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COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,

AT HARVARD COLLEGE, I'AMISRMGE, MASS.

The gift of

.V,

MAR Z 1896

BULLETIN NO. 8
tl)L

OF THE

Illinois State Museum

O]

NATURAL HISTORY

DESCRIPTION OF NEAV AND REMARKABLE FOSSILS

FROM THE PALAEOZOIC ROCKS OF THE

MISSISSIPPI VALLEY.

P.y S. A. MILLER and Wm. F. E. GURLEY.

Springfield, Illinois,
Febeuae-s is, L896.

SPRINGFIELD, ILL.,
Ed. F. Hartman, State Printer,

^1896.

BULLETIN NO. 8

OF THE

IllinoisStateMuseum

OF

NATURAL HISTORY

DESCRIPTION OF NEW AND REMARKABLE FOSSILS

FROM THE PALEOZOIC ROCKS OF THE

MISSISSIPPI VALLEY.

By S. A. MILLER and Wm. F. E. GURLEY.

Springfield, Illinois,
February 18, 1896.

SPRINGFIELD, ILL.,
Ed. F. Habtman, State Printer.

1896.

ILLINOIS STATE MUSEUM

OF

NATURAL HISTORY.

SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS.

Board of Trustees.

John P. Altgeld, Governor.

William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State.

S. M. Inglis, Superintendent of Public Instruction.

George Walter Murray,

Secretary.

William F. E. Gurley,

State Geologist and Curator.

MAR 1896

DESCRIPTION OP NEW AND REMARKABLE FOSSILS,

FROM THE PAL/EOZOIC ROCKS OF THE

MISSISSIPPI VALLEY.

BY S. A. MILLER AND WM. P. E. GURLEY.

SUBKINGDOM ECHINODERMATA.

CLASS CRINOIDEA.
ORDER PAL^OCRINOIDEA.
FAMILY ACTINOCRINID.E.

BATOCRINUS GERMANUS, 11. Sp.

Plate 7, Fdg. 1, basal view; Fig. 2, azygous side, some of the

plates of the vault broken away; Fig. 3, summit

view of the same specimen.

Body medium size, calyx and vault subequal, giving it a
biturbinate or lenticular shape. Calyx moderately truncated at
the base, rapidly spreading and about two and a half times as
wide as high; arm openings directed nearly horizontally or di-
rected upward at an angle of only a few degrees; plates thick,
very highly convex, this convexity on the radial plates being
transverse and angular. No radial ridges. Surface granular.

Basals very short, forming an hexagonal disc, with slight
re-entering angles, deeply notched at the sutures, and project-
ing cuneiform edges a little below the end of the column, and
having a round, deep, columnar depression for the attachment
of the column. The basal disc is about one-half wider than
the diameter of the column. The sutures are notched or beveled
nearly to the first radials, and the columnar cavity is deeper.
First radials about one-half wider than long, three hexagonal,
two heptagonal, with the superior sides slightly arcuate. Each
one is transversely convex, the elevation being obtusely angu-
lar. Second radials quadrangular, and from one-half to twice
as wide as long. Third primary radials rather smaller than

6

the second, pentagonal, axillary, and bear upon each superior
sloping side two secondary radials. The second secondary
radials are axillary, and. in three of the rays, hear upon each
superior sloping side a single tertiary radial, which gives to
each of these rays lour arms. The distal side of each ray ad
joining the azygous area is constructed in the same way. but
the proximal side of each hen--, an axillary, tertiary radial thai
hears single quaternary plates, which arrangemenl gives to
each of these rays five arms. There are, t: twenty-two

arms in this species.

There are three regular Lriterradials in each area, < fol-
lowed by two in the second range, which are cut oil' from the
plates of the vault by the union of the tertiary radials. The
azygous area is large and subovate. The first plate is in line
with the first primarj radials and fully as large. It is followed
by three rather large plates, in the second range three some-
what smaller, in the third range, and these by two smaller
ones, in the fourth range, that unite with a single, elongated
plate belonging to the vault.

The vault is covered with large, convex, polygonal plates
and bears a subcentral proboscis. The proboscis commences
with rather large tumid plates, hut its length is unknown.

In general form this species hears most resemblance to B.
discoideus, bu1 that species has only a single regular interra-
dial in each area, and only seven plates in the azygous ai'ea,
which is cut off from the vault by the union of the radial
plates. All other species from the Burlington Group having
twenty two arms, heretofore described, are B. aspratilis, B. for-
mosus, B. laetus, B. lepidus, B. sinnosus, B. turbinatus, and B.
turbinatus var. elegans. While all these species may he distin-
guished by the general form, proportional size of the plates
ami surface characters, they may also he distinguished by the
interradial and azygous areas. In /.'. aspratilis, there is a sin-
gle large tumid plate in each regular area, and only five plates
in the azygous area, lour of which are subequal in size, and
the other one is a small, quadrangular plate separating them
and resting on the firsl azygous plate. In /-;. formosus, there
are two plates in some of the regular areas and three in oth-
ers, and eleven plates in the azygous area, in B. laetus, there

are two plates in each regular area and Six in the azygous
area, In /•'. It'/ii<htx. there an' three plates in some of the
regular areas and four in others ami twelve plates in the azy

gOUS area. In B. SirmOSUS, there are from six m eighl plates

in each regular area, and fifteen or sixteen in the azygous
area, and all the areas connect with the vault. In B. turbina-
ius, there are three plates, one following the other, or three
ranges, the middle one having two plates in each regular inter -
radial area, and ten plates in the azygous area, the last one of
which is elongated and connects with the plates of the vault.
In B. turbinatus, var. elegans, there arc three plates in each
regular area, one following the other, and eight or nine plates
in the azygous area. B. aspratilis and B. laeius were described
from Sedalia, Missouri, and among the forms received from
there we have recognized B. discoideus and B. turbinatus, which
were described from Burlington, Iowa.

Found by R. S. Blair, in the Burlington Group, at Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

BATOCRIXI'S PROXIMUS, U. Sp.

Plate I, Fig. 4, basal view; Fig. 5, side view.

Body medium size, somewhat biturbinate, though the calyx
is larger than the vault. Calyx obconoidal, most rapidly
spreading toward the free arms, truncated at the base, a little
less than twice as wide as high; arm openings directed upward
at an angle of twenty or thirty degrees: plates tumid, leaving
the sutures much depressed; surface finely granular.

Basals form a short, hexagonal disc, with slight re-entering
angles. The disc is notched at the sutures, and has a round,
deep, columnar depression for the attachment of the column;
it is less than twice the diameter of the column. The basal
plates expand below and project cuneiform edges below the end
of the column. First radials from one-half wider to twice as
wide as long, three hexagonal, two heptagonal, with the supe-
rior edges slightly arcuate. Second primary radials quadran-
gular, from two to two and a half times as wide as high. Third
primary radials larger than the second, pentagonal, axillary,
and bear upon each superior sloping side two secondary radials.
The second secondary radials are axillary, and, in three of the
rays, bear upon each superior sloping side two tertiary radials.
which gives to each of these rays four arms. The distal side
of each ray, adjoining the azygous area, is constructed in the
same way, but the proximal side of each bears an axillary,
tertiary radial that supports quaternary plates, which arrange-
ment gives to each of these rays five arms. There are, there
fore, twenty-two arms in this species.

8

There are three regular interradials, in each area, one, fol-
lowed by two of unequal size, in the second range, which are
cut off from the plates of the vault by the union of the tertiary
radials. The azygous area contains seven plates. The first
one is in line with the first primary radials and fully as Large
as any of them. It is followed by three rather large plates,
subequal in size, in the second range, and by three smaller
plates in the third range, that are cut off from the plates of
the vault by the union of the quaternary plates.

The vault is covered with highly convex or tumid polygonal
plates and bears a subcentral px'oboscis, which is not preserved
in our specimens.

The general form of this species will readily distinguish it
from such twenty- two armed species as B. discoideus, and B.
germanus, without calling attention to the extra tertiary radial,
in each series, or the differences in the interradial areas. It is
more like B. Indus than any other described species, but may
be distinguished by the general character of the plates,
which is conspicuous when the basals are compared, and by
the direction of the arm openings, as well as by the interradial
areas. In that species there are two regular interradials in each
area, and in this species there are three. In that species there
are six azygous plates, and in this species there are seven. In
this species the calyx expands more rapidly than in that one,
and the vault is elevated, in that species, over the arm openings
more than it is in this one.

Found by R. A. Blair, in the Burlington Group, at Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

BATOCRINUS HODGSONI, U. Sp.

Plate I, Fi>i. a, azygous side; Fig. 7, side view. The specimen

is com}>rcssed so as to widen the side view and contract

the azygous view.

Species medium size, biturbinate, calyx larger than the vault.
Calyx bell-shaped, rounded below and most rapidly expanding
as the arms are approached; nearly as high as wide. Arm
openings directed very little above a horizontal line. No
radial ridges. Plates convex only in the region of the last
radials. Surface smooth or finely granular.

I'.asals form a cup about half as high as wide and truncated
by a small column and bearing a concave facet for its attach-
ment. First radials larger than the basals and rather longer

9

than wide, three hexagonal, two heptagonal and rising almost
vertically from the basals. Second radials quadrangular, about
half as wide as the first, but nearly twice as wide as long.
Third radials a little larger than the second, three hexagonal,
two pentagonal, axillary and bear upon each superior sloping
side the secondary radials. In the ray opposite the azygous
side and in one of the lateral rays there are two secondary
radials, in each series, the last one much longer than the first,
which gives to each of these rays two arms. In each ray ad-
joining the azygous ai-ea there are two secondary radials on
the distal side and one on the proximal side which is axillary
and bears upon each upper sloping side a single tertiary
radial. One of the lateral rays is constructed in the same
way. Each of these three rays bears three arms. It is also
to be observed that the radials which support the arms are
longer than those immediately below. There are, therefore, in
this species thirteen arms.

In one of the regular interradial areas there are three plates,
one followed by two in the second range. In the other areas
there are only two plates, one following the other. These
areas do not connect with the vault. In the azygous area
there are seven jilates. The first one is in line with the first
primary radials and is the largest plate in the body. It is
followed by three plates in the second range and three in the
third range. The middle plate in the third range is elongated,
separates the tertiary radials and unites with two plates be-
longing to the vault.

Vault elevated, convex, and bears a submarginal proboscis.
It is covered with large, polygonal, smooth plates.

This is the first species of Batocrinus bearing only thirteen
arms that has ever been described, from the Burlington Group,
and its arm formula, therefore, is sufficient to distinguish it
from all other species. In form, it approaches more nearly
B. christyi, which has twenty arms, than any other species.

Pound by Mr. C. S. Hodgson, a naturalist of Albion, Illinois,
in whose honor I have proposed the specific name, in the
Burlington Group, in Adams County, Illinois, and now in the
collection of S. A. Miller.

BATOCRINUS ARGUTUS, n. Sp.

Plate I, Fig. 8, azygous side; Fig. 9, opposite view.

Body medium size, calyx and vault, subequal in size, making
it biturbinate. Calyx rather broadly truncated below, and most

—2

10

rapidly spreading toward the free arms. About twice as wide
as high. Arm openings directed nearly horizontally. No
radial ridges. Plates thick and highly convex or tumid. Sur-
face granular.

Basals form an hexagonal disc, with slight re-entering angles,
deeply notched at the sutures, and project cuneiform edges,
slightly expanding, below the end of the column. The basal
disc is about one-half wider than the diameter of the column,
and bears a deep concave depression for the attachment of the
column. First radials about one-half wider than long, three
hexagonal, two heptagonal, and transversely, highly tumid.
Second radials quadrangular, and from two to three times as
wide as long. Third primary radials about one-half larger
than the second, pentagonal, axillary, and bears upon each
upper sloping side secondary radials. In four of the rays
there are, upon each upper sloping side of the third primary
radials, two secondary radials the last one being axillary and
supporting upon each upper sloping side two tertiary radials,
which gives to each of these rays four arms. In the ray on
the left of the azygous area, there are, on the distal side of
the third primary radial, two secondary radials, the last being
axillary and supporting, on one side, a single tertiary radial,
and upon the other two tertiary radials. The third primary
radial bears on the proximal side two secondary radials, the
last being axillary and bearing on the distal side two tertiary
radials, and on the proximal side one tertiary radial which is
axillary and bears on the distal side one quaternary radial
which gives to this ray five arms. There are, therefore, in
this species twenty one arms.

There are two regular interradials in each area. The first
one is large and tumid, the second one small. There are six
plates in the azygous area. The lirst one is in line with the
first primary radials, tumid and about as high as wide. It is
followed by three tumid plates in the second range and by two
smaller plates in the third range, that are cut off, by the ter-
tiary and quaternary radials. from all connection with the
vault.

The vault is elevated, convex, covered with tumid, polygonal
plates, and bears a huge, subcentral proboscis. The plate at
the base of the proboscis opposite the azygous area is the
largest plate connected with the vault.

This is the first species of Batocrinus, bearing twenty-one
arms, that has been described, from the Burlington Group,

11

and its arm formula, therefore, is sufficient to distinguish it
from all other species. In form, it approaches B. laetus which
has twenty-two arms, but may also be distinguished from it
by the azygous area and other peculiarities.

Pound by R. A. Blair, in the Burlington Group, at Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

BATOCRINUS BASILICUS, 11. Sp.

Plate J, Fig. 10, azygous side; Fig. 11, opposite view; Fig. 12,

summit view.

Body medium or below medium size and somewhat biturbi-
nate, though the calyx is decidedly larger than the vault.
Calyx truncated below and obconoidal above, though spreading
most rapidly as the free arms are approached About twice as
wide as high. Arm openings directed horizontally. No radial
ridges. Plates convex. Surface granular.

Basals very short and form a low hexagonal disc, with slight
re-entering angles. The basal disc is about one-third wider
than the diameter of the column and bears a shallow, radiately
lined, concave depression for the attachment of the column.
First radials a little wider than high, three hexagonal, two
heptagonal, with the superior sides slightly arcuate. Second
radials quadrangular, about half as wide as the first radials,
but two or three times as wide as long. Third primary radials
about the size of the second, pentagonal, axillary and bear upon
each superior sloping side two secondary radials, the last one
of which is axillary and bears upon each upper sloping side,
in three of the rays, a single tertiary radial, which gives to
each of these rays four arms. In each ray adjoining the azy-
gous area there is, on the distal side of the distal second,
secondary radial, an axillary tertiary radial, which bears upon
each superior sloping side a single quaternary radial, and on
the proximal side two tertiary radials; and on the distal side
of the proximal second secondary radial, two tertiary radials,
and on the proximal side a single axillary tertiary radial,
which bears upon each upper sloping side a single quaternary
radial, which arrangement gives to each of these rays six arms.
There are, therefore, twenty-four arms in this species.

There are three plates in each regular interradial area, one
followed by two small ones in the second range that do not
connect with the vault. There are ten plates in the azygous
area. The first one is in line with the first primary radials,

11'

and the largesl plate in the body. It is followed by three
plates in the second range, three smaller ones in the third
range, two in the fourth range and one narrow, elongated
plate in the fifth range, that separates the quaternary radials
and unites with two plates that belong to the vault.

Vault convex, moderately depressed toward the interradial
areas and strongly depressed toward the azygous area, and
covered with numerous convex, polygonal plates. It bears a
rather, large, subcentral proboscis.

This is the only species of Batocrinus having twenty-four
arms, from the Burlington Group, except B. quasillus, and it
is so different, in general form and in the structure of the azy-
gous and interradial areas from that species, that no compari-
son is necessary to distinguish it. It is quite unnecessary to
compare it with any other species.

Found by R. A. Blair, in the Burlington Group, at Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

BATOCRINUS ASPERATUS, n. sp.

Plate I, Fig. 13, azygous view; Fig. 14, side view.

