous black spot about the middle of the dorsal. DY Wy We veese hae Negyn A fh} Y) ay SOBA Ate at 44 Fic. 28.—Damalichthys argyrosomus (Girard). Family 30. SCORPANIDA. The Scorpion-fishes. 69. Sebastolobus alascanus (Bean). The collection contains 11 specimens of this species, the localities represented being stations 4238 to 4241 (Behm Canal) and 4302 (Sumner Strait, off Shakan). The depths range from 169 to 256 fathoms. The specimens range in length from 3.4 to 23 inches. Dorsal xvi in 8 specimens, xvu in 3. In two small examples (3.4 and 5 inches total length) the black spots on the spinous dorsal are quite distinct and the pectorals are marbled with black and white. The ventrals also are dusky, and the soft dorsal of the smaller specimen is dusky, and has 3 or 4 small roundish white spots. Two adults (nos. 2878 and 2879) taken at station 4238, in Behm Canal, were, in life, bright rose-red all over, paler below, especially on lower parts of head; fins all red; caudal with some black on outer parts of membranes; pectoral also with some black on interradial membranes; inside of opercle rose-color. Originally described by Bean (1891) from Albatross station 2853, off Trinity Islands. Recorded also by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3227, 3324, 3330 to 3332, and 3337 to 3340, in Bering Sea, north of Unalaska Island, or in the north Pacific, southeast of Unimak Island. This species reaches a length of 2 feet or more. Its range extends from California to Bering Sea. It is usually found in rather deep water, 100 to 800 fathoms. Its flesh is palatable and the species should be of some value as a food fish. 280 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 70. Sebastolobus altivelis Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3338, south of the Alaskan Peninsula. No other specimens have been taken in Alaskan waters, but it has been found to be almost equally abundant with S. alascanus off the coast of California as far south at least as San Diego, in relatively deep water. It reaches a foot in length. Fic. 29.—Sebastolobus altivelis Gilbert. 71. Sebastodes paucispinis (Ayres). Boccacio. This species occurs from San Diego to Barclay Sound, British Columbia, in rather deep water. We have one specimen 8 inches long, from Barclay Sound, collected by the Albatross September 27, 1888. The species reaches a length of 2.5 feet and a weight of several pounds. a per aA st ANE FIG. 30.—Sebastodes melanops (Girard). 72. Sebastodes melanops (Girard). Sitka ‘‘Black Bass.”’ This species was obtained at Nanaimo, in the surface tow-net, at Sitka, Naha Bay, and Port McArthur with hook and line, and by Mr. Rutter at Karluk. Four specimens were seined at Metlakahtla, and several were seen at Shakan. They range in length from 6.5 to 15.25 inches. We have examined also an example 8.5 inches long collected by the Albatross at Barclay Sound, British Columbia, September 23, 1888, and also 2 specimens 7.5 and 8.5 inches long collected in 1893 at St. Paul, Kodiak, and 7 others 6 to 13.5 inches long collected in 1897 at Redfish Bay and Hunter Bay. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 281 The range of this species is from Monterey Bay to Kodiak Island, it being most abundant northward. It reaches a length of 18 to 20 inches. Bean (1882) has recorded it from Sitka and St. Paul, Kodiak. These fish take the hook freely and afford some sport as game fish. At Sitka July 28 they were biting well and many were caught from the wharf. Pieces of meat were used for bait and the fish were found in water 6 to 18 feet deep. They usually take the hook rather quietly and at first make a pretty good fight, but soon give up and allow themselves to be lifted out of the water without much struggle. They are therefore a ‘‘ boy’s fish,’’? which will not appeal strongly to the experienced angler, but they are good food fish and bear a certain resemblance to the black bass ( Micropterus). Color in life, olive- brown, blotched with dirty red. 73. Sebastodes ciliatus (Tilesius). Two specimens, 3.75 and 7.25 inches long, from station 4285 in Chignik Bay. These have 14 dorsal spines each. In all other respects they agree perfectly with a large specimen (no. 2865), 13 inches long, taken with hook and line at Loring, July 7. We have also 3 specimens 12 to 13.5 inches long collected Fig. 31.—Sebastodes ciliatus (Tilesius). by the Albatross in 1897 at Redfish Bay and Killisnoo. The species isnow known from Kodiak Island, Aleutian Islands, Chignik Bay, Loring, Mary Island, Tolstoi Bay, Nakat Harbor, and Port Chester. As our 13-inch specimen is more than twice the size of those upon which current descriptions were based, we give the following notes on it: Head 3.2 in length; depth 2.8; oblique rows of scales 60, plus a few small scales on base of caudal fin; pores 50; eye 4 in head, equaling snout; interorbital width about _ equaling eye; fifth dorsal spine 2.75 in head. Our examples have been compared with the 3 small specimens from Kodiak in the National Museum and one 7.5 inches long collected by the Albatross at Kodiak Island, August 14, 1888, with which they agree. _ Epinephelus ciliatus Tilesius, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb., Iv, 1810, 474, ‘‘Camtschaticus et Americanus’’: no defin- ite locality given, probably from about Kodiak Island. Perca variabilis Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., m1, 241, 1811, AleutianIslands. (Typein museum of Berlin: red exam- ples of S. aleutianus included as the summer coloration.) 282 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 74. Sebastodes mystinus Jordan & Gilbert. Black Rockfish. One specimen (no. 1670) 14 inches long, collected by the Albatross at Attu Island in 1893, and 2 others (no. 2165 and 2166), each 15 inches long, collected by the same vessel at Killisnoo. The species ranges from the Aleutian Islands to San Diego, and about San Francisco is the most abundant of the family. It oceurs in shallow water and reaches a length of about 14 inches. pes XA can Hh %y ins Fic. 32.—Sebastodes mystinus Jordan & Gilbert. 75. Sebastodes brevispinis (Bean). One fine specimen 144 inches long (no. 2864), taken on hook at Loring by Mr. F. M. Chamberlain in July. Dorsal x1, 14; anal mm, 7; 61 pores in lateral line; only the nasal, preocular, and parietal spines present; mandible apparently naked; gillrakers 10 + 25, the longest 1.75 in eye. The collection contains also 4 other specimens which we refer to this species, seined at Metlakahtla, July 10. They are each about 4 inches in length and agree in all essentials with the large specimen. Sebastodes brevispinis (Bean). Fi. 33. Each of them, however, shows a very distinct black spot on the membranes of the ninth to thirteenth dorsal spines; colors otherwise agreeing with the large examples. Originally described by Bez.n (1884) as Sebastichthys proriger brevispinis from Hassler Harbor. This is a rare species, as yet known only from the type and the 5 specimens here recorded. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 2838 76. Sebastodes alutus Gilbert. The collection contains 20 specimens of this species, representing the following localities:. Dredging stations 3486, 3489, 3490, 3449, 3459, 4223, 4227, 4228 (4 specimens), 4249, (tag no. 2898), 4253 (tag no. 2905), 4283, 4284 (3 specimens), 4285, 4289 (5 small specimens and one large example no. 3000), 4290 (tag no. 2995), and 4292. These specimens range in length from 4.4 to 15 inches. We have also exam- ined 8 small specimens 3 to 5 inches long dredged among the Santa Barbara Islands at station 2840, and 2 specimens (paper tag no. 110 and 111), each about 4.5 inches long, from Albatross station 3599, June 9, 1894, in Bering Sea. These specimens had a number of parasites upon them. All these specimens agree in the main with the excellent original description of the species. Speci- men no. 2898, 9.25 inches long, from Eastern Passage (vicinity of Stikine River Delta), shows some differences, the body being more slender, the eye larger, snout longer, maxillary longer, and the mandible more projecting. It gives the following measurements: Head 2.75; depth 3.5; eye 3.1; snout 4.4; maxillary 2.1; dorsal xm, 15; anal m1, 8; gillrakers 10 + 28. The young differ somewhat from the adult. The following detailed description is based on a speci- men (no. 97) 4.5 inches long from station 4285: Head 2.8 in body; depth 3.5; eye 3.1 in head; maxillary 2.2; mandible 1.8; snout 4; interorbital 4.8; dorsal xm, 15; anal m1, 8; ventrals1, 5; pectorals 18; pores 47+1 on tail, about 51 transverse series of scales. Fic. 34.—Sebastodes alutus Gilbert. Body ovate, compressed, both dorsal and ventral outlines gently curved; head moderate; mouth medium, slightly oblique, the tip of premaxillary on a level with pupil, the gape extending to under nostril; maxillary extending toa little beyond vertical at middle of orbit; mandible to posterior margin of pupil; teeth minute, in narrow bands on palatines, a triangular patch on vomer, bands on upper jaw terminating anteriorly in rounded lobes, leaving a vacant space at symphysis, the teeth each side of vacant space slightly enlarged; band on lower jaw narrow, the symphyseal patch somewhat raised and its teeth somewhat enlarged, this patch fitting into the vacant space above; lower jaw slightly projecting, entering profile, a small symphyseal knob; tongue rather large, fleshy, acute; buccal cavity rather pale; interorbital space tolerably broad, 1.5 in eye, and very slightly concave; cranial ridges rather sharp and tolerably well defined, the following spines present: nasal, preorbital, supraorbital, postorbital, tympanic and parietal, all these small, but stout and sharp; a stout humeral spine; opercular spines two, triangular, united at base; preopercular spines five, rather stout. Scales on jaws, cheeks, and occiput, a barren patch above suborbital stay; scales on body very weakly ctenoid, as are those on occiput; scales on jaws, cheeks, and breast cycloid. Dorsal fin rather low, its longest (fifth) spine 2.45 in head, longest ray about 3 in head (probably broken); base of fin about 1.8 in body, its origin above tip of opercular flap; distance from tip of snout to origin about 2.9 in body; fin membranes some- what incised, leaving about one-third of the spines exserted; border of fin not deeply emarginate; anal not high, length of longest ray 2.1 in head, the base the same length; second anal spine longest, not conspicuously stouter than others, its tip reaching slightly beyond tip of third spine but not to tip of 284 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. nearest rays; ventrals rather narrow, acute, length 1.6 in head, tips not reaching vent by quite a percep- tible distance; pectorals rather broad, acute, 1.25 in head, tips reaching nearly to vent, lower 9 rays very slightly thickened, not branched, upper rays branched; caudal 1.55 in head, apparently truncate; gill cavity somewhat dusky; gillrakers 11 + 25, rather long and slender, 1.9 in eye; peritoneum black. ~ Color in alcohol, light yellowish-brown above, somewhat silvery below; occiput, line along base of dorsal, and spot on opercle dusky; dorsal more or less dusky, the edge of the membrane blackish. 77. Sebastodes pinniger (Gill). Orange Rockfish. One specimen 5 inches long from station 4220 in Admiralty Inlet, July 1. It is a female with well advanced eggs. Head 3.25 in body; depth 3; eye 3.5 in head; maxillary 2.1; dorsal xm, 14; anal mr, 7; scales 45. A specimen 4.5 inches long from station 4193. Dorsal xi, 14; head 3; eye 3; gillrakers 12 + 26, long and slender. Another example 3.5 inches long from station 4205. This species reaches a length of 2 feet or more and ranges from San Diego to Puget Sound. Fig. 35.—Sebastodes pinniger (Gill). 78. Sebastodes aleutianus Jordan & Evermann. (Pl. xvr.) This species is certainly known only from the typé locality, Shelikof Strait, off Kodiak Island. 79. Sebastodes saxicola (Gilbert). Two specimens 2.5 and 2.75 inches long seined at Metlakahtla, and 3 others, 2.5, 4.25, and 6 inches, dredged at station 4228 (Naha Bay). Head 3; eyes 2.75; snout 4; interorbital 4; pores 43; scales about 50; dorsal xm, 14; anal mt, 7; gillrakers 114-23, long and slender, 2 in eye. An example 9 inches long from station 3129, off the coast of central California, March 13, 1890, has the head 2.75; snout 4.25; depth 3.2; gillrakers 10+23, 2.1 in eye; eye 3.2. Longest dorsal spine 2.5 in head. Another example (paper tag no. 102), from Barclay Sound, had the gillrakers 9+22, long and slender, 2.2 in eye. , We have compared our specimens with others in the National Museum and find them identical. This fish ranges from southern California to southeast Alaska in waters of moderate depth. It reaches a foot in length. Bull. U.S. B. F. 1906. PLATE XVI. SEBASTODES ALEUTiIANUS JORDAN & EVERMANN. TYPE. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 285 80. Sebastodes swifti Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Head 2.65 in body; depth 3.1; eye 3.2in head; snout 4.2; maxillary 2; mandible 1.8; interorbital about 2 in eye, 6 in head; dorsal xm, 13; anal m1, 7; scales 42 in oblique series, about 32 pores. Body oblong-ovate, compressed, the dorsal and ventral contours gently curved, the dorsal sloping rather gently both ways from the nape; caudal peduncle rather slender, its least depth 1.15 in eye; head large, bluntish; interorbital space rather narrow, somewhat concave, a pronounced ridge inside of each supraocular ridge; nasal, preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, parietal, nuchal, and coronal spines all present, rather strong; preorbital narrow, with two broad flat lobes on the upper half; two broad flat humeral spines; opercular spines strong, somewhat diverging; preopercular spines moderately strong, the second longest, the first, second, and third projecting backward, but somewhat diverging, the fourth and fifth short and blunt, projecting downward and backward, all about equally spaced; teeth in rather narrow villiform bands on both jaws and palatines, a triangular patch on vomer; the band of teeth on upper jaw broadening to rounded lobes anteriorly, leaving a small, naked interspace at the symphysis into which the symphyseal knob of the lower jaw fits; the tongue small, short, and broadly rounded; maxillary reaching vertical at posterior edge of pupil, its width at the tip 2 in eye; lower jaw scarcely projecting; the mouth somewhat oblique; premaxillary on a level with lower edge of pupil; gillrakers 8+21, rather long and slender, the longest about 2 in eye. Dorsal long, its origin ee Sse Fic. 36.—Sebastodes swifti Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type. a little in front of the rounded opercular flap, the distance from tip of snout to origin of dorsal equaling the length of head; base of dorsal about 1.8 in length of body; dorsal spines moderately strong, curved, the longest about equaling distance from tip of snout to middle of pupil; dorsal rays somewhat shorter; notch between spinous and soft dorsal not pronounced; second anal spine strong, curved, about equal- ing the third in length; ventrals short, not reaching vent; pectorals long, reaching vertical at vent; scales rather adherent, finely ctenoid; top of head, opercles, cheek, and maxillary scaled; mandible naked. Color in alcohol, pinkish-brown, with indistinct, dusky, black patch above lateral line; cheek somewhat dusky, a black patch on upper edge of opercle and a smaller one at lower end; axil black; dorsal, anal, caudal, and ventrals tipped with black; inside of mouth pale; under side of opercle posterior to pseudobranchie with a black patch. This species appears to be related to Sebastodes crameri, from which it differs in the narrower and more concave interorbital, the stronger ridges on the head, the stronger cranial spines, the presence of coronal spines, the smaller eye, the longer maxillary, the less strongly arched body, and the fewer pores in the lateral line. 286 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Our collection contains two specimens—the type, no. 57821, U. 8. National Museum (field no. 2872), 6.25 inches long, from Albatross station 4234 in Yes Bay, Alaska; and the cotype, no. 2893 (no. 5228, Bureau of Fisheries), 3.5 inches long, from Albatross station 4246, Kasaan Bay, Alaska. This species is named in honor of the late Lieut. Franklin Swift, U. 8. Navy, the efficient com- mander of the Albatross during the Alaska investigations in 1903. 81. Sebastodes diploproa (Gilbert). The collection contains 2 small specimens (no. 2784 and 2785), 3.25 and 3.5 inches long, dredged at station 4191, in Nanaimo Harbor, June 19. We have also examined a specimen (no. 101) 6.75 inches long, collected by the Albatross in 1890, probably off the California coast. No. 2784 in life was light red, brownish on back, coppery on head; belly below lateral line abruptly silvery, scarcely washed with red; back with 5 obscure dull orange saddles, very diffuse, extending below lateral line, the one below soft dorsal broadest; head all red, the opercle with many dark dots; dorsal red, slightly orange shaded, pinkish at tips, the soft dorsal with a black cross-blotch about half- way up from behind third to sixth soft ray; black on membranes, not on rays; caudal faint orange, base reddish, tips pale; anal like soft dorsal, the black blotch fainter, larger, from behind second spine to third soft ray; pectoral and ventral pinkish-red; inside of mouth red; gill-cavity white; peritoneum black. Head 2.75 in length; depth 3.1; eye 3.3 in head; snout 5.1; maxillary 2.25; mandible 1.9; inter- orbital 1.5 in eye, 4.5 in head; dorsal x11, 12; anal m1, 8; pores in lateral line 34 to 41. Nasal, pre- ocular, postocular, tympanic, and parietal spines present, all well developed; preorbital with 2 blunt diverging spines; 2 small humeral spines; gillrakers 11+-23, long and slender, 2 in eye. No. 2785 has more black on second dorsal, less on anal; membranes of spinous dorsal dusky edged; a little dusky on upper edge of opercle; general color light brick red, the belly abruptly silvery. These specimens have been compared with the types in the National Museum, with which they are found to agree. The species reaches a length of a foot or less, and occurs on our Pacific coast from the Coronado Islands northward to Nanaimo. 82. Sebastodes introniger (Gilbert). One small specimen 2.75 inches long, dredged at station 4243, in Kasaan Bay, agrees in most respects with the original description of this species. Head 2.75; eye, 2.75; dorsal xm, 14; anal m1, 6; scales about 45, 31 pores; gillrakers 8+20, rather long and slender, 2 in eye. Four specimens, 3.85 to 4.75 inches long from station 4223, in Boca de Quadra, These do not show the black gill-cavity and mouth which introniger is said to have. We have one other specimen, no. 1088, 20 inches long, dredged at station 3324, Bering Sea, August, 1890. The species has also been recorded from Bering Sea at stations 3311, 3317, 3324, and 3331 (Gilbert 1895). The known range of this fish is from Santa Barbara to Bering Sea, in waters of moderate depth. 83. Sebastodes ruberrimus Cramer. Red Rock Cod; Red Rockfish. (Pl. xttt.) The collection contains 1 large specimen (no. 2868) 12 inches long from Boea de Quadra, where it was caught on hook and line, July 5, at a considerable depth. When brought to the surface its stomach had been thrown out into its mouth. This specimen agrees with current descriptions. (The colored painting was made from life, from an example about 2 feet long, taken at Loring, where the species is not uncommon.) Gillrakers 9-+18, short, rough, clavate, 3 in eye, first 5 on short arm and last 7 on long arm mere tubercles. Head 2.6; depth 2.6; eye 4.5; dorsal xu, 15; anal m1, 7; scales 50, pores 44; maxillary 2.1; mandible 1.66. We have also 3 specimens 18, 19, and 14 inches long, collected respectively at Hunter Bay, Mary Island, and Mink Arm, and a specimen 19 inches long collected in Union Bay. The species has been recorded by Bean (1882), as Sebastichthys ruber, from off Point Bingham; Jacobi Island; Gulf of Alaska; and Kygani Strait. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 287 The red rockfish is one of the largest of the family. It attains a length of more than 2 feet and a weight of many pounds. As a food fish it is of considerable importance, the flesh being fairly firm and of good flavor, and it takes the baited hook freely and possesses some game qualities. It is known to occur from San Diego to Boca de Quadra and Loring in southeast Alaska in moderate depths. 84. Sebastodes rosaceus (Girard). Orange-red Rockfish. Two specimens (no. 2822 and 2823), 5.2 and 9 inches long, seined near Marrowstone Point, June 29, and 1 example (paper tag no. 105), 9.5 inches long, collected by the Albatross at station 2887, off the coast of Oregon, October 19, 1888. The membranes of the dorsal and anal fins are deeply incised, being very different from all other species with which we are acquainted. In the soft dorsal and anal the interradial membranes do not reach more than two-fifths of the length of the rays. We have compared our specimens with 9 others from Santa Barbara and find that some of the latter show the same structure, though the majority show little or no incision of these membranes. This species reaches a length of a foot or more and is a good pan fish. Its range extends from San Diego to Puget Sound. 85. Sebastodes rupestris (Gilbert). The collection contains 3 specimens 4.75 to 6 inches long (nos. 2906-8) from station 4253, in Stephens Passage, and one 6 inches long from station 4231 in Behm Canal. The last specimen has 14 spines in the dorsal, but in all other respects it agrees with the other specimens. Maxillary in all three specimens reaches to posterior margin of pupil; gillrakers 9 +16 (+4 tubercles), more numerous than usually given in descriptions. Comparison of our specimens with the types shows no imporant differences. The black on the fins in the types has faded, while in ours it is still very distinct. Ours also have a large dark opercular spot not mentioned in the description of the types. We have also compared our specimens with the types of Sebastichthys aurora and find them to agree fully. We are unable to discover any characters by means of which they can be distinguished, and are therefore compelled to unite these two nominal species. S. rupestris as here understood ranges from the Santa Barbara Islands northward to Southeast Alaska (Stephens Passage and Behm Canal). Sebastichthys rupestris Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., x1, 1890 (July 1), 76, Albatross station 2946, in 150 fathoms off southern California. Sebastichthys aurora Gilbert, Proce. U. S. Nat Mus., x11, 1890 (July 1), 80, Albatross stations 2948 and 2960, in 266 and 267 fathoms, off southern California. 86. Sebastodes dalli (Kigenmann & Beeson). A single specimen (no. 2820), 8 inches long, taken on hook at Union Bay, June 23. It appears to “agree with S. dalli, except that the maxillary is closely scaled on the posterior half. Gillrakers 7+18, longest 2 in eye, the first 5 on the short limb blunt and rough-tubercular. the last 8 on the long arm similar. Scales 61 or 62, about 45 in oblique series along lower portion of side; head 3; depth 3; eye 4.5; snout 4.5; interorbital a little less than eye. Dorsal 13; anal 6; dorsal spines 1.75 in head; nasal, postocular, preocular, tympanic, and parietal spines present; coronal spine on right side and nuchal spine on right side present; a small humeral spine present; preorbital with one broad spine. Mandible naked; maxillary closely scaled on posterior half. The only specimens previously known are the type (from San Francisco) and another from Vancouver Island. 87. Sebastodes caurinus ( Richardson). We have 15 specimens 2 to 5.5 inches long collected by Osgood and Heller at Queen Charlotte Island, July, 1900; one specimen (no. 1820), 10.5 inches long, collected in 1895 in Klemtoo Harbor; one 11.5 inches long obtained by the Albatross at Sitka in 1896; one 9.5 inches long by Luttrell at Sitka; one 20 inches long collected at station 3449, off Washington; 19 specimens collected near Seattle in 1903 by 288 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Mr. J. E. Todd, and 2 by Mr. Chamberlain at Dolomi in 1908. Thespecies has also heen recorded by Bean (1882) from Old Sitka and Chacon and (1884) from Mary Island. It was described originally from Sitka. Interorbital flat; gillrakers 9+ 19, the longest 2 in orbit, the last six on lower limb mere tubercles, the first four on vertical limb short, rough, and somewhat clavate. Sebastodes caurinus, Osgood, North American Fauna No, 21, September 26, 1901, p. 20 (Queen Charlotte Islands). Fie. 37.—Sebastodes caurinus (Richardson). 88. Sebastodes maliger (Jordan & Gilbert). Vellow-backed Rockfish. Two specimens (nos. 108 and 109), 6.5 and 7.5 inches long, seined at Union Bay, June 22, and 2 caught on hook at same place June 23; also 2 (nos. 2954 and 2955), 8.5 and 9.5 inches long, taken on Fig. 38.—Sebastodes maliger (Jordan & Gilbert). hook at Sitka, July 28; 5 specimens, 12.5 to 14 inches long, were taken by the Albatross at Mary Island; and a single specimen 13 inches long at Klemtoo Harbor in 1895. Two other specimens. one taken by Luttrell at Sitka and one by H. C. Fassett at Klawak. These all agree well with specimens in the National Museum. No, 2954 may be described as follows: ; THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 289 Head 2.9; depth 2.9; eye 4; snout 4.1; maxillary 2; mandible 1.9; interorbital 5.25; dorsal x1, 12; anal m, 6; gillrakers 8+ 19, rather stout, longest 2.75 in eye; scales 57, pores 48; longest dorsal spine 1.8 in head: longest dorsal rays 2.1 in head. In other specimens the gillrakers were 10+ 21 or 10-— 19: Body short, stout, and deep; mouth slightly oblique, lower jaw not projecting, maxillary nearly reaching posterior border of orbit; mandible and maxillary not scaled; nasal, preocular, postocular, tym- panic and parietal spines present; nuchal, coronal, and supraocular spines absent; preorbital with 2 broad, low points, not spine-like. This species is known to range from Monterey to Sitka in rather deep water, being abundant north- ward. It reaches a length of about 2 feet. It was also recorded from Sitka by Bean (1882) as Sebastichthys maliger. 89. Sebastodes nebulosus (Ayres). A small specimen (no. 112), 2.5 inches long. from station 4204, off Fort Rupert. We have also 2 others, 11 and 12 inches long, taken by Mr. H. C. Fassett at Klawak in 1905. Bean (1884) records it from Mary Island. The following measurements are taken from the small example from station 4204: Head 2.75; depth 3.6; eye 2.9; dorsal xur, 13; anal m1, 6; scales 45 to 47, about 42 pores; gill- rakers long and slender; nasal, preocular, postocular, tympanic, and parietal spines present. The color, however, does not exactly agree with that given for this species. Our specimen in alcohol is clayey white, mottled with large, irregular brown blotches, about 4 along side above lateral line, 2 or 3 immediately below it, and 3 along lower part of side; spinous and soit dorsals similarly mottled. 90. Sebastodes nigrocinctus (Ayres). Black-banded Rockfish. Two specimens, 13 and 14 inches long, taken by Mr. H. C. Fassett at Klawak in 1905, and one specimen (no. 2863), 12 inches long, taken by Mr. Chamberlain on hook and line at Naha Bay, Loring, July 7, 1903, where he states that the species is common. This specimen gives the following meas- urements: Fic. 39.—Sebastodes nigrocinctus (Ayres). Head 2.65; depth 2.67; eye 4; dorsal xm, 14; anal m1, 7; scales 52; pores 44; snout 4.5; gillrakers 9+ 21, stiff, rough, clavate, the longest 3.5 in eye, the terminal ones of each arm reduced to tubercles. It differs from typical examples in the following respects: There is a small supraocular spine on the left side; the mandible is pretty well covered with very minute, thin cycloid scales; the nuchal spines coalesce with the parietal. Color in life: Body blood red; cheek with a black stripe downward from front of eye to lower edge of cheek; another from eye backward and downward to branchiostegals; a large black blotch on upper B. B. F.1906—19 290 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. part of opercle; a broad black bar from front of dorsal downward to opercle, connecting with black opercular blotch; another and much broader from fifth to seventh dorsal spine nearly vertically down- ward to belly; another from ninth to twelfth dorsal spine to vent; two others from soft dorsal to soft anal, these fusing below; fins all red, the dorsal and anal encroached upon by the black sidebars; a short black area behind eye; base of pectoral blotched with blackish. This species reaches a length of 2 feet or more and is known to range from Monterey Bay to Naha Bay. Recorded (1884) by Bean from Mary Island. Family 31. ANOPLOPOMATIDA. 91. Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas). Black Cod. The black cod, coalfish, beshow, or skil, as it is variously called, occurs on our Pacific Coast from Monterey Bay to the Aleutian Islands. It was taken by the Albatross at station 2869, in 1888, at Cordova Bay in 1897, and at Loring, Pyramid Harbor, and Taku Harbor in 1900. One specimen from each place is in the collection. Bean, in 1882, records it from Sitka and Wrangell and in 1884 from Hassler Harbor. We also have one specimen (no. 02825), 14 inches long, taken with hook and line over the rail off Fort Rupert (1903). This species is known at Loring and Taku as black cod; at San Francisco it is called candle-fish, and on Puget Sound, horse mackerel; it is sometimes sold in the markets as Spanish mackerel; in the Straits of Fuca it is known as beshow by the Neah Bay Indians. It is found usually in rather deep water and is perhaps most abundant in the Puget Sound region. It is seen oftener in the Seattle markets than in those of any other place. It attains a length of 18 to 20 inches and a weight of 5 pounds. As a food fish it occupies only a moderate rank, the flesh being rather dry and tasteless. On Puget Sound, however, where it reaches a larger size and is fatter than elsewhere, it is more highly esteemed, particularly by the Indians. It is said to feed on crustaceans, worms, and small fishes. As a game fish it is not without interest, taking the hook readily and making a fair fight. It can be taken with cut bait at depths from 2 to 15 fathoms. Family 32. HEXAGRAMMIDA. The Greenlings. 92. Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas). Atka Mackerel; Atka-fish. This interesting fish occurs in the North Pacific, chiefly among the Aleutian Islands. It was described originally by Pallas in 1810 from specimens obtained at Unalaska. Its center of abundance Fic. 40.—Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas). seems to be in the passages about the islands of Atka and Attu. It is known also from about the Pribilof Islands and eastward through the Aleutian Chain to Belkofski and the Shumagins. Stejneger found it at Saranskaya, Bering Island. Bean (1882) has recorded it from Unalaska, Chernofski, and Attu; Turner (1886) found it at Unalaska, Amlia Pass, Captains Harbor, Atka, and Attu; Gilbert (1895) lists it from Unalaska; and Evermann found it in abundance during the last week of May (1892) at Atka and Attu. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 291 The best account of the habits of this fish is that given by Turner. It is so interesting and instructive that its republication, with some slight modification, is justified. Turner says: ¢ When I arrived at Unalaska in 1878 I heard much talk about the “‘mackerel.’’ During the summer of that year I had an opportunity of conversing with those who frequented the western islands of the Chain, where these fish were said to abound. Several persons referred to these fish as ‘‘Spanish mackerel,’’ others called them “‘horse mackerel” and ‘‘Alaskan mackerel,’’ and under several scientific names. They were served at the table on several occasions, and all who ate of them highly praised their good qualities and spoké of their great resemblance in taste to the Atlantic mackerel. It was not until in May, 1879, that I had an opportunity of visiting the locality where they were said to be abundant. During the summer of 1879 I was at Atka Island, and soon made inquiry concerning the fish. I was told that they make their appearance in the narrow pass between the islands of Atka and Amlia about the Ist of June, and that the fish invariably come from the Pacific Ocean, which here mingles its waters with that of Bering Sea. ; The first arrivals of fish are the males of largest size and beauty of color. They arrive a few days before and await the arrival of the females and immature males. By the 18th of June the fish have come in countless thousands. They arrange themselves with their heads toward the tide currents which rush violently through the pass. The flood tide sets in from the Pacific, while the ebb flows toward the Pacific, or, in other words, a southerly directed current for the ebb and a northerly directed current for the flood tide. The pass is very rocky, with numerous sunken rocks in the middle and on the eastern side. The western side of the pass has the deepest water and is 3 fathoms deep in the channel. On the north side of the pass numerous ledges of rocks, hidden rocks, kelp patches, and small islets of but few feet above the water’s edge are to be found. [t would be very difficult navigation for a vessel of over 20 tons to go through there with safety. The natives of the present day cross pretty well to the north side of the pass until they get under Amlia Island and then run near the shore of Amlia with their small bidari or open boats. Among the seaweeds or kelp patches on a cloudy day of clear lower atmosphere the fish may be seen in the following order: The young males and immature females form a stratum of three or four fish deep and several feet wide; beneath these a second stratum of older males and females, whose roe is not yet developed, and will later, in the spawning season, take their place with those in the third stratum, which is compcsed of vigorous males and females. The latter are the most abundant. The female deposits her eggs on the kelp, though much of it must doubtless be lost by the swift currents washing it off. These males and females remain in this place until the spawning season is over, generally by the 20th of July, after which they gradually disperse and quickly find their way back to the Pacific. Many times I have seen huge halibut lying like large flagstones beneath the lower stratum of fish, waiting for one to come within reach. Without moving a great distance I could see over a dozen halibut ata time. I estimated the weight of some of the larger ones to be not less than 350 pounds. The natives of Atka repair to this place and have several turf houses of small size built there. It is also a garden spot where a few vegetables, such as radishes, turnips, and a few potatoes, are planted. To attend to their gardens and to be near the fishing grounds the Aleuts of many places have built these summer villages. Here assemble all the old men not able to hunt and the children and women of the hunters gone off on a summer’s cruise for sea otters. These lay in a store of dried and salted fish for their sons and friends. The natives obtain the greater number of the fish in the following manner: Each man has a two- holed bidarka (canoe). In it a small boy sits in the front hole while the old man sits in the rear hole. The man uses a pole of several feet in length (generally not less than 12 feet long), on which is firmly secured a hook of iron, having a flattened point with a sharp edge and a notch filed on the inner side to act asa barb. When the canoe arrives at the place the boy is ordered to seize hold of a strong frond of the giant kelp, which streams out sometimes for over a hundred feet, and among which the fish are most abundant. After coming thus to anchor the man carefully thrusts the pole into the water, and if the fish are plentiful he will soon feel them surging against it. He now begins to jerk it up and down in the water to gig any fish that may come along. In a few seconds he brings one out. The work now becomes exciting, for scarcely has the pole been again thrust in the water than it is jerked into another fish. Aman may thus, in a couple of hours, take 200 to 300 fish. After the canoe is loaded it is taken to the shore, where the women slit open the back of the fish, take off the head, clean out the entrails, and with a cut on each side the backbone is removed to the tail. The two sides of the fish are left hanging together by the tail. This is to enable the fish to be hung over a pole to dry. Often the men bring the fish directly to the principal village and clean them there, though this is done more often when the fish are to be salted. At thé season between June 25 and July 25 the fish are extremely fat from the abundance of a small crustacean, which has previously come in myriads to the same places as these fish. The fish which are to be dried are usually taken about the Ist of August, as they are so fat before that time that I have seen the oil drip from the drying fish. They also, from the presence of the oil, become rancid in a short time and are said not to keep so well. At Attu Island also I had an excellent opportunity for studying the habits of these fish. At this place the fish are most abundant at the entrance to Chichagof Harbor, on the northeast shoulder of the aContributions to the Natural History of Alaska, by L. M. Turner, p. 96, Washington, 1886. 299 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. island. Several islets and many reefs are disposed nearly across the entrance to the harbor. Between these the tide currents run with great velocity. An abundance of large kelp patches is found in the vicinity. The fish arrive at Attu, from the southwestward, about the 24th of April, though this date varies according to the openness of the season. It is rarely later than the lst of May. The fish come at first in a straggling manner, and their first appearance is made known by their being caught on hooks while the men are fishing for other kinds. The first comers are usually nearly adult males. They are not fat on arrival, but soon become so from the abundance of small crustaceans that fairly swarm among the patches of seaweed by the 10th of May, and at which time the fish are tolerably numerous. By the 10th of June thousands of these fish can be seen in the shallow water (about 14 to 8 fathoms deep) below. The natives here take considerable quantities of these fish and dry them for use at an early date. They rarely salt them for the reason that, they state, this fish makes the consumer thirsty. When they go to catch them they visit the various localities known to be the haunts of these fish, and by looking beneath the mass of kelp fronds can see them if present; if not, the fish are off in the open water. They then watch every floating piece of detached seaweed. It is constantly turning round and round, like in an eddy of water. The fish are playing with it, and there will be found an abundance. The gaff is quickly thrust into the water, and one is soon struck and brought out. I here had opportunity to come to the conclusion that these fish will bite readily at the hook. I saw them jump and struggle to get at the gaff and could feel them strike against it while it was in the water, and at times it was impossible to hold it in position, as the mass of moving fish carried it along with them. Any kind of fresh fish may be used as bait on a small cod hook for these fish. A piece of scarlet flannel tied above the hook is good to attract the fish, as they will then bite voraciously. With a hook a person can catch the fish as fast as put into the water. With the use of several hooks on one line, several fish may be taken at once. With the gaff the fish are taken in great quantities, equal toalldemands. The run lasts at Attu until July 25, after which the fish are spent and slowly disappear from the waters. These fish were not known at Attu previous to 1875. They came unexpectedly and were caught on hooks set for other fish. Since that time the people have had an abundance of them. From my own observations I am led to assert that 500 barrels of 200 pounds each can be procured at Attu in the season from June 1 to July 31. At the entrance to Chichagof Harbor is the only known locality at Attu where these fish resort. The natives assert that the coming of these fish was coincident with the disappearance of the sea lion (Humetopias stelleri), and those natives maintain that the fish drove the sea lions off—just opposite to my own conclusions, for I think the fish come to those places where they will be least perse- cuted by the sea lions. These fish are also reported to be abundant at Kiska Island, between the islands of Atka and Adak; also between Unalga and Unalaska, and also in the passes between some of the Shumagin Islands. I saw a few individuals in Captains Harbor, Unalaska Island, in the early part of July, 1881. This is the first instance of their occurrence in that locality. They were small in size and of the size which constitutes the upper stratum as spoken of in regard to the disposition of the fish on the spawning grounds of Amlia Pass. This fish could be easily taken in great quantities, especially at Amlia Passand Attu. Some writers of Alaskan affairs have mentioned exorbitant prices paid for a barrel of salted fish of this kind. They can be prepared at a cost of $2 per barrel for the fish at either Attu or Amlia. The cost of the barrel and salt, of course, is to be added. Only the necessary sheds for protecting the barrels from the weather would have to be erected. Native help could be procured at a cost of $1 per day fora man and 50 to 75 cents per day for the women, who can clean the fish as expertly as the men. This species appeared at Atka about May 15, 1892, the large ones coming first. Natives stated that the fish are always found in the kelp and that they disappear late in September and early in October. They sometimes come into the harbor even in front of the village. Small ones, half the size of the largest, appear in July. Sea lions killed at various times throughout the winter frequently have their stomachs filled with Atka mackerel; hence it is believed these fish remain about the islands all the year. Captain Lennon found Atka mackerel in stomachs of fur seals taken in Bering Sea in July. They evidently spawn in June. Numerous females examined May 28 were found with nearly ripe roe, the eggs being about the size of no. 6 shot. There is no other fish of the Aleutian Islands, whether in salt water or fresh, that is so interesting to the angler as the Atka mackerel. In the first place it is a most beautiful fish, with its alternating broad bands of glossy black and chrome yellow and its trim form; and its game qualities are of no mean order. It takes the hook readily and makes a good fight. The usual method of taking it is by “jigging.’’ On May 28, 1892, the senior author had excellent sport catching these fish near the mouth of the bay at Attu. Three hooks tied together in a bunch were used, and just above them. was tied a piece of white muslin. The line was weighted so that the hooks would descend quickly. When they had reached the bottom, or near it, they would be jerked up and down and the fish, striking at the muslin, would be hooked or would catch the hook in their mouths. The lines would be let down through the kelp in water 15 to 25 feet deep. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 293 The fish were in schools and it was easy to get great numbers; in fact, one would be kept busy hauling in the fish and taking them off the hook. Usually they were near the bottom when the fish- ing began, but they soon became greatly excited and would come near the surface, where they could be seen swimming about as if greatly disturbed and evidently searching for the piece of white muslin which had attracted their attention. When first hooked they would come up very readily; in fact, they seemed to swim upward until near the surface when they would become alarmed and dart back and forth in their efforts to free themselves. Then the sport was very exciting. The Atka mackerel reaches a length of 18 inches and a weight of 3 or 4 pounds. The average weight of 585 fish was about 24 pounds and the maximum 3} pounds. Commercially this species has never come into the prominence which its excellence as a food fish justifies. Asafresh fish it is delicious either baked or fried. It takes salt well, and in that con- dition is a very palatable and nutritious article of food. There seems to be no good reason why an important fishery should not be established. 93. Hexagrammos decagrammus (Pallas). Rock Trout. Four specimens 3 to 8 inches long, collected at Sucia Island, Gulf of Georgia, May 6, 1894. No. 2230-2233 and 2235, each about 14 inches long, collected by the Albatross in Redfish Bay, Baranof Island, September 6, 1897, showing the two distinct color patterns, and no. 1729 (1763), a specimen 13 inches long, collected at Sitka by Luttrell. Fig. 41.—Hexagrammos decagrammus (Pallas). Recorded by Bean (1882) from Sitka; Old Sitka; Chatham Strait; and Unalaska, and in 1884 from Tolstoi Bay. Nelson (1887), Unalaska. This species, also called boregat and bodieron by the Russians, ranges from Point Conception to Kodiak Island. It is most abundant southward and is common at San Francisco. It attains a length of 18 inches and is a good food fish. 94. Hexagrammos octogrammus (Pallas). Alaska Greenling. This species has been obtained by the Albatros at Uganuk Bay, Kodiak Island (1897), Attu Island, Sucia Island, and Akutan Bay (1894), Tareinski Harbor, and Unalaska, Litnik Bay (1900). Bean has recorded it (1882) as H. ordinatus from Old Sitka, from Popoff Island (Shumagin Group), and Hiuliuk and Chernofski; and Nelson (1887) records it from Unalaska. It has been recorded also from Petro- paulski, from Robben Island, and Iturup Island. In 1903 the Albatross seined an example (no. 2971) 9.5 inches long at Uyak Bay, another (no. 2976) 10 inches long at Snug Harbor, and one 10.25 inches long at Union Bay. An example (no. 151) 4.25 inches long from Tareinski Harbor shows plainly the black humeral spot and 7 black transverse bars on anal fin; supraoccipital flap very small, about equal to pupil; afew white spots on side. 994 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. The center of abundance of this species seems to be among the Aleutian Islands, and its range extends westward to Petropaulski and Robben Island and south to Sitka. The species attains a length of a foot or more and is a good pan fish. Fia. 42.—Hexagrammos octogrammus (Pallas). 95. Hexagrammos stelleri Tilesius. (reenling. This species seems to be rather common all along the coast of Alaska, specimens having been taken with hook or seine at Marrowstone Point; Otter Bay, Sucia Island; Alert Bay, Union Bay, Kilisut Har- bor, Metlakahtla, Cleveland Passage, Loring, Skagway, Sitka, Killisnoo, and Litnik Bay. The specimens taken were chiefly small ones, the smallest being 3 inches long—one each from Litnik Bay and Ankau River, the largest 13.5 inches long from Litnik Bay; another specimen, 13.25 inches long, is from Marrowstone Point. The specimen from Marrowstone Point had in life back and side olivaceous with paler greenish spots; side with about 8 darker vertical bars, these ill defined; head greenish olivaceous; belly and under parts Fic. 43.—Hexagrammos stelleri Tilesius. yellowish, dusted with dusky greenish; dorsal olivaceous, with small yellowish spots more or less coales- cing and large blackish areas near base; caudal orange red; anal with 6 oblique lemon bars, separating broader darker bars, edge of fin bluish reddish; pectoral reddish yellow, barred with darker; ventral pale yellowish with reddish tinge. The young are much blotched and mottled with bars on the side. These markings tend to disappear in the larger examples, leaving the color in alcohol uniform brownish. The species has also been recorded as Hexagramus asper (Nelson 1887) from St. Michael. Bean (1882) records it from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Refuge Cove, Cook Inlet; St. Paul, Kodiak; Unalaska, Atka, St. Michael, and Port Clarence. Gilbert (1895), stations 3228, 3229, 3231 to 3234, 3239 to 3241, 32438, and 3245 in Bristol Bay. The species ranges from Kamchatka and Unalaska to San Francisco, being perhaps most abundant in Puget Sound. It reaches a length of a foot and is of value as a food fish. THE FISHES OF ALASKA, 295 96. Hexagrammos superciliosus (Pallas). Red Rock Trout. Three specimens, 11 to 14.63 inches long, obtained by Mr. Rutter at Karluk, where another 18.5 inches long, was collected in 1893 by the Albatross. We haye also examined Nelson’s (1887) specimens from Kyska; Akutan Bay; Redfish Bay, and Unalaska; Bean’s from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Amchitka; St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Chernofski, and Attu; and Gilbert’s (1895) from Makushin and Chernoiski Bays, Unalaska Island and stations 3244 and 3245 in Bristol Bay. Fic. 44.—Hexagrammos superciliosus (Pallas). We fail to find any differences in the supraocular flap of this species and that of octogrammus. Dr. Gilbert says it may be distinguished from octogrammus by the larger flap, smoother scales, and deeper notch in the dorsal. The deeper notch in the dorsal and the complete fourth lateral line in swpercili- osus are the only marked differences we can find in our specimens. The specimen from Redfish Bay is very highly colored with large white spots and bars, the spots being on base of pectoral and lower part of body, the bars running irregularly over body and head. This species ranges from Bering Sea to Monterey Bay but is most abundant northwerd. It grows to a length of nearly 2 feet and is a palatable food fish. 97. Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas). (Pl. xv, fig. 2.) The home of this species is in the western parts of Bering Sea. It is known to occur about Bering, Robben, and Iturup islands. The only specimen known from Alaskan waters was obtained at Attu in 1894 by the Albatross. It is no. 1665, U.S. National Museum, and is 19 inches long. Fig. 45.—Ophiodon elongatus Girard. 98. Ophiodon elongatus Girard. Cultus Cod. Recorded from Sitka by Bean in 1882. Three small examples, 4 to 5 inches long, from Port Townsend; one (no. 02832), 12.5 inches long, from Marrowstone Point. The species was also seen at Quarantine Station, Union Bay; Port Alexander; Sitkoh Bay; and Loring. It was taken both in the seine and with hook and line. We also have a speci- men 12 inches long taken by the Albatross at Port Etches, Prince William Sound, 1897. The cultus cod occurs on our west coast from Santa Barbara northward to Prince William Sound, and is abundant throughout most of its range. It reaches a length of nearly 4 feet and a weight of 30 to 40 296 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. pounds. Although not a high-grade food fish, its size and abundance make it a species of considerable commercial importance. Asa game fish also it is of interest, taking the hook freely and affording much sport to the angler. 99. Zaniolepis latipinnis Girard. This monotypic species is abundant in rather deep water from San Francisco northward at least as far as Puget Sound. We have 31 specimens 5 to 7.5 inches long collected by J. P. Todd near Seattle, 1903. Tt reaches a length of a foot and is a slender fish of dry, firm substance and singular form, little valued as food. Fic. 46.—Oxylebius pictus Gill. 100. Oxylebius pictus Gill. This species occurs on rocky shores from Monterey Bay northward at least to Puget Sound. It is a small fish, seldom exceeding 10 inches in length. It dwells in the kelp, where it is usually abundant, though it is rare in collections. It is not of much food value. We have one specimen 8 inches long, taken by the Albatross at Seattle, March, 1892. Fic. 47.—Chitonotus pugetensis (Steindachner). Family 33. COTTIDE. The Sculpins. 101. Chitonotus pugetensis (Steindachner). Fourteen specimens, 2.5 to 4.5 inches long, collected by J. P. Todd, near Seattle, in 1903. A conspicuous nasal tentacle about as long as pupil. Anal dark in the males. The species reaches a length of 6 inches and occurs from San Francisco to Puget Sound in moderate depths. THE FISHES OF ALASKA, 297 102. Tarandichthys filamentosus (Gilbert). One specimen 2.5 inches long dredged at station 4193, off St. Mary Mission. Not before recorded north of southern California. Eye rather larger than given in current descriptions, being scarcely 3 in head; filaments on pre- opercle not evident. 103. Tarandichthys tenuis (Gilbert). Two examples, 2 and 2.5 inches long, from station 4204, near Fort Rupert, and two, 2.1 and 3.75 inches long, from station 4193, in the Gulf of Georgia. Not previously recorded from north of San Francisco. In our specimens the maxillary reaches anterior edge of pupil; gillrakers small and tubercular; peritoneum dusky; 2 parietal spines; first 2 or 3 scales of lateral line enlarged, the first with a distinct spine; pearly patches on base of pectoral. The larger specimen from Gulf of Georgia had its stomach filled with shrimps and its abdominal cavity full of thread-like worms. 104. Icelinus burchami Evermann «& Goldsborough, new species. Head 2.8 in length; depth 4.6; eye 3.25 in head; snout 4.5 in head; maxillary 2.2; mandible 2; interorbital 2.25 in eye; dorsal 1x-16; anal 14; pectoral 18; lateral line 38. Body comparatively slender, tapering rapidly backward to caudal fin; head rather large; mouth moderate, low, terminal, nearly horizontal, the lower jaw slightly included; maxillary rather short, reaching posterior edge of eye; eye moderate, somewhat ovate; nasal spines short and obscure; nasal Fig. 48.—Icelinus burechami Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type. tentacle obsolete; supraorbital with a flat, black, bifid cirrus posteriorly, its length about equaling the pupil; a slender black occipital filament; a small white filament near tip of maxillary; occipital ridges not prominent, the included space flat, not pit-like; interorbital space flat, the median ridge very faint; preopercular spine rather strong, its length about 1.5 in orbit, three sharp spines on its upper edge directed upward, a short, sharp spine at the tip; under edge of peropercle with 3 short, stout, triangular spines, the first and second directed backward and slightly downward, the third, which is longest and sharpest, directed downward and forward; opercular spine flat and obscure; a double row of scales or plates along upper part of side, beginning under about the fifth dorsal spine and ceasing under the last dorsal ray but one, the row double throughout its entire length except posteriorly, where the lower row ceases three scales in advance of the upper row; upper edge of caudal peduncle, narrow space between the double row of scales, just described, and the dorsal fin, and broad space between it and the lateral line, naked; entire body below lateral line naked; no postpectoral plates. Fins well developed; spinous dorsal with the spines slightly filamentous, the longest about 2.75 in head; longest dorsal ray 3 in head; anal similar to soft dorsal; caudal somewhat rounded, its length 1.8 in head; pectoral broad, reaching past front of anal; ventrals very short and inconspicuous, their length scarcely exceeding diameter of pupil. 298 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.: Color in aleohol, yellowish brown; body and head blotched and mottled with small whitish spots and darkish irregular blotches; dorsal, anal, and caudal fins dark, blotched with white; pectoral similar, the lower rays whitish at tip, the interradial membranes darker. This species is related to I. borealis, from which it differs chiefly in the larger eye, the shorter snout, the weaker nasal spines, the shorter preopercular spines, and the less complete series of scales along the base of the dorsal. Type, no. 57822 U. S. National Museum (field no. 99), a specimen 4 inches long from Albatross station 4228 in 4] to 134 fathoms, off Loring, Alaska, July 7, 1903. Cotypes: No. 5229, Bureau of Fisheries; no. 20010 Museum Stanford University; no. 57825, U.S. National Museum, and no. 6117, Field Museum, all from the same place; and no. 33003, Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, from Behm Canal, near Loring, July 8, 1903. This interesting species is named for Mr. James 8S. Burcham, a young naturalist of great promise, who lost his life at Lake McDonald, November 12, 1905, while in the employ of the Bureau of Fisheries. 105. Icelinus borealis Gilbert. This species is common and widely distributed. We have examined specimens from the following localities: Albatross stations no, 4205, 4209, 4212, 4213, 4217, and 4218 (all in Admiralty Inlet), 4276 (Alitak Bay), 4285 (Chignik Bay), 2428 (Behm Canal), 3597 (off coast of Washington), Seattle, and Loring. It had been previously recorded by Gilbert (1895) from various Albatross stations north and Fic. 49.—Icelinus borealis Gilbert. south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay. The known range is, therefore, from Bristol Bay and the Aleutian Islands to Puget Sound. Our specimens are 1.6 to 3.25 inches long. The length (2.5 feet) given in Fishes of North and Middle America is evidently an error. We are unable to distinguish /. strabo Starks from this species. 106. Astrolytes fenestralis (Jordan & Gilbert). The collection contains one specimen 3 inches long, seined at Metlakahtla, 6 smaller specimens seined at Admiralty Head, Whidby Island, and 5 specimens from Sucia Island; also 13 specimens collected by Mr. Rutter on the beach at Karluk and 13 by Mr. Chamberlain at Loring. Recorded from Unalaska and Sanborn Harbor, Shumagin Islands by Bean (1882) as Artedius notospilotus, and from the Shumagin Islands by Jordan & Gilbert (1899). Head 2.9 in length; depth 4.6; eye 4.5 in head; dorsal 1x-17; anal x1; lateral line 36; maxillary extending to posterior border of pupil. This species reaches a length of about 5 inches. Its known range extends from Puget Sound to Unalaska. 