US ISSN: 0025-4231 O.U M3^3 'Yo.T.T^ ©r the Tftarylanb f)ecpeto(ogical 0onety DEPARTMENT OF HERPETOLOGY THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF MARYLAND, INC. MDHS . A Founder Member of the Eastern Seaboard Herpetological League SEPTEMBER 2008 VOLUME 44 NUMBER 3 BULLETIN OF THE MARYLAND HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 CONTENTS Morphological Revision of Lizards of the Formosus Group, Genus Sceloporus (Squamata: Sauria) of Southern Mexico, with Description of a New Species. Edmundo Perez-Ramos & Lucia Saldana-de La Riva . . . . . 77 Extension of the North Area of Distribution of Coral Snake Micrurus D. Diastema (Serpentes: elapidae) in the State of Veracruz, Mexico Amaya Hernandez Angel R. and Raul Rivera Velazquez . 99 Northward Range Extension of Hyla Miotymphanum (Anuraihylidae) in the State of Veracruz, Mexico Amaya Hernandez Angel R. and Raul Rivera Velazquez............... . 101 Notes on Reproduction of Dicrodon guttulatum, D. heterolepis and D. holmbergi (Squamata: Teiidae) from Peru Stephen R. Goldberg . . . . . . . 103 The Eastern Spadefoot Toad, Scaphiopus holbrookii in Maryland Herbert S. Harris and Kevin Crocetti, . . . . . 107 BULLETIN OF THE mbt)s Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 The Maryland Herpetological Society Department of Herpetology, Natural History Society of Maryland, Inc. President Tim Hoen Executive Editor Herbert S. Harris, Jr. Steering Committee Jerry D. Hardy, Jr. Herbert S. Harris, Jr. Tim Hoen Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 76-93458 Membership Rates Membership in the Maryland Herpetological Society is $25.00 per year and includes the Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society. For¬ eign is $35.00 per year. Make all checks payable to the Natural History Society of Maryland, Inc. Meetings Meetings are held monthly and will be announced in the “Maryland Herpetological Society” newsletter and on the website, www.maryland- nature.org. Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 MORPHOLOGICAL REVISION OF LIZARDS OF THE FORMOSUS GROUP, GENUS SCELOPORUS (SQUAMATA: SAURIA) OF SOUTHERN MEXICO, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES. Edmundo Perez-Ramos * & Lucia Saldaha-de La Riva AM met Only four species recognized as belonging to the formosus group ( sensu lato) of the genus Sceloporus possess a wide black nuchal collar: S. acanthinus, S. salvini , S. stejnegeri and S. tanneri. Here we describe a large new species of spiny lizard closely related to these. Sceloporus druckercolini it. sp., is distinguished from its congeners by having the following combination of characters: complete, wide (minimum three scales length) straight black nuchal collar, without light borders; large supraocular scales in one row; dorsals 32 to 38; femoral pores 12 to 17; usually, the blue abdominal semeions of males with black medial borders. This arboreal species mainly inhabit pine, oak, and cloud forests, from 887 to 2600 m of elevation in the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guer- rero, Mexico. A preliminary examination of the morphology and the coloration of all these species in the Mesoamerican area suggest a close relationship among S. acanthinus , S. druckercolini , S. salvini , S. stejnegeri , and S . tanneri ; so it is likely that these represent their own group. The salvini group is characterized by possessing a well-defined, complete, wide black collar and a range of 24-44 (mean 34) dorsal scales; while the rest of the species of the formosus group possess a wide or narrow scapular band and a range of 25-58 (mean 41.5) dorsal scales. Geographically both groups are sympatric. Key words: Morphology, Coloration, Formosus group, Mesoamerican area, Sceloporus druckercolini new species, Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero, Mexico. Resunten En las lagartijas del genero Sceloporus que pertenecen al grupo formosus ( sensu lato) pero con collar nucal negro y amplio, se reconocen cuatro especies: S. acanthinus , S. salvini , S. stejneg¬ eri y S. tanneri. En esta ocasion describimos una especie nueva de lagartija grande cercanamente relacioeada. Sceloporus druckercolini n. sp., se distingue de sus congeneres por presentar collar negro, ancho (mMmo tres escamas), complete, recto y sin ninguna indication de hordes claros; escamas supraoculares grandes en una hilera; 32 a 38 escamas dorsales; 12 a 17 poros femorales y los ejemplares machos comunmente con hordes centrales negros en las manchas ventrales azules. Habita priecipalmente sobre arboles de bosques de pino, de pino-encino y mesofilo de montana situados entre altitudes de 887 a 2600 m de la Sierra Madre del Sur, al oeste de Chilpancingo, Guer¬ rero, Mexico. En la revision de la morfologfa y la coloration de las especies de lagartijas presentes en el area mesoamerieana, hay cinco especies que comparten por lo menos un caracter y tienen mayor probabilidad de estar estrechamente relacionadas entre si que con las demas lagartijas del grupo formosus ( sensu lato), lo cual sugiere una relation cercana entre S. acanthinus, S. druckercolini, S . salvini , S. stejnegeri y S. tanneri, por lo que posiblemente conforman un grupo propio, el grupo salvini que esta principalmente caracterizado por presentar un collar negro, amplio, complete, bien Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 77 Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 definido y con una variacion de 31=44 (promedio 34) escamas dorsales; mientras que los demas miembros conforman el grupo formosus caracterizado por presentar banda escapular ancha o angosta y una variacion de 25-58 (promedio 41.5) escamas dorsales. Ambos grupos en amplia simpatria. Palabras clave: Morfologia, coloracion, Grupo formosus , Mesoamerica, Sceloporus druckercolini especie nueva, Sierra Madre del Sur de Guerrero, Mexico. Introduction Within the species groups of the genus Sceloporus recognized by several authors (Smith 1939; Larsen & Tanner 1974, 1975; Sites et al. 1992; Wiens & Reeder, 1997; among others), the formosus group (, sensu lato) is outstanding by including morphologically conservative species, procryptic species (avoid depredation by stealth and mimicry), chromospecies (colorful species) and homochromatic species (similar coloration). Recently it has been recognized as having polytypic species Bell et al. 2003. However, in the most recent systematic revision of the genus, Wiens & Reeder (1997) recognized the monophyly of the Sceloporus formosus species Group. In this group the taxonomically differentiation of the members is partly untenable and the nomenclatural history of the congeners remains vague. We lack a formal systematic study of the whole formosus group, that not only enables us to interpret the phylogeny and biogeography of the group, but that also helps us generate a consensus on its composition. Still, there are many information gaps and cryptic species (mi sidenti fi cation or confounded species and another case may be new species), as seven cases: S. acanthinus, S. formosus, S. internasalis, S. lunaei, S. malachiticus, S. taeniocnemis, and S. tanneri. Another eight species are phenotypically diagnosed and recognized by karyotypic and genetic studies: 8. adleri, S. cryptus, S. hartwegi (in part as S. taeniocnemis), S. salvini, S. scitulus, S. smaragdinus, S. stejnegeri, and 8. subp ictus (fide Sites et al. 1992; Wiens & Reeder, 1997). Us¬ ing the original descriptions, the morphological revision and coloration of the lizards related to S. formosus-, as well as the geographical distribution of most of the fourteen species that constitute the formosus group (fide Wiens & Reeder, 1997); an arrangement of the known members is attempted and the description of a new species from Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) in Guerrero is included in order to contribute to the knowledge of these emerald “formosa” lizards. So the formosus group is in fact phenotypically conformed, by at least two species groups. Here we follow the suggestion of the general lineage of species concept to remove several subspecies (Cracraft 1983; de Queiroz 1998; Wiens & Servedio 2000). Methods Several herpetological trips to the summits of the SMS in Guerrero were carried out as part of the amphibian and reptile faunal surveys which began before the 1980s. During one of those trips, during a visit to the Barque Natural of Guerrero located in the western region of Chilpancingo, some specimens of a population of lizards firstly associated with Sceloporus stejnegeri were found. Later on, these lizards were re-examined using the extra murus ecological observations started by Hobart M. Smith, which enable us to distinguish them from species living nearby and from closely related species. The type series of specimens anesthetized with chloroform, fixed in formalin (10%) and preserved in alcohol (70%). Sceloporus druckercolini new species Lagartija elegante arborfcola de montana Graceful mountain tree lizard (Figures 2 & 4d) page 78 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 Holotype: IBH 6362-6, adult male, 1 .5 km NE Filo de Caballo, 2170 m, in pine-oak forest in the central part of the Sierra Madre del Sur, W of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico, captured on pine tree at 1:56 PM on 21 July 1980, by Vicente Villa. Paratypes (9 specimens): MZFC 16037, adult male, (liver extraction), 1.7 km NE Filo de Caballo, 2175 m, in pine-oak forest, caught on a pine trunk at 1:55 PM on 21 July 1980, by E. Perez-Ramos. IBH 6363, adult female, 2 km N Filo de Caballo, in pine-oak forest, collected on fallen trunk, at 9:45 AM on 22 July 1980, by E. Perez-Ramos. IBH 6362-3, young male, 2 km NW Filo de Caballo, 2060 m, in pine-oak forest, caught on fallen trunk, at 3:25 PM on 21 July 1980, by L. Saldana-de la Riva. IBH 6362, young male, 2 km NE Filo de Caballo, 2080 m, in pine-oak forest, collected on fallen trunk, at 4:00 PM on 21 July 1980, by E. Perez-Ramos. IBH 6362-5, young female, 1.5 km NE Filo de Caballo, 2100 m, in pine-oak forest, captured on pine tree at 2:55 PM on 21 July 1980, by E. Perez-Ramos. MZFC 16036, adult female (liver extraction), 1.5 km NW Filo de Caballo, 2080 m, pine-oak forest, collected on pine tree, at 4:10 PM on 21 July 1980, by E. Perez-Ramos; UCM 50656, young male, 10.3 mi SW Puerto del Gallo on Atoyac rd., 1700 m, collected on 21 December 1972 by K. Adler; LACM 109238 and 109239, both young males, Carrizal de Bravos or 37.5 mi by road (to Atoyac) SW Milpillas (Figure 1). Diagnosis: S. druckercolini differs from all other congeners of th tformosus group ( sensu lato), except S. acanthinus (in part), S. internasalis (in part), S. salvini , S. stejnegeri, and S. tanneri (in part), in that it presents a complete, wide straight black nuchal collar without clear borders. Among the members of salvini group -here defined by possessing a wide nuchal collar, usually large supraoculars, and large dorsals, principally-, S. druckercolini differs from S. acanthinus and S. tanneri in that it sometimes has one supraocular scale vs. two or more posterior supraocular scales in contact with the scales on the midline of the head. From Sceloporus stejnegeri, the closest geographic congener, it differs in that it possesses: 32-38 vs. 37-42 dorsal scales; 35-45 vs. 45-50 scales around the body; 12-17 vs. 16-21 femoral pores; 7-12 vs. 12-16 scales between the femoral pore series; male specimens with central dark borders in the semeions vs. occasionally evident, respectively. Sceloporus druckercolini differs from S. internasalis (in part) and S. salvini in that it possesses irregular scales on the intemasal area vs. rounded scales; large