Body about medium size, lateruiform or urn-shaped. Calyx
broadly truncated below and slowly expanding above; about
one-third wider than high. Arm openings directed upward at
an angle of about thirty degrees. No radial ridges. Plates
tumid and spiniform. Surface smooth or finely granular.

Basals short, forming an hexagonal disc, with re-entering
angles, deeply notched at thesutures and projecting cuneiform
edges below the end of the column and having a shallow con-
cave depression for the attachment of the column. The basal
disc is more than one-half wider than the diameter of the
column. First radials a little wider than high, three hexag-
onal, two heptagonal, and each one bears a transverse cuneiform
spine. Second radials quadrangular, two or three times as wide
as long. Third radials larger than the second, pentagonal, ax-
illary, and support on each upper sloping side two secondary
radials, the last one being axillary and supporting on each
upper sloping side a single tertiary radial, excepl on the prox-
imal sides of the rays adjoining the azygous area, where there
are two tertiary radials. There are. therefore, four arms to
each ray, or twenty arms in this species. There is only one
regular interradial in each area and it is spiniform. In the
azygOUS area there are lour spiniform plates. The tirst one is

13

in line with the first primary radials, and it is followed by
three plates, in the second range, that are cut off from the
vault by the tertiary radials.

The vault is convex and covered with polygonal spiniform
plates and bears a very small, central proboscis (?). Two
plates appear to be broken out of the center of the summit of
our specimen, and if they indicate a proboscis it was quite
small, probably not elevated much above the summit of the
vault.

This is a very peculiar species, having a shape somewhat
like Eretmocrinns konincki, which is a Batocrinus, but distin-
guished from it by having twenty instead of eighteen arms,
four instead of ten plates in the azygous area, by having the
azygous area cut off from the vault instead of being connected
with it, and by having a much smaller proboscis, more spini-
form plates and other peculiarities.

Pound by Mr. C. S. Hodgson, in the Burlington Group, in
Adams county, Illinois, and now in the collection of S. A.
Miller.

BATOCRINUS ASPER, 11. Sp.

Plate I, Fig. 15, basal view; Fig. 16, azygous side of calyx, -pari

of one of the teriiary radials over ihe azygous

area is broken away.

Species medium size. Calyx low, broadly truncated and
rapidly expanded. Nearly three times as wide as high. Plates
very tumid and radiately furrowed. Vault, proboscis and arms
unknown.

Basals form a flat, hexagonal disc with strong, re-entering
angles. It is on a level with the lower, flattened face of the
first primary radials and bears a slightly concave, radiately
lined facet for the attachment of the column, which is about
equal to half the diameter of the disc. The columnar canal is
of moderate size and cinquefoil. First primary radials a little
wider than long, three hexagonal, two heptagonal, and sculptured
pyramidal. Second primary radials quadrangular, about one-
half wider than long and sculptured pyramidal. Third primary
radials a little larger than the second, pentagonal, axillary,
pyramidal, and bear upon each superior sloping side a single
secondary radial, which is axillary and bears upon each upper
sloping side a single tertiary radial, which gives to each ray
four arm openings to the vault. There are, therefore, twenty
arms in this species.

14

There are three regular interradials in each area, one
pyramidal plate followed by two small ones that are cut off
from the vault by the tertiary radials. There are four plates
in the azygous area. The first one is in line with the first
primary radials of the same size. It is followed by only two
plates in the second range and one plate in the third range,
which is cut off from the vault by the tertiary radials.

The sculpturing of this species is quite different from that
of any other twenty armed species. The form, too, is differenl
and so is the azygous area. It connot be mistaken for any
other species.

Found by R. A. Blair in the Burlington Group, at Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

BATOCRINUS ADAMSENSIS, 11. Sp.

Plate I, Fig. 33, azygous side; Fig. 34, opposite view, Fig. 35,

summit view.

Species below medium size. Calyx bowl-shaped, slightly
pentagonal, which is most strongly marked when seen from
above; less than one-half wider than high. Plates convex;
sutures distinct. Radial ridges undefined, though interradial
areas are somewhat flattened. Surface finely granular.
Column medium size and pierced by a large, cinquefoil canal.

Basals form a low, hexagonal disc, which slightly expands
upward and has a diameter full twice as great as the diameter
of the column. The lower and outward sides of the basals are
convex or rounded. The first primary radials are large and
have a height nearly as greac as the diameter, three hexagonal
and two heptagonal. Second primary radials small, quad-
rangular, two or three times as wide as high. Third primary
radials ahout twice as large as the second, pentagonal, axillary
and support on each superior sloping side two secondary
radials. There are, therefore, ten arms in this species.

All of the interradial areas connect with the plates belong
ing to the vault. In the regular interradial areas the first
plate is followed by two elongated plates in the second range,
which unite with one or two plates which separate the arms
and unite with the plates of the vault. In the type specimen,
two plates may be distinguished in the third range, in three
of the areas, but'in the other area oaly one can be distinguished,
though possibly there are two also. The first plate in the
azygous area is the largesl plate in the body. It is longer

15

nan a first primary radial and in line with thorn. It is followed
by three plates in the second range, two quite small plates in
the third range and three plates in the fourth range that
separate the arms and unite with four plates belonging to the
vault.

The vault is only moderately convex and terminates in a
large subcentral proboscis, that is broken away from our
specimen. The vault is covered with numerous, slightly
convex, polygonal plates.

This is the first ten armed species of Batocrinus described
from the Burlington Group, and is so far removed from all
others that no comparison with any of them is necessary.

Found by C. S. Hodgson in the Burlington Group, in Adams
County, Illinois, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

BATOCRINUS FOLLICULUS. n. Sp.

Plate I, Fig. 36, azygous view; Fig. 37, opposite side; Fig. 38,

summit view.

Species medium or below medium size and ovoid in outline.
Calyx broadly rounded below and contracted above the third
radials so as to make it somewhat globular. The length is
about equal to the diameter at the bases of the arms, but the
greatest diameter is below, in the region of the third primary
radials. Plates convex and sutures distinct. No radial ridges.
Surface finely granular. Column small.

Basals form a very low hexagonal disc, which expands up-
ward and is concave below for the reception of a small column
The basals are so short that they hardly interrupt the general
globular form of the calyx below. First primary radials rap-
idly expand and with the radials form a low saucer-shaped
cup. Their length is nearly equal to their breadth, three hex-
agonal and two heptagonal. Second primary radials, quadran-
gular, and from one-half wider to twice as wide as long. Third
primary radials very little if any larger than the second, pen-
tagonal, axillary, and support on each superior sloping side
two secondary radials. There are, therefore, ten arms in this
species.

The first regular interradials are large, convex plates. There
are two plates in the second range, one of which is elongated
and in some of the areas appears to connect with a plate be-
longing to the vault, and, in other areas, the last secondary
radials appear to unite and cut off the interradial area. The

16

first azygous plate is in line with the first primary radials, and
though longer is somewhat smaller than either of them. It is
followed by two large, nearly equal plates, in the second
range, one in the third range, and one narrow, elongated plate
in the fourth range that unites with the plates of the vault.

The vault is conoidal and terminates in a large subcentral
proboscis, which is broken off in our specimen, as shown in
the illustration. The vault is covered with a few large, convex
plates.

It is unnecessary to compare this species with B. adamsensis,
above described, and it is so different from all other Ratocrinus
that no comparison with any of them will show any near affinity
to it. It is a well marked and peculiar species.

Pound by R. A. Blair, in the Burlington Group, at Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

BATOCRINUS MODULUS, 11. Sp.

Plate I, Fig. 39, basal view; Fig. 40, azygous side; Fig. 41,

summit view.

Species small. Calyx broadly rounded below, hemispherical,
nearly two and a half times as wide as high. No radial ridges
or convex plates. Arm openings directed upward at an angle
of ten or twenty degrees. Surface granular.

Basals substantially covered by the end of the column, and
bear a moderately concave depression for the attachment of
the column, which is also supported by a little rim around the
outside of the concavity. First primary radials nearly as long
as wide, three hexagonal, two heptagonal. Second primary
radials quadrangular, three or four times as wide as long
Third primary radials about one-half larger than the second,
pentagonal, axillary, and in the ray opposite the azygous area
bears upon each upper sloping side two secondary radials,
which gives to this ray two arms. In one of the lateral rays
the third primary radial supports upon each superior lateral
side a single secondary radial which is axillary and supports
on each upper sloping side a single tertiary radial, which gives
to this ray four arms. In each ray adjoining the azygous
area the third primary radial bears upon the distal side two
secondary radials and on the proximal side one secondary ra-
dial which is axillary and bears upon each superior sloping
side a single tertiary radial, which gives to each of these rays

17

three arms. The other lateral ray is constructed, in like man
ner, and bears three arms. There are, therefore, fifteen arms
in the species.

There are two regular interradials in each area, one follow-
ing the other and cut off from the vault by the union of the
secondary and tertiary radials. In the azygous area there are
four plates. The first is in line with the first primary radials
and of about the same size It is followed by three plates in
the secoud range, the middle one of which is large and elon
gated and extends to the plates of the vault.

The vault is highly convex, covered with polygonal plates
and bears a very small, subcentral proboscis, which is broken
off at the top of the vault in our specimen.

This species is quite peculiar in its form and structure and
the first species ever described, from the Burlington Group,
which possessed fifteen arms.

Pound by Mr. C. S. Hodgson, in the Burlington Group, in
Adams county, Illinois, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

BATOCRINI'S NAM'S, 11. sp.

Plate I. Fig. 42, azygous view; Fig. 43, opposite side; Fig. 44,

summit view.

Species small, below medium size, biturbinate, calyx larger
than the vault. Calyx obconoidal, somewhat pentagonal, in the
superior part, by reason of a flattening or slight depression of
the interradial areas; about one-half wider than high. Radial
ridges undefined. Plates slightly convex; surface finely granular.

Basals form a low hexagonal disc, but are so injured in our
specimen that a }}articular definition cannot be given of them.
First primary radials large, nearly as long as wide, three hex-
agonal, two heptagonal. Second primary radials small, from
one-half wider to twice as wide as long, quadrangular. Third
primary radials about one-half larger than the second, pentago-
nal, axillary, and support on each superior sloping side a sin-
gle secondary radial. There are, therefore, ten arms in this
species.

All of the interradial areas connect with plates belong-
ing to the vault. In the regular interradial areas the first
plate is followed by two plates, in the second range, which
unite with two plates, about on a level with the top of the sec-
ondary radials. The last two jdates cover part of the ambulacral
canals and, therefore, properly belong to the vault. The first
plate, in the azygous area, is longer than a first primary radial,
—3

18

and nearly as large and in line with them. It is followed by three
plates in the second range, which are subequal, in size. These
are followed by two plates in the third range that unite with
three plates belonging to the vault.

The vault is obconoidal and is produced in a large subcentral
proboscis. It is covered with numerous, convex, polygonal
plates.

This species most resembles B. adamsensis and seems to have
no near affinity with any other described species. The two spe-
cies, however, may be readily distinguished by the general form,
for this species is much more elongate and biturbinate, in outline,
than that species. There is only one secondary radial in this
species, and there are two in that. The plates in the azygous
areas are quite different, and there is one more range, having
three plates, in that species, than there is in this.

Found in the Burlington Group, by R. A. Blair, at Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

BATOCR1NUS CISTULA, n. Sp.

Plate I, Fig. 24, azygous view, a little comj>ressed on one side;
Fig. 25, basal view; Fig. 26, summit view.

This species is medium size. Calyx bowl-shaped, moderately
truncated below and rounding and spreading to the arms:
about twice as wide as high. Plates moderately convex ami
beveled toward the sutures. Ambulacral openings directed up-
ward at an angle of ten to twenty degrees. No radial ridges.

The basals form an hexagonal disc thai bears a rounded rim
or band around the end of the column. The disc bears a con
cave, radiately furrowed depression for the attachment of the
column- First primary radials large, from one half wider to
twice as wide as long, three hexagonal, two heptagonal.
Second primary radials, about half as large as the first, quad-
rangular, from two and a half to three times as wide as long.
Third primary radials about as large or smaller than the
second primary radials, two hexagonal, Ihree pentagonal,
axillary, and in four of the rays support upon each superior
sloping side two secondary radials, the last being axillary and
bearing upon each upper sloping side two secondary radials,
In some of the rays there are three secondary radials, which
gives to each of these rays four arms. In the ray opposite
the azygous area the third primary radial bears upon each
upper side three >< mm mda ry radials, which gives to this ray
two arms. There are, therefore, eighteen arms in this species
and eighteen arm openings to the vault.

There are three plates in each regular interradial area, one
large plate followed by two small ones, that are cut off from
any connection with the vault. The azygous area contains
eight plates. The first one is in line with the first primary
radials and fully as large. It is followed by three large
plates, subequal in size, in the second range, and these by
three small plates, in the third range, that are surmounted by a
single plate in the fourth range that unites with two plates
belonging to the vault.

The vault is somewhat elevated over the ambulacral open-
ings, and convex toward the center, which bears a proboscis,
that is broken off in our specimen just above the summit. It
is covered with numerous, convex, polygonal plates, some of
which bear central nodes. We are unable to discover any
ovarian pores. It is probable, that, in some species, the
ovarian pores were on the sides of the arms near the calyx,
if the pores are correctly named. We know, that in some genera,
as in Dolatoorinus, they vary in their places of exit from in-
terradially on the vault to the base of the arms, and we see
no reason why the channels may not have been carried up the
ambulacral furrows one or more plates beyond the commence-
ment of the free arms.

This species is distinguished by its general form, by having
only eighteen arms, three regular interradials cut off from the
vault and eight azygous plates, the last one connecting with
the vault. These peculiarities do not exist in any other de-
scribed species. It is probably as closely related to B. labellum,
from the Keokuk Group, as to any other species, though a
glance will distinguish them on account of the general form
and surface of the plates, beside the interradial areas are not
alike, and, in that species, the azygous area is cut off from
the vault, and in this species it is connected with the vault.

Found by Dr. M. N. Elrod in the St. Louis Group, at
Lanesville, Indiana, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E.
Gurley.

20

BATOCRINDS JESSIK.K. U. sp.

Plate I, Fig. 27, azygous view of a specimen with basals and part

of first radials broken off; Fig. 28, summit of same; Fig.

29, basal view of same specimen. Fig 30, lower

part of the calyx of ivhat is believed to be

another specimen ; Fig. 31, azygous

view of what is supposed to be a

cast of the same species; Fig.

32, basal view of the cast.

Species medium size. Calyx somewhat bell-shaped, truncated
below, cylindrical, in the region of the first primary radials,
and then rapidly expands to the Tree arms and is deeply
notched in the interradial areas. The secondary radials project
horizontally beyond the interradial areas. The plates are plain
and smooth. Column round and small. Columnar canal minute.

The basals are about twice as wide as high and form a low
cup slightly beveled at the basal sutures and having a small
basal rim. It bears an hemispherical depression, radiately lined,
for the insertion of the column. The diameter of the column
is about half the diameter of the basal disc. The first radials
are about as Ions as wide, three hexagonal and two heptagonal.
They stand nearly vertical on the basals and form a round
cylinder. Second radials comparatively very small, quadrangu-
lar, from one-half wider to twice as wide as high. Third pri-
mary radials of unequal size, larger than the second primary
radials, three heptagonal. one hexagonal, one pentagonal, axil-
lary and each bears on each superior sloping side two secondary
radials. Each second secondary radial, in lour of the rays, is
channeled by two ambulacra] furrows, which gives four ambu-
lacra! openings to the vault, in each of these rays, without the
existence, apparently at least, not only as shown by the speci-
men preserving the plates bu1 by the cast also, of any tertiary
radials. In the ray opposite the azygous area there are also
two secondary radials (only one is shown in the illustration.
because the other is broken off from the specimen), bul there
are only two ambulacra! openings to the vault. There are,
therefore, eighteen ambulacra! openings to the vault in this

species.

