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BULLETIN

OF THE

Peres rw IN Fo DEL

Vor. 25. Satem: Jan. Fea;, Man., 1893. “Nos. 1,°2,°3;

A CURIOUS AINO TOY.

BY EDWARD §S. MORSE.

Takashiro Matsura of Tokio, an antiquarian of some
note and author of several works on Yezo, the Ainos and
Japanese Antiquities, has a miscellaneous collection of
old things, comprising stone objects, old Buddhists’ desks
and specimens of bows, clubs and other objects from Yezo.

Fic. 1.

In this collection I found a curious wooden toy brought

from the Ishikari valley, Yezo, and believed to be an Aino

toy. This toy wasin the form of a bird on wheels (figs.

1, 2). Such an extraordinary object, as one provided
ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXV 1 (1)

2 A CURIOUS AINO TOY.

with wheels, made by savages, led me to make a somewhat
careful sketch of it. The object bore the marks of con-
siderable age.

Mr. Matsura believed it to be two hundred years old,
upon what grounds I did not clearly learn. The body of
the bird had a uniform thickness of 30™ ; apparently as if
it had been cut out of a board or plank. The head and neck
only were roughly modelled, tapering from the base of the
neck which was 18™ in thickness to half that thickness at
the end of the bill. The extreme length of the toy was
195™. The back and sides of the body had a series of
curved lines cut upon their surfaces to represent feathers,

WILL,
«K«KSS

Fig. 2.

an area (indicated by the dotted lines in the figure) hid-
den by the wheels, being left plain. There was no hole
or constriction in the neck to which a string might be at-
tuched for the purpose of dragging the toy; in the tail,
however, was a small hole running through from above,
evidently for this purpose. In this case the toy must have
been dragged backward. The wheels were thick and
clumsy, and irregularly ovate rather than circular. This
form of the wheel would cause the bird to hop up and down
when being dragged. The axle holding the wheels passed
through the body near the centre and consisted of a sim-
ple wooden pin having a thick head at one end and a per-
foration at the opposite end into which a small pin could

A CURIOUS AINO TOY. 3

be inserted. The toy bore all the appearance of having
been made by the Ainos. Its rough vigorous make, the
manner of cutting the lines for decoration, the clumsy, ir-
regular wheels, all precluded its having been made by the
Japanese, though the idea of wheels so foreign to savagery
must have been derivative and could have come from the
Japanese, but this form of toy I do not remember having
seen among the innumerable kinds of toys in Japan.

It was not until several years after that I found another
bird toy on wheels. ‘This specimen was in the collections

Fig. 3.

of the Ethnological Museum in Berlin. Recalling the
Aino toy I made a hasty sketch for comparison. The form
of the bird differed somewhat in having a longer neck, a
better defined head and the wheels of the toy being circu-
lar. This specimen was labelled Yakuts, Yena, Siberia.
Unfortunately I made no measurements of the specimen
though the rough sketch here presented (fig. 3) gives its
general appearance in outline. My attention was not again

4 A CURIOUS AINO TOY.

called to another example of this toy until I found one fig-
ured by Mr. W. M. Flinders Petrie, in his interesting work
describing his excavations and discoveries in Hawara,
Beahmu, and Arsinoe, in Fayum, Egypt (Plate XIII, Fig.
21). In the cemetery of Hawara, dating back not later
than the first century of our era, he found a miscellaneous
collection consisting of numbers of workmen’s tools, bronze
knives, wooden lock-bolts, ete. Associated with these
various objects he found a wooden toy in the form of a bird
on wheels. Its form more nearly approaches that of the
Yezo specimen. It is made from a flat piece of wood, and

Fig. 4.

a hole, through which a string was probably tied, runs
through the toy vertically, as in the Yezo specimen, though
in the Egyptian specimen this hole was in the neck and
not in the tail. The object is now preserved in the Ash-
molean Museum, Oxford.

The three wooden toys above cited, though very sim-
ple, are identical in construction. Are they identical also
in origin? The ancient specimen exhumed at Hawara by
Mr. Petrie is pronounced by him as “very curious.”

This toy might naturally have originated among a civil-
ized people like the Egyptians, who portray wheeled char-
iots in their early rock sculpture. The Egyptian chariots
are figured with wheels of four and eight spokes. The

California Academy of Sciences

Presented by_Essex Institute _

December 22 19

A CURIOUS AINO TOY. 5

earliest Egyptian wheel had four or six spokes. Professor
Sayce shows that the Hittite chariots had wheels of four
spokes. Dr. Schliemann discovered toy wheels at Mycene
of four spokes, and the Swiss Lake Dwellers had wheel-
like ornaments of four spokes. In Asia Minor rough
disks of wood (such as these bird toys are provided with)
have served as wheels for their vehicles from time imme-
morial. é

With the absence of a wheel in savagery it is impossible
to conceive of a low savage race like the Ainos originat-
ing a wheeled object of any kind. It is quite easy to
understand how the Ainos might have derived the idea
of this toy from the Yakuts in Siberia, as Kamschatka
and the Kuriles, or Eastern Siberia and the Island of
Saghalien formed avenues of communication with Yezo.
Did the idea of the toy originate with the Yakuts or
were they in turn indebted to their Turkish progenitors
in the past for thisodd plaything? We are told by philol-
ogists that the Yakuts are a distinct Turkish stock pre-
serving many of the Turkish characteristics so strongly
that, according to Peschel, it has been said, though with
some exaggeration he admits, “that an Osmanli from Con-
stantinople can make himself intelligible to a Yakut on
the Yena, but it is certain that the branches of the Turk-
ish language separated by this enormous distance are
strangely alike.” Is it possible that the remote ancestors
of the Yakuts in Turkey derived the idea of this toy from
the same people whose ancient villages in Fayum have been
brought so clearly to light by Mr. Petrie? Certainly, unless
it can be shown that any kind of an object provided with
wheels originated among a savage people, it does not seem
an absurd conjecture to suggest the common origin of this
toy even among peoples so widely removed in space and
time as those above mentioned.

6 A CURIOUS AINO TOY.

An analogous case has lately come to light in a curious
wooden object found inatumulus in Norway. In this
case, however, the object is more complex in character.
In the Lergens Museums Aarsberetning for 1890 is a paper
by Gabriel Gustafson, curator of the Antiquarian depart-
ment in the Bergens Museum, entitled “A Strange Wooden
Object found in a Norwegian Tumulus.” The tumulus in
question contained the skeleton of a man associated with
weapons, large pieces of dress, remains of belts, with
bronze mountings, brooch-clasps of silver, a gold solidus
of Roman origin, etc., objects peculiar to a group of
grave-finds which occur in western Norway. The period is
supposed to he somewhere between the sixth and eighth
centuries. The peculiar point of interest was the finding”
on the breast of the skeleton a curious wooden object
carved out of a single block and made in such a way that
it could be opened to form a square, or closed by the va-
rious elements shutting up on each other after the manner
of interclasping fingers. Whether this object had a mys-
tical meaning or was simply a puzzle, was a matter of con-
jecture. It was important, however, to seek for some
similar object with which to compare. The extraordinary
fact is that its counterpart was finally found in the South
Kensington Museum labelled as coming from Persia and
of modern origin. The Persian specimen differed some-
what in unessential details, but the principle of interlock-
ing, its being wrought from a single block of wood, its
closing up in precisely the same way were coincidences of
such an extraordinary nature that Mr. Gustafson felt jus-
tified in making a somewhat extended discussion of the
subject. It seems incredible that two such complex and
peculiar objects so closely resembling each other cculd
have originated independently. Mr. Gustafson comes to
the conclusion that these objects must have had a common
origin.

A CURIOUS AINO TOY. 7

An observant traveller in Northern Scandinavia will see
many things to remind him of Oriental people. If he be
fresh from Japan and China he will be impressed with the
many features common to both peoples, and realize the
survival to-day of many oriental facies. From a zodlogi-
cal standpoint one might attribute these similarities to the
fact that the east and the west shores of the old world are
not separated by an almost impassable barrier ; the people
are connected by a continuous stretch of continent, and
a circumpolar distribution, seen in the case of animals and
plants, might alsoapply with equal force to man and his
products. If, however, one considers the ramifications of
early Eranians he will see how twigs of this stock penetrated
into Scandinavia and thus render explicable the occurrence
of this curious puzzle in the far north. Dr. Hans Hilde-
brand, the Royal Antiquary of Sweden, in his interesting
book on Scandinavian Arts (South Kensington Hand-
book) shows that “there once existed during a period of
some length a continued intercourse between Mahomedan
Asia and Scandinavia.” Coins of the Mahomedan States
of Asia have been dug up by thousands in Sweden. In
an ancient tomb in Gottland was found a bronze fibula, as-
sociated with shells from the Indian Ocean, and Dr. Hil-
debrand says “to a Swede it is quite natural to direct his
attention in the first place towards the East.” Of greater
interest is Dr. Hildebrand’s efforts to establish a standard
of weight of the ancient ring money, the ornaments of a
certain weight and the weights themselves. He says “not
to speak of other things, even the weights found in Scan-
dinavia (as well as in Russia) and the manner in which the
multiples of the unit are indicated, show the most com-
plete analogy with some oriental weights found in Persia.”

GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES:
NOisd:

BY JOHN H. SEARS.

Tue following notes on some of the granitic and crystal-
line rocks of Essex County, Mass., preliminary to a more
extended paper, have been prepared in order to record the
more important results of my field work during the au-
tumn and winter of 1891-92, which throw much light on
the perplexing questions of classification of the endless
variety of forms which our volcanic, plutonic and sedi-
mentary rocksassume.

(A) Augite-Syenite. (Vom Rath.) Within the city
limits of Gloucester, bounded on the north by Warner St.,
and extending several hundred yards on Prospect St. to the
south and southwest, is a large mass of this typical augite-
syenite. Occasional outcrops are also seen south of this in
East Gloucester, near Bass Rocks, and in the cove in
Gloucester harbor west of Ocean pond, which embraces
the larger part of Eastern Point and in a westerly direction
there are outcrops near Goose cove, Annisquam. One
large dome-shaped mass near the corner of Quarry St.,
Bay View, is of a coarser texture and greener in color, and
resembles the augite-syenite of Essex and Manchester.
From this last named outcrop to the northeast side of
Plum cove, Lanesville, there are numerous outcrops in old

(8)

—
;

GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES: NO. 5. 9

deserted quarries, and one especially good section of this
syenite is seen by the roadside opposite Young Avenue,
Lanesville. The trend or strike of all of the outcrops is
in the usual direction, N.N.E. to S.W.

This entire outcrop is some twelve miles long and
from a few rods wide in Hamilton to six miles in Essex
and Manchester, the latter width continuing across Glouces-
ter from Lanesville to Eastern Point.

This rock has been recorded as granite by the earlier
authors and as granitite by more recent ones. A large
part of the granite area mapped by Professor W. O. Crosby
in Hamilton, East Wenham, Essex, Manchester and West
Gloucester is this typical augite-syenite. Specimens of
this rock, which I collected near the terminus of the Essex
branch railroad in 1887, were determined by Prof. W. O.
Crosby as one of the members of the syenite group, and
at that time he advised a careful examination of the rocks
of the whole region, which has been done with the above
results.

The determinations of the minerals in this rock, studied in thin sec-
tions with the polarizing microscope, are as follows :—Orthoclase,
brown hornblende, red mica (probably phlogophite), much titanite,
numerous fine sections of augite, several small crystals of apatite, a
few small zircons, one section of microcline in one of the slides, Ba-
veno twin crystals of orthoclase which show the intergrowth of al-
bite as microperthite The augite is often surrounded by magnetite,
and dust-like inclusions 0f magnetite in the orthoclase give this syenite
its darkcolor. In some of the sections from the outcrop at Prospect

St., Gloucester, there are some quartz blebs, but the rock as a whole is
poor in quartz and resembles the syenites of Charnwood, England, de-

- scribed by Prof. T. G. Bonney and Rev. Edw. Hill (Quart. Jour. Geol.

Soc. Vol. 34, 1887, p..215).

(B). Granophyre (H. Rosenbusch) : Granulite. Oc-
cupying the region between Freshwater Cove Village and
the West Gloucester railroad station, and extending in a

ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XxV 2

10 GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES: NO. 5.

southwesterly direction across Magnolia, Manchester and
to the Beverly shore, is an outcrop of granophyre which
appears again as a typical granulite in the west cove of
Moulton’s Misery Island in Salem harbor. ‘To the north
this formation cuts the hornblende-granite and augite-sye-
nite from Eastern Point to the shore line at Bass Rocks.
From Rocky Neck, East Gloucester, to Bass Rocks, the
contact of this granophyre and the hornblende-granite is
strongly marked and easily followed. Across Little Good
Harbor beach and opposite Salt Island to the inner point
of Briar Neck, there are numerous tongues of this rock in-
truding into the hornblende-granite, while the main mass
of the rock is seen on the outer side of Salt Island. It
reaches the main land on the shore in the middle of Long
beach where it divides, one part following the shore line
to Cape Hedge and Emerson’s Point, and reaching across
to the west side of Loblolly Cove, while the other mass cuts
across the granite to Gap Head and Straitsmouth Island,
and appears in numerous outcrops from Whale Cove to the
town of Rockport. Between Freshwater Cove Village and
West Gloucester, this granophyre has the appearance of a
massive flow, and it has a similar character where it crosses
Eastern Point from Rocky Neck to Bass Rocks. On Em-
erson’s Point and Gap Head, however, it is seen in dome-
shaped masses a few feet in diameter, clearly embedded in
granite and also varying from this to extensive eruptive
forms. It is probable that this entire formation has a mas-
sive, intrusive, granitic structure, which has in places wi-
dened out into dome shapes, while in others it has become
contracted into dike-forms from a few inches to a number
of feet in width. It is clear that some of the rounded
masses are seen as surface outcrops by the erosion of the
surrounding granite at a comparatively recent date.

GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES: NO. 5. 1l

The microscopic structure of this rock, as shown by a
selection from the numerous thin sections whichI have pre-
pared from different outcrops is as follows :

(1). From Eastern Point; midway between Bass Rock and Brace’s
Cove: Orthoclase, quartz, chlorite, uralite, magnetite, numerous small
grains of titanite. Witha high power objective, under crossed nicols
the feldspar and quartz present the appearance of amosaic. ‘The feld-
spars are microperthite intergrowths of albite and orthoclase.

(2). From the outer side of Salt Island: Micropegmatitic quartz
and feldspar grains, the feldspar grains being tabular Carlsbad twins
(always microperthite), augite, green hornblende, some biotite, magne-
tite, iron pyrite, and large sections of colorless garnets in the micro-
pegmatitic quartz and feldspar areas. With high power objectives,
even the smallest feldspar grains are seen to be microperthite. There
are, also, some micro-zircons as inclusions inthe feldspars The entire
section shows that the rock has been subjected to great strain, for
much of the hornblende, and some of the feldspars are crushed and
broken. Decomposition in the hornblende has produced feathery-
formed glaucophane.

(3). Near Brace’s Cove, southeast : Quartz feldspars, hornblende,
chlorite, glaucophane, limonite. The quartz and feldspars are ar-
ranged as in the other slides. The orthcclase which is microperthite,
micropegmatically arranged, has inclusions of hornblende, limonite
and quartz grains. ‘The evidence of great strain and crushing force,
sufficient to separate the quartz grains from the feldspars, is easily
detected. In many cases a rim of chlorite surrounds each grain, while
in some instances the limonite surrounds the quartz and feldspar grains,

giving the section the appearance of a clastic rock, usual in all of the
granulites.

Many micro-sections of this rock from various outcrops
have been studied, and the results all point to the conclu-
sion that this extensive formation in the Cape Ann horn-
blende-granite area has a granitic structure, and has crys-
tallized from the magma in an aggregate of small grains,
partially metamorphosed by plastic deformation subsequent
to solidification, a secondary metamorphism having taken
place through great pressure and strain from causes yet to
be determined, but probably due to faulting as shown on
the coast line in this contact, and which gives the rock its
granulitic structure.

12 GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES: NO. 5.

C. Remains of Ancient Rocks of Sedimentary Origin
on Cape Ann.

(1). The principal and largest mass of this sedimen-
tary rock, referred to in my previous paper on the strati-
fied rocks of Essex County (Bull. Essex Inst. Vol. xxi
No. 1, 2 & 3, p. 45, Min. and Geol. Notes 2), is seen on
the shore at the westerly side of Folly Point, east of
Langford’s Cove, in Lanesville. This outcrop varies in
width from 10 to 30 feet ; the strike is N. 40° E. toS.W.;
the length of the outcrop, exposed between low water and
the covering of drift on the hillside, is about 100 yards.

The microscopic structure is: Well rounded grains of quartz and
feldspar, scales of biotite, some titanite, garnets with irregular out-
line and some magnetite. The larger feldspars have inclusions of
muscovite, quartz and epidote and are surrounded by chlorite. This
rock is clearly a mica-schist, metamorphosed from a sandstone.

(2). Another outcrop of this mica-schist, which is in-
terbedded with a granitic gneiss and chert, is seen in an
abandoned quarry in the Bay View region. It has the
same dip and strike as the outcrop at Lanesville. This
eneiss has the same microscopic characters as the gneiss of
Boxford and Andover, and farther investigation will un-
doubtedly show that this rock belongs to the lower Cam-
brian sediments, thus placing the so-called archean-gneiss,
found in the large tract in the northern part of the county,
in this group.

(3). On both sides of Brace’s Cove, Eastern Point,
Gloucester, is a clearly metamorphosed sedimentary rock
of irregular outline, and of considerable extent, witha strike
N. and 8S. to N.E. and dip nearly vertical, and which is
also seen as inclusions in the hornblende-granite of the
region. The microscopic structure is: Rounded and ir-
regular grains of quartz and feldspars cemented in a
groundmass of chlorite and limonite.

GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES: NO. 5. 13

At the suggestion of Dr. J. EK. Wolff, a comparison was
made between thin sections of this rock and some from
the Penokie Gogebic Series (Michigan and Wisconsin) of
Van Hise. (Am. Jour. Sci., 3d Ser., Vol. 31, 1886, p.
453.) The resemblance is marked, although Prof. Van
Hise finds the rock in limited quantities, and in a very dif-
ferent region, geologically. These rocks appear to belong
to the same series, which in the case of our rock is clearly
Cambrian.

(4). Another extensive outcrop of these metamor-
phosed sedimentary rocks is seen in Essex, in the valley be-
tween White and Powder House hills and extending across
Essex to Conomo Point. Here the slates, which are dis-
tinctly interbedded with granitic gneiss and quartzites, are
in places filled with garnets varying from microscopic size
to one-fourth of an inch in diameter, thus these slates have
been metamorphosed into garnetiferous gneiss, a form not
before noticed in our Essex County rocks excepting in
boulders on Cape Ann and Nahant. As the two regions
last named are in direct line with the variations of the
glacial striz on the surface of the rocks throughout the
county, it may be presumed that these isolated boulders
are remnants of glacial material originating in this out-
crop in Essex.

It seems important to call attention to these points, es-
pecially in regard to the first two deposits (A and B),
which occur in large areas on Cape Ann, for they are con-
founded with the hornblende-granite in the report on the
Geology of Cape Ann (U. S. Geol. Surv., Ninth Rep.,
1887-88). |

Peabody Academy of Science, Aug. 13, 1892.

FOLK SPEECH OF YORKSHIRE AND NEW
ENGLAND.

BY H. M. BROOKS.

Some two or three years ago Mr. William Andrews,
the noted Antiquary of Hull, England, sent me a book
on the “Folk speech” of East Yorkshire.}

Upon an examination of this volume I was struck with
the fact that there were a great number of words and say-
ings, said to have originated in, or to have been in use in
Yorkshire, which are common in New England. My pres-
ent purpose is not to make particular reference to the pe-
culiar dialect of old Yorkshire but merely to note some of
the words and phrases that we use in common every day
conversation, which would appear to have come to us from
Yorkshire originally.

Among the common East Riding Yorkshire similes, I
will mention the following which it will be seen are more
or less in use in our Folk speech.

As black as a Craw (crow).

As blind as a bat.

As bright as a button.

As cawd (cold) as ice.

As clean as a whistle. — Clean here means complete,
perfect or clear, and refers to the sound and not to the

1The Folk speech of East Yorkshire.--By John Nicholson (Hon. Librarian Hull
Literary Club. 12mo. London. Simpkin Marshall & Co, 1889.

(14)

FOLK SPEECH OF YORKSHIRE AND NEW ENGLAND. 15

whistle itself. Just as in “as clear as a bell” the word
clear refers to the sound and not the instrument causing
the sound.

As dark as pitch.

As deead asa deear nail. (In Piers’ Plowman, As dead
as a door nail.)

As deead as a herrin. (As dead as a herring.)

As deeaf as a yat stowp (gate post).

As fat as a pig.

As flat as a pan-keeak (cake).

As full as a tick.—A tick is a sheep-louse, which has
always a full bloated appearance.

As good as ivver (ever) stepped upo’ shoe leather.

As good as they mak’ ’em.

As green as gess (grass).

As grey as a badger.

As green as a yellow cabbage—Used when any one as-
sumes Innocence or ignorance.

As happy as the day is lang (long).

As heavy as leead (lead).

As holla as a dhrum (as hollow as a drum).

As keeal as a coo-cummer (as cool as a cucumber).

As leet (light) as a feather.

As mad as a March hare.

As mischievous as a monkey.

As mony (many) lives as a cat.

As pawky as you please.—Pawky means impudent.

As poor as a chotch moose (church mouse).

As sharp as a needle.

As snug as a bug iv (in) a rug.

As still as a mouse.

As stunt as a mule— Stunt means obstinate or dogged.

As sweet as a nut.—Here sweet means sound and whole-
some.

As thin as a wafer.

16 FOLKS SPEECH OF YORKSHIRE AND NEW ENGLAND.

The dialect of East Yorkshire contains in abundance
words expressing fighting or quarrelling. Mr. Nicholson
calls them “Bellicose words.”

I will mention a few words that are common here.

Baste—meaning to beat or flog such a person, we say—
“Ought to have a good basting.”

Bat—a rap or blow. “Give him a bat over the head
for his impudence.”

Bung up—to close as with a bung, “Bung his eyes up.”

Catch itt—to meet with punishment, “He’ll catch it when
he gets home.”

Ohip—a slight quarrel, “Knock that chip off of my
shoulder.”—boys used to say.

OCrack—a stunning blow, “I fetched him a crack.”

Cuff—a blow with the cuff or forearm. “Cuff him over
the head.”

Dab—a stroke in the face. “Give him a dab.”

Dhrissin (dressing )—a flogging. “Give him a good
dressing.”

Dhrub (drub)—to flog. “He got well drubbed.”

Dig—to poke with a stick, etc. “He gave me a dig in
the ribs.”

Dust—a quarrel. “To kick up a dust.”

Fetch—to deliver a blow.

Hammer—to flog severely with some instrument. “Ham-
mer him well.”

Haze—to beat. “He got a hazing.”

Hidiny—a flogging on the hide or back.

Lam—to beat. “A good lamming.”

Let Dhrave (drive)—to strike with full force.

Lick—a chastisement. “If he don’t look out he’ll get
a licking.”

Plug—to strike with the fist. “Plug up his mouth, or
nose.”

Pummel—to strike with the fist.

FOLK SPEECH OF YORKSHIRE AND NEW ENGLAND. 17

Rap—a quick blow.

Set teeah (a set to)—a regular fight.

Spank—to flog. “If she’d had a good spanking when
she was young, she would have been better.”

Thresh or Thrash—to beat.

Thump—to strike heavily on the back.

Wale—to beat with a stick or cowhide sufficiently hard
to make “wales.”

Whack—to beat.

Whipe—a stinging, sliding blow.

A FEW OTHER WORDS.

Bent—determined. ‘“He’s bent on doing wrong.”

Black and blue—discoloured by an injury.

Bluther (blubber)—to cry.

Botch—work of an unskilful workman. “Jack is a reg-
ular botch.”

Cap—to surpass. “Capped the climax.”

Clack—noise, gossip, persistent talk. “Hold your
clack.”

Flay—to frighten, to make afraid.

Full Smack—head long, heavily, with determination.

Grease—gain, profit, advantage.

Grub—to toil, to delve.

Heeap (heap)—a great number of persons or things.

Leave—soon, rather. “Id as leave do this as that.”

Possessed—held, controlled. “I don’t know what pos-
sessed me.”

Purchass—leverage, advantage. “I must get a good
purchase upon it before I can lift it.”

Render—to make run, to melt.

Sag—to bend, to droop.

Settle—bench with a high back, used in front of an opea
fireplace, generally in old kitchens.

COISK

18 FOLK SPEECH OF YORKSHIRE AND NEW ENGLAND.

Shanks—ankles, legs. “Now then, spare shanks (thin
legs) get out of the gate.”

Smatich (smack)—a flavor or taste.

Snape (snub)—to check, to correct, ete.

Spigot—a vent peg, in liquor barrels.

Stagger—to bewilder. “It staggers me, when I think
of what he is doing.”

Swap—to exchange ; to barter.

Swill—to swallow greedily. “He swélls down the cof-
fee and makes a swill-tub of himself with the food.”

Tend—“tends pigs, cows, etc., tends store.”

Tickle or Ticklish —a delicate matter or job. “It is
rather a ticklish thing to do.”

Tree—anything made of wood, as cross-tree, boot-tree,
axle-tree, etc.

Ugly—horrible, dreadful, disagreeable. “An ugly place
to drive in.”

Some of these words may be said to be common any-
where, but they are all used in Kast Yorkshire, and must
of course have been used there before they were used here.
I have not pretended to look very closely into the subject
but hope this may induce some one with more ability to
follow it up and give us acarefully prepared article. The
object of this is simply to call attention to the connection
of our folk speech with that of England.

BULLETIN

OF THE

oor S LN SLT UT He.
Vout. 25. Sartem: ApriL, May, June, 1893. Nos. 4, 5, 6.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON COLUMBIAN
EXPOSITION.

On Monday, December 21, 1891, at a regular meeting
of the Essex Institute, the subject of making an exhibit at
the World’s Columbian Exposition at Chicago was dis-
cussed and the Historical Committee was empowered to
ascertain what arrangements could be made with the
Massachusetts Commissioners in relation to it. At a
meeting of the committee, January 9, 1892, it was voted
that all preliminary arrangements in relation to having the
Institute represented at the exposition should be left to a
sub-committee of ten, and at a subsequent meeting two
more members were added.

On January 15,1892, Mr. E. C. Hovey, Secretary of the
Board of Massachusetts Commissioners met by request
with the Institute Committee, described the Massachusetts
State building and approved of the plan of the Institute
to furnish one room. On March 30, 1892, Mr. Hovey
was present at a meeting of the Committee and exhibited
the architect’s plan of the Massachusetts State building
and offered the main reception room to the Institute, the
Comnuittee to have full charge of furnishing it.

ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXV 4 (19)

20 REPORT.

December 17, 1892, Prof. F. W. Putnam was invited to
address the Institute with a view of awakening an interest
in the Exposition. His subject was “The Scientific Side
of the Columbian Exposition,” and he gave a full account
of the Ethnological and Archeological exhibits to be under
his charge.

Owing to various causes no active steps were taken in
relation to the Institute’s exhibit until January 9, 1893,
when, at a meeting of the Committee, it was voted to issue
the following circular :

ROOMS OF THE ESSEX INSTITUTE,
JAN. 20, 1893.

“‘The Essex Institute has been offered the privilege of furnishing
one of the Reception Rooms in the Massachusetts State Building at
the Columbian Exposition at Chicago, and the undersigned have
been appointed a committee to procure such articles as are needed,
and to make all arrangements for the Institute exhibit.

The size of the room allotted for this exhibition precludes the
possibility of having a very large collection, but the articles selected
should be ofthe highest historic and artistic interest. The committee
therefore appeal to all who may be interested in this matter, and ask
for the loan of furniture, old china, historic relics and documents,
and for contributions of money, to aid in properly carrying out their
plans.

The furniture offered should be choice examples of the genuine
colonial style, and the articles loaned should, first of all, be of in-
terest from their connection with Massachusetts history.

