^t^MS??t;s-v^tofevw^ .^i\ uy.:^. ^V^^\J\J'\J^^^J\^:U^ /W^i^ w w '-^: v.; o y ^ ^ v/ V y ^^^ -^ ■, ';v!;>^w^^^ ',^\^bt '^^W^^^^'^'^^^^^ I"^ ^y^Uy\Xy^iV: /LL ^ibraro of tlje ^luscum COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, AT HARVARD COllECE, CAMBRIDGE, 5I.\SS. The gift of t:^e.c>iL£oo^JM ^£(jdJjl No. iri'i^, --tp > ,'X, iMOAU-h ;'si?il' ^ /pUTUXjOLM/- "3 ,/%9k ^. / BULLETIN NO. 3 OF THE Illinois State Museum OF NATURAL HISTORY. Description of Some New Species of Invertebrates FROM the Palaeozoic Eocks of Illinois and Adjacent States By S. a. miller and \Vm. F. E. GURLEY. Springfield, Illinois. December 1, 1893. SPRINGFIELD. ILL. H. W. RoKKEK. State Pointer and Bindeb. 1894. FEB « 1894 BULLETIN NO. 3 OP THE Illinois State Museum With Compliments of Prof. WM. F. E. GURLEY, Curator of the State Museum, SPRING-FIELD, ILLINOIS, U. S. A. Sprlngfield, Illinois, December 1, 1893. SPRINGFIELD, ILL. H. W. RoKKER. State Pbinteb and Binder, 1893. FEB « 1894 BULLETIN NO. 3 OP THE Illinois State Museum OP NATURAL HISTORY. Description of Some New Species of Invertebrates PROM the Palaeozoic Rocks of Illinois and Adjacent States By S. a. miller and Wm. F. E. GURLEY. Springfield, Illinois, December 1, 1893. SPRINGFIELD, ILL. H. W. ROKKEK. State Peinteb and Bindeb. 1893. ILLINOIS STATE MUSEUM OF Natural History, SPRINGFIELD. ILLINOIS. Board of Trustees. John P. Altgeld, Governor. William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State. Henry Raab, Superintendent Public Instruction. George Walter Murray, Secretary. William F. E. Gurley, State Geologist and Curator. SUBKINGDOM ECHINODERMATA. CLASS ECHINIDA. ORDER PERISCHOECHINIDA. FAMILY PALAECHINID.E, MELONITES INDIANENSIS, 11. sp. Plate I, Fig. 1, apical view. Our specimen is injured, iu a few jilaces, thoua'b it is not easy to trace the outlines of the plates in the anibulacral depres- sions, and hence they are not distiuouished in the illustration. The central basal part is destroyed and the oral plates are o'one. The form is strikingly melon-like, notwithstanding the depres- sions at the poles. The vertical height is two and fifteen- hundreths inches, and the transverse diameter is two and sixty- five-hundredths inches. The surface of the plates is covered with tubercles that formed the bases of spines. And some of the spines may be seen scattered over parts of the anibulacral depressions. The spines are minute, elongate, tapering, cylin- drical in section, swollen a little at the basal extremity, and about one-tenth of an inch in length. The interambulacral areas are lance-elliptical in outline, ab- ruptly elevated from the anibulacral depressions, sharply rounded at the apical pole, more gently rounded toward the middle, while the middle part is only slightly convex. There are six ranges of plates at the middle part, a little higher only five, a little higher only four, and then there are only three, which grow smaller and terminate each interambulacral area by abutting a genital plate. There are from twenty to thirty tubercles on the larger plates. 6 Ambulacral areas as wide in the middle part, and wider toward the poles than the interambulacral areas, and separated in each ambulacral field the entire length by a sharply defined ridge elevated as high as the interambulacral areas. The plates are smaller and more irregular in the ambulacral depressions than elsewhere. The ambulacral pores are circular, two in each plate, and form four irregular ranges of pairs in each depres- sion. Wiien the two depressions, in each ambulacral area, unite near the ocular plate there are five or six rows of pores. The small plates are pierced with the ambulacral pores until they actually' abut upon the little ocular plates. Three pores are clearly distinguishable, in some of the genital plates, with an ordinary magnifier, and there are some evidences of other pores that have been closed or filled up. There are no pores in the ocular plates. The plates abutting the oral open- ing are angular and preserve the articulating edges of the oral plates. Found in the St. Louis Group, at Greenville, Harrison county, Indiana, and now in the collection of \\ m. F. E. Gurley. OLIGOPORUS BLAIRI, n. sp. Plate I, Fig. 'J, the upper part of a specimen, somewhat crushed, and preserving none of the apical plates; Fig. G, a smaller specimen, crushed so as to show only part oi the ambulacral pores; Plate II, Fig. 7, the middle part of a much larger and flattened specimen. The three specimens enable us to ascertain most of the exter- nal characters of this species, excepting the apical and basal plates, none of which are preserved. If they all belong to the same species, as we think, then they show great differences in the size of the plates and in the number longitudinally, without mcrease in the number of ranges, in either the ambulacra! or interambulacral areas. In other words, if the tiiree specimens belong to the same species, the plates increase, in size, with the growth, by accretion laterally, without intercalation of plates, but increase longitudinally by the intercalation of plates, and very little by accretion. We would not be understood as affirm- ing- positively that this is tlie law governino; the growth of this species, for if so, it would, probably, be the law in the growth of all species in this genus, and also in the family. AVe have not enough evidence in the three specimens before us, injured as they are, to positively affirm that they belong to the same species, but we think the weight of the evidence is in that direc- tion, and hence we suggest the probability of the method of growth, the correctness of which will be determined by the ex- amination of other specimens. The interambulacral areas are lance-elliptical, in outline, mod- erately and evenly convex from one ambulacral depression to another. There are six ranges of plates at the middle part. The plates where well preserved, are covered with tubercles that ap- pear to have been the bases of spines, though none of the spines are preserved on our specimens. The ambulacral areas are about half as wide, in the middle part, as the iiiterambulacral areas, and of almost uniform width throughout their length, tapering very slowly as they approach the summit and ocular plates. They are separated in each am- bulacral field, by a sharply defined ridge elevated higher than the interambulacral areas. The plates are short and small in the ambulacral depressions and each one is pierced with a pair of circular pores. There are two ranges of these ambulacral pores in each depression throughout the length without the addition or intercalation of any plates or pores. This species is distinguished from O. danie, by the fact, that there are only six instead of eight ranges of plates in each in- terambulacral area. Found in the Keokuk Group, at Boouville, Missouri, and now in the collection of both authors. OLIGOPORUS BELLULUS, n. Sp. Plate I, Fig. S. part of the ripper half of a crushed specimen. The surface of the plates, in our specimen, is covered with tubercles, that formed the bases of spines, and some of the spines are scattered over parts of the ambulacral depressions. The spines are minute, elongated, tapering, cylindrical in section, swollen a little at the basal extremity, and about one-tenth of 8 an incli in lenpjth. Oral, genital and ocular plates unknown. Tlio form of our frag'nient indicates a length greater than the diameter, but as this is different from the form of all other species, it cannot be asserted any stronger Mian the appearance shown by the illustration. The interambulacral areas are elongate-lance-elliptical, in out- line, and moderately convex transversely. There are only four ranges of plates at the middle part, and they extend almost to the summit, where one terminates, and tiie other three continue to the genital plates. The ambulacral areas are nearly as wide in the middle part, as the interambulacral areas, and they are of almost uniform width throughout their length, slowly tapering as they approach the summit and ocular plates. They are separated in each am- bulacral field by a sharply defined ridge, elevated higher than ' the interambulacral areas. The plates are short and small in the ambulacral depressions and each one is pierced with a pair of circular pores. There are two ranges of these ambulacral pores in each depression throughout the length, without the ad- dition or intercalation of any plates or pores. This species is distinguished from all others by its general form and by having only four ranges of plates in the interam- bulacral areas. Found in the Keokuk Group, at Boonville, Missouri, and now in the collection of Wm. F. K. Gurley. oLiGOPORUS suIjCATus, n. sp. Plate I., Fii^. 4, basal view; Fig. 5. apical view. Our specimen with the exception of the loss of a few plates is quite complete. It is silieified and not compressed in any direc- tion, most of the sutures are more or less destroyed, but the outlines of some of the plates are preserved, and where the plates are broken wholly away, the cast shows the bases of the plates distinctly. The lower half has more of the plates broken away and shows the jjorcs of the ambulacral areas better than the other half. The mouth, ocular, genital and anal plates are not ])ieserved, with the exception of one ocular and two genital plates, that may be distinguished. 9 The form is strono;ly melon-like. The vertical height is two and two-tenths inches, and the transverse diameter two and six-tenths inches. The silicification destroj'ed the tubercles and all evidence of spmes. The interambulacral areas are somewhat lance-elliptical, in outline, abruptly elevated from the ambulacral depressions, sharplj' rounded at the apical pole, and broadly rounded near the basal extremity, and flattened on the outer face, throughout the whole length. There are seven ranges of plates at the mid- dle part, including the two that dip down into the ambulacral depressions on the sides, or five occupy the flattened surface on top. One of the middle ranges is short, another soon gives way to the narrowing of the area, and while five reach near the basal extremity, only three extend toward the apical end to unite with a genital plate. Ambulacral areas only half as wide, in the middle part, as the interambulacral areas, and of almost uniform width throughout their entire length, tapering only slightly as they approach the summit and ocular plates. They are separated in each ambu- lacral field by a sharply defined ridge, elevated as high or rather above the interambulacral areas. The plates are very small in the ambulacral depressions and each one is pierced with a pair of circular pores. There are two ranges of these ambulacral pores in each depression throughout the entire length, and, in the middle part, there seem to be additional pores, but their extent is not exactly determined. This species will be readily distinguished from Melonites in- dianensis, by the flattened interambulacral areas, and from it and all other described species, in that genus, by the narrow ambulacral areas, with almost uniform width, and by the two ranges of pores in each depression. We do not know the plates that cover the summit or tlie base of either Melonites or Oliffo- porus. Notwithstanding, Prof. Hambach (Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci. Vol. IV. p. 549) has examined over 500 specimens of Melonites nuiltiporus, and described new species of Melonites and Oligoporus, these important plates remain unknown. It is wholly unnecessarj^ to compare this species with any other in the genus, because it is not only from a different group of rocks, but it is widely different in form from all of them. -2 G. 10 Found in the St. Ijouis Group, in Hardin county, Kentucky, and now in the private collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. CLASS CRINOIDEA. ORDER PALAEOCRINOIDEA. FAMILY ACTINOCRINID^. ACTINOCRINUS GIBSONI, n. Sp. Plate 2, fig. 1, dorsal, or opposite view from the azjgous side. Species very robust : column, calyx, and arras ]ara;e. Our speci- men is compressed, but evidently the calyx is quite as lon^ as wide, deeply sculptured, plates thick, and interradial areas rather small. Proboscis unknown, but another specimen, prob- ably belonaiug to this species, has a moderately louo- proboscis curved to one side toward the top, and is covered with tumid plates like an Eretniocrinus. Column composed of thicker and thinner plates, the former projecting beyond the latter. Basals one half wider than high, very thick, contracted in the middle so as to leave an expanded rim projecting much beyond the column and widely gaping at the sutures in tlie rim, the excavation being almost triangular and extending nearly to the radial plates; upper part of the plates having three short, longi- tudinal ridges that fade away before reaching half the length of the plates. First primary radials very large, nearly half as long as the calyx, one-third longer than wide, three hexagonal, two hep- tagonal ; the surface is marked with a strong transverse tubercle in the middle part, from which the heptagonal plates have two radiating ridges extending to each of the adjoining baaals and one toward each of the other adjoining plates; and the hexag- onal plates have three ridges extending to the single al)utting basal and one toward each of the other adjoining plates; each plate also bears a small, round tubercle above the transverse one. Second primary radials less than half the size of the first; hexagonal superior sloping sides shorter than the inferior; sur- face ornamented with a high pointed tubercle and a rounded radiating ridge directed toward each adjoining plate. Third prinmry radials smaller than the second; heptagonal, orna- mented in the same way that the second are, and bearing upon 11 each upper sloping side a single secondary radial. The second- ary radials are quite small and thin, and each one bears three or more short tertiary radials before the arms become free. Most of the arms bifurcate almost immediately^ after becoming free, and again at irregular distances from the calyx. The ray on the left of the specimen illustrated preserves nine arms near the calyx, and probably the lower one bifurcated at the place at which it is broken off, and two of the arms are preserved above another division. The ray on the right of tlie illu.stra- tiou, though not so well preserved, appears to have had the same number of arms. The central ray, however, appears to have had only six arms, near the calyx, and only one of these is preserved far enough to show a second bifurcation. The probability is that a complete specimen would have from forty- six to fifty arms, near the calyx, and a number of bifurcations above. The arms are exceedingly long and of uniform size, each branch being about as large as the ai'ui below the bifurcation. They are composed of a double series of very short interlocking plates bearing dense pinnules. First regular interradial hexagonal smaller than a second primary radial, followed by two smaller plates in the second series, and three smaller ones in the third, that unite with the plated of the vault. Surface of the interradials ornamented the same as the second and third primary radials. Azygous plates unknown. This species is remarkable in the number and structure of the arms, and the surface ornamenta.tion of the calyx will also serve to distinguish it. Possibly this species belongs to Eretmocrinus, though the arms are those of Actinocrinus. Named in honor of William Gibson, of Belpre, Kansas, to whom science is indebted for the discovery of many interesting fossils. Found in the Keokuk Group, on Indian creek, near Crawfords- ville, Indiana, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. ACTINOCRINUS AUGU8TATUS, U. Sp. Flate XII, Figs. 8 ana 8a, Vol. VIII, Geo. Sur. 111., and described on page 97 of the same volume, as Actinocrinus lobatus. Hall. Body large. Calyx somewhat obpyramidal, longer than wide; radial ridges moderately protuberant; interradial areas small, 12 somewhat flattened and elischtly depressed ; plates thin ; surface ornamented with low radial ridges, which commence on the first radial and extend to the tei'tiarv radials, and witli short radi- ating ridges from tlie center of each j)late to eaeli adjoining plate, while the interradials bear a central node with a low radi- ating ridge to each adjoining plate. Dome conical and slowly diminishing into a largo ventral tube composed of tumid and strongly protuberant plates. Basals three, pentagonal, about as large as the first radials, and forming a cup, half as high as wide, slightly constricted in the middle, so as to form a rounded rim, on the lower half, tliat projects a little beyond a rather large column; surface smooth, not sculptured. First primary radials large, length and breadth subequal, hex- agonal and heptagonal. Second primary radials about half as large as the first, hexagonal and having the superior sloping sides -shorter than the inferior sloping sides, (Fig. 8 is not ex- actly correct, in this respect, the artist having followed an ink Hue instead of the suture). Third primary radials smaller than the second, heptagonal and bearing upon each upper sloping side a single secondary radial. Each secondary radial supports on each upper sloping side three or four tertiary radials, one of which in each series is axillary on the third plate, from which two arms arise, which gives six arms to each radial series, so far as they are preserved in tlie two specimens illustrated, by figs. 8 and 8 a, or thirty arms in the species. The arms are composed of a double series of interlocking plates and thej fre- quently bifurcate. One tertiary series illustrated in fig. 8 a shows eight arms witliin an inch of the calyx, and if the other arms bifurcate in like manner, tliere are eighty arms within an inch of the calyx, and, judging from appearances, there are numerous bifurcations above those sliown in the specimen. First interradial hexagonal, smaller than a second primary radial, followed by two smaller plates, in the second series, three smaller ones in the third series, and three smaller ones in the foui'th scries, tliat unite with the plates of the vault. The first azygous plate is smaller than a first primary radial, it is followed by two plates in the second series, three in the third, and four in the fourth, above which the plates are not determined. 