All of the interradial areas conned with the vault. In each
regular interradial area there are five plates. One of moderate
size iii the lirsl range, two small ones in the second range and
two elongated plates in the third range thai curve over between

2\

the secondary radial plates and connect with the plates of the
vault. There are eight or more plates in the azygous area.
The first one is in line with the first primary radials and of
about the same size. It is followed by a range of three plates
and above the plate on the left there is a small intercalated
plate, and, above these, there are three plates that connect
with the plates of the vault. In fact, they interlock with the
plates of the vault so that there is no distinct line between the
plates of the calyx and those belonging to the vault. There
is also a minute plate intercalated above the second range on
the right, as shown on the specimen preserving the plates,
but it is not indicated on the cast. There is a little difference,
in the upper part of the azygous areas, between the cast and
the specimen having the plates, and the cast indicates nine
plates in the area; but, on the whole, we think the cast be-
longs to this species.

The vault is convex and is covered with convex polygonal
plates and bears a central proboscis that is broken off from our
specimens. The cast shows the ambulacral channels are flat-
tened on the superior side, but have a depth equal to the flat-
tened diameter. The ambulacral openings are within the mar-
gin of the stellate projections of the radials and appear to be
directed upward, notwithstanding that the lower side of the
radials is projected horizontally, and the cast shows the am-
bulacral openings to be directed horizontally.

This is a very distinct and peculiar species that can hardly
be compared with any other. It would seem to be as near B.
aslericus as to any other species, though that species has
twenty arms, rounded basals, and altogether different regular
areas and azygous area.

Found by R. A. Blair, in the Burlington Group, at Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller. The spe-
cific name is intended as a compliment to the accomplished
daughter of R. A. Blair, who has assisted her father so much
in collecting and making known the fauna of the Chouteau and
Burlington Groups of Missouri.

22

BATOOK1NTS SOLITAKH'S. 11. Sp.

Plate II, Fig. 8, side view; Fig. 9, azygous view; Fig. 10, summit

of same specimen, part of the ran It is gone; Fig. 11, basal

view of same, part of the Jiang e is broken off

of the basal plates.

This species is above medium size, somewhat urn-shaped or
laterniform, and possesses remarkably large flanging basal
plates, such as have been made a generic character for Ereimo-
cinus, but more than half of the vault is preserved and there is
no evidence of a proboscis, or even of an azygous orifice, though
the plates are preserved from the azygous side straight back to a
small, convex, central plate, shown in figure 10. The calyx is
very broadly truncated at the base and expands but little and
very gradually above. The diameter is about one-fourth more
than the height. The radial series are more prominent than the
interradial areas, in consequence of which, the latter appear to
be somewhat flattened. The plates are either convex or nodose.
The column appears to have been comparatively small.

The basal plates form a thin, broad, concave disc, the depth of
the concavity is nearly equal to their height, and, in the center of
the concavity, there is a concave depression for the insertion of
the small column. The tirst primary radials are unequal in size,
from two to three times as wide as high, each hears a tranverse,
cuneiform node, three hexagonal, two heptagonal. Second pri-
mary radial i about three times as wide as high, quadrangular.
Third primary radials one-half larger than the second, nodose,
pentagonal, axillary, and support on each upper sloping side two
secondary radials, the last ones of which are axillary and sup-
port on each upper Sloping side two tertiary radials. This is
the structure of two rays and of one-half of each of two other
rays, one of which is opposite the azygous area, we believe,
therefore, that all of the rays are substantially alike and that the
species bears twenty arms and twenty ambulacra! openings to
the vault.

None of the interradial areas connect with the vault. In the
r 'ular interradial areas there are three plates, one large nodose
plate followed by two small ones. In the azygous area there
an' seven plates, the first one is in line with the tirst primary ra-
dials and nearly as large, it is followed by three plates, in the
second range, and three plates in the third range, which are cut
off from the vault by the union of the tertiary radials above them

23

More than half of the vault is preserved in our specimen. It
is elevated over the arm openings and gently convex centrally.
The plates are polygonal, the smaller ones convex, and the
larger ones nodose. The central plate is nodose, and surrounded
by seven plates. The plates are preserved from the central
plate to the middle of the azygous area and there are no indica-
tions of an orifice or proboscis. Evidently there is no proboscis,
in the species, and if an orifice, it was. in our specimen, out of
the normal position. No ovarian pores are visible.

This is a peculiar species so different in form and all specific
characters from others that no comparison is necessary to be
made with any of them.

Found by C. S. Hodgson, in the Burlington Group, in Adams
county Illinois, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

AGARICOCRINUS HODGSONI, n. Sp.

Plate I, Fig. 17, basal view; Fig. 18, summit view; Fig. 19,
azygous side view; Fig. 20, view ojrposife the azygous area.

Species robust and medium or above medium size. Calyx
slightly convex in the lower part, but depressed in the region
of the third radials. Outline ovate. Plates thick, more or less
convex, and part of them subspinous. Arm openings directed
below a horizontal line.

Basals form an hexagonal disc about one-half wider than the
diameter of the column, that contains a moderately concave
depression, radiately lined near the margin for the attachment
of the column. The columnar canal is small and cinquefoil.
The first primary radials are the largest plates in the calyx, a
little wider than long, three hexagonal, two heptagonal. All
of them are sculptured, so as to be pyramidal, the apices ex-
tending below the basals so that a specimen laid upon a table
will rest upon these plates and the point of the first azygous
plate. Second primary radials, quadrangular, transversely
convex, about three times as wide as long. Third primary
radials very little, if any, larger than the second, transversely
convex, pentagonal, axillary, and, in three of the rays, sup-
port on each upper sloping side two secondary radials, which
gives to each of these rays two arms. On the distal side of
each third primary radial adjoining the azygous area there are
two secondary radials, and on the proximal side a single sec-
ondary radial, which is axillary and supports upon the distal
superior sloping side a single tertiary radial, and on the prox?

24

imal side two tertiary radials, which gives to each of these
rays three arms. There are, therefore, in this species twelve
arms. The last tertiary and secondary radial, in each series,
is highly convex and the convexity extends below that of the
secondary radial and third primary radial below it, which
leaves a circular depression between the first primary radials
and the last secondary and tertiary radials. The margin of
the caiyx thus seems to hang down and the ambulacral open-
ings are exposed, in a basal view, while they cannot be seen
in a summit view.

There are three plates in each regular interradial area, the
first one rests between the superior sloping sides of the first
primary radials and extends up between the first secondary
radials. It is followed by two narrow elongated plates that
connect with two plates belonging to the vault. The first azy-
gous plate is in line with the first primary radials, nearly as
large and heptagonal. It is followed by three plates in the
second range, the middle one being the larger and extending
to a plate belonging to the vault. On each side of the su
perior end of this middle plate there is an elongated narrow
plate abutting the first tertiary radial and extending to the
plates of the vault. There are, therefore, six plates in the
azygous area belonging to the calyx.

The vault is only moderately convex, and is covered with
large, polygonal, tumid plates that hang over the margin so
as to hide the ambulacral openings from a summit view. At
the margin of the azygous area there is an elliptical, bulbous
prominence that shows no indication of having an orifice, from
an azygous side view; but on the top of it there is a small
opening partly surrounded by small plates. The orifice is ir-
regular and an examination of it leads to the inference that it
was covered by small plates. Indeed, there can be little
doubt about it; and, if the orifice was not closed, by small
plates, it was minute and not the kind one would expect to
find in such a robust species.

This is a strongly marked species, so different, in all
aspects, from those hitherto described, that no comparison will
aid in distinguishing it.

Found by C. S. Hodgson, in whose honor we have proposed
the specific name, in the Burlington Group, in Adams county,
Illinois, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller,

A.GARICOCR1NUS ItiLINOISENSIS, n. Sp.

Plate I, Fig. 21, basal view: Fig. 22, summit view; Fig. 23, azy-

gous side view.

Species medium or rather below medium size. Calyx very
low, moderately concave in the region of the basals and first
primary radials, then gradually rounds over on the radial
series, which are produced nearly on a level, while the plates
curve up in the interradial areas. The concavity at the place
of attachment of the column is about on a level with the dor
sal side of the last secondary radials. The outline of the calyx
is pentagonal with slightly concave sides for the depressed in-
terradial areas. Plates thick, smooth or granular. Ambulac-
ral openings elongated, directed upward and not visible in a
basal view. Column medium size.

Basals form an hexagonal disc that is nearly or quite covered
by the column. The first primary radials are elongated, trans-
versely concave to correspond with the basal concavity, three
hexagonal and two heptagonal. Second radials much smaller
than the first, quadrangular, and from one-half wider to twice
as wide as long. Third primary radials shorter and wider than
the second, pentagonal, axillary, and support on each upper
sloping side three secondary radials, the last one of which
commences the double series of arm plates, but the inner half
connects with a plate belonging to the vault that separates the
ambulacral canals, and, therefore, does not belong to the free
arms. There are only ten arms in this species, and ten arm
openings to the vault. The arms evidently consist of the
usual double series of plates united by a zigzag suture.

There is one regular interradial in each area. It is elongated
and has nine sides. It rests between the short superior lateral
sides of the first primary radials, separates the primary and
secondary radials and connects its superior, narrow elongation,
by a short truncated end, with a plate belonging to the vault,
midway between the arms, at the top of the calyx. The first
azygous plate is in line with the first primary radials and of
the same general form, though longer and narrower, and of
course heptagonal. It is followed by three plates, in the sec-
ond range, the lateral ones are short and heptagonal, the mid-
dle one is elongated, hexagonal and unites its superior trun-
cated end. with a plate belonging to the vault, midway between
the arms, at the top of the calyx. The vault is low, most
convex centrally, and the pentagonal outline, at the margin,

26

becomes obsolete toward the center. The capacity of the vault
is less than that of the shallow calyx. The vault bears a
rather large, convex, central plate and is otherwise covered
with small and less convex polygonal plates. The Large tumid
plates that usually extend from the arms to the summit in this
genus, do not characterize this species. The azygous orifice is
not elevated or situated on a tumid swelling, as is usual in
this genus, but is surrounded by small plates and a short side
of the large central plate.

The depressed, short body, pentagonal outline of the calyx,
small plates of the vault, single interradials, four azygous
plates and ten arms are features that distinguish this species
from all others. There is no described species, from the Bur-
lington Group, with which it can be said to have much re-
semblance, but in its short body and general form it partakes
of the character of A. blairi, from the Chouteau limestone.
though the latter has only nine arms, is subquadrate in out-
line, and has more plates in the azygous and regular areas
than this species has. It cannot be mistaken for any other
described species.

Pound by C. S. Hodgson, in the Burlington Group, in Adams
county, Illinois, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

AMPHORACHIM S BLAIRI, 11. sp.

Plate I, Fig. 45, basal view; Fig. 46, same magnified tiro diameters;
Fig. 47, summit view; Fig. 48, same magnified tiro diameters:
• Fig. 49, azygous side; Fig, 50, same magnified tiro diam-
eters. It will he observed thai one of the rays ad-
joining the azygous area is injured, so it
is not shown in the illustrations.

Species very small. Calyx broadly rounded below, bowl
shaped, or somewhat hemispherical. About twice as wide as
high. Surface of test granular. No radial cidges.

I!:isals form an hexagonal disc one half wider than the
diameter of the column. First primary radials about as long
:is wide, three hexagonal, two ueptagonal. Second primary
radials smaller than the first, a little wider than Long, hexag
onal. Third primary radials somewhal smaller than tin- sec-
ond, pentagonal, axillary and support on each upper sloping
side a single secondary radial, which gives to each ray two
arm openings to the vault, There are. therefore, ten arms in

this species. The secondary radials are directed horizontally

and stand out their full length from the interradial areas*
The cast shows only a single secondary radial but the test
preserves two before the arms are fairly free.

The first regular interradial is larger than a second primary
radial, hexagonal, and followed by two somewhat smaller
plates in the second range, and by two still smaller ones in
the third range, that separate the first secondary radials and
unite with the plates of the vault. The first azygous plate is
in line with the first primary radials and quite as large. It is
followed by three plates in the second range, four in the third
range, and two in the fourth range, that unite with the plates
of the vault.

The vault is quite evenly convex, covered with polygonal
plates, and bears a submarginal azygous orifice.

There is no described species very closely resembling this
one and, therefore, no comparison with any of them is neces-
sary to distinguish it.

Found by R. A. Blair, in the Burlington Group, at Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller. The
specific name is in honor of the collector. After the illustra-
tions were drawn from a cast, we received a specimen pre-
serving the plates, from F. ,A. Sampson, of Sedalia, but as
the plates are small and not ornamented the illustrations are
about the same as if drawn from the test itself.

MEGISTOCRINUS INDIANENSIS, 11. Sp.

Plate II, Fig. 1, basal view; Fig. 2, summit view; Fig. 3, azygous

side view. Some of the sutures are obscure and are not

shown in the illustrations.

Species large. We have a specimen one half larger than the
one illustrated. The capacity of the vault in some specimens
is greater than that of the calyx. Calyx broadly basin shaped,
slightly concave about the basal plates, from two and a half
to three times as wide as high, not constricted below the arms
but continuing to expand as far as the free arms, which are
directed nearly horizontally or upward at an angle of less than
twenty degrees. Surface ornamentation of the plates not pre-
served in any of our specimens. Column moderate size and
having a large, slightly cinque foil canal.

Basal plates form an hexagonal disc about one-fourth wider
than the diameter of the column. The first primary radials
are unequal in size; those abutting a single basal are hexagonal,

28

and those abutting on two basals heptagonal. They are not
visible in a side view. The second primary radials are as
large as the first, hexagonal, and differ considerably in size.
The third primary radials are also unequal in size, as large
as the first or second, three heptagonal, two hexagonal, axillary,
and, in the ray on each side of the azygous area and in the
ray opposite the azygous area, bear on each upper sloping
side a single secondary radial, which is axillary, and supports
on each upper sloping side two tertiary radials, which gives
to each of these rays four arms. In one of the lateral rays
the third primary radial boars upon each upper sloping side
three secondary radials, which gives to it two arms. In the other
lateral ray, the third primary radial supports, on one superior
sloping side, three secondary radials, and on the other a single
secondary radial, which is axillary and supports on each upper
sloping side two tertiary radials, which gives to it three arms.
There are, therefore, seventeen arms and seventeen ambulacra]
openings to the vault in this species.

In each regular interradial area there are eight plates, the
first one is hexagonal, rests between the upper sloping sides
of the first primary radials, separates the second primary ra-
dials and is followed by two plates nearly as large in the sec-
ond range, three in the third range and two in the fourth
ronge, that separate the arms and unite with the plates of the
vault. There is one plate in each of the intersecondary radial
areas that connects with the vault, except in the two-armed
lateral ray where the secondary radials unite. The azygous
area is large and contains twenty one plates. The first one is
in line with the firsl primary radials and of the same size, it
is followed by tine,' somewhat smaller plates, in the second
range, five plates, in the third range, live plates, in the fourth
range, four plates, in the tilth range, and three plates, as near
as can be determined, in the sixth range, thai unite with the

plates of the vault.

The vault is broadly convex over the central part and am-
bulacra! channels and depressed toward the margin in the in-
terradial areas. There is a small spine bearing plate in the
center of the vault, and one over the junction of the ambula-
cra] channels in each of the five radial series. The plates are
small and the sutures too indistinct, over part of the vault of
our specimens, to distinguish them. The azygous orifice is
large, surrounded with numerous plates and subcentral. It

was slightly elevated, but the summit is injured in all of our
specimens. There are no ovarian pores shown, in any of our
specimens.

This is the only species of Megistocrinus bearing seventeen
arms so far as known, and, therefore, need not be compared
with any other to distinguish it. It would seem to be most
nearly related otherwise to M. expansus.

Pound by Geo. K. Greene, in the Hamilton Group, near
Charleston, Indiana, and now in the collection of Wm. P. E.
Gurley.