107. Stelgidinotus latifrons Gilbert & Thompson. One specimen 1.13 inches long, from station 4213, near Admiralty Head. Head 3.1 in body; depth 4.9; eye 3.5 in head; snout 4; maxillary 2.5; interorbital equal to eye; dorsal 1x, 17; anal 14; ventral 1, 3; pectoral 15; branchiostegals 6; pores 35. Body rather elongate, not much compressed, gradually tapering from head to the rather slender caudal peduncle, the least depth of which is about 3 in head. Head rather small, lateral profile of snout somewhat blunt and rounded, upper profile somewhat rounded; interorbital rather broad and somewhat concave, nasal spines prominent, a round filament THE FISHES OF ALASKA, 299 at the base of each, the sheath of the premaxillary pedicel rising between them as a stout, blunt spine; occiput rounded. without spines or cirri, a cirrus or two near tip of opercle; preopercular spines 4, the upper curved and hooked upward, rather blunt, but strong, and covered with skin, the others minute, all extending as mucronate points from a broad base, and all apparently pointing upward; a series of large pores under eye and along lower edge of preopercle and lower jaw; mouth small, somewhat oblique, the tip of premaxillary about on a line w.th lower margin of orbit; maxillary reaching to anterior margin of pupil, lower jaw included; teeth minute on jaws and vomer; gill-membranes forming a free fold across isthmus; origin of spinous dorsal above gill-cleft, its base 1.33 in head, its upper margin parallel with back; base of soft dorsal 2.9 in body, spinous and soft dorsal connected by membrane; pectoral 2.66 in body, quite large, pointed, reaching a considerable distance beyond origin of anal; ventral 1.66 in head, nearly reaching vent; length of caudal about equal to head; anal quite long, its base about equal to length of head; caudal apparently truncate, its origin nearly vertical from that of soft dorsal; vent considerably anterior to middle of body. Head naked, the rest of the body covered with small papillee; enlarged scales along lateral line, especially in front, pores somewhat conspicuous for the whole length; plates of lateral line not keeled, but each bearing several small spines on posterior margin; a series of indistinct transverse wrinkles behind axil. Color mottled olivaceous on sides, the mottlings indistinct, so disposed as to form a series of about 5 saddle-like markings across the back about equally distributed, the light areas between them nearly circular; top of head dusky; fins plain. Stelgidinotus latifrons Gilbert & Thompson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. xxvii, 1905, p. 977, near Bremerton, Wash, Fic. 50.—Stelgidonotus latifrons Gilbert & Thompson. Type. 108. Artediellus pacificus Gilbert. Our collections contain specimens from the following localities: Albatross station 4285 (Chignik Bay), 4268 (Afognak Bay), 4276, 4277, 4278, and 4279 (all in Alitak Bay); and 3653 (Bering Sea). The species was originally described from station 3216, south of Sannak ‘Island, and is recorded by Gilbert from many stations in Bristol Bay. A female 2.5 inches long, from station 4279, August 6, contained 105 nearly ripe eggs, measuring about 18 to the inch. Of the 15 specimens from Alitak Bay, 2 are males which exhibit a markedly fuller development of the dorsal fins than the others. A small thread-worm was found in the abdominal cavity of one specimen. 300 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 109. Rastrinus scutiger (Bean). 4 Originally described by Bean (1891) as Icelus seutiger from Albatross station 2853, off Trinity Island. Recorded by Gilbert (1895), as Icelus seutiger, from station 3339 south of the Alaskan Peninsula. Not obtained by us. Fig. 51.—Rastrinus scutiger (Bean). 110. Icelus bicornis ( Reinhardt). Two specimens from station 4281, one from 4285, one from 4286 (all in Chignik Bay), and one from 4278 (Alitak Bay). These range from 1.75 to 3.2 inches long. Also recorded from many stations in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895). : This species is easily distinguished by the 2 pairs of spines on occiput, but the specimens we have vary as to the number of dorsal spines, there being 8 or 9, and the rays vary from 17 to 20. Fig. 52.—Icelus spiniger Gilbert. 111. Icelus spiniger Gilbert. One specimen 3.25 inches long, dredged at station 4227 in Behm Canal, near Loring; 3 specimens 2.4 inches long from station 4281, in Chignik Bay; 2 specimens 2.6 inches long from station 4273 in Alitak Bay; 2 specimens 1.75 and 2.4 inches long from station 4283, in Chignik Bay; 1 specimen from 4289, 3 from 4291, 6 from 4292, 2 from 4293, and 6 from 4295, all in Shelikof Strait; these vary in length from 2 to 3.25 inches. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3216, 3223 to 3226, 3257, 3258, 3267, 3278 to 3280, 3292, 3302, 3311, 3334 and 3336, in the vicinity of Unalaska Island and in Bristol Bay. 112. Icelus euryops [ean. Originally recorded by Bean (1891) from station 2853, off Trinity Islands, where 3 specimens were secured. Not taken since that time. 1138. Icelus vicinalis Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3324, 3330 to 3332 in Bristol Bay (1890). Not taken since. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 301 114. Icelus canaliculatus Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3329 north of Unalaska (1890). No other spec- imens have been taken. Fie. 53.—Icelus canaliculatus Gilbert. 115. Radulinus asprellus Gilbert. Twenty-one specimens, varying from 0.75 to 5 inches, are in the collection, representing the following localities: Station 4221, mouth of Hood Canal: station 4219, Admiralty Inlet; station 4204, off Fort . ae Fig. 54.—Radulinus asprellus Gilbert. Rupert, British Columbia; station 4191, in outer harbor at Nanaimo, British Columbia; Kasaan Bay; station 4226, Behm Canal, near Loring; station 4234, in Yes Bay; and near Seattle by J. P. Todd. In the specimen from station 4226 the snout equals eye, and is 3.1 in head; maxillary 2.66; mandible 2.1; peritoneum silvery; length of caudal fin 1.45in head. These measurements are not given in current descriptions. Fig. 55.—Triglops beani Gilbert. 116. Triglops beani Gilbert. The collection contains specimens from the following localities: Albatross stations 4205, 4211, 4212, and 4213 (all in Admiralty Inlet), 4248 (Eastern Passage), 4268 and 4269 (Afognak Bay), 4242 (Karta 802 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Bay), 4243 (Kasaan Bay), and from Behm Canal near Loring. The species had been previously recorded from Wrangell Straits (Bean 1884, as 7. pingelli), Bristol Bay, at numerous Albatross stations (Gilbert 1895), and Bering Sea at Albatross stations 3598 and 3599 (Gilbert 1895). The specimens obtained during the recent investigations were from depths varying from 14 to 71 fathoms. The males have a dark stripe on side just above anal fin, extending posteriorly from about first third of fin and uniting with the other median stripe at about fifth or sixth ray from last. Anal papilla in male well developed; peritoneum white, liver large, several large pyloric caeca, females not smaller than males. This sculpin reaches a length of 4 to 8 inches and is of wide distribution, its known range extend- ing from Puget Sound to Bering Sea and to Robben Island. Fic. 56.—Triglops scepticus Gilbert. 117. Triglops scepticus Gilbert. A single female example 5.75 inches long dredged at station 4291, in 65 to 48 fathoms, in Shelikof Strait. The interorbital space is more narrow than stated in current descriptions, being contained 3.5 instead of 1.5 times in the eye. About 7 of the lower rays of the pectoral are enlarged and exserted. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3215, 3222 to 3225, 3309, and 3339, south of Sannak and north of Unalaska Island. Mi, MME v a Wt aS Liz os fs S = ; ESOVESN : VVAAAA AQ Fig. 57.—Sternias xenostethus (Gilbert). 118. Sternias xenostethus (Gilbert). We have two specimens, 2.5 and 4.25 inches long, of this rare species, secured by the Albatross at station 3599, in Bering Sea. Only the type, a specimen 1.5 inches long, has heretofore beea known. This was described by Gilbert (1895) from Albatross station 3220, north of Unalaska Island. Fic, 58.—Prionistius macellus Bean. 119. Prionistius macellus Bean. Recorded from stations 3214, 2218, and 3223, south of Sannak and north of Unimak Island (Gilbert 1895). THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 803 120. Elanura forficata Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3213, 3214, and 3222, south of Sannak and north of Unimak Island. < SW SSS SS Fie. 59.—Elanura forficata Gilbert. 121. Melletes papilio Bean. Originally described by Bean (1880) from St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group. It has not since been taken. Fic. 60.—Melletes papilio Bean. 122. Hemilepidotus jordani Bean. Irish Lord. Very abundant practically everywhere along the Alaskan coast. The collection contains specimens from the following localities: Shumagin Islands; stations 4268 and 4270, in Afognak Bay; stations 4283 and 4285, in Chignik Bay; station 4291, in Shelikof Strait. We also have 5 specimens 2 to 17 inches long, collected by the Albatross in other years at Sitka, Chignik Bay, and station 3600. The center of abundance for this species seems to be about Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula. The species was originally described by Bean (1882) from Unalaska, also recorded by him from Port Althorp; Port Chatham, Cook Inlet; St. Paul, Kodiak; Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins; Hiuliuk and Chernofski, Unalaska. By Gilbert from numerous Albatross stations about Amak and Unalaska islands. The eye varies considerably in size, even in large examples, being usually 4 or even more in head; maxillary 2.3; mandible 2.2; snout 3.6; interorbital 1.3; peritoneum silvery. A specimen 17.5 inches long and weighing 2 pounds, taken over the rail with hook and line at Fox Bay, August 11, had in life the following colors: Side dirty olivaceous, with about 5 broad, irregular, darker blackish bars; belly white, with numerous small, roundish dark spots, few or none on middle line of belly and breast; top of head blackish, side of head somewhat blacker, the opercle and lower part of cheek nearly black; 3804 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. edges of premaxillary, maxillary, and cheek, side of lower jaw, and first 2 or 3 branchiostegals and mem- branes rich lemon-yellow, remaining branchiostegals and lower side of head clean white; dorsal dark olive, the anterior portions black; pectoral dirty white at base, dirty olivaceous elsewhere; anal dark; caudal grayish olive, the membranes pale greenish or yellowish; tip of fin light greenish-yellow; eye reddish brown. RRO Fig. 61.—Hemilepidotus jordani Bean. A female 13.25 inches long (no. 2985), taken in Chignik Bay, August 10, was full of small eggs. We have another specimen, 4.75 inches long, from station 3599, in Bering Sea, taken in 1894. In this specimen the ventral fins are much longer than in typical examples, and have many tubercles on the under side. Five examples taken at Sand Point, Shumagin Islands, August 12, gave the following lengths and weights: Length. | Weight. Inches. | Lbs. 02. 18t 1 15 154 1 13} 178 29 158 1 14 14g ie This interesting fish reaches a length of more than 2 feet, and is abundant about the Aleutian Islands. It is very frequently taken in the salmon traps and is regarded as a nuisance by the fishermen. It is of some value as a food fish, but is rarely eaten. It is apparently not known in Southeast Alaska. Fic. 62.—Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus Tilesius. 123. Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus Tilesius. Red Sculpin. Very common, particularly about Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula. The collection con- tains 9 specimens, 2 to 14.5 inches long, secured at Sucia Island; Hunters Bay; Loring; Killisnoo; Litnik Bay; Karluk; and in Uyak Bay. It has also been recorded (Bean 1882) as Hemilepidotus trachurus THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 305 from Sitka; Port Althorp; Port Etches; Port Chatham; Cook Inlet; Popoff Strait and Coal Harbor, Shum- agins; Unalaska; Kyska; Nazan Bay, Atka; Bay of Islands, Adak; Amchitka; Chichagof Harbor and Attu. Bean (1884), Fort Tongass and Nakat. Nelson (1887), Unalaska. Known from Kamchatka to San Francisco. Not common in Bering Sea, but appears to be abundant from Sitka to Puget Sound. It reaches a length of 18 inches and should be of some value as a food fish. Fie. 63.—Enophrys bison (Girard). 124. Enophrys bison ((irard). This sculpin is quite common south of Killisnoo. No specimens were secured by us north of this point. The collection contains 34 specimens, | to 9.5 inches long, taken at the following places: Port Townsend; Marrowstone Point; Admiralty Head; Fort Rupert; Kilisut Harbor; Port Alexander; Port Ludlow; Sucia Island; Loring; Yes Bay; Cleveland Passage, and Killisnoo. The species was recorded by Bean (1882) from Sitka, and from St. Paul, Kodiak Island. 125. Enophrys claviger (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (Pl. xvn, fig. 1.) Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from station 3233, Bristol Bay. No specimens obtained by us. Fic. 64.—Ceratocottus diceraus (Pallas). 126. Ceratocottus diceraus (Pallas). Recorded by Bean from Sitka (1882) and Tolstoi Bay and Fort Tongass (1884); by Gilbert from Herendeen Bay (1895), and by Jordan and Gilbert from St. Paul Island (1899, as C. least). We have 3 specimens, 5.75 to 6.25 inches long, collected at Tareinski, Kamchatka, June 21, and 2 specimens each about 3 inches long and each taken from the stomach of a halibut, one at Killisnoo, July 26, the other somewhere in Southeast Alaska, locality not definitely recorded. These specimens indicate that Ceratocottus lucasi Jordan and Gilbert is the young of C. diceraus. B.B. F.1906—20 3806 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 127. Cottus asper Richardson. Prickly Bullhead. Two specimens, 4 and 4.5 inches long, seined in upper stream of Deep Bay at Loring; 1 specimen, 4.3 inches long, at Loring; 3 specimens, 5.5 to 6.5 inches long, taken on hook and line in Naha River at Loring; 1 specimen, 5.5 inches long, seined in Hunter Bay; 2 specimens, each about 3.25 inches long, taken on hook and line near the Fortmann hatchery; 2 specimens (no. 3031 and 3032), 6.25 and 7 inches long, from Hunter Bay, taken on hook and line. Thirty-five specimens, 1.75 to 7.5 inches long, collected in McDonald Lake, September 26, 1905. These are variously rough and smooth on the sides. The size does not seem to make any difference in the roughness, it being present or absent in all sizes. The black spot on the posterior part of dorsal disappears in the larger examples. Seventeen specimens, 3 to 6 inches long, seined in McDonald Lake, August 24, 1905; agree with the preceding in regard to roughness. Six specimens, 4 to 6.75 inches long, collected in fyke net in McDonald Lake, July 29, 1905. These specimens are smooth, except for a small area under pectoral, which is slightly rough. Twelve specimens, 3.5 to 5 inches long, seined in McDonald Lake on August 22, 1905. The stomach contents were chiefly snails and parasitic worms. These specimens vary greatly in roughness of body, some having only a slight rough place under pectoral, others of the same size and of different sizes haying the entire side of body more or less rough; all have a very distinct black blotch as large or larger than eye on posterior base of spinous dorsal; the fins are otherwise unmarked. In addition to the above there were secured from Yes Bay and McDonald Lake 26 specimens varying from 2 to 5 inches, and 18 specimens from 2 to 6.5 inches from Loring and vicinity; two of the latter taken in Steelhead Creek, June 19, 1904, were full of nearly ripe eggs. This species is common in fresh-water streams and lakes about Loring, and at the Fortmann hatchery might be seen any day in the clear waters of the stream or lake. It is reputed to be very destructive to salmon eggs. Following the suggestion of Mr. J. O. Snyder (in ‘‘ Notes on the Fishes of the Streams flowing into San Francisco Bay, California,’’ Appendix to the Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secre- tary of Commerce and Labor for the year ending June 30, 1904) that C. asper, dorsal rays 19 to 22, anal 16 to 18, may be separated from C. gulosus dorsal rays 17 or 18, anal 12 to 14, by the greater number of dorsal and anal rays in the former, and also that C. asper is confined largely to the lower courses of streams, while C. gulosus is found farther up where the water is clear and the current rapid, we identify our speci- mens as C. asper. They were all taken in or near tide water, and the following table of fin counts places them with C. asper: Locality. | No. | Dorsal. Anal. Palatine teeth. | Length. | Vul, 21 2 | IX, 20 | ‘| Locality No Dorsal | Anal. | Palatine teeth Anal Vent 2 egy hs hie | ; * | length. : Hunter Bay.. 7 16 3.0 | Posterior. Dove 2s 3032 154 3.2 Do. DOiearsines 3031 174 3.1 | Do. Loring, Deep 8 V7 3.0 | Do. DONA + ee 9 164 2.9 | Nearly median. Length of anal base usually about equal to head, sometimes, as in last example, somewhat longer. 128. Cottus gulosus (Girard). Specimens of this species were secured only at Loring and Boca de Quadra. They were 16 in number and measured 1 to 4 inches in length. Many of the larger ones taken at Loring, May 29, 1904, were full of nearly ripe eggs. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 307 This species is doubtless common throughout Alaska, but being found further up the streams away from brackish water and in places not usually visited by collectors, it has not been taken abundantly or recorded from many places. 129. Cottus cognatus Richardson. (reat Bear Lake Bullhead. One of the most interesting results of the side trip made to the headwaters of the Yukon was the securing of a fine series of specimens of Cottus cognatus. Until now the type of this species had remained unique, no additional specimens having come into any museum or having been collected by any natur- alist so far as we are informed. At Lake Bennett, July 19-21, 1903, 45 specimens were collected. They were obtained by the use of the seine at various places along the shore, chiefly toward the head of the lake above the railroad station and near the crossing of the Yukon and White Pass Railroad. These specimens range in length from 1.2 to 3’ inches. Although the original description is very brief there is no doubt in our mind as to the identification. Following is a detailed description: Head 3.66 to 4.1 in length; depth 5.13 to 6.2; eye 3.8 to 4.66 in head; snout 3.6 to 4; maxillary 2.25 to 2.5; mandible about 2; interorbital width 5.25 to 6; dorsal usually vim—17 (vm—15, vir-16, 1x-15, 1x-17, and’ 1x-18 indicate the range of variation); longest dorsal spine about 3 in head; longest dorsal ray 1.75 to 2; anal usually 11 or 12, varying from 10 to 13; longest anal ray about 1.75; pectoral 13 or 14, its longest rays (14 or 15) 3.87 to 4.2 in head, lowermost 7 or 8 rays thick, but not branched; ventral 1, 3, the length 5.5 to 6 in head; caudal lobes about 5. Body rather heavy forward, tapering gradually to the rather slender caudal peduncle; head moderate, evenly rounded above, interorbital space narrow, slightly concave; mouth moderate, somewhat oblique, maxillary reaching middle of pupil, lower jaw slightly included; branchiostegal rays 6; gill-membranes separate, joined to the isthmus; villiform teeth on jaws and asmall patch on the vomer; caudal peduncle slender, its least width about 2 in its least depth; head entirely smooth; preopercle with a single spine at the angle projecting backward and upward, chiefly concealed by skin; lower edge of preopercle with one rather distinct broad spine projecting downward and forward, in front of which is another poorly defined spine or blunt point; opercle without spine; no other spines or filaments about head; body entirely smooth except a patch of small roughish scales under the pectoral; fins well developed, spinous and soft dorsal barely connected; caudal truncate or slightly rounded; pectoral broad at base, the tip reaching past beginning of anal; ventrals scarcely reaching vent; vent usually somewhat nearer tip of snout than base of caudal; there is, however, some slight variation in this character; in one specimen, apparently a female, it is equally distant from tip of snout and base of caudal. A specimen 3{ inches long was, in life, dark olive, much mottled; trace of about 6 dark saddles less distinct than in most specimens; first dorsal blackish olive with a narrow orange edge, the fin mesially darker; second dorsal dusky olive and translucent, the olive in irregular blotches; caudal with 4 or 5 vague bars of darker olive; ventrals and anal uncolored; pectoral brown with 4 narrow irregular dark bars, the coloration more olive and more uniform than usual; a patch of light colored, rather coarse prickles behind axil; belly silvery; lower jaw greenish, faintly barred with 5 black dots. Z There are two patterns of coloration, probably representing the two sexes, a darker and a lighter phase. The darker phase may be described as follows: Sides and top of head, anterior portion of body, the beginning of soft dorsal, and sides of body along base of soft dorsal and upper part of caudal peduncle, dark or blackish, more or less vermiculated with lighter; base of caudal fin with a large Y-shaped black area; tip of lower jaw dark; under side of head and entire lower parts of body yellowish white, profusely covered with numerous minute black or brownish punctulations; spinous dorsal black, white at the tip; soft dorsal vermiculated with dark and light, the distal half lighter; anal yellowish-white with fine dark punctulations; caudal dirty white, with fine dark punctulations and evidence of faint darker cross-bars; pectoral dark on basal two-thirds, lighter at the tip, with rather distinct vertical cross-bars of dark and light; ventrals yellowish-white, somewhat punctate with dark. A specimen of the lighter phase may be described as follows: Head and upper parts of body brownish white, blotched with darker; occipital region dark; back with about 6 dark or brownish saddles, distributed as follows: The first, which is very small, at beginning of spinous dorsal, the second under last dorsal spines, the third under third to sixth dorsal rays, the fourth under eighth to tenth dorsal rays, the fifth under the last dorsal rays but one, and the sixth on base of caudal fin; the third and fifth 308 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. plainest and extending below the lateral line; entire under parts yellowish-white with very fine dark punctulations; fins essentially as in the darker form. Cottus cognatus Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., U1, 40, 1836,Great Bear Lake. Giinther, Cat., 11, 157, 1860. Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., pt. 11, 1954, 1898. 130. Cottus aleuticus Gilbert. Ninety-nine specimens 3 to 4 inches long collected by Mr. Rutter in Lake Karluk during the summer of 1903. Head 3.75 to 3.85 in length; eye 5 in head; dorsal rx, 19; anal 12 or 13; pectoral 15. The collection contains also 3 specimens 4 to 4.5 inches long from a small stream at the head of the flume at the Loring cannery. July 26; 4 specimens 2.75 to 3.25 inches long from the stream at the Fort- mann hatchery, July 7, taken on hook and line; and 2 specimens 2.75 to 3.75 inches long from Steelhead Creek near Loring, May 8. Fig. 65.—Cottus aleutieus Gilbert. The Karluk specimens show quite a different color pattern from those taken at Loring, the body being much darker and plainer, with very little vermiculation or marbling; the fins sometimes marbled with dark; the spinous dorsal sometimes plain with very small dark punctulations, or the upper half of fin black, edged with white, these punctulations sometimes found on soft dorsal and anal. Many of these specimens have tubercles on ventral and pectoral fins, those on the ventrals sometimes arranged in patches. The lateral line is not always complete, does not drop abruptly at end of soft dorsal, but ends there in some specimens, generally those with plain soft dorsal. This species has been recorded by Bean (1882) as Uranidia microstoma, from Indian River, Sitka; St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Aleutian Islands; Iliuliuk, Unalaska. Gilbert (1895) from Iliuliuk, Unalaska. Rutter (1899), Karluk River and Lake and in Alitak Lake. Nelson (1887), mouth of Tanana River. 131. Cottus chamberlaini Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Head 3 in body; depth 4.3; eye 3.75 in head; snout 5.9; maxillary 2.5; interorbital space 5 in eye; dorsal 1x-16, longest spine 3.3 in head, the longest ray 2.3; anal 11, longest ray 2 in head; pectoral 14, the length equal to that of head; ventral 1, 4, the length 1.6 in head; branchiostegals 6. Body fusiform, tapering rather rapidly from the heavy head to the long slender caudal peduncle, the body usually considerably constricted at the vertical connecting origins of anal and soft dorsal; head rather large; snout short; mouth moderate, low, nearly horizontal, the maxillary scarcely reaching front of pupil; a small patch of teeth on vomer, palatines naked; eyes large, high up and close together; interorbital space very narrow; anterior nostril in a very distinct tube; posterior nostril in an evident tube, which is shorter than that of the anterior; head entirely smooth, without cirri or spines except those on opercular bones; preopercle with one simple sharp spine at the angle, projecting backward and curved upward somewhat; edge of preopercle below this smooth or merely crenulate; opercle ending in a soft flap, subopercle with a rather distinct blunt spine projecting downward; body entirely smooth, except a small patch of asperities under the pectoral; lateral line complete or nearly so. Fins moderate; interval between spinous and soft dorsal short, but distinct; origin of spinous dorsal posterior to base of pectoral a distance equal to one-third diameter of eye; origin of anal slightly posterior to that of soft dorsal- caudal slightly rounded; pectoral long, reaching origin of anal; ventrals short, not reaching vent. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 309 Color in alcohol: Upper parts dark, mottled with darker irregular blotches and lighter areas; about 4 distinct dark vertical blotches, one under spinous dorsal, 2 under soft dorsal and 1 on caudal peduncle; under parts yellowish-white, profusely covered with minute brown punctulations; spinous dorsal dusky, each ray with 1 or 2 black spots, the eighth spine almost entirely black, edge of fin creamy white; soft dorsal dusky, with numerous irregular black blotches, the edge somewhat creamy; anal pale, punctate’ with dark; caudal yellowish-white, crossed by 4 or 5 irregular, dark, vertical bars; pectoral similar to soft dorsal; ventrals white. The numerous specimens examined show but little variation, as may be seen from an examination of the following table: Fig. 66.—Cottus chamberlaini Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type. VARIATION IN THE TyPE AND CoTyPEs OF COTTUS CHAMBERLAINI. | Dorsal fin. | Length ll ares Inter- Long- o.| Anal pues in Head. | Depth.| Eye. | Snout. Mex: orbital est | One. for > =) |inches: ~ ** \ineye.| Formula. | spine ray jn | Mula. vas head. head. 119 3.2 4.3 3.75 3.9 | Ix, 16 11 120 3.0 5.1 3.5 asa yur) 16 12 121 Sealy e4s6n | Sal 4.8 Ix, 17 12 122 3.1 | 4.5 3.5 4.0 Vill, 16 12 123 3.2 4.5 3.2 4.0 vill, 16 11 124 3.2 | 4575 3. 4.25 vin, 16 12 125, ial |) ZeG 3. ofa vul, 16 11 126 3.0 4.8 3.5 4.0 vu, 16 11 127 3.5 5.0 3.5 5.0 VIII, 16 ll 128 3.2 5.0 3.0 4.75 Vul, 16 ll | aNo. 119, type; nos. 120-128, cotypes. This species seems to be related to Cottus beldingi and to Cottus spilotus. From the former it may be distinguished by the much larger eye, the narrower interorbital, the blunter head, the fewer anal rays, and the coloration; from Cottus spilotus it would seem to differ in the shorter anal, the more complete lateral line, in coloration and in other respects. The collection contains 217 specimens, which we refer to this species. They vary in length from less than 1 inch to 2.9 inches. The collector’s label, which should have accompanied these specimens, has been lost, but it is certain that they came from fresh water at Loring, Alaska, and that they were collected by Mr. F. M. Chamberlain in 1903. Type no. 57823, U. S. National Museum, a specimen (no. 119) 2.9 inches long, probably from Loring, Alaska; cotypes, several specimens no. 61052,U. S. National Museum; no. 5230, Bureau of Fisheries; no- 20011, Stanford Univ. Mus. We take pleasure in naming this species for our friend and associate, Mr. Fred. M. Chamberlain, naturalist of the steamer Albatross, who collected the type. 310 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 132. Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus (Pallas). Great Sculpin. The collection contains 25 specimens, from 1.75 to 13 inches long; collected in 1903, at the following places: Marrowstone Point; Cleveland Passage; stations 4270 and 4272, Litnik Bay; Karluk; Admiralty Head; Metlakatla; Funter Bay; Point Ellis; Port Alexander; Snug Harbor, and Yakutat. The species was seen also at Dundas, Pablof, Sitkoh, and Uyak bays. These specimens show that there is considerable variation in the relative distances between the supraocular spines themselves and the occipital spines. The distance seems to be relatively greater in the young examples than in the older ones. In the larger specimens the general color is much darker than in the smaller ones, the light colors, especially posteriorly, fading into darker; belly and ventral fins distinctly mottled and spotted. In all the smaller examples the belly is pale and there are 3 very distinct dark bars across the body; the first under the sixth to eighth dorsal spines, extending slightly forward and downward across base of pectoral; the second under soft dorsal, beginning under the third ray, and extending under nearly full length of fin and downward nearly to anal, this bar more or less broken at its center and sometimes divided, form- ing 2 bars, which may be called second and third, 1 over anterior, the other over posterior part of soft dorsal; the last bar (fourth when the second is divided, otherwise third) covering posterior part of caudal peduncle. FiG. 67.,—Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus (Pallas). Mr. Rutter secured at Karluk,-June 8-10, 1903, 18 very small specimens one-half to 1 inch long and 3 specimens 3.75 to 6 inches long. The 6-inch specimen had in its stomach 4 Blennicottus acuticeps, each 1.75 inches long and 1 Pholis ornatus 4 inches long. They were very little digested, the Pholis- ornatus scarcely at all. Another specimen (no. 2178), 20.5 inches long, collected by the Albatross at Kodiak Island in Uganuk Bay, 1897, differs from current description in that the pectoral does not reach the anal by a distance equal to length of second dorsal spine, and the preopercular spine is not longer but slightly shorter than diameter of eye. The collection contains 24 additional specimens collected by the Albatross at dates other than 1903. These vary from 2.75 to 18.5 inches in length, and were taken at Sucia Island; Promise Island; Mary Island; Nichols Bay; Hunters Bay; Niblacks Anchorage; Sitka; Litnik Bay; Uganuk Bay; Kyska Island, and Atka Island. Four small specimens were collected by Mr. M. C. Marsh at St. Paul Island in 1906. This species was originally described from the Aleutian Islands by Pallas (1811). Bean (1880) records it from Unalaska, and (1882) from Wrangell; Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Refuge Cove, Cook Inlet; St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Humboldt Harbor, Pirate Cove and Popof Island, Shumagins; Tliuliuk and Chernofski, Unalaska; Nazan Bay, Atka; Amchitka; Port Moller and Cape Lisburne; also (1884) from Mary Island; Makushin Bay; Unalaska Harbor; near mouth of Unalaska River; Shaw Bay, Unimak Island; and Herendeen Bay. Gilbert (1895) records it from a number of stations in Bristol Bay. Turner (1886) records it from the Aleutian Islands: Scofield (1899) from Chignik Bay; Rutter (1898) from Karluk, and Nelson (1886) from Unalaska. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 311 133. Myoxocephalus jaok (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Two specimens, 11 and 9.5 inches, respectively, collected at Tareinski Harbor, Kamchatka, June 21, 1901. The following description is taken from the larger example: Head 2.5 in length; depth 6.2; eye 6.5 in head; snout 3.75; maxillary 2.1; mandible 2.1; inter- orbital equal to eye; dorsal yur, 15; anal 14; pectoral 18; caudal with 9 forked rays; ventral 1,3; lateral line about 46. Body elongate, somewhat depressed anteriorly, terete posteriorly; caudal peduncle stout and short, flattish above and below; head long, its profile nearly straight, a depression between eyes and the sharp high nasal spines, a very prominent rounded projection between the latter, into which the premaxillary projects, the outline from this projection to snout straight and steep; snout somewhat acute; mouth large, gape extending to below middle of pupil; maxillary extending a distance equal to pupil beyond p« sterior margin or orbit, its breadth 1.3 in eye, its edge slipping somewhat under the preorbital and its body asa whole fitting into a depression in the cheek so that its surface is on a level with the cheek, thus matching the rest of the cheek in surface and color; maxillary inconspicuous; upper lip a broad, high fold, lying well back over the anterior edge of maxillary; teeth small, sharp, in broad villiform bands in jaws, the inner rows somewhat larger, sharper, these depressible and pointing backward; band of teeth in upper jaw interrupted by a narrow mesial fold; teeth on vomer in a rather large V-shaped patch, the teeth larger than those of jaws; palatines toothless; tongue large, bluntly round. Anterior nostril in front of eye and considerably below nasal spine, posterior nostril a prominent tube above and behind anterior nostril and midway between nasal spine and eye; interorbital space rather broad, concave, continuous with the somewhat broader and flatter occipital space; nasal spines high and sharp, supraoccipital ridges high, terminating posteriorly in a rather blunt conical postocular spine, this with a smaller tubercle in front, several short ridge-like tubercles be- hind them; parietal ridges prominent converging pos- teriorly, terminating in rather sharp backwardly pro- jecting spines, on the outer side of this ridge a concave depression bounded bya broken elevated ridge; subor- bital stay prominent, slender, long, striate, extending from beneath eye nearly to root of upper preopercular spine; preopercular spines 3, the upper much the longer, about equal to eye, pointing backward and _ Fia.68.—Myoxocephalus jaok (Cuvier & Valenciennes). slightly upward, covered with skin nearly to the tip; second spine conical, acute, not half as long as upper, pointing backward and somewhat outward; lower spine stout, short, pointing downward and forward; opercular spine short, stout, and sharp, terminating a long high ridge, which extends anteriorly almost to base of opercle, preopercular flap extending some distance beyond the spine; scapular spine short, sharp, and stout, terminating a high ridge, at the base of which isa small tubercle; gills with a long slit behind the last. Origin of spinous dorsal on a vertical with tip of scapular spine, the base 2.3 in head, the third spine longest, 3.6 in head, the membrane reaching nearly to the tips of the spines behind, somewhat scalloped between them, the margin of the fin straight, descending regularly from the third to eighth, which is very short and without free margin; space between spinous and soft dorsals 2 in eye, base of soft dorsal 1.5 in head, its rays about equal, except a few of the last, the longest rays 3.1 in head, none of the rays projecting beyond membrane; contour of fin somewhat rounded in front, upper margin straight; anal similar to soft dorsal, its origin under base of third dorsal ray, its base 2.1 in head, its median rays about 3.75 in head; caudal truncate, tips of the rays slightly projecting; pectoral broad, rounded, the rays stout and simple, the lower somewhat stouter and much shorter, acute, somewhat free at tips, the broad procurrent base well covered by the gill-membranes, length of fin 1.75 in head, its tip scarcely reach- ing vent; ventrals 3.1 in head, narrow, inner rays longest, tips reaching half way to vent. Body naked, a row of stellate disks above and quite near to lateral line, an irregular patch of similar but smaller disks in axillary region, extending backward in a single row, but becoming mere sharp prickles posteriorly; top and sides of head covered as far back as base of dorsal with small warty promi- nences, those in occipital region depressed and crater-like at the top, those in the latero-occipital pits rounded; no cirri. 312 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. General color in alcohol: Above brownish olivaceous, irregularly blotched and speckled with black, especially above the pectoral, belly white; head conspicuously speckled with black dots, especially on cheeks and interorbital; occiput dark, upper lip blackish, edge of lower lip black; pectoral irregu- larly mottled with black, the black spots tending to arrange themselves in crossbands; dorsals faintly mottled with dusky; caudal with 2 irregular faint cloudy bars; ventral with 3 black blotches, the ante- rior somewhat more distinct, these blotches tending to form 3 faint bars; ventrals pale; peritoneum silvery. : Another specimen, 15 inches long, from Albatross station 3250, Bering Sea, June 13, 1890, had the under part of the pectoral rays covered with sharp tubercles. No. 2408, a specimen 9 inches long, collected in Unalaska, July 2, 1900, while agreeing in general appearance with typical jaok, differs in having the supraoccipital tubercle elongated into a rather long, sharp ridge more or less rough on the edges and inclined to be broken up intoaseries of tubercles. This tubercle is apparently quite variable, as in another specimen the left tubercle is preceded by a smaller one. Previously recorded by Bean (1882), as Cottus humilis, from Chamisso Island, Eschscholtz Bay. Gil- bert (1895), St. Michael and Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean. Townsend (1887), Nushagak River; stations 3290, 3228 to 3230, 3233, 3244 to 3245, 3248 and 3250, all in Bristol Bay; Cape Prince of Wales. Nelson (1887), as Cottus teniopterus, St. Michael. Nelson (1887), as Cottus humilis, St. Michael. Turner (1886), as C. humilis, St. Michael. Scofield (1899), Port Clarence and Grantley Harbor. This species reaches a length of 18 inches and occurs in shallow water everywhere about Bering Sea, extending into the Arctic and south to the Amur River and Unalaska. Fic. 69.—Myoxocephalus verrucosus (Bean). 134. Myoxocephalus verrucosus (Bean). One example, 15 inches long, seined at Litnik Bay August 3, and another of same size collected by Luttrell at Sitka. This species was previously recorded from Unalaska and Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1893), and Kings Island, Port Clarence, and Grantley Harbor (Scofield 1896). One specimen from Litnik Bay has the following characters: Head 2.33 in length; depth 4.16; eye 6.4 in head; snout 3.5; maxillary 2.20; mandible .2.16; interorbital 1.1 in eye; dorsal x-16; anal 13; pectoral 18; branchiostegals 6. Body stout, tapering to stout caudal peduncle; both dorsal and ventral contours nearly straight; head large, flattened above, but not so manifestly depressed and widened as in many cottoids; mouth horizontal, rather large, the maxillary extending to posterior margin of pupil; mouth cavity large, somewhat dusky; armature of head poorly developed, the spines (nasals, postoculars, occipital and preopercular) short and blunt; short nasal tubes developed; top of head very warty; no filaments any- where; supraorbital and occipital filaments not present; dorsals not closely connected. General color darker than in description; the large white spots on belly are also found on pectoral and ventrals; the anal has white bars instead of spots: on the under side of some of the pectoral rays is a series of stiff tubercles, these also found on upper side of ventrals. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 313 135. Myoxocephalus axillaris (Gill). Nelson (1887), St. Michael, as Cottus avillaris. Scofield (1899), Port Clarence; Chignik and Heren- deen bays. Not seen by us. Fic. 70.—Myoxocephalus axillaris (Gill). 136. Myoxocephalus stelleri Tilesius. We have 3 specimens, 10.5 and 5.25 inches long, from Tareinski Harbor, Kamchatka, June 20, 1900, and one 10 inches long from Unalaska, July 2, 1900. Recorded from Point Barrow by Murdoch (1885) as Cottus decastrensis. Fig. 71.—Myoxocephalus stelleri Tilesius. 137. Myoxocephalus niger (Bean). We have in our collections 4 specimens 2 to 6 inches long taken by Mr. M. ©. Marsh at St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group, July, 1906. Originally described by Bean (1882) from St. Paul Island, Bering Fig. 72.—Myoxocephalus niger (Bean). Sea, and recorded by him from Sanborn, Shumagins; also recorded from St. Michael (Nelson 1887 as Cottus niger); and from the Pribilof Islands (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 314 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES, 138. Megalocottus platycephalus (Pallas). No. 2401, a female specimen 13 inches long, with minute eggs, collected at Tareinski Harbor, Kamchatka, June 21, 1900. This specimen appears to be M. platycephalus, though differing in some respects from current descriptions. Head 3 in length; depth 5; eye 6.2 in head; snout 4; maxillary 2; mandible 1.6; interorbital 3.3; dorsal 1x-14; anal 12; pectoral 16; caudal 11, 8 of them forked; ventral 3; lateral line 36. Body depressed anteriorly, subterete posteriorly, dorsal outline nearly straight and horizontal from tip of snout to tip of spinous dorsal when depressed, thence gradually sloping to base of caudal; ventral outline sloping rapidly upward from tip of lower jaw to gill-slits, from thence nearly straight; lower jaw long and projecting, cleft of mouth nearly vertical; contour viewed from above, coffin-shaped, or long kite-shaped, widening rapidly from the tip of the truncate lower jaw to the preopercular spines where it is broadest. from thence tapering gradually to the stoutish caudal peduncle. Head short, broad, and flat; a large flat, sunken hexagonal area extending from the nasal spines to the occiput, bounded on the sides by the high diverging supraocular and converging parietal ridges; the postocular tubercle high, large and blunt, pointing inward; occipital tubercle prominent, pear- shaped, pointing backward, ending in a stout sharp spine; preopercular spines covered with skin, upper longer than eye, curved upward and inward, second about half as long as first, third spine promi- nent but blunt, fourth strong, pointing downward and forward; suborbital stay narrow, striate and curved, upper opercular spine short, sharp, stout, almost concealed, pointing backward and downward at the end of a high ridge, the round flap reaching considerably beyond the spine; 2 prominent tubercles FIG. 73.—Megalocottus platycephalus (Pallas). at top of gill-slit, these sometimes spinous, and one or more stout suprascapular spines; a strong humeral spine; teeth in strong villiform bands in jaw, a large patch on vomer, none on palatines; tongue large, rounded and prominent; a well-developed symphesial knob; maxillary extending to posterior margin of pupil; a deep cleft behind last gill, slit minute. Spinous dorsal beginning a distance about equal to snout behind tip of gill-flap, its base 1.5 in head, its fourth spine longest, 2.5 in head, its margin rounded, distance between it and soft dorsal equal to eye, latter high, largest ray 1.5 in head, its base 1.1 in head, its margin rounded, somewhat acute behind, the last rays somewhat produced; caudal truncate, 1.5 in head; origin of anal below fourth dorsal ray, base 1.3 in head, rays stout, margin some- what emarginate (scalloped), longest rays about 2.1 in head; pectoral very broad, the lowest rays short and stout, membrane between them deeply incised, general outline rounded, upper ray short, base procurrent along the edge of gill opening, length slightly longer than head, tip barely reaching origin of anal; ventrals acute, outer ray stout, inner produced, length 1.2 in head, tips not reaching vent by a distance greater than snout; skin naked; top of head warty, sides naked, no flaps anywhere; a row of prominent prickly tubercles between lateral line and dorsal; a few irregular small tubercles in a row beneath lateral line posteriorly. Color in alcohol: Above uniform brown, sides below olivaceous, belly white; lower lip and chin uniform black; membranes of upper lip dusky, lower side of lower lip white, the exposed portion all black; isthmus and edge of gill-cavity dusky; vertical fins irregularly mottled and blotched white and brown; inside of pectoral marked with broad brown and narrower white crossbars, outside similarly marked but notso distinctly; ventral with 2 or 3 irregular brown crossbars with narrow white interspaces; peritoneum white. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 3815 These characters are probably sexual or are explained by the large size of this specimen. The collection contains also no. 2394 and 137, 8.5 and 7.5 inches long, collected at Petropaulski, 1900; no. 2404, a specimen 9.5 inches long, no locality, probably off Kamchatka. Fic. 74.—Megalocottus laticeps (Gilbert). 139. Megalocottus laticeps (Gilbert). Described originally (Gilbert 1895) from Nushagak River and Herendeen Bay. Recorded (a; Cottus teniopterus) by Bean (1882) from Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean; Hagmeister Island, Bering Seas and St. Michael. Turner (1886), Norton Sound, and Scofield (1899), Port Clarence. No specimens obtained by us. FiG. 75.—Zesticelus profundorum (Gilbert). 140. Zesticelus profundorum (Gilbert). Originally described by Gilbert (1895) as Acanthocottus profundorum from station 3329, north of Unalaska. 316 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 141. Thecopterus aleuticus Smith. Described from Albatross station 3785, in Bering Sea, 150 miles north of Rat Islands, at a depth of 270 fathoms. Only the type known. Fig. 76.—Thecopterus aleuticus Smith. Type. 142. Dasycottus setiger Bean. One specimen 3.25 inches long, collected by the Albatross at station 3602, Bering Sea; 36 specimens from 1.2 to 8 inches in length from stations 4223 in 48 fathoms; 4237 in 194 fathoms; 4248 in 71 fathoms; 4250 in 66 fathoms; 4254 in 45 fathoms; 4275 in 35 fathoms; 4280 in 32 fathoms; 4281 in 42 fathoms; 4286 in 57 fathoms; 4287 in 66 fathoms; 4288 in 67 fathoms; 4290 in 99 fathoms; 4295 in 92 fathoms; 4296 in 35 fathoms. Besides the above, specimens were seen at stations 4191, 4220, and 4298. Fic. 77.—Dasycottus setiger Bean. In the young (1 inch) the eye is round, not elongate; spines on head not so prominent, color darker. Originally described by Bean (1891) from Albatross station 2855, off Sitkalidak Island. Recorded SoS from stations 3216, 3257, 3310, 3311, and 3324, north and south of the Alaskan Peninsula and north of Unalaska Island (Gilbert 1895), and off Karluk (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 143. Malacocottus zonurus Bean. The collection contains the following specimens of this species: 4 from station 4253, 1 from station 4232, 3 from station 4230, 1 from station 4198, and 1 from station 4292. Others were seen at St. Mary’s Mission, mouth of Oat Bay, at Boca de Quadra, and at Kasaan Bay. These specimens range in length THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 317 from 2.75 to 7.5 inches, and agree well with current descriptions. The key in Fishes of North and Middle America, however, is defective, in that it would require this genus to have the gill-membranes free from the isthmus, which, of course, is not the case. Originally described by Bean (1891) from Albatross station 2853, off Trinity Islands. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3227, 3330, and 3331, north of Unalaska, and from stations 3337 and 3339, south of Unima Pass. 144. Porocottus sellaris (Gilbert). Described by Gilbert (1895) as Acanthocottus sellaris, from stations 3229 to 3234, 3244, 3247, and 5300, all in Bristol Bay. 145. Porocottus quadrifilis Gill. Recorded from St. Michael and Kegiktowik (Nelson 1887). 146. Porocottus bradfordi Rutter. The collection contains 27 specimens collected at Karluk Beach, June 8-10, 1903, and no. 2223, also from Karluk, 1903. Originally described by Rutter (1899) from Karluk. 147. Oncocottus quadricornis (Linnus). Recorded from Point Barrow and Meade River (Murdoch 1885), and St. Michael (Nelson 1887), as Cottus quadricornis. Fig. 78.—Oncocottus quadricornis (Linnzus). 148. Oncocottus hexacornis (Richardson). (Pl. xvu, fig. bo Recorded from Herschel Island and Grantley Harbor (Scofield 1896). We have 3 specimens which we provisionally identify with this species: no. 90, 91, and 92, 8 to 9 inches long, collected by Dr. Gilbert from a salmon trap at Graveyard Point, Kvichak River, near Koggiung, July 16, 1903. Head 3.16 in length; depth 5.75; eye 6.8 in head; snout 4.75; maxillary 2; mandible 1.9; inter- orbital 6; dorsal vi1—-14; anal 14; ventral1, 3; pectoral 17; branchiostegals 6. We have also a specimen 2 feet long, no. 2179, collected by the Albatross in Uganik Bay, Kodiak Island. As it differs somewhat from the above and from current descriptions of the species, we give a full description of it: Head 2.75 inlength; depth 5.25; eye (orbit) 8.55 in head (orbital rim 6.2); snout 3.3; maxillary 1.66; mandible 2; interorbital broader than length of orbit but not equal to orbital cavity, 2 in snout; dorsal 1x-14; anal 13; pectoral 19; ventral 1, 3; caudal 9 forked rays; branchiostegals 6. Body elongate; ventral outline straight; dorsal outline from tip of snout to end of spinous dorsal gently arched and slightly bulging, from there to base of caudal straight, the head, however, slightly depressed; posterior part of body somewhat compressed; caudal peduncle rather long but stout, its length 1.1 in snout, its depth about half its length. Head large and broad, the snout rather blunt, its anterior profile a straight slope from the prominent tubercle of the premaxillary pedicel; mouth wide and capacious, the gape extending to below pupil, the 318 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. maxillary to posterior margin of orbit rather narrow, its width at end about 1.5 in orbit; mouth oblique, the upper edge of premaxillary below level of lower margin of orbit; teeth in jaws in broad villiform bands, the band of lower jaw a trifle broader behind, that in upper jaw widening in front, terminating on each side of the symphysis as a rounded lobe, a narrow mesial toothless ridge in each jaw; teeth of both jaws immovable, pointing inward; vomer witha broad V-shaped band of teeth, the arms of the V rounded; no teeth on palatines; lower jaw included, its band of teeth shutting inside those of the upper jaw; premaxillary separated from maxillary by a deep furrow; upper lip a narrow continuous ridge, followed by a high ridge of skin, which usually les back toward the maxillary; lower lip a high thin fold at the sides, growing thicker in front and interrupted mesially by a broad frenum; a rather prominent, rounded knob at symphysis of lower jaw. Gill-membrane forming a rather thick but shallow fold across the isthmus; gills 4, the slit behind the fourth represented by a very small pore on the left side, on the right no opening evident; gillrakers represented by broad, low, rounded tubercles, which are very hispid and rough to the touch, like shagreen; head with a few spines and various ridges; nasal spines short, stout, sharp, pointing backward, the distance between them about two-thirds orbit; supraocular ridge beginning as a large raised area in front of eye, continued backward as a blunt high ridge, widening posteriorly and terminating in a rather high rough postocular tubercle which ends abruptly; at the base of this, two diverging short ridges between which rise the prominent supraoccipital ridges, these converging backward to the base of the occiput, where each ends in a raised elongate very rough tubercle much like those behind the eye; a broad, diverging, smooth, blade-shaped ridge extending from the supraoccipital tubercles nearly to upper angle of gill-slit, and from the posterior end of this ridge, rising at a sudden angle, a posteriorly projecting ridge which ends in the stout, short, scapular spine; a long low ridge below the eye, and another back and behind eye, pointing downward; suborbital stay prominent, running backward nearly to the base of the upper preopercular spine; a high broken ethmoidal ridge running across upper part of cheek, extending from behind eye toward top of gill-slit, and a prominent ridge from a break in its center toward the base of the upper preopercular spine. Preopercular spines 4, the upper stout, about as long as orbit, straight, pointing outward and back- ward, covered nearly to the tip with skin, which is warty or rough papillose at its base; second spine not quite half so long, pointing downward and outward; third spine a prominent tubercle; fourth; stout, sharp, pointing downward and forward, rather remote from the others; opercular spine short and sharp, nearly covered with skin, terminating a long, prominent, striate, rather curved ridge, which is parallel with the upper edge of the opercular flap; opercular flap long, rather thin, extending upward and backward and beyond the spine for a distance nearly equal to diameter of orbit. Spinous dorsal high, its general contour rounded, its membrane roundly scalloped between the spines, spines long, slender and sharp, the longest (fourth) 3.75 in head, the two spines in front closely approximated, the others rather remote (distance about one-half orbit), the posterior spines shortest, origin of dorsal above suprascapular spine; base 2.25 in head, nearly equal to snout and orbit; interval between spinous and soft dorsal conspicuous, about two-thirds orbit; base of soft dorsal 1.9 in head, its rays long, stout, conspicuously ringed, none of them branched, a few of the anterior shorter, the contour of the fin gently rounded in front and behind, the median portion straight, the margin gently scalloped, the rays not produced, longest rays nearly equal to snout; anal similar in outline to soft dorsal, its membrane, however, considerably thicker, the rays firmer and stouter, ending in rather stout tips; origin of anal below fourth anal ray, anal base equal to a distance from tip of snout to posterior margin of orbit; pectoral very broad, the base procurrent, close to and parallel with the edge of the gill-opening, nearly all the rays, especially the lower, very thick and stout, almost club-shaped and projecting slightly as blunt points beyond the membrane, the lowest very short, gradually lengthening to the first from the uppermost, the uppermost a trifle shorter than second; the three upper rays somewhat slender, displaying the articulations, the others not; longest ray (second) equal to distance from tip of snout to a little beyond posterior margin of orbit, the tip of the fin reaching to end of base of first dorsal but not quite reaching vent; ventral rays and membrane exceedingly thick, the inner ray somewhat the longer, the fin somewhat acute, the greatest length equal to length of snout, the tips reaching about half-way to vent from their base; caudal truncate, fan-shaped, the tips of the forked rays extending beyond tips of membrane as closely approximated points, two near together; peritoneum dusky. No scales, nearly all of upper part of head as well as tip of maxillary covered with minute wartlike elevations, the lower part of the cheek and a patch above suborbital stay and backward and downward Plate XVII. Bull.U. S. B. F. 1906. '(NOSGHYVHOIY) SINNOOVXSH SNLLODOONO “G *(SANNZIONSIVA ® YSIAND) YSDIAVIO SAYHAONA “L THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 319 from the eye smooth; a patch of minute tubercles along each side of suborbital stay; warts on opercle above opercular ridge minute and collected into patches; below this ridge they are round and flat, collected somewhat into chainlike bands, small patches of minute tubercles extending backward and away from each segment of the lateral line, giving it a somewhat feathery appearance; a line of these small projections terminates the lateral line at the base of the caudal fin; lateral line chainlike, of about 47 jointlike segments. Color in alcohol dark brown above, much mottled with irregular, small, thickly set white blotches, this color extending up somewhat on the base of the fin membranes; lower half of side paler, consisting of a white ground clouded over with minute brown punctulations; ventral surface, including chin and breast, white; upper lip, maxillary, and membranes of upper jaw slaty blue; dorsal fins irregularly blotched with patches of white and dark brown, the margin of each fin, particularly the soft dorsal, inclined to be wholly white; caudal membranes light at base, the rays dark, this dark color broadening outwardly, making a dark brown band parallel with the edge of the fin, its distal border slightly wavy, its proximal border deeply incised by sharp patches of white projecting out between the rays, the outer margin of the fin wholly white; anal white with 3 dark vertical bars about half as wide as eye, these about equal distances apart, the projecting tips of the rays always white; ventrals pale, mostly cloudy, crossed with indistinct bars of lighter; pectorals dark brown, a few round small spots of white arranged roughly in the form of bars; a narrow margin of the fin wholly white, the upper edge of the fin showing brown regularly crossed by small white dots. Specimen described a female containing a few small eggs. This fish has a close general resemblance to Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus. The presence of a fourth preopercular spine, however, removes it from that genus. The character of the gill slit resembles that of Myoxocephalus, but the fourth preopercular spine and other minor characters place it better with Oncocottus. Our specimen possesses many characters common to both genera, however, and it may be found that characters which have been considered generic in small individuals disappear in larger ones. The gill slit, for instance, is present on one side and absent on the other in this specimen. Fic. 79.