and complete supraoculars vs. small scales divided into two rows (except S. internasalis which is variable); variable contact among middle and lateral frontonasal scales vs. a wide separation among these; 32-38 vs. 33-40 and 37-44 dorsal scales, respectively; 12-17 vs. 12 and 11-14 femoral pores, respectively; 7-12 vs. 8-9 and 13 scales between femoral pore series, respectively. Likewise, S . druckercolini differs from S. internasalis in that it has a row of scales between the rostral and the nasal scales and a row of scales between the first supralabial and the nasal scales vs. two rows of scales between such scales. Sceloporus druckercolini differs, as well, in that it presents a wide nuchal collar vs. variable, shoulder patches absent or, if present, nearly a complete nuchal collar or separated dorsally by 6 or 7 scale rows (Smith & Bumzahem 1955). Description: The descriptive methodology used here is the one suggested by Smith (1942). Large, robust lizard, standard length 97.5 mm, tail length 136 mm, weight 34 g; short and thick head; five scales between rostral and middle frontonasal; middle frontonasal in wide contact with lateral frontonasals; prominent frontal ridges; anterior section of frontal in contact with pre- frontals; prefrontals thoroughly in contact; large interparietal, in contact with posterior section of frontal; two canthals; six superciliaries; a row of four large supraoculars, broadly separated from the scales on the midline of the head from superciliaries by two rows of small scales, at least from the second and third supraoculars. Coloration -alive, Figure 4d, adult male from El Paraiso, Guerrero-: the polychromatic coloration contrasts with their environments, Sceloporus druckercolini presents a dorsal background Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 79 Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 differentiated into four zones: brown head with greenish yellow tonalities, black nape (complete wide black collar), magnificent greenish yellow body and greenish blue tail, green proximal sec¬ tion and brown distal portion. The dorsal scales of the body each have brown borders. The ventral coloration is differentiated into: mental area greenish yellow with brown tonalities; gular area bright turquoise blue; semeions bright turquoise blue with central dark borders tenuously delin¬ eated, marbled with black, green and yellow tones; some greenish yellow scales intercalated with black and gray scales. Blue semeions broadly separated by a whitish area of 4-5 scales of width. The pectoral and abdominal regions are whitish brown with some greenish yellow scales, mainly in the middle ventral area. Holotype coloration (in vitro): dorsal background green with brown tonalities; head greenish brown, a bit darker than the body; complete black collar. Tail background coloration with blue' tonalities and with tenuously delineated alternating dark and white bands. Mental area and gular region greenish yellow and dark blue, respectively. Onthogenetic changes exist in the coloration of S. druckercolini which is sexually dichro¬ matic, as S. adleri (Smith & Savitzky 1974) and other congeners. The young lizards of both sexes possess, on the back and the dorsolateral surfaces of the body, two rows of transversal marks darker than the brown background, which are present until maturity in females, so juveniles and adult females are procryptic; on the other hand, in adult males these transverse marks tend to disappear and the dorsal coloration turns uniform with bright greenish yellow and greenish brown tonalities, which contrast with the environment. In adults, the ventral surface is sexually dichromatic, males with two strongly bright turquoise blue semeions, with short black borders on the midventral part; while the females have grayish brown semeions, but without dark central borders. All the specimens of the type series have, on the posterior surface of the thigh, a transverse white fringe with dark borders; although in mature male specimens it is thin, in adult females and in young specimens of both sexes it is more conspicuous. Taxonomic comments: S. druckercolini is closely related to species distributed in Me- soamerica such as S. salvini, S. stejnegeri, S. tanneri and S. acanthinus. Several authors (Smith & Perez-Higareda 1992; Smith et al. 2001; Smith 2001; Kohler 2003, among others) suggest the presence of populations with collar, wide scapular band or the narrow scapular band of the latter two species. Because of the lack of consensus on the type of nuchal pattern, in this study, these spe¬ cies we defined in a broad sense, considering at least as two forms. Populations having collar, and populations with scapular band. So that, in the case of S. acanthinus, the populations possessing a narrow black collar represent the species S. acanthinus alpha-form; while those with wide black collars represent the species S. acanthinus beta-form; however, the count of dorsal scales of each is unknown, or maybe the general squamations and coloration are mixed. In turn, S . druckercolini differs from the S. acanthinus alpha-form mainly in that it pos¬ sesses a complete, wide black collar vs. a narrow black collar -setting aside agreement between the original description and the populations assigned to this latter species-. In the concise original description of S. acanthinus, Bocourt (1873) notes “ . un collier scapulaire noir et complet.....”. Later, in 1874, the same author clarifies “.....cou ome d5un collier scapulaire noir, assez etroit, complet, et non borde de jaune . Something similar is expressed about this species by Smith et al. (2000). While S. tanneri possesses a clear posterior border in the dark narrow collar and the posterior supraocular scales, most of the time, are in wide contact with the interparietal s (Smith et al. 2001; Smith & Larsen 1975). Several authors have noticed similar populations of 5. acanthinus with wide collars (e. g. in Kohler 2003 see fig. 328 p. 139 of the mature male of S. acanthinus from page 80 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 a town near Guanagasapa, Escuintla, Guatemala); for what it is likely that these are species closely related to S. druckercolini, S. salvini, S. stejnegeri and S. tanneri. Etymology: The specific name is a patronym for Rene Drucker Colm, in recognition of his intense efforts in favor of science in Mexico and of the world-wide trascendency of his researches. Associated species: In Filo de Caballo region (Figure 3), which belongs to the Parque Natural de Guerrero, west of Chilpancingo, there have been found the amphibians Pseudoeurycea mixcoatl (wet habitats), P. tenchalli, Syrrhophus nitidus and Craugastor omiltemanus (Adler 1996), Thorius omiltemi (Hanken et al. 1999); as well as Ollotis occidentalis and Plectrohyla bistincta. The reptiles are Plesthiodon brevirostris, Mesaspis gadovi , Anolis liogaster, Sceloporus scitulus, S. stejnegeri (now known to be S. druckercolini ), S. omiltemanus, Leptodeira bressoni , Pituophis lineaticollis , Rhadinaea aemula, Thamnophis chrysocephalus , T. godmani and Crotalus omilt¬ emanus (Adler 1996; Saldana-de la Riva & Perez-Ramos 1987). Other species captured in areas adjacent to Filo de Caballo included P. belli, P. chryses , P. mykter, C. saltator, S. grammicus and Ophryacus undulatus (Adler 1996); Exerodonta melanomma Smith 1972; Abronia martindelcampoi (Flores- Villela & Sanchez 2003); Conopsis megalodon (Goyenechea & Flores-Villela 2006), and P. musgosa (Kaplan, pers. comm.). Notes: Before the recognition of S. druckercolini as a new species, the adult specimens of both sexes were dissected in order to observe reproductive state and mode; two females (standard lengths 79.8 and 76 mm) captured during the humid season (July), contain ovarian follicles in the abdominal cavity, the largest lizard (IBH 6363) with three large follicles (0.86 mm, 0.83 mm and 0.77 mm in diameter, respectively); while the smallest (IBH 6362-2) had eight follicles of different sizes, the largest one with a diameter of 0.32 mm and the smallest with 0.07 mm; both females with distended oviducts. It seems that the reproductive mode is viviparous -the three syntopic species S. adleri, S. omiltemanus and S. scitulus are viviparous-. Furthermore, it seems to coincide with the reproductive activity of viviparous species which occurs in summer-spring — vitellogenesis at the end of summer-autumn, gestation in winter and parturition in spring- fide Mendez-de la Cruz et al. (1998). In turn, a major tendency exists toward viviparity among the sceloporines of high elevations (fide Guillette et al. 1980; Sites et al. 1992). In the differentiation of S. druckercolini vs. S stejnegeri, another character that has rel¬ evance between both species is the ecological aspect (Table 1). Sceloporus stejnegeri occupies the areas at the foothills between 189 and 270 m elevation in the Tierra Colorada region; although it seems that the known altitudinal range of S. stejnegeri varies between 50-1400 m (Eric N. Smith, pers. comm.), while S. druckercolini ranges from the hillsides of the Sierra de Atoyac to the summits of the Sierras Campo Morado and Igualatlaco (from 887 to 2600 m of elevation). It has also been recently found in the Sierras Cumbres de Dolores and Cumbres de La Tentacion (Eric N. Smith, pers. comm.), in the northwestern end of the Sierra Madre del Sur (Figure 1). Sceloporus stejnegeri is parapatryc with S. druckercolini. Perhaps both species are closely related and it is very likely a case of ecological substitution. In the case of the smallest number in lamellae of the fourth toe in S. stejnegeri compared to S. druckercolini (20-23 vs. 21-25 lamellae, respectively), and rows of large and mucronated posterolateral tibiofibular scales vs. small and rounded, 6 vs. 7-8 rows, respectively; is probably due, as proposed by Rewcastle (1983) to the adaptation to an epiphytic lifestyle of some lizards such as S. druckercolini that has proportionally longer fingers than S. stejnegeri which is saxicolous. With regard to ventral coloration, the pres¬ ence of dark borders in the semeions of male specimens of S. druckercolini is significant since it is another character shared with some congeners. S. stejnegeri, which is geographically the closest Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 81 Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 species, lacks dark borders in both blue semeions (Smith et al. 2001 , Smith 1942). This observation, however, must be re-evaluated since in recently collected material of S. stejnegeri it was noticed that the ventral coloration of both species appeared to be similar. Sceloporus salvini , which has a disjunct distribution in the Sierra Madre Oriental, is here treated as in the same group with S. druckercolini. Both species are extremely similar, perhaps due to the homoplasia and probably to the patristic relationships of the Mesoamerican congeners of the salvini and formosus groups, in some of which there are relict species with disjunct distribution, e. g. S. adleri and S. malachiticus , as well as S. acanthinus and S . tanneri (fide Smith et al. 2001). It seems this species are conservative in scutellation characteristics and in the nuchal coloration pattern. Sceloporus druckercolini differs from S. acanthinus (in part) and S. tanneri (in part) in that it pos¬ sesses all supraocular scales separated from the middle scales of the head; but specimens Sierra de Atoyac, at Nueva Delhi at 1494 m and of the Sierra del Venado, at La Ola at 1894-2183 m in eleva¬ tion, present one scale in contact; while S. acanthinus and S. tanneri have the posterior supraocular