STEGANOCRINUS SPERGENENSIS, n. Sp.

Plate II, Fig. 4, azygous view; Fig. 5, opposite view; Fig. 6, basal
view; Fig. 7, summit view.

Species medium or above medium size. Calyx obpyramidal,
rather broadly truncated, pentagonal, and stelliform, as seen
from above, in consequence of the horizontal, rigid extension
of the five radial series. The abrupt, horizontal extension of
the radial series commences at the top of the third primary
radials, which commence curving outward from the calyx,
while the interradial areas begin to curve gently in, toward
the vault. Plates thick, very nodose and pyramidal. They
are sculptui'ed so as to depress the angles of the plates.
Column large and round.

Basal s form an hexagonal cup, more than twice as wide as
high. Plates stand upright, and each extends a cuneiform end
below the end of the column. Each plate is more than twice
as wide as high and longitudinally furrowed on the surface
and the sutures are beveled. The first radials are the largest
plates in the body, and each one is furrowed from the central
node toward the angles and the basal plates below. A little
longer than wide, three hexagonal, two heptagonal. Second
primary radials less than half as large as the first, sculptured
in like manner, wider than long, and hexagonal. Third primary
radials a little smaller than the second, curve outward so as to
sharpen the angles of the pentagonal calyx, heptagonal axillary,
and support on each upper sloping side a single secondary ra-
dial which is axillary and supports on each upper sloping
side the tertiary radials. The tertiary radials are preserved as
far as the third plate, in our specimen, and to this extent and
doubtless for several plates beyond they are consolidated in
each series so as to leave no free arms. The two third radials

BO

in the middle of each series are axillary and bear quaternary
radials. There are, therefore, thirty arms and thirty ambula-
cral openings to the vault in this species, as shown by our
specimens.

The interradial areas all graduate up into the vaull and over
the ambulacral channels so as to leave no evidence of any di-
viding line between the vault and calyx. In the regular areas,
one large plate is followed by two, in the second range, three,
in the third range, and five, in the fourth range, that connect*
with the plates of the vault. In the azygous area the first
plate is in line with the first primary radials and like them,
except somewhat smaller. It is followed by two plates, in the
second range, three, in the third range, five, in the fourth
range, and eight, in the tilth range that connect with the
plates of the vault. This area is very wide between the pro-
jecting radial series.

The vault is elevated over the ambulacral channels so thai a
transverse section of the radial series is subquadrate. It is
convex toward the center where it bears a proboscis. It is
covered with convex, polygonal plates of very unequal size.
No ovarian pores have been detected.

This species is from rocks of a higher geological range than
any heretofore described, but a true Steganocrinus, however,
distantly related to other species.

Found by Dr. M. N. Elrod, in the St. Louis Group, at Sper
gen Hill. Indiana, and now in the collection of Wm. P. E. Grurley.

STROTOCRINUS OKNATlS. n. sp.

Plate II, Fit/. 12, azygous view; Fig. i:>, right lateral view;
Fig. 14, summit view.

Species rather below medium size, as shown by our speci-
mens. Calyx moderately truncated below, obconoidal as high
as the to]) of the third primary radials, and then abruptly ex-
panded, in the form of a flattened rim. that cuts off all con
nection of the interradial areas with the vault, as is usual in
this genus. Primary radials transvesly nodose, interradials
nodose, and surface of all of them radiately sculptured; above
the primary radials. the radial ridges are somewhat angular a1
tirst bul rounded above.

Basals wider than high, stand upright, deeply beveled at.

the sutures and each extends a cuneiform end below the point
of the columnar attachment. First primary radials about as

long as wide, three hexagonal, two heptagonal. Second
primary radials about two-thirds the size of the first, hexagonal,
and nearly as long as wide. Third primary radials almost as
large as the second, hexagonal, axillary, and support on each
upper sloping side a single secondary radial, which is axillary,
and, in two of the rays, one of which adjoins the azygous
area, >and the other a lateral ray on the same side hears upon
each proximal side a single tertiary radial and upon each
distal side two tertiary radials, which gives to each of these
rays four arms. In the other three rays the distal side of
each secondary radial bears two tertiary radials and the
proximal side bears a single tertiary radial which is axillary
and bears upon each superior sloping side a quaternary radial,
which gives to each of these rays six arms. There are, there-
fore, twenty-six arms in this species.

There are, in each of four of the regular interradial areas,
seven plates, one in the first range, two in the second, two in
the third, and two in the fourth. In the other area there are
eight plates. The last four plates are very small. In the azy-
gous area there are eleven plates. The first one is in line with
the first primary radials and about the same size. It is fol-
lowed by two plates, in the second range, three, in the third,
three, in the fourth, and above these, there are two very small
plates. The three plates, in the fourth range, are much smaller
than those in the third range. There are no inter-secondary
plates.

Vault .moderately convex, composed of numerous convex,
polygonal plates, and bears a small nearly central proboscis,

In describing this genus Meek & Worthen (5 111., 347,) in-
cluded as typical IS. iwrumbrosus and S. lirdtus and showed
that they had the structure of Adiiwcrhiu?, ''Up to the divi-
sion of the rays, but with the body comparatively long and
narrow below, and the secondary and other .succeeding sup
plementary radials, brachial and intermediate pieces, connected
laterally all around, and spreading out horizontally far beyond
the limits of the body so as to form, with the tlat or much
depressed vault, a broad, more or less distinctly ten-angled
disc, from the margins of which the numerous long, slender
arms arise, without bifurcating after becoming free." It will
be seen that this arrangement cuts off the interradial areas
from the vault and presents a structure of the calyx above the
third radials fundamentally different from thai of Aclinocrinus,
They said further that:

32

"Some of the species, such as S. perumbrosus, have but a
very small simple opening situated subcentrally, or more or
less excentrically toward the anal side, and penetrating the
flattened vault obliquely, so as to be directed forward or away
from the anal side; while others, like S. liraius, have a long
erect, subcentral tube, or so-called proboscis, sometimes re-
curved at the end."

Wachsmuth & Springer proposed to divide this genus and
make & liraiug the type of a new genus which they called
Teleiocrinus, which differs from S. perumbrosus, in no other
respect, than that pointed out above by Meek & Worthen. In
ui her words the genus Teleiocrinus is to be distinguished from
Shatocrinus, upon the elevation of the azygous opening. If
the opening is at the top of the vault it is Strotocrinns, but if
it is elevated the height of a plate it is Teleiocrinus; and so if
it is elevated one-fourth of an inch or half an inch, or an inch
or more it is still Teleiocrinus. This method of nomenclature
we do not approve. We have shown, elsewhere, that the pres-
ence or absence or form of a proboscis, in Batocrinus, is not
of generic importance and the same is true throughout the
Actinocrinidiv. The genera must be distinguished by the calyx.
Therefore, after having given the subject our beso considera-
tion, we conclude that Teleiocrinus must be regarded as a syn-
onym for Siroiocrinus.

The species here under consideration is a Strotocrinns, as the
genus was denned by Meek & Worthen, and the simple fact
that it lias a small proboscis will not take it out of that genus.
It is the only species thus far defined having twenty-six arms
and will be readily distinguished from all others by the arm
formula and inferradial areas.

Pound in the Burlington Group, near Burlington, Iowa, and
now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

ACTINOCRINUS JESSIEjE, n. sp.
Plate II, Fig. 1~>, azygous side; Fig. 16, opposite view.

Species large. Calyx obconoidal, regularly expanding from
i lie column, about one-fourth wider than high. Surface beau
tifully sculptured so as to make each plate more or less
obpyramidal from ;i central node. No radial ridges. Column
not large.

Basals form an expanding cup, they projed a little below
the point of columnar attachmenl with the margins notched so
as id form a trilobed base, which is concave for the attach-

ment of the column, and the top is one-half wider than the
diameter at the base. The plates are about twice as wide as high,
and the sutures are broadly beveled. A delicate angular ridge
extends from the bottom of each plate to the middle of each
side of the adjoing radials. First primary radials the largest
plates in the calyx, a little wider than long, three hexagonal,
two heptagonai. The central node is high, transverse, and
from it a delicate angular ridge radiates to the middle of each
side of each adjoining plate. When viewed from below these
high, transverse nodes obscure the view of the plates above.
Second primary radials about half as large as the first and or-
namented in the same way. The one on the left of the azy-
gous ai*ea is pentagonal, the others are hexagonal. The third
primary radials are smaller than the second and ornamented
in the same way. Three are hexagonal, one heptagonai and
one pentagnal. The heptagonai plate and one of the hexago-
nal plates are truncated, at the summit, by an inter-secondary
plate. In the other areas the inter- secondary plates do not
abut upon the third primary radials. They are axillary and
support on each superir lateral side a single secondary radial,
which is ornamented like the radials below, and is axillary and
supports on each upper sloping side a single tertiary radial.
The tertiary radials are also ornamented like the radials.
This is a feature common to every plate in the calyx, except
the nodes become more pointed and less transversely elongated
as they approach the free arms. There are, therefore, twenty
arms and twenty ambulacral openings to the vault in this
species.

All the interradial and intersecondary areas connect their
plates with the plates of the vault. In the intersecondary
areas there are two narrow plates, one following the other, the
last one extending to the vault. The number of regular inter -
radials varies in the different areas from five to seven. In an
area having live plates there is one plate in the first range,
two in the second, one in the third and one in the fourth. In
another area having six plates, there are two plates in the
third range, and in an area having seven plates, there are two
plates in the third range and two in the fourth range. In the
azygous area there are nine plales. The first one is in line
with the first primary radials and about as large. It is fol-
lowed by two plates in the second range, two in the third

— 5

34

range, then our small sunken square plate and one nodose
plate, and above these two plates thai unite with the plates of
the vault.

This species is distinguished by its general form and surface
ornamentation from all other described species. It is again
distinguished by having all the interradial and intersecondary
radials connected with the vault, and bearing twenty arms. A
basal view will distinguish it from all other species.

Found in the Burlington Group, at Sedalia, Missouri, by
Miss Jessie lilair, an accomplished scholar and student of
Geology, for whom we have proposed the specific name.

Family POTERIOCRINID./E.

ZEACRINUS PECULIARIS, n. sp.

Plate II, Fig. 17, azygous area on the left, specimen compressed ';
Fig. 18, opposite side of ihe same compressed speci-
men; Fig. 19, basal view of same.

Species rather above medium size, and when not compressed
elongate-elliptical in outline. Calyx very low. Columnar cavity
rather deep. Surface finely granular. Column small, round
and having a minute columnar canal.

Basal plates within the calyx, the hollow conical cavity be
ing tilled with the end of the column. Subradials have rather
acute superior angles but they are not visible in a Lateral view.
First radials only a little wider than Long, the inferior angles ex
tend into the columnar cavity, the plates expand to the superior

lateral angles ami are truncated tl mire width above for the

support of Ihe second primary radials. Three are pentagonal,
and the two adjoining the azygous area are hexagonal. They
are separated from the second primary radials externally by
slightly gaping sutures. The second primary radials are a Ii1
tie shorter than the first, bu1 wider as thej continue the same rate
of expansion possessed by the firsl as far as the superior lat-
eral angles. Three are pentagonal, tin e on the left of the

azygOUS area hexagonal, and these four are axillary and sup

port on each superior sloping side the secondary radials; hut
in the ray opposite the azygous area there are three primary
radials. consequently the second one is quadrangular. It is
about Iwo ami a half times as wide as long. The third one is
smaller than the second, pentagonal, axillary and supports on
the upper sloping sides secondary radials. In the ray on the

35

right of the azygous area there are three secondary radials in
the proximal series and four in the distal series. Each lateral
ray is constructed in the same way. In the ray on the left of
the azygous area, there are three secondary radials, in the
proximal series, and five in the distal series. In the ray op-
posite the azygous area there are four secondary radials in
each series. The last secondary radial, in each series-, is ax-
illary. The proximal tertiary rays do not bifurcate. They arc
composed of subquadrate plates, thirty of which are preserved,
in some of the rays, in our specimen, before they are broken
off. The distal tertiary rays bifurcate, in four instances, -on
the sixth plate and in the other six rays on the fifth plate.
This arrangement gives to each ray six arms, or thirty arms
in the species.

In the azygous area there are five plates, the first truncates
?, subradial diagonally, separates the first primary radials and
supports two plates above. The second truncates an angle of a
first primary radial, instead of a subradial, as is usual in this
genus. It is hexagonal, abuts the second and third primary
radials on the left, the third azygous plate on the right and
supports the fourth azygous plate. The third is smaller and
abuts upon the first, second and third primary radials on the
right. The fourth is the largest in the area and extends to
the third secondai'y radials. The fifth presents a triangular
face with the superior angle as high as the summit of the
first tertiary radials.

This species is distinguished by the shape of the body, num-
ber of secondary radials, thirty arms, and peculiar azygous
area. It cannot be mistaken for any other species.

Found by Prof. A. G. Wetherby, in the Kaskaskia Group,
in Pulaski county, Kentucky, and now in the collection of Wm.
P. E. Gurley.

ZEACRINUS DOVERENSIS, 11. sp.

Plate II, Fit;. 20; azygous side view; Fig. 21, opposiie view; Fig. 22,
basal view. The specimen is slighily compressed laterally.

Species medium size and elongate-elliptical in outline. Calyx
truncated below. Surface granular. Column small, round, and
having a minute central canal.

Basal plates within the calyx, the hollow conical cavity
being filled with the end of the column. Subradials have an
acute superior angle visible in a lateral view. First radials

36

nearly twice as wide as long, the lateral sides expand to the
superior lateral angles, truncated the entire width above for
the support of the second primary radials, from which they
are separated externally by a slightly gaping suture. All arc
pentagonal. The second primary radials in four of the rays
are shorter than the first, pentagonal, axillary, and support on
the superior sloping sides the secondary radials. In the ray
opposite the azygous area there are four primary radials, tin-
second and third are quadrangular, but the third is only about
half as large as the second, and the fourth is short, pentagonal,
axillary and supports the secondary radials. In the proximal
ray on the left of the azygous area and in one of the lateral
rays on the same side there are three secondary radials, in
the other eight rays there are four secondary radials. The
last secondary radials are pentagonal, axillary, and support
the tertiary radials. There are only four tertiary radials pre-
served in any of the rays in our specimen, and hence our
specimen shows only twenty arms in the species. Possibly,
the distal series in each ray may divide.

There are seven plates in the azygous area. The firsl one
is pentagonal, rests between the superior sloping sides of two
subradials and below the first primary radial on the right.
The second truncates a subradial and is heptagonal. The third
is heptagonal and abuts the two primary radials and one sec-
ondary radial on the right. The fourth is quadrangular, small.
and rests on the second. The tilth is the largest plate in the
area and rests between the superior lateral sides of the third
and fourth plates. The sixth is smaller and rests on the fifth.

The seventh is a small, triangular plate at the top of the
area, between the tertiary primary radials.

This species is distinguished by the general form, number of
primary radials, in the ray opposite the azygous area, number
of secondary radials, in the different areas, and by the number
of plates in the azygous area. These characters will distinguish
the species from all others.

Found by Dr. M. N. Elrod in the Kaskaskia Group, at
Dover Hill, Indiana, and now in the collection of Win. P. E.
Gurley.

37

ZEACRINUS KENTUCKIENSIS, 11. Sp.

Plate II, Fin. 23, basal view, showing the inferior part oj the

azugous area; Fig. 24, view opposite ihe azygons area,

the specimen is a Utile compressed.

Species rather above medium size and when not compressed
elongate-elliptical in outline. Calyx very low and columnar
cavity deep. Surface finely granular. Column small and
round.