Any person desiring to aid the committee, by the loan of articles,
is invited to send a description of them to the rooms of the Insti-
tute, when some member of the committee will examine them at
an early day and report on their fitness for the exhibit.

All articles accepted will be insured, and every effort will be
made to protect them from injury. They will be returned, in due
time, without charge to the contributors. Asit is necessary to have
the entire exhibit arranged before the end of March it is desirable
that contributors should notify the committee of proposed loans
without delay.

a J

Maelo a

_ —. S “ae
=%) “RY pte

REPORT. 21

The desirability and importance of having at Chicago a charac-
teristic exhibit from Salem, both from the historic fitness of things
and from the standpoint of present business interests, have im-
pressed all those who have considered the matter, and the com-
mittee hope that our citizens will join in making this exhibit, which
will be so well located for public inspection, just what it should be.

There will be a considerable expense involved in providing frames
for pictures, for preparing copies of portraits, etc., and for many
items connected with placing the collection in a proper condition
for exhibition, and contributions to this expense fund will be very
gratefully received, as the Institute has no means which may
properly be used for the purpose.

Subscriptions to the expense fund can be sent to the Secretary
of the Institute, by check or otherwise, when a suitable acknowl-
edgment will be made.”

It was also voted at the same meeting to arrange for an
excursion to the Exposition and on February 1, 1893, the
committee sent out the following circular :

“In response to many requests the Essex Institute has arranged
with Messrs. Raymond & Whitcomb to run one of their special
trains of Pullman Palace cars directly from Salem to the Exposition
grounds, at Chicago. These trains, comprising both sleeping «and
dining cars, are of the best class and have every attainable appoint-
ment for the safety and comfort of travellers. The Salem party
will be guests at the new hotel, the Raymond and Whitcomb Grand,
situated on Washington and Madison Avenues and fronting the
Midway Plaisance, and near one of the main entrances to the Fair
grounds. ‘This hotel has been built specially for the Raymond &
Whitcomb parties, and is in every way a modern, first-class house.
It is fire proof, only four stories high, and has with the rooms, con-
necting bath and toilet arrangements. Oscar G. Barron, of White
Mountain fame, is the manager, which is a guarantee for the best
of table service and general management. ‘The date of departure
from Salem will be Saturday, a. m., May 27; Sunday will be
passed at Niagara Falls,— and Chicago will be reached Monday,
at 6 P. M.

Tickets for the entire trip are one hundred and twenty-five
dollars, which includes a whole sleeping berth, half a section in

5 REPORT.

Pullman car, meals in dining car each way, transfer of person and
baggage to the hotel, twelve admissions to the Fair, and seven days
at the Raymond & Whitcomb Grand. Returning, the party leaves
Chicago June 5, at 3 P.M., reaching Salem the 7th. Visitors to
the Exposition in the Raymond & Whitcomb parties have many
advantages over the ordinary traveller: Transit on Pullman cars,
meals at regular hours in dining cars, alighting at a private station,
transfer at once to the hotel near by, a room pre-engaged and
ready for occupancy, and freedom from the annoyance and crowd
incident to ordinary travel on occasions of public interest.

Only a limited number can be accommodated, and early applica-
tion for places is necessary. Plan of Pullman cars may be seen
and circulars of the trip obtained at the Institute rooms.

The Essex Institute has no pecuniary interest in this excursion,
and it assumes no responsibility in any way. All the details are
under the well known management of Messrs. Raymond & Whit-
comb, and may be safely left in their care.”

On February 27, 1893, Mr. Alfred Stone, of Providence,
was invited to lecture before the Institute. This lecture
was given at Academy Hall, admission to which was had
by tickets distributed at the rooms of the Institute. The
subject was “The White City.” It was fully attended and
was illustrated by beautiful lantern pictures giving views
of the buildings at Jackson Park and many architectural
details, etc. Mr. Stone’s lecture was so graphic and en-
tertaining and his enthusiasm in regard to the artistic beauty
of the buildings was so genuine that he awakened the first
real practical interest in the exhibition and the public be-
came somewhat aroused in regard to it.

At a meeting of the Committee on March 17, 1893, the
general plan of the exhibit was agreed upon as follows:

(1) An exhibit in connection with the Peabody Acad-
emy of Science in the Marine Division of the Transporta-
tion Department.

(2) An exhibit of the publications of the Society in
the Department of Liberal Arts.

REPORT. 23

(3) To aid as far as possible the Government Exhibit
in the Department of Justice.

(4) To furnish the Reception Room in the Massachu-
setts State Building with portraits, paintings of old houses,
collection of Salem views suitably bound in albums, furni-
ture of the early and later colonial periods, cases of his-
torical relics illustrating as far as possible the different
departments of the historical work and collections of the
Institute.

Mrs. Grace A. Oliver and Mrs. H. M. Brooks were ap-
pointed a committee, with power to add to their number,
for the purpose of aiding the regular committee in solicit-
- ing articles for exhibition, etc.

The collection of pictures, consisting of original paint-
ings, copies by Mr. Ross Turner, photographs, etc., mak-
ing up the Transportation exhibit was put on public
exhibition at W. H. Gardner’s, Essex St., and attracted
instant and widespread attention. It was followed by an
exhibition, at the same place, of the portraits for the
State Building ; these also were received with public favor.
The articles were boxed and packed under the supervision
of Mr. Treadwell, janitor of the Peabody Academy of
Science, and Messrs. Ross Turner, A. R. Stone and J. R.
Treadwell took charge of arranging and installing the ex-
hibits at Chicago.

Whether or not, the committee has succeeded in get-
ting an exhibit worthy of the city and county, illustrative
of our local history, and redounding to the credit of the
Society, a visit to the Exposition alone can tell. The com-
mittee present this catalogue somewhat hastily prepared,
as a report of its doings. It cannot, however, close
without a word of appreciation of the earnest work done
by one of its number, Mr. F. H. Lee, to whom was
relegated the most ungrateful of tasks, that of collecting
contributions of money. His enthusiastic labors in season

24 REPORT.

and out, the giving so freely of his time and energy to this
task have been a constant incentive to the remainder of
the committee, whose burdens have been much lighter,
and whatever of merit the exhibit may possess the rest
of the committee feel is largely due to him.

- Robert S. Rantoul, Chairman.
Daniel B. Hagar, John Robinson,

Ross Turner, Eben Putnam,
David M. Little, Thomas F. Hunt,
Francis H. Lee, Walter J. Stickney,

Winfield S. Nevins, George M. Whipple,
Henry M. Brooks, Secretary.

CATALOGUE.

TRANSPORTATION BUILDING.
Marine Division—Section E Gallery, Col. 32.
MARINE EXHIBIT.

The Essex Institute and Peabody Academy of Science
united in making this exhibit. Lt. A. C. Baker, in charge
of the Marine Division of the Transportation Department
of the World’s Columbian Exposition visited Salem and
made a careful examination of the cabinets and collections
of both institutions and at his suggestion the committee ar-
ranged to exhibit in this Division. The contributions of
the Peabody Academy of Science, consisting largely of
photographs of its ethnological collections, were made
with the view of showing the methods employed in its
museum for displaying the marine architecture and means
of transportation of different nations. The Institute ex-
hibit was in the line of its local historical work, giving an
idea of the style of vessels engaged in the commercial in-
terests of Salem from 1765 to the present day. To this
were added certain pictured representations typical of
events which happened in the marine history of Salem.

‘Salem may justly be proud of her Commercial History.
No other seaport in America has such a wonderful record.
Flying from the mast of a Salem ship the American flag was
first carried into the ports beyond the cape of Good Hope. Her

(25)

26 CATALOGUE.

vessels led the way from New England to the Isles of France,
India and China, and were the first from this country to dis-
play the American flag and open trade at St. Petersburg, Zan-
zibar, Sumatra, Calcutta, Bombay, Batavia, at Arabia, Mada-
gascar and Australia, and at many other distant ports. Well
may she proudly inscribe on her city seal ‘Divitis Indiae Usque
ad Ultimum Sinum.’” C.S. Osgood, Hist. of Essex County:
Salem: p. 63.

EXHIBIT OF THE PEABODY ACADEMY OF SCIENCE.

Ship “America.” Oil painting. Artist unknown.

The America was built for George Crowninshield and Sons by Retire Becket in
1804. She registered 450 tons. Cut down and fitted as a privateer during the war
of 1812, she was noted for her great speed and good fortune. She made four cruises,
the first under command of Joseph Ropes, the third and fourth under command of
James Cheever, Jr. She brought in prizes to the value of upwards of one million
of dollars.

Ship “Margaret.” An oil painting by Benjamin West, a
local artist of Salem; made about 1838 from an original

picture.

The Margaret was built by Retire Becket in 1800 and registered 295 tons. Owned
by George Crowninshield and Sons and commanded by Samuel Derby she was the
first Salem and second American vessel to visit Japan where she went with the
Dutch East India Company’s freight from Bataviain 1801. Mr. George Cleveland
the clerk of the ship published a most interesting narrative of this voyage. The
Margaret was lost under peculiarly distressing circumstances in 1810.

Ship “Hazard.” An original water color by E. Corné
painted in 1805.

This was the second vessel bearing the same name and was built by Retire
Becket for J. & R. Gardner in 1799. She proved one of the best ships built in Salem
at the time and was engaged in the East India trade.

Ship “Propontis.” Owned by Tucker Daland of Salem
in 1844.

A characteristic model of vessels of that period. She was engaged in the Zanzi-
bar trade.

¥ ° ee ” y ° .
Ship “ Panay.” A photograph of the ship leaving port.
The Panay was built in 1877 for Silsbee and Pickman and registered 1131 tons.
She was engaged in the Manila trade and was lost a few years since in that region.

Photographs of models of the hulls of European vessels
of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, including one of
the vessels of the fleet of Columbus.

CATALOGUE. 27

Photograph enlarged from an early print, and retouched
in India ink, of the “Sovereign of the Seas,” built at
Woolwich, England, in 1638, representing a vessel of the
seventeenth century.

Photograph of the model of the hull of a Venetian ves-
sel of the eighteenth century, showing the broadside, bow
and stern.

Solar print, five by four feet, enlarged from a photo-
graph made by Mr. A. W. West, of the Marine Trophy
in the East Hall of the P. A. S. (end view), showing full
rigged models of the U. S. frigate “Constitution” pre-
sented to the East India Marine Society of Salem by Com-
modore Isaac Hull in 1813 and which was repaired, as
shown by a receipted bill in possession of the Academy,
by “British Prisoners of War” who in 1814 were confined
near Salem ; the ship “Friendship” built in 1797; the brig
“Camel” a prize of the war of 1812; brig “Rising States”
owned by William Gray in 1802, old and modern fishing
schooners, etc. Also models of an African “slave dhow”
and a New Zealand war canoe; a full size North American
Indian birch bark canoe and Esquimaux “Kyak,” besides
other vessels not well shown in the photograph. On the
floor beneath rests a palanquin used in Calcutta, a gift to
the Museum from four merchant captains who met in that
city and obtained it in 1803.

Photographs giving side views of Marine Trophy in
East Hall of the P. A. S.

Photograph of models of Chinese vessels in the collec-
tion of the P. A. 8. showing old style “Junk,” Formosa
fishing boat, war boat of old class, trading and house
boats.

Photograph of models of vessels from Polynesia, India,
Philippine Islands, Japan, etc., in the collection of the
P. A. S. showing Fiji double war canoe, a trading boat,

ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXV 5

28 CATALOGUE.

trading vesels of Manila, Singapore “fast boat,” Travancore
racing boat, Japanese trading junks and smaller craft.

Photograph of Brazilian “catamarans” in the collection
of the P. A. S. Several forms of these raft-like vessels
peculiar to the region of the Amazon.

Framed document—a pass permitting the American
schooner “Jack” to enter the Mediterranean sea in 1797,
signed by President John Adams, etc.

Clearance paper.

Dimensions of the frigate “Essex” made out in the hand
writing of Enos Briggs, the builder, in 1799.

Bark “Glide.” An oil painting. Loaned by Mr. James
B. Curwen.

The “Glide” was built in Salem in 1861 for Messrs. John Bertram, Curwen and
others, and was engaged in the Zanzibar trade.

Brig “ Mexican,” attacked by pirates. An oil painting
by George Southard. Loaned by Mr. John Battis.

In August, 1832, the brig ‘‘Mexican” left Salem for Rio Janeiro having on board
$20,000 in specie. On Sept. 20 she was captured by the piratical Spanish schooner
‘*Pinda,” rifled of her specie, her crew fastened between decks and firé set to the
vessel. The crew of the “Mexican” managed to get on deck and extinguish the
fire, repair damages, and Oct. 12 reached Salem. Aug. 27, 1834, the H. B. M. ‘‘Say-
age” arrived at Salem with sixteen of the pirates as prisoners. Five of them were
hanged June 11, 1835. The owner of this painting, Mr. John Battis of Salem, is one
of the thirteen men who formed the crew of the ‘‘Mexican.” The ‘‘Mexican” wus
built in Salem in 1824 by Elijah Briggs for Joseph Peabody and registered 227 tons.

Ship “Mt. Vernon,” off Gibraltar. An original water-
color painted in 1799. Loaned by Messrs. Ropes Brothers.

The “Mt. Vernon” was built by Retire Becket in 1798 for Elias Haskett Derby
and registered 398 tons. Equipped with twenty guns and acrew of fifty men, under
the command of E. H. Derby, Jr., sailed from Salem with a cargo of sugar. Off
Cape St. Vincent she was attacked by a fleet of French vessels from which she
escaped by superior sailing and fighting qualities. She returned from Naples in
1800 with a cargo of wines and silks. See Osgood’s Commerce of Salem, Hist.
Essex Co., Vol. I.

Ship “Mt. Vernon” escaping from the French fleet.
Loaned by Messrs. Ropes Brothers.

Coasters in Salem Harbor. A water-color sketch by
Miss Mary K. Robinson. Loaned by Mr. John Robinson.

During the continuance of an easterly gale coasting schooners put into Salem as
a harbor of refuge, where they remain for favorable wind and weather. The sketch
represents a fleet of such vessels getting ready to sail on a morning after astorm,

CATALOGUE. 29

“Ohesapeake” and “Shannon.” Painted by Ross Turner.
Loaned by Mr. T. F. Hunt.

This pastel sketch was made by Mr. Turner as a study for a more important
painting of the contest between the ‘‘Chesapeake” and ‘‘Shannon.” This engage-
ment took place June 1, 1813, 50 near the shores of Salem that many persons wit-
nessed it from the heights in the vicinity. The Chesapeake was captured and taken
to Halifax from which place the body of her young commander, Lawrence, and
that of Lieutenant Ludlow were brought to Salem and buried with great honors.
The dying message of Com. Lawrence, mortally wounded in the progress of the
fight, “Don’t give up the ship,” has become historic.

Circle. By Gambey, Paris. Loaned by Mr. W. J.
Stickney.

A nautical instrument used in getting the sun’s altitude.

EXHIBIT OF THE ESSEX INSTITUTE.
WATER COLORS.

Ship “Hrin.” Original painting.
The “Erin” was engaged in the India and China trade about 1819 at which date
she brought cargoes to Salem to Henry Pickering.

Ship “Sally.” Original painting.
The “Sally” was owned by George Crowninshield and Sons and was engaged in
the India trade in 1803.

Schooner “Baltick,” in 1765. Painted by Ross Turner

from the original in possession of the Institute.

Felt says the name of schooner originated in Gloucester in 1709. No mention of
the Baltick occurs in Osgood’s Commercial History of Salem, but she was engaged
in trade with the West Indies.

Brig “Gov. Endicott.” Painted by Ross Turner from

original in possession of the Institute.

The “Gov. Endicott” was built in Salem in 1819 by Elijah Briggs for Pickering
Dodge. Originally rigged as a ship and dismasted on her first voyage she was
repaired as a brig.

Bark “Eliza.” Painted by Ross Turner from original

in possession of the Peabody Academy of Science.

She was built in 1822 by Thomas and David Magoun for Joseph White. She was
sold to David Pingree in 1832 and again to Michael Shepard in 1846. This vessel
was one of the earliest engaged in the California trade, being the first vessel of her
size, 240 tons, to ascénd the river to Sacramento. Capt. Augustine S. Perkins was
in command at the time; she remained as astore ship at Sacramento and was sold
and broken up in 1868.

Ship “Margaret.” Painted by Ross Turner from the

30 CATALOGUE.

original, drawn to scale, in possession of the Peabody
Academy of Science. (For full account of the “Margaret”
see previous pages. )

She sailed for Sumatra Nov. 19, 1800, with $50,000 in specie, 12 casks of Malaga
wine and 2 hogsheads of bacon.

Ship“Friendship.” Painted by Ross Turner, from origi-

nal, in possession of the Peabody Academy of Science.

The “Friendship” was built in Salem in 1797 by Enos Briggs for Messrs. Pierce
and Waite. Capt. Israel Williams commanded her on several noted voyages to
China, Batavia, etc. She registered 342 tons. This ship was always very fortunate
and cleared $200,000 on an investment of 50,000. (See also full rigged model shown
in solar print.)

Ship “Prudent.” Painted by Ross Turner from original

in possession of the Peabody Academy of Science.

She registered 214 tons and was built in Salem in 1799 by Ebenezer Mann for Nath-
aniel West and others. While commanded by Capt. Benjamin Crowninshield the
**Prudent” was captured by a French man of war and vessel and cargo confiscated.
In 1808 the “Prudent” entered Salem from Messina with 11,406 gallons of red wine,
6,413 gallons of white wine, 4,303 gallons of brandy and 9,810 pounds of soap.

Frigate “Hssex.” Painted by Ross Turner from original

in possession of the Peabody Academy of Science.

She was built in Salem, through a popular subscription from Salem’ merchants
in 1799, by Enos Briggs. She registered 850 tons, mounted 32 guns and was in com-
mand of Captain Preble. She proved the fastest vessel in the U. S. Navy and cap-
tured property to the value of 2,000,000. The late Admiral Farragut was a midship-
man on the ‘‘Essex.” It is said that the original of this picture, which is signed
“Joseph Howard,” is the only one now extant of the “Essex.” See full account
of the “Essex,” Hist. Coll. Essex Inst.

Ship “George.” Painted by Ross Turner from original -
in possession of Peabody Academy of Science. |

The “George,” 328 tons, was built in 1814 for a privateer by an association of ship
carpenters thrown out of employment by the war with Great Britain. She was
bought by Joseph Peabody and made twenty voyages to Calcutta and return be-
tween 1815 and 1837. She was very fast, and very fortunate, never having lost a spar
or met with an accident while owned by Mr. Peabody who made more than half a
million dollars in thisone vessel. In amanner she waslooked upon as a nautical
academy, many of Salem’s young men shipping in her before the mast and gradu-
ating from her as mates and masters. .

Ship “John Bertram.” Painted by Ross Turner from

original in possession of Peabody Academy of Science.

The “John Bertram,” 1100 tons, built at East Boston in 1850, by Elwell and Jacksen
for Glidden and Williams, Capt. John Bertram and others. She is said to have been
the first American clipper ship built expressly for the California trade. She was
pronounced one of the finest modelled and most thoroughly constructed vessels that
ever floated on Our waters. She was built and launched in sixty days.

CATALOGUE. 31

PHOTOGRAPHS.
Ship “Mindoro.”

960 tons, built at East Boston 1864, owned by Pickman, Silsbee and Allen. Last
full rigged ship hailing from Salem. Now engaged in the Manila trade.

Topsail-Schooner “Plato.” From a painting made in
1835, in possession of Peabody Academy of Science.

Built by Enos Briggs for Isaac Cushing and others 1816. Dimensions 78 2-12 x
22 10-12 x 8, 125 tons.

Ship “John.” From original painting in possession of

Essex Institute.

The “John” 258 tons, built by Enos Briggs for Elias Haskett Derby. She was
ketch rigged at fiyst and altered into aship in 1799. Her dimensions were as follows:
length of keel 75 feet, beam 25 feet, depth of hold 9 1-2 feet. Engaged in the India
trade 1796, Sumatra trade 1807, and bought by George Crowninshield & Sons in 1812
for a privateer.

Launch of Ship “Fame.” From original painting in pos-

session of Essex Institute.

The *“ Fame” built in 1802 by Retire Becket for George Crowninshield & Sons
363 tonsburden. In 1804 she visited the coast of Cochin China in search of sugar.

Crowninshield’s Wharf. From painting by Geo. Ropes
in possession of Essex Institute.
Showing Crowninshield’s fleet at the wharf during the first embargo.
Whaling Scene in South Atlantic. From painting by
Benj. F. West in possession of Essex Institute.
Showing bark ‘ Richard,” of Salem, and other vessels engaged in whale fishing.
Models of English Frigates. From the original models in
possession of the Kssex Institute.
Made by American prisoners at Dartmoor prison.
Ketch “Eliza.” From the original model in possession of

Essex Institute.

“Eliza” built by Enos Briggs in 1794 for Elias Haskett Derby. Dimensions 93 x
25 x 9,184 tons burden. First vessel to arrive at Salem direct from Calcutta Oct. 8,
1795 witha cargo of sugar. Dec. 22, 1794, she sailed for the East Indies with a cargo
consisting of forty-eight casks of brandy, twenty-two barrels naval stores and one
hundred and six pairs silk stockings.

Instrument for getting ship’s reckoning) From the

a7
by the North Star. | originals in
Instrument for taking lunar observations. | possession of
tyle of quadrant in early use. | the Essex

Sextaut used by Nath’l Bowditch. J Institute.

az CATALOGUE.

MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING.
Department of Liberal Arts Gallery EH, Sec. I.
PUBLICATION EXHIBIT OF ESSEX INSTITUTE.

Proceedings of the Essex Institute. Six volumes, 1848 to
1868, containing account of meetings of Society and
scientific papers. |

Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Twenty-four volumes,
1868 to 1893, a continuation of the Proceedings ; con-
tains reports of meetings and specially prepared{papers
of scientific value.

Historical Collections. Twenty-eight volumes, containing
papers of historical, genealogical and biographical
interest, town and church records, anniversary ad-
dresses, memoirs of distinguished persons, etc.

Bound in cloth and leather, the leather especially pre-
pared by Alphonse Mouthuy, Salem.

Also among other special publications and reprints of
the Essex Institute, the following :

HISTORICAL.

Commemorative exercises on the fifth half century of the landing
of Endicott.

Salem Town Records 1634-1659, 8vo.

Salem: Historical sketch by C. S$. Osgood and H. M. Batchel-
der.

Adams, Herbert B. Commons and commoners of Salem, parts
1-6.

Blodgette, George B. Early settlers of Rowley.

Blodgette, Geo. B. Records of deaths in first Church, Rowley.

Bentley, Wm. Parish lists of deaths, 1765-1819.

Emmerton, J. A. and Waters, H. F. Gleanings from English
Records about New England families.

CATALOGUE. 33

Emmerton, J. A. Notes and extracts from Records of First
church in Salem.

Emmerton, J. A. Salem baptisms in the eighteenth century.

Goodell, A. C. Centennial address, Oct. 5, 1774.

Hawkes, N. M. Gleanings relative to the family of Adam
Hawkes.

Northend, W. D. Address before the Essex Bar association.

Rantoul, R. S. Fifth half century of the arrival of Winthrop.

Rantoul, R. S. Contribution to the history of the ancient
family of Woodbury.

Rantoul, R.S. Some material for a history of the name and
family of Rentoul,—Rintoul,—Rantoul.

Stone, E. F. Address on Gov. Andrew.

Stone, E. F. Cushing, Choate and Rantoul.

Upham, W. P. Records of the First church in Salisbury.

Upham, W. P. An account of the Rebecca Nurse monument.

Waters, H. F. Gedney and Clark families of Salem.

Waters, H. F. Notes on the Townsend family.

Waters, H. F. Newhall family of Lynn, Part I.

Whipple, George M. Musical societies of Salem.

Whipple, George M. Sketch of Salem Light Infantry.

Willson, E. B. Memorial of J.C. Lee.

Willson, E. B. Memorial of C. T. Brooks.

SCIENTIFIC.

Fewkes, J. W. On the myology of Tachyglossa hystrix.

Fewkes, J. W. Aid to a collection of the Coelenterata and
Echinodermata of New England.

Gil, T. Primary subdivisions of the Cetaceans.

Gill, T. Prodrome of a monograph of the Pinnipedes (Seals)
1866. |

Garman, S. North American Reptiles and Batrachians.

Garman, S. On West Indian Iguanide and on West Indian
Scincide in M. C. Z., Cambridge, Mass.

Goode and Bean. A list of the fishes of Essex Co., Mass.

Kingsley, J. S. Carcinological notes, No. 5.

34 CATALOGUE.

Kingsley, J. S. On the development of the Crangon vulgaris
(2d paper).

Morse, E. S. Gradual dispersion of certain mollusca in New
England.

Morse, E. 8. Ancient and modern methods of arrow release.

Morse, E. S. Notes on the condition of zodlogy fifty years ago
and to-day.

Putnam, F. W. Remarks on some chipped stone implements.

Putnam, F. W. Notice of an interesting relic of Mexican
sculpture.

Putnam, F. W. Indians of California.

Robinson, John. Flora of Essex County, Mass.

Robinson, John. Notes on the woody plants of Essex County.

Robinson, John. Our trees.

Upham, William P. History of the art of stenography.

Upton, Winslow. Lecture on the eclipse of 1878.

Wright, George F. Indian Ridge and its continuations.

Wright, George F. The glacial phenomena of North America.

ART.

Heliotype illustrations of Prof. Edward S. Morse’s Japanese
Pottery room, letter press description by Sylvester Baxter.

Putnam, F. W. Conventionalism in ancient American art.

Silsbee, Edward A. An informal talk on architectural and
art topics.

Rantoul, Robert S. Notes on the authenticity of the portraits
of Governor Endicott.

White, G. M. Etchings of the following places of historical
interest in Salem and its vicinity:

The Old First Church. North Bridge.

Hawthorne’s Birth-place. The Head-quarters of General
Views from Beverly Bridge. Gage.

Views of Beverly shore. View from Winter Island.

Peabody Academy of Science. Essex Institute.
‘The ‘‘House of the Seven Ga- Pickering House.
bles.” Dr. Grimshawe House.

CATALOGUE. 35

Gallows Hill. Roger Williams House.
Harmony Grove Arch. North Church.

George Jacobs’ House. Baker’s Island.

Salem Custom House. Rebecca Nurse House.

The Exchange list of the Peabody Academy of Science
having in 1893 been united with that of the Essex Insti-
tute, and the scientific library of the former incorporated
with that of the Institute the following publications of the
Peabody Academy of Science are exhibited :

Memoirs, two volumes.

Reports, one volume.

Miscellaneous papers, one volume.

American Naturalist, nine volumes, 1867 to 1875.

With these are shown a collection of cards, notices
and forms used by the Institute, and itineraries, guides,
circulars of information, etc., issued for the benefit of
visitors to Salem.

ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXV. 6

36 : CATALOGUE.

GOVERNMENT BUILDING.
Department of Justice.

At the request of Mrs. J. Ellen Foster, special agent
of the Department of Justice, the committee had photo-
eraphs made on plates 11 X 14 inches, of documents re-
lating to the early history of Salem and the Colony of
Massachusetts Bay, as follows:

Charter or Indenture under signature of Lord Sheffield,
Jan. 1, 1623, to Roger Conant and others, from the
original in possession of the Essex Institute.

The Endicott Charter. Charter March 4, 1629, from
Charles I to Governor and Company of the Massachu-
setts Bay in New England from the original duplicate
charter sent to Endicott, now in possession of Salem
Athenzeum.

Page of the first book of Records of Deeds, Essex Co.,
1641, from the original at the Clerk of Courts office,
Salem.

Roger Conant’s will (first page) January 1, 1677.

Roger Conant’s will (showing signatures).

Examination of Martha Corey for witchcraft, Mar. 21,
1692, from original document in possession of Essex
Institute.

Examination of Rebekah Nurse for witchcraft, Mar. 24,
1692, from original at Clerk of Courts office, Salem.

Depositions of Ann Putnam and Ann Putnam, Jr. against
Rebekah Nurse and others, May 31, 1692, from
original in possession of the Essex Institute.