scales widely in contact with the interparietals (variable in S . tanneri ). Moreover S. tanneri has a light posterior border on the thin dark nuchal collar or wide black scapular bands (fide Smith et al 2001), not being like this in S. druckercolini that has a complete dark nuchal collar as wide as in S. internasalis (in part) and S. salvini. Besides, considering the variation in the head scutellation, some specimens of S. druckercolini also have one posterior supraocular in contact with the scales in the midline of the head; likewise, in the matter of the total number of femoral pores, it has slightly more of these (34 vs. 32); and one vs. more than two supraoculars in contact with the scales in the midline of the head. For the moment, S. druckercolini and S. tanneri (Smith & Larsen 1975) are differentiated by coloration and few morphological characters. Sceloporus druckercolini differs from S. tanneri in the type of collar which is dark and wide, without clear borders and in that it has all the supraocular scales separated from the scales in the midline of the head (see above variation). In Guerrero, S. druckercolini shares characteristics with species of the formosus group such as S. adleri and S. scitulus fide Wiens & Reeder 1997). In phenotypic and ecological characteristics S. druckercolini is intermediate among S . adleri , S. scitulus and S. stejnegeri ; the species S. adleri and S. scitulus are of smaller size (maximum standard lengths 73.8 and 8 1.6 mm, respectively), both inhabit higher elevations, and in general, these have higher meristic numbers; S. stejnegeri inhabits foothills and it is more or less the same size as S. druckercolini (94 and 97.5 mm, respectively), but with slightly higher meristic numbers. A strongly melanistic specimen (MZFC 2375, mature male), from Gratas deAcahuizotla, Gro., at 850 m elevation, is of particular interest to systematics and biogeography. Although it resembles it in coloration -it possesses a dark scapular band- and aspect S . scitulus , it differs from this species in that it possesses 41 dorsals, 13-14 femoral pores, 12 scales between the femoral pores series, 22 lamellae on the fourth toe; a canthal (apparently the anterior one is forced upwards dorsally); four scales between the rostral and the prefrontal; five supraoculars and a larger size than that of any known S. scitulus (81.6 mm vs. 79.6 mm, respectively). Moreover, two specimens of S. stejnegeri (MZFC 7426 and UTA-R 51621) possess, at least on one side, the same condition of separation between the middle frontonasal scales and lateral frontonasal as in the syntype ZMB 632 of S. salvini . At the same time, some populations of this later species, in Oaxaca (MZFC 5631 Jalahui and MZFC 13231 Puente de Fierro) present a definite contact among those scales, at least on one side. The species (, S . druckercolini , S. tanneri and S. acanthinus beta-form) are allopatric, while S. internasalis and S . salvini are sympatric (E. g. Jalahui region, Oax.), but with regard to S. druckercolini they present a disjunct distribution. Sceloporus druckercolini in the central part of the Sierra Madre del Sur, Guerrero, between 887 and 2600 m altitude; S. tanneri in the Sierra de page 82 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 Miahuatlan, Oaxaca between 935 and 1524 m altitude (Smith et al. 2001); S. acanthinus (in part) from the low hillsides of the Pacific slope, to the southeast of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, in Mexico and toward the mountains of Guatemala and El Salvador, at elevations of 150-1250 m (Smith et al. 2001); while (Kohler 2003) remarks that S. acanthinus (in part) ranges between 400 y 1500 m elevation. With a combined elevation, S. internasalis and S. salvini are found in the southern part of the Sierra Madre Oriental, in the states of Veracruz and Oaxaca, at elevations of 61-2500 m (fide Smith & Perez-Higareda 1992; Kohler & Heimes 2002). With regard to the morphological and coloration comparisons among S. druckercolini and the other seemingly related species, the descriptions of S. lunaei, S. malachiticus and S. taeniocnemis were used; while for other species such as S. acanthinus (in part), S. adleri, S. asper, S. cryptus, S. formosus, S. hartwegi, S. internasalis, S. salvini, S. scitulus, S. smaragdinus, S. stejnegeri, S. sub- pictus and S. tanneri, at least two specimens of each species were examined. Wherefore, many of the inconsistencies of the phylogenetic relationships among the species of the whole formosus group are due to the lack of complete descriptions, representative material of the type locality, adult male specimens observed alive and systematic sampling of the distribution areas of all the congeners. Without an explicit phylogenetic analysis, the relationships of S. druckercolini with other species of the genus are tentative. The recognition of S. druckercolini supposes that some of the morphological discrepancies among the specimens of the type series and the species S. acanthinus, S. internasalis, S. salvini, S. stejnegeri, and S. tanneri previously mentioned; e. g. wide black collar, complete or incomplete collar, collar with or without clear borders, number of lamellae of the fourth toe which are probably shared characters, although to what extent, it is yet unknown, the same can be said of the levels of patristic relationship, suggested here, based on other attributes. However, the coloration and certain morphological state character data among and within the groups here proposed make us think that such features define relationship lines and suggest arrangements of the species; it seems that the formosus group (sensu lato) represents another case in which a polytypic biological species consists of several unrelated, well-differentiated allopatric species, such as S.jarrovii (Wiens et al. 1999). It is desirable to corroborate this in the future. Also, by means of the investigation of phylogenetic hypothesis it is possible to discover occasions in which some populations assigned to a biological species are more related phylogenetically with other species than with populations with which are at first sight, compatible reproductively (Frost & Hillis 1990). The differentiation of the species S. druckercolini is based on morphological characters, coloration, ecological and geographical distribution that, for the moment, allow the recognition of this species of Sceloporus in the region of the Sierra de Guerrero. For the time being, with the available information -see specimens examined Appendix 1 and original descriptions of the treated species- (Table 2); it is likely to suppose that the species conform in each case, their own assem¬ blages. There are two phenotypic sections in formosus species group, distinguished on the basis of the primary characters of scutellation and coloration (Table 2). The grouping of S. salvini- forms that consists of S. acanthinus, S. druckercolini, S. salvini, S. stejnegeri, and S. tanneri is unequivo¬ cally supported by (1) the presence of a wide black collar without white borders, (2) large size, and (3) enlarged dorsal scales. Meanwhile, the grouping of formosus- forms constituted by S. adleri, S. cryptus, S. formosus, S. hartwegi, S. lunaei, S. malachiticus, S. scitulus, S. smaragdinus, S. subpictus and S. taeniocnemis is unequivocally supported by (1) wide or narrow scapular band, (2) moderate to small size, and (3) moderate to small dorsal scales (Table 2). Other species that can be mistaken with S. druckercolini, in the cases of strongly melanistic specimens or young individuals are the lizards of the genus Sceloporus of the torquatus group (, S . omiltemanus and S. torquatus) recently recognized as species (Martfnez-Mendez & Mendez 2007). Both species present a wide black collar with clear borders in the anterior and posterior parts. See- Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 83 Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 loporus omiltemanus is syn topic with S. druckercolini , while S. torquatus here recorded for the first time for the State of Guerrero is found in the north of the state, in the Serramas de Taxco, extending its range for about 75 km southwest of the nearest published record (Olson 1990). Although S. tor¬ quatus is similar in some characteristics of scutellation and in general coloration to S. omiltemanus , both species have disjunct distributions, for it is not likely to be mistaken with the species of lizards of the salvini, formosus and torquatus groups which inhabit the Sierra Madre del Sur. Other congeners with similar morphology and coloration, besides being of epiphytic or saxicolous habits are S. acanthinus alpha-form, S. hartwegi, S. smaragdinus, S. malachiticus, and S. taeniocnemis (see Table 3 for complementary species). These five species are from Central America and are allocated to the malachiticus complex previously proposed by Stuart (1971). These species possess wide scapular bands that sometimes tend to join dorsomedially, instead of the generally complete, wide nuchal collar, which is characteristic of the salvini group. In Table 2, other morphometric, meristic and coloration characters are compared among all these species, illustrating the characters that are likely to support the differentiation of the con¬ geners and maybe conform the groups proposed in Table 4. As in the case of the members of the salvini group which are characterized by the presence of a complete straight wide black nuchal collar, strongly contrasting with the general coloration of the body that varies from greenish yellow to bright bluish green. Besides being large in size, surpass on average the 90 mm of standard length vs. small to moderate in size <85 mm in the members of formosus group. The lizards deposited in the collection of the Zoological Museum in Berlin with the num¬ bers ZMB 34299 and 34300 (associated with Sceloporus acanthinus of Ahl 1934) or doubtfully to S. formosus scitulus or S. stejnegeri according to (Smith et al. 2001), actually belong to the species Sceloporus scitulus Figure 4e. The environment of type locality, the Filo de Caballo region (Figure 3), also known as Filo de Caballos or Filo de los Caballos (see Adler 1996, among others) is a mountainous area mainly In the hillsides and summits, of dense temperate and semiwarm forests covered with conifers, oaks, pines-oaks, and pines, and of cloud forest patches; however important areas have been deforested, and yet others face a serious erosion process and diverse areas are being used for growing fruit trees and as cornfields. Key to the lizard species of the genus Sceloporus of the formosus, salvini , and torquatus groups of the mountains of Guerrero. 1 A well-defined black nuchal collar.............................................. . . 2 FA black scapular band, each side................................................................................ 5 2 Black collar with light borders.................................................................................... 