Basal plates within the calyx, the hollow conical cavity
being filled with the end of the column. Subradials have acute
superior angles, but they are not visible in a side view, though
they curve up out of the columnar cavity. First radial s about
one-half wider than long and form a rounded base upon which
a specimen may be made to stand. The inferior angles extend
slightly into the columnar cavity, the plates expand to the
superior lateral angles and are truncated the entire width
above for the support of the second primary radials, from
which they are separated, externally, by a wide gaping suture.
Each one of them is pentagonal. The second primary radials
are much shorter than the first, four of them are pentagonal.
axillary, and support on each superior sloping side the sec-
ondary radials; but in the ray opposite the azygous area there
are three primary radials; the second one is short and quad
rangular, and the third one is smaller than the second, pentagonal,
axillary, and supports on each upper sloping side secondary
radials. In one of the rays, on the left of the azygous area.
and in one of the lateral rays, on the right of the azygous
area, there are four secondary radials, and in each of the
other eight series there are only three secondary radials. In
the ray opposite the azygous area the proximal tertiary rays
do not bifurcate, but the distal rays divide on the fourth
plate, which gives to this ray six arms. In the ray on the
left of the last one described, as may be seen in the illustra-
tion, the distal tertiary series bifurcate on the fourth plate
and the distal ones, in the quaternary series, bifurcate on the
fifth plate, which arrangement gives to this ray eight arms.
The ray on the right of the azygous area is constructed like
the last one described and bears eight arms. The other two
rays are injured in the superior part, bul as far as preserved,
they are like the two last described. There is little doubt.
therefore, that the species bears thirty-eight arms.

38

There are six plates in the azygous area. The first is elon-
gated, pentagonal, rests between the superior sloping sides of
two subradials and the inferior sloping side of the firsl pri-
mary radial on the right. The second truncates a subradial
adjoins the two primary radials on the left, and the firsl and
third on the right and supports the fourth above. It is a small
hexagonal plate. The third is heptagonal and about the size
of the second. The fourth and filth plates rest on the second
and third and are aboul the same size. The sixth plate is the
largesl plate in the area, triangular, and extends its superior
angle to the Lower side of the third tertiary radials.

This species is distinguished by its general form, by the
number and structure of its thirty eight arms and by the six
plates in the azygous area.

Pound by Prof. A. G. Wetherby, in the Kaskaskia Group, in
Pulaski county, Kentucky, and now in the collection of Wm.
P. E. Gurley.

BARYCRINUS ELRODI, n. sp.

Plate II, Fiji. 25, azygous view; Fit/. ;'*;. basal view; Fly. 27,
view opposite the azygous area.

Species large and plates remarkably thick. Calyx rapidly
expanded, broadly bowl shaped, one half wider than high.
Plates very tumid and radiately sculptured so as to Leave an
angular ridge directed to the middle of the side of each abut-
ting plate.

Basals form a low expanding cup. The column is Large and
covers the bottom of the basal cup. The columnar canal is
very Large and pentalobate. A furrow arises at the summit of
each firsl primary radial and descending slowly widens and
deepens to the lower surface of the basal cup. Subradials

Large nearly as lone- as wide, radiately furrowed toward each

angle and toward the middle of tin' basal plates, so as to leave

two angular ridges extending to the basal plate below and

to the middle of each side of the adjacenl plates. Firsl radial
the Largest plates in the calyx, wider than high. Two rounded
ridges arise at the lower edge <>f the facet for the second ra-
dials on each plate and extend to the middle of the adjacent
sides ol the subradials. The plates are arcuately depressed
laterally so as to leave the Lateral sutures at the bottom' 0"f the
furrow or concavity. There is a broad, concave facet, extend
ing nearly the entire width of each plate and depressed out

39

wardly, at an angle of about forty degrees below a horizontal
Line, Cor the second radials. The superior lateral sides come
together, at the sutures, so as to form a slight angle.

The first azygous plate broadly truncates a subradial. It is
subquadrate in outline, but slightly expands upward. It is a
little wider than high.

The general form, low basals, single azygous plate, thick
plates and surface ornamentation readily distinguish this spe-
cies from all others.

Found by Dr. M. N. Elrod, in whose honor the specific name
is given, in the St. Louis Group, at Spergen Hill. Indiana, and
now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley.

POTERIOCRINUS PULASKIENSIS, n. Sp.

Piute III, Fig. 26, azygous side; Fig. 27, opposite side, showing
two plates, in tiro of the arms, above the first radials.

Species medium size. Calyx broadly truncated, and conoidal
above or like the frustum of a cone. Plates convex and su-
tures depressed, at the angles, and a pore penetrate- the calyx,
at every angle, in the same manner that they do in P. broad-
headi; though then do not seem to be any pores between the
angles as in that species. Diameter a little more than the
height.

Basals short and truncated by the column. Subradials large
and about as long as wide, three hexagonal, two heptagonal.
First radials about one-fourth wider than long, truncated the
entire width above and separated from the second plates by a
gaping suture. Second radials short. Third radials in the two
rays opposite the azygous area short and axillary. Indicating
that there are ten arms in this species.

The first azygous plate is nearly as large as a subradial,
rests between the superior sloping sides of two subradials. sep
arates two first radials and supports the second and third azy-
gous plates which makes the plate hexagonal, though only
slightly truncated by the third azygous plate. The second azy
gous plate is only a little more than half as large as the first.
The third plate is not preserved in our specimen.

This is an extraordinary species that doc- not require a com-
parison with any other for the purpose of distinguishing it.

found by Prof. A. G. Wetherby, in the Kaskaskia Group,
in Pulaski, county, Kentucky, and now in the collection of
Win. F. E. Gurley.

10

Family DOLATOCRINIDdv

DOLATOCRINUS 1NDIANKNSIS, D, Sp.

Plate HI, Fig. I, basal view; Fig. 2, summit view, azygous
side on Ihe left; Fig. 3, azygoiis side view.

Species^ large. Calyx subhemispherical, very broiidly trun-
cated and slightly concave on the lower side, and constricted
below the arms. Very small radial ridges. Central nodes
small on the radial ridges and inconspicuous or obsolete on
the other plates. Radiating lines from the central part of each
plate numerous, but small. Column round and having a large
cinquefoil columnar canal that occupies more than half its
diameter.

Basal plates form a pentagonal disc a little depressed below
the central part of the surrounding radials and having a
diameter about one third more than the diameter of the
column. First primary radials from one-third to one-half
widei- than long and subequal in size. Second primary radials
nearly twice as wide as long, quadrangular. Third primary
radials expand slightly to the superior lateral angles. They
are nearly twice as wide as long, pentagonal, axillary, and in
the rays on each side of the azygous area and in the ray op-
posite the azygous area bear upon each superior sloping side
a single secondary radial, which is axillary and bears upon
each upper sloping side a single tertiary radial, which gives
to each of these rays tour arms. In one of the lateral rays
the third primary radial hears upon one superior sloping side
two secondary radials and upon (lie other a single secondary
radial, which is axillary and bears upon each upper sloping
side a single tertiary radial. This ray. therefore, has three
arms. In the other lateral ray the third primary radial bears
upon each upper sloping side two secondary radials that give
to it two arms. There are, therefore, in this species seventeen
arms, and seventeen ambulacra] openings to the vault, all of
which are directed upward.

The azygous area is like the other areas or so near like
them that it is hard to distinguish any difference. The first
interradials are the Largesl plates in the calyx, have nine sides,
and are broadly truncated above for the second interradials.
The second interradials are about, or less than, half as large as
the first, and are followed by a single plate less than half as
large as the second, and which unites with two elongated
plates belonging t<> the vault.

II

The vault is slightly convex toward the central part and
equally as much depressed in the interradial areas toward the
margin. The plates are large, but the sutures are too indis-
tinct, in our specimen, to allow the artist to trace them, be-
sides, the surface is so eroded as not to preserve the surface
ornamentation. The subcentral azygous orifice is excentric
from the azygous side, which is well shown in figure 2 and
presents a peculiarity rarely seen in a crinoid. There are
twenty ovarian pores situated close to the ambulacral open-
ings; one on each side of the double arm openings and one on
each side of the single arm openings.

The arrangement of the arms, in this species, is different
from that in D. Iicllulits and D. aureafus, where each of three
rays bear three arms and the other two bear four arms each,
beside important differences in form and surface ornamentation.
These are the only species that have been described that bear
seventeen arms, and it is quite unnecessary, therefore, to make
further comparisons.

Found by Geo. K. Greene, in the Hamilton Group, near
Charlestown, Indiana, and now in the collection of Win. F. E.
Gurley.

DOLATOCRINUS ARGUTUS, 11. Sp.

Plate III, Fig. 1, basal view; Fig. 5, azygous side; Fig. 6, summit

view.

Species rather below medium size. Calyx bowl-shaped, sub-
pentagonal, concave below; radial ridges broadly rounded;
plates highly convex and slightly radiately ridged toward the
margins. Column small and round.

Basal disc pentagonal, depressed; the basal plates are within
the cavity of the calyx, in the form of a hollow cone, and the
end of the column fills the hollow cone in the superior part,
and leaves the basal disc, at the base of the cone, one-half
wider than the diameter of the column. First primary radials
about as long as wide, abruptly bent in the middle, the lower
pari forming part of the basal concavity and the superior part
curving as abruptly upward. The central part of the plates
are tumid rather than nodose and the calyx will rest on the
tumid elevations. Second radials quadrangular, a little wider
than long and sides nearly parallel. Third primary radials
about twice as wide as high, rather smaller than the second
primary radials, pentagonal, axillary and support upon each
superior sloping side two secondary radials. The second sec
—6

12

miliary radials arc smaller than the first and the arms in cadi
radial series arc drawn close together, Leaving wide Lnterradia]
spaces. There are only ten ambulacra! openings, in this

species, and they are directed upward so as to be hardly visi-
ble in a side view. The second secondary radials are broken
away from some oi the rays in the specimen illustrated.

The first regular interradials arc the largest plates in the
body, except the first azygous plate, Longer than wide, and
have nine sides. They are most tumid at the upper third.
The second regular interradials are about one-third as large as
the first, heptagonal, and the two superior sides unite with
two elongated plates belonging to the vault, and the two short
superior lateral sides unite with small plates that form part of
the covering for the ambulacra! channels. The azygous area
is Larger than the regular Lnterradia! areas and the tirst plate
is the Largesl in the body. It is followed by three plates in
the second range, flic two lateral ones being small and quad
rangular, while the middle one is Large and heptagonal. The
lateral plales each abul upon a small plate that forms part of
tin1 covering of an ambulacra! channel, and the middle one
abuts upon two of these plates and upon two elongated plates
that belong to the vault.

The vault is very slightly convex and is depressed in the
Lnterradia! areas and hears a short subcentral proboscis. It is
covered by two circles of plates and two or three small inter-
calated ones. The plates appear to have been granular.
There are ten ovarian apertures; one on each side ol each pair
of arms and near the ambulacra! openings.

This species most resembles IK bulbaceus, hut differs in form
by being less globular, wider in proportion to its height, in
having a shallower concavity below and less elevated vault.
Bu1 the mosi distinctive difference is in the azygous areas. In
I), bulbaceus the azygous area is Like the regular areas and
has only one plate, in the second range, while in this species
the areas are very different, and there are three plates in the
second range. In this species there are ten ovarian pores, and
in that species none have been discovered. There is also some
difference in the surface ornamentation, so that the two species
cannol he mistaken for each other.

Pound hi the Hamilton Group, ai Charlestown, Indiana, and
now in the collection of Mr. .I. l-\ Hanimell. of Madison. Indi
ana.

13

DOLATOCRINUS BELL.ARUGOSUS, n. sp.

Plate III, Fig. 7, basal view; Fig. S, side view, azygous area
on the left; Fig. 9, summit view.

Species below medium size and elegantly sculptured. Calyx
hemispherical, truncated below, and expanding to the free
arms. Radial ridges consist of small round ridges crossing
the central part of the plates and bearing sharp, elongated
nodes in the middle part of each plate. They are not trans
verse as in D bellulus. The surface is ornamented with very
numerous radiating lines that bear sharp small nodes. There
are no central nodes on the interradials. Column round.
medium size and bears a Large cinque foil, columnar canal.

Basal plates form a pentagonal one-fourth wider than
the diameter of the column, at the surface, and extend
up into the calyx, in the form of a hollow cone, which is
tilled with the end of the column. First primary radials wider
than long and subequal in size. Second primary radials from
one-half wider to twice as wdde as long, quadrangular. Third
primary radials expand to the superior lateral angles, larger
than the second primary radials, about one half wider than
long, pentagonal, axillary, and, in one of the rays, on the left
lateral side, and, in the one on the right of the azygous area,
bear upon each superior lateral side a single secondary radial,
which is axillary and supports upon each upper sloping side
two tertiary radials. which gives to each of these rays four
arms. In each of the other three rays, the third primary
radial bears upon one upper sloping side three secondary
radials, and upon the other one secondary radial, which
is axillary and supports upon each superior sloping side
two tertiary radials. In the ray on the left of the azygous area,
it is the proximal side of the third primary radial that bears
only secondary radials, while the distal side bears the tertiary
radials, which is contrary to the usual structure of crinoids.
There are, therefore, three arms in each of three rays. The
species has seventeen ambulacra! openings to the vault, all of
which are directed upward, though the last tertiary and sec-
ondary radials are directed outward so that each radial series
extends above the interradial areas.

The azygous area is like the others excepl slightly wider
between the arms. Tin- tirst interradials are the largest plates
in the calyx, have nine sides and are broadly truncated above
for the second interradials. The second interradials are less

11

than one-fourth as large as the first and extend about to the
top of the calyx. Each one is followed by a smaller plate
that abuts, each side, againsl a small plate, that covers pari
of the ambulacra! channel and in front unites with two
elongated plates belonging to the vault.

The vault is very slightly convex, depressed in the inter-
radial arecis, toward the margin, so that each radial series
stands out prominently and bears a short subcentral proboscis.
The sutures between the plates are partly obliterated in our
specimen, so the artist has not attempted to show any of
the plates. There is a very small ovarian aperture close to
the ambulacral opening on each ^ide of each pair of arms and
on each side of each single arm, which gives to the species
twenty ovarian apertures.

This species differs from D. bellulus, which it most resembles,
in many minor particulars and in some of specific importance.
It is smaller, shorter in proportion to its width, the radial
series stand out more prominently, at the summit, and the
vault is less elevated. The nodes are Longitudinally elongated
on the surface of this species, and transversely elongated on
D. bellulus, and the rest of the surface ornamentation quite as
different, notwithstanding the resemblance in some particulars.
In D. bellulus each of the arms adjoining the azygous area
bears four arms, in this species the right one bears four arms
and the left one three arms. In this species, the ray on the
Left of the series opposite the azygous area bears four arms.
and the corresponding ray in D. bellulus bears only three
arms. There are other differences but these are sufficient to
distinguish the species.

Found by J. F. llammell in the Hamilton Group, near
Charlestown. Indiana, and now in the collection of Win. P. E.
( rurley.

DOLATOCRINUS CHARLESTOWNENSIS, n. sp.

Plate III, Fig. 10, basal view; Fig. n. summit view; Fig. 12,
azygous side view.

Species medium or above medium size and handsomely sculp-
tured. Calyx subhemispherical or subcylindrical, broadly trun-
cated at the base and constricted Widow the arms. Rounded
radial ridges have more or Less elongated nodes at the center
of the plates. Small ridges radiate from near the center of the
plates, bu1 they do not commence at the nodes or radial ridges.
A smooth space is left between the radial ridges and the com-

45

mencement of these radiating ridges, and the radiating ridges
do not commence at a node on the interradial plates. The
column is round and has a very large cinque foil columnar
canal.