Indictment against Abigail Hobbs of Topsfield for “cove-
nanting with the Devil ;” in Casco Bay, 1688, from
original in possession of Essex Institute.

CATALOGUE. 37
Trial of George Jacobs. From the painting by Mattison
in possession of the Essex Institute.

Appointment of Bartholomew Gedney, William Brown,
John Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin as Justices of
Inferior Court of Common Pleas, Oct. 16, 1696,
William III; signature of Lt. Gov. Stoughton.

38 CATALOGUE.

LEATHER AND SHOE TRADES BUILDING.

New England Shoe and Leather Department.

EXHIBIT MADE BY ESSEX INSTITUTE AT REQUEST OF
MR. CLINTON COLLIER, SUPT.

First shoe pegged by machinery.

First patent granted a shoe pegging machine given Mar. 8, 1838, to Samuel Pres-
ton, Danvers, Mass. This machine was arranged to put two rows of pegs upon
each side of the shoe at the same time. It did not come into general use but the
principle involved is found in all later machines.

Shoe and patten, made in London 1780 and worn in
Salem soon after.

Shoe worn by a Salem belle at a Salem party about
1800. |

Pair of slippers made in Salem in 1824.

Slippers, French style, purchased in Salem, 1819.

Patten, used before the introduction of rubber over-
shoes.

Infant’s shoe, 1756.

Shoe worn by boy on Salem streets at a date prior to
the Revolution.

Shoe worn by children of the present generation in min-
ing district, Lancashire, England. Loaned by the Peabody
Academy of Science.

Pocket book made and used in Salem prior to 1730.

SS ee ES
SS

se

QUEEN ANNE.”

“HEPPEEWHITE”

HOAK CHEST: ”

CATALOGUE. 39

MASSACHUSETTS STATE BUILDING.
Reception Room.

Mr. E. C. Hovey, the Secretary of the Massachusetts
Board of World’s Fair Managers, gave the Essex Institute
full charge of fitting up and furnishing the main reception
room in the state building. After consultation with him
the committee decided to have the furniture illustrative of
the period from the time of the first settlement of Salem
until its commercial period at the beginning of the present
century ; also to place upon the walls portraits of men whose
names were familiar in state, commerce, law, science and
literature. In addition, to have a display of historical
relics which would, in a measure, show some of the his-
torical work of the Institute and also give an idea of the
directions in which it was hoped its collections would be
increased. To these were to be added volumes relating
to local history, albums of Salem views, and several vol-
umes of the publications of the Essex Institute.

PORTRAITS.

John Endicott. Copy by Frederick P. Vinton, from
the original portrait in possession of Hon. Wm. C. Endi-
cott,of Salem. Loanedby Mr. Wm. Endicott, Jr., Beverly.

Endicott was born in Dorchester, England, 1588; arrived at Salem in the ship
“Abigail,” Sept. 6, 1628, as ‘Governor of the Plantation.” In 1630, succeeded by
Winthrop and took his seat as one of the Assistants. 1636, appointed Magistrate to
hold the Salem Court, also Col. of Militia. In 1637, made one of the Standing Council
fer life. In 1641, Deputy Governor. In 1644, chosen Governor and served as such
almost continuously until his death. In 1645, made Sergeant Major General, the
highest military officer of thecolony. In 1652, established a mint. Died in Boston,
March 15, 1665. Location of his residence in Salem not accurately known, but was
not far from the’present corner of Washington and Federal streets. His farm in
Danvers with pear tree planted by himself is still in possession of his lineal de-
scendants.

Simon Bradstreet. Copy by Joseph DeCamp from the
portrait in the Senate Chamber, State House, Boston.
Loaned by the City of Salem.

40 CATALOGUE.

Born in England, 1603; died in Salem, March 27, 1697. Came to Massachusetts
in 1630 as one of the Assistants. Made Deputy Governor in 1673. Governor in 1679.
Served until 1686 when the charter was made void. Upon Sir Edmund Andros be-
ing deposed by the people in 1689, Bradstreet was again chosen Governor and con-
tinued in office until 1692. His house in Salem, taken down in 1755, stood upon the
present site of the Armory of 2d corps of Cadets, Mass. V. M.

George Peabody. Painted by A. B. Schell. Zoaned
by Mr. S. Endicott Peabody.

Banker and philanthropist, born in So. Danvers, now Peabody, Feb. 18, 1795;
died in London, Nov. 4, 1869.

Joseph Peabody. Painted by James Frothingham.
Loaned by Mr. S. Endicott Peabody.

Born in Middleton, Mass., Dec. 9, 1757; went to Salem at the age of eighteen and
joined the privateer “Bunker Hill” owned by E. H. Derby. Followed the sea for
many years until 1791 when he began his mercantile career. Was engaged in the
India, China, Straits and European trades as well as the West Indies and Spanish
Main. Built eighty-three vessels. Died at Salem, Jan. 5, 1844.

John Bertram. Copy by Miss H. Frances Osborne
from the painting by Dr. Edgar Parker, in possession of

the Peabody Academy of Science. Essex Institute.

Born in the Isle of Jersey, Feb. 11, 1796. Came to this country in 1807 and settled
in Salem. Followed the sea until 1832. Engaged in general commercial business.
Especially interested in the Zanzibar, Madagascar, Arabian and California trades.
Latter part of his life largely interested in the development of western railroads.
Noted for his munificent gifts to local charities.

Manasseh Cutler, LL.D., M. C. 1800 to 1802. Copy
by Miss A. W. Woodbury from the original portrait in

possession of the Essex Institute.

Clergyman and botanist at Ipswich Hamlet (Hamilton) ; bornin Killingly, Ct., in
1742 and died in Hamilton, 1823. Chaplain in Revolution; started the first party of
emigrants to the Ohio. Made the first scientific description of the plants of New
England.

Nathan Dane. Copy by Miss A. W. Woodbury of por-

trait in possession of Essex Institute.

Eminent jurist and statesman. Born in Ipswich, Dec. 27, 1752; died in Beverly,
Feb. 15, 1835. Harvard University, 1778. Member of Congress, 1785-8. Held va-
rious state offices. Member of the Hartford Convention, 1814. Framer of the cel-
ebrated ordinance of 1787 for the Northwest Territory. Founder of the Law School
at Cambridge.

William Gray, Jr. Solar print from portrait in posses-

sion of Peabody Academy of Science.

Born in Lynn, June 27, 1760. Entered counting room of Richard Derby at an
early age. Became one of the largest ship owners in Salem; at one time said to
be the largest in America. In 1807, owned fifteen ships, seven barques, thirteen
brigs, one schooner, or one-quarter of the tonnage of Salem. Took great interest
in politics and after removal from Salem became Lieut. Gov. of Mass.

CATALOGUE. 41

Sir Richard Saltonstall. Engraving from the portrait
by Rembrandt painted in Holland 1644 and now in pos-
session of his lineal descendants. Loaned by Mr. F’. H.
Lee.

Saltonstall was born in Halifax, England, 1586; died in England, 1658. One of
the grantees under the Council for New England. Came to this country with Win-
throp.

Elias Haskett Derby. Copy by Joseph De Camp from
portrait in possession of Peabody Academy of Science.

Essex Institute.

Born in Salem Aug. 16, 1729; died Apr. 8, 1799. One of Salem’s most eminent mer-
chants. His vessels were the firstfrom New England to engiuge in the India and
China trade.

Nathaniel Bowditch. Copy by Miss A. W. Woodbury
from portrait in possession of Peabody Academy of Science.

Essex Institute.
Learned mathematician, born in Salem 1773. President of a Marine Insurance
Co. in Salem 1804 to 1823, when he became Actuary of Massachusetts Hospital Life
Insurance Co.; died in 1838 in Boston,
Joseph Story. Copy by Joseph De Camp from portrait
in possession of Essex Institute.

Noted jurist and writer. Justice of United States Supreme Court. His law work
comprises sixty-one volumes. Published a volume of poems in1804. Born in Mar-
blehead. Practised Jaw in Salem many years. Died, 1845, in Cambridge, aged 66.

Nathaniel Hawthorne. Painted by Miss H. Frances
Osborne from photograph taken at request of Mr. James
T. Fields. Essex Institute.

Author of Scarlet Letter, Twice Told Tales, etc. The most distinguished writer
of Romance in America. Surveyor of Salem 1846-1850. In Boston Custom House
1838 to 1841. Born in Salem July 4, 1804; died at Plymouth, N. H., May 19, 1864,

Dr. William Paine. Photograph from painting. Loaned
by Mr. F. H. Lee.

Physician in Salem and Worcester. Loyalist. During the Revolution absent in
England. Introduced to George III. at Court in the costume in which portrait was
painted.

Joseph B. Felt. Engraving. Essex Institute.

Born in Salem 1789; died there Sept. 8, 1869. Historian, Author of the Annals
of Salem, History of Ipswich, History of Essex, Life of Hugh Peters, etc.

William Hickling Prescott. Engraving.
Essex Institute.

Born 1796; died 1859. Author of the History of Ferdinand and Isabella
Conquest of Mexico and many other woiks. Born on site of Plummer Hall.

4? CATALOGUE.

With this is framed an autograph letter, a photograph
from engraving of his birthplace, anda photograph of Plum-
mer Hall which now occupies the site of his birthplace.

Timothy Pickering. A miniature by George Southard
after original by Gilbert Stuart. Loaned by Mr. F. H.
Lee.

Born at Salem 1745; died there 1829. A prominent military and political character.
Served through the Revolutionary War under Washington, and at its close was
Secretary of War and Secretary of State. Was member of Congress and of the
Massachusetts Legislature and held also various minor offices. One of the leaders
of the Federal Party and noted for his honor and probity.

With this is framed a photograph of his birthplace, Broad
St., Salem, built in 1651; an autograph when he was town
clerk 1774; one when he was Secretary of State 1795, and
a letter when member of Congress 1815.

Timothy Dexter. Engraving. Essex Institute.

Newburyport merchant, somewhat eccentric; called himself “Lord Timothy Dex-
ter;” wrote pamphlets. Made a fortune by sending warming pans to the West In-
dies. Leather dresser by trade.

With this is framed a photograph, from engraving, of his
residence and grounds with decorations, an autograph, and
a reprint of his book, “Pickles for the knowing ones.”

Henry Wheatland. Photograph. Loaned by Mr. John
Robinson.
Born Jan. 11, 1812; died 1893. President Essex Institute. Distinguished for sci-
entific, genealogical and historical knowledge.

Capt. George Curwen. Photogravure. Loaned by
Mr. John Robinson.

Born in England 1610; died 1685. Old merchant, first of the name in this country.
Lived in the Roger Williams house. Earliest of Salem merchants, was in the London
trade previous to 1658; had four warehouses and two wharves in Salem and was
owner of the ketches ‘‘George,” “Swallow,” “John,” and ‘‘William.”

Rev. George Curwen. Photogravure. Loaned by Mr.

George Rt. Curwen.
Minister of First church, born 21 May, 1683; died 23 Nov., 1717; son of Capt. Geo.
Curwen.
Abigail (Curwen) Hawthorne. Loaned by Mr. George

R. Curwen.
Daughter of Capt. George Curwen. Ancestress of James Russell Lowell.

CATALOGUE. 43

Maj. Stephen Sewell. Loaned by Mr. George R.

OCurwen. ;
Born Baddesley, England, 19 Aug., 1657; died 17 Oct., 1725. Clerk of the Courts at
trial of the witches. Register of deeds for many years.

Margaret (Mitchell) Sewell. Loaned by Mr. George
RL. Curwen.

Wife of the above.

Samuel Curwen. Photogravure. Loaned by Mr. Geo.

R. Curwen.

Distinguished Tory of the Revolution. Lived in London 1775 to 1784; author of
Curwen’s Journal and Letters written in London during his expatriation.

Charles W. Upham. Engraving. Essex Institute.

Born 1802; died 1875. Distinguished as clergyman, Memberof Congress. Author
of History of Salem Witchcraft. Well known as a political and historical writer.

Robert Rantoul, Junr. Lithograph. Essex Institute.
Born 1805; died 1852. Lawyer, member of Congress, political writer.
John Carnes. Photographed from the original portrait
in possession of Essex Institute.
Commander of a Privateer during the Revolution.
Washington. From the original picture in possession of
the Nichols family, Salem. Loaned by Mr. F. H. Lee.
Silhouettes. Loaned by Mr. Chas. P. Bowditch, Boston.

Merchants, lawyers, and divines of Salem, etc., viz.:

Mr. Jonathan Waldo.

Druggist and merchant in Salem; built, in connection with Wm. Stearns, the “Old
Corner” building in 1792.

Col. Timothy Pickering.

Thomas Cushing, Esq.

Mr. Nathaniel West.
Merchant in Salem.

Judge Samuel Sewall (Marblehead).

Lawyer of distinction born in Boston 1757; died at Wiscasset, Me., 1814. Mem-
ber of State Legislature. M.C.1797-1800. Judge of Supreme Court and Chief Jus-
tice Nov. 1813.

Rey. Dr. John Prince.
Minister of First church from 1775 to 1836.
Mrs. Prince.
Wife of Rev. John Prince.

Jonathan Tucker, Esq.
Merchant.
ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXV. 7

44 CATALOGUE.

Mrs. Tucker.
Mr. Bowditch.
Rey. Dr. Lucius Bolles.

Baptist minister in Salem 1805; born 1779; died 1844.

Rev. Dr. T. Barnard, Jr.

(T. Barnard, Senr., was of the First church.) First minister North church, 1772 to
1814. Born 1748; died 1814.

Jonathan P. Saunders.

Surveyor and many sears town clerk of Salem.

Rev. Dr. Bentley.

Minister East Church 1783 to 1819. Born 1759, died Dec. 29, 1819. Editor Essex
Register. Harvard University 1777; tutor there. Distinguished as a theological
and political writer. Much interested in antiquarian matters.

Rev. Mr. Fisher.
Rector of St. Peter’s church; died in 1813.

Benjamin Pickman, Esq.

Born 1763; died 1843. Harvard University, 1784. Medical College, 1809-11. Mer-
chant in Salem. Noted Federalist writer.

Mr. Joseph Peabody.

Distinguished merchant in Salem, from 1791 to 1844.

John G. King, Esq.

Lawyer and scholar, first President of Common Council,

Rev. Dr. Daniel Hopkins.

Minister South Church 1776. Born 1834; died 1814.

John Punchard, Esq.

Held various officesin Salem. Drummer at West Point, time of capture, of Maj.
André, 1780.

PAINTINGS OF OLD HOUSES, ENGRAVINGS, PHOTOGRAPHS,
BROADSIDES, ETC.

Narbonne House. Pastel, by Ross Turner. Essex Insti-

tute.

This house, built prior to 1680, still stands at 71. Essex Street and is a good illus-
tration of the architecture of that period showing the lean-to roof.

Ward House. Pastel, by RossTurner. Essex Institute.

This house built by John Ward about 1684 and still standing on St. Peter street
shows the overhanging second story, which .romance attributes to being used as a
protection against the Indians. Itis, however, an old country type of building
brought over by the early settlers and was for the practical benefit of increased room
in second story.

CATALOGUE. 45

Cabot House. Water color, by Ross Turner. Essex In-
stitute.
House built by Joseph Cabot about 1748 showing good example of gambrel roof.
A fine illustration of the colonial type.
Nichols House. Water color, by Ross Turner. Essex
Institute.
Colonial house designed by McIntire, local architect.

Emmerton House. Pastel, by Ross Turner. Essex In-
stitute.

House built 1817, and remodelled in 1886, shows good example of colonial spirit
in modern architecture.

Roger Williams (Witch House). Water color, by Ross

Turner. Essex Institute.

Owned in 1635-6 by Roger Williams. Familiarly called “Old Witch House,” it
being occupied in 1692 by Jonathan Corwin one of the judges in the witcheraft trials,
and tradition has it that preliminary examinations of witnesses were held here. It
is the oldest house in Salem or vicinity.

Derby Mansion. Heliotype. ZLoaned by Mr. F. H. Lee.

House built in 1799 by Elias Haskett Derby the eminent merchant. Present mar-
ket house now stands on its site.

East Church. Lithograph. Loaned by Mr. F. H. Lee.

Building in which the famous Dr. William Bentley preached from 1783 to 1819.
East Church, interior. Lithograph. Loaned by Mr.
wear. Lee.
Pickman House. Lithograph. Loaned by Mr. F. H.
Lee.

Built by Col. Benjamin Pickman, 1750. Still standing though defaced by shops in
front. It is said that the term ‘Codfish Aristocracy” arose from the fact that the
end of each stair in the hall of this house was ornamented with gilded codfish, Col.
Pickman’s fortune being defived from the fisheries.

Derby House, Washington St. Lithograph. JLoaned by
ger. ti. Lee.

House built in 1764. John P. Derby the humorist, and John Rogers, sculptor,
both born in this house.

A corner inold Salem. Charcoal. Loaned by the artist,
Miss S. H.-C. Oliver.

View-on Summer St. giving a characteristic bit of some of the old types of
houses now fast disappearing.

Stairway in Cook House. Charcoal. Loaned by the
artisi, Miss 8S. EB. OC. Oliver.

House on Federal St. owned by Capt. Samuel Cook, a noted sea captain. The
figure, winding the clock, is that of Henry K. Oliver the well known educator and
writer.

46 CATALOGUE.

An old Salem garden. Oil. Loaned by the artist, Miss
S. EH. C. Oliver.

Roger Williams House. Photograph from original
sketch in possession of Essex Institute. See Witch House.

Bradstreet House. Photograph from original sketch in

possession of Essex Institute.

House built by Emanuel Downing and occupied by Gov. Bradstreet. Stood on
the site of the present Cadet Armory: building.

Timothy Lindall tombstone. Photograph. Loaned by
Mr. John Robinson.

Curious old tombstone erected to the memory of Timothy Lindall, a merchant in
Salem. Can be seen in Charter St. cemetery.

Stage coach. Lithograph. Loaned by Miss Laura E.
Foye.

Said to be first stage driven over Forest River road.

Battle of Bunker Hill. Engraving. Zoaned by Mr. F’.
fH. Lee.

Price Act. Essex Institute.

List of prices put in force to prevent monopoly and oppression in the town of
Ipswich at a meeting of the selectmen and committee of correspondence, Feb. 10,
1771.

Resolves of Provincial Congress. Essex Institute.

Resolves of provincial congress, Watertown, June 16, 1775, against profanation
of the Lord’s Day.

Elephant handbill. Loaned by Mr. John Robinson.

Ship America of Salem, Capt. Jacob Crowninshield, brought an elephant from
Bengal to New York, Apr. 19,1796. First elephant brought to this country. It sold
for $10,000 and was exhibited throughout the country, this show bill being used in
Boston a year later.

Commission to Joseph Sprague. Kssex Institute.

Commission signed by the “ major part of the council of Massachusetts Bay in
New England” to Jos. Sprague, major in First Reg’t Militia, Feb. 14, 1776.

John Little will. Loaned by Mrs. Grace A. Oliver.

Photographic reproduction of will made 1764, showing signatures, etc.

FURNITURE.

Court cupboard (Early Colonial period). Loaned by
Mr. Wm. C. Waters.

Pictured in Lyon’s Colonial Furniture Fig. 15. Doctor Lyon says Court Cup-

“COURT CUPBOARD.”

CATALOGUE. 47

boards were in use in England as early as 1586. In New England as well as the

-mother-country the Court Cupboard was found in the hall, the parlor or the cham-
bers of the chief magistrates, the clergy, and other persons of wealth and social
position. One is mentioned in the inventory of Wm. King, of Salem, 1654. There
is here, as in England, a style of cupboard having its upper part enclosed. The
part below was left open to receive the precious vessels of silver, glass and faience,
which were also displayed from the cupboard’s head.

Oak chest (Colonial period). Essex Institute. In use

in Newburyport.

Doctor Lyon says the fashion of making chests with drawers underneath sprang
up in England some time in the first half of the 17th century. They are more nu-
merous in New England than those without drawers. The black applied ornamen-
tation shows a later period than plain oak.

Secretary, mahogany (Pre-revolutionary period).
These Scrutoires, or Scrutoirs with bookcase, begin to be mentioned about 1710.
One very much like the example shown is pictured by Lyon’s Fig. 51, his bearing

date 1737. The Institute example was in use in Salem for years. Note the finish
of interior, secret drawers (so called), etc.

Sideboard, mahogany (Pre-revolutionary period).

Essex Institute.

This style of sideboard came in later than the buffets and are probably products
of the Chippendale (1753) and Heppelwhite (1780) designs. This example comes
from a Maine family and has been traced to Revolutionary times, it having been
in the family of Gen’! Knox at the time of the Revolution.

Corner cupboard. Essex Institute.

Corner Cupboards are mentioned in New England in 1719, and Doctor Lyon thinks
they differed from the Beaufat or Buffet. These were built generally into the cor-
ner, but movable buffets of mahogany were made in Philadelphia. They were used
for the display of glass and china.

Black oak chest (Early Settler period, about 1650-
1680). Loaned by Mr. Jos. Hudson, Newburyport.

The carving on this chest besides the usual conventional design has for a central
Ornament the Judgment of Solomon.

Clock (black oak case). Loaned by Mr. Jos. Hudson,
Newburyport.

Tall clock cases were probably not known much before 1680 (Dr. Lyon). This
case is older than the works. The door carving represents Adam and Eve driven
from the garden of Eden. The base, Moses in the bulrushes. The works are by
Lister and Bromley, Halifax, England.

Oak table .( Massachusetts Bay Colony period). Zoaned
by Mr. W. J. Stickney.

Tables of this description are mentioned in inventories in 1669. These were
favorites in New England in the seventeenth century.

Small table (Witchcraft period).

The real use of this table is in some doubt. Doctor Lyon, the authority in colo-
nial furniture, does not mention any of this kind. It has been in a family whose

48 CATALOGUE.

ancestors were connected with the witchcraft delusion and the tradition is that
itcame down from that period. It has every appearance of being a genuine exam-
ple and it was obtained through Mr. J. C. Casey, a well known dealer.

Table chair (about 1654). Loaned by Mr. W. J. Stick-

ney.

These chairs were used for tables and when not in use were set at the side of
the room. They are quite rare. Doctor Lyon, in Figs. 94 and 95, shows one very
similar to this example.

Reading chair (Colonial period). Loaned by Mr. W.
J. Stickney.

Two high-backed chairs (Witchcraft period). Zoaned
by Mrs. Wm. C. Waters.

These chairs came from the Rebecca Nurse house and tradition says date back
to the Bishop family.

Settle (Revolutionary period). Essex Institute.

This settle comes from one of the old houses of Salem. It was originally in use
in the living room but afterwards was removed to the porch.

Arm chair and four fan-backed chairs. Loaned by Pea-
body Academy of Science.

These chairs of the ‘‘Windsor” style belonged to the East India Marine Society
and were used by the merchants and ship-masters at the banquets of the society
about 1804.

Six painted chairs. Essex Institute.

These chairs about 1810 and later, were in use in the ‘‘best” rooms of Salem
houses.

Two high-backed oak chairs (Renaissance). Loaned
by Mr. and Mrs. J. T. Moulton, Lynn.

Two shield-backed mahogany chairs (Heppelwhite).
Loaned by Mr. W. J. Stickney.

High-backed walnut chair (Early Colonial). Loaned
by Mr. W. J. Stickney.

Two walnut chairs (Queen Anne). Loaned by Mr. W.
J. Stickney.

Two maple chairs (Chippendale style). Loaned by
Mr. W. J. Stickney.

Four Windsor chairs (about 1750). Loaned by Mr.
W. J. Stickney.

Hall clock. Loaned by Mr. John Robinson.

Clock by “Nathaniel Mulliken, Lexington” in solid mahogany case, The works

eS ee

CATALOGUE. 49

were originally in a cherry wood case of older style and doubtless they were run-
ning in some mansion in the neighborhood of Concord or Lexington at the time the
British regulars were marching through these towns on the eventful April 19, 1775.
Nathaniel Mulliken made clocks from 1751 to 1767. His sons continued the busi-
ness until the factory was burned by the British Troops on the night of April 19.

Andirons. Ball pattern. Loaned by Mr. John Rob-
inson.

Andirons, and fire set. Oval pattern. Zoaned by Mr.
W. J. Stickney.

CHINA, GLASS, ETC.
Corner Cupboard.

Ridgway plate. Beauties of America. South Boston Insane
Hospital. Loaned by Mr. W. J. Stickney.

Staffordshire plate, Clews. Peace and Plenty. Loaned by Mr.
W. J. Stickney.

Staffordsh're plate. State House, Boston. Loaned by Mr. W.
J. Stickney.

Rogers plate. State House, Boston. Loaned by Mr. W. J.
Stickney.

Enoch Wood plate. Com. McDonough. Loaned by Mr. W.
J. Stickney.

Ridgway pitcher. State House, Boston. Loaned by Mr.
W. J. Stickney.

Nahant Hotel plate. Loaned by Mr. W. J. Stickney.

Harvey plate. English. Loaned by Mr. W. J. Stickney.

Platter, Old Italian Majolica. Loaned by Mr. W. J. Stickney.

Platter, Toft-ware. Staffordshire 1675, slip decoration. Loaned
by Mr. W. J. Stickney.

English plate. Formerly belonged to Tobias Lear, Portsmouth,
Washington’s private secretary. Loaned by Mr. W. J.

Stickney.
Nankin plate. Loaned by Mr. W. J. Stickney.
Nankin plates “ . “
Canton plate. i % he

Tuscan rose plate, English. Loaned by Mr. W. J. Stickney.
Cup and saucer, American ware. Delaware. Loaned by Mr.
W. J. Stickney.

50 CATALOGUE.

Delft plate. Loaned by Mr. W. J. Stickney.

it% ce ce

‘cc 6c ‘ce &é

Liverpool plate. Herculaneum. Loaned by Mr. W. J. Stickney.

English plate. Loaned by Mr. W. J. Stickney.

Jackson plate. Clyde. Loaned by Mr. W. J. Stickney.

‘Liverpool plate. Loaned by Mr. W. J. Stickney.

Old Delft plate. * es

Cup and saucer. State House, Boston. Loaned by Mr. W. J.
Stickney.

Old English pitcher, used by Miss Susannah Ingersoll at ‘“‘ House
of Seven Gables.”’ Essex Institute.

Old China pottery teapot. ‘‘ House of Seven Gables.” Essex
Institute.

Staffordshire pepper pot, 1825. Essex Institute.

Pewter pot, pint. ~

Ridgway pitcher. Tam O’Shanter 1832. Loaned by Mr. John
Robinson.

Silver cream jug. Marriage pitcher of Susannah Ingersoll and
Daniel Bray, 1680, descended through family of Philip En-
glish to Susannah Ingersoll occupant in Hawthorne’s time of
so-called House of Seven Gables. Mark p?, Loaned by
Mr. John Robinson.

On Sideboards, Mantels, etc.
Teapot, blue decoration. Essex Institute.

Face mug. i .
China punch bowl. - "
Delft punch bowl. “4 =
Teapot. e x
Sugar bowl. -
Pitcher, snake pattern. e: 4
Delft pitcher. +
Pitcher. Boar’s head. sy

Pitcher, Liverpool ware, ship ornamentation. Loaned by Mr.
W. J. Stickney.

Two glass decanters, about 1800. Loaned by Mr. W. J.
Stickney.

CATALOGUE. 51

Six brass candlesticks. Loaned by Mr. T. F. Hunt.

Plate, English, blue printed ornamentation. Loaned by Mr.
T. F. Hunt.

Plate, English, grav printed ornamentation. Loaned by Mr.
oh. Hunt,

Pitcher, Liverpool ware, Masonic emblems. Loaned by Mr.
W. J. Stickney.

Ginger jars. Old style. Loaned by Mr. T. F. Hunt.

Mug. Bacchus. és ‘ ‘é
Teapot, English ware, blue decoration. Loaned by Mr. T. F.
Hunt.

Two liquor jugs, decorated glass. Loaned by Mr. T. F. Hunt.

Coffee pot, Old Canton ware. Loaned by Mr. T. F. Hunt.

“Old blue” plates, Canton ware. Loaned by Mr. J. Robinson.