—Gymnocanthus pistilliger (Pallas) 149. Gymnocanthus pistilliger (Pallas). We have in the collection a specimen 4 inches long, collected at Tareinski Harbor, Kamchatka, June 21,1900. This species has also been recorded by Bean (1882) from Kyska Harbor and Point Belcher. Gilbert (1895), Bristol Bay at stations 3230 to 3233, 3237 to 3246, 3289, 3291, 3296, and 3300. Scofield (1899), Port Clarence. 150. Gymnocanthus galeatus Bean. ‘Head 3 in length; depth 6; eye 3.6 in head; dorsal x1t-16; anal 18; pectoral 19; maxillary 2.4; interorbital 3.1. The collection contains 25 specimens 1.5 to 11.5 inches long from the following places: Atka Island, 1894; stations 3598, in Bering Sea, and 3653, off Shana, Iturup Island; Akutan Bay; station 4253, Stephens Passage, and with hook and line in Shakan Bay. The specimen (no. 2913) from station 4253 is a female with very small eggs. 320 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Originally described by Bean (1882) from Hiuliuk, Unalaska, and also recorded by him from off Cape Sabine, Arctic Ocean, and from Steamer Bay, Chacan, and Sitka. Chernofski Harbor, Unalaska Island (Gilbert 1895). Port Clarence (Townsend 1887). Point Barrow (Scofield 1899). St. Paul Island (Palmer). Fic. 80.—Gymnocanthus galeatus Bean. 151. Leptocottus armatus Girard. The collection contains 52 specimens 1.75 to 12 inches long from the following places: Karluk; Gabriola Island; Union Bay; Marrowstone Point; Kilisut Harbor; Mink Arm; Yes Bay; Dundas Bay; Snug Harbor; Yakutat; Hunter Bay; Loring; and Promise Island. Specimens were also seen at Dundas Bay; Nanaimo; Fort Rupert; Metlakahtla; Boca de Quadra; Karta Bay; Sucia Island; Seattle; and Alert Bay. A specimen (no. 2792) 8.75 inches long, gives the following data: Head 2.8 in body; depth 4.75; eye 6 in head; interorbital 5.5; maxillary 2.1; dorsal vu1-17; anal 19; pectoral 18. The young are exceedingly mottled, and usually with 2 very small white spots on shoulder which disappear with age. Fic. 81.—Leptocottus armatus Girard. A specimen 1.5 inches long collected at Promise Island, October 3, 1894, is the smallest specimen we have. It differs somewhat from mature specimens in color, having 3 dark saddle-like crossbars, the first under anterior part of spinous dorsal; second under anterior part and third under posterior part of soft dorsal. Mature specimens can usually be readily recognized by the palmate appearance of the preopercular spines; in successively smaller specimens these gradually become more pinnate. The species is recorded by Bean (1882) from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; and St. Paul, Kodiak Island. Rutter (1899), Karluk. 152. Oligocottus maculosus Girard. The collection contains 13 specimens from Otter Bay, Pendar Island, 1895; 13 specimens from Kilisut Harbor, 108 from Marrowstone Point, 88 from Gabriola Island, 54 from Fort Rupert, 15 from Shakan Bay, and 16 from Point Ellis; no. 2225, a specimen 3 inches long, and 203 specimens collected THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 321 by Mr. Rutter at Karluk in 1903; 19 specimens collected in 1903 in Naha Bay by Mr. Chamberlain, who also collected 2 specimens in Yes Bay in 1905. This species has been recorded (Bean 1882) from Sitka; Alexandroysk, Cook Inlet; Wrangell; Mary Island and Tongass (Bean 1884), and Karluk (Rutter 1899). Fig. 82.—Oligocottus maculosus Girard. 153. Sigmistes caulias Rutter. Originally described by Rutter (1899) from Karluk. Fig. 83.—Sigmistes caulias Rutter. Type. 154. Blennicottus acuticeps (Gilbert). Head 3.75 in length; depth 5; eye 3.9 in head; snout 4; maxillary 2.5; mandible 2; dorsal vur-15; anal 11; pectoral 13; ventral 1, 3; branchiostegals 6. Body rather elongate, the dorsal contour arched under the spinous dorsal, tapering behind to a slender caudal peduncle, the least depth of which equals eye; head rather small, its upper profile arched; mouth small, horizontal, maxillary reaching to anterior margin of orbit; teeth in viliform bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; interorbital rather narrow. concave; snout rather sharp and pointed; nasal spines present, rather strong: one pair of supraorbital and two pairs of occipital cirri, these rather long; preopercle with only one (the upper) spine present, this covered with skin—when exposed it is seen to be rather sharp and stout, curved upward; gill-membranes forming a broad fold across isthmus; no evident slit behind last gill-arch; a rather strong suprascapular spine; spinous dorsal rather high, of uniform height, the slender spines (3 in head) united to their tips by the thin transparent membrane, the base of spinous dorsal a trifle longer than head; soft dorsal somewhat lower, its rays longer than spines, 2.1 in head, but slanting backward when fin is extended; base of soft dorsal 2.75 in head; the anal about the same length; pectoral long, graduated, the lowest rays short and stout, free at the ends and hooked, the fin extending beyond origin of anal, nearly as long as head; ventral 1.5 in head, rather long and narrow, extending beyond vent and nearly to base of anal; caudal somewhat narrow, rounded, its length 1.2 in head. B.B. F. 1906—21 322 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Color in alcohol slaty blue above, gradually fading to dusky white below; a dusky patch at front edge of dorsal; anal and lower rays of caudal speckled; pectorals dusky; ventrals and soft dorsal plain. The collection contains 227 specimens varying from 1.5 to 2.5 inches. Two of these were collected by the Albatross in 1894, one in Promise Bay and the other at Atka Island. One isa female containing mature eggs the size of mustard seed. The other specimens were collected by Mr. Rutter on the beach at Karluk, June 8-10, 1903. The following counts of 159 specimens collected at Karluk show the variations in the anal rays: Seven have 13 anal rays, 106 have 12 anal rays, 45 have 11 anal rays, and 1 has 10 anal rays. These also show great variation in color and in markings, the ground color varying from plain olivaceous to rosy, and some being almost plain, others much speckled and mottled. In all these specimens the 2 black blotches on spinous dorsal are present, but they vary in size and distinctness. In many the tips of the spines project slightly as minute filaments, and the fin is not evenly rounded, being higher in front. In embrywm the fin is not so high, but is rounded, being higher in the center. This species can not be separated from B. embrywm on the number of the anal rays, as both frequently have 11, embryuwm usually having 10 or 11 and acuticeps varying from 10 to 13. Described by Gilbert (1893) as Oligocottus acuticeps, from Unalaska. Recorded by Rutter (1899), as Oxycottus acuticeps, from Karluk. 155. Blennicottus globiceps (Girard). Recorded by Bean (1881) as Oligocottus globiceps, from the following places: Sitka; Shahafka Cove, Kodiak Island; Adak and Amchitka. 156. Blennicottus embryum (Jordan & Starks). Three specimens (nos. 02224 and 02227), each about 1.75 inches long, collected by Mr. Rutter at Karluk early in July; and 64 specimens 1 to 2.75 inchés long, collected by him at Karluk, June 8-10, 1903. Head 3.33 in length; depth 4.8; eye 3.2 in head; snout 3; maxillary 2.5; mandible 3; interorbital 1.25; dorsal 1x, 15; anal 10; branchiostegals 6; pectoral 14; ventral 1, 4; pores about 34 (?). Fic. 84.—Blennicottus embryum (Jordan & Starks). Type. Body somewhat elongate, tapering to a rather slender caudal peduncle, the depth of which is some- what more than diameter of orbit; head rather small, compressed, the profile rounded; mouth horizontal, quite small; tip of maxillary reaching slightly beyond anterior margin of orbit; teeth minute, on jaws, vomer, and palatines; nasal spines rather stout; interorbital space rather narrow, concave; apparently no slit behind last gill-opening; preopercular spine single, covered with skin; when dissected out, it is seen to be simple, short, stout, sharp, and slightly curved upward. Spinous dorsal rather low, rounded, its longest spine about 3 in head, its base about equal to head; longest dorsal ray about 1.6 in head; base of soft dorsal about 2.66 in body; pectoral rather broad, acute, about 1.5 times head and extending beyond origin of anal; ventrals long and slender, 1.3 in head, reaching beyond vent nearly to anal; anal papilla prominent in the male. Color in alcohol: Six saddle-shaped blackish blotches along dorsal, reaching about to lateral line, pale roundish spots between these; lower part of body and all fins but ventrals finely mottled. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 323 157. Blennicottus clarki Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Head 2.75 in length; depth 5.5; eye 3.3 in head; snout 4.3; dorsal vr-12; anal 12; pectoral 21; ven- tral 1, 3; branchiostegals 6. Body elongate, slightly compressed, tapering gradually from occiput to narrow caudal peduncle, the least depth of caudal peduncle 1.5 in eye and 2 in its length; vent median, much nearer base of anal than base of ventral. Head rather large, somewhat depressed; snout bluntly rounded from above, its anterior profile gently rounded; mouth horizontal, tip of premaxillary below lower margin of orbit, maxillary reaching vertical at middle of pupil; teeth minute on jaws, those on vomer and palatines barely discernible; nasal spine short, sharp, and weak; interorbital very narrow, not evidently concave, about 4 in eye; occiput with 2 faint ridges, area between them somewhat concave; opercle thickened above, ending behind Fig. 85.—Blennicottus clarki Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type. in a round lobe; 2 preopercular spines, the upper simple, stout, curving upward and inward, covered with membrane, the lower, on lower limb of preopercle, short, directed downward and forward; no: evident nasal cirri, and none evident on lateral line; a strong cirrus on tip of maxillary, a small one near base of upper preopercular spine, and a small one on opercular flap, one on shoulder above base of pectoral, rest of body smooth without further cirri or other prickles. Origin of dorsal over upper base of pectoral, spines rather high, second, third, and fourth highest, about 1.4 in head, free at tip, the tips slightly club-shaped; interval between spines very short; soft dorsal nearly as high as spinous dorsal, the middle rays highest, about 2 in head; caudal rounded, long and narrow, 1.3 in head; anal similar to soft dorsal; ventrals long and narrow, reaching nearly to vent, 2 in head; pectoral broad and falcate, upper rays longest, reaching beyond origin of anal, its base strongly procurrent, parallel with gill-cleft and close behind it, length from lower edge of axil to tip about 1.1 in head. Color in alcohol brownish-olivaceous on upper part of side, mottled with small white spots; occipt- tal and interorbital region darkest, region above lateral line light olivaceous; an indistinct darker bar 324 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. under spinous and a similar one under middle of soft dorsal, a dark blotch at base of caudal; dorsal, caudal, and pectoral indistinctly blotched and mottled with brown, these tending to form bands; a dark area at base of pectoral; anal and ventral plain. This species is most closely related to Blennicottus acuticeps, from which it differs markedly in having a blunter snout, narrower interorbital, larger head and eye; fewer dorsal spines and rays; no nasal cirri and none on lateral line. j Type no. 57824 U. S$. National Museum, a specimen 2 inches long, collected by the Albatross at station 3598, Bering Sea, June 8, 1894. We have 1 other specimen, 1.2 inches long, from same place. Named for our friend and associate, Mr. If. Walton Clark, of the Bureau of Fisheries, in recogni- tion of his valuable assistance in the preparation of this report. Fic. $6.—Histiocottus bilobus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). 158. Histiocottus bilobus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). We have 4 specimens 9 to 10 inches long from Karluk; 1 specimen 6 inches long from station 4259; and another 6 inches long, Tongass Narrows, October 28, 1905. It is recorded by Bean from St. Paul, Kodiak, as Blepsias bilobus. Fic. 87.—Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas). 159. Blepsias cirrhosus ( Pallas). Ninety-five specimens of this species were taken at various points from Puget Sound to Kodiak Island. They range in length from 1.25 to 7.5 inches and were taken at the following places: Mar- rowstone Point; Kilisut Harbor; Fox Bay; Alert Bay; Cleveland Passage; Metlakatla; Killisnoo, and on the beach at Karluk. A female 6 inches long, seined at Marrowstone Point June 29, was ripe with THE FISHES OF ALASKA, 325 eggs of good size (larger than shad eggs) and of bright rosin color. Fifty-six of the specimens were taken at Karluk by Mr. Rutter. These were 1.25 to 1.8 inches long, and the dorsal counts in many of them were Iv, u1t-24; the young have a distinct color pattern, showing the pale blotches on fins very distinctly. These blotches are not so distinct on larger examples, indicating that the young are much more bril- liantly colored. Recorded by Bean (1882) from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Iliuliuk and Chernofski, Unalaska; Bay of Islands, Adak; Kyska, and St. Paul Island. Gilbert (1895), Unalaska. 160. Nautiscus pribilovius Jordan & Gilbert. Recorded by Bean (1882) from Unalaska, Adak, Kyska, and St. Paul, Kodiak Island, as Nawtichthys oculofasciatus; under the same name by Gilbert (1895) from Bristol Bay and south of the Alaskan Pen- insula at stations 3213, 3217, 3220, 3222, 3231, to 3234, 3236, 3246, 3274, 3281, 3290 to 3294, 3296, 3300, and 3302. The species was described by Jordan & Gilbert in 1899, the type coming from St. George Island and a cotype from Unalaska. 161. Nautichthys oculofasciatus ((irard). One specimen 4 inches long from station 4209, Admiralty Inlet; 1 specimen 4.3 inches long from station 4219, mouth of Oak Bay. 162. Ulca marmorata (Bean). A specimen (no, 2917) 12.5 inches long from station 4255, Chilkoot Inlet, is described as follows: Head 2.6 in length; depth 5; eye 5.5 in head; snout 4; maxillary 1.5; mandible 1.28; interorbital 2.5; length of middle pectoral rays 1.5; second dorsal spine, including filament, 2.5; longest dorsal ray 2.6; caudal 2; longest anal rays 2.7; ventrals 3.1. Head very broad, depressed, the body tapering gradually to the slender caudal peduncle; mouth large, oblique, the maxillary extending beyond pupil; the mandible strongly projecting; teeth very strong on jaws, vomer, palatines, premaxillaries, and tongue, many of them enlarged and canine-like; head very rough, with numerous large bluntish spines, those on supraocular and occiput largest and strongest; one large blunt spine at upper angle of opercle followed by a long curved ridge; preopercle with 4 blunt diverging spines, the second one from top longest; opercle with a strong ridge; interorbital very broad and concave; body everywhere, especially above, covered with low blunt tubercles; under parts with soit tubercles; lower jaw with numerous cirri, some of them branched, nearly equaling eye in length; numerous smaller cirri on upper part of head and anterior part of body. Fins well developed, dorsal spines long, ending in filaments; soft dorsal higher than spinous portion; anal rays somewhat enlarged; pectoral very large, nearly reaching beginning of anal. Besides this large specimen the collection contains 4 smaller ones, as follows: One 1.8 inches long, dredged at station 4270, Litnik Bay; one 2.25 inches long, dredged at station 4281, Chignik Bay; one 2.6 inches long, dredged at station 4279, Alitak Bay; one 3 inches long dredged at station 4293. Originally described by Bean (1891), as Hemitripterus marmoratus, from Albatross station 2855, off Sitkalidak Island. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) under the same name from stations 3224, 3257, 3258, and 3311 in Bering Sea, north of Unalaska Island. 163. Hemitripterus cavifrons Lockington. We have in the collection a single specimen 8.5 inches long, collected by the Albatross at Petro- paulski, June 20, 1903. Recorded by Bean (1882) from Kodiak as Hemitripterus americanus. 164. Synchirus gilli Bean. One specimen 1.5 inches long picked off an anemone at Quarantine Dock, Port Townsend, June 27, 1903. Dorsal rx-20; anal 20. No spiny tubercles on lateral line; no series of spiny scales along dorsal base. 326 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 165. Psychrolutes paradoxus (riinther. Righty-seven specimens, from 0.75 to 2.4 inches long, were secured by the Albatross in Otter Bay, May 31, 1895, and at stations 4223, 4228, 4257, 4270, 4271, 4273, 4274, 4275, 4283, 4285, 4290, 4291. These stations range from Puget Sound to Kodiak Island. Recorded by Bean (i882) from Kodiak Island. Gilbert (1895), as Psychrolutes zebra, from stations 3213, 3215, to 3217, 3219, 3222, to 3225, 3257 to 3259, 3263, 3265, 3272, 3310, 3311, 3313, 3322, 3334, in shallow water south of the Alaskan Peninsula, thence west to and through Unimak Pass, along the northern shore of Unalaska Island and in Bristol Bay. Under the same name by Bean (1891) from station 2848, between Unga and Nagai islands. Jordan & Gilbert (1899), stations 3640 off St. Paul Island and 3674 off Kodiak Island at Karluk. Fig. 88.—Psychrolutes paradoxus Giinther. 166. Gilbertidia sigolutes (Jordan & Starks). Head 2.7 in length; depth 3; eye 4.7 in head, equaling snout; interorbital 2; width of mouth 2; dorsal v1, 21; anal 15; pectoral 15; ventral 3. Body short and tadpole-like, tapering rapidly from the very large head to the narrow caudal peduncle; head very large, globular; snout short and evenly rounded; interorbital very broad, gently convex; mouth large, broad, jaws subequal; maxillary slender, weak, reaching front of eye; teeth in jaws weak, apparently in a single row; vomer and palatines toothless. Dorsal fin much larger than anal, partly concealed by loose skin; spinous dorsal entirely obliterated except the tips of the last 3 Fig. 89.—Gilbertidia sigolutes (Jordan & Starks). spines, which project above the skin as mere tubercles; origin of anal nearly under fourth dorsal ray; tips of last dorsal and anal rays overlapping base of caudal fin; caudal fin evenly rounded; pectoral well developed, its upper rays longest, reaching origin of anal fin, the lower rays somewhat enlarged, their tips free; ventrals small, short, barely reaching vent; nostrils with conspicuous nasal flaps; lower jaw, side of head, and side of body above pectoral fin with conspicuous mucous pores. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 327 Color in alcohol, brownish white; the back in front of dorsal crossed by a broad bluish band; region under pectorals and ventrals bluish; head everywhere above finely punctate with brownish; under part of head whitish; fins all plain bluish white. One specimen, 2.5 inches long, was dredged at station 4256, in 73 fathoms, in Chilkoot Inlet, July 16, 1903, and a specimen 1,); inches long, at station 4257, off Funter Bay. Two specimens, each about 1.5 inches long, were seined at Loring, April 25, 1903, by Mr. Chamberlain. Family 34. RHAMPHOCOTTID. 167. Rhamphocottus richardsoni (Giinther. The collection contains the following specimens: Two collected by the Albatross in Straits of Fuca (1891); 2 seined at mouth of Hood Canal; 5 from stations 4197, 4204, 4205, 4209, 4212. These differ from current descriptions in that the tubercles are simple and prickly, but not bifid or trifid. Dorsal spines not always vu, sometimes vur, and in one case viI-1; first pectoral rays and the dorsal rays prickly for their whole length; black spot not always present on all the dorsal rays. There are numerous tubercles on upper half of membrane of eye. This species was recorded from St. Paul, Kodiak Island, by Bean (1882). Fic. 909—Rhamphocottus richardsoni Giinther. Family 35. AGONIDA. The Sea-Poachers. 168. Hypsagonus quadricornis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Specimens from 1.5 to 2 inches long were taken in 1903 at the following Albatross stations: 4204, 4205-7, 4212, 4268, 4284, one specimen being taken at each station. The species was also seen at Fort Rupert and Admiralty Inlet. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay at stations 3213, 3214, 3217, 3220, 3223, 3224, 3262, and 3322. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. oo bo 169. Occa dodecaedron (Tilesius). Recorded by Nelson (1887) from Unalaklik and by Gilbert (1895), as Brachyopsis dodecaedrus, from Bristol Bay at stations 3239, 3240, 3242, and 3248. Fic. 91.—Occa dodecaedron (Tilesius). 170. Pallasina barbata (Steindachner). Twelve specimens, 2.25 to 4 inches long, seined in Funter Bay; one, 4.75 inches long, seined in Kilisut Harbor; two, 3.8 and 5 inches long, seined in Cleveland Passage; all collected by the Albatross in 1903. These specimens might just as well be called P. aix, except for the 3 or more rows of plates (some- times 2) on median line in front of ventrals. P. atv is said to have but 2 and the neighboring plates small. These specimens have 2 or 3, and the other plates small or large. The barbel is short, in barbata it should be long. Recorded as Siphagonus barbata (Bean 1882) from Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Unalaska; Port Clarence. Albatross stations 3239, 3240, 3242 to 3245, and 3258, all in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1893). Tliuliuk, Unalaska (Turner 1886). Port Clarence (Scofield 1897). Fig. 92.—Pallasina barbata (Steindachner). 171. Pallasina aix Starks. Recorded from Chignik Bay (Scofield 1899). 172. Podothecus acipenserinus (Tilesius). Thirteen specimens, 2 to 5.5 inches, no label, but probably from Alaska; ten, 3 to 8.5 inches long, collected by the Albatross at stations 3598, 3600, and at Port Ludlow; twenty-five, 4.5 to 8 inches long, collected by the Albatross in 1903 at stations 4270 to 4272, 4276, and 4296; also at Marrowstone Point, and seined at Quarantine Station; one specimen taken at Yes Bay by the Albatross in 1905. Fig. 93.—Podothecus acipenserinus (Tilesius). In most of the specimens the plates on caudal peduncle have spines, which is contrary to current descriptions. The color also is different in our specimens; in most of them the black streaks between plates are absent; the 3 black bars on caudal peduncle and the one under anterior part of soft dorsal are not noted in current descriptions. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 329 Originally described by Tilesius from Unalaska. Island; Unalaska; Cape Lisburne; Arctic Ocean. and in Bristol Bay by Gilbert (1895). Recorded by Bean (1882) from St. Paul, Kodiak From many stations (44) around the Aleutian Islands From St. Paul Island by Townsend (1887). Fig. 94.—Averruncus emmelane Jordan & Starks. 173. Averruncus emmelane Jordan «& Starks. One specimen, 6.25 inches long, dredged at station 4222, mouth of Hood Canal. Only 2 other specimens known. They were taken in a seine near Port Orchard, Puget Sound, by E. ©. Starks. Fig. 95.—Sarritor frenatus Gilbert. 174. Sarritor frenatus Gilbert. Six specimens, 2.5 to 10.5 inches long, collected by the Albatross at stations 3598, 3599, 4290, and 4292. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) as Odontopyvis frenatus from Albatross stations 3219, 3225 to 3227, 3255 to 3258, 3263, 3269, 3279, 3282, 3309, 3311, 3313, and 3330, located on both sides of the Alaskan Peninsula and both north and south of the Aleutian Chain. 175. Sarritor leptorhynchus ((rilbert). Seven specimens, 3.25 to 4.5 inches long, were dredged at stations 4268, 4279, 4283, 4285, and 4286. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north and south of the-Alaskan Peninsula at stations 3215, 3219, 3222, 3229, 3259, 3265, and 3267. Fic. 96.—Bathyagonus nigripinnis Gilbert 176. Bathyagonus nigripinnis Gilbert. The collection contains 36 specimens, 2.25 to 8 inches long, dredged by the Albatross in 1903 at stations 4191, 4198, 4231, 4235, 4236, 4238, 4240, 4241, 4250 to 4252, 4258, and 4266. The species was originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north and south of Unalaska at stations 3210, 3316, 3324, 3325, 3329 to 3332, and 3337. 330 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 177. Kenochirus pentacanthus Gilbert. This species is very generally distributed from Puget Sound to Bering Sea. It was never taken abundantly, but was found at a great many different places, 71 specimens, from 1.6 to 4.65 inches long, being taken at stations 3547 (Bering Sea), 3597, 41938, 4221, 4228, 4226, 4227, 4238, 4244, 4271, 4274 to 4276, 4278 to 4281, 4283, 4285 to 4289, 4290 to 4293. and 4295. It is very doubtful whether the prickly breast (alascanus) and narrow interorbital (pentacanthus) which separate pentacanthus and alascanus are good characters. In this large series some have the prickly breast but narrow interorbital. With a larger series these 2 species would very probably run together. 178. Xenochirus alascanus (Gilbert. This species was not taken by us. It was originally described by Gilbert (1895) from vicinity of Unimak Pass at stations 3216, 3219, 3223, 3225 to 3226, 3257, 3258, 3263, 3309 to 3311, 3313, 3322, 3334, 3336, and 3339. Recorded from Karluk (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 179. Xenochirus latifrons Gilbert. We have 142 specimens, 3.5 to 6 inches long, collected by J. P. Todd near Seattle, 1903. 180. Odontopyxis trispinosus Lockington. One specimen, 2.65 inches long, dredged at station 4221; one specimen, 2.4 inches long, dredged at station 4193; the species also seen at station 4226, near Loring, and station 4243, Kasaan Bay. Recorded from Sitka by Bean (1882) as Podothecus trispinosus. 181. Aspidophoroides guntheri Bean. Originally described by Bean (1886) ‘from Alaska,’’ in Bering Sea, perhaps. Not found by recent collectors. Fic. 97.—Aspidophoroides guntheri Bean. 182. Aspidophoroides bartoni Gilbert. Eleven specimens, 2 to 5.25 inches long, were dredged at stations 3599 (Bering Sea), "4273, 4276, 4279, 4283, 4285, 4286, 4289, 4291, and 4292. This species was originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay from 41 different dredging stations, ranging between 3213 and 3311. 183. Aspidophoroides inermis Giinther. One specimen, 2.75 inches long, dredged at station 4272; one specimen, 4 inches, mouth Hood Canal, collected by the Albatross. 1903. The type of this species came from Unalaska. The species was also taken at Albatross stations 3213, 3219, 3220, 3265, and 3322, these in Bristol Bay and north and south of the Aleutian group. Family 30. CYCLOPTERIDAH. The Lump Suckers. 184. Eumicrotremus orbis (Giinther). One specimen 1.1 inches long, mouth of Hood Canal, July 1; one specimen 1 inch long dredged at station 4205; one specimen 1.5 inches long dredged at station 4291; one specimen 3.85 inches long, taken from stomach of cod caught in Bering Sea in spring of 1902 in 500 feet of water. The species has also THE FISHES OF ALASKA, 331 been recorded from Iiuliuk, Unalaska, and from St. Paul Island (Bean 1882) as Eumicrotremus spinosus. South of Sannak Islands and in Bristol Bay from stations 3213, 3258, and 3274 (Gilbert 1895). Off St. Paul Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 185. Lethrotremus muticus (Gilbert. This species, not taken by recent collectors, was described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3223 and 3258, near Unimak Pass. Fic. 98.—Lethrotremus muticus Gilbert. 