13 This species is remarkable for the great height of the vault and large proboscis, in proportion to the size of the calyx. It is also remarkable for the number of arms and their bifurcations. Found in the Keokuk Group, in Greene county, Illinois, and now in the Illinois State Museum and numbered 2594. Actinocriaus lohatus was descril)ed by Hall, in 1859, in his Supplement to the Geology of Iowa, page 51, without an illus- tration. It has never been illustrated, and we are not sure that we have ever seen a specimen of it. The vault is described as "irregularly convex above," while this species is remarkable for its conical vault and extremely large proboscis. The calyx is described as "distinctly divided into lobes by the depression of the interbrachial and anal spaces," which is not the case in this species. That species could not "have had more than twenty- five arms," while this species has not less than thirty. That species has four regular interradials in the fourth range, while this species has only three. The surface of the plates, in that species is traversed by "sharp ridges," in this species the ridges are low and broadly rounded. The nodes on the radial series, in that species are transverse, in this species they are longi- tudinal. The ridges "from the first radials to the basal plates are four," in that species, in this species there is only one; those from one first radial plate to the other in that species are two, in this species only one; those from the first radial to the sec- ond, in that species are two, in this species there is only one. Hall compared that species, with Actinocrinus lowei, from which he distinguished it in a few minor particulars, but this species is so far removed from A. lowei in every important particailar, that no one would think of comparing the two. There are no two species of Actiuocrinus farther removed from A. lowei and A. lohatus, than the one here under consideration, and we are quite at a loss to understand why the late distinguished pala;- outologist. Prof. Worthen, should have thought of identifying this species with either one of them. The mistake may have been overlooked because he died before the publication of the work. 14 ACTINOCRlNtJS ERRATICU8, 11. sp. Plate II, Fig. 2, view opposite the azygous side; Fig. S, azygous view. Body medium size. Calyx very little larger than the dome, somewhat obpyramidal, the radial series being slightly more prominent than the interradials, diameter one-half greater than the height; plates thitk, tumid and sculptured. Dome elevated at the arm openings, subpyramidal, being most prominent in the direction of the radical series and covered with tumid and spinous plates. Proboscis central. Basals short, more than three times as wide as high, project- ing beyond the column, in the form of a small rim, separated at the sutures, so as to have a somewhat hexagonal outline; sculptured longitudinallj^ so as to show a short ridge directed toward each adjoining plate. First primary radials the larger plates of the bods% nearly as long as wide, very tumid transversely and having a short ridge directed toward each adjoining plate. Second primary radials a little smaller than the first, wider than long, transversely tumid and having a short ridge directed toward each adjoining plate. Third primary radials about as large as the second, much wider than high, transversely tumid, having radial ridges, and bearing upon each upper sloping side a single secondary radial, which, in turn, supports upon each upper sloping side two tertiary radials. There are twenty arm openings to the vault. First regular interradials of the same size as the second pri- mary radials; each one bears a strong central tubercle with a radiating ridge directed toward each adjoining plate; it is fol- lowed by two smaller plates, each of which bears a central tubercle; these are followed by two still smaller plates, each bearing a central tubercle, and these are followed by a single non-tuberculated plate within the interradial aiea proper, making six plates in the area. The last one, however, is fol- lowed by a long narrow plate, that separates the tertiary radials and unites with the plates of the vault. There are eight plates in the azygous area. The first one is in lino with the first radials, and of the same size; it is equally as tumid and sculptured in the same manner; it is followed by 15 two plates of the same size as the second primary radials or first rep^ular interradials, and each one bears a stronp; central tubercle, with a radiating ridge directed toward each adjoining plate. These are followed by three smaller plates, each of which bears a central tubercle with radiating ridges toward the plates below. These are followed by two small non-tuberculated plates, which terminate the azygous area proper, though two or three small, elongated plates separate the tertiary radials and connect with the plates of the vault. This species has the general aspect of A. proboscirJialis. The radial series, however, are more prominent and the interradial and azygous areas larger, and each contains twice as many plates. It is quite as far removed from A. dalyamis, in the structure of the interradial areas, and in the surface ornamenta- tion. It was found in tlie Drift, at Danville, Illinois, but no doubt belongs to rocks of the age of the Burlington Group, imme- diately north of Danville, and which are covered by the Drift. The type is in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. ACTINOCRINUS ARROSUS, n. Sp. Plate II, Fiff. ■/, side view of a calyx, somewhat flattened. Specimen medium size. Calyx with a flanging base abruptly truncated below, and rapidly expanding tertiary radials. Length and breadth nearly equal; plates tumid and sculptured. Vault, proboscis and arms unknown. Basals short, about half as high as wide, sharply flanged be- low so us to make a broad, flat base with deep notches at the basal sutures. The plates are longitudinally furrowed, so as to further interrupt the flange and give it additional notches. First primary radials the larger plates of the body, as long- as wide, very tumid and protuberant, and having a small ridge directed toward each adjoining plate. Second primary radials about half as large as the first, nearly as long as wide, though unequal in size and shape; two are quadrangular, two pentago- nal and one hexagonal; they are tumid and have a small i-idge directed toward each adjoining plate. Third primaiy radials of unequal size and 8ha])e, some larger than the second radials and 16 others mucli smaller; thej are pentagonal, hexagonal and hep- tagonal; thej are tumid, have radial ridges, and bear upon each upper slojiing side a single secondary radial, which in turn sup- ports upon each upper sloping side two teitiary radials. There are twenty arm openings to the vault. First regular interradials larger than the second primary radials, very tumid and bearing a small radiating ridge directed toward each adjoining plate; it is followed by two much smaller plates, each of which bears a central tubercle, with a radiating ridge directed toward each adjoining plate; these are followed by a single plate that separates the secondary radials. The tertiary radials come together, and hence there are only four plates in any regular interradial area. There are only four plates in the az^^gous area. The first one is in line with the first radials, fully as large and rather longer, quite as tumid and sculptured in the same manner. It is fol- lowed b}' two plates that are nearly as long as the second and third primary radials together, each one bears a very strong central tubercle with a radiating ridge directed toward each ad- joining plate. These are followed by a single plate that bears a central tubercle and separates the secondary radials. The tertiary radials come together. One side of our specimen is longer than the other and the in- equalities in the plates might be ascribed to that and the whole ci-edlted to an abnormal specimen belonging to some other species. The fact that the tertiary radials unite at the base ol the arms would lead one to think that it is a Batocrinus, but below that pai-t it has the characters of an Actinocriiius. We do not know of any species with which it should be compared. Found in the Burlington Group, at Burlington, Iowa, and now in the collection. of Wni. F. E. Gurley. ACTINOCRiNUS PLAGOSUS n. Sp. Plate II, I'ig. •", a'/.y^ouf! skh rien^ of cnlyx; Fiff. C>, crushed speciiiipii, sliowing the arms. Speci(>s medium or below medium size. Calyx obconoidal, moderately truncated below, wider than high; plates thin, sur- face ornamented with 'delicate radiating ridges or mere stripes that Bhow slight sculpturing. Vault and proboscis unknown. 17 . Basals short, twice as wide as hij^h, standing upright and longitudinally marked with three or four delicate stripes. First primary radials the larger plates of the body, as long as wide, slightly convex, and bearing a delicate ridge directed toward each adjoining plate. Second primary radials, less than half as large as the first, hexagonal, and ornamented with deli- cate ridges. Third primary radials about as large as the second, pentagonal and hexagonal, ornamented with delicate radial ridges and bearing upon each upper sloping side a single second- ary radial, which, in turn, supports upon each upper sloping side two tertiary radials. There are twenty arm openings to the vault. Eegular interradials six. First one smaller than a second primary" radial, it is followed by two smaller plates and these by two still smaller ones and these by a single plate, above which a long narrow plate unites with the plates of the vault. There are ten plates in the azygous area. The first one is in line with the first primary radials and of the same size and sculptured in the same manner; it is followed b.y two plates of about the size of the second radials, and these are followed by four smaller plates, and these by two plates and these by a single plate that unites with an elongated plate that connects with the plates of the vault. The arms are very long and comparatively coarse and com- posed of a double series of interlocking plates. Pinnules dense. Distinguished by the delicate sculpturing and number of inter- radial and azygous plates. Found in the Burlington Group, at Burlington, Iowa, and CORRIGENDA. Page 17. 7th line from bottom, Ekiotmoori.nus lyonaniis should read EitETMOcuiNus c.vssedavanus. Page 18. ir>th and 16th lines from bottom should read S. A. Casseday instead of S. S Lyon. Plate III. Fig. 1 should read Eretmocrinus casseday- ANUS instead of Eretmocrinus lyonanus. 18 radials are longer than wide and the larger plates of the calyx. The second primary radials are small, leaving comparatively wide interradial areas. The secondary and tertiary radials are short. Some of the arms are well preserved and others torn into pieces. There are, as it appears, twenty very long, compound, ponderous arms, remarkable for their expansion, in the upper part. There are also twenty arm openings to the calyx. There are three single, short plates in the commencement of each arm; these are followed by a double series of interlocking plates that are deeper than wide, making the arm in the lower part deeper than wide. The arms gradually widen externally until they are about four times as wide as deep. In the lower part of the arms the arm furrows are shallow and the arms are twice as deep as wide, they do not increase, in depth, in the upward ex- tension, even where they are four times as wide as deep. This species is distinguished from all others by the thin, smooth, slightly convex plates of the calyx and by the re- markably heavy arms. Found in the upper layers of the Burling^on Group, near Burlington, Iowa, and now in the State Museum, at Snringfield, Illinois. The specific name is in honor of one of the founders of the genus, the late distinguished palfeontologist, Sidney S. Lyon, of Jeffersonville, Indiana. BATOCRINUS LYON ANUS, n. Sp. Plate III, Fig. 4, vieir opposite the azygous area; Fig. o, basal view. Bodj'^ above medium size. Calyx basin shaped, and spreading horizontally from the secondary radials; two and a half times as wide as high; plates thick, angular; sutures beveled; arm openings directed horizontally. Vault conical, nearly as large as the calyx, covered with polygonal, tuniiil plates and having a large subcentral proboscis. Basa's short, more than three times as wide as high and ex- cavated below, so the concavity has a depth greater than the external height of the plates. First primary radials one and a half times as wide as high. Second jji-iniary radials (juad- rangular, half as large as the first, and only a little wider than 19 high. Third. primary radials a Httle larger than the second and bearing upon the upper sloping sides the secondary radials. There are two secondary radials in each of three radial series, the second one being about twice as large as the first and bearing upon each upper sloping side three tertiary radials, thus giving to each of these three radial series four ai'ms. The radial series on the left of the azygous area has one-half of it constructed in the same manner; the other half, being the one most distant from the area, possesses no tertiary radials, but has four sec- ondary radials, and, therefore, in this series, there are only three arms. The radial series opposite the azygous area has no tertiary radials, but it has four secondary radials on each of the upper sloping sides of the third primary radials, and, therefore, there are only two arms in this series. The species has only seventeen arm openina'S to the calyx. In each regular interradial area there are three plates, the first of which are the larger plates of the calyx, and each one has eight sides. It rests between the upper sloping sides of the first primary radials and the second and third primary radials abut it on each side, and it supports, on top, the other two interradials. The upper interradials are never of equal size; they are situated between the first secondaiy radials and below the tertiaiy radials. The azygous area is subovate in form, and contains six plates. The first one is in line with the first primary radials and of the same size. It is followed by three plates, that differ but little in size, and these are followed by two plates, in the third range, that are situated between the second secondary and first tertiary plates, and thus extend a little higher than the plates do, in the regular interradial areas. In Batocrinus facetus the three armed series is on the right of the azygous sjde, in this it is on the left. In that species, there are four regular interradials and eleven azygous plates, in this species, there are three regular interradials and six azygous plates. It is a marked species that cannot be mis- taken for any other one. Found in the St. Louis Group, in Hardin county, Kentucky, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. The specific name is in honor of the late Sidney S. Lj'on, who did so much valuable work in this family of crinoids. 20 BATO0RINU8 ALTIUSCULUS, n. Sp. Plate V, I'ig. J, side view, azygous area on the right; tig. ^, azygous view; Fig. S, summit view of tlie same speci- men, part of the top being broken away. Body large, above the medium size. Calyx long, somewhat bell-shaped, very slowly and somewhat evenly expanded from the base to the second radials and then spreading horizontally; nearly as high as wide; arm openings directed horizontally; plates convex; sutures depressed; surface smooth or finely granu- lar. Basals form a subcylindrical cup nearly as high as wide, truncated and round at the base, with a round facet for the attachment of the column deeply impressed, and about two- thirds of the diameter of the base. The columnar canal is large and pentagonal. A little above the truncated base there is a high transverse ridge across each plate, that is broken at the sutures, giving to this band when viewed from below a sub- hexagonal outline. Above the band the basals slowly expand. First radials longer than wide, nearly as large as the basals, lower third most convex, three hexagonal, two heptagonal, and rising almost vertically from the basals. If the usual quadran- gular second radials exist, in this species, they are auchylosed with the third radials, in our specimen, so as to form single pentagonal plates about one-third as large as the first radials, axillary, and bearing upon each upper sloping side two secondary radials, the second being larger than the first. The second secondary radials are axillary a.nd bear two or three tertiary radials upon each superior sloping side, which gives to the species twenty arm openings to the vault. Regular interradials, two in each area, one above the other, the second one less than half as large as the first, and situated between the secondary radials. There are seven plates in the azygous area. The first one is in line with the first primary i-adials and of about the same size, being slightly narrower and a littk; longer. It is followed by a range of three plates, each of which is about one-third as large as the first. There are three small plates in the third range, below the tertiary radials, in the adjoining radial series. 