3 T Black collar without light borders...... ................................................... ......................4 3 Complete wide black collar of three to four scales in the vertebral middle part; with light borders, anterior border transversally straight and short, each border of the collar of one or two scales of width; 28-33 dorsal scales, on average 30.5, femoral pores 28 in total, 13 in each side on average; species of hillsides and summits between 1400 to 2591 m elevation in the Sierra Madre del Sur; saxicolous and epiphytic habits.. .......................... .....Sceloporus omiltemanus (Figure 4a) 3 5 Complete wide black collar with a width of three to four scales in the vertebral middle part; both light borders interrupted in the vertebral part, anterior border curved anterodorsally, page 84 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 prolonged toward the temporal region; 29-33 dorsal scales, on average 30.8; femoral pores 38 in total, 16 on average; species of hillsides and summits between 1715 and 2560 m elevation of the Sierras de Taxco, Teloloapan, Zacualpan and de la Goleta; saxicolous habits Sceloporus torquatus (Figure 4b) 4 Dorsal scales 37 to 42; scales around the body 45 to 50; femoral pores 16 to 21 ; scales between femoral pores series 12 to 16; in male specimens, blue semeions, generally without dark central borders; species of foothills between 189 to 270 m elevation in the Sierra Madre del Sur; saxicolous habits . . . . . Sceloporus stejnegeri (Figure 4c) 4’ Dorsal scales 32 to 38; scales around of body 35 to 45; femorals pores 12 to 17; scales between femoral pores series 7 to 12; in male specimens, blue semeions, dark central borders; spe¬ cies of hillside and summits from 887 to 2600 m elevation in the Sierra Madre del Sur; epiphytic habits Sceloporus druckercolini (Figure 4d) 5 Dorsal scales 29 to 34; scales between femoral pores series 4 to 10; posterior surface of the thigh with large scales and a not very defined light stripe; species of hillsides and summits from 850 to 2743 m elevation in the Sierra Madre del Sur; epiphytic and saxicolous habits .......... Sceloporus scitulus (Figure 4e) 5’ Dorsal scales 35 to 45, scales between femoral pores series 9 to 16; posterior surface of the thigh with small scales and a light stripe present; a species of the summits, elevation over 2183 m in the Sierra Madre del Sur; epiphytic and saxicolous habitsSceloporus adleri (Figure 4f) Acknowledgments Special thanks to Hobart M. Smith for the proposal, the revisions and suggestions to the versions of the manuscript and difficult-to-obtain literature; to Kraig Adler for academic support and color slides, and checking the manuscript in it’s English version; to Rainer Gunther for cura¬ torial support and the pictures; to Eric N. Smith for the pictures and many drafts revisions to the manuscript that allowed improvement; to Oscar Flores Villela and Adrian Nieto Montes de Oca for their academic and curatorial support; to Victor H. Reynoso Rosales for curatorial support; to both Jack W. Sites Jr., and John J. Wiens for their help with the literature; to Peter Heimes for his suggestions of the manuscript and for the loan of specimens; and special thanks to Rocio Gonzalez de Arce Arzave for an English revision of the manuscript; to the external reviewers for the contri¬ butions and suggestions of the manuscript; to Elizabeth Beltran Sanchez for pictures and the loan of specimens; to Jose Antonio Hernandez Gomez for his help with the digitalization of images; to James D. Hanken for his help with the literature; to Jose A. Bernal Moreno for his support with drawings; to Heather Stein, Rosanne Humphrey, Jonathan A. Campbell and Carl J. Franklin, for collection holdings, respectively; finally, to Zeferino Uribe Pena and Lucia Alcocer de Figueroa for their kinds and for financing the project. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 85 Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 18° 17° FIGURE 1. Geographical distribution of the foothill lizard Sceloporus stejnegeri (south-pointing triangle = Tierra Colorada, type locality) and of the mountain lizard S. drucker- colini (rhombus = Filo de Caballo, type locality) in the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS); Serramas de Taxco (ST). Stippled intensity indicates an increment in elevation of 200, 800 and 1000 m, from the sea level to over than 3000 m, respectively; north-pointing triangles can embrace one or more nearby localities of the type series and examined specimens of S. druckercolini. # Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. page 86 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 FIGURE 2. Views lateral, dorsal and ventral of the head of Sceloporus druckercolini (Holotype IBH 6362-6). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 87 FIGURE 3. Landscape region from Filo de Caballo, Guerrero at 2100 m of elevation. Type locality of Sceloporus druckercolini. Photo 13 August 2000. Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 FIGURE 4. Lizards of genus Sceloporus of the torquatus group (A. S. omiltemanus, and B. S. torquatus ); salvini group (C. S. stejnegeri, and D. S. druckercolini), and formosus group (E. S. scitulus, and F. S. adleri) often found in the Sierra Madre del Sur; except S. torquatus that ranges in the Serranias de Taxco in Guerrero, Mexico. (Photos C, E, and F courtesy of Peter Heimes, Rainer Gunther, and Kraig Adler, respectively). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 88 Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 TABLE 1. Ecological features of members of the salvini and formosus groups of the genus Scelo - porus found in Guerrero, Mexico. BCON= Coniferous forest, BP= Pine forest, BJ= Cedar forest, BPE= Pine-oak forest, BMM= Cloud forest, BE- Oak forest, BTSC= Tropical subdeciduous forest, BTC Tropical deciduous forest. SMS-- Sierra Madre del Sur; T= annual mean temperature, in centigrade; PP= annual mean precipitation, in millimeters. Species Elevation (m) Habitat Habits Environmental conditios S. adleri 2183-3410BCON, Summits Epiphytes, Cool to mild temperate, cold, BP, BJ, BPE, SMS saxicolous T<18°C, PP>2000 mm S. 887-2600 BMM BCON, Epiphytes druckercolini BPE, Cool and mild warm temperate, BMM, Summits and fresh or warm, T = or >26°C, S. scitulus 850-2743 BTSC BCON, slopes SMS Summits and Epiphytes, PP1500>2000 mm Cool and mild warm temperate, BE, BP, slopes SMS saxicolous fresh or cold, T<18°C, PP>2000 BPE, mm S. stejnegeri 1 89-270 BMM BTC Central Saxicolous Warm tropical, hot, T>26°C, PP ± (see text) coast, foothills 1200 mm Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 89 Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 Mid-body Supraoculars Species Nuchal pattern males Dorsals dorsals Supraoculars series S. acanthinus collar* 24/34—40* 36-47 5 1 S. adleri short scapular band 35-45 37-47 5 2 S. cryptus extended scapular band 32-37 37 7 2 . S', druckercolini short anc/^ctended 32-38 35-45 4—5 1 S. formosus scapular band 31-37 ? 6 2 S. hartwegi short scapular band extended scapular 43-51 49 5-6 2 S. internasalis band* 33-40 34-36 5 1-2 S. lunaei short scapular band 25/30-38 32-38 4-6 1 S. malachiticus short scapular band 30-39 30-45 5 2 S. salvini collar 37-44 35-46 3-7 2 S. scitulus short scapular band 30-34 34-43 4-5 1-2 S. smaragdinus extended scapular band 50-58 48 5 1 S. stejnegeri collar 37^42 45-50 4-5 1-2 S. subpictus short scapular band 35-37 35^42 5-6 >2 S. taeniocnemis short scapular band 36^45 ? ? 2 Scanned collar* 31-38 35-39 . 5 1+divided . Scales between Contact supraoculars and Species Canthals Femoral pores femoral pores series mid-head scales S. acanthinus 2 12-15 8-12 yes S. adleri 2 12-16 11-16 variable • S', cryptus 2 14-19 2-5 variable S. druckercolini 2 12-17 7-12 variable S. formosus 2 12-20 5-10 no S. hartwegi >2 24-31** 9-12 no S. internasalis 1-2 12 8-9 variable S. lunaei 1 12-17 ? yes S. malachiticus 1-2 11-17 8-10 yes S. salvini 2 11-14 9-13 variable S. scitulus 2 13-20 4-10 no S. smaragdinus 1 15-17 11-12 variable S. stejnegeri 1-2 16-21 12-16 no S. subpictus 2 16-19 2-3 no S. taeniocnemis 2 20-26** ? ? S. tanneri — , .. 15-17 8-1 (L. ves TABLE 2. Selected morphological characters of the members of formosus group (sensu lato). Notes: * see text; ** total of femoral pores; / = Data without consensus; ? = Data unknowned. page 90 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 Species Type Locality Elevation (m) Habitat S. acanthinus San Agustin, Western slope Volcan Atitlan, Guatemala 150-15051 ? S. adleri Asoleadero, Guerrero, Mexico2 2183-3410 BCON, BP, BJ, BPE, BMM S. cryptus Llano de Las Flores (12 mi. N Ixtlan BCON, BPE, de Juarez), Oaxaca, Mexico 2125-2947 BMM S. druckercolini Filo de Caballo, Guerrero, Mexico 887-2600 BCON, BPE, BMM, BTSC- BCON (ecotone) S. formosus Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico 1400-2700 BCON, BE, BPE, BMM S. hartwegfi 8.2 mi SE San Cristobal de Las BP, BEP, BE, Casas, Chiapas, Mexico 2000-2500 BMM, BPE S. inter nasalis La Gloria, Oaxaca, Mexico 300-1000 BTP S. lunaei Plateau of Guatemala, Guatemala 900-22004 BPE, BE S. malachiticus Near of Arriba, Costa Rica 1100-3000 ? S. salvini Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico^ 61-2500 BTC, BPE, BCON, BMM S. scitulus Omiltemi, Guerrero, Mexico^ 850-2743 BCON, BE, BP, BPE, BMM S. smaragdinus Solola, Totonicapan & Quezaltenango, Guatemala 1500-4200 BP; BEP S. stejnegeri Tierra Colorada, Guerrero, Mexico 189-270 BTC S. subp ictus San Andres Chicahuaxtla, Oaxaca, Mexico 2645-2995 BCON, BPE S. taeniocnemis Restricted to Coban, Altaverapaz, BE, BP, BPE, Guatemala7 1300-2230 BMM S. tanneri Santa Rosa Lachao, Juquila, Oaxaca, Mexico 935-1524 BE Species Microhabitat Reference S. acanthinus Trees Bocourt, 1873 S. adleri rocks & trees This study S. cryptus rocks & trees Smith & Lynch i, 1967 S. druckercolini fallen trunks & trees This study S. formosus Trees Smith & Perez-Higareda, 1 992 S. hartwegfi rocks & trunk Stuart, 1971; this study S. internasalis Trees Smith & Bumzahem, 1 955 S. lunaei Rocks Bocourt, 1873 in: Peters et al., 1986 S. malachiticus rocks & trunk Cope, 1 864 in: Peters et al., 1986 S. salvini Trees Smith & Perez-Higareda, 1 992 S. scitulus rocks & trees This study S. smaragdinus rocks & trees Bocourt, 1873 in: Peters et al., 1986 S. stejnegeri Rocks Smith, 1 942; this study S. subpictus soil, seldom rocks & fallen trunks Lynch & Smith, 1965 S. taeniocnemis Rocks Cope, 1885 in: Peters et al., 1986 S. tanneri Trees Smith & Larsen, 1975 TABLE 3. Ecological synopsis of the members of formosus group ( sensu lato). Notes: BCON= Coniferae forest, BP- Pines forest; BJ= Cedar forest, BPE= Pines and Oaks forest, BMM= Cloud forest, BE= Oaks forest, BEP= Oaks and Pines forest, BTSC= Tropical subdeciduous forest, BTC= Tropical deciduous forest, BTP= Tropical Perennial forest, i Fide Kohler, 2003 (400-1500 m), Smith & Taylor, 1950 (Type Locality 610 m); 2Smith & Savitzky, 1974; 3 Fide E. N. Smith (pers. comm.); 4Stuart, 1954; ^Gunther, 1890 (Type Locality ca. 1400 m); 6Smith, 1942; 7Smith & Taylor, 1950. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 91 Volume 44 Number 3 Formosus group (sensu lato) Formosus group (this study) Incompleted nuchal collar, restricted to dark patch scapular (scapular band) posterior light border present S. adleri Smith & Savitzky, 1974 (M) S. cryptus Smith & Lynch, 1967 (M) S. formosus Wiegmann, 18341 (M) posterior light border ausent S. acanthinus Bocourt, 18731 (M & CA) (in part) S. hartwegi Stuart, 1971 (M & CA) S. intemasalis Smith & Bumzahem, 19551 (M & CA) (in part) S. scitulus Smith, 1942i(M) S. subpictus Lynch & Smith, 1965 (M) S. lunaei Bocourt, 18731 (CA) (in part) S. malachiticus Cope, 18641 (CA) S. smaragdinus Bocourt, 1873 (M & CA) S. taeniocnemis Cope, 18851 (CA) September 2008 (Wiens & Reeder 1997; Bell et al. 2003) S aivini group (this study) Complete wide, extend dark nuchal collar, without light borders S. acanthinus Bocourt, 18731 (M & CA) (in part) S. druckercolini (this study) (M) S. saivini Gunther, 1890 (M) S. stejnegeri Smith, 1942 (M) S. tanneri Smith & Larsen, 19751 (M) (in part) TABLE 4. Composition of the formosus group ( sensu lato). Note: i Species complex, inconsistent taxonomic status. Mexico = M & Central America = CA. Appendix 1 Specimens examined Acronyms are as follows: IBH-Coieccion Nacional de Anfibios y Reptiles of the Instituto de Biologfa of the Universi- dad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) (Mexico, D. F.). LACM-Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History (California). MZFC-Museo de Zoologia of the Facultad de Ciencias of the UNAM (Mexico, D. F.). UCM-University of Colorado at Boulder (Colo¬ rado). UTA-University of Texas at Arlington (Texas). Sceloporus acanthinus Mexico: Chiapas. ANGEL ALBINO CORZO, RESERVA “EL TRIUNFO”: MZFC 2421-2426; UNION JUAREZ, REGION DEL VOLCAN TACANA, TALQUiAN, CHIQUIHUITES, CORDOBA, UNION JUAREZ 1300-1750 m: MZFC 6429-6431 ; LA CONCORDIA, RESERVA “EL TRIUNFO”, POLIGONO V, FINCA SANTA CRUZ, 60 KM SSW INDEPENDENCIA 1300 m: MZFC 7995-7996. Sceloporus adleri Mexico: Guerrero. REGION SE CERRO TEOTEPEC, 5 KM E PUERTO DEL GALLO, ELASOLEADERO, 1-2 KM N TORO MUERTO, 1-2.5 KM SE ASOLEADERO, 2-2.5 WASOLEADERO, 1 KM NW PUERTO DEL GALLO, REGION NE CERRO TEOTEPEC, 2 KM NWTORO MUERTO, 0.5-2 KM WTORO MUERTO, 2 KM SW ASOLEADERO, TORO MUERTO: IBH 6553-6564. 