186. Cyclopteroides gyrinops Garman. Recorded from St. Paul Island (Garman 1892) and Dutch Harbor (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 187. Cyclopterichthys ventricosus (Pallas). No. 02234 and 02298, 8.5 and 7.75 inches long, respectively, collected by Rutter at Karluk in 1903. These 2 specimens show the two different schemes of coloration noted in descriptions. Recorded from St. Paul Island (Kincaid 1899). Family 37. LIPARIDIDA. The Sea Snail, 188. Neoliparis rutteri Gilbert & Snyder. Head 4 in length; depth 4.33; eye 4.6 in head; snout 3; interorbital equal to snout; dorsal v, 28; anal 26; pectoral 33; caudal 14; branchiostegals 6. Body tadpole-shaped, anterior portion to origin of anal rounded, the remainder greatly compressed; dorsal outline gently arched; ventral outline of 2 gentle arches meeting each other at a broad angle at the origin of anal; head small, depressed; snout broadly rounded viewed from above, truncate from the side; mouth narrow, horizontal, with little lateral cleft and mandible barely included; lips rather thin; teeth small, white, tricuspid, in several rows in each jaw; nostrils inconspicuous, anterior with a small tube; several mucous pores on head along ramus of lower jaw and behind eye; gill-slit narrow, slightly wider than eye, entirely above upper base of pectoral; opercle ending in a soft sharp flap. Dorsal fin low, its origin over middle of pectoral, its length about 3.5 times head, the fin quite low, the posterior rays longer, margin minutely crenulate, longest ray about 2.5 in head; anal similar to dorsal, its origin under about the third or fourth dorsal ray, last ray of anal slightly posterior to last dorsal ray and both fins slightly united to caudal at the tips of their last rays; caudal truncate, long and slender, its length about 1.2 in head; pectorals broad, of 2 lobes, the upper broad and rounded, lower narrow, its 332 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. margin ill defined, and not very distinct from upper lobe; rays somewhat produced, longest ray consid- erably shorter than upper lobe, length of upper lobe 1.3 in head, tip reaching vent; ventral disk nearly circular, its length 1.6 in head, 13 horny lobes, rather deciduous. Color jet black above, lighter on belly, a white crescent-shaped line across base of caudal, extending on tip of last dorsal and anal ray; caudal indistinctly barred with black and white bars; dorsal and anal fins dark, edges with a narrow black border. We have 13 specimens, varying from 0.75 to 2.75 inches long, collected by Mr. Rutter at Karluk, June 8-10, 1903. The species is recorded by Rutter (1899) from Karluk and Uyak Bay. Fic. 99.—Neoliparis rutteri Gilbert & Snyder. 189. Neoliparis callyodon (Pallas). One hundred and twenty-six specimens, 0.75 to 5 inches long, secured in 1903 from the following places: Shakan Bay; Diamond Point; Point Ellis; Funter Bay; stations 4205-7; Naha Bay, Loring; Neah Bay, and at Karluk. Recorded (Bean 1882, as Liparis calliodon) from Port Etches; Belkoiski; Sanborn Harbor, Shu- magins; Nateekin Bay, Unalaska; Adak; Amchitka; St. Michael. Unalaska (Gilbert 1895). Karluk and Uyak Bay (Rutter 1899). St. Michael (Turner 1886, as Liparis calliodon). Jordan & Gilbert (1899) found it at Captains Harbor, Unalaska; St. Paul Island; St. George Island, and Sitka. Fic. 100.—Neoliparis callyodon (Pallas). 190. Liparis cyclopus Giinther. (Pl. xvur, fig. 1.) tecorded from Unalaska (Bean 1882) as Liparis cyclopus; Atka Island (Turner 1886) as Liparis cyclopus; Bristol Bay, at station 3230 (Gilbert 1895). 191. Liparis fucensis Gilbert. Twelve specimens, 1.4 to 3.25 inches long, dredged at stations 4208, 4220, 4270 to 4272, 4289, and 4302, and mouth Hood Canal; and 22 (small) from station 4256. PLATE XVIII. Bull. U. S. B. F. 1906. "G151S00S SNNITSHOSHSH SIVdI7 "YSHLNOD SNAdOTDAD SIYVdIT * L td PLATE XIX. Bull. U. S. B. F. 1906. “LYAETID VWDILSOTSASD SIYVdIT PLATE XX. 1906. Bull. U.S. B. F. ‘SdAL “LUBETID ® NvaYuOor SNYNTASdAD SNYNNDOUd Traeeenys rmeSTECDNY Pt *LYaald *P NVGHOP SITISVYIW SAHLHOITIVLSAYOD * S THE FISHES OF ALASKA, 333 192. Liparis agassizii Putnam. Recorded from Unalaska and St. Paul Island (Bean 1882) as Liparis gibbus. Bristol Bay at stations 3241, 3247, and 3305 (Gilbert 1895). Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885). Fic, 101.—Liparis agassizii Putnam. 193. Liparis herschelinus Scofield. (Pl. xviu, fig. 2.) Recorded from Herschel Island, Arctic Ocean (Scofield 1899). 194. Liparis cyclostigma Gilbert. (Pl. x1x.) Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from Bristol Bay at station 3252, near Unalaska. 195. Liparis pulchellus Ayres. Recorded from St. Paul, Kodiak Island, and from Iliuliuk, Unalaska (Bean 1882); Tongass (Bean 1884); station 3269 in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895). 196. Crystallichthys mirabilis Jordan & Gilbert. (Pl. xx, fig. 1.) Recorded from station 3638, off St. Paul Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 197. Careproctus simus Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at station 3331. 198. Careproctus colletti Gilbert. One specimen, 3.5 inches long, from station 4295, Shelikof Straits. This specimen differs somewhat from current descriptions; the head is 4, not 6; distance from tip of snout to origin of anal is 2.5, not 3.66. Color almost white, not dusky, though our specimen may have faded. Mouth and gill cavity not dusky: peritoneum white, not dusky This species was originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3: 8, south of Alaskan Peninsula. 199. Careproctus phasma Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from Bristol Bay at stations 3254 and 3256. 200. Careproctus spectrum [ean. Originally described by Bean (1891) from Albatross station 2848, between Unga and Nagai islands. 201. Careproctus ostentum (Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska Island at stations 3324 and 3331. 202. Careproctus ectenes (Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at station 3351. 203. Prognurus cypselurus Jordan & Gilbert. (Pl. xx, fig. 2.) Originally described by Jordan & Gilbert (1899) from Albatross station 3644, off Bogoslot Island. 3384 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 204. Gyrinichthys minytremus (Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska Island at station 3331. 205. Paraliparis holomelas (Gilbert. Originally described hy Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at stations 3308 and 3332. We have 25 specimens taken at stations 4194, 4202, 4251-4253, 4255, 4258, 4292 and 4293. 206. Bareiiaris cephalus Gilbert. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at stations 3225 and 3330. 207. Paraliparis ulochir Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at station 3332. 208. Rhinoliparis barbulifer Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at stations 3227, 3325, 3326, 3329 to Fic. 102.—Bathymaster signatus Cope. Family 38. BATHYMASTERIDA. 209. Bathymaster signatus Cope. Seventeen specimens 1.5 to 11.75 inches long, collected at stations 3856, 3599 (Bering Sea), 4285, 4289, and at Karluk; Loring; Yes Bay; Redfish Bay; Killisnoo; Sitka; and Pablof Harbor. It has been recorded (Bean 1882 and 1884) from Sitka; St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Coal Harbor and off Popoff Island, Shumagins; Iliuliuk, Unalaska; Mary Island; Fort Wrangell; Port Chester and Nakat. Gilbert (1895) records it as very abundant in the shallow water dredgings along the southern shore of the Alaskan Peninsula, northward through Unimak Pass and north of Unalaska at stations 3211 to 3215, 3217, 3220, 3222, 3223 and 3319, and Jordan & Gilbert (1899) record it from Sitka. Fic. 103.—Ronquilus jordani Gilbert. 210. Ronquilus jordani Gilbert. The collection contains 37 specimens 2.5 to 6.75 inches long taken in Admiralty Inlet, at Hood Canal, and at stations 4193, 4197, 4204, 4209, 4212, 4213, 4220, 4228, 4272, 4278 and 4289. The species was originally described by Gilbert (1889) as Bathymaster jordan from Fort Wrangell. He also records it under the same name from station 3262 in Bristol Bay. THE FISHES OF ALASKA, 8385 Family 39. TRICHODONTID. 211. Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius). We have 1 specimen 2.5 inches long collected by the Albatross in Akutan Bay, September 17, 1894. The species has been recorded (Bean 1882) as Trichodon stellert from Coal Harbor and Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins; Unalaska, and Cape Etolin, Nunivak Island. Bristol Bay at station 3260 and from Herendeen Bay (Gilbert 1895). Mr. H. C. Fassett examined a specimen at Klawak in 1905 which was taken near that place. Though rare, this curious fish appears to be widely distributed in Alaska. Fig. 104.—Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius). 212. Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner). We have 1 specimen 1 inch long collected by the Albatross in Akutan Bay, July 24, 1894. Fig. 105.—Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner). Family 4o. BATRACHOIDIDA. The Toadfishes. 213. Porichthys notatus Girard. The collection contains 6 specimens 5 to 6.75 inches long, collected at Union Bay and at station 4218. 336 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family 41. GOBIESOCIDA. The Clingfishes. 214. Caularchus meandricus (Girard). The collection contains 2 specimens, each 2.75 inches long, seined at Fort Rupert June 28, 1903. We also have 2 specimens 1.5 and 2.25 inches long taken at Gabriola Island by the Albatross. Fig. 106.—Caularchus meandricus (Girard). Family 42. BLENNIIDA. The Blennies. 215. Bryostemma polyactocephalus (Pallas). One specimen 7 inches long seined at station 4228; 2 specimens 4.5 inches long dredged at station 4205; no. 2914, aspecimen 11.4 inches long, from station 4253. Fic. 107.—Bryostemma polyactocephalus (Pallas). In the smaller examples the cirri on the top of head are coarse, thick, and blunt; in the larger exam- ples they are quite different, being small and hairlike and not so numerous. Recorded from stations 3213 and 3274, north and south of the Alaskan Peninsula (Gilbert 1895) as Chirolophus polyactocephalus. St. Michael (Nelson 1887) and St. Paul (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). Fig. 108.—Apodichthys flavidus Girard. 216. Apodichthys flavidus Girard. The collection contains 22 specimens 4 to 8 inches long from Sucia Island, May 6, 1894. a THE FISHES OF ALASKA. Soll 217. Pholis dolichogaster (Pallas). Recorded from Kigiktowik and Unalakleet, Norton Sound (Nelson 1887) as Muraenoides ruberrimus, and from Aleutian Islands (Bean 1882) as Muraenoides dolichogaster. Fic. 109.—Pholis dolichogaster (Pallas). 218. Pholis fasciatus (Bloch & Schneider). We have 14 specimens 2.25 to 3 inches long, collected by Rutter at Karluk June 8-10, 1903, and one specimen 7 inches long collected by Mr. M. C. Marsh at St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group, 1906. The species has been recorded from St. Paul Island (Bean 1882) as Murznoides mavillaris and from Bristol Bay at stations 3230, 3232 to 3234 (Gilbert 1895). 219. Pholis gilli Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Head 8.66 in length; depth at origin of dorsal 10.5; eye 5 in head; snout 5; maxillary 3.25; man- dible 2.5; interorbital 1.5 in eye; dorsal Lxxxry; anal 1, 44; pectorals 15; branchiostegals 4. Body elongate, greatly compressed, almost ribbon-shaped; head small, upper profile arched, anterior profile rounded; a high sharp ridge from nape to snout; snout blunt, short; mouth small, very oblique; jaws nearly equal; maxillary reaching anterior edge of orbit; teeth conical, stout, in a single row in the jaws, except for a patch on anterior edge of lower jaw, none on vomer and palatines; upper lip a high, thin fold continuous posteriorly with the fold on lower lip, latter interrupted by a Fig. 110.—Pholis gilli Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type. broad frenum; nostrils close behind upper lip, posterior in a small tube; a row of conspicuous tubes below eye running backward and upward posteriorly; gill-opening free from isthmus, forming a broad fold, not continued forward; eye small, anterior, high. Origin of dorsal above base of pectoral, its anterior spines concealed in membrane, short, gradually lengthening posteriorly, the spines not concealed, the longest spine slightly longer than eye; dorsal and anal connected for their entire height, forming a slight notch with the broad rounded caudal, the length of caudal about half head; anal low, with 2 short stout spines, membranes thick, nearly con- cealing the rays; vent midway between root of pectoral and base of caudal; pectoral short and broadly rounded, 2.5 in head; ventral very minute, its rays about equal to spine, which equals pupil. Scales minute, covering body, head naked. B. B. F. 1906—22 3388 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Color inalcohol: General color brown, the minute scales giving this brown the appearance of small white punctulations; a series of 10 white blotches punctate with brown along base of dorsal, each one extending from upper edge of fin down upon body, forming semicircular patches about as large as pectoral fin; a series of irregular white parallel bars about as wide as eye on anterior lower half of side, these broken posteriorly into rows of dots; head pale beneath, a white stripe extending from front of occiput through eye to posterior tip of mandible, broadening somewhat as it descends, another small white » stripe extending vertically along anterior margin of orbit; snout and lower lip brown, chin white; caudal and anal dusky; ventral and pectoral plain; dorsal general color of back. This fish differs from the description of P. dolichogaster in having the anterior spines of dorsal short, also in having a sharp ridge on interorbital space, and the color entirely different. The above from the type, no. 57826, U. 8. National Museum, a specimen 6.75 inches long collected in Bering Sea in 1902, sent in by Mrs. E. W. Clark, of Washington, D. C. Named for Dr. Theodore Nicholas Gill, 220. Pholis ornatus (Girard). The collection contains 208 specimens 1.6 to 8 inches long. It is common along the shores from Port Townsend to Unalaska and was collected at the following places: Marrowstone Point; Admiralty Head; Port Townsend; Fort Rupert; Union Bay; Whidby Island; Kilisut Harbor; Duncan Canal; Sucia Island; Tongass Harbor; Metlakahtla; Loring; Yes Bay; Karta; Klawak; Shakan; Funter Bay; Ankau River; Karluk; Litnik; and Unalaska. Fic. 111.—Pholis ornatus (Girard). There are 2 very distinct color patterns in our specimens. Most of them have the ocellate spots on the dorsal and upper part of body; others have broad U-shaped dark marks on dorsal and upper part of body instead of these dark spots. The latter have from 1 to 3 dark spots on anterior rays of dorsal, these sometimes indistinct. This species has been recorded as Murexnoides ornatus (Bean 1882) from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Port Etches; Chugachik Bay and Refuge Cove, Cook Inlet; Kodiak; Coal Harbor and Sanborn Harbor, Shumagins; Belkofski, Alaska Peninsula; Iliuliuk, Unalaska; Atka; Adak; Amchi- tka; Attu and Port Moller, and under the same name by Bean in 1884 from Wrangell and Tongass. Unalaska and Herendeen Bay (Gilbert 1895). Karluk and Uyak and Alitak bays (Rutter 1899). Atka Island (Turner 1886) as Murznoides ornatus. Fig. 112.—Anoplarchus atropurpureus (Kittlitz). 221. Anoplarchus atropurpureus (Kittlitz). This collection contains 204 specimens one-half to 4.5 inches long. The species is common along the shore from Port Townsend to Bering Sea. It was taken at the following places: Gabriola Island, Point Ellis, Fort Rupert, Port McArthur, Loring, Shakan Bay, Klawak, Alitak Narrows, Karluk, Uyak Bay, and Atka Island. It has been recorded from St. Michael by Nelson (1887). By Bean (1882) from Sitka; Port Mulgrave; Kodiak Island; Coal Harbor, Sanborn Harbor, and Popoff Straits, Shumagins; Unalaska; THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 339 Nazan Bay, Atka; Amchitka; Kyska Harbor; Port Etches; St. Michael. Wrangell, Mary Island, and Tongass (Bean 1884). Unalaska (Gilbert 1895). Rutter (1899) found it common at Karluk, and in Uyak, and Alitak bays. 222. Xiphistes chirus (Jordan & Gilbert). Recorded by Bean (1882) from Adak and Amchitka, Aleutian Islands. Fig. 113.—Xiphistes chirus (Jordan & Gilbert). 223. Xiphidion mucosum Girard. The collection contains 14 specimens, 1.5 to 6.75 inches long, collected at Gabriola Island, Point Ellis, and Port Rupert. The species has been recorded from Wrangell and Mary Island by Bean (1882) as Xiphistes mucosus. 224, Xiphidion rupestre (Jordan & Gilbert). We have 1 specimen 5 inches long from Cedar Island, Loring, June 17, 1904. Bean (1882) records it from Sitka as Xiphister rwpestris. Fig. 114.—Xiphidion rupestre (Jordan & Gilbert). Type. 225. Opisthocentrus ocellatus (Tilesius). We have 8 specimens, 5.5 to 7 inches long, collected at Tareinski Harbor, Kamchatka, 1900, by the Albatross. 226. Leptoclinus maculatus (Tries). The collection contains 3 specimens 4 to 5.5 inches long from Albatress stations 4274 and 4279. Recorded from station 3223 in Unimak Pass and stations 3252, 3253, 3257 to 3259, 3279 and 3309, all in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895). 227. Poroclinus rothrocki Bean. Originally described by Bean (1891) from Albatross station 2852, between Nagai and Big Koniushi Island. Station 3312, north of Unalaska Island (Gilbert 1895). 228. Lumpenus medius (Reinhardt). (Pl. xx1, fig. 1.) Head 5 in length; depth 8.9; eye 3.5 in head; snout 4.6; interorbital 3 in eye; dorsal Lym; anal 1, 35 (35 to 38); pectoral 14; ventral 3; caudal 2.2 in head; ventral 2.75; pectoral 1.35. The collection contains 21 specimens, 2.5 to 11 inches long, collected at stations 4243, 4270 to 4272, 4274 to 4276, 4280, 4281, 4287, and in Kasaan Bav. 840 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 229. Lumpenus anguillaris (Pallas). This species was found to be quite common. It was taken at various points and seen at many others from Seattle to Atka Island. One hundred and fifty-two specimens, ranging from 1.75 to 14.5 inches in length, were secured from the following places: Seattle; Kilisut Harbor; Duncan Canal; Loring; Ankau River; New Morzhovoi; Pablof Harbor; Akutan Bay; Makushin Bay; Unalaska; Atka; and stations 4214, 4218, 4236, 4272, and 4296. Recorded (Bean 1882) from Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Chugachik Bay, Cook Inlet; Port Levas- hef, Hiuliuk and Chernofski, Unalaska; Wrangell and Sitka, and, in cruise of the Corwin, from Pope Belcher. Also from Norton Sound (Nelson 1887). Nakat Harbor and Boca de Quadra (Bean 1884 Unalaska (Gilbert 1855). : 230. Lumpenus mackayi Gilbert. Originally describe 1 by Gilbert (1895) from mouth of Nushagak River. 231. Lumpenus fabricii (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Recorded from Bristcl Bay at stations 3241 to 3244 (Gilbert 1895) as Leptoblennius nubilus. 232. Lumpenus longirostris Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Head 5.25 in length; depth 8.2; eye 4.75 in head; snout 2.8; dorsal Lxim (Lx to LXXxI); anal m (mt to v), 39 (38 to 42); interorbital 1.2 in eye. Body elongate, compressed; head long, compressed, interorbital slightly convex; eye large, elon- gate, median, high; snout long, blunt, and projecting, mouth small, nearly horizontal, lower jaw included; maxillary not nearly reaching eye, reaching halfway from tip of snout to posterior edge of eye; teeth ina single crowded row on each jaw, crowded and more or less in a patch anteriorly, no teeth on yomer or palatines; gill-openings continued forward to below anterior edge of pupil, the membranes then narrowly joined to isthmus. Fie. 115.—Lumpenus longirostris Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type. Dorsal fin beginning immediately above upper end of gill-opening, the spines short, strong, and pun- gent, none of them flexible, the anterior ones very short, less than width of pupil, the fin gradually increasing in height to opposite front of anal, thence decreasing very slowly to posterior end, the longest spine about 1.3 in snout, the third ray from last two-thirds height of longest ray, the tips of the spines naked for about one-quarter of their height; anal with 3 (in most examples 4) strong spines similar to those of dorsal fin, the first half as high as second, which equals third, soft rays all forked and of about equal length, the last 3 free for upper third of their length; caudal rounded, 1.9 in head; ventral short, of 1 short sharp strong spine, equal to perpendicular diameter of eye, and 3 simple rays, the fin 2 in snout; pectoral large, rounded, the middle rays longest, 1.5 in head. Scales small, smooth, rounded, covering entire body and head, those of head smaller and more closely imbricated. The foregoing description from the type no. 57827 U. S. National Museum, a specimen 9.3 inches long, taken in Lynn Canal, July 16, 1903, at Albatross station 4255. The Bureau of Fisheries cotype is no. 5232; Stanford University Museum, no. 20013; Field Museum of Natural History, no. 6116; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, no. 33005. Life colors of one example: Back and upper side light olivaceous with darker brownish blotches; middle of side and underparts sooty blue; middle part of belly blackish; pectoral and ventral dark; dorsal pale yellowish at base, a narrow dark line near edge. aNot necessarily color of type, it not being known irom which specimen the note was taken. THE FISHES OF ALASKA, 341 Color in spirits, grayish olivaceous, edge of dorsal, anal, and of gill-opening black; pectoral, caudal, ventral, and lips black; a dark blotch on opercle; belly and top of head slightly darker than body. MEASUREMENTS OF 19 ExampLes oF LUMPENUS LONGIROSTRIS FROM S?TaTION 4254. y | | | | | | No. Length. | Head. Depth.| Eye. | Snout. Dorsal. | Anal. | | | Inches. | | 52 Gt 53 9: 43 LXV Iv, 40 | 53 8 5F 9g 5 LXVI Iv, 40 | 54 | 7 52 98 5 LXX | Iv, 42 55 | 7 5g 9 5 LXV Iv, 40 56 | 6g 52 9 of LXV Iv, 41 57 6g 54 9 5g LXVI Iv. 41 58 8k | 5h | 9g 54 LXIV Iv, 40 59 5k | 5g | 10 5 : | LXIV Vv, 38 60 6 54 Qt | 55 | 23 | LXIV Iv, 41 61 5 oF 9F | 5 354| LXIV Iv, 39 62 4h | 52 10} 43 | 3 | LXIV Iv, 40 63 7 6s 9% 5 23] wxvir | iv, 43 64 si 6 Si | 53 23) xv | iv; 40 65 7 53 94 | ot | 2t | LXIV Iv, 41 66 TE 53 | 93 | 5 3% | LXIV Iv, 40 67 7 5k 8} | 5 2§| Lxiv | tv, 40 68 6 | 5k | 93 5g 3 xiv _ |) Xv;-4ls | 69 7k | 5g 93 | 4 | 3 LXV | LV.39 70 oh 58 10 | 53 | 25 LXVI | Iv, 42 | | This species may be readily distinguished by its very long snout, in which respect it differs from all the other species of Lumpenus, and in the naked tips of the dorsal spine. We have 60 other specimens, ranging in length from 2.5 to 9.87 inches, all of which we take as cotypes. They were collected at stations 4238, 4251, 4252, 4254, 4255, and 4256. Fig. 116.—Stichzeus punctatus (Fabricius). 233. Sticheeus punctatus (Fabricius). Recorded from St. Michael (Nelson 1887, Bean 1879). Cape Lisbourne (Bean 1882) as Notogrammus rothrockii. Bristol Bay at station 3239 and from Karta Bay (Gilbert 1895). Family 43. CRYPTACANTHODID. 234. Delolepis virgatus Bean. The collection contains a specimen (no. 1660), 40 inches long, collected at Dutch Harbor, 1893 or 1894. Species originally described by Bean (1882) from Kingcombe Inlet, British Columbia, and Port Wrangell; recorded also from Unalaska (Gilbert 1895). Fic. 117.—Lyconcectes aleutensis Gilbert. 235. Lyconectes aleutensis Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3312, north of Unalaska. 842 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family 44. ANARHICHADIDA:. The Wolf-Fishes. 236. Anarhichas lepturus (Bean). Recorded from St. Michael and Kigiktowik (Nelson 1887); also from St. Michael ( Turner 1886). Fic, 118.—Anarhichas lepturus (Bean). Family 45. PTILICHTHYIDA:. The Quill-Fishes. 237. Ptilichthys goodei Bean. One specimen, 13.5 inches long, from Snug Harbor, August 6, 1903, caught in dip net over rail of ship. Originally described by Bean (1882) from Port Levashef, Unalaska. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from station 331, Unalaska Harbor. Fia. 119.—Ptilichthys goodei Bean. Family 46. ZOARCIDA. 238. Lyciscus crotalinus ((ilbert). Recorded by Gilbert (1895) as Lycodopsis crotalinus from station 3210, south of Sannak Island. 239. Lycodopsis pacificus (Collett). This species, not heretofore recorded north of Puget Sound, was taken at station 4272, in Afognak Bay, and also at stations 4214, 4219, 4223, and 4233, and at Seattle. Twenty-three specimens, ranging from 3 to 8.75 inches in length, were collected. In some there is a very evident black blotch on the upper part of the 3 or 4 anterior dorsal rays. 240. Lycodes concolor Gill & Townsend. Described from Bering Sea, latitude 55° 19% north, longitude 168° 11’ west, at Albatross station 3608, in 276 fathoms. 241. Lycodes digitatus Gill & Townsend. Described from Bering Sea, latitude 56° 14’ north, longitude 164° 8’ west, at Albatross station 3541, in 49 fathoms. 242. Lycodes palearis Gilbert. The collection contains 7 specimens, 2.25 to 15.5 inches long, taken at stations 4223, 4246, 4272, and 4273. The species was originally described from stations 3253 and 3254, Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895). THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 3438 243. Lycodes jordani Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Head 7 in total length; depth 14; eye 4.5 in head; snout 3.5; maxillary 2.9; interorbital 3 in length of eye; length of pectoral 2.1 in head; ventral 1.5 in eye; dorsal 116; anal 93 (dorsal and anal counts taken from cotype). Head and nape naked, rest of body fully scaled, except the axil of pectoral, which is naked; dorsal origin over anterior part of pectoral; anal origin under about the eighteenth dorsal ray; pectorals nearly rounded in outline, the fourth toseventh rays from the upper part being the longest, all the rays except a few upper free at their tips, the free margin about equal in length to pupil. Top of head flat, the interorbital space about equal to pupil, the bone being much narrower, about one-fourth the space; maxillary reaching anterior edge of pupil; small villiform teeth on vomer, pala- tines, and jaws, those on jaws in a single row laterally, broadening into a patch anteriorly; a row of 4 varge pores on mandible, the row contiriued in 3 similar pores on preopercle; 6 similar but smaller Fig. 120.—Lycodes Jordani Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type. pores extending from anterior nasal opening just above maxillary and posteriorly under eye, the last pore above the next to last in lower row; anterior nasal opening with short tube; lower jaw included; upper jaw reaching very slightly beyond lower, for a distance less than half width of pupil; lateral line not evident. General color: Brownish olivaceous, the scales on body and fins white, giving the body the appear- ance of being white spotted, the pectoral, head, and edges of dorsal and anal a darker olive than that of body. Another specimen from station 4267, and which we take as a cotype, gives the following measure- ments: Head 6.8 in total length; depth 16.5; eye 4.66 in head; snout 3.9; interorbital 1.3 in eye, the bone about 4 in eye; maxillary 3 in head; mandible 3.4; ventral equaling eye; pectoral 2 in head; dorsal 116; anal 93. This species is near Lycodes palearis, differing in depth, in color, in the shorter upper jaw, and in other characters. ; Type, no. 57828, U.S. National Museum (field no. 2439), a specimen 13.25 inches long from Albatross station 3788, and cotype, no. 20014, Stanford University Museum, a specimen 8.4 inches long from station 4267. 244. Lycodes brevipes Bean. This species was found to be very common in the deep waters from Puget Sound to Shelikof Strait. Sixty-three specimens, 2.5 to 10.75 inches long, are in the collection. These were taken at stations 2848, 4201, 4218, 4246, 4248, 4250, 4252, 4254 to 4256, 4258, 4275, 4280, 4283, 4285, 4291 to 4293, 4295, and 4296. Originally described by Bean (1891) from Unga and Nagai islands, at Albatross station 2848; recorded also from stations 3216, 3225 to 3227, 3263, 3309 to 3311, 3313, and 3330, located north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895), and from off Karluk (Jordan & Gilbert 1896). 344 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 245. Lycodalepis turneri Bean. Recorded by Bean (1879) as Lycodes turneri from St. Michael and (1882) as Lycodes coccineus from Big Diomede Island, Bering Strait. Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885) as Lycodes turneri and Lycodes coccineus. Norton Sound (Nelson 1887) and Point Barrow (Scofield 1899), both as Lycodalepis turner‘. Fic. 121.—Lycodalepis turneri Bean. 246. Furcimanus diaptera ((Gilbert). Thirty-nine specimens of this species, ranging in length from 2.45 to 12.5 inches long, were taken at stations 4198, 4236, 4238, 4251, 4255. The color in all the large specimens is uniform and the bars are lacking; in the medium-size ones the bars are very faint; some of the small ones are nearly plain, others distinctly barred. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) as Lycodes diapterus from north of Unalaska, at stations 3227, 3324, 3326, 3329 to 3332. Fic. 122.