Three grog tumblers. Loaned by Mr. W. J. Stickney.

Soup tureen, “Old Blue’? Canton ware. Loaned by Mr. J.
Robinson.

Vegetable dishes, “Old Blue” Canton ware. Loaned by Mr.
J. Robinson.

Coffee pot, “‘ Lowestoft.’’ Loaned by Mr. J. Robinson.

Teapot, ‘“c 73 ‘6

Engraved grog tumbler.

Engraved grog tumbler with handle. Loaned by Mr. J. Rob-
inson.

Grog tumbler, plain. Loaned by Mr. J. Robinson.

Bowl, blue decoration. Loaned by Mr. J. Robinson.

Bowl, Liverpool ware. = ae

Teapot, Liverpool ware.

Sugar bowl, blue decoration. Loaned by Mr. J. Robinson.

Two silver plated candelabras. In use at South church, Salem,
1804. Loaned by Mr. John Robinson.

6“é ce

(f3 6é

Publications of the Essex Institute and books of local
historical interest in Reception Room. These books are
bound in leather made in Salem.

Visitor’s Guide to Salem.

Historical Sketch of Salem. Osgood and Batchelder.
Old Naumkeag. Mr. W. S. Nevins.

ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXV. 8

52 CATALOGUE.

Naumkeag Directory. Mr. H.M. Meek.

Salem Witchcraft in Outline. Mrs. C. E. Upham.
Witchcraft in Salem Village. Mr. W.S. Nevins.
Our Trees. Mr. John Robinson.

Salem Light Infantry. Mr. Geo. M. Whipple.
Records of ‘Town of Manchester.

Records of Town of Gloucester.

Morse’s Japanese Pottery. Sylvester Baxter.
Arrow Release. Mr. E.S. Morse.

History of Marblehead. Mr. S. Roads, Jr.

Eight volumes consisting of gleanings from the Histori-
cal Collections and Bulletin of the Essex Institute.

CONTENTS OF GLEANINGS.

Reports. _
Reports of Field Meetings.
Regular Meetings.
Index to Publications, etc. :

Natural History, ete.
Zoology Fifty Years Ago. Morse.
Glacial Phenomena. Wright.
Geological Notes. Sears.
Dispersion of Certain Mollusks. Morse.
Mollusca of lowa. Keyes.
Reptiles from Texas and Mexico. Garman.
Fishes of Essex County. Goode and Bean.
New Sharks. Garman.
A Species of Heptranchium. Garman.
Contribution to Myology of Tachyglossum hystrix. Fewkes.
Aid to Collectors of Coelenterata in New England. Fewkes.
Birds of Massachusetts. Allen.
Birds of Colorado. Ridgway.
Birds of Northeastern Illinois. Nelson.
Pigeons. Barton.

Botany.
Botany in Essex County. Robinson.
Notes on Flora of South Georgetown. Horner.

ee ee eee ee eee eee ee ee eee eee =

——

CATALOGUE. 53

Victoria Regia. Russell.

Introduced Plants near wool-scouring establishment. Alcott.
Dissemination of Seeds. Plummer.

Flora of Essex County. Robinson.

Folk Lore, etc.
Indian Games. Davis.
Santhas of Northeastern Bengal. Kneeland.
Selish Myths. Hoffman.
Summer Ceremonial at Zuni. Fewkes.
Andean Medal. Garman.
Conventionalism in Ancient American Art. Putnam.
Chipped Stone Implements. Putnam.
Ipswich Shell-heap. Robinson.
Indians of Los Angeles. Hoffman.

Biography.
Benj. Peirce. Rantoul.
Reminiscences of distinguished Essex County men. Crosby.
Choate, Cushing and Rantoul. Stone.
Samuel Parris. Fowler.
John Bertram. Atwood.
Tristam Dalton. Stone.
Governor Andrew. Stone.
Sir William Pepperrell. Dame.
Jones Very. Andrews.

Local History.
Common Fields. Adams.
Salem Commons. Adams.
«¢ Newspapers. Streeter.
“Musical Societies. Whipple.
Early Recollections of Essex Street... Thayer.
Centennial Anniversary of Provincial Assembly. Goodell.
Leslie’s Retreat. Endicott.
Twenty-fifth Anniversary Settlement of E. B. Willson.
Methodism in Salem. Almy.

Cruises.
Cleopatra’s Barge. Crowninshield.

54 CATALOGUE.

Early California Voyage. Eagleston.

Commission of a Salem Privateer. Crowell.

Sea Journal of Caleb Foote, Sr., compiled by Caleb Foote.
First Cruise of Frigate Essex. Preble.

Genealogy.
Genealogical Gleanings in England. Waters.
Henry Silsbee. Emmerton.
Richardson and Russell. Kimball.
Prince Family, Danvers. Putnam.
Allen Family, Manchester. Price.
Perkins Family. Perkins.
Records of First Church. Emmerton.
Salem Baptisms. Emmerton.

Nine albums of photographic views. These were selected
from the series of Art Viewsof Historic Salem published
by Mr. Frank Cousins, placed on special mounts and
consist entirely of buildings, sites, architectural studies,
etc., that can be seen by visitors in Salem to-day.

Salem Streets and Business Buildings.
Chestnut St. west from Summer.
Boston St. and “Big Tree.”
Essex St. west from Essex Institute.
Old Bakery, High St., built about 1700.
Foot of Creek St.
Washington St. west side, and Railroad Station.
Essex St. east from Washington.
Essex St. west from Museum.
Essex St. near St. Peter St., site of William Gray’s garden.
North St. north from Bridge St.
William Gray’s Counting-room.
Joseph Peabody’s Counting-room.
Forest River Lead Mills, 1832.
Naumkeag Steam Cotton Mills.
Salem Electric Lighting Co., 1890:
Frisbee’s Boat Yard, off Derby St.

CATALOGUE. 55

Derby Wharf (built about 1760), 1890.

Phillips Wharf and Wilkesbarre Coal Elevators.
Essex House, William Gray’s residence in 1800,
Bank Building, Central St., about 1816.

Asiatic Building, Washington St., 1854.

Northey Building, Washington and Essex Sts., 1873.
Odell Building, Washington St., 189r.

Peabody Building, Washington St., 1892.

Gardner Building, Essex St., 1892.

Salem: Public Buildings.
Custom House, Derby St., 1818 ; also Old Ladies’ Home, 1816.
Post Office, Washington St., 1882.
Court Houses, Federal St., 1840 and 1892.
Court House (1892), Law Library, east.
“ce ce “é 6é “é west.
Salem Jail, St. Peter St., 1813 and 1884.
Hamilton Hall, Chestnut and Cambridge Sts., 1805.
Mechanic Hall; Essex St., 1832.
Boston and Maine Railroad Station, 1845.
Armory, Salem Cadets, Essex St. (Francis Peabody Residence
1818). ,
Armory, Salem Cadets Essex St. Officers’ quarters.
? - “ * “ Drawing-room.
Mantel in drawing-room.
Doorway 66 73 ce
“c ‘ce 6é “ce 6e 6“ “ce reception éé
Mantel in banquet hall.
es ee ‘¢ be ‘*¢ Banquet hall, north.
Town Hall and Market, 1816.
City Halli, Washington St., 1838.
si “« Indian Deed of Salem, 1686.
Steamer House of Fire Department, Church St.
Alms House«1816 and Insane Asylum 1884, Salem Neck.
Plummer Farm School, Winter Island.
Franklin Building, Washington Square, 1860.
Saiem Hospital, Charter St. (Bryant House 1815).
Old Men’s Home, Derby St. (Waters’ residence 1815).

56 CATALOGUE.

Children’s Friend Society, Home on Carpenter St., 1878.
Woman’s Friend Society, Elm St. (Residence about 1804).
City Orphan Asylum, Lafayette St. (Roman Catholic).

Salem: Old Houses.

Pickering House, Broad street, 1651.

Narbonne House, Essex street, 1680 (west).
« 73 i: “*. 4680 (east).
3 = * “4 C680. (tear),

John Ward House, St. Peter street, 1684.

Old Bakery, Washington street, 1680.

Cromwell House, rear of Derby street, about 1680.

An old “cent shop,” Essex street, about 1780.

Barton House and studio, Washington square, about 1740.

Old Derby Mansion, Derby street, 1762.

Residence, Hon. W. C. Endicott (Cabot House), Essex street,
1748.

Miles Ward House, Herbert street, about 1760.

Fitch-Derby mansion, Lafayette street, about 1780.

Derby Mansion, Washington street, 1764.

Hodges House, Essex street, 1780.

Old Assembly Hall, “1769. Now residence of Mrs. John
Bertram. Lafayette entertained here Oct. 29, 1784, and
Washington Oct. 29, 1789.

Nichols House, Federal street, about 1798 (front).

_ ee rH “ 1798 (rear and court yard).

“The Studio,” Chestnut and Summer street, 1826, showing spire
of South church, 1805.

Peabody and Lord residences, Washington square, about 1818.

Residence of Mrs. Geo. R. Emmerton, Essex street. Restored
colonial architecture. .

Andrew House, Washington square, 1818.

Public Grounds, Walks, etc.
The Common, western gate.
The Willows and Juniper Point.
sf “« (planted 1802), Salem Neck.
Wharf at Willows.

—— ee LE ee ee eee ee ee ee ee eee ee

eS SS eS

CATALOGUE. 57

Baker’s Island (Salem Harbor), Government Lights.

‘ 66 The Cliffs.
“ 66 Point of Rocks.
Charter street cemetery, Old Burying Point, 1635, entrance.
‘ sé “6 Oldest headstone, 1673.
$6 “ és Old headstone, 1688.
“ rT 6 Mary Corey headstone, 1684.
“ “ 6 Timothy Lindall headstone, 1698.
‘ “ és Old headstones.
Broad street cemetery, Gen. Fred Lander’s tomb.
“ ““ “ Sewall children headstone.
‘ “6 e Timothy Pickering tomb.
Harmony Grove “ near entrance.
‘6 Ge Jesse Smith monument.
“ a John Bertram “¢
‘ Ghee: | Geo. Peabody ‘*
Greenlawn ff The Lake.

Floating Bridge, 1802, on turnpike to Boston.

Endicott pear tree, planted 1630, Danvers.

Francis Peabody Mansion, built prior to 1770 by Robt. Hooper,
Danvers.

Whittier’s Danvers Home, built by W. A. Lander, 1842.

Geo. Jacobs House, 1690, Danvers. Jacobs taken from this
house and tried for witchcraft, 1692.

Rebecca Nurse monument, Danvers.

Old Powder House, 1775, Marblehead.

Lee Mansion, 1768, Marblehead.

Stairway in Lee Mansion, 1768, Marblehead.

Door in Story House, about 1743, Marblehead.

Salem: Historical Sites and Portraits.

Roger Williams House, 1634. Residence of Judge Corwin,
1692; also known as the “Witch House.”

The same, showing older portion only.

Shattuck House, Essex street. Bridget Bishop accused of be-
witching a child here.

Residence of A. C. Goodell, Jr., Esq. Site of and contains
timbers of Witchcraft Jail of 1692.

58

CATALOGUE.

Gallows Hill. Site of witchcraft executions in 1692.

North Bridge. Site of “Leslie’s Retreat,” Feb. 26, 1775.

Joshua Ward House. Gen. Washington passed the night here
Oct. 29, 1789.

Birthplace of Nathaniel Bowditch, Mar. 26, 1773, and of Rev.
Samuel Johnson, Oct. 10,1822. House removed from Brown
street.

Residence of Rev. Dr. William Bentley and place of his death,
1819, Essex street.

Residence of Judge Joseph Story, 1811—. Birthplace of W.
W. Story, 1819. Visited by Lafayette, 1824.

Doorway of Custom House, 1805, Central street.

Essex Bridge, 1788. Inspected by Washington, 1789. Site of
Winthrop’s landing, 1630, in foreground. Beverly at distance.

Allen pear tree, Hardy street. Planted in 1640.

Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1804-64. From Mayall daguerreotype.

Hawthorne’s birthplace, July 4, 1804, Union street. “Built
about 1680.” :

Rear of Hawthorne’s Herbert street residence from birthplace on
Union street. ‘“Myold accustomed chamber” is in this house.

Dr. Nathaniel Peabody’s residence, 1838. “Dr. Grimshawe’s
House,” ‘‘cornered on a graveyard.’ Charter street.

Porch of Dr. Peabody’s residence, 1838. ‘‘Affording a glimpse -
up and down the street through an oval window on each side.”
Charter street.

Hawthorne’s Chestnut St. residence, 1846. “The birds do visit
our trees in Chestnut St.”—-Mrs. Hawthorne’s letter.

Hawthorne’s Mall street residence. “The Scarlet Letter’ was
written here in 1849.

Ingersoll House, about 1670, often called “House of the Seven
Gables.” Turner street. A

Gov. John Endicott, 1588-1665. From portrait in Essex In-
stitute, Salem.

Gov. Simon Bradstreet, 1603-1697. From portrait in Essex
Institute. Original in Mass. State House.

William Pyncheon. “An dom 1657,” “tat. 67.” Portrait at
Essex Institute:

CATALOGUE. 59

Mrs. Deborah Clarke, grandmother of Lord Bryan Fairfax.
Portrait at Essex Institute.

Mrs. Annie (Brown) Fitch. From picture by Copley at Essex
Institute.

Alexander Hamilton, 1757-1804. From picture by John Trum-
bull at Essex Institute.

Judge Joseph Story, 1779-1845. From portrait by Charles
Osgood at Essex Institute.

Leverett Saltonstall, 1783-1843. From portrait by Charles Os-
good at Essex Institute. First Mayor of Salem.

Nathaniel Bowditch, 1773-1838. From portrait by Charles
Osgood at Peabody Academy of Science. Mathematician.

Elias Haskett Derby, 1739-1799. From portrait by James
Frothingham in Peabody Academy of Science.

Jacob Crowninshield, 1770-1808. From painting by Robert
Hinkley in Peabody Academy of Science.

William Gray, 1750-1825. From painting after Gilbert Stuart
at Peabody Academy of Science.

Joseph Peabody, 1757-1844. From painting by Charles Os-
good at Peabody Academy of Science.

Nathaniel Silsbee, 1773-1850, U. S. Senator. From painting
by A. Hartwell after Chester Harding at Peabody Academy
of Science.

Capt. John Bertram, 1796-1882. From painting by Edgar
Parker at Peabody Academy of Science.

George Peabody, 1795-1869. From painting at Peabody Insti-
tute, Peabody, Mass.

George Peabody, 1795-1869. From marble bust at Peabody
Institute, Peabody, Mass.

Salem Schools and Churches.
State Normal school, Broad and Summer streets.
High school, Broad street. 1856.
Oliver (Primary) school, formerly old Latin school, Broad street.
Bentley (girls grammar and primary) school, Essex street. 1861.
Bertram (Primary) school, Willow avenue.
First church (Unitarian) corner Essex and Washington streets.

1826, remodelled 1874.
ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXV. 9

60 CATALOGUE.

East church (Unitarian), Washington square. 1846.

Tabernacle church (Orthodox Congregational), Washington
street. 1854.

North church (Unitarian), Essex street. 1835.
éé 66 66 “ce 6% interior.

South church (Orthodox Congregational) , Chestnut street, spire
by McIntire.

Independent church (Unitarian), Essex street. 1824.

Friends’ Meeting House, Pine and Warren streets. 1832.

St. Peter’s church (Episcopal), St. Peter street. 1833.

Grace church (Episcopal), Essex street. 1858, remodelled

1889.

First Baptist church, Federal street. 1806, remodelled 1868
and 1878.

Central Baptist church, St. Peter street. 1826. Remodelled
1877.

Advent Christian church, North street. 1890.

Universalist church, Rust street. 1808. Remodelled 1888.

Immaculate Conception (Roman Catholic) church,’ Walnut
street. 1857. Remodelled 1880.

Immaculate Conception (Roman Catholic) church, interior.

St. Joseph’s (French Roman Catholic) church, Lafayette street.
1883.

Lafayette Street (Methodist) church, Lafayette and Harbor
streets. 1853.

Wesley (Methodist) church, North street. 1888.

New Jerusalem church (Swedenborgian), Essex street. 1871.

Marine Society’s Bethel (non-sectarian), Turner street. 1890.

Salem Literary and Scientific Societies.
Salem Public Library (Bertram Mansion) Essex street.

“ 6 ‘5 Entrance.

«“ «6 od Delivery desk.

‘6 ‘“ 4 Delivery room.
& «“ Me Reading room.
‘“ « bs Reference room.

Peabody Academy of Science (East India Marine Hall 1824),
Essex street.

CATALOGUE. 61

Peabody Academy of Science (East India Marine Hall 1824),
rear view, Essex street.

Peabody Academy of Science Zodlogical collections. Birds.
‘ec 66 66 4 bi Corals.
«6 «“ ss Bavex Cov) | Turtles.
rT 7 “c 66 e Minerals.
‘“ és " Marine trophy: East Hall.
. i 9: South gallery : "
6eé if% “ec North 66 6é
‘“é éé “cc

Relics East India Marine Society »
Essex Institute (Daland Mansion) Essex street.
, " Entrance.

” ” Reception room.

Y ” Historical room (portrait Dr. Henry Wheatland).
' s Antiquities, historical room.

“ ry Old China, if

“c “cc

First Puritan Meeting House. 1634.
Essex Institute. Interior First Puritan Meeting Home showing
Hawthorne, Bowditch and Gray desks.
Essex Institute. “Ship Rock’”’ near Salem, the property of the
Institute. Weight 1100 tons.
Plummer Hall, Essex street.
« © — interior, Salem Athenzeum.

Salem: Halls, Stairways and Mantels.
Narbonne House, Essex street, interior, corner-cupboard, 1680.

“ “ “ “ star shutters, 1680.
Hubon *

Charter street, stairway, 1780.

Hodges “ Essex street, stairway, 1780.
ns zs ‘i newel post, 1780.
Lindall " be stairway, 1740.
Brown «« Summer street, stairway, about 1780.
. “ fe 4 turn, about 1780.
Nichols ~~“ Federal street, interior, 1798.
ce 6c 6é iT I 798.
‘i " if stairway, 1798.
ce 6é éeé

stair landing window, 1798.

Washington Hall, Washington street, fireplace, 1792.

62 CATALOGUE.

Lindall House, Essex street, mantel 1740.
Fitch-Derby Mansion, Lafayette street, mantel, about 1780.
Old Ladies’ Home, Derby street, mantel, 1816.
‘f “4 id i SOB,
Kimball House, Pickman street, mantel, about 1804.
73 6é 6é 6é éeé 6cé
Clifford Crowninshield House, Washington square, mantel
McIntire, 1805.
Woman’s Friend Society, Elm street, mantel, 1804.
““ “ “ 3 66 1804.

Salem: Doorways.
Robert Stone House, Walnut street, about 1700.
Twenty-three Summer street, about 1780.
Miles Ward House, Herbert street, about 1760.
Fifty-two Essex street, about 1790.
Z. Silsbee House, Washington square, about 1800.
Stearns House, Essex street, Flint street door, about 1800.
Eighty-one Essex street, about i800. ;
Nineteen Margin street, about 1760.
Osgood House, Essex street, about 1765.
Cabot-Endicott House, Essex street (1748). Doorway re-
stored, 1875.
Ives-Court House (Pine apple), about 1750. |
Six Downing street, about 1750.
Nine Federal street, about 1804. :
Browne House, Summer street (about 1780). Doorway about
1804. |
Eighty-five Essex street, about 1800.
Home for aged men, Derby street, Turner street doorway
about 1815.
Lord House, Washington square, Oliver street doorway, 1817.
Derby street about 1799: “ Decayed gentility.”
Stearns House, Essex street, about 1800.
Nichols House, Federal street, 1798.
Ropes House, Essex street, about 1750. Doorway, 1835.
Cook House, Federal street, about 1802. Fence posts from
Elias Haskett Derby Mansion, Essex street, 1799.

CATALOGUE. 63

Kimball House, Pickman street, about 1804.

Nathan Robinson House, Chestnut street, 1804. Remodelled
by Mr. Little, 1887.

Francis Peabody House (Cadet Armory), Essex street, about
1818.

Forrester House (Geo. Peabody), Washington square, 1819.

Pickman House (Benj. Shreve), Chestnut street, 1816.

Pickering Dodge House (Dr. Shreve), Chestnut street, 1817.

Emmerton House, Essex street (Pickman house, 1817), re-
modeled, 1886.

Emmerton House, Essex street, Western end and yard, 1886.

John C. Lee House, Chestnut street, 1848.

Clifford Crowninshield House, Washington square, 1805.

White House (D. Pingree), Essex street, about 1817.

Tucker House, Essex street, about 1818.

Andrew House (W. O. Safford), Washington square, 1819.
doorway altered about 1860.

Whipple House, Andover street, restored colonial.

HISTORICAL RELICS IN THE TABLE CASES.
Case 1. The coins and paper currency of Massachu-
setts Bay in New England during the Colonial and Revo-
lutionary periods covering issues from 1650-1788. <A tab-

let in the centre of this case contains the coins all of which

are in fine condition, as follows :—

New England Shilling: Obv. “N. E.,” rev. “XII.” Minted
at Boston in 1650, and considered the earliest as well as one of
the rarest of the coins of the American colonies. Loaned by Mr.

Po. Lee.

Six Pine Tree Shillings, 1652.

Three Oak Tree Shillings, 1652.

Two Pine Tree Six-pences, 1652.

Three Pine Tree Three-pences, 1652.

Three Oak Tree Two-pences, 1662.

Four Massachusetts or “Indian’’ cents, 1787 and 1788.
Four half-cents as above.

Loaned by Messrs. H. M. Brooks and F. H. Lee.

64 CATALOGUE.

The “Pine Tree’ silver is the most interesting as well as the
best known of the Colonial money. It was minted from 1652 to
1680 but always bore the date 1652, it is said, to prevent the au-
thorities in England from checking this assumed right of coining
money in Massachusetts. The twopenny pieces, however, bear
date 1662. John Hull, the mint-master, lived at the present Pem-
berton Sq., Boston, his house later being occupied by Judge Sam-
uel Sewell who received a dowry with his wife, Hull’s daughter, of
her weight in Pine Tree shillings ; but this dowry has been placed
by some writers at £30,000, rather a heavy weight, however, for
even the stout daughter. Many of the dies for these coins were
cut by Joseph Jenks, then connected with the Iron works at Saugus,
the earliest to cast iron ware in the country. Immense quantities
of the Pine Tree coins were minted but all varieties are now rare.

The dies for the copper cents and half cents of 1787-8 were
made by Joseph Callender, whose place of business was at “Half
square State St.,’”’ Boston, or where Brazier’s Building now stands,
and later by Jacob Perkins of Newburyport. Joshua Witherle was
the mint-master, popularly known as “the cent maker,” and lived
and had his mint on the land now numbered 1132-44 Washington
St., at E. Waltham St., Boston. The building was of wood 20 by
4o feet. (See exhaustive account of the Massachusetts coins in
Crosby’s Early Coins of America.)

The paper currency illustrates the issues from 1690 to the merg-
ing of the state in the nation, and includes many very rare and
interesting specimens of these old bills. Among these are the
“Pine Tree” and the “Sword in hand” issues. In addition to the
currency are two State notes.

The collection in detail is as follows :—.

1690, bill of 5 shillings.

1713-1740, bill of 1 shilling.

1744, bill of 2 pence.

1740, “A Crown.”

1737, 1,3; ana 5. pence.

1776, June 18, t and 4 shillings.

1776-1778 (Pine Tree bills), 3 pence, 8 pence, 1 shilling, 1 and
6 pence, 2, 3, 4, 5 shillings, 4 and 8 pence, 5 and 4 pence.

eee Ss ee eS eS es ee lL

ee ee ee

CATALOGUE. 65

1776-1778 (Pine Tree), bills of 2 and 6 pence and 3 shillings
uncut, as printed together on one sheet.

1775-1776 (Sword-in-hand bills), 1 and 4 pence, 8, 12, and 48
shillings.

1776, an old counterfeit bill of 4 dollars.

1780, Massachusetts Bay, Continental Currency series with set
to show backs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 20 dollars.

A bundle $2,000, of cancelled $20 bills preserved in the origi-
nal package.

Treasury note 44 pounds 3 shillings Dec. 1, 1777, to Josiah
Hemmenway.

War Committee note for 10 pounds March 11, 1777.

Case 2. Early new England press-work, broadsides,
almanacs, etc., selected from the collections of the Essex
Institute.

Eighteenth-century almanacs including interleaved almanac
with manuscript notes of family and local happenings, an old
colonial custom.

Engraving, by Paul Revere, and in original frame, of the Boston ©
Massacre, March 5, 1770.

Broadside: ballad on the death of General Wolfe, Sept. 13,
2799"

Pamphlet: abstract of Massachusetts criminal laws, printed in
1704, containing the famous “Scarlet Letter” law.

Pamphlet: relating to the Maule controversy; ‘ Persecutors
mauled with their own weapons.”

Salem and Boston eighteenth-century newspapers: Essex Reg-
ister, N. E. Courant, Sentinel, Gazette, Post Boy, including one in
mourning announcing the death of George Washington.

Lottery tickets, loaned by Mr. Henry M. Brooks: United States
lottery to recoup war expenses 1776; State of Massachusetts to
procure funds 1781; Harvard College for educational purposes
1795; a church at Bristol, R. I., for church funds, 1802.

Case 3. Old-time needlework.

Sampler wrought by Mary M. Peele, 1778.
Basket of flowers, Kensington stitch, about 1790.

66 CATALOGUE.

Sampler wrought by Ruth Gray, 1804.

Sampler wrought previous to 1628 by Anne Gower, the first
wife of Gov. John Endicott.

Sampler wrought by Martha C. Fitzhugh, of Virginia, 1793.

Pocket-book wrought by Eliza Willard, 1760.

Pocket-book wrought in 1765.

Sampler wrought by Sarah Courtis, 1770.

Case 4. Art in the home in old times in New England.

Colored engraving of Nelson’s victory 1798.

Painting on glass: girl before a monument and weeping-willow.

Needlework and water-color combination picture. Zoaned by
Mrs. H. M. Brooks.

Colored engraving: ‘The Royal Ann.”

Pastel: head ofa girl, by William Blythe, Salem, early present
century.

Case 5. Manuscripts: early theological; witchcraft.

Sermon preached by Rev. Mr. Pickman, 1644.

Sermon preached by Rev. Mr. Diman of the East church,
Salem, in 1756.

Sermons preached by Rev. Mr. Sewall, 1727-1744.

Sermon preached by Rev. George Curwen at First church
Salem, Aug. 23, 1716, for successes of Geo. I over the Pretender.

Volume of sermons preached by Rev. Mr. Henry Gibbs, 1695.

Deposition of Mrs. Ann Putnam and Ann Putnam Jr., before
magistrates Hathorne and Corwin, May 31, 1692, against Re-
bekah Nurse and others who were hanged for witchcraft in 1692.

Indictment of Abigail Hobbs of Topsfield for “covenanting with
the devil,” 1692.

Deed of Land signed by Bridget Bishop 1679, acknowledged
before William Hathorne (ancestor of Nathaniel) and John Ha-
thorne one of the witchcraft judges. She was executed for witch-
craft in 1692—the first victim. Her residence was near the
present corner of Churchand Washington streets, Salem : the house
in which “ the puppets ” were said to have been found.

Case 6. Manuscripts: early commercial.

CATALOGUE. 67

Philip English’s account book 1678-1690, with a photograph of
his house from an old drawing.

Autograph letter of instructions by Elias Haskett Derby, 1779.

Parchment deed: Charles Downing to Thorndike Proctor,
1700.

Autograph of Retire Becket, one of Salem’s noted ship builders.

Bill of Lading, schooner ‘‘ Volant’ Nov. 30, 1749, Timo. Orne,
Jr. ; shipping articles 1749, schooner ‘* Hampton.”

Autograph, Judge Benj. Lynde, 1751. |

Bill of exchange, Elias Haskett Derby, 1784.

Underwriters’ policy of insurance £1000, schooner “ Volant,”
1748.

Autograph, Wm. Gray Jr. (bill for tea), 1788.

Tax bill, Jos. Sprague (£80.10.6), 1781.