1 KM N PUERTO DEL GALLO: ENCB 8363. 1 KM NETORO MUERTO: MZFC 1915-1916. OMILTEMI: MZFC 2610, 2633-2647, 2846-2850. LA OLA 2183 m: MZFC- JCBH 45. ELBALCON (ELFILO) 2259 m: MZFC- JCBH 104-106, 110-114. Sceloporus asper Mexico: Colima. MINATITLAN, CERRO GRANDE, ELTERRERO 2225 m: MZFC-RBSM R-25 1 . Jalisco. AUTLAN, SAN CAMPUS: MZFC 6023. AUTLAN, LAS JOYAS: MZFC 15494. AUTLAN, CERRO ALTO, LAS YEGUAS (RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SIERRA DE MANANTLAN) 2160 m: MZFC- RBSM R-26. CAMINO A SAN CAMPUS (ESTACION CIENTIFICA LAS JOYAS) 1950 m: MZFC OFV 250. Michoacan. ELCRUCERO (COALCOMAN-DOS AGUAS-BAROLOSO) 2100 m: MZFC 1 1740. 2 KM N PUERTO DE LAZARZAMORA 1850 m: MZFC 12113. Sceloporus cryptus Mexico: Oaxaca. SANTIAGO COMALTEPEC, DESVIACION A SAN ISIDRO, CA. YOLOX 2025 m: MZFC 4473. SANTIAGO COMALTEPEC, KM 1 1 1 CARRETERA TUXTEPEC-OAXACA: MZFC 4475. 10 KM E YOLOX: MZFC 4478. LLANO DE LAS FLORES, 16.5 MI N GUELATAO: MZFC 7438. LAGUNA DE GUADALUPE, CARRETERA 125 -ENTRE PINOTEPA Y TLAXIACO- 2800 m: MZFC 7447. 0.8 MI CARRETERA TO MORELOS 2947 m: MZFC 7448. CERRO PIEDRA LARGA 2520-2545 m: MZFC 8705, 8706, 8708, 8709. CERRO PIEDRA LARGA (RUMBO AL ISTMO DE TEHUANTEPEC) 2540 m: MZFC 8712. ZOQUIAPAN BOCA DE LOS RlOS-SIERRA MONTE FLOR- 1885-2050 m: MZFC 9077. PENA VERDE (NE CUICATLAN) 1815 page 92 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 m: MZFC 9084. REGION DE PUERTO DE LA SOLEDAD 2045-2135 m: MZFC 13238-13240, 13243-13245, 13247-13249, 13252. CERRO YUCUNINO, LLANO DE GUADALUPE 2645-2745 m: MZFC 13506, 13508. KM 15 CARRETERA TLAXIACO-SAN ESTEBAN ATATLAHUCA 2810 m: MZFC 15475. CARRETERA TLAXIACO-SAN ESTEBAN ATATLAHUCA, APROXIMADA- MENTE KM 15, ENTRONQUE A MORELOS 2810 m: MZFC 15476. SIERRA DE MIAHUATLAN 2565-2943 m: MZFC 19524, 19525. CARRETERA LA VENTA-CERRO NEVERIA 2870-2995 m: MZFC 19527-19528. LA FABRICA 2835 m: MZFC 19530. CERRO SAN FELIPE 2900 m: MZFC 19532. Sceloporus druckercolini Mexico: Guerrero. YERBASANTA 1846 m: IBH 6475. REGION DE NUEVA DELHI 1452-1494 m: UTA-R JAC 22201- 22204. SAN VICENTE DE BENITEZ 1010 m UTA-R JAC 25094-25096. CARRETERA VALLECITOS-EL DURAZNO 1683-1908 m: UTA-R JAC 25171-25172, 25176, 25194. EL PARAISO 890 m -SPECIMEN PHOTOGRAPHED IN CAPTIVITY- AND 5 KM SE CARRIZAL DE BRAVO 2300 m -SPECIMEN IN CAPTIVITY-.SAN VICENTE DE BENITEZ 887-890 m -SPECIMEN PHOTO¬ GRAPHED IN CAPTIVITY-.EL MOLOTE AND 1 .4 KM E EL MOLOTE 1787-2014 m: MZFC- JCBH 2, 9, 71, 73, 92. BAJOS DE BALZAMAR: MZFC- JCBH 37. LA OLA, 1894-2183 m: MZFC- JCBH 47, 52,49. CARRETERA ESCALERILLA-LA LAGUNA 1875 m: UTA-R ENS 11725-11729. ELBALCON 2571 m: UTA-R ENS 11736-11737. BAJOS DELBALSAMAR 1004-1010 m: UTA-R ENS 1 1 826- 1 1 829, 1 1 838- 1 1 84 1 . LA OLA 1 867-19 1 0 m: UTA-R ENS 11863-11 866, 1 1 867- 11872. CARRETERA LA OLA-S AN ANTONIO TEXAS 2229 m: UTA-R ENS 11886-11887, 11889. CARRETERA LA OLA-EL AGU AGATE 1920 m: UTA-R ENS 11897. Sceloporus formosus Mexico: Oaxaca. PUERTO DE LA SOLEDAD (CARRETERA A CERRO VERDE) 1 875 m: MZFC 4719. 9 KM E YOLOX: MZFC 4476. EL TEJOCOTE 2600 m: MZFC 7490. ZOQUIAPAN BOCA DE LOS RIOS, PARTES ALTAS SIERRA MONTE FLOR 2050 m: MZFC 9080. SAN MIGUEL SUCHIXTEPEC 2405 m: MZFC 10542. 28 KM E COXCATLAN 2600 m: MZFC 12503-12504. MIRAMAR, SW REYES LLANOGRANDE 1425 m: MZFC 13502. SANTA MARIA ASUNCION TLAXIACO, CERRO YUCUNINO, LLANO DE GUADALUPE 2297-2850 m: MZFC 13507, 13510-13512, 13514-13516. PUTLA VILLA DE GUERRERO, REGION DE REYES LLANO GRANDE Y CERRO YUCUCUMITE 1770-2405 m: MZFC 13517-13521. CHALCATONGO DE HIDALGO, REGION DE MORELOS 2630-2880 m: MZFC 13522-13525. Veracruz: 1 KM SE PUERTO DEL AIRE 2200 m: MZFC 7252-7253. Sceloporus hartwegi Mexico: Chiapas. SAN CRISTOBAL DE LAS CASAS 2230 m: MZFC 197, 913, 913-2, 913-3. 4 KM SW SAN CRIS¬ TOBAL DE LAS CASAS: MZFC 943, 943-2, 943-3. 3 KM E SAN CRISTOBAL DE LAS CASAS: MZFC 3098. 5 MI S SAN CRISTOBAL DE LAS CASAS: MZFC 4189, 4190. 5 MI SW SAN CRISTOBAL DE LAS CASAS: MZFC 4213, 4214. CERRO HUITEPEC: MZFC 4261. CERRO TZONTEHUITZ: MZFC 4270. 0.8 KM N PINABETO, MIRADOR “EL CAMIONERO”: MZFC 5437, 5437-2, 5438, 5438-2. PUEBLO NUEVO SOLISTAHUACAN 1700 m: MZFC 5569, 5569-2, 5569-3, 5570, 5570-2 to 5570-6, 5571, 5571-2, 5571-4 to 5571-12. 0.5 KM W PINABETO, CARRETERA MEX. 95, CERCA PUEBLO NUEVO SOLISTAHUACAN: MZFC 6426, 6426-2, 6427, 6427-2, 6428, 6428-2. 12 KM SE SAN CRISTOBAL DE LAS CASAS, RANCHO NUEVO: MZFC 7155-7157. CAMINO AL CERRO TZONTEHUITZ, 10 KM NE CHAMULA: MZFC 7158-7160. REGION DE COAPILLA 2200 m: MZFC- IDF 225, 226, 232, 233 and MZFC- UOGV 974, 975, 982, 983. Sceloporus internasalis Mexico: Chiapas. 17.5 KM N OCOZOCUAUTLA, PARQUE EDUCATIVO “LAGUNA BELGICA” 950 m: IHNHERP- VLB-RLR-134. PUEBLO NUEVO SOLISTAHUACAN 1700 m: MZFC 5570-3, 5570-4. Oaxaca: JALAHUI 290-547 m: MZFC 5629, 5630. REGION DE CHALCHIJAPA 305-792 m: MZFC- MMM 1495, 1496, 1515, 1516, MZFC- ART 90, MZFC- LCM 80, 304, 442, 445, MZFC- EPR 101, 127, 269, 331, 438. Veracruz. SANTA MARTHA, EL BASTONAL 1200 m: MZFC 4678. LA VICTORIA 320 m: MZFC 16512. Sceloporus omilternanus Mexico: Guerrero. EL PUERTO, CARRETERA CHICHIHUALCO-FILO DE CABALLO. MZFC 644. OMILTEMI 1900-2360 m: MZFC 2500, 2562-2609, 2611-2632, 2659, 2773, 2838-2844, 10203. TEPOZTEPEC 1400 m: MZFC 4087. CHALMA 2480-2500 m: MZFC 12536-12537. LA COMPUERTA DE TLACOAPA 2395-2570 m: IBH- LSR-EPR 41, 56, 57, 59, 60, 62. FILO DE CABALLO 2090-2180 m: IBH- LSR-EPR 278, 282, 286, 288, 290, 302. TORO MUERTO 2520 m: IBH- LSR-EPR 547. CRUZ DE OCOTE 1835-1865 m: IBH- LSR-EPR 577-579, 581-583. OMILTEMI 2040 m: ENCB 432-435, 486, 6061-6063. Sceloporus salvini Mexico: Oaxaca. SANTIAGO COMALTEPEC, PUERTO ELIGIO: MZFC 4477. SANTIAGO COMALTEPEC, KM 71 CARRETERA TUXTEPEC-0 AX AC A 1450 m: MZFC 4493. JALAHUI 290-547 m: MZFC 5631 , 5631-2. 2 KM N PUENTE DE FIERRO 1 255 m: MZFC 13231. PUENTE DE FIERRO 1 290 m: MZFC 13232. PUENTE DE FIERRO, CARRETERA TEOTITLAN-HU AUTLA 1 108 m: MZFC-D 724. SAN MARTIN CABALLERO 1490-1510 m: MZFC 13503-13505. Veracruz: 8 AIR KM NNWJALAPA, 2 AIR KM SW BANDERILLAS, RANCHO EL ALAMO 1500 m: MZFC 5132. XICO-XICO VIEJO ROAD 1711 m: UTA-R JAC 24968. Sceloporus scitulus Mexico: Guerrero. OMILTEMI: IBH 327 (TOPOTYPE), IBH 419-422, 953. 2.5 KM NW LA COMPUERTA DE TLA¬ COAPA, 2-4 KM NE LA COMPUERTA DE TLACOAPA, 1-7 KM SE LA COMPUERTA DE TLACOAPA, LA COMPUERTA DE TLACOAPA, 1 KM N FILO DE CABALLO, 1.5 KM E YERBASANTA, 1 KM NW CRUZ DE OCOTE, 2 KM W ASOLEADERO, XOMILCOTITLAN, CRUCERO DEL CARRIZAL DE BRAVO, AND ACATATLAXCO 7 KM W AMOJILECA: IBH 6482, 6485, 6485-2 to 6485-8, 6486, 6486-2 to 6486-4, 6487, 6487-2, 6488, 6489, 6489-2 to 6489-5, 6490, 8220, 10294, 10295. OMILTEMI: ENCB 436, 437, 6041-6060, 7635-7640. 1 KM E OMILTEMI: ENCB 485. CHILAPA: ENCB 3821. LAS PALANCAS: ENCB 7840. CAR¬ RETERA CHICHIHUALCO-FILO DE CABALLO. MZFC 576, 577. REGION DEL CRUCERO DEL CARRIZAL: MZFC 595-597, 678, 681-684. EL PUERTO: MZFC 636, 655. TEPOZTEPEC 1400 m: MZFC 2371, 2371-2, 2373, 2373-2 to 2373-14. ACAHUIZOTLA: MZFC 2375. OMILTEMI: MZFC 2444-2499, 2501-2561, 2648-2658, 3064-3065, 10187-10196. CHALMA: MZFC 12507-12510, 12512. 0.5 KM E DURAZNO: MZFC 12511. Sceloporus smaragdinus Mexico: Chiapas. PAPALES, REGION VOLCAn TACANA 2900 m: MZFC 5476. REGIONES SE Y N CHIQUIHUITES AND CAMINO A UNION JUAREZ 1890-2120 m: MZFC 6432-6435. 1. 1-1.3 KM NNE CHIQUIHUITES, REGION VOLCAN TA- Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 93 Volume 44 Number 3 September2008 CANA 2468 m: MZFC 16554-16556, 16571. Sceloporus stejnegeri Mexico: Guerrero. SIERRA MADRE DEL SUR, TIERRA COLORADA-AYUTLA ROAD 250-270 m: UTA-R 51615- 51621. 1.2 MI SE TIERRA COLOR AD A, ROAD TO AYUTLA 254 m: MZFC 7452. TIERRA COLORADA-AYUTLA ROAD 189 m: UTA-R ENS 11417-11419. Sceloporus subpictus Mexico: Oaxaca. 0.8 MI ON RD TO MORELOS 2947 m: MZFC 7449, 8028. MORELOS 2880 m: MZFC 8548. CARRET- ERA TLAXI ACO-S AN ESTEBAN ATATLAHUCA, KM 15, ENTRONQUE A MORELOS 2810 m: MZFC 8552, 15477-15482. SIERRA DE MIAHUATLAN 2943 m: MZFC 19518. CARRETERA LA VENTA-CERRO NEVERIA 2870-2995 m: MZFC 19519-19521. Sceloporus taeniocnemis Guatemala. SACATEPEQUEZ: ANTIGUA GUATEMALA, EL PANORAMA CA. 1505 M, AND SAN LUCAS, CERRO ALUX: UTA-R 41789-41794. ANTIGUA, PARQUE DE LA CRUZ: UTA-R 46257. Sceloporus tanneri Mexico: Oaxaca. SIERRA MADRE DEL SUR, MIAHUATLAN-PUERTO ANGEL ROAD 1075 m: UTA-R 51634. SIERRA MADRE DEL SUR, ROAD BETWEEN SANTA ROSA LACHAO AND SAN GABRIEL MIXTEPEC, FINCA SANTA FE 945 m: UTA-R 51635. SIERRA MADRE DEL SUR, ROAD BETWEEN SANTA ROSA LACHAO AND SAN GABRIEL MIXTEPEC 935 m: UTA-R 51636. SIERRA MADRE DEL SUR, MIAHUATLAN-PUERTO ANGEL ROAD, KM 193 1075 m: UTA-R 51637. Sceloporus torquatus Mexico: Guerrero. 3 KM WAND 4.5 KM N IXCATEOPAN 1715-1775 m: IBH- LSR-EPR 272, 274, 750. MUNICIPIOS DE IXCATEOPAN DE CUAUHTEMOC, PEDRO ASCENCIO DE ALQUICIRAS AND TETIPAC 1800-2560 m: MZFC 3930-3981, 3933-39, 3947-48, 3957-63, 3975-77, 3979, 3981, 3951, 3964, 3967, 3969-71, 3973-74, 3980, 3965-66, 3968, 3978, 3972. EL VERGEL 1840 m: MZFC- EPR 1419. IXCATEOPAN 1810 m: MZFC- EPR 1421. 25 KM NE TAXCO: ENCB 7604, 7636. Literature Cited Adler, K. 1996. The salamanders of Guerrero, Mexico, with descriptions of five new species of Pseudoeurycea (Caudata: Plethodontidae). Occasional Papers, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, (177), 1-28, 5 figs. Ahl, E. 1934. Uber eine Sammlung von Reptilien und Amphibien aus Mexiko. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 106 (7/8), 184-186, fig. 1. Bell, E. L., Smith, H. M., & Chiszar, D. 2003. An Annotated list of the species-group names applied to the lizard genus Sceloporus. Acta Zoologica Mexicana (n. s.), 90, 103-174. Bocourt, M-F. 1873. Caracteres d’une Espece Nouvelle d’lguaniens le Sceloporus acathhinus (sic). Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris, 5 Series Zoologie, Tome 17, Article No. 6, 12 pages. Bocourt, M-F. 1 874. Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans V Amerique Centrale- Recherches Zoologiques. Etudes sur les reptiles. Imprimerie Imperiale, Paris, Part 3, Sect. 1, livr 3, 180-181, pis. 16, 17, 17 bis, 18, 18 bis. Cracraft, J. 1983. Species concepts and ontology of evolution. Biology and Philosophy, 2, 329-346. Cope, E. D. 1864. Contributions to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, (16), 166-181. page 94 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society September 2008 Volume 44 Number 3 Cope, E. D. 1 885. A contribution to the herpetology of Mexico. VI. A synopsis of the Mexican species of the genus Sceloporus Wieg. Proceedings of the American Philo¬ sophical Society, (22), 379-404. De Queiroz, K. 1998. The general lineage concept of species criteria, and the process of speciation: A conceptual unification and terminological recommendations. In: Howard, D. I. & S. H. Berlocher (eds.). Endless forms: species and speciation. Oxford University Press, USA, pp: 57-75. Flores- Villela, O., & Sanchez-H. O. 2003. A new species of Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero, Mexico, with comments on Abronia deppii. Herpetologica, 59 (4), 524-531, 4 figs. Frost, D. R., & Hillis, D. M. 1 990. Species in concept and practice: Herpetological applications. Herpetologica, 46, 87-104. Goyenechea, L, and O. Flores- Villela. 