21 Vault elevated over the arm openings, convex and having, comparatively, a small subcentral proboscis. It is composed of very irregular, polygonal, tumid plates, without any apparent order as to size or arrangement. The proboscis is broken off so its length is not ascertained. This species bears most resemblance to B. cbristyi, from which it is distinguished by the longer form of the calyx, longer basals, longer and more convex first radials, shorter second and third radials (if this species possesses the second quadrangular plate) more elevated vault over the arm openings, less convex beyond, smaller proboscis, and more tumid plates. Indeed ver3' slight observation will distinguish the two species. Found by the laborious naturalist and indefatigable collector, R. A. Blair, of Sedalia, Missouri, in the upper part of the Bur- lington Group near Blackwater Station, a few miles west of Booneville, in that State, and with his usual generosity presented to one of the authors — S. A. Miller. BATOCRINUS ASPRATlL :S, U. sp. Plate V, F'ig. 4, azygous view; Fig. -1, lateral view; Fig. 0, summit view. Body of our specimen unsymmetrical, one side larger than the other, which may or may not be abnormal. The species is of medium size and the vault is nearly as large as the calj'x. Calyx broadly truncated at the base and very rapidly expand- ing in the upper part; about half as wide as high; arm open- ings directed horizontally; plates highly convex; sutures distinct; surface granular. Basals thick and form a low subhexagonal cup, about three times as wide as high, with a round, deep columnar depression, having a concave, i adiately furrowed bottom, for the attachment of the column. The base is about two and a half times as wide as the diameter of the column. The basal plates stand nearly upright; they are flattened, in the central part, and beveled towai'd the sutures, which makes the cup hexagonal. First radials smaller than the basals, of unequal size, and about twice as wide as high, three hexagonal, two heptagonal, and directed at an angle of about thirty degrees from the basals. Each one is trans- versely, highly conyex, the elevation being obtusely angular. 22 Second radials quadrangular aud very short, beino; from tliree to six times as wide as long. Third radials pentagonal, twice as wide as high, convex in the central part, axillary, and bear- ing upon each upper sloping side two sscondary radials. The second secondary radial is larger and much wider than the first, axillary, and bears upon each upper sloping side two or three tertiary radials. Ou one side of our specimen, there are on\y two tertiary radials, in each series, aud on the other side there are three, in each series, which makes one side of the calyx larger than the other. The proximate ray on each side of tne azygous area has an axillary tertiary radial so that each of these rays has five arm openings to the vault. Tliis gives to the species twenty-two arm openings to the vault. There is only one regular interradial in each area, which is a large, tumid, oouspicuous plate. There are five azygous plates. The first one is in line with the first radials and of nearly the same size and (juite as tumid. There are three plates in the sec- ond range, the middle one being a short quadrangular plate, twice as wide as long, the lateral ones being comparatively large, tumid plates. There is only one plate in the third range, which is nearly as large as the first aud very tumid. The azygous area is slightly wider than high, or nearly square in outline, with a fiat, wide, quadrangular plate, in the center, surrounded b3' four tumid jjlates occupying the angles of the square. Vault somewhat elevated over the arm openings, convex toward the central part and having a subcentral proboscis. It is com- posed of irregular, polygonal, tumid plates arranged, m some order, as five quite tumid plates, half way from the margin to the center, are in line with the primary radial series. The pro- boscis beiug broken off, and the length is unknown. This species is so different from all others having twenty-two arms, that it is unnecessary to make a comparison witli an}- of them for the purpose of distinguishing it. The single, regular interradial and the arrangement of the five azj'gous plates, with their peculiar shape and convexity will alone distinguish it from all other described species. Found by R. A. Blair, in the Burlington Group, at Sedalia, Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller. 23 BATOCRINUS SCYPHtiS, n. Sp. Plate Y, Fig. 7, azygous view; Fig. S, lateral view; Fig. 0, summit view. Body medium size. Calyx bowl shaped, rounded at tlie base and very gradually expanding to the summit; about one-third wider than high; arm openings within the upper margin of the summit and directed upward; plates thin, plain, not convex; sutures not very distinct; surface smooth or granular. Basals very low, curving into the columnar cavity and upward about as high as the depth of the cavity. First radials the larger plates of the body, wider than high, gradually expanding, three hexagonal, two heptagonal. Second radials quadrangular, about twice as wide as high. Third radials short, twice as wide as high, pentagonal, axillary, and bearing upon each upper sloping side two secondary radials. The second secondai-y radials are axillary, lai-ger and wider than the first, and bear upon each upper sloping side, in four of the radial series, two tertiary radials; but in the ray opposite the azygous area, there is only one tertiary radial, in each series, one of which is smaller than the other. There are, therefore, twenty arm openings to the vault, but two of the openings opposite the azygous area are smaller than the others, and, hence, it would appear, that the arms are not of equal size; probably sixteen or eighteen are uniform, and the other two oi- four, as the case may be, are smaller or have fewer divisions. The arms themselves are wholly unknown, and the facet for their articulation is very obscui-e, in our specimen. They must have been very small and peculiarly constructed, with an extraordinai-y covering of the arm furrows, if we may be allowed to judge fi'om the appearance of the orifices. There is only one regulai- interi'adial plate in each area; it is nearly as large as the second and third radials together, or about half as large as a first radial. The azygous area is large and contains seven plates. The first one is in line with the first radials and rather longer; it is followed by three plates, the middle one of which is the larger and about the size of a regu- lar interradial, and this range is followed by three rather large plates in the third range. 24 Vault depressed convex with a very small, short, subcentral proboscis. It is covered with irregular, polygonal, gently convex plates. The proboscis seems to be complete, except the covering, in our specimen, though it is possible small plates may have been broken from the top of it. It is evident it could not have been much higher. This species agrees with Batocrinus in the plates of the calyx, but differs in all other respects from all described species. Tlie arm openings and proboscis are peculiar and different from those in any other known species. Found by R. A. Blair, in the Burlington Group, at Sedalia, Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller. BATOCRINUS LAETUS, n. sp. Plate V, Fig. 10, view opposite the azygoun area: Fig. 11, azygous side view: Fig. 12, summit of same specimen. Body medium size. Calyx obconoidal, truncated at the base, a little less than twice as wide as high, arm openings directed horizontally; plates thick, very highly convex, the convexity generally angular; sutures distinct; surface granular. Basals moderately thick, and form a low, hexagonal cup, twice as wide as high, with a round deep columnar depression, having a concave, radially furrowed bottom, for the attachment of the column. The base is about twice as wide as the diameter of the column. The basal plates stand upright; they are flattened in the centra] part, and beveled toward the sutures, which makes the cu]) hexagonal. It will be observed, that the basals form a cup like that of B. aspmtilis, except the plates are somewhat thinner. First radials longer than the basals, but somewhat shorter and of unequal size; they are, however, wider than long, three hexagonal and two heptagonal, with the superior sides slightly arcuate. Each one is transversely, highly convex, the elevation being obtusely angular. Second radiajs quadrangular, and about three times as wide as high. Tliird radials pentagonal, twice as wide as high, convex in th(; central ])art, axillary, and bearing upon each upi)er sloping side two secondary radials. The second secondary radials are only a little larger than the first, axillary, and bear upon each upper sloping side two ter- tiary radials. The proxiinate ray on each side of the azygous 25 area has an axillary, tertiary radial, so tliat each of these rays has five arm opening's to the vault. This , gives to the species twenty-two arm openings to the vault. There are two regular interradials in each area; the first one is very tumid, and about as large as the second and third pri- mary radials together; the second one is about one-third as large as the first and quite convex. The azygous area is about as wide as high and contains six plates. The first one is in line with the first radials and fully as large and tumid. It is followed by three plates, in the second range, and two in the third, all of which are tumid and subequal in size. Vault elevated, above the arm openings, and gently convex, toward the central part, and bearing a coarse, central proboscis. It is composed of irregular, polygonal, subspinous plates, ar. ranged, so far as discovered, without order, in respect to the different radial areas. The proboscis commences, at the base, with a very lar<;e, transversely tumid plate, opposite the azygous side. The length of the proboscis is unknown. This species is so different from all others bearing twenty -two arms, that no comparison is necessary to distinguish it. Found by K. A. Blair, in the Burlington Group, at Sedalia, Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller. BATOCRINUS .GQUABILIS, n. sp. Plate V, Fig. 13, azygous view; Fig. 14, view opposite the azygous side; Fig. 15, summit of same specimen. Calyx and vault somewhat equal in dimensions and together, somewhat wheel-shaped. Eather below the medium size. Calyx broadly truncated at the base, gently expanding to the top of the primary radials and thert abruptly spreading horizontally to the free arms ; more than twice as wide as high ; arm open- ings directed horizontally; plates thick, highly convex on the lower part, but much less so above; sutures moderately dis- tinct; surface graiiular. Basals thick and form a low, hexagonal cup, about three times as wide as high, with a round, shallow, columnar depression, having a concave radiately furrowed bottom for the attachment of the column. The base is full twice as wide as the diameter -4 a. 26 of the column. The basal plates stand upright, they are flat- tened in the central part, and beveled toward the sutures, which makes the cup hexagonal. It will be noticed that the basals form a cup similar to that of B. aspratiUs, except having a shallow, instead of a deep columnar cavity. First radials some- what smaller than the basals, wider than long, three hexagonal, two heptagonal. Each one is transversely tumid. Second radials quadrangular and, at least, four times as wide as high, third radials pentagonal, very short, four times as wide as high and bearing upon each upper sloping side two secondary radials. The second secondary radials are much wider than the first, axillary, and bear upon each upper sloping side two tertiary radials. There are twenty arm openings to the vault. There is only one regular interradial in each area, and it is a large tumid plate. The azygous area is fully as wide as long and contains four plates. The, first one is in line with the first radials, rather larger and more tumid. There are three plates in the second range, the middle one being about as large as the other two together. Vault moderately elevated over the arm openings and quite convex toward the central part. It bears a rather large, sub- central proboscis, the length of which is unknown. The vault is composed of irregulai' polygonal, subspinous plates, arranged, so far as discovered, without order, in respect to the radial areas. The proboscis commences at the base, opposite the azj^- gous side, with a very large, transversely tumid angular plate. This species is so different from all other trochiform species and from all others bearing twenty arms, that no comparison is necessary to distinguish it. Found by R. A. Blair, in the Burlington Group, at Sedalia, Missouri, and now in tlie collection of S. A. Miller. STROTOCRINUS VENUSTUS, U. Sp. Plate VI, Fig: 7, side and basal view of the caljx. Calyx medium size, urn shaped, below tiie tertiary radials, from which place it abruptly spreads horizontally. Surface deeply sculptured. Column round and perforated by a rather large subpentagonal canal. Basals low, thick, deeply sculptured, notched at the suture lines, hexagonal in outline and extending below the columnar 27 facet, where small nodes are made to terminate the sculptured ridges. First radials highert han wide, tw oheptagonal and two hexagonal and one pentagonal, central tubercle transverse and sending two ridges to the basal plates and one to each of the other adjacent plates. Second radials hexagonal, wider than high, a little smaller than the first radials, central tubercle only slightly elongated transversely, from which a ridge is directed to each adjoining plate. Third radials a little smaller than the second, wider than high, hexagonal, and bearing on the upper lateral sides a single secondary radial. Secondary radials smaller than the third primary radials and supporting on one of the upper sloping sides a single tertiary radial and on the other a series of three or more tertiary radials, before the arm becomes free; the exact number cannot be determined from our speci- men. The single tertiary radials bear an axillary plate of the fourth order, which supports, on each upper sloping side, two or more plates before the arms becomes free. There are, there- fore, at least twelve arms in each radial series or sixty arm openings to the vault in this species. First regular interradial hexagonal, as large as the second primary radials, sculptured in the same way, and supporting- two smaller but similar plates in the second range. The latter are followed by two smaller plates and these by one still smaller plate, which gives us six plates in each regular interradial area. There is one plate in each intersecondary radial area that rests on the third primary radial. There are nine plates in the azy- gous area. The first one is in line with the first radials, of the same size and sculptured in like manner. It is followed by three plates in the second range and these in turn by three smaller plates, above which there are two still smaller plates before the tertiary radials unite to cut off the azygous area from the plates of the vault. The sculpturing on the plates in this species is similar to that on Strotocrinus ectypus, but otherwise it bears little resemblance to that species. It is so different in the form of the calyx and number of the interradials from S. regalis and kindred species that no comparison with any of them is necessary to distin- guish it. Found in the Burlington Group, at Burlington, Iowa, and now in the Illinois State Museum, at Springfield. 