Case 7. Manuscripts: official.

Autograph letter of Benjamin Goodhue, New York, Feb. 7, 1790.
The first member of Congress from the Essex District.

Commission of Joseph Hiller, first U. S. Customs Collector,
signed by George Washington, Aug. 4, 1789.

Resolution of the Continental Congress at Philadelphia direct-
ing General Washington to raise troops in New Hampshire, signed
by John Hancock, President, and Charles Thompson, Secretary.

Autographs of Nathan Dane and Rufus Putnam on an order of
Capt. Joshua Ward for “a whale boat,” Salem, June 8, 1785.

Botanical note book of Manasseh Cutler (VIII 1787-1798) ;
“Descriptions of American Indigenous Plants, signed by him in_
1787.

These last three autographs of Dane, Putnam and Cutler are
memorials of the settlement of Ohio and the “freedom of the
north-west territories.”

License of Brigantine ‘‘Cicero” signed by Joseph Hiller, the
first United States Customs Collector under Washington.

Instructions in regard to the British ‘‘Orders in Council’ signed
by James Munroe, Secretary of State, Aug. 28, 1812.

Case 8. Silhouettes, medals, seals, ete.

Silhouettes. Joseph S. Cabot, Salem merchant, horticulturist ;
ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXV 10

68 CATALOGUE.

John Clarke Lee, Salem merchant, banker ; Joseph Peabody, Salem
merchant ; Daniel Dutch, deputy sheriff ; all full length, contributed
by Mr. F. H. Lee. Capt. Samuel Cook, silhouette, oaned by Miss
ale C, Overs

Lithographs. Nathan Reed, inventor, member of Congress ;
Gen. James Miller, ‘‘the hero of Lundy’s Lane’’ and originator of
the famous term “I'll try, Sir ;”’ William Oakes (1799-1848) of Ips-
wich, eminent botanist.

Silhouette. Leverett Saltonstall, first Mayor of Salem. Zoaned
by Mr. F. H. Lee.

Composition bas-relief, head of Alexander Hamilton.

French engraving, head of Timothy Pickering.

In the centre of this case on a tablet are the following coins,
medals and seals :

Medal, Benjamin Franklin, Deplesus, Paris 1787. Loaned by
Mr F, dt. Lee:

Bronze medal, Daniel Webster.

Copper medal, William Pitt.

Copper medal, George Whitefield, the preacher.

Bronze medal, Washington before Boston. Loaned by Mr. John
Robinson.

Bronze medal, American Liberty 1776. Loaned by Mr. John
Robinson.

Small medals: Washington, General American Armies, 1789 ;
Washington, President, 1792 ; Washington, success to the United
States ; Washington, “he is in glory, the world in tears.” Loaned
by Mr. F. H. Lee.

Collection of gold mounted seals, Cabot family of Salem, en-
graved stone seals, etc. Loaned by Mr. F. #1. Lee.

Engraved stone seals: head of Pitt, head of Nelson. Loaned
by Mr. John Robinson.

Case 9. Old-time objects of household use.

Tinder box with flint, steel and tinder.
Tinder box in the form of a ‘‘flint-lock.”’
Door-latch about 1800.

Bolt from a pew door, East Church 1718.
Spoon mould and pewter spoon.

‘

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eg a ee re

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CATALOGUE. 69

Pewter porringer and pewter pepper-pot.

Two pewter platters.

Tongs used in taking coals from wood fires for lighting pipes.

Steelyards used in 1738.

Gold-dust scales used by merchants early in present century.

Pitch-pipe used for “setting the tune” in church choirs and in
singing schools.

Pottery dish with partition through the’ centre pierced with a
hole, made in Danvers, Mass., about 1780, used for “Indian pud-
ding and baked beans.”

Silver plated snuffers and tray, Hodges family, Salem, about 1798.
Loaned by Mr. John Robinson.

Small iron shovel with long handle formerly belonging to and
used by Benjamin Franklin. Used for taking coals from wood fires
for lighting pipes. This was given the present owner by a mem-
ber of a family with whom Franklin lived in Boston. Loaned by
Mr. A. R. Stone.

Spanish coins current in New England during the early part of
the present century for 20, 25, 124 and 6} cents respectively, and
known locally as pistareen, Spanish quarter, nine pence (pro-
nounced “nimepunce’’) and four-pence-half-penny (pronounced
“fo-pun-sapeny”). Loaned by Mr. H. M. Brooks.

Case 10. Old-time objects of adornment and personal
use.

Dutch tobacco box, 1482.

Old tobacco box.

Snuff boxes, seven in number, ornamented with designs in color.
Loaned by Mr. F. H. Lee.

Snuff boxes, the tailor; engraved figures, Charles X. Loaned
by Mr. W. J. Stickney.

Snuff boxes: “wood and copper of the ‘Royal George’ sunk
1789, raised £839 ” and “ united we stand, divided we fall” Rev-
Olutionary period, belonging to Rev. Eliab Stone, of North
Reading. Loaned by Mr. John Robinson.

Svectacles, eye-glasses, paste shoe buckles and two pairs of
knee buckles, early present century.

70 CATALOGUE.

Lady’s pocket-book with figure. Loaned by Mr. F. H. Lee.

Pocket-book, leather, ‘Cape Breton 1745.”

Patch box: to contain the little court plaster squares used by
ladies in the old times.

A paper of pins: Revolutionary period.

Pounce box containing “pounce” used to give a surface where
erasures were made on paper in the quill-pen period.

Buttons, 1692 and 1798. Loaned by Mr. H. M. Brooks.

Washington buttons. Loaned by Mr. F. 1. Lee.

Large tortoise shell combs.

Pair of pattens, the forerunner of rubber shoes.

Pair of old “ Para gum shoes,” the first lined rubber shoes used.

Lady’s shoes about 1800.

SALEM EXHIBITS.

Desiring that this pamphlet should contain a list of all
the exhibits from Salem and their location at the Fair, in
order to render it more valuable for use and reference, the
committee advertised in the daily papers for a description
of such exhibits, responses to which appear below. It is
understood, however, that a number of Salem manufact-
urers whose names do not appear here, are represented at
the Exposition, and also tbat the parochial schools have
fine exhibits. Their location can without doubt be easily
found in the official catalogue.

. SALEM PUBLIC LIBRARY.

Location: —U. S. Government building, Bureau of
Education.

_ £xhibit : — Building and methods of a public library in a city of
30,000 inhabitants, located in a building altered from a dwelling
house.

Specifications :—Six oak frames, about 24 x 30 in., containing
three water-color sketches of building, one exterior, two interior,
also plans of present building with proposed enlargement.

Six volumes bound in full crushed levant, being an album of
photographs of building and furniture, scrap-book of blanks and
cards, and the regular publications of the library ; also samples
of regular styles of binding, etc.

(71)

72 CATALOGUE.

THOUGHT AND WORK CLUB, SALEM, MRS. KATE TANNATT
WOODS, PRESIDENT.

Location: Woman’s Building. Department of Fed-
erated Clubs of America.

New book of Proverbs, selected and original by members of
Salem Thought and Work Club.

JAMES F. ALMY.

Window ventilator for ensuring current of pure air without
draughts. To be seen in operation at Office of Prof. F. W.
Putnam, Department of Ethnology.

SALEM PRESS PUBLISHING AND PRINTING COMPANY.
Location: Gallery Liberal Arts Building. ;

Examples of binding and press work, genealogical tables,
genealogical and other publications. See Essex Institute and Salem
Public Schools Exhibits for specimens of binding.

EXHIBITS OF SALEM PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

Location: Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building,
Gallery, Massachusetts Schools Section.

1. An exhibit of work done by the boys in the Curwen Indus-
trial School, during the last school year.

2. Twenty-one bound volumes of scholars’ work taken from
their annual examination papers of June 1892 and comprising
work in all the grades of the several grammar schools, and all
classes in the High school.

3- Ten bound volumes containing written papers from all the
grades of all the grammar schools, showing one ¢lustrative lesson
designed to exhibit methods. of teaching in geography, language
and arithmetic.

:

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CATALOGUE. 73

4. The Salem Historical Album. This album is wholly the
work of the pupils in the High school. It contains photographs
of historic buildings, sites, streets, historical tablets, and other
matters of interest, illustrating the history of Salem. All of these
photographs were taken by pupils in the High school, and finished
completely by them. ‘The pictures are accompanied by descrip-
tive text, which altogether give a graphic history of Salem from
1626 to the present time. These descriptions were written en-
tirely by the pupils and by them have been copied upon the type-
writer, the whole being bound (in leather. made in Salem) in
one large quarto volume by the Salem Press Publishing and
Printing Company.

5- A set of twenty photographs, representing the school-houses
of this city. These photographs exhibit not only the exteriors
of the school buildings, but interior views, showing various rooms
during the school session, with the pupils at their regular class
work.

6. A set of large photographs exhibiting the art embellishments
of school rooms at the Phillips school. ‘These pictures have been
taken under the direction of Mr. Ross Turner, and show clearly
the character of this new art movement, and the real appearance
of the rooms as thus decorated.

7. Catalogue High school library.

KEPPEL COLLECTION OF ENGRAVINGS AND ETCHINGS.
Location : Woman’s Building.

Etchings by Miss H. Frances Osborne.

Chestnut street, Salem, Mass.
Solitude.
View from Derby wharf, Salem.

EBEN PUTNAM, PUBLISHER AND PRINTER, SALEM.

Location: Department Liberal Arts; with Essex Insti-
tute and Salem Press Publishing and Printing Company
exhibit.

74 CATALOGUE.

Putnam’s Monthly Historical Magazine.

Visitor’s Guide to Salem.

History of the Putnam Family in England and America.
Ancestral Charts. Genealogical and Historical works.

PARKER BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, SALEM.

Location: Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building,
Northeast portion of Gailey, Group 110, Class 693, Dept.
519.

Games for children and adults.

BULLETIN

OF THE

aoa x LIS Tray UU Te.

Vou. 25. Sarem: Jury, AueG., Sepr., 1893. Nos. 7, 8,°9.

AnnuaL Meertine, May 15, 1893.

THE annual meeting was held in Plummer Hall, this
evening, at 7.30 o’clock, Vice-President A. C. Goodell, jr.,
in the chair. The record of the last annual meeting was
read by the Secretary.

The reports of the Secretary, Treasurer, Auditor and
Librarian were read, accepted and ordered to be placed
on file. ~

The report of the committee on nominations was pre-
sented by Mr. C. &. Osgood, and it was

Voted, to proceed to the election of officers for the en-
suing year. Messrs. Edes, Welch and Theodore Brown
were appointed by the chair to distribute,-collect, assort

ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXV 11 (75)

76 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

and count votes. This committee reported the following
list of names as receiving all the ballots, and these officers
were declared unanimously elected :

PRESIDENT:
EDMUND B. WILLSON.!

VICE-PRESIDENTS:

ABNER C. GOODELL, JR., DANIEL B. HaGar,
FREDERIC W. PUTNAM, ROBERT S. RANTOUL.
SECRETARY: TREASURER:
HENRY M. BROOKS. WILLIAM O. CHAPMAN.
AUDITOR: LIBRARIAN:
GEORGE D. PHIPPEN. CHARLES S. Oscoop.
COUNCIL. ;
WILLIAM H. GOVE, Epwarp S. Morss,
Tuomas F. Hunt, DAVID PINGREE,
Davip M. LITTLE, EDMUND B. WILLSON,
Francis H. LEE, GEORGE M. WHIPPLE,
RICHARD C. MANNING, ALDEN P. WHITE.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.

Since the last annual meeting there have been twenty-
one meetings of the society and three meetings of the di-
rectors, besides fourteen meetings of committees.

Only one field meeting was held the past year; this
was at North Beverly near Wenham Lake, on September
21. A number of persons who took the forenoon train
were entertained at the house of Mr. W. S. Nevins.

1Mr.S. Endicott Peabody was first elected but declining to serve, Rey. E. B.
Willson was chosen at a regular meeting, June 19, 1893,

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. 77

Most of the party went on the 1.25 train from Salem.
The meeting in the afternoon was in the vestry of the
Congregational church. It was considered successful, al-
though the attendance was not large.

Mr. Rantoul gave an interesting account of the Beverly
cotton factory established by George Cabot and others.
He showed conclusively that this was the first American
cotton factory. It was located near the place of meeting.
It has been claimed that the Pawtucket factory was the
first of this kind, and that was started by Slater in 1790,
but the Beverly factory was in operation two or three
years earlier. General Washington visited it when he
was here in 1789; and advertisements of the goods of the
company appear in the Salem Grazette of 1788.

Prof. E. S. Morse and Mr. John H. Sears also spoke
at this meeting, the former accompanying his remarks
with graphic chalk illustrations.

During the past winter, papers have been read before
the society in Plummer Hall by the following :

Prof. F. W. Putnam, of Cambridge, on the “Scientific
side of the Columbian Exposition.”

Prof. H. Charlton Black, of Harvard College, Cam-
bridge, on “ Heinrich Heine—Poet, Humorist and Re-
former.”

W. A. Mowry, Ph.D., on “The Inauguration of the New
Government, or Washington as a Statesman.”

Sidney Perley, Hsq., on “The Geological Evolution of
Essex County.”

Alfred Stone, E'sq., of Providence, R. I., on “The Great
White City.” This lecture was given in Academy Hall
and was illustrated by lantern views.

Mr. Arthur L. Averill, on “How the Independence of
the United States was obtained.”

W. WS. Nevins, Hsg., on “The Career of Gen. H. W.
Halleck.”

78 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

Rev. G. T. Flanders, D.D., of Rockport, on “A Study
of Martin Luther.”

Reports of all these lectures have appeared in the daily
papers.

Informal papers and talks have been given at our reg-
ular meetings at the rooms, by Professor Morse, Mr. Gard-
ner M. Jones, Mr. Robinson, Mr. Phippen, Mr. Nevins,
Mr. Sears and Mr. Hines.

There have been the past year 1173 donations to the
cabinets from 127 different donors. These donations
have been acknowledged through the mail and in the Salem
Gazette.

The old meeting-house of the First Church continues to
attract visitors. More than 8000 have visited it during
the year.

Twenty persons have joined the society this year and
nine members have died, as follows:

Samuel P. Andrews, Miss Mary Eliza Gould,
E. Frank Balch, J. T. Moulton of Lynn,
Gardner Barton, Nathaniel Ropes,

James Emerton, Mrs. James O. Safford,

Dr. Henry Wheatland.

Two of our honorary members have also died, viz. :
Rev. Dr. Andrew P. Peabody and John G. Whittier.

It seems hardly necessary for me to remind members
of the society of the great loss we have sustained in the
death of our venerable and honored president Dr. Wheat-
land. Ashe had been incapacitated by sickness from
taking an active interest in our affairs for more than two
years, his absence from our rooms is not now as much felt as
it was when he was first taken from his work; but in cer-
tain ways we shall feel his loss more and more as years go
by. This is not the place, nor am I the person, to pro-
nounce any eulogy on the character of our late president.

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR 79

You all know his devotion to the interests of this society,
always the first and last in his thoughts.

Having known him intimately for nearly half a century,
I have felt that I could do no less than say these few in-
adequate words. In this connection I will add that a me-
morial meeting in honor of Dr. Wheatland was held in
Academy Hall, on Monday evening, April 17, at which
appropriate addresses were made by Vice-Presidents
Goodell and Rantoul, Prof. Edward S. Morse, George D.
Phippen, Esq., and Rev. Dr. E. C. Bolles of New York.
A large number of letters were received from distinguished
persons atthat time, — all of these with the several ad-
dresses will be printed in a memorial volume.

On the Sunday succeeding the death of Dr. Wheatland,
the Rev. E. B. Willson preached asermon in the North
church on the character of our late president. This ser-
mon has been printed by the society, and any member who
has not already received a copy can have it upon applica-
tion to the secretary.

Our membership is not increasing as fast as we could
wish. We now number about 325 active members, but
in a place of the size and reputation of our city we ought to
have 1000 members, and these could probably be obtained
if each member would do all he could to increase the num-
ber. Several have already aided materially in this way
and we wish others could be persuaded to give their in-
fluence to this work.

The collections of the historical department continue to
increase arid it is a pity we have not the room to make a
proper display of all our acquisitions. So much has been
said on this point in the last two reports that it seems
hardly necessary now to do more than refer to it again
with the hope that our expectations may in the near fu-
ture be realized, through donations or bequests enabling
us to make the necessary additions to our buildings.

80 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

To-day we have received notice of a legacy from Jo-
seph Henry Stickney of Baltimore, Md., of $1,000. Mr.
Stickney had often visited our rooms during his summer
visits in this vicinity and was much interested in histori-
cal matters.

Something has been accomplished the last year in the
arrangements of the manuscripts. Although our collection
is a large one, like Oliver Twist, we are always asking
for more, and we trust no member will be foolish enough
to allow ancient MSS. of any kind, even old bills, account
books, letters, etc., to be cast into the fire or otherwise
destroyed if he can possibly prevent it. All this may
sound very funny to some people and perhaps silly to
others; but it is really a very serious matter sometimes
to have old papers destroyed without an examination by
judicious persons.

There is many a poor person to-day, who would per-
haps be well off if some of the family papers relating
to French claims had been preserved.

The committee on the Columbian Exposition at Chi-
cago have done an efficient work during the year toward
making a creditable exhibit in behalf of the Institute ; but,
as its labors have not yet ceased, the committee is not
ready to make a report of its doings at present.

Respectfully submitted,
Henry M. Brooks,

Secretary.

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. 81

REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN.
The additions to the library for the year (May, 1892

to May, 1893), have been as follows:

Folios, ° -
Quartos, . :
Octavos, . °
Twelvemos, ;
Sixteenmos, °
Twenty-fourmos,

Total of bound volumes,

Pamphlets and serials,

Total of donations, .

Folios, e

Quartos, . °
Octavos, . .
Twelvemos, .
Sixteenmos, .
Twenty-fourmos,

Total of bound volumes,

Pamphlets and serials,

Total of exchanges,

Quartos, . .
Octavos, . °
Twelvemos,

Total of bound volumes,

Pamphlets and serials,

Total of purchases,

Total of donations,
Total of exchanges,
Total of purchases,

Total of additions,

By Donation.

By Exchange.

Of the total number of pamphlets

were pamphlets and 8,348 were serials.

79
195
1,470
651
238

: : . 292

; y » 2,925
3 + + RB O1I

° . » 16,136

° . . Cs
: . ° 21
. . . 230
. . : 33
. . ° 28
. . . 28

° . - 1,909
° . « 2,256
° . e 1
° e e 41
e e e 45

° ° 689
° e e 16 ? 136
j . . 2,256
° ° ° 689

. ° - 19,081

and serials, 7,416

82 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

The donations to the library for the year have been re-
ceived from two hundred and nine individuals and one
hundred and eleven societies and governmental depart-
ments. The exchanges, from twelve individuals and two
hundred and nine societies and incorporated institutions,
of which one hundred and one are foreign ; also from edi-
tors and publishers. Several hundred volumes have been
received from the library of our late president, Dr. Wheat-
Jand, and the foreign exchanges of the Peabody Academy
of Science, many of them extremely rare and valuable,
have been added to our library. An appeal has been made
during the year to the different towns of Essex County to
complete our sets of town reports and the responses have
been very satisfactory.

These statistics show the continued growth of the li-
brary which now numbers about 60,000 bound volumes
and about 175,000 unbound volumes including pamphlets.

But while the library grows steadily, our facilities for
taking care of the books have not increased. It is becom-
ing, indeed it already is, a serious question, What shall we
do to provide additional room for the storage of our
books?

We have kept in mind the plan suggested in a previous
report with regard to marking out special lines of work
for the Public Library and the Essex Institute.

Our full collections of public documents, which would
prove very valuable if properly arranged and indexed, we
would like to deposit with the Public Library and con-
fine the work of the Institute largely to local history,
genealogy and kindred subjects.

But the Public Library is rapidly outgrowing its present
quarters ; and, until more accommodations are provided,
which must be in the near future, has no room which it
can use for the reception of the documents.

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. 83

Even with this relief the library of the Institute would
still want more room.

The only sufficient remedy would seem to be the build-
ing of a fire-proof addition, or stack room, in the rear of
our present building, and this should be done as soon as
the necessary funds can be obtained.

Another pressing need is some sort of a catalogue or find-
ing-list of the library. A card catalogue of the volumes
in the different rooms would be a great help to those
using the library and a good foundation for a complete cat-
alogue.

To do all this we are sadly in need of funds.

The first great need of the Institute is money, and the
second is more money. Without this little can be done.
With it the power of the Institute for good can be extend-
ed almost indefinitely. It is with no selfish motives that
we appeal for aid. The more assistance we have the better
the Institute can serve the community for whose benefit it
was established and is maintained.

The use of the library, notwithstanding these drawbacks,
has been very satisfactory and students in special branches
of research find a large fund of material at their disposal.

With our society, as with all others, time brings about
the inevitable changes, and death has stricken from our
roll of membership the name of our honored and lamented
president, Dr. Wheatland.

It remains for us to carry forward the good work for
which he laid so secure a foundation, and the most fitting
tribute we can pay to his memory, and the one he would
most desire, is to strive to enlarge the usefulness of the
Institute to which he gave so many years of unselfish de-

votion.
Cuas. 8. Oscoon,

Librarian.
ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXV 12

84 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

TREASURER’S REPORT.

While it may be said that the duties of the Treasurer
of any institution are to take care of what funds that in-
stitution has, it may not be out of place for me to call the
attention of the members and through them, the attention
of the general public, to the urgent need of the Essex In-
stitute, for a larger yearly revenue, to be devoted to the
general work of the institution, which as we all know is
founded on a remarkably broad basis, and will in future
years prove of priceless value to those who follow us.

I have made a few comparisons of the figures at hand,
and find that the expenditures exceed the income by a
yearly average of about $1000, and it may be the best thing
for the Institute in the long run, that they do. For, if we
were running along smoothly and paying our way each
year, the feeling might be that we were not in need of
any more funds. But, on the other hand, if it is generally
known and commented upon, that we are doing a little more
each year, depending on the generosity of our kind friends
to help us out, it seems to me that our confidence will not
be misplaced, and that the necessary funds will be forth-
coming.

Receipts and expenditures of the past year (condensed
from the account presented).

RECEIPTS.

Balance from last year’s account, F : . wi Re $ 515 90
Assessments of members, ‘ “ 4 ~ 2 ‘ 5 « $$ 886 00
Sales of publications, 5 Pp A : _ ; : ; : 542 54
Income of invested funds, ° . ° ° ‘ ; ‘ P 3,813 96
Income from other sources, . + + e« -« ’ - » 41,122060

—— $6,322 00
Interest from Five Cents Savings Bank tobe funded, . . 62 24

$6,900 14

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. 85

EXPENDITURES.
Salaries of secretary, assistant librarians and janitor, . . $2,177 00
Cost of books, periodicals and binding, ud Vides Walt dry 4 392 26
‘6 « publications and printing, e ° . ° ° ° 1,204 03
= fae, . . . ° . ° . . ° ° ° 202 50
« «~~ gas and water, ° e - ‘ ° . ° ° 48 88
~ 6repairs, ° ‘ “wt ° ° ° . ° ° 457 77
* insurance, . ° . ° ° ° ° ° ° ° 429 75
ss «¢ interest on note, ° ° ° ‘ ‘ . e ° 150 00
«6 labor, etc., on the grounds and buildings, . . 182 80
‘« « Athenzum expenses (our proportion), erp ve . 258 18
ss ¢¢ express, postage and miscellaneous, . e ° ° 296 36
Annuities, ° ° ar ee . AIRE a) Pie bP 660 00
—— $6,459 53
Interest added to manuscript fund, A A ar ai aka pan cae a 54 98
a ‘© 6 North Bridge monumentfund, . . . 7 26
_—— 62 24
Balance of cash on hand, 378 37
$6,900 14
May 15, 1893. Respectfully submitted,

WILLIAM O. CHAPMAN, Treasurer.
Examined and approved,
(Signed) GEORGE D. PHIPPEN, Auditor.

INVESTMENT OF FUNDS.

For income, . . ° ° ° ° ° ° ° $71,717 75
“ Essex Institute building, ° . ° ° ° e 28,370 69
** Ship Rock andland, . e ° ° ° : ° 100 00

Total investments, $100,188 44

Salem, May 15, 1893.
Examined the above account with the securities and found them correct.
(Signed) GEO. D. PHIPPEN, Auditor,

LECTURES.

Friday, Jan. 6, 1898.—Prof. E. Charlton Black, of Har-
vard University, lectured on “Heinrich Heine, —Poet,
Humorist, Reformer.” In introduction, Mr. Black spoke
in a general way of Heine, his work as bearing upon the
world, his character, his keen wit and perception and the
chief facts of his strange, sad, significant life. He then
gave a brief sketch of his life, and of his parents, how

86 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

his mother was well educated, and from her he inherited
all his finer qualities, while from his father was due the less
desirable side of his character. He touched upon his
school life at a convent, telling several anecdotes of his
difficulty with irregular verbs and other boyish perplexities.

His early life was much influenced by the power of Na-
poleon, then at its height. His whole life was greatly
dominated by the French point of view, and in this con-
nection he touched upon his song “The Two Grenadiers,”
so beautifully set to music by Schumann. At this point
he dwelt at length on the inadequacy of translators to do
him justice, and the general bad piece of work they made
of it, but added that after all even a poor translation is bet-
ter than none.

On leaving school at sixteen he went into a banker’s
office, but through the kindness of a wealthy uncle was
sent to college to become a lawyer. He attended the
universities of Bonn, Gottingen and Berlin, doing but little
real study, although in 1825 he took his degree and at the
same time was baptized a Christianas a necessary means for
his practising his profession; this act subjected him to
severe criticism by both Jew and Christian, his friends and
his enemies, and placed him in a most unfortunate situation.
During his residence in Berlin he occupied a strong posi-
tion socially both among the Jews and the others as a liter-
ary genius. One of the phases of his life was his engagement
to a cousin who, during his university career, married
another man and in so doing deeply affected his sensitive
nature.

His keen wit was shown in several illustrations, one
of the best being his description of his old college town
of Gottingen, which was a satire of phariseeism and lit-
tleness, and another his handling of a certain college pro-
fessor who railed at Napoleon.

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. 87

He visited England and was disgusted, ridiculing ev-
erything he saw. His Paris life was brilliant and famous
until 1848, when he had a sort of paralytic stroke that left
him half lame and blind. His last days were sad, pa-
thetic and most unhappy. His description of what his old
age would be, as pictured to his German eyes, is most
touching, being very tender in its allusions. He died
February 16, 1856, and was buried at Montmartre, his
resting-place being marked with the simple inscription —
Heinrich Heine.

Monday, Jan. 16, 1893.—A series of informal meet-
ings for members only was begun in the library rooms.
Mr. Gardner M. Jones opened the literary exercises by
some interesting remarks on the library of the Institute,
historical and statistical, and also in relation to its needs
in order to increase its usefulness. He closed by calling
attention to a number of books taken from the shelves,
illustrating the work of celebrated book-makers and print-
ers and covering the whole period of printing from 1486
to the present time. Mr. C. S. Osgood followed endors-
ing what Mr. Jones said as to the needs of the library and
stating that had the Institute the necessary funds, the li-
brary committee would do practically what had been sug-
gested. Prof. E. 5S. Morse spoke of the collecting of
books and kindred matters and referred to persons well
known in science, suggested by some of the books. After
informal remarks by several other members the meeting
adjourned.

Monday, Jan. 23, 1893.—William A. Mowry, Ph.D.,
of Salem, lectured on “The Inauguration of the New Gov-
ernment, or Washington as a Statesman.” Dr. Mowry
first spoke of the period of the formation of the first Con-

88 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

tinental Congress representing the thirteen original colo-
nies, at the beginning of the Revolution, and the difficulties
it labored under. He said it was a marvel that the war
was successfully carried out under such conditions as
then existed, with our little colonies poorly equipped,
with a scarcity of supplies and with but little experience
and want of training against the fearful odds of the large
armies and supplies of England. Our victory was not
due to superior fighting, but more than anything else to
the sagacity and wonderful ability of General Washing-
ton. Then came the necessity for a new order of things ;
the articles of confederation of 1777 had no power to tax
the states or do anything of a positive nature; business
was ruined and amendments were proposed repeatedly
which could not be passed, owing to the antagonizing
state of feeling and jealousy between the states. It was
the most critical period in our history. In 1787 a gen-
eral convention was held in Philadelphia, a new constitu-
tion drawn up, discussed, amended and signed, and after
a long and excited discussion in the several states, was
adopted in the course of the next year. Rhode Island,
however, did not adopt it until the beginning of 1790.
Party spirit ran as high at this time as it ever has since.