2006. Taxonomic summary of Conopsis, Gunther, 1858 (Serpentes: Colubridae). Zootaxa 1271: 1-27, 7 figs. Guillette, L. J. Jr., Jones, R. E., Fitzgerald, K. T., & Smith, H. M. 1980. Evolution of viviparity in the lizard genus Sceloporus. Herpetologica, 36 (3), 201-215, 7 tabs. Gunther, A. C. L. G. 1 890, 1 885-1902. Reptilia and Batrachia. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. London. 326 pp.+ ill. Hanken, J., Wake, D. B., & Freeman, H. L. 1999. Three new species of minute salamanders ( Thorius : Plethodontidae) from Guerrero, Mexico, including the report of a novel dental polymorphism in Urodeles. Copeia, (1999) (4), 917-931, 6 figs., 1 tab. Kohler, G., & Heimes, P. 2002. Stachelleguane. Lebensweise, Pflege, Zucht. Herpeton, Deutschland, 174 pp. Kohler, G. 2003. Reptiles of Central America. Herpeton Verlag, Germany, 368 pp. Larsen, K. R., & Tanner, W. W. 1974. Numeric analysis of the lizard genus Sceloporus with special reference to the cranial osteology. Great Basin Naturalist, 34(1), 1-41. Larsen, K. R., & Tanner, W. W. 1975. Evolution of the sceloporine lizards (Iguanidae). Great Basin Naturalist, 35(1), 1-20. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 95 Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 Lynch, J. D., & Smith, H. M. 1965. New or unusual amphibians and reptiles from Oaxaca, Mexico. I. Herpeto- logica, 21 (3), 168-177, 4 figs. Martfnez-Mendez, N., & Mendez-de la Cruz, F. R. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of the Sceloporus torquatus species-group (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae). Zootaxa 1609: 53-68. Mendez-de la Cruz, F. R., Villagran-Santa Cruz, M., & Andrews, R. M. 1998. Evolution of viviparity in the lizard genus Sceloporus. Herpetologica, 54(4), 521-532. Olson, R. E. 1990. Sceloporus torquatus : Its Variation and Zoogeography. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society, 25(7), 117-127. Peters, J. A., Donoso-Barros, R., & Vanzolini, P. E. 1 986. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata. Part II. Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D. C, 293 pp. Rewcastle, S. C. 1983. Fundamental adaptations in the lacertilian hind limb: A partial analysis of the sprawling limb posture and gait. Copeia, 1983 (2), 476-487. Saldana de la Riva, L., & Perez-Ramos, E. 1 987. Herpetofauna del Estado de Guerrero, Mexico. Tesis de Licenciatura. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Mexico. 389 pp. Sites, J. W., Jr., Archie, J. W., Cole, C. J., & Flores-Villela, O. 1992. A review of phylogenetic hypotheses for the lizard genus Sceloporus (Phry- nosomatidae): implications for ecological and evolutionary studies. Bulletin of the American Museum Natural History, 213, 1-110. Smith, H. M. 1939. The Mexican and Central American lizards of the genus Sceloporus. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series, 26, 1-397. Smith, H. M. 1942. Mexican herpetological miscellany. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 92 (3153), 349-395. Smith, H M. 1972. A new satellite of the Anolis gadovii species swarm (Reptilia: Sauria) in Mexico. Journal of Herpetology, 6, 179-181. Smith, H. M., & Bumzahem, C. B. 1955. The identity of the Trans-Isthmic Mexican populations of the malachite tree lizards {Sceloporus malachiticus Cope). Herpetologica, 11 (2), 118-120, 1 fig. Smith, H. M., & Larsen, K. R. 1975. A new species of the formosus group of the lizard genus Sceloporus. Copeia, 1975 (1), 47-50. page 96 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 Smith, H. M., & Lynch, J. D. 1967. A new cryptic lizard (Iguanidae: Sceloporus) with comments on other reptiles from Oaxaca, Mexico. Herpetologica, 23 (1), 18-29, 3 figs., 1 tab. Smith, H. M., & Perez-Higareda, G. 1992. Nomenclatural fixation of Sceloporus formosus (Reptilia: Sauria) and the status of S. salvini. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society, 28 (2), 31-43, 6 figs. Smith, H. M., & Savitzky, A. H. 1974. Another cryptic associate of the lizard Sceloporus formosus in Guerrero, Mexico. Journal of Herpetology, 8 (4), 297-303. Smith, H. M., & Taylor, E. H. 1950. An annotated checklist and key to the reptiles of Mexico, exclusive of the snakes. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, (199), 253 pp. Smith, H. M., Chiszar, D., & Humphrey, R. 200 1 . The distribution of Sceloporus acanthinus (Reptilia: Sauria) and its relation¬ ships. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society, 37(1), 3-9, 1 fig. Smith, H. M., McCarthy, C., & Chiszar, D. 2000. Some enigmatic identifications in Boulenger’s 1 897 Sceloporus Monograph (Reptilia: Sauria). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society, 36(4), 124-132. Stuart, L. C. 1954. Herpetofauna of the southeastern highlands of Guatemala. Contributions from the Laboratory of Vertebrate Biology, University of Michigan, (68), 1-65. Stuart, L. C. 1971. Comments on the malachite Sceloporus (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae) of- southem Mexico and Guatemala. Herpetologica, 27 (3), 235-259. Wiegmann, A. F. A. 1834. Herpetologia Mexicana. Seu descriptio Amphibiorum Novae Hispaniae. Parts prima. Saurorum species. Berlin, Liideritz, vi, 54 pp. 10 pis. (Facsimile Reprints in Herpetology 23. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles 1969). Wiens, J. J., & Reeder, T. W. 1 997 . Phy logeny of the spiny lizards {Sceloporus) based on molecular and morpho¬ logical evidence. Herpetological Monographs, 11, 1-101, 27 figs., 1 tab. Wiens, J. J., Reeder, T. W , & Nieto Montes de Oca, A. 1999 Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of sexual dichromatism among populations of Yarrow’s spiny lizard {Sceloporus jarrovii). Evolution, 53(6), 1884-1897. Wiens, J. J., & Servedio, M. R. 2000. Species delimitation in systematics: inferring diagnostic differences be¬ tween species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 267, 631-636. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 97 Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 Authors: Edmundo Perez-Ramos & Lucia Saldaha-de la Riva, Museo de Zoologia, Facultad de Ciencias, UN AM. Mexico, D. F. Coyoacdn, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, Mexico. * Corresponding author: ermuno@servidor.unam.mx Received: 10 June 2008 Accepted: 10 July 2008 page 98 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 NORTHWARD RANGE EXTENSION OF THE CORAL SNAKE MICRURUS D. DIASTEMA (SERPENTES:ELAPIDAE) IN THE STATE OF VERACRUZ, MEXICO. During the search of amphibians and reptiles for the elaboration of the taxonomic listing in the locality ofTancoco, Veracruz, we found a male specimen of Micmms d. diastema approximately 10 km in the direction of the Mountain range of Tantima, on April 1 st of 2007, which is being kept frozen in the herpetologica! laboratory of FES Iztacala, UN AM. The characteristics of the individual are: 347 mm snout-vent length , 62 mm tail length and a corporal weight of 64g (Figure 1). The capture zone is between the coordinates 21° 1 7 5 08.3” N and 97° 48? 58.7” W, in an elevation of 395 meters (Figure 2). This record represents the most NE locality reported in Veracruz for this subspecies. The nearest localities reported for this subspecies are from the central portion of Veracruz south (Campbell and Lamar, 2004); Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas, Campeche, Yucatan and Quintana Roo (De la Torre et al, 2006; Flores-Villela, 1993). The individual was found dead in a com cultivation. The local people had used a machete to kill this individual as can be seen in Figure 1 . The type of vegetation for this zone corresponds to high Forest, with a large extensions of disturbed vegetation (Rzedowski, 1981). Figure 1 . The Micrurus d. diastema reported here. Keywords! Veracruz, Coralsnake, Micrurus diastema. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 99 Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 Figure 2. The habitat in which this specimen was found. This is an important record which helps more clearly define the distribution of this sub¬ species in Veracruz. In terms of conservation, it reflects the disturbed habitat and the indiscriminate slaughter of this and other species. We also found a dead young male specimen of the venomous snake Bothrops asper also killed with a machete. Literature Cited. Campbell, J. A. y Lamar, W. W. 2004. The venomous reptiles of the western hemisphere. Comstock Pub¬ lishing Associates. USA. Vol.l: 161-163. De La Torre, L. M. A.; Aguirre, L. G. y Lopez, L. M. A. 2006. Coralillos verdaderos (Serpentes: Elapidae) y coralillos falsos (Ser- pentes: Colubridae) de Veracruz, Mexico. Acta Zoologica mexicana. 22(3): 11-22. Flores-Villela, O. 1993. Herpetofauna Mexicana. Special publication. Carnegie. Museum of Natural History. Pittsburg. 17: 1-73. Rzedowski, J. 1981 . Vegetacion de Mexico. Ed. Limusa. Mexico. 430 pp. Amaya Hernandez Angel R. and Raul Rivera Velazquez, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM. Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico. ancus_amaya@hotmail.com Recieved: 22 July 2008. Accepted: 31 July 2008. page 100 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 NORTHWARD RANGE EXTENSION OF HYLA MIOTYMPHANUM (ANURA:HYLIDAE) IN THE STATE OF VERACRUZ, MEXICO. During the search for amphibians and reptiles for the elaboration of the taxonomic listing for the locality of Tancoco, Veracruz, in east direction in the recreational park called “La laja”, in 19 May 2007, we captured a male individual of Hyla miotymphanum , which is preserved in 70% alcohol in the herpetological laboratory of FES Iztacaia, UNAM. The specimens measurments were: 25 mm snout-vent length, 15 mm length of femur, 11 mm wide of the snout and corporal mass of 0.62 g. The capture zone is between the coordinates 21°17’28.3,,N and 97°46536.3” W, at an elevation of 154 meters (Figure 2). This is the most northeast locality in the state of Veracruz where this species has been reported. The specimen was found at 23:10 hrs, on a rock located in the middle of the water body that crosses the park. The vegetation corresponds to high forest, with fragments of disurbed vegetation (Rzedowski, 1981). In addition, another six individuals of the same species were found (including a pair in amplexus) (Figure 1) along the river, on rocks and between the grass. The specimens were photographed and released. This hylid shares habitat with Rana catesbeiana and Leptodacthylus melanonotus exploit¬ ing many kinds of microhabitats. The nearest localities where this species has been reported are in center and south of the state from Jalapa to the Mountain range of the Tuxtlas (Duellman, 1970); In Mexico it has been reported from the states of Chiapas, Nuevo Leon and fragments of Puebla, according to recent Figure 1. A pair of Hyla miotymphanum found in amplexis. Keywords: Veracruz, Tancoco, Hyla miotymphanum. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 101 Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 literature (Flores- Villela, 1993; Flores-Villela et al., 1995). The presence of Hyla miotymphanum in the North zone of Veracruz, constitutes an important extension in the known distribution of this amphibian in the state. Figure 2. The habitat La laja. Literature Cited Duellman, W. E. 1970. The Hylid Frogs of Middle America. Monograph of the museum of the natural story. University of Kansas. 1(1): 370-371. Flores-Villela, O. 1993. Herpetofauna Mexicana. Special publication. Carnegie. Museum of Natural History. Pittsburg. 17: 1-73. Flores - Villela, O.; Mendoza, Q. F. y Gracia, G. P. 1 995. Recopilacion de claves para la determinacion de anfibios y reptiles de Mexico. Publ. esp. Mus. Zool. 10: 1 - 285. Lazcano, V. D. y Dixon, J. R. 2002. Lista preliminar de la Herpetofauna del estado de Nuevo Leon. Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. Mexico. 7 pp. Rzedowski, J. 1981. Vegetacion de Mexico. Ed. Limusa. Mexico. 430 pp. Amaya Hernandez Angel R. and Raul Rivera Velazquez, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UN AM. Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico. ancus_amaya@hotmail.com Recieved: 22 July 2008. Accepted: 31 July 2008. page 1 02 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 Notes on Reproduction of Dicrodon guttulatum, D. heterolepis and D. holmbergi (Squamata: Teiidae) from Peru The genus Dicrodon consits of three species, two of which are endemic to Peru (Ecuador desert tegu, Dicrodon heterolepis and Holmberg’s desert tegu, Dicrodon hol¬ mbergi), the third (Peru desert tegu, Dicrodon guttulatum ) is known from Ecuador and Peru (Schmidt, 1957; Peters and Orejas-Miranda, 1986; Lehr, 2002). There are, to my knowledge, no reports on the reproduction of these lizards. The purpose of this note is to provide information on the reproductive biology of D. guttulatum, D. heterolepis and D. holmbergi from Peru from a histological examination of museum specimens. Information on clutch sizes, time of sperm formation (spermiogenesis) and minimum sizes for sexual maturity are presented. The following specimens of Dicrodon from Peru (by department) deposited in the herpetology collection of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (LACM), Los Angeles, California were examined: Dicrodon guttulatum (n = 30) (9 males, SVL = 126.9 mm ± 20.7 SD, range = 82-143 mm, 13 females, SVL = 107.8 mm ± 18.1 SD, range = 80-136 mm, 8 subadults, SVL = 62.6 mm ± 9.7 SD, range = 48-74), Lambayque: LACM 76989, 76992, 122797-122799, 122801, Piura: LACM 76964-76971, 76973, 76974, 76977-76979, 76981,76983, 76984, Tumbes: LACM 76953, 76954, 76956, 76958- 76962; Dicrodon heterolepis (n = 27) (14 males, SVL = 94.8 mm ± 18.2 SD, range = 63- 117 mm, 7 females, SVL= 86.3 mm ±11.2 SD, range = 73-103 mm, 6 subadults, SVL = 64.3 mm ± 8.0 SD, range = 55-73 mm ) Ancash: LACM 76921-76929, 76931-76938, lea: LACM 76950, 76952, LaLibertad: LACM 76939, 76941,76943, 79945-76948, 125346); Dicrodon holmbergi (n = 11) (3 males, SVL = 107.7 mm ± 8.4 SD, range = 98-113 mm, 4 females, SVL =122 mm ± 5.7 SD, range = 114-127 mm), 4 subadults, SVL = 87.5 ± 7.4 SD, range = 79-97 mm; Ancash: LACM 76913-76918, La Libertad: LACM 76907, 76910, 122759, 122762, 122765. Gonads were dehydrated in ethanol, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 pm and stained with Harris hematoxylin followed by eosin counterstain (Presnell and Schreibman, 1997). Enlarged follicles (> 4 mm) and/or oviductal eggs were counted; no histology was done on them. Male and female mean body sizes (SVL) were compared with an unpaired t test using Instat (vers. 3.0b, Graphpad Software, San Diego, CA). Dicrodon guttulatum : Mean SVL length of males was significantly larger than that of females (t - 2.30, df= 20, P = 0.03). All nine males (7 from December, 2 from June) were undergoing sperm formation = spermiogenesis in which the seminiferous tubules were lined by spermatozoa or groups of metamorphosing spermatids. The smallest repro ductively active male measured 82 mm SVL and was from June (LACM 122798). Nine D. guttulatum females from November-December were reproductively inactive Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 1 03 Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 (Table 1); ovarian follicles were not undergoing yolk deposition (vitellogenesis). From December, two females were undergoing early yolk deposition in which the follicles con¬ tained basophilic yolk granules and one contained a corpus luteum (evidence of a recent ovulation). No oviductal eggs were present and were presumably recently deposited. One female collected in June contained 4 oviductal eggs. The smallest reproductively active female (corpus luteum present) measured 91 mm SVL (LACM 76970) and was from December. Eight males with very small gonads (range: 48-74 mm) were visually examined and judged to be sub-adults. Table 1. Monthly distribution of ovarian cycle stages for three species of Dicrodon, D. guttulatum (n=13), D. heterolepis (n=7). D. holmbergi (n=4) from Peru. Species Month n No yolk Early yolk Follicles >4 Oviductual Corpus deposition deposition mm length eggs luteum D, November 2 2 0 0 0 0 guttulatum December 10 7 2 0 0 1 June 1 0 0 0 1 0 D. August 1 0 0 0 1 0 heterolepis November 2 0 0 2 0 0 December 4 1 0 2 1 0 D. December 3 0 2 1 0 0 holmbergi June 1 0 0 1 0 0 Dicrodon heterolepis : There was no significant difference in mean SVL between males and females. All 14 adult males from November-December were undergoing spermiogenesis. The smallest reproductively active male measured 87 mm SVL (LACM 76950) and was from December. Another male from December (LACM 76938) which measured 56 mm contained a regressed testis in which the seminiferous tubules contained mainly spermatogonia was considered a sub-adult. One female from August contained 3 enlarged ovarian follicles (> 4 mm length). From November, two were not undergoing yolk deposition, and two each contained enlarging ovarian follicles, (> 4 mm length), 2 and 3 respectively (Table 1). From De¬ cember, one female was not undergoing yolk deposition, two contained enlarged ovarian follicles, 2 and 3 respectively and one contained 4 oviductal eggs. Mean clutch size for D. heterolepis (n = 6) was 2.7 ± 0.82, range = 2-4. The smallest reproductively active female (2 enlarged ovarian follicles) measured 78 mm SVL (LACM 76939) and was from December. Five smaller females from November-December (mean SVL = 66.0 mm ±7.7 SD, range - 55-73 mm) contained very small ovaries and were judged to be subadults. Dicrodon holmbergi : Male and female samples were too small to compare mean page 104 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 SVL sizes. Three males from December were undergoing spermiogenesis. The smallest reproductively active male measured 98 mm SVL (LACM 76907). Two males, one from December (LACM 76910, SVL =79 mm), one from June (LACM 122765, SVL =87 mm) contained seminiferous tubules in recrudescence (cellular renewal for the next period of sperm formation) in which spermatogonia and some primary spermatocytes were present. These two males were judged to be juveniles as one could not estimate their size when sperm formation would commence. Another male from June (LACM 122759, SVL = 87 mm) contained a regressed (inactive) testis and was judged to be a juvenile. Two females from December were undergoing early yolk deposition (Table 1). One female from December and one from June, each contained 2 enlarged ovarian follicles. The smallest reproductively active female (early yolk deposition) measured 114 mm SVL (LACM 76918) and was from December. One female from December (LACM 76915, SVL = 97 mm) was not undergoing yolk deposition and was judged to be a juvenile. It is clear that the above three species of Dicrodon produce sperm during austral spring (December). The two D. guttulatum examined from June were also undergoing spermiogenesis and reproductively active females were present in both December and June suggesting this species has a prolonged reproductive cycle. This may also be true for D. heterolepis in which reproductively active females from August and December were noted and D. holmbergi in which they occurred in December and June. Prolonged periods of reproduction have been reported in other lizards from coastal Peru: gekko- nids, Phyllodactylus reissii, P. inaequalis, P. microphyllus, (Goldberg, 2007, 2008) and trophidurids, Microlophis koepckeorum as (Trophidurus koepckeorum), M. occipitalis as (‘I, occipitalis ), and M. peruvianus as (T. peruvianus ) by Dixon and Wright (1975). Subsequent examination of monthly samples of D. guttulatum , D. heterolepis and D. holmbergi are needed before the reproductive cycles of these lizards can be known. I thank Christine Thacker (LACM) for permission to examine Dicrodon and Jessica Carlson (Whittier College) for assistance with histology. Mteratwg Cited Dixon, J R., and J.W. Wright 1975. A review of the lizards of the iguanid genus Tropidums in Peru. Natural His¬ tory Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science 271:1-39. Goldberg, S.R. 2007. Notes on reproduction of Peters’ leaf-toed gecko, Phyllodactylus reissii (Squamata, Gekkonidae), from Peru. Phyllomedusa 6:147-150. Goldberg, S.R. 2008. Note on reproduction of Phyllodactylus inaequalis and Phyllodactylus microphyllus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peru. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 43:98-99. Lehr, E. 2002. Amphibien end reptilien in Peru. Die herpetofauna entlang des 10. Breiten- grades von Peru: Arterfassung, taxonomic, okologische bemerkungen und Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 105 Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 biogeographische beziehuingen. NTV Wissenschaft, Munster, Germany, 208 PP- Peters, J.A., and B. Orejas-Miranda. 1 986. Catalogue of the neotropical squamata. Part II. Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. , v-viii + 293 pp. Presnell, J.K., and M.P. Schreibman. 1997. Humason’s animal tissue techniques. 5th Edit. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 572 pp. Schmidt, K.P. 1957. Notes on lizards of the genus Dicrodon. Fieldiana, Zoology 39: 65-71. Stephen R. Goldberg, Whittier College, Department of Biology, Whittier, California 90608. Received: 4 August 2008 Accepted: 1 8 August 2008 page 106 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 The Eastern Spadefoot Toad, Scaphiopus holbrookii in Maryland Many have reported on the distribution of the Eastern Spadefoot Toad ( Scaphiopus hol¬ brookii) in Maryland (Mansueti, 1947; Stine, et al.,1956; Cooper, 1960, 1965; Harris 1969, 1975; Miller, 1977, Reed, 1956). In Maryland, the spadefoot toad is known from the Coastal Plain Province, the Inner Division (Maryland’s Western Shore) and the Outer Division (Maryland’s Eastern Shore), except for two populations in the Piedmont of Frederick County. In this paper, we report on the northernmost populations in Anne Arundel County, men¬ tion a previously reported record for Harford County (Miller, 1977) and report a new county record for Baltimore County. One locality reported by Stine et al.