28 BLAIROCRINUS SPINOSULXJ8, n. Sp. Plate VII, Fig. 16, azygous view; Fig. 17, view opposite the azygous area; Fig. 18, summit view. Calyx truncated at the base, obpyramidal, about twice as wide as higli; plates sculptured; radial ridges rather sharp; inter- radial area flat; secondary radials and arm openings directed horizontally. Basals three, forming a low, ircegular, subhexagonal disc, nearly covered below by a round column, which is attached to the basals, by radiating denticulations. Columnar canal rather large, pentalobate. The little rim formed by the basals bears a node or short ridge directed toward each adjoining plate above. First primary radials the larger plates of the calyx, wider than high, three hexagonal, two heptagoual, convex in the central part, and sunken at the angles so as to leave a shoi-t ridge directed toward the center of each adjoining plate. Second pri- mary radials quadrangular, about twice as wide as high, and similarly sculptured, though the radial ridge is much stronger than the transverse one. Third primary radials about the same size as the second, pentagonal, axillary, and bearing upon each upper sloping side two secondary radials, While there are only ten secondary radial series, there are two arm openings over each series, indicating that the arms, at once, bifurcated on be- coming free. Regular interradials three, one hexagonal plate resting between the upper sloping sides of the first primary- radials and followed by two smaller elongated plates, that separate the secondary radials and connect with the plates of the vault. The first azygous plate is in line with the first primary i-adials, of about the same size, and sculptured in like manner, it is followed by two plates, in the second range, and three in the third range, which separate the secondary radials and connect with the plates of the vault. The vault is strongly pentalobate, by reason of the horizon- tally projecting secondary radials extending beyond the upper part of the interradial areas. It is elevated over the arm open- ings, and gently convex toward the center. There is a spinous plate over each double arm opening, and between these spinous plates, in each radial series, there is a rather large plate, that 29 separates them on a level with the top of the secondary radials, behind which there is a sinj^le large, spinous plate. The arrange- ment of these three spinous plates, over each radial series, is very much like it is in B. trijugis. The plates of the vault are rather large, and four of them bear very strong spines in addi- tion to those above mentioned. The proboscis is subcentral, and probably very much like that in B. trijugis, though the top of it is broken off in our specimen. The general form of this species will readily distinguish it from all others that have been described. It is most nearly related to B. trijugis, but in addition to the general form, it may be distinguished by having fewer plates in the interradial and azygous areas and by the plates of the vault. Found by R. A. Blair, in the Chouteau Limestone, at Sedalia, Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller. 30 Family CYATHOCRINID^. CYATHOCRINUS ANDERSONI, n. Sp. Plate HI, Fiic- 2, symmetrical side; Fig. 8, azygous side. Calyx large, deep, cup-shaped, longer than wide, oblique, longer on the symmetrical than on the azygous side; plates very thick, tumid, and ornamented with wart-like protuberances; sutures very distinct. Column round and composed of plates near the calyx, which are highly inclined toward the azygous side. Basal plates quite uniform, in size, and forming a round basin nearly three times as wide as high ; each plate bears a strong, central tubercle and some of them have two tubercles. Sub- radials twice as large as the basals, four hexagonal and one heptagonal, very tumid and each one is ornamented, in the central area, with several large tubercles, irregularly disposed, and some of which are confluent. First radials larger than the subradials, tumid, deeply notched for the arm furi'ows and curv- ing in at the superior lateral angles; facet for the reception of the second radials lui'ge and excavated downward two-thirds the length of the plates; plates ornamented, below the facet, with irregular tubercles. First azygous plate quadrangular, longer than wide, and resting upon the upper truncated side of the hept.agonal subradial, and rising to the level of the bottom of the arm-furrows, in the first radials. The surface of it is also tuberculated. This species is related to U. farleyi. Our specimen is much larger than the type of C. farleyi, which might account for differ- ences in the surface ornamentation, if there were not other differences of specific importance. In that species, the basal plates are proportionallv much smaller tlum they are in this, and form a flattened pentagonal disc, while in this, they form a basin, which increases the comparative length of the calyx. The superior 31 lateral angles of the first radials, in that species, are truncated and stand upright, while in this species, they curve in over the margin of the vault and are not truncated. The facets for the second radials are proportionally much smaller, in that species, than they are in this, which indicates differences in the construc- tion of the arms. As these differences in the construction of the calyx must rank as of specific importance, the surface ornamenta- tion may also be uspd to distinguish the species. Found in the Keokuk Gi'oup, at Keokuk, Iowa, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. The specific name is in honor of D. G. Anderson, of Keokuk, Iowa, from whom this specimen was obtained. CYATHOCKINUS TUMIDULTIS, n. sp. Plate III, Fifr. 7, vievf opposite the azygous side. Sppcimeu some- what fattened and the ends of the arms broken away. Species medium size and bearing very heavy arms. Calyx low, basin shaped; sutures depressed; surface granular. Basals small and apparently hidden by the column in the concavity of the lower side of the calyx, though, as our speci- men is depressed, it is probable that the basals may be seen in a better specimen extending slightly beyond the column. Sub- radials large and remarkably tumid, being roughly hemispheri- cal externallv. First radials a little smaller than the subradials, tumid, transversely angular in the middle part and truncated the entire width above. Second radials quadrangular, trans- versely angular in the middle part, and more than twice as wide as high. Third radials in four of the j-ays pentagonal, axillary, and supporting upon each of the upper sloping sides a single arm. The ray opposite the azygous area' consists of a single arm, which commences on the first radial ivith a quad- rangular plate as in the other series. This gives to the species only nine arms. The first azygous plate truncates a first radial and extends nearly as high as the first radials, and has a short upper side on which rests a smaller plate. Arms long, coarse, rough, and composed of short, more or less cuneiform plates, projecting on alternate sides above for the reception of short, stout pinnules. 32 This species is remarkable for the tumid subradials, large, rouo-li arms and short, stout pinnules. The calyx is that of a Cyathocrinus, but the arms and ])innules resemble those in some species of Scapbiocriaus. This species is so different from any hitherto described that no comparison with any of them is necessary to distinguish the species. Found in the Keokuk Group, on Indian creek near Crawfords- ville, Indiana, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. CYATHOCRINUS SIGNATUS, D. Sp. Plate VI, Fig. 10, side view of calyx and part of the arms. Calyx small, cup-shaped, height a little more than the diame- ter; sides unequal; sutures distinct; plates slightly convex; sur- face smooth or granular; column small. Basals form a shallow cup with sharp superior angles. Sub- radials rather longer than wide and about twice as large as the basals. There appears to be only four subradials, in our speci- men. The plate on the riglit of the illustration occupies the place of a subradial and radial, while the azygous plate trun- cates the subradial on the right of it. Possibly the plates are anchylosed, or the specimen is abnormal. First radials unequal in size and not uniform in shape. The arm facets occupy about half the width of the plates, face outward, and the superior lateral sides of the first radials slope down to the sutures. The arms are very different from each other and divide with great irregularity, but they divide so frequently that there are more than a hundred and probably twice that many of them. They are composed of rather long pieces. The azygous plate broadly truncates a subradial and is about as large. The proboscis mav be seen within the labyrinth of small arms in our specimen, where it is composed of large plates and appears to be balloon shaped. This species would seem to have its relations with C. labyiinthicus, though it is so different that no comparison is necessary to distinguish it. Found in the Keokuk Group, in Washington county, Indiana, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. 33 BARYCRINUS FORMOSUS, n. Sp. Plate III, Fiff. 6, azygous view of calyx, arms and column. Species, as indicated by our specimen, rather below the medium size. Column moderate size, pentaj^onal and composed of alter- natelj' thicker and thinner plates. Calyx broadly bowl-shaped, twice as wide as high ; plates thick, depressed laterally and at the angles, and swelling in the middle part so as to form broadly rounded radial ridges; surface smooth or very finely granular. Basal plates forming a pentagonal disc nearly covered by the column. Subradialsthe larger and more tumid plates of the body, longer than wide, four hexagonal and one heptagonal. First radials wider than long, deeply sunken at the lateral angles, and each having a broadly rounded radial ridge in the middle; facets for the reception of the second radials concave, each a little more than half the width of the plate, suture gaping; superior lateral angles sharply truncated for the reception of the summit plates. Second radials short, transverse, rounded plates, a little longer in one of the rays than in either of the other three preserved in our specimen. Third radials longer than the second, axillary and supporting upon each upper sloping side heavy, strong arms. First azygous plate large, quadrangular, wider than high, resting upon the upper side of the heptagonal subradial and separating two first radials. Second plate smaller than the first, but, in our specimen, it is turned in upon the vault so as not to expose the entire surface. Arms ten, two from each ray; short, heavy, rounded exter- nally, and composed of rather long slightly cuneiform plates. Every fourth plate on each side bears an armlet, that is, every second alternate plate on opposite sides bears an armlet. The intervening plates that do not bear armlets are the shorter ones. The armlets are short and stout and bear secondary armlets as in B. spectabilis. The general form of the calyx and arms will readily distin- guish this from other described species. Found in the Keokuk Group, Washington County. Indiana, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. —5 G. Si Family POTERIOCRINID^. ZEACRINUS BELI.ULU8, n. Sp. Plate III, Fig. 8, calyx and arms, azygous side on the left. Species below the average size, slightly constricted above the calyx, arms coming- to a point at the summit, and the whole very neat in outline. Calyx low; plates convex; sutures bev- elled; columuar cavity moderately deep; surface granular. Basal plates within the calyx and covered externally by the column. Subradials rather large, barely visible, at the superior angles in a side view, convex and sutures distinct. First radials wider than high, convex, truncated the entire width above and separated from the second radials b^' a gaping suture. Second radials nearly as long as wide, convex longitudinally, depressed laterally toward the sutures, pentagonal, axillary and support- ing upon each upper sloping side a single arm. However, the ray opposite the azygous area is not visible in our specimen, and it may, as in other species in this genus, bear only a single arm, and hence the species will possess only nine arms; but if it is like the other rays, the species has ten arms. The arms are slightly fusiform and composed of a single series of plates which are transverse and neai'ly as long as wide, at first, but gradually become thinner and wider and cuneiform toward the middle part, and, without again shortening, they become narrower as the arms taper to the distal end. Each plate bears a ])innule directed ujiward and inward and com- posed of long joints. The first azygous plate is twice as long as wide, has five sides, the lower end abuts upon a subradial, the under sloping side rests upon another subradial, and the upper sloping side abuts upon the under sloping side of the first radial on the right; one superior side abuts the second azygous plate, while the 35 summit is truncated b.y the third azygous plate. The second azygous plate truncates a subradial. The third azygoue plate is long and abuts one side upon the short lateral side of the first radial on the right and the side of the second radial and part of the first arm plate. This species bears some resemblance to Cyathoerinus inani- formis of Yandall and Shumard which has generally been re- ferred to Zeaerinus. In that species the subradials are long and abruptly bend into the colunmar cavity and upward so as to form a convex rim for the base of the calyx and show the upper part of the plates in a lateral view ; in this species the columnar depression is much smaller and the subradials are compara- tively shorter and only slightly convex so as to form a some- what truncated base to the calyx and to show only the supe- rior angles of the plates in a lateral view. The first radials are comparatively shorter and the second radials comparatively longer and the plates more convex in this species than they are in Z. manifonnis. The arms in this species are more fusiform than in Z. ma.mformis. In that species there are only nine arms. Found in the Kaskaskia Group, near Shoals, Martin County, Indiana, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. ZEACRINUS OBESUS, n. Sp. Plate IV, tig. 6, side view, with the ray opposite the azygous area on the right; Fig. 7, azygous view; Fig. 8, basal view. Body robust. Calyx very low and round ; columnar cavity deep so that the point of columnar attachment is about on a line with the top of the first radials ; surface smooth or gran- ular. Basal plates completely within the calyx. Subradials long and narrow, extending from the bottom of the columnar cavity down and over the basal rim so as to be seen in a lateral view. First radials have a long triangular extension down into the columnar cavity, and they are separated from the second radials by a transverse suture. The second radials ai"e wide, short, pentagonal, axillary plates, in four of the series, but in the ray opposite the azygous area, it is a quadrangular plate, a little more than twice as wide as long, and followed 36 by a shorter quadranjrvilar plate, which is succeeded by a short, axillary plate. The second bifurcation of the rays takes place ou the fourth plate, from the first axillary plate, in all the rays except two, and in these it takes place on the fifth plate. Our specimen is not preserved so as to show any further divisions of the arms, if any take place. The first azyaous plate is lono; and narrow like a subradial, and extends down deep into the columnar cavity, between a subradial and the under sloping side of the first radial on the right and rises a little aboye the subradial. The second plate truncates the subradial, separates the first radials and extends to the top of the first secondary radial on the right and to the middle of the second secondary radial on the left. It is followed by a much smaller plate, and it, in turn, by a small triangular plate. This species is distinguished from Z. wagnoliiformis, the type of the genus, which it seems most to resemble, in several par- ticulars, one of which is sufficient to distinguish the tspecies. In Z. magDoliiformis, the arms bifurcate on the third and fourth plates, in this species they bifurcate on the fourth and fifth plates. The azygous side of Z. magnoli'iformis has never been illu8trated_and we have no specimen of that species with which to make a comparison, but, judging from the description given, in the Geo. Sur. of Iowa, Page 544, the azygous areas in the two species are not alike. The subradials have not the same form according to the illustration of that species, by Hall. Our species is more robust and the basal cavity seems to be deeper. It has some resemblance to Z. depressus, a diagram of part of which is in the Geo. Sur. of Iowa, Page 54G, but the azygous area will at once distinguish it. Found in the Kaskaskia Group, at Flag Pond, Virginia, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. ZEACRINUS NITIDUS n. Sp. Plate VL Fig. 3, azygous view; Fig. 4, view oi the same specimen, opposite the azygous side. 1 he speci- men is somewhat tiattened. Species below the average size, much constricted above the calyx, arms proportionally large and coming to a point at the 37 summit. Calyx subhemispherical, base depressed ; sutures dis- tinct; surface oranular. Basal plates within the calyx and covered externally by the column. Subradials about as wide as lono,, sharply bending into the columnar cavity and upwaid so as to form a convex rim, for the base of the calyx, and to show full half the length of the plates in a lateral view. First radials about one half wider than long, truncated the entire width above and sepa- rated from the second radials by a gaping suture. Second radi- als of unequal length, some of them longer than the first radials and others shorter, convex longitudinally, constricted on the sides, four of them pentagonal, axillary, and supporting upon each upper sloping side a single arm ; the other one, which is opposite the azygous area, is quadrangular, and has a short upper side and bears a single arm. The species, therefore, has only nine arms. The arms are short, comparatively large, very slightly fusi- form and composed of a single series of short plates, that are more or less cuneiform in the middle part of the arms. Each plate bears a pinnule directed upward and inward, which is composed of long joints. The first azygous plate is quadrangular, a little longer than wide, placed oblique, the lower end abuts upon a subradial, the under sloping side rests upon another subradial, the opposite side abuts the under .sloping side of the first radial on the right, and the superior side abuts upon the second azygous plate. The second azygous plate is larger than the first, trun- cates a subradial, and occupies almost the entire width of the azygous area. The third azygous plate is quite small and does not seem to extend to the first plate. It is quite unnecessary to compare this species with Z. bell- ulus, above described, but it may be compared with the form figured by Hall, as Z. maniformis, which it very much resem- bles. Hall's specimen, however, bears only a slight resemblance to Z. maniformis as figured by Yandall & Shumard, in their contributions to the Geology of Kentucky, and we prefer to compare our species with that which is the true Z. maniformis. Z. maniformis has proportionally a longer and moi-e globose calyx and much longer arms than our species. The second ra- dials in our species are much more constricted on the sides than 38 they are in Z. maniformis, and we are led to infer, from the figure, that it had ten arms while our species has only nine. Found in the Kaskaskia Group, in Randolph County, Illinois, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. SCAPHIOCUINUS MAKTINENSIS, U. sp. Plate IV, Fig. 9, Calyx, part oi the column, and part of the arms. Calyx cup-shaped, more than one and a half times as wide as high, very evenly expanding from the column to the top ; sut- ures distinct; surface smooth or finely granular. Column small, round and composed of alternately thicker and thinner pieces. Basals form a little cup, with sharp, high angles, at the top. Subradials twice as large as the basals. First radials larger than the subradials, widei' than high, truncated nearly the en- tire width for the second radials, from which they are separated by a gaping suture. The upper part below the gaping suture is quite prominent and convex in the middle part, and the superior lateral angles are slightly truncated, leaving the suture at the top depressed. The second radial or first brachial, in the only arm preserved, in our specimen, has a length greater than the diameter at the upper end, and the second brachial is longer than its greatest diameter, axillary, and supports an arm upon each upper sloping side. The two brachials together, are round externally and contracted on the sides. The arms are short and coarse, one of them divides on the seventh plate and the other remains single throughout its length. The arms are composed of remarkably long, cuneiform, alternately projecting plates, that bear alternately, short, strong, long-jointed pinnules. Only pieces of the other arms are preserved, in our specimen, but one of them is shown to have had only a single brachial, which is long, contracted in the middle, at the sides, and axillary. The arms are not, there- fore, uniform in structure. The azygous side is not visible. This species is so different from any hitherto described, that no comparison with any of them is necessary, in order to dis- tinguish it. Found in the Kaskaskia Group, in Martin County, Indiana, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. 