The lecturer made some reference to the position of
Patrick Henry on the new constitution and to the mis-
statements about the life of that patriot. In conclusion
he spoke at some length of the national power and growth
of our country with its possibilities and undeveloped
powers and of the exigencies that have never yet been
met by any nation, but will of necessity arise.

Monday, Feb. 6, 1893.—Mr. John Robinson gave an
informal talk on the old houses of New England. It was
an interesting sketch of the houses of our forefathers from

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. 89

the time of the settlers in 1628-30, when the old lean-to
was universal, up to 1700 when the hip roof was prevalent.
This style lasted until about 1750 at which time and up
to 1780 came the elegant structure of which Judge Endi-
cott’s and the Peabody house in Danvers are good illus-
trations as was also the Pickman house on Essex street.
After this came what is wrongfully called the colonial,
the fine square house with its graceful doorway, windows
and much interior decoration, of which there are many
fine types in Salem. In illustration he cited houses in
Salem, Boston, Newburyport and Portsmouth. The dif-
ferent periods of architecture referred to were not drawn
in arbitrary lines, but overlapped each other.

Monday, Feb. 13, 1893.—Sidney Perley, Esq., of Sa-
lem, lectured on “The Geological Evolution of Essex
County.” Mr. Perley traced the gradual development of
this county into a habitable place through the earliest geo-
logical periods, giving scientific causes for and the origin
of the different sorts of rocks which are found in the
county. He stated that New England was _ probably
the oldest part of this continent, as well as of the earth.
Illustrating the various stages of development, he quoted
the pockets of lead at Newbury and the earthquake at the
same place in 1727.

Plum Island, he said, was a perfect example of the for-
mation of islands by sand bars. The rocking stones of
Gloucester he accounted for by the erosion of frost and
water. Speaking of the bog iron deposits, he stated that
iron was first worked from these bogs in Lynn in 1642-3,
in Boxford, 1668, and Amesbury in 1728.

The surface formation of Essex county, as it now ex-
ists, was largely caused by the action of the glaciers, they
having brought and deposited here large quantities of sand,

90 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

gravel and rocks and having moved the surface soil from
place to place. In this connection the lecturer mentioned
the gravel ridges extending from Andover to Beverly as .
being caused by the settlement of the moraines of the gla-
cier, also many hills in Boxford and other places and
other deposits of boulders, etc. The course of the Merri-
mac river was also claimed to have been changed from its
original direction by the deposit of similar moraines or
ridges of gravel and sand beginning at Lawrence.

Mr. Perley suggested that the members of the Essex
Institute interest themselves to a greater extent in the
study of geology, and that they cause to have made a sur-
face survey of this section of the country.

Monday, Feb. 27, 1893.—Mr. Alfred Stone, of Prov-
idence, lectured in Academy Hall on “The Great White
City; or an Architect’s View of the World’s Exposition
Grounds and Buildings.” His remarks were illustrated
by a series of stereopticon views taken from the buildings
now completed and also under process of construction.
Mr. Stone first showed a plan of Jackson Park as it was, a
desolate swamp, and then a map of the grounds and loca-
tions as they have been arranged for the exposition.

He then proceeded to describe and show by his views
the principal buildings. The Administration building he
termed one of the finest examples of architectural art. The
Manufacturers and Liberal Arts building he described
fully ; said that Bunker Hill monument set down in the
main aisle, would not reach to the top of this building; at
the time of the dedication exercises, 90,000 were seated
in this building. The other buildings were shown and
described. He spoke enthusiastically of the proposed ex-
hibit by the Institute at the fair, to be in the Massachu-
setts building, revretting that he was unable to show a
picture of that building.

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. St

Monday, March 6, 1893.—Mr. W. 8S. Nevins gave an
informal talk illustrated by photographs and books, on “Fa-
mous Madonnas.” He said “The first mention of worship
of the Virgin Mary occurs in the work of Epiphanus who
died in 403, who mentions a sect of women with whom it
was customary to offer cakes of meal and honey to the Vir-
gin Mary. It was about the year 431 that the first repre-
sentation of the Virgin and child appeared in the Egyptian
type of Iris. About this time the Empress Eudoxia sent
home from the Holy Land a picture of the Virgin holding
the child, alleging it to be an authentic portrait.”

The lecturer referred to a Madonna in Constantinople,
said to have been carried to St. Mark’s, Venice; to the
Madonnas of the coronation type, the mercy type and of
the Mater Dolorosa, and made mention of the famous
masters, Raphael, Murillo, Van Dyke, Guido, Rubens,
Angelo and De Vinci. Reference was made to the mod-
els from whom the most famous Madonnas were made and
a comparison was made between the artists and their
works.

Monday, March 13, 1893.—Mr. Arthur L. Averill, of
this city, lectured on “How the Independence of the United
States was obtained.” In introduction, he outlined the
condition of affairs of this country prior to the great revo-
lutionary struggle. The American army, with its free en-
listment and patriotic feeling, was more than an equal for
an even larger force of hired and perfunctory soldiers.
He cited several instances of the losses of the British
through faults of their own commanders in indulging in
proffered hospitality or in gambling. Those who have al-
ways been brought up in luxury do not make as good offi-
cers as those who enter the army from principle or with a
set purpose. This he illustrated with the life of Napoleon.

ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXV. 13

92 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

He then began an outline of the war from the very start,
describing every important event, with side issues of the
many naval engagements and the horrors and injustices of
the “press gang.” He dwelt on the privations and suffer-
ing of the cold winters, which our army bravely endured.

He then referred to the able administrations of the early
presidents and the growth of the country under their care-
ful guidance, and then spoke of the famous naval engage-
ments of the war of 1812, in our second struggle for
independence with Great Britain and the splendid victories —
that were fought at very uneven odds, showing the su-
periority of the American seamen.

Monday, March 20, 1893.—Mr. Ezra D. Hines, of
Danvers, gave an exceedingly interesting account of the
correspondence that he had with persons in Virginia and
North Carolina, which finally resulted in his procuring
through the kindly assistance of Mr. T. F. Hunt and Mr.
Frank Cousins, fine photographs from the original por-
traits of Mr. and Mrs. William Browne of Browne Hall
fame, he having built that mansion on “Folly Hill” in
Danvers. The portraits were formerly at Rosewell, the
old Page homestead in Gloucester county, Virginia.

Mr. John H. Sears of the Peabody Academy of Science,
read a paper on the geological formation of the neighbor-
hood of Cape Ann. Interesting remarks were made by
Mr. John Robinson and Professor Morse, complimentary
to Mr. Sears, as showing the valuable work done in Essex
County by him.

Monday, March 27, 1893.—Winfield S. Nevins, Esq.,
of this city, lectured on “General H. W. Halleck.” Mr.
Nevins said that it was quite remarkable that one man who
had had so little military experience as General Halleck,

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. 93

should have been called to the position of General-in-
Chief and continued in that office for nearly two years.
General Halleck was born in Waterville, N. Y., Jan. 15,
1815, and died in Louisville, Ky., Jan. 9, 1872, at the age
of fifty-seven. He was graduated from West Point in 1839
and served in various minor capacities in the army until
1854, when he retired and practised law in California.
Upon the breaking out of the civil war he was made Major-
General in the regular army and assigned to command in
the west. The speaker proceeded to give some account
of a few of the movements in the war, including victories
by various generals as those of Grant, Pope and Buel and
thought that Halleck was more to blame for slowness in
movements of the Army of the Potomac than McClellan ; he
also made him responsible for the defeats of Burnside at
Fredericksburg and Banks at Red River. He said he made
these statements on the authority of government official
records.

Monday, Apr. 3, 1895.—Mr. George D. Phippen spoke
of the spring flowers and made some interesting and in-
structive remarks on cultivated fruits and of the impor-
tance of turning scientific investigations to practical account.

Monday, Apr. 17, 1893.—A memorial meeting in
honor of Dr. Henry Wheatland, the late president, was
held in Academy Hall. Vice-President Abner C. Good-
ell, Jr., presided and addresses were made by His Honor,
Mayor Robert S. Rantoul, Mr. George D. Phippen, Prof.
Edward S. Morse and Rev. E. C. Bolles, D.D., of New
York. Mr. Goodell introduced each speaker with appro-
priate remarks.

A full account of this meeting is to be printed in a sep-
arate pamphlet.

94 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

Monday, Apr. 24, 1893.—Rev. G. T. Flanders, D.D.,
of Rockport, lectured on “A Study of Martin Luther.”
The speaker summed up the subject as follows :—Luther
was social, affectionate and fond of relaxation and fun.
Carlyle says,—“one of the most lovable of men, great as
an Alpine mountain, so simple, honest and spontaneous ;
not setting up to be great at all, but here for quite another
purpose than being great.” The lecturer said “Luther’s
system of theology is dying out, but his sturdy blows for
a free Bible and free thought will long ring adown the
ages, and the verdict of the remotest posterity will be that
taken, for all in all he was the grandest man Germany has
produced.” Mr. Flanders gave a comprehensive review of
the famous man’s life, and an analysis of his character.

NEcROLOGY OF MEMBERS.

SamuEL P. AnpREws, son of John H. and Nancy
(Page) Andrews, was born in Salem, Dec. 8, 1813;
elected a member of the Essex County Natural History
Society, Mar. 12, 1844, and of the Essex Institute, Aug.
10, 1853, and died in Salem, Dec. 31, 1892.

E. Frank Batcu, son of Benjamin and *Caroline
(Moore) Balch, was born in Salem, Nov. 27, 1842; elect-
ed a member of the Essex Institute, Nov. 18, 1878, and
died in Wenham, Aug. 29, 1892.

GARDNER Barton, son of John and Mary (Webb) Bar-
ton, was born in Salem, July 23, 1815; elected a member
of the Essex Institute, Mar. 8, 1854, and died in Salem,
July 15, 1892.

JAMES EmMERTON, son of James and Hannah ( Mansfield)
Emerton, was born in Salem, Oct. 14, 1817; elected a

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. 95

member of the Essex Institute, Mar. 8, 1854, and died in
Boston, May 31, 1892.

Mary Exiza Goutp, daughter of Robert W. and Sarah
(Osgood) Gould, was born in Salem, Oct. 3, 1819 ; elected
a member of the Essex Institute, Nov. 18, 1875, and
died in Salem, Aug. 22, 1892.

Joun T. Mouton, son of Joseph and Relief (Todd)
Moulton, was born in Lynn, Aug. 7, 1838; elected a
member of the Essex Institute, Nov. 18, 1872, and died
in Lynn, Oct. 17, 1892.

NATHANIEL Ropes, son of Nathaniel and Sarah E.
(Brown) Ropes, was born in Cincinnati, O., Jan. 7, 18338 ;
elected a member of the Essex Institute, Feb. 9, 1870,
and died in Salem, Feb. 6, 1893.

Mrs. Nancy M. Sarrorp, widow of James O. Safford,
and daughter of James and Lydia (Eustis) Potter, was
born in Salem, Jan. 23, 1831; elected a member of the
Essex Institute, Jan. 3, 1876, and died in Salem, Mar. 5,
1893.

Dr. HENRY WHEATLAND, son of Richardand Martha
(Goodhue) Wheatland, was born in Salem, Jan. 11, 1812;
elected a member of the Essex Historical Society, Sept.
6, 1841, and of the Essex County Natural History Society
in 1834, and died in Salem, Feb. 27, 1893.

Donations or exchanges have been received from the
following sources :

Adains, Charles F., Boston, - - - - - - 1
Adelaide, Royal Society of South Australia, - - - 4
Albany, New York State Library, - - - - - 4 5

96 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

Allen, George H.., - - - - - - - -
Almy, James F., - - - - - Newspapers,
Alnwick, Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club, - - -
Altenburg, Naturforschende Gesellschaft des Osterlandes,
American Association for the Advancement of Science, -
American Historical Association, . - - - -
Ames, George L., - - - - - - - -
Ames, John G., Superintendent of Documents, Washing-

600, 2.0.5. |= - - - - - - - -
Amherst College, Danica . wip ae - -
Amherst, Massachusetts Agricultural College, - - -
Amherst, Massachusetts State Agricultural Experiment

Station, - - - - - - - - -
Amiens, Société Linnéenne du Nord de la France, - -
Andover Theological Seminary, - - - - .
Andrews, Caroline, - - - - - - - -
Andrews, Mrs. E. A., Lynn, - - - - - .
Andrews, William, and MOREE: Hull, Eng.,
Archer, Rebecca, - . - - - - -
Arnold, James W., Providence, R. I., - - - -
Atkins, Francis H., E. Las Vegas, N. M., - - -
Ayer, James B., Boston, - - . . - - -
Balch, Galusha B., Yonkers, N. Y., - - . - .
Baltimore, Md., Johns Hopkins University, - - -
Baltimore, Maryland Academy of Sciences, - - -
Baltimore, Maryland Historical Society, - - - -
Baltimore, Md., Peabody Institute, - - By -
Barnes, Benjamin S., E. Boxford, - . - - -
Barnes, Francis, Houlton, Me., - - - - - -
Batavia, K. N. Vereeniging in Nederlandsch-Indie, - -
Batchelder, Charles E., Portsmouth, N. H., - - -
Bates, George A., - - - - = Tihs - -
Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club, - - - - -
Bemis, Caroline E., - - - - - Newspapers.
Berkeley, University of California, - - - - -
Berlin, Verein ziir BefO6rderung des Gartenbaues_ - -
Bern, Naturforschende Gesellschaft, - - - -
Blodgette, George B., Rowley, - - - - - -
Bodge, Rev. George M., Leominster, . - : -
Bologna, R. Accademia delle Scienze, - - - -
Bonn, Naturhistorischer Verein der preussischen Rhein-

lande und Westphalens, . - - - - -
Bordeaux, Académie Nationale des Sciences, Belles-Let-

tres et Arts, - . - > - ~ - -

wo

58

opm

_

——— a i

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

Boston, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, - -
Boston, American Congregational Association, - -
Boston Art Club, - - - ‘ s “ 7 :
Boston Board of Health, - - - - - - ~
Boston, Bunker Hill Monument Association, - - -
Boston, Church Home for Orphan and Destitute Children,
Boston, City of, - - - = As B = : ‘
Boston City Auditor, - - : - - - - .
Boston City Hospital, - - - - - 2 2
Boston, Harvard Graduates Magazines’ Association, -
Boston, Home Market Club, ae eB Ss Circulars,
Boston, Industrial Aid Society for the Prevention of Pau-

perism, . - - - - “ : p a
Boston, Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics’ Associa-

tion, - - - - - - - - Z .
Boston, Massachusetts Commissioners of Public Records,
Boston, Massachusetts General Hospital, - - - -
Boston, Massachusetts Historical Society, - - -
Boston, Massachusetts Horticultural Society, - - -
Boston, Massachusetts Humane Society, - - - -
Boston, Massachusetts Medical Society, - - - -
Boston, Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture

- - - - - - - - - Circular,
Boston, Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture, -
Boston, Massachusetts State Board of Health, - -
Boston, Massachusetts Woman’s Relief Association, -
Boston Museum of Fine Arts, - - - - = 4
Boston, National Association of Wool Manufacturers, -
Boston Natural History Society, : - - - -
Boston, New England Historic Genealogical Society, -
Boston Public Library, - - - - .
Boston School Committee, - - - - - - -
Bostonian Society, - - - - - - - 3
Bremen, Naturwissenchaftlicher Verein, - - - -
Brigham, Albert P., Hamilton, N. S., - - - “
Brinton, D. G., Media, Pa., - - - - - -
Bristol Naturalists’ Society, = - - : . és
Brooklyn (N. Y.) Library, - - - . = “ .
Brooks, Henry M.,_ - - - - fi > a ‘
Brooks, Mrs. Henry M.,_ - - - - Newspapers,
Brookville, Indiana Academy of Science, - . -
Browne, Edward C., - - - - - - - -
Briinn, Naturforschender Verein, - - - - -
Brunswick, Me., Bowdoin College, - - - - -

’

qe -_

bo

10

os

—_ 1

poe Whe Ee Ee

we

— ot

98 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

Bruxelles, Société Belge de Microscopie, - . - -
Bruxelles, Société Entomologique de Belgique, - -
Bruxelles, Société Royale Malacologique de Belgique, -
Buenos Aires, Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, - : .
Buffalo (N. Y.) Historical Society, - - - -
Buffalo (N. Y.) Library. - - &e . - - -
Button, William G., - - - - - - - -
Buxton, Charles A., - - - - - - - =
Caen, Académie Nationale des Sciences, Arts et Belles-

Lettres, - - - - - - - - -
Calcutta, Geological Survey of India, - - - -
Calcutta, Indian Museum, - - - - - - -
Cambridge, Harvard University, - - - - -
Cambridge, Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, - -
Cambridge, Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnol-

ogy, - - - - - - - - -
Carpenter, Rev. C. C., Andover, - ean - -
Chamberlain, James A., Boston, - - - - -
Champaign, Lllinois State Laboratory of Natural History,
Chapel Hill, N. C., Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, -
Chapman, William O., - - - - - - -
Cherbourg, Société Nationale des Sciences Naturelles et

Mathematiques, - - - . - - - -
Chever, Edward E., San Francisco, Cal., - - - -
Chicago (Ill.) Board of Trade, - - - - - -
Chicago (Ill.) Historical Society, - - eee -
Chicago, Ill., Newberry Library, - - - - -
Chicago (Ill.) Public Library, - . - - - -
Chicago, Ill., Sunset Club, - - - - - - -
Chicago, Ill., University of, - - + - - -
Christiania, Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition, - -
Christiania, Université Royale de Norvége,. - - -
Cilley, J. P., Rockland, Me., - - - - - -
Cincinnati, Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio,
Cincinnati, Ohio Mechanics’ Institute, - - - -
Cincinnati (O.) Public Library, - . - - - -
Cincinnati (O.) Society of Natural History, - - -
Cleveland, Misses M.S. and L. H., - - Newspapers,
Cleveland, O., Western Reserve Historical Society, - -
Cogswell, William, - - - - - - = -
Cole, Mrs. N. D., Estate of, - - - - - -
Cole, Zachariah, Wenham, - - - - - -
Columbus, Ohio State Archeological and Historical Soci-

ety, 2) SE el Ge oe Ge ig ee

20

98

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. 99

Columbus, Ohio Meteorological Bureau, - - - - 2
Columbus, Ohio State Board of Agriculture, - - - 1
Conant, William P., Charleston, 8. C., - Newspapers.
Copenhagen, Videnskab Selskabs,_ - - - - - 2
Copenhague, Société Royale des Antiquaires du Nord, - 2
Cordoba, Academia Nacional de Ciencias, - - - 2
Cousins, Frank, Photographs, - - - - - - 1
Curwen, George R., - - - - - = - - 59 5
Curwen, James B.,_ - - - - - - - - 2 181
Curwen, Mrs. Samuel R., - - - - - - - 72 6
Cutter, Abram E., Boston, - - - - eX Ns 1
Dalrymple, Frank T., . - - - - - - 1
Danforth, John M., Lynnfield, - - - - - - 40
Danvers Mirror, Publishers of, - - - - - 14
Danvers, Peabody Institute, - - - - - - 1
Danzig, Naturforschende Gesellschaft, - - - -

Darmstadt, Verein ftir Erdkunde, - - - - - 1
Dayton, W. Hardy, - - - - - - - - 1
Dedham Historical Society, - - - - - - 4 4
Dedham Town Clerk, - - - - - . - 1
Dennett, William H., Beverly, - - - - - - 1
Dennis, William D., - - - - - - - - 1
Detroit (Mich.) Public Library, - - - - - 1
Dodge, Charles C.,_ - - - - - - - - 1
Dorman, John S., Boxford, - - - - - - 36
Dow, George F., Topsfield, - - - - - - 10
Dresden, Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft ‘‘ Isis,” - 2
Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, - - - - . - 1 8
Dublin, Royal Society, - « = - . - - 1 6
Dudley, Dean, Wakefield, - - ~ - - - - 1
Durant, Edmund, Chelmsford, Eng., - - - - 1
Edes, Henry H., Charlestown, - - - - - - 1 161
Edinburgh Royal Society, - - - - - - -

Ellis, Rev. George E., Boston, - - - - - ° i 1
Ellis, John, Philadelphia, Pa., - - - - - - 1
Elmira (N. Y.) Academy of Sciences, - - - - 1
Emden, Naturforschende Gesellschaft, - - - - Z
Erfurt, K. Akademie Gemeintitziger Wissenschaften, - 1
Erlangen, Physikalisch-Medicinische Gesellschaft, - - 1
Essex Field Club, - - - - - - - ~ 5
Falmouth, Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, - ™ 1
Felt, C. W., Northborough, - - - Newspapers.

Firenze, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, - - - - 24
Firenze, R. Instituto di Studi Superiori, - - - - 2 4

ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXV 14

100 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

Folsom, A. A., Brookline, - - - - - - +
Forrester, Louisa, - - - - - . - -
Foster, Joseph, Portsmouth, N. H., - - - - -
Frankfurt-a-M., Senckenbergische Naturforschende Ge-
sellschaft, - - - - - - - - -
Frear, William, State College, Pa., - - . - -
Freiburg, Naturforschende Gesellschaft, - - - -
French, A. D. Weld, Boston, - - . - - -
Galloupe, A. A., Beverly, - - - - - - .
Garman, Samuel, Cambridge, - - - - - -
Gauss, John D.H.,~— - - - - - Newspapers.
Genéve, Institute National Genevois, - - - -
Georgetown Town Clerk, - - - - - - -
Giessen, Oberhessischen Gesellschaft fiir Natur und
Heilkunde, - - - - - - - - -
Gilbert, G. K., Washington, D. C., - - - - -
Gilbert, Shepard D., - - - - - - - -

Gilbert, Mrs. Shepard D., - - - - Newspapers,
Glasgow, Baillies’ Institution, - - - - 7 s
Glasgow, Natural History Society, - - - <= -
Gloucester, City of, - . - - - ‘ = S

Goldthwaite, Mrs. E.H., - - - Newspapers,
Gordon, H. L., Chicago, Ill., - - - - - -
Gottingen, K. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, - -
Grand Rapids (Mich.) Public Library, - - . -
Grant, Misses, - - - - - - Newspapers,
Grant, Beatrice, - - - - - - - - -
Granville, O., Denison Scientific Association of Denison

University, - 7 - - - - - - -
Green, Andrew H., New York, N. Y.,° - - - -
Green, S. A., Boston, - - - - - - -
Guild, Reuben A., Providence, R. I., -- = - -
Giistrow, Verein der Freunde der Naturgeschichte, -
Halifax, Nova Scotian Institute, - - - - -
Halle, K. L.-C. Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher, -
Hamburg, Naturwissenschaftliche Verein, - - -
Hannover, Naturhistorische Gesellschaft, - - -
Harlem, Société Hollandaise des Sciences, - - -
Harriman, Hiram N., Georgetown, - ~ - - -
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania State Library, - - - -
Hart, Charles. H., Philadelphia, Pa., - - . - -
Hartford, Connecticut Historical Society, - - -
Hartford, Ct., Trinity College, - - - - - -
Hassam, John T., Boston, - - - - - - -

i oO

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

Hemenway Expedition, Boston, - - ~ - =
Henry, Trustees of Dr. James, Dublin, Ire.,
Herrick, C. L., Granville, O., - - - - - -
Higginson, Francis J., Newport, R. 1., - - - -
Hill, B. D., and W. S. Nevins, - - - - - -
Hoar, George F., Worcester, - - - - - -
Hobart, Government of Tasmania, - - ~ - =
Hobart, Royal Society of Tasmania, - - . . -
Hobart, Tasmania Government Statistician and Registrar

General, - - - - - - - - -

Horton, William A., - - - : 2 i 3

Hubon, William P., - - ee . Boalys Mit, tog
Hunt, T. F., - = +" -, «= ‘= Newspapers,
Hyde Park Historical Society, - - - - - -
Iowa City, Iowa State Historical Society, - - -
Iowa City, Laboratories of Natural History of State Uni-

versity of Iowa, - - - - - -
Ithaca, N. Y., Cornell University, - - - “ i
Jelly, Mrs. George G., ay) te tera i : : i
Jersey City (N. J.) Free Public Library, So MI ERR TD
Jewett, A. S., Manchester, = e x z 4 J
Johnson, F. W., Nahant, - - - “ - 3 :
Johnson, Tom L., - - = i 2 4 «i i
Jones, Gardner M., - - - a S Circulars,
Kassel, Verein fiir Naturkunde, - - - - -
Kilham, Mrs. Edward, Beverly, AeA ea) LN
Kimball, Elizabeth H., - 4 “ u a z
Kimball, Mr. and Mrs. G. A., Lynn, - - - -
Kimball, Mrs. James, - - - - = .
Kimball, James P., Washington, D.C., - - - *
Kimball, Mary A.,~ - - - - - = a 5
Kingsley, J.S., - - - : = # = e d
Kjobenhavn, K. D. Videnskabernes Selskabs, - -
Konigsberg, Physikalisch-Okonomische Gesellschaft -
Ladd, Gardner P., Groveland, - - - . - e

Lamson, Frederick, - - - - - Newspapers,
Lancaster Town Library, - - - - - = -
Lander, William A., - - - - - - Map,
Lansing, Michigan State Library, - - - - -
Lausanne, Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, -
Lawrence Public Library, - - - - - -

Lawrence, University of Kansas, - - ~ . -
Lea, J. Henry, Fairhaven, - - - - - - -
Lee, Francis H., - - - . is a e é

19

61

67
17

10

42

— ee Oe

—

562

102 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, - - -
Leiden, Rijks-Universiteit, - - - - - -
Le Mans, Seciété d’Agriculture, Science\ et Arts de la

Sarthe, - - - - - - - - -
Lewis, Virgil A., Charleston, W. Va., - - - -
Lincoln, Francis H., Boston, - - - - - -
Lincoln, Nebraska State Historical Society, - - -
Lincoln, University of Nebraska, - - - - -
Lisboa, Academia Real das Sciencias, - - - -
London, Harleian Society, - - - - . -
London Royal Society, - - . . . - -
London, Entomological Society of Ontario, - - -
Longfellow, Horace F., Byfield, - - - - -
Loring, George B., Estateof, - - - Newspapers,
Low, A. Augustus, Brooklyn, N. Y., - - . .
Lund, Université Royale, - - ~ - - - -
Liineburg, Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, - - -
Lyon, Société Linnéenne, - - - - - - -
McGrane, William, - - - - - - - -
McKee, J. C., Butler, Tenn., - ST hl its - - -
Mackenzie, Harriot, Braemer, Scotland, - - - .
McMullan, Mrs. William, - - - - - - -
Madison, Wisconsin Historical Society, - - - -
Madrid, Observatorio de, - - . - - - -
Madrid, Sociedad Espafiola de Historia Natural, - -
Magee, F. A., Boston, - - - - - - -
Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, - -

Manning, Richard C., - - - - Newspapers,
Marburg, Gesellschaft zur Beférderung der Gesammten

Naturwissenschaften, - - - - - -
Marshall, Mrs. Hannah, Georgetown, - - - -
Martin, Mrs. H.B., - - - - - Newspapers.