Basal piates form a hollow cone within the cavity of the
calyx. The column fills the cone so that the diameter of the
column is nearly equal to the diameter of the pentagonal basal
disc First primary radials nearly as long as wide and sub-
equal, in size. Second primary radials quadrangular and
nearly as long as wide. Third primary radials expand to the
superior lateral angles. They ai-e considerably larger than the
second, pentagonal, axillary, and in one of the lateral rays
bears upon each upper sloping side a single secondary radial
which is axillary and bears upon each superior sloping side
two tertiary radials which gives to this ray four arms. In the
other lateral ray, the third primary radial supports upon each
superior sloping side three secondary radials, which gives to
it only two arms. In the rays on each side of the azygous
area and in the ray opposite the azygous area, the third pri-
mary radial supports upon one of its superior lateral sides
three secondary radials, and upon the other a single secondary
radial, which is axillary, and supports upon each upper slop-
ing side two tertiary radials, which arrangement gives to
each of these three rays three arms. There are, therefore,
fifteen arms, in this species. Upon the right side of the azy-
gous area the third primary radial supports, upon its proxi-
mal side, three secondary radials; but on the left side of the
azygous area, it is the distal side of the third primary radial,
that supports the three secondary radials.

The azygous area is like the other interradial areas. The
first interradials are pentagonal and much smaller than they
generally are, in specimens of the same size, in this genus.
They are broadly truncated above for the second interradials.
The second interradials are about two-thirds as large as the
first and are followed by a much smaller plate in the third
range, that separates the arms and unites with two large and
elongated plates that belong to the vault.

The vault is only slightly convex, and equally as much de-
pressed, in the interradial areas, toward the margin. It is
covered by two circles of plates and a few intercalated ones,
the surface of which is covered with granules and small nodes.
It hears a, small subcentral proboscis which seems to lie com-
plete in the specimen illustrated. There is a small ovarian

16

aperture on each side of each pair of arms and on each side
of each single arm, which gives in the species twenty ovarian
apertures. Some of the sutures on the vault of our specimen

arc not distinct, and for that reason the artist has not drawn
all the plates.

Only two species bearing fifteen arms have been heretofore
described (D. canadensis and D. triadacfylus) and they have so
little resemblance to lids species that it would be idle to make
any comparison. It is. of course, unnecessary to compare it
with any other described species, because the arm formula
alone distinguishes it.

Pound by J. P. Hammell, in the Hamilton Group, near
Charlestown, Indiana, and now in the collection of Wm. P. E.
Gurley.

DOLATOGRINUS ( '.Kl. ATI'S, n. sp.

Pltile III. Fie/. 13, basal views Fig. ti. side view; Fig. l~'. sum-
mil view, the sutures cannot be traced an I hence the
plates are not shown.

Species below medium size and elegantly sculptured. Calyx
hemisperical, rounding from below and expanding to the free
arms. Sharp angular radial ridges bearing Long sharp nodes,
in the middle part of each plate. The surface is Eurther orna-
mented by a long sharp node, in the centra] pari 6f each firsl
interradial, and by numerous radiating lines from the central
pari of each plate, from two to four lines to each abutting
plate. Column round, Large, and having a Large, cinque foil
canal.

Basal plates form a pentagon, less than one fourth wider
than the diameter of the column at the surface, and extend up
into the calyx, in the form of a hollow cone, which is tilled
with the end of the column. First primary radials a little
wider than Long, subequal in size, and the calyx will rest on
the points of the central nodes on these plates. Second pri-
mary radials very Little wider than Long, quadrangular. Third
primary radials not any Longer than the second, expand to the
superior lateral angles, pentagonal, axillary, and in three of
the rays support on each upper sloping side a single cecond-

ary radial, which is axillary and supports on each upper slop-

ing side two tertiary radials. which arrangement gives to each
of these rays four arms. In the other two rays the third pri-
mary radials support on each superior sloping side three sec-

17

ondary radials, which gives to each of these rays two arms.
There are, therefore sixteen arms and sixteen ambulacra]
openings to the vault in this species.

The interradial areas are substantially alike. The area be-
tween the two armed rays is slightly more bulged than tl ther

areas, and the first plate is somewhat larger than it is in the
others, which indicates that it is the azygous area. The first
interradials are the Largesl plates in the body, have nine sides,
and are broadly truncated above for the second interradials.
The second interradials are short and wide and the superior
part curves in and unites with the plates of tin' vault.

The vault is only slightly convex over the central part and
radial areas, and is very much depressed toward the margin,
in the interradial areas, so that the radial areas stand up and
project beyond the margin of the calyx and have the ambula-
cral openings directed upward, The plates over the junction
of the ambulacral canals bear nodes and the other plates are
tubercular, but our specimens show them somewhat eroded
and the sutures between the plates can only be, in part,
traced, and for those reasons these features are not shown in
the illustrations. There are sixteen ovarian apertures, one
close by the side of each ambulacral opening to the vault.

This species would seem to be more nearly related to D.
salelirosus, than to any one hitherto described, but the base is
depressed, in that species, and truncated and the vault elevat-
ed more than in this, so that they may readily be distinguished
by the form. The surface ornamentation too is somewhat
different in the two species, and so are the interradials,
and in that species no ovarian pores have been discovered,
ered. But the arm formula alone is sufficient to distinguish
them, and to separate this from all other described species
In J), salebrosus, the arm formula is 4-|-44-3-|-3+2=lP>. In
this species it is 4+4+4-f L' + l^Ki. The azygous area in that
species, if it has any. is between the four-armed rays, and in
this between the two armed rays.

Found by Geo. K. Greene, in the Hamilton Group, near
Charlestown, Indiana, and now in the collection of Win. P, E.
Gurley.

18

DOLATOCRINUS A.PLATUS, n. sp.

Plate 111. Fit/, la, basal view; Fig. 17, summit view; Fig. t8,

side view. The suture lines ore too indistinct on the

vault of our specimens for illustration.

Species medium size, very short or much depressed, vault
and calyx subequal in capacity Calyx low, more than three
times as wide as high, rounding out from a deep basal cavity
and spreading, without any constriction, to the tree arms.
Surface deeply sculptured. Radial ridges very small hut made
SOmewhal conspicuous by the elongated nodes at the center of

each plate.

Basal plates within the cavity of the calyx and extending as
high as the base of the free arms. First primary radials are
entirely within the basal concavity. Second primary radials
short, quadrangular, two or three times as wide as high.
Third primary radials, short, pentagonal, axillary and each
supports on one of the superior sloping sides four secondary
radials. and upon the other a single secondary radial which is
axillary and bears upon each upper sloping side four tertiary
radials. by which arrangement, there are three arms to each
ray. There are. therefore, fifteen arms in this species, and
fifteen ambulacra] openings to the vault.

The azygous area is like the other areas. The first inter
radials are somewhat elongated, have nine sides and are
broadly truncated above for the second interradials. Instead
of a centra] node, on each plate, there is a central excavation.
from tlie margin of which the plates are radiately sculptured.
The second plate is shout one fourth as large as the tirst and
it is followed by two small plates in the third range that
unite wit h the plates of the vault.

The vault is subcorneal and bears a subcentral orifice at the
mil. Probably the orifice might be said to be at the top

Of the proboscis, but the proboscis is not the sixteenth of an

inch high, and hence, appears only as a sligbi elevation for
the azygous opening. The sutures on the vault, in our speci
mens, are so badly obliterated that it is impracticable to attempt
: i describe the plates. There are four ovarian slits between
each radial -cries, and two between each of the ambulacra]
openings, which arrangement gives to this species forty ovarian
apertures

49

This species is distinguished by its depressed form, peculiar,
sculptured ornamentation, three arms to each radial series, and
forty ovarian apertures The slightest observation will enable
any one to distinguish it from all other fifteen-armed species.

Found by Geo. K. Greene in the Hamilton Group, near
Charlestown, Indiana, and now in the collection of Win. P. E.
Gurley.

Family CYATHOCRINID-K.

CYATHOCRINUS WALDRONENSIS, Miller & Dyer.

Plate III, Fig. 19, azygous view; Fig. 20, opposite vieiv. The

specimen is compressed laterally, and magnified

two diameters.

This specimen was described, in l*7.s, in "Contributions to
Pakeontology No. 2," page (i. from a specimen that did not
show the interradials or azygous plates, and which was poorly
illustrated on plate IV. Fig. 9, from a specimen then owned
by the late C. B. Dyer. The species is extremely rare and we
are glad to be able to refigure it, from a better specimen than
the original, though it is the second specimen we have ever
had the opportunity to examine.

Calyx forms a cup one half wider than the height, and hav-
ing the basals sunk within the cavity of the calyx. Surface
granular. Column small and round.

Subradials of unequal size, longer than wide and curving
into the small columnar cavity where they abut upon the basals.
The azygous one is larger than either of the others. The first
primary radials are larger than the subradials and about twice
as w7ide as long. The second primary radials are very short
and quadrangular. The third primary i-adials are about the
size of the second, pentagonal, axillary and support upon the
upper sloping sides the free arms. There are, therefore, ten
arms, in this species. Above the first two plates the arms are
composed of a double series of interlocking plates. The arms
are coarse, wide, and short.

A single interradial, in each area, curves in upon the vault.
The azygous plate is longer than wide, truncates a subradial,
stands nearly vertical and extends as high as the third primary
radial.

The specimen here illustrated and described was found in
the Niagara Group near Hartsville, Indiana, by Dr. M. N.
Elrod and is now in the collection of Win. F. E. Gurley.
— 7

50

CYATHOCRINUS blairi, Miller & Gurley.

Plale III, Fig. 21, azygous side view of an entire specimen;
Fig. 22, summit view of the same specimen.

The authors described this species last year in Bulletin No.
7 of the Illinois State Museum of Natural History, p. 67, and
illustrated it on plate IV, figs. 11 to 15, but at that time, only
the calyx was known. Since that time Mr. R. A. Blair has
found a complete specimen which we are able to illustrate
If, from any cause, it was dwarfed, at the superior end, we
are unable to detect it; for it appears to be normal.

The entire body with arms closed is spheroidal. The sec-
ond radials are as wide as the first, very short and quad
rangular. The third radials are nearly as wide as the second,
short, pentagonal, axillary, and support on each upper, slop-
ing side two secondary radials, which gives to the species ten
arms. The secondary radials are not of uniform size, but they
are so constructed and arranged as to cover the vault, seem
ingly. as close as vault plates would cover it, except a small
round spot at the center, which looks like the azygous orifice.
The depressions on the summit between the radial series,
gives it a slight pentalobate aspect when viewed from above.
The second azygous plate is semicircular with the arcuate side
up and is so closely surrounded above the first plate, by the
radials, that it looks like a plate forming pari of the vault.

We have never before seen arms resembling those in this
species, unless those in the IchihyocrinidcB might he said i<>
have some similarity. The comparison, however, is remote.
Even the calyx suggested that it might nut prove to belong
to Cyathocrinus, and that doubt is increased by this complete
specimen. We do not, however, discover characters that we
call generic, to distinguish it. It is a very singular species.

Found by R. A. Blair, in the Chouteau Limestone, at Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

51

Family GLYPTASTERLD^E.

THYSANOCRINUS MILLIGAN.*:, 11. Sp.

Pl(tte III, Fig. 23, basal view, the basal plates being in a pit

and substantially hidden by the column; Fig. 24, azygous

side; Fig. 25, opposite view.

Species medium or above medium size. Calyx bowl-shaped,
broadly truncated below and slightly expanded above. Pent-
agonal in transverse section or as seen from above or below.
Plates thick and deeply sculptured. Surface granular. Column
small.

Basals small, deeply sunken in the basal concavity so as to
be hidden by the column. Subradials large. They bend into
the basal concavity and up on the outside of the calyx, where
the height appears to be nearly equal to the width. They
terminate below in pyramidal points on which the calyx will
rest, if placed on a table, and which extend laterally so as to
give a pentagonal outline to the base of the calyx. First
primary radials twice as wide as long and bear a subcentral
transverse ridge, having raised lines directed to the angular
ridges on the subradials below. Second primary radials short,
quadrangular, five or six times as wide as long. Third primary
radials a little larger than the second, pentagonal, axillary and
bear upon each superior sloping side a secondary radial, which
gives to this species ten arms.

There are three regular interradials in each area. The first
one rests between the superior sloping sides of the first
primary radials and bears a central elongated node. It is
followed by two narrow elongated plates that curve over upon
the vault. The first azygous plate is large, truncates a sub-
radial and bears a large central node. It is followed by three
plates, the middle one truncating it slightly. They curve over
upon the vault.

Vault and arms unknown.

This species is quite different, in form and surface markings,
from all other described Thysanocrinus. but it substantially
agrees with the generic formula, so far as it is preserved, and
we have, therefore, very little doubt about the generic reference.

Found by Mrs. J. M. Milligan, in whose honor we have pro-
posed the specific name, in the Niagara Group, of Decatur
County, Tennessee, and now in her collection.

52
Family r ( THTH YOCRINID^.

LECANOCRINUS GREENEI, 11. sp.

Plate III, Fif/. 28, azygous side view of body, arms, and pari

of ihe column.

Species medium size; general form, with the arms closed,
obovate Surface smooth or granular. Column composed of
rather thick plates.

Basals form a low cup having a diameter at the top nearly
one half greater than the diameter of the column and truncated
below the full diameter of the column. Subradials large, nearly
as long as wide and gradually expanding. First primary ra
dials of unequal size and about twice as wide as long. Second
primary radials short, quadrangular, one-third as large as the
first, three or four times as wide as long. Third primary
radials a little larger than the second, pentagonal, axillary,
and bear upon each upper sloping side the secondary radials.
The number of secondary radials is not uniform. In one of
the rays shown in our specimen there are three secondary
radials and in the other three rays there are four secondary
radials, the last being axilliary. which gives to the species
twenty arms. Some of the arms probably bifurcate again.

There is an elongated, octagonal interradial plate on the
right side of our specimen, resting between the superior slop
ing sides of a first primary radial and a second primary radial.
and separating the primary radials and one secondary radial,
on one side, from the second and third primary radials and
the tirst and second primary radials. on the other. An inter
radial may be seen on the left side of the specimen that ap-
pears to occupy the same position. The azygous interradial
broadly truncates a large subradial and separates the primary
and tirst secondar3 and pari of the second secondary plates.
that abut against it. giving bo it eleven sides. If there are
two azygous plates in this species, as is usual in the genus,
the suture, that separates one from the firsl primary radial on
the right, is obliterated, in our specimen.

The regular interradials, in this species, constitute a marked
peculiarity, the azygous plate t < >< ► is different from all others.
It may also lie distinguished by its general form.

found by George K. Greene, in whose honor the specific
name is given, in the Niagara Group near Louisville, Ken
lucky, and now in the collection of Wm. F 10. Gurley.

53
Family SYNBATHOCRINID/E

SYNBATHOCRINUS ILLINOISBNSIS, II. sp

Phtte III, Fig. 29, basal side view of Calyx; Fig. 30, azygous
side view of same; Fig. 31, Summit view of same.

Species from medium 1o large size. We have a specimen
about two-thirds as large as the one illustrated. Arms un-
known. Calyx truncated for a large column, broadly con-
stricted in the middle part, where it is evenly rounded, and
subpentagonal at the top, by reason of the straight, transverse,
superior sides of the first radials. About twice as wide as
high. Sutures slightly beveled. Surface granular

Basals form a cup three times as wide as high, having a
concave base for the attachment of a large column and a pen-
tagonal outline above for the support of the straight inferior
sides of the first radials. First radials one-third wider than
high, gradually expand from the base to the top which is
truncated the entire width, on three of the plates for the re-
ception of the second radials. The other two plates arc
slightly truncated, at one angle, for the reception of the
azygous plate. Three of them, therefore, are quadrangular
and the other two pentagonal. The superior face of each
plate is very deep and bears an angular node, at each internal
angle, with a flange at the border of the internal cavity,
notched at the middle for the ambulacral furrow. There is a
straight furrow, half the width of the plate, just within the
outer margin, for the articulation of a ridge on the second
plate. The central cavity is pentalobate.

The general form of the calyx of this species readily dis-
tinguishes it from all heretofore described. The rounded and
constricted body will alone suffice to separate it from all
others. It is not practicable, therefore, to compare it with
any other.

Found in the Burlington Group, in Adams county, Illinois,
by C. S. Hodgson and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

54
Family TAXOCRINID^E.

PORBESOCRINUS WASHINGTONENSIS, n. Sp.

Plate III, Fig. 32, azygous view of a specimen laterally com-
pressed; Fig. 33, view, opposite the azygous area,
of another specimen.

Species medium size; plates highly convex; transverse sutures
nearly straight in the calyx but becoming slightly arcuate to-
ward the ends of the rays. Calyx constitutes two-thirds Of the
body. It is wider than high. The interradial areas are slightly
depressed so as to make the calyx obpyramidal above the
truncated base. The arms rapidly contract above the calyx
and arc infolded at the ends. Column tapers rapidly below the
calyx where it is composed of very short plates.

Basals sunk within the calyx. Subradials small, three hep-
tagonal, two hexagonal. Primary radials four in each series,
three or four times as wide as high; the last one is axillary
and supports upon each upper sloping side three secondary
radials, the last one of which is axillary and supports upon
each upper sloping side tertiary radials. The secondary ra
dials are as long as the primary radials. but not quite as wide.
The tertiary radials \ a ry in number, in the different rays, from
four to nine. In the proximal series, on the left of the azy-
gous area, there are eight plates, in the next series four; and
in the proximal series, on the right of the azygous area, there
are six plates, and in the next series five. In the ray oppo-
site the azygous area the distal series have nine plates each
and the proximal series have six in one and seven in the
other. The number of tertiary plates vary, in like manner, in
the other two rays The last tertiary radials are axillary and
the proximal rays do nol divide, but each distal quaternary
series bears an axillary plate and supports the fifth series on
each of its superior sides. The number of quaternary plates
in the various distal series varies from nine to twelve. There
are. therefore, twelve arms to each ray, or sixty arms in this
species.

The regular interradial areas are long and narrow, and the
plates vary in number in the different areas, as shown in our
specimens, from twelve to sixteen. The first plate rests be-
tween the superior sloping sides of the firsl primary radials.

I I is succeeded by live ranges of two plates each, and above
these there are from one to five single plates, one above the
other, so that the last one extends up to the third or fourth
tertiary radials. The inlersecondarv areas have from five to

55

seven plates. There is one rather Large plate, followed by
either one or two ranges of two plates each, and above these
there are two or three plates, one above the other. There are
no intertertiary radials. In the azygous area two plates trun-
cal ■ a subradial, which is more than twice as large as either
of the other subradials. There are three plates in the second
range, four in the third range, which is at the widest part of
the area. Above the third range the plates are irregular in
size and not placed in ranges, and number about twelve, the
last one of which reaches to the second tertiary radials. The
whole number is about twenty-one.

This species most resembles F. sjieciosus from the same
locality; but, while this species is larger, it has not as many
regular interradials, fewer secondary radials. and no interterti-
ary radials. The azygous areas are altogether different, and
so also are the subradials, at the base of the areas. This
species has sixty arms, while that species was described as
having only forty. The transverse sutures, too. in that species,
are much more arcuate than in this. The two species cannot
be mistaken for each other.

Found in the Keokuk Group, in Washington County. Indiana.
and now in the collection of Win. F. E. Gurley.

forbesocrinus MfLTiBRACHiATCS, Lyon & Casseday.

Plate IV, Fig. 1, diagrammatic view, copied from Sidney S.
Lyon's original drawing, by his son, Victor W. Lyon.

This species was not illustrated by the founders of it, though
some drawings of it were made, and, as a natural consequence.
other species have I n confounded with it. The errors aris-
ing from the want of illustration evidences the imperative
necessity of disregarding all definitions of species that are not
accompanied with illustrations, where a later author has pro-
perly described and illustrated them. Where, however, as in
this case, no one has made a synonyn, it is eminently proper
to illustrate the species, so that it may stand, as of the date
of the publication, in the American Journal of Science and
Arts, I'd Ser., Vol XXVIII, p. 235, in 1858. Sidney S. Lyon
and S. A. Casseday wrote very full and accurate descriptions,
and, for this further reason, it affords us pleasure to be able
to furnish an authentic illustration of tins species. It is very
doubtful about there beiny any generic distinction be-
tween Forbesocrinus and Taxocrinus, and, hence, we find

56

this species sometimes referred to Taxocrinus and at other
times to Forbesocrinus. And again it is doubtful which word
has priority, in proper definition and illustration, though the
name, Taxocrinus was first proposed. If both genera are to
stand, we are inclined to think this species was correctly re-
ferred, by its author, to Forbesocrinus. The species described
by White under the name of Taxocrinus multibrachiattts vai ■
colletti, is not a mere variety of this species. It is a valid
species and must be known as Taxocrinus colleiti, if the genus
Taxocrinus is retained.

We here copy Lyon and Casseday's specific description in
full, as follows:

"Body subglobose, where the arms are folded inward as
usually the case; from the base to the free arms somewhat
discoid, robust, externally covered with minute granules.

"Basal pieces, three, similar in form and sizes forming by
their margin apparently the upper joint of the column, slightly
thickened opposite the middle of the species.

"Subradial pieces, five, in yood specimens presenting five
obtusely angular pieces disconnected from each other, resting
apparently upon the supra columnar piece.

"Radial pieces first series. Generally four in each ray. the
first five (resting between the angular points of the subradials)
are irregular in size and form, four are irregularly hexagonal,
twice as wide as high, the fifth pentagonal and much smaller
than either of the other. The second and third radial S are
obscurely hexagonal, similar in form, differing slightly in size;
the fourth is axillary, obscurely six sided, rising into a long
angular point: on each of its oblique upper sides supporting
three pieces of the secondary radials, which are similar in form
and nearly as Large as the firsl radials. The last of these be-
ing axillary, support on their upper oblique margins, each from
four to seven brachial pieces; these last are again axillary and
bear On one side a branch of from 25 to 30 pieces, on the other
bianch. which is again divided on the sixth or seventh piece
above the first division of the arms, each branch of this last
division being composed of about 20 pieces.

"Interradial fields 1st series. These fields consist of about
fifteen pieces each, the first of which rests upon the upper ob-
lique margin of the first series. Usually hexagonal, small, this
supports two of the second row, similar in form and size;
these last again supporl three of the third row of the same
form, but a little larger; these again a fourth row differing

.u

slightly in form and size, which arc followed by two superior
rows of ten pieces each of irregular forms, sometimes there is
another at the summit of which completes the field.

"Interradial fields of ihe 2d series. Five, composed of pieces
similar in form, from six to seven in number, variously ar-
ranged, sometimes one surmounted by two similar pieces, these
by two others, then a smaller one or one at the base, with one
above the other, these again by two ranges of two, then one,
all these forms are occasionally found in the same specimen.

"Interradial fields of 3d series. Usually ten, composed of from
three to five pieces not regular in form or arrangement, occa-
sionally some of the fields are obscure or absent.

"Anal jrieces six. The first is septagonal and rests upon the
large subradial; upon it are two pieces, nearly similar in size;
in the angle formed by their junction is one irregular studied
piece supporting two quite small quadrangular ones.

"The arms are twenty in number, of irregular length, each
branch divided into three fingers, making sixty in all. They
are free from the third or fourth piece of the third division.

"The arrangement of the several series of interradial fields
between the branches of the arms produces a very large cup
in proportion to which the rays are quite short. The general
form of our species is somewhat like that of Ichthyocrinus
hvvis (Courad) Hall's figure, New York Geol. Eep. pi. 4h fig. 2.
In the arrangement of the rays and the interradial fields in
three series it approaches Forbesocrinus ivortheni Hall (Iowa pi.
17, fig. 5) from which it differs widely in the number of anal
pieces.

"Our specimens are nearly perfect, none of them exhibit the
patelloid pieces of F. Woriheni Hall. In several species of
this genus which have come under our observation there are
no patelloid pieces, in a few of our specimens (the prolonga-
tion of the superior pieces near the center of their breadth
overlapping the inferior) some of the prolongations are frac-
tured; specimens of this character have probably led to the
remark of Mr. Hall before cited. It is highly probable that
this prolongation in the living animal was less calcareous than
the remainder of the piece and owing to this circumstance was
differently mineralized from the mass of the piece. This very
difference, in the composition of the pieces, supposing that the
prolongation was cartilaginous and the rest of the piece
bony, would give flexibility to the body of the calyx and

58

would have been especially useful to our similarly arranged
species, whose rays are soldered together by the intercalation of
three stories of intermedial and interbrachial Holds.

"Our figures are drawn the size of nature from the largesl
perfect specimens thai have come under our notice; fragments
have been found of larger individuals.

"Geological position and locality. Rare in the beds of the
subcarboniferous limestone near to the top of the Knob sand-
stone, Clear Creek, Hardin county, Kentucky. Also in the
same beds in Washington and Montgomery counties, Indiana.
Vertical range unknown; it is probable that it is quite limited."

We are inclined to believe that the species was collected in
Hardin county, Kentucky. We have not found it in Indiana.

FORBESOCRINUS JERSEYENSIS, 11. s|>.

Plate I \\ Fig. 2, azygous side of a compressed specimen; Fig. 3,

opposite side of same, but the overlapping middle port of

the plates has been more or less eroded .

Species large; plates moderately convex: middle pari of the
plates overlap the inferior plates, but where eroded the sutures
appear to be nearly transverse. Calyx constitutes full two-
thirds of the body and is about as wide as high. Intorradial
areas slightly depressed. Arms slowly contract; they are long
and slender above the tertiary series and are infolded at the
ends. Column tapers rapidly below the calyx, where it is
composed of very thin plates.

Basals within the calyx. Subradials small. Primary radials
tour in each series, between two and three times as wide as
long, the last ones are axillary and supporl upon each upper
sloping side the secondary radials. There are three secondary
radials in each series. They are somewhat shorter and nar-
rower than the primary radials. The last ones are axillary
and support, upon the upper sloping sides, the tertiary radials.
The tertiary radials vary, in number, in the differenl rays from
five to eight. In the proximal series, on the lefl of the azygous
area, there are eighl plates, and in the nexl series five. In
the proximal series on the righl of the azygous area there are
seven plates, and in the next series five. In each ray there

are four to six tertiary plate-, hi the proximal series and seven
or eighl in the distal series. The last tertiary radials are
axillary and the proximal rays do not divide, but each distal

quaternary -cries bears an axillary plate and supports the

tilth series on each Of its superior sides. The number of

.-I- 1

quaternary plates in the different distal series varies from
nine to twelve. There are, therefore, twelve arms to each ray
or sixty arms in this species

The regular interradial areas are of unequal size, some have
only two longitudinal series of plates and others have
three. The plates vary in number, in the different areas, from
eleven to eighteen. An area having only eleven plates is
shown in figure 3 and one having eighteen plates is shown in
figure 2. The intersecondary areas are elongated and have
from six to nine plates. The intertertlary areas are elongated
and have either three or four plates, one following the other.
In the azygous area two large plates truncate a subraclial, and
they are followed by two large plates, and above these, theie
are three or four plates in a range until the area begins to
contract. The superior part of this area is injured in our
specimen so that the exact number of plates it contains cannot
be determined.

This species resembles F. muUibrachiatus, in the structure of
the arms, as far as the tertiary radials, but above that, there
is considerable difference. The interradial areas differ in form
and in the number of plates and the azygous areas are widely
different. It, however, bears a closer relationship with that
species than with any other. The difference in the interradial
and azygous areas also makes the two species differ in the
form of the calyx.

Found by the late Prof. Win. McAdams, in the Warsaw
Croup, in Jersey county, Illinois, and now in the collection of
Wm. P. E. Gurley.

TAXOCRINUS UNGULA, n. sp.

Plate V, Fig. 1, azygous view; Fig. 2, opposite side of the same

specimen.

Species lai'ge and the arms have a fanciful resemblance to
numerous claws. The radial series stand out from the inter-
radial areas, and are regularly rounded. The interradial areas
are much depressed, and do not extend half the length of the
body, including the arms. There are one hundred arms in-
folded at the summit. The middle part of each plate overlaps
the inferior plate externally, in a sinuous line, as in other
species. Surface coarsely granular. Column very large, and
tapers rapidly below the calyx, where it is composed of very
thin i>lates.

60

Basals within the calyx. Subradials medium, or rather more
than medium size. Primary radials, four in each series, a little
more than twice as wide as long, gradually taper upward and
become shorter. They are rounded externally. The last ones
are axillary, and support upon the upper sloping sides the
secondary radials. There are three secondary radials in each
series, except in one of the lateral rays, where there are only
two, as shown by figure 2. The last ones are axillary, and
support upon the upper sloping sides the tertiary radials. The
tertiary radials vary from three to six in the different series.
In each of the rays adjoining the azygous area then' are three
tertiary radials in one and four in the other proximal series.
and five in each of the distal series. One of the Lateral rays
is constructed in the same way, except there are tour plates
in each of the proximal series. The other lateral ray lias six
plates in each of the distal series. In the ray opposite the
azygous area there are six plates in one of the distal series.
otherwise it is like the rays adjoining the azygous area. The
last tertiary radials in each series are axillary, and support the
fourth series. The distal rays again divide, and each branch
of the latter again divides, so that there are twenty arms to
each ray. There are, therefore, one hundred arms that curve
over upon or infold upon the summit of this species.

The interradial areas are depressed, and differ greatly in
size. The plates graduate into those of the vault without any
distinct line of separation. The tirst plate rests between the
superior sloping sides of the tirsl primary radials; it is fol-
lowed by a single plate in one of the areas, by two plates in
two of the areas and by three plates in the other area. Above
the second range there are two plates, in the third range, in
one area, three, in two areas, and tour, in the other area.
Above the third range the plates are more numerous, and
while they unite with the secondary radials, the central ones
are much depressed and graduate into t hose of the vault. The
intersecondary areas differ in like manner in size and number
of plates. In one area there is only one plate, in the second
range, in another there are two. and in another there an'
four. They so curve in niton the vault that they cannot he
distinguished in our specimen beyond the second range. There
is one plate in each intertertiary radial area, but it is small
and directed toward the vault.

6i

The first azygous plate broadly truncates a subradial, the
sides are nearly parallel, and it supports two plates in the
second range, one of which only slightly truncates an angle
on the left, while the other rests upon the longer, superior,
inclined side and supports a series of rather large convex
plates. On the right of this series there are some small
plates that unite with the primary radials, above the first
plate, and on the left there are larger plates connecting the
plates with the primary radials. The area curves into I he
vault so rapidly that none of the plates are shown in our spe-
cimen beyond the fourth range.

This species will be readily distinguished from all others, by
its general form, and one hundred arms. If Taxocrinus is dis-
tinguished from Forbesocrinus, by supporting, in the azygous
area, a central or subcentral series of plates, this is a Taxo-
crinus, but if that is not the generic- difference, it might as
well be called a Forbesocrinus.

Found in the Keokuk Group, at Crawfordsville, Indiana, and
now in the collection of Win. F. E. Gurley.

TAXOCRINUS SPLENDENS, n. sp.

Plate V, Ft $.3, azygous area on the right; Fig. 4. opposite side of
the same specimen, which is compressed.

Species medium size. The radial series stand out from the
interradial areas and are broadly rounded. Interradial area-
depressed. There are sixty arms infolded at the summit. The
middle part of each plate overlaps the inferior plate externally,
in a sinuous line, which is more conspicuous than usual in
this genus. Surface pustular. Column tapers very slightly
from the calyx where it is composed <>t very thin plates.