39 SCAPHIOCRINUS ARR08US, n. Sp. Plate VI, Fig. 5, azygous view of calyx and arms. All the plates of the calyx and arms are angular and present a very rough aspect. The plates of the calyx, though small, are deeply sculptm-ed. The calyx is low, less than half as wide as high. The column is obscurelj- pentagonal, and composed near the calyx of thin plates radiately furrowed near the outer circumference. Basals small, hidden by the column. .Subradials small, wider than high, directed outwa-nl, hexagonal, except the one on the azygous side, which is truncated at the top and heptagonal, each one is produced into an angular node, at the central part. First radlals pentagonal, about half as high as wide, sharply angular, or having a ridge at the upper part and a radiating ridge from the central part to each adjoining subradial. Hori- zontally truncated the entire width of the plate on top, where the suture is gaping. Second radials quadrangular, about half as long as wide, sharply angular in the central part; sutures gaping. Third radials pentagonal, nearly as high as wide, axil- lary, sharply angular in the central part, upper sides very steep and each supporting an arm. The bifurcation of the ai-ms is not uniform, in the different rays. The one on the left of the azygous area bifurcates on the fourth plate, while the four on the right of the azygous area bifurcate on the sixth plate. One of the arms does not bifurcate again, but the other one bifurcates once, though not at uniform distances from the first bifurcation. This method of dividing the arms gives to the species, in the upper part, thirty arms. The arms are angular externally, and composed of slightly cunei- form plates that bear coarse pinnules. The azygous plates are sculptured, the central part of each being most prominent, and arranged in alternate order, the first one IS inserted obliquely between the subradial and a first radial. The calyx of this species resembles the calyx of Scaphiocri- nus bonoensis, but the arms are not half as numerous and are wholly different, after the first division. We do not know of any other species with which it is necessary to compare it. Found in the Keokuk Gi'oup. in Washington county, Indiana, and now in the collection of \Vm. F. E. Gurley. 40 HYDREIONOCRINUS SANCTILUDOVICI, Worthen. Plate VI, Fig. 2, view of the type. Prof. Worthen, in Volume VIII of the Geo. Sur. of Illinois, pa^e 98, gave a short description of this species, under the name of "Eupacbjcrinus sanctiludovici," but did not illus- trate it. We have figured the type of the species, which is very fragmentary, as stated l)y Prof. Worthen, but from the expanded summit of the vault and the short, strong spine, shown on the right of the illustration, we suppose it to belong to (he genus Hydreionocrinus, to which we have referred it. It occurs in the St. Louis Group, at St. Louis, Missouri, and from his imperfect description and our illustration, the species may be identified. HYDREIONOCRINUS 8UBSINUATUS, U. Sp. Plate VI, Fig 11, azygous side view of the calyx; Fig, 12, basal view of same specimen; Fig. IS, azygous side view of another specimen, preserving part of the spi- nous second radials; Fig. 14, basal view of same specimen. Calyx depressed, saucer-shaped, slightly concave below, loniri- tudinally concave on the ventral side; sutures distinct; surface smooth. When viewed from above or below, hexagonal, in out- line, by reason of the truncated first radials, and the concave, wide azygous area. Column round. Basals form a pentagon one-half wider than the column, with a central, columnar cavity surrounded by an external rim, for the support of the attaching column. Subradials of moderate size, three of them api^arently pentagonal, though as each one abuts upon two basals, where there is an obsure angle, they are really hexagonal. The two adjoining the azygous area are heptagonal. They curve very sliahtly down to the basals, and upward, toward the acute angles between the first radials. They are not uniform in size or shape; the heptagonal plate on the right of the azygous area is the wider, and the one on the left the longer one. First radials twice as wide as high, truncated the entire width abov(\ mucli thickened within, and separated from the second radials, on the outer face, by a 41 ojapino; suture, but immediately within, a straight ridge extends from one outer angle to the other having a furrow on each side so as to form a hinge on which the second plates articulate; behind this hinge in the middle part of each plate, there is a socket for the reception of a tooth-like projection. Second radials short and heavy and produced externally in a moder- ately strong spine. First azygous plate longer than wide, pentagonal, upper side short, abutting below on a subradial and resting very slightly oblique between another subradial and the under sloping side of the first radial on the right. Second azygous plate lonsrer than wide, truncates a subradial, abuts upon the superior lateral side of the first radial on the left, and the first and third azygous plates on the right. Third azygous plates longer than wide, truncates the first azygous plate, and abuts upon the superior lateral side of the first radial on the right. The second and third azygous plates are hexagonal, but the plates abut- ting the superior side are not preserved in our specimens. A small part of a proboscis is preserved in one of our specimens, that shows some heavy, transversely furrowed plates. Other parts not preserved. This species is so different from anj^ other referred to this genus, that no comparison will serve further to distinguish it. There is a possibility that it is a Zeacr'mus, but we think it is not. Found in the Upper Coal Measures, at Kansas City, Missouri, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. HYDREIONOCRINUS NODULIFEBUS, n. Sp. Plate VI, Fig. 15, view opposite tlie azygous area; Fig. 16, azygous view of the same specimen; Fig. 17, basal view of the same, showing the protruding pait of the second radials. Calyx bowl-shaped, twice as wide as high; columnar cavity abrupt; plate gently convex; sutures slightly beveled ; surface granular. Column roimd. Basals sunken in the columnar cavity and only slightly larger than the diameter of the column. Subradials of moderate size, —6 G. 42 four of them apparently pentagonal but really hexagonal, because of abutting two baeal plates, one of them heptagonal, by reason of being truncated by the second azygous plate. The lower ends curve abruptly into the columnar cavity and the superior ends more gently upward toward the acute angles between the first radials. First radials one-third wider than high, truncated the entire width above, thickened within and separated from the second radials, on the outer face, b^^ a gaping suture, but immediately within, a straight ridge extends from one outer angle to the other, having a furrow on each side, so as to form a hinge, on which the second plate articu- lates. Second radials of three kinds; the one opposite the azyous area is twice as long as wide, rounded externally, con- tracted in the middle, serrated or bearing small nodes at the lower end, where it projects beyond the first radial, and axil- lary at the superior end, where it bears two arms. The plates on each side of the azygous area are of the same form but shorter and project farther beyond the first radials, where the nodes ai"e stronger, and the central one almost spine-like. The two lateral second radials are still shorter, having a width and depth, each, greater than the length, and projecting still more beyond the first radials, showing a remarkably wide gaping suture. The central nodes are really small spines. Each second radial bears upon the upper sloping sides two arms which make ten arms in this species. The arms are composed of a single series of rather long plates, each one of which L-ears a central tubercle or node. The first azygous plate is quadrangular and rests between a subradial and the under sloping side of the first radial on the right. It does not appear to abut upon a subradial below, but comes to a point near the angle. The second azygous plate truncates a subradial and rests between the superior lat- eral side of the first radial on the left and the upper sloping side of the first azygous plate on the right. The third azygous plate truncates the first and abuts against the very short lateral side of the first radial on the right. The second radials and the arms are quite different from anything heretofore de- scribed and will serve to distinguish it from all other species. Possibly,- it may belong to Zeacrinus, though it has no close 43 resemblance to any species described, in that genus. The sum- mit of the proboscis will determine whether it belongs to Hydreionocrinus or Zeacriaus. Found in the Upper Coal Measures, at Kansas City, Mis- souri, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. HYDREIONOCRINUS CRASSIDISCUS, n. Sp. Plate VI, lig. 18, basal view; Fig. 19, azygous side view of the calyx. Calyx discoid, slightly concave below, plates convex; sutures distinct, surface granular. Column round. Basals form a pentagon one-third wider than the columnar cicatrix, which is concave and radiately furrowed, for the sup- port of the attaching column. Columnar canal very small. Subradials directed horizontally, convex, of unequal size, the one on the right of the azygous area being the larger and wider one; each one is hexagonal. First radials twice as wide as long, convex, sutures depressed, directed almost horizontally, so as to give the calyx a height little if any more than the thick- ness of the plates; separated, on the outer face, from the sec- ond radials, by a gaping suture, but immediately within, a straight ridge extends from one outer angle to the other, hav- ing a furrow on the outside and depression on the inside so as to form a hinge on which the second radial plates articulate. Second radials not preserved in our specimen. First azygous plate quadrangular, longer than wide, resting between a subradial and the first radial on the left, and the under sloping side of the first radial on the right. The lower end does not reach the second subradial, as is usual in this genus. Second azygous plate longer than wide, truncates the first azygous plate, and separates the superior lateral sides of the two adjoining first radials. The third azygous plate barely touches a first radial. Other parts of this species unknown, but the calyx is so dif- ferent from any other described species that no comparison is necessary to distinguish it. Found in the Upper Coal Measures, at Kansas City, Missouri, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. 44 HYDREIONOCRINUS GRANCLIFERUS, 11. Sp. Plate VI, Fig. 20, azygous side view of calyx and one second radial; Fig. 21, basal view of same specimen. Calyx bowl-shaped, about twice as wide as high, concave at the azygous area, columnar cavity abruptly depressed, sutures distinct; surface very granular; column round. Basals sunken and nearly covered by the column. Subradials curved abruptly into the columnar depression and almost as rapidly up toward the acute angles, that extend high between the first radials; three hexagonal, the other two heptagonal; all the angles are depressed, as in Barycrinus. First radials tw^ce as wide as high, truncated the entire width above, much thick- ened within, and separated from the second radials, on the outer face, by a gaping suture, but immediately within, a straight ridge extends, -from one outer angle to the other, hav- ing a furrow on each side, so as to form a hinge, on which the second radials articulate; behind the inner furrow, in the mid- dle part of each plate, there is a notch for the arm furrow, and immediately in front of the notch there is a node that seems to have been for a socket in the succeeding plate. Second radials nearly twice as wide as high, concave in the middle, pentagonal, axillary and supporting on the upper sloping sides the free arms. First azygous plate twice as long as wide, pentagonal, abut- ting below against a subradial, and resting obliquely between another subradial and the under side of the first radial on the right. Second azygous plate twice as long as wide, truncates a subradial and abuts upon the superior lateral side of the first radial on the left, and the first and third azygous plates on the right. Third azygous plate about as long as wide, trun- cates the first azygous plate and abuts upon the short superior, lateral side of the first radial on the right. The arms and proboscis are not preserved, but there is little doubt about the generic reference, and the species is so marked, that it is unnecessary to compare it with an^- other for the purpose of distinguishing it. Found in the Dpper Coal Measures, at Kansas City, Missouri, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. 45 Family DICHOCRINIDiE. TALiAROCRINDS TRIJUGIS, n. Sp. Plate III, Fiff. 9, basal view; Fig. 10, summit view; Fig. 11, view opposite the azygous side. General form of the cal.yx and vault subelliptical. Calyx glo- bose, truncated below ; plates convex ; sutures depressed ; surface smooth. Basals pentagonal and forming a very low cup or disc, one- fourth the height of the calyx, with a subelliptical columnar depression having a small circular facet for the articulating end of the column. First radials large, convex, as wide as high, four are nearly of the same form and rest on straight edges of the basals, while the other one rests in the obtuse angle formed at the union of the two basals, the summit supports two very short, double, second radials, in the middle two-thirds of its width, and one side of an interradial, on each, slightly oblique, superior, lateral edge. There are two double arm openings to the vault over each first radial plate, or one double arm open- ing over each short double second radial. Hence there are four arm openings to each radial or twenty small arms in the species. A small, regular interradial rests between the superior lateral sides of the iirst radials and separatee the short second radials and unites with the plates of the vault. The first azygous plate is in line with the first radials, it is larger and longer and ex- tends above the top of the first radials. It supports a range of three plates, as near as can be ascertained from our speci- men, which are followed by plates of about the same size to the azygous opening at the top of the vault. The vault is elevated at the arm openings and sharply de- pressed at the interradial spaces. The arm openings are directed obliquely downward. The summit of the vault is convex with 46 three elevated subspinous plates in the center, and otherwise covered with polyg:onal, convex and spinous plates. A spinous plate is over the line that separates the double arm opening in each of the five radial series. The azygous opening is near the margin. This species is the same mentioned in Volume V, page 537, of the Geological Survey of Illinois, under the name of "Dichocri- nus cornigerus, Schumard?" and the calyx of which is figured, under that name on plate 20, Fig. 6a, 6b, and 6c. The calyces of the two species though somewhat different, resemble each other, but the resemblance disappears when the calyx and vault are found together. Tii T. cornjn^erus, the vault is much larger than the calyx and constructed on a different plan fi'om the vault in this species so that the vaults could not be mistaken for each other, in any case. In this species the calyx is larger than the vault, and the depressed interradial spaces and pro- longed radial areas are peculiar. The azj^gous areas have little resemblance in the two species. Found in the St. Louis Group, at Rose Claire, in Hardin county, Illinois, and now in the collection of \Vm. F. E. Gurley. 