Massachusetts, Secretary of the Commonwealth of, -
Meek, Henry M., - - - - - - - -
Meriden (Ct.) Scientific Association, - . - -
Michigan Agricultural College, : - - - -
Middlebury (Vt.) Historical Society, - - - -
Mighill, Benjamin P., Rowley, - - - . -
Milwaukee (Wis.) Public Museum, - - - - .
Minneapolis, Minnesota Geological and Natural History

Survey, - - . - - - - - -
Minneapolis (Minn.) Public Library, - - - -
Montreal Natural History Society, - - - . :
Montreal, Numismatic and. Antiquarian Society, - -

82

10

me Co bo

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

Morris, Harrison S., Philadelphia, Pa., - - = -
Morse, Edward S.,_ - - - - - - - -
Morse, John G.. - = - - - - - -
Moscou, Société Imperiale des Naturalistes,_ - - -
Moulton, John T., Lynn, - - - . - ~ -
Mowry, William A., - = - - - - - -
Miinchen, K.B. Akademie der Wissenschaften, - -
Munster, Westfalischen Provinzial Verein,’ - - -
Nahant Town Clerk, - - = - = - - -
Napoli, Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche,
Napoli, R. Accademia delle Scienze e Belle Lettre, -
Nashville, Tennessee State Board of Health, -_ .- -
Nelson, Henry M., Georgetown, - - - - -
Nevins, W.S., - - - - - - - - -
Newark, New Jersey Historical Society, - - - -
New Bedford Free Public Library, - - - - -
New Haven, Ct., Yale University, - . - - -
New York (N. Y.) Academy of Sciences, - - -
New York, N. Y., American Geographical Society,
New York, N. Y., American Metrological Society, - -
Chart,
New York, N. Y., American Museum of Natural History,
New York, N. Y., American Numismatic and Archeologi-
cal Society, - - + - - - ~
New York, N. Y., Astor Library, ‘ . - - -
New York (N. Y.) Chamber of Commerce,~ - - -
New York (N. Y.) Genealogical and Biographica.» oci-
ety, - - - - - - - - -
New York (N. Y.) Historical Society, - - -
New York, N. Y., Linnean Society of, - -
New York (N. Y.) Mercantile Library Association,
New York (N. Y.) Microscopical Society, - -
New York, N. Y., Scientific Alliance of, - - - -
Nichols, John H., - - - - - Newspapers.
Nichols, Mrs. M. A., Estate of, - - Newspapers,
North Andover, Town of, - - - - -
Nourse, Dorcas C., - - - - - Newspapers,
Nurnberg, Naturhistorische Gesellschaft, - - -
Oberlin (O.) College, - - . . - - - -
Odell, Charles, - - Bide | He - a - -
Oliver, Mrs. Grace A., - - - - Newspapers,
Oliver, Mrs. Susan L., Boston, - - - - - ~
Osgood, Charles S., - - - - - - - -
Ottawa, Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada,

12

36

104 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

Ottawa, Royal Society of Canada, - - - - -
Palermo, R. Accademia di Scienze, Lettre e Belli Arti,

Palfray, Charles W., - - - - - Newspapers,
Palo Alto, Cal., Leland Stanford Junior University, -
Paris, Journal de Conchyliologie, - . - - -
Paris, Société d’Anthropologie, - - - - -
Paris, Société des Etudes Historiques, : . - -
Paris, Société Nationale d’Acclimatation, - - -
Peabody Institute, Peabody, - - - - - -
Peele, Julius, Danvers, - - - - - - -
Peet, Rev. S. D., Avon, IIl., - - - - - -
Perkins, Anna F., - - - - - - - -
Perkins, George A., - - - - - - - -
Perkins, William, Topsfield, - - - - - -
Perley, Sidney, - - - - - - - - -
Philadelphia, Pa., Academy of Natural Sciences, - -
Philadelphia, Pa., American Catholic Historical Society,
Philadelphia, Pa., American Philosophical Society, -
Philadelphia, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, - -
Philadelphia, Pa., Indian Rights Association, - - -
Philadelphia, Pa., Library Company of, - - - -
Philadelphia, Pa., Numismatic and Antiquarian Society,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, -
Philadelphia, Pa., Wagner Free Institute of Science, -
Philadelphia, Pa., Zodlogical Society of, . - .
Philbrick, Misses Elizaand Helen, - - - - -
Phillips, Stephen H., - - - - Newspapers,
Phillips, Willard P., North Andover, - Newspapers,
Phippen, George D., - - - - - - -
Pickering, Mrs. John, - - - - - - -
Pierce, Mrs., Henry, - - - - - - -
Pinkerton, Robert A. and William A., New York, N. Y.,
Pool, Wellington, Wenham, - - - - - -
Poole, William F., Chicago, IIl., - - - - -
Poore, Alfred, - - - - - - Newspapers.
Pope, Albert A., Boston, - - - - - - -
Porter, Rev. Aaron, - - - - . - - -
Porter, Rev. Edward G., Lexington, - - - +
Portland, Maine Eye and Ear Infirmary, - Ne
Portland, Maine Historical Society, - - - -
Portland (Me.) Society of Natural History, - - -
Princeton, N. J., E. M. Museum of Geology and Archeol-

ORY Te ae BET Ne) ae er Re aD a eee
Providence, R. I., Brown University, - - - -s

_

72

mee Re OOP Ow

= ee E © DO

we oS

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

Providence, R. I., City of, - . - - - - -
Providence (R. I.) Public Library, - - - - -
Providence (R. I.) Record Commissioners, - - -
Providence, Rhode Island Historical Society, - - .
Putnam, Rey. A. P., Concord, - - - - « -
Putnam, Eben, - - - - - - - - -
Putnam, F. W., Cambridge, - - - Newspapers,
Putnam, George A., Andover, - - - - a -
Quebec, Literary and Historical Society of, - - -
Quebec, L’Université Laval, - - - - - -
Queensland Branch of Royal Geographical Society of

RI he aes wah) uakiney have Tay, a
Rantoul, Robert 8.,_— - - - - - - - -
Rayner, Robert, Cambridge, - - - Newspapers.
Read, Mrs. Warren A., - - - - - - -
Regensburg, Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, - - -
Richmond, Virginia Historical Society, - - : .
Riga, Naturforschende Verein, - - - - - -
Roberts, MarthalL., - - - - - Newspapers.
Robinson, John, - - : “ - - - -
Rochester (N. Y.) Historical Society, - - - -
Roma, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Vittorio Emanuele,
Sacramento, California State Library, - - - -
St. Gallen, Naturwissenchaftliche Gesellschaft, = -
St. John, Natural History Society of New Brunswick,
St. Louis (Mo.) Academy of Science, - - . -
St. Louis (Mo.) Mercantile Library Association, - -
St Louis, Missouri Botanical Garden, - - - :
St.Louis (Mo.) Public Library, . - . - :
St.Paul, Minnesota Historical Society, - - - -
St.Pétersbourg, Académie Imperiale des Sciences, -
St.Petersburg, Imperial Botanical Garden, - -
St. Pétersbourg, Société Entomologique de Russie, -
Salem, Asiatic National Bank, - - - Newspapers.
Salem Associated Charities, - - - - - -
Salem Billiard Club, - - - - - - - -
Salem Classicaland High School, - - - - -
Salem, First National Bank - - - - - -
Salem, Five Cents Savings Bank. e Zi - < i
Salem, Peabody Academy of Science, - Circulars,
Salem Press Publishing and Printing Company, - -
Salem Public Library, - - - - - - -
Saltonstall, Leverett, Boston, - - - : - -
San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences, - -

217

bo

ou

— Oe

106 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

San Francisco (Cal.) Board of Supervisors, - - -
San Francisco (Cal.) Free Public Library, - - -
Santiago, Société Scientifique du Chili, = - - - -
’S Gravenhage, Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeni-

Ping Se ee SR Sain ott Mk
Savannah, Georgia Historical Society, - - - -
Shufeldt, R. W., Washington, D. C., = - - -
Silsbee, Miss, - - - = 2 £ = e a,
Skinner, John B., - - - - & s : 2
Smith, Benjamin G., Cambridge, - - - - -
Smith, Edward A.,~ - - - - - = = e
Smith, Erwin F., Washington, D. C., - - - -
Smith, Mary B., Wellesley Hills, - - - - -
Spofford, George M., Georgetown, - - - - -
Springfield City Library Association, - - - -
Stephens, W. Hudson, Lowville, N. Y., - - - -
Stickney, George A.D., — - : - - - - -
Stimpson, J. W., New York, N. Y., - - - =
Stimpson, T. M., - - - - - Newspapers.
Stock, Elliot, London, Eng., - - - - - -
Stockholm, Entomologische Féreningen, - - - -
Barre, Av Erna te tare 1 eee a em OI Sl edhe ROE
Stone, Ellen A., East Lexington, - - Newspapers.
Stone, William, - - - - - - - - -
Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales, - -
Sydney, Royal Society of New South Wales, - - -
Tacoma (Wash.) Academy of Science, - - - -
Taunton, Old Colony Historical Society, - - - -
Taunton, Somersetshire Archzological and Natural His-

tory Society, - . - - - - - -
Thayer, Rev. George A., Cincinnati, O., - - - -
Throndhjen, K. Norske Videnskabers Selskahbs, - -
Tilley, R. H., Newport, R.I., - - - - - -
Tilton, John P., - - - - - - Newspapers,
Tokio, Imperial University of Japan, - - . -
Topeka, Kansas State Historical Society, - - -
Topsfield Town Library, - - - - - - -
Toronto, Canadian Institute, - - - - - -
Treat, J. Harvey, Lawrence, - - - - - -
Trenton, New Jersey State Library, - - - .

Tromso Museum, - - - “ “ « « és
Tuck, J. D., Beverly, - - - - a i e
Turner, J. Horsfall, Bradford, Eng., - - - -
Turner, Ross, - - “ - - - Newspapers,

29

em bO bo

12

Ke Oe ee Dee

—
K = = & Oe

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

. Board on Geographic Names, - - -

. Bureau of Education, - - - 7 . :
. Coast and Geodetic Survey, - - - -
. Commissioner of Pensions, - - - - 4
. Comptroller of Currency, - - - I Tae rs of
- Department of Agriculture, . . - :

- Department of State, - - - i 4 4

Fish Commission, - - aa - P 3

. Geological Survey, - - - - - ,,Map,
. Interstate Commerce Commission, - : - -
Judge-Advocate-General, - - - - - -
Life-Saving Service, - - - - - -
. National Museum,-— - . - - - - -
. Naval Observatory, - - : - - - -

. Patent Office, - - - - c s x J
. Quartermaster-General, - - : . : e
. Surgeon-General, - - - ee ‘ :
. Treasury Department, - - - . ‘ 2
. War Department, - - - - . = 2
. S. Weather Bureau, . - - - “ . x

Gddddddddddddadddadddda

Upham, William P., Newtonville, - - - = :

Utica, N. Y., Oneida Historical Society, - Circulars.
Ward, Mrs. Mary G., - - - - Newspapers,
Waring, George E., Jr., Newport, R. I., - - - -
Waring, Chapman and Farquhar, Newport, R. I., - -
Warren County Library, Monmouth, Il., . - -
Washington, D. C., Anthropological Society, - -
Washington, D. C., Microscopicai Publishing Company,
Washington, D. C., Smithsonian Institution, - - -
Waters, Charles R., - . - . - - - -

Waters, E.S., Minneapolis, Minn., - - Newspapers,
Waters, Henry F., - - - - - Newspapers.
Waters, William C., - - - - - - - -
Waterville, Me., Colby University, - - - - -
Watson, S. M., Portland, Me., - - - - - -
Welch, William L.,_ - - - - - Newspapers,
Wenham Town Clerk, - - - - - - -
Wheatland, Elizabeth, - - - - Newspapers.
Wheatland, Henry, - - - - Newspapers,
Whipple, George M., - - - - - Newspapers,
Whipple, Prescott, - - - - - Newspapers,
White Plains, N. Y., Westchester County Historical Soci-

ety, has ty ay Rap ere os eet, ° 7

ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXV 15

. Department of Interior, - - - . “ “

. Director of the Mint, - - = - « =

DHF ee

—

96

881

107

bo be

11
26

ol
ae OE OT)

108 THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

Whitmore, Charlotte, Boston, - - -

: = ~ 9
Whitney, Benjamin C., - - - - - - : 2
Whitney, Mrs. H. M., North Andover, Mass., Newspapers, 9
Wien, K. K., Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft, - 4
Wien, Verein zur Verbreitung Naturwissenschaftlicher
Kenntnisse, - - - - - i e 2 P 1
Wiesbaden, Nassauischer Verein fiir Naturkunde, - - 1
Willson, Rev. E. B., - - - - - = = - 2 182
Winsor, Justin, Cambridge, - - = ss s F 37
Woods, Mrs. Kate Tannatt, - - - Newspapers, 2 11
Woodward, P. H., Hartford, Ct., - - Newspapers, 2 |
Worcester, American Antiquarian Society, - - - 129 701
Worcester, Society of Antiquity, - - - - = 2
Wright, Frank V., Hamilton, - - - Newspapers, 60
Wright, W.H. K., Plymouth, Eng., - - - - §
Wurzburg, Physikalisch-Medicinische Gesellschaft, - 23
Zurich, Naturforschende Gesellschaft, — - - - - 4
The following have been received from editors and publishers :
American Journal of Education. | Nation.
American Journal of Science. Naturalists’ Leisure Hour and
American Naturalist. Monthly Bulletin.
Beverly Citizen. Nation. |
Cape Ann Advertiser. New England Magazine.
‘Chicago Journal of Commerce. Open Court.
Danvers Mirror. Peabody Press.
Georgetown Advocate. Peabody Reporter.
Groton Landmark. Salem Gazette.
Home Market Bulletin. Salem News.
Iowa Churchman. Salem Observer. q
Lawrence American. Salem Register.
Learner and Teacher. Traveler’s Record.
Lyceum Herald. Voice.
Musical Record. Zoologischer Anzeiger.

The donations to the cabinets during the year number
eleven hundred and seventy-three, from the following one
hundred and twenty-seven donors:

Allen, Misses. Humphreys, Edwin, Danversport.
Alien, Charles D., Hartford, Ct. Hunt, Ti FF.
Allen, George H. Johnson, Samuel A.

Ames, George L. Johnson, Thomas H.

THE RETROSPECT OF THE

Archer, Rebecca.

Arvedson, George.

Averill, A. A.

Bewditch, Mrs. Anstiss G.
Brooks, Alice F.

Brooks, Henry M.

Brooks, Mrs. Henry M.

Brooks, Jenny.

Brown, Arthur H.

Brown, Theodore.

Casey, James C.

Chamberlain, James A., Boston.
Cherrington, L. J.

Clarke, S. Bartlett.

Cleveland, Mary S. and Lucy H.
Cogswell, William.

Cogswell, Mrs. William.

Cole, Mrs. N. D., Estate of.
Cousiaos, Frank.

Dodge, Mrs. G. B., Hamilton.
Doherty, E.W., Marblehead.
Donaldson, James.

Emerson, Henry L., Wilton, N. H.
Farrell, H. F. E.

Flint, Mrs. H. O.

Forrester, Louisa.

Goldthwaite, Mrs. C.
Goldthwaite, Mrs. E. H.

Goodell, Zina.

Gould,W. H. H., Washington, D.C.
Gove, William H.

Grant, Misses.

Grant, Beatrice.

Hale, Henry A.

Henderson, Daniel.

Holt, George S., Farmington, Ct.
Phippen, George D.

Porter, Rey. Aaron.

Prince, Miss K. E., Northampton.
Putnam, Eben.

Putnam, Frederic W., Cambridge.

Rantoul, Robert S.

Rea, Charles E.

Reid, Rev. Lewis H., Hartford,
Ct.

YEAR. 109

Jones, Gardner M.

Jones, Nahum, Warwick.

Kearney, King H.

Kendall, Edith, Brookline.

Kimball, Elizabeth.

Kimball, Mary A.

Lamson, Frederick.

Lander, M. Louisa.

Lander, William A.

Lander, Mrs. William A.

Lewis, Samuel, Heirs of.

Lewis, Samuel A.

Loring, Mrs. George B.

Meek, Henry M.

Merritt and Company.

Morse, Edith O.

Morse, Edward S.

Mowry, William A.

Moulton, H. A., Wenham.

Moulton, J. C.

Narbonne, Mary A.

Nevins, W. S.

Nichols, Isaiah.

Nichols, John H.

Nourse, Dorcas.

Oliver, Mrs. S. C.

Osgood, Joseph B. F.

Parker, Anna E. L., Boston.

Payson, Edward H.

Peabody Academy of Science.

Peabody, Mrs. S. Endicott.

Perkins, Anna F.

Perkins, Thomas.

Philbrick, Helen and Eliza.

Phillips, Willard P., North Ando-
ver.

Tilley, R. H., Newport, R. I.

Touret, B. E.

Treadwell, J. R.

Treat, John H., Lawrence.

Turner, Ross.

Upton, J. Warren, Peabody.

Waters, E. Stanley, Minneapolis,
Minn.

Waters, William C.

110

Robinson, John.

Ropes, Sarah.

Russell, Thomas W., Hartford,
Ct.

Russell, William.

Sadler, Mrs. Charles J.

Salem Evening News.

Salem Water Board.

Saunders, Mary T.

Smith, A. A.

Smith, Edward A.

Smith, Sarah E.

Spencer, John E.

Starr, Frank F., Middletown, Ct.

Stickney, Walter J.

Stowers, Mrs. Sarah B.

Sullivan, Frank.

THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR.

| Watson, Mrs. Jane M., Lynn.

Webb, Arthur N.

Welch, William L.

Wheatland, Elizabeth.

Wheatland, Henry.

Whipple, George M. ic

Whipple, Mrs. George M.

Whipple, Prescott.

Whittridge, Charles E.

Willson, Rev. E. B.

Winn, Frank M.

Woodbridge, William E., Wash-
ington, D. C.

Woods, Mrs. Kate T.

Wright, Frank V., Hamilton.

Wright, Misses L. A. and L. P.,
Topsfield.

BULLETIN

OF THE

rooms TNS Pre rw.

won. 20. SAtem: Oor., Nov., Dsc., 1893.. Nos. 10, 11,12.

GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES.
No. 6.!

On THE OCCURRENCE OF AUGITE? AND NEPHELINE®
SYENITES IN Essex County, Mass.

BY JOHN H. SEARS.

(Curator of Geology and Mineralogy, Peabody Academy of Science, Salem.)

In a short paper by Dr. M. E. Wadsworth on the pres-
ence of syenite and gabbro in Essex County, Massachu-
setts, published in the Geological Magazine (Decade 3,
Vol. 2, No. 5, 1885), Dr. Wadsworth says : — “ Much
of the eastern coast of Essex County, Massachusetts, ex-
tending from Salem to a point beyond West Manchester,
has been found by the writer to be occupied by a typical

1 This paper forms a more complete report of geological and mineralogical notes
No. 5 (Bulletin of the Essex Institute, Vol. xxv, 1892).

2 Augite-syenite, Vom Rath. This term was introduced by Vom Rath for aclass
of rocks occurring near Predazzo in the Tyrol.

8 Nepheline-syenite, Brégger. Nepheline and augite syenites of Norway. (Die
Silurischen Etagen 2-3.)

ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXV 16 CELT)

172 GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES.

syenite of areddish and grayish color, which in its macro-
scopic characters appears to be identical with that from
Plauen’schen Grund, Saxony. The syenite in places con-
tains much biotite, and also near West Manchester, quartz
grains (segregations?). This syenite is often cut by
dykes of a fine grained grayish syenite, which hold the
same relation to the syenite proper as the micro-granite
dykes do to the granite of the region, and hence, for con-
venience of description, the rock of the syenite dykes may
be styled micro-syenite.

A careful study of the rocks of Cape Ann made during
the past three years has led to certain conclusions, which
are presented in the following pages, together with their
macroscopical, microscopical and micro-chemical analyses
and the extent of the principal outcrops and the general
trend of the whole rock-mass.”

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE ROCK-MASS AT THE VARIOUS
OUTCROPS.

This rock is distinctly plutonic in the coarse massive
granitic areas, while in the finer granitic forms it has all
the characters of eruptive flows when viewed on the sur-
face of the outcrops, but an examination of sections in
some of the deserted quarries shows that these flows were
due to local variations of the plutonic magma. Probably
this is the micro-syenite of Dr. Wadsworth. There are
dyke forms, which are intrusive in the hornblende-grani-
tite of the region. The syenite rock varies in color from
reddish and bluish to all shades of gray and light green,
as seen in fresh specimens taken beneath the surface, while
on the surface it is weathered to a dull reddish gray. In
all cases the rock mass in fresh unaltered specimens con-
sists of a compact tough aggregate of well crystallized
minerals in which long porphyritic feldspar crystals are

GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES. 113

more or less thickly scattered. In some of the outcrops
these crystals are tabular, so that there is a conspicuous
development of the clinopinacoid plane, giving the surface
a decided porphyritic appearance, while in other places
erystals showing the basal plane are more abundant, giv-
ing the surface of the rock-mass a distinctly tessellated
appearance.

II. MACROSCOPICAL CHARACTERS.

The rock in the hand specimen is extremely variable.
Specimens from the southern end of West beach, from
West Manchester and from Winter island are of a decided-
ly coarse well crystallized felspathic rock with a little horn-
blende and biotite. Numerous specimens from various
outcrops in Salem, Beverly, Essex, Manchester and Glou-
cester of the more typical rock are all of a decidedly simi-
lar type, being composed of coarse well crystallized
minerals, the recognizable ones being orthoclase, pyroxene,
hornblende, biotite, magnetite and a little quartz. The
color of these specimens isa grayish green. At other out-
crops, as on the hill in the city of Gloucester, which is
used for the purpose of road building, at Powder House
hill in Essex, at a cutting on the road side in Lanesville,
opposite Young avenue, and at Poor House hill in Beverly,
this rock is of a dark green color, almost black, which,
if examined with the pocket lens and with the usual field
apparatus could only be considereda porphyritic pyroxene-
hornblende rock. At Thompsonville in Essex, and ex-
tending to the Loaf on Coffin’s beach and nearly the whole
length of the Squam river, there are varieties of the augite-
syenite rock. Other outcrops are found at Wheeler’s
Point, Pierce’s island, Rust’s island, and by the roadside
towards Coflin’s beach in West Gloucester, and also in the
cellar of the Russia cement works in West Gloucester. At

114 GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES.

these outcrops the rock is granitic in character and con-
tains considerable quartz with hornblende and _ biotite.
The porphyritic feldspar is often quite fresh and glassy
and therefore this rock, or the series of outcrops last men-
tioned, if studied by themselves in the field, would have
every appearance of fine-grained hornblende-granitites.
Several outcrops in Beverly and Essex, which are of the same
type, are seen to be varieties of the augite-syenite group.
Another phase of these rocks, as observed in the field, is in
the form of massive flows of the micro-syenite previously
mentioned. Certain outcrops of this form are seen at
Conomo, Essex, Blind brook, Braywood, West Gloucester,
at the hill south of the Cape Ann forge works, and ex-
tending to the outcrop used for road building by the city
of Gloucester. Another extensive outcrop is seen from
Rocky Neck, East Gloucester, extending across Pleasant
avenue and East Main street to Bass Rocks, near the cor-
ner of Fair View avenue and again on Salt island, Briar
Neck and Emerson’s point, Rockport, and extending to
Gap Head in the village of Rockport are seen tongues and
veins of this same flow structure. Smalle» masses from
ten or twelve feet long and half as wide to as many rods
in length and width, are seen on all parts of the area cov-
ered by these syenites. There are also several intrusive
dyke rocks which must be classed as rocks of more recent
age than the mass of this augite-syenite, one of which
proves to bea phonolite dyke rock of the type called by
Rosenbusch,' tinguaite. This dyke cuts the hornblende
eranitite 200 yards southwest of Singing beach, Manches-
ter. On the surface this rock has weathered to a dull
whitish gray with numerous porphyritic feldspar crystals
standing out upon it. In the fresh rock the color is a
greasy olive green, in texture it is very compact and ex-

1 Min. Phys., Vol. II, Pp. 627.

GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES. 115

ceedingly tough. Two forms of porphyritic crystals are
seen, one glassy, long, lath-shaped and the other dull,
white and hexagonal.

III. THE MICROSCOPICAL STRUCTURE.

Thin sections of the phonolite dyke rock, when studied
under the microscope in polarized light, show that it is
composed of some crystals of sodalite, hexagonal in out-
line, and numerous long irregular feldspar phenocrysts
which are sometimes in Carlsbad twins with a quite fine
multiple twinning and in one section the double twinning
of the microline structure. Several of the feldspar crys-
tals have a perfect, square, cross-section which is very
noticeable and suggests a resemblance to the anorthoclase
phenocrysts which were described in my paper on kerato-
phyre’ from Marblehead Neck. Micro-chemical tests of
this feldspar in hydro-fluosilicic acid give, upon evapora-
tion of the acid, equal numbers of crystals of sodium
(Na, O) and potassium (K,O), but with no calcium
(Ca O); sp. gr. 2.572 to 2.58. The analysis of the
anorthoclase feldspars in the keratophyre rock which was
made at the laboratory of the U. S. Geol. Surv. at Wash-
ington by Dr. Thomas Chatard gives K, O, 6.98; Na, O,
6.56. This micro-chemical test, therefore, shows that the
feldspar in this phonolite rock is very near if not chemi-
cally equal to anorthoclase. The hexagonal outlines of
the sodalite phenocrysts are isotropic and the mineral
gelatinizes readily with acid which upon evaporation gives
an abundance of common salt crystals. There are also
some crystals of green augite and brown hornblende, one
of the outline hornblende crystals being filled with minute
crystals of egirine. The holo-crystalline ground mass is

| 1 Bulletin of Museum of Comparative Zodlogy at Harvard College, Geological
Series, Vol. 11, June, 1890,

116 GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES.

composed of feldspars and feebly polarizing nepheline in
a nearly complete felting of egirine crystals and grains,
some of which sink to the finest dust. These egirine
grains are so abundant in the feldspars of the ground-mass
that the specific gravity of the feldspar in the rock pow-
der, even after passing through the 100 sieve, could not
be clearly made out, but with the inclusions of egirine it
was as low as 2.59. This rock powder gelatinized readily
with acid and, upon evaporation, an abundance of gypsum
crystals appeared, thus characterizing some of the minerals
in the ground-mass as belonging to the hauyne group. In
a communication received at a late date (June 17), from
Prof. H. Rosenbusch, in relation to this rock he says:
“Specimen No. 4 isa very good representation of the dyke
rocks which I have called tinguaite. Phenocrysts of
orthoclase in scarce quantity are disseminated in a holo-
crystalline mass of feldspar, nepheline and augite. I feel
very sure there may be some lucite in it, but I did’ not
succeed in proving it until to-day.” The letter is dated
June 6, 1893. With this determination the phonolite dyke
rock would, therefore, be a lucite-tinguaite.

The microscopical structure of the typical augite-syenite
from various outcrops is as follows :—Thin sections pre-
pared from specimens collected in an old quarry on the W.
D. Pickmanestate at Beverly Cove ; numerous large porphy-
ritic crystals of microcline-microperthite,' some multiple
twinned plagioclase, probably labradorite, much orthoclase,
augite in two forms, one in large ragged crystals, and the
other in long needle-shaped crystals enclosed in the feld-
spars as microliths, numerous small ragged crystals of
egirine, some brown hornblende, red biotite in large

1 This form of feldspar is characteristic of Professor Brégger’s microline-mi-
croperthite in the augite-syenite rocks of Norway.— Brégger, Min. der Syenite Py.,
p. 627.

GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES. 117

patches, numerous perfect zircon crystals, fine sections of
nepheline, some apatite and magnetite with a ground-mass
of thin films of quartz.

Sections prepared from the outcrop on the east side
of Briscoe Hill in Beverly are of similar composition,
but contain in addition olivine and titanite. Atthe ledge
used for road building purposes on Poor House hill, Bev-
erly, there are two well marked forms. One is rich in
hornblende, contains little augite and has much quartz,
not only as a ground-mass but also as distinct patches with
fine large crystals of microcline-microperthite (the soda-
microcline of Professor Brégger), some egirine crystals,
apatite and magnetite. The other is rich in augite, still
having considerable quartz, some hornblende, biotite,
egirine and nepheline. ‘The first, except for the egirine
and microcline-microperthite, would be classed as_ horn-
blende-granitite. The other is nearly if not quite like the
typical augite-syenite. In this last a vein of pyrrhotite
of a rich yellow bronze color is seen which carries a small
percentage of nickel. Molybdenite also occurs in this
outcrop.