—Furcimanus diapterus (Gilbert). 247. Bothrocara pusilla (Bean). The collection contains 14 specimens, 4.75 to 6 inches long, dredged at stations 4251, 4252, 4255, 4256. Originally described by Bean (1891) as Maynea pusilla from off Nagai Island, Albatross station 2848. North of Unalaska at stations 3224, 3227, 3330, and 3331 (Gilbert 1895). 248. Bothrocara mollis Bean. (Pl. xx1, fig. 2.) Recorded from Albatross station 3634, off Bogoslof Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). Fic. 123.—Gyminelis viridis (Fabricius). 249. Gymnelis viridis (Fabricius). Three specimens, 3 to 4 inches long, collected by Mr. Rutter at Karluk, June 8-10, 1903. These specimens differ somewhat from current descriptions. The head is 8 not 6.5 in length, and color in alcohol is almost uniform cherry red; 2 of the specimens have a conspicuous white bar along the cheek, which is faint in the third specimen. “NV3d SITIOW VYVOOYNHLOE °S PLATE XXI. “(LGYVHNISY) SNIGAW SNN3SdWNT *L WW Bull. U. S. B, F. 1906. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 345 The species has been recorded (Bean 1882) from Coal Harbor, Shumagins; St. Michael, and Una- laska. Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885). St. Michael (Turner 1886). Unalaska and at station 3256 in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895). Karluk (Rutter 1899). 250. Gymnelis stigma (Lay & Bennett). Originally described from Kotzebue Sound (1839); also recorded from Albatross station 3688, near St. Paul Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). Fic. 124.—Melanostigma pammelas Gilbert. 251. Melanostigma pammelas Gilbert. Described from the coast of southern Alaska, latitude 46° 10’ north, longitude 121° 58’ 45’” west, at Albatross station 3202, in 382 fathoms. Family 47. LYCODAPODID. 252. Lycodapus fierasfer Gilbert. This species is represented in the collection by 8 specimens, 2.5 to 6 inches long, dredged at stations 4225, 4250, and 4257. Recorded from north of Unalaska at station 3324 (Gilbert 1895). 253. Lycodapus parviceps Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3324, north of Unalaska Island. Fig. 125.—Merluccius productus (Ayres). 254. Lycodapus extensus Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3324, north of Unalaska. Family 48. MERLUCCID. 255. Merluccius productus (Ayres). We have one specimen, 4.5 inches long, collected by Mr. J. P. Todd near Seattle, 1903. 346 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family yo. GADIDA. The Codfishes. 256. Boreogadus saida (Lepechin). Recorded from Kigiktowik, Norton Sound (Nelson 1887); St. Michael (Turner 1886); St. Michael and Cape Lisburne (Bean 1882); Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885); Port Clarence (Scofield 1899). Fig. 126.—Boreogadus saida (Lepechin). 257. Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas). Alaska Pollock. An abundant and widely distributed species. Examples were collected or seen as follows: One specimen (no. 02899), 12 inches long, from station 4250; one (no. 02892), 11 inches long, from station 4246 (dorsal 14-16-18; anal 21-19); eight, 5.75 to 7 inches long, seined in Cleveland Passage; one (no. 02918), 10.5 inches long, from Skagway; one (no. 03002), 9.5 inches long, from station 4292; one, 8 inches long, from station 4296; twenty , 2.5 to 3 inches long, from station 4212; a few seen at Karluk and 2 at Shakan; 4 (20, 24, 24, and 24.5 inches long, weight 1, 2, 2.5, and 2.5 pounds) taken on a hook at Sand Point; 12 (average length 22.5 inches, average weight 2.75 pounds) taken over the rail Fic. 127.—Theragra chaleogramma (Pallas). with hand line at Fox Harbor. Others were taken or seen at the Chilkoot cannery, Cleveland Passage, Skagway (where many were taken on hook and line); Dundas Bay (several in salmon trap); Pavlof Harbor; Unalaska; Chignik Bay; Sitkoh Bay; Loring; Litnik Bay; and stations 2844, 2864, 3781 (off Kamchatka), 4246, 4250, and 4255; and a specimen 6.5 inches long collected by Mr. M. C. Marsh at St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group, August 7, 1906. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 347 The following table exhibits the variation in the dorsal and anal rays: Dorsat anp ANAL FIN Counts IN SPECIMENS OF THERAGRA CHALCOGRAMMA. No. Locality. [ene Dorsal. | Anal. = | = | | Inches 2G1R i Slag way sasceh a eeeee eee e ee 10.00 | 12-15-18) 18-17 3002 Station 42 ‘| 9.50] 12-1419] 17-19 | 2892 | Station 42 11.25} 1416-18} 21-19 2899 | Station 4250. - 12.00 13-13-19 18-19 8. 13-16-18 | 18-2 7.00| 12-14-16| 18-18 5.50 | 12-13-16} 18-17 6.25) 13-15-15] 18-18 | 6.00] 13-13-18| 17-18 | 6.00] 12-14-18] 17-17 5.75 | 11-15-16 | 18-17 | 5.75| 12-15-16 | 18-17 | = —! | The species has been previously recorded (Bean 1882) as Pollachius chaleogrammus from Chuga- chik Bay and Refuge Cove, Cook Inlet; Pirate Cove and Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins; Iliuliuk; Chernofski; Unalaska; and Wrangell. Under the same name by Gilbert (1895), from Captains Harbor, Unalaska, and at many stations in the shallow water of Bristol Bay and around the Aleutian Islands. Unalaska and St. Paul and St. George islands (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). Chignik Bay (Scofield 1899), 258. Theragra fucensis (Jordan & Gilbert). This species has not heretofore been recorded from Alaskan waters, though Scofield and Seale took in Chignik Bay a specimen which seems as near T. fucensis as T. chalcogrammus. It is very probable that the 2 species intergrade, the northern specimens representing what is now known as T. chalco- grammus, and the southern T. fucensis. If this is so, the name T. chaleogrammus should be retained for both. Our collection contains but a single example, no. 08122, a specimen 10 inches long taken at Loring by the Albatross in 1905. Fic. 128.—Eleginus navaga (K6lreuter). 259. Eleginus navaga (Kdélreuter). This codfish is common and at places abundant along the entire Alaskan coast. It is represented in our collections by specimens from various localities extending from Puget Sound to the Alaskan peninsula and across to Kamchatka. Forty-eight specimens, from 1.5 to 13 inches long, are in the collec- tion from the following places: Admiralty Island; Port Alexander; Litnik Bay; Karluk; Uyak Bay; Unalaska; Petropaulovsk, and Tareinski Harbor in Kamchatka, and stations 4202, 4213, 4218 to 4220, 4268, 4271, 4272, 4275, 4277, 4278. The usual descriptions of Eleginus navaga and Microgadus proximus refer to the same characters so seldom, except in features in which they happen to be alike, that from these characters it is impossible to compare the species, and the only way given to separate them is by dissection and a comparison of the transverse processes of the vertebre. We find that the following comparisons are helpful, and that the species may be separated by their use: In proximus the first dorsal has 14 rays. 848 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. In navaga the first dorsal has 13 rays. In proximus first anal base=second dorsal base, and is 1.5 in head. In navaga first anal base=second dorsal base, and is 1.15 in head. In provimus the barbel is longer than pupil. In navaga the barbel is equal to or less than pupil. E. navaga has been recorded (Bean, 1882, as Tilesia gracilis) from Port Chatham, Cook Inlet; St. Paul, Kodiak; St. Michael. Port Clarence, Golwin Bay (Townsend 1887) as Pleurogadus navaga. St. Michael (Nelson 1887). St. Michael and Unalaska (Turner 1886). Port Clarence (Scofield, 1899). 260. Microgadus proximus ((rirard). This species was not found to be abundant, but was taken at various places from Seattle to Unalaska. Sixty-four specimens 1.25 to 10.5 inches long were secured from station 2869; Seattle; Cordova Bay; Chasina Anchorage; Cleveland Passage; Hunter Bay; Litnik Bay; Karluk, and Unalaska. It was recorded from Yakutat Bay by Bean (1882). Fig. 129.—Microgadus proximus (Girard). 261. Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius. Alaska Cod. We have in our collection 25 specimens 3.75 to 18 inches long taken by the Albatross at various times from 1894 to 1900 at the following places: Stations 3462 and 3600; Killisnoo; Ikatan Bay; Morz- hovoi and Petropauloysk. This species was one of the common fishes taken with hook and line, chiefly over the rail of the ship, and at many stations. At Litnik Bay 9 were taken in this manner, average weight 53 pounds, average length 25% inches; at Alitak Bay, 2, weighing 6 and 7 pounds and having a length of 23 and 26.5 inches, respectively; at Chignik Bay, 7, weighing from 7 to 14 pounds, total weight 66 pounds, length ranging from 26 to 33 inches, average length 28.64 inches; at Sand Point, Shumagin Islands, 7, weighing from 5 to 10 pounds, total weight 66 pounds, length ranging from 26 to 34.5 inches, average length 30.35; at Fox Harbor, 12, average length 27.33 inches and average weight 8 pounds; at Uyak Bay, 12, weighing from 6 to 15 pounds, total weight 106 pounds, average 8? pounds, length ranging from 25 to 36 inches, average length 29.5 inches. Many were seen swimming about under the slaughterhouse, where several were gaffed. At Fox Bay several young were caught in a dipnet over the rail. These small ones often seek protection, and perhaps food also. under jelly fishes. We have no record of any large examples of this cod from the Pacific, where it perhaps does not reach a weight exceeding 15 or 20 pounds. It reaches a much larger size in the Atlantic. The Gloucester Times of February 1, 1907, records the capture by Mr. Thomas Jesso at Little Bras d’or (Cape Breton) of a codfish 6 feet 4 inches long, weighing 142 pounds, and states that this is one of the largest ever caught. He states, however, that he has seen whole boat loads ranging from 30 to 80 pounds. The average of those brought to Gloucester probably does not exceed 15 pounds. Recorded by Bean (1882) as Gadus morrhua from Sitka; Old Sitka; off Marmot Island; St. Paul, Kodiak; Popoff Strait; Belkofski; Hiuliuk; Chernofski; Unalaska; St. Paul Island; Kygani Straits. Turner (1886), Shumagin Islands; Cook Inlet; throughout the Aleutian Islands. Gilbert (1895), Bering Sea at stations 3224, 3226, 3285, 3291, and 3301. Jordan & Gilbert (1899), Karluk; Belkofski; Unga; Unalaska; St. Paul and St. George. Scofield (1899), Chignik Bay. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 349 262. Antimora microlepis Bean. The collection contains a single example, no. 1315, 21 inches long, taken by the Albatross in Ber- ing Sea, 1895. The species was recorded from stations 3330 and 3331, Bering Sea, by Gilbert, 1895, 263. Lota maculosa (Le Sueur). Ling. Said to be common in Lake Bennett, Tagish Arm, Lake Atlin, and probably in all suitable waters in the Yukon basin. Two specimens were secured in Lake Bennett in July, 1903, one 4.5 inches long taken along shore and the other 25 inches long in a gill net set at the bottom of the lake. Recorded by Murdoch (1885) from Meade and Kuahru rivers. Nelson (1887) Nulato; Fort Reliance; Andreafski, Yukon River; Kotlik. Turner (1886), Yukon River. Gilbert (1895), Nushagak. Fig. 130.—Lota maculosa (Le Sueur). Family 50. MACROURID. 264. Albatrossia pectoralis (Gilbert). Recorded from Albatross station 3634, off Bogoslof Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 265. Bogoslovius clarki (Jordan & Gilbert). (Pl. xx.) Originally described from Albatross station 3634, off Bogoslof Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 266. Bogoslovius firmisquamis (Gill & Townsend). We have a single specimen 21.5 inches long from Albatross station 3274, Bering Sea, June 27. 1890. 267. Chalinura serrula (Bean). Originally described by Bean (1891) from east of Prince of Wales Island, Albatross station 2859. 350 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES, 268. Macrourus acrolepis (Bean). The collection contains 2 specimens, nos, 2601 and 2599, 5 and 8 inches long, dredged at station 3784, north of Aleutian Islands, 1900. Recorded from Albatross station 3634, off Bogoslof Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). ; Fic. 131.—Macrourus acrolepis (Bean). 269. Macrourus cinereus ((ilbert). We have 4 specimens, 7.5 to 17.5 inches long, dredged in 660 fathoms at station 3634, in Bering Sea, July 7, 1896, and one specimen, no. 2959, 17 inches long, dredged at station 4267, off Cape Edge- cumbe, 1903. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska Island at stations 3307 and 3329; has been recorded from station 3634, off Bogoslof Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). Tic. 132.—Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert). Family 51. PLEURONECTIDA. The Flounders. 270. Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert). Seven specimens, 6 to 28 inches long, are in the collection from Attu Island, and Bering Sea (August 10, 1895) and stations 3789, 4223, 4283. Others were seen or collected at Boca de Quadra; Behm Canal; Loring; in trap at Dundas Bay; and at stations 4231 and 4272; and one, 28 inches long, in very bad Bull. U. S. B. F. 1906. PLATE XXII. BOGOSLOVIUS CLARKI JORDAN & GILBERT. TYPE. THE FISHES OF ALASKA, Byayb condition, was collected at station 3608, Bering Sea. This large specimen differs from current descrip- tions in having the teeth not conspicuously arrow-shaped (a few are faintly so), and in having the inter- orbital broad, 2 in eye, and not ridged. It gives the following measurements: Head 3.3 in length; depth 2.8; eye 5.1 in head; snout 3.6; maxillary 1.6; mandible 1.5; pectorals 2.5; caudal lunate, its length 1.65; dorsal 110; anal 86; gillrakers 3+11, roughish, strong, broad, and short, longest about 3 in eye; scales smooth to the touch, not firmly attached; head, premaxillary and mandible scaled. This species has been recorded (Bean, 1882) from Port Etches, off Afognak; off Popoff Island, Shumagins, Bean (1884), Wrangell and Naha Bay. Gilbert (1895), from many stations north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay. Jordan & Gilbert (1899), Unalaska. Scofield (1899), Unga and Karluk, and Chignik Bay. Fic. 133.—Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnzus). 271. Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linneus). Halibut. Halibut were often seen and were often taken with hook and line in various places. No specimens were saved, but numerous examples were measured and weighed. The following table gives the results and the important data concerning the examples: Locality. Length. | Width. | Weight. | Locality. | Length. | Width. | Weight. | | Inches. | Inches. | Pounds. | | Inches. | Inches. | Pounds. Head of Karta Bay -.-....-...- TOION ees | @155.0 | Killisnoo......... =31] 32.5 10.50 14.0 Cleveland Passage... 3 s 18.00 i eile 455.0 | 19.00 | 75.0 Dome. = 5 .0 12.50 | 30. {| Bod | 9.5 Do.. d| 0 9.50 : 10.5 Do. : -0 9.00 h 8.5 Do. -| 0 9.00 8200i| * Dors-<2- | 5 10.5 Doss: < ho 9.75 1.0 | 10.00 9.0 Dundas Ba 58.0 16.00 120.0 | 6.00 12.5 Do. -0 9.00 4.0 || Sitka. .-.--..--- 7.00 4.5 Do. 0 9.25 | 5.0) 17.00 | 60.0 Do. 9.0 9.00 0.0 = - (e) ID Yolen es 0 5.00 7.0 || Shakan -00 8.0 Paviof Bay -0 9.00 9.0 Do. 13.00 16.0 Killisnoo. - | 0 8.00 | 6.0 Do. 11.00 | 8.0 Do. | 23.5 7.50 5.5 || Loring 16.00 | 20.0 Dos. z| 20.0 6.50 3.5 DOL ened 2 seo et kan Soe eee 17.00 | 22.0 WMOeSe. eee s tetra eens | 23.5 are} 5.5 || | | | a In the stomach of the 155-pound example were found Cancer antennarius, fragments of clam shells, backbone ofa fish and a large stone with partly digested barnacles on it. The brain with part of the skull of this example was saved; the brain was very small, no larger than 4 peas. + The stomach of another example (from Cleveland Passage) contained 2 pollocks ( Theragra chalcogramma) , 2 anemones, and a lot ofgravel. Another (Pavlof Bay) had a Ceratocottus dicerausinits stomach. Onecaught at Killisnoo (the 75-pound example) had about 6 large crabs in its stomach, and another from the same place contained a Ceratocottus diceraus. ¢Stomach contained head of an Enophrys bison. d Six large crabs in stomach. e About 200. In addition to the examples caught a few were seen swimming about at Uyak. Mr. John N. Cobb reports having seen and helped weigh at Juneau in the summer of 1904 a 365-pound halibut. ooO2 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. The halibut has been recorded (Bean 1880) from Port Althorp; Chugachik, Cook Inlet; off Marmot Island, and St. Paul, Kodiak. Bean (1882), Unalaska; St. Michael and Sitka as Hippoglossus vulgaris. Gilbert (1895), from all the Cod Banks and at stations 3218. 3230, 3238, and 3239. Turner (1886), St. Michael and Attu as Hippoglossus vulgaris. Jordan & Gilbert (1899), St. Paul, Unga, Unalaska, and Karluk. Scofield (1899), Chignik Bay. 272. Lyopsetta,exilis (Jordan & Gilbert). The collection contains 48 specimens 2.5 to 9.25 inches long, collected at stations 2870, 4191, 4194, 4197, 4223, 4226, and near Seattle. It was also seen or taken at stations 4219, 4223. 4233, 4243, 4250. All of these stations are off southeastern Alaska or British Columbia. The species was not seen north of Wrangell. 3 273. Eopsetta jordani (Lockington). The collection contains two examples, no. 2097, a specimen 19 inches long collected at hydrographic station 3373 off Alaska, 1893, N. 54°51’, W. 164°, 27’; and no. 2106, a specimen 16.5 inches long collected off Cape Flattery, no date. The species is recorded from Unalaska (Townsend 1887) as Hippoglossoides jordant. 274. Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert. We have 91 specimens varying from 2 to 15 inches in length and dredged at the following stations: 2870, 3460, 3600, 4214, 4215, 4218 to 4220, 4223, 4226, 4234, 4243, 4254, 4255, 4268 to 4272, 4274, 4275, 4278, 4280, 4281 to 4283, 4285 to 4288, 4292, 4295, and 4296. These stations extend from off Port Townsend (4214) to Bering Sea. Fic. 134.—Iippoglossoides elassodon Jordan «& Gilbert. The species was also seen at stations 4224, 4233, 4242, 4248, 4249, 4250, and 4256. The following is a color note on a specimen dredged at station 4244: Light rusty or grayish, with a few blackish blotches, 1 at base of caudal peduncle plainest; fins light, much blotched with black; anal 65. The young are much slenderer than large examples; one specimen 3.25 inches long had a depth of 3.75 inlength. This species has the nostril ina somewhat conspicuous tube. Inaspecimen from station 4223 the scales are smooth, not rough on middle of eyed side. In this character there seem to be consid- erable differences. though not any constant enough to make different speties. TT. elassodon has also heen recorded (Bean 1882) from St. Paul, Kodiak; Humboldt Harbor, Shu- magins; Iliuliuk; Unalaska; and St. Michael. Gilbert (1895), from many stations north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay. Jordan & Gilbert (1899), off Karluk. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 3538 275. Psettichthys melanostictus Girard. The collection contains 7 specimens, 6.25 to 15 inches long, collected off Cape Flattery, at Seattle (1888), and near Marrowstone Point (1903). Recorded from Wrangell (Bean 1882). Fic. 135.—Psettichthys melanostictus Girard. 276. Parophrys vetulus Girard. Twenty-two specimens 1.75 to 8.5 inches long collected at the following places: Marrowstone Point; Klawak; Gabriola Island; Kilisut Harbor; Port Townsend; Yakutat; and Fort Rupert. Others were seen or collected at Seattle; Tribune Bay; Marrowstone Point; Quarantine Station; Kilisut Harbor; and stations 2869, 3460, 4214, 4219, 4221, 4269, and 4271. Some of the small specimens have ground color brown, irregularly blotched with black. There are, however, on the same specimen, round blotches of black somewhat smaller than eye at regular intervals around the body just below base of dorsal and above base of anal; in some specimens these dark blotches have smaller white blotches between them; asmall white blotch at each end of interorbital region; a distinct white spot just below axil of pectoral, another at base of ventral, these quite constant in all our specimens; fins decidedly blotched. Fic. 136.—Inopsetta ischyra (Jordan & Gilbert). 277. Inopsetta ischyra (Jordan & Gilbert). Recorded from Unalaska (Nelson 1887). 278. Isopsetta isolepis (Lockington). We have 4 specimens, 10.5 to 12 inches long, collected at Seattle and stations 2869, 4276, and 4297. B. B. F. 1906—23 354 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 279. Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres). This flounder is widely distributed. It takes the hook readily and was frequently taken over the rail. It was also frequently seen in the salmon traps and many were seined. Seventy-eight specimens, ranging in length from 2.25 to 17 inches, were secured, being taken at Marrowstone Point; Cordova Bay; Dundas Bay; Funter Bay; Hunters Bay; Ketchikan; Tongass Harbor; Sitka; New Morzhovoi; Akutan Bay; Agattu Island; Attu Island; Yakutat; Isanotski (Issannakh) Strait; Karluk; Unalaska; and stations 3598 (Bering Sea), 4193, 4212, 4219, 4262, 4268, 4269, 4272, 4273, 4277, and 4278. Fig. 137.—Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres). It has also been recorded (Bean 1882) from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Chugachik Bay and Port Chatham, Cook Inlet; St. Paul, Kodiak; Humboldt Harbor and Popoff Straits, Shumagins; Tluliuk and Nateekin Bay, Unalaska; Nazan Bay, Atka; Chichagof Harbor, Attu; St. Paul Island. Gilbert (1895) took it abundantly at Unalaska and Chernofski harbors, at Herendeen Bay and Hage- meister Island, and at 58 different stationsin Bristol Bay. St. Paul Island, and station 3637, off St. George, and Unalaska (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). Chignik Bay (Scofield 1899). Fic. 138.—Limanda aspera (Pallas). 280. Limanda aspera (Pallas). Taken at Pyramid Harbor; Cordova Bay; Karta Bay; Yakutat Bay; Shumagin Islands; and stations 3781 (off Kamchatka) and 4269. Five specimens preserved, ranging in length from 1.75 to 15 inches. The specimen from off Kamchatka is 15 inches long and agrees fairly well with current descriptions of THE FISHES OF ALASKA, 855 the species, but differs in having the opercle and preopercle scaled and not naked below; the gillrakers are stout and short, about the length of pupil; caudal is truncate. Recorded (Bean 1882), from Sitka; St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins. Bean (1884), Wrangell and Tongass. Gilbert (1895) took it in abundance at Herendeen Bay and at 24 different stations in Bristol Bay. Townsend (1887), Kotzebue Sound. Fic. 139.—Limanda proboscidea Gilbert. 281. Limanda proboscidea Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3239, 3240, and 3248 in Bristol Bay, and from Herendeen Bay. Fic. 140.—Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pallas. 282. Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pallas. Eight specimens, 3.5 to 15 inches long, taken at Sand Point, Snug Harbor, New Morzhovoi, and station 4287. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) as abundant at Chernofski Harbor and Herendeen Bay, and at stations 3240, 3244, 3251, and 3252, Bristol Bay. Chignik Bay and Port Clarence (Scofield 1899.) 356 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 283. Liopsetta glacialis ( Pallas). We have 4 specimens, 6.75 to 9 inches long, collected by the Albatross on the Asiatic coast at Pertopaulski and Tareinski harbors (1900). The species has been recorded from Hotham Inlet and Chamisso Island, Kotzebue Sound (Bean 1882). Unalaska and Attu islands and St. Michael (Turner 1886). St. Michael (Nelson 1887). Port Clarence (Scofield 1899). Mouth of Naknek and Nushagak rivers, and at station 3232 in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895). Fig. 141.—Liopsetta glacialis (Pallas). 284. Platichthys stellatus (Pallas). This is apparently the most abundant and widely distributed flounder in Alaska, many large examples being frequently taken in salmon traps. We have 41 examples, ranging in length from 0.5 to 11.25 inches, Fig. 142.—Platichthys stellatus (Pallas). taken at various places along the coast from Cape Flattery northward to the Alaskan peninsula and across to Kamchatka. The following localities are represented: Cape Flattery; Gabriola Island; Kilisut Harbor; Tribune Bay; Marrowstone Point; Mink Arm; Loring; Yes Bay; Helm Bay; Yakutat; Karluk; Nushagak; Unalaska; Petropaulski; and Tareinski Harbor. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. oO The two smallest specimens, those from Marrowstone Point, agree with the others in fin count, but differ somewhat in color, which is brown and mottled and flecked with white; a row of the white spots at bases of dorsal and anal more distinct than others. In the small specimens stellate prickles are present only along bases of dorsal and anal, with numerous pits, representing scales everywhere on body; in the medium size the scales are just beginning to appear along sides of body; in the large ones they are well developed all over the body. Fic. 143.—Platichthys stellatus (Pallas). This species has been recorded (Bean 1882), as Pleuronectes stellatus, from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Chugachik Bay, Cook Inlet; St. Paul, Kodiak; Hiuliuk, Unalaska; St. Michael; Ander- son River and Hotham Inlet, Kotzebue Sound. St. Michael and Unalaska (Nelson 1887). Mouth of the Nushagak River and stations 3229, 3235, 3239, 3240, and 3269, Bristol Bay (Gilbert, 1895). St. Paul; Unalaska, and Karluk (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). Port Clarence (Scofield 1899). 285. Microstomus pacificus ( Lockington). Eleven specimens ranging in length from 7.75 to 21 inches were secured at Isanotski (Issannakh) Strait, and stations 3447, 4230, 4233, 4234, 4264, 4293, 4296, and 4299. Most of these specimens are large (16 to 20 inches), and the number of dorsal and anal rays is more (dorsal 107, anal 91) than is usually given. The eye is slightly smaller, about 4 in head. The teeth in the lower jawrun from 16 to 20 and not 10. The species is also recorded from stations 3216 and 3333, Alaskan peninsula (Gilbert 1895). 286. Glyptocephalus zachirus ( Lockington). Thirty-six specimens, from 3 to 18 inches in length. This deep-water flounder was found to be quite common all along the Alaskan coast, being taken at many stations between 4201, off Fort Rupert, Van- couver Island, and 4287 in Uyak Bay. Many specimens were taken or observed at the following dredging stations: 4201, 4219, 4221, 4223, 4224, 4226, 4227, 4230, 4231, 4233, 4234, 4236, to 4238, 4243, 4246, 4248 to 4251. 4254, 4259, 4268 to 4270, 4272, 4283, 4287, 4296, and 4299. Recorded from Bering Sea and north Pacific generally (Gilbert 1895). 358 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 287. Citharichthys sordidus ( (Girard). We have a single specimen, no. 1680, 10.25 inches long, collected at Kyska Island, June, 1894. This extends the northern and western range of this species. It has not been recorded heretofore north of British Columbia. eal: SS Soe = Ne Fic. 144.—Citharichthys sordidus (Girard). 288. Citharichthys stigmezeus Jordan &Gilbert. The collection contains 1 specimen 4 inches long collected by J. P. Todd, near Seattle, in 1903, and 2 specimens, 3.75 to 4.25 inches long dredged at station 4219. BIBLIOGRAPHY. In the following bibliography are given, in alphabetical order, the titles of all papers dealing with the fish fauna of Alaska which we have been able to consult: BEAN, TARLETON H. 1879. On the occurrence of Stichxus punctatus (Fabr.) Kroyer, at St. Michaels, Alaska. Pro- ceedings U. 8. National Museum, vol. 1, 1878 (1879), p. 279. iS 1880. On the occurrence of Hippoglossus vulgaris Flem., at Unalashka and St. Michaels, Alaska. Proceedings U. 8. National Museum, vol. 1, 1879 (1880), p. 63-66. 1880. Description of a new fish from Alaska (Anarrhichas lepturus), with notes upon other species of the genus Anarrhichas. Proceedings U. 8. National Museum, vol. 11, 1879 (1880), p. 212-218. 1880. Descriptions of some genera and species of Alaskan fishes. Proceedings U. 8. National Museum, vol. m1, 1879 (1880), p. 353-359. 1882. Descriptions of new fishes from Alaska and Siberia. Proceedings U. 8. National Museum, vol. 1v, 1881 (1882), p. 144-159. 1882. A preliminary catalogue of the fishes of Alaskan and adjacent waters. Proceedings U. 8. National Museum, vol. rv, 1881 (1882), p. 237-272. 1882. Notes on a collection of fishes made by Capt. Henry E. Nichols, U. 8. N., in British Columbia and Southern Alaska, with descriptions of new species and a new genus (Delolepis). Pro- ceedings U. 8. National Museum, vol. tv, 1881 (1882), p. 463-474. 1883. Description of a new species of Alepidosaurus (A. xsculapius) from Alaska. Proceedings U.S. National Museum, vol. v, 1882 (1883), p. 661-663. 1883. List of fishes known to occur in the Arctic Ocean north of Bering Strait. From Cruise of the Revenue Steamer Corwin in Alaska and the N. W. Arctic Ocean in 1881 (1883), p. 118-120, 2 pl. 1884. Notes on a collection of fishes made in 1882 and 1883 by Capt. Henry E. Nichols, U.S. N., in Alaska and British Columbia, with a description of a new genus and species, Prionistius macellus. Proceedings U. 8. National Museum, vol. vr, 1883 (1884), p. 353-61. THE FISHES OF ALASKA, 359 Bean, Tarteton H.