47 0 L Family TAXICRINID^. forbesocbinus pyriformis, n. sp. Plate n\ PVg: 1, view of an almost entire specimen. General foiiii of the calyx and arms, together, subovate or somewhat pear-shaped, which suggested the specific name. The column is round, large and tapers rapidly from the calyx, where it is composed of very thin plates. The calyx constitutes more than half the length of the body it is wider than high and somewhat obconoidal or funnel- shaped above the column. The plates are convex. The infcer- radial areas are long and narrow, slightly flattened and de- pressed below the radial series, which are gently rounded. Basal plates not observed. Subradials rather small. Primary radials twice as wide as high, convex on the outer face, pentag- onal, hexagonal, or heptagonal, depending upon the number of interradials that abut upon them laterally ; four in each of four series and only three in one of the lateral series; concave on the upper sides, immediately below which, they are most pro- tuberant. The upper plates slightly overlap the next lower ones, in the middle part, though not by a little toothlike pro- jection, as in ForbesocrJnus a^assizi. This projection is de- scribed as a distinct plate and called a "small patelloid plate," by Hall, in the Geological Report of Iowa, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 631, and we find that error, in respect to F. agassizi, transferred to the definition of the genus, in the "Revision of the Palifocrino- idea," by Waclismuth & Springer, page 51, where they say "The sutures of the radial and arm plates strongly sinuate, and partly occupied by additional patelloid plates." The tooth- like projection, in Forbesocrinus agassizi, is not a separate plate; there are no patelloid plates in any species of Forbeso- crinus, and it is not too much to say, they have no existence, 48 in any known species of the Palfeocrinoidea. They did not be- long to the economy of that order of animals. There are three secondary radials in each series, each one is twice as wide as high, and, though hexagonal, and heptagonal, and of the same general form, as the first radials, they are much smaller. The upper concave faces of the third secondary radials incline less, from the central apex, than they do in the axillary plates of the primarj^ radials. The tertiary' radials vary in number, from five to nine, in the different series, they are thin- ner and proportionallj^ wider than either of the lower series, and being located, at the greatest circumference of the body, they are arranged transversely, instead of being inclined to the right and left, as in the primarj' and secondary series. The next division takes place, in one-half of the rays, from the seventh to the tenth plate, but no division is shown to take place, in our specimen in the other half of the rays, notwithstanding one of them is preserved as far as the sixteenth plate. In the higher rays, the plates are thin and transversely arranged, but the upper face of each one is moderately concave, and, in the middle part, slightly overlapped by a projection from the next succeeding plate, as in the primary and secondary series. The transverse, arcuate sutures are distinct and the slight overlapping does not destroy the depression, but, on the contrary, it is correspond- ingly depres.sed. There are, in the upper part, therefore, sixty arms. The interradial areas are not of exactly the same shape, nor are they filled with exactly the same number of plates, though they have elongated, subovate, or lance-subovate outlines, pointed above. There are from eighteen to twenty-five plates, in each regular interradial area, but, on account of an injury to our specimen, at the azygous interradius, the number of plates in that area cannot be counted. The first regular interradial plate rests between the upper sloping sides of the first primary radials; in some areas it is followed by one plate, and in other areas, two plates abut against it ; in one area, it is as large as anj' of the succeeding plates, while in other areas, there are from one to four larger plates above it; in the widest part of one of the areas, there are only two rows of plates, while in the others there are three. The plates, however, become smaller toward 49 the top of each interradius. The intersecondary areas are of the same general form as the interradial areas, but much smaller, and contain from eio-lit to twelve plates. In the intertertiary areas there are two or three small plates in line, one above another. This species is distinguished from others, by its general form, comparative length of the calyx, structure of the vays and the interradial areas. Found in the Keokuk Group, at Muldrough's Hill, Plardin County, Kentucky, and now in the private collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. TASOCRINUS CltAWPORDSVILLENSIS, n. Sp. Plate IV, Fig. ■'}. lateral view of calyx, arms and part of the column. Tliis species so much resembles what we suppose to be Forbes- ocrinus multibrachiatus of Lyon & Casseday, that we will follow the definition of their species, as near as practicable, in order that the distinguishing differences, if they are of specific im- portance, may be made more pi'ominent. F. multibrachiatus was not illustrated by the authors, and, as they may have in- cluded more than one species in their definition, exactly what was described may be somewhat doubtful. They were both good palaeontologists and their descriptions, generally, were unexceptionable, but in this case, the^- gave Clear Creek, Hardin County, Kentucky, Washington County and Montgomery County, Indiana, as the typical localities for their species, and as we are quite sure no single species of Forbesocrinus or Tax- ocrinus was ever fouud at the three localities, we are left in doubt, as to what should be included under their specific name. White described a form, as T. multibrachiatus var. coUetti, from Crawfordsville, which is certainly distinct from F. multi- brachiatus, and, we think, it should be raised to the rank of a species, under the name of 71 coUetti. The difference between the genera Forbesocrinus and Taxocrinus are so poorly marked that it is not easy to say to which genus such species as we have here under consideration really belong, though we are in- chned to think that ouf species should be referred to Taxocrinus, on account of its azygous area. Otherwise, we would refer it to Forbesocrinus. -7 G. 50 In describing their species they say "Body subglobose where the arms are folded inward''. This applies as well to our species. They say "From the base to the fn-e arms somewhat discoid"; this we do not understand, because we do not sup- pose the arras become free until they passed the interradial plates, and we think their species agreed with ours in this re- spect. They say "Eobust, externally' covered with minute gran- ules. Basal pieces three, similar in form and size, forming b3' their outer margins apparently the upper joint of the column, slightly thickened opposite the middle of the pieces. Subradial pieces five, in good specimens presenting five obtusely angular pieces disconnected with each other, resting apparently upon the supra- columnar piece." All these parts are not visible in our specimen, but, if we understand them correctly, the two species may agree in these respects. They say "Radial pieces, first sei-ies, generally, four in each ray, the first five resting between the angular points of the subradials are regular in size and form, four are irregular hex- agonal, twice as wide as high, the fifth pentagonal and much smaller than either of the others. The second and third radials are obscurely hexagonal, similar in form, differing slightly in size; the fourth is axillary, obscurely six-sided, rising into a long, angular point; on each of its oblique upper sides sup- porting three pieces of the secondary radials, which are similar in form and nearly as large as the first radials". Much of this will apply to our species, but we think the three secondary radials in each series, in our species, are much smaller than the primary radials. They say "TIk^ last of these being axillary support on their upper oblique margins from four to seven brachial pieces." In our specimen the ray on the left and the ray on the right of the azygous area have each eight of these brachial pieces, and another ray shown on the right side of the illustration has ten, and another on the left of the illustration has ten. And from this part to the end of the arms the number of plates do not agree in the two species, though there are sixty arms in each species. In their species there are fifteen regular interradials, as follows : One, followed by two in the second range and three in the third 51 range, above which there are only two in each range or 5x2. In our specimen, in the only regular interradial area in which the plates can be counted, there are eighteen, as follows: One, followed by two in the second range and three in each of the next four ranges, above which three plates may be seen. We have an impression, however, that the number of plates in the interradial areas is not uniform. In their species there are from six to seven secondary inter- radials and from three to five tertiary iuterradials. In our species there are from five to seven secondary iuterradials, but no tertiary iuterradials. In their species there are six azygous plates in the order of one, two, one, two. In our species the azygous area is larger than the regular interradial areas and has a series of five long longitudinally convex plates, in the middle o1 the area, resting upon. the truncated upper side of a basal plate, and extending as high as the third secondary radial, and, on each side of this ridge of plates there are several smaller polygonal plates, and others extending beyond. There is, therefore, no resemblance between the azygous areas in the two species. The radial plates, in both species, as is usual in this genus, are concave on the exterior part of the upper sides and slightly overlapped, in the concave part, by the succeeding plates. Their species, therefore, would seem to be more globose than ours, by reason of the wider secondary radials and presence of inter tertiary radials. Our species has more tertiary radials than theirs, differs in the number and position of the regular iuterradials, and is so widely different, in the azygous area, that it alone will distinguisli the species. We have uever seen a specimen, which we knew belonged to F. wultihrachiatus, and we suppose it is because their type came from Clear Creek, Hardin County, Kentucky, and there has been error in referring other species to it. Found in the Keokuk Group, at Crawfordsville, Indiana, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. 52 ONYCHOCRINUS PARVUS, n. 8p. Plate IV, Fig. 5, azygous side view. Species very small. Calyx rather high, basin shaped ; plates smooth; sutures distiuct. Column round and composed of moderately long plates near the calyx. Basals extend beyond the column, but our specimen is injured at the basals so the exact outlines are not shown. Subradials about half as large as the first radials and nearly as long as wide. One of them is concave on the upper face for the recep- tion of a small azygous plate. The first radials are wider than long and truncated more than half the width for the second plate, which is the first plate in the free arms. The arms bi- furcate on the third plate (or the fourth in the radial series). The arms are round externally and the plates more than half as long as wide; sutures transverse. The first armlet is thrown off from the second plate after the first bifurcation. Only a single az^'gous plate is preserved in our specimen and it is slightly out of place. No i"egular interradials are preserved. This species is so much smaller than any heretofore described that no comparison with any of them is necessary to distin- guish it. Found in the Kaskaskia (Jroup, at Shoals, in Martin county, Indiana, and now iu the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. Family EUCALYPTOCRINID^. kucalyptocrinus vvortheni, d. sp. Phite IV, Fig. 2, lateral view. The arms in the specimen illustrated are drawn away from the summit about half an inch, which gives them a bushy or broom-like aspect; if they were replaced between the interbra- chial plates and closed, at the top, the general form of the body would be ellipsoidal. Body medium size, with arms and interbrachials in place ellip- soidal in outline; surface of the plates granular. Calyx a Httle more than one-third the entire length of the body, bowl or urn-shaped, wider than long; sutures distinct. Column round, medium size. Basals developed in the interior. First radials rather large, rapidly expanding, and one-third wider than high. Second radials nearly square, being only a little wider than high. Third radials rather larger than the second, heptagoual, greatest width at the union of the superior and inferior sloping sides. First secondary radials pentagonal, about two-thirds as large as the third primary radials. Second secondary radials, short, about one- third as large as the second, expand upward, somewhat like an inverted frustum, and sup- port the tertiary radials upon the upper shghtly sloping sides. There are three short quadrangular tertiary radials below the summit of the interradials, and then the free arms commence with one or two cuneiform plates followed by interlocking ones, which maintain a somewhat uniform size, until they taper at the summit, where the solid interbrachials unite around the orifice. The arms being thrown out from between the interbra- chials, in our specimen, probably, causes them to appear larger than they would if they were in place. They are somewhat crystalline and the sutures are more or less obliterated, and, therefore, the interlocking plates may be indicated, in the illus- 54 tration, rather larp;er than they should be, but if so it is very little. The first interradial is a large ten-sided plate, quite as laro;e as the second and third primary radials together, and slightly longer than wide. It is followed by two long narrow plates that extend to the top of the thii'd tortiarj' radials. The inter- secondary radials are single, truncate the third primary radials, have the form of the two small interradials when united, but smaller than the two together. The solid interbrachials are rather thick below and gradually become thinner in their up- ward extension and unite at the summit, with each other and with the small plates that surround the orifice. This species is distinguished from others by its general form, and when compared with E. crassus, which it may be said to most resemble, the calyx is proportionally much shorter, and more uniformly rounded and bowl-like, and the tertiary and secondary radials are wholly different in form and in position. Found by Prof. A. H. Worthen, in the Niagara Group, in Wayne county, Tennessee, and now in the State Museum, at Springfield, Illinois. The specific name is in memory of the late distinguished State Geologist of Illinois. 55 Family RHODOCRINID^. goniastehoidocrinus lyonanus, d. sp. Plate IV. Fiii\ 4, view of the vault and lateral prolongations. This species is founded upon the vault and lateral prolonga- tions of the specimen illustrated. It is quite different from any- thing heretofore described or illustrated, and, therefore, deserves illustration and definition. Whether or not one is justified in giving a specific name to such a fragment is a question not so readily answered. A specific name should not be an obstacle in the way of progress, in pala>ontological learning. It requires neither information nor study to propose specific names, and when impi'ovidently or unjustifiably proposed, they should not be recognized. We think, as a general rule, a specific name should never be given to a specimen, when, from its definition, another who may happen to find a better specimen, in rocks of the same age, cannot determine whether or not it belongs to the same species. We have here, however, a very complete part of the body of a peculiar crinoid, about the generic relations of which there is no doubt, and, we suppose, whenever the calyx is found, after our definition of this part, that one may readily determine that it belongs to this species, and it is for that rea- son we have felt warranted in giving to it a specific name. Species rather small. Vault composed of small polygonal plates. Central part of the vault only slightly raised above the lateral margin and composed of the larger plates. Instead of a single proboscis arising from the center of the vault, as in many palteozoic genera, there ai-e six lateral prolongations, five of which bifurcate, and one tapers to a point without a bifur- cation. There is a shallow, subovate depression, within the margin, opposite each one of the five bifurcating lateral pro- longations, but none opposite the .single prolongation. Within one of these depressions, near the center of the vault, there is 56 a small orifice surrounded with small plates— the anal opening of some authors, and the mouth of others. Beneath the plates of the vault there are channels passing- between the depressions, meeting centralh', and connecting with each of the prolonga- tions; two small channels enter the bifurcating prolongations, but only one is extended through the single branches, and it does not open externally. It will be observed, that the marginal plates of the vault are continued upon the lateral sides of the bifurcations, except in the case of the single prolongation, and it is evident the marginal circulation entered these prolonga- tions, and also connected with the central circulation, through the channels above referred to. The functions performed by these lateral prolongations are, therefore, not essentially differ- ent from those performed b^^ the proboscis in other genera. There is a slight elevation, within the margin, opposite the sin- gle prolongation, and from this point only a single channel seems to have entered the prolongation or unyoked feature of this vault. The arms connected with the body immediately below the rim of the vault, and some of the fragments of the arms are preserved on our specimen, though not illustrated. Tliey are small and composed of a double series of interlocking plates beai'ing small