Several thin sections of the rock in the massive outcrop
near Magnolia Station, and in the railroad cutting one bun-
dred yards east of the station, when studied with the polariz-
ing microscope, were found to be composed of microcline-
microperthite, well twinned plagioclase, orthoclase, augite,
green hornblende, red biotite, zircons, apatite, fine sec-
tions of titanite, much magnetite, some limonite, nepheline
and isotropic sections of sodalite which gelatinized readily
with hydrochloric acid. Some sections also contained regu-
lar crystals of hypersthene and some well formed crystals
of olivine, and in one of the sections there were large patches
of eleolite. The color of the whole rock mass in fresh
hand specimens is dark grayish and green. This rock is

118 GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES.

thus shown to be quite distinct from any member of elzo-
lite-zircon-syenite group heretofore described, inasmuch
as it contains hypersthene and olivine without a glassy
ground-mass, and it is equally distinct from the typical
augite-syenite of Vom Rath. We, therefore, have a dis-
tinct variety in this Magnolia outcrop. Sections from the
Lanesville outcrop opposite Young avenue contain olivine.
In some of the sections serpentine has developed in the
cleavage cracks and some of the feldspars have the micro-
scopical characters common to anorthoclase, extinguishing
by sections and in patches. This is the soda-microcline
of Professor Brégger (Zeitschrift fiir Krystallographie, Vol.
Xvi, page 261). One section shows multiple twinned al-
bite intergrows directly across the twinned microcline, giv-
ing it a very beautiful appearance when seen in polarized
light. This form is characteristic of Professor Brégger’s
microcline-microperthite in the augite-syenite rocks of Nor-
way. There are also numerous irregular fragments of
egirine and a few small triangular patches of nepheline
with a ground-mass of quartz as a cement.

At the augite-syenite outcrop in Brace’s Cove, East
Gloucester, and by the roadside on the sand beach near the
Niles farm buildings, on the southwest side of Eastern
point, the large, almost perfect tabular feldspar crystals
give this rock a very striking appearance. The microscopic
structure of thin sections, when studied with the polarizing
microscope, gives the following minerals in its composition :
much augite, green hornblende, glaucophane and chlorite
as secondary priatinicti in the decomposition of the horn-
blende, microliths of egirine, one characteristic crystal of
hypersthene, magnetite, limonite, numerous zircon and
apatite crystals, orthoclase, microcline-microperthite, some
plagioclase, and a little quartz as the ground-mass. The
large tabular porphyritic crystals of feldspar are micro-

os te se re
“es :

GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES. 119

cline-microperthite. The outcrop of this augite-syenite,
in the marsh near the poor farm, used by the city of Glou-
cester for road making, is of a very dark color and a
macroscopical examination would indicate it to be diorite,
but the microscopical structure, as seen in thin sections,
shows it to be composed of augite, egirine, hornblende,
limonite, some biotite, orthoclase, microcline-microper-
thite, zircons, apatite, magnetite and a little quartz asa
cement in the ground-mass, thus making the rock atypical
augite-syenite. Numerous thin sections have been pre-
pared from all parts of the outcrops of this augite-syenite
described above. In specimens from the corner of War-
ner and Prospect streets in the city of Gloucester, the mi-
croscopical structure is quite characteristic of this rock
mass. They all contain augite, egirine, titanite, micro-
cline-microperthite with some quartz. Some of the sections
contain nepheline and one section contains an excess of the
fine multiple twinned albite (sp. gr. 2.63). There is more
or less orthoclase, hornblende, biotite and magnetite with
crystals of zircon and apatite as inclusions in the feldspars,
showing this rock mass to be a nearly typical augite-syen-
ite.

From the area mapped as diorite (9th Annual Report
of the United States Geological Survey : Geology of Cape
Ann by Prof. N. S. Shaler) in Gloucester and the islands
in Squam river, I have collected specimens from every
outcrop. ‘These have been carefully studied and compared
with known types of the augite-syenite group from other
parts of the region and, after making thorough micro-
scopic analyses of numerous thin sections, I am convinced
that these outcrops are phases of the augite-syenite rock.
The microscopical structure, when studied from thin sec-
tions in polarized light, shows these outcrops to be com-
posed of augite-syenite minerals, microcline-microperthite

ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXxV 17

120 GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES.

and the soda-microcline which are characteristic minerals
described by Professor Brégger as occurring in the augite-
syenite rocks of Norway. Thin sections prepared from
specimens collected on Pierce’s island in Squam-river have
the following mineral composition: Nos. 1, 2, 8, contain
numerous patches of red biotite, hornblende and augite,
in perfect crystal form, microcline, orthoclase, microcline-
microperthite, microliths of egirine, and numerous inclu-
sions of zircons, apatite and magnetite, the whole cemented
in a coarse ground mass of quartz. Thin sections pre-
pared from specimens collected in an old and deserted
quarry on the northeast side of this island are much
more porphyritic. The larger crystals are always micro-
cline-microperthite (sp. gr. 2.60 to 2.64). One of the
sections has fine crystals of titanite and the quartz is in
thinner films as a ground-mass or cement, otherwise the
minerals are of a similar character to Nos. 1, 2, 3, except
that no egirine was detected. Specimens were collected
from various outcrops along Essex avenue and Concord
street to a point near Coffin’s beach, West Gloucester.
Sections, from an outcrop on the side of the road to Coffin’s
beach, near a deserted quarry in West Gloucester, are of a
fine grained rock, slightly porphyritic, with an abundance
of biotite, perfect well twinned crystals of albite, much
microcline in large irregular patches, microcline-microper-
thite, hornblende, augite and titanite, some of the ortho-
clase feldspars having areas of micropegmetite. From
the great abundance of biotite in this rock mass it may be
locally called biotite-augite-syenite (sp. gr. of feldspars
in this rock 2.57 to 2.62). Thin sections from the augite-
syenite outcrop at Wheeler’s point, Gloucester and extend-
ing to Goose Cove, Annisquam and Bay View, give the
microscopic structure as follows :—Nos. 1, 2, Wheeler’s
point, numerous large porphyritic crystals of microcline-

ee Aaa

Ss

GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES. 121

microperthite, albite and orthoclase, good crystals of au-
gite, hornblende, egirine ; numerous crystals of titanite,
some biotite, magnetite, a little quartz, some crystals of
apatite and zircons. No. 3, section from Goose Cove, is
the same as the last except that it does not contain egirine.
Nos. 4, 5, 6, sections from Bay View quarries, contain
more augite and egirine. In one section, No. 5, there is
a complete felting of these zgirine crystals which sink to
the finest dust as inclusions in the microcline-microper-
thite, giving the rock a deep green color. Several thin
sections, prepared from specimens collected in Kast Wen-
ham, Essex, Conomo Point and on Cross’ island, have the
same microscopical structure but are more nearly of the
typical augite-syenite. Thin sections from outcrop at Co-
nomo point are nearly the same as from the outcrop at
Lanesville except that they contain diallage instead of ol-
ivine, and sections from the massive outcrop at Powder
House hill in the village of Essex contain long acicular
crystals of brown acmite instead of the usual egirine found
in the various outcrops of the augite syenite.

Another phase of the augite-syenite rocks is found in
the flow structures previously mentioned. When studied
from thin sections under the microscope in polarized light
they are seen to be different in structure from any variety
previously described. The minerals are largely microcline-
microperthite, orthoclase and albite. These are by the ad-
dition of quartz grains again broken up into a micropegme-
tite forminga beautiful mosaic. Other minerals are augite,
titanite, hornblende, biotite, hexagonal sections of sodalite,
numerous zircons, some colorless garnets and magnetite.
In some of the sections there -are fine masses of glauco-
phane a probable decomposition product of hornblende.
One section has microliths of zegirine in the orthoclase and
larger quartz grains. When preparing the preliminary

122 GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES.

paper (Geological and Mineralogical Notes No. 5), I con-
sidered part of this formation to be a granophyre. In the
microscopical investigation made of loose grains of all
these augite-syenites, the specific gravity of the feldspars
in the crushed rock, as passed through the 90 sieve and
separated in the Thoulet solution, has been obtained of all
the specimens from which these microscopic sections have
been prepared, giving the same general result, as deter-
mined by the Westphal balance, 2.65 for the quartz and
some albite, 2.57 for the microcline and orthoclase ; lighter
minerals ranging between 2.55 for nepheline and 2.28
for sodalite have been found.

IV. THE EXTENT AND TREND OF THE WHOLE SERIES
OF THESE SYENITES.

The trend of these syenites in Essex County, Mass., is
from southwest to northeast. The most distant south-
western outcrop observed is in Lynnfield Centre, near
Pilling’s pond, inan old railroad quarry. From this point,
across Peabody to Salem and Marblehead, and, extending
across {Salem harbor, it is seen on the shore line, in con-
nection with the eleolite-zircon-syenite, from Beverly to
the Singing beach and Eagle head in Manchester.. From
here to the railroad cutting at Magnolia it is continuous and
crossiifg the great Magnolia swamp it is seen again at West
Gloucester, in the city of Gloucester, at Eastern point and
the islands and rocks known as Bemo ledge, Salt island,
Milk and Thatcher’s islands and the Salvages outside of
Pigeon Cove, Rockport. It also occupies part of the main
jand, one outcrop being the so-called black granite of
the Rockport Granite Company’s quarries, and numerous
tongues are seen extending into the hornblende-granitite at
Gap head and on Emerson’s point. The west and north-
west line of contact across Beverly is extremely irregular,

GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES. 123

commencing on Briscoe hill in the centre of the village the
line of contact with the hornblende-granitite of Powder
house hill is seen on Essex street, by the roadside near
the cemetery, the contact at this point being quite plain
in anortheasterly direction. From here numerous outcrops
can be traced to Coy’s pond, East Wenham and the Che-
bacco lakes, whence a long tongue extends in a north-
westerly direction across Hamilton nearly to Vineyard
hill. It occupies the entire area from Cutler’s pond in
Hamilton to Powder house hill in Essex, Conomo point,
Cross’ island, Thompsonville, Essex, to West Gloucester,
the southwest side of Annisquam and Bay View to the
outcrop opposite Young avenue, Lanesville, thus forming
a circle néarly around Cape Ann. The largest area oc-
cupied by these augite-syenite rocks is in Salem, Beverly,
Essex and Manchester ; an area eight miles in length by
six miles in width besides an area nearly equal in extent,
in Gloucester, including Eastern point and West Glouces-
ter. The outcrops at Bay View and Lanesville are proba-
bly connected with the larger mass in the city of Gloucester,
under a drift covered valley, which is quite extensive and
well marked to the east of Riverdale and which extends
nearly to some of the outcrops at Bay View and Lanes-
ville. It is clear that the drift covered valley occupied
by the Boston and Maine railroad between Gloucester and
Rockport may cover a narrow vein of the syenite connect-
ing those at the Rockport Granite Company’s quarry (the
so-called black granite) and the dry salvages with the main
mass at Gloucester. It will be seen, therefore, that the
augite-syenites form the principal rock mass of Cape Ann
and that the hornblende-granitites occupy a secondary place
in this large area of granitic rocks. I include as Cape Ann
all of the area given in the state atlas covering parts of
Beverly, Essex and Manchester together with Gloucester
and Rockport.

124 GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES.

IN CONCLUSION.

The geological age of the granitic rocks of which this
paper treats is undoubtedly post Cambrian as large and
small fragments of the metamorphosed Cambrian sedi-
ments are often seen to be included in them. On Poor
house hill, in Beverly, and Conomo Point, in Essex, ex-
amples of these included Cambrian rocks are met with on
all sides. In regard to the relative age of these rocks as
compared with the hornblende-granitite, the granitite is
the younger rock; for the massive forms of the augite-
syenite are not seen cutting the granitite but usually sur-
round it, thus forcing the conclusion that the granitites
have burst up through the augite-syenites. The micro-
syenite and tinguaite dyke rocks are more recent for they
often cut both the granitite and the massive augite-syenite.
Dr. M. E. Wadsworth in his paper on the presence of
syenite in Essex County, Mass. (Geological Magazine,
Decade 8, Vol. 2, No. 5, p. 207), says, “The preponder-
ance of evidence is that the granite is the younger rock
unless it is contemporaneous with the syenite.” In the
9th Annual Report of the U. S. Geological Survey (Ge-
ology of Cape Ann, Mass., by Prof. N. S. Shaler), the
rocks of this area were mapped and classified as hornblende
granitite, with the exception of a-small area in Squam
river and vicinity which was mapped as diorite. This so-
called diorite, as is shown in the microscopical analyses
of thin sections from all parts of the area described, is
composed of augite-syenite minerals and the few sections
that were wanting in some of these minerals would be
nearer a fine grained hornblende-granitite than a diorite.
The city of Gloucester is built almost entirely upon this
augite-syenite. It was stated in the text of the Geologi-
cal Report that the ledge at Magnolia and the islands on
the coast were syenitic in character, but on the map of the

GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL NOTES. 125

Cape Ann region, printed in connection with the report,
these areas were recorded as hornblende-granitite. In the
whole area of the augite-syenite rock there are several
dome shaped and irregular masses of the hornblende-
granitite and, as the two forms of rock are distinctly gran-
itic in type, it is not surprising that they have long been
considered as one formation. Indeed, on the surface of
some of the eroded augite-syenite outcrops, secondary
quartz has been developed to such an extent that it would
be impossible from a macroscopical examination to dis-
tinguish them from the hornblende-granite rocks, while a
few inches deeper, in the fresh unaltered mass, the ab-
sence of quartz would at once show that the formation be-
longed to the syenite rock group.

Paper read before the Essex Institute, Mar. 20, 1893.

THE ANTERIOR CRANIAL NERVES OF PIPA
AMERICANA.

BY G. A. ARNOLD.

Turis study was undertaken to extend the method of se-
rial sections so successfully employed by Von Plessin and
Rabinowicz (91) on Salamandra maculata, to one of the
Anura. The embryos of Pipa, which form the basis of
the study, had a body length of 9 mm. and were cut trans-
versely into sections 224 micra thick, stained with alum
cochineal and Bleu de Lyon (the latter after Rése’s method
(91), and the reconstructions were made by plotting the
projections of the sections on cross-section paper. It is
only by such methods that detailed and conclusive knowl-
edge can be obtained of the distribution of the nerves in
the smaller forms. Since this method has been used in so
few instances, comparison with other Batrachia is impossi-
ble and so the text is solely descriptive. It is, in fact, but
an extended explanation of the plate to which reference
must be made for all details. In my account of the several
nerves, I have omitted detail with regard to such features
as are common to all Batrachia and have dwelt more es-
pecially from points previously unknown or apparently
peculiar to this form. So far as I am aware the nervous
system of Pipa has been studied previously only by J. G.
Fischer whose paper, unfortunately, is not to be found in
the libraries I have consulted.

(126)

ANTERIOR CRANIAL NERVES OF PIPA AMERICANA. 127

VIII (Auditory) VII( Facial) and V (Trigeminal) nerves.
These three nerves have a common origin from the side
of the medulla oblongata, arising by fibres among which
the roots of separate nerves cannot be distinguished.

The auditory nerve separates directly and goes to the
large auditory ganglion, situated in a foramen in the wall
of the otic capsule immediately opposite the common ori-
gin of the three nerves from the medulla.

From this ganglion three groups of nerves arise, which
may be taken up in order, beginning with the most poste-
rior. ‘The posterior ramus or group consists of the ram-
ulus posterior (7.p.), the ramulus neglectus (7.a.neg.),
the ramulus basilaris (7.das.), and the ramulus lagen
(r.a.lag.). The ramulus posterior leaves the posterior
side of the ganglion, and runs outward and backward to
the ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal, over the
sensory epithelium of which it is distributed. The ramu-
lus neglectus leaves the ganglion in company with the pre-
ceding nerve and soon distributes itself to the pars neglecta
of the sacculus. The ramulus basilaris has a similar
course to the pars basilaris of the cochlea. The fourth
and last of this group, the ramulus lagene, has a more
ventral origin and runs somewhat ventrally to the lagena.
The second branch of the Auditory nerve, the ramulus sac-
culi, consists of a large branch running outward and
spreading slightly, forming a large brush distributed over
the macula acustica on the lower side of the sacculus.
The third group consists of the nerves to the two anterior
ampulle. They arise as a single nerve from the anterior
side of the ganglion and run forward and outward. Then
they divide to go to their respective ampulle. The ram-
ulus anterior (7.a.a.) makes a turn around the external
semicircular canal to reach its own ampulle.

After the separation of the auditory nerve, the V and

ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXV 18

128 THE ANTERIOR CRANIAL NERVES

VII continue forward along the side of the brain, until they
enlarge into a ganglion,— the Gasserian— oval as viewed
from above, situated proximally within and distally with-
out the cranial walls. The facial nerve arises as two
branches, one lateral, the other ventral, near the mid-
dle of this ganglion. The former of these (coms.g.)
forms the commissure between the facial nerve and the
glossopharyngeal. Its course is at first outward, then it
curves backward in an horizontal plane until it joins the
glossopharyngeal nerve directly opposite the origin of the
V, VII and VIII from the brain. Its further course is that
of the glossopharyngeal. The large loop which it forms is
necessitated by the fact that it has to pass around the otic
capsule, close to the walls of which it runs.

The other branch, the facial proper ( fac.) takes an out-
ward and downward course from its origin from the ventral
side of the ganglion. Itsoon divides into alarge ramus to
the lower jaw(hy.man.) and a palatine ramus (p.), to the
roof of the mouth. Immediately on separation the palatine
runs forward and inward and then directly forward above the
roof of the mouth, until near the anterior wall of the orbit
it gives rise to an anastomosing commissure connecting it
with the ramus nasalis of the trigeminal. Beyond this
commissure the palatine bends inward and distributes it-
self to the epithelium of the mouth and the internal
choana. I do not find a branch of the palatine continuing
forward through the vomer to the region of the snout
as in other Batrachia. The fact that the nerve does not
extend forward to the nose precludes the possibility of
there being any connection between it and the frontalis or
nasalis other than the commissure above mentioned. A
terminal connection between the palatine and the trigem-
inal is described by Ecker in ana esculenta. He also
mentions a double origin for the palatine from the separate

OF PIPA AMERICANA. 129

ganglions of V and VII. My study of Pipa gives no indi-
cation of such a dual condition, since the nerve arises not
from the common ganglion of the V and VII, but as a
branch of the facial nerve.

After the separation of the palatine, the main branch of the
facial (hy.man.)', turns outward and backward for some
distance, passing along a groove in the ventral side of the
otic capsule, between it and the roof of the mouth. Thence
it passes downward around the buccal cleft to the lower
jaw. After making this turn, the hyomandibularis runs
forward on the inner side of Meckel’s cartilage along the
floor of the mouth. It soon gives off a branch (buc.),
which in turn divides to innervate the mucous lining of the
mouth. This branch, although scarcely larger than several
that are given off later as terminal branches with similar
distribution, corresponds most nearly to the buccalis of
other forms. The main nerve continues its course forward
following the general contour of the jaw and is distributed
to the inner lining of the mouth. The chief points of in-
terest in connection with the facial in Pipa are the rela-
tions of the palatine and the apparent lack of connection
between the facial-glossopharyngeal commissure and the
facial proper. This of course is to be explained by the
peculiar relations of the VII to the V, the facial first appear-
ing as a distinct nerve coming from the trigeminal gang-
lion, the connection existing in the ganglion itself.

The trigeminal nerve consists of three divisions arising
by as many separate roots from the anterior end of the
Gasserian ganglion. These three divisions will be de-
scribed in order corresponding to their origin from the
ganglion, namely, the mandibularis, the frontalis, and
the supramaxillaris superior.

i1Hyo-mandibularis, Von Plessin = Jugularis, Fischer = Facial, Wyman.

130 ° THE ANTERIOR CRANIAL NERVES

The mandibularis (man.)! arises from the dorsal side
of the anterior end of the Gasserian ganglion and runs out-
ward, upward and forward. Then it turns in a gradual
curve backward and in a sharp curve downward through
the masseter and temporal muscles until it reaches the an-
gle of the lower jaw, along the outer side of which it
runs forward. Just outside of the Gasserian ganglion
the mandibularis gives rise to a branch (mas.) which in-
nervates the masseter and temporal muscles. Soon after
entering the lower jaw it divides into the mandibularis
proper and the mentalis which have their usual distribu-
tion. The mentalis has at first a more outward course,
but later passes inward under the mandibularis to be dis-
tributed to the outer skin of the lower jaw. The mandib-
ularis follows along the outer side of the mandible until
it almost reaches the symphysis menti, to the integument
of which region it is distributed. The only feature es-
pecially worthy of notice is that this nerve arises directly
from the ganglion, not as a branch of the maxillaris supe-
rior.

The frontalis? (7.) arises beside the mandibularis, in
juxtaposition with which it runs at first and preserves a
slightly dorsal and lateral direction forward, passing over
the masseter and temporal muscles to reach the orbit.
Here it is deflected downward and inward around the eye-
ball. Then it ascends again upon the anterior side of the
orbit and branches outward to innervate the skin of the
cheek and the side of the upper jaw. This distribution
differs from that in the common frog, where the frontalis
sends branches to the lining of the nasal capsule, thus
making terminal connection with fibres of the olfactory,

1Mandibularis, Von Plessin and Rabinowicz=Maxillaris inferior, Fischer=Lower
jaw branch, Wyman,

2Frontalis, Von Plessin and Rabinowicz=Nasalis, Fischer=Ophthalmic, Wy.
man,

OF PIPA AMERICANA, 131

and also where the frontalis pierces the premaxillary bone
and exchanges fibres with the palatine nerve. ‘This re-
gion of the snout is entirely supplied by the maxillaris
and nasalis in this form. I failed to discover any branch
to the muscles of the eye.

The supramaxillaris superior’ is the largest ramus of the
trigeminal. Almost immediately after leaving the Gasser-
jan ganglion, from the anterior end of which it takes its
origin, it becomes divided into two branches: 1. The
maxillaris proper. 2. The nasalis of Von Plessin and
Rabinowicz.

These two branches have a similar course forward, turn-
ing slightly inward and downward. The maxillaris takes
a more ventral course than the nasalis, although they do
not become widely separated until after the anastomosis
between the maxillaris and the palatine has occurred.
The maxillaris and the palatine run very nearly parallel
throughout their courses and at no very great distance
from one another; hence the commissure between them
is short compared with its length in most Batrachia. It
also presents another and more marked difference from
the conditions obtaining in most Batrachia, in that its course
is vertical rather than horizontal. After this anastomo-
sis has occurred, the maxillaris continues forward in two
branches which distribute themselves in the region of the
nose and the side of the jaw. No terminal filaments con-
necting this nerve with the frontalis or the palatine can
be traced.

The nasalis? (n.) lies slightly above the maxillaris af-
ter their separation, and so preserves an almost horizontal
course forward to the tip of the nose, in which region

1Supramuxillaris superior, Von Plessin and Rabinowicz = Supramaxillaris,
Ecker=Upper maxillary branch, Wyman=Maxillaris superior, Fischer.
2 Nasalis, Von Plessin and Rabinowicz.

132 THE ANTERIOR CRANIAL NERVES

one of its branches (a) is distributed. Branch (0) of the
nasalis branches outwardly and distributes itself to the
integument of the side of the upper jaw. Shortly after
the nasalis has divided from the maxillaris, a large branch
(c) splits off with the following course and distribution :
The nerve turns sharply inward and passes over the ol-
factory nerve to which it gives off a small branch. Thence
its course is downward and forward near the roof of the
mouth to the snout, passing downward through the pre-
maxillary bone for distribution to the region of the upper
lip.

There arises from the supramaxillaris, superior soon
after leaving the Gasserian ganglion, a nerve which follows
along near its parent until it reaches the orbit in which it
bends upward and outward. Then it leaves the orbit and
turns upward, backward and inward, distributing itself to
the cutaneous layer on the top of the head midway be-
tween the eyes. This nerve is apparently the same as that
which Fischer has described in the case of Necturus, as
innervating the skin of the dorsal surface of the head.
According to Huxley (Encyl. Brit., Art. Amphibia), it
occurs only in the tadpole of Anura and disappears from
the adult.

From the maxillaris superior, there also arises as nerve
which innervates the superior oblique eye muscle and
hence is to be regarded as trochlearis which has remained
fused with the fifth, a condition possessing much morpho-
logical interest.

The oculomotor nerve (0.¢.m.) arises the ventral side
of the medulla oblongata. Its course is outward and for-
ward within the chondrocranium, then it leaves the chon-
drocranium through the same foramen as the trigeminal
and runs forward to be distributed in the usual manner to
the rectus muscles of the eye. The only feature worthy of

OF PIPA AMERICANA. 133

comment is the absence of a separate foramen for its exit
from the cranium.

The optic nerve (op.) presents no special features, either
in regard to its origin or its course. Its roots form a
a very intricate chiasma.

The olfactory nerve (o/.) arises from the anterior ex-
tremity of the olfactory lobe, passes out through the walls
of the skull, and distributes itself to the epithelium of the
nasal capsule and tothe organ of Jacobson in two branches.
There is no indication of two roots like those described
by Wiedersheim in the Gymnophiona and which have la-

ter been commented upon by Burckhardt.

LITERATURE.

Von Plessin and Rabinowicz.—Die Kopfnerven von Salamandra
maculata. Miinchen. 1891.

A. Ecker.—Anatomy of the frog. 1889.

Jeffries Wyman.—Anatomy of the Nervous System of Rana pipiens.
Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. Vol. V. 1852.

J. G. Fischer.—Perennibranchiaten und Derotremen. 1864.

R. Wiedersheim.—Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates. 1884.

Rése.—Uber die Entwickelung der Ziihne des Menschen. Arch. f.
mik. Anat. xxxviii, 1881.

T. H. Huxley.—Amphibia, Encyclopedia Britannica.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE REFERENCE LETTERS.

a.b.c. = terminal branches of nasalis.
buc. = buccalis.

com.g. = commissure of VII and IX.
com. = commissure between palatinus and maxillaris.
jf. = frontalis.

Jac. = facialis.

gph. glossopharyngeal.

gas.gang. = ganglion of V and VII.
hy.man. = hyomandibularis.

man. = mandibularis.

men. = mentalis.

134 ANTERIOR CRANIAL NERVES OF PIPA AMERICANA.

mas. = masseter.

n. = nasalis.

0.c.m. =oculo-motor.
ol. = olfactory.

op. = optic.

7.a.@. = ramulus acusticus anterior.
a an 33 exterior.
*.6.p. = sa - posterior.
r-d.bas. == “-"* - basilaris.
Ce a ad neglectus.
7 2200.== a sp sacculi.

s. S. = supramaxillaris superior.
troct. = trochlearis.
V, VII, VIII = origin of V, VII, and VIII from brain.

Fic. 1. Nervous system of Pipa from the right side.
Fic. 2. Same from above. On the left side some of the more dor-
sal nerves are removed.

INST. VoL.XAXV, NOs. lf

Ror. ESSEX

el photolith.

BMeis

ow

BULLETIN

OF THE

ESSEX INSTITUTE,

VOLUME XXV.

1893.

SALEM, MASS::
PRINTED AT THE SALEM PRESS,
1893.

CONTENTS.

A Curious Aino Toy, by Edward S. Morse, ;

Geological and Mineralogical Notes: No.5, by John H. Saxe s,

Folk Speech of Yorkshire and New England, by H. M. Brooks.

Report of Committee on Columbian Exposition, . ‘
Catalogue: Transportation Building, 25; Manufactures and
Liberal Arts Building, 32; Government Building, 36; Leather
and Shoe Trades Building, 38; Massachusetts State Build-
ing, 39; Salem Exhibits, 71.

Annual Meeting, Monday, May 15, 1893, ; :
Officers elected, 76; secretary’s report, 76; librarian’s re-
port, 81; treasurer’s report, 84; lectures, 85; necrology of
members, 94; additions to library, 95; cabinets, 108.

Geological and Mineralogical Notes: No. 6. On the Occurrence
of Augite and Nepheline ic in Essex County, Mass., by
John H. Sears,

The Anterior Cranial eines of Pipa aes by G. A. oe
nold,

2547

1
8
14
19

75

1il

126