—Continued. 1885. Description of a new species of whitefish (Coregonus nelsonii) from Alaska. Proceedings U.S. National Museum, vol. vir, 1884 (1885), p. 48. 1886. Description of a new species of Aspidophoroides (A. giinther?) from Alaska. Proceedings U.S. National Museum, vol. vr, 1885 (1886), p. 74-75. 1887. The fishery resources and fishing grounds of Alaska. From The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, section m1, p. 81-116, 1887. 1889. Description of Coregonus pusillus, a new species of whitefish from Alaska. Proceedings U.S. National Museum, vol. x1, 1888 (1889), p. 526. 1890. The Alaska salmon and their allies. Transactions American Fisheries Society, 1890, p. 49-66, pl. -vn. 1891. New fishes collected off the coast of Alaska and the adjacent region southward. Pro- ceedings U. 8. National Museum, vol. xm, 1890 (1891), p. 37-45. 1895. Description of a new species of rockfish, Sebastichthys brevispinis, from Alaska. Proceedings U.S. National Museum, vol. xvi, 1894 (1895), p. 627-628. Beran, Tarteton H., and Brean, Barton A. 1896. Fishes collected at Bering and Copper islands by Nikolai A. Grebnitski and Leonhard Stejneger. Proceedings U. 8S. National Museum, vol. x1x, 1897 (1896), p. 237-251. 1898. Note on Oxycottus acuticeps (Gilbert) from Sitka and Kadiak, Alaska. Proceedings U.S. National Museum, vol. xxr, 1899 (1898), p. 655-656. Berarps eg, L. A. 1883. The salmon and trout of Alaska, from Fishing with the fly, by Charles F. Orvis and A. Nelson Cheney, 1883, p. 17-46. Corr, E. D. 1873. A contribution to the ichthyology of Alaska. Proceedings American Philosophical Society, 1873, p. 24-32. Dai, Winuiam H. 1870. Alaska and its resources, p. -xu-+1-628, map and illustrations. Boston, 1870. Eniorr, Henry W. 1882. Catalogue of the fishes of the Pribyloy Group. From A Monograph of the seal-islands of Alaska, by Henry W. Elliott, 1882, p. 136-137. GARMAN, 8. 1892. The Discoboli. Memoirs Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol. xtv, no. 2, 1892, p. 1-96, pl. xm. GILBERT, CHARLES HENRY. 1889. Description of a new species of Bathymaster (B. jordani) from Puget Sound and Alaska. Proceedings U. 8. National Museum, vol. x1, 1888 (1889), p. 554. 1895. The ichthyological collections of the Steamer Albatross during the years 1890 and 1891. Report U. 8. Fish Commission 1893 (1895), p. 393-476, pl. 20-35. Git, THEODORE. 1882. Bibliography of the fishes of the Pacific coast of the United States to the end of 1879. Bul- letin U. S. National Museum No. 11, 1882, p. 1-73. Haiock, CHARLES. 1877. The Sportsman’s Gazetteer and General Guide, p. 1-688, New York, 1877. Jorpan, Davin Starr, and Evermann, Barron WarRREN. 1896-1900. Fishes of North and Middle America, being Bulletin U. 8. National Museum No. 47, pt. Ftv, 1896-1900, p. 1-3313, pl. r-cecexen. 1904. Preliminary Report of the Alaska Salmon Commission. Document No. 477, House of Repre- sentatives, 58th Congress, 2d session. Jorpan, Davin Starr, and GinBpertT, CHARLES HENRY. 1899. The fishes of Bering Sea. From Report on the Fur-Seal Investigations, 1896-97, part 3 (1899), p. 483-492, pl. xum—-Lxxxv. 1883. Synopsis of the fishes of North America, being Bulletin No. 16 of the U. S. National Museum, 1882 (1883). 360 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Lockrincton, W. N. 1881. Description of a new fish from Alaska (Uranidea microstoma). Proceedings U.S. National Museum, vol. m1, 1880 (1881), p. 58-59. Moser, JEFFERSON F. 1902. Alaska salmon investigations in 1900 and 1901. Bulletin U. 8. Fish Commission, vol. xx1, 1901 (1902), p. 173-398. 1899. The salmon and salmon fisheries of Alaska. Report of the operations of the United States Fish Commission Steamer Albatross for the year ending June 30, 1898. Bulletin U. 8S. Fish Commission, vol. xvi, 1898 (1899), p. 1-178. Murpocnu, Joun. 1884. Fish and fishing at Point Barrow, Arctic Alaska. Transactions American Fish-Cultural Association, 1884, p. 111-116. 1885. Natural History, Report of the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska. Fishes, p. 129-132. Netson, Epwarp W. 1887. Field notes on Alaskan fishes, by Edward W. Nelson, with additional notes by Tarleton H. Bean. From Report upon Natural History Collections made in Alaska between the years 1877 and 1881 by Edward W. Nelson, edited by Henry W. Henshaw (1887), p. 295-322, pl. xmm—xx1. Oscoop, WitrrEeD H. 1901. Natural history of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. From North American Fauna, no. 21, Biological Survey, Department of Agriculture, 1901, p. 20. Rurrer, CLOUDSLEY. 1899. Notes on a collection of tide-pool fishes from Kadiak Island in Alaska. Bulletin U. 8. Fish Commission, vol. xvut, 1898 (1899), p. 189-192, 1 text-figure. Scorretp, NorMANn BisnHop. 1899, List of fishes obtained in the waters of Arctic Alaska. From Report on Fur-Seal Investiga- tions 1896-97, part 3 (1899), p. 493-509. Sairu, Hucu M. : 1904. A new cottoid fish from Bering Sea. Proceedings Biological Society of Washington, vol. xvi, Dec. 27, 1904, p. 163-164. ToOwNSEND, CHARLES H. : 1887. Notes on the natural history and ethnology of northern Alaska. From Report of the Cruise of the Revenue Marine Steamer Corwin in the Arctic Ocean in the year 1885 (1887), by Captain M. A. Healy, U. S. R. M., Commander, p. 95-96, two plates. True, F. W. 1889. Statement regarding the natural history specimens collected by the Corwin. From Report of the Cruise of the Revenue Marine Steamer Corwin in the Arctic Ocean in the year 1884 (i889), by Captain M. A. Healy, U.S. R. M., Commander, p. 127. Turner, L. M. 1886. Researches in Alaska, pt. 1v, Fishes. From Contributions to the Natural History of Alaska, Results of investigations made chiefly in the Yukon District and the Aleutian Islands; con- ducted under the auspices of the Signal Service, United States Army, extending from May, 1874, to August, 1881 (1886), p. 87-113, plates 1-15. PLATE XxXiil BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 aye yinpy NOW1VS YOVEdWNH A. HOEN & CO., LITH. BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 A PLATE XXIV HUMPBACK SALMON HOEN & CO.,, LITH. Breeding male PLATE XXV BULL..U. S.B. F: 1/906 ajewey 3iNpy NOW1YS YOV8dWNH LITH. A. HOEN & CO., PLATE XXVI BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 ajewiay Buipeaig NOW VS XOVadWNH A. HOEN & CO., LITH. PLATE XXVII BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 ajew Suipeaig NOW1VS SOQ A. HOEN & CO., LITH, LUNES Ui Sy (ek F. 1906 PLATE XXVIII DOG SALMON Breeding female A. HOEN & CO., LITH. PLATE XXIxX BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 ajew 3npy NOW1YS NOONIHO & CO., LITH. HOEN A. BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 o, ie ry tenes eeeewereise wereee wate PLATE XXX CHINOOK SALMON HOEN & CO., LITH. Adult Female PLATE Xxx] BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 ajew yinpy NOW1VS OHOD YO YRATIS Messe aS "ey LITH. A. HOEN & CO., PLATE XXXII BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 aS) x ajew Buipaaig NOW1VS OHOD YO YSATIS LITH. A. 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U. S. B. F. 1906 PLATE XXxXIll RED SALMON Adult male A. HOEN & CO., LITH, PLATE XXXIV BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 ajewu Buipeeig NOW1VS G3u A. HOEN & CO,, LITH. PLATE XXXV BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 ajewa;y .Npy NOW1¥S G34 A. 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U. S. B. F. ajeulay Buipesaig NOW1VS G34u LITH A. HOEN & CO., PLATE XXXVII BUCS US S26.) F111 906 ajeweas 3jNpy LNOYL LYOYHLLND VAXSVIV HOEN & CO.,, LITH, A. i ‘*) tae a A a 4 o | 7 - 7 a of a : al ae i. oe 7 wD 3 wm Lo “gs a : > ] 0 i om — 5 ee - 7 : Py _ ‘ 5 ; = pe 7 ; - La 4 a on _ ” es a .§ : os > a a7 ¢ r 7 : 7 - - _ F ne a ie - Y 7 7 = 7 ee a 7 a - - sip i on) a = 7 4 : ps _ > ' = _ ; : ae ; - _ ; = 7 _ . : & 7 Ww ; i = - - - } - J an ’ 7 a | | = ¥ i _ ee. 2 . ® 7 . : ' te « ; 7. ais) Roe < - aa ' 7 pe = P Rocnaell we - —— = - an _ a 7 / - _ nat : : - ee, 7 or — = mete . = =a 7 - - 7 >) yee : = * . an eer e<) =o) . ae _ 7 a ~—S S sy 7 5 : , bs . 7 7 7 _ ae a a : 5 a »s - a8 _ — » 7 : . - a 7. > owe —- ar 7 ce 7" - ® Ss ie > ot aa “4 a @ : ~~ : -. ’ = nen eo ~ 7 iw a -_ ; a 7 » Ae © 7,2 _. la a i. -~ » = a : a vs > - = : *S os re : - om a 7 =) See aad eam G 7 7 7 9 ina eA Vo — 4 : an 1 ; ao _, = a : ’ ®.« ' 7 1 Pw) a "hh vy a Lo _ cia . 7 a” ~- of i ’ - , x 7 = i. 7 oleae < i 7 : Lae _ _ Sy - =] _* —_ 7 z -_ i : a he 7 7 é een per. - “a _— a” 4 = 7 a ; = . - - Pe OS _ ; anne _» ~ ia ~~ - : . -_ — > 4? ee . a , 7 — - re —- ¥ - = > 4 he 7 - ry ‘4 ay _ _— o - = - fe ivy a —— - : y) - D : _— > x 5 : - - + @ 7 7 : oy + _ 7 = , ee. i 7 17 te i a oe ’ 7 7 > ; 7 ~ ~ ee 4 ™ : 7 ’ a - 7 7 wes ] 7 —_ ry 7 . 4 sal 7 - 7 - a , 7 a 7 7 ee 3 7 ._ ——— 7 = .ie : 7 ’ ee - 7 7 - - te , ; is ~ : se > Ee ; a 7 | a Se o_ 7 7 er, - vo. er eee 7 | a = 7 - ; j ; re > — fe ps eee ‘Aly sae . 9 ae BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 PLATE XXXVIII STEELHEAD TROUT A. HOEN & CO., LITH. BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 PLATE XXXIX ALASKA RAINBOW TROUT A. HOEN & CO., LITH, Adult female PLATE XL BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 ayewiey 3INpy INOWL N3GYYA A110G A, HOEN & CO., LITH. BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 PLATE XLI ALASKA GRAYLING A. HOEN & CO., LITH. BUEE USS. B. F. 1906 PLATE XLII A. HOEN & CO., LITH. RED ROCKFISH GEN RAL EN DRX: Page. ADDIeVIata, -ACaANUNOCepOla joie. aes ean ne Soe 27 Mowe Co, I SER a se scenacosas pao cooencn SSB eoneEsase 230 Albudeldufiantjeriusss =. ceca ose te ca cee ia ete 93 Lye Ci ley SSSA SOB eE neRBaRendadaacueoas 92 curacao .. 93 cyaneus. 92 glaucus. x 93 ISR AIL LUG srse sclera trae oe eect 28 BOP LCINLASCLAUUS bre ete afore ae tatetatatata aia c-so-c.2ss cesses eak cece ase e 269 miectisicliigrise. 2: --=-0cecaeesce-senee=-Osesee seses= ces 14 Alepas percarinata. 185 TO Xecmtemeeretc tae 186 aleutensis, Lyconectes. 341 BIGHILIAMUS ;SODASLOdeS a. \ sm 5 eres eS ee ee seo ane 284 alentica) Rajaeccsasss sce. secre ee ce aeco- cece ncees sence 230 Page. ISU PICIISe COLLUS bean mn eehee een a oe emcee ees ele 308 FPN OCOD LOIS ea sae cies e tee site ion eteeiieia aioe = 316 alexander, Pomacentrus......-...--.----- 90 FAUOSS SA pIGISSIM Bares tees o eee en ee ene 234 aloha, Rooseveltia-. . 212 altivelis;\Cromileptes< ==. =j)-< 2-:csceseostsce>scecserces 19,78 SeEHAStOlODUSh= cece ee es ees ee eta = 280 AU LOLasMONOCELOSSe-ee eae eer ease sce aoa e eae tis 36 elutes /Se@bastodes.s)-22 sence so-cidece ene sagas see nicimn'e 283 PEN TaEAI RD Fs USA a de ROM a ERAS aR OoTae 11 J Nasi YA GH So pSStaenesaSadeeonuecnanescces sees seeGr 18,75 JAMDASSIS'KOPSI'<,- ses eee eee 30 | Dankierl, Abudetduflss: a... seo ca--s ee esier eee eee 92 ibarbata eallasin access nese see eae see ae eee 328 barberinus, Pseudupeneus.- 25,88 barbulifer, Rhinoliparis. - 334 bartoni, Aspidophoroides 330 bataviensis, Platycephalus<=--2.--2-----se- 2. ons seeee 103 Batrachoidid ee... << =e oceania oe cee = oe ee 335 Bathyagonus nipripinnisssee. see +s... eee eee 329 bathybius, Histiobranchus..........-.......---.3 ese 231 Bathylagusiborealiss= =. 5-2 aesesssec ee tee ee 270 Bathymaster signatus: 2s2..22--2ee-se- eos e ee eee 334 Bathymasterids:: <. 225225 econ nec emeese se eens oe ae 334 beani! Triglops:.-22222-:)2222 see See see eee 301 beldingi, Cottus. 309 belengeri, Johnius- 87 bellum, Poecilasma . 183 Belonids: -22022-5 5 Senet eee See ee eee epee 8,58 bennetti, :Canthigaster: 22. ic 2222 ee asec seeeerse 101 Bery cid 5c ct Sassen ae aes ane oe ane 275 Hiaculeatus;/Gasterotvokeus 2s s- 52sec sale 10,57 bicolor#Holacanthustecse sce eens aaa ee eer 34 bicommis;celns: 322 22.2 cae n= ie ace eee eee 300 bifasciatus, Pseudupeneus . 88 Big California skate - --- 229 | bilineata, Lepidopsetta . 354 bilineatum, Scolopsis - - 84 bilobus, Histiocottus - 324 inoculate WRajals. saace aoa sae ee ee eee 229 binotopsis; Halichoeres—- 2-2 2-=-2 = sence see aeeleea ene 29 Diocellatus, Glossogobius2s. - =.= <<. = ssinas—ae-me see 104 bison, LenOphrys 2 nace. ee 210 Gjedda barns cece rs Page. | Chauliodusimacouni-ec.cesctesaasee alee ase ease ae 271 | Cheilinus chlorurus. - 93 | fasciatus. 93 | rostratus 31 | trilobatustess- cee se eee eee 31 | Cheilio inermis e222. .s--> nee eraeaenarte 5 CodfishesSas-* soo. 8 8k nea eee ee eee 346 COPNATUS; COLTUS? tae casc esas eee a eae ae eters 307 colliei, Hydrolagus...--.2-- 2-220. 22-2 see cene oor ces 230 colletti Careproctus crc csce- meeseee cese aan ee 333 Colly busi drachime So) 2255-6 ects ee aan eta 211 commersoniana, Anchovia:.. .. -- 222222. = === == =-e= 5 commersoni, Scomberomorus.......---.-..----..--.--- 13 compressus, Canthigaster. <7. 2 ..0-22ceeteet< cena 37,101 cceruleopunctatus, Searichthys.....-.-.--------------- 95 CONG 2 tase = cas ea tas ac aa ae Sen ae el a teceieteteteee 249 concavus, Balanus =. 22): 222. 2e sacs sonia ea ele eee 199 COTICOLOT ws VCOGOS a2 2 oats ata eminent sia cleats 342 Conopea'paleatussc ox. oo2 vac csectes seo see tae 204 cordyla,; Megalaspis. .-....<.- 22... 002-2 osense-ee eos == 65 Coregonus kennicotti. 234 TlelSODN cas ase es epee ae eee ee eet 235 GENERAL INDEX. Page. Coregonus quadrilateralis...----- 2.2.2.2 -2-2-o-ece ne 234 cornutum, Ostracion...... 36 cornutus, Holocentrus 60 Corypheena hippurus. . 123 Corythroichthysjelerses- sees. 24s oe eee eee eee 57 Spicifer-./s6- 253 .0nsesn- sects ees 9 Cottidee ssa .2 sate cot see er eee eee ee ee ee 296 Cottusaleuticuss: soe -essee > seen sede see ee eee 308 FF) 0) Cee Se Pa em 306 beldingi®: <5 3224 22cs2-sn25- peer ee eee £09 Chamberlaini® oo cntes-asce aes oe eee 208 CORTIA GUS Sie ate apa ee eastern ee ate £07 GulOsUS.:. 2-2 c sate cee one b-2 eee eee eee £66 Spilotus* neo acsee oes ce eee eee =c9 erameri,;Sabastodes=. - 222.5 ne eee 285 1 crassispinus, Muelatichthys_—-—.. ...22--2- 125 Golichopaster, PHOS... So aencc-= eee onesie eee 337, 338 DD Ollys Warden OWT a= ae we oe ieee ee eee 264 Dayal sites Hoa oes oeseoaae 123 dorab, Chirocentrus......- 4,53 Dorosomatide. ....-- 5,54 COTBAI eM NALS SSOM Bere a eee ae eit tater = neers 31 Doryichthys'spaniaspis<..<- << oe. eee cee aries ae 10 Grachimes Golly DUS sa see nee merece a aaa eer 211 PD) ED HES ULC GA ape ssl ea ta alata ala =i ee 33 IDG eGhaNe FDS ae cop encasecosmecaccndareaoyscsconessecs 33 GUIS: Cha LOP trust sya ee ia ale sta a tota malo wtaratel2 elaine 213 Dusky; shark, parasite of. ~~. -.. 2-2-2222 cessen ae 122, 123 DUSsuNtiEriaelopsoldesie sc --— cmc ms calla are eel ln 5 dussumieri, Leiognathus. 15, 67 Umbrina -..- E dussumierii, Ityporhamphus 58 BDUCNeUM RUA S eee n lee seee ne eee 104 Food: of buttextish:= csc -o:555 soe ee ee ee 1285) (Gray troute..-22-<-52. =" 123 hammerhead): 0222 222 gee ees ee eee ee 127 | Grayling, Alaska....... 266 trout WAakevlah OG: ee eee = eee eee 149) || Graylings syn.esse see ee = 266 Pwinibakes 2.5. css aste cee san cece 164°| Great BearLakebullhead=: 2) eo ose.e scene ees 307 forficata; Klamura tise. of es ee ee ee eee eee 303 Wakes‘ troutac: cc. ace ee ee ee ae 263 Pork-talled:catfishics-->--s) tees: sheer ee aan 124 SCUIPION SS 6 -iosae ee aces seen ion ha eee 310 forskaliiVAthering 2.82 ce sone ee eee ee ree 59)| Green'sturgeon:-. - 22 2-0 = eeeaee eee eee 231 forsteri, Cararixse: 22 x 52 a2 ee eee ee aera 13 294 fowleri, Microdonophis:2 S25. 222225252 eee non eee oe 208}|) Greenline Allaskals 2. nc. ene ee eee eee ee 293 frenata, Amia....... 71s Greenlings. =. .-22-e secs a 290 freerl;, Caranx 2:22 02eee se ree ee ee ee 63 griseolineatum, Siphostoma. . 275 329 gruvelianum, Scalpellum........... 197 332 | secundum, Sealpelum........ 198 Therasrats (eek sok es tcc sees foes eee eee 347) gulosus, Cottbus) ..22- 2-2 2--=- ease 346 pistilliger® 5.2: (ssc cco ee 319 Gadus macrocephalus 348 | Gymmocranius lethrinoides.............-.-.-------2-2< 81 gairdneri, Salmo...... z 260 | gymnopterus, Murzenichthys........-.....-....-.----- 6 galeatus, Balanus (Conopea) -.- 204 Gymnosarda pelamis -.... 61 Gymnocanthis. 2... 2cosa22 esses 319) || Gymmothorax afer: 22. -22---< <<...) ee ee 56 Galeichthys:milbertits 52-222 .sse. 22 sete eee nee 124 DHilippinus ss see epee eee iS 1 Gasterosteidee:,- 2.2.22: 2.20. eases nose aaeeae eae ee 273 richardsonis2. SS ooresen ome 65 iralosoma Steuhojwlisee.. nes ee ne eee see sean 30 JAS, SAVES ONG oes oo oes ecnoo nebo ames been: CeaseeBeee 70 kendalli, Cephalopholis. 76 kennicotti, Coregonus. 234 Kennicott’s whitefish - 234 ke bas ONCOEDVNCHUG. =m a6 eee ieee ten eet a em 242 IGS pAb GG oe Sat eee tee ae oerenen stots: Soa OOS oee 244 asitch Oncor ynchuSe a. cv cep setae oo scl ee ete tee a 249 lemming CO cebOd Oller tae ae etter aan we en 34 KO XLO SUL COC OD gee eT Bn fetes alee eerie le ra 71 KON OSINUSs UMTISS Bi octet ars iaeiala sleet ie eae ie = ecole 54 kopsi, Ambassis 18 ISG By peli p DOCAIM DUS i ayaaleee a= see ae iele oe ol ale meer 10 kuhli, Dasyatis.-..- 4 kurra, Decapterus ....... (3 Labracinus melanotzenia. 95 ULISPUOSE = t-feisin setae ee meee ee cla ste ciclo 95 IW OMG. 5 ae Sa ceeln- ode aS Sees eeooe sae aaa sooeees 28,93,214 Tabroides;paradiseuss.. 242. -o-senq-e see eee eee 94 TG RCtATiUS JACtATIUS see mat a eee seen c= asi o sat 63 lactarius, Lactarius- 63 lacerta, Callyodon. - 31,96 lacunosa, Atherina.........-... 59 Lagocephalus hypselogeneion.............--.. 100 lagocephalus, Hexagrammos..-.-.-......-.--- 2) 295. Wea Odom OmMBOCS ee ayers creces oe ames eee elvis 124 Gakeubahoe description-cer = 24-c0m2--css- oe ceeeceesse 138 phy sicalieahures = eee aetna 138 Jol Nel qi) 0\ oe eee ne cee or antec omercosace 140 trout...---.- 133-146 trout fishing. - 133-146 VePOLa tlONe eee sere nnee vee eee mae ant 140 368 Dake trout. Jo 2. -cctesce wcmeces car cenen ee oem eee Lampanyctus gemmifer Lampetra aurea.) -- > ---ee---- a Lamprey eels: 23.5222: 2 2-4 sen oes eee ee ees eee DaMprey 8-5-6 ose sc ce oes Sone Caen sae ee aaa langsar; Sphyrena-ce ek - fee oe os ee ene eee eee larvale; Scalpellum: 25.2 2~cmwcs- = sete ere cece en aeeee lateralis; Teeniotoce: tec. c ease einenes ee eats laticeps: Meralocottus:=..2-scneasseeee een eeaeee cee latifrons, Stelgidinotus Xenochirus. latipinnis, Zaniolepis DBtUN COS 5: SAN ae oat le a o o ae aie eee eee eee eae lauretts; ATeyrosomus=. -2..sss2-- sees tse eee Least whitefish Lelognathusidussumicrite -)rc nee eee seca eee eee edontulalcsn serene cee an eee ie oes nee ediwardstet .22)ecs.- sees steer ene eee 68 LASCIATIS es so oe oe ee en eas ieee eel 15,69 Splendens i ee.5 22 eee ee oe ee 67 stercorarius. 67 virgatus.- -..-. 67 leiuroides, Tylosurus. . . - as 58 leiurus; “ylosurus: 2s. ee sec se coe eee Seen tee eee 8 TLekali salmon on 2 seco es sae tae eee oe eee 242 Lepa did: sate Secacecs scene ee oe oe ee eae eee 181,193 leparensis HM alich cares se on. = een eee eee eee 95 hepas/anatiferd)s=S.2252 ccc: asanaeets Soames eee eens 193 fascicularis: 52. 0.1. oes 25 een esen ee sare eneneae 193 pectinata Js. Sie iscs eee ee eae ane See ee 193 Lepidaploismacrurus! 2: 2.2 see ase eee ee 29 mesothora 94 Lepidopsetta bilineata- . 354 Leptecheneis naucrates. as 40 Leptocephalidas: -22ces 217 | merckii, Coregonus. ....--- 235 Merluccid-2-- 3--2=---- ==: 345 Merluccius productus 345 merra, Epinephelus- 75 mesothorax, Lepidaplois. - 94 metopias: Nemipterus=: <2 262 <2 ee2 osisicinganccanel-> === 22 Microbuglossusihimilis t=. een ee nee see ee sae 46 microcephalus; SOUWUIOSHS.=2— <2 ==- == =n aaa = =e 228 AMICTOCON Cry CLOUNONG ss aera eae seen e eee aa 271 Microdonophis fowleri--.-.---..--- 208 polyophthalmus ... re alte Microgadus proximus.....-...--. 347, 348 MICTOIEPIAOUUS | SCONE Tee ae ata noe emanate isle ele 12,61 MUCTOI DIS ATIINOLA in ae oe eee anc eala 349 | microphthalmus, Myripristis...-..----.---.------------ 60 jeMicropogomnndulatusee. m=: eceeeee a= ean 124 MUI CEOSLOTING ot anes tae ee ete = a= eters 271 MACTOStOIMUSPACIICUS = 462 sae se sean ae een ee ee 357 milberti, Galeichthys. v miniatus, Halichceres. Iinuta, Gazza..........-- a mMiny remus; GyriniGhth ys: = sae... -see-- ester = n= 334 IN ONOTHS PIAL Bel secs e ceee i= een tea ate elei ciee 17 HOLY GUUS see eee ot ee eee ee a eae 17 mirabilis; Orystallichthyses------=-seeese-se-ce see ae 333 | amos, Pseudupeneus. =.= o22 2. essse- tense ne-4- ee se 88 TLOSTIAN COED TITS Hoye oo ee emanate ete emer ara 86 mollis, Bothrocara...- 344 | moluccensis, Harengula-..- 4,53 Pomacentrus. 89 | Monacanthid@.__.-.-.......-------------.--~--------- 36, 100 jeMonacanthus CHInGnSiS seca sewer sce e ee eee e eee een eee 333 Ostichthysipill wake ce es a= clatter 208 Ostraciideen\-. = 353 3-seweec acc SO eden case ee sea 36, 101 Ostracion!comutumen o.oo. eae e en eee eee 36 gibbosumia = sacs. 2 aoe eee ee 36, 101 tuberculatims. =. ---.se = ee ee ee 36, LOL Otobothrium crenacolle--~- <<. 22 ooo gan wee eee 114 description . . 1l4 life history. . 127 Otolithus argenteus...........-- 5 87 ovenli; Nemipteruse ic. 2.c-m= a= ets eet 21, 82 Oxylebiusipictis2: 20 c..-ss- -2 > soe eee eee 296 Oxyuxichthus cristatus=2------222s-ssse =o eee es 44, 104 MONCHO GUS Sint oa sles ere ae 218 Lentacularis® sone sceen eee eee 45 pacificum;:Scalpellm| 222-2 -c=- cee nese sae eeee ee 182 pacificus, Artediellus. . rE aOg, Wy COdOpsissc~csiecc= saeco eee ees 342 GENERAL INDEX. pacificus, Microstomus..........--------- Bosncpesnacsae PUhaletchthy Ser qs ase see aee se ee 268 pachycentron, Cephalopholis. ..-.....- 76 palad, Platophrys......-.....------ -- 105] palearis, Lycodes- . 342,343 POHLIE SH CLP OR seine sm ate in -/oecisjme= = mle» =\eiole'=l~ meas 232, 233 PRAT igi beh} O) be. 5 stein ge onde eae ape pe oecoaaceueneucosaaces 328 [YA UG). ioe Sade nnd UbOR nae r saseeoroae one 328 pammeles, Melanostigma.....-......-.----------------- 345 PBT e: Vat SHON siete etstarn oii ln iets, = 3448 panayensis, Gobius. .. . 42 pentherinus, Platophrys_--.-.....---..--.---0-+------- 105 OADM MGNOLOS Ge a: manana ee enema mee einen ate 303 Panache tocomocellatisee er ccs--osese ena een on 33 paradiseus, Dahroides.---!---..---...---.--.2---=----- 94 paradoxus, Psychrolutes.-..-.--..--.-----------.---=- 326 Paragobiodon melanosomus. ......-.----.------------- 45 Paralichthys albiguttus......-.-- 124 dentatus.......... 126 Paral parisicepMalis= oem ee see eee isa nse = = annie = iolelale 334 Nolomelagfecsee ase ee i eee 334 ML OCH see ereere eistee eae Nair a= at eal Ene 334 Parapepasus Matas. -- 2... 222-2 --- -c eee eee ce oe anata ae 335 Swordfish. .--..--.- 12bn | AUTiCHOGOnyeETIChOd Olas -aecesen a0 aes tae een ee 33 Synaphobranchide. . 23 ed eer CHO ONL G Ss = eee ese es nts a = ree ena a eeenanys 335 Synapturasorsogonensis. ....--..---------.-------2--- LOGe iri chitiridcsee eee: ese oe. etc See een seni 13, 62 Shanda ciaih. . 28 do caeecsancannseeacre ser oaceceeoee 325) MUTICIHUTUS MO DLULUS ose ce= == nae onena oan 5) bs Sympnathidss sete so. sects ap Serine see sachin = sla 9,57, 275 Hatmelass == isscicde 2 cyecsee eos 2 62 BS VRLOU OD bd does ene aa eee oe oii nice aes aar ee 5, 54 Savalas occ oc. ~- : 13 PYROGUSIVALINGs ses non eek Sot se see oe eee citar sila era Sol tridenta bus wb OSPHENUS)s =o). ole Seca nan ne = 227 teniopterus, Nemipterus. 2182 horitasciatuss Ch reboc One seen n eases nena eens se 33 teniurus, Pomacentrus. . - BO) bri slops Deana sees = stan ee nee eee ne me cemest se 301 Teniotoca lateralis... -.-- 278 SCOPLICUSS => oaks: cose eons seen n= oes eee 302 ‘Mahoeisake: descriptions. =--<\-s-- 502 fee=ce Se -ee- = 138 | Trilasmis eburneurr . ---- Sas ae een en See ene 183 jgLWal cals 5 ce Seeceseaosous ansoaaanmesons 1408 prio pecuss GHelinuse se on ace e seen eee raters 31 trout and trout-fishing................- 133-146 | trimaculatus, Dascyllus 27 LOOMS se so sae cote celts casos eee 142 POMACENUTUS ess aee ae aes 89 ATL HSOh teens acre ce a sae oe ree eee See ae 266 | tripunctatus, Pomacentrus. 27,89 TAL BOCOMPCLOIOCS epee ees cece sasiiete sisi ne stein 13 | trispilos, Labracinus....-- 95 tapeinopterus, Ophichthus. 6 POCOtMECUS iF senescent cee a ceceseee ee 330 tapeinosoma, Gazza--..-...- GOR ETISbIs; SEDAStAPISLES! somes enn en eam 37, 102 Tarandichthys filamentosus DOTA IMETEL OD Cin TL eee eta eter oie ate ee eto 208 [LOLS ate etapa ae ele lets ee Pail) trigeyseletl NETO Wis one ocak Sang seca oe bap seed nebasedee ll LATO PSANUS aaa ee nee asa sean ace eee ess TOA rout. Alaska CUGLLIOS tee oes eae eno eee 258 EP ANITICN GOV ARV ARIUS S ercietema aac aes ceca ccee aac 97 DY OLY AV ATO CN ler are lee ees 204 tanvina, (pinephelusss.s2t ne cnet cetaceans eee 20, 75 TAD OW eee eens ee peo PEMUININCEM eAGHODIN A = 2 ce ne nee ee oe eee at aeees a er 59 fishing in Lake Tahoe. 133-146 tentacolams: Oxyurichthus 2:2. 2c<-2ssese=n- = <2 scene 45 food ini Lake Tahoe=-2esa22 scene sess nce: 142 tenis; WParandichthys<=--..--<-cs-s5-4-- sass ness eeae 297 (2h para anan es once 123 Meraponiyjanrbus an 3.8se s2oo0t ose oo et Sees eee eke 23, 83 TAN Be geno ook naa tect eRe enone coadecaeeter 263 PUtRee eee es 24, 83 Grresitelsa Kestrel arte =e ane Plante ermine rena 263 quadrilineatus. - 24, 83 IUGHG VANES) So Soo once gae See EE oo 133-146 theraps...--... e244) 83 UG URNA} Bn Gane os: Cea aaae SEBS SAnGoSeM 147178 terre-nove; Scoliod ons =<. jac 26052 322 ose552 26. c cas 122, 125 Ted TOCK: <2 = 2.2 3c Se seS ess se -2aks ike ssc ces 295 Motracdonhisplduass-s-ee- -co.ss- 222522 nce cse he sere 37 TOG Kae See cee eee ole oo Src mee sansa are rare 293 TIMMACWIATIS! fee sce one nem aeons teeeiaee 37 salmon. .- 264 NIPTOPDUNCLALOS eae ce eee oe eee meee 101 speckled - 123 Me viCUlatusie ees ooo teeioeease eye Aes 37 steelhead - -- 260 sRe trad On tid te ete aee ane ene ee eae eee ines 36, 100 | Trouts....--..----------2---2--------+-----2- 2-0-7 - === 234 tetrazonus, Siganus- 35 | tschawytscha, Oncorhynchus............--..--------.- 244 thalassinus, Netuma.. REMIT DOL eee es ee ese eR Si: TE: 122 Thalassoma dorsale--. Biel nbuxneris oyCodalepis ax.2esscs-— nc 2 ae an ease ee ees eee 344 WONALOE ec css soe eee see ese cece. Si | DwiK GRRE feu TION ES cece an jones ee nines ec aeaeteain 153 MSG NS see een ARS RR Cee hice = aeeeisoh 94 depunand. levels: eo oce- on eee seen ann 152 ubescenss—79-ssec a2 ate ote cane soe ae 214 description. .... ba abil MCAT e alan ie na etna see cee Se eae ik fishes. - .- 161 ePhaleichthy shpaciicu se serene see tee eee ees 268 location. ata thaleichthysOsmerus=o-- sacsese- <2 o-oo ose ose seen 268 OLIP INS sek hee eee ot eee cneeteusccces 151 Thecopterus aleuticus. .. 316) ja) ers) gs eae Re i me 160 Theragra chalcogramr 346, 351 shores/and bottom... ...-............-..- 153 fucensis - -- nee BEY HIZO Weer ee sac ee een ee ae aa 151 theraps; Terapon's >< sic. 1-102 see so- = esc oe eee eee ci 24, 83 LEIMDETALULC ne ae se co ee eas cite sein ses 154 theta Dia phussse ces -cs cae se ocase eee cee yaar 271 PULAU EEC ULC Vata ets steerer = sian erecta 153 Chompsoni slates os 2s oe dea eee acne see meee = 39 | PEOWG ee aes 147-178 HTISSA, IKCONOSITUS S52 -.2--c-c st se ce neue eee 35, 100 Micropop onze szaca cc ae eer seeeseemece 124 unicornis, Acanthurus): cn. 2 eee see one se seeee se oe 98 unimaculatus; Abudefdut. i. . : sic.nee see cece eee 93 Cheetodon..- 97 WOR sass 98 Upeneus luzonius. . = 25 sulphureus 4: a: deer css eee ce see eee 26, 88 SUNG SICUS Aasmaan eee eee ee eer =e 88 Pregl as Soe ices sae eee Meee ea eee 26, 88 Uranidia microstomas,.-+---+-.-s-+ee cs esscesree ess se 308 Wroconper: oh. seas eee eee oe ee ee 6 lepburuste feces = eee ect poe eee 6 UTOGEEMIA AIM D ASSIS cme eects ess eee ances ae 75 vagabundus; Cheetodon sie: scence. = eee eee eee 96 Valenciennea strigata... 104 validus, Creisson. . ag 2 43 vanicolensis, Mulloide = 87 75 86 VATIUS, SYNOGUS oie — ceceew ce uoersee Te saeeee Tees es 55 Paurichth ys ace eete wee ae tee eee ae ee 97 ventricosus, ‘Cyclopterichthys.-. = ..-:.--.2..2.----se o=e-eace eee etoe ce sete ee ae eee 264 White:surf-fish 7-2 32¢- ces sencee sane enn sane eee 276 White wiviparous perches: s2-= se epee seen ee eee 279 Whitefish; Kennicottis:2e2---—-2e. see eee eee eee 234 Leeasbs...52 222s ce528s saa seas se ae eee 235 Nelson?S = 2222; ests tesco sec ecees ce coerce 235 Round. 234 Whitefishes. .. 234 Woll-fishes..._.- 342 worcesteri, Nemipterus. ... 8L Xanthichthys lineopunctatus......... ely xanthurus, Aibudetdut: = s--2-c- 22-20. - see een aeee eee 92 enochirusialascanuse=. -.ce. == 2225s aoe =e ee eee 330 latifrons S265 > 22e2 stich safe ancien ee ees 330 pentacanthus see. -eeen = eee eee 330 xenostethus:iSternias: 2 22-=-5---02-.25-202e es oes ee 302 Miphias gladius 22222 ecco ee see cece + ees eee 125 X Seaciscascncscsaee sesso O = - an fedha? tl pdiaes wu ,\¢& aia 1 — eG “SS ?-as —_ bi = we - = : - = 2 sein > = or > (ee por ] oe a . ae 6 hut =—> 9 >» 7 * i 53) mid 7 og : * 5 - > = o on = — OD 1 _ ey - . a! > ate a i © 7] 3. @ ¢ ' ‘ 7 Ob —_ As = 6 - 1 9 ° a) , -_ = = eo : sae i ri a @ _ f 7 Cm “il i (4; =—_ % ie? a z = LON)