Basals within the calyx. Subradials medium size. Primary
radials, four in each series, and they gradually widen from the
subradials to the secondary radials, which is the reverse of
what we usually find in this genus. They do not increase.
correspondingly, in length. The last ones are axillary and
support upon the upper sloping sides the secondary radials.
There are three secondary radials in each of five series and
four in each of the other five, as follows: In the ray on the
left of the azygous area three in each series: in the ray on the
right and in the ray opposite the azygous area four in each;
in one lateral ray three in each, and in the other lateral ray-
three in one and four in the other. The last ones are axillary

62

and support upon the upper sloping sides the tertiary radials.
The tertiary radials vary from four to ten in the different
series, and the arms are not of equal size. The last tertiary
radials. in each series, are axillary and supporl the quater-
nary radials. The distal rays again divide, which gives to
each ray twelve arms. There are, therefore, sixty arms that
infold upon the summit of this species.

The interradial areas are depressed, narrow, elongated, and
differ in size and number of plates. The plates graduate into
those of the vault without any distinct line of separation. The
first plate rests between the superior sloping sides of the first
primary radials, and is more or less elongated. It is followed
by two plates in the second range, but these are more elon-
gated in some areas than in others, and they differ in size.
There are three plates in the third ranee and above these tin-
plates curve over toward the vault, in the central part of the
areas, while uniting at the sides with the secondary radials.
A small intersecondary plate may be seen in some of the
areas directed inward while it evidently unites with the plates
of Die vault. The azygOUS area is narrow, the first plate
truncates a suhradial and supports a series of rounded plates.
on each side of which, smaller plates connect it with the pri-
mary radial series.

This species is distinguished by its column, expanding pri-
mary radial series, number of secondary and tertiary radials.
and by the narrow and elongated interradial areas. The pus-
tules on the surface are very large though not shown in the
illustrations. There is no described species lor which it can
l>c mistaken by anyone competent to make a comparison.

Pound in the Keokuk Group, at Crawfordsville, Indiana, ami
now in the collection of Win. P. E. Gurley.

rwin.Y ri.ATYCKIXIIUv

PLATYCRINUS [LLINOISENSIS, n. sp.

Plate I. Fig. 5, basal view of calyx; Fig. 6, side view of same;
Fill. 7, summit ri<-n- of the calyx <>( n larger specimen.

Species about medium size, though there is considerable dif-
ference in size among the specimens Collected. Calyx howl-
shaped, subpentagonal, broadly truncated below, sutures deeply
beveled, radials longitudinally convex. Surface smooth. Plates
thick. Column ami arms unknown.

63

Basals form a pentagonal disc with a heighl very little ex
ceeding the thickness of the plates, and being slightly concave
on the lower side where the column attaches. The first radials
stand nearly upright, and are a little longer than wide. They
are broadly convex, the greatest convexity being at the mar-
gins of tin- articulating facets. The articulating facets are
semicircular, occupy about half the diameter of the plates, are
gently concave and directed upward at an angle of about forty-
five degrees. The notch for the ambulacral canal is only faintly
indicated on each plate.

The azygous interradial, as shown by the angle for its re-
ception, is much larger than either of the other interradials.
The vault is probably high, as indicated by the round cavity
and indistinct ambulacral notches, though it is not preserved
in our specimens.

We do not know of any species with which this one might
be confounded, and, therefore, think it is unnecessary to draw
comparisons.

Pound by C. S. Hodgson, in the Burlington Group, in Adams
county. Illinois, and now in the collection of 8. A. Miller.

PLATYCRINUS IfODGSONI. n. Sp.

Plafe V, Fig. 8, basal view; Fig. 9, side view, showing the azygous
interradial on the left.

Species large and wonderfully ornamented. Calyx howl
shaped, pentagonal, very broadly truncated below, sutures
beveled, plates flattened. Surface ornamented with numerous
pustules along the beveled sutures and irregular rounded nodes
over the interior part of the plates. Plates not very thick.
Column round. Arms unknown.

Basals form a large, almost flat, pentagonal disc. It is
slightly concave where the column attaches. Column round
and radiately lined near the margin. The basal disc and radials
are ornamented in the same manner. The first radials are a
little Longer than wide, and stand nearly upright. They are
flattened below the articlating facets. The articulating facets
are semicircular, or occupy a little more than the space of
half a circle, and a little more than half the diameter of the
plates. They are deeply concave and radiately lined for the
firm attachment of the second plates. The facets are directed
upward at an angle of about forty five degrees. The notch
for the ambulacral canal is only faintly indicated on each plate.

64

The azygous interradial is a little larger than either <>f the
Other interradials, stands nearly upright, hut the superior end
curves in upon the vault. The surface bears a short spine,
and is covered with pustules and nodes in the same manner as
i he other plates of the calyx.

This species is distinguished by its form, surface ornamenta-
tion and radiately lined articulating facets.

Pound by C. S. Hodgson, in whose honor we have proposed
the specific name, in the Burlington group, in Adams county,
Illinois, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

Remarks. — We are led, at this time, after an examination of
all of the definitions of the various species of Platycrinus de-
scribed from the palaeozoic rocks of North America, and after
having examined fossils belonging to nearly all the species,
to make the following observations, notwithstanding it would
seem to be more appropriate under a discussion of the genus
itself. Some species have not been illustrated and have been
so poorly denned thai they cannot be determined, without com-
parison with an authentic specimen, just as they could be de-
termined, if there had been no definition, at all, and, there-
fore, they are not entitled to recognition. There has been no
synonymy, where species have been properly described, and, it
is quite possible, there has been none in any case. We recognize
one hundred and nineteen species of Platycrinus from America.

The two earliest forms are P. prcematurus and P. Siluricus,
from the Niagara Group. They are widely different from each
,,t her. and have no resemblance, beyond the generic formula,
to any species that followed them. We have no conception of
the forms from which they were derived, and are equally in
the dark, as to their descendants. If they fall into the life
history of Plafycrinus and all species resulted from evolution.
what a world of forms lived in t he Silurian and Devonian ages
thai are yet wholly unknown.

Prom the Middle Devonian three species have 1 n described.

/'. ebonicevs, P. eriensis, and P. leai. The first two are quite
peculiar and the last mighl seem to he a fitting ancestor to
the round, cup. turbinate, or howl-shaped forms occurring, in
the Subcarboniferous of later times.

The next described species are found in the lower group
of the Subcarboniferous and principally from the Chouteau
limestone Here we find seventeen species, some of
them so widely different from all that preceded them
and from all thai are known in later rocks. that

65

no resemblance can be traced to any of them, beyond the
generic formula. They are as different from a typical Platy-
crinus as the most extreme form of Eretmocrinus is from the
type of Batocrinus. But, in the Chouteau, we find, in P. colletti
and P. ckouteauensis, the commencement of the discoid forms
that became so abundant, in the Burlington Group, and, in P.
pettisensis, the commencement of the pentagonal, bowlshaped
forms that abounded in the Burlington Group and survived
until the Kaskaskia age. The rounded, turbinate and cup
shaped forms, however, prevailed.

More than twenty distinct, discoid species, of which P.
oavus, P. gorbyi, P. occidentalis, P. sulcatus, P. disco.ideus, P.
excavatus, P. striaebrachiatus, P. sulciferus, and P. formosus
are extreme representatives, have been described from the
Burlington Group, but none from rocks of later age. if we ex-
cept P. pumilus, from the Warsaw Group, that has a calyx
somewhat discoid in outline. Sixteen species having a pen-
tagonal, bowlshaped outline, of which P. sampaoni, P. mis-
souriensis, P. wortheni and P. hodysoni are extreme forms, have
been described, from the Burlington Group, and only three
from the Keokuk, one from the Warsaw and one from the
Kaskaskia. The Platycrinus seem to have been in their zenith
of development, in the Burlington Group, and to have become
extinct, before the close of the subcarboniferous period.

We may divide Platycrinus into discoid, bowlshaped, pen
tagonal, turbinate, hemispherical and urnshaped forms, for con-
venience of identification and description. But to propose
generic or subgeneric names for such subdivisions would be
on a par with those proposed by some authors for Poterio-
crinus, and possess no merit, whatever, in a scientific sense:
but, (Hi the contrary, would constitute another stake, driven
in the path of progress, for every student and naturalist to
stumble over, until some one happened along with the strength
and courage to pull it up and throw it away. The variety of
forms displayed, in Platycrinus. is an evidence of evolution;
but until we have become acquainted with many forms that
are now unknown and have more correct ami settled opin-
ions as to the effect of the environments in shaping the struc
ture of the tests, we can know but little of the life history of
the animals.

PLATE I.

Page.

BaTOCRINCH GERMAN US, II. Sp ^

Pig. 1. Basal view.

Fig. 2. Azygous Bide view

i i :. 3. Sam mil view.

BATO0BINU8 PBOXIMGS, n. ep ~

Fig. 4. Basal view.
Pig, 5. Lateral view.
Batocbinus in tin; son i, n. sp

Fig. G. Azygons view.
Fig. 7. Lateral view.

Batocbinus argutus, n. sp ■'

Fig. 8. Azygons view.
Fig. 9. Opposite side vi<-w.

BATOCBINUS H a MUCUS, D. Sp *'

Fig. 10. A/.ygons view
Kig. 11. Opposite side view.
Fig. 12. Summit.

BaTOCRINCS AM'ERATUB, D. Sp •'-

Fig. 18. Azygous view.

Pig 14. Lateral view
BATOCRINUS ASl'ER, n. sp 13

Fig. 15 Basal view.

Fie;. 16. Azygons view.
Acjaricocbinus hodssoni, n. sp 23

Fig. 17. Basal view.

Fig. 18. Summit.

Fig. 19. Azygous view.

Fig. 20. Opposite side view.

A'. \RH DCRINUS ILLINOISENSIS, II. Sp 25

Fig. 21. Basal view.

Pig. 22. Summit.

Fig. 23. Azvgous view.
B ltocrikus oistdxa, n. sp IS

Pig, 24. Azygous view.

Pig. 25. Basal view.

Fig. 26. Summit.
Batocri^us iessi.i , a. ep 20

Pig. 87. Azygoue view.

Fig. 28. Summit.

Fig. 29. Basal view

Pig. 80. Lower part of calyx of another ( ' i example.

Fit;. 81. Azygons view of cast of another. | ': )

Fig. 32. Basal view of same cast.
r. POi inM'S A.DAM8BNSI8, u. Bp. 14

Til;. 33. Azygous view.

Fig, 84. Opposite aide view.

pig. 35, Summit.

BATOCBIMUS i IT;

Pig. 36. Azygoue view.

Pig, 87. Opposite view

Pig 88. Summit.

BatocBINCB MODULUS, n. sp l'i

Fig 89. Baeal view.

Pig, 40. Azygons view

Fig. II. Summit.

Batocbinus nanus, n. sp. IT

Pig. 42. Azygoua view

! 8. Opposite view.

1 . m i -ii'-il \ binds blaibi, a. sp 26

Pig. 45. Basal view.

Fig, 16 Sams magnified two diameters,

Pig. 17. Summit.

Same magnified two diameters.
Pig. 49. Azygous view.

aagnlfled two diameters.

ILL. STATE MUS. OF NAT. HIST.
rjulletin No. 8.

Plate I.

PLATE II.

Page

MBOiBTOcaiNua indianenbis, n. ap 2T

Pig. 1. Basal view

Fig. 2. Summit.

Fig. 3. Azygous view.

STEUANOCRINUS BPERGENENBIS, D. Sp 29

Fig. 4. Azygous view.

Fig. 5. Opposite side view.

Fig. 6. Basal view.

Fig. 7. Snmmit.

Batocrinub bot.itakiub, n. sp 22

Fig. 8. Lateral view.
"Fig. 9. Azygoue view.
Fig. 10. Summit.
Fig. 11. Basal view

StkoTOCKIM s 0RNATU8, D. Sp 30

Fig. 12. Azygous view.
Fig. 13. Right lateral view.
Fig. 14. Summit.

A.CTINOCR1NU6 lEBSl.i-;, n. sp 32

Pig. 15. A/,ygou« view

Fig. Hi. Opposite side view.

ZE m hints I'ECULIARIS, U. sp 34

Fig. IT. Azygons aide on left
Fig. 18. Opposite side of sain-*.
Fig. 19. Basal view.

Zba< kin us i>ovEKKN«iB, n. ap 35

Fig. 20. Azygons eide view.
Fig. 21. Opposite Bide of same.
Fig. 22. Basal view

I ii KIN IH KENT! I'KIKSHO, n. sp 3"

Pig 28. Basal view

Fig. 24. View of specimen opposite azygona side.

Babycbinub ei.uohi. n sp 38

Fig. 25. Azygons view.

Fig, 26. Basal view.

Fig. 27. View opposite azygons Hide.

Bulletin No. 8.

ILL. STATE MUS. OF NAT. HIST.

Plate II.

P
- j

- .. .'

g I
3 ^

PLATE 111.

Page

D0LAT0CRWU9 [NDIANENS1B, D. Sp 40

Fig. 1. Basal view.

Fig. 2. Summit.

Pig. .i Azygous view.

SIXO G A.ROUTOB, n Bp 41

Pig. 4. Basal view.
Fig. 5. Azygous view
Fig »;. Summit.

DOLAT.M'IUNUS BBLLAJ EJGOB1 , D sp 43

Fig. 7. BaBal view.

Fig. 8. Lateral view, azygous area on left.

Fig. u Summit.

Il n, a in. i;im - ca IRLB9TOWNEN8IS, n Bp. . .. .' 14

Fig. 10. Basat view.
FiLr. 1 1. Summit.
Fig. 13, Azygous view

Doi ltocrinub i i i.ATue, n. sp 16

Fig. 13. Basal view.
Pig. 14. Lateral view.
n i Summit.

DOLATOCRISUS A.PLATUS, n. sp 18

Fig. 16. Basal view.
Fig. 17. Summit.
Fig. is. Lateral view.

rATHOCRIXUS WATJJBONENSIB, M. & D 49

Fig 19. Azygous view.

Pig. -jo. Opposite side view, both figures magnified two diameters.

i'yatihh mm ra 1 : 1 A IUI . M A I i . .. , 50

Fig. 21. Azygous view
32. Summit.

Tn-i -a:\<m-ui,m. e mum . . sp 51

Pig 33 Basal view

Fig. 34. ! ■ ■ ■. oub view
FiL'. -S. Opposite Bide view.

POTEBIOCRINI I Q. 8P 89

oue view.
Opposite side of the same.

R] I IREBNBI, n. Bp 53

i !8. Azygous side view of calyx and part of arm?.

S\ Nl.M HO< UINU* ILLIN0ISBN8I8, D. 8p 53

Pig, 29. Basal ■ I ■

\ gyj ous view
i Summit.

BSOCRTMUfl WASHING1] : sp 54

Pig. 82. Azygous f*i»li* view.
■ ■ Bide view

ILL. STATE MUS. OF NAT. HIST.

Bulletin No. 8.

Plate III.

i

! it

16

?J33S

? *lS3 iS5i Ute b b

fl.Atb< >

PLATE IV.

Page.
FonsEaocRiNUe uultibrachiatus, L. A C 55

Pig I. Diagrammatic view, copied from Sidneys. Lyon's original drawing, by his eon,

\ Ictor W I, von.

FoRBBSOCRlNUt .TSRABYBNBH, l'l. -|i.

Fig. 2, AzygouB side view.
Fig ■',. i Opposite Bide \ lew

ILL. STATE MUS. OF NAT. HIST.
Bulletin No. 8. Plate IV.

PLATE V

p .

Ta SO) RINUS DNfiULA, n. ep •■• ■ W

Fig. l. Ajeygous side view.
Fig. 2 opposite Bide i ievt

TaXOCRINUS BPLKNDBN8, ii. ftp I*J

Fig. :i. Azygoua side view.
Pig. 4. Opposite side view.

PLATTOBINUB [LLINOIBEN9I8, n 8p '•-

Fig. 5. Basal view.
Fig. fi. Lateral view.
Fig. 7. Summit,

Platycrinub hodgboni, n. ap ,,:1

Fig, B. Basal view.

Fig. 9. Lateral view, azygoue areaoo the left

ILL. STATE IVIUS. OF NAT. HIST.

Bulletin No. 8.

Plate V.

8

9

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