(1956) needs clarification. The record reported as Glen Bumie in that paper (what the area was called at that time) is now actually south of Glen Bumie in Millersville. The area is a small trickle in a low area that had always flooded during heavy rains. It is less than 0.5 mi N East- West Highway on Veterans Highway. Due to the building of many homes in several developments, this area, now usually only floods during hurricane type rains. Robert S. Simmons pointed out this area to the senior author on numerous occasions as the northernmost locality for spadefoot toads. In the late 1950’s and early 1960’s, prior to development there, and after heavy rains, we found specimens breeding at this locality regularly. Scaphiopus holbrookii , after heavy rains, will breed in any small body of water created by the rain.... ditches, vernal ponds, flooded fields etc. I have found them breeding on Old Oak Road, 0.2 mi W New Cut Road, in mini pools (less then 1 .5 feet in diameter) in and by the road itself. The tadpoles of Scaphiopus can metamorphose in a little over a week or sometimes even less, apparently dictated by the speed of evaporation of the standing water. Northwest of this area, about 0.75 mi W New Cut Road on Stevenson Road there is a settling pond adjacent to the North Arundel Vo-Tech Center. This site serves as a breeding pond for Scaphiopus holbrookii. After heavy rains (usually two inches or more) specimens can be found on the roads by the school, and when they are breeding the sound can be deafening. This vernal pond, unlike most settling ponds, always dries up in late summer. This area is very unique in that the population is thriving in a man made environment. The areas adjacent to the settling pond are well-manicured school lawns. The spadefoot toads live under these lawns in small holes they create using their “spade” to back down below the surface in the sandy soil. With patience, you can walk around the lawns spotting holes and find individual Scaphiopus below the surface. You can feel their back by inserting your finger down the hole. Rather than digging them out, you can get them to surface, by pouring water down the hole, as discovered by the junior author. The senior author has been monitoring this population for over twenty years. Charles I. Stine has attempted on several occasions, to implant transmitters in specimens here to verify their movements, without success.... the available transmitters were too large and bulky for the size of the spadefoot toads. This is an atypical population of S. holbrookii. A typical breeding scenario can be observed along Grover Road, just South of New Cut Road, where Scaphiopus breeds in flooded com fields after extremely heavy rains. Twenty years Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetologsca! Society page 107 Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 ago this was a very common site in this area, however, the massive construction of homes has reduced the available habitat. Miller (1977) reported a specimen in the collection of Towson State University (AR-1539- TSU) from Bush River, in southern Harford Co., Maryland. This was a new County record for this species. The area was typical, having cornfields and drainage ditches as reported by Miller (1977). Recently, the junior author after leaving the breeding colony on Stevenson Road in Anne Arundel County, drove up to an area where he is working in Baltimore County, and discovered a population of Scaphiopus on Route 1 (Belair Road) just prior to the Gunpowder River (Figure 1.). This local¬ ity is on Belair Road, 1.25-1.5 mi past Jerusaleum Road, between New-cut Road on the left and Reckord Road. This provides a new county record for Baltimore County. It was noticed that in the series examined from this area, that the lighter areas on the spadefoots was much more yellow than in the Anne Arundel County specimens. Both the Harford County and Baltimore County records are in areas considered Coastal Plain localities. Figure 2., shows the distribution of the spadefoot toad in Maryland after Harris (1975) with the two new county records plotted. Figure 1 . A specimen of Scaphiopus holbrookii from Route 1 , near the Gunpowder River in Baltimore County. Maryland. This specimen was collected on 4 June 2008, when this colony was discoverd, by Kevin Crocetti. page 108 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 September 2008 Figure 2. The distribution in Maryland of the Eastern Spadefoot Toad, after Harris (1975) with two new county records plotted. Cooper, John E. 1956. An annotated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Md. Nat XXVI (1-4): 16-23. 1960. Distributional survey V of Maryland and the District of Columbia. Bull. Md. Herp. Soc. May -June: 18-24. (Revised by H.S. Harris, Jr.) Harris, Herbert S., Jr. 1969. Distributional Survey: Maryland and the District of Columbia. Bull. Md. Herp. Soc. 5(4):97-161. 1975. Mansueti, Romeo. 1947. Miller, Robert. 1977. Distributional Survey (Amphibia/Reptilia): Maryland and the District of Columbia. Bull. Md. Herp. Soc. 11(3): 73-167. The spadefoot toad in Maryland. Maryland XVII(1):7-14. A new county record for the Eastern Spadefoot Toad, Scaphiopus k holhrooki , in Maryland. Bull. Md. Herp. Soc. 13(2): 11 8. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 109 September 2008 Volume 44 Number 3 Reed, Clyde F. 1956. The spadefoot toad in Maryland. Herpetologica 12:294—295. Stine, Charles S., Robert S. Simmons and James A. Fowler. 1956. New records for the eastern spadefoot toad in Maryland. Herpetologica 12:295-296. Herbert S. Harris, Jr., Department of Herpetology, Natural History Society of Maryland, Inc., 6908 Belair Road, Baltimore, Maryland 21206 (hsharris@juno.com) and Kevin Crocetti, 306 Moonlight Court, Baltimore, Maryland 21225. Received: 30 June 2008 Accepted: 10 July 2008 page 110 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 News and Notes: September 2008 In the paper Delusions of Science: Concerns Regarding the Unwarranted Introduction of Pine Snakes to the Delmarva Peninsula of Maryland, which appeared in Volume 43, Number 4, pp. 147-158, an author’s name, Robert Miller, was inadvertantly left off. Somehow it was never added to one of the many drafts that were passed around. . I take full responsibility for this error. It does make us feel better, knowing there were, fourteen authors, not the thirteen names published in that paper! Herbert S. Harris, Jr. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetologscal Society page 111 September 2008 Volume 44 Number 3 News and Notes: National Reptile Breeder’s Expo raises $27,000 for endangered crocodile: Each year the Expo in Daytona, Florida raises money for private sector reptile and am¬ phibian conservation through a benefit auction. This year, despite a tropical storm hanging over Daytona, the auction was not only a success, but we had our largest audience to date. The auction room was packed. Funds raised through this year’s EXPO Auction will benefit the Indian gharial, one of the most critically endangered crocodilians in the world. This unique crocodilian, considered safe after a massive captive breeding and release campaign in the late 70s and 80s, has been found to have lost tremendous ground over the last 8 years. Today there are less than 200 breeding adults in the wild, scattered over 7 sanctuaries; and this last winter one of the largest sanctuaries, the Na¬ tional Chambal River Sanctuary, suffered a mysterious and devastating die-off of over 1 17 gharial. Almost 30% of that sanctuary’s next breeding generation (adult females and sub-adult males) are now gone. The Expo funds are headed directly to gharial conservation programs in India, including head start programs, habitat protection and continued investigations into the die off at the National Chambal River Sanctuary. The world-renowned Director of the Gharial Conservation Alliance (GCA), Rom Whitaker, was in attendance throughout the EXPO and presented a talk on the plight of the gharial just prior to the auction. While he was extremely excited to see the crowds of fellow reptile enthusiasts that were in attendance at the auction, he was ecstatic over the evening’s fundraising success. “Words cannot describe the gratitude I feel towards all who helped make this weekend such a promising one for gharial conservation,” said Rom. “Many thanks to everyone who donated their precious time and resources in order to help us preserve and protect the dwindling number of them that remain. You can do a great deal with very little money in India; fortunately, now we can do a great deal many times over with the money raised here.” The total for the seven years we have been holding the benefit auctions now exceeds $121, 000. It’s not just about how much money we raise, but how well it’s spent. Private sector conservation efforts are much more careful with their spending than are government agencies, institutions, and large international organizations. Funds are not to be used for travel, overhead and other expenses that do not directly benefit the species. In four of the years auction money has gone directly to important conservation projects in developing nations where US dollars go much further than they do in this country. We hope to be able to have the 2009 auction benefit some species of amphibian since the previous seven auctions have all been for reptiles. We thank Wayne Hill for sponsoring the auction, Reptiles Magazine and Herpster.com for sponsoring our pre-auction social, and all who helped, donated auction items, and participated. . Dave Lee, Benefit Coordinator, The Tortoise Reserve (torresinc@aoI.com). page 112 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 44 Number 3 News and Notes September 2008 MARS Reptile and Amphibian Rescue +10-550-0250 We will take as many unwanted pet reptiles and amphibians as space allows. Leave a message with your name and number to give up an animal for adoption; or to volunteer to help with our efforts. OUR CURRENT NEEDS: © Piece of Property with a Building © Dremel © Power & Hand Tools © Bleach © Envelopes © Pillow Cases/Bags © Paper Towels www.reptileinfo.com Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 113 Volume 44 Number 3 News and Notes: September 2008 page 114 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Society Publication Back issues of the Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society, where available, may be obtained by writing the Executive Editor. A list of available issues will be sent upon request. Individual numbers in stock are $5.00 each, unless otherwise noted. The Society also publishes a Newsletter on a somewhat irregular basis. These are distributed to the membership free of charge. Also published are Maryland Herpetofauna Leaflets and these are available at $. 25/page. Information for Authors All correspondence should be addressed to the Executive Editor. Manu¬ scripts being submitted for publication should be typewritten (double spaced) on good quality 8 1/2 by 1 1 inch paper with adequate margins. Submit original and first carbon, retaining the second carbon. If entered on a word processor, also submit diskette and note word processor and operating system used. Indi¬ cate where illustrations or photographs are to appear in text. Cite all literature used at end in alphabetical order by author. Major papers are those over five pages (double spaced, elite type) and must include an abstract. The authors name should be centered under the title, and the address is to follow the Literature Cited. Minor papers are those pa¬ pers with fewer than five pages. Author’s name is to be placed at end of paper (see recent issue). For additional information see Style Manual for Biological Journals (1964), American Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016. Reprints are available at $.07 a page and should be ordered when manu¬ scripts are submitted or when proofs are returned. Minimum order is 100 re¬ prints. Either edited manuscript or proof will be returned to author for approval or correction. The author will be responsible for all corrections to proof, and must return proof preferably within seven days. The Maryland Herpetological Society Department of Herpetology Natural History Society of Maryland, Inc. 2643 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218