pinnules. This species is distinguished from others known to the authors by the spreading of the bifurcating prolongations, instead of their curving around, so as to cross each other, and by the single extension which is not known, by us, to exist in any other species. It is so different from the type of this genus, and from all defined species from rocks of the same age, that no comparison with any of them is necessary. I'^ound in the Keokuk Group, on Indian Crojek, near Craw- fordsville, Indiana, and now in the collection of Wm. F. K. Gurley. The specific name is in honor of one of the authors of the genus, the late distinguished paheoutologist, Sidney S. l->yon. 57 Family EUPACHYCRINID^. ULOCKINUS BLAIRI, 11. sp. Plate V, Fig. 16, azygous view; Fig. 17, basal view, Fig. 16, view opposite the azygous area. This is the largest known species in this genus. The caljx has a height of nine-tenths of an inch and a diameter of one and seven-tenth inches, being nearly twice as wide as high. The base is very gently rounded to the middle of the subradials, above which the calyx is almost cylindrical. There is no co- lumnar depression ; the plates are plain, and slightly beveled at the sutures; surface granular. The basals form a large, very gently convex, pentagonal disc, three times as wide as the diameter of the column. The column is round, and there is an impressed cicatrix, in the basal i)lates, where the column is attached, by radiate denticula- tions, near its outer circumference. Columnar canal, pentagonal, and having the ends of the rays rounded. Subradials about as large as all the basals together, a little wider than high, but if the plates were straightened the width and length would be about equal. Four of them hexagonal, by reason of uniting with two basals, where the angle is obtuse, the other one, whi(;h supports the second azygous plate, heptagonal. They rapidly curve upward in the middle part and extend an angle u])ward one-third the height of the first radials. First radials pentag- onal, about one-half wider than high ; the superior face is the full width of the plates, and extends internally about one-fourth the diameter of the calyx. The sutures are gaping, but, imme- diately within, a straight and furrowed ridge extends from one angle of the plates to the other, so as to, form a ridge on which the second radials articulate. The first azygous plate is quadrangular and rests obliquely between a subradial and the under sloping side of the first -8 G. 58 radial, and abuts the lower side against another subradial, and the superior side against the second azygous jilate. Second azjgons plate is more than half as large as the first, truncates a subradial and rests an under sloping side against the first azygous plate and separates two first radials. Other parts un- known. This species is so different from either of the others that have been described that no comparison with any of them is necessary to distinguish it. Found by R. A. Blair, in the Upper Coal Measures, near the line of Kansas and Missouri, southwest of Sedalia, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller. ULOCRTNUS OCCIDENTALIS, n. sp. Plate VI, Fig. 6, view of the basal plates, paH of two being broken away; Fig. 7, interior view of the same specimen; Fig. 8, a subradial plate. The calyx of this species is broadly rounded, at the base, with- out a columnar depression, gradually expands beyond the sub- radials, and has a length greater than the diameter. The sutures are distinct, plates moderately thick, and peculiarly denticulate, at the sides, to strengthen their union with each other; surface granular. The column is round, and there is an impressed cicatrix, in the basal plates, where the column is attached, by radiate denticulations, near its outer circumfer- ence. Columnar canal pentagonal. Basals form a cup about one-third as high as wide. The plates are longer than wide and geutl}' curve upward from the columnar facet. The most renmrkable curiosity is their pro- longation, in the interior of the calyx. They project up, in the interior, in the form of a five-furrowed, gradually expanding, thin cup, for the distance of about one-sixteenth of an inch. The columnaT canal is thus expanded or enlai'ged within the cavity of the body, and extraordinary solid parts are developed, for muscular attachment, and to give strength to this part of the body. The length and breadth of a subradial is about equal; it is convex and gradually expands to the superior lateral angles. Other parts of this species unknown. 59 What we have of this species is so different from others that have been described, that no comparison is necessary to dis- tinguish it. Found in the Upper Coal Measures, at Gilpin, Missouri, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. iESlOCRINUS ANGULATUS, n. Sp. Plate VI, Fig. 9, view of calyx and part of an arm and three azygous plates. The specimen is a little depressed. Calyx bowl-shaped, twice as wide as high; broadly truncated, below; plates tumid and angular; sutures deep, most depressed at the angles ; surface grauular. Column round or subelliptical and the end slightly inserted in the basal plates and attached by radiating denticulations near the outer circumference. Columnar canal very small and round. The basals form a flat, pentagonal disc about one-half wider than the diameter of the column. Subradials large; four hex- agonal, one heptagonal, directed nearly horizontally from the basals so as to form a pentagonal disc around the basals. The plates are sub pyramidal and angular, with the apex directed downward so as to leave about half of the plates below the level of the basal plates, and if the calyx is made to stand upon a plain, it will rest upon the aiiices of the subradials. The supe- rior angles of the subradials are deeply sunken, as is usual in Barycrinus. The first radials are thick, heavy plates, about twice as wide as high, truncated nearly the entire width above and having the facets inclined outward at an angle of about forty-five degrees. They are convex, with a transverse obscure ridge in the central part and beveled toward the sutures. The superior face has a transverse ridge and narrow furrow near the outer margin and a broader furrow on the inside of the ridge; the inner central part is notched for an arm furrow. The supe- rior face has the appearance of supporting a single plate, but in the part of one of the rays which is preserved, we see it sup- ports a central axillary plate occupying about one-third of its width, and a plate on each side of the axillary plate occupying the outer part of it. Each of the lateral plates supports two interlocking plates that have an arm furrow on the inside, which indicates that there are two arms to each raj', or ten 60 arms in the species, aud that the two arm furrows unite within the axillary, second radial, so as to connect with the intorior of the calyx, throug'h the single notch or arm furrow in the first radial. A rather lono-, convex, azj-gous plate truncates a sub- radia,! and extends as hioh as the top of the first radials, where it is followed by two convex plates of about equal size, that articulated with the otiier plates. This species differs so from other species of jEsiocrimis that it is with some hesitation we refer it to that genus, though the general structure of the calyx, aside from the sculpturing of the plates and sunken sutures, agrees more nearly with that genus than with any other that has been defined. Found in the Upper Coal Measures, at Kansas City, Missouri and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. EUPAOHYCRINUS PARVUS, U. Sp. Plate VI, Fig. 22, basal view of calyx ; Fig. 23, azygous side view. This is the smallest known species, in this genus, and differs, in every particular, from all of them, except in the number and relative position of the plates of the calyx. Calyx very low, more than twice as wide as high: snbpentagoual in outline, columnar cavity embracing the basals and nearly half of the Bubradials; sutures distinct and sunken at the angles; surface smooth. Hasal T>lates about one-half wider than the diameter of the column; citatrix for the columnar attachment concave, radi- ately furrowed, and pierced by a very small pentagonal colum- nar canal. Subradials the larger plates of the calyx, though not of uniform size, the one on the right of the azygous side being the larger. They abruptly bend down into the columnar cavity, where each bears one or two concave furrows as if gouged out with a small cii-cular chisel, and abruptly curve up- ward and reach nearly to the top of the calyx. They are con- vex, externally, and the sutures are depressed, the depression being most marked at the angles. First radials twice as wide as high, pentagonal, the lower angh; extending nearly to the bottom of the calyx, truncated the entire width above, and much thickened within; sutures gaping, but immediately within, 61 a straight ridge extends from oue outer angle of the plates to the other, so as to form a hinge on which the second radials articulate. Azygous plates small, quadrangular and inserted between a subradial and the under sloping side of the first radial, on the right, and abutting another subradial. It is followed by another plate, as indicfited by the notch between it and the top of the first radial on the left. Found in the Upper Coal Measures, at Kansas City, Missouri, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. 6^ ORDER BLASTOIDEA. Family NUCLEOCRINID^. NUCLEOCRINUS GREENEI, n. sp. Plate VI, Fiff. 24, side view; Fig. 25, basal view. Body elonojate, eubovoid, depressed in the interradial spaces, so that, viewed from either end, it presents a five-rayed out- line, obtuse at the angles; most deeply pentalobate at the base, less deeply above; greater width above the middle. Base concave; basal plates very small and sunken below the radials. Radial plates very short, embracing the base of the pseudambulacral fields, which consists of a node in the central part of each plate. Pseudambulacral fields very narrow. Inter- radials extend to the summit and are centrally depressed in lanceolate outline, but no suture is discovered, by the side of this lanceolate ornamentation. Azygous interradius wider than the regular areas, most deeply sunken at the base and becom- ing convex or more prominent near the summit of the azygous plate than the pseudambulacra. The azygous plate occupies the entire interradius at the union with the basal plates, it be- comes gently narrower above and abuts upon the outer half of the azygous orifice. The interradial plate is very narrow on each side of the azygous plate, pointed at the lower part, and surrounding the azygous orifice above, it reaches the summit. Found by G. K. Greene, in whose honor we have proposed the specific name, in the Upper Helderborg Group, at Louis- A ille, Kentucky, and now in the collection of Wni. F. E. Gurley. 63 NUCLEOGUINUS VENUSTUS, U. Sp. Plate VI, Fig. 20, azygous side view; Fig. 27, summit view of same specimen from Louisville; Fis^. 2'S, side view; Fig. 20, basal view of same; Fig. SO, side view of another specimen, all from Columbus, Ohio. Body elongate, subelliptical, flattened or slightly concave in the interradial spaces, obtusely rounded at the pseudambulacra; greatest width about the middle. Base nearly fiat. Basal plates slightly convex. Radials rather long and embracing the lower end of the pseudambu- lacral fields, and the node, which terminates the pseudambulacra, in the central part of each plate. Pseudambulacral fields nar- row, uniform, in width, and separated by a sharply angular depression. Interradials extend to the summit and are centrally depressed in lanceolate outline, but no suture has been discov- ered, by the side of this lanceolate ornamentation, to show that it is a plate, as described by Lyon, in the Geological Survey of Kentucky. Possibly the sutures are anchj'losed. This lance- olate depression has a fine, longitudinal furrow, in the center. On each side of the lanceolate depression the surface is beauti- fully ornamented with longitudinal, crenulated lines. Azygous interradius a little wider than the regular areas, and the azygous plate stands out prominently beyond the pseu- dambulacra toward the summit. The longitudinal, lanceolate depression on the azygous plate, that would seem to corre- spond with the lanceolate depression, in the regular areas, does not correspond with the outline of the azygous plate. On the contrary, the azygous plate is considerably larger and occupies fully two-thirds of the whole azygous interradius. The sides are beveled downward from the azygous opening to the suture line and the summit is notched for the orifice. The interradial plate in the azygous area is narrow on each side, pointed in the lower part, notched for the azygous orifice and reaches the summit. The surface is ornamented as in the regular areas. There are two elongated apertures, at the summit of each pseudambulacra, which are indicated by a raised rim in the ad- joining interradials. The central part of the summit is covered by numerous plates. 64 Fiprs. 26 and 27 represent a specimen from the Upper Helder- berg Group, at Louisville, Kentucky, m the collection of Wm. F. K. Gurley; and Figs. 28 to 30, two specimens from the Upper Helderberg Group, at Columbus, Ohio, in the collection of S. A. Miller. Several other specimens have been- examined and the forms from Columbus, Ohio, are somewhat rounder and a little more evenly elliptical than those from Louisville, but otherwise, they appear to be alike and we are disposed to refer them to the same species. It will be readily distinguished from N. hicjna by the less peutalobate form, longer radial plates and different surface ornamentation. It is, in all its parts, a distinct species. It will be distinguished from N. angnlaris, by the narrower azygous interradms, and much less angular outline, when viewed from any direction, beside it is proportionally a much longer form. 65 Family GRANATOCRINIDJE. granatocrinu8 sph.eroidalis, d. sp. Plate VI, Fig. 31, summit view; Fig. 32, basal view; Fig. 33, lateral view, but the artist overlooked the interradial sutures. Body small, subsphaToidal, moderately sunken in the inter- radial areas, so as to give it a pentalobate aspect; greatest width, at the upper third, where the diameter is greater than the length ; broadly truncated above and concave in the central part ; truncated below, and, when placed on its base, will rest on the distal ends of the ambulacra; columnar facet large. Basal plates small and extend only slightly beyond the column. Radials extend about two-thirds of the length of the body, with distinct lateral sutures. Regular interradials one-third the length of the body and strongly incurved above. Azygous in- terradial stands nearly upright, above the level of the summit of the other parts of the body, where it is pierced with the azygous orifice. Pseudambulacra very gently expand, from the base to the summit, and are distinctly convex above the thin margins of the radials on each side. Pore pieces about thirty- three on each side of a well defined mesial furrow, along which their inner ends are crenate and from which they are directed obliquely downward. Summit has a rather large central five- rayed opening. Ovarian apertures large and situated on each side of the point of each interradial piece, two of them extend- ing to the azygous orifice. Found in the Kaskaskia Group, in Meade County, Kentucky, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. -9 G. 66 GRANATOCRINUS WIN8LOWI, n. ep. Plate VI, Fig. 34, side view; Fig. 35, basal view. Body medium size, subspherical, depressed convex in the in- terradial areas, evenly rounded in the middle part, longer than wide, truncated very slightly at either end ; columnar facet small ; surface sculptured and tubercular. Basal plates form a large pentagon notched by the distal ends of the ambulacra. Kadials extend less than half the length of the body and have strongly defined sutures. Regular inter- radials more than half the length of the body and incurved at the summit. A longitudinal line of tubercles ornaments the middle of each interradial to its lower extension, which is con- tinued as a double row, or row on each side of the radial suture, to the basal plates, and on each .side of these mesial tubercles, there are one or two shorter rows of tubercles. Pseudambulacra rather rapidly expand from the base to the summit and are depressed in their upward extension below the thickened and tubercular margins of the radial and interradial plates, though, at the lower end, their convexity rises higher than the margins of the radials. Pore pieces between fifty and sixty on each side of a mesial furrow, along which their inner ends are crenate, and from which, they are directed obliquely outward and downward. The summit and azygous interradial are so injured, in our specimen, that but little can be ascer- tained of their characters, the ovarian openings, however, are quite small, and we are not sure that there is any more than one to each interradial plate. The specific name is given in honor of the late Dr. J. C. Winslow of Danville, Illinois, a personal friend of one of the authors and one of the "old time"' collectors, to wiiose patience and zeal science has been very greatly indebted. The specimen from which this description is drawn was found in the drift at Danville, Illinois, and is in the collection of Wra. F. E. Gurley. Tlie supposition is that it came from rocks of the age of the Burlington Group, a short distance north of Dan- ville, which are now deeply covered with the drift. 67 SUBKINGDOM CCELENTERATA. CLASS ANTHOZOA. ORDER ZOANTHARIA RUGOSA. Family CYATHOPHYLLID^. CAMPOPHYLLUM KANSASENSE, n. sp. Plate VII, Figs. 19 and 20, calyces; Figs. 21 and 22, lateral views. Corallum simple, short, turbinate, irregularly curved, acute at the base, and irregularly distorted in growth. Epitheca thin, with minute encircling wrinkles, interrupted only by the distor- tions in growth, and showing no trace of seota or dissepiments where unabraded, but if slightly worn, both septa and dissepi- ments are exposed plainly to view. Calyx circular, moderately deep, margin thin, from which the sides gradually slope to near the bottom of the cup, where the septa curve to the central tabuke, and the wall as abruptly thickens. No septal fossula. From twenty-four to fort^' septa extending from one-third to the entire distance from the outer wall to the center. Most of them terminate before reaching half the distance to the center, but a few are shown to reach to the center. Secondary septa quite marginal and best seen when the epitheca is eroded on the outside. The tabulte, as seen in the central area of the calyx, are flat and smooth except where penetrated by the septa. The outer vesicular zone is thin and vesicles rather large. Our specimens are only about an inch in length, and we think they represent a small turbinate species. The species evidently belong to this genus, from the vesicular outer zone, incomplete 68 tabulfe and short septa, but it is widely separated from C. toi- quium, the only other form yet defined, from the Coal Measures of this country, not only in size and shape, but in the internal structure and form of the calyx. Found in the Upper Coal Measures, at Kansas City, Missouri, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. Family FAVOSITID^ffi. MICHELINIA BRANNERI, n. Sp. Plate VII, fig. 12,iside view; Fig. 13, summit view. About half the len<;th of our specimen is covered with- an epi- theca ; transversely, it is somewhat elliptical and the summit is convex. However, we would infer, that the species is more or less globular, ovoid or elliptical, in the "upper part, and hap an irregularly convex summit. The lower part expands more or less from the base, or place of attachment to some foreign object, and is covered with a dense, transversely wrinkled epitheca. The corallites are polygonal and extremely variable in size, some are minute and others are very large; they open in all directions, and some parts of the corallum are more promment than other parts, which produces an irregular summit. The calj'ces are deep, and the walls are thin, even where the wrinkled epitheca unites with the corallites, the margin is ex- ceedingly thin. This species is evidently related to M. evgeneee, but we think it is a larger species and distinguished by having larger coral- lites, deeper calyces, more dense and strongly wrinkled epitheca and a largei- base. Found in the Coal Measures, at Danville, Illinois, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. The specific name is in honor of Prof. J. C. Branner, of Leland Stafford, Jr.. University. 69 SUBKINGDOM MOLLUSCOIDA. ORDER LYOPOMATA. Family LINGULID^. LINGULA INDIANENSIS, II. sp. Plate Til, Fig. 1, ventral valve. Subovate or nearly subelliptieal in outline; greatest width below the middle; length nine-tenths of an inch, greatest width six-tenths of an inch, or one-half longer than wide. Apical end somewhat truncated, anterior extremity more uniformly rounded. Sides gently convex. Valves very moderately convex in the central part and flattened near the margins. Beaks not prominent. Color, light brown or yellowish brown. Concentric strise very fine near the beaks, and, therefore, in the younger stages of growth but becoming coarser and more distant and somewhat undulating toward the anterior end and lateral margins. There is no described species from Subcarboniferous rocks having the general form of this one, and it would not throw any 'ight upon it, to compare it with subovate or subelliptical forms from Silurian or Devonian rocks. Found in the Keokuk Group, at Crawfordsville, Indiana, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. 70 Family DISCINID^. DISCINA ILLINOISENSI8, n. Sp. Plate VII, Fig. 2, dorsal view; Fig. 3, inferior of ventral valve; Fig. 4, dorsal valve o1 another specimen; Fig. 5, interior of dorsal valve of another specimen^ Shell lar^e, subcircular in maro;inal outline, or slightly oval, longitudinally ; height nearly or quite equal to one-half the diameter. Apex prominent, acute, and situated centrally or slightly posterior to the central part of the shell, and moder- ately incurved. The sides slope rapidly from the apex for one- third the height of the shell and then more and more gently to the margin, though, on the anterior side the shell is more compi'essed toward the margin than it is on the posterior part. Surface marked by irregular radiating lines or striations, and by strong concentric elevated lines. The strife and elevated concentric lines become more and more conspicuous toward the margin. The lower valve shows a depression on the side of the foramen, but our specimen, as shown by figure 3, is somewhat broken and pressed out of sliape. The concentric linos are strongly impressed upon it. The two specimens shown by figures 2 and 3 are from the Coal Measures, in Knox county, Illinois, and the two specimens shown by figures 4 and 5 are from Peoria county, Illinois. We refer them all to the same species, though we look upon figure 2 as the best preserved and most typical. They are all in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. Figure 5 shows the interior of the upper valve and where the shell is abraded the concentric lines are strongly marked in the stone. This species is so far removed from Discina nitidn. that no one would be enlightened by making a comparison with it. It is more nearly related to Discina convexa, described from the Upper Coal Measures, in the valley of the Verdigras river, in 71 Kansas, aud not uncommon at Kansas City, Missouri. In D. convexa there is a shallow depression directly under the beak, on the posterior side, which is not manifest in this species. In D. convexa the beak is more obtuse, less incurved, and situated nearer the posterior margin, than it is in this species. The radiating lines that ornament the dorsal valve in this species have not been noticed in D. convexa, beside this species seems to be the smaller of the two. DISCINA MUNDA, n. sp. Plate VI, Fig. 6, dorsal view; Fig: 7, lateral view of the same valve. Shell medium size, elhptical, height less than one-third the length. Dorsal valve most convex anterior to the beak and near the posterior third of the shell, from which part it slopes regularly to the lateral and anterior margins. Beak acute and situated almost directly above the posterior margin of the shell. The shell is concave from the point of the beak to the posterior margin. Surface jet black and marked by fine concentric lines only just visible to the unaided eye. We know of no species with which it is necessary to com- pare this one. Found in the Upper Coal Measures at Kansas City, Missouri, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. 72 ORDER ARTHROPOMATA. Family RHYNCHONELLID^. EATONIA CODLTERI, n. sp. Plate yn, Fig. 8, ventral view; Fig. 9, dorsal view; Fig. K), cardinal view; Fig. 11, front view. Shell medium size, longitudinally ovoid, fully as wide as lony; and two-thirds as thick, gradually expanding from the beaks, at first, then more rapidly, and finally broadly rounded at the sides; truncated at the anterior end. Surface marked by fine, radiating, bifurcating strife. Ventral valve conyex from the middle toward the beak, flat- tened toward the antero-lateral margins and then abruptly in- flected at right angles; extended in a broad, shallow, undefined, mesial depression toward the front, where it is also abruptly inflected at right angles. Beak elevated and perforated. Dorsal valve convex in the middle part and sloping in all directions, most rapidly laterally and toward the antero-lateral margins. The central part slopes least toward the anterior margin, and appears as an undefined, elevated, rounded, mesial fold, abruptly inflected at the front. Beak incurved. Margins of the valves denticulated. This cannot be mistaken for any other defined species. The specific name is given in honor of Frof. John M. Coul- ter, President of Lake Forrest University. Found in the Oriskany Group in Jackson County, Illinois, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley. 73 CLASS PTEROPODA. Family CONULARIID^. conularia blairi, d. sp. Plate Vir, Fig. 14, part of the surface of the upper part of the shel]; Fig: 1-1, a specimen showing a portion ot the inside of a shell, the elevated ridge shows the depression of the angles. Shell very large, pyramidal. Angles at the four corners deeply furrowed. Lateral surfaces marked with a longitudinal, mesial line, without any furrow. Surface ornamented with transverse, smooth furrows, that are separated by low, sharp, creuate, transverse costte; in passing across the sides, these curve forward toward the aperture, and sometimes the costiB alternate at the mesial line, at other times they cross it with slight interruption. There are from twenty-one to twenty-four costcf, in a dista.nce equal to the width of a side. The costse curve forward toward the aperture, in crossing the furrows, at the four corners. There are about eight crenulations, on the costse in one-eighth of an inch, and about sixteen fur- rows in an inch, or about four crenulations in a distance equal to the width of a furrow, toward the apex ; but nearer to the aperture there are six crenulations in a distance equal to the width of a furrow. One side of a specimen, three and one-fourth inches long, has a diameter, at one end, of five-eights of an inch, and a diameter at the other end of one and six-eighths inches. This is a large species and when compared with C. gratiosa, it will be noticed that the sides are less convex, the angles at the four corners deeper, and the furrows only half as wide, -10 G. 74 Found by R. A. Blah", in whose honor the specific name is pro- posed, in the Chouteau limestone, at Sedalia, Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller. CONULARIA GRATIOSA, U. sp. Plate VIII, Fig. 1, showing tiro sides of a slightly compressed specimen. Shell very large, rather rapidly expanding, from the apex, pyramidal and having subequal, lateral surfaces, which are slightly convex. Angles at the four corners moderately fur- rowed. I.(ateral surfaces marked with a longitudinal, mesial line, without any furrow. Surface ornamented with transverse, wide, smooth furrows, that are separated by sharp, prominent, crenate, transverse costfB; in' passing across the sides, these curve forward toward the aperture, and sometimes the costoB alternate in the middle, and, at other times, cross the mesial line almost without interruption. There are from ten to thir- teen costs; in a distance equal to the width of a side. The costse are abruptly curved toward the aperture, in the furrows, at the four corners. Our specimen is somewhat com])ressed, the four sides are quite well preserved and seem to be nearly complete at the larger end ; it has a length of five inches, though one or two inches are broken away from the apical end. This is a large and beautiful species, and will be distinguished by the convex sides, distant, crenulated, transverse costae and wide, smooth furrows. Found in the St. Louis Group, at Spergen Hill, Indiana, and now in the collection "of Wm. F. E. Gurley. CONULARIA SPERGENENSIS, n. Sp. Plate VIII, Fig. 2, view of a specimen, with both ends destroyed. Shell very large, long, slowly expd calyx. / ACTlNOCIilNUS PLAGOSUS, n. Sp IG Fig. 5. Azygous view of caly,\. Fig. 6. A crushed spoeiraen showing the arms. Olioopobus BLAini, n. sp 6 Fig. 7. The middle part of a rather large and flattened specimen. ILL. STATIO MUS. OF NAT. HIST. lMaf<> IL I' LATH 1 11. PAOE. Eretmocbinus lvonanus, u. sj) , : 17 Fig. 1. B.isal view of a specimen .showinc arms o.xpandeil on the surfaeo of a lock. CYATHOCRINUS ANDEIiSONI, n. .sp 30 Fig. 2. Symmotricul .side. Fig. :i. Azygousside. BATOCaiNUS LTONANUS. n. .sp 18 Fig. -1. View oppo-iti- the azygous side. Fig. 5. Basal view. Baryceinus foi-.mosus, n. sp 33 Fig. (). Azygous vii>w of calyx, arms and column. CVATHOCKINUS TUMIDUI.US, n. sp 31 Fig. 7. View opposite the azygous side showing portion of arms. ZEACBINUS BELLULUS. 11. sp -U Fig. 8. View of ualyx and arras, azygous Bide on the left. i'ALAEOCBINUS TBi.iums. n. ap 4") Fig. 9. Basal view. Fig. 111. Summil view. Fig. II. View opposite the azygous side. ri,ATi-: IV Page. FOBIiESOCBlNUS PYKIFOEMIS, II. sp 17 Fig. 1. View of an almost entire specimen. EUUALIPTOCHINUS WOETHF.NI. n. Sp 53 Fig. 2. ] ateral view of enl.v.\, arms and portion of the column. Taxockinus ckawfokdsvillensis, n. sp iO Fig. 3. Im'eral view of calyx, arras and portion of tlie column. GONIASTEUOIDOOEINUS LYON ANUS, P . Sp 55 Fig 4. View of the vault and lateral prolongations. Onychockinus parvus, n. sp ■•2 Fig. 5. Azygous side view of calyx^ arras and portion of column. Zf.acbinus obesus. n. .sp 35 Fig. G Side view showing the ray opposite the azygous area, on the right. Fig. 7. Azygous view. Fig. 8. Basal view. SOAPHIOOBINUS MAETINEXSIS. n . SP 38 Fig. 9 View showing calyx, part of the arms and part of the ool'iiiiu. Bull<>tiii No. ii. II Aj. state MUS. of NAT. HIST. Plate IV, PI.ATH V Pagb. Batocbinus altiusculus. n. sp 20 Fig. 1. Side view, azygous area on the right. Fig. 2. Azygous view. Fig. 3. Summit view of same .specimen, part of the top being broljen away. Batocrinus aspratilis. n. sp 21 ' Fig. 4. Azygouis view. Fig. 5. Lateral view. Fig. 6 Summit view. Batocbinus scypiius, n. sp 23 Fig. 7. Azygous view. Fig. 8. Lateral view. Fig. 9. Summit view. Batocrinus LAETUS, n. sp 21 Fig. 10. View opposite th'! iizygous area. Fig. 11. View of azygous side. Fig. 12. View of summit of same specimen. Batocrinus iEQUABiLis. n. sp 25 Fig. 13. Azygous view. Fig. 14. View of opposite side. Fig. 1."). Summit of same specimen. Olocbinus blaibi, n. sp 57 Fig. IG. View of azygous side. Fig. 17. Basal view. Fig. 18. View opposite the azygous side. ISiiUctiii No. 3. LL. STATK MUS. OF NAT. HIST. Plate V. tl ^:At WP^Ar^r^^M£/r/t . ^n. TLATi: VI. ' , Page. StBOTOCBINUS VENDSTtlS. n. sp \i>'> ' Fig. 1. Bide and bisal view of the oalyx. HrDREiovooBiscs SAXCTiLUDOvict. Worthen 40 Fig. 2. View of tlie type specimen. ZEArniNUS NlTiDU-s. n. sp 3i; Fig. 3. Azyeous vie\v. Fig. 4. View opposite azygous side. SCAPHIOCRINUS ABBOSUS. n, 8p S!> Fig. .'>. View of azygous side of calyx and arms. UlOCRINUS OCCIDENT alis. n. sp 53 Fig. C. View of llio basal plates, part of two being broken away. Fig. 7. Interior view of the same specimen. Fig. 8. A subradial plate. Aesiocbinu^ angulatus. n. sp 5* Fig. 9. View of calyx, part of an arm, an J three azygoug plates. The specimen is somewhat depressed. Ctath cbimus sigsatus. n. sp S2 Fig. 10. Side view of calyx and part of the arms. Hydeeionocbinus subsisuatus. n. sp 40 Fie. 11. Azygous view of calyx. Fig. 12. Basal v'ew of the same specimen. Fig, IS. Azygous side view of another spfiOiraen preserving part of the spinous second radials. Fig. II. Basal view of the same specimen. Hydreionocrinus noDULiFEBtrs. n. sp 41 Fig. 15. View opposite the azygous area. Fig. 16. Azygous view. Fig. 17. Basal view of the same specimen showing thi" protruding part of the second radials. Hydbeionocbinus cEASsiDiscns, n. sp 43 Fig. 18. Basal view. Fig. 19. Azygous side of calyx. Hydreionocrinus GRANULiFEEus, n sp .- It Fig. 20. Azygous side view of calyx and ono second radial. Fig. 21. Basal view of the same specimen. EuPAcnTCRiNUS PARVUS, n. sp i;i' Fig. 23. Basal view. Fig. 23. Azygous side view. NUCI.BOORINUS GEEENBI. U. SP 62 Fis. 24. Hide view. Fig. 25. Ba.sal view. NUCLEOCEINUS VF.NUSTUS. U. Sp 6^ Figs. 26. 2S and 3i>. Side views. Fig. 27. Summit vii'V.'. Fig. 2!i. Basal view. GRAN.\TOfBINUK RI'H.KROIPAI.IS. n. sp "^"> Fig. 31. Summit view. Fig. 32. }^asal view . Fig. S3. Lateral view— (The artist has overlooked thi' interradial suturesl. ■Obanatocbisus wijjslowi. n. b|i 66 Fig. 31. Side view. Fig. 35. Biiaal view. Bulletin No. ;t. IAj. state mis. of NAT. HIST. Plate VI. PLATE VII. PAGE. LiNOULA INDI4NENSI8. n. Sp 69 Fie. 1. Ventral valve. DiSOINA ILLIN0I8ENSI8. D. bp 70 Fig. 2. Dorsal view. Fig. 3. Interior of ventral valve. Fie. 4. Dorsal valve of another specimen. Fie. 5. Interior of a dorsal valve of another specimen. x DiBCINA MUNDA, n. sp Fig. C. Dorsal view. Fig. 7. Lateral view of the same valve. Eatonia coulteki. n. sp "ri Fig. 8. Ventral view. Fig. !). Dorsal view. Fig. 10. Cardinal view. Fig. 11. Front view. MiCHILINIA BRANNEBI. H. SP Sg Fig. 12. Bide view. Fig. 13, Summit view. CONULAKIA BLAIEI, n. sp 73 Fig. 14. Portion of surface of upper part of shell. Fie. 15. A spoeimcn showing a portion of the inside of a shell. Blaibocbinus spinosulus. n. sp 28 Fig. 16. Azygous view. Fig. 17. Opposite view of same specimen. Fig. 18. Summit view. Campopuvllum kansasensis, n. sp 67 Fie's. 19 and 20. Calyces. Fig's. 21 and 22. Lateral views of same specimens. Bulletin No. 3. ILL. STATK MLS. OF NAT. IIIST. IMato VII (0 (3 I* If 7.T. H. H UNT. o£t. ■ PLATK VIII. Page. CONULAIilA OEATIOSA, D. Sp 74 Fig. 1. Showiug two sides of a sligiitly compiossed sptcimon. CONULAKIA SPEIUJENENSIS, D. SP 74 Fia. 3. View of a sipecimen with both ends destroyed. Illsnus banielsi 76 Fig. 3. Dorsal view of cast. Fig. 4. Anterior view of same specimen. Fig. 5. Pygidium of same . Lichas hanovehensis. n. sp 78 Fig. 6. Front view of head. Fig. 7. Dorsal view of head williout cheeks. Lichas byenesanus. n. sp 78 Fig. 8. Front view of head. Fig. i>. Dortal view of head without cheeks. CeBAURUS MILLEBANUS. n. SP 80 Fig. 10. Dor: al view of a very line specimen. • Bulletin No. :{. ILL. STATE MUS. OK XAT. HIST. '"/'/f/vl ii/#f, ''' 26y 258 m^^rn^ '-"^^^^^^uQi' '^^H^\JWy^¥W\ /H^l^v ,^vww^y/y^ s'w'i'^^yMww^ ;^^,^i^^^^^^; ^.i«; ''m^ ",^M^^fC■HM^ .^J^^Vv^W^Wv ^r^'C^^'O; iv_/i'.''ii, i'^KJ 'mwwy^^